Appendix F. ECOTOX Bibliography 

(ECOTOX Queries: May 2010, January 2005) 

Explanation of OPP Acceptability Criteria and Rejection Codes for ECOTOX Data 

Studies located and coded into ECOTOX must meet acceptability criteria, as established in the 

Interim Guidance of the Evaluation Criteria for Ecological Toxicity Data in the Open Literature, 

Phase I and II, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, July 16, 

2004. Studies that do not meet these criteria are designated in the bibliography as “Accepted for 

ECOTOX but not OPP.” The intent of the acceptability criteria is to ensure data quality and 

verifiability. The criteria parallel criteria used in evaluating registrant-submitted studies. 

Specific criteria are listed below, along with the corresponding rejection code. 

• The paper does not report toxicology information for a chemical of concern to OPP; 

(Rejection Code: NO COC) 

• The article is not published in English language; (Rejection Code: NO FOREIGN) 

• The study is not presented as a full article. Abstracts will not be considered; 

(Rejection Code: NO ABSTRACT) 

• The paper is not publicly available document; (Rejection Code: NO NOT PUBLIC 

(typically not used, as any paper acquired from the ECOTOX holding or through the 

literature search is considered public) 

• The paper is not the primary source of the data; (Rejection Code: NO REVIEW) 

• The paper does not report that treatment(s) were compared to an acceptable control; 

(Rejection Code: NO CONTROL) 

• The paper does not report an explicit duration of exposure; (Rejection Code: NO 

DURATION) 

• The paper does not report a concurrent environmental chemical concentration/dose or 

application rate; (Rejection Code: NO CONC) 

• The paper does not report the location of the study (e.g., laboratory vs. field); 

(Rejection Code: NO LOCATION) 

• The paper does not report a biological effect on live, whole organisms; (Rejection 

Code: NO IN-VITRO) 

• The paper does not report the species that was tested; and this species can be verified 

in a reliable source; (Rejection Code: NO SPECIES) 

• The paper does not report effects associated with exposure to a single chemical. 

(Rejection Code: NO MIXTURE). It should be noted that all papers including data 

on pesticide mixtures are considered. 

Additionally, efficacy studies on target species are excluded and coded as NO TARGET. 

Data that originated from the OPP Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database is coded as NO EFED. 

These data are already available to the chemical team. 
CHLOROPHACINONE (only) – January 2005 

Papers that Were Accepted for ECOTOX 

ECOTOX and OPP

 1. Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1987). Efficacy of Rodenticides for Control of Orchard Voles. 

J.Am.Soc.Hortic.Sci. 112: 267-272. 

EcoReference No.: 75393 

Chemical of Concern: BDL,BDP,CPC,DPC,CLC,ZnP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,BEH. 

 2. Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1991). Rodenticides for the Control of Pine and Meadow Voles in 

Orchards. J.Environ.Hortic. 9: 167-172. 

EcoReference No.: 75474 

Chemical of Concern: BDL,DFT,DPC,CPC,CLC,ZnP,OXT; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR,POP. 

 3. Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1989). Vole Population Shifts Related to Rodenticide Usage. Hortscience

24: 783-785. 

EcoReference No.: 75463 

Chemical of Concern: CPC,ZnP,CLC,BDL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP. 

 4. Merson, M. H. and Byers, R. E. (1985). Weathering and the Field Efficacy of Pelletized Rodenticide Baits 

in Orchards. Crop Prot. 4: 511-519. 

EcoReference No.: 75532 

Chemical of Concern: PVL,BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,ZnP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR,BEH. 

 5. Radvanyi, A., Weaver, P., Massari, C., Bird, D., and Broughton, E. (1988). Effects of Chlorophacinone on 

Captive Kestrels. Bull.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 41: 441-448. 

EcoReference No.: 39765 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,MOR,PHY. 

 6. Tuyttens, F. A. M. and Stuyck, J. J. J. M. (2002). Effectiveness and Efficiency of Chlorophacinone Poisoning 

for the Control of Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Populations. N.Z.J.Zool. 29: 33-40. 

EcoReference No.: 75541 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. 

ECOTOX only

 1. Arjo, W. M. and Nolte, D. L. (2004). Assessing the Efficacy of Registered Underground Baiting Products 

for Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa) Control. Crop Prot. 23: 425-430. 

EcoReference No.: 75340 

Chemical of Concern: CPC,ZnP,STCH,DPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. 

 2. Askham, L. R. (1985). Effectiveness of Two Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Chlorophacinone and 

Bromadiolone) for Columbian Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) Control in Eastern 

Washington. Crop Prot. 4: 365-371. 

EcoReference No.: 75482 
Chemical of Concern: BDL,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. 

 3. Askham, L. R. and Poche, R. M. (1992). Biodeterioration of Chlorophacinone in Voles, Hawks and an Owl. 

Mammalia 56: 145-150. 

EcoReference No.: 73126 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: GRO,BEH,ACC. 

 4. Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1987). Bait Shyness of Pine Voles to Zinc Phosphide and Anticoagulants 

Stored with Pesticides. Hortscience 22: 239-241. 

EcoReference No.: 75534 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,CPC,ZnP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH. 

 5. Marsh, R. E., Howard, W. E., , W. E., and Cole, R. E. (1977). The Toxicity of Chlorophacinone and 

Diphacinone to Deer Mice. J.Wildl.Manag. 41: 298-301. 

EcoReference No.: 35337 

Chemical of Concern: DPC,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. 

 6. Mathur, R. P. and Prakash, I. (1980). Laboratory Evaluation of Anticoagulant-Treated Baits for Control of 

the Northern Palm Squirrel, Funambulus pennanti Wroughton. J.Hyg. 85: 421-426. 

EcoReference No.: 37842 

Chemical of Concern: WFN,CPC,BDF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR. 

 7. Mathur, R. P. and Prakash, I. (1984). Reduction in Population of Indian Desert Rodents with Anticoagulant 

Rodenticides. Proc.Indian Acad.Sci.Anim.Sci. 93: 585-589. 

EcoReference No.: 75442 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP. 

 8. NGAZIZAH, Idris, A. G., SHAMSIAH, M., Nasir, M. K., and RADZI, H. (1993). The Palatability of Three 

Type Anticoagulant Rodenticides to Rice Field Rats (Rattus argentiventer). Malays.Agric.J. 54: 195-199. 

EcoReference No.: 75437 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,CPC,WFN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR. 

 9. Office of Pesticide Programs (2000). Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (Formerly: Environmental Effects 

Database (EEDB)). Environmental Fate and Effects Division, U.S.EPA, Washington, D.C.

EcoReference No.: 344 

User Define 2: REPS,WASH,CALF,CORE,SENT 

Chemical of Concern: 

24DXY,ACL,ACP,ACR,AQS,ATZ,AZ,BDF,BMC,BML,BMN,BS,BT,Captan,CBF,CBL,CFE,CFE,CLNB,CM

PH,CPC,CPY,CTN,CTZ,Cu,CuO,CuS,CYD,CYF,CYP,CYT,DBN,DCNA,DFT,DFZ,DM,DMB,DMM,DMP,D

MT,DOD,DPC,DPDP,DS,DU,DZ,DZM,EFL,EFS,EFV,EP,FHX,FMP,FO,Folpet,FPP,FVL,GYP,HCCH,HXZ,I

PD,IZP,LNR,MAL,MB,MBZ,MDT,MFX,MFZ,MGK,MLN,MLT,MOM,MP,MTC,MTL,MTM,NAA,Naled,N

FZ,NPP,NTP,OXF,OXT,OYZ,PDM,PEB,PHMD,PMR,PMT,PNB,PPB,PPG,PPMH,PQT,PRB,PRT,PSM,PYN,

PYZ,RTN,SMM,SMT,SS,SXD,SZ,TBC,TDC,TDZ,TET,TFN,TFR,TMT,TPR,TRB,WFN,ZnP; Habitat: AT; 

Effect Codes: MOR,POP,PHY,GRO,REP. 

10. Pelz, H. J. and Gemmeke, H. (1988). Methods to Control the Two Forms of Arvicola terrestris in Orchards 

in the Federal Republic of Germany. Bull.OEPP (Org.Eur.Medit.Prot.Plant) 18: 435-439. 

EcoReference No.: 75487 
Chemical of Concern: BDL,CPC,CLC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH. 

11. Schafer, E. W. and Bowles, W. A. (1985). Acute Oral Toxicity and Repellency of 933 Chemicals to House 

and Deer Mice. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 14: 111-129. 

EcoReference No.: 35426 

User Define 2: REPS,CORE,SENT 

Chemical of Concern: ADC,CST,MOM,CPC,ZnP,DOD,MLN,Cu,AQS; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: 

CHLOROPHACINONE 

Papers that Were Excluded from ECOTOX 

 1. Arends, J. J. and Robertson, S. H. (1986). Integrated Pest Management for Poultry Production: 

Implementation Through Integrated Poultry Companies. Poult.Sci. 65: 675-682. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,DPC,CPC,WFN,BDL,CLC,BML; Rejection Code: NO 

CONC/NO DURATION. 

 2. Arjo, Wendy M. and Nolte, D. L. Dale L. (2004). Assessing the efficacy of registered underground baiting 

products for mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) control. Crop Protection 23: 425-430. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: ZnP; Rejection Code: INCIDENT. 

The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is a fossorial rodent species endemic to the Pacific Northwest and 

portions of California. This herbivore inflicts millions of dollars of damage annually to forest seedling 

plantations. Currently, extensive trapping prior to planting is the most reliable method for reducing damage. 

With increasing restrictions placed on trapping, forest resource managers need alternative tools to minimize 

forest damage. This study assessed the potential of four toxicants registered for underground use to control 

mountain beaver; zinc phosphide, diphacinone, chlorophacinone, and strychnine. Zinc phosphide and 

strychnine are acute toxicants, whereas diphacinone and chlorophacinone are anticoagulants. Anticoagulants 

prevent the recycling of vitamin K in the body, which inhibits the production of clotting factors. Efficacy 

varied among treatments. Zinc phosphide and strychnine were avoided by mountain beaver. Pre-baiting 

marginally increased acceptance of strychnine, but did not alter mountain beaver acceptance of zinc 

phosphide. Diphacinone and chlorophacinone were both readily consumed, but only chlorophacinone was 

100% effective after a 14-day baiting regime. Subsequently, we tested the effects of diet on the efficacy of 

diphacinone by varying the availability of food containing vitamin K, the anticoagulant antidote. Restricting 

access to potential sources of vitamin K appeared to increase efficacy. We conclude that anticoagulants hold 

some promise as additional tools for managers to reduce mountain beaver populations with chlorophacinone 

showing the most promise. However, limitations to anticoagulant baits include the necessity of long-term 

baiting (greater than 10 days), a possible decrease in toxicity if baits contact moisture, and potential primary 

hazards. 

 3. Arjo, Wendy M. and Nolte, D. L. Dale L. (2004). Assessing the efficacy of registered underground baiting 

products for mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) control. Crop Protection 23: 425-430. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: INCIDENT. 

The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is a fossorial rodent species endemic to the Pacific Northwest and 

portions of California. This herbivore inflicts millions of dollars of damage annually to forest seedling 

plantations. Currently, extensive trapping prior to planting is the most reliable method for reducing damage. 

With increasing restrictions placed on trapping, forest resource managers need alternative tools to minimize 

forest damage. This study assessed the potential of four toxicants registered for underground use to control 
mountain beaver; zinc phosphide, diphacinone, chlorophacinone, and strychnine. Zinc phosphide and 

strychnine are acute toxicants, whereas diphacinone and chlorophacinone are anticoagulants. Anticoagulants 

prevent the recycling of vitamin K in the body, which inhibits the production of clotting factors. Efficacy 

varied among treatments. Zinc phosphide and strychnine were avoided by mountain beaver. Pre-baiting 

marginally increased acceptance of strychnine, but did not alter mountain beaver acceptance of zinc 

phosphide. Diphacinone and chlorophacinone were both readily consumed, but only chlorophacinone was 

100% effective after a 14-day baiting regime. Subsequently, we tested the effects of diet on the efficacy of 

diphacinone by varying the availability of food containing vitamin K, the anticoagulant antidote. Restricting 

access to potential sources of vitamin K appeared to increase efficacy. We conclude that anticoagulants hold 

some promise as additional tools for managers to reduce mountain beaver populations with chlorophacinone 

showing the most promise. However, limitations to anticoagulant baits include the necessity of long-term 

baiting (greater than 10 days), a possible decrease in toxicity if baits contact moisture, and potential primary 

hazards. 

 4. Arjo, Wendy M. and Nolte, D. L. Dale L. (2004). Assessing the efficacy of registered underground baiting 

products for mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) control. Crop Protection 23: 425-430. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: INCIDENT. 

The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is a fossorial rodent species endemic to the Pacific Northwest and 

portions of California. This herbivore inflicts millions of dollars of damage annually to forest seedling 

plantations. Currently, extensive trapping prior to planting is the most reliable method for reducing damage. 

With increasing restrictions placed on trapping, forest resource managers need alternative tools to minimize 

forest damage. This study assessed the potential of four toxicants registered for underground use to control 

mountain beaver; zinc phosphide, diphacinone, chlorophacinone, and strychnine. Zinc phosphide and 

strychnine are acute toxicants, whereas diphacinone and chlorophacinone are anticoagulants. Anticoagulants 

prevent the recycling of vitamin K in the body, which inhibits the production of clotting factors. Efficacy 

varied among treatments. Zinc phosphide and strychnine were avoided by mountain beaver. Pre-baiting 

marginally increased acceptance of strychnine, but did not alter mountain beaver acceptance of zinc 

phosphide. Diphacinone and chlorophacinone were both readily consumed, but only chlorophacinone was 

100% effective after a 14-day baiting regime. Subsequently, we tested the effects of diet on the efficacy of 

diphacinone by varying the availability of food containing vitamin K, the anticoagulant antidote. Restricting 

access to potential sources of vitamin K appeared to increase efficacy. We conclude that anticoagulants hold 

some promise as additional tools for managers to reduce mountain beaver populations with chlorophacinone 

showing the most promise. However, limitations to anticoagulant baits include the necessity of long-term 

baiting (greater than 10 days), a possible decrease in toxicity if baits contact moisture, and potential primary 

hazards. 

