Pesticide Data Program

Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

United States

Department of 

Agriculture

Agricultural

Marketing

Service

Science and Technology

Programs

Visit the program Web site at: www.ams.usda.gov/pdp

December 2008
United States

Department of 

Agriculture

Marketing and 

Regulatory Programs

Agricultural 

Marketing

Service

1400 Independence Ave.

Washington, DC

20250

December 2008

To the Reader:

I am pleased to present the Pesticide Data Program’s (PDP) 17th Annual Summary, 

which includes data from calendar year 2007. PDP data continue to demonstrate that 

the Nation’s food supply is among the safest in the world.

PDP analyzed 11,683 samples of fresh and processed food commodities in 2007, 

excluding groundwater and drinking water. Overall, the percent of residues detected 

(the number of residues detected divided by the total number of analyses performed 

for each commodity) was 1.9 percent. Over 99 percent of the samples analyzed 

did not contain residues above the safety limits (tolerances) established by the U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and 96.7 percent of the samples analyzed did 

not contain residues for pesticides that had no tolerance established.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture implemented PDP in May 1991. Since then, PDP 

has tested a wide range of commodities in the U.S. food supply. Using a rigorous 

statistical approach to sampling and the most current laboratory methods, PDP has 

tested fresh and processed fruit and vegetables, grains and grain products, milk and 

dairy products, beef, pork, poultry, corn syrup products, honey, pear juice concentrate, 

almonds, barley, oats, rice, peanut butter, bottled water, groundwater, and treated and 

untreated drinking water for pesticide residues. 

PDP data are essential for the implementation of the 1996 Food Quality Protection 

Act that directs the Secretary of Agriculture to collect pesticide residue data on foods 

that are highly consumed by infants and children. EPA uses PDP data as a critical 

component for dietary assessments of pesticide exposure. The extensive and reliable 

PDP results provide realistic exposure information to the EPA assessment process. 

PDP is a partnership with cooperating State agencies that are responsible for sample 

collection and analysis. Twelve States participated in the program during 2007: 

California, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New York, 

Ohio, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. Sound conclusions about the U.S. food 

supply can be drawn from PDP results because together the sampling States represent 

all regions of the country and over half of the Nation’s population.

The format of this Annual Summary is intended to provide the reader with thorough 

and accurate information. A detachable form is included following this letter for your 

comments and suggestions on how we can further improve this summary.

Sincerely,

James E. Link

Administrator

Agricultural Marketing Service

AMS-Agricultural Marketing Service

An Equal Opportunity Provider and Employer

James E. Link
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

iii

Contents

Page No.

Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ vii

Executive Summary...................................................................................................................... ix

Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................................................ xii

Section I--Introduction............................................................................................................... 1

Section II--Sampling Operations............................................................................................... 4

 Background...................................................................................................................... 4

 Fresh and Processed Commodities.................................................................................. 6

 Almonds........................................................................................................................... 9 

 Honey............................................................................................................................... 9

 Heavy Cream................................................................................................................... 11

 Corn Grain....................................................................................................................... 11

 Drinking Water................................................................................................................. 12

Section III--Laboratory Operations......................................................................................... 14

 Overview.......................................................................................................................... 14 

 Fresh and Processed Commodities.................................................................................. 14

 Almonds........................................................................................................................... 15

 Honey............................................................................................................................... 15

 Heavy Cream................................................................................................................... 15

 Corn Grain....................................................................................................................... 16

 Potable Groundwater from Domestic Wells.................................................................... 16

 Municipal Drinking Water............................................................................................... 16

 Formetanate Hydrochloride............................................................................................. 16

 Quality Assurance Program............................................................................................. 17

Section IV--Database Management.......................................................................................... 19

 Electronic Data Path........................................................................................................ 19

 Data Reporting................................................................................................................. 19

Section V--Sample Results and Discussion.............................................................................. 21

 Sample Results................................................................................................................ 21

 Import vs. Domestic Residue Comparisons.................................................................... 23

 National Estimates........................................................................................................... 24

 Postharvest Applications................................................................................................. 24

 Special Projects............................................................................................................... 25

 Potable Groundwater from Domestic Wells.................................................................... 25

 Municipal Drinking Water............................................................................................... 25

 Environmental Contaminants........................................................................................... 26

 Multiple Pesticide Residue Detections............................................................................. 27

 Tolerance Violations......................................................................................................... 28
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

v

Figures Page No.

 1 PDP Program Operations Support and Data Users............................................................. 2 

 2 Program Participants........................................................................................................... 3

 3 Commodity Origin.............................................................................................................. 8

 4 Origin of Selected Fresh Commodities: Blueberries, Peaches and Summer Squash.......... 10

 5 Number of Samples Collected and Grower States for Corn Grain..................................... 11

 6 Location of Groundwater Collection Sites in 2007............................................................. 12

 7 Location of Drinking Water Collection Sites at Community Water Systems in 2007........ 13

 8 PDP Data Pathway............................................................................................................... 20

Tables

 1 PDP Commodity Collection Schedule for 2007.................................................................. 5 

 2 Distribution of Samples Collected and Analyzed by Each Participating State................... 7

 3 Number of Samples Analyzed and Summary of Results per Commodity.......................... 22

Appendices A-N

 Appendix A Commodity History

 Appendix B Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Fruit and Vegetables

 Appendix C Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Almonds

 Appendix D Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Honey

 Appendix E Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Heavy Cream

 Appendix F Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Corn Grain

 Appendix G Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Groundwater

 Appendix H Distribution of Residues by Pesticide in Drinking Water

 Appendix I Sample Origin by State or Country

 Appendix J Import vs. Domestic Pesticide Residue Comparisons

 Appendix K National Estimates for Concentration Percentiles vs. Tolerance

 Appendix L Cumulative Distributions of Residues for Selected Pesticide/Commodity Pairs

 Appendix M Number of Pesticides Detected per Sample

 Appendix N Fruit and Vegetable Samples Reported to FDA as Exceeding the

 Tolerance or Without Established Tolerance
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

vii

Acknowledgements

The States participating in the Pesticide Data 

Program (PDP) deserve special recognition for 

their contributions to the program. The dedication and fl exibility of sample collectors allow 

the Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) to 

adjust sampling protocols when responding to 

changing trends in commodity distribution and 

availability. PDP acknowledges the contributions 

of the State laboratories, the U.S. Department of 

Agriculture’s (USDA) AMS National Science 

Laboratory, the Grain Inspection, Packers, and 

Stockyards Administration Laboratory and 

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 

Analytical Chemistry Laboratory in providing 

testing services to the program, and the National 

Agricultural Statistics Service for providing 

statistical support. PDP also acknowledges the 

exceptional support of the Health Effects Division 

staff of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

Offi ce of Pesticide Programs, in helping set the 

direction for PDP. 

 

Data presented in this report were collected and 

processed through the efforts of the following 

organizations:

Program Administration

Agricultural Marketing Service

Science and Technology Programs

1400 Independence Ave., SW

South Building, Mail Stop 0270

Washington, DC 20250

Deputy Administrator

Science & Technology Programs 

Robert L. Epstein

(202) 720-5231, Facsimile (202) 720-6496

Monitoring Programs Offi ce

8609 Sudley Rd., Suite 206

Manassas, VA 20110

Director: Martha Lamont

(703) 330-2300 x117, Facsimile (703) 369-0678

Deputy Director: Diana Haynes

(703) 330-2300 x134, Facsimile (703) 369-0678

Electronic-mail Address:

amsmpo.data@usda.gov

Web Site:

http://www.ams.usda.gov/pdp

Participating State Agencies

California Department of Food and Agriculture

California Department of Pesticide Regulation

Colorado Department of Agriculture

Florida Department of Agriculture and

 Consumer Services

Maryland Department of Agriculture

Michigan Department of Agriculture

Minnesota Department of Agriculture

Montana Department of Agriculture

New York Department of Agriculture and 

 Markets

Ohio Department of Agriculture

Texas Department of Agriculture

Washington State Department of Agriculture

Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, 

 and Consumer Protection

Participating Laboratories

California Department of Food and Agriculture

Division of Inspection Services

Center for Analytical Chemistry

3292 Meadowview Rd.

Sacramento, CA 95832

 

Colorado Department of Agriculture

Inspection & Consumer Services Division

Laboratory Section

2331 West 31st Ave.

Denver, CO 80211-3859

Florida Department of Agriculture and

 Consumer Services

Chemical Residue Laboratory

Building #3

3125 Conner Blvd.

Tallahassee, FL 32399-1650
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

viii

Michigan Department of Agriculture

Laboratory Division

1615 South Harrison Rd.

East Lansing, MI 48823-5224

Minnesota Department of Agriculture

Laboratory Services Division

601 N. Robert St.

St. Paul, MN 55155-2531

Montana Department of Agriculture

Laboratory Bureau

McCall Hall, Montana State University

Bozeman, MT 59717

New York Department of Agriculture 

 And Markets

Food Laboratory

1220 Washington Ave.

State Offi ce Campus, Bldg. 7

Albany, NY 12235

Ohio Department of Agriculture

Consumer Analytical Laboratory

8995 East Main St.

Reynoldsburg, OH 43068

Texas Department of Agriculture

Pesticide Laboratory

1500 Research Parkway, Ste. B100

College Station, TX 77845

United States Department of Agriculture

Grain Inspection, Packers & Stockyards 

 Administration

Technical Services Division

10383 North Ambassador Dr.

Kansas City, MO 64153-1394

United States Department of Agriculture

Agricultural Marketing Service

National Science Laboratory

801 Summit Crossing Pl.

Gastonia, NC 28054

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Analytical Chemistry Laboratory

701 Mapes Road

Fort Meade, MD 20755-5350

Washington State Department of Agriculture

Chemical and Hop Laboratory

21 N. 1st Ave., Ste. 106

Yakima, WA 98902
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

ix

Executive Summary

In 1991, the U.S. Department of Agriculture 

(USDA) Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) 

was charged with designing and implementing 

the Pesticide Data Program (PDP) to collect data 

on pesticide residues in food. This 17th summary 

presents results for samples collected in 2007.

Program Operations: AMS, through its Monitoring Programs Offi ce (MPO), oversees the planning and policy development for PDP. MPO meets 

regularly with the U.S. Environ mental Protection 

Agency (EPA) and other stakeholders (e.g., industry and grower groups) to establish program priorities and direction. Participating States have a 

prominent role in program planning activities and 

policy estab lishment, particularly policies relating 

to Quality Assurance (QA). The USDA National 

Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) provides 

sampling support to PDP and statistically reliable 

data on chemical usage at the State level and collects economic data that link chemical usage with 

economic characteristics. 

Data Uses: PDP data are used primarily by EPA 

to prepare realistic pesticide dietary exposures 

to continue pesticide re-registration activities in 

accordance with the 1996 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) and ongoing registration review responsibilities. PDP provides high-quality 

data on residues in food, particularly foods most 

likely consumed by infants and children, including minor crops. Minor crops are those grown on 

300,000 acres or less in the U.S. – for example, 

many fruit and vegetable crops are defi ned as minor crops.

PDP data are also used by the U.S. Food and Drug 

Administration (FDA), USDA’s Eco nomic Research Service (ERS) and Foreign Agricultural 

Service (FAS), participating States, academic institutions, chemical manu facturers, environmental interest groups, food safety organizations, and 

groups within the private sector representing food 

producers. PDP data are used by the U.S. Government and the agricultural community to examine 

pesticide residue issues affecting agricultural practices, integrated pest management and U.S. trade, 

particularly in the competitive global market. PDP 

also provides data to support technical activities for 

the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues.

Risk Assessment: In estimating the potential risks 

of consumption of pesticide residues from food, 

EPA uses a step-wise tiered approach. As a fi rst 

step, EPA may use a conservative, worst-case scenario and assume that a pesticide is applied to the 

fullest extent permitted by the pesticide label; that 

is, on every acre of each approved crop at the maximum rate and frequency allowed. EPA may also 

assume that residues on treated crops are present 

at the maximum allowable level. Exposure estimates based on such assumptions are likely to signifi cantly exceed actual exposure. When an initial 

assessment indicates a potential risk, EPA refi nes 

its assessment using more realistic exposure data. 

Refi nements may include the use of additional 

data such as: (1) the percent of a crop treated with 

a pesticide; (2) studies of the effects of washing, 

cooking, processing, and storage; and (3) residue 

monitoring data. During the refi nements of this exposure assessment, PDP data can be pivotal. PDP 

sampling procedures were designed to capture residues in the food supply as close as possible to the 

time of consumption. PDP concentrates its efforts 

to provide realistic pesticide residue data on foods 

that are most often consumed by infants and children and incorporates recommendations made in 

1993 by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) 

in its report “Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and 

Children.”

Participants: In 2007, sampling and/or testing 

program operations were carried out with the support of 12 States: California, Colorado, Florida, 

Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New 

York, Ohio, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. 

Grain sampling was performed by USDA’s Federal 

Grain Inspection Service (FGIS). Three Federal 

laboratories also provided testing services: USDA’s 

AMS National Science Laboratory, USDA’s Grain 

Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration 

(GIPSA) Laboratory, and U.S. EPA’s Analytical 

Chemistry Laboratory. Participating water utilities 

provided drinking water samples which were test-
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

x

ed by the Colorado, Montana, and New York State 

laboratories. Groundwater samples from domestic 

wells were collected by homeowners and tested by 

the Minnesota laboratory. MPO is responsible for 

administering the program, coordinating sampling 

activities, directing tech nical performance issues 

and quality assurance measures, and managing database activities. 

Sampling: PDP commodity sampling is based on 

a rigorous statistical design which ensures that the 

data are reliable for use in exposure assessments 

and that they can be used to draw various conclusions about the Nation’s food supply. Pesticides 

and commodities included each year in PDP are selected based on EPA data needs and on information 

about the types and amounts of food consumed by 

infants and children. Fruit and vegetable, almond, 

honey, and heavy cream samples collected by each 

of the 10 sampling States (California, Colorado, 

Florida, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Ohio, 

Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin) are apportioned 

according to that State’s popula tion. Samples are 

randomly chosen close to the time and point of 

consumption (i.e., distribution centers rather than 

at farmgate) and refl ect what is typically available 

to the consumer through out the year. Samples are 

selected without regard to country of origin, variety, or organic labeling. The monthly sampling rate 

is 62 samples per commodity, except for highly 

seasonal commodities. For seasonal commodi ties, 

sampling rates are adjusted to refl ect market availability. Sampling rates for grain are based on production.

Results: During 2007, PDP tested fresh and processed fruit and vegetables, almonds, honey, heavy 

cream, corn grain, groundwater, and treated (fi nished) and untreated drinking water for various 

insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and growth 

regulators. Of the 12,689 total samples collected 

and analyzed, 9,734 were fruit and vegetable commodities including apple juice, bananas, blueberries (fresh/frozen), broccoli, carrots, celery, cherries, green beans, greens (collard/kale), nectarines, 

peaches, frozen potatoes, raisins, summer squash, 

and tomatoes. PDP also tested 361 almond, 186 

honey, 742 heavy cream, 660 corn grain, 272 

groundwater, and 734 treated (fi nished) and untreated drinking water samples.

Excluding corn grain, groundwater, and drinking 

water samples, which were all from U.S. sources, 

approximately 73.4 percent of all samples tested 

were from U.S. sources, 24.2 percent were imports, 

1.1 percent were of mixed origin, and 1.3 percent 

were of unknown origin. Approximately 16 percent of the apple juice samples and 28 percent of 

the honey samples were of mixed national origin. 

Of the 11,683 samples of fresh and processed commodities (excludes groundwater and drinking water) analyzed, the overall percentage of total residue detections was 1.9 percent. The percent of 

total residue detections is obtained by comparing 

the total number of residues detected and the total number of analyses performed for each commodity. The percentage of total residue detections 

for fresh fruit and vegetables ranged from 0.8-3.8 

percent, with a mean of 2.2 percent. The percentage of total residue detections for processed fruit 

and vegetables ranged from 0.6-2.2 percent, with a 

mean of 1.3 percent. The percentage of total residue detections for almonds was 2.0 percent, for 

honey was 0.4 percent, for heavy cream was 1.1 

percent, and for corn grain was 0.8 percent.

For samples containing residues, the vast majority 

of the detections were well below established tolerances and/or action levels. Before allowing the use 

of a pesticide on food crops, EPA sets a tolerance, 

or maximum residue limit, which is the amount of 

pesticide residue allowed to remain in or on each 

treated food commodity1

. Established tolerances 

are listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 

40, Part 180. In setting the tolerance, EPA must 

make a safety fi nding that the pesticide can be used 

with “reasonable certainty of no harm” and that 

residues at (or below) the tolerance are safe1. The 

reporting of residues present at levels below the established tolerance serves to ensure and verify the 

safety of existing pesticide uses and the nation’s 

food supply.

In addition, excluding groundwater and treated 

and untreated drinking water, 23 percent of all 

samples tested contained no detectable pesticides 

[parent compound and metabolite(s) combined], 

30 percent contained 1 pesticide, and 47 percent 

1 See reference http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/

stprf.htm.
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

xi

contained more than 1 pesticide. Low levels of 

environmental contaminants were detected in 

broccoli, carrots, celery, green beans, collard and 

kale greens, summer squash, and heavy cream 

at concentrations well below levels that trigger 

regulatory actions. 

Excluding samples for which no tolerances are set 

(groundwater and treated/untreated drinking water), residues exceeding the tolerance were detected 

in 0.4 percent (49 samples) of the 11,683 samples 

tested in 2007 – 45 with one residue exceeding, 3 

with 2 residues exceeding, and 1 with 4 residues 

exceeding. Residues with no established tolerance 

were found in 3.3 percent (386 samples) of the 

11,683 samples (356 samples with 1 residue each, 

28 samples with 2 residues each, and 2 samples 

with 3 residues each). In most cases, these residues 

were detected at very low levels and some residues 

might have resulted from spray drift or crop rotations. PDP communi cates these fi ndings to FDA 

when they are reported by testing laboratories.

For groundwater, 50 percent of the 74 collection 

sites contained low levels of detectable residues, 

measured in parts per trillion. Twenty-seven different pesticide residues (including metabolites) were 

detected in groundwater.

In fi nished drinking water, PDP detected low levels 

(measured in parts per trillion) of some pesticides, 

primarily widely used herbicides and their metabolites. Forty-six different residues were detected in 

the fi nished drinking water and 52 residues were 

detected in the untreated intake water. The majority of pesticides, metabolites, and isomers included 

in the PDP testing profi les were not detected. None 

of the detections in the fi nished water samples exceeded established EPA Maximum Contami nant 

Levels (MCLs) or Health Advisory (HA) levels or 

established Freshwater Aquatic Organism (FAO) 

criteria.

What Consumers Should Know: The purpose of 

PDP is to provide EPA with information about the 

level of pesticides being indirectly consumed by 

the general public through foods. This information 

is used to assist EPA in establishing and reviewing the effectiveness of existing pesticide residue 

limits to protect public health. The PDP program 

is required by law to focus on products frequently 

consumed by infants and children.

PDP laboratory operations are designed to detect 

the smallest levels of pesticide residues possible, 

even when those levels are well below the safety 

margins established by EPA. It is important to 

note that the mere presence of a pesticide on food 

does not indicate the food is unsafe. In 2007, PDP 

analyzed 11,683 samples of fresh and processed 

food commodities (excluding ground water and 

treated and untreated drinking water). Overall, 

the percent of residues detected (the number of 

residues detected divided by the total number of 

analyses performed for each commodity) was 1.9 

percent. Over 99 percent of the samples analyzed 

did not contain residues above the safety limits 

(tolerances) established by EPA and 96.7 percent 

of the samples analyzed did not contain residues 

for pesticides that had no tolerance established.

Of the samples collected and analyzed in 2007, 64 

percent were fresh fruits and vegetables. Many of 

these are often eaten in a fresh, raw state. Health 

experts and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 

agree that washing fresh fruit and vegetables before 

eating is a healthful habit. Consumers can reduce and 

often eliminate pesticide residues if they are present 

by washing them with cool or lukewarm tap water.

Data Availability: PDP continuously strives to improve methods for the collection, testing, and reporting of data. These data are freely available to 

EPA and other Federal and State agencies charged 

with regulating and setting policies on the use of 

pesticides. They also are available to all stakeholders by hard copy, Internet, or custom reports generated by MPO. Additional copies of the PDP Annual Summary may be obtained by calling MPO 

at (703) 330-2300 or by mailing the form provided at the end of this report. This publication, the 

PDP database fi le for 2007, and annual summaries 

and database fi les for previous years are available 

on the PDP Web site at www.ams.usda.gov/pdp.
Acronyms and Abbreviations

% C.V. Percent Coeffi cient of Variation

ACB Analytical Chemistry Branch

ACL Analytical Chemistry Laboratory

AMS Agricultural Marketing Service

BQL Below Quantifi able Level

EMRL Extraneous Maximum Residue Limit

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ERS Economic Research Service

ESA Ethane Sulfonic Acid

e-SIF Electronic-Sample Information Form

FAO Freshwater Aquatic Organism

FAS Foreign Agricultural Service

FDA Food and Drug Administration

FGIS Federal Grain Inspection Service

FSIS Food Safety and Inspection Service

FQPA Food Quality Protection Act

GC Gas Chromatography

GIPSA Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration

GLP Good Laboratory Practices

HA Health Advisory

HC1 Formetanate Hydrochloride

LC Liquid Chromatography

LOD Limit of Detection

LOQ Limit of Quantitation

MCL Maximum Contaminant Level

MPO Monitoring Programs Offi ce

MRM Multiresidue Method

MS Mass Spectrometry

Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

xii
NASS National Agricultural Statistics Service

NSL National Science Laboratory

OA Oxanilic Acid

PDP Pesticide Data Program

PT Profi ciency Testing

QA Quality Assurance

QAO Quality Assurance Offi cer

QAU Quality Assurance Unit

QC Quality Control

RDE Remote Data Entry

SIF Sample Information Form

SOP Standard Operating Procedure

SPE Solid Phase Extraction

SSL Secure Sockets Layer

TPM Technical Program Manager

USDA United States Department of Agriculture

USGS United States Geological Survey

Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

xiii
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

1

Pesticide Data Program (PDP)

Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

This summary consists of the following sections: (I.) Introduction, (II.) Sampling Operations, 

(III.) Laboraotry Operations, (IV.) Database Management, and (V.) Sample Results and Discussion

I. Introduction

The Pesticide Data Program (PDP), which was 

initiated in 1991 to collect data on pesticide 

residues in food, now has an important role in 

the implementation of the 1996 Food Quality 

Protection Act (FQPA). This law directs the 

Secretary of Agriculture to collect pesticide 

residue data on commodities most frequently 

consumed by infants and children. PDP data 

are used primarily by the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA) to assess dietary 

exposure during the review of the safety of 

existing pesticide tolerances (Maximum Residue 

Limits). 

Because PDP collects data on food commodities primarily for exposure assessment, program 

operations differ markedly from those followed 

by regulatory monitoring programs for tolerance 

enforcement. PDP samples are collected closer 

to the point of consumption and are prepared 

emulating consumer practices. Sampling is 

based on EPA data needs and does not impede 

commodity distribution. Labora tory operations 

are designed to achieve the lowest detectable 

levels rather than quick sample turnaround. As 

a dietary risk assess ment support program, PDP 

focuses its pesticide testing on registered uses 

for the commodities in the program rather than 

screening for all potential illegal uses.

Figure 1(a) illustrates PDP program policy 

development and planning operations. Primary 

contributors to these activities include the 

participating States, EPA, USDA’s National 

Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), and 

additional stakeholders including industry and 

grower groups. Figure 1(b) depicts PDP primary data users including EPA, the U.S. Food 

and Drug Administration (FDA), USDA’s 

Economic Research Service (ERS) and Foreign 

Agricultural Service (FAS), participating States, 

academic institutions, chemical manufacturers, 

environmental interest groups, food safety 

organizations, and groups within the private 

sector representing food producers. Other 

Federal, State and foreign govern ment agencies 

and industry have used PDP data to promote 

the export of U.S. commodities to international 

markets. Additionally, the Codex Alimen tarius 

Committee on Pesticides Residues recognizes 

PDP methodologies as offi cial and validated 

methods for the determination of pesticide 

residues in foods.

In 2007, sampling services were provided by 10 

States (California, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, 

Michigan, New York, Ohio, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin) and the USDA Grain 

Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration (GIPSA). Sampling services also were 

provided by participating drinking water facility 

personnel at 16 individual sites in 13 States 

[Alabama (2 sites), Arizona, Florida, Georgia, 

Indiana, Iowa, Maryland (2 sites), Minnesota, 

Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, South Carolina, 

and Texas] and the District of Columbia. In 

addition, a voluntary groundwater survey was 

initiated in 2007 with homeowners at 74 sites 

in agricultural areas throughout the nation 

collecting domestic well samples for analysis. 

Laboratory services were provided by the States 

of California, Colorado, Florida, Michigan, 

Minnesota, Montana, New York, Ohio, Texas, and 

Washington; the Agricultural Marketing Service 

(AMS) National Science Laboratory (NSL); the 

GIPSA Laboratory; and, the U.S. EPA Analytical 

Chemistry Laboratory. The AMS Monitoring 

Programs Offi ce (MPO) is responsible for overall 

management of PDP.

Figure 2 shows the States that participate in 

program sampling and/or testing as well as 

the States in their direct distribution network. 

Together, these States represent about 50 percent 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

2

Figure 1. PDP Program Operations Support and Data Users. This fi gure illustrates (a) agencies/groups 

that support PDP program policy and planning activities, and (b) agencies/groups that use PDP data. 

Program Operations

Participating 

States

National

Agricultural Statistics 

Service

Industry and

Grower Groups

Environmental

Protection

Agency

N

Agricul

ns

(a) PDP Policy and Planning Contributions

Data

Food and Drug Environmental Administration

Protection Agency

Academic 

Institutions

Agricultural 

Industry

Foreign Agricultural 

Service

Economic 

Research Service

Chemical Manufacturers, 

Environmental Interest 

Groups, Food Safety 

Organizations

CODEX

Other 

Government 

Agencies

Participating 

States

C

G ata

nom

ch Se

E

R

Fo

ce

(b) PDP Data Users
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

3

of the Nation’s population and all 4 census 

regions of the U.S. These States also represent 

major producers of fruit and vegetables in the 

U.S. AMS works closely with EPA to select 

commodities and pesticides for testing and 

in the selection of drinking water sites. The 

commodities selected are those represent ing the 

highest U.S. consumption, with an emphasis 

on foods consumed by infants and children. 

Appendix A provides a list of com modities tested 

by PDP from the beginning of the program in 

1991 through 2008.

Fruit and vegetable samples are collected at 

terminal markets and large chain store distribution centers from which food commodities are 

supplied to supermarkets and grocery stores. 

Sampling at these locations allows for residue 

measurements that include pesticides applied 

during crop production and those applied after 

harvest (such as fungicides and growth regulators) 

and takes into account residue degradation while 

food commodities are in storage. Participation 

as a PDP sampling site is voluntary, which sets 

it apart from State and Federal enforcement 

programs. In 2007, more than 650 sites granted 

access and provided information, including 

site volume data, to sample collectors. This 

voluntary cooperation is important to PDP and 

makes it possible to adjust sampling protocols in 

response to fl uctuations in food distribution and 

production. 

Figure 2. Program Participants. During 2007, AMS established cooperative agreements with 12 States to 

sample and/or test PDP commodities. State laboratories are responsible for analyzing fresh and processed fruit 

and vegetable samples and drinking water samples. The Federal laboratory in Gastonia, North Carolina, analyzes 

meat, poultry, honey, and dairy products; the Federal laboratory in Kansas City, Missouri, analyzes whole and 

processed grain products; and, the Federal laboratory in Fort Meade, Maryland, performs specialty analyses 

for selected crops. States that do not participate in PDP’s sampling program but are in the direct distribution 

networks of the participating States also are shown. 

Washington

California

Colorado

Texas

Ohio

Wisconsin

New York

Florida

Virginia

New Jersey

Maryland

Massachusetts

Connecticut

Vermont

Delaware

Michigan

Oklahoma

Wyoming

Idaho

Nevada

New

Mexico

Hawaii

Alaska

Participating State

States where produce is directly 

marketed from Participating States

Location of Participating State (white stars) and 

Federal Laboratories (black stars)

Missouri

North Carolina

Montana Minnesota

Testing Services Only
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

4

Whole grain samples are collected by trained 

USDA Federal Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) 

inspectors. Treated and untreated drinking water 

samples are collected on-site by trained personnel 

at selected water treatment facilities across the 

country. Groundwater samples are collected from 

private domestic wells by homeowners that have 

been selected based on their geographic locale and 

their location in an agricultural area.

Pesticides screened by PDP include those with 

current registered uses and compounds for which 

toxicity data and preliminary estimates of dietary 

exposure indicate the need for more extensive 

residue data. PDP also monitors pesticides for 

which EPA has modifi ed use direc tions (i.e., 

reduced application rates or fre quency) as part 

of risk management activities. The following 

appendices list the specifi c pesti cides tested in 

the program: fruit and vegetables (Appendix B), 

almonds (Appendix C), honey (Appendix D), 

heavy cream (Appendix E), corn grain (Appendix 

F), groundwater (Appendix G), and drinking water 

(Appendix H).

II. Sampling Operations

♦ Background

The goal of the PDP sampling program is to obtain 

a statistically defensible representation of the U.S. 

food supply. PDP data refl ect actual pesticide 

residue exposure from food. Using a rigorous 

statistical design, PDP has developed extensive 

procedures to ensure that samples are randomly 

selected from the national food distribution 

system and refl ect what is typically available to 

the consumer.

Fruit, vegetables, almonds, heavy cream, and 

honey are randomly collected by trained State 

inspectors at terminal markets and large chain 

store distribution centers throughout the country. 

Surrogate or “proxy” sites (retail markets) are 

occasionally used to collect these samples when the 

commodity of interest is unavailable at a terminal 

market or distribution center. In these instances, 

the commodity is selected in the rear storage area of 

the retail facility so that possible contamination 

by the consumer is eliminated and to allow 

capture of sample information from the product 

boxes. In 2007, 8.8 percent of fruit, vegetable, 

almond, heavy cream, and honey samples were 

collected at proxy sites. The commodities most 

often collected at these facilities were almonds, 

heavy cream, and processed commodities. 

Corn grain samples are collected from trains, 

trucks, and barges by trained USDA’s Federal 

Grain Inspection Service (FGIS) inspectors. 

Treated and untreated drinking water samples 

are collected on-site by trained personnel at 

selected water treatment facilities across the 

country. Potable groundwater samples are 

collected from private domestic wells by the 

well owners. Participation in this program 

is voluntary with site selections based on 

agricultural chemical usage in the watershed 

and geographic location.

At all sampling locations, information is 

usually available about the identity and origin 

of the sample. Sample information is captured 

at the time of sample collection for inclusion 

in the PDP database. PDP sample origin 

data identify the State or country where the 

commodity was produced. A comparison of 

PDP sample origin data to State production and 

import data by USDA’s NASS shows that PDP 

sampling is representative of the U.S. food 

supply. PDP sampling operations are adjusted 

according to product availability. The number 

of fruit, vegetable, almond, heavy cream, and 

honey samples collected in each participating 

State is determined by State population. The 

number and location of collected corn samples 

are determined by annual domestic production 

fi gures. The number and location of drinking 

water samples from water treatment facilities 

are determined by EPA pesticide registration 

information needs. Each local watershed has its 

own unique characteristics; therefore, sample 

collection for this commodity is not intended 

to refl ect national trends. In this case, PDP 

collects samples in areas where it is known 

that targeted pesticides are heavily used. The 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

5

number and location of groundwater samples are 

determined based on geographic region, location 

in an agricultural area, and the willingness of 

the well owners to participate in the program. 

The quarterly collection schedule for all 2007 

commodities is shown in Table 1.

PDP State sample collectors are trained to 

adhere to detailed program Standard Operating 

Procedures (SOPs) that provide criteria for site 

selection and specifi c instructions for sample 

selection, shipping and handling, and chain-ofcustody. SOPs are updated as needed and serve 

as a technical reference in conducting program 

sampling reviews to ensure that program goals 

and objectives are met. SOPs for PDP sampling 

are available on the Internet at www.ams.usda. 

gov/pdp. 

Temperature-sensitive samples are packed in 

heavy-duty, temperature-controlled containers. 

Holding temperatures are preserved throughout 

transit time with the inclusion of ample frozen 

cold packs and insulating materials. Nontemperature-sensitive samples do not require 

temperature-controlled containers; however, 

they are shipped in heavy-duty, well-cushioned 

containers. Samples are shipped the same day 

Commodity Jan-Mar Apr-Jun Jul-Sep Oct-Dec End Date

Almonds Mar-08

Apple Juice Jun-08

Bananas Dec-07

Blueberries * Dec-08

Broccoli Sep-08

Carrots Dec-07

Celery Dec-08

Cherries Sep-07

Corn Grain ** Sep-08

Green Beans Dec-08

Greens, Collard Sep-08

Greens, Kale Sep-08

Heavy Cream Dec-07

Honey Sep-08

Nectarines Dec-08

Peaches Sep-08

Potatoes, Frozen Dec-07

Raisins Jun-07

Squash, Summer Sep-08

Tomatoes Dec-08

Water, Finished Ongoing

Water, Ground Ongoing

Water, Untreated Ongoing

* Blueberries were fresh, however, approximately 3 percent were collected as frozen when fresh 

were not available.

** Corn grain was collected in the 2006 Crop Year (September 2006-June 2007). Collection 

continues for the remainder of the year for the 2007 crop year (not shown here).

Table 1. PDP Commodity Collection Schedule for 2007. Samples most often are collected for 

a 2-year time period. Commodities are initiated or terminated in different quarters of the year, so 

that new commodities are not brought into the program all at the same time. This table illustrates 

time ranges for the listed commodities. See Appendix A for the complete PDP commodity history 

from May 1991 through December 2008.
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

6

as collection by overnight delivery to preserve 

sample integrity. Corn samples are collected in 

pesticide-free polyethylene bags and are shipped 

in canvas pouches or boxes to the laboratory 

where the samples are refrigerated pending 

analysis. Raw intake and treated drinking 

water samples from water treatment plants and 

groundwater samples collected by well owners 

are collected in specially prepared bottles 

containing dechlorinat ing agents to halt any 

potential compound degradation, packed with 

proper cushioning and cold packs, and shipped 

the same day as collection to their respective 

laboratory by overnight delivery. 

Electronic Sample Information Forms (e-SIFs) 

are used for chain-of-custody and to capture 

information needed to characterize the sample. 

Sample collectors use handheld or laptop 

computers in the fi eld to record sample identifi cation information such as: (1) State of sample 

collection, (2) collection date, (3) sampling 

site code, (4) commodity code, and (5) testing 

laboratory code. Information from these fi ve 

data elements is combined to form a unique 

PDP sample identifi cation number for each 

sample. Other available information about each 

sample is also recorded, such as collector name, 

the State or country of origin, product variety, 

production claims such as organic, post-harvest 

chemical applications, and grower, packer, and/

or distributor locations. The e-SIFs are e-mailed 

the same day as sample collection or, at the 

latest, by 8:00 a.m. the morning after collection 

to ensure that sample information is received 

at each laboratory by the time samples arrive 

for analysis. Refer to Section IV on Database 

Management for more information on the e-SIF 

system. 

♦ Fresh and Processed Commodities 

Of all samples collected and analyzed in 2007, 

77 percent (9,734 of 12,689) were fruit and 

vegetables, including fresh and processed 

prod ucts. The fresh commodities collected 

for PDP were bananas, blueberries, broccoli, 

carrots, celery, cherries, green beans, greens 

(collard greens and kale), nectarines, peaches, 

summer squash, and tomatoes. The processed 

commodities included apple juice, frozen 

blueberries, frozen potatoes, and raisins. All fresh 

fruit and vegetable samples weighed either 3 or 5 

pounds (3 pounds were collected for low-weight 

commodities such as cherries and greens), and 

5 pounds were collected for larger, high-weight 

commodities (such as bananas and tomatoes). 

For commodities that can be quite large (such 

as summer squash), a minimum of two units 

were collected to maintain sample representativeness. The weights or volumes of processed 

commodities varied by commodity: apple juice 

– 1 quart, frozen blueberries – 1 pound, frozen 

potatoes – 3 pounds, and raisins - 15 ounces. 

Participating State agencies compile and maintain lists of sampling sites. The States provide 

AMS and NASS with annual volume information for commodities distributed at each site. 

This information is used to weight the site to 

determine the probability for sample selection. 

For example, a weight of 10 may be given to a 

site that distributes 100,000 pounds of produce 

annually and a weight of 1 is given to a site 

that distributes 10,000 pounds. The probabilityproportionate-to-size method of site selection 

then results in the larger site being 10 times more 

likely to be selected for sampling than the smaller 

site. 

Participating States work with NASS to develop 

statistical procedures for site weighting and 

selection. States are also given the option to 

have NASS perform their quarterly site selection. 

The number of sampling sites and the volume 

of produce distributed by the sites vary greatly 

between States. Sampling plans that include 

sampling dates, sites (primary and alternate), 

targeted commodities, and testing laboratories 

are prepared by each State on a quarterly basis. 

Collection of commodities is randomly assigned 

to weeks of the month, prior to selection of 

specifi c sampling dates within a week. Because 

sampling sites are selected for an entire quarter, 

States may assign the sites to particular months 

based on geographic location.
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

7

State population fi gures are used to assign the 

number of fruit and vegetable samples scheduled 

for collection each month. These population- and 

distribution-network-based numbers result in the 

following monthly collection assignments for 

each State: Califor nia, 14; Colorado, 2; Florida, 

7; Maryland, 4; Michigan, 6; New York, 9; Ohio, 

6; Texas, 8; Washington, 4; and Wisconsin, 2. 

This schedule results in a monthly target of 62 

samples per commodity, or 744 samples per 

commodity per year.

The total number of samples collected in each 

State for each commodity is listed in Table 2. 

Figure 2 illustrates the participating collection 

States and the laboratories to which samples 

were shipped. The total number of samples 

per commodity and the percentage of each that 

State BB BN BR CE CH CR GB GK GL NE PC SS TO

Total 

Fresh

California 162 168 162 167 102 169 166 79 87 123 120 168 166 1,839

Colorado 24 24 24 24 16 24 25 9 16 16 18 24 24 268

Florida 83 84 84 84 48 84 84 36 48 70 74 84 84 947

Maryland 70 72 72 72 40 72 72 50 22 55 54 72 72 503

Michigan 70 72 72 72 40 72 72 50 22 55 54 72 72 795

New York 104 108 108 108 61 108 108 67 41 91 87 108 108 1,207

Ohio 70 72 72 70 38 73 71 34 35 49 47 72 72 775

Texas 94 96 96 96 56 96 95 43 53 74 72 96 96 1,063

Washington 43 48 47 47 27 47 48 37 11 38 34 48 47 522

Wisconsin 16 24 24 24 11 24 25 14 10 15 18 24 24 253

TOTAL 711 744 736 739 419 744 739 386 353 563 555 742 741 8,172

State AC BZ PZ RA

Total 

Processed

Total Fresh & 

Proccessed 

F&V

California 83 2 179 84 348 2,187

Colorado 12 0 24 12 48 316

Florida 42 1 96 42 181 1,128

Maryland 23 0 64 24 111 614

Michigan 35 2 72 36 145 940

New York 54 4 108 54 220 1,427

Ohio 36 0 72 36 144 919

Texas 47 1 107 48 203 1,266

Washington 24 4 48 24 100 622

Wisconsin 12 8 30 12 62 315

TOTAL 368 22 800 372 1,562 9,734

Nut 

Product 

AL

Dairy 

Product 

CM HY

83 166 42

12 24 6

42 84 21

15 48 12

36 72 18

54 108 27

36 72 18

48 96 24

23 48 12

12 24 6

361 742 186

Commodity Legend

AJ = Apple Juice CH = Cherries NE = Nectarines

AL = Almonds CM = Heavy Cream PC = Peaches

BB = Blueberries CR = Carrots PZ = Potatoes, Frozen

BN = Bananas GB = Green Beans RA = Raisins

BR = Broccoli GK = Greens, Kale SS = Squash, Summer

BZ = Blueberries, Frozen GL = Greens, Collard TO = Tomatoes

CE = Celery HY = Honey

Table 2. Distribution of Samples Collected and Analyzed by Each Participating State. This table includes 

those commodities collected at terminal markets and distribution centers. The distribution of corn grain, 

groundwater and drinking water can be found in Figures 5, 6, and 7 respectively. 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

8

Bananas (744 Samples) Blueberries (711 Samples) Broccoli (736 Samples)

Carrots (744 Samples) Celery (739 Samples) Cherries (419 Samples)

Green Beans (739 Samples Greens, Collard (86 Sample Greens, Kale (386 Samples

Nectarines (563 Samples) Peaches (555 Samples) Squash, Summer (742 Sam

Tomatoes (741 Samples)

A. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Samples

Bananas (744 Samples)

Nectarines (563 Samples) Peaches (555 Samples)

Green Beans (739 Samples) Greens, Collard (353 Samples) Greens, Kale (386 Samples)

Carrots (744 Samples) Celery (739 Samples) Cherries (419 Samples)

Blueberries (711 Samples) Broccoli (736 Samples)

Squash, Summer (742 Samples)

Tomatoes (741 Samples)

Import 100%

Domestic 44.6%

Import 55.4%

Domestic 79.8%

Domestic 85.0% Domestic 96.1% Domestic 97.4%

Domestic 93.6%

Import 0.3% Import 14.8%

Import 14.9% Import 3.2% Import 2.4%

Import 5.7%

Unknown 0.7%

Unknown 2.3%

Unknown 0.7%

%

Unknown 5.4%

2.4%

Unknown 0.2%

3.2%

Unknown 0.7%

9%

Unknown 0.1%

Unkno

Domestic 64.8%

Domestic 62.4%

Unk

Domestic 61.6% Domestic 65.1%

Domestic 95.5% Domestic 87.1%

Import 32.9%

Import 37.7% Import 34.2% Import 34.9%

0.3% Import 11.1%

Unknown 4.2%

.1%

Unknown 1.8%

4.9%

Unknown 2.7%

7.7%

Unknown 0.7%
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

9

were either domestic, imported, or of unknown 

origin are shown in Figure 3. The origin of some 

fresh commodities can vary greatly throughout 

the year. Graphic examples of this variation can 

be found in Figure 4 where differences in origin 

(domestic vs. import) are depicted for blueberries, 

peaches, and summer squash by month. Fruit and 

vegetable samples originated from 39 States plus 

the District of Columbia and a total of 26 foreign 

countries (refer to Appendix I).

♦ Almonds

Between July and December 2007, 361 almond 

samples were collected for PDP by trained state 

sample collectors and analyzed for pesticide 

residues. One-pound samples were collected 

from routine PDP sampling sites that included 

major chain-store distribution centers and 

terminal markets. When they were not available 

at these sites, almonds were collected from proxy 

sites (retail stores). Approximately 34 percent of 

the almond samples were obtained from proxy 

sites. Only whole, raw, shelled, natural almonds 

were collected; blanched, roasted, salted, smoked, 

fl avored, ground, or slivered almonds were not 

sampled. Analysis was performed by the National 

Science Laboratory located in Gastonia, North 

Carolina. Distribution of residues in almonds 

may be found in Appendix C.

