3 3 / INTER NATIO NAL COUNCIL OF S C I E N T R O N I O N S

AND CER TAIN ASS OCI ATE D U N I O N S

GOVERNMENT

a

Storage

t

V

H E A R I N G

BEFORE TH E

SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNA TIONAL 

ORGANIZATIONS AND MOVEMENTS

OF TH E

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS 

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIV ES

/JJISH TY -N IN TH CONGRESS

FIR ST SESSION

H.R. 8716 (H.R. 8862)

TO AMEND T HE ACT OF CONGRESS APPROVED AUGUST 7, 1935 

(PUB LIC LAW 253), AS AMENDED, CONCERNING UNITED 

STATES CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL 

OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS AND CERTAIN ASSOCIATED UNIONS

>> JUNE 7, 1965

49-135

Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Affairs

U.S . GOVER NMENT PR INTING OFFIC E

WA SHING TON : 1965
'ss (43

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS

TH OM AS E. M ORG AN , Pennsylvania, Chairman

CLE M E N T J. ZABLO CK I, Wisconsin 

OM AR B U R LESO N , Texas 

ED N A F. K E L L Y , New York 

W AYN E L. H A YS, Ohio 

A R M IS TEA D I. SELD EN , Jr., Alabam a 

B A R R A T T O’ H ARA , Illinois 

L. H. FO U N TA IN , North Carolina 

D A N T E B. FA SC ELL, Florida 

LE O N A R D F A R B ST E IN , New Yo rk 

CH A R LE S C. DIG G S, Jr., Michigan 

L IN D L E Y BECK W O RTH , Texas 

H A R R IS B. Mc DO WE LL, Jr„ Delaware 

WILLIAM T. M U R PH Y, Illinois 

CO R N E LIU S E. G A LLA G H E R , Ne w Jersey 

R O B E R T N. C. N IX , Pennsylvania 

JOHN S. M ON AG AN , Connecticut 

D O N A LD M. F R A SE R , Minnesota 

R O N A LD BRO O KS CA M ERON, California 

BE NJA M IN S. RO SE N TH AL, New Yo rk 

EDW ARD R. R O Y B A L , California 

JOHN C. C U LV E R , Iowa 

LE E H. HAM IL TO N, Indiana 

R O Y H. M cV IC KER, Colorado

F R A N C E S P. BO LT ON , Ohio

E. ROSS A D A IR , Indiana

WILLIAM S. M AIL LI AR D , California 

P E T E R II. B. F R E LIN G H U Y SE N , New Jersey 

WI LL IAM S. BROOM FI ELD , Michigan 

J. IR V IN G W H ALL EY, Penn sylvania 

II. R. GR OS S, Iowa

E. Y. B E R R Y , South Dakota

EDW AR D J. DERW IN SK I, Illinois

F. B R A D F O R D MO RS E, Massachusetts 

V E R N O N W. TH OM SON, Wisconsin 

JAME S G. FU LTO N , Penn sylvania

B oyd C rawf ord, Sta ff Administrator

R oy J. B ull ock, Senior Sta ff Consultant

Alb er t C. F. Westphal, Sta ff Consultant

F ranklin J. Schupp, Sta ff Consultant

Rob er t F. B ra ndt . Sta ff Consultant

Har ry C. Cro me r, Sta ff Consultant

P hilip B. Billi ngs. Sta ff Consultant

Marian A . Czar nec ki, Sta ff Consultant

Melv in O. Benson , Sta ff Consultant

June Nigh , Senior Sta ff Assistant

Hele n C. Matta s, Sta ff Assistant

Hele n L. II asha ge n, Sta ff Assistant

L ouise O’B rien, Staff Assistant

Mar y Med sg er , Sta ff Assistant

Doris B. McC racken Sta ff Assistant

Jea n E. Smith, Sta ff Assistant

R obert J. B ow en, Clerical Assistant

S u b c o m m it te e on I n t e r n a t io n a l Or g a n iz a tio n s an d M o v em en ts

D A N T E B. F A S C E L L , Florida, Chairman

L. II. FO U N TA IN , North Carolina 

OM AR B U R LE SO N , Texas 

D O N ALD M. F R A SE R , Minnesota 

BE NJA M IN S. RO SE N TH AL, New Yo rk 

ED W AR D R. R O Y B A L , California

II. R. GR OS S, Iowa

P E T E R n . B. F R E L IN G H U Y S E N , New Jersey 

ED W AR D J. DERW IN SK I, Illinois

Marian A. Czarneck i, Sta ff Consultant

Hele n L. Hasha ge n, Sta ff Assistant

II
C O N T E N T S

WITNESS ES

Monday, Jun e 7, 1965: P a g *

Brown, Prof. Harrison, Foreign Secretary, National Academy of

Sciences___________________________________________________ 11

Cummins, Sidney S., Office of Intern ational Adm inistration, Bureau

of Intern ational Organization Affairs, Depar tment of State _____ 25

Joyce, Dr. J. W., Intern ati onal Scientific and Technological Affairs,

Department of St ate_______________________________________ 24

Rowan, Edm und C., Head, Section on Intern ational Organizations 

and Programs, Office