 5. Arjo, Wendy M. and Nolte, D. L. Dale L. (2004). Assessing the efficacy of registered underground baiting 

products for mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) control. Crop Protection 23: 425-430. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DPC; Rejection Code: INCIDENT. 

The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa) is a fossorial rodent species endemic to the Pacific Northwest and 

portions of California. This herbivore inflicts millions of dollars of damage annually to forest seedling 

plantations. Currently, extensive trapping prior to planting is the most reliable method for reducing damage. 

With increasing restrictions placed on trapping, forest resource managers need alternative tools to minimize 

forest damage. This study assessed the potential of four toxicants registered for underground use to control 

mountain beaver; zinc phosphide, diphacinone, chlorophacinone, and strychnine. Zinc phosphide and 

strychnine are acute toxicants, whereas diphacinone and chlorophacinone are anticoagulants. Anticoagulants 

prevent the recycling of vitamin K in the body, which inhibits the production of clotting factors. Efficacy 

varied among treatments. Zinc phosphide and strychnine were avoided by mountain beaver. Pre-baiting 

marginally increased acceptance of strychnine, but did not alter mountain beaver acceptance of zinc 

phosphide. Diphacinone and chlorophacinone were both readily consumed, but only chlorophacinone was 

100% effective after a 14-day baiting regime. Subsequently, we tested the effects of diet on the efficacy of 

diphacinone by varying the availability of food containing vitamin K, the anticoagulant antidote. Restricting 

access to potential sources of vitamin K appeared to increase efficacy. We conclude that anticoagulants hold 

some promise as additional tools for managers to reduce mountain beaver populations with chlorophacinone 
showing the most promise. However, limitations to anticoagulant baits include the necessity of long-term 

baiting (greater than 10 days), a possible decrease in toxicity if baits contact moisture, and potential primary 

hazards. 

 6. ASKHAM LR (1985). MECHANICAL EVALUATION OF THE WEATHERABILITY OF 

PELLETIZED RODENTICIDES. INT PEST CONTROL; 27 (6). 1985 (RECD. 1986). 138-140.

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDC,DPC,CPC,ZNP; Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BAIT FORMULATION Climate/ Ecology/ Meteorological 

Factors/ Animals, Wild/ Conservation of Natural Resources/ Ecology/ Biochemistry/ Poisoning/ Animals, 

Laboratory/ Disinfection/ Pest Control/ Disease Vectors/ Pesticides/ Disease Vectors/ Herbicides/ Pest 

Control/ Pesticides 

 7. Bennett, B. R. and Grimes, G. S. (1982). Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 

Chlorophacinone and Diphacinone in Bait Formulations. J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem. 65: 927-929. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 35801 

Chemical of Concern: DPC,CPC; Rejection Code: NO SPECIES. 

 8. BUCKLE AP (1994). RODENT CONTROL METHODS CHEMICAL. BUCKLE, A. P. AND R. H. 

SMITH (ED.). RODENT PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL. X+405P. CAB INTERNATIONAL: 

WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND, UK. ISBN 0-85198-820-2.; 0 127-160. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,WFN,ZNP,DFT ; Rejection Code: METHODS. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK CHAPTER RODENTICIDE POISON BAIT 

ANTICOAGULANT FUMIGANT Animals, Wild/ Conservation of Natural Resources/ Ecology/ 

Biochemistry/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Mammals/ Rodentia 

 9. BUCKLE AP (1994). RODENT CONTROL METHODS CHEMICAL. BUCKLE, A. P. AND R. H. 

SMITH (ED.). RODENT PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL. X+405P. CAB INTERNATIONAL: 

WALLINGFORD, ENGLAND, UK. ISBN 0-85198-820-2.; 0 127-160. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,WFN,ZNP,DFT ; Rejection Code: METHODS. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK CHAPTER RODENTICIDE POISON BAIT 

ANTICOAGULANT FUMIGANT Animals, Wild/ Conservation of Natural Resources/ Ecology/ 

Biochemistry/ Poisoning/ Animals, Laboratory/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Mammals/ Rodentia 

 10. Bullard, R. W., Holguin, G., and Peterson, J. E. (1975). Determination of Chlorophacinone and 

Diphenadione Residues in Biological Materials. J.Agric.Food Chem. 23: 72-74. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 36003 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: IN VITRO. 

 11. Bullard, R. W., Holguin, G., and Peterson, J. E. (1975). Determination of Chlorophacinone and 

Diphenadione Residues in Biological Materials. J.Agric.Food Chem. 23: 72-74. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 36003 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: IN VITRO. 

 12. Chardard, D. and Dournon, C. (1999). Sex reversal by aromatase inhibitor treatment in the newt 

Pleurodeles waltl. J Exp Zool 283: 43-50. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT. 

CAS Registry Number EC-1-14-13-- (Aromatase); 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Estrogen Antagonists); 0 

(Estrogens); 102676-47-1 (Fadrozole); 22916-47-8 (Miconazole). Pleurodeles waltl is a newt with a ZZ maleZW female sex determination mechanism, and a temperature-sensitive gonadal sex differentiation. Raising 
larvae at 32 degrees C from stage 42 to stage 54 (thermosensitive period) drives genetic females to 

differentiate into functional males. Estrogens are intimately linked with temperature action in this species, as 

well as in other vertebrates with temperature-dependent sex determination. We report here the 

masculinization of female ZW larvae and one WW larva by aromatase inhibitor treatment. Larvae were 

treated from stage 52 (before the onset of histological differentiation of the gonads) to stage 56 

(metamorphosis), with the non-steroidal inhibitors fadrozole or miconazole. Miconazole proved to be very 

toxic, but not fadrozole. Fadrozole at a concentration of 300 micrograms/l in the rearing water resulted in 

complete sex reversal of 9 out of 30 ZW larvae and 1 out 9 WW larvae. Only one individual (ZW) was 

intersex, all the remainder being typical females. Gonadal aromatase activity was measured in several 

individuals at different developmental stages during treatment. The activity was low in all individuals at the 

beginning of the treatment, but varied strongly and was well correlated with gonadal structure at the end of 

the treatment. Despite these differences in individual responses to treatment inhibiting aromatase, results 

confirm the important role of estrogens in ovary differentiation in Pleurodeles waltl 

 13. Chardard, D. and Dournon, C. (1999). Sex reversal by aromatase inhibitor treatment in the newt 

Pleurodeles waltl. J Exp Zool 283: 43-50. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT. 

CAS Registry Number EC-1-14-13-- (Aromatase); 0 (Antifungal Agents); 0 (Estrogen Antagonists); 0 

(Estrogens); 102676-47-1 (Fadrozole); 22916-47-8 (Miconazole). Pleurodeles waltl is a newt with a ZZ maleZW female sex determination mechanism, and a temperature-sensitive gonadal sex differentiation. Raising 

larvae at 32 degrees C from stage 42 to stage 54 (thermosensitive period) drives genetic females to 

differentiate into functional males. Estrogens are intimately linked with temperature action in this species, as 

well as in other vertebrates with temperature-dependent sex determination. We report here the 

masculinization of female ZW larvae and one WW larva by aromatase inhibitor treatment. Larvae were 

treated from stage 52 (before the onset of histological differentiation of the gonads) to stage 56 

(metamorphosis), with the non-steroidal inhibitors fadrozole or miconazole. Miconazole proved to be very 

toxic, but not fadrozole. Fadrozole at a concentration of 300 micrograms/l in the rearing water resulted in 

complete sex reversal of 9 out of 30 ZW larvae and 1 out 9 WW larvae. Only one individual (ZW) was 

intersex, all the remainder being typical females. Gonadal aromatase activity was measured in several 

individuals at different developmental stages during treatment. The activity was low in all individuals at the 

beginning of the treatment, but varied strongly and was well correlated with gonadal structure at the end of 

the treatment. Despite these differences in individual responses to treatment inhibiting aromatase, results 

confirm the important role of estrogens in ovary differentiation in Pleurodeles waltl 

 14. Dijkman, G. A., Fernandez, del Moral, Bruynseels, J., de Porre, P., Denis, L., and Debruyne, F. M. (1997).

Liarozole (R75251) in hormone-resistant prostate cancer patients. Prostate 33: 31. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: DRUG/HUMAN HEALTH. 

CAS Registry Number EC-3-4-21-77 (Prostate-Specific Antigen); 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal); 0 

(Hormones); 0 (Imidazoles); 115575-11-6 (liarozole). BACKGROUND: Liarozole is an imidazole derivative 

that has been identified as an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450-dependent all-trans retinoid acid (RA) 

breakdown. RA is one of the principal endogenous compounds that controls growth and differentiation of 

epithelial tissues in mammals. METHODS: Fifty-five patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer in 

progression, following at least first-line androgen ablation therapy, were evaluated. Thirty-one patients were 

treated with liarozole 300 mg b.i.d., while 24 patients started with 150 mg b.i.d., which was increased to 300 

mg b.i.d. after 4 or 8 weeks. Two patients were not evaluable because they withdrew after initial consent. The 

WHO performance status was 0 (n = 18), 1 (n = 22), 2 (n = 17), and 3 (n = 6). Most patients (80%) used 

analgesics. RESULTS: For 11 out of the 53 patients, treatment lasted less than 1 month (they were therefore 

not evaluable for response) due to: poor compliance (n = 1); early death (n = 3); side-effects (n = 2); and 

decline of physical condition and continuous progression (n = 4). One patient refused to report for follow-up. 

In all responders, except one, the dose was increased to 300 mg b.i.d. In 23 of the 42 patients evaluable for 

response, the pain score improved. In 5 patients the pain score had reduced from 2 or 3 to 0. In 11 out of the 

42 patients there was a 1-point improvement of WHO performance status. The prostatic-specific antigen 

(PSA) response rate was 41%; 15 out of 42 evaluable patients presented a decrease of > or = 50%, whereas 

PSA normalized in 2 further patients. Most of the side effects mimicked retinoid acid toxicity: cutaneous 
manifestations (such as dry skin, dry lips, sticky skin, brittle nails, erythema, or itch). All patients experienced 

one or more of these side effects. Other side effects include nausea, fatigue, and slight alopecia. 

CONCLUSIONS: Liarozole can be an enrichment of the therapeutic armamentarium for treatment of 

hormone-resistant prostate cancer patients after first-line androgen ablation therapy without serious toxicity 

 15. ELLIOTT AC (1995). RODENTICIDES. GODFREY, C. R. A. (ED.). AGROCHEMICALS FROM 

NATURAL PRODUCTS. X+418P. MARCEL DEKKER, INC.: NEW YORK, NEW YORK, USA; BASEL, 

SWITZERLAND. ISBN 0-8247-9553-9.; 0: 341-368. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,WRN,ZPN,CLC ; Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW NATURAL 

PRODUCT Biochemistry/ Biophysics/ Macromolecular Systems/ Molecular Biology/ Biophysics/ 

Plants/Chemistry/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Rodentia 

 16. ELLIOTT AC (1995). RODENTICIDES. GODFREY, C. R. A. (ED.). AGROCHEMICALS FROM 

NATURAL PRODUCTS. X+418P. MARCEL DEKKER, INC.: NEW YORK, NEW YORK, USA; BASEL, 

SWITZERLAND. ISBN 0-8247-9553-9.; 0: 341-368. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,WRN,ZPN,CLC ; Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW NATURAL 

PRODUCT Biochemistry/ Biophysics/ Macromolecular Systems/ Molecular Biology/ Biophysics/ 

Plants/Chemistry/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Rodentia 

 17. Fiedler, L. A. (1988). Rodent Pest Problems and Management in Eastern Africa. FAO Plant Prot.Bull.

36: 125-134. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 75721 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,Tl,NaFA,ZnP,WFN,CPC,RSG; Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

 18. Fiedler, L. A. (1988). Rodent Pest Problems and Management in Eastern Africa. FAO Plant Prot.Bull.

36: 125-134. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 75721 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,Tl,NaFA,ZnP,WFN,CPC,RSG; Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

 19. Fiedler, L. A. (1988). Rodent Pest Problems and Management in Eastern Africa. FAO Plant Prot.Bull.

36: 125-134. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 75721 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,Tl,NaFA,ZnP,WFN,CPC,RSG; Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

 20. Fiedler, L. A. (1988). Rodent Pest Problems and Management in Eastern Africa. FAO Plant Prot.Bull.

36: 125-134. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 75721 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,Tl,NaFA,ZnP,WFN,CPC,RSG; Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

 21. GORNIK, A. and BILITSER, N. (1992). OBSERVATION OF TREATMENTS FOR THE 

PREVENTION OF SILVER SPOTS AND VIRUSES IN SQUASH. PHYTOPARASITICA; 20: 243. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: ABSTRACT. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT BEMISIA-TABACI FENPROPATHRIN 

ENDOSULFAN VIROL OIL KARATE VECTOR CONTROL Congresses/ Biology/ Biochemistry/ Plant 

Viruses/ Vegetables/ Plant Diseases/ Viruses/ Plant Diseases/ Preventive Medicine/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ 

Pesticides/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Plants/ Plant Viruses/ Plants/ Insects 
 22. GORNIK, A. and BILITSER, N. (1992). OBSERVATION OF TREATMENTS FOR THE 

PREVENTION OF SILVER SPOTS AND VIRUSES IN SQUASH. PHYTOPARASITICA; 20: 243. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: ABSTRACT. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT BEMISIA-TABACI FENPROPATHRIN 

ENDOSULFAN VIROL OIL KARATE VECTOR CONTROL Congresses/ Biology/ Biochemistry/ Plant 

Viruses/ Vegetables/ Plant Diseases/ Viruses/ Plant Diseases/ Preventive Medicine/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ 

Pesticides/ Arachnida/ Entomology/Economics/ Plants/ Plant Viruses/ Plants/ Insects 

 23. Grolleau, G. and Paris, G. (1975). Essais d'Intoxication du Canard Col-Vert Anas platyrhynchos L. a 

l'Aide du Coumafene et du Chlorophacinone. Ann.Zool.-Ecol.Anim. 7: 553-556. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 36889 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH. 