♦ Honey

PDP State samplers collected 186 honey samples 

between Oct. 1 and Dec. 31, 2007. Twelve to 32-

ounce containers of 100-percent pure Grade-A 

honey were collected from routine PDP sampling 

sites that included chain-store distribution centers 

and terminal markets. Approximately 36 percent 

of the samples were collected at proxy sites. 

In addition to the commonly available clover 

honey, other blossom-fl avored honey (such as 

orange blossom and wildfl ower), creamed honey, 

and honey with honeycombs in the jar were 

randomly collected when available. Imitation 

honey (made from rice or corn syrup), solid 

comb honey, honey with added fl avors, and B or 

C grade honey were not included in the collection 

Green Beans

B. Processed Fruit and Vegetable Commodities

Peaches (751 Samples) Raisins (372 Samples)

Peaches (751 Samples)

Domestic 62.8%

Mixed National 16.0%

Import 21.2%

Unknown 2.2% Unknown 0.3%

Import 1.1%

Import 24.9%

Import 18.2%

Unk

Domestic 98.6%

Un

Domestic 72.9%

Domestic 81.8%

Apple Juice (368 Samples)

Potatoes, Frozen (800 Samples) Raisins (372 Samples)

Blueberries, Frozen (22 Samples)

Figure 3. Commodity Origin. This fi gure depicts the proportion of commodity origin (domestic vs. import vs. 

unknown origin) for each fresh and processed fruit and vegetable product tested in 2007.
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAYJUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Figure 4. Origin of Selected Fresh Commodities: Blueberries, Peaches and Summer Squash. Differences 

in origin (domestic vs. import) are illustrated by month. The targeted number of samples is 62 per month for 

each commodity.

Origin of Blueberry Samples

Origin of Peach Samples

Origin of Summer Squash Samples

Domestic Imported Unknown
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

11

scheme. Distribution of residues in honey may 

be found in Appendix D. 

♦ Heavy Cream

PDP collected and analyzed 742 heavy 

cream samples in 2007. Each sample size 

was approximately 8 ounces (1⁄2 pint). Cream 

samples were collected from 20 States 

throughout the country (refer to Appendix I); 

all were of domestic origin. Thirty-four percent 

of the samples were obtained from proxy (or 

retail) sites; the remainder was collected from 

distribution centers, terminal markets, and other 

wholesale outlet centers. Only heavy cream was 

collected; lighter cream that had a fat content less 

than 36 percent was excluded. Fat contents of 

all samples were analyzed to ensure the percent 

of fat was at an acceptable level. Heavy cream 

analysis was performed by the National Science 

Laboratory, located in Gastonia, North Carolina. 

Distribution of residues in heavy cream may be 

found in Appendix E.

♦ Corn Grain

Trained USDA FGIS inspectors collected 660 

corn samples for PDP for the 2006 crop year 

(harvested and shipped between October 2006 

and April 2007). Sample collection rates, on a 

state wide basis, were cal culated on the basis of 

crop production totals averaged over a 3-year 

period. Samples were drawn from trucks (18% 

of samples), hopper cars (66% of samples), and 

barges (16% of samples). Corn grain slated for 

export was excluded from the sampling scheme. 

North Dakota

Virginia Kentucky

Tennessee

Alabama

Kansas

Illinois

Iowa Nebraska

Wisconsin

Minnesota

South Dakota

Mississippi

Louisiana

Texas

Missouri

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

18

24

4

77

5

27

74

9

3

25

53

2

5

20

113

90

66

28

17

Figure 5. Number of Samples collected and Grower States for Corn Grain. A total of 

660 corn grain samples were collected between October 2005 and June 2006. The samples 

originated from 19 States and were collected in proportion to their production volumes. Residue 

testing for all samples was performed by GIPSA, located in Kansas City, MO.

States where more than 

30 samples originated

States where less than 

30 samples originated

GIPSA laboratory - 

Kansas City, Missouri
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

12

PDP chain-of-custody procedures are similar to 

those used for fruit and vegetable samples. Sample 

infor mation for corn included: inspection location, 

inspection point code, fi eld offi ce location, offi cial 

agency collecting the sample, carrier type (truck, 

hopper car, or barge), carrier identifi cation code, 

state of origin, collection date, and inspector’s 

name. Pesticide residue analysis was performed 

by the USDA GIPSA Technical Services Division 

Laboratory located in Kansas City, Missouri. 

Corn samples were collected from 150 cities in 19 

States. There were no imported corn samples; all 

were of domestic origin. The origin and number 

of samples col lected from each State is displayed 

in Figure 5. Distribution of residues in corn grain 

may be found in Appendix F.

♦ Drinking Water

Potable Groundwater from Domestic Wells: 

In 2007, 74 groundwater wells used for potable 

water supplies located in agricultural regions in 

33 States were sampled. Each of the wells was 

sampled quarterly for a period of one year. The 

wells were sampled by the well owner. Sampling 

was performed at the kitchen faucet after morning 

showers to ensure that all the water from the 

pressure tank and any storage tanks were used 

and that the water was fresh from the well and not 

stagnant. It is assumed that most households do 

not spray household pesticides around the kitchen 

faucet; therefore, the chance of contamination is 

minimal. All groundwater samples were sent 

to the Minnesota Department of Agriculture 

laboratory for analysis. The U.S. Geological 

Survey (USGS) divides the contiguous United 

States into roughly 15 groundwater regions. An 

attempt was made to obtain 5 samples per region. 

Because groundwater regions do not follow State 

boundaries, the 33 States from which samples 

were collected roughly represent the 15 regions. 

Well depths ranged from 30 to 850 feet below 

Wyoming

Virginia

Tennessee North Carolina

Alabama

Kansas

Illinois

Missouri

Nebraska

Wisconsin

Minnesota

South Dakota

Mississippi

Louisiana

Texas

Oklahoma

Indiana

Michigan

Ohio

1

2

1

1 2

7

3

2

1 4

2

3

2

Sampled States (# of Sites)

Location of State laboratory 

performing sample analysis

Massachusetts 

Delaware (2)

Connecticut

Maryland (2)

Maine

New York

Vermont

Nevada

Utah

Florida

Georgia

Washington

Oregon

California

4

2

2

4

1

1

1

3

1

1

10

1 1

2

1

1

1

1

Figure 6. Location of Groundwater Collection Sites in 2007. A total of 272 groundwater samples were collected from 74 private wells in 33 States. 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

13

land surface. Figure 6 shows the distribution of 

groundwater collection sites for the 2007 PDP 

testing program.

Municipal Drinking Water: In the municipal 

water sampling project, 737 drinking water 

samples were collected for pesticide residue 

analysis from 13 States and the District of 

Columbia community water systems that draw 

water from surface water sources. Samples were 

collected bi monthly by trained water treatment 

facility personnel and sent to State laboratories in 

Colorado, Montana, and New York for analysis. 

Samples included water collected from both the 

raw water intake and the fi nished drinking water 

(after treatment). The untreated intake water and 

treated water were collected as paired samples, 

taking into account each individual plant’s 

processing time. Dechlorination and preservative chemicals were added to the samples at the 

time of collection. Samples were packed with 

frozen cold packs and shipped overnight to the 

testing laboratories. 

The States and the number of sites in each 

State (in parentheses) from which municipal 

water samples were drawn included Alabama 

(2), Arizona (1), Florida (1), Georgia (1), Iowa 

(1), Indiana (1), Maryland (2), Minnesota (1), 

Missouri (1), Montana (1), New Jersey (1), 

South Carolina (1), Texas (1), and the District 

of Columbia (1). Site selection was made in 

collaboration with EPA’s Offi ce of Pesticide 

Programs and Offi ce of Water. All selected sites 

Figure 7. Location of Drinking Water Collection Sites at Community Water Systems in 2007. 

A total of 16 water treatment facilities in the U.S. were sampled in paired units (coordinated treated 

and untreated samples). Sites represent areas of varied geographical settings but are located in 

watersheds where pesticides were known to have been heavily applied. 

Alabama

Missouri

Iowa

Minnesota

Texas

Indiana

1

1

1

2

1

Sampled States (# of Sites)

Location of State laboratories 

performing sample analysis

New Jersey (1)

Maryland (2)

Montana

Florida

South Carolina Georgia

Arizona

1

1

1

1

1

1

Washington, DC (1)

Colorado

New York
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

14

met the following criteria: (1) use of surface 

water as the primary source of water and (2) 

location in regions of heavy agriculture where 

known amounts of targeted pesticides of interest 

were applied. Water treatment method was not 

a part of the selection criteria. General locations 

of water collection sites and testing laboratories 

are illustrated in Figure 7.

III. Laboratory Operations

♦ Overview

Thirteen laboratories (10 State and 3 Federal) 

performed analyses for PDP. These laboratories 

are equipped with instrumentation capable of 

detecting residues at very low levels. Laboratory 

staff members receive intensive training and 

must demonstrate analytical profi ciency on an 

ongoing basis. Program scientists continuously 

test new technologies and develop new 

techniques to improve the levels of detection. 

Major changes in methodology are evaluated and 

their soundness demonstrated and documented 

in accordance with PDP SOPs.

♦ Fresh and Processed Commodities

PDP participating laboratories analyzing fruit 

and vegetables monitored 374 parent pesti cides, 

metabolites, degradates, and/or isomers using 

Multiresidue Methods (MRMs). Upon arrival at 

the testing facility, samples are visually examined 

for acceptability and discarded if determined 

to be inedible (decayed, extensively bruised, 

or spoiled). Accepted samples are prepared 

emulating the practices of the average consumer 

to more closely represent actual exposure to 

residues. Fresh samples are prepared as follows: 

(1) bananas are peeled; (2) blueberries are 

washed; (3) broccoli is visually examined, any 

damaged portion or wilted fl orets removed, any 

inedible portion of stem removed, and washed; 

(4) carrots are washed, gently scrubbed, and 

stem cap portions removed; (5) celery stalks are 

separated from inedible portions and washed; 

(6) cherries are washed and pitted; (7) green 

beans and summer squash, are washed and end 

pieces are removed; (8) greens are visually 

examined, any damaged/wilted and wrapper 

leaves discarded, and washed; (9) nectarines 

and peaches are washed, the stems and leaves 

removed, and pitted; and (10) tomatoes are 

washed and stems removed. 

Processed samples are prepared as follows: (1) 

fresh and reconstituted apple juice samples are 

mixed until homogeneous; (2) frozen blueberries 

and frozen potatoes are homogenized with their 

entire contents, including any liquid present; 

and (3) raisins are rehydrated to facilitate 

sample extraction.

Samples of almonds and, corn grain were 

homogenized as received by the laboratory. 

Samples of heavy cream and honey were 

considered homogeneous and required no 

further processing prior to analysis.

Laboratories are permitted to refrigerate incoming fresh fruit and vegetable samples of the 

same commodity for up to 72 hours to allow for 

different sample arrival times from collection 

sites. Frozen and canned commodities may be 

held in storage (freezer or shelf) until the entire 

sample set is ready for analysis. 

Samples are homogenized using choppers and/

or blenders and are separated into analytical 

portions (aliquots) for analysis. If testing cannot 

be performed immediately, the entire analytical 

set is frozen at -40°C or lower, according to 

PDP’s Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/

QC) requirements. Surplus aliquots not used 

for the initial testing are retained frozen in the 

event that replication of analysis or verifi cation 

testing is required.

For analysis of fruit and vegetables, residues 

are extracted using organic solvents followed 

by various cleanup procedures such as Solid 

Phase Extraction (SPE). The California, 

Texas, and Washington labora tories used 

modifi cations of the MRM developed by the 

California Department of Food and Agriculture. 

The Florida labo ratory used an acetonitrile 

extraction followed by an aminopropyl SPE 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

15

cleanup procedure. The Michigan laboratory 

used a modifi ed version of the QuEChERS 

method, developed and published in July 2003 

by USDA’s Agricultural Research Service. The 

New York laboratory used a method based on 

the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada SPE 

method with some modifi cations based on the 

Luke procedure. The Ohio laboratory used 

variations and combi nations of the FDA Luke 

I [Section 302 of Pesticide Analytical Manual 

I] and Luke II [FDA Laboratory Information 

Bulletin 3896] extraction procedures. All 

MRMs are determined, prior to use and through 

appropriate method validation procedures, to 

produce equivalent data for PDP analytical 

purposes.

Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC), coupled with selective detectors 

and mass spectrometry (MS) systems, are used 

for the initial identifi cation and quantitation 

of pesticides. Laboratories are increasing 

their use of GC- and LC-MS systems and are 

specifi cally focusing on LC-MS/MS techniques 

to broaden the scope of testing and to keep 

pace with emerging analyte chemistries. All 

residues initially identifi ed must be verifi ed. 

Confi r mation is accomplished by MS, alternate 

detection systems, or alternate chromatographic 

behavior. Verifi cation is considered crucial due 

to the complexity of commodity matrices and 

the low concentrations of detected residues. The 

verifi cation process provides an extra measure 

of confi dence in the identifi cation of the analyte 

and its concentration.

♦ Almonds

The AMS NSL in Gastonia, NC, tested almond 

samples for 72 parent pesticides, metabolites, 

degra dates, and/or isomers. Upon arrival at the 

testing facility, samples were visually examined 

for acceptability and discarded if spoiled or 

damaged. The samples were stored at room 

temperature until they were homogenized. 

The almond samples were homogenized by 

grinding with dry ice in a large, high-speed 

food processor. The sample homogenates 

were placed into sample cups (approximately 

60 grams per cup) and allowed to sublime at 

-20°C overnight before storing at -70°C prior 

to analysis. A 20-gram aliquot was weighed 

for each almond sample followed by organic 

solvent extraction and sample cleanup using 

ultra-low refrigera tion (-70°C), centrifugation, 

and dis persive SPE. For each almond sample, 

two extra sample homogenate cups, not used 

for the initial testing, were retained frozen in the 

event that replication of analysis or verifi ca tion 

testing was required. Samples were analyzed 

using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS.

♦ Honey

The AMS NSL in Gastonia, NC, tested honey 

samples for 164 parent pesticides, metabolites, 

degra dates, and/or isomers. Upon arrival 

at the testing facility, samples were visually 

examined for acceptability and discarded if 

spoiled, or leaking. If not extracted immediately after arrival, samples were stored at 

room temperature until extracted. The honey 

samples were homogeneous and required no 

further processing. Two 10-gram aliquots were 

weighed for each honey sample followed by the 

addition of 10 ml of water and extracted using a 

slight modifi cation of the QuEChERS method. 

One aliquot was extracted with acetonitrile 

for the LC analysis and the second with ethyl 

acetate for the GC analysis. For each honey 

sample not used for the initial testing, a portion 

was retained frozen in the event that replication 

of analysis or verifi ca tion testing was required. 

Samples were analyzed using GC-MS and LCMS/MS.

♦ Heavy Cream

The AMS NSL in Gastonia tested heavy cream 

samples for 142 parent pesticides, metabolites, 

degra dates, and/or isomers. Upon arrival at the 

testing facility, samples were visually examined 

for acceptability and discarded if spoiled, or 

leaking. If not extracted immedi ately after 

arrival, samples were frozen at 0°C or lower 

until extracted. The heavy cream samples were 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

16

homogeneous and required no further processing. 

A 5-gram aliquot was weighed for each heavy 

cream sample followed by organic solvent 

extraction and sample cleanup using ultra-low 

refrigera tion (-70°C), centrifugation, and dispersive SPE. For each heavy cream sample not 

used for the initial testing, a portion was retained 

frozen in the event that replication of analysis or 

verifi ca tion testing was required. Samples were 

analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS/MS.

♦ Corn Grain

The USDA GIPSA laboratory in Kansas City, 

MO, analyzed corn grain samples for 104 

parent pesticides, metabolites, degradates, and/

or isomers. Upon arrival at the testing facility, 

samples were visually examined for acceptabil ity 

and discarded if spoiled, or otherwise inedible. 

Corn grain samples were refrigerated at 4° C, 

or lower, until time of grinding after which the 

samples are stored at -80° C until extraction. 

Surplus sample aliquots, not used for the initial 

testing, were retained refrigerated in the event 

that replication of analysis or verifi cation testing 

was required. Extraction of corn grain samples 

was accomplished using solvent extraction and 

SPE cleanup coupled with GC-MS and LC-MS/

MS detection. 

♦ Potable Groundwater from Domestic 

 Wells

The Minnesota laboratory analyzed groundwater 

for 94 parent pesticides, metabolites, and 

isomers. These compounds were determined to 

be of interest to EPA based on data needs for 

risk assessment as required under FQPA. Upon 

arrival at the testing laboratory, samples were 

visually examined for acceptability (within 

labeled expiration date, no leakage). Samples 

were refrigerated until time of analysis. One 

liter of the sample was extracted for compounds 

amenable to GC-MS analysis and one for 

chloroacetanilide compounds to be analyzed via 

LC-MS/MS. A third bottle was held in reserve 

in case of breakage or laboratory accident.

♦ Municipal Drinking Water

The Colorado, Montana, and New York laboratories analyzed drinking water for 239 parent 

pesticides, metabolites, degradates, and iso mers. 

These compounds were determined to be of interest to EPA. Paired samples of the raw intake 

water (untreated) and disinfected fi nished drinking water (treated) were collected for analysis. 

Treated water samples were collected after the 

untreated samples at a time interval consistent 

with the hydraulic residence. Hydraulic residence is the average time from entry into the 

treatment facility until distribu tion as treated 

water. Each sample consisted of three 1-liter 

amber glass bottles collected at the water treatment facility. Upon arrival at the testing laboratory, samples were visually examined for acceptability and discarded if warm to the touch 

or leaking. Samples were refrigerated until 

time of analysis and extracted within 96 hours 

of collection. A 1-liter bottle was extracted for 

compounds amenable to GC analysis and another one for compounds amenable to LC analysis. The remaining bottle was held in reserve 

or extracted for specialty compounds requiring 

separate extraction/analyti cal procedures [e.g., 

ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid 

(OA) analogs of alachlor, ace tochlor, and metolachlor]. The extraction methods used were 

based on SPE methods developed by the USGS 

and were independently validated by each testing labora tory. Samples were analyzed using 

MS detection (single and tandem GC and LC 

technologies) or selective detectors.

♦ Formetanate Hydrochloride

In 2007, PDP conducted a special survey of 

formetanate hydrochloride (HCl) on nectarines 

and peaches. Homogenates of 345 nectarine 

and 236 peach samples were shipped by the 

California, Ohio, and Washington laboratories 

to the U.S. EPA Analytical Chemistry Branch 

(ACB) Laboratory in Fort Meade, Maryland 

for analysis. The ACL used a modifi cation 

of the QuEChERS method coupled with LC/

MS-MS analysis to determine formetanate 

hydrochloride.
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

17

♦ Quality Assurance Program

The primary objectives of the QA/QC program 

are to ensure the reliability of PDP data and the 

performance equivalency of the participating 

laboratories. Direction for the PDP QA program 

is provided through SOPs based on EPA Good 

Laboratory Practices (GLPs). Written SOPs 

provide uniform administrative, sampling, and 

laboratory procedures. SOPs are revised annually to accommodate changes in the program. 

As laboratories continue to move toward 

accreditation to ISO 17025, program SOPs 

are being modifi ed to align with these ISO 

requirements. Prior to submission to PDP, data 

are reviewed by each Quality Assurance Unit 

(QAU) for completeness and adherence to PDP 

requirements.

Laboratory Technical Advisory Group and 

Quality Assurance Offi cers: A Technical 

Advisory Group comprised of laboratory Technical Program Managers (TPMs) and Quality 

Assurance Offi cers (QAOs) is responsible for 

annually reviewing program SOPs and addressing QA issues. For day-to-day QA oversight, 

PDP relies on the QAU at each participating 

facility. As required under EPA GLPs, the QAU 

operates independently from the laboratory 

staff and is responsible for performing quarterly 

internal program audits. Preliminary data review procedures are performed on-site by each 

laboratory’s QAU. Final review procedures are 

performed by MPO staff who are responsible 

for collating and reviewing data for conformance with SOPs.

Method Performance Requirements: Laboratories are required to determine and verify the 

limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) for each pesticide/commodity 

pair. LODs depend on matrix, analyte, and detector used. LODs for each pesticide/commodity 

pair are shown in the applicable crop results 

appendix. Additional method performance/

validation requirements include modules for 

consistent instrument response (linearity), 

method range, and precision and accuracy.

Confi rmation: Verifi cation by MS or a suitable 

alternate detection system is required for all 

preliminary results. Verifi ed residue amounts 

greater than or equal to LOD and below LOQ 

are reported as below quantifi able level (BQL). 

BQLs are assigned values at one-half the LOQ, 

and are used along with values greater than or 

equal to LOQ and non-detects in dietary risk 

assessments, when appropriate. 

Routine Quality Control Procedures: PDP 

procedures for QC are intended to assess 

method and analyst performance during 

sample preparation, extraction, clean-up, and, 

where applicable, derivatization. To maximize 

sample output and decrease the QC/sample 

ratio, samples are analyzed in analytical sets 

that include the test samples and the following 

components:

Reagent Blank - For analysis of fruit and 

vegetables, almonds, honey, heavy cream, 

and corn grain, an amount of distilled water, 

equivalent to the natural moisture content of the 

commodity, is run through the entire analytical 

process to confi rm glassware cleanliness and 

system integrity.

Matrix Blank - A previously analyzed sample 

of the same commodity, which contains either 

very low concentrations of known residues 

or no detectable residues, is divided into two 

portions. The fi rst portion is used to determine 

back ground information on naturally occurring 

chemicals and the second is used to prepare a 

matrix spike.

Matrix Spike(s) - Prior to extraction, a portion 

of matrix blank is spiked with marker pesticides to determine the precision and accuracy 

of the analyst and instrument performance. 

Marker pesticides are com pounds selected 

from differ ent pesticide classes (e.g., organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, conazoles, imidazoli nones, neonicoti nyls, phenoxy acid herbi cides, pyrethroids, strobilurins, 

triazines), which have physical and chemical 

charac teristics similar to those in the class they 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

18

were comprised of 5 com modities and were 

forti fi ed with 52 compounds at levels generally 

one to 10 times the LOQ. Two compounds 

were re peated three times. Reported results for 

fruit and vegetable samples yielded an overall 

mean recovery of 89 percent and an overall 

C.V. of 26 percent. For almonds and heavy 

cream, 3 samples were fortifi ed with a total of 

11 compounds for each commodity. For corn 

grain, 2 samples were fortifi ed with a total of 

11 compounds.

Additionally, PDP laboratories participated in 

the international AOAC® PT program. During 

2007, PDP laboratories participated in three test 

rounds, one for bananas, one for carrots, and one 

for peaches. Banana and carrot samples were 

fortifi ed with nine pesticides each and peaches 

were fortifi ed with four pesticides. Laboratories 

were evaluated based on z-scores for reported 

com pounds, as well as any reported false 

negatives or false positives. Laboratories were 

not held responsible for reporting compounds 

not included in their routine screening method. 

Overall, PDP labora tories performed as well or 

better than other participat ing laboratories.

For water, three profi ciency sample sets 

were analyzed during 2007. Test solutions, 

custom designed based on testing profi les 

and detection limits, were used for spiking, 

rather than distribution of spiked samples, 

due to stability concerns. For each PT set, the 

vendor supplied the laboratory’s QAU with the 

specifi ed solution which was diluted accord ing 

to program protocols. This solution was then 

used to fortify either blank matrix (tap water) or 

replicate samples collected from PDP sampling 

sites whose samples historically contained 

multiple pesticides. The spiked samples were 

then presented to the staff members of each 

respective laboratory for analysis. During 

2007, two of the profi ciency sample sets were 

spiked site samples and one was spiked matrix 

blank. 

On-site Reviews: MPO staff performs on-site 

visits to determine compliance with PDP SOPs. 

represent. Marker pesti cides are used to monitor 

recovery instead of spiking all pesti cides. This 

use of marker pesticides opti mizes the resources 

required to analyze the thousands of analyte/matrix com binations in the program while still allowing evaluation of daily recovery patterns. In 

addition, each laboratory must perform matrix 

spikes throughout the year for each analyte/crop 

combination reported by their laboratory. During 2007, PDP laboratories quantitated a total of 

57,484 matrix spikes, with an overall mean recovery of 93 percent and an overall percent coeffi cient of variation (% C.V.) of 26 percent. The 

% C.V. is calculated as the standard deviation 

divided by the mean.

Process Control Spike - A compound with physical 

and chemical characteristics similar to those of 

the pesticides being tested is used to evaluate the 

analytical process on a sample-by-sample basis. 

Each of the analyti cal set components, except 

the reagent and matrix blanks, is spiked with 

process controls. During 2007, PDP laboratories 

quantitated a total of 49,663 process controls on 

12,689 samples, with an overall mean recovery 

of 98 percent and an overall C.V. of 19 percent. 

Of these process controls, 553 (1.1%) were 

rerun due to initial failure to meet PDP recovery 

criteria. These rerun values are not included in 

these statistics.

Profi ciency Testing: All facilities are required 

to participate in PDP’s Profi ciency Testing (PT) 

program. For laboratories testing fresh and 

processed fruit and vegetables, grains, dairy 

products, and meats, multiresidue test samples 

containing pesticides of known quantities are 

periodically issued and analyzed under the same 

conditions as routine samples. The resulting data 

are used to determine performance equivalency 

among the testing laboratories and to evaluate 

individual laboratory performance. During 2007, 

PDP laboratories received 5 multiresidue fruit 

and vegetable PT sets consisting of 15 samples, 

1 almond set consisting of 3 samples, 1 heavy 

cream set consisting of 3 samples, and 1 corn 

grain set consisting of 2 samples. For fruit and 

vegetable multiresidue screening, the 15 samples 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

19

Improvements in sampling, chain-of-custody, 

laboratory, recordkeeping, and electronic data 

transmission procedures are made as a result of 

on-site reviews.

IV. Database Management

 

PDP maintains an electronic database at the 

MPO in Manassas, VA, that serves as a central 

data repository. The data captured and stored in 

the PDP database include sample collection and 

product information, residue fi nd ings, and process 

control recoveries for each sample analyzed, in 

addition to QA/QC fortifi ed recoveries for each 

set of samples. Each calendar-year survey is 

stored in a separate database structure, which 

allows easier admini stration and data reporting. 

The PDP data path is illustrated in Figure 8.

♦ Electronic Data Path

 

PDP utilizes the Remote Data Entry (RDE) 

system, which is a customized software application that allows participating State and Federal 

laboratories to enter and transmit data electronically. The RDE system is centralized with all user 

interface software and database fi les residing in 

Washington, DC. The laboratory users need only 

a Web browser to interface with the RDE system. 

Access is controlled through separate user login/

password accounts and user access rights for 

the various system functions based on position 

requirements. The RDE system utilizes Secure 

Sockets Layer (SSL) technology to encrypt all 

data passed between users’ computers and the 

central Web server. 

A separate Windows®-based system allows 

sample collectors to capture the standardized 

Sample Information Form (SIF) electronically 

on handheld or laptop computers. The e-SIF 

system generates formatted text fi les containing 

sample information that are e-mailed to PDP 

headquarters and then imported into the Webbased RDE system.

The RDE data entry screens have extensive 

editing functions and cross-checks built into the 

software to ensure that valid values are entered 

for all critical data elements. This task is made 

easier by the practice of capturing and storing 

standardized codes for all critical alphanumeric 

data elements rather than their complete names, 

meanings, or descriptions. This coding scheme 

allows for faster and more accurate data entry, 

saves disk storage space, and allows the user 

to perform ad-hoc queries (data searches) on 

the database easily. The data entry screens also 

perform automatic edits on numeric fi elds, 

dates, and other character fi elds to ensure that 

entries are within prescribed boundaries. 

At PDP headquarters, the RDE system allows 

staff chemists to review the data on-line and 

then to mark the data as ready-for-upload to 

the central PDP database. A separate upload 

application converts and passes the data to the 

PDP database which is presently maintained 

using Microsoft® Access in a Windows®

operating environment. Access to the central 

PDP database is limited to PDP staff personnel 

only and is controlled through password 

protection and user access rights. System backups are performed each night and back-up tapes 

are sent to off-site storage once a week.

♦ Data Reporting 

The PDP staff frequently receives requests for 

data from Government agencies and interested 

outside parties. Ad-hoc queries and custom 

reports are generated to fi ll such requests. An 

electronic library of data queries is maintained 

to generate standardized data summaries, 

including the data tables, charts, and appendices in this annual summary. Subsets of the PDP 

calendar year databases are made available for 

download from the PDP Web site. The data fi les 

on the Web site are fi xed-length text fi les that 

contain a portion of the sampling data, all of 

the reported residue fi ndings, and reference lists 

that can be used to interpret the standardized 

codes used in the PDP data. The data fi les can 

be imported into defi ned database structures and 

manipulated with the use of common database 

management software packages.
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

20

- Collection in 10 States

- Samples taken close to consumer

- Standardized Sample Information Forms

- Data entry on heldheld/laptop computers

- Chemists review data on-screen

- Upload data to central database

- 10 State labs + 2 USDA labs + 1 EPA lab

- Fruit and vegetable samples prepared for

 consumption

- Detect residues at low levels

- Pesticide residue data generated

- Multi-tiered QA data review process

- Web-based data entry software

- Import data from other systems

- Access controlled by user login

- Extensive data cross-checks

- Data reconciliation

- Standard & adhoc reporting

- Annual Summary

- Custom data sets

YEAR-END REVIEW

INTERNET

SAMPLE COLLECTION DATA REVIEW AT HQ

LABORATORY ANALYSIS

LABORATORY REMOTE DATA 

ENTRY (RDE)

DATA REPORTING

Figure 8. PDP Data Pathway. An illustration of PDP data path from sample collection through laboratory 

analysis and reporting.

INTER

Y

RY AN

Y REM

RY (RD

-END 

PORTI

INTERNET
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

21

V. Sample Results and Discussion

♦ Sample Results

In 2007, PDP conducted surveys on a variety of 

foods including fresh and processed fruit and 

vegetables, almonds, heavy cream, honey, corn 

grain, groundwater, and treated and untreated 

drinking water. Of the 12,689 samples that 

were collected and analyzed, 9,734 were fruit 

and vegetable commodities, 361 were almond 

samples, 186 were honey samples, 742 were 

heavy cream samples, 660 were corn grain 

samples, 272 were groundwater samples, and 

734 were drinking water samples. 

Excluding corn grain, groundwater, and drinking 

water samples, which were all from U.S. sources, 

approximately 73.4 percent of all samples 

were produced in the U.S., 24.2 percent were 

imports, 1.1 percent were of mixed origin, and 

1.3 percent were of unknown origin. Appendix 

I shows the distribution of sample origin by 

state or country. Of the domestic samples, 

approximately 45 percent (3,643 of 8,095) were 

grown, packed, and/or distributed in or from 

California. Approximately 16 percent (59 of 

368) of the apple juice samples and 28 percent 

of the honey samples (52 of 186) were of mixed 

national origin (i.e., the juice was comprised of 

apple concentrates from more than one country). 

Appendix J includes a comparison of residues 

for selected commodities with a signifi cant 

import component.

Table 3 gives an overview of the number of 

samples analyzed and a summary of results per 

commodity, for all commodities tested in 2007 

except water (groundwater and drinking water). 

The percent of total residue detections and percent 

of non-detectable residues are obtained by 

comparing the total number of residues detected 

and the total number of non-detects to the total 

number of analyses performed per commodity, 

respectively. The average number of analyses 

performed per sample is also shown. The 

percentage of total residue detections for fresh 

fruit and vegetables ranged from 0.8-3.8 percent, 

with a mean of 2.2 percent. The percentage of 

total residue detections for processed fruit and 

vegetables ranged from 0.6-2.2 percent, with a 

mean of 1.3 percent. The percentage of total 

residue detections for almonds was 2.0 percent, 

for honey was 0.4 percent, for heavy cream was 

1.1 percent, and for corn grain was 0.8 percent. 

Of the 11,683 samples that were analyzed, the 

overall percentage of total residue detections 

was 1.9 percent. 

Appendix B tabulates the distribution of residues 

in fruit and vegetables for the complete 2007 

data set. Information included in this appendix 

are: number of samples analyzed for a particular 

compound; number and percent of samples with 

detections; range of concentrations detected; 

range of analytical LODs; and EPA tolerance 

levels or FDA action levels. Appendices C, 

D, E, F, G and H provide the distribution of 

residues for almonds, honey, heavy cream, corn 

grain, groundwater, and treated and untreated 

drinking water, respectively. The individual 

sample data can be downloaded from the PDP 

Website at http://www.ams.usda.gov/pdp or 

obtained by contacting MPO.

Food monitoring data, together with dietary 

consumption surveys, are used by EPA to 

estimate dietary exposure to pesticides to 

ensure the safety of existing pesticide uses. 

EPA uses all results reported by PDP, including 

sample results reported as below the LOD and 

those above the tolerance. PDP laboratories 

are required to establish LODs and report any 

instrumental response below the LOD as a nondetect. LODs are established experimentally 

for each pesticide/commodity pair and are 

reported with each data set. The number of 

non-detects can be used in conjunction with 

percent crop treated data to determine what 

proportion of these values may be counted as 

zero towards the dietary exposure. As shown in 

Table 3, 98 percent of the analyses performed 

across all commodities (excluding groundwater 

and treated and untreated drinking water) were 

reported as non-detects (i.e., results were below 

the established LOD). For samples containing 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

22

Number of 

Samples 

Analyzed

Average 

Number of 

Analyses 

Performed on 

Each Sample

Number of 

Analyses 

Performed

Number of 

Residue 

Detections

Percent of 

Residue 

Detections

Number 

of NonDetects

Percent 

of NonDetects

Number of 

Different 

Pesticides 

Detected

Bananas 744 125 92,933 756 0.8 92,177 99.2 11

Blueberries 711 141 99,903 1,796 1.8 98,107 98.2 43

Broccoli 736 154 113,567 1,242 1.1 112,325 98.9 35

Carrots 744 57 42,479 1,451 3.4 41,028 96.6 28

Celery 739 139 102,938 3,902 3.8 99,036 96.2 49

Cherries 419 88 36,685 1,175 3.2 35,510 96.8 37

Green Beans 739 103 76,103 1,612 2.1 74,491 97.9 45

Greens, Collard 353 83 29,449 828 2.8 28,621 97.2 44

Greens, Kale 386 84 32,518 739 2.3 31,779 97.7 42

Nectarines 563 81 45,384 1,232 2.7 44,152 97.3 29

Peaches 555 93 51,825 1,924 3.7 49,901 96.3 48

Squash, Summer 742 75 55,521 1,368 2.5 54,153 97.5 38

Tomatoes 741 99 73,359 899 1.2 72,460 98.8 31

TOTAL FRESH 8,172 852,664 18,924 833,740

Apple Juice 368 92 33,800 193 0.6 33,607 99.4 13

Blueberries, Frozen 22 160 3,516 77 2.2 3,439 97.8 20

Potatoes, Frozen 800 100 80,145 1,070 1.3 79,075 98.7 19

Raisins 372 84 31,364 582 1.9 30,782 98.1 26

TOTAL PROCESSED 1,562 148,825 1,922 146,903

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables

Processed Fruit and Vegetables

Fruit and Vegetable Totals

Number of Samples Analyzed = 9,734 Percent of Total Residue Detections = 2.1%

Average Number of Analyses Performed on Each Sample = 103 Total Number of Non-Detects = 980,643

Total Number of Analyses Performed = 1,001,489 Percent of Total Number of Non-Detects = 97.9%

Total Number of Residue Detections = 20,846 Total Number of Different Pesticides Detected = 124

Almonds 361 72 25,992 521 2.0 25,471 98.0 11

All Commodities (excludes 272 groundwater and 734 drinking water samples)

Dairy

Honey

Grain Product

Nut Product

Number of Samples Analyzed = 11,683 Percent of Total Residue Detections = 1.9%

Average Number of Analyses Performed on Each Sample = 105 Total Number of Non-Detects = 1,202,727

Total Number of Analyses Performed = 1,225,839 Percent of Total Number of Non-Detects = 98.1%

Total Number of Residue Detections = 23,112 Total Number of Different Pesticides Detected = 173

Table 3. Number of Samples Analyzed and Summary of Results Per Commodity. Percent of residue 

detections and percent of non-detects are obtained by comparing the total number of residues detected and the 

total number of non-detects to the total number of analyses performed per commodity, respectively. The average 

number of analyses performed per sample is also shown.

Corn Grain 660 95 62,490 485 0.8 62,005 99.2 13

Honey 186 164 30,504 116 0.4 30,388 99.6 6

Heavy Cream 742 142 105,364 1,144 1.1 104,220 98.9 9
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

23

residues, the vast majority of the detections were 

well below established tolerances.

♦ Import vs. Domestic Residue 

Comparisons

Information about the origin of each PDP sample 

is recorded when the sample is collected. Figure 3 illustrates the portion of the domestic and 

import component for each of the PDP fruit and 

vegetable commodities in 2007. The data generated by PDP refl ect pesticide residues in foods 

available to the U.S. consumer, including both 

domestic and imported products. Many commodities are almost entirely of domestic origin 

such as celery (96%) with only minor import and 

unknown components (3% and less than 1%, respectively). However, some fresh commodities, 

such as blueberries, nectarines, peaches, summer 

squash, and tomatoes are from domestic growers part of the year and are imported during the 

remaining months, as illustrated in Figure 4. The 

only commodity, which was entirely of imported 

origin, was bananas.

Comparisons of selected residues detected in 

imported versus domestic blueberries, peaches, 

and tomatoes can be found in Appendix J. These 

sample sets were selected to compare data where 

residues are present in greater than 10 percent of 

the commodity and allow for the comparison of 

individual residues. These data also showed that 

the residue profi les for domestic and imported 

crops were signifi cantly different. 

The blueberry data in Appendix J illustrate that 

in 2007, boscalid and pyraclostrobin were detected more frequently in the domestic samples 

than in the imported samples. For example, 

boscalid was detected in 51.7 percent of the U.S. 

samples, 22.0 percent in the samples from Argentina, and 2.6 percent in the samples from Chile. 

Carbendazim and iprodione were detected more 

frequently in the samples from Argentina (54.3% 

and 54.0%, respectively) and Chile (34.6% and 

28.5%, respectively) than in the domestic samples (19.0% and 4.1%, respectively). 

For peaches, the organophosphate azinphos 

methyl was detected more often in the imported 

peach samples than the domestic peach samples. 

Azinphos methyl was detected in 86.7% of Chilean samples compared to 2.5% of domestic samples. Conversely, methoxyfenozide, a reduced 

risk pesticide registered as an organophosphate 

alternative, was detected in 29.4% of the domestic peach samples and in 6% of the Chilean peach 

samples. 

For tomatoes, chlorothalonil was detected more 

often on domestic tomatoes (19.2%) than on tomatoes originating from Mexico (9.5%). Azoxystrobin, endosulfan I, and endosulfan II were detected more frequently in tomatoes from Mexico 

(19.1%, 16.1% and 22.1%, respectively) than in 

tomatoes of U.S. origin (7.1%, 9.6% and 17.5%, 

respectively). Endosulfan sulfate was detected 

with relatively equal frequency in both the domestic (17.9%) and imported tomatoes from 

Mexico (17.6%).

These differences in residue profi les may be attributed to recent U.S. registration decisions. The 

1996 FQPA required EPA to reassess the safety 

of existing tolerances and tolerance exemptions 

by August 3, 2006, while simultaneously making 

determinations about the reregistration of existing pesticides and reviewing the registrations of 

pesticide end-use products. This tolerance reassessment effort has led, among other things, to 

EPA decisions to revoke or modify thousands of 

existing tolerances, and to require the establishment of many new tolerances, improving food 

safety and human health protection in the U.S. 

Many of these new tolerances are for safer replacement pesticides. Overall, residues detected 

in domestic samples refl ected the transition towards use of replacement pesticides whereas imports had residues of pesticides phased out of the 

U.S. market.

♦ National Estimates

 

National estimates for selected pesticide/

commodity pairs with detections in at least 10 

percent of samples tested are shown in Appendix K. 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

24

In most cases for each pair, the levels of detected 

residues are a small fraction of the tolerance level. 

A range of values for the average sample residue 

concentration (mean) for each pair is provided. 

The lower value for the range is determined by 

treating a sample without detectable residues as 

if it had a residue concentration equal to zero. 

The upper value is determined by treating such a 

sample as if it had a residue concentration equal 

to the LOD. Calculations for the 50th, 75th, and 

90th percentiles for each of the selected pairs 

are shown. The ratio of the 90th percentile to 

the tolerance, as a normalization factor is also 

provided. Percent detections and percentiles 

for almonds, bananas, blueberries, broccoli, 

carrots, celery, cherries, green beans, collard and 

kale greens, honey, nectarines, peaches, frozen 

potatoes, raisins, summer squash, and tomatoes 

were weighted to refl ect monthly variations in 

marketing. No weighting adjustments were 

made for corn grain or heavy cream.

Appendix L displays the estimated distributions 

of 12 representative pesticide/commodity pairs. 

These graphs depict that the overwhelming 

majority of pesticide testing results and the 

respective means (average values) are at low 

concentrations. The range of values, the median 

at the 50th percentile, and the range in percentile 

representing the lower and upper bound for the 

sample mean are shown on each chart. The 

pesticide/commodity pairs included in Appendix 

L are piperonyl butoxide/almonds, boscalid/

blueberries, imidacloprid/broccoli, bifenthrin/

cherries, azoxystrobin/collard greens, acephate/

green beans, fl udioxonil/nectarines, phosmet/

nectarines, fl udioxonil/peaches, phosmet/

peaches, propargite/raisins, and trifl oxystrobin/

raisins. In some cases, there is convergence of 

the mean upper and lower bound into a single 

line due to the insignifi cant differences between 

them (e.g., azoxystrobin/collard greens).

♦ Postharvest Applications

Pesticides can be applied before and after harvest 

depending on the crop and approved label use. 

PDP data capture both preharvest and postharvest 

uses because samples are collected at points 

when all pesticide applications have already 

occurred. Pesticides applied postharvest are 

used primarily as fungicides (e.g., azoxystrobin, 

imazalil, o-phenylphenol, and thiabendazole) 

and sprouting inhibitors (e.g., chlorpropham). 

Some detections reported in Appendix B most 

likely refl ect postharvest applications to the raw 

agricultural commodity.

♦ Special Projects

Honey: In 2007, the USDA, AMS, NSL 

conducted testing for pesticide residues on 186 

samples of honey. The randomly collected 

samples included fl uid (viscous) honey, creamed 

honey, and jars containing liquid honey with 

honeycomb. Overall, there was a total of 116 

residue detections in honey, representing six 

different pesticides. The data for honey in 

Appendix D indicate that coumaphos was 

detected most frequently in 83 samples (44.6%). 

