### 1 A t t a c h m e n t

W e a r e pu t t i ng t oge t he r t he e m i ss i on es ti m a t es f o r o t he r ca t tl e f ac i l i t i es and e x pec t t o have so m e t h i ng

t o you s oon.

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, l i k e he i f e r s

, wa s based on t he D i s t r i c t’ s da i r y

e m i ss i on f ac t o r as t he r e wa s no e m i s s i on s r esea r ch t h a t w a s spec if i c t o bee f ca tt l e

. L i ke t he he if e r

e m i ss i on f ac t o r

, t he m e t hod used t o ca l cu l a t e m a n u r e f r o m bee f ca t t l e l ead t o ove r e s t i m a t i on o f

e m i ss i ons f r o m bee f ca t t l e

. Cu r r en t l y

, e m i s s i on s f r o m bee f ca t t l e a r e s t i ll con s e r va t i v e l y es t i m a t e d us i ng

t he r ev i sed da i r y e m i ss i on f ac t o r o f 15

. 8 l b / hd

- y r

. A s de s c r i bed be l ow

, t hese e m i ss i ons a r e e s t i m a t ed

b ased on t he r a t i o o f v o l a t i l e so l i ds exc r e t i on

. T h e t ab l es i n ASAE / ASABE D384

. 2 ( M a r ch 2005 )

i nd i ca t e t ha t m il k c o w s exc r e t e app r ox i m a t e l y 7

. 5 kg

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( 290 kg / 153 days ) ( up t o 2

. 3 k g

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c onse r v a t i ve l y es ti m a t ed t o b e be t w e e n 25

- 3 0 % o f t he da i r y e m i ss i on f ac t o r o r a r ound 3

. 9

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. 6 l b / h d- y r

. So t h e cu r r en t D i s t ri c t es t i m a t e i s a r ound 4 l b / hd

- y r based on t he da i r y e m i s s i on f a c t o r

. Howe ve r

, as

n o t ed

, r esea r c h t ha t has been done t o quan t i f y e m i ss i ons f r o m bee f ca t t l e i nd i ca t e t h a t t h i s f ac t o r l i ke l y

s t i l l ove r es ti m a t es e m i ss i ons f r o m bee f ca t t l e a nd t ha t t he d i f f e r ence s i n d i e t a r e see m t o cause m uch

l owe r e m i s s i ons f r o m bee f c a t t l e as co m pa r ed t o da i r y c a t t l e

. I t does s ee m t ha t f eed i ng l ess s i l age m ay



### R E : F W : Dr a f

t R e v i s i on t o P o r ti on i ng o f D a i r y C o w En t e r i c a nd M a n u re E mi ss i on s F a c t o r s

f o r S uppo r t S t o c k

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t o :

S on a C h ili ng ar y a n

08 / 05 / 2011 05 : 15 P M

C c :

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, " S a m i r S h e i kh "

, " S a nd r a Lo w e- L e s e t h "

, " S h e r a z G ill "

H i d e D e t a i l s

F r o m: "R a m on N o r m a n " < R a m on. N o r m a n @ v a ll e y a i r .o r g>

To : S on a C h ili ng ar y a n / R 9 / U S E P A / U S @E P A

C c : " E r r o l V il l e g a s " < e rr o l .v ill e g a s@v a l l e y a i r .o r g>

, " S a m i r S h e i kh "

< S a m i r

. S h e i kh@v a ll e y a i r .o r g>

, " S a nd r a Lo w e

- L e s e t h "

< S a nd r a .Lo w e L e s e t h@v a ll e y a i r .o r g>

, " S h e ra z G i l l" < S h e ra z

. G i l l @v a l l e y a i r .o r g>

H i s t o r y : Th i s m e ss a g e h a s b e e n r e p li e d t o a nd f o rwa r d e d

.

i ma g e001

. g if 

### P a g e 1 o f 6

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~ w e b3098.h tm

### r educe V O C e m i ss i ons f r o m t he ca t t l e and m anu r e

. W e m ay need t o spea k w i t h D r

. M i t l oe h ne r

r ega r d i ng t he s t udy t o s ee i f he has any i ns i g h t s i n t o t h i s

.

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. S o n a@e p a ma il. e p a .g ov ]

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, A u g u s t 0 5

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a n u r e Em issi o n s F a c

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, Ra m on. It w o u l d a ls o b e v e r y he l pf u l t o h a v e e s t i ma t e s fo r h o w m u c h t h e o the r c a t t l e

fa c i l i t i e s t h at h a v e f e we r h ea d th a n t h e a pp l i c a b i l i t y t h r e s ho l d i n R u l e 4 5 70 em i t.