 24. Hoffmann, Michael P., Gardner, Jeffrey, and Curtis, Paul D (20031023). Fiber-supported pesticidal 

compositions. 41 pp. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: SPM,BDL; Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

The invention provides fibrous pest deterrents that combine the useful properties of a phys. barrier in the form 

of a nonwoven fibrous matrix with a chem. deterrent such as a pesticide, behavior-modifying compd. or a pest 

repellent. The use of such fibrous pest deterrents protects plants, animals and structures in both agricultural 

and nonagricultural settings from damage inflicted by pests. Unlike traditional pesticides, the behaviormodifying compd., pesticide or chem. deterrent of the invention is adsorbed or attached to a fibrous matrix, 

and so it is not so readily dispersed into the environment. Hence, use of the fibrous pest deterrents can reduce 

the levels of pesticides that inadvertently contaminate nontarget areas and pollute water supplies. [on 

SciFinder (R)] fiber/ supported/ pesticide/ compn Copyright: Copyright 2004 ACS on SciFinder (R)) 

Database: CAPLUS 

Accession Number: AN 2003:836400 

Chemical Abstracts Number: CAN 139:318718 

Section Code: 5-4 

Section Title: Agrochemical Bioregulators 

Coden: USXXCO 

Index Terms: Glycols Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (alyplastic, fiber; support for 

pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyester fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) 

(arom.; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Naphthenic acids Role: BUU (Biological use, 

unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (copper salts, mammal repellent; fiber-supported pestbehavior-modifying compn.); Anethum graveolens; Insect attractants; Insect feeding inhibitors; Insect 

repellents; Nepeta cataria; Piper; Repellents; Zingiber officinale (fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying 

compn.); Allomones; Kairomones; Monoterpenes; Phenols; Pheromones Role: BUU (Biological use, 

unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 

Bacillus thuringiensis; Pesticides; Quassia; Schoenocaulon (fiber-supported pesticidal compn.); Pyrethrins 

Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (fiber-supported 

pesticidal compn.); Fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (fiber-supported pesticidal 

compn.); Albumins; Collagens; Gelatins; Neoprene rubber; Ovalbumin; Polyamides; Polyanhydrides; 

Polycarbonates; Polyoxyalkylenes; Polysiloxanes; Polyurethane fibers; Rayon Role: MOA (Modifier or 

additive use), USES (Uses) (fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyesters Role: MOA 

(Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (glycolide-based, fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying 

compn.); Polyesters Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (hydroxycarboxylic acid-based, 

fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyesters Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES 

(Uses) (lactide, fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Capsicum annuum annuum (longum 

group, paprika; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Capsicum annuum annuum (longum 

group; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyethers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), 

USES (Uses) (polyamide-, fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Synthetic polymeric fibers 

Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (polyamide-polyethers; support for pest-behaviormodifying compn.); Synthetic polymeric fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) 
(polycarbonates; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyamide fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or 

additive use), USES (Uses) (polyether-; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Aves (repellents; 

fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Insecticides (sterilants; fiber-supported pest-behaviormodifying compn.); Polyester fibers; Polyolefin fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) 

(support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Naphthenic acids Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), 

BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (zinc salts, mammal repellent; fiber-supported pest-behaviormodifying compn.) 

CAS Registry Numbers: 84-65-1 (Anthraquinone); 137-30-4 (Ziram.); 333-41-5 (Diazinon); 1332-40-7 

(Copper oxychloride); 2032-65-7 (Methiocarb); 12407-86-2 (Trimethacarb); 15879-93-3 (Chloralose); 

108173-90-6 (Guazatine) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) 

(bird repellent; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 57-50-1D (Sugar); 58-08-2 (, Caffein); 

404-86-4 (Capsaicin) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) 

(fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 50-14-6 (> Ergocalciferol); 50-29-3 (DDT); 52-68-6 

(Trichlorfon); 52-85-7 (Famphur); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 55-38-9 (Fenthion); 55-98-1 (Busulfan); 56-23-5 

(Carbon tetrachloride); 56-38-2 (Parathion); 56-72-4 (Coumaphos); 56-75-7 (Chloramphenicol); 57-24-9 

(Strychnine); 58-89-9 (Lindane); 60-51-5 (Dimethoate); 60-57-1 (Dieldrin); 62-73-7 (Dichlorvos); 62-74-8 

(Sodium fluoroacetate); 63-25-2 (Carbaryl); 67-66-3 (Chloroform); 70-38-2 (Dimethrin); 70-43-9 (Barthrin); 

71-55-6 (Methylchloroform); 72-43-5 (Methoxychlor); 74-83-9 (Methyl bromide); 74-90-8 (Hydrogen 

cyanide); 75-09-2 (Methylene chloride); 75-21-8 (Ethylene oxide); 76-06-2 (,Chloropicrin); 76-44-8 

(Heptachlor); 78-34-2 (Dioxathion); 78-53-5 (Amiton); 78-57-9 (Menazon); 78-87-5 (1,2-Dichloropropane); 

79-34-5 (Tetrachloroethane); 80-05-7 (Bisphenol A); 81-81-2 (Warfarin); 81-82-3 (Coumachlor); 82-66-6 

(Diphacinone); 83-26-1 (Pindone); 83-79-4 (Rotenone); 85-34-7 (Chlorfenac); 86-50-0 (Azinphosmethyl); 

86-88-4 (Antu); 87-86-5 (Pentachlorophenol); 91-20-3 (Naphthalene); 96-24-2 (a-Chlorohydrin); 97-11-0 

(Cyclethrin); 97-17-6 (Dichlofenthion); 97-27-8 (Chlorbetamide); 104-29-0 (Chlorphenesin); 106-46-7 

(Paradichlorobenzene); 106-93-4 (Ethylene Dibromide); 107-06-2 (Ethylene dichloride); 107-13-1 

(Acrylonitrile); 109-94-4 (Ethyl formate); 114-26-1 (Propoxur); 115-90-2 (Fensulfothion); 115-93-5 

(Cythioate); 116-01-8 (Ethoatemethyl); 116-06-3 (Aldicarb); 118-75-2 (Chloranil); 119-12-0 

(Pyridaphenthion); 121-20-0 (Cinerin II); 121-21-1 (Pyrethrin I); 121-29-9 (Pyrethrin II); 121-75-5 

(Malathion); 122-14-5 (Fenitrothion); 122-15-6 (Dimetan); 126-22-7 (Butonate); 126-75-0 (Demeton-S); 

131-89-5 (Dinex); 133-06-2 (Captan); 133-90-4 (,Chloramben); 141-66-2 (Dicrotophos); 143-50-0 

(Chlordecone); 144-41-2 (Morphothion); 152-16-9 (Schradan); 288-14-2 (Isoxazole); 298-00-0 

(Parathionmethyl); 298-02-2 (Phorate); 298-03-3 (Demeton-O); 298-04-4 (Disulfoton); 299-84-3 

(Fenchlorphos); 299-86-5 (Crufomate); 300-76-5 (Naled); 301-12-2 (Oxydemetonmethyl); 302-04-5 

(Thiocyanate); 309-00-2 (Aldrin); 314-40-9 (Bromacil); 315-18-4 (Mexacarbate); 327-98-0 (Trichloronat); 

333-20-0 (Potassium thiocyanate); 370-50-3 (Flucofuron); 371-86-8 (Mipafox); 470-90-6 (Chlorfenvinphos); 

483-63-6 (Crotamiton); 485-31-4 (Binapacryl); 494-52-0 (Anabasine); 500-28-7 (Chlorothion.); 507-60-8 

(Scilliroside); 535-89-7 (Crimidine); 555-89-5 (Bis(p-chlorophenoxy)methane); 563-12-2 (Ethion); 572-48-5 

(Coumithoate); 584-79-2 (Bioallethrin); 640-15-3 (Thiometon); 640-19-7 (Fluoroacetamide); 644-06-4 

(Precocene II); 644-64-4 (Dimetilan); 671-04-5 (Carbanolate); 682-80-4 (Demephion-O); 732-11-6 

(Phosmet); 786-19-6 (Carbophenothion); 867-27-6 (Demeton-O-methyl); 919-54-0 (Acethion); 919-76-6 

(Amidithion); 919-86-8 (Demeton-S-methyl); 944-22-9 (FOnofos); 947-02-4 (Phosfolan); 950-10-7 

(Mephosfolan); 950-37-8 (Methidathion); 991-42-4 (Norbormide); 1113-02-6 (Omethoate); 1129-41-5 

(Metolcarb); 1172-63-0 (Jasmolin II); 1303-96-4 (Borax); 1314-84-7 (Zinc phosphide); 1327-53-3 (Arsenous 

oxide); 1344-81-6 (Calcium Polysulfide); 1403-17-4 (Candicidin); 1491-41-4 (Naftalofos); 1563-66-2 

(Carbofuran); 1563-67-3 (Decarbofuran); 1646-88-4 (Aldoxycarb); 1716-09-2 (Fenthionethyl); 2032-59-9 

(Aminocarb); 2104-96-3 (Bromophos); 2274-67-1 (Dimethylvinphos); 2275-14-1 (Phenkapton); 2275-18-5 

(Prothoate); 2275-23-2 (Vamidothion); 2310-17-0 (Phosalone); 2385-85-5 (Mirex); 2425-10-7 (Xylylcarb); 

2463-84-5 (Dicapthon); 2540-82-1 (Formothion); 2550-75-6 (Chlorbicyclen); 2587-90-8 (Demephion-S); 

2595-54-2 (Mecarbam); 2597-03-7 (Phenthoate); 2631-37-0 (Promecarb); 2631-40-5 (Isoprocarb); 2633-54-7 

(Trichlormetaphos-3); 2636-26-2 (Cyanophos); 2642-71-9 (Azinphosethyl); 2655-19-8 (Butacarb); 2669-32-1 

(Lythidathion); 2674-91-1 (Oxydeprofos); 2699-79-8 (Sulfuryl fluoride); 2778-04-3 (Endothion); 2921-88-2 

(Chlorpyrifos); 3383-96-8 (,Temephos); 3604-87-3 (.a.-Ecdysone); 3689-24-5 (Sulfotep); 3691-35-8 

(Chlorophacinone); 3734-95-0 (Cyanthoate); 3761-41-9 (,Mesulfenfos); 3766-81-2 (Fenobucarb); 3811-49-2 

(Dioxabenzofos); 4097-36-3 (Dinosam); 4104-14-7 (Phosacetim); 4151-50-2 (Sulfluramid); 4466-14-2 

(Jasmolin I); 4824-78-6 (Bromophosethyl); 5221-49-8 (Pyrimitate); 5598-13-0 (Chlorpyrifosmethyl); 5598-

52-7 (Fospirate); 5826-76-6 (Phosnichlor); 5834-96-8 (Azothoate); 5836-29-3 (Coumatetralyl); 5989-27-5; 
6164-98-3 (Chlordimeform); 6392-46-7 (Allyxycarb); 6923-22-4 (Monocrotophos); 6988-21-2 (Dioxacarb); 

7219-78-5 (Mazidox); 7257-41-2 (Dinoprop); 7292-16-2 (Propaphos); 7446-18-6 (Thallium sulfate); 7645-

25-2 (Lead arsenate); 7696-12-0 (Tetramethrin); 7700-17-6 (Crotoxyphos); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus); 7778-

44-1 (Calcium arsenate); 7786-34-7 (Mevinphos); 7803-51-2 (Phosphine); 8001-35-2 (Camphechlor); 8022-

00-2 (Demetonmethyl); 8065-36-9 (Bufencarb); 8065-48-3 (Demeton); 8065-62-1 (Demephion); 10112-91-1 

(Mercurous chloride); 10124-50-2 (Potassium Arsenite); 10265-92-6 (Methamidophos); 10311-84-9 

(Dialifos); 10453-86-8 (Resmethrin); 10537-47-0 (Malonoben); 10605-21-7 (Carbendazim); 11141-17-6 

(Azadirachtin); 12002-03-8 (C.I. Pigment Green 21); 12789-03-6 (Chlordane); 13067-93-1 (Cyanofenphos); 

13071-79-9 (Terbufos); 13171-21-6 (Phosphamidon); 13194-48-4 (Ethoprophos); 13457-18-6 (Pyrazophos); 

13464-37-4 (Sodium arsenite;); 13593-03-8 (Quinalphos); 13593-08-3 (Quinalphosmethyl); 13804-51-8 

(Juvenile hormone I); 14168-01-5 (Dilor); 14255-88-0 (Fenazaflor); 14816-16-1 (Phoximmethyl); 14816-18-

3 (Phoxim); 14816-20-7 (Chlorphoxim); 15096-52-3 (Cryolite); 15263-53-3 (Cartap); 15589-31-8 

(Terallethrin); 15662-33-6 (Ryania); 16752-77-5 (Methomyl); 16893-85-9 (Sodium hexafluorosilicate); 

16984-48-8 (Fluoride); 17080-02-3 (Furethrin); 17125-80-3 (Barium hexafluorosilicate); 17598-02-6 

(Precocene I); 17606-31-4 (Bensultap); 17702-57-7 (Formparanate); 18181-70-9 (Jodfenphos); 18181-80-1 

(Bromopropylate); 18854-01-8 (Isoxathion); 19691-80-6 (Athidathion); 20276-83-9 (Prothidathion); 20425-