Fluvalinate was detected in 19 samples (10.2%). 

Less than 5 percent of the honey samples 

contained low levels of each of the following 

residues: 2,4-dimethylphenyl formamide (2,4-

DMPF), a metabolite of amitraz; dicloran; 

dicofol p,p’; and vinclozolin.

Formetanate Hydrochloride: In 2007, PDP 

conducted a special survey to determine the 

relative frequency and concentration of HCl on 

nectarines and peaches. Homogenates of 345 

nectarine and 236 peach samples were shipped 

by the California, Ohio, and Washington 

laboratories to the U.S. EPA ACL in Fort Meade, 

MD, for analysis. Appendix B shows that 33 

samples (9.6%) of nectarines and only 1 sample 

(0.4%) of peaches exhibited detectable residues 

of formetanate HCl.

♦ Potable Groundwater from Domestic

 Wells

In 2001, PDP began testing municipal waters 

drawing from surface water sources because 

surface water is more vulnerable to pesticides than 

municipal waters that draw from groundwater 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

25

sources. Most municipal systems drawing from 

groundwater draw from fairly deep (>200 foot) 

aquifers which are not affected by pesticides. 

Approximately 15 percent of the U.S. population 

obtains their domestic water from private wells. 

Many of these wells are located in agricultural 

areas and may be susceptible to pesticides, so it is 

necessary to monitor these shallow groundwater 

wells to account for exposure through water 

consumption in dietary risk assessments. 

Pesticide mobility varies widely. Many 

pesticides bind tightly to soils and are therefore 

unlikely to be found in groundwater. Pesticides 

which are water-soluble can dissolve in water 

and move through the soil to reach the water 

table. Unlike surface water, movement of 

pesticides in soils and rock is much slower 

than the movement of surface water (several 

centimeters per year for movement in soils/

rock compared to many meters per year for 

movement in surface water; hence changes in 

pesticide concentrations are much less variable 

and samples need not be taken as frequently. 

For this groundwater study, samples were taken 

quarterly as opposed to bi-monthly for the 

surface water samples. 

When pesticides are detected in groundwater, 

the source is not always the immediate surface 

above but rather where the water is entering, 

or recharging, the aquifer. Thus, if pesticides 

are being used in the recharge zone, they may 

be transported through the aquifer to the well. 

The depths of the wells sampled for this project 

ranged from 30 to 850 feet below land surface. 

Some correlation can be made between depth 

and the number of residues detected; however, 

depth is not the sole factor in pesticide movement 

in an aquifer. 

In 2007, PDP scheduled sampling of 74 

groundwater wells on a quarterly basis. A total of 

272 of the targeted 296 samples were collected. 

Figure 6 shows the distribution of groundwater 

collection sites for the 2007 PDP testing 

program. Of the 74 collection sites, 37 wells 

(50%) contained detectable residues. Twentyseven different pesticide residues (including 

metabolites) were detected. Concentrations 

varied from at or near the detection limit up to 

18,000 parts per trillion.

♦ Municipal Drinking Water

Figure 7 shows the distribution of drinking 

water sites for the 2007 PDP testing program. 

Untreated and fi nished drinking water samples 

were collected from community water systems 

in Alabama (2), Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, 

Indiana, Maryland (2), Minnesota, Missouri, 

Montana, New Jersey, South Carolina, Texas, 

and the District of Columbia. Each watershed 

refl ects the local topography, watershed size, 

geomorphology, soil types, geology, land use, 

land management practices, crop varieties, 

pesticides applied, and application methods. 

Due to the complexities associated with water 

quality assessments, these data refl ect only the 

unique characteristics of the watersheds from 

which the samples were obtained.

PDP analyzed 734 water samples from 

community water systems using MRMs to test 

for 239 pesticides and metabolites. Treatment 

plants participating in the 2007 survey draw 

from surface water for primary source waters. 

The data presented here are for the untreated 

water collected at treatment plant intakes and 

treated water (post-disinfection) collected just 

prior to distribution to customers. Forty-six 

different residues were detected in the fi nished 

drinking water and 52 residues were detected 

in the untreated intake water. Most of the 

detections were of commonly used herbicides 

and their metabo lites. The majority of 

pesticides included in the PDP testing profi les 

were not detected and none of the detections in 

the fi nished water samples exceeded EPA MCL 

or HA levels.

Appendix H lists the MCL and/or HA values; 

however, many of the compounds in the PDP 

testing profi les do not have established regulatory standards. For comparative purposes, 

EPA FAO criteria, which are much lower than 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

26

human-based MCLs or HA levels, also are 

given. These criteria are lower than MCL or 

HA levels due primarily to higher exposure to 

these compounds because aquatic organisms 

live all or most of their lives in water. During 

2007, no detections exceeded established FAO 

levels. Additional informa tion regarding EPA 

drinking water standards is available at: http://

www.epa.gov/safewater/standard/setting.html. 

Water treatment technologies vary widely and 

may be based on the local water chemistry, 

targeted contaminants needing removal, and cost. 

Appendix H shows the concentration of detected 

residues in treated and untreated water. In most 

cases, there were more detections in the untreated 

water than the treated water. In a few cases, 

residues detected in the treated water were not 

detected in the untreated water. The data acquired 

to date indicate that the water treatment process 

removed matrix interfer ences, allowing for a 

more sensitive measure ment in the treated water. 

Depending on the treatment process employed, 

individual pesti cides are entirely, partially, 

or not removed during the treatment process.

♦ Environmental Contaminants

Environmental contaminants are pesticides whose 

uses have been canceled in the U.S., but their 

residues persist in the environment, particularly 

in soil, where their residues may be taken up by 

plants. PDP tracks environmental contaminants 

to monitor their presence in the environment 

and provides these data to Codex Alimentarius. 

These data are also used to facilitate international 

trade.

DDT, DDD, and DDE: PDP screened samples 

for various metabolites of DDT including: DDT 

o,p’; DDT p,p’; DDD o,p’; DDD p,p’, DDE o,p’; 

and DDE p,p’. Use of DDT has been prohibited 

in the U.S. since 1972; however, due to its 

persistence in the environment, residues of the 

DDT p,p’, DDD p,p’, and DDE p,p’ metabolites 

were detected in some of the commodities tested. 

Of these, the DDE p,p’ metabolite was the most 

frequently detected. DDE p,p’ was detected 

mainly in heavy cream (59.7%), kale greens 

(41.7%), carrots (28.1%), and collard greens 

(12.8%). In all cases, residues detected were 

much lower than the FDA action levels. The 

DDT o,p’, DDD o,p’, and DDE o,p’ metabolites 

were not detected in any of the samples. None 

of the water samples (treated or untreated) had 

residues of DDT or its metabolites. Details of 

residue results for DDT, DDD, and DDE may 

be found in Appendices B, C, D, E, F, and H.

Other Extraneous Pesticides: PDP screened 

samples for other extraneous residues (environmental contaminants) including: aldrin; 

dieldrin; heptachlor and its epoxide metabolite; chlordane (cis/trans) and its metabolite, 

oxychlordane and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). 

HCB was used as a seed protectant until 1965 

but due to its persistence it has remained in soil 

and grasses. In 1974, all aldrin and dieldrin 

uses were canceled in the U.S., and in 1978, 

all heptachlor uses were canceled. In 1986, 

chlor¬dane uses, except termiticide uses, were 

canceled. Despite these cancellations and due 

to their persistence in the environment, residues of HCB, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, 

and chlordane were detected in some of the 

commodities tested. For example, HCB was 

detected in 41.8 % of heavy cream samples 

and dieldrin was detected in twelve percent of 

summer squash samples. HCB residues were 

substantially below the detection limit of FDA 

offi cial methods and were therefore considered to be of no regulatory signifi cance. For 

all other cases, residues detected were much 

lower than the FDA action levels. None of the 

water samples (treated or untreated) had residues of aldrin, dieldrin, HCB, heptachlor or 

heptachlor epoxide, or chlordane or its metabolite, oxychlordane. Details of residue results 

for environmental contaminants may be found 

in Appendices B, C, D, E, F, and H.

♦ Multiple Pesticide Residue 

 Detections

By virtue of the MRMs employed, PDP 

provides novel data that can be used by EPA in 

evaluating exposure to multiple residues from 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

27

the same commodity. The data are crucial for 

assess ments which consider cumulative exposure 

to pesticides determined to have common 

mechanisms of toxicity. The distribution of 

multiple pesticides occurring in samples tested 

during 2007 is presented in Appendix M. 

These data indicate that approximately 23 percent 

of all samples tested excluding groundwater and 

treated and untreated drinking water contained 

no detectable pesticides, 30 percent contained 

1 pesticide, and 47 percent contained more 

than 1 pesticide. Parent compounds and their 

metabolites are combined to report the number 

of “pesticides” rather than the number of 

“residues,” as was reported in summaries prior 

to 2003. For example, a sample with positive 

detections for endosulfan I, II, and sulfate would 

have been counted as three residues in the 2002 

Appendix L. That sample would be counted as 

just one pesticide detected in Appendix M of this 

Summary.

One sample of blueberries and 1 celery sample had 

detections of 13 pesticides each. Most multiple 

residue detections result from the application 

of more than one pesticide on a crop during a 

growing season; however, a number of other 

factors could contribute to multiple detections. 

Pesticide spray drift, residue transfer through crop 

rotation, or at packing facilities, and/or presence 

of persistent environmental contaminants could 

all contribute to residue detections.

It should be noted that, in most cases, samples 

analyzed by PDP are composites of 3 to 5 pounds 

of commodity from the same lot. Therefore, the 

estimated concentrations for multiple residue 

detections in these composite sample results 

may or may not refl ect the number of pesticides 

per concentration in a single serving item of a 

commodity.

♦ Tolerance Violations

A tolerance is defi ned under Section 408 of the 

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as the 

maximum quantity of a pesticide residue allowable on a raw agricultural commodity. Tolerances are also applicable to processed foods. 

The FQPA of 1996 contains an amendment to 

the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, which requires the EPA to periodically review each pesticide registration every 15 

years. Timely pesticide data provided by PDP 

enables the EPA to refi ne risk estimates used in 

the pesticide reregistration process. 

A tolerance violation occurs when a residue 

is found that exceeds the tolerance level or 

when a residue is found for which there is no 

established tolerance. With the exception of 

meat, poultry, and egg products, for which USDA 

is responsible, FDA enforces tolerances for all 

imported and domestic foods that move through 

interstate commerce. Unlike enforcement 

programs, PDP emphasizes determination of 

residues at the lowest detectable levels rather 

than quick turn-around times. When PDP 

identifi es samples with residues exceeding the 

tolerance or with residues for which there is 

no established tolerance, these detections are 

reported to FDA regional and headquarters’ 

offi ces. This notifi cation is made in accordance 

with a Memorandum of Understanding between 

USDA and FDA for the purpose of pinpointing 

areas where closer surveillance may be needed. 

FDA enforcement action has not been a practical 

response to PDP analysis because of the time 

required between sample collection and data 

reporting.

Residues exceeding the established tolerance 

are noted with an “X” in Appendices B, C, D, E, 

and F. Similarly, residues for which a tolerance 

is not established are noted with a “V.” The “X” 

and “V” annotations are followed by a number 

indicating the number of samples reported to 

FDA. 

An established tolerance may apply to more than 

one residue because pesticides may break down 

into more than one metabolite or contain more 

than one isomer. For example, the tolerance for 

endosulfan combines residues of endosulfan 

I, endosulfan II, and endosulfan sulfate; and 
Pesticide Data Program—Annual Summary, Calendar Year 2007

28

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, 

or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with 

disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET 

Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To fi le a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Offi ce of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

♦♦♦♦♦♦

organophosphate tolerances may combine 

the parent compound and the sulfone and 

sulfoxide metabolites. Therefore, where 

applicable, the violations in Appendix N are 

combined residues of parent and any isomers 

and/or metabolites to count the total number 

of samples with tolerance violations.

In 2007, a total of 432 samples with 473 

residues were reported to the FDA as 

Presumptive Tolerance Violations. Excluding 

samples for which no tolerances are set 

(groundwater and fi nished and untreated 

drinking water), residues exceeding the 

tolerance were detected in 49 (0.4 %) of 

the 11,683 samples tested. The samples 

containing residues which exceed established 

tolerances include: 6 blueberry samples, 3 

celery samples, 2 green bean samples, 11 

samples of collard greens, 9 kale samples, 5 

samples of nectarines, 3 samples of peaches, 

9 samples of summer squash, and 1 tomato 

sample. Of those 49 samples, 8 were reported as 

imported produce. Forty-fi ve samples contained 

one residue exceeding the established tolerances, 

three samples contained two residues exceeding, 

and one sample contained four residues exceeding 

the established tolerance.

Residues with no established tolerance were found 

in 386 (3.3 %) of the samples, which included 

377 fruit and vegetable samples, 3 samples of 

corn grain, and 6 honey samples. There were 356 

samples with 1 residue each, 28 samples with 2 

residues each, and 2 samples with 3 residues each. 

Three of the 386 samples with residues having 

no established tolerance each contained 1 residue 

that exceeded an established tolerance. In most 

cases, these residues were detected at very low 

levels and some residues may have resulted from 

spray drift or crop rotations. The residue levels 

and commodities are listed in Appendix N.
Appendix A

Commodity History 

Appendix A identifies commodities sampled by the Pesticide Data 

Program through December 2007. Updates to this list are posted on the PDP 

Web site at www.ams.usda.gov/pdp. 
Fresh Commodities

Commodity Start Date End Date

Apples 1 Sep-91 Dec-96

Apples (S-1) Jan-99 Dec-99

Apples (S-2) Jan-99 May-99

Apples Oct-00 Sep-02

Apples Jan-04 Dec-05

Apples (T-1) Jan-03 Dec-03

Asparagus Jan-02 Jun-03

Asparagus Jul-08 Ongoing

Bananas Sep-91 Sep-95

Bananas Jan-01 Dec-02

Bananas Jan-06 Dec-07

Bananas (TSP) Jul-03 Dec-03

Blueberries 2 Jan-07 Dec-08

Broccoli Oct-92 Dec-94

Broccoli Jan-01 Dec-02

Broccoli Oct-06 Sep-08

Cantaloupe Jul-98 Jun-00

Cantaloupe Oct-03 Sep-05

Carrots 1 Oct-92 Sep-96

Carrots Oct-00 Sep-02

Carrots Jan-06 Dec-07

Cauliflower Oct-04 Sep-06

Celery Feb-92 Mar-94

Celery Jan-01 Dec-02

Celery Jan-07 Dec-08

Cherries 3 May-00 Aug-01

Cherries May-07 Sep-07

Cranberries Oct-06 Dec-06

Cucumbers Jan-99 Dec-00

Cucumbers Oct-02 Sep-04

Eggplant Jan-05 Dec-06

Eggs (TSP) Jul-03 Dec-03

Grapefruit Aug-91 Dec-93

Grapefruit Jan-05 Dec-06

Grapes 1 May-91 Dec-96

COMMODITY HISTORY AS OF DECEMBER 2008

Appendix A. Page 1 of 6
Commodity Start Date End Date

Grapes Jan-00 Dec-01

Grapes (TSP) Jul-03 Dec-03

Grapes Jan-04 Dec-05

Green Beans Feb-92 Dec-95

Green Beans Jan-00 Dec-01

Green Beans Apr-04 Mar-05

Green Beans Jan-07 Dec-08

Green Onions Oct-08 Ongoing

Greens (collard & kale) Oct-06 Sep-08

Lettuce May-91 Dec-94

Lettuce Oct-99 Sep-01

Lettuce Jan-04 Dec-05

Mushrooms Oct-01 Sep-03

Nectarines 4 Jul-00 Sep-01

Nectarines Jan-07 Dec-08

Onions Jan-02 Dec-03

Oranges 1 Aug-91 Dec-96

Oranges Jan-00 Dec-01

Oranges Jan-04 Dec-05

Peaches Feb-92 Sep-96

Peaches (S-3) Jan-00 Sep-00

Peaches 5 Jan-01 Sep-02

Peaches (T-1) May-03 Sep-03

Peaches Oct-06 Sep-08

Pears Jan-97 Jun-99

Pears (S-1) Jul-98 Jun-99

Pears Oct-03 Sep-05

Pineapples Jul-00 Jun-02

Plums 6 Jan-05 Dec-06

Potatoes May-91 Dec-95

Potatoes (S-4) Dec-96 Dec-97

Potatoes Jul-00 Jun-02

Potatoes Jan-08 Ongoing

Spinach 1 Jan-95 Sep-97

Spinach Jul-02 Dec-03

Spinach 7 Jan-06 Sep-06

Spinach Jan-08 Ongoing

Strawberries 2 Jan-98 Sep-00

Appendix A. Page 2 of 6
Commodity Start Date End Date

Strawberries Jan-04 Dec-05

Strawberries Jan-08 Ongoing

Summer Squash Oct-06 Sep-08

Sweet Bell Peppers Jan-99 Dec-00

Sweet Bell Peppers Oct-02 Sep-04

Sweet Potatoes 1 Jan-96 Jun-98

Sweet Potatoes Jan-03 Dec-04

Sweet Potatoes Oct-08 Ongoing

Tomatoes 1 Jul-96 Jun-99

Tomatoes Jan-03 Dec-04

Tomatoes Jan-07 Dec-08

Watermelon 8 Oct-05 Sep-06

Winter Squash 2 Jan-97 Jun-99

Winter Squash Jul-04 Jun-06

1

 Excludes sampling hiatus September - November 1996.

2

 Frozen collected when fresh unavailable.

3

 Sampling adjusted for market availability. Cherries were sampled for two years 

 (May-00 - Aug-01) for a total of six months.

4

 Sampling adjusted for market availability. Nectarines were sampled for two years 

 (Jul-00 - Sep-01) for a total of six months.

5

 Sampling adjusted for market availability. Peaches were sampled for two years

 (Jan-01 - Sep-02) for a total of sixteen months.

6

 Dried plums (prunes) were collected when fresh plums were not available.

7

 Spinach ended 1earlier than planned due to the unavailibility of product. 8

 Samples collected in California, Florida, and Texas only.

(S-1) Special single serving project testing for organophosphates.

(S-2) Special single serving project testing for carbamates.

(S-3) Special single serving project testing for carbamate, organochlorine, 

 organophosphate, organonitrogen, and sulfur compounds.

(S-4) Special single serving project testing for aldicarb.

(T-1) Triazole parent and metabolite compounds only.

(TSP) Triazole Sampling Project. Samples sent to contract laboratory.

Appendix A. Page 3 of 6
Processed Commodities

Commodity Start Date End Date

Almonds Jul-07 Mar-08

Apple Juice 1 Jul-96 Dec-98

Apple Juice Jan-02 Dec-02

Apple Juice Jul-07 Jun-08

Applesauce Jul-02 Dec-02

Applesauce Jan-06 Dec-06

Asparagus, Canned Jul-03 Dec-03

Beans, Canned (4 varieties) Oct-08 Ongoing

Blueberries, Frozen 2 Jan-07 Dec-08

Corn Syrup 3 Jan-98 Jun-99

Grape Juice Jan-98 Dec-99

Grape Juice Jan-08 Dec-08

Green Beans, Canned/Frozen 1 Jan-96 Jun-98

Green Beans, Canned Jan-03 Mar-04

Green Beans, Frozen Apr-05 Dec-05

Honey Oct-07 Sep-08

Orange Juice Jan-97 Dec-98

Orange Juice Oct-04 Sep-06

Peaches, Canned Dec-96 Dec-97

Peaches, Canned Jan-03 Dec-04

Peaches, Canned (T-1) Jan-03 Mar-03

Peaches, Canned (T-1) Oct-03 Dec-03

Peanut Butter Jan-00 Dec-00

Peanut Butter Jan-06 Dec-06

Peanut Butter (TSP) Jul-03 Dec-03

Pear Juice, Concentrate/Puree Jul-02 Jun-03

Pears, Canned Jul-99 Jun-00

Peas, Canned/Frozen Apr-94 Jun-96

Peas, Canned/Frozen 4 Oct-01 Sep-03

Peas, Frozen Jan-06 Dec-06

Plums, Dried (Prunes) 5 Jan-05 Dec-06

Potatoes, Frozen Jan-06 Dec-07

Raisins Jul-06 Jun-07

Spinach, Canned Oct-97 Dec-98

Spinach, Frozen Jan-99 Dec-99

Spinach, Canned Jan-04 Jun-04

Appendix A. Page 4 of 6
Commodity Start Date End Date

Strawberries, Frozen 2 Jan-98 Sep-00

Sweet Corn, Canned/Frozen Apr-94 Mar-96

Sweet Corn, Cob/Canned/Frozen Oct-08 Ongoing

Sweet Corn, Canned/Frozen 4 Oct-01 Sep-03

Tomato Paste, Canned Jan-01 Jun-01

Tomatoes, Canned Jul-99 Jun-00

Winter Squash, Frozen 2 Jan-97 Jun-99

1 Excludes sampling hiatus September - November 1996

2 Frozen collected when fresh unavailable

3 Excludes sampling hiatus January 1999

4 Canned samples collected in first year and frozen samples 

in second year of testing.

5 Dried plums (prunes) were collected when fresh plums were not available.

(T-1) Triazole parent and metabolite compounds only.

(TSP) Triazole Sampling Project. Samples sent to contract laboratory.

Appendix A. Page 5 of 6
Grains

Commodity Start Date End Date

Barley Oct-01 Sep-03

Corn Oct-06 Sep-08

Oats Jul-99 Apr-00

Rice Oct-00 Sep-02

Rice Oct-08 Ongoing

Soybeans Sep-96 Feb-98

Soybeans Oct-03 Sep-05

Soybean Rust/Aphid Oct-05 Dec-05

Wheat Feb-95 Jan-98

Wheat Sep-04 Jun-06

Wheat Flour Jan-03 Dec-04

Wheat Flour (T-1) Jan-03 Dec-03

Dairy

Commodity Start Date End Date

Butter Jan-03 Dec-03

Heavy Cream Jul-05 Dec-05

Heavy Cream Jan-07 Dec-07

Milk 1 Jan-96 Oct-98

Milk (TSP) Jul-03 Dec-03

Milk Jan-04 Dec-05

Meat / Poultry / Fish Products

Commodity Type Start Date End Date

Poultry Young Chickens Apr-00 Mar-01

Poultry Young & Mature Chickens Jan-06 Dec-06

Beef Cows, Heifers, Steers Jun-01 Jul-02

Pork Gilt, Barrow Jan-05 Jun-05

Fish Catfish Apr-08 Ongoing

Drinking Water

States Start Date End Date

Finished Water Only

California, Colorado, Kansas, New York, Texas Mar-01 Dec-03

Raw Intake and Finished Water

Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Jan-04 Ongoing

Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland,

Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina,

North Dakota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio,

Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas,

Virginia, Washington, Washington D.C.

Bottled Water 

10 Participating States Jan-05 Dec-06

Groundwater 

207 Private Wells in 33 States Jan-07 Ongoing

1

 Excludes sampling hiatus September - November 1996

(T-1) Triazole parent and metabolite compounds only.

(TSP) Triazole Sampling Project. Samples sent to contract laboratory.

Appendix A. Page 6 of 6
Appendix B

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Fruit and Vegetables

Appendix B shows residue detections for all fruit and vegetable 

pesticide/commodity pairs tested, including range of values detected, range of 

Limits of Detection (LODs), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

tolerances for each pair. 

In 2007, 9,734 fruit and vegetable samples were analyzed, of which 8,172 

were fresh product and 1,562 were processed product. 

PDP reports tolerance violations to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration 

(FDA) as part of an interagency Memorandum of Understanding between the 

U.S. Department of Agriculture and FDA. Residues reported to FDA are shown 

in the “Pesticide/Commodity” column to the right of the commodity and are 

annotated as “X” (if the residue exceeded the established tolerance) or “V” [if the 

residue did not have a tolerance listed in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 

Title 40, Part 180]. In both cases, these annotations are followed by a number 

indicating the number of samples reported to FDA. 

Action levels (ALs) are shown in this appendix, where applicable, and 

denote Action Level values established by FDA. Under the FQPA, responsibility 

for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In 

the interim, action levels are used. 
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Acephate (insecticide)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.02

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.02

Blueberries 711 1 0.1 0.012 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.02

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 ^ 0.02

Carrots 216 1 0.5 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.02

Celery 739 282 38.2 0.003 - 0.92 0.002 ^ 10

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.034 0.02

Green Beans 739 221 29.9 0.003 - 2.1 0.002 - 0.005 3

Greens, Collard (X-1) 346 1 0.3 0.16 ^ 0.002 - 0.030 0.02

Greens, Kale (X-3) 386 3 0.8 0.050 - 0.24 0.002 - 0.030 0.02

Nectarines 563 0 0.009 ^ 0.02

Peaches 555 0 0.002 ^ 0.02

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 ^ 0.02

Raisins 372 0 0.004 - 0.005 0.02

Summer Squash (X-2) 742 6 0.8 0.008 - 0.46 0.002 - 0.005 0.02

Tomatoes 741 1 0.1 0.015 ^ 0.009 ^ 0.02

TOTAL 8,463 516

Acetamiprid (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 36 34 0.002 - 0.011 0.001 ^ 1.0

Blueberries 504 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 24 3.3 0.001 - 0.033 0.0006 ^ 1.20

Celery 739 212 28.7 0.001 - 0.067 0.0006 - 0.001 3.00

Green Beans 528 1 0.2 0.013 ^ 0.010 ^ 0.60

Greens, Collard 353 13 3.7 0.002 - 0.64 0.001 - 0.010 1.20

Greens, Kale (X-1) 383 36 9.4 0.002 - 1.6 0.001 - 0.010 1.20

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 ^ 0.01

Raisins 372 13 3.5 0.002 - 0.030 0.001 - 0.050 0.20

Summer Squash 2 2 100 0.006 - 0.008 0.001 ^ 0.5

Tomatoes 741 13 1.8 0.012 - 0.096 0.007 - 0.014 0.20

TOTAL 5,284 350

Acibenzolar S methyl (plant activator) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.007 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.007 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.007 ^ 1.0

Celery 525 0 0.007 - 0.045 0.25

Tomatoes 741 0 0.021 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 2,526 0

Aldicarb (insecticide) 

Bananas 506 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Celery 525 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.007 1

TOTAL 4,142 0

Aldicarb sulfone (metabolite of Aldicarb)

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT

APPENDIX B. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Appendix B. Page 1 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Celery 510 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 14 1.8 0.002 - 0.004 0.001 - 0.009 1

TOTAL 3,098 14

Aldicarb sulfoxide (metabolite of Aldicarb)

Bananas 506 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 31 3.9 0.002 - 0.021 0.001 - 0.005 1

TOTAL 2,355 31

Aldrin (insecticide) (parent of Dieldrin)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.03 AL

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.02 AL

Blueberries 711 0 0.003 - 0.007 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.003 - 0.007 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.007 ^ 0.03 AL

Carrots 744 0 0.003 - 0.023 0.1 AL

Celery 739 0 0.003 - 0.007 0.03 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.003 - 0.020 0.03 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.006 ^ 0.03 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.003 ^ 0.02 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.05 AL

TOTAL 8,308 0

Allethrin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.010 - 0.030 NT

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 207 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.010 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.005 - 0.010 NT

Peaches (V-1) 555 1 0.2 0.12 ^ 0.010 ^ NT

Raisins 371 0 0.020 - 0.030 NT

Tomatoes 741 0 0.023 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,191 1

Ametryn (herbicide) 

Bananas 744 0 0.010 ^ 0.25

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,795 0

Atrazine (herbicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries (V-1) 504 1 0.2 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 720 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,772 1

Azinphos methyl (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 1 0.3 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.024 1.5

Bananas 528 0 0.011 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 64 9 0.005 - 0.35 0.003 - 0.040 5.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 1 4.5 0.020 ^ 0.003 - 0.012 5.0

Broccoli 246 0 0.012 ^ 2.0

Appendix B. Page 2 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Celery 739 0 0.003 - 0.012 2.0

Cherries 419 64 15.3 0.002 - 0.28 0.001 - 0.008 2.0

Green Beans 739 0 0.003 - 0.011 2.0

Greens, Collard 226 0 0.011 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 278 0 0.011 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 173 30.7 0.005 - 0.20 0.003 ^ 2.0

Peaches 555 173 31.2 0.002 - 0.62 0.001 - 0.008 2.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.008 0.2

Raisins 372 0 0.012 - 0.015 4.0

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 2.0

TOTAL 7,307 476

Azoxystrobin (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.0005 ^ NT

Bananas 744 31 4.2 0.0008 - 0.031 0.0005 - 0.002 0.1

Blueberries 711 47 6.6 0.0008 - 0.20 0.0005 - 0.0009 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 1 4.5 0.002 ^ 0.0005 - 0.0009 3.0

Broccoli 736 40 5.4 0.002 - 0.23 0.0009 ^ 3.0

Carrots 744 124 16.7 0.0008 - 0.020 0.0005 - 0.0008 0.5

Celery 739 173 23.4 0.0008 - 0.36 0.0005 - 0.0009 30.0

Cherries 419 10 2.4 0.0005 - 0.16 0.0004 - 0.0005 1.5

Green Beans 739 183 24.8 0.0008 - 0.74 0.0005 - 0.002 3.0

Greens, Collard 353 132 37.4 0.0008 - 3.7 0.0005 - 0.002 25

Greens, Kale 383 84 21.9 0.0008 - 3.4 0.0005 - 0.002 25

Nectarines 563 15 2.7 0.010 - 0.043 0.002 - 0.006 1.5

Peaches 555 12 2.2 0.0008 - 0.087 0.0005 - 0.001 1.5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 2 0.2 0.0008 ^ 0.0005 - 0.001 0.03

Raisins 372 7 1.9 0.0008 - 0.004 0.0005 - 0.030 1.0

Summer Squash 742 9 1.2 0.0008 - 0.012 0.0005 - 0.030 0.3

Tomatoes 741 74 10 0.003 - 0.031 0.002 - 0.006 0.2

TOTAL 9,451 944

Bendiocarb (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.020 SU

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.005 SU

Blueberries 711 0 0.002 - 0.040 SU

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.040 SU

Broccoli 446 0 0.040 ^ SU

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.004 SU

Celery 566 0 0.002 - 0.040 SU

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.004 SU

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.005 SU

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.002 - 0.005 SU

Greens, Kale 383 0 0.002 - 0.005 SU

Nectarines 563 0 0.010 ^ SU

Peaches 555 0 0.001 - 0.002 SU

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 SU

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.030 SU

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.015 SU

Tomatoes 741 0 0.010 ^ SU

TOTAL 9,268 0

Benoxacor (herbicide safener) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.004 ^ 0.01

Celery 214 0 0.004 - 0.015 0.01

Cherries 399 0 0.004 ^ 0.01

Green Beans 211 0 0.004 ^ 0.01

Nectarines 563 0 0.019 ^ 0.01

Peaches 555 0 0.003 - 0.004 0.01

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 - 0.004 0.01

Tomatoes 741 0 0.011 ^ 0.01

TOTAL 3,571 0

Appendix B. Page 3 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

BHC alpha (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.05 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.05 AL

Broccoli 551 0 0.007 ^ 0.05 AL

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.026 0.3 AL

Celery 739 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.05 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.037 0.05 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.004 ^ 0.05 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 ^ 0.05 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

TOTAL 7,907 0

BHC beta (isomer of BHC alpha)

Nectarines 563 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

TOTAL 1,304 0

Bifenazate (acaricide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.020 ^ 0.75

Cherries 122 0 0.020 ^ 2.5

Peaches 371 4 1.1 0.033 - 0.084 0.020 - 0.030 2.5

Potatoes, Frozen 419 0 0.001 - 0.020 0.05

Raisins 108 5 4.6 0.067 ^ 0.040 ^ 1.2

Summer Squash 214 0 0.020 ^ 0.75

TOTAL 1,340 9

Bifenthrin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.008 - 0.010 0.05

Bananas 744 0 0.010 - 0.011 0.1

Blueberries 711 21 3 0.005 - 0.011 0.003 - 0.010 0.05

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05

Broccoli 736 8 1.1 0.005 - 0.027 0.003 ^ 0.6

Carrots 744 0 0.010 - 0.015 0.05

Celery 739 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.05

Cherries 419 189 45.1 0.0006 - 0.007 0.0006 - 0.010 0.05

Green Beans 739 33 4.5 0.017 - 0.18 0.010 - 0.038 0.6

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.010 ^ 3.5

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.010 ^ 3.5

Nectarines 563 0 0.037 ^ 0.05

Peaches 555 2 0.4 0.034 - 0.038 0.010 ^ 0.05

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.010 ^ 0.05

Raisins 371 0 0.020 - 0.030 0.2

Summer Squash 742 33 4.4 0.007 - 0.052 0.004 - 0.010 0.4

Tomatoes 741 17 2.3 0.038 - 0.11 0.023 ^ 0.15

TOTAL 9,207 303

Bitertanol (fungicide) 

Bananas 528 1 0.2 0.011 ^ 0.010 ^ 0.2

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 288 0 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,580 1

Appendix B. Page 4 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Boscalid (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.003 - 0.030 3.0

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ 0.20

Blueberries 711 247 34.7 0.004 - 1.7 0.003 - 0.006 3.5

Blueberries, Frozen 22 8 36.4 0.010 - 0.55 0.003 - 0.006 3.5

Broccoli 736 4 0.5 0.010 - 0.11 0.006 ^ 3.0

Carrots 744 75 10.1 0.004 - 0.093 0.003 - 0.025 0.7

Celery 739 14 1.9 0.004 - 0.031 0.003 - 0.006 45

Cherries 122 79 64.8 0.004 - 0.17 0.003 ^ 1.7

Green Beans 739 28 3.8 0.004 - 0.76 0.003 - 0.010 1.6

Greens, Collard 353 37 10.5 0.004 - 0.92 0.003 - 0.010 18.0

Greens, Kale 383 30 7.8 0.004 - 0.052 0.003 - 0.010 18.0

Nectarines 563 9 1.6 0.042 ^ 0.025 ^ 1.7

Peaches 555 87 15.7 0.002 - 0.51 0.001 - 0.003 1.7

Potatoes, Frozen 800 6 0.8 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.003 0.05

Raisins 372 106 28.5 0.004 - 0.24 0.003 - 0.030 8.5

Summer Squash 742 3 0.4 0.004 ^ 0.003 - 0.030 1.6

Tomatoes 741 3 0.4 0.060 ^ 0.036 ^ 1.2

TOTAL 9,218 736

Buprofezin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.015 - 0.040 4.0

Bananas 744 0 0.015 ^ 0.20

Blueberries (V-4) 504 4 0.8 0.0002 - 0.002 0.0001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0001 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-2) 736 2 0.3 0.0002 - 0.0009 0.0001 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.0001 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.015 ^ 0.02

Peaches 555 0 0.015 ^ 9.0

Raisins 372 0 0.030 - 0.050 2.5

Summer Squash 742 0 0.015 - 0.040 0.50

Tomatoes 741 5 0.7 0.060 - 0.20 0.036 ^ 0.40

TOTAL 6,046 11

Cadusafos (insecticide) 

Bananas 216 0 0.005 ^ 0.01

TOTAL 216 0

Captafol (fungicide) (parent of THPI)

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

TOTAL 528 0

Captan (fungicide) (parent of THPI)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.010 - 0.012 25.0

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 207 48 23.2 0.020 - 1.7 0.012 ^ 25

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.012 ^ 25

Carrots 179 0 0.012 ^ 2

Celery 214 0 0.012 ^ 50

Cherries 419 3 0.7 0.17 - 0.53 0.012 - 0.021 100

Green Beans 157 1 0.6 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ 25

Greens, Collard 117 1 0.9 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ 2

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.012 ^ 2

Nectarines 563 3 0.5 0.027 - 0.21 0.016 ^ 50

Peaches 555 18 3.2 0.020 - 0.53 0.012 ^ 50

Potatoes, Frozen 441 0 0.012 ^ 25

Raisins 372 2 0.5 0.017 - 0.092 0.010 - 0.024 50

Summer Squash 706 8 1.1 0.017 - 0.074 0.010 - 0.012 25

Tomatoes 741 0 0.015 ^ 25

TOTAL 5,665 84

Appendix B. Page 5 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Carbaryl (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 14 3.8 0.003 - 0.031 0.002 - 0.020 10.0

Bananas 744 1 0.1 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.010 10

Blueberries 711 49 6.9 0.0005 - 0.85 0.0003 - 0.002 10

Blueberries, Frozen 22 4 18.2 0.0005 - 0.071 0.0003 - 0.002 10

Broccoli 736 2 0.3 0.001 - 0.003 0.001 ^ 10

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.006 10

Celery 739 6 0.8 0.0005 - 4.8 0.0003 - 0.002 10

Cherries 419 68 16.2 0.003 - 0.84 0.002 - 0.004 10

Green Beans 739 7 0.9 0.011 - 0.32 0.002 - 0.010 10

Greens, Collard 353 2 0.6 0.61 - 1.7 0.002 - 0.010 12

Greens, Kale 383 1 0.3 0.23 ^ 0.002 - 0.010 12

Nectarines 563 35 6.2 0.010 - 1.5 0.006 ^ 10

Peaches 555 87 15.7 0.002 - 0.67 0.001 - 0.002 10

Potatoes, Frozen 800 5 0.6 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.002 0.2

Raisins 372 4 1.1 0.003 - 0.12 0.002 - 0.006 10

Summer Squash 742 1 0.1 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 10

Tomatoes 741 0 0.006 ^ 10

TOTAL 9,731 286

Carbendazim - MBC (fungicide) (metabolite of Benomyl)

Bananas 528 1 0.2 0.040 ^ 0.010 ^ 1.0

Blueberries (X-1) 504 139 27.6 0.0005 - 8.0 0.0003 - 0.001 7.0

Blueberries, Frozen 20 7 35 0.0005 - 0.098 0.0003 - 0.001 7.0

Broccoli 736 1 0.1 0.0005 ^ 0.0003 ^ 0.2

Celery 525 3 0.6 0.015 - 0.047 0.0003 ^ 3.0

Cherries 297 3 1 0.027 - 0.071 0.020 ^ 15.0

Green Beans 528 114 21.6 0.010 - 1.8 0.010 ^ 2.0

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ 0.2

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 3,661 268

Carbofuran (insecticide) (parent of 3-Hydroxycarbofuran)

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.1

Blueberries 504 0 0.0003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0003 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-2) 736 2 0.3 0.0005 ^ 0.0003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.0003 ^ NT

Cherries 297 0 0.011 ^ NT

Green Beans (V-2) 528 2 0.4 0.069 - 0.14 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 3 0.4 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.002 2

Raisins 372 1 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 2.0

Summer Squash 742 1 0.1 0.010 ^ 0.002 - 0.006 0.8

TOTAL 5,791 9

Carbophenothion (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 706 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Celery 504 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

TOTAL 1,734 0

Carfentrazone ethyl (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.020 0.10

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.20

Blueberries 711 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.10

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.10

Broccoli 736 0 0.001 - 0.004 0.10

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.10

Celery 724 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.10

Appendix B. Page 6 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Cherries 122 0 0.002 ^ 0.10

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.10

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.10

Greens, Kale 386 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.10

Nectarines 563 0 0.034 ^ 0.10

Peaches 151 0 0.002 ^ 0.10

Potatoes, Frozen 243 0 0.002 ^ 0.10

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.030 0.10

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.020 0.10

Tomatoes 741 0 0.034 ^ 0.10

TOTAL 8,461 0

Chlordane cis (insecticide) (isomer of Chlordane)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Bananas 744 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Blueberries 711 0 0.0007 - 0.002 0.1 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.0007 - 0.002 0.1 AL

Broccoli 736 0 0.0007 ^ 0.1 AL

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Celery 739 0 0.0007 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Summer Squash 742 20 2.7 0.003 - 0.029 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL

TOTAL 8,308 20

Chlordane trans (insecticide) (isomer of Chlordane)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Bananas 744 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Blueberries 711 0 0.0007 - 0.002 0.1 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.0007 - 0.002 0.1 AL

Broccoli 736 0 0.0007 ^ 0.1 AL

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Celery 739 2 0.3 0.007 - 0.008 0.0007 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Summer Squash 742 12 1.6 0.003 - 0.025 0.002 ^ 0.1 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL

TOTAL 8,308 14

Chlorfenapyr (insecticide) 

Tomatoes 741 2 0.3 0.045 - 0.16 0.027 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 741 2

Chlorfenvinphos (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.004 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.004 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.004 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Appendix B. Page 7 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Chlorothalonil (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.008 ^ NT

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.5

Blueberries 207 11 5.3 0.013 - 0.076 0.008 ^ 1.0

Blueberries, Frozen 2 1 50 0.013 ^ 0.008 ^ 1.0

Carrots 216 0 0.008 ^ 1

Celery 214 85 39.7 0.010 - 1.1 0.008 ^ 15

Cherries 122 0 0.008 ^ 0.5

Green Beans (X-1) 717 112 15.6 0.008 - 9.1 0.008 - 0.038 5

Greens, Collard (V-1) 1 1 100 0.013 ^ 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Kale (V-1) 1 1 100 0.070 ^ 0.008 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.011 ^ 0.5

Peaches 555 2 0.4 0.075 - 0.085 0.008 ^ 0.5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.008 ^ 0.1

Summer Squash 742 28 3.8 0.013 - 0.20 0.008 - 0.010 5

Tomatoes 741 116 15.7 0.007 - 0.34 0.004 ^ 5

TOTAL 5,713 357

Chlorpropham (herbicide, growth regulator)

Bananas 528 0 0.011 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.006 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-1) 736 1 0.1 0.064 ^ 0.006 - 0.020 NT

Carrots (V-1) 1 1 100 0.017 ^ 0.010 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.006 ^ NT

Green Beans (V-1) 528 1 0.2 0.085 ^ 0.038 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.038 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.038 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 391 48.9 0.017 - 3.7 0.010 ^ 50

TOTAL 4,168 394

Chlorpyrifos (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.008 1.5

Bananas 744 3 0.4 0.006 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 0.1

Blueberries 711 9 1.3 0.002 - 0.012 0.001 - 0.004 2

Blueberries, Frozen 22 1 4.5 0.006 ^ 0.001 - 0.004 2

Broccoli 736 50 6.8 0.002 - 0.017 0.001 ^ 1

Carrots 744 1 0.1 0.044 ^ 0.002 - 0.020 0.1

Celery 739 17 2.3 0.002 - 0.014 0.001 - 0.004 0.1

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.004 1

Green Beans 739 8 1.1 0.003 - 0.045 0.002 - 0.004 0.05

Greens, Collard (X-1) 353 10 2.8 0.006 - 6.3 0.004 - 0.013 2.0

Greens, Kale 386 20 5.2 0.006 - 0.12 0.004 ^ 2.0

Nectarines 563 89 15.8 0.008 - 0.070 0.005 ^ 0.1

Peaches 555 100 18 0.003 - 0.19 0.002 - 0.004 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1