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oth e r s t h at s t a te d th a t fo r t h e a n i ma ls i n th e s t ud y

, " et h an o l a n d me t ha n o l , th e m o s t i m po r t a nt v o l at i l e o r g a n i c

c o mp o un d ( V O C ) g r o up i n the da i r y s e c t o r

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. " T h e

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. 1 l b s /h d

- y r

. Gi v e n t h e a d d i t i o n a l r e s e a r c h th a t' s o c c u rr e d

s i n c e t h en

, wh a t i s t h e D i s t r i c t' s c u r r e nt e s t i m a te f o r e m i ss i o n s f r om b e e f c att l e?

A l s o , th e 2 0 11 a r t i cl e d is c u s s e s t h e i m p a c t s of d i e t on me t ha n e e m i ss i o n s th o ug h d o e s n o t p r o vi de a s i m i l a r

d i sc u s s i o n fo r V O C e m i ss i o n s . I s th e g e ne r a l i de a th a t a d i e t t h at d oe s n ot i n c l u de s i l a ge l e a d s to l o w e r V O C

em is s i on s f r o m b e ef c a tt l e ?

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s

.

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. A s no t

e d b e l o w

, t h e D i s t ric t p r e v i ou s l y

p r opo r t i on e d e m i s

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r o m A S A E / ASA B E D 384. 2 t h at u s

e d w e i g h t to e s

t i m at e m a nu r e e xcr e t i o n bu t

t h i s e qu at i on o

v e r es t i m at e d m a n u r e e xcr e t i on f r o m s m a l l e r h e i f

e r s a n d c a l v e s

.

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c u s s i on s a nd c o rr e sp o n d e n c

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. M e

y e r

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on s i d e r e d w h e n p r opo r t i on i n g VO C e m i s

s i on s

. V o l a t i l e S

o li ds a r e a g ood m e a su r

e o f o r g a n i c

m att e r t h at c a n b e a su b s

t r at e o f V O C

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a n ic m a tt e r i s e q u a l. Mi l k c

o ws a r e f e d a r at i on t h at i s m u c

h m o r e

d i g e s t i b l e t h a n su p po r t s

t o c k a nd t h e o rg a n ic i n t h e ir m a nu r

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, C

O2 , a nd l i k e l y m o r e VO C

e m i s s i on s t h a n h e i f e r s t h at a r e f e d a r at i on t h at i s n o t a s d i g

e s t i b l e a nd m u c h l e s s s il a g e

. Si n c e w e do no t h a v

e i n f o r m at i on

o n t h e sp e ci at i on o f

t h e v o l at il e c o m pou n ds i n m a n u r

e ( m a y b e a f

u t u r e r e s e a rc h p r o j e c t )

, I w a s g o i n g to l ook i n to us

i n g t h e

m e t h a n e p r

odu c t i on p ot e n t i a l a s a v o l at il e s o li ds o f m i l k c o w s v s

. h e i f e r s t o f u r t h e r r e f i n e t h e VO C e m i s

s i on s e s t i m at e f o r

h e i f e r s bu t h a v e h a d h i g h e r p ri o ri t i e s

to t a k e c a r e o f

. S o t h i s d r a f t p r o p o r t i on i n g

o f e m i ss i on s i s c on s i d e r e d c on s e r v at i v e a s F r o m: " R a m o n N o rm an " < R a m on

. N o rm an @v a ll e y a i r

. o rg >

T o: S on a C h i l i nga r y a n / R 9 / U S E PA / U S @ E PA

C c: " S a mir Sh e i k h " < S a mir

. Sh e i k h @ v a l l e y a ir

. o rg >, " E r r o l V ill e ga s" < e rr o l

. v ill e g a s @ v a ll e y a ir

. o rg >, " S h e r a z G ill " < S he r a z

. G i ll @ v a l l e y a ir

. o rg >,

" S and r a L o w e

- L e s e t h " < S an d r a

. Lo w eL e s e t h @ v a ll e y a ir

. o rg >

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### P a g e 2 o f 6

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~ w e b3098.h tmi t m ay s

t ill o v e r e s t i m at e VO C e m i s

s i on s f r o m h e i f e r s

.

F r o m: R am o n N o r m a n

S e n t: Mo n d a y

, D e c

em b e r 1 3

, 2 0

1 0 5 : 2 1 PM

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a r t i n Ke a st

C c: J i m S w

a n ey

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a f t Re v i s io n t

o P or t io n i n g o f D a ir

y Co w E n te ri c a n d M

a n u r e Em issio n s F a c t

ors f or S u ppo r t S t

o ck

I h a v e att a c h ed m y r e v i s e d c a l c u l at i o n s f o r p o r t i o n i n g t h e d a i ry e n te r i c a nd ma n u r e e m i s si on s f a c t o r s t o t h e

s u pp o r t s t o c k

. T he V O C e m i ss i o n s a r e a s s u me d to be p r op o r t i o n a l to V o l at il e S o l i d s ( V S ) e xcr et i on a n d th e