39-2 (Pyresmethrin); 21548-32-3 (Fosthietan); 21609-90-5 (Leptophos); 22248-79-9 (>Tetrachlorvinphos); 

22259-30-9 (Formetanate); 22431-62-5 (Bioethanomethrin); 22439-40-3 (Quinothion); 22569-71-7 

(Phosphide); 22662-39-1 (Rafoxanide); 22781-23-3 (Bendiocarb); 22868-13-9 (Sodium Disulfide,<); 22963-

93-5 (Juvenile hormone III); 23031-36-9 (Prallethrin); 23103-98-2 (Pirimicarb); 23135-22-0 (Oxamyl); 

23505-41-1 (Pirimiphosethyl); 23526-02-5 (Thuringiensin,<); 23560-59-0 (Heptenophos); 24017-47-8 

(Triazophos); 24019-05-4 (Sulcofuron); 24934-91-6 (Chlormephos); 25171-63-5 (Thiocarboxime); 25311-

71-1 (Isofenphos); 25402-06-6 (Cinerin); 25601-84-7 (Methocrotophos); 26002-80-2 (Phenothrin); 26097-

80-3 (Cambendazole); 28434-01-7 (Bioresmethrin); 28772-56-7 (Bromadiolone); 29173-31-7 (Mecarphon); 

29232-93-7 (Pirimiphosmethyl); 29672-19-3 (Nitrilacarb); 29871-13-4 (Copper arsenate); 30087-47-9 

(Fenethacarb); 30560-19-1 (Acephate); 30864-28-9 (Methacrifos); 31218-83-4 (Propetamphos); 31377-69-2 

(Pirimetaphos); 31895-21-3 (Thiocyclam); 33089-61-1 (Amitraz); 33399-00-7 (Bromfenvinfos); 33629-47-9 

(Butralin); 34218-61-6 (Juvenile hormone II); 34264-24-9 (Promacyl); 34643-46-4 (Prothiofos); 34681-10-2 

(Butocarboxim); 34681-23-7 (Butoxycarboxim); 35367-31-8 (Penfluron); 35367-38-5 (Diflubenzuron); 

35400-43-2 (Sulprofos); 35575-96-3 (Azamethiphos); 35764-59-1 (Cismethrin); 36145-08-1 

(Chlorprazophos); 37032-15-8 (Sophamide); 38260-63-8 (Lirimfos); 38524-82-2 (Trifenofos); 38527-91-2 

(Etaphos); 39196-18-4 (Thiofanox); 39247-96-6 (Primidophos); 39515-40-7 (Cyphenothrin); 39515-41-8 

(Fenpropathrin); 40085-57-2 (Tazimcarb); 40596-69-8 (Methoprene); 40596-80-3 (Triprene); 40626-35-5 

(Heterophos); 41096-46-2 (Hydroprene); 41198-08-7 (Profenofos); 41219-31-2 (Dithicrofos); 41483-43-6 

(Bupirimate); 42509-80-8 (Isazofos); 42588-37-4 (Kinoprene); 50512-35-1; 51487-69-5 (Cloethocarb); 

51596-10-2 (Milbemectin); 51630-58-1 (Fenvalerate); 51877-74-8 (Biopermethrin); 52315-07-8 

(,Zetacypermethrin); 52645-53-1 (Permethrin); 52918-63-5 (Deltamethrin); 53558-25-1 (Pyrinuron); 54406-

48-3 (Empenthrin); 54593-83-8 (Chlorethoxyfos); 55179-31-2 (Bitertanol); 55285-14-8 (Carbosulfan); 

56073-07-5 (Difenacoum); 56073-10-0 (Brodifacoum); 56716-21-3 (Hyquincarb); 57808-65-8 (Closantel); 

58481-70-2 (Dicresyl); 58842-20-9 (Nithiazine); 59669-26-0 (Thiodicarb); 60238-56-4 (Chlorthiophos); 

60589-06-2 (Metoxadiazone); 60628-96-8 (Bifonazole); 61444-62-0 (Nifluridide); 61949-77-7 (TransPermethrin); 63333-35-7 (Bromethalin); 63771-69-7 (Zolaprofos); 63837-33-2 (Diofenolan); 63935-38-6 

(Cycloprothrin); 64628-44-0 (Triflumuron); 64902-72-3 (Chlorsulfuron); 65383-73-5 (Precocene III); 65400-

98-8 (Fenoxacrim); 65691-00-1 (Triarathene); 65907-30-4 (,Furathiocarb); 66215-27-8 (Cyromazine); 66230-

04-4 (Esfenvalerate); 66841-25-6 (Tralomethrin); 67485-29-4 (Hydramethylnon); 68359-37-5 

(Betacyfluthrin); 68523-18-2 (Fenpirithrin); 69327-76-0 (Buprofezin); 69409-94-5 (Fluvalinate); 70124-77-5 

(Flucythrinate); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); 71422-67-8 (Chlorfluazuron); 71697-59-1 (Thetacypermethrin); 

71751-41-2 (Abamectin); 72490-01-8 (Fenoxycarb); 72963-72-5 (Imiprothrin); 75867-00-4 (Fenfluthrin); 

79538-32-2 (Tefluthrin); 80060-09-9 (Diafenthiuron); 80844-07-1 (Etofenprox); 81613-59-4 (Flupropadine); 

82560-54-1 (Benfuracarb); 82657-04-3 (Bifenthrin); 83121-18-0 (Teflubenzuron); 83130-01-2 (Alanycarb); 

83733-82-8 (Fosmethilan); 86479-06-3 (Hexaflumuron); 89784-60-1 (Pyraclofos); 90035-08-8 

(Flocoumafen); 90338-20-8 (Butathiofos); 95465-99-9 (Cadusafos); 95737-68-1 (Pyriproxyfen); 96182-53-5 

(Tebupirimfos); 96489-71-3 (Pyridaben); 101007-06-1 (Acrinathrin); 101463-69-8 (,Flufenoxuron); 102851-

06-9 (Taufluvalinate); 103055-07-8 (Lufenuron); 103782-08-7 (Allosamidin); 104653-34-1 (Difethialone); 

105024-66-6 (Silafluofen); 105779-78-0 (Pyrimidifen); 107713-58-6 (Flufenprox); 111872-58-3 

(Halfenprox); 112143-82-5 (Triazamate.); 112226-61-6 (Halofenozide); 112410-23-8 (Tebufenozide); 
112636-83-6 (Dicyclanil); 113036-88-7 (Flucycloxuron); 116714-46-6 (NOvaluron); 117704-25-3 

(Doramectin); 118712-89-3 (Transfluthrin); 119168-77-3 (Tebufenpyrad); 119791-41-2 (Emamectin); 

120068-37-3 (Fipronil); 121451-02-3 (Noviflumuron); 122453-73-0 (Chlorfenapyr); 123997-26-2 

(Eprinomectin); 129558-76-5 (TOlfenpyrad); 143807-66-3 (Chromafenozide); 150824-47-8 (Nitenpyram); 

153719-23-4 (Thiamethoxam); 158062-67-0 (Flonicamid); 161050-58-4 (Methoxyfenozide); 165252-70-0 

(Dinotefuran); 168316-95-8 (Spinosad); 170015-32-4 (Flufenerim); 173584-44-6 (Indoxacarb); 179101-81-6 

(Pyridalyl); 181587-01-9 (Ethiprole); 201593-84-2 (Bistrifluron); 209861-58-5 (Acetoprole); 210880-92-5 

(Clothianidin); 220119-17-5 (Selamectin); 223419-20-3 (Profluthrin); 240494-70-6 (Metofluthrin); 283594-

90-1 (Spiromesifen) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) 

(fiber-supported pesticidal compn.); 51-79-6 (Urethane); 78-79-5 (Isoprene); 108-05-4 (Vinyl acetate); 7782-

42-5 (Graphite); 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene); 9002-89-5 (Poly(vinyl alcohol); 9003-05-8; 9003-39-8 

(Poly(vinylpyrrolidone); 9003-53-6 (,Polystyrene); 9004-32-4 (Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt); 9004-

34-6D (Cellulose); 9004-65-3 (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); 9005-25-8 (Starch); 9005-32-7 (Alginic 

acid); 9005-49-6 (Heparin sulfate); 9007-28-7 (Chondroitin sulfate); 24980-41-4 (Polycaprolactone); 25085-

53-4 (Isotactic polypropylene); 25248-42-4 (Polycaprolactone); 25322-68-3 (Poly(ethylene oxide); 25702-74-

3 (Polysucrose); 25805-17-8 (Poly(ethyloxazoline); 26023-30-3 (Poly[oxy(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-ethanediyl)]); 

26100-51-6 (Polylactic acid); 26780-50-7 (Poly(Lactide-co-glycolide); 31621-87-1 (Polydioxanone) Role: 

MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 84-74-

2 (Dibutyl phthalate); 94-96-2 (Ethohexadiol); 131-11-3 (Dimethyl phthalate); 134-62-3 (DEET); 532-34-3 

(Butopyronoxyl); 3653-39-2 (,Hexamide); 19764-43-3 (Methoquin-butyl); 39589-98-5 (Dimethyl carbate); 

66257-53-2 (Oxamate); 105726-67-8 (Methylneodecanamide); 119515-38-7 (Picaridin) Role: BUU 

(Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (insect repellent; fiber-supported 

pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 7783-06-4 (Hydrogen sulfide) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), 

BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (mammal repellent; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying 

compn.); 9010-98-4 Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (neoprene rubber, fiber; support 

for pest-behavior-modifying compn.) 

Patent Application Country: Application: US 

Priority Application Country: US 

Priority Application Number: 2001-345349 

Priority Application Date: 20011025 

 25. Hoffmann, Michael P., Gardner, Jeffrey, and Curtis, Paul D (20031023). Fiber-supported pesticidal 

compositions. 41 pp. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: AZD,SPM; Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

The invention provides fibrous pest deterrents that combine the useful properties of a phys. barrier in the form 

of a nonwoven fibrous matrix with a chem. deterrent such as a pesticide, behavior-modifying compd. or a pest 

repellent. The use of such fibrous pest deterrents protects plants, animals and structures in both agricultural 

and nonagricultural settings from damage inflicted by pests. Unlike traditional pesticides, the behaviormodifying compd., pesticide or chem. deterrent of the invention is adsorbed or attached to a fibrous matrix, 

and so it is not so readily dispersed into the environment. Hence, use of the fibrous pest deterrents can reduce 

the levels of pesticides that inadvertently contaminate nontarget areas and pollute water supplies. [on 

SciFinder (R)] fiber/ supported/ pesticide/ compn Copyright: Copyright 2004 ACS on SciFinder (R)) 

Database: CAPLUS 

Accession Number: AN 2003:836400 

Chemical Abstracts Number: CAN 139:318718 

Section Code: 5-4 

Section Title: Agrochemical Bioregulators 

Coden: USXXCO 

Index Terms: Glycols Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (alyplastic, fiber; support for 

pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyester fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) 

(arom.; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Naphthenic acids Role: BUU (Biological use, 

unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (copper salts, mammal repellent; fiber-supported pestbehavior-modifying compn.); Anethum graveolens; Insect attractants; Insect feeding inhibitors; Insect 

repellents; Nepeta cataria; Piper; Repellents; Zingiber officinale (fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying 

compn.); Allomones; Kairomones; Monoterpenes; Phenols; Pheromones Role: BUU (Biological use, 
unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 

Bacillus thuringiensis; Pesticides; Quassia; Schoenocaulon (fiber-supported pesticidal compn.); Pyrethrins 

Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (fiber-supported 

pesticidal compn.); Fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (fiber-supported pesticidal 

compn.); Albumins; Collagens; Gelatins; Neoprene rubber; Ovalbumin; Polyamides; Polyanhydrides; 

Polycarbonates; Polyoxyalkylenes; Polysiloxanes; Polyurethane fibers; Rayon Role: MOA (Modifier or 

additive use), USES (Uses) (fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyesters Role: MOA 

(Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (glycolide-based, fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying 

compn.); Polyesters Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (hydroxycarboxylic acid-based, 

fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyesters Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES 

(Uses) (lactide, fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Capsicum annuum annuum (longum 

group, paprika; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Capsicum annuum annuum (longum 

group; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyethers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), 

USES (Uses) (polyamide-, fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Synthetic polymeric fibers 

Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (polyamide-polyethers; support for pest-behaviormodifying compn.); Synthetic polymeric fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) 

(polycarbonates; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Polyamide fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or 

additive use), USES (Uses) (polyether-; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Aves (repellents; 

fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Insecticides (sterilants; fiber-supported pest-behaviormodifying compn.); Polyester fibers; Polyolefin fibers Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) 

(support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); Naphthenic acids Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), 

BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (zinc salts, mammal repellent; fiber-supported pest-behaviormodifying compn.) 