Raisins 372 2 0.5 0.007 ^ 0.004 - 0.008 0.5

Summer Squash (X-1) 742 5 0.7 0.007 - 0.33 0.002 - 0.004 0.1

Tomatoes 741 24 3.2 0.008 - 0.055 0.005 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 9,734 339

Clethodim (herbicide) 

Tomatoes 741 0 0.031 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 741 0

Clofentezine (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.007 ^ 0.5

Broccoli 474 0 0.022 - 0.045 NT

Carrots (V-1) 1 1 100 0.004 ^ 0.003 ^ NT

Cherries 122 0 0.007 ^ 1.0

Peaches 151 11 7.3 0.012 - 0.052 0.007 ^ 1.0

Raisins 108 0 0.007 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 962 12

Appendix B. Page 8 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Clomazone (herbicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.008 - 0.015 0.05

Summer Squash 742 0 0.008 - 0.020 0.1

TOTAL 3,794 0

Clopyralid (herbicide) 

Nectarines 563 6 1.1 0.025 ^ 0.015 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 563 6

Clothianidin (insecticide) (also a metabolite of Thiamethoxam)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.020 1.0

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 207 1 0.5 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.2

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.002 ^ 0.2

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.02

Cherries 397 2 0.5 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.030 0.5

Green Beans (X-1) 739 1 0.1 0.054 ^ 0.002 - 0.010 0.02

Greens, Collard 236 1 0.4 0.026 ^ 0.010 ^ 3.0

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ 3.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.009 - 0.018 0.5

Peaches 555 1 0.2 0.015 ^ 0.002 - 0.003 0.5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 11 1.4 0.003 - 0.005 0.002 - 0.003 0.25

Summer Squash 214 6 2.8 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.2

Tomatoes 741 5 0.7 0.015 - 0.030 0.009 - 0.018 0.25

TOTAL 6,381 28

Coumaphos (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.006 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.006 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.006 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,295 0

Coumaphos oxygen analog (metabolite of Coumaphos)

Blueberries 504 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.008 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.008 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.008 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,295 0

Cyazofamid (fungicide) 

Tomatoes 741 2 0.3 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ 0.20

TOTAL 741 2

Cycloate (herbicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Celery (V-10) 525 10 1.9 0.001 - 0.003 0.0006 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 10

Cyfluthrin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.030 - 0.050 0.5

Bananas 744 0 0.023 - 0.030 0.05

Blueberries 711 0 0.030 - 0.27 0.05

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.030 - 0.041 0.05

Appendix B. Page 9 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Broccoli 736 0 0.041 - 0.57 2.5

Carrots 744 0 0.030 - 0.050 0.20

Celery 739 0 0.030 - 0.27 6.0

Cherries 419 0 0.012 - 0.030 0.3

Green Beans 739 0 0.030 - 0.38 0.05

Greens, Collard 353 16 4.5 0.050 - 1.5 0.030 - 0.075 7.0

Greens, Kale 386 4 1 0.050 - 1.2 0.030 - 0.075 7.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.068 ^ 0.3

Peaches 555 7 1.3 0.025 - 0.17 0.015 - 0.030 0.3

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.015 - 0.030 0.05

Raisins 371 0 0.050 - 0.060 3.5

Summer Squash 742 0 0.030 - 0.050 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.052 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 9,733 27

Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) (insecticide) ** 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.025 ^ 0.30

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ 0.01

Blueberries (X-3) 504 7 1.4 0.010 - 0.13 0.006 ^ 0.01

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Broccoli 736 11 1.5 0.010 - 0.12 0.006 ^ 0.4

Carrots 528 0 0.008 ^ 0.01

Celery 511 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Cherries 297 16 5.4 0.004 - 0.030 0.004 ^ 0.50

Green Beans 528 0.050 ^ 0.20

Greens, Collard (X-3) 236 3 1.3 0.082 - 0.45 0.050 ^ 0.01

Greens, Kale (X-3) 290 3 1 0.071 - 0.20 0.050 ^ 0.01

Raisins 263 0 0.050 ^ 0.01

Summer Squash 528 0 0.025 ^ 0.05

TOTAL 5,231 40

Cyhalothrin, Lambda (insecticide) (includes gamma isomer)

Apple Juice 106 0 0.006 ^ 0.30

Bananas 216 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Blueberries 207 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Carrots 216 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Celery 214 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Cherries 122 10 8.2 0.010 - 0.045 0.006 ^ 0.50

Green Beans 211 1 0.5 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 0.20

Greens, Collard (X-5) 117 7 6 0.010 - 0.099 0.006 ^ 0.01

Greens, Kale 96 1 1 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 0.01

Nectarines 563 1 0.2 0.065 ^ 0.039 ^ 0.50

Peaches 555 101 18.2 0.005 - 0.043 0.003 - 0.006 0.50

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.02

Raisins 108 0 0.012 ^ 0.01

Summer Squash 214 0 0.006 ^ 0.05

Tomatoes 741 0 0.032 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 4,488 121

Cyhalothrin, epimer R157836 (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.006 ^ 0.30

Bananas 216 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Blueberries 207 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Carrots 216 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Celery 214 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Cherries 122 0 0.006 ^ 0.50

Green Beans 211 0 0.006 ^ 0.20

Greens, Collard 117 3 2.6 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 0.01

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.006 ^ 0.01

Nectarines 563 0 0.037 ^ 0.50

Peaches 555 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.50

Appendix B. Page 10 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.02

Raisins 108 0 0.012 ^ 0.01

Summer Squash 214 0 0.006 ^ 0.05

Tomatoes 741 0 0.051 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 4,488 3

Cymoxanil (fungicide)

Tomatoes 741 0 0.015 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 741 0

Cypermethrin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.030 - 0.066 2

Bananas 528 0 0.023 ^ 0.05

Blueberries 711 0 0.030 - 0.34 0.8

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.030 - 0.051 0.8

Broccoli 736 5 0.7 0.086 ^ 0.051 - 0.71 2.00

Carrots 744 0 0.030 - 0.059 0.1

Celery 739 2 0.3 0.050 - 0.086 0.030 - 0.051 10.00

Cherries 419 0 0.023 - 0.030 1

Green Beans 739 7 0.9 0.050 - 0.21 0.030 - 0.075 0.5

Greens, Collard 341 62 18.2 0.050 - 5.0 0.030 - 0.075 14.00

Greens, Kale 376 36 9.6 0.050 - 2.9 0.030 - 0.075 14.00

Nectarines 563 0 0.066 ^ 1

Peaches 555 0 0.015 - 0.030 1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.015 - 0.030 0.1

Summer Squash 742 0 0.030 - 0.066 0.2

Tomatoes 741 0 0.056 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 9,124 112

Cyprodinil (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.008 - 0.050 0.1

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 207 38 18.4 0.013 - 0.16 0.008 ^ 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.008 ^ 3.0

Carrots 744 0 0.008 - 0.009 0.75

Celery (V-2) 2 2 100 0.013 - 0.049 0.008 ^ NT

Cherries 122 0 0.008 ^ 2.0

Green Beans 739 5 0.7 0.024 - 0.088 0.008 ^ 0.6

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.008 ^ 10.0

Greens, Kale 386 0 0.008 ^ 10.0

Nectarines 563 13 2.3 0.013 - 0.23 0.008 ^ 2.0

Peaches 151 2 1.3 0.039 - 0.051 0.008 ^ 2.0

Raisins 372 0 0.016 - 0.050 3.0

TOTAL 4,537 60

Cyromazine (insect growth regulator) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ 1.0

Celery 525 191 36.4 0.004 - 0.051 0.002 ^ 7.0

TOTAL 1,785 191

DCPA (herbicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries (V-2) 504 2 0.4 0.001 - 0.004 0.0007 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0007 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 369 50.1 0.001 - 0.056 0.0007 ^ 5

Celery (V-64) 527 64 12.1 0.001 - 0.012 0.0007 - 0.003 NT

Green Beans 739 6 0.8 0.005 - 0.025 0.003 - 0.008 2

Greens, Collard 117 50 42.7 0.005 - 0.091 0.003 ^ 5

Greens, Kale 96 58 60.4 0.005 - 0.57 0.003 ^ 5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 ^ 2

Appendix B. Page 11 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Summer Squash 742 2 0.3 0.005 - 0.017 0.003 - 0.030 1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.006 ^ 1

TOTAL 5,550 551

DDD o,p' (metabolite of DDT)

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL

Broccoli 731 0 0.001 ^ 0.5 AL

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ 0.5 AL

TOTAL 1,780 0

DDD p,p' (metabolite of DDT)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.004 - 0.030 0.1 AL

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.001 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.001 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Broccoli 736 1 0.1 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.5 AL

Carrots 744 0 0.004 - 0.006 3 AL

Celery 739 0 0.001 - 0.004 0.5 AL

Cherries 122 0 0.004 ^ 0.2 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.004 ^ 0.2 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.004 ^ 0.5 AL

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.004 ^ 0.5 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.007 ^ 0.2 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.004 ^ 0.2 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.004 ^ 1 AL

Raisins 372 0 0.008 - 0.030 0.1 AL

Summer Squash 742 0 0.004 - 0.030 0.1 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.005 ^ 0.05 AL

TOTAL 8,167 1

DDE p,p' (metabolite of DDT)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.004 - 0.015 0.1 AL

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Broccoli 736 14 1.9 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.5 AL

Carrots 744 209 28.1 0.003 - 0.040 0.003 - 0.004 3 AL

Celery 739 65 8.8 0.003 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.004 0.5 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.2 AL

Green Beans 211 3 1.4 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ 0.2 AL

Greens, Collard 117 15 12.8 0.007 - 0.021 0.004 ^ 0.5 AL

Greens, Kale 96 40 41.7 0.007 - 0.033 0.004 ^ 0.5 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.006 ^ 0.2 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.004 ^ 0.2 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.004 ^ 1 AL

Raisins 372 0 0.008 - 0.030 0.1 AL

Summer Squash 742 6 0.8 0.007 ^ 0.004 - 0.015 0.1 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.005 ^ 0.05 AL

TOTAL 8,464 352

DDT o,p' (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ 0.1 AL

Broccoli 736 0 0.001 ^ 0.5 AL

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ 0.5 AL

TOTAL 1,785 0

DDT p,p' (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.004 ^ 0.1 AL

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Appendix B. Page 12 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1 AL

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ 0.5 AL

Carrots 744 2 0.3 0.007 ^ 0.004 - 0.030 3 AL

Celery 739 4 0.5 0.003 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.004 0.5 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.2 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.004 ^ 0.2 AL

Greens, Collard 117 8 6.8 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ 0.5 AL

Greens, Kale 96 11 11.5 0.007 - 0.018 0.004 ^ 0.5 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.010 ^ 0.2 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.004 ^ 0.2 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.004 ^ 1 AL

Raisins 108 0 0.008 ^ 0.1 AL

Summer Squash 214 2 0.9 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ 0.1 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.010 ^ 0.05 AL

TOTAL 7,410 27

Deltamethrin (includes parent Tralomethrin) (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.015 - 0.050 0.2

Bananas 744 0 0.015 - 0.023 0.05

Blueberries 372 0 0.015 - 0.16 0.05

Blueberries, Frozen 9 0 0.015 - 0.16 0.05

Carrots 744 0 0.015 - 0.030 0.2

Celery 387 0 0.015 - 0.080 0.05

Cherries 419 0 0.015 - 0.12 0.05

Green Beans 716 0 0.015 - 0.075 0.05

Greens, Collard 332 0 0.015 - 0.075 0.05

Greens, Kale 363 0 0.015 - 0.075 0.05

Nectarines 563 0 0.042 ^ 0.05

Peaches 555 0 0.008 - 0.015 0.05

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.008 - 0.015 0.05

Raisins 371 0 0.030 - 0.050 0.05

Summer Squash 742 0 0.015 - 0.050 0.2

Tomatoes 741 0 0.042 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 8,226 0

Diazinon (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.001 - 0.008 0.5

Bananas 744 0 0.001 - 0.005 0.2

Blueberries 711 1 0.1 0.003 ^ 0.001 - 0.002 0.5

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.5

Broccoli 246 0 0.002 ^ 0.7

Carrots 744 39 5.2 0.004 - 0.045 0.001 - 0.004 0.75

Celery 739 12 1.6 0.003 - 0.088 0.001 - 0.002 0.7

Cherries 397 1 0.3 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.010 0.75

Green Beans 739 0 0.001 - 0.005 0.5

Greens, Collard 353 14 4 0.003 - 0.48 0.002 - 0.005 0.7

Greens, Kale (X-1) 386 19 4.9 0.003 - 2.1 0.002 - 0.005 0.7

Nectarines 563 13 2.3 0.010 - 0.045 0.006 ^ 0.5

Peaches 555 19 3.4 0.003 - 0.008 0.001 - 0.002 0.7

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.1

Raisins 372 0 0.004 ^ 0.75

Summer Squash 742 0 0.001 - 0.004 0.5

Tomatoes 741 2 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 0.75

TOTAL 9,222 120

Diazinon oxygen analog (metabolite of Diazinon)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Bananas 723 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

Broccoli 706 0 0.003 ^ NT

Carrots 744 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT

Celery 739 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

Appendix B. Page 13 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Cherries 419 0 0.0004 - 0.003 NT

Green Beans 695 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT

Greens, Collard 332 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT

Greens, Kale 361 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.013 ^ NT

Peaches 555 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

Raisins 372 0 0.004 - 0.006 NT

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT

Tomatoes 741 0 0.013 ^ NT

TOTAL 9,593 0

Dichlobenil (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.005 ^ 0.5

Bananas 462 0 0.013 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.005 - 0.019 0.15

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.005 - 0.019 0.15

Broccoli 736 0 0.019 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.019 ^ NT

Cherries 122 0 0.005 ^ 0.15

Green Beans 419 0 0.013 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 201 0 0.013 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 266 0 0.013 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.015 ^ 0.15

Peaches 555 0 0.005 ^ 0.15

Raisins 372 0 0.010 - 0.030 0.15

Summer Squash 131 0 0.030 ^ NT

TOTAL 5,191 0

Dichlorvos - DDVP (insecticide) (also a metabolite of Naled)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.001 - 0.006 0.5

Bananas 744 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.5

Blueberries 711 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.5

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.5

Celery 739 0 0.001 - 0.003 3

Cherries 419 0 0.001 - 0.015 0.5

Green Beans 739 0 0.001 - 0.008 0.5

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.002 - 0.050 3

Greens, Kale 386 0 0.002 - 0.050 3

Nectarines 563 0 0.003 ^ 0.5

Peaches 555 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.5

Raisins 372 1 0.3 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.004 0.5

Summer Squash 742 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.5

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.05

TOTAL 8,254 1

Dicloran (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.006 ^ NT

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-5) 736 5 0.7 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Carrots 744 0 0.006 - 0.025 10

Celery 724 326 45 0.010 - 2.5 0.006 - 0.013 15

Cherries 419 0 0.006 - 0.025 20

Green Beans 673 16 2.4 0.040 - 1.9 0.006 - 0.013 20

Greens, Collard (V-1) 214 1 0.5 0.018 ^ 0.013 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 269 0 0.013 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 3 0.5 0.023 - 0.17 0.014 ^ 20

Peaches 555 9 1.6 0.010 - 0.31 0.006 ^ 20

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.006 ^ 0.25

Appendix B. Page 14 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Raisins 372 0 0.012 - 0.030 10

Tomatoes 741 12 1.6 0.008 - 0.25 0.005 ^ 5

TOTAL 7,950 372

Dicofol o,p' (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Cherries 297 0 0.006 ^ 5

TOTAL 2,082 0

Dicofol p,p' (insecticide) (isomer of Dicofol o,p')

Apple Juice 368 0 0.010 - 0.030 10.0

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.010 - 0.041 5

Green Beans 211 0 0.010 ^ 5

Nectarines 563 1 0.2 0.030 ^ 0.018 ^ 10

Peaches 555 2 0.4 0.057 - 0.13 0.010 ^ 10

Raisins 372 5 1.3 0.033 - 0.52 0.020 - 0.050 5

Summer Squash 742 1 0.1 0.15 ^ 0.010 - 0.030 5

Tomatoes 741 14 1.9 0.033 - 0.65 0.020 ^ 5

TOTAL 6,284 23

Dieldrin (insecticide) (also a metabolite of Aldrin)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.003 ^ 0.03 AL

Bananas 744 0 0.003 - 0.005 0.02 AL

Blueberries 711 0 0.003 - 0.005 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.003 - 0.005 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.005 ^ 0.03 AL

Carrots 744 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.015 0.1 AL

Celery 739 0 0.005 - 0.006 0.03 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.003 - 0.008 0.03 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

Greens, Kale 96 5 5.2 0.005 - 0.011 0.003 ^ 0.05 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.005 ^ 0.03 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.003 ^ 0.02 AL

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL

Summer Squash 742 89 12 0.005 - 0.18 0.003 ^ 0.1 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.05 AL

TOTAL 8,308 95

Difenoconazole (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.10 ^ 0.10

Bananas 560 0 0.005 - 0.010 0.2

TOTAL 822 0

Diflubenzuron (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.007 ^ NT

Blueberries (V-1) 504 1 0.2 0.011 ^ 0.007 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.007 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.007 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.007 ^ NT

Peaches 555 8 1.4 0.002 - 0.023 0.001 - 0.007 0.07

TOTAL 2,428 9

Appendix B. Page 15 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Dimethenamid (herbicide) 

Potatoes, Frozen 557 0 0.001 ^ 0.01

TOTAL 557 0

Dimethoate (insecticide) (parent of Omethoate)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.001 - 0.010 2

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.001 - 0.002 1

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.001 - 0.002 1

Broccoli 691 20 2.9 0.004 - 0.047 0.002 - 0.008 2

Celery 739 80 10.8 0.002 - 0.15 0.001 - 0.002 2

Cherries 122 1 0.8 0.18 ^ 0.001 - 0.002 2

Green Beans 739 48 6.5 0.002 - 1.6 0.001 - 0.005 2

Greens, Collard 353 15 4.2 0.003 - 0.23 0.002 - 0.005 2

Greens, Kale 386 6 1.6 0.003 - 0.076 0.002 - 0.005 2

Peaches 102 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.2

Raisins 372 0 0.004 - 0.005 1

Summer Squash 214 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Tomatoes 741 0 0.006 ^ 2

TOTAL 6,888 170

Dimethomorph (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.10 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.0009 - 0.002 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0009 - 0.002 NT

Broccoli 736 6 0.8 0.003 - 0.005 0.0009 - 0.002 2.0

Celery (V-15) 526 15 2.9 0.002 - 0.004 0.0009 - 0.002 NT

Greens, Collard 117 2 1.7 0.003 - 0.021 0.002 ^ 20.0

Greens, Kale 96 3 3.1 0.003 - 0.18 0.002 ^ 20.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.10 6.0

Summer Squash 742 2 0.3 0.003 - 0.019 0.002 - 0.10 0.5

Tomatoes 741 0 0.095 ^ 1.5

TOTAL 4,916 28

Dinotefuran (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.006 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 8 1.1 0.010 - 0.13 0.006 ^ 1.4

Celery 739 30 4.1 0.008 - 0.25 0.005 - 0.006 5.0

Green Beans (V-19) 528 19 3.6 0.011 - 0.18 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard (V-3) 236 3 1.3 0.012 - 0.12 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale (V-3) 289 3 1 0.008 - 0.044 0.005 - 0.010 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.005 0.05

Raisins 108 0 0.005 ^ 2.5

Summer Squash 214 3 1.4 0.008 - 0.14 0.005 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 4,174 66

Diphenamid (herbicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.010 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.010 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Diphenylamine - DPA (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 5 1.4 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.030 10.0

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Appendix B. Page 16 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.015 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.015 ^ NT

Peaches (V-1) 151 1 0.7 0.017 ^ 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,886 6

Disulfoton (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 706 0 0.002 ^ 0.75

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.75

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.75

Tomatoes 741 0 0.005 ^ 0.75

TOTAL 4,563 0

Disulfoton sulfone (metabolite of Disulfoton)

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.006 ^ NT

Broccoli 646 0 0.006 - 0.021 0.75

Celery 525 0 0.006 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 1 0.1 0.006 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 0.75

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.75

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.75

TOTAL 4,503 1

Disulfoton sulfoxide (metabolite of Disulfoton)

Tomatoes 741 0 0.031 ^ 0.75

TOTAL 741 0

Diuron (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.012 - 0.020 1

Bananas 216 0 0.012 ^ 0.1

Blueberries 504 0 0.008 ^ 1

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.008 ^ 1

Broccoli 736 0 0.008 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.008 ^ NT

Peaches 555 0 0.001 - 0.012 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.012 1

Raisins 108 0 0.012 ^ 1

TOTAL 3,832 0

Endosulfan I (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.003 ^ 1.0

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.3

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.003 - 0.006 0.3

Broccoli 736 11 1.5 0.010 - 0.098 0.006 ^ 3.0

Carrots 744 0 0.003 - 0.025 0.2

Celery 739 32 4.3 0.005 - 0.18 0.003 - 0.006 8.0

Cherries 419 0 0.003 - 0.006 2.0

Green Beans 739 112 15.2 0.005 - 0.17 0.003 - 0.015 2.0

Greens, Collard 117 1 0.9 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ 2.0

Greens, Kale 96 3 3.1 0.051 - 0.18 0.003 ^ 2.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.005 ^ 2.0

Peaches 555 11 2 0.005 - 0.049 0.003 ^ 2.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 ^ 0.2

Appendix B. Page 17 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Raisins 372 0 0.003 - 0.006 2.0

Summer Squash 742 326 43.9 0.005 - 0.17 0.003 ^ 1.0

Tomatoes 741 81 10.9 0.007 - 0.068 0.004 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 8,992 577

Endosulfan II (isomer of Endosulfan)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.003 - 0.004 1.0

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 3 0.4 0.007 - 0.082 0.004 - 0.006 0.3

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.004 - 0.006 0.3

Broccoli 736 5 0.7 0.010 - 0.13 0.006 ^ 3.0

Carrots 744 3 0.4 0.007 ^ 0.004 - 0.030 0.2

Celery 739 20 2.7 0.007 - 0.057 0.004 - 0.006 8.0

Cherries 419 2 0.5 0.007 ^ 0.004 - 0.016 2.0

Green Beans 739 58 7.8 0.007 - 0.19 0.004 - 0.015 2.0

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.004 ^ 2.0

Greens, Kale 96 3 3.1 0.021 - 0.11 0.004 ^ 2.0

Nectarines 563 3 0.5 0.008 ^ 0.005 ^ 2.0

Peaches 555 15 2.7 0.007 - 0.076 0.004 ^ 2.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.004 ^ 0.2

Raisins 372 0 0.003 - 0.008 2.0

Summer Squash 742 108 14.6 0.005 - 0.041 0.003 - 0.004 1.0

Tomatoes 741 134 18.1 0.007 - 0.35 0.004 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 8,992 354

Endosulfan sulfate (metabolite of Endosulfan)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.003 - 0.004 1.0

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 3 0.4 0.007 - 0.13 0.004 - 0.020 0.3

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.004 - 0.020 0.3

Broccoli 720 4 0.6 0.033 - 0.12 0.020 ^ 3.0

Carrots 744 12 1.6 0.007 - 0.041 0.004 - 0.009 0.2

Celery 739 18 2.4 0.007 - 0.11 0.004 - 0.020 8.0

Cherries 419 7 1.7 0.007 - 0.046 0.004 - 0.019 2.0

Green Beans 739 164 22.2 0.007 - 0.78 0.004 - 0.015 2.0

Greens, Collard 353 21 5.9 0.007 - 0.99 0.004 - 0.015 2.0

Greens, Kale 386 26 6.7 0.007 - 0.35 0.004 - 0.015 2.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.007 ^ 2.0

Peaches 555 16 2.9 0.007 - 0.058 0.004 ^ 2.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 53 6.6 0.007 - 0.017 0.004 ^ 0.2

Raisins 372 0 0.003 - 0.008 2.0

Summer Squash 742 499 67.3 0.005 - 0.19 0.003 - 0.004 1.0

Tomatoes 741 126 17 0.008 - 0.072 0.005 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 9,502 949

Endrin (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.007 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.007 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.007 ^ 0.05

Carrots 744 0 0.004 - 0.015 0.05

Celery 525 0 0.007 ^ 0.05

Green Beans 211 0 0.004 ^ 0.05

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.004 ^ 0.05

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.004 ^ 0.05

Peaches 403 0 0.004 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.004 ^ 0.05

Summer Squash 742 8 1.1 0.007 - 0.018 0.004 ^ 0.05

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.05

TOTAL 6,167 8

Appendix B. Page 18 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

EPTC (herbicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.064 ^ 0.1

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.064 ^ 0.1

Broccoli 736 0 0.064 ^ 0.1

Carrots 528 0 0.008 ^ 0.1

Celery 510 0 0.064 ^ 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 557 0 0.020 ^ 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.023 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 3,596 0

Esfenvalerate (insecticide) (isomer of Fenvalerate)

Cherries 297 2 0.7 0.014 - 0.026 0.013 ^ 0.05

Nectarines (X-4) 563 4 0.7 0.10 ^ 0.061 ^ 0.05

Tomatoes (X-1) 741 1 0.1 0.12 ^ 0.072 ^ 0.05

TOTAL 1,601 7

Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.015 - 0.050 2.0

Bananas 744 0 0.015 - 0.038 0.05

Blueberries 696 65 9.3 0.014 - 0.19 0.009 - 0.12 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 3 13.6 0.014 - 0.096 0.009 - 0.058 3.0

Broccoli 674 0 0.009 - 0.29 2.0

Carrots 744 0 0.015 - 0.025 0.5

Celery 387 0 0.009 - 0.029 0.05

Cherries 122 0 0.015 ^ 10.0

Green Beans 739 8 1.1 0.025 - 0.19 0.015 - 0.13 2.0

Greens, Collard 331 7 2.1 0.025 - 1.1 0.015 - 0.13 10.0

Greens, Kale (X-1) 365 1 0.3 0.26 ^ 0.015 - 0.13 0.05

Peaches 555 43 7.7 0.013 - 0.092 0.008 - 0.015 10.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.008 - 0.015 0.05

Raisins 371 0 0.030 - 0.050 0.05

Summer Squash 742 0 0.015 - 0.050 0.5

TOTAL 7,660 127

Ethalfluralin (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.050 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.017 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.017 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.017 ^ NT

Celery 496 0 0.017 ^ NT

Summer Squash 720 0 0.007 - 0.050 0.05

TOTAL 2,738 0

Ethiofencarb (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.015 ^ NT

Broccoli 710 0 0.015 - 0.21 NT

Celery 525 0 0.015 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,338 0

Ethion (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.001 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Appendix B. Page 19 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.005 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,367 0

Ethion mono oxon (metabolite of Ethion)

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Ethoprop (insecticide) 

Bananas 216 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.02

Blueberries 504 0 0.0009 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0009 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.0009 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.0009 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.001 - 0.010 0.02

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.02

TOTAL 3,573 0

Etoxazole (acaricide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.050 ^ 0.20

Blueberries 504 0 0.0001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0001 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-2) 736 2 0.3 0.0002 ^ 0.0001 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.0001 ^ NT

Raisins 264 0 0.050 ^ 1.5

TOTAL 2,311 2

Etridiazole (fungicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Tomatoes 741 0 0.025 ^ 0.15

TOTAL 1,269 0

Famoxadone (fungicide) 

Greens, Collard (V-1) 1 1 100 2.2 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 243 0 0.002 ^ 0.02

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.050 4.0

Summer Squash 742 4 0.5 0.003 - 0.014 0.002 - 0.050 0.30

Tomatoes 741 0 0.060 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 2,099 5

Fenamidone (fungicide) 

Carrots 56 9 16.1 0.004 - 0.014 0.003 ^ 0.20

Potatoes, Frozen 243 0 0.003 ^ 0.02

Raisins 372 0 0.003 - 0.030 1.0

Summer Squash 742 0 0.003 - 0.015 0.15

TOTAL 1,413 9

Fenamiphos (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.25

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.10

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.014 0.25

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Appendix B. Page 20 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.005 ^ NT

Peaches 555 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.25

Raisins 372 0 0.004 - 0.008 0.3

TOTAL 5,294 0

Fenamiphos sulfone (metabolite of Fenamiphos)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.25

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.10

Blueberries 504 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.004 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.004 - 0.012 NT

Celery 525 0 0.004 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.25

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.005 ^ NT

Peaches 555 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.25

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.3

TOTAL 4,804 0

Fenamiphos sulfoxide (metabolite of Fenamiphos)

Apple Juice 106 0 0.002 ^ 0.25

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.10

Blueberries 504 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.004 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.004 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.004 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.25

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Kale (V-1) 287 1 0.3 0.007 ^ 0.005 ^ NT

Peaches 538 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.25

Raisins 108 0 0.002 ^ 0.3

TOTAL 4,261 1

Fenarimol (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.015 - 0.020 0.1

Bananas 722 0 0.015 - 0.025 0.25

Blueberries 504 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.010 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.010 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.010 ^ NT

Cherries 122 4 3.3 0.025 - 0.080 0.015 ^ 1.0

Raisins 108 0 0.030 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 3,105 4

Fenbuconazole (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 350 0 0.030 - 0.040 0.4

Bananas 744 0 0.005 - 0.030 0.3

Blueberries 711 69 9.7 0.001 - 0.071 0.0006 - 0.050 0.3

Blueberries, Frozen 22 9 40.9 0.001 - 0.007 0.0006 - 0.050 0.3

Broccoli 736 0 0.0006 - 0.0009 NT

Celery 525 0 0.0006 - 0.0009 NT

Cherries 419 11 2.6 0.003 - 0.18 0.002 - 0.030 1.0

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 288 0 0.005 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.061 ^ 1.0

Peaches 151 5 3.3 0.050 ^ 0.030 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 5,273 94

Appendix B. Page 21 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Fenhexamid (fungicide) 

Blueberries 165 13 7.9 0.016 - 0.051 0.010 ^ 5.0

Blueberries, Frozen 7 1 14.3 0.016 ^ 0.010 ^ 5.0

Broccoli 200 0 0.064 ^ NT

Celery 173 0 0.010 ^ NT

Cherries 297 2 0.7 0.095 - 0.12 0.020 ^ 10.0

Nectarines 563 70 12.4 0.043 - 1.4 0.026 ^ 10.0

Tomatoes 741 10 1.3 0.040 - 0.31 0.024 ^ 2.0

TOTAL 2,146 96

Fenitrothion (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Fenpropathrin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.020 - 0.050 5.0

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 20 2.8 0.026 - 1.3 0.016 - 0.020 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.016 - 0.020 3.0

Broccoli 736 0 0.016 ^ 3.0

Celery 525 0 0.016 ^ NT

Green Beans (V-1) 1 1 100 0.10 ^ 0.020 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.020 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.020 ^ NT

Raisins 371 25 6.7 0.051 - 0.72 0.040 - 0.050 10.0

Summer Squash 742 0 0.020 - 0.050 0.5

Tomatoes 741 43 5.8 0.030 - 0.29 0.018 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 4,958 89

Fenpyroximate (acaricide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-1) 722 1 0.1 0.006 ^ 0.0006 - 0.002 NT

Celery 525 0 0.0006 - 0.002 NT

Raisins 264 0 0.050 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 2,035 1

Fenthion (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.008 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,367 0

Flonicamid (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.040 ^ 0.20

Nectarines 563 0 0.006 - 0.011 0.60

Summer Squash 528 6 1.1 0.062 - 0.14 0.040 ^ 0.40

Tomatoes 741 0 0.006 - 0.011 0.40

TOTAL 2,094 6

Fluazifop butyl (herbicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.0003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0003 ^ NT

Appendix B. Page 22 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Broccoli 736 0 0.0003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.0003 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Fludioxonil (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.050 5.0

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 77 10.8 0.003 - 0.19 0.002 - 0.080 2.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 1 4.5 0.020 ^ 0.002 - 0.080 2.0

Broccoli 736 1 0.1 0.020 ^ 0.012 - 0.17 2.0

Carrots 216 2 0.9 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.75

Celery (X-3) 725 5 0.7 0.003 - 0.020 0.002 - 0.050 0.01

Cherries 419 6 1.4 0.021 - 0.41 0.002 - 0.025 5.0

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.4

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.002 - 0.010 10

Greens, Kale 383 0 0.002 - 0.010 10

Nectarines 563 213 37.8 0.18 - 1.4 0.11 ^ 5.0

Peaches (X-1) 555 244 44 0.003 - 5.3 0.002 - 0.015 5.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.015 0.02

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.050 1.0

Summer Squash 742 1 0.1 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.050 0.01

Tomatoes 741 0 0.10 ^ 0.01

TOTAL 8,973 550

Flumioxazin (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.080 ^ 0.02

Cherries 297 0 0.083 ^ 0.02

Nectarines 563 0 0.054 ^ 0.02

Summer Squash 131 0 0.080 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,253 0

Fluoxastrobin (fungicide) 

Blueberries 136 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 6 0 0.001 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.001 ^ NT

Celery 173 2 1.2 0.004 ^ 0.001 ^ 4.0

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 - 0.005 1.0

TOTAL 1,302 2

Fluridone (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.001 - 0.050 0.1

Blueberries 207 0 0.001 ^ 0.1

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.001 ^ 0.1

Carrots 744 0 0.0003 - 0.001 0.1

Cherries 419 0 0.0004 - 0.001 0.1

Green Beans 739 1 0.1 0.004 ^ 0.001 - 0.010 0.1

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.001 - 0.010 0.1

Greens, Kale 383 0 0.001 - 0.010 0.1

Peaches 555 0 0.001 - 0.036 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.036 0.1

Raisins 372 0 0.001 - 0.050 0.1

Summer Squash 742 0 0.001 - 0.050 0.1

TOTAL 5,684 1

Flutolanil (fungicide) 

Potatoes, Frozen 557 17 3.1 0.002 - 0.004 0.001 ^ 0.20

TOTAL 557 17

Folpet (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.008 - 0.015 25

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Cherries 297 0 0.015 ^ NT

Appendix B. Page 23 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Raisins 372 0 0.008 - 0.030 25

Summer Squash 131 0 0.008 ^ NT

Tomatoes 741 0 0.015 ^ 25

TOTAL 2,437 0

Fonofos (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 706 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.005 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 754 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 4,091 0

Forchlorfenuron (plant growth regulator) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.020 ^ 0.01

TOTAL 262 0

Formetanate hydrochloride (insecticide) 

Nectarines 345 33 9.6 0.004 - 0.39 0.003 ^ 4.0

Peaches 236 1 0.4 0.006 ^ 0.003 ^ 5.0

TOTAL 581 34

Halosulfuron methyl (herbicide) 

Green Beans 211 0 0.001 ^ 0.05

Summer Squash 196 0 0.001 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 407 0

Heptachlor (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.003 ^ 0.01 AL

Bananas 528 0 0.0008 ^ NT

Blueberries 696 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.01 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.01 AL

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 739 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.01 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.003 - 0.004 0.01 AL

Green Beans 739 0 0.003 ^ 0.01 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.003 ^ 0.01 AL

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.003 ^ 0.01 AL

Nectarines 563 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.003 ^ 0.01 AL

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.02 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

TOTAL 6,781 0

Heptachlor epoxide (metabolite of Heptachlor)

Apple Juice 88 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Broccoli 736 0 0.004 ^ NT

Carrots 1 1 100 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Celery 739 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Cherries 419 0 0.003 - 0.004 0.01 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Summer Squash (X-4) 742 13 1.8 0.003 - 0.046 0.002 - 0.004 0.02 AL

TOTAL 4,965 14

Appendix B. Page 24 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Heptachlor epoxide cis (metabolite of Heptachlor)

Nectarines 563 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

TOTAL 1,304 0

Heptachlor epoxide trans (metabolite of Heptachlor)

Nectarines 563 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.01 AL

TOTAL 1,304 0

Hexachlorobenzene - HCB (impurity of Quintozene)

Bananas 528 0 0.0008 ^ NT

Blueberries 489 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.001 ^ 0.1

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.1

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.2

Greens, Kale 386 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.2

Potatoes, Frozen 778 0 0.002 ^ 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 5,295 0

Hexaconazole (fungicide) 

Bananas 744 0 0.010 - 0.020 NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 288 0 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,796 0

Hexythiazox (insecticide, acaricide)

Cherries 297 0 0.082 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 297 0

Hydroprene (insect growth regulator) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.015 ^ 0.2

Blueberries 504 0 0.013 ^ 0.2

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.013 ^ 0.2

Broccoli 736 0 0.013 ^ 0.2

Celery 525 0 0.013 ^ 0.2

Summer Squash 528 0 0.015 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 2,575 0

3-Hydroxycarbofuran (metabolite of Carbofuran)

Bananas 744 0 0.004 - 0.010 0.1

Blueberries 504 0 0.0006 - 0.001 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0006 - 0.001 NT

Broccoli (V-3) 736 3 0.4 0.002 - 0.028 0.0006 - 0.001 NT

Celery 525 0 0.0006 - 0.001 NT

Cherries 297 0 0.006 ^ NT

Green Beans (V-2) 528 2 0.4 0.018 - 0.030 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.004 2

Raisins 372 0 0.004 - 0.006 2.0

Summer Squash 742 0 0.004 - 0.006 0.8

TOTAL 5,791 5

5-Hydroxythiabendazole (metabolite of Thiabendazole)

Apple Juice 106 5 4.7 0.002 - 0.004 0.001 ^ 10

Bananas 216 16 7.4 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 3

Appendix B. Page 25 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Carrots 216 0 0.001 ^ 10

Potatoes, Frozen 462 39 8.4 0.002 - 0.033 0.001 ^ 10.0

TOTAL 1,000 60

Imazalil (fungicide) 

Bananas 744 193 25.9 0.006 - 0.15 0.004 - 0.010 3.0

Blueberries 504 0 0.010 - 0.064 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.010 - 0.064 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.010 ^ NT

Celery 511 0 0.010 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Peaches (V-7) 507 7 1.4 0.006 - 0.050 0.004 - 0.10 NT

TOTAL 4,073 200

Imidacloprid (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.009 - 0.020 0.5

Bananas 744 0 0.009 - 0.010 0.50

Blueberries 711 105 14.8 0.0005 - 0.065 0.0003 - 0.009 3.5

Blueberries, Frozen 22 4 18.2 0.002 - 0.004 0.0003 - 0.009 3.5

Broccoli 736 533 72.4 0.0005 - 0.036 0.0003 ^ 3.5

Carrots 216 0 0.009 ^ 0.40

Celery 739 334 45.2 0.0005 - 0.035 0.0003 - 0.009 6.0

Cherries 419 58 13.8 0.015 - 0.35 0.009 - 0.040 3.0

Green Beans 739 1 0.1 0.053 ^ 0.009 - 0.010 4.0

Greens, Collard 353 98 27.8 0.010 - 0.24 0.009 - 0.010 3.5

Greens, Kale 383 128 33.4 0.010 - 1.0 0.009 - 0.010 3.5

Peaches 555 53 9.5 0.002 - 0.042 0.001 - 0.009 3.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 310 38.8 0.002 - 0.020 0.001 - 0.009 0.40

Raisins 108 0 0.009 ^ 1.5

Summer Squash 214 30 14 0.015 - 0.039 0.009 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 7,107 1,654

Indoxacarb (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.005 - 0.030 1.0

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.005 - 0.082 1.0

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 353 16 4.5 0.008 - 2.9 0.005 - 0.010 12

Greens, Kale 383 20 5.2 0.008 - 0.55 0.005 - 0.010 12

Peaches 555 1 0.2 0.16 ^ 0.003 - 0.005 1.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 - 0.005 0.01

Summer Squash 132 1 0.8 0.008 ^ 0.005 - 0.030 0.60

Tomatoes 741 25 3.4 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ 0.50

TOTAL 4,807 63

Iprodione (fungicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.023 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 132 18.6 0.014 - 11 0.008 - 0.015 15.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 2 9.1 0.014 - 0.10 0.008 - 0.015 15.0

Broccoli 736 0 0.008 - 0.12 25.0

Carrots 744 111 14.9 0.025 - 0.17 0.015 - 0.035 5.0

Celery (V-1) 495 1 0.2 0.014 ^ 0.008 - 0.12 NT

Cherries 419 17 4.1 0.006 - 1.2 0.006 - 0.015 20.0

Green Beans 211 1 0.5 0.089 ^ 0.015 ^ 2.0

Nectarines 563 211 37.5 0.19 - 13 0.039 ^ 20.0

Peaches 555 192 34.6 0.025 - 19 0.015 ^ 20.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.015 ^ 0.5

Raisins 372 2 0.5 0.11 - 0.43 0.015 - 0.030 300

Summer Squash 131 0 0.015 ^ NT

TOTAL 6,287 669

Appendix B. Page 26 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Iprodione metabolite isomer (metabolite of Iprodione)

Blueberries 339 2 0.6 0.16 ^ 0.098 ^ 15.0

Blueberries, Frozen 13 0 0.098 ^ 15.0

Broccoli 474 0 0.098 - 0.66 25.0

Celery 265 0 0.098 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,091 2

Iprovalicarb (fungicide) 

Raisins 264 0 0.030 ^ NT

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT

TOTAL 1,005 0

Kresoxim-methyl (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.015 ^ 0.5

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,047 0

Lindane - BHC gamma (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.002 ^ NT

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.5 AL

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.5 AL

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ 1.0

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.025 0.5 AL

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Cherries 297 0 0.005 ^ 0.5 AL

Green Beans 211 0 0.002 ^ 0.5 AL

Peaches 555 0 0.002 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 4 0.5 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0.5 AL

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 6,349 4

Linuron (herbicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Carrots 216 153 70.8 0.003 - 0.33 0.002 ^ 1

Celery 739 215 29.1 0.003 - 0.064 0.002 - 0.003 0.5

Greens, Collard (V-1) 1 1 100 0.017 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 1

TOTAL 3,544 369

Malathion (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.012 8

Bananas 600 0 0.004 - 0.020 NT

Blueberries 711 35 4.9 0.003 - 0.22 0.002 - 0.004 8

Blueberries, Frozen 22 1 4.5 0.005 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 8

Broccoli 736 1 0.1 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ 8

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.004 8

Celery 739 157 21.2 0.003 - 0.61 0.002 - 0.004 8

Cherries 419 10 2.4 0.003 - 0.012 0.002 - 0.004 8

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.004 8

Greens, Collard 353 1 0.3 0.22 ^ 0.004 ^ 8

Greens, Kale 386 11 2.8 0.006 - 0.15 0.004 ^ 8

Nectarines 563 0 0.005 ^ 8

Peaches 555 6 1.1 0.007 - 0.19 0.002 - 0.004 8

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.004 8

Appendix B. Page 27 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Raisins 372 0 0.006 - 0.008 12

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.006 8

Tomatoes 741 3 0.4 0.008 - 0.025 0.005 ^ 8

TOTAL 9,590 225

Malathion oxygen analog (metabolite of Malathion)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.012 NT