A m mo n i a e m i s s i o n s a r e a ss u m ed t o b e p r o p o r t i on a l t o N i t r og e n ( N ) e x cr et i on

. T he v a l u e s fo r V S a n d N e xc r e t i on

a r e t a k e n d i r e c t l y f r o m A S AE / A S A BE D3 8 4. 2 ( Ma rc h 2 00 5 ) wh e n a v a i l a b l e a nd e s t i m at e d f r o m a v e r a g e s of oth e r

r e s o u r c e s wh e n a v a l u e i s n ot g i v e n ( i

. e . m e d i um he i fe rs a n d b a b y c a l v e s )

. I c h e ck ed t he e s t i m ate d e xc r e t i o n

v a l u e s w i t h D e an n e M e y e r to an d s h e a g r e e d t h at t h e f o r m u l a s g iv en i n AS A E D 3 84. 2 a r e not ap p r o p r i a te f o r u s e

w i t h s ma l l e r an i m a l s s i n c e th e fo r m u l a s ( e s p e c i a l l y the fo r m u l a ba s e d o n we i g h t a l o n e ) w i l l s i g n i f ic ant ly

o v e r e s t i m at e m a nu r e p r od u c t i o n f r o m s ma l l e r an i m a l s (s ee a tta c h e d e ma il )

. S h e a l s o s ta t ed t hat the A S A E

D38 4 .2 e q u at i on s h a d n ot b ee n fu ll y r e vi ew e d a t th e t i m e o f p u b l i c at i o n an d u p da t ed e q u at i on s c a n be fou n d i n

the pa p e r b y N e nn ic h ( a n d o t he rs ) " P r ed i c t i o n o f Ma n u r e a n d Nut r i en t E xc r e t i o n f r o m D a i ry Ca t t l e "

. In o ne o f t h e

wo rk s h eet s a c o m p a r i s o n of t he p r ed i c t i v e f o r mu l a s f r o m A S A E D 38 4 .2 a nd Ne n n i c h i s c om p a r e d.

B a s e d o n m y c a l c u l a t i o n s th e p e r c e n ta g e o f e m i s s i o n s c a l c u l at e d f o r s u p p o r t s t o c k w il l d e c r e a s e i n c o m p a r i s o n t o

the o r i g i n a l a p p o r t i o nm e nt tha t wa s u s e d

- th i s i s e s p e c i a l l y t r u e of t he b a b y c a lv e s a n d s m a l l he i fe rs

. I w i l l r u n

the r e v is ed e x cr et i o n e s t i m at e s b y De a nn e M e y e r on e m o r e t i me to s e e i f s h e h a s an y s u g ge s t i on s.

F i n a l l y

, I s ug g e s t a p p o r t i o n i n g e m i ss i o n s b a s e d o n s o l i d s / v o l at i l e s o l i d s r at h e r t h an m a n u r e s i n c e th e a ss um e d

mo is tu r e c o n te n t h a s a l a r ge e ffe c t o n t o ta l m a nu r e ou t put.

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A i r Q u a l i t y E ng i n e e r

S a n J oa q u i n V a l l e y A i r P o l l u t i o n C o nt r o l D is t r ic t

19 9 0 E

. G ett ys b u r g A v e

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- 02 44

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### [a tt a c h m e n t " D a i r y A n im a l N u t r i e n t E x cr e t i on Es tim a t e s ( 1 2

- 13

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C h ili ng ar y a n / R 9 / U S E P A / U S ]

- ---- Me ss ag e f r o m " D ea n ne M e y e r " < dm e y e r @ u c d a v is .e du > o n M on, 8 M a r 2 0 10 1 5: 4 7: 5 3

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R a m on

A tt a c h e d i s a w o r d do c u m e n t w i t h y o u r qu e s t i on s a nd m y r e s p on s e s r e l at e d to m a nu r

e e xcr e t i o n

. I ’ m

a l s o atta c h i n g a

m a nu s cr i p t t h at I r

e f e r to i n t h e do c

u m e n t.

D e a nne

F r o m: R am o n N o r m a n [ m a il t o :R a m o n

. N or ma n @ v a ll e y a ir.org ] 

### T o: " R a m on N o r m a n " < R a m on. N o r m a n@v a l l e y a i r .o rg >

cc: < p a u l w ud@ c a l l a t g. c om >

S u b j ec t: m a nu re nu m b e r s P a g e 3 o f 6

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~ w e b3098.h tmS e n t: Mo n d a y , M a r c h 0 8

, 2 0 1 0 1 1 : 3 7 AM

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e y er

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S a n J oa q u i n V a l l e y A i r P o l l u t i o n C o nt r o l D is t r ic t

19 9 0 E

. G ett ys b u r g A v e

F r e s n o, C A 9 37 2 6

- 02 44

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- 59 0 9

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- 60 6 1

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e y e r [ m a il t

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d a v i s

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, M

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e y er

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ame t e r s or P r a c t i c e s t o R e d u c e Em issi o n s f

ro m S il a ge

H i D ea n ne,

I wa s i n a m e et i ng a n d m i s s e d y ou r c a l l

. W e c an t r y t o ta l k on M o n da y

. W h a t t i m e w i l l wo rk we l l fo r y ou?