CAS Registry Numbers: 84-65-1 (Anthraquinone); 137-30-4 (Ziram.); 333-41-5 (Diazinon); 1332-40-7 

(Copper oxychloride); 2032-65-7 (Methiocarb); 12407-86-2 (Trimethacarb); 15879-93-3 (Chloralose); 

108173-90-6 (Guazatine) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) 

(bird repellent; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 57-50-1D (Sugar); 58-08-2 (, Caffein); 

404-86-4 (Capsaicin) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) 

(fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 50-14-6 (> Ergocalciferol); 50-29-3 (DDT); 52-68-6 

(Trichlorfon); 52-85-7 (Famphur); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 55-38-9 (Fenthion); 55-98-1 (Busulfan); 56-23-5 

(Carbon tetrachloride); 56-38-2 (Parathion); 56-72-4 (Coumaphos); 56-75-7 (Chloramphenicol); 57-24-9 

(Strychnine); 58-89-9 (Lindane); 60-51-5 (Dimethoate); 60-57-1 (Dieldrin); 62-73-7 (Dichlorvos); 62-74-8 

(Sodium fluoroacetate); 63-25-2 (Carbaryl); 67-66-3 (Chloroform); 70-38-2 (Dimethrin); 70-43-9 (Barthrin); 

71-55-6 (Methylchloroform); 72-43-5 (Methoxychlor); 74-83-9 (Methyl bromide); 74-90-8 (Hydrogen 

cyanide); 75-09-2 (Methylene chloride); 75-21-8 (Ethylene oxide); 76-06-2 (,Chloropicrin); 76-44-8 

(Heptachlor); 78-34-2 (Dioxathion); 78-53-5 (Amiton); 78-57-9 (Menazon); 78-87-5 (1,2-Dichloropropane); 

79-34-5 (Tetrachloroethane); 80-05-7 (Bisphenol A); 81-81-2 (Warfarin); 81-82-3 (Coumachlor); 82-66-6 

(Diphacinone); 83-26-1 (Pindone); 83-79-4 (Rotenone); 85-34-7 (Chlorfenac); 86-50-0 (Azinphosmethyl); 

86-88-4 (Antu); 87-86-5 (Pentachlorophenol); 91-20-3 (Naphthalene); 96-24-2 (a-Chlorohydrin); 97-11-0 

(Cyclethrin); 97-17-6 (Dichlofenthion); 97-27-8 (Chlorbetamide); 104-29-0 (Chlorphenesin); 106-46-7 

(Paradichlorobenzene); 106-93-4 (Ethylene Dibromide); 107-06-2 (Ethylene dichloride); 107-13-1 

(Acrylonitrile); 109-94-4 (Ethyl formate); 114-26-1 (Propoxur); 115-90-2 (Fensulfothion); 115-93-5 

(Cythioate); 116-01-8 (Ethoatemethyl); 116-06-3 (Aldicarb); 118-75-2 (Chloranil); 119-12-0 

(Pyridaphenthion); 121-20-0 (Cinerin II); 121-21-1 (Pyrethrin I); 121-29-9 (Pyrethrin II); 121-75-5 

(Malathion); 122-14-5 (Fenitrothion); 122-15-6 (Dimetan); 126-22-7 (Butonate); 126-75-0 (Demeton-S); 

131-89-5 (Dinex); 133-06-2 (Captan); 133-90-4 (,Chloramben); 141-66-2 (Dicrotophos); 143-50-0 

(Chlordecone); 144-41-2 (Morphothion); 152-16-9 (Schradan); 288-14-2 (Isoxazole); 298-00-0 

(Parathionmethyl); 298-02-2 (Phorate); 298-03-3 (Demeton-O); 298-04-4 (Disulfoton); 299-84-3 

(Fenchlorphos); 299-86-5 (Crufomate); 300-76-5 (Naled); 301-12-2 (Oxydemetonmethyl); 302-04-5 

(Thiocyanate); 309-00-2 (Aldrin); 314-40-9 (Bromacil); 315-18-4 (Mexacarbate); 327-98-0 (Trichloronat); 

333-20-0 (Potassium thiocyanate); 370-50-3 (Flucofuron); 371-86-8 (Mipafox); 470-90-6 (Chlorfenvinphos); 

483-63-6 (Crotamiton); 485-31-4 (Binapacryl); 494-52-0 (Anabasine); 500-28-7 (Chlorothion.); 507-60-8 

(Scilliroside); 535-89-7 (Crimidine); 555-89-5 (Bis(p-chlorophenoxy)methane); 563-12-2 (Ethion); 572-48-5 

(Coumithoate); 584-79-2 (Bioallethrin); 640-15-3 (Thiometon); 640-19-7 (Fluoroacetamide); 644-06-4 

(Precocene II); 644-64-4 (Dimetilan); 671-04-5 (Carbanolate); 682-80-4 (Demephion-O); 732-11-6 

(Phosmet); 786-19-6 (Carbophenothion); 867-27-6 (Demeton-O-methyl); 919-54-0 (Acethion); 919-76-6 
(Amidithion); 919-86-8 (Demeton-S-methyl); 944-22-9 (FOnofos); 947-02-4 (Phosfolan); 950-10-7 

(Mephosfolan); 950-37-8 (Methidathion); 991-42-4 (Norbormide); 1113-02-6 (Omethoate); 1129-41-5 

(Metolcarb); 1172-63-0 (Jasmolin II); 1303-96-4 (Borax); 1314-84-7 (Zinc phosphide); 1327-53-3 (Arsenous 

oxide); 1344-81-6 (Calcium Polysulfide); 1403-17-4 (Candicidin); 1491-41-4 (Naftalofos); 1563-66-2 

(Carbofuran); 1563-67-3 (Decarbofuran); 1646-88-4 (Aldoxycarb); 1716-09-2 (Fenthionethyl); 2032-59-9 

(Aminocarb); 2104-96-3 (Bromophos); 2274-67-1 (Dimethylvinphos); 2275-14-1 (Phenkapton); 2275-18-5 

(Prothoate); 2275-23-2 (Vamidothion); 2310-17-0 (Phosalone); 2385-85-5 (Mirex); 2425-10-7 (Xylylcarb); 

2463-84-5 (Dicapthon); 2540-82-1 (Formothion); 2550-75-6 (Chlorbicyclen); 2587-90-8 (Demephion-S); 

2595-54-2 (Mecarbam); 2597-03-7 (Phenthoate); 2631-37-0 (Promecarb); 2631-40-5 (Isoprocarb); 2633-54-7 

(Trichlormetaphos-3); 2636-26-2 (Cyanophos); 2642-71-9 (Azinphosethyl); 2655-19-8 (Butacarb); 2669-32-1 

(Lythidathion); 2674-91-1 (Oxydeprofos); 2699-79-8 (Sulfuryl fluoride); 2778-04-3 (Endothion); 2921-88-2 

(Chlorpyrifos); 3383-96-8 (,Temephos); 3604-87-3 (.a.-Ecdysone); 3689-24-5 (Sulfotep); 3691-35-8 

(Chlorophacinone); 3734-95-0 (Cyanthoate); 3761-41-9 (,Mesulfenfos); 3766-81-2 (Fenobucarb); 3811-49-2 

(Dioxabenzofos); 4097-36-3 (Dinosam); 4104-14-7 (Phosacetim); 4151-50-2 (Sulfluramid); 4466-14-2 

(Jasmolin I); 4824-78-6 (Bromophosethyl); 5221-49-8 (Pyrimitate); 5598-13-0 (Chlorpyrifosmethyl); 5598-

52-7 (Fospirate); 5826-76-6 (Phosnichlor); 5834-96-8 (Azothoate); 5836-29-3 (Coumatetralyl); 5989-27-5; 

6164-98-3 (Chlordimeform); 6392-46-7 (Allyxycarb); 6923-22-4 (Monocrotophos); 6988-21-2 (Dioxacarb); 

7219-78-5 (Mazidox); 7257-41-2 (Dinoprop); 7292-16-2 (Propaphos); 7446-18-6 (Thallium sulfate); 7645-

25-2 (Lead arsenate); 7696-12-0 (Tetramethrin); 7700-17-6 (Crotoxyphos); 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus); 7778-

44-1 (Calcium arsenate); 7786-34-7 (Mevinphos); 7803-51-2 (Phosphine); 8001-35-2 (Camphechlor); 8022-

00-2 (Demetonmethyl); 8065-36-9 (Bufencarb); 8065-48-3 (Demeton); 8065-62-1 (Demephion); 10112-91-1 

(Mercurous chloride); 10124-50-2 (Potassium Arsenite); 10265-92-6 (Methamidophos); 10311-84-9 

(Dialifos); 10453-86-8 (Resmethrin); 10537-47-0 (Malonoben); 10605-21-7 (Carbendazim); 11141-17-6 

(Azadirachtin); 12002-03-8 (C.I. Pigment Green 21); 12789-03-6 (Chlordane); 13067-93-1 (Cyanofenphos); 

13071-79-9 (Terbufos); 13171-21-6 (Phosphamidon); 13194-48-4 (Ethoprophos); 13457-18-6 (Pyrazophos); 

13464-37-4 (Sodium arsenite;); 13593-03-8 (Quinalphos); 13593-08-3 (Quinalphosmethyl); 13804-51-8 

(Juvenile hormone I); 14168-01-5 (Dilor); 14255-88-0 (Fenazaflor); 14816-16-1 (Phoximmethyl); 14816-18-

3 (Phoxim); 14816-20-7 (Chlorphoxim); 15096-52-3 (Cryolite); 15263-53-3 (Cartap); 15589-31-8 

(Terallethrin); 15662-33-6 (Ryania); 16752-77-5 (Methomyl); 16893-85-9 (Sodium hexafluorosilicate); 

16984-48-8 (Fluoride); 17080-02-3 (Furethrin); 17125-80-3 (Barium hexafluorosilicate); 17598-02-6 

(Precocene I); 17606-31-4 (Bensultap); 17702-57-7 (Formparanate); 18181-70-9 (Jodfenphos); 18181-80-1 

(Bromopropylate); 18854-01-8 (Isoxathion); 19691-80-6 (Athidathion); 20276-83-9 (Prothidathion); 20425-

39-2 (Pyresmethrin); 21548-32-3 (Fosthietan); 21609-90-5 (Leptophos); 22248-79-9 (>Tetrachlorvinphos); 

22259-30-9 (Formetanate); 22431-62-5 (Bioethanomethrin); 22439-40-3 (Quinothion); 22569-71-7 

(Phosphide); 22662-39-1 (Rafoxanide); 22781-23-3 (Bendiocarb); 22868-13-9 (Sodium Disulfide,<); 22963-

93-5 (Juvenile hormone III); 23031-36-9 (Prallethrin); 23103-98-2 (Pirimicarb); 23135-22-0 (Oxamyl); 

23505-41-1 (Pirimiphosethyl); 23526-02-5 (Thuringiensin,<); 23560-59-0 (Heptenophos); 24017-47-8 

(Triazophos); 24019-05-4 (Sulcofuron); 24934-91-6 (Chlormephos); 25171-63-5 (Thiocarboxime); 25311-

71-1 (Isofenphos); 25402-06-6 (Cinerin); 25601-84-7 (Methocrotophos); 26002-80-2 (Phenothrin); 26097-

80-3 (Cambendazole); 28434-01-7 (Bioresmethrin); 28772-56-7 (Bromadiolone); 29173-31-7 (Mecarphon); 

29232-93-7 (Pirimiphosmethyl); 29672-19-3 (Nitrilacarb); 29871-13-4 (Copper arsenate); 30087-47-9 

(Fenethacarb); 30560-19-1 (Acephate); 30864-28-9 (Methacrifos); 31218-83-4 (Propetamphos); 31377-69-2 

(Pirimetaphos); 31895-21-3 (Thiocyclam); 33089-61-1 (Amitraz); 33399-00-7 (Bromfenvinfos); 33629-47-9 

(Butralin); 34218-61-6 (Juvenile hormone II); 34264-24-9 (Promacyl); 34643-46-4 (Prothiofos); 34681-10-2 

(Butocarboxim); 34681-23-7 (Butoxycarboxim); 35367-31-8 (Penfluron); 35367-38-5 (Diflubenzuron); 

35400-43-2 (Sulprofos); 35575-96-3 (Azamethiphos); 35764-59-1 (Cismethrin); 36145-08-1 

(Chlorprazophos); 37032-15-8 (Sophamide); 38260-63-8 (Lirimfos); 38524-82-2 (Trifenofos); 38527-91-2 

(Etaphos); 39196-18-4 (Thiofanox); 39247-96-6 (Primidophos); 39515-40-7 (Cyphenothrin); 39515-41-8 

(Fenpropathrin); 40085-57-2 (Tazimcarb); 40596-69-8 (Methoprene); 40596-80-3 (Triprene); 40626-35-5 

(Heterophos); 41096-46-2 (Hydroprene); 41198-08-7 (Profenofos); 41219-31-2 (Dithicrofos); 41483-43-6 

(Bupirimate); 42509-80-8 (Isazofos); 42588-37-4 (Kinoprene); 50512-35-1; 51487-69-5 (Cloethocarb); 

51596-10-2 (Milbemectin); 51630-58-1 (Fenvalerate); 51877-74-8 (Biopermethrin); 52315-07-8 

(,Zetacypermethrin); 52645-53-1 (Permethrin); 52918-63-5 (Deltamethrin); 53558-25-1 (Pyrinuron); 54406-

48-3 (Empenthrin); 54593-83-8 (Chlorethoxyfos); 55179-31-2 (Bitertanol); 55285-14-8 (Carbosulfan); 

56073-07-5 (Difenacoum); 56073-10-0 (Brodifacoum); 56716-21-3 (Hyquincarb); 57808-65-8 (Closantel); 

58481-70-2 (Dicresyl); 58842-20-9 (Nithiazine); 59669-26-0 (Thiodicarb); 60238-56-4 (Chlorthiophos); 
60589-06-2 (Metoxadiazone); 60628-96-8 (Bifonazole); 61444-62-0 (Nifluridide); 61949-77-7 (TransPermethrin); 63333-35-7 (Bromethalin); 63771-69-7 (Zolaprofos); 63837-33-2 (Diofenolan); 63935-38-6 

(Cycloprothrin); 64628-44-0 (Triflumuron); 64902-72-3 (Chlorsulfuron); 65383-73-5 (Precocene III); 65400-

98-8 (Fenoxacrim); 65691-00-1 (Triarathene); 65907-30-4 (,Furathiocarb); 66215-27-8 (Cyromazine); 66230-

04-4 (Esfenvalerate); 66841-25-6 (Tralomethrin); 67485-29-4 (Hydramethylnon); 68359-37-5 

(Betacyfluthrin); 68523-18-2 (Fenpirithrin); 69327-76-0 (Buprofezin); 69409-94-5 (Fluvalinate); 70124-77-5 