Bananas 528 0 0.006 ^ NT

Blueberries (V-7) 711 7 1 0.005 - 0.013 0.002 - 0.004 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.004 NT

Broccoli 735 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT

Carrots 744 0 0.001 - 0.003 NT

Celery (V-1) 739 1 0.1 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 NT

Cherries 419 0 0.0006 - 0.004 NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Greens, Collard (V-1) 353 1 0.3 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.006 NT

Greens, Kale 386 0 0.003 - 0.006 NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.015 ^ NT

Peaches 555 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

Raisins 372 0 0.006 - 0.008 NT

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Tomatoes 741 0 0.015 ^ NT

TOTAL 9,517 9

Mepanipyrim (fungicide) 

Raisins 264 0 0.030 ^ 3.0

Tomatoes 741 0 0.008 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 1,005 0

Metalaxyl (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.010 - 0.015 0.2

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 1 0.1 0.010 ^ 0.006 - 0.010 2.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.006 - 0.010 2.0

Broccoli 736 2 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 2.0

Carrots 744 18 2.4 0.017 - 0.034 0.010 - 0.018 0.5

Celery 739 0 0.006 - 0.010 5.0

Cherries 419 0 0.004 - 0.010 1.0

Green Beans 739 1 0.1 0.037 ^ 0.010 - 0.015 0.2

Greens, Collard 353 6 1.7 0.017 - 0.056 0.010 - 0.015 0.1

Greens, Kale (X-1) 386 6 1.6 0.026 - 0.66 0.010 - 0.015 0.1

Nectarines 563 0 0.023 ^ 1.0

Peaches 555 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.010 ^ 0.5

Raisins 372 0 0.020 - 0.030 6.0

Summer Squash 742 19 2.6 0.016 - 0.11 0.010 - 0.015 1.0

Tomatoes 741 0 0.023 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 9,518 53

Methamidophos (insecticide) (also a metabolite of Acephate)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.001 - 0.007 0.02

Bananas 744 0 0.001 - 0.008 0.02

Blueberries 711 2 0.3 0.002 - 0.008 0.001 - 0.002 0.02

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.02

Carrots 216 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.02

Celery 739 166 22.5 0.002 - 0.032 0.001 - 0.002 1

Cherries 419 0 0.001 - 0.022 0.02

Green Beans 739 202 27.3 0.002 - 0.50 0.001 - 0.008 1

Greens, Collard (X-1) 334 3 0.9 0.003 - 0.083 0.002 - 0.050 0.02

Greens, Kale (X-2) 376 4 1.1 0.003 - 0.18 0.002 - 0.050 0.02

Nectarines (X-1) 563 4 0.7 0.012 - 0.030 0.007 ^ 0.02

Appendix B. Page 28 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Peaches (X-2) 555 10 1.8 0.002 - 0.056 0.001 - 0.002 0.02

Potatoes, Frozen 800 2 0.2 0.003 ^ 0.001 - 0.002 0.1

Raisins 108 0 0.004 ^ 0.02

Summer Squash (X-2) 742 5 0.7 0.005 - 0.061 0.001 - 0.004 0.02

Tomatoes 741 48 6.5 0.012 - 0.16 0.007 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 8,177 446

Methidathion (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.002 ^ 0.05

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 504 0 0.002 - 0.053 NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.05

Green Beans 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.003 ^ 0.05

Peaches 555 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.05

TOTAL 4,252 0

Methiocarb (insecticide) (analyzed as sulfoxide)

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries (V-1) 504 1 0.2 0.002 ^ 0.0006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Green Beans 507 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,343 1

Methomyl (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.014 - 0.020 1

Bananas 506 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 29 4.1 0.005 - 0.58 0.004 - 0.014 6

Blueberries, Frozen 22 2 9.1 0.029 - 0.031 0.004 - 0.014 6

Broccoli 736 10 1.4 0.004 - 0.037 0.002 - 0.004 3

Carrots 722 0 0.008 - 0.016 0.2

Celery 739 37 5 0.004 - 0.62 0.002 - 0.014 3

Cherries 297 0 0.014 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 15 2 0.017 - 0.20 0.010 - 0.014 2

Greens, Collard 353 6 1.7 0.030 - 0.94 0.010 - 0.014 6

Greens, Kale 383 3 0.8 0.011 - 0.025 0.010 - 0.014 6

Nectarines 563 6 1.1 0.008 - 0.12 0.005 ^ 5

Peaches 555 17 3.1 0.005 - 0.30 0.001 - 0.015 5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.014 0.2

Raisins 372 0 0.006 - 0.014 5

Summer Squash (X-1) 742 9 1.2 0.010 - 0.56 0.006 - 0.014 0.2

Tomatoes 741 0 0.005 ^ 1

TOTAL 9,349 134

Methoprene (insect growth regulator) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.014 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.014 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.014 - 0.048 NT

Celery 525 0 0.014 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Methoxychlor Total (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Appendix B. Page 29 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Carrots 528 0 0.025 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Cherries 297 0 0.006 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,610 0

Methoxychlor olefin (metabolite of Methoxychlor)

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.001 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Methoxychlor p,p' (isomer of Methoxychlor)

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Carrots 216 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard (V-1) 1 1 100 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ NT

Greens, Kale (V-2) 2 2 100 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ NT

Peaches 404 0 0.011 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,151 3

Methoxyfenozide (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 14 3.8 0.002 - 0.013 0.001 - 0.020 1.5

Carrots 744 4 0.5 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.005 0.5

Celery 214 82 38.3 0.002 - 0.53 0.001 ^ 25

Cherries 419 32 7.6 0.002 - 0.046 0.001 - 0.015 3.0

Green Beans 739 23 3.1 0.002 - 0.32 0.001 - 0.010 1.5

Greens, Collard 353 55 15.6 0.002 - 2.3 0.001 - 0.010 30

Greens, Kale 384 47 12.2 0.002 - 6.4 0.001 - 0.010 30

Peaches 555 112 20.2 0.002 - 0.36 0.001 ^ 3.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 ^ 0.10

Raisins 108 78 72.2 0.002 - 0.24 0.001 ^ 1.5

Summer Squash 214 0 0.001 ^ 0.3

TOTAL 4,898 447

Metolachlor (herbicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ NT

Broccoli 731 2 0.3 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.6

Celery 739 12 1.6 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.010 0.1

Cherries 419 0 0.005 - 0.010 0.1

Green Beans 739 0 0.010 - 0.015 0.5

Greens, Collard (V-1) 335 1 0.3 0.060 ^ 0.010 - 0.030 NT

Greens, Kale 359 0 0.010 - 0.030 NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.023 ^ 0.1

Peaches 555 0 0.010 ^ 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.010 ^ 0.2

Tomatoes 741 0 0.024 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 7,033 15

Metribuzin (herbicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.013 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.013 ^ NT

Broccoli 731 0 0.013 ^ NT

Carrots 744 0 0.006 - 0.030 0.3

Celery (V-1) 525 1 0.2 0.022 ^ 0.013 ^ NT

Cherries 297 0 0.007 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 778 0 0.030 ^ 0.6

TOTAL 4,127 1

Appendix B. Page 30 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Mevinphos (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.005 ^ 1.0

Celery 739 0 0.001 - 0.002 1.0

Green Beans 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.008 ^ NT

Raisins 372 0 0.004 ^ 0.5

Summer Squash 742 0 0.001 - 0.004 0.25

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 4,946 0

Monocrotophos (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.008 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,582 0

Myclobutanil (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.020 - 0.025 0.5

Bananas 744 2 0.3 0.038 ^ 0.020 - 0.023 4.0

Blueberries (V-1) 711 1 0.1 0.001 ^ 0.0006 - 0.020 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.0006 - 0.020 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.0006 - 0.0009 0.03

Carrots 744 16 2.2 0.0007 - 0.012 0.0006 - 0.020 0.03

Celery 739 22 3 0.001 - 0.009 0.0006 - 0.020 0.03

Cherries 419 98 23.4 0.001 - 0.33 0.001 - 0.020 5.0

Green Beans 739 14 1.9 0.033 - 0.41 0.020 - 0.075 1.0

Greens, Collard (X-1) 353 1 0.3 3.3 ^ 0.020 - 0.075 0.03

Greens, Kale (X-1) 386 1 0.3 0.85 ^ 0.020 - 0.075 0.03

Nectarines 563 0 0.034 ^ 2.0

Peaches 555 37 6.7 0.002 - 0.044 0.001 - 0.020 2.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.020 0.03

Raisins 372 7 1.9 0.050 - 0.084 0.040 - 0.050 10.0

Summer Squash 742 9 1.2 0.030 - 0.069 0.020 - 0.025 0.20

Tomatoes 741 0 0.044 ^ 0.30

TOTAL 9,734 208

Napropamide (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.020 - 0.066 0.1

Blueberries 711 0 0.007 - 0.020 0.1

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.007 - 0.020 0.1

Broccoli 736 0 0.007 ^ 0.1

Celery 525 0 0.007 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.010 - 0.020 0.1

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.010 - 0.020 0.1

Greens, Kale 384 0 0.010 - 0.020 0.1

Nectarines 563 0 0.040 ^ 0.1

Peaches 555 0 0.020 ^ 0.1

Summer Squash 742 0 0.020 - 0.066 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.040 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 6,647 0

1-Naphthol (metabolite of Carbaryl)

Apple Juice 368 1 0.3 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.20 10.0

Bananas 216 0 0.010 ^ 10

Blueberries 142 4 2.8 0.017 - 0.31 0.010 - 0.017 10

Blueberries, Frozen 1 0 0.010 ^ 10

Appendix B. Page 31 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Cherries 105 13 12.4 0.017 - 0.26 0.010 ^ 10

Green Beans 703 1 0.1 0.095 ^ 0.010 - 0.10 10

Greens, Collard 236 2 0.8 0.19 - 0.56 0.10 ^ 12

Greens, Kale 289 0 0.10 ^ 12

Peaches 532 56 10.5 0.017 - 0.39 0.010 - 0.017 10

Potatoes, Frozen 557 0 0.010 ^ 0.2

Raisins 54 0 0.020 ^ 10

TOTAL 3,203 77

Norflurazon (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.020 ^ 0.1

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 696 0 0.005 - 0.034 0.2

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.005 - 0.034 0.2

Broccoli 704 0 0.005 ^ NT

Celery (V-1) 467 1 0.2 0.008 ^ 0.005 ^ NT

Cherries 122 0 0.020 ^ 0.1

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Nectarines 562 0 0.069 ^ 0.1

Peaches 555 0 0.020 ^ 0.1

Raisins 372 0 0.030 - 0.040 0.1

TOTAL 5,185 1

Norflurazon desmethyl (metabolite of Norflurazon)

Apple Juice 106 0 0.030 ^ 0.1

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.018 - 0.25 0.2

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.018 - 0.12 0.2

Broccoli 640 0 0.018 - 0.12 NT

Celery 525 0 0.018 - 0.12 NT

Cherries 419 0 0.024 - 0.030 0.1

Green Beans 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard (V-1) 236 1 0.4 0.012 ^ 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.055 ^ 0.1

Peaches 555 0 0.030 ^ 0.1

Raisins 108 0 0.060 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 5,228 1

Novaluron (insecticide) 

Peaches 404 0 0.015 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 557 0 0.015 ^ 0.05

TOTAL 961 0

Omethoate (metabolite of Dimethoate)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.003 - 0.016 2

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 3 0.4 0.011 - 0.020 0.002 - 0.004 1

Blueberries, Frozen 22 2 9.1 0.004 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 1

Broccoli 581 21 3.6 0.004 - 0.036 0.002 - 0.008 2

Celery 739 122 16.5 0.004 - 0.055 0.002 - 0.004 2

Cherries 419 1 0.2 0.040 ^ 0.003 - 0.048 2

Green Beans 739 39 5.3 0.005 - 0.11 0.003 - 0.008 2

Greens, Collard 333 3 0.9 0.083 ^ 0.004 - 0.050 2

Greens, Kale 376 2 0.5 0.007 - 0.22 0.004 - 0.050 2

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 - 0.004 0.2

Raisins 372 0 0.008 ^ 1

Tomatoes 741 2 0.3 0.043 ^ 0.026 ^ 2

TOTAL 6,729 195

Appendix B. Page 32 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Oryzalin (herbicide) 

Bananas 462 0 0.020 ^ NT

Cherries 297 0 0.069 ^ 0.05

Green Beans 528 0 0.020 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 225 0 0.020 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 249 0 0.020 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,761 0

Oxadixyl (fungicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.013 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.013 ^ NT

Broccoli 720 0 0.013 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.013 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,769 0

Oxamyl (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.008 - 0.020 2

Bananas 744 0 0.008 - 0.010 0.3

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.006 ^ NT

Carrots 744 0 0.004 - 0.008 0.1

Celery 739 126 17.1 0.006 - 0.27 0.006 - 0.008 3

Green Beans (V-1) 507 1 0.2 0.011 ^ 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 226 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 275 0 0.010 ^ NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 27 3.4 0.002 - 0.013 0.001 - 0.008 0.1

Summer Squash 742 23 3.1 0.010 - 0.50 0.006 - 0.008 2.0

Tomatoes 741 1 0.1 0.26 ^ 0.025 ^ 2

TOTAL 7,146 178

Oxamyl oxime (metabolite of Oxamyl)

Apple Juice 106 0 0.010 ^ 2

Bananas 744 8 1.1 0.011 - 0.034 0.010 ^ 0.3

Carrots 744 0 0.010 - 0.014 0.1

Celery 214 26 12.1 0.017 - 0.071 0.010 ^ 3

Potatoes, Frozen 800 62 7.8 0.002 - 0.022 0.001 - 0.010 0.1

Summer Squash 214 5 2.3 0.017 - 0.11 0.010 ^ 2.0

TOTAL 2,822 101

Oxychlordane (metabolite of Chlordane)

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 510 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,770 0

Oxydemeton methyl (insecticide) 

Green Beans 374 0 0.010 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 374 0

Oxydemeton methyl sulfone (metabolite of Oxydemeton methyl)

Apple Juice 106 0 0.004 ^ 1

Bananas 528 0 0.023 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.012 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.012 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.012 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.004 - 0.015 0.5

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Raisins 372 0 0.012 - 0.030 0.1

Summer Squash 742 0 0.004 - 0.050 1

TOTAL 4,059 0

Appendix B. Page 33 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Oxyfluorfen (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.030 ^ 0.05

Bananas 744 0 0.025 - 0.030 0.05

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ 0.05

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.030 - 0.051 0.05

Nectarines 563 0 0.037 ^ 0.05

Peaches 151 0 0.030 ^ 0.05

Raisins 372 0 0.030 - 0.060 0.05

TOTAL 4,402 0

Parathion (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 - 0.010 NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,841 0

Parathion methyl (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 - 0.008 NT

Carrots (V-1) 1 1 100 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 739 0 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.004 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.004 ^ NT

Peaches (V-2) 2 2 100 0.002 - 0.15 0.001 - 0.002 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 - 0.002 0.1

TOTAL 4,384 3

Parathion methyl oxygen analog (metabolite of Parathion methyl)

Blueberries 504 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.005 ^ NT

Broccoli 700 0 0.005 ^ NT

Celery 739 0 0.002 - 0.005 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.003 NT

TOTAL 2,763 0

Parathion oxygen analog (metabolite of Parathion)

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Pendimethalin (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.020 - 0.050 0.10

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Carrots 55 2 3.6 0.033 - 0.076 0.020 ^ 0.5

Green Beans 739 0 0.015 - 0.020 0.1

Greens, Collard (V-3) 237 3 1.3 0.023 - 0.037 0.015 - 0.020 NT

Greens, Kale (V-4) 291 4 1.4 0.022 - 0.033 0.015 - 0.020 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 243 0 0.020 ^ 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.022 ^ 0.10

TOTAL 3,202 9

Appendix B. Page 34 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Pentachloroaniline - PCA (metabolite of Quintozene)

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ NT

Broccoli 731 0 0.001 ^ 0.1

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.030 ^ 0.1

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.030 ^ 0.2

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.030 ^ 0.2

Potatoes, Frozen 557 1 0.2 0.017 ^ 0.010 ^ 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 4,660 1

Pentachlorobenzene - PCB (metabolite of Quintozene)

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 489 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ 0.1

Carrots (V-2) 2 2 100 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 652 2 0.3 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.005 0.1

Greens, Collard 332 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.2

Greens, Kale 363 0 0.002 - 0.005 0.2

Potatoes, Frozen 485 4 0.8 0.003 - 0.011 0.002 ^ 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 4,873 8

Pentachlorophenyl methyl sulfide (metabolite of Quintozene)

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.001 ^ 0.1

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ 0.1

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ 0.2

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.005 ^ 0.2

Potatoes, Frozen 557 0 0.010 ^ 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.003 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 4,665 0

Permethrin Total (insecticide)

Apple Juice 262 0 0.050 ^ 0.05

Bananas 528 0 0.038 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.10 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 30 12.7 0.17 - 6.0 0.10 ^ 20

Greens, Kale (V-18) 290 18 6.2 0.11 - 8.4 0.10 ^ NT

Summer Squash 528 1 0.2 0.062 ^ 0.050 ^ 3.0

TOTAL 2,372 49

Permethrin cis (isomer of Permethrin)

Apple Juice 106 1 0.9 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ 0.05

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 22 3 0.004 - 0.071 0.002 ^ 2.0

Carrots (V-1) 216 1 0.5 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ NT

Celery 739 336 45.5 0.004 - 0.19 0.002 - 0.012 5.0

Cherries 419 5 1.2 0.007 - 0.049 0.003 - 0.012 3.0

Greens, Collard 117 5 4.3 0.19 - 2.0 0.012 ^ 20

Greens, Kale (V-4) 96 4 4.2 0.065 - 4.6 0.012 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.024 ^ NT

Peaches 555 3 0.5 0.046 - 0.26 0.012 ^ 5.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.012 ^ 0.05

Appendix B. Page 35 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Summer Squash 214 0 0.012 ^ 3.0

Tomatoes 741 17 2.3 0.027 - 0.19 0.016 ^ 2

TOTAL 5,826 394

Permethrin trans (isomer of Permethrin)

Apple Juice 106 1 0.9 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ 0.05

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 19 2.6 0.004 - 0.062 0.002 ^ 2.0

Carrots (V-1) 216 1 0.5 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ NT

Celery 739 342 46.3 0.004 - 0.19 0.002 - 0.012 5.0

Cherries 419 5 1.2 0.010 - 0.073 0.003 - 0.012 3.0

Greens, Collard 117 5 4.3 0.15 - 2.2 0.012 ^ 20

Greens, Kale (V-4) 96 4 4.2 0.056 - 3.7 0.012 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.023 ^ NT

Peaches 555 4 0.7 0.061 - 0.34 0.012 ^ 5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.012 ^ 0.05

Summer Squash 214 0 0.012 ^ 3.0

Tomatoes 741 21 2.8 0.027 - 0.17 0.016 ^ 2

TOTAL 5,826 402

Phenothrin (insecticide) 

Bananas 506 0 0.075 ^ NT

TOTAL 506 0

Phenthoate (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.006 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.006 ^ NT

Celery 510 0 0.006 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,770 0

o-Phenylphenol (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 1 0.3 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.040 25

Bananas (V-16) 744 16 2.2 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.033 NT

Blueberries (V-13) 694 13 1.9 0.005 - 0.043 0.003 - 0.033 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 21 0 0.003 - 0.033 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Carrots 198 12 6.1 0.017 - 0.051 0.010 - 0.033 20

Celery (V-5) 686 5 0.7 0.005 - 0.052 0.003 - 0.033 NT

Cherries 419 14 3.3 0.017 ^ 0.009 - 0.010 5

Green Beans (V-1) 709 1 0.1 0.032 ^ 0.010 - 0.033 NT

Greens, Collard (V-11) 335 11 3.3 0.017 - 0.060 0.010 - 0.033 NT

Greens, Kale (V-5) 373 5 1.3 0.017 - 0.039 0.010 - 0.033 NT

Nectarines 563 1 0.2 0.047 ^ 0.012 ^ 5

Peaches 552 17 3.1 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.033 20

Potatoes, Frozen (V-7) 757 7 0.9 0.017 - 0.046 0.010 - 0.033 NT

Raisins (V-2) 108 2 1.9 0.033 ^ 0.020 ^ NT

Summer Squash (V-2) 179 2 1.1 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.033 NT

Tomatoes 741 31 4.2 0.020 - 0.24 0.012 ^ 10

TOTAL 8,183 138

Phorate (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.5

TOTAL 3,362 0

Appendix B. Page 36 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Phorate oxygen analog (metabolite of Phorate)

Blueberries 504 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.001 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.001 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,049 0

Phorate sulfone (metabolite of Phorate)

Bananas 528 0 0.012 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.012 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 3 0.4 0.003 - 0.007 0.002 - 0.004 0.5

TOTAL 3,852 3

Phorate sulfoxide (metabolite of Phorate)

Blueberries 504 0 0.009 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.009 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.009 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.009 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.012 ^ 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 557 1 0.2 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 2,870 1

Phosalone (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.003 - 0.010 10.0

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 246 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.003 - 0.008 15.0

Peaches 555 0 0.003 - 0.006 15.0

Raisins 372 0 0.005 - 0.012 10.0

TOTAL 3,537 0

Phosmet (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 1 0.9 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ 10

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 68 9.6 0.005 - 0.74 0.003 - 0.005 10

Blueberries, Frozen 22 8 36.4 0.024 - 0.27 0.003 - 0.005 10

Broccoli 246 0 0.005 ^ NT

Carrots (V-1) 1 1 100 0.022 ^ 0.005 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.005 ^ NT

Cherries 419 2 0.5 0.005 - 0.091 0.001 - 0.005 10

Green Beans 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.008 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 290 0 0.008 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 211 37.5 0.005 - 0.25 0.003 ^ 5

Peaches 555 201 36.2 0.005 - 2.2 0.003 - 0.005 10

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 - 0.005 0.1

Raisins 372 34 9.1 0.007 - 0.21 0.004 - 0.010 10

TOTAL 5,902 526

Phosphamidon (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 628 0 0.003 - 0.011 NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,733 0

Appendix B. Page 37 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Piperonyl butoxide (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.010 - 0.025 8

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.005 - 0.010 8

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.005 - 0.010 8

Broccoli 736 0 0.005 ^ NT

Celery (V-3) 525 3 0.6 0.019 - 0.033 0.005 ^ NT

Cherries 122 3 2.5 0.017 - 0.064 0.010 ^ 8

Green Beans 739 0 0.010 - 0.015 8

Greens, Collard (V-5) 353 5 1.4 0.017 - 0.13 0.010 - 0.015 NT

Greens, Kale 386 0 0.010 - 0.015 NT

Peaches 555 0 0.010 ^ 8

Potatoes, Frozen 800 3 0.4 0.017 - 0.036 0.010 ^ 0.25

Raisins 372 6 1.6 0.033 - 0.13 0.020 - 0.050 10

Summer Squash 742 0 0.010 - 0.025 NT

Tomatoes 741 19 2.6 0.020 - 0.78 0.012 ^ 8

TOTAL 7,700 39

Pirimicarb (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.010 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.010 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.010 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.005 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,364 0

Pirimiphos methyl (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-1) 736 1 0.1 0.011 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,841 1

Prallethrin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.010 - 0.033 1.0

Bananas 744 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Blueberries 207 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Carrots 744 1 0.1 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.075 1.0

Celery 214 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Cherries 419 0 0.010 - 0.012 1.0

Green Beans 739 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Greens, Kale 383 0 0.010 ^ 1.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.031 ^ 1.0

Peaches 555 0 0.005 - 0.010 1.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.005 - 0.015 1.0

Raisins 371 0 0.020 - 0.050 1.0

Summer Squash 742 0 0.010 - 0.033 1.0

Tomatoes 741 0 0.031 ^ 1.0

TOTAL 7,945 1

Prochloraz (fungicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 528 0

Appendix B. Page 38 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Procymidone (fungicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

Raisins (V-1) 264 1 0.4 1.0 ^ 0.050 ^ NT

TOTAL 792 1

Profenofos (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.011 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.011 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,841 0

Prometryn (herbicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.007 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.007 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.007 ^ NT

Carrots 744 0 0.0005 - 0.010 0.1

Celery 739 0 0.007 - 0.010 0.5

TOTAL 2,743 0

Pronamide (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.008 - 0.060 0.1

Bananas 528 0 0.008 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.006 - 0.008 0.05

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.006 - 0.008 0.05

Broccoli (V-3) 736 3 0.4 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ NT

Celery 516 0 0.006 ^ NT

Cherries 122 0 0.008 ^ 0.1

Nectarines 563 2 0.4 0.023 ^ 0.014 ^ 0.1

Peaches 555 0 0.008 ^ 0.1

Raisins 372 0 0.016 - 0.030 0.1

TOTAL 4,493 5

Propamocarb hydrochloride (fungicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

TOTAL 528 0

Propargite (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.026 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.026 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.026 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.026 ^ NT

Greens, Kale (V-1) 1 1 100 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 25 4.4 0.052 - 1.4 0.031 ^ 4

Peaches (V-11) 523 11 2.1 0.006 - 0.96 0.004 - 0.020 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.004 - 0.020 0.1

Raisins 372 118 31.7 0.006 - 4.4 0.004 - 0.050 10

Summer Squash 131 0 0.050 ^ NT

TOTAL 4,703 155

Propetamphos (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.012 0.1

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1

Blueberries 711 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1

Broccoli 706 0 0.002 ^ 0.1

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.1

Celery 739 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1

Cherries 419 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1

Appendix B. Page 39 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Green Beans 739 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.1

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.1

Greens, Kale 383 0 0.003 - 0.010 0.1

Nectarines 563 0 0.004 ^ 0.1

Peaches 555 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.002 - 0.003 0.1

Raisins 372 0 0.006 ^ 0.1

Summer Squash 742 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 9,701 0

Propiconazole (fungicide) 

Bananas 744 0 0.010 - 0.020 0.2

Blueberries 711 0 0.005 - 0.020 1.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.005 - 0.020 1.0

Broccoli 736 0 0.015 - 0.025 NT

Celery 739 129 17.5 0.008 - 0.15 0.005 - 0.020 5.0

Cherries 419 37 8.8 0.002 - 0.13 0.002 - 0.020 1.0

Nectarines 563 66 11.7 0.060 - 0.50 0.036 ^ 2.0

Peaches 555 60 10.8 0.033 - 1.3 0.020 - 0.036 2.0

TOTAL 4,489 292

Pymetrozine (insecticide) 

Broccoli 736 0 0.005 ^ 0.5

Celery 495 1 0.2 0.008 ^ 0.005 ^ 0.6

TOTAL 1,231 1

Pyraclostrobin (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 106 1 0.9 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 1.5

Bananas 744 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.04

Blueberries 711 227 31.9 0.002 - 0.59 0.001 ^ 4.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 9 40.9 0.002 - 0.21 0.001 ^ 4.0

Broccoli 736 10 1.4 0.002 - 0.035 0.001 ^ 5.0

Carrots 744 271 36.4 0.0005 - 0.028 0.0005 - 0.001 0.4

Celery 739 59 8 0.002 - 0.11 0.001 ^ 29.0

Cherries 419 173 41.3 0.002 - 0.18 0.001 - 0.008 0.9

Green Beans 717 49 6.8 0.002 - 0.27 0.001 - 0.003 0.5

Greens, Collard 353 64 18.1 0.002 - 2.0 0.001 - 0.003 16.0

Greens, Kale 383 43 11.2 0.002 - 2.5 0.001 - 0.003 16.0

Nectarines 563 8 1.4 0.058 ^ 0.035 ^ 0.9

Peaches 555 53 9.5 0.002 - 0.23 0.001 ^ 0.9

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 ^ 0.04

Raisins 108 52 48.1 0.002 - 0.078 0.001 ^ 7.0

Summer Squash 214 17 7.9 0.002 - 0.029 0.001 ^ 0.5

Tomatoes 741 0 0.035 ^ 1.4

TOTAL 8,655 1,036

Pyraflufen ethyl (herbicide) 

Potatoes, Frozen 557 0 0.036 ^ 0.02

TOTAL 557 0

Pyridaben (insecticide, acaricide)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.015 - 0.030 0.5

Cherries 419 0 0.004 - 0.015 2.5

Nectarines 563 0 0.042 ^ 2.5

Peaches 555 6 1.1 0.017 - 0.043 0.010 - 0.015 2.5

Raisins 372 0 0.030 ^ 1.5

Tomatoes 741 1 0.1 0.060 ^ 0.036 ^ 0.15

TOTAL 3,018 7

Appendix B. Page 40 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Pyrimethanil (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 31 8.4 0.004 - 0.16 0.003 - 0.050 3.0

Bananas 744 11 1.5 0.003 - 0.008 0.003 ^ 0.10

Blueberries (V-3) 504 3 0.6 0.0005 ^ 0.0003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0003 ^ NT

Broccoli (V-7) 736 7 1 0.0005 - 0.003 0.0003 ^ NT

Celery (V-14) 525 14 2.7 0.0005 - 0.005 0.0003 ^ NT

Green Beans (V-3) 530 3 0.6 0.003 - 0.011 0.003 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.003 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.003 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 4 0.7 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 3.0

Peaches 151 3 2 0.004 - 0.064 0.003 ^ 3.0

Potatoes, Frozen 243 0 0.003 ^ 0.05

Raisins 372 0 0.003 - 0.050 8.0

Tomatoes 741 13 1.8 0.010 - 0.19 0.006 ^ 0.50

TOTAL 6,020 89

Pyriproxyfen (insecticide, growth regulator)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.008 - 0.015 0.2

Bananas 744 0 0.008 - 0.015 0.2

Blueberries 711 0 0.008 - 0.013 1.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.008 - 0.013 1.0

Broccoli 736 0 0.013 ^ 0.70

Carrots 744 0 0.002 - 0.008 0.15

Celery 739 0 0.008 - 0.013 2.50

Cherries 419 1 0.2 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.008 1.0

Green Beans 211 1 0.5 0.013 ^ 0.008 ^ 0.20

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.008 ^ 2.0

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.008 ^ 2.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.012 ^ 1.0

Peaches 555 0 0.008 ^ 1.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.008 ^ 0.15

Raisins 372 0 0.016 - 0.030 2.5

Summer Squash 742 0 0.008 - 0.015 0.10

Tomatoes 741 11 1.5 0.020 - 0.079 0.012 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 8,680 13

Quinoxyfen (fungicide) 

Cherries 122 39 32 0.0008 - 0.072 0.0005 ^ 0.30

Greens, Kale (V-1) 1 1 100 0.0008 ^ 0.0005 ^ NT

Raisins 372 25 6.7 0.0008 - 0.011 0.0005 - 0.030 0.60

TOTAL 495 65

Quintozene - PCNB (fungicide) (parent of HCB, PCA and PCB)

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 722 0 0.010 - 0.019 0.1

Carrots (V-4) 216 4 1.9 0.010 - 0.026 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

Green Beans 739 26 3.5 0.005 - 0.099 0.003 - 0.005 0.1

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.003 - 0.005 0.2

Greens, Kale 386 0 0.003 - 0.005 0.2

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.003 ^ 0.1

Tomatoes 741 0 0.004 ^ 0.1

TOTAL 5,534 30

Resmethrin (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.010 - 0.030 3.0

Bananas 744 0 0.010 - 0.030 3.0

Blueberries 207 0 0.010 ^ 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.010 ^ 3.0

Appendix B. Page 41 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Carrots 744 0 0.010 - 0.030 3.0

Celery 214 0 0.010 - 0.020 3.0

Cherries 419 0 0.010 - 0.024 3.0

Green Beans 634 3 0.5 0.084 - 0.092 0.010 - 0.10 3.0

Greens, Collard 340 0 0.010 - 0.060 3.0

Greens, Kale 381 0 0.010 - 0.060 3.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.012 ^ 3.0

Peaches 555 0 0.010 ^ 3.0

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.010 ^ 3.0

Raisins 371 0 0.020 - 0.030 3.0

Summer Squash 724 0 0.010 - 0.030 3.0

Tomatoes 741 0 0.012 ^ 3.0

TOTAL 7,807 3

Resmethrin-c (isomer of Resmethrin)

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

Celery 510 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

TOTAL 1,770 0

Resmethrin-t (isomer of Resmethrin)

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

Celery 510 0 0.002 ^ 3.0

TOTAL 1,770 0

Sethoxydim (herbicide) 

Cherries 297 0 0.013 ^ 0.2

TOTAL 297 0

Simazine (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.002 - 0.030 0.25

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.011 0.2

Blueberries (X-2) 711 14 2 0.003 - 0.35 0.002 ^ 0.25

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.002 ^ 0.25

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 - 0.006 NT

Cherries 122 0 0.002 ^ 0.25

Peaches 555 0 0.002 - 0.010 0.25

Raisins 372 0 0.002 - 0.030 0.25

Summer Squash 131 0 0.030 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,761 14

Spinosad Total (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.003 ^ 0.20

Blueberries 207 0 0.003 ^ 0.25

Blueberries, Frozen 2 0 0.003 ^ 0.25

Carrots 198 0 0.003 ^ 0.10

Celery 214 5 2.3 0.005 - 0.019 0.003 ^ 8.0

Cherries 122 22 18 0.005 - 0.041 0.003 ^ 0.20

Green Beans 211 3 1.4 0.005 - 0.010 0.003 ^ 0.30

Greens, Collard 117 29 24.8 0.005 - 0.24 0.003 ^ 10.0

Greens, Kale 96 11 11.5 0.005 - 0.25 0.003 ^ 10.0

Peaches 151 26 17.2 0.005 - 0.047 0.003 ^ 0.20

Potatoes, Frozen 243 0 0.003 ^ 0.10

Raisins 108 1 0.9 0.011 ^ 0.003 ^ 0.70

Summer Squash 214 1 0.5 0.005 ^ 0.003 ^ 0.3

TOTAL 1,989 98

Appendix B. Page 42 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Spinosad A (isomer of Spinosad) 

Bananas 528 0 0.002 ^ 0.25

Green Beans 484 24 5 0.002 - 0.13 0.002 ^ 0.30

Greens, Collard 236 27 11.4 0.002 - 0.20 0.002 ^ 10.0

Greens, Kale 26 0 0.002 ^ 10.0

TOTAL 1,274 51

Spinosad D (isomer of Spinosad) 

Bananas 506 0 0.002 ^ 0.25

Green Beans 483 8 1.7 0.002 - 0.030 0.002 ^ 0.30

Greens, Collard 222 18 8.1 0.002 - 0.048 0.002 ^ 10.0

Greens, Kale 233 18 7.7 0.002 - 0.075 0.002 ^ 10.0

TOTAL 1,444 44

Spirodiclofen (acaricide) 

Apple Juice 262 0 0.050 ^ 0.80

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Raisins 264 0 0.050 ^ 4.0

Summer Squash 131 0 0.050 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,185 0

Spiromesifen (insecticide) 

Bananas 418 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.006 ^ 2.0

Celery 525 0 0.006 ^ NT

Green Beans 440 2 0.5 0.007 - 0.043 0.002 ^ 0.80

Greens, Collard 200 0 0.002 ^ 12

Greens, Kale 258 1 0.4 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 12

TOTAL 2,577 3

Sulfentrazone (herbicide) 

Green Beans 211 0 0.002 ^ 0.15

Potatoes, Frozen 243 0 0.002 ^ 0.15

TOTAL 454 0

Sulprofos (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Tebuconazole (fungicide) 

Bananas 744 0 0.020 - 0.023 0.05

Blueberries (V-2) 504 2 0.4 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Cherries 419 78 18.6 0.033 - 1.3 0.020 - 0.083 4.0

Nectarines 563 5 0.9 0.11 ^ 0.066 ^ 1.0

Peaches 151 12 7.9 0.033 - 0.19 0.020 ^ 1.0

Raisins 371 2 0.5 0.059 - 0.069 0.040 - 0.050 5.0

TOTAL 4,033 99

Tebufenozide (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.003 ^ 1.0

Bananas 462 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 49 6.9 0.005 - 0.73 0.003 - 0.010 3.0

Blueberries, Frozen 22 5 22.7 0.039 - 0.33 0.003 - 0.010 3.0

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 - 0.010 5.0

Celery 739 3 0.4 0.022 - 0.041 0.003 - 0.010 2.0

Cherries 297 0 0.051 ^ NT

Appendix B. Page 43 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Green Beans 739 0 0.003 - 0.005 NT

Greens, Collard 342 2 0.6 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.005 10.0

Greens, Kale 344 4 1.2 0.005 - 0.015 0.003 - 0.005 10.0

Raisins 108 3 2.8 0.005 - 0.016 0.003 ^ 3.0

TOTAL 4,606 66

Tecnazene (plant growth regulator) 

Bananas 528 0 0.001 ^ NT

Blueberries 489 0 0.005 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.005 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.005 - 0.016 NT

Celery 525 0 0.005 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,298 0

Terbacil (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.020 - 0.060 0.3

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 0 0.006 - 0.034 0.2

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.006 - 0.034 0.2

Broccoli 736 0 0.006 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.006 ^ NT

Peaches 555 0 0.020 ^ 0.2

Summer Squash 131 0 0.060 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,576 0

Terbufos (insecticide) 

Bananas 744 0 0.002 - 0.006 0.025

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 706 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

Green Beans 528 0 0.005 ^ NT

TOTAL 3,027 0

Terbufos sulfone (metabolite of Terbufos)

Bananas 216 0 0.002 - 0.004 0.025

Blueberries 504 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.002 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.002 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 2,001 0

Tetrachlorvinphos (insecticide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 580 0 0.003 - 0.053 NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,629 0

Tetradifon (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 0 0.006 ^ NT

Bananas 528 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.010 - 0.032 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.010 - 0.032 NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.010 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.010 ^ NT

Peaches 555 0 0.006 ^ NT

Raisins 372 0 0.012 - 0.030 NT

TOTAL 3,346 0

Appendix B. Page 44 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Tetrahydrophthalimide - THPI (metabolite of Captafol and Captan)

Apple Juice 106 19 17.9 0.067 - 0.17 0.040 ^ 25.0

Bananas 506 0 0.075 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 152 21.4 0.033 - 1.6 0.020 - 0.065 25

Blueberries, Frozen 22 7 31.8 0.033 - 0.35 0.020 - 0.065 25

Broccoli 736 0 0.020 ^ 2

Carrots 216 0 0.040 - 0.13 2

Celery 721 0 0.020 - 0.20 50

Cherries 122 1 0.8 0.39 ^ 0.040 - 0.065 100

Green Beans 211 17 8.1 0.067 - 0.95 0.040 - 0.10 25

Greens, Collard 117 0 0.039 ^ 2

Greens, Kale 96 0 0.039 ^ 2

Peaches 555 14 2.5 0.065 - 0.62 0.039 - 0.040 50

Potatoes, Frozen 579 0 0.039 - 0.040 25

Raisins 108 0 0.080 ^ 50

Summer Squash 196 0 0.040 - 0.13 25

TOTAL 5,002 210

Tetramethrin (insecticide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

TOTAL 528 0

Thiabendazole (fungicide) (parent of 5-hydroxythiabendazole)

Apple Juice 106 57 53.8 0.002 - 0.32 0.001 ^ 10

Bananas 744 473 63.6 0.002 - 0.36 0.001 - 0.010 3

Blueberries (V-2) 668 2 0.3 0.0005 - 0.002 0.0001 - 0.001 NT

Blueberries, Frozen 21 0 0.0001 - 0.001 NT

Broccoli (V-8) 736 8 1.1 0.0002 - 0.0007 0.0001 ^ NT

Carrots 744 3 0.4 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.003 10

Celery (V-4) 739 4 0.5 0.0002 - 0.002 0.0001 - 0.001 NT

Cherries (V-2) 122 2 1.6 0.002 - 0.007 0.001 ^ NT

Green Beans (V-9) 739 9 1.2 0.002 - 0.026 0.001 - 0.010 NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.010 ^ NT

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ NT

Peaches (V-34) 524 34 6.5 0.002 - 0.65 0.001 - 0.030 NT

Potatoes, Frozen 778 33 4.2 0.002 - 0.37 0.001 - 0.030 10.0

Raisins (V-1) 108 1 0.9 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ NT

TOTAL 6,552 626

Thiacloprid (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 106 5 4.7 0.002 - 0.005 0.001 ^ 0.30

Blueberries 504 0 0.0004 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0004 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.0004 - 0.002 NT

Celery 525 0 0.0004 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,891 5

Thiamethoxam (insecticide) (also a parent of Clothianidin)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.001 - 0.040 0.2

Bananas 528 0 0.010 ^ NT

Blueberries 711 2 0.3 0.002 - 0.004 0.001 - 0.050 0.20

Blueberries, Frozen 22 0 0.001 - 0.050 0.20

Broccoli 720 3 0.4 0.008 ^ 0.005 - 0.10 4.5

Carrots 744 0 0.001 - 0.003 0.02

Celery 526 1 0.2 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.050 4.0

Cherries 122 4 3.3 0.002 - 0.032 0.001 ^ 0.5

Green Beans 739 0 0.001 - 0.010 0.02

Greens, Collard 236 4 1.7 0.010 - 0.033 0.010 ^ 3.0

Greens, Kale 287 0 0.010 ^ 3.0

Nectarines 563 0 0.013 - 0.026 0.5

Peaches 555 1 0.2 0.005 ^ 0.001 ^ 0.5

Potatoes, Frozen 800 41 5.1 0.002 - 0.015 0.001 ^ 0.25

Appendix B. Page 45 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Summer Squash 742 39 5.3 0.002 - 0.23 0.001 - 0.040 0.2

Tomatoes 741 10 1.3 0.022 - 0.052 0.013 - 0.026 0.25

TOTAL 8,404 105

Thiobencarb (herbicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.0006 ^ NT

Celery 739 0 0.0006 - 0.010 0.2

TOTAL 1,999 0

Thiodicarb (insecticide) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.002 ^ NT

Blueberries 34 0 0.002 ^ NT

Peaches 9 0 0.002 ^ NT

TOTAL 131 0

Tolyfluanid (fungicide) 

Tomatoes 741 0 0.010 ^ 2.0

TOTAL 741 0

Tri-Allate (herbicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

TOTAL 528 0

Triadimefon (fungicide) (also a parent of Triadimenol)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.025 - 0.030 1.0

Bananas 744 0 0.011 - 0.025 NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.0009 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0009 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.0009 - 0.003 NT

Celery 525 0 0.0009 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 0 0.036 ^ 4.0

Raisins 372 0 0.050 ^ 1.0

Summer Squash 742 0 0.025 - 0.030 NT

TOTAL 4,574 0

Triadimenol (fungicide) (also a metabolite of Triadimefon)

Apple Juice 368 0 0.015 - 0.050 1.0

Bananas 744 0 0.011 - 0.015 0.2

Nectarines 563 0 0.035 ^ 4.0

Raisins 372 0 0.030 - 0.050 1.0

Summer Squash 742 0 0.015 - 0.050 NT

TOTAL 2,789 0

Trifloxystrobin (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.001 - 0.030 0.5

Bananas 744 0 0.001 - 0.005 0.10

Blueberries (V-1) 504 1 0.2 0.0007 ^ 0.0004 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0004 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.0004 ^ NT

Carrots 744 0 0.0004 - 0.001 0.10

Celery 739 16 2.2 0.0007 - 0.027 0.0004 - 0.0007 3.5

Cherries 419 44 10.5 0.001 - 0.019 0.0007 - 0.0008 2

Green Beans (V-2) 739 2 0.3 0.001 - 0.008 0.0007 - 0.005 NT

Greens, Collard 236 0 0.005 ^ NT

Greens, Kale (V-1) 287 1 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.005 ^ NT

Nectarines 563 5 0.9 0.002 - 0.003 0.001 - 0.002 2

Peaches 555 4 0.7 0.004 - 0.025 0.0007 - 0.001 2

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.001 ^ 0.04

Raisins 372 79 21.2 0.002 - 0.054 0.001 - 0.030 5.0

Appendix B. Page 46 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

Summer Squash 742 2 0.3 0.002 ^ 0.001 - 0.030 0.50

Tomatoes 741 12 1.6 0.002 - 0.021 0.001 - 0.002 0.5

TOTAL 9,309 166

Triflumizole (fungicide) 

Apple Juice 368 0 0.050 ^ 0.5

Bananas 528 0 0.003 ^ NT

Cherries 419 36 8.6 0.012 - 0.12 0.010 - 0.050 1.5

Green Beans 528 0 0.003 ^ NT

Greens, Collard 353 2 0.6 0.009 - 0.018 0.003 - 0.050 20

Greens, Kale 383 1 0.3 0.009 ^ 0.003 - 0.050 20

Raisins 372 0 0.050 - 0.10 2.5

Summer Squash 742 1 0.1 0.060 ^ 0.050 ^ 0.5

TOTAL 3,693 40

Trifluralin (herbicide) 

Apple Juice 88 0 0.017 ^ NT

Bananas 528 0 0.015 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.0005 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.0005 ^ NT

Broccoli 137 0 0.002 - 0.007 0.05

Carrots 744 369 49.6 0.002 - 0.22 0.002 - 0.017 1.0

Celery 739 9 1.2 0.0008 - 0.005 0.0005 - 0.017 0.05

Cherries 419 0 0.003 - 0.017 0.05

Green Beans 739 0 0.015 - 0.017 0.05

Greens, Collard 353 0 0.015 - 0.017 0.05

Greens, Kale 386 1 0.3 0.026 ^ 0.015 - 0.017 0.05

Nectarines 563 0 0.021 ^ 0.05

Peaches 555 0 0.017 ^ 0.05

Potatoes, Frozen 800 0 0.017 ^ 0.05

Raisins 372 0 0.030 - 0.034 0.05

Summer Squash 720 0 0.017 - 0.030 0.05

Tomatoes 741 0 0.021 ^ 0.05

TOTAL 8,408 379

Triforine (fungicide) 

Blueberries 504 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.003 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.003 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.003 ^ NT

TOTAL 1,785 0

Vinclozolin (fungicide) 

Bananas 528 0 0.003 ^ NT

Blueberries 504 0 0.004 ^ NT

Blueberries, Frozen 20 0 0.004 ^ NT

Broccoli 736 0 0.004 ^ NT

Celery 525 0 0.004 ^ NT

Cherries 419 0 0.006 - 0.007 NT

Green Beans 211 0 0.007 ^ 2.0

Peaches 404 0 0.008 ^ NT

Raisins 372 0 0.014 - 0.050 NT

TOTAL 3,719 0

Zoxamide (fungicide) 

Raisins 264 0 0.050 ^ 15.0

Summer Squash 528 0 0.050 ^ 1.0

Tomatoes 741 0 0.011 ^ 2.0

TOTAL 1,533 0

Appendix B. Page 47 of 48
 Pesticide / Commodity

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

with Detections

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of LODs, 

ppm

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppm

NOTES

^ Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT = No tolerance level was set for that pesticide/commodity pair.