Ra m on N o r ma n

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S a n J oa q u i n V a l l e y A i r P o l l u t i o n C o nt r o l D is t r ic t

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### P a g e 4 o f 6

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~ w e b3098.h tmF r o m: D ea n n e M e y e r [ m a il t

o : d me y e r @u c

d a v i s

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, M

a r c h 0 5

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ame t e r s or P r a c t i c e s t o R e d u c e Em issi o n s f

ro m S il a ge

H i R a m on, I j us

t t r i e d to c

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y n u t ri t i on e x t

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r e g a r d i n g s il a g e f e r m e n tat i on e t

c.

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ta s k a t b e s t.

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.

W e a r e s t i l l l e a r n i ng qu i te a l ot a bo u t s i l ag e p r o d u c t i o n, b ut f r o m t he l i t e r at u r e th a t I h a v e r e a d d oe s p o i n t to

s u ff i ci ent pa ck i n g ( a n d m o i s t u r e ) a s th e k e y a s pe c t f o r p r o d u c i n g g o od s i l a ge an d p o ten t i a ll y r e d u c i n g e m i s s i o n s

. T he l at e s t r e c om m e n dat i o n s h a v e m o v e d tow a r d m i n i m u m b u l k d en si t y ( r a the r t h a n d r y ma t te r d e n s i t y) to r e du c e

ga s- f i l l e d p o r o s i t y (s ee htt p ://ww w .uw e x

. e d u / c e s / c r o p s / uwf o r a ge / P o r o s i ty

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fa r m e r

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em is s i on s f r o m t h e p il e b y s l o w i ng t r a n s po r t o f g a s e s an d wo u l d l ik e l y r e d u c e t he e th a no l c on c e n t r at i on i n th e

s i l a ge. O u r m a i n qu e s t i o n i s w hat p r a c t i c e s w il l e n s u r e t h at si l a g e p i l e s a r e s u ff i ci ent ly p a c k e d . I n ou r m e e t i n g

we m en t i o n ed th e Un i v e r s i t y of Wi s c o n s i n T e am F o r ag e S p r ea d s h ee t a s a p ot e nt i a l to o l t o e n s u r e a d eq u at e

c o mp a c t i o n of pa ck i n g o f s i l a g e : htt p ://ww w .uw e x

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c u s t o m h a r v e s t e r s to u s e be c a u s e o f th e t i m e c o n s t r a i n t s

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F r o m: D ea n n e M

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r e g a r d i ng t h e u s e of s ila g e i n o c u la n t s . T h e D i s t r ict i s r e s ea r c h i ng s ila g e i n o c u lati on a s a po te n tial m iti g ati o n m ea s u r e t o

r e du ce e m i s s i on s o f V o lat i le O r g a n ic C omp o un d s ( V O C ) f r om d a i r y f

ee d s o ur ce s ( s ila g e p ile s a n d TM R ) b eca u s e t h e late s t

r e s ea r c h s t u d ie s h a v e i n d icate d t h at d ai ry f ee d i s t h e la r g e s t s ou r ce of VO C e m i s s i on s at a d a i r y

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lite r at u r e o n s ila g e i n o c u la n t s a s a m ea n s t o s p ee d t h e d ro p i n p H a n d i n c r ea s e lactic aci d pro d u cti on a nd we w o u l d g r eat l y

a ppr eciate a n y i n f

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, e ff

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, h ete ro lactic b acte r ia

, a dd iti o n of aci d ic m ate r ial

, etc .).

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, a ny i n for m a t i o n y o u h a v e o n pr actice s or p a r a m ete r s t o pro d u ce h i g h- q u alit y s i l a g e ( e

. g

. m o i s t ur e c on te n t

,

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a bou t s ila g e p ro d u cti on a n d m a n a g e m e n t

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a l s o h a v e t h e po te n tial t o r e du ce e m i s s i on s t o t h e at mo s ph e r e ( e

. g

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, m i n i m izi n g y ea s t

, m i n i m izi n g

e t h a no l

, b ette r c o m p acti on

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, g e n e r al i n f orm ati o n

, o r

r e f e r e n ce s t h at y o u m i g h t h a v e on p ro d u ci ng

h i gh q u alit y s i l a g e a r e al s o a p pr eciate d.

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