(Flucythrinate); 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin); 71422-67-8 (Chlorfluazuron); 71697-59-1 (Thetacypermethrin); 

71751-41-2 (Abamectin); 72490-01-8 (Fenoxycarb); 72963-72-5 (Imiprothrin); 75867-00-4 (Fenfluthrin); 

79538-32-2 (Tefluthrin); 80060-09-9 (Diafenthiuron); 80844-07-1 (Etofenprox); 81613-59-4 (Flupropadine); 

82560-54-1 (Benfuracarb); 82657-04-3 (Bifenthrin); 83121-18-0 (Teflubenzuron); 83130-01-2 (Alanycarb); 

83733-82-8 (Fosmethilan); 86479-06-3 (Hexaflumuron); 89784-60-1 (Pyraclofos); 90035-08-8 

(Flocoumafen); 90338-20-8 (Butathiofos); 95465-99-9 (Cadusafos); 95737-68-1 (Pyriproxyfen); 96182-53-5 

(Tebupirimfos); 96489-71-3 (Pyridaben); 101007-06-1 (Acrinathrin); 101463-69-8 (,Flufenoxuron); 102851-

06-9 (Taufluvalinate); 103055-07-8 (Lufenuron); 103782-08-7 (Allosamidin); 104653-34-1 (Difethialone); 

105024-66-6 (Silafluofen); 105779-78-0 (Pyrimidifen); 107713-58-6 (Flufenprox); 111872-58-3 

(Halfenprox); 112143-82-5 (Triazamate.); 112226-61-6 (Halofenozide); 112410-23-8 (Tebufenozide); 

112636-83-6 (Dicyclanil); 113036-88-7 (Flucycloxuron); 116714-46-6 (NOvaluron); 117704-25-3 

(Doramectin); 118712-89-3 (Transfluthrin); 119168-77-3 (Tebufenpyrad); 119791-41-2 (Emamectin); 

120068-37-3 (Fipronil); 121451-02-3 (Noviflumuron); 122453-73-0 (Chlorfenapyr); 123997-26-2 

(Eprinomectin); 129558-76-5 (TOlfenpyrad); 143807-66-3 (Chromafenozide); 150824-47-8 (Nitenpyram); 

153719-23-4 (Thiamethoxam); 158062-67-0 (Flonicamid); 161050-58-4 (Methoxyfenozide); 165252-70-0 

(Dinotefuran); 168316-95-8 (Spinosad); 170015-32-4 (Flufenerim); 173584-44-6 (Indoxacarb); 179101-81-6 

(Pyridalyl); 181587-01-9 (Ethiprole); 201593-84-2 (Bistrifluron); 209861-58-5 (Acetoprole); 210880-92-5 

(Clothianidin); 220119-17-5 (Selamectin); 223419-20-3 (Profluthrin); 240494-70-6 (Metofluthrin); 283594-

90-1 (Spiromesifen) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) 

(fiber-supported pesticidal compn.); 51-79-6 (Urethane); 78-79-5 (Isoprene); 108-05-4 (Vinyl acetate); 7782-

42-5 (Graphite); 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene); 9002-89-5 (Poly(vinyl alcohol); 9003-05-8; 9003-39-8 

(Poly(vinylpyrrolidone); 9003-53-6 (,Polystyrene); 9004-32-4 (Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt); 9004-

34-6D (Cellulose); 9004-65-3 (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); 9005-25-8 (Starch); 9005-32-7 (Alginic 

acid); 9005-49-6 (Heparin sulfate); 9007-28-7 (Chondroitin sulfate); 24980-41-4 (Polycaprolactone); 25085-

53-4 (Isotactic polypropylene); 25248-42-4 (Polycaprolactone); 25322-68-3 (Poly(ethylene oxide); 25702-74-

3 (Polysucrose); 25805-17-8 (Poly(ethyloxazoline); 26023-30-3 (Poly[oxy(1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-ethanediyl)]); 

26100-51-6 (Polylactic acid); 26780-50-7 (Poly(Lactide-co-glycolide); 31621-87-1 (Polydioxanone) Role: 

MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (fiber; support for pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 84-74-

2 (Dibutyl phthalate); 94-96-2 (Ethohexadiol); 131-11-3 (Dimethyl phthalate); 134-62-3 (DEET); 532-34-3 

(Butopyronoxyl); 3653-39-2 (,Hexamide); 19764-43-3 (Methoquin-butyl); 39589-98-5 (Dimethyl carbate); 

66257-53-2 (Oxamate); 105726-67-8 (Methylneodecanamide); 119515-38-7 (Picaridin) Role: BUU 

(Biological use, unclassified), BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (insect repellent; fiber-supported 

pest-behavior-modifying compn.); 7783-06-4 (Hydrogen sulfide) Role: BUU (Biological use, unclassified), 

BIOL (Biological study), USES (Uses) (mammal repellent; fiber-supported pest-behavior-modifying 

compn.); 9010-98-4 Role: MOA (Modifier or additive use), USES (Uses) (neoprene rubber, fiber; support 

for pest-behavior-modifying compn.) 

Patent Application Country: Application: US 

Priority Application Country: US 

Priority Application Number: 2001-345349 

Priority Application Date: 20011025 

 26. Mcdonald, A. R. and Harris, S. (2000). The use of fumigants and anticoagulant rodenticides on game 

estates in Great Britain. Mammal Review [Mamm. Rev.]. Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 57-64. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC,WFN; Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

Several studies have highlighted the potential risk to nontarget wildlife associated with accidental exposure to 

vertebrate control agents. In order to provide information that may assist in the mitigation of this problem, we 

questioned 215 gamekeepers in Great Britain about the use of vertebrate control agents on the land for which 

they were responsible. Fumigants were used to control Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus by 59% of 

gamekeepers. Use of fumigants was more common than on farms in general. 91% of gamekeepers reported 
the use of rodenticides, 95% of which were anticoagulants. Patterns of rodenticide use were similar to those 

on arable farms, though chlorophacinone and warfarin were used more commonly on game estates. Future 

studies of the exposure of nontarget wildlife to anticoagulants should be expanded to include these 

compounds. Rodenticides were apparently used in accordance with label recommendations in most cases. 

However, better information and guidelines for users may improve standards of agent application and reduce 

potential risks to nontarget wildlife. Classification: D 04700 Management Rodenticides/ Wildlife 

management/ British Isles/ Oryctolagus cuniculus/ European rabbit 

 27. Mcdonald, A. R. and Harris, S. (2000). The use of fumigants and anticoagulant rodenticides on game 

estates in Great Britain. Mammal Review [Mamm. Rev.]. Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 57-64. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC,WFN; Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

Several studies have highlighted the potential risk to nontarget wildlife associated with accidental exposure to 

vertebrate control agents. In order to provide information that may assist in the mitigation of this problem, we 

questioned 215 gamekeepers in Great Britain about the use of vertebrate control agents on the land for which 

they were responsible. Fumigants were used to control Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus by 59% of 

gamekeepers. Use of fumigants was more common than on farms in general. 91% of gamekeepers reported 

the use of rodenticides, 95% of which were anticoagulants. Patterns of rodenticide use were similar to those 

on arable farms, though chlorophacinone and warfarin were used more commonly on game estates. Future 

studies of the exposure of nontarget wildlife to anticoagulants should be expanded to include these 

compounds. Rodenticides were apparently used in accordance with label recommendations in most cases. 

However, better information and guidelines for users may improve standards of agent application and reduce 

potential risks to nontarget wildlife. Classification: D 04700 Management Rodenticides/ Wildlife 

management/ British Isles/ Oryctolagus cuniculus/ European rabbit 

 28. Mcdonald, A. R. and Harris, S. (2000). The use of fumigants and anticoagulant rodenticides on game 

estates in Great Britain. Mammal Review [Mamm. Rev.]. Vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 57-64. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: WFN; Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

Several studies have highlighted the potential risk to nontarget wildlife associated with accidental exposure to 

vertebrate control agents. In order to provide information that may assist in the mitigation of this problem, we 

questioned 215 gamekeepers in Great Britain about the use of vertebrate control agents on the land for which 

they were responsible. Fumigants were used to control Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus by 59% of 

gamekeepers. Use of fumigants was more common than on farms in general. 91% of gamekeepers reported 

the use of rodenticides, 95% of which were anticoagulants. Patterns of rodenticide use were similar to those 

on arable farms, though chlorophacinone and warfarin were used more commonly on game estates. Future 

studies of the exposure of nontarget wildlife to anticoagulants should be expanded to include these 

compounds. Rodenticides were apparently used in accordance with label recommendations in most cases. 

However, better information and guidelines for users may improve standards of agent application and reduce 

potential risks to nontarget wildlife. Classification: D 04700 Management Rodenticides/ Wildlife 

management/ British Isles/ Oryctolagus cuniculus/ European rabbit 

 29. MEDVEDOVICI, A., DAVID, F., and SANDRA, P. (1997). Determination of the rodenticides warfarin, 

diphenadione and chlorophacinone in soil samples by HPLC-DAD. TALANTA; 44: 1633-1640. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: DPC,CPC,WFN; Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A HPLC-DAD method is described for the analysis of the rodenticides 

warfarin, diphenadione and chlorophacinone, together with the phenylurea herbicides isoproturon and diuron, 

in soil samples. The HPLC parameters have been optimised to provide baseline separation with symmetrical 

peakshapes in short analysis times. The sample preparation consists of Soxhlet extraction followed by SPE 

clean-up on cyanopropyl silica. Biochemistry/Methods/ Biophysics/Methods/ Methods/ Plants/ Soil/ 

Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides 

 30. Mendenhall, V. M. and Pank, L. F. (1980). Secondary Poisoning of Owls by Anticoagulant Rodenticides. 

Wildlife Society Bulletin 8: 311-315. 
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,DPC,CPC; Rejection Code: NO CONC. 

 31. Mendenhall, V. M. and Pank, L. F. (1980). Secondary Poisoning of Owls by Anticoagulant Rodenticides. 

Wildlife Society Bulletin 8: 311-315. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,DPC,CPC; Rejection Code: NO CONC. 

 32. Panzica, G. C., Castagna, C., Viglietti-Panzica, C., Russo, C., Tlemcani, O., and Balthazart, J. (1998).

Organizational effects of estrogens on brain vasotocin and sexual behavior in quail. J Neurobiol 37: 

684-699. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT. 

CAS Registry Number EC-1-14-13-- (Aromatase); 0 (Triazoles); 118949-22-7 (vorozole); 50-28-2 

(Estradiol); 50-50-0 (estradiol 3-benzoate); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9034-50-8 (Vasotocin). Reproductive 

behavior is sexually differentiated in quail: The male-typical copulatory behavior is never observed in 

females even after treatment with high doses of testosterone (T). This sex difference in behavioral 

responsiveness to T is organized during the embryonic period by the exposure of female embryo to estrogens. 

We showed recently that the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus (POM), a structure that plays a key 

role in the activation of male copulatory behavior, is innervated by a dense steroid-sensitive network of 

vasotocin-immunoreactive (VT-ir) fibers in male quail This innervation is almost completely absent in the 

female POM and is not induced by a chronic treatment with T, suggesting that this neurochemical difference 

could be organizational in nature. This idea was tested by injecting fertilized quail eggs of both sexes on day 

9 of incubation with either estradiol benzoate (EB) (25 microg, a treatment that suppresses the capacity to 

show copulatory behavior in adulthood) or the aromatase inhibitor R76713 (10 microg, a treatment that 

makes adult females behaviorally responsive to T), or with the solvents as a control (C). At 3 weeks 

posthatch, all subjects were gonadectomized and later implanted with Silastic capsules filled with T. Two 

weeks later, all birds were perfused and brain sections were processed for VT immunocytochemistry. Despite 

the similarity of the adult endocrine conditions of the subjects (all were gonadectomized and treated with T 

Silastic implants providing the same plasma level of steroid to all subjects), major qualitative differences 

were observed in the density of VT-ir structures in the POM of the different groups. Dense immunoreactive 

structures (fibers and a few cells) were observed in the POM of C males but not females; EB males had 

completely lost this immunoreactivity (and lost the capacity to display copulatory behavior); and, conversely, 

R76713 females displayed a male-typical VT-ir system in the nucleus (and also high levels of copulatory 

behavior). Similar changes in immunoreactivity were seen in the nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the 

lateral septum (VT-ir fibers only in this case) but not in the magnocellular vasotocinergic system. These 

neurochemical changes closely parallel the effects of the embryonic treatments on male copulatory behavior. 

The vasotocinergic system of the POM can therefore be considered an accurate marker of the sexual 

differentiation of brain circuits mediating this behavior 

 33. Panzica, G. C., Castagna, C., Viglietti-Panzica, C., Russo, C., Tlemcani, O., and Balthazart, J. (1998).

Organizational effects of estrogens on brain vasotocin and sexual behavior in quail. J Neurobiol 37: 

684-699. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: NO TOXICANT. 

CAS Registry Number EC-1-14-13-- (Aromatase); 0 (Triazoles); 118949-22-7 (vorozole); 50-28-2 

(Estradiol); 50-50-0 (estradiol 3-benzoate); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9034-50-8 (Vasotocin). Reproductive 

behavior is sexually differentiated in quail: The male-typical copulatory behavior is never observed in 

females even after treatment with high doses of testosterone (T). This sex difference in behavioral 

responsiveness to T is organized during the embryonic period by the exposure of female embryo to estrogens. 