AL = Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA for some pesticides. Under FQPA, responsibility for establishing

tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels are used.

SU Safe use in spot and/or crack and crevice treatments.

(V) = Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following "V" are the number of occurrences.

(X) = Residue was found which exceeds EPA tolerance or FDA action level. Following "X" are the number of occurrences.

** = Previously reported as lambda cyhalothrin total, which included lambda cyhalothrin (a 1:1 mixture of the cis-(1R,3R),S-enantiomer

and the cis-(1S,3S),R-enantiomer) as well as R157836 (a 1:1 mixture of the cis-(1S,3S),S-enantiomer and the cis-(1R,3R),

R-enantiomer).

Many of the listed tolerances are the sum of a parent compound and metabolite(s)/isomer(s). The reader is 

advised to refer to EPA for the complete listing of compounds in tolerance expressions. 

Appendix B. Page 48 of 48
Appendix C 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Almonds 

Appendix C shows residue detections for all compounds tested in 

almonds, including range of values detected, range of Limits of Detection 

(LODs), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tolerance references 

for each pair. 

In 2007, PDP analyzed 361 almond samples. PDP detected 11 different 

pesticide residues in the almond samples. All residue detections were much 

lower than the established tolerances. 

Action levels (ALs) are shown in this appendix, where applicable, and 

denote Action Level values established by FDA. Under the FQPA, responsibility 

for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In 

the interim, action levels are used. 

EPA tolerances as published in 40 CFR Part 180 are expressed in parts 

per million (ppm). Because almond residues are expressed in parts per billion 

(ppb), EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1,000 as a basis for 

comparison using a single scale. There is no intention to imply any more 

exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA. 
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Acephate I 361 15 ^ 20

Azinphos methyl I 361 10 ^ 200

Azoxystrobin F 361 2.0 ^ 20

Bendiocarb I 361 4.0 ^ SU

Benoxacor S 361 5.0 ^ 10

Bifenazate A 361 10 ^ 200

Bifenthrin I 361 1.0 ^ 50

Boscalid F 361 67 18.6 5.0 - 92.5 5.0 ^ 700

Buprofezin I 361 5.0 ^ 50

Captan F 361 10 ^ 2000

Carbaryl I 361 15 ^ 1000

Carbendazim (MBC) F 361 1.0 ^ 200

Carfentrazone ethyl H 361 1.0 ^ 100

Chlorfenapyr I 361 1.0 ^ 10

Chlorothalonil F 361 1.0 ^ 50

Chlorpyrifos I 361 166 46 1.0 - 24.8 1.0 ^ 200

Cyfluthrin I 361 2.0 ^ 10

Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + 

R157836 epimer) I 361 1 0.3 1.0 ^ 1.0 ^ 50

Cypermethrin I 361 2.0 ^ 50

Cyprodinil F 361 8.0 ^ 20

DDE p,p' IM 361 1.0 ^ NT

Deltamethrin (includes parent 

Tralomethrin) I 361 25 ^ 100

Diazinon I 361 1.0 ^ 500

Diazinon oxygen analog IM 361 1.0 ^ NT

Dichlorvos (DDVP) I 361 2 0.6 6.7 - 49.3 5.0 ^ 500

Dieldrin I 361 2.0 ^ NT

Diflubenzuron I 361 35 ^ 60

Endosulfan I I 361 1.0 ^ 300

Endosulfan II IM 361 1.0 ^ 300

Endosulfan sulfate IM 361 2 0.6 1.4 - 1.5 1.0 ^ 300

Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total I 361 2 0.6 4.5 - 7.6 1.0 ^ 200

Etoxazole A 361 1.0 ^ 10

APPENDIX C. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN ALMONDS

Appendix C. Page 1 of 3
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Fenbuconazole F 361 5.0 ^ 50

Fenhexamid F 361 10 ^ 20

Fenpyroximate A 361 3.0 ^ 100

Fluridone H 361 10 ^ 100

Hexythiazox I 361 8.0 ^ 300

Hydroprene R 361 5.0 ^ 200

Imidacloprid I 361 10 ^ 50

Iprodione F 361 4 1.1 13 - 36.6 10 ^ 300

Malathion I 361 2.0 ^ 8000

Malathion oxygen analog IM 361 4.0 ^ NT

Metalaxyl F 361 2.0 ^ 500

Methamidophos I 361 7.0 ^ 20

Methidathion I 361 5.0 ^ 50

Methoxyfenozide I 361 19 5.3 4.6 - 10.5 4.0 ^ 100

Metolachlor H 361 5.0 ^ 100

MGK-264 I 361 28 7.8 5.1 - 42.6 5.0 ^ 10,000

Myclobutanil F 361 10 ^ 100

Norflurazon H 361 3.0 ^ 100

Oxyfluorfen H 361 1.0 ^ 50

Parathion methyl I 361 2.0 ^ 100

Parathion methyl oxygen analog IM 361 5.0 ^ NT

Pendimethalin H 361 3.0 ^ 100

Permethrin Total I 361 15 ^ 50

Phosalone I 361 5.0 ^ 100

Phosmet I 361 16 4.4 5.0 - 20.7 5.0 ^ 100

Piperonyl butoxide I 361 214 59.3 2.0 - 309 2.0 ^ 8000

Prallethrin I 361 2.0 ^ 1000

Propargite I 361 10 ^ 100

Propetamphos I 361 5.0 ^ 100

Propiconazole F 361 5.0 ^ 100

Pyraclostrobin F 361 40 ^ 40

Pyridaben I 361 2.0 ^ 50

Pyrimethanil F 361 5.0 ^ 200

Pyriproxyfen I 361 3.0 ^ 20

Appendix C. Page 2 of 3
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Sethoxydim H 361 4.0 ^ 200

Simazine H 361 20 ^ 250

Spirodiclofen A 361 1.0 ^ 100

Tebufenozide I 361 5.0 ^ 100

Trifloxystrobin F 361 1.0 ^ 40

Trifluralin H 361 1.0 ^ 50

NOTES

* = EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1000 as a basis for comparison using a single scale.

 There is no intention to imply any more exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA.

^ = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT = No tolerance level was set for that pesticide/commodity pair.

Pesticide Types:

A = Acaricide

F = Fungicide

H = Herbicide

I = Insecticide, IM = Insecticide Metabolite

R = Insect Growth Regulator

S = Herbicide Safener

Many of the listed tolerances are the sum of a parent compound and metabolite(s)/isomer(s). The reader is 

advised to refer to EPA for the complete listing of compounds in tolerance expressions.

Appendix C. Page 3 of 3
Appendix D

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Honey 

Appendix D shows residue detections for all compounds tested in honey, 

including range of values detected, range of Limits of Detection (LODs), and U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tolerance references for each pair. 

In 2007, PDP analyzed 186 honey samples. PDP detected 6 different 

pesticide residues in the honey samples. All residue detections were much lower 

than the established tolerances. 

Action levels (ALs) are shown in this appendix, where applicable, and 

denote Action Level values established by FDA. Under the FQPA, responsibility 

for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In 

the interim, action levels are used. 

PDP reports tolerance violations to the Food and Drug Administration 

(FDA) as part of an interagency Memorandum of Understanding between the 

U.S. Department of Agriculture and FDA. Residues reported to FDA are shown 

in the “Pesticide/Commodity” column to the right of the commodity and are 

annotated as “X” (if the residue exceeded the established tolerance) or “V” [if the 

residue did not have a tolerance listed in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 

Title 40, Part 180]. In both cases, these annotations are followed by a number 

indicating the number of samples reported to FDA. 

EPA tolerances as published in 40 CFR Part 180 are expressed in parts 

per million (ppm). Because honey residues are expressed in parts per billion 

(ppb), EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1,000 as a basis for 

comparison using a single scale. There is no intention to imply any more 

exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA. 
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Acephate I 186 50 ^ 20

Acetamiprid I 186 40 ^ NT

Acetochlor H 186 10 ^ NT

Alachlor H 186 10 ^ NT

Aldicarb I 186 4.0 ^ NT

Aldicarb sulfone IM 186 15 ^ NT

Aldicarb sulfoxide IM 186 20 ^ NT

Aldrin I 186 10 ^ NT

Allethrin I 186 10 ^ NT

Amicarbazone H 186 30 ^ NT

Amitraz I 186 4.0 ^ 1000

Atrazine H 186 6.0 ^ NT

Azinphos methyl I 186 6.0 ^ NT

Azoxystrobin F 186 2.0 ^ NT

Bendiocarb I 186 2.0 ^ NT

Benoxacor S 186 4.0 ^ 10

BHC alpha I 186 4.0 ^ NT

Bifenazate A 186 20 ^ NT

Bifenthrin I 186 2.0 ^ 50

Boscalid F 186 4.0 ^ NT

Bromuconazole F 186 20 ^ NT

Buprofezin I 186 20 ^ NT

Captan F 186 10 ^ NT

Carbaryl I 186 30 ^ NT

Carbendazim (MBC) F 186 5.0 ^ NT

Carbofuran I 186 5.0 ^ NT

Carboxin F 186 4.0 ^ NT

Carfentrazone ethyl H 186 1.0 ^ NT

Chlorfenapyr I 186 1.0 ^ 10

Chlorfenvinphos total I 186 6.0 ^ NT

Chlorothalonil F 186 2.0 ^ NT

Chlorpropham H 186 40 ^ NT

Chlorpyrifos I 186 1.0 ^ 100

Chlorpyrifos methyl I 186 1.0 ^ NT

Clofentezine I 186 100 ^ NT

Clothianidin I 186 20 ^ NT

Coumaphos I 186 83 44.6 1.0 - 11.8 1.0 ^ 150

APPENDIX D. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN HONEY

Appendix D. Page 1 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Coumaphos oxygen analog IM 186 5.0 ^ 150

Cyfluthrin I 186 4.0 ^ 50

Cyhalothrin, Lambda I 186 1.0 ^ 10

Cypermethrin I 186 4.0 ^ 50

Cyphenothrin I 186 20 ^ NT

Cyprodinil F 186 16 ^ NT

DDD p,p' IM 186 4.0 ^ NT

DDE p,p' IM 186 2.0 ^ NT

DDT p,p' I 186 4.0 ^ NT

DEF (Tribufos) H 186 2.0 ^ NT

Deltamethrin (includes parent 

Tralomethrin) I 186 50 ^ 50

Diazinon I 186 1.0 ^ NT

4,4-dibromobenzophenone A 186 4.0 ^ NT

Dichlorvos (DDVP) I 186 10 ^ 500

Dicloran (V-1) F 186 1 0.5 1.0 ^ 1.0 ^ NT

Dicofol p,p' (V-3) I 186 3 1.6 1.3 - 3.6 1.0 ^ NT

Dieldrin I 186 10 ^ NT

Difenoconazole F 186 10 ^ NT

Diflubenzuron I 186 100 ^ NT

Dimethenamid H 186 10 ^ NT

Dimethoate I 186 20 ^ NT

Dimethomorph F 186 20 ^ NT

2,4-dimethyl aniline (2,4 DMA) I 186 50 ^ NT

2,4-dimethylphenyl formamide (2,4-

DMPF) IM 186 8 4.3 4.2 - 27.5 4.0 ^ 1000

Dinotefuran I 186 30 ^ NT

Diphenamid H 186 1.0 ^ NT

Endosulfan I I 186 2.0 ^ NT

Endosulfan II IM 186 2.0 ^ NT

Endosulfan sulfate IM 186 2.0 ^ NT

Endrin I 186 10 ^ NT

Epoxiconazole F 186 1.0 ^ NT

Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total I 186 2.0 ^ 50

Ethion I 186 10 ^ NT

Ethofumesate H 186 5.0 ^ NT

Etoxazole A 186 1.0 ^ NT

Etridiazole F 186 10 ^ NT

Famoxadone F 186 20 ^ NT

Appendix D. Page 2 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Fenamidone F 186 10 ^ NT

Fenbuconazole F 186 10 ^ NT

Fenhexamid F 186 6.0 ^ NT

Fenoxaprop ethyl H 186 6.0 ^ NT

Fenpropathrin I 186 10 ^ NT

Fenpyroximate A 186 5.0 ^ 100

Fenthion I 186 10 ^ NT

Fipronil I 186 10 ^ NT

Fludioxonil F 186 100 ^ NT

Fluoxastrobin F 186 4.0 ^ NT

Fluridone H 186 50 ^ NT

Flutolanil F 186 4.0 ^ NT

Fluvalinate I 186 19 10.2 1.0 - 6.7 1.0 ^ 50

Heptachlor I 186 4.0 ^ NT

Heptachlor epoxide IM 186 10 ^ NT

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) FM 186 1.0 ^ NT

Hexythiazox I 186 30 ^ NT

Hydroprene R 186 10 ^ 200

3-Hydroxycarbofuran IM 186 4.0 ^ NT

Imazalil F 186 5.0 ^ NT

Imidacloprid I 186 20 ^ NT

Indoxacarb I 186 30 ^ NT

Iprodione F 186 20 ^ NT

Lindane (BHC gamma) I 186 4.0 ^ NT

Linuron H 186 100 ^ NT

Malathion I 186 4.0 ^ NT

Metalaxyl F 186 2.0 ^ NT

Methamidophos I 186 20 ^ 20

Methidathion I 186 10 ^ NT

Methomyl I 186 10 ^ NT

Methoxyfenozide I 186 2.0 ^ NT

Metolachlor H 186 6.0 ^ NT

Metribuzin H 186 1.0 ^ NT

MGK-264 I 186 10 ^ 10000

MGK-326 (dipropyl isocinchomeronate) I 186 10 ^ NT

Myclobutanil F 186 15 ^ NT

1-Naphthol IM 186 10 ^ NT

Norflurazon H 186 6.0 ^ NT

Appendix D. Page 3 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Oxamyl I 186 5.0 ^ NT

Oxyfluorfen H 186 1.0 ^ NT

Parathion methyl I 186 2.0 ^ NT

Pendimethalin H 186 6.0 ^ NT

Permethrin Total I 186 10 ^ NT

Phenothrin I 186 10 ^ NT

Phorate I 186 10 ^ NT

Phosalone I 186 10 ^ NT

Phosmet I 186 10 ^ NT

Piperonyl butoxide I 186 6.0 ^ NT

Pirimiphos methyl I 186 4.0 ^ NT

Prallethrin I 186 4.0 ^ 1000

Profenofos I 186 10 ^ NT

Pronamide H 186 1.0 ^ NT

Propachlor H 186 10 ^ NT

Propanil H 186 10 ^ NT

Propargite I 186 10 ^ NT

Propazine H 186 4.0 ^ NT

Propetamphos I 186 4.0 ^ 100

Propham H 186 20 ^ NT

Propiconazole F 186 10 ^ NT

Pyraclostrobin F 186 15 ^ NT

Pyrethrins I 186 50 ^ 1000

Pyridaben I 186 1.0 ^ NT

Pyrimethanil F 186 3.0 ^ NT

Pyriproxyfen I 186 1.0 ^ 100

Quinoxyfen F 186 10 ^ NT

Quintozene (PCNB) F 186 1.0 ^ NT

Resmethrin I 186 10 ^ 3000

Sethoxydim H 186 8.0 ^ NT

Simazine H 186 10 ^ NT

Spirodiclofen A 186 1.0 ^ NT

Spiromesifen Total (parent + enol 

metabolite) I 186 10 ^ NT

Tebuconazole F 186 8.0 ^ NT

Tebufenozide I 186 5.0 ^ NT

Tebuthiuron H 186 2.0 ^ NT

Tefluthrin I 186 1.0 ^ NT

Tetrachlorvinphos I 186 4.0 ^ NT

Appendix D. Page 4 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Tetraconazole F 186 6.0 ^ NT

Tetradifon I 186 1.0 ^ NT

Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) FM 186 50 ^ NT

Tetramethrin I 186 10 ^ NT

Thiabendazole F 186 4.0 ^ NT

Thiacloprid I 186 8.0 ^ NT

Thiamethoxam I 186 20 ^ NT

Triadimefon F 186 2.0 ^ NT

Triadimenol F 186 45 ^ NT

Trifloxystrobin F 186 2.0 ^ NT

Triflumizole F 186 10 ^ NT

Trifluralin H 186 1.0 ^ NT

Triticonazole F 186 10 ^ NT

Vinclozolin (V-2) F 186 2 1.1 10.6 - 10.7 1.0 ^ NT

NOTES

* = EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1000 as a basis for comparison using a single scale.

 There is no intention to imply any more exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA.

^ = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT = No tolerance level was set for that pesticide/commodity pair.

(V) = Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following "V" are the number of occurrences.

Pesticide Types:

A = Acaricide

F = Fungicide, FM = Fungicide Metabolite

H = Herbicide

I = Insecticide, IM = Insecticide Metabolite

R = Insect Growth Regulator

S = Herbicide Safener

Many of the listed tolerances are the sum of a parent compound and metabolite(s)/isomer(s). The reader is 

advised to refer to EPA for the complete listing of compounds in tolerance expressions. 

Appendix D. Page 5 of 5
Appendix E

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Heavy Cream 

Appendix E shows residue detections for all compounds tested in heavy 

cream, including range of values detected, range of Limits of Detection (LODs), 

and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tolerance references for each 

pair. 

In 2007, PDP analyzed 742 heavy cream samples. PDP detected 11 

different pesticide residues (including metabolites) in the heavy cream samples. 

All residue detections were much lower than the established tolerances. 

Action levels (ALs) are shown in this appendix, where applicable, and 

denote Action Level values established by FDA. Under the FQPA, responsibility 

for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In 

the interim, action levels are used. 

EPA tolerances as published in 40 CFR Part 180 are expressed in parts 

per million (ppm). Because heavy cream residues are expressed in parts per 

billion (ppb), EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1,000 as a 

basis for comparison using a single scale. There is no intention to imply any 

more exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA. 
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Acephate I 742 35 ^ 100

Acetamiprid I 742 6.0 ^ 100

Alachlor H 742 10 ^ 20

Aldicarb I 742 6.0 ^ NT

Aldicarb sulfone IM 742 20 ^ NT

Aldicarb sulfoxide IM 742 76 ^ NT

Aldrin I 742 10 ^ 300 AL

Allethrin I 742 5.0 ^ NT

Amicarbazone H 742 30 ^ 10

Atrazine H 742 6.0 ^ 20

Azoxystrobin F 742 10 ^ 6

Bendiocarb I 742 20 ^ SU

Benoxacor S 742 4.0 ^ 10

BHC alpha I 742 4.0 ^ 300 AL

Bifenazate A 742 40 ^ 20

Bifenthrin I 742 71 9.6 1.0 - 4.5 1.0 ^ 100

Boscalid F 742 20 ^ 100

Bromuconazole F 742 20 ^ NT

Buprofezin I 742 20 ^ 10

Carbaryl I 742 25 ^ 300

Carbendazim (MBC) F 742 6.0 ^ 100

Carbofuran I 742 20 ^ 100

Carboxin F 742 8.0 ^ 50

Carfentrazone ethyl H 742 1.0 ^ 50

Chloroneb F 742 4.0 ^ 50

Chlorpropham H 742 6.0 ^ 300

Chlorpyrifos I 742 1.0 ^ 10

Chlorpyrifos methyl I 742 2.0 ^ 50

Chlorpyrifos methyl O-analog IM 742 9.0 ^ NT

Chlorpyrifos oxygen analog IM 742 240 ^ NT

Clofentezine I 742 35 ^ 10

Clothianidin I 742 20 ^ 20

Coumaphos I 742 6.0 ^ 500

APPENDIX E. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN HEAVY CREAM

Appendix E. Page 1 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Cyfluthrin I 742 10 ^ 1000

Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + 

R157836 epimer) I 742 258 34.8 1.0 - 23.4 1.0 ^ 400

Cypermethrin I 742 10 ^ 100

Cyphenothrin I 742 40 ^ NT

Cyproconazole F 742 40 ^ NT

DDD p,p' IM 742 6.0 ^ 1250 AL

DDE p,p' IM 742 443 59.7 1.0 - 38.1 1.0 ^ 1250 AL

DEF (Tribufos) H 742 10 ^ 2

Deltamethrin (includes parent 

Tralomethrin) I 742 30 ^ 50

Dichlorvos (DDVP) I 742 10 ^ 20

Dieldrin I 742 4.0 ^ 300 AL

Difenoconazole F 742 100 ^ 10

Diflubenzuron I 742 55 ^ 50

Dimethoate I 742 40 ^ 2

Diphenamid H 742 6.0 ^ NT

Diphenylamine (DPA) F 742 44 5.9 2.0 - 4.5 2.0 ^ 10

Endosulfan I I 742 2 0.3 1.0 - 1.2 1.0 ^ 2000

Endosulfan II IM 742 3 0.4 1.4 - 3.6 1.0 ^ 2000

Endosulfan sulfate IM 742 7 0.9 2.0 - 5.0 2.0 ^ 2000

Epoxiconazole F 742 1.0 ^ NT

Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total I 742 4.0 ^ 300

Ethion I 742 2.0 ^ 500

Ethofumesate H 742 45 ^ NT

Etoxazole A 742 20 ^ 10

Etridiazole F 742 6.0 ^ 50

Famoxadone F 742 40 ^ NT

Fenamidone F 742 40 ^ 20

Fenoxaprop ethyl H 742 10 ^ 20

Fenpropathrin I 742 1 0.1 1.0 ^ 1.0 ^ 80

Fenthion I 742 20 ^ 10

Fenthion sulfone IM 742 30 ^ 10

Fenthion-O analog IM 742 20 ^ 10

Fipronil I 742 10 ^ 50

Flonicamid I 742 40 ^ 20

Appendix E. Page 2 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Fluoxastrobin F 742 5.0 ^ 20

Fluridone H 742 20 ^ 50

Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester H 742 2.0 ^ 300

Flutolanil F 742 4.0 ^ 50

Fluvalinate I 742 20 ^ NT

Heptachlor I 742 10 ^ 100 AL

Heptachlor epoxide IM 742 6.0 ^ 100 AL

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) FM 742 310 41.8 0.20 - 0.50 0.20 ^ NR

3-Hydroxycarbofuran IM 742 3.0 ^ 100

5-Hydroxythiabendazole FM 742 25 ^ 400

Imazalil F 742 20 ^ 20

Imidacloprid I 742 20 ^ 100

Indoxacarb I 742 20 ^ 150

Iprodione F 742 12 ^ 500

Lindane (BHC gamma) I 742 4.0 ^ 300

Linuron H 742 50 ^ 50

Malathion I 742 20 ^ 500

Malathion oxygen analog IM 742 20 ^ NT

Metalaxyl F 742 10 ^ 20

Methamidophos I 742 9.0 ^ 100

Methidathion I 742 50 ^ NT

Methidathion oxygen analog IM 742 5.0 ^ NT

Methoxyfenozide I 742 5.0 ^ 100

Metolachlor H 742 10 ^ 20

Metribuzin H 742 2.0 ^ 50

MGK-264 I 742 10 ^ NT

MGK-326 (dipropyl isocinchomeronate) I 742 10 ^ NT

Myclobutanil F 742 10 ^ 200

Norflurazon H 742 3.0 ^ 100

Omethoate IM 742 12 ^ 2

Oxyfluorfen H 742 2.0 ^ 50

Pentachloroaniline (PCA) FM 742 0.20 ^ NT

Pentachlorobenzene (PCB) FM 742 0.10 ^ NT

Pentachlorophenyl methyl sulfide FM 742 0.20 ^ NT

Appendix E. Page 3 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Permethrin Total I 742 2 0.3 32.5 - 34.5 30 ^ 250

Perthane I 742 20 ^ NT

Phorate I 742 4.0 ^ NT

Phorate oxygen analog IM 742 20 ^ NT

Piperonyl butoxide I 742 3 0.4 32.4 - 37.1 30 ^ 250

Pirimiphos methyl I 742 4.0 ^ NT

Prallethrin I 742 10 ^ 1000

Profenofos I 742 10 ^ 10

Pronamide H 742 2.0 ^ 20

Propachlor H 742 10 ^ 20

Propanil H 742 100 ^ 50

Propargite I 742 30 ^ 80

Propham H 742 20 ^ NT

Propiconazole F 742 20 ^ 50

Pyraclostrobin F 742 40 ^ 100

Pyrethrins I 742 40 ^ NT

Pyridaben I 742 6.0 ^ 10

Pyrimethanil F 742 10 ^ 30

Pyriproxyfen I 742 10 ^ 100

Quintozene (PCNB) F 742 1.0 ^ NT

Sethoxydim H 742 1.0 ^ 500

Simazine H 742 25 ^ 20

Spirodiclofen A 742 2.0 ^ 10

Spiromesifen Total (parent + enol 

metabolite) I 742 10 ^ 100

Tebuconazole F 742 3.0 ^ 100

Tebufenozide I 742 6.0 ^ 40

Tebuthiuron H 742 2.0 ^ 300

Tefluthrin I 742 1.0 ^ NT

Tetrachlorvinphos I 742 10 ^ 500

Tetraconazole F 742 10 ^ 10

Tetradifon I 742 1.0 ^ NT

Tetramethrin I 742 12 ^ NT

Thiabendazole F 742 8.0 ^ 400

Thiamethoxam I 742 20 ^ 20

Appendix E. Page 4 of 5
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Thidiazuron P 742 25 ^ 50

Triadimefon F 742 6.0 ^ 40

Triadimenol F 742 90 ^ 40

Trifloxystrobin F 742 2.0 ^ 20

Triflumizole F 742 40 ^ 50

Triticonazole F 742 40 ^ NT

Vinclozolin F 742 1.0 ^ 50

NOTES

* = EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1000 as a basis for comparison using a single scale.

 There is no intention to imply any more exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA.

^ = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT = No tolerance level was set for that pesticide/commodity pair.

NR = Residues were found where no tolerance was established by EPA; however, the residues for this 

 pesticide/commodity pair are substantially below the detection limit of FDA official methods, and are 

 therefore considered to be of no regulatory significance by FDA.

AL = Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA for some pesticides. Under FQPA, responsibility

 for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels

 are used.

Pesticide Types:

A = Acaricide

F = Fungicide, FM = Fungicide Metabolite

H = Herbicide

I = Insecticide, IM = Insecticide Metabolite

R = Insect Growth Regulator

S = Herbicide Safener

Many of the listed tolerances are the sum of a parent compound and metabolite(s)/isomer(s). The reader is 

advised to refer to EPA for the complete listing of compounds in tolerance expressions.

Appendix E. Page 5 of 5
Appendix F

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Corn Grain 

Appendix F shows residue detections for all compounds tested in corn 

grain, including range of values detected, range of Limits of Detection (LODs), 

and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tolerance references for each 

pair. 

In 2007, PDP analyzed 660 corn grain samples. PDP detected 14 

different pesticide residues in the corn grain samples. 

Action levels (ALs) are shown in this appendix, where applicable, and 

denote Action Level values established by FDA. Under the FQPA, responsibility 

for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In 

the interim, action levels are used. 

PDP reports tolerance violations to the Food and Drug Administration 

(FDA) as part of an interagency Memorandum of Understanding between the 

U.S. Department of Agriculture and FDA. Residues reported to FDA are shown 

in the “Pesticide/Commodity” column to the right of the commodity and are 

annotated as “X” (if the residue exceeded the established tolerance) or “V” [if the 

residue did not have a tolerance listed in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 

Title 40, Part 180]. In both cases, these annotations are followed by a number 

indicating the number of samples reported to FDA. 

EPA tolerances as published in 40 CFR Part 180 are expressed in parts 

per million (ppm). Because corn grain residues are expressed in parts per billion 

(ppb), EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1,000 as a basis for 

comparison using a single scale. There is no intention to imply any more 

exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA. 
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

3-Hydroxycarbofuran IM 660 6.0 ^ 200

Acetochlor H 655 1 0.2 3.0 ^ 2.0 ^ 50

Alachlor H 660 2.0 ^ 200

Aldrin I 614 1.0 ^ 20 AL

Ametryn H 650 3.0 ^ 250

Amicarbazone H 649 50 ^ 50

Atrazine H 640 4.0 ^ 250

Azoxystrobin F 629 6.0 ^ 50

Bendiocarb I 580 3.0 ^ SU

Benoxacor S 640 1.0 ^ 10

BHC alpha I 654 1.0 ^ 50 AL

Bifenthrin I 640 4.0 ^ 50

Boscalid F 597 1.0 ^ 200

Carbaryl I 600 3 0.5 3.0 - 31 3.0 ^ 5000

Carbofuran I 635 3.0 ^ 200

Carboxin F 615 2.0 ^ 200

Carfentrazone ethyl H 660 1.0 ^ 100

Chlordane cis I 660 1.0 ^ 100 AL

Chlordane trans I 660 8.0 ^ 100 AL

Chlorpyrifos I 650 195 30 2.0 - 8.0 1.0 ^ 100

Clothianidin I 655 10 ^ 20

Cyanazine (V-1) H 534 1 0.2 3.0 ^ 2.0 ^ NT

Cyfluthrin I 647 8.0 ^ 4000

Cyhalothrin, epimer R157836 I 629 1 0.2 11 ^ 3.0 ^ 50

Cyhalothrin, Lambda I 620 1 0.2 3.0 ^ 2.0 ^ 50

Cypermethrin I 622 15 ^ 50

DDD p,p' IM 647 2.0 ^ 500 AL

DDE p,p' IM 634 1.0 ^ 500 AL

DDT p,p' I 660 6.0 ^ 500 AL

Deltamethrin (includes parent 

Tralomethrin) I 624 4 0.6 20 ^ 12 ^ 1000

Diazinon I 418 1.0 ^ 700

APPENDIX F. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN CORN GRAIN

Appendix F. Page 1 of 4
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Diazinon oxygen analog IM 479 1.0 ^ NT

Dieldrin I 620 4.0 ^ 20 AL

Difenoconazole F 386 4.0 ^ NT

Dimethenamid H 640 1.0 ^ 10

Dimethoate I 621 8.0 ^ 100

Dimethomorph F 575 3.0 ^ 50

Diuron H 658 3.0 ^ 1000

Endosulfan I I 621 4.0 ^ 200

Endosulfan II IM 611 2.0 ^ 200

Endosulfan sulfate IM 630 1.0 ^ 200

Esfenvalerate I 578 2.0 ^ 50

Ethoprop I 641 2.0 ^ 20

Fipronil I 660 12 ^ 20

Fludioxonil F 582 8.0 ^ 20

Flufenacet H 660 1 0.2 59 ^ 3.0 ^ 50

Flumiclorac pentyl H 660 6.0 ^ 10

Fluridone H 351 12 ^ 100

Fluthiacet methyl H 570 50 ^ 10

Fonofos I 660 4.0 ^ NT

Furilazole S 660 12 ^ 10

Heptachlor I 621 4.0 ^ 10 AL

Heptachlor epoxide IM 655 2.0 ^ 10 AL

Hexythiazox I 660 6.0 ^ 50

Hydroprene R 620 6.0 ^ 200

Imidacloprid I 655 6.0 ^ 50

Indoxacarb I 544 4.0 ^ 20

Isoxadifen ethyl S 551 10 ^ 100

Lindane (BHC gamma) I 660 10 ^ 500 AL

Linuron H 660 3.0 ^ 250

Malathion I 659 250 37.9 3.0 - 695 2.0 ^ 8000

Malathion oxygen analog IM 660 4.0 ^ NT

Metalaxyl F 660 4.0 ^ 100

Methomyl I 660 3.0 ^ 100

Methoxychlor p,p' (V-2) IM 660 2 0.3 10 ^ 6.0 ^ NT

Appendix F. Page 2 of 4
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Methoxyfenozide I 623 6.0 ^ 50

Metolachlor H 660 1 0.2 7.0 ^ 4.0 ^ 100

Metribuzin H 660 8.0 ^ 50

Myclobutanil F 580 2.0 ^ 30

Omethoate IM 504 12 ^ 100

Oxydemeton methyl sulfone IM 350 4.0 ^ 500

Oxyfluorfen H 621 2.0 ^ 50

Parathion ethyl I 660 8.0 ^ 1000

Parathion methyl I 550 4.0 ^ 1000

Parathion methyl oxygen analog IM 494 2.0 ^ NT

Parathion oxygen analog IM 660 60 ^ NT

Pendimethalin H 660 12 ^ 100

Permethrin Total I 649 1 0.2 23 ^ 14 ^ 50

Phorate I 621 16 ^ 100

Phorate sulfone IM 620 4.0 ^ 100

Phorate sulfoxide IM 560 2.0 ^ 100

Piperonyl butoxide I 641 16 2.5 3.0 - 128 2.0 ^ 20000

Pirimiphos methyl I 340 8 2.4 2.0 - 49 1.0 ^ 8000

Prometryn H 660 3.0 ^ 250

Propachlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM 660 2.0 ^ 100

Propargite I 600 4.0 ^ 100

Propetamphos I 640 4.0 ^ 100

Propiconazole F 412 8.0 ^ 200

Pyraclostrobin F 655 3.0 ^ 100

Pyraflufen ethyl H 656 6.0 ^ 10

Pyriproxyfen I 417 2.0 ^ 1100

Resmethrin I 615 1.0 ^ 3000

Simazine H 640 3.0 ^ 250

Spinosad A IM 599 10 ^ 1500

Spinosad D IM 618 10 ^ 1500

Spiromesifen Total (parent + enol 

metabolite) I 634 2.0 ^ 20

TCMTB F 391 4.0 ^ 100

Tefluthrin I 660 3.0 ^ 60

Appendix F. Page 3 of 4
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of 

Samples w/ 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppb

Range of 

LODs, ppb

EPA 

Tolerance 

Level, ppb*

Terbufos I 640 8.0 ^ 50

Terbufos sulfone IM 660 8.0 ^ 50

Thiamethoxam I 280 1.0 ^ 20

Triadimenol F 99 24 ^ 50

Trifloxystrobin F 655 3.0 ^ 50

Trifluralin H 620 2.0 ^ 50

NOTES

* = EPA Tolerances have been multiplied by a factor of 1000 as a basis for comparison using a single scale.

 There is no intention to imply any more exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA.

^ = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

NT = No tolerance level was set for that pesticide/commodity pair.

AL = Numbers shown are Action Levels established by FDA for some pesticides. Under FQPA, responsibility

 for establishing tolerances in lieu of action levels has been transferred to EPA. In the interim, action levels

 are used.

(V) = Residue was found where no tolerance was established by EPA. Following "V" are the number of occurrences.

Pesticide Types:

F = Fungicide

H = Herbicide, H = Herbicide Metabolite

I = Insecticide, IM = Insecticide Metabolite

R = Insect Growth Regulator

S = Herbicide Safener

Many of the listed tolerances are the sum of a parent compound and metabolite(s)/isomer(s). The reader is 

advised to refer to EPA for the complete listing of compounds in tolerance expressions.

Appendix F. Page 4 of 4
Appendix G

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

 in Groundwater 

Appendix G shows residue detections for all compounds tested in 

groundwater, including range of values detected and range of Limits of Detection 

(LODs) for each pair in parts per trillion (ppt). 

In 2007, PDP analyzed 272 groundwater samples from 74 collection sites 

(private wells). PDP detected 27 different pesticide residues (including 

metabolites) in the groundwater samples. Most of the detections were for 

herbicides. The samples with detectable residues came from 37 different sites. 
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detects

Range of Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

2,4-D H 272 8 2.9 4.2 - 48.6 2.5 ^

2,4-DB H 272 4.0 ^

Acetochlor H 272 1 0.4 635 ^ 10 ^

Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) HM 272 8 2.9 60.3 - 824 9.0 ^

Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM 272 1 0.4 1019 ^ 10 ^

Alachlor H 272 2 0.7 17 - 58 10 ^

Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) HM 272 36 13.2 20.8 - 4310 12.5 ^

Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM 272 10 ^

Atrazine H 272 25 9.2 17 - 166 10 ^

Bensulfuron methyl H 272 5.0 ^

Bentazon H 1 1 100 0.50 ^ 0.30 ^

Boscalid F 272 100 ^

Bromacil H 272 1 0.4 10 ^ 6.0 ^

Carbaryl I 272 3 1.1 12.5 - 61.2 7.5 ^

Carbofuran I 272 4.0 ^

Chlorimuron ethyl H 272 6.0 ^

Chlorothalonil F 272 30 ^

Chlorpyrifos I 272 30 ^

Clomazone H 272 30 ^

Clopyralid H 272 12.5 ^

Cyanazine H 272 50 ^

DCPA H 272 30 ^

Desethyl atrazine HM 272 34 12.5 17 - 1550 10 ^

Desethyl-desisopropyl atrazine HM 272 24 8.8 25 - 688 15 ^

Desisopropyl atrazine HM 272 10 3.7 83 - 191 50 ^

Diazinon I 272 30 ^

Dichlobenil H 263 5.0 ^

Dimethenamid H 272 10 ^

Dimethenamid ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) HM 272 7 2.6 37.9 - 158 2.0 ^

Dimethenamid oxanilic acid (OA) HM 272 4 1.5 20.1 - 44.1 3.0 ^

Dimethoate I 272 50 ^

Disulfoton sulfone IM 272 6.0 ^

Diuron H 272 2 0.7 7.0 - 14.1 4.0 ^

EPTC H 272 30 ^

APPENDIX G. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN GROUNDWATER

Appendix G. Page 1 of 3
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detects

Range of Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

Ethalfluralin H 272 30 ^

Flufenacet oxanilic acid (OA) HM 272 2.5 ^

Fluometuron H 263 50 ^

Fonofos I 272 30 ^

Halosulfuron H 272 9.0 ^

Hydroxy atrazine HM 272 11 4 3.0 - 39.3 2.0 ^

Imazamethabenz acid H 272 3.0 ^

Imazamethabenz methyl H 272 1.5 ^

Imazamox H 272 4.0 ^

Imazapic H 272 3.0 ^

Imazapyr H 272 3 1.1 4.2 ^ 2.5 ^

Imazaquin H 272 5.0 ^

Imazethapyr H 272 2.0 ^

Linuron H 272 6.0 ^

Malathion I 272 3 1.1 50 - 312 30 ^

Malathion oxygen analog IM 263 300 ^

MCPA H 272 1.5 ^

MCPB H 272 3.0 ^

Metalaxyl F 272 8 2.9 4.2 - 29.1 2.5 ^

Methidathion I 263 100 ^

Methidathion oxygen analog IM 263 700 ^

Metolachlor H 272 6 2.2 25 - 115 15 ^

Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) HM 272 55 20.2 5.0 - 18000 3.0 ^

Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM 272 24 8.8 5.0 - 4360 3.0 ^

Metribuzin H 272 30 ^

Metsulfuron methyl H 272 7.0 ^

Myclobutanil F 272 50 ^

Neburon H 272 3.0 ^

Nicosulfuron H 272 8.0 ^

Parathion methyl I 272 30 ^

Pendimethalin H 272 30 ^

Permethrin cis IM 263 50 ^

Permethrin trans IM 263 50 ^

Phorate I 272 30 ^

Phorate oxygen analog IM 263 50 ^

Appendix G. Page 2 of 3
Pesticide

Pest. 