We showed recently that the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus (POM), a structure that plays a key 

role in the activation of male copulatory behavior, is innervated by a dense steroid-sensitive network of 

vasotocin-immunoreactive (VT-ir) fibers in male quail This innervation is almost completely absent in the 

female POM and is not induced by a chronic treatment with T, suggesting that this neurochemical difference 

could be organizational in nature. This idea was tested by injecting fertilized quail eggs of both sexes on day 

9 of incubation with either estradiol benzoate (EB) (25 microg, a treatment that suppresses the capacity to 

show copulatory behavior in adulthood) or the aromatase inhibitor R76713 (10 microg, a treatment that 
makes adult females behaviorally responsive to T), or with the solvents as a control (C). At 3 weeks 

posthatch, all subjects were gonadectomized and later implanted with Silastic capsules filled with T. Two 

weeks later, all birds were perfused and brain sections were processed for VT immunocytochemistry. Despite 

the similarity of the adult endocrine conditions of the subjects (all were gonadectomized and treated with T 

Silastic implants providing the same plasma level of steroid to all subjects), major qualitative differences 

were observed in the density of VT-ir structures in the POM of the different groups. Dense immunoreactive 

structures (fibers and a few cells) were observed in the POM of C males but not females; EB males had 

completely lost this immunoreactivity (and lost the capacity to display copulatory behavior); and, conversely, 

R76713 females displayed a male-typical VT-ir system in the nucleus (and also high levels of copulatory 

behavior). Similar changes in immunoreactivity were seen in the nucleus of the stria terminalis and in the 

lateral septum (VT-ir fibers only in this case) but not in the magnocellular vasotocinergic system. These 

neurochemical changes closely parallel the effects of the embryonic treatments on male copulatory behavior. 

The vasotocinergic system of the POM can therefore be considered an accurate marker of the sexual 

differentiation of brain circuits mediating this behavior 

 34. PRIMUS TM, RAMEY CA, GRIFFIN DL, and JOHNSTON JJ (1999). Weatherability of chlorophacinone 

steam-rolled oat baits under field conditions. 218TH NATIONAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN 

CHEMICAL SOCIETY, PARTS1 AND 2, NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, USA, AUGUST 22-26, 

1999.YABSTRACTS OF PAPERS AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY; 218 AGRO 121. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: ABSTRACT. 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM WEATHERABILITY OF CHLOROPHACINONE STEAMROLLED OAT BAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONSYMEETING ABSTRACT MEDICAGO SATIVA 

SPERMOPHILUS BELDING ALFALFA BELDING'S GROUND SQUIRREL FREE-RANGING 

PESTICIDES CHLOROPHACINONE PESTICIDE STEAM-ROLLED OAT BAITS WEATHERABILITY 

FIELD CONDITIONS BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS Congresses/ Biology/ Ecology/ Biochemistry/ 

Biophysics/ Plants/Growth & Development/ Soil/ Herbicides/ Pest Control/ Pesticides/ Legumes/ Sciuridae 

 35. Ramey, Craig A., Primus, Thomas M., Griffin, Doreen L., and Johnston, John J. (2000). Weatherability of a 

steam-rolled oat groat chlorophacinone ground squirrel bait under field and laboratory conditions. 

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 45: 209-214. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC; Rejection Code: NO SPECIES. 

Investigations of the weatherability of spot-baiting for ground squirrel control in northern CA field studies 

were conducted with a registered bait consisting of 0.01% chlorophacinone (an anticoagulant rodenticide) on 

steam-rolled oat groats. For reference purposes, a laboratory test was later conducted in an environmental 

chamber simulating some of the observed weather conditions. Three weathering plots were established in 

alfalfa for field tests. Each was baited with rodenticide fortified bait that was handled the same as for a 

simultaneous control project. Test areas were protected with wire mesh to prevent bait consumption by birds 

and mammals. Bait samples were collected daily over 7 days, then frozen, and shipped for analysis. Test No. 

1 conducted under wet conditions showed a 71% loss of chlorophacinone after 1 week. Test No. 2 

demonstrated a 57% loss of chlorophacinone under drier conditions. Test No. 3, a 24 h test under very wet 

conditions within the alfalfa field irrigated by overhead sprinklers, had a 92% loss of chlorophacinone. 

Laboratory studies using controlled environmental conditions: light (16 h light:8 h dark), with a mean relative 

humidity of 98%, and a range of temperature 11.1-27.8[deg]C (52-82[deg]F) showed [ap]50% loss of the 

chlorophacinone. The magnitude was less (37% at 7 days) in the environmental chamber when corrected for 

water weight gain. 

 36. Robben, J. H., Mout, H. C. A., and Kuijpers, E. A. P. (1997). Anticoagulant Rodenticide Poisoning in Dogs 

in The Netherlands (Rodenticide Anticoagulans-Intoxicatie Bij Honden in Nederland). 

Tijdschr.Diergeneeskd. 122: 466-471 (DUT) (ENG ABS). 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 75550 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDL,DFT,CPC; Rejection Code: NON-ENGLISH. 

 37. Stone, W B, Okoniewski, J C, and Stedelin, J R (1999). Poisoning of wildlife with anticoagulant 
rodenticides in New York. Journal Of Wildlife Diseases 35: 187-193. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,WFN; Rejection Code: INCIDENT/SURVEY. 

From 1971 through 1997, we documented 51 cases (55 individual animals) of poisoning of non-target 

wildlife in New York (plus two cases in adjoining states) (USA) with anticoagulant rodenticides--all but two 

of these cases occurred in the last 8 yrs. Brodifacoum was implicated in 80% of the incidents. Diphacinone 

was identified in four cases, bromadiolone in three cases (once in combination with brodifacoum), and 

chlorophacinone and coumatetralyl were detected once each in the company of brodifacoum. Warfarin 

accounted for the three cases documented prior to 1989, and one case involving a bald eagle (Haliaeetus 

leucocephalus) in 1995. Secondary intoxication of raptors, principally great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) 

and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), comprised one-half of the cases. Gray squirrels (Sciurus 

carolinensis), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were the most 

frequently poisoned mammals. All of the deer originated from a rather unique situation on a barrier island off 

southern Long Island (New York). Restrictions on the use of brodifacoum appear warranted. [Journal Article; 

In English; United States] 

Refresh May 2010 

Chlorophacinone Refresh 

Papers that Were Accepted 

Acceptable for EcoTox and OPP

Arjo, W. M. and Nolte, D. L. (2004). Assessing the Efficacy of Registered Underground Baiting Products for 

Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa) Control. Crop Prot. 23: 425-430. 

EcoReference No.: 75340 

Chemical of Concern: ZnP,STCH,CPC,DPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Code: LITE EVAL 

CODED(ZnP,CPC),NO ENDPOINT(DPC,STCH). 

Blus, L. J., Henny, C. J., and Grove, R. A. (1985). Effects of Pelletized Anticoagulant Rodenticides on California 

Quail. J.Wildl.Dis. 21: 391-395. 

EcoReference No.: 47636 

Chemical of Concern: DPC,DLD,EN,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: ACC,GRO; Code: LITE EVAL 

CODED(CPC). 

Byers, R. E. (1978). Performance of Rodenticides for the Control of Pine Voles in Orchards. J.Am.Soc.Hortic.Sci.

103: 65-69. 

EcoReference No.: 69367 

Chemical of Concern: BDL,CPC,EN,ZnP,DPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR,POP; Code: LITE 

EVAL CODED(CPC),OK(BDL,ZnP,DPC). 

Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1987). Efficacy of Rodenticides for Control of Orchard Voles. 

J.Am.Soc.Hortic.Sci. 112: 267-272. 

EcoReference No.: 75393 

Chemical of Concern: BDL,BDF,CPC,DPC,CLC,ZnP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,BEH; Code: 

LITE EVAL CODED(BDL,BDF,CPC,DPC,CLC,ZnP). 

Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1991). Rodenticides for the Control of Pine and Meadow Voles in Orchards. 
J.Environ.Hortic. 9: 167-172. 

EcoReference No.: 75474 

Chemical of Concern: OXT,CLC,ZnP,DFT,BDL,DPC,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH,MOR,POP; 

Code: LITE EVAL CODED(BDL,DFT,DPC,CPC,CLC,ZnP),NO ENDPOINT(OXT). 

Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1989). Vole Population Shifts Related to Rodenticide Usage. Hortscience 24: 

783-785. 

EcoReference No.: 75463 

Chemical of Concern: CPC,ZnP,CLC,BDL; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Code: LITE EVAL 

CODED(CPC,ZnP,CLC,BDL). 

Merson, M. H. and Byers, R. E. (1985). Weathering and the Field Efficacy of Pelletized Rodenticide Baits in 

Orchards. Crop Prot. 4: 511-519. 

EcoReference No.: 75532 

Chemical of Concern: PVL,BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,ZnP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR,BEH; Code: 

LITE EVAL CODED(BDF,BDL,DPC,CPC,ZnP),OK(PVL). 

Tuyttens, F. A. M. and Stuyck, J. J. J. M. (2002). Effectiveness and Efficiency of Chlorophacinone Poisoning for the 

Control of Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) Populations. N.Z.J.Zool. 29: 33-40. 

EcoReference No.: 75541 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Code: LITE EVAL CODED(CPC). 

Chlorophacinone Refresh 

Papers that Were not Accepted 

Acceptable for EcoTox but not OPP

Arjo, W. M., Shwiff, S., and Kirkpatrick, K. (2009). Short-Term Evaluation of Two Integrated Pest Management 

Programs for Mountain Beaver (Aplodontia rufa) Control. Crop Prot. 28: 703-709. 

EcoReference No.: 120014 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP,MOR; Code: NO CONTROL,NO 

ENDPOINT(CPC). 

Askham, L. R. (1985). Effectiveness of Two Anticoagulant Rodenticides (Chlorophacinone and Bromadiolone) for 

Columbian Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) Control in Eastern Washington. Crop Prot. 4: 

365-371. 

EcoReference No.: 75482 

Chemical of Concern: BDL,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Code: NO ENDPOINT(BDL,CPC). 

Berny, P. J., De Oliveira, L. A., Videmann, B., and Rossi, S. (2006). Assessment of Ruminal Degradation, Oral 

Bioavailability, and Toxic Effects of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Sheep. Am.J.Vet.Res. 67: 363-371. 

EcoReference No.: 120185 

Chemical of Concern: BDL,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BCM,ACC; Code: NO 

ENDPOINT(BDL,CPC). 

Byers, R. E. and Carbaugh, D. H. (1987). Bait Shyness of Pine Voles to Zinc Phosphide and Anticoagulants Stored 
with Pesticides. Hortscience 22: 239-241. 

EcoReference No.: 75534 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,CPC,ZnP; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR,BEH; Code: LITE EVAL 

CODED(ZnP),NO ENDPOINT(BDF,CPC). 

Hadler, M. R., Redfern, R., and Rowe, F. P. (1975). Laboratory Evaluation of Difenacoum as a Rodenticide. J 

Hyg.,Camb. 74: 441-448. 

EcoReference No.: 86457 

Chemical of Concern: DFM,WFN,CPC,DPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: PHY,BEH,MOR; Code: NO 

CONTROL(DFM,WFN,CPC,DPC). 

Marsh, R. E., Howard, W. E., and Cole, R. E. (1977). The Toxicity of Chlorophacinone and Diphacinone to Deer 

Mice. J.Wildl.Manag. 41: 298-301. 

EcoReference No.: 35337 

Chemical of Concern: DPC,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Code: NO CONTROL(DPC),NO 

CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(CPC). 

Mathur, R. P. and Prakash, I. (1980). Laboratory Evaluation of Anticoagulant-Treated Baits for Control of the 

Northern Palm Squirrel, Funambulus pennanti Wroughton. J.Hyg. 85: 421-426. 

EcoReference No.: 37842 

Chemical of Concern: WFN,CPC,BDF; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Code: NO 

CONTROL(WFN,CPC,BDF). 

Mathur, R. P. and Prakash, I. (1984). Reduction in Population of Indian Desert Rodents with Anticoagulant 

Rodenticides. Proc.Indian Acad.Sci.Anim.Sci. 93: 585-589. 

EcoReference No.: 75442 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Code: NO CONTROL(BDF,CPC). 

Nikodemusz, E., Nechay, G., and Imre, R. (1981). Histopathological Changes Resulting by Some Pesticides in the 

Common Vole (Microtus arvalis pallas). Acta Vet.Acad.Sci.Hung. 29: 317-326. 

EcoReference No.: 106598 

Chemical of Concern: BMY,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: CEL,PHY; Code: NO ENDPOINT,NO 

CONTROL(BMY,CPC). 

Pelz, H. J. and Gemmeke, H. (1988). Methods to Control the Two Forms of Arvicola terrestris in Orchards in the 

Federal Republic of Germany. Bull.OEPP (Org.Eur.Medit.Prot.Plant) 18: 435-439. 

EcoReference No.: 75487 

Chemical of Concern: BDL,CPC,CLC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: BEH; Code: NO 

ENDPOINT(BDL,CPC,CLC). 

Schafer, E. W. Jr. and Bowles, W. A. Jr. (1985). Acute Oral Toxicity and Repellency of 933 Chemicals to House 

and Deer Mice. Arch.Environ.Contam.Toxicol. 14: 111-129. 

EcoReference No.: 35426 

Chemical of Concern: 

ADC,CST,MOM,CPC,ZnP,DOD,MLN,Cu,AQS,CuCO,RSM,ACL,4AP,DZ,As,IAA,CBL,DNB,Captan,Fo

lpet,CAP,DS,TBT,CMPH,FMP,DU,IND,OXT,FNT,BCDI,CXL,STCH,MBTZ,PPX,TDC,FTTCl,LNR,MC

B,CuO,CuOX; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Code: NO 

CONTROL(ADC,CST,MOM,CPC,ZnP,DOD,MLN,Cu,AQS,CuCO,RSM,ACL,4AP,DZ,As,IAA,CBL,DN
B,Captan,Folpet,CAP,DS,TBT,CMPH,FMP,DU,IND,OXT,FNT,BCDI,CXL,STCH,PPX,FTTCl,MCB,Cu

O),NO ENDPOINT,NO CONTROL(TBT,CMPH,DU,BCDI,MBTZ,TDC,LNR,CuOX). 