Type

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detects

Range of Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

Phorate sulfone IM 263 100 ^

Phorate sulfoxide IM 263 100 ^

Picloram H 272 2 0.7 20.8 - 56.2 12.5 ^

Prometon H 272 30 ^

Prometryn H 272 1.0 ^

Propachlor H 272 30 ^

Propachlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM 272 3.0 ^

Propanil H 272 30 ^

Propazine H 272 30 ^

Propiconazole F 272 50 ^

Propoxur I 272 3.0 ^

Siduron H 272 2.0 ^

Simazine H 272 1 0.4 50 ^ 30 ^

Sulfometuron methyl H 272 4 1.5 8.6 - 17.7 2.5 ^

Tebuconazole F 272 50 ^

Tebupirimfos I 272 30 ^

Tebuthiuron H 272 30 ^

Terbufos I 272 30 ^

Tetraconazole F 272 30 ^

Thifensulfuron H 272 5.0 ^

Thiobencarb H 272 2.5 ^

Tri Allate H 272 30 ^

Triasulfuron H 272 1 0.4 12 ^ 7.0 ^

Trifluralin H 272 30 ^

Triticonazole F 263 500 ^

NOTES

^ = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

Pesticide Types:

F = Fungicide

H = Herbicide, HM = Herbicide Metabolite

I = Insecticide, IM = Insecticide Metabolite

Appendix G. Page 3 of 3
Appendix H 

Distribution of Residues by Pesticide 

in Drinking Water 

Appendix H shows residue detections for all compounds tested in drinking 

water, including range of values detected and range of Limits of Detection 

(LODs). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Primary 

Drinking Water Regulation (NPDWR) Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for 

drinking water, Health Advisory (HA) values for drinking water, and Freshwater 

Aquatic Organism (FAOs) Criteria for ambient water are also shown. Units for 

LODs, MCLs, HAs, and FAOs are shown in parts per trillion (ppt). 

In 2007, PDP analyzed 734 drinking water samples, including 370 finished 

drinking water samples and 364 untreated (raw intake) drinking water samples. 

PDP detected 46 different pesticide residues in finished drinking water and 52 

residues in the untreated intake water; most of the detections were herbicides. 

None of the finished drinking water samples exceeded EPA MCLs or HAs for any 

pesticide detected. In fact, the majority of pesticides included in the PDP 

screens were not detected. 

The MCLs are legally enforceable standards that apply to public water 

systems. EPA’s regulations for MCLs can be referenced at 

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/mcl.html. The HAs are an estimate of acceptable 

drinking water levels for a chemical substance based on health effects 

information. The values published are for lifetime HA, which is the concentration 

of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse 

noncarcinogenic effects for a lifetime of exposure. The HA values can be 

referenced at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/drinking. FAO criteria are 

set by EPA and are the concentration of a chemical in water at or below which 

aquatic life are protected from acute and chronic adverse effects of the chemical. 

The FAO values can be referenced at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/

wqctable/index.html. Health Advisories and FAO criteria are not legally 

enforceable Federal standards, but serve as technical guidance to assist 

Federal, State, and local officials. 

EPA MCL, HA, and FAO values are expressed in parts per million (ppm). 

Because drinking water residues are expressed in parts per trillion (ppt), EPA 

MCL, HA, and FAO values have been multiplied by a factor of 1,000,000 as a 

basis for comparison using a single scale. There is no intention to imply any 

more exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA. 
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

1,2,4-Triazole FM

 Water, Finished 113 220 ^

 Water, Untreated 91 220 ^

2,4,5-T H

 Water, Finished 369 1.6 - 22 70,000

 Water, Untreated 362 1.6 - 22

2,4-D H

 Water, Finished 369 191 51.8 1.1 - 3830 0.65 - 90 70,000

 Water, Untreated 362 190 52.5 1.1 - 2042 0.65 - 90

2,4-DB H

 Water, Finished 369 14 - 151

 Water, Untreated 362 14 - 151

Acetochlor H

 Water, Finished 369 2 0.5 82.4 - 193 9.2 - 49.5

 Water, Untreated 364 12 3.3 15.3 - 346 9.2 - 49.5

Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid 

(ESA) HM

 Water, Finished 370 66 17.8 2.7 - 982 1.6 - 45

 Water, Untreated 363 72 19.8 2.7 - 532 1.6 - 45

Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM

 Water, Finished 370 85 23 2.3 - 950 1.4 - 45

 Water, Untreated 363 86 23.7 7.8 - 918 1.4 - 45

Acifluorfen H

 Water, Finished 118 80 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 80 ^

Alachlor H

 Water, Finished 369 2 0.5 75 - 216 7.8 - 45 2,000

 Water, Untreated 364 2 0.5 16.3 - 75 7.8 - 45

Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid 

(ESA) HM

 Water, Finished 370 104 28.1 2.8 - 254 1.7 - 45

 Water, Untreated 363 117 32.2 2.8 - 1037 1.7 - 45

Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM

 Water, Finished 370 35 9.5 1.0 - 75 0.61 - 45

 Water, Untreated 363 50 13.8 1.0 - 75 0.61 - 45

Aldicarb I

 Water, Finished 233 5.3 - 1500 3,000 7,000

 Water, Untreated 231 5.3 - 1500

Aldicarb sulfone IM

 Water, Finished 118 200 ^ 2,000 7,000

 Water, Untreated 118 200 ^

APPENDIX H. DISTRIBUTION OF RESIDUES BY PESTICIDE IN DRINKING WATER

Appendix H. Page 1 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Aldicarb sulfoxide IM

 Water, Finished 118 0.50 ^ 4,000 7,000

 Water, Untreated 118 0.50 ^

Aldrin I

 Water, Finished 253 9.6 - 25

 Water, Untreated 250 9.6 - 25 3,000

Atrazine H

 Water, Finished 368 260 70.7 1.1 - 860 0.66 - 25 3,000

 Water, Untreated 363 235 64.7 1.1 - 1713 0.66 - 25

Azinphos methyl I

 Water, Finished 250 10 - 12

 Water, Untreated 245 10 - 12

Azinphos methyl oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 135 8.7 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 8.7 ^

Benfluralin H

 Water, Finished 146 9.8 - 50

 Water, Untreated 144 9.8 - 50

Benomyl F

 Water, Finished 118 30 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 30 ^

Bensulfuron methyl H

 Water, Finished 299 1.2 - 54

 Water, Untreated 296 1.2 - 54

Bentazon H

 Water, Finished 369 36 9.8 0.30 - 10 0.18 - 209 200,000

 Water, Untreated 362 90 24.9 0.30 - 65 0.18 - 209

BHC alpha I

 Water, Finished 118 20 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 20 ^

Bifenthrin I

 Water, Finished 253 3.2 - 5.0

 Water, Untreated 250 1 0.4 8.0 ^ 3.2 - 5.0

Bromacil H

 Water, Finished 251 2.5 - 9.6 70,000

 Water, Untreated 244 11 4.5 4.2 - 180 2.5 - 9.6

Bromoxynil H

 Water, Finished 234 6.0 - 38

 Water, Untreated 230 6.0 - 38

Bromuconazole 46 FM

 Water, Finished 135 6.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 6.5 ^

Bromuconazole 47 FM

 Water, Finished 135 9.4 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 9.4 ^

Appendix H. Page 2 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Butachlor H

 Water, Finished 250 1.9 - 5.3

 Water, Untreated 245 1.9 - 5.3

Butylate H

 Water, Finished 253 1.8 - 10 400,000

 Water, Untreated 250 1.8 - 10

Carbaryl I

 Water, Finished 369 12 - 23

 Water, Untreated 362 1 0.3 38 ^ 12 - 23

Carbendazim (MBC) F

 Water, Finished 116 1 0.9 3.0 ^ 1.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 112 7 6.2 3.0 ^ 1.8 ^

Carbofuran I

 Water, Finished 369 3 0.8 1.0 - 2.0 0.60 - 16 40,000

 Water, Untreated 362 5 1.4 1.0 - 120 0.60 - 16

Carbophenothion I

 Water, Finished 219 5.3 - 11

 Water, Untreated 215 5.3 - 11

Chloramben H

 Water, Finished 111 60 ^ 100,000

 Water, Untreated 108 60 ^

Chlordane cis I

 Water, Finished 233 2.3 - 5.0 2,000 4

 Water, Untreated 231 2.3 - 5.0 2,400

Chlordane trans I

 Water, Finished 233 2.3 - 5.0 2,000 4

 Water, Untreated 231 2.3 - 5.0 2,400

Chlorfenvinphos total I

 Water, Finished 369 7.5 - 24

 Water, Untreated 364 7.5 - 24

Chlorimuron ethyl H

 Water, Finished 238 8.4 - 13

 Water, Untreated 233 10 4.3 14 - 32 8.4 - 13

Chlorothalonil F

 Water, Finished 118 50 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 50 ^

Chlorpyrifos I

 Water, Finished 234 6.0 - 11 2,000

 Water, Untreated 232 6.0 - 11 83

Chlorpyrifos methyl I

 Water, Finished 234 11.3 - 14

 Water, Untreated 232 11.3 - 14

Chlorpyrifos oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 119 510 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 510 ^

Appendix H. Page 3 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Clopyralid H

 Water, Finished 369 45 12.2 5.7 - 684 3.4 - 151

 Water, Untreated 362 40 11 5.7 - 190 3.4 - 151

Coumaphos I

 Water, Finished 234 12 - 61

 Water, Untreated 232 12 - 61

Cyanazine H

 Water, Finished 368 1.7 - 25 1,000

 Water, Untreated 363 1.7 - 25

Cycloate H

 Water, Finished 223 3.3 - 6.0

 Water, Untreated 218 3.3 - 6.0

Cyfluthrin I

 Water, Finished 253 40 - 75

 Water, Untreated 250 40 - 75

Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L 

+ R157836 epimer) I

 Water, Finished 253 21 - 75

 Water, Untreated 250 21 - 75

Cypermethrin I

 Water, Finished 253 74 - 90

 Water, Untreated 250 74 - 90

Cyphenothrin I

 Water, Finished 253 14 - 75

 Water, Untreated 250 14 - 75

Cyproconazole F

 Water, Finished 135 3.1 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 3.1 ^

DCPA H

 Water, Finished 233 2 0.9 1.3 ^ 0.80 - 2.5 70,000

 Water, Untreated 231 0.75 - 2.5

DCPA monoacid H

 Water, Finished 116 222 ^

 Water, Untreated 112 222 ^

DDD o,p' IM

 Water, Finished 115 3.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 3.8 ^

DDD p,p' IM

 Water, Finished 115 3.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 3.8 ^

DDE o,p' IM

 Water, Finished 118 4.0 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 4.0 ^

Appendix H. Page 4 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

DDE p,p' IM

 Water, Finished 232 2.5 - 7.5

 Water, Untreated 231 2.5 - 7.5

DDT o,p' I

 Water, Finished 115 3.7 - 3.8

 Water, Untreated 113 3.7 - 3.8

DDT p,p' I

 Water, Finished 110 3.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 112 3.8 ^

Deltamethrin (includes parent 

Tralomethrin) I

 Water, Finished 135 84 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 84 ^

Desethyl Atrazine HM

 Water, Finished 368 186 50.5 0.72 - 345.4 0.43 - 25

 Water, Untreated 363 188 51.8 0.72 - 243 0.43 - 25

Desisopropyl atrazine HM

 Water, Finished 368 121 32.9 5.2 - 142 3.1 - 50

 Water, Untreated 363 120 33.1 5.2 - 551 3.1 - 50

Diazinon I

 Water, Finished 369 3.3 - 7.5 1,000

 Water, Untreated 364 1 0.3 16.4 ^ 3.3 - 7.5 170

Diazinon oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 234 9.0 - 49

 Water, Untreated 232 9.0 - 49

Dicamba H

 Water, Finished 253 2 0.8 25 - 68 15 - 270 400,000

 Water, Untreated 250 2 0.8 25 - 110 15 - 270

Dichlobenil H

 Water, Finished 233 6.5 - 45

 Water, Untreated 231 6.5 - 45

Dichlorprop H

 Water, Finished 251 1.7 - 1.8

 Water, Untreated 244 1.7 - 1.8

Dichlorvos (DDVP) I

 Water, Finished 233 1 0.4 27 ^ 11.3 - 16

 Water, Untreated 230 2 0.9 27 - 59.5 11.3 - 16

Dicloran F

 Water, Finished 115 7.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 7.5 ^

Dicofol p,p' I

 Water, Finished 233 5.0 - 11.3

 Water, Untreated 231 5.0 - 11.3

Appendix H. Page 5 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Dicrotophos I

 Water, Finished 119 132 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 132 ^

Dieldrin I

 Water, Finished 233 15 - 25

 Water, Untreated 231 15 - 25 240

Difenoconazole F

 Water, Finished 135 12 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 12 ^

Dimethenamid H

 Water, Finished 230 14 6.1 1.0 - 3.4 0.60 - 45

 Water, Untreated 226 18 8 1.0 - 58 0.60 - 45

Dimethenamid ESA HM

 Water, Finished 119 45 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 45 ^

Dimethenamid oxanilic acid (OA) HM

 Water, Finished 254 11 4.3 1.0 - 2.5 0.63 - 45

 Water, Untreated 251 38 15.1 1.0 - 41 0.63 - 45

Dimethenamid/Dimethenamid P H

 Water, Finished 135 3 2.2 4.2 - 12 2.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 23 17.4 4.2 - 220 2.5 ^

Dimethoate I

 Water, Finished 368 5.3 - 52

 Water, Untreated 364 5.3 - 52

Dinoseb H

 Water, Finished 251 0.60 - 0.78 7,000 7,000

 Water, Untreated 244 0.60 - 0.78

Diphenamid H

 Water, Finished 115 24 ^ 200,000

 Water, Untreated 113 24 ^

Disulfoton I

 Water, Finished 325 6.0 - 8.8 700

 Water, Untreated 320 6.0 - 8.8

Disulfoton sulfone IM

 Water, Finished 250 4.1 - 12.5

 Water, Untreated 245 1 0.4 6.8 ^ 4.1 - 12.5

Diuron H

 Water, Finished 251 19 7.6 5.8 - 106 3.5 - 9.6

 Water, Untreated 244 44 18 5.8 - 80 3.5 - 9.6

Endosulfan I I

 Water, Finished 233 22.5 - 50

 Water, Untreated 231 22.5 - 50 220

Appendix H. Page 6 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Endosulfan II IM

 Water, Finished 228 18.8 - 50

 Water, Untreated 226 18.8 - 50 220

Endosulfan sulfate IM

 Water, Finished 115 30 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 30 ^

Endrin I

 Water, Finished 233 22 - 52.5 2,000 2,000

 Water, Untreated 231 22 - 52.5 86

Epoxiconazole F

 Water, Finished 135 13 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 13 ^

EPTC H

 Water, Finished 368 2.5 - 61.9

 Water, Untreated 363 2.5 - 61.9

Esfenvalerate I

 Water, Finished 118 50 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 50 ^

Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total I

 Water, Finished 135 19 - 38

 Water, Untreated 132 19 - 38

Ethalfluralin H

 Water, Finished 233 60 - 100

 Water, Untreated 231 60 - 100

Ethion I

 Water, Finished 369 2.3 - 25

 Water, Untreated 364 2.3 - 25

Ethion di oxon IM

 Water, Finished 119 35 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 35 ^

Ethion mono oxon IM

 Water, Finished 234 3.8 - 51

 Water, Untreated 232 3.8 - 51

Ethoprop I

 Water, Finished 369 4.5 - 6.0

 Water, Untreated 364 4.5 - 6.0

Fenamiphos I

 Water, Finished 234 7.5 - 26 700

 Water, Untreated 232 7.5 - 26

Fenamiphos sulfone IM

 Water, Finished 119 193 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 193 ^

Fenarimol F

 Water, Finished 115 37.5 - 250

 Water, Untreated 113 37.5 - 250

Appendix H. Page 7 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Fenbuconazole F

 Water, Finished 251 3.0 - 4.8

 Water, Untreated 244 3.0 - 4.8

Fenitrothion I

 Water, Finished 369 6.0 - 52

 Water, Untreated 364 6.0 - 52

Fenpropathrin I

 Water, Finished 250 14 - 60

 Water, Untreated 245 14 - 60

Fenthion I

 Water, Finished 369 6.0 - 22

 Water, Untreated 364 6.0 - 22

Fenthion-O analog IM

 Water, Finished 234 7.5 - 99

 Water, Untreated 232 7.5 - 99

Fenuron H

 Water, Finished 234 15 - 27

 Water, Untreated 230 15 - 27

Fipronil I

 Water, Finished 116 12 ^

 Water, Untreated 112 12 ^

Fludioxonil F

 Water, Finished 115 37.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 37.5 ^

Flufenacet H

 Water, Finished 119 1 0.8 75 ^ 45 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 45 ^

Flufenacet ESA HM

 Water, Finished 119 45 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 45 ^

Flufenacet OA HM

 Water, Finished 135 0.75 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 0.75 ^

Flumetsulam H

 Water, Finished 368 6.0 - 128

 Water, Untreated 362 6.0 - 128

Fluometuron H

 Water, Finished 251 15 6 2.0 - 42 1.2 - 4.2 90,000

 Water, Untreated 244 19 7.8 2.0 - 28 1.2 - 4.2

Fluvalinate I

 Water, Finished 135 130 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 130 ^

Fonofos I

 Water, Finished 115 7.5 ^ 10,000

 Water, Untreated 113 7.5 ^

Appendix H. Page 8 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Halosulfuron methyl H

 Water, Finished 129 3.3 ^

 Water, Untreated 127 3.3 ^

Heptachlor I

 Water, Finished 118 50 ^ 400

 Water, Untreated 118 50 ^ 520

Heptachlor epoxide IM

 Water, Finished 233 15 - 25 200

 Water, Untreated 231 15 - 25 520

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) FM

 Water, Finished 118 10 ^ 1,000

 Water, Untreated 118 10 ^

Hexaconazole F

 Water, Finished 135 20 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 20 ^

Hydroxy Atrazine HM

 Water, Finished 135 97 71.9 2.0 - 83 1.2 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 94 71.2 2.0 - 160 1.2 ^

3-Hydroxycarbofuran IM

 Water, Finished 234 24 - 45

 Water, Untreated 230 24 - 45

Imazamethabenz acid H

 Water, Finished 135 4 3 1.0 ^ 0.60 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 3 2.3 1.0 ^ 0.60 ^

Imazamethabenz methyl H

 Water, Finished 369 0.31 - 4.1

 Water, Untreated 362 3 0.8 0.52 - 1.0 0.31 - 4.1

Imazamox H

 Water, Finished 251 2.4 - 3.1

 Water, Untreated 244 2.4 - 3.1

Imazapic H

 Water, Finished 251 12 4.8 1.5 - 13 0.90 - 2.4

 Water, Untreated 244 9 3.7 1.5 - 18 0.90 - 2.4

Imazapyr H

 Water, Finished 251 80 31.9 1.5 - 17 0.90 - 1.0

 Water, Untreated 244 80 32.8 1.5 - 34 0.90 - 1.0

Imazaquin H

 Water, Finished 357 1.1 - 9.0

 Water, Untreated 351 1.1 - 9.0

Imazethapyr H

 Water, Finished 369 5 1.4 2.0 - 4.0 1.0 - 7.4

 Water, Untreated 362 16 4.4 2.0 - 70 1.0 - 7.4

Imidacloprid I

 Water, Finished 368 11 3 2.5 ^ 1.5 - 42

 Water, Untreated 362 13 3.6 2.5 ^ 1.5 - 42

Appendix H. Page 9 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Isofenphos I

 Water, Finished 169 4.5 - 9.5

 Water, Untreated 166 4.5 - 9.5

Isofenphos oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 119 52 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 52 ^

Lindane (BHC gamma) I

 Water, Finished 368 10 - 20 200

 Water, Untreated 363 10 - 20 950

Linuron H

 Water, Finished 369 1 0.3 315 ^ 3.0 - 189

 Water, Untreated 362 3.0 - 189

Malathion I

 Water, Finished 369 6.0 - 21 100,000

 Water, Untreated 364 6.0 - 21

Malathion oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 115 6.0 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 6.0 ^

MCPA H

 Water, Finished 369 26 7 1.3 - 240 0.78 - 91 30,000

 Water, Untreated 362 55 15.2 1.3 - 800 0.78 - 91

MCPB H

 Water, Finished 369 6.6 - 228

 Water, Untreated 362 6.6 - 228

Mecoprop (MCPP) H

 Water, Finished 118 52 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 52 ^

Metalaxyl F

 Water, Finished 368 3.0 - 25

 Water, Untreated 363 3.0 - 25

Methidathion I

 Water, Finished 234 5.3 - 31

 Water, Untreated 232 5.3 - 31

Methidathion oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 115 22.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 22.5 ^

Methiocarb I

 Water, Finished 234 15 ^

 Water, Untreated 230 15 ^

Methomyl I

 Water, Finished 368 3.6 - 75 200,000

 Water, Untreated 362 3.6 - 75

Methoxychlor olefin IM

 Water, Finished 115 3.8 ^ 40,000 40,000

 Water, Untreated 113 3.8 ^

Appendix H. Page 10 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Methoxychlor Total I

 Water, Finished 233 7.5 - 40 40,000 40,000

 Water, Untreated 231 7.5 - 40

Metolachlor H

 Water, Finished 369 85 23 2.5 - 1056 1.5 - 45 700,000

 Water, Untreated 364 102 28 2.5 - 2000 1.5 - 45

Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid 

(ESA) HM

 Water, Finished 370 224 60.5 0.60 - 1860 0.36 - 45

 Water, Untreated 363 236 65 0.60 - 1470 0.36 - 45

Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) HM

 Water, Finished 370 131 35.4 5.3 - 1730 3.2 - 45

 Water, Untreated 363 141 38.8 5.3 - 1130 3.2 - 45

Metribuzin H

 Water, Finished 233 35 - 45 70,000

 Water, Untreated 231 35 - 45

Metsulfuron methyl H

 Water, Finished 232 1.5 - 8.4

 Water, Untreated 227 1.5 - 8.4

Mevinphos Total I

 Water, Finished 234 6.0 - 15

 Water, Untreated 232 6.0 - 15

Molinate H

 Water, Finished 233 9.8 - 12

 Water, Untreated 231 9.8 - 12

Monuron H

 Water, Finished 234 6.0 - 53

 Water, Untreated 230 1 0.4 185 ^ 6.0 - 53

Myclobutanil F

 Water, Finished 368 6.1 - 50

 Water, Untreated 362 3 0.8 83 ^ 6.1 - 50

Napropamide H

 Water, Finished 233 24 - 25

 Water, Untreated 231 24 - 25

Neburon H

 Water, Finished 369 1.2 - 75

 Water, Untreated 362 1.2 - 75

Nicosulfuron H

 Water, Finished 159 1.7 - 4.8

 Water, Untreated 162 10 6.2 2.8 - 28 1.7 - 4.8

Norflurazon H

 Water, Finished 233 1 0.4 31.3 ^ 18.8 - 31

 Water, Untreated 231 1 0.4 31.3 ^ 18.8 - 31

Appendix H. Page 11 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Norflurazon desmethyl HM

 Water, Finished 233 37.5 - 72

 Water, Untreated 231 37.5 - 72

Omethoate IM

 Water, Finished 135 0.30 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 0.30 ^

Oxadiazon H

 Water, Finished 228 15 ^

 Water, Untreated 227 15 ^

Oxadixyl F

 Water, Finished 110 48.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 108 48.8 ^

Oxamyl I

 Water, Finished 191 15 - 20 200,000

 Water, Untreated 189 15 - 20

Oxychlordane IM

 Water, Finished 115 7.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 7.5 ^

Oxydemeton methyl I

 Water, Finished 119 255 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 255 ^

Oxyfluorfen H

 Water, Finished 228 11.3 - 75

 Water, Untreated 226 11.3 - 75

Parathion ethyl I

 Water, Finished 250 7.5 - 15

 Water, Untreated 245 7.5 - 15

Parathion methyl I

 Water, Finished 250 4.5 - 53

 Water, Untreated 245 4.5 - 53

Parathion methyl oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 250 9.8 - 11

 Water, Untreated 245 9.8 - 11

Parathion oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 234 7.5 - 104

 Water, Untreated 232 7.5 - 104

Pebulate H

 Water, Finished 233 2.3 - 25

 Water, Untreated 231 2.3 - 25

Pendimethalin H

 Water, Finished 233 1 0.4 7.5 ^ 4.5 - 25

 Water, Untreated 231 4.5 - 25

Permethrin cis IM

 Water, Finished 253 4.5 - 9.0

 Water, Untreated 250 4.5 - 9.0

Appendix H. Page 12 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Permethrin trans IM

 Water, Finished 135 7.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 7.5 ^

Phenothrin I

 Water, Finished 135 27 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 27 ^

Phenthoate I

 Water, Finished 115 15 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 15 ^

Phorate I

 Water, Finished 369 5.2 - 12

 Water, Untreated 364 5.2 - 12

Phorate oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 234 5.3 - 10

 Water, Untreated 232 5.3 - 10

Phorate sulfone IM

 Water, Finished 234 6.0 - 16

 Water, Untreated 232 6.0 - 16

Phorate sulfoxide IM

 Water, Finished 234 37.5 - 199

 Water, Untreated 232 37.5 - 199

Phosalone I

 Water, Finished 234 4.5 - 52

 Water, Untreated 232 4.5 - 52

Phosalone oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 119 631 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 631 ^

Phosmet I

 Water, Finished 119 227 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 227 ^

Phosphamidon I

 Water, Finished 169 12 - 297

 Water, Untreated 166 12 - 297

Picloram H

 Water, Finished 369 2 0.5 50 ^ 22 - 447 500,000

 Water, Untreated 362 3 0.8 50 ^ 22 - 447

Piperonyl butoxide I

 Water, Finished 115 18.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 18.8 ^

Pirimicarb I

 Water, Finished 115 37.5 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 37.5 ^

Pirimiphos methyl I

 Water, Finished 234 5.3 - 8.8

 Water, Untreated 232 5.3 - 8.8

Appendix H. Page 13 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Prallethrin I

 Water, Finished 253 25 ^

 Water, Untreated 250 25 ^

Profenofos I

 Water, Finished 234 12 - 30

 Water, Untreated 232 12 - 30

Prometon H

 Water, Finished 368 171 46.5 0.28 - 28 0.17 - 50 100,000

 Water, Untreated 363 175 48.2 0.28 - 23 0.17 - 50

Prometryn H

 Water, Finished 368 1 0.3 0.28 ^ 0.17 - 24

 Water, Untreated 363 2 0.6 0.28 - 0.76 0.17 - 24

Pronamide H

 Water, Finished 233 5.0 - 22.5

 Water, Untreated 231 5.0 - 22.5

Propachlor H

 Water, Finished 250 0.64 - 5.3

 Water, Untreated 245 0.64 - 5.3

Propachlor OA HM

 Water, Finished 135 1.4 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 1.4 ^

Propanil H

 Water, Finished 284 6.7 - 25

 Water, Untreated 279 6.7 - 25

Propargite I

 Water, Finished 228 60 - 90

 Water, Untreated 226 60 - 90

Propazine H

 Water, Finished 250 1 0.4 7.5 ^ 3.3 - 4.5

 Water, Untreated 245 7 2.9 5.5 - 12 3.3 - 4.5

Propetamphos I

 Water, Finished 115 6.0 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 6.0 ^

Propham H

 Water, Finished 112 18 ^ 100,000

 Water, Untreated 108 18 ^

Propiconazole F

 Water, Finished 369 6.0 - 55

 Water, Untreated 362 1 0.3 10.5 ^ 6.0 - 55

Propoxur I

 Water, Finished 115 24.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 24.8 ^

Quintozene (PCNB) F

 Water, Finished 115 11.3 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 11.3 ^

Appendix H. Page 14 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Resmethrin I

 Water, Finished 253 7.8 - 50

 Water, Untreated 250 7.8 - 50

Siduron H

 Water, Finished 251 2.1 - 2.4

 Water, Untreated 244 2.1 - 2.4

Simazine H

 Water, Finished 368 123 33.4 1.2 - 240 0.71 - 15 4,000

 Water, Untreated 363 146 40.2 1.2 - 802 0.71 - 15

Sulfometuron methyl H

 Water, Finished 337 3 0.9 25 ^ 1.9 - 15

 Water, Untreated 333 8 2.4 3.2 - 25 1.9 - 15

Sulfotep I

 Water, Finished 234 2.4 - 4.5

 Water, Untreated 232 2.4 - 4.5

Sulprofos I

 Water, Finished 234 6.0 - 11

 Water, Untreated 232 6.0 - 11

Sulprofos oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 119 37 ^

 Water, Untreated 119 37 ^

Tebuconazole F

 Water, Finished 365 4.8 - 60

 Water, Untreated 359 4.8 - 60

Tebupirimfos I

 Water, Finished 159 7.5 - 12

 Water, Untreated 157 7.5 - 12

Tebupirimfos oxygen analog IM

 Water, Finished 234 9.0 - 13

 Water, Untreated 232 9.0 - 13

Tebuthiuron H

 Water, Finished 369 158 42.8 0.35 - 55 0.21 - 10 500,000

 Water, Untreated 362 171 47.2 0.35 - 220 0.21 - 10

Tecnazene P

 Water, Finished 115 18.8 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 18.8 ^

Tefluthrin I

 Water, Finished 253 2.1 - 5.0

 Water, Untreated 250 2.1 - 5.0

Terbacil H

 Water, Finished 250 1.6 - 22.5 90,000

 Water, Untreated 245 1.6 - 22.5

Terbufos I

 Water, Finished 254 5.2 - 6.3 400

 Water, Untreated 251 5.2 - 6.3

Appendix H. Page 15 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Terbufos sulfone IM

 Water, Finished 234 4.5 - 7.7

 Water, Untreated 232 4.5 - 7.7

Terbufos-O analog IM

 Water, Finished 115 6.0 ^

 Water, Untreated 113 6.0 ^

Tetrachlorvinphos I

 Water, Finished 369 6.0 - 63

 Water, Untreated 364 6.0 - 63

Tetraconazole F

 Water, Finished 251 5 2 6.2 ^ 1.8 - 3.7

 Water, Untreated 244 7 2.9 6.2 - 13 1.8 - 3.7

Tetradifon I

 Water, Finished 281 7.2 - 75

 Water, Untreated 276 7.2 - 75

Tetramethrin I

 Water, Finished 253 28 - 75

 Water, Untreated 250 28 - 75

Thifensulfuron H

 Water, Finished 129 8.9 ^

 Water, Untreated 127 8.9 ^

Thiobencarb H

 Water, Finished 251 7.7 - 18

 Water, Untreated 244 7.7 - 18

Tolclofos methyl F

 Water, Finished 118 8.0 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 8.0 ^

Tralomethrin I

 Water, Finished 118 300 ^

 Water, Untreated 118 300 ^

Tri Allate H

 Water, Finished 368 10.5 - 24.8

 Water, Untreated 363 10.5 - 24.8

Triadimefon F

 Water, Finished 369 3.4 - 50

 Water, Untreated 362 3.4 - 50

Triadimenol F

 Water, Finished 135 39 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 39 ^

Triasulfuron H

 Water, Finished 123 3.1 ^

 Water, Untreated 121 3.1 ^

Triazole acetic acid (TAA) FM

 Water, Finished 97 30 ^

 Water, Untreated 85 30 ^

Appendix H. Page 16 of 17
Pesticide / Commodity

Pest. 

Type

Number 

of 

Samples

Samples 

with 

Detects

% of 

Samples 

with 

Detects

Range of 

Values 

Detected, ppt

Range of 

LODs, ppt

EPA MCL, 

ppt 1

EPA HA2, 

ppt 1

EPA 

FAO3

, 

ppt 1

Triazole alanine (TA) FM

 Water, Finished 128 13 ^

 Water, Untreated 123 13 ^

Triclopyr H

 Water, Finished 369 69 18.7 2.7 - 566 1.6 - 43

 Water, Untreated 362 71 19.6 2.7 - 847 1.6 - 43

Trifluralin H

 Water, Finished 233 1 0.4 2.5 ^ 1.5 - 75 10,000

 Water, Untreated 231 1.5 - 75

Triticonazole F

 Water, Finished 135 28 ^

 Water, Untreated 132 28 ^

Vinclozolin F

 Water, Finished 161 6.0 - 35

 Water, Untreated 159 6.0 - 35

NOTES

1

 = EPA MCL, HA, and FAO values have been multiplied by a factor of 1,000,000 as a basis for comparison using a single scale.

 There is no intention to imply any more exactness in the value than that originally expressed by EPA.

2 = EPA Health Advisory values shown are for lifetime exposure.

3

 = The FAO value applies to ambient water rather than drinking water.

4

 = The MCL for chlordane is inclusive of the isomers.

^

 = Only one distinct detected concentration or LOD value was reported for the pair.

Pesticide Types:

F = Fungicide, FM = Fungicide Metabolite

H = Herbicide, HM = Herbicide Metabolite

I = Insecticide, IM = Insecticide Metabolite

P = Plant Growth Regulator

Appendix H. Page 17 of 17
Appendix I

Sample Origin by State or Country 

(Determined by Grower, Packer, or Distributor)

Appendix I gives the number of fruit and vegetable, almond, heavy cream, 

and honey samples per State or country of origin and the number of samples of 

unknown origin. Where available, the origin of fresh commodities is taken from 

the grower or packer information. For processed commodities, origin is 

determined primarily by packer or distributor. 

As shown in Appendix I, fruit and vegetable, almond, heavy cream, and 

honey samples originated from 39 States, the District of Columbia, and 26 

foreign countries. There were 519 domestic and 28 imported samples from 

unknown States and countries, respectively. There were an additional 139 

samples from unknown origins. Corn grain samples were all of domestic origin. 

Overall, for all samples except groundwater and drinking water, 75 percent were 

from U.S. sources, 23 percent were imports, 1 percent were of mixed origin, and 

approximately 1 percent were of unknown origin. 
Part 1. Domestic Samples

Nuts Dairy Honey # of % of

States = 39 BB BN BR CE CH CR GB GK GL NE PC SS TO AJ BZ PZ RA AL CM HY Samples Total

Alabama 1 1 <0.1

Arizona 1 26 2 8 9 8 1 2 1 58 0.5

Arkansas 1 2 8 1 15 19 46 10 102 0.9

California 68 573 566 156 468 112 165 94 301 260 88 112 42 4 62 244 172 129 27 3643 33.0

Colorado 10 12 1 13 1 2 6 1 1 33 1 81 0.7

Connecticut 1 1 2 <0.1

Delaware 1 1 <0.1

Florida 94 18 70 1 9 166 12 10 2 110 202 12 52 9 6 35 16 824 7.5

Georgia 7 26 30 22 53 10 42 3 1 194 1.8

Idaho 2 3 5 1 40 10 2 33 3 99 0.9

Illinois 1 3 1 2 9 1 55 10 23 20 5 130 1.2

Indiana 3 1 2 2 2 10 0.1

Iowa 12 12 0.1

Kansas 4 4 <0.1

Maine 11 1 4 4 8 28 0.3

Maryland 6 3 1 4 17 4 11 1 1 3 6 1 1 16 2 4 37 4 122 1.1

Massachusetts 1 1 1 5 8 16 0.1

Michigan 47 5 27 2 31 9 2 2 1 6 14 16 35 5 17 9 17 61 7 313 2.8

Minnesota 7 6 6 2 2 2 3 2 1 7 1 2 8 1 50 0.5

Mississippi 1 1 <0.1

Nebraska 2 2 <0.1

New Hampshire 2 2 <0.1

New Jersey 32 1 3 14 11 1 15 19 6 5 3 1 8 29 148 1.3

New York 8 1 4 2 20 4 5 3 14 10 31 20 10 12 32 1 177 1.6

North Carolina 6 2 1 3 3 6 4 5 30 0.3

North Dakota 2 2 <0.1

Ohio 2 5 11 46 11 24 6 14 13 13 15 9 22 70 13 274 2.5

Oklahoma 2 2 <0.1

Oregon 34 18 1 4 2 1 1 10 8 1 80 0.7

Pennsylvania 12 1 1 3 2 129 5 8 12 3 176 1.6

South Carolina 9 15 9 1 11 45 0.4

Tennessee 8 1 9 0.1

Texas 18 29 24 4 20 28 36 32 5 5 36 20 5 2 38 20 42 85 9 458 4.2

Utah 2 2 <0.1

Vermont 7 7 0.1

Virginia 10 14 3 27 0.2

Washington 1 4 1 203 2 5 7 1 23 19 9 2 44 26 8 44 1 400 3.6

Washington D.C. 2 2 <0.1

West Virginia 2 2 <0.1

Wisconsin 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 4 19 3 40 0.4

Unknown State 9 21 10 14 7 105 39 45 10 13 91 28 7 3 70 5 15 24 3 519 4.7

No. of Domestics 317 0 689 710 408 632 590 336 337 347 361 463 480 231 18 588 367 351 742 128 8,095

% of Total 45 0 94 96 97 85 80 87 95 62 65 62 65 63 82 74 99 97 100 69 73.4

Number and Percentage computed with 660 Corn Grain samples of domestic origin added: 8,755 74.9

APPENDIX I. SAMPLE ORIGIN BY STATE OR COUNTRY 1 

(Determined by Grower, Packer, or Distributor)

Fresh F&V Processed F&V

Appendix I. Page 1 of 3
Part 2. Imported Samples

Nuts Dairy Honey # of % of

Countries = 18 BB BN BR CE CH CR GB GK GL NE PC SS TO AJ BZ PZ RA AL CM HY Samples Total

Argentina 100 3 2 105 1

Canada 57 9 6 10 81 3 4 4 43 2 191 6 416 3.8

Chile 228 212 188 2 2 1 633 5.7

China 61 61 0.6

Colombia 54 54 0.5

Costa Rica 173 173 1.6

Dominican Republic 1 1 <0.1

Ecuador 204 204 1.9

Germany 2 2 <0.1

Guatemala 176 3 179 1.6

Honduras 92 1 93 0.8

Mexico 3 15 33 18 30 103 39 1 2 254 199 4 701 6.4

Netherlands 13 4 <0.1

New Zealand 5 1 6 0.1

Nicaragua 1 1 <0.1

Panama 2 2 <0.1

South Africa 1 1 <0.1

Turkey 5 5 <0.1

Unknown Country 1 27 28 0.3

No. of Imports 394 744 42 24 10 111 109 43 1 212 190 259 244 78 4 194 4 0 0 6 2,669

% of Total 55 100 6 3 2 15 15 11 <1 38 34 35 33 21 18 24 1 0 0 3 24.2

Percentage computed with 660 Corn Grain samples of domestic origin added: 22.8

Nuts Dairy Honey # of % of

AJ BZ PZ RA AL CM HY Samples Total

Argentina / Australia / Canada / USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina / Austria / Brazil / Chile / China / Germany 2 2 <0.1

Argentina / Austria / Chile / China / Germany / Turkey / USA 3 3 <0.1

Argentina / Brazil / Canada / India 1 1 <0.1

Argentina / Brazil / India / USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina / Canada 2 2 <0.1

Argentina / Canada / India / USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina / Canada / India / Vietnam / USA 2 2 <0.1

Argentina / Canada / USA 35 35 0.3

Argentina / Chile 1 1 <0.1

Argentina / Chile / China 2 2 <0.1

Argentina / Chile / China / Poland / USA 2 2 <0.1

Argentina / Chile / China / USA 1 1 <0.1

Argentina / China 9 9 0.1

Argentina / China / Germany / Italy 4 4 <0.1

Argentina / China / USA 12 12 0.1

Argentina / New Zealand / Turkey 2 2 <0.1

Argentina / USA 1 1 <0.1

Brazil / Canada / USA 1 1 <0.1

Canada / USA 4 4 <0.1

Chile / Germany 1 1 <0.1

China / New Zealand 2 2 <0.1

China / Poland / Turkey 1 1 <0.1

China / USA 13 1 14 0.1

Mexico / Uruguay / USA 1 1 <0.1

New Zealand / Turkey 2 2 <0.1

New Zealand / Turkey / USA 1 1 <0.1

New Zealand / USA 1 1 <0.1

Poland / Turkey 1 1 <0.1

Spain / USA 9 9 0.1

No. of Mixed National Origin Samples 59 9 52 120

% of Total 16 2 28 1.1

Part 3. Mixed National Origin Samples

Processed F&V

Processed F&V

Fresh F&V

Appendix I. Page 2 of 3
Part 4. Unknown Origin Samples

Nuts Dairy Honey # of % of

BB BN BR CE CH CR GB GK GL NE PC SS TO AJ BZ PZ RA AL CM HY Samples Total

Unknown Origin 5 5 1 1 40 7 15 4 4 20 17 18 1 1 139

% of Total 1 1 <1 <1 5 2 4 1 1 3 2 2 <1 <1 1.3

Sample TOTALS 711 744 736 739 419 744 739 386 353 563 555 742 741 368 22 800 372 361 742 186 11,023

Grand Total computed with with 660 Corn Grain samples added: 11,683

NOTE

1

 Excludes corn grain, groundwater, and untreated/finished drinking water samples.

Commodity Legend

AJ = Apple Juice CH = Cherries NE=Nectarines

AL = Almonds CM = Heavy Cream PC = Peaches

BB = Blueberries, Fresh CR = Carrots PZ = Potatoes, Frozen

BN = Bananas GB = Green Beans RA = Raisins

BR = Broccoli GK = Greens, Kale SS = Summer Squash

BZ = Blueberries, Frozen GL = Greens, Collard TO = Tomatoes

CE = Celery HY = Honey

Fresh F&V Processed F&V

Appendix I. Page 3 of 3
Appendix J 

Import vs. Domestic Pesticide Residue Comparisons 

 

PDP is designed to provide a comprehensive statistical picture of pesticide 

residues in the U.S. food supply, representing all sources, including imports. Most 

commodities consumed are generally produced in the United States with import 

components that vary by commodity. However, several commodities tested over 

the past several years were cyclical; that is, part of the year the commodity was 

produced domestically and part of the year it was imported. 

Appendix J compares residue data reported for samples originating in the 

United States with those of the same commodity from major exporting countries. 

Residue data for domestic blueberries are compared with data for samples 

originating in Argentina and Chile for 2007. Residue data for peaches from the 

United States are compared with data for samples originating in Chile for 2007. 

Residue data for tomatoes from the United States are compared with data for 

samples originating in Mexico for 2007. Only residues detected in more than 10 

percent of all samples are included in each comparison. All pesticides detected 

were registered in the United States. However, the profiles of residue findings 

were markedly different in the United States samples versus samples from these 

exporting countries. The differences in residue detections between countries were 

likely due to the pesticides used in response to pest pressures based on differing 

environmental, climatic, and growing conditions. 
Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

Boscalid United States 317 164 51.7

Argentina 100 22 22.0

Chile 228 6 2.6

Captan United States 85 18 21.2

Argentina 30 4 13.3

Chile 69 15 21.7

Carbendazim (MBC) United States 232 44 19.0

Argentina 70 38 54.3

Chile 159 55 34.6

Cyprodinil United States 85 18 21.2

Argentina 30 6 20.0

Chile 69 0 0

Fludioxonil United States 317 28 8.8

Argentina 100 14 14.0

Chile 228 1 0.4

Imidacloprid United States 317 53 16.7

Argentina 100 15 15.0

Chile 228 3 1.3

Iprodione United States 317 13 4.1

Argentina 100 54 54.0

Chile 228 65 28.5

Pyraclostrobin United States 317 159 50.2

Argentina 100 21 21.0

Chile 228 3 1.3

Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) United States 317 80 25.2

Argentina 100 6 6.0

Chile 228 38 16.7

NOTE: The Limits of Detection (LODs) for pesticide detections in blueberries are listed in Appendix B.