Vidal, D., Alzaga, V., Luque-Larena, J. J., Mateo, R., Arroyo, L., and Vinuela, J. (2009). Possible Interaction 

Between a Rodenticide Treatment and a Pathogen in Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) During a Population 

Peak. Sci.Total Environ. 408: 267-271. 

EcoReference No.: 120171 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Code: NO ENDPOINT(CPC). 

Webb, R. E., Hartgrove, R. W., Randolph, W. C., Petrella, V. J., and Horsfall, F. Jr. (1973). Toxicity Studies in 

Endrin-Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Pine Mice. Toxicol.Appl.Pharmacol. 25: 42-57. 

EcoReference No.: 39313 

Chemical of Concern: CPC,DLD,EN; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR; Code: NO CONTROL(CPC). 

Excluded

Albert, C. A., Wilson, L. K., Mineau, P., Trudeau, S., and Elliott, J. E. ( Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Three Owl 

Species From Western Canada, 1988-2003. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010, Feb; 58(2):451-9. 

[Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: SURVEY. 

AndrÉ, C, Guyon, C., Thomassin, M., Barbier, A., Richert, L., and Guillaume, Y. C. (:9-14 [Journal of 

chromatography). Association Mechanism Between a Series of Rodenticide and Humic Acid: a Frontal 

Analysis to Support the Biological Data. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005, Jun 5

820: B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

Bennett, B. R. and Grimes, G. S. (1982). Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chlorophacinone 

and Diphacinone in Bait Formulations. J.Assoc.Off.Anal.Chem. 65: 927-929. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NO SPECIES. 

Binks, S. and Davies, P. ( Case of the Month: &Quot;Oh! Drat!--A Case of Transcutaneous Superwarfarin 

Poisoning and Its Recurrent Presentation&Quot. Emerg Med J. 2007, Apr; 24(4):307-8. [Emergency 

medicine journal : EMJ]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

Blaha, Didier, Sanguin, Hervé, Robe, Patrick, Nalin, Renaud, Bally, René, and Moënne-Loccoz, Yvan (2005-). 

Physical organization of phytobeneficial genes nifH and ipdC in the plant growth-promoting 

rhizobacterium Azospirillum lipoferum 4VI. FEMS Microbiology Letters 244: 157-163. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: BACTERIA. 

Bullard, R. W., Holguin, G., and Peterson, J. E. (1975). Determination of Chlorophacinone and Diphenadione 

Residues in Biological Materials. J.Agric.Food Chem. 23: 72-74. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: IN VITRO. 

Chan, J., Vogel, S. M., Wen, J., and Alany, R. G. ( Potentiometric Determination of Ionisation Constants for 

Diphacinone and Chlorophacinone in a Dioxane-Water Cosolvent System. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2009, 

Aug 15; 50(1):86-9. [Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: CHEM METHODS. 

Del Piero, F. and Poppenga, R. H. ( Chlorophacinone Exposure Causing an Epizootic of Acute Fatal Hemorrhage in 

Lambs. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2006, Sep; 18(5):483-5. [Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : 

official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc]. 
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: INCIDENT. 

Fiedler, L. A. (1988). Rodent Pest Problems and Management in Eastern Africa. FAO Plant Prot.Bull. 36: 125-134. 

Chem Codes: EcoReference No.: 75721 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,Tl,NaFA,ZnP,WFN,CPC,RSG Code: REVIEW. 

Fiedler, L. A. (1988). Rodent Pest Problems and Management in Eastern Africa. FAO Plant Prot.Bull. 36: 125-134. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: REVIEW. 

Fourel, I., Hugnet, C., Goy-Thollot, I., and Berny, P. ( Validation of a New Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass 

Spectrometry Ion-Trap Technique for the Simultaneous Determination of Thirteen Anticoagulant 

Rodenticides, Drugs, or Natural Products. J Anal Toxicol. 2010; 34(2):95-102. [Journal of analytical 

toxicology]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: CHEM METHODS. 

Fournier-Chambrillon Christine, Berny Philippe J, Coiffier Olivier, Barbedienne Philippe, Dasse Bernard, Delas 

Gerard, Galineau Hubert, Mazet Alexandra, Pouzenc Pascal, Rosoux Rene, and Fournier Pascal (2004). 

Evidence of Secondary Poisoning of Free-Ranging Riparian Mustelids by Anticoagulant Rodenticides in 

France: Implications for Conservation of European Mink (Mustela Lutreola). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 

[J. Wildl. Dis.]. Vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 688-695. Oct 2004. 40: 688-695. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: SURVEY. 

Grandemange, A., Kohn, M. H., Lasseur, R., Longin-Sauvageon, C., Berny, P., and Benoit, E. ( Consequences of the 

Y139f Vkorc1 Mutation on Resistance to Avks: in-Vivo Investigation in a 7th Generation of Congenic 

Y139f Strain of Rats. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009, Oct; 19(10):742-50. [Pharmacogenetics and 

genomics]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

Grolleau, G. and Paris, G. (1975). Trials of Intoxication of Green Collared Duck, Anas platyrhynchos L. with 

Coumaphene and Chlorophacinone (Essais d'Intoxication du Canard Col-Vert Anas platyrhynchos L. a 

l'Aide du Coumafene et du Chlorophacinone). Ann.Zool.Ecol.Anim. 7: 553-556 (FRE) (ENG ABS). 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NON-ENGLISH. 

Huergo, Luciano F., Chubatsu, Leda S., Souza, Emanuel M., Pedrosa, Fábio O., Steffens, Maria B. R., and Merrick, 

Mike (2006-). Interactions between PII proteins and the nitrogenase regulatory enzymes DraT and DraG in 

Azospirillum brasilense. FEBS Letters 580: 5232-5236. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: BACTERIA. 

Huergo, Luciano F., Filipaki, Angela, Chubatsu, Leda S., Yates, M. Geoffrey, Steffens, Maria Berenice, Pedrosa, 

Fabio O., and Souza, Emanuel M. (2005-). Effect of the over-expression of PII and PZ proteins on the 

nitrogenase activity of Azospirillum brasilense. FEMS Microbiology Letters 253: 47-54. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: BACTERIA. 

Jin, M. C., Cai, M. Q., and Chen, X. H. ( Simultaneous Measurement of Indandione-Type Rodenticides in Human 

Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization- Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 

2009 Jul-Aug; 33(6):294-300. [Journal of analytical toxicology]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

Jin, M. C., Chen, X. H., Ye, M. L., and Zhu, Y. (1982). Analysis of Indandione Anticoagulant Rodenticides in 

Animal Liver by Eluent Generator Reagent Free Ion Chromatography Coupled With Electrospray Mass 

Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2008, Dec 5 1213: A]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: CHEM METHODS. 

Johnson-Nistler, C. M., Knight, J. E., and Cash, S. D. (2005). Considerations Related to Richardson's Ground 

Squirrel (Spermophilus Richardsonii) Control in Montana. Agronomy Journal 97 : 1460-1464. 
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code : SURVEY. 

Kim, Kitai, Zhang, Yaoping, and Roberts, Gary P. (2004-). Characterization of altered regulation variants of 

dinitrogenase reductase-activating glycohydrolase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. FEBS Letters 559: 84-88. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: BACTERIA. 

Lahaye, L., Ganier, P., Thibault, J. N., Riou, Y., and Sčve, B. (2008-). Impact of wheat grinding and pelleting in a 

wheat-rapeseed meal diet on amino acid ileal digestibility and endogenous losses in pigs. Animal Feed 

Science and Technology 141: 287-305. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NUTRIENT. 

Lawley, W. J., Charlton, A. J., Hughson, E. J., Grundy, H. H., Brown, P. M., and Jones, A. ( Development of a Cell 

Culture/Elisa Assay to Detect Anticoagulant Rodenticides and Its Application to Analysis of Rodenticide 

Treated Grain. J Agric Food Chem. 2006, Mar 8; 54(5):1588-93. [Journal of agricultural and food 

chemistry]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code : HUMAN HEALTH. 

Marek, L. J. and Koskinen, W. C. ( Multiresidue Analysis of Seven Anticoagulant Rodenticides by HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray/Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 2007, Feb 7; 

55(3):571-6. [Journal of agricultural and food chemistry] . 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: FOOD. 

Mariscal-Landín, G., Avellaneda, J. H., Reis de Souza, T. C., Aguilera, A., Borbolla, G. A., and Mar, B. (2004-). 

Effect of tannins in sorghum on amino acid ileal digestibility and on trypsin (E.C.2.4.21.4) and 

chymotrypsin (E.C.2.4.21.1) activity of growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 117: 245-

264. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NUTRIENT. 

Mariscal-Landín, G., Rodríguez, J. E. L., and Reis de Souza, T. C. (2005-). Evaluation of hulless barley as feed 

ingredient in growing-finishing pigs diets: amino acid ileal digestibility. Animal Feed Science and 

Technology 120: 169-176. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NUTRIENT. 

Mendenhall, V. M. and Pank, L. F. (1980). Secondary Poisoning of Owls by Anticoagulant Rodenticides. Wildlife 

Society Bulletin 8: 311-315. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NO CONC. 

Mikkelsen, Lene Lind, Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach, and Jensen, Bent Borg (2004-). In vitro fermentation of fructooligosaccharides and transgalacto-oligosaccharides by adapted and unadapted bacterial populations from 

the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 116: 225-238. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: BACTERIA. 

Ouyang, X. K., Chen, X. H., Yan, Y. Q., and Jin, M. C. ( Characterization and Determination of Chlorophacinone in 

Plasma by Ion Chromatography Coupled With Ion Trap Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

Biomed Chromatogr. 2009, May; 23(5):524-30. [Biomedical chromatography : BMC]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: CHEM METHODS. 

Palander, S., Laurinen, P., Perttilä, S., Valaja, J., and Partanen, K. (2006-). Protein and amino acid digestibility and 

metabolizable energy value of pea (Pisum sativum), faba bean (Vicia faba) and lupin (Lupinus 

angustifolius) seeds for turkeys of different age. Animal Feed Science and Technology 127: 89-100. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NUTRIENT. 

Papin, F., Clarot, F., Vicomte, C., Gaulier, J. M., Daubin, C., Chapon, F., Vaz, E., and Proust, B. ( Lethal 

Paradoxical Cerebral Vein Thrombosis Due to Suspicious Anticoagulant Rodenticide Intoxication With 

Chlorophacinone. Forensic Sci Int. 2007, Mar 2; 166(2-3):85-90. [Forensic science international]. 
Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

Ponnuraj, Rajdevi K., Rubio, Luis M., Grunwald, Sandra K., and Ludden, Paul W. (2005-). NAD-, NMN-, and 

NADP-dependent modification of dinitrogenase reductases from Rhodospirillum rubrum and Azotobacter 

vinelandii. FEBS Letters 579: 5751-5758. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code : BACTERIA. 

Robben, J. H., Mout, H. C. A., and Kuijpers, E. A. P. (1997). Anticoagulant Rodenticide Poisoning in Dogs in The 

Netherlands (Rodenticide Anticoagulans-intoxicatie Bij Honden in Nederland). Tijdschr.Diergeneeskd.

122: 466-471 (DUT) (ENG ABS). 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: BDF,BDL,DFT,CPC Code: NON-ENGLISH. 

Robben, J. H., Mout, H. C. A., and Kuijpers, E. A. P. (1997). Anticoagulant Rodenticide Poisoning in Dogs in The 

Netherlands (Rodenticide Anticoagulans-intoxicatie Bij Honden in Nederland). Tijdschr.Diergeneeskd.

122: 466-471 (DUT) (ENG ABS). 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NON-ENGLISH. 

Sarabia, J., SÁ, Nchez-Barbudo, I., Siqueira, W., Mateo, R., RollÁ, N, E., and Pizarrod, M. ( Lesions 

Associated With the Plexus Venosus Subcutaneus Collaris of Pigeons With Chlorophacinone Toxicosis.

Avian Dis. 2008, Sep; 52(3):540-3. [Avian diseases]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NO CONC. 

Snow, J. L., Stein, H. H., Ku, P. K., and Trottier, N. L. (2004-). Amino acid digestibility and nitrogen utilization of 

high oil, high lysine, and waxy maize fed to growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 113: 113-

126. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: NUTRIENT. 

Vandenbroucke, V., Desmet, N., De Backer, P., and Croubels, S. (:101-10 [Journal of chromatography). MultiResidue Analysis of Eight Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Animal Plasma and Liver Using Liquid 

Chromatography Combined With Heated Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J 

Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008, Jun 15 869: B, Analytical technologies in the 

biomedical and life sciences]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: CHEM METHODS. 

Watt, B. E., Proudfoot, A. T., Bradberry, S. M., and Vale, J. A. ( Anticoagulant Rodenticides. Toxicol Rev. 2005; 

24(4):259-69. [Toxicological reviews]. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

Xu, Jin Wen, Ikeda, Katsumi, Kobayakawa, Akira, Ikami, Takao, Kayano, Yasuyo, Mitani, Takahiko, and Yamori, 

Yukio (2005-). Downregulation of Rac1 activation by caffeic acid in aortic smooth muscle cells. Life 

Sciences 76: 2861-2872. 

Chem Codes: Chemical of Concern: CPC Code: IN VITRO. 

Chlorophacinone Refresh 

Other 

Target: Toxicity of Chemical on Intended Pest
Advani, R. (1995). Mouse Populations and Their Control in New York City. Int.Biodeterior.Biodegrad. 36: 135-

141. 

EcoReference No.: 90154 

Chemical of Concern: BDF,DPC,ZnP,CPC; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: POP; Code: 

TARGET(CPC,BDF). 

Vandenbroucke, V., Bousquet-Melou, A., De Backer, P., and Croubels, S. ( Pharmacokinetics of Eight 

Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Mice After Single Oral Administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2008, Oct; 

31(5):437-45. [Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics]. 

Chemical of Concern: CPC; Habitat: T; Code: TARGET(CPC).