Appendix J. Import vs. Domestic Pesticide Residue Comparisons

2007 Distribution of Residues for Blueberry Samples

Originating in Argentina and Chile vs. United States

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at least 10 Percent of all Samples)

Appendix J. Page 1 of 3
Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

Azinphos methyl United States 361 9 2.5

Chile 188 163 86.7

Boscalid United States 361 85 23.5

Chile 188 0 0

Carbaryl United States 361 48 13.3

Chile 188 39 20.7

Chlorpyrifos United States 361 13 3.6

Chile 188 87 46.3

Cyhalothrin, Lambda United States 361 14 3.9

Chile 188 86 45.7

Fludioxonil United States 361 243 67.3

Chile 188 0 0

Iprodione United States 361 6 1.7

Chile 188 185 98.4

Methoxyfenozide United States 361 106 29.4

Chile 188 6 3.2

1-Naphthol United States 338 38 11.2

Chile 188 18 9.6

Phosmet United States 361 200 55.4

Chile 188 1 0.5

Propiconazole United States 361 59 16.3

Chile 188 1 0.5

Spinosad United States 97 7 7.2

Chile 53 19 35.8

NOTE: The Limits of Detection (LODs) for pesticide detections in peaches are listed in Appendix B.

2007 Distribution of Residues for Peach Samples

Originating in Chile vs. United States

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at least 10 Percent of all Samples)

Appendix J. Page 2 of 3
Pesticide Origin

# of Samples 

Analyzed

# of Samples 

w/ Detections

% of Samples 

w/ Detections

Azoxystrobin United States 480 34 7.1

Mexico 199 38 19.1

Chlorothalonil United States 480 92 19.2

Mexico 199 19 9.5

Endosulfan I United States 480 46 9.6

Mexico 199 32 16.1

Endosulfan II United States 480 84 17.5

Mexico 199 44 22.1

Endosulfan sulfate United States 480 86 17.9

Mexico 199 35 17.6

NOTE: The Limits of Detection (LODs) for pesticide detections in tomatoes are listed in Appendix B.

2007 Distribution of Residues for Tomato Samples

Originating in Mexico vs. United States

(Only Pesticides with Residue Detections in at least 10 Percent of all Samples)

Appendix J. Page 3 of 3
Appendix K 

National Estimates for 

Concentration Percentiles vs. Tolerance

(Pairs With Residue Detections in at Least 10 Percent of Samples)

Appendix K shows 96 pesticide/commodity pairs (including metabolites, 

isomers, and degradates) with detections in at least 10 percent of the samples 

tested. Concentrations detected are arranged in percentiles. The 90th percentile 

is compared to the Environmental Protection Agency tolerance established for 

each pesticide/commodity pair. 

The meaning of a percentile can be most easily explained through an 

example. For the bananas/thiabendazole pair, the 50th percentile, or median, is 

estimated to be 0.012 ppm. This means that PDP estimates that at least 50 

percent of bananas available to U.S. consumers had thiabendazole residues of 

0.012 ppm or less, while at least 50 percent had residues of 0.012 ppm or more. 

Similarly, the 75th percentile (or the upper quartile) for this pair is estimated to be 

0.030 ppm, which means that at least 75 percent of bananas had thiabendazole 

residues of 0.030 ppm or less, while at least 25 percent had residues of 0.030 

ppm or more. Finally, the 90th percentile is estimated to be 0.054 ppm, meaning 

that at least 90 percent of all bananas had thiabendazole residues of 0.054 ppm 

or less, while at least 10 percent had residues of 0.054 ppm or more. 

Percent detections and percentiles for all commodities except corn grain 

and heavy cream were weighted based on marketing data. 
APPENDIX K. NATIONAL ESTIMATES FOR CONCENTRATION PERCENTILES vs. TOLERANCE

(Pairs With Residue Detections in at Least 10 Percent of Samples 1)

% of Ratio of

Samples with Mean (ppm) 2 Percentiles (ppm) 90th Percentile

Commodity / Pesticide Detections Lower Upper 50th 75th 90th to Tolerance

1 Almonds (W) (July - December only) (in parts per billion)

Boscalid 17.8 2.039 6.147 * * 7.522 0.011

Chlorpyrifos 45.3 1.949 2.496 * 2.581 6.403 0.032

Piperonyl butoxide 59.6 11.607 12.415 4.703 13.800 24.700 0.003

2 Bananas (W) 

Imazalil 25.9 0.004 0.011 * 0.004 0.015 0.005

Thiabendazole 63.6 0.020 0.023 0.012 0.030 0.054 0.018

3 Blueberries (W) 

Boscalid 34.9 0.072 0.076 * 0.042 0.250 0.071

Fludioxonil 10.9 0.004 0.014 * * 0.006 0.003

Imidacloprid 15.0 0.001 0.004 * * 0.003 0.001

Iprodione 18.5 0.049 0.057 * * 0.057 0.004

Pyraclostrobin 32.1 0.009 0.009 * 0.004 0.019 0.005

Tetrahydrophthalimide (THPI) 21.6 0.049 0.070 * * 0.140 0.007

4 Broccoli (W) 

DCPA 49.9 0.002 0.003 * 0.002 0.006 0.001

Imidacloprid 71 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.001

5 Carrots (W) 

Azoxystrobin 18.9 0.001 0.001 * * 0.003 0.005

Boscalid 10.9 0.003 0.020 * * 0.009 0.012

DDE p,p' 30.4 0.003 0.005 * 0.003 0.011 0.004

Iprodione 17.2 0.009 0.035 * * 0.045 0.009

Pyraclostrobin 39.5 0.002 0.002 * 0.002 0.005 0.012

Trifluralin 55.1 0.019 0.022 0.003 0.031 0.058 0.058

6 Celery (W) 

Acephate 38.3 0.027 0.028 * 0.013 0.092 0.009

Acetamiprid 30.3 0.002 0.002 * 0.002 0.005 0.027

Azoxystrobin 22.5 0.008 0.008 * * 0.017 0.001

Dicloran 48.7 0.132 0.138 * 0.130 0.360 0.024

Dimethoate 9.8 0.002 0.004 * * * *

Imidacloprid 47.3 0.001 0.004 * 0.001 0.004 0.001

Linuron 29.2 0.003 0.005 * 0.004 0.010 0.019

Malathion 23.9 0.017 0.019 * * 0.047 0.006

Methamidophos 23.3 0.002 0.003 * * 0.005 0.005

Omethoate 15.5 0.002 0.005 * * 0.008 0.004

Oxamyl 18.9 0.006 0.012 * * 0.019 0.006

Permethrin cis 47.7 0.011 0.014 * 0.015 0.035 0.007

Permethrin trans 48.7 0.011 0.014 * 0.016 0.036 0.007

Propiconazole 19.4 0.006 0.014 * * 0.023 0.005

Appendix K. Page 1 of 4
% of Ratio of

Samples with Mean (ppm) 2 Percentiles (ppm) 90th Percentile

Commodity / Pesticide Detections Lower Upper 50th 75th 90th to Tolerance

7 Cherries (W) (May - September only)

Azinphos methyl 17.3 0.004 0.006 * * 0.011 0.006

Bifenthrin 49.7 0.001 0.004 * 0.002 0.004 0.076

Carbaryl 18.2 0.014 0.017 * * 0.025 0.003

Imidacloprid 15.9 0.008 0.036 * * 0.039 0.013

Myclobutonil 23.4 0.009 0.014 * * 0.023 0.005

Pyraclostrobin 44.7 0.013 0.016 * 0.017 0.041 0.046

Tebuconazole 15.5 0.044 0.100 * * 0.130 0.033

Trifloxystrobin 11.5 0.001 0.002 * * 0.002 0.001

8 Corn Grain (in parts per billion)

Chlorpyrifos 30.0 1.125 1.825 * 3.000 4.000 0.040

Malathion 37.9 7.283 8.524 * 4.500 13.000 0.002

9 Green Beans (W)

Acephate 21.5 0.057 0.060 * * 0.150 0.050

Azoxystrobin 21.7 0.010 0.011 * * 0.015 0.005

Chlorothalonil 12.0 0.038 0.046 * * 0.016 0.003

Endosulfan I 7.7 0.004 0.013 * * * *

Endosulfan sulfate 12.3 0.015 0.024 * * 0.024 0.012

Methamidophos 20.0 0.023 0.027 * * 0.068 0.068

10 Greens, Collard (W) 

Azoxystrobin 45.5 0.112 0.113 * 0.013 0.220 0.009

Boscalid 2.3 0.002 0.010 * * * *

Cypermethrin 13.4 0.100 0.153 * * 0.190 0.014

Imidacloprid 24.0 0.008 0.015 * * 0.023 0.006

Methoxyfenozide 5.1 0.024 0.031 * * * *

Pyraclostrobin 21.4 0.028 0.030 * * 0.054 0.003

11 Greens, Kale (W) 

Azoxystrobin 23.5 0.081 0.082 * * 0.078 0.003

Imidacloprid 30.4 0.019 0.026 * 0.016 0.043 0.012

Methoxyfenozide 9.4 0.055 0.063 * * * *

Pyraclostrobin 9.2 0.030 0.032 * * * *

12 Heavy Cream (in parts per billion)

Cyhalothrin, Total 34.8 1.113 1.765 * 1.419 2.900 0.007

DDE p,p' 59.7 2.245 2.648 1.330 3.800 5.504 0.004

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) 41.8 0.095 0.211 * 0.200 0.220 NT

13 Honey (in parts per billion)

Coumaphos 53.7 0.960 1.423 1.000 1.500 2.000 0.013

Fluvalinate 7.8 0.161 1.083 * * * *

Appendix K. Page 2 of 4
% of Ratio of

Samples with Mean (ppm) 2 Percentiles (ppm) 90th Percentile

Commodity / Pesticide Detections Lower Upper 50th 75th 90th to Tolerance

14 Nectarines (W) 

Azinphos methyl 8.5 0.004 0.007 * * * *

Chlorpyrifos 5.4 0.001 0.005 * * * *

Fenhexamid 9.1 0.032 0.056 * * * *

Fludioxonil 57.8 0.233 0.280 0.198 0.410 0.610 0.122

Iprodione 9.8 0.222 0.258 * * * *

Phosmet 54.9 0.025 0.027 0.006 0.033 0.086 0.017

Propiconazole 17.0 0.025 0.055 * * 0.090 0.045

15 Peaches (W) 

Azinphos methyl 10.7 0.006 0.009 * * 0.004 0.002

Boscalid 21.8 0.010 0.011 * * 0.022 0.013

Carbaryl 14.3 0.018 0.02 * * 0.009 0.001

Chlorpyrifos 7.7 0.001 0.005 * * * *

Cyhalothrin, Lambda 8.1 0.001 0.005 * * * *

Fludioxonil 59.6 0.379 0.384 0.087 0.610 1.100 0.220

Iprodione 11.0 0.153 0.167 * * 0.200 0.010

Methoxyfenozide 26.2 0.012 0.012 * 0.002 0.035 0.012

1-Naphthol 11.3 0.015 0.024 * * 0.032 0.003

Phosmet 49.7 0.077 0.079 * 0.064 0.210 0.021

Propiconazole 14.4 0.041 0.069 * * 0.090 0.045

16 Potatoes, Frozen (W)

Chlorpropham 48.7 0.296 0.301 * 0.570 0.820 0.027

Imidacloprid 37.9 0.002 0.005 * 0.003 0.005 0.013

17 Raisins (W) (January - June only)

Boscalid 24.7 0.011 0.031 * * 0.043 0.005

Propargite 27.2 0.031 0.065 * 0.006 0.064 0.006

Trifloxystrobin 18.2 0.002 0.024 * * 0.007 0.001

18 Summer Squash (W) 

Dieldrin 13.0 0.004 0.007 * * 0.008 0.075

Endosulfan I 43.8 0.011 0.013 * 0.013 0.032 0.032

Endosulfan II 14.7 0.001 0.004 * * 0.005 0.005

Endosulfan sulfate 68.4 0.029 0.030 0.023 0.047 0.071 0.071

19 Tomatoes (W)

Azoxystrobin 9.7 0.001 0.005 * * * *

Chlorothalonil 14.5 0.005 0.009 * * 0.011 0.021

Endosulfan I 9.6 0.002 0.005 * * * *

Endosulfan II 16.2 0.004 0.007 * * 0.013 0.013

Endosulfan sulfate 15.1 0.002 0.006 * * 0.009 0.009

Appendix K. Page 3 of 4
NOTES

1 Includes some pairs with detections in more than 10 percent of the samples, but with estimated detections in less than 

10 percent of the population. Excludes pairs with less than 100 sample observations or without observations in all

participating States.

2 The mean is estimated with a range of values. The lower bound is calculated with non-detections valued at zero. 

The upper bound is calculated using the LOD.

* The percentile value is estimated to be below the Limit of Detection (LOD)

(W) Weighted for utilization. The Percent of Samples with Detections was recalculated to reflect national estimates.

NT No tolerance established.

Weighting the sample for national estimates:

National estimates were computed from the samples collected in nine participating States by benchmarking the data to national

numbers. For example, if 35 percent of a commodity consumed domestically in 2007 was known to be in category A, while

65 percent was in category B, the commodity sample would be divided into the two categories. If PA of the commodity sample

in category A had a detectable residue of a pesticide while PB of the sample in category B had a detectable residue of that same

pesticide, then the national estimate of detectable residues for the pesticide/commodity pair was .35 x PA + .65 x PB.

For 2007, estimates were benchmarked to place-of-origin data, usually imported versus domestically-grown product. Analysis

showed place-of-origin is often strongly correlated with pesticide residues. The Economic Research Service (ERS) supplied 

2007 import fractions for most domestically-consumed commodities. A single fraction was provided covering both fresh

nectarines and peaches. Similarly, a single import fraction was deduced for all greens.

Bananas, being 100 percent imported, were benchmarked by country of origin using Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) 2006 data.

Some commodities were further benchmarked by State of origin using National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) data, with

several States often grouped together (e.g., Florida and Georgia or all States other than California). Similarly, some commodities

were further benchmarked by country of origin using FAS data.

Most domestic data were for 2007, but 2002 Census-of-Agriculture data were used for greens because NASS does not collect

annual greens data. Summer squash was benchmarked to all-squash numbers (both winter and summer varieties). This is the

only level of aggregation at which NASS and ERS collect and publish data.

Slightly under 5 percent of domestic samples and 1.5 percent of imported samples had no State/country of origin. To use these

records, samples marked as domestic (or imported) but without a specific originating State (or country) were prorated across

the benchmarking States (or countries) using averages within the collection State and season. For example, if 40 percent of the

winter sample of a commodity collected in Texas had California listed as the State of origin and 60 percent came from other 

States, then a winter sample of that commodity collected in Texas and marked as domestic, but without a State of origin, would be

treated as 40 percent from California and 60 percent from other States. A similar process was used for samples with unknown

import/domestic status (0.5 percent of the samples).

Appendix K. Page 4 of 4
Appendix L

Cumulative Distributions of Residues for Selected 

Pesticide/Commodity Pairs

In Appendix L, the concentrations detected (in parts per million, except 

where otherwise noted) are plotted versus the calculated percentiles for the 

following 12 pesticide/commodity pairs: 

Piperonyl butoxide / Almonds 

Boscalid / Blueberries 

Imidacloprid / Broccoli 

Bifenthrin / Cherries 

Azoxystrobin / Collard Greens 

Acephate / Green Beans 

Fludioxonil / Nectarines 

Phosmet / Nectarines 

Fludioxonil / Peaches 

Phosmet / Peaches 

Propargite / Raisins 

Trifloxystrobin / Raisins 

The distribution of residues for all of the PDP pesticide/commodity pairs 

has the same curved shape. For each pesticide/commodity pair, the highest 

percentile graphed in the appendix (99th) is lower than the highest concentration 

detected in the sample (refer to the value shown in each graph’s legend). 

Inclusion of the highest concentration would cause graph distortion, which would 

obscure concentrations in the low ranges. The tolerance for the 

pesticide/commodity pair is also indicated in the legend of each graph. The large 

dots show the percentage of the commodity at or below a given level of residue 

concentration. For example, an estimated 50 percent of nectarines available to 

U.S. consumers in 2007 had phosmet residue concentrations of 0.006 ppm or 

less. The solid lines, tailing the large dots, depict percentage values. The lowest 

value of these solid lines indicates the estimated percentage of the commodity 

available to U.S. consumers with no detectable residues. For phosmet in 

nectarines, this is 45 percent. The shaded bar denotes the range of values 

estimated for the mean. In some cases, there is convergence of the mean upper 

and lower bound into a single line due to the insignificant differences between 

them. For phosmet in nectarines, the mean range is approximately 0.025 – 0.027 

ppm, corresponding to the 69th percentile. 
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per BILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

LEGEND

Tolerance is 8000 ppb

Highest Level Detected is 309 ppb

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per BILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per BILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

LEGEND

Tolerance is 8000 ppb

Highest Level Detected is 309 ppb

MEAN

Piperonyl butoxide / Almonds

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

LEGEND

Tolerance is 3.5 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 1.7 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

LEGEND

Tolerance is 3.5 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 1.7 ppm

MEAN

Boscalid / Blueberries

 Appendix L. Page 1 of 6 

Appendix L. Cumulative Distributions of Residues 

for Selected Pesticide/Commodity Pairs 
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

0.0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

LEGEND

Tolerance is 3.5 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.036 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

0.0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

0.0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

0.016

0.018

0.020

LEGEND

Tolerance is 3.5 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.036 ppm

MEAN

Imidacloprid / Broccoli

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

0.0040

0.0045

0.0050

0.0055

0.0060

0.0065

0.0

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

0.0040

0.0045

0.0050

0.0055

0.0060

0.0065

LEGEND

Tolerance is 0.05 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.0072 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

0.0040

0.0045

0.0050

0.0055

0.0060

0.0065

0.0

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

0.0040

0.0045

0.0050

0.0055

0.0060

0.0065

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

0.0040

0.0045

0.0050

0.0055

0.0060

0.0065

0.0

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0.0020

0.0025

0.0030

0.0035

0.0040

0.0045

0.0050

0.0055

0.0060

0.0065

LEGEND

Tolerance is 0.05 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.0072 ppm

MEAN

Bifenthrin / Cherries

 Appendix L. Page 2 of 6 
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

LEGEND

Tolerance is 25 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 3.7 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

LEGEND

Tolerance is 25 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 3.7 ppm

MEAN

Azoxystrobin / Collard Greens

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

LEGEND

Tolerance is 3 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 2.1 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

LEGEND

Tolerance is 3 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 2.1 ppm

MEAN

Acephate / Green Beans

 Appendix L. Page 3 of 6 
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5.0 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 1.4 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5.0 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 1.4 ppm

MEAN

Fludioxonil / Nectarines

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.25 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.25 ppm

MEAN

Phosmet / Nectarines

 Appendix L. Page 4 of 6 
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5.0 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 5.3 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5.0 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 5.3 ppm

MEAN

Fludioxonil / Peaches

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

LEGEND

Tolerance is 10 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 2.2 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

LEGEND

Tolerance is 10 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 2.2 ppm

MEAN

Phosmet / Peaches

 Appendix L. Page 5 of 6 
Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

LEGEND

Tolerance is 10 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 4.4 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

LEGEND

Tolerance is 10 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 4.4 ppm

MEAN

Propargite / Raisins

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5.0 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.054 ppm

MEAN

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5.0 ppm

Percentiles

Concentration - (parts per MILLION)

70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

0.0

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

LEGEND

Tolerance is 5.0 ppm

Highest Level Detected is 0.054 ppm

MEAN

Trifloxystrobin / Raisins

Appendix L. Page 6 of 6 
Appendix M

Number of Pesticides Detected per Sample

Appendix M shows the percentage of samples versus the number of 

pesticides detected per sample, excluding groundwater and drinking water 

samples. The graph and data on page 1 show the overall number of samples and 

percentages (of total number of samples analyzed) for each detection group 

across all commodities. The table on page 2 shows the number of pesticides 

detected by individual commodity. For the 11,683 samples analyzed, 23.1 

percent of the samples had no detectable pesticides, 29.5 percent had 1 

pesticide, and 47.4 percent of the samples had more than 1 pesticide. 

This appendix reports the number of distinct pesticides rather than 

residues, as was reported in summaries prior to 2003. A parent compound and 

its metabolites are reported as a single pesticide. For example, a single 

application of the pesticide endosulfan may result in residues of the parent 

compound endosulfan I, its endosulfan II isomer, and its endosulfan sulfate 

metabolite. Thus, three residue detections could result from the use of a single 

pesticide. In the 2002 and previous summaries, the corresponding appendix 

would have counted these results as three distinct residues, while this appendix 

counts the findings as just one distinct pesticide. 
40

30

20

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Number of

Samples 2,696 3,444 2,482 1,296 728 480 246 162 60 50 21 13 3 2

Percent of

Total Samples 23.1 29.5 21.2 11.1 6.2 4.1 2.1 1.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.03 0.02

TOTAL NUMBER OF SAMPLES = 11,683

NOTES

1

 Parent compounds and their metabolites are combined to report the number of "pesticides" rather than the number of "residues,"

 as was reported in summaries prior to 2003. For example, a sample with positive detections for Endosulfan I, II, and sulfate

 would have been counted as three residues detected in the 2002 Appendix L. That same sample would be counted as just 

 one pesticide detected in this appendix.

2

 Excludes groundwater and finished/untreated drinking water samples.

Number of Pesticides Detected per Sample

Number of Pesticides Detected per Sample

APPENDIX M. SAMPLES vs. NUMBER OF PESTICIDES1 DETECTED PER SAMPLE2

Percent of Samples

23.1

21.2

29.5

4.1

6.2

11.1

0.5 0.4 1.4

2.1

Multiple pesticide detections may result from: application of more than one pesticide, spray drift, crop 

rotation, cross-contamination, and/or indicate the presence of environmental contaminants.

0.2 0.1 0.03 0.02

Appendix M. Page 1 of 2
Commodity (# of samples) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Fresh Fruit and Vegetables:

Bananas (744) 27.3 47.3 24.1 1.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Blueberries (711) 18.3 20.4 20.4 15.2 10.4 7.2 2.5 2.7 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1

Broccoli (736) 12.0 32.2 40.5 11.3 2.2 1.8 0.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Carrots (744) 20.8 27.8 17.5 15.9 10.1 5.4 1.6 0.8 0.1 -- -- -- -- --

Celery (739) 3.5 6.2 9.3 14.6 14.1 15.6 11.8 10.7 5.4 5.0 2.3 1.1 0.3 0.1

Cherries (419) 10.0 21.7 18.1 14.8 16.0 10.3 6.0 2.9 0.2 -- -- -- -- --

Green Beans (739) 27.6 22.6 16.6 11.8 11.5 5.5 2.7 0.8 0.7 -- 0.1 -- -- --

Greens, Collard (353) 20.4 23.5 17.6 12.2 11.3 9.3 3.1 2.0 0.3 0.3 -- -- -- --

Greens, Kale (386) 23.3 29.0 19.7 11.9 7.3 3.9 2.1 1.8 0.8 0.3 -- -- -- --

Nectarines (563) 7.8 14.0 41.7 27.5 6.4 1.8 0.7 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Peaches (555) 4.3 9.5 19.8 25.8 16.9 12.3 7.2 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.2 -- -- --

Summer Squash (742) 20.2 47.8 23.5 5.9 1.5 0.8 0.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Tomatoes (741) 42.2 32.7 16.6 6.6 1.6 0.1 0.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Processed Fruit and Vegetables:

Apple Juice (368) 82.3 5.2 2.2 3.8 3.5 2.4 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Blueberries, Frozen (22) 18.2 22.7 9.1 -- 13.6 4.5 9.1 13.6 4.5 -- 4.5 -- -- --

Potatoes, Frozen (800) 17.9 45.5 30.5 5.1 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Raisins (372) 40.9 25.8 9.9 4.3 5.4 8.3 3.5 1.6 -- 0.3 -- -- -- --

Percent of Total Samples 22.0 27.3 21.5 11.6 7.0 4.9 2.5 1.7 0.6 0.51 0.22 0.13 0.03 0.02

Actual Number of Samples 2,143 2,653 2,091 1,127 686 477 246 162 60 50 21 13 3 2

Nut Product: 

Almonds (361) 22.2 29.9 31.3 15.0 1.4 0.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Actual Number of Samples 80 108 113 54 5 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Grain Product: 

Corn Grain (660) 37.3 52.7 9.4 0.6 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Actual Number of Samples 246 348 62 4 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Honey Product: 

Honey (186) 45.2 47.8 6.5 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Actual Number of Samples 84 89 12 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Dairy Product: 

Heavy Cream (742) 19.3 33.2 27.5 14.8 5.0 0.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Actual Number of Samples 143 246 204 110 37 2 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

NOTES

1 Parent compounds and their metabolites are combined to report the number of "pesticides" rather than the number of "residues."

2 Excludes the 272 groundwater and 734 drinking water samples.

Number of Pesticides1 Detected per Sample2

Percent

TOTAL NUMBER OF FRUIT & VEGETABLE SAMPLES = 9,734

APPENDIX M. SAMPLES vs. NUMBER OF PESTICIDES DETECTED PER SAMPLE

Appendix M. Page 2 of 2
Appendix N

Fruit and Vegetable Samples Reported to the 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration as 

Exceeding the Tolerance 

or Without Established Tolerance 

(per Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 180)

 

Appendix N shows residues reported to FDA as exceeding the tolerance 

or residues for which no established tolerance was listed under the Code of 

Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 40, Part 180. In 2007, a total of 432 samples 

with 473 residues were reported to the FDA as Presumptive Tolerance 

Violations. 

A total of 49 fruit and vegetable samples were found to have residues at 

levels exceeding the established tolerance, including 6 blueberry samples, 3 

celery samples, 2 green bean samples, 11 collard green samples, 9 kale 

samples, 5 nectarine samples, 3 peach samples, 9 summer squash samples, 

and 1 tomato sample. Of those 49 samples, 8 were reported as imported 

produce. 

45 samples contained 1 residue exceeding the established tolerance. 

3 samples contained 2 residues exceeding the established tolerances. 

1 samples contained 4 residues exceeding the established tolerances. 

In addition, 386 samples were found to have residues for which no 

tolerance was established, including 377 fruit and vegetable samples, 3 corn 

grain samples and 6 honey samples. 

356 samples contained 1 residue for which no tolerance was established. 

28 samples contained 2 residues for which no tolerance was established. 

2 samples contained 3 residues for which no tolerance was established. 

Three of the 386 samples also contained 1 residue each that exceeded an 

established tolerance. 

The columns under the Sample Origin heading provide the number of 

samples that were of domestic, import, or unknown origin for each 

pesticide/commodity pair listed. 

Appendix N also notes if metabolites (or isomers) were detected as part of 

the same sample. In instances where both parent and metabolite (or isomer) 

were detected, PDP accounted for both as part of the same tolerance 

expression. 
Residues Exceeding Established Tolerance

Commodity / Pesticide

Limit of

Detection,

ppm

Concentration

Detected,

ppm

EPA

Tolerance

Level, ppm

Country of

Origin

1 Blueberries / Carbendazim (MBC) 0.0003 8 7.0 Chile

2 Blueberries / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.006 0.13 0.01 U.S.

3 Blueberries / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.006 0.027 0.01 U.S.

4 Blueberries / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.006 0.023 0.01 U.S.

5 Blueberries / Simazine 0.002 0.35 0.25 U.S.

6 Blueberries / Simazine 0.002 0.29 0.25 U.S.

7 Celery / Fludioxonil 0.012 0.02 0.01 U.S.

8 Celery / Fludioxonil 0.012 0.02 0.01 U.S.

9 Celery / Fludioxonil 0.012 0.02 0.01 U.S.

10 Green Beans / Chlorothalonil 0.008 9.1 5 U.S.

11 Green Beans / Clothianidin 0.01 0.054 0.02 U.S.

12 Greens, Collard / Acephate 0.03 0.16 0.02 U.S.

13 Greens, Collard / Chlorpyrifos 0.004 6.3 2.0 U.S.

14 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Lambda 0.006 0.099 0.01 U.S.

15 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Lambda 0.006 0.092 0.01 U.S.

16 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Lambda 0.006 0.078 0.01 U.S.

17 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Lambda 0.006 0.06 0.01 U.S.

18 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Lambda 0.006 0.023 0.01 U.S.

19 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.05 0.45 0.01 U.S.

20 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.05 0.35 0.01 U.S.

21 Greens, Collard / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.05 0.082 0.01 U.S.

22 Greens, Collard / Methamidophos 0.05 0.083 0.02 U.S.

23 Greens, Collard / Myclobutanil 0.075 3.3 0.03 U.S.

24 Greens, Kale / Acephate 0.03 0.24 0.02 U.S.

25 Greens, Kale / Acephate 0.03 0.05 0.02 Canada

26 Greens, Kale / Acephate 0.03 0.05 0.02 U.S.

27 Greens, Kale / Acetamiprid 0.01 1.6 1.20 U.S.

28 Greens, Kale / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.05 0.2 0.01 U.S.

APPENDIX N. SAMPLES REPORTED TO FDA AS EXCEEDING THE TOLERANCE

OR WITHOUT ESTABLISHED TOLERANCE

(per Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Part 180)

Appendix N. Page 1 of 5
Commodity / Pesticide

Limit of

Detection,

ppm

Concentration

Detected,

ppm

EPA

Tolerance

Level, ppm

Country of

Origin

29 Greens, Kale / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.05 0.15 0.01 U.S.

30 Greens, Kale / Cyhalothrin, Total (Cyhalothrin-L + R157836 epimer) 0.05 0.071 0.01 U.S.

31 Greens, Kale / Diazinon 0.002 2.1 0.7 U.S.

32 Greens, Kale / Esfenvalerate+Fenvalerate Total 0.13 0.26 0.05 U.S.

33 Greens, Kale / Metalaxyl 0.015 0.66 0.1 Mexico

34 Greens, Kale / Methamidophos 0.05 0.18 0.02 U.S.

35 Greens, Kale / Methamidophos 0.05 0.083 0.02 U.S.

36 Greens, Kale / Myclobutanil 0.075 0.85 0.03 Mexico

37 Nectarines / Esfenvalerate 0.061 0.1 0.05 U.S.

38 Nectarines / Esfenvalerate 0.061 0.1 0.05 U.S.

39 Nectarines / Esfenvalerate 0.061 0.1 0.05 U.S.

40 Nectarines / Esfenvalerate 0.061 0.1 0.05 U.S.

41 Nectarines / Methamidophos 0.007 0.03 0.02 Chile

42 Peaches / Fludioxonil 0.015 5.3 5.0 U.S.

43 Peaches / Methamidophos 0.002 0.056 0.02 Chile

44 Peaches / Methamidophos 0.002 0.046 0.02 Chile

45 Summer Squash / Acephate 0.005 0.46 0.02 U.S.

46 Summer Squash / Acephate 0.005 0.052 0.02 U.S.

47 Summer Squash / Chlorpyrifos 0.004 0.33 0.1 U.S.

48 Summer Squash / Heptachlor epoxide 0.002 0.046 0.02 U.S.

49 Summer Squash / Heptachlor epoxide 0.002 0.036 0.02 U.S.

50 Summer Squash / Heptachlor epoxide 0.002 0.035 0.02 U.S.

51 Summer Squash / Heptachlor epoxide 0.002 0.03 0.02 U.S.

52 Summer Squash / Methamidophos 0.004 0.061 0.02 U.S.

53 Summer Squash / Methamidophos 0.002 0.031 0.02 Mexico

54 Summer Squash / Methomyl 0.006 0.56 0.2 U.S.

55 Tomatoes / Esfenvalerate 0.072 0.12 0.05 U.S.

Appendix N. Page 2 of 5
Commodity / Pesticide U.S. Import Unk.

1 Bananas

o-Phenylphenol 1 744 16 2.2 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.033 0 16 0

2 Blueberries

Atrazine 504 1 0.2 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0 1 0

Buprofezin 504 4 0.8 0.0002 - 0.002 0.0001 ^ 3 1 0

DCPA 504 2 0.4 0.001 - 0.004 0.0007 ^ 2 0 0

Diflubenzuron 504 1 0.2 0.011 ^ 0.007 ^ 1 0 0

Malathion oxygen analog 711 7 1 0.005 - 0.013 0.002 - 0.004 6 1 0

Methiocarb 504 1 0.2 0.002 ^ 0.0006 ^ 1 0 0

Myclobutanil 711 1 0.1 0.001 ^ 0.0006 - 0.020 0 1 0

o-Phenylphenol 1 694 13 1.9 0.005 - 0.043 0.003 - 0.033 13 0 0

Pyrimethanil 504 3 0.6 0.0005 ^ 0.0003 ^ 1 2 0

Tebuconazole 504 2 0.4 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 0 2 0

Thiabendazole 668 2 0.3 0.0005 - 0.002 0.0001 - 0.001 1 1 0

Trifloxystrobin 504 1 0.2 0.0007 ^ 0.0004 ^ 1 0 0

3 Broccoli

Buprofezin 736 2 0.3 0.0002 - 0.0009 0.0001 ^ 2 0 0

Carbofuran 736 2 0.3 0.0005 ^ 0.0003 ^ 1 1 0

Chlorpropham 736 1 0.1 0.064 ^ 0.006 - 0.020 1 0 0

Dicloran 736 5 0.7 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 5 0 0

Etoxazole 736 2 0.3 0.0002 ^ 0.0001 ^ 2 0 0

Fenpyroximate 722 1 0.1 0.006 ^ 0.0006 - 0.002 1 0 0

3-Hydroxycarbofuran 736 3 0.4 0.002 - 0.028 0.0006 - 0.001 2 1 0

Pirimiphos methyl 736 1 0.1 0.011 ^ 0.002 ^ 1 0 0

Pronamide 736 3 0.4 0.010 ^ 0.006 ^ 3 0 0

Pyrimethanil 736 7 1 0.0005 - 0.003 0.0003 ^ 7 0 0

Thiabendazole 736 8 1.1 0.0002 - 0.0007 0.0001 ^ 6 1 1

4 Carrots

Chlorpropham 1 1 100 0.017 ^ 0.010 ^ 1 0 0

Clofentezine 1 1 100 0.004 ^ 0.003 ^ 1 0 0

Parathion methyl 1 1 100 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 1 0 0

Pentachlorobenzene (PCB) 2 2 2 100 0.003 ^ 0.002 ^ 2 0 0

Permethrin cis 3 216 1 0.5 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ 1 0 0

Permethrin trans 3 216 1 0.5 0.020 ^ 0.012 ^ 1 0 0

Phosmet 1 1 100 0.022 ^ 0.005 ^ 0 1 0

Quintozene (PCNB) 2 216 4 1.9 0.010 - 0.026 0.003 ^ 4 0 0

Sample Origin

Distribution of Residues with No Tolerance Listed in 40 CFR, Part 180, 

Range of 

LODs, ppm

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

Reported

% of 

Samples 

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

by Commodity/Pesticide

Appendix N. Page 3 of 5
Commodity / Pesticide U.S. Import Unk.

5 Celery

Cycloate 525 10 1.9 0.001 - 0.003 0.0006 ^ 10 0 0

Cyprodinil 2 2 100 0.013 - 0.049 0.008 ^ 2 0 0

DCPA 527 64 12.1 0.001 - 0.012 0.0007 - 0.003 61 1 2

Dimethomorph 526 15 2.9 0.002 - 0.004 0.0009 - 0.002 15 0 0

Iprodione 495 1 0.2 0.014 ^ 0.008 - 0.12 1 0 0

Malathion oxygen analog 739 1 0.1 0.003 ^ 0.002 - 0.004 1 0 0

Metribuzin 525 1 0.2 0.022 ^ 0.013 ^ 1 0 0

Norflurazon 467 1 0.2 0.008 ^ 0.005 ^ 1 0 0

o-Phenylphenol 1 686 5 0.7 0.005 - 0.052 0.003 - 0.033 5 0 0

Piperonyl butoxide 525 3 0.6 0.019 - 0.033 0.005 ^ 3 0 0

Pyrimethanil 525 14 2.7 0.0005 - 0.005 0.0003 ^ 14 0 0

Thiabendazole 739 4 0.5 0.0002 - 0.002 0.0001 - 0.001 3 1 0

6 Cherries

Thiabendazole 122 2 1.6 0.002 - 0.007 0.001 ^ 2 0 0

7 Corn Grain (in parts per billion) (ppb) (ppb)

Cyanazine 534 1 0.2 3.0 ^ 2.0 ^ 1 0 0

Methoxychlor p,p' 660 2 0.3 10 ^ 6.0 ^ 2 0 0

8 Green Beans

Carbofuran 528 2 0.4 0.069 - 0.14 0.010 ^ 2 0 0

Chlorpropham 528 1 0.2 0.085 ^ 0.038 ^ 1 0 0

Dinotefuran 528 19 3.6 0.011 - 0.18 0.010 ^ 19 0 0

Fenpropathrin 1 1 100 0.10 ^ 0.020 ^ 0 1 0

3-Hydroxycarbofuran 528 2 0.4 0.018 - 0.030 0.010 ^ 2 0 0

Oxamyl 507 1 0.2 0.011 ^ 0.010 ^ 0 1 0

o-Phenylphenol 1 709 1 0.1 0.032 ^ 0.010 - 0.033 0 0 1

Pyrimethanil 530 3 0.6 0.003 - 0.011 0.003 ^ 3 0 0

Thiabendazole 739 9 1.2 0.002 - 0.026 0.001 - 0.010 7 2 0

Trifloxystrobin 739 2 0.3 0.001 - 0.008 0.0007 - 0.005 0 2 0

9 Greens, Collard

Chlorothalonil 1 1 100 0.013 ^ 0.008 ^ 1 0 0

Dicloran 214 1 0.5 0.018 ^ 0.013 ^ 1 0 0

Dinotefuran 236 3 1.3 0.012 - 0.12 0.010 ^ 3 0 0

Famoxadone 1 1 100 2.2 ^ 0.002 ^ 1 0 0

Linuron 1 1 100 0.017 ^ 0.002 ^ 1 0 0

Malathion oxygen analog 353 1 0.3 0.005 ^ 0.003 - 0.006 1 0 0

Methoxychlor p,p' 1 1 100 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 1 0 0

Metolachlor 335 1 0.3 0.060 ^ 0.010 - 0.030 1 0 0

Norflurazon desmethyl 236 1 0.4 0.012 ^ 0.010 ^ 1 0 0

Pendimethalin 237 3 1.3 0.023 - 0.037 0.015 - 0.020 3 0 0

o-Phenylphenol 1 335 11 3.3 0.017 - 0.060 0.010 - 0.033 9 0 2

Piperonyl butoxide 353 5 1.4 0.017 - 0.13 0.010 - 0.015 5 0 0

Number of 

Samples

Samples 

Reported

% of 

Samples 

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Range of 

LODs, ppm

Sample Origin

Appendix N. Page 4 of 5
Commodity / Pesticide U.S. Import Unk.

10 Greens, Kale

Chlorothalonil 1 1 100 0.070 ^ 0.008 ^ 1 0 0

Dinotefuran 289 3 1 0.008 - 0.044 0.005 - 0.010 3 0 0

Fenamiphos sulfoxide 287 1 0.3 0.007 ^ 0.005 ^ 1 0 0

Methoxychlor p,p' 2 2 100 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 2 0 0

Pendimethalin 291 4 1.4 0.022 - 0.033 0.015 - 0.020 4 0 0

Permethrin Total 290 18 6.2 0.11 - 8.4 0.10 ^ 17 1 0

Permethrin cis 3 96 4 4.2 0.065 - 4.6 0.012 ^ 4 0 0

Permethrin trans 3 96 4 4.2 0.056 - 3.7 0.012 ^ 4 0 0

o-Phenylphenol 1 373 5 1.3 0.017 - 0.039 0.010 - 0.033 3 2 0

Propargite 1 1 100 0.007 ^ 0.004 ^ 1 0 0

Quinoxyfen 1 1 100 0.0008 ^ 0.0005 ^ 1 0 0

Trifloxystrobin 287 1 0.3 0.010 ^ 0.005 ^ 1 0 0

11 Honey (in parts per billion) (ppb) (ppb)

Dicloran 186 1 0.5 1.0 ^ 1.0 ^ 1 0 0

Dicofol p,p' 186 3 1.6 1.3 - 3.6 1.0 ^ 3 0 0

Vinclozolin 186 2 1.1 10.6 - 10.7 1.0 ^ 0 2 0

12 Peaches

Allethrin 555 1 0.2 0.12 ^ 0.010 ^ 1 0 0

Diphenylamine (DPA) 151 1 0.7 0.017 ^ 0.010 ^ 0 1 0

Imazalil 507 7 1.4 0.006 - 0.050 0.004 - 0.10 3 4 0

Parathion methyl 2 2 100 0.002 - 0.15 0.001 - 0.002 2 0 0

Propargite 523 11 2.1 0.006 - 0.96 0.004 - 0.020 11 0 0

Thiabendazole 524 34 6.5 0.002 - 0.65 0.001 - 0.030 6 28 0

13 Potatoes, Frozen

o-Phenylphenol 1 757 7 0.9 0.017 - 0.046 0.010 - 0.033 6 0 1

14 Raisins

o-Phenylphenol 1 108 2 1.9 0.033 ^ 0.020 ^ 2 0 0

Procymidone 264 1 0.4 1.0 ^ 0.050 ^ 0 1 0

Thiabendazole 108 1 0.9 0.002 ^ 0.001 ^ 1 0 0

15 Summer Squash

o-Phenylphenol 1 179 2 1.1 0.017 ^ 0.010 - 0.033 2 0 0

NOTES

1 o-Phenylphenol is a fungicide with a number of crop tolerances. It is also an ingredient in many cleaning products and is

used in the paper manufacturing process. Residues of o-Phenylphenol may be the result of direct use, transfer across

commodities, or may originate from various paper and cleaning products.

2 Pentachlorobenzene (PCB) metabolite was detected within the same samples as Quintozene (PCNB).

3 Permethrin cis and trans isomers were detected within the same samples.

Note:

For those pesticide/commodity pairs where the minimum detected value is less than the limit of quantitation (three times

the limit of detection), the reported values are estimates. In a few cases, this may apply to the maximum detected value.

Range of 

LODs, ppm

Number of Sample Origin

Samples

Samples 

Reported

% of 

Samples 

Range of Values 

Detected, ppm

Appendix N. Page 5 of 5
PESTICIDE DATA PROGRAM

 Annual Summary Calendar Year 2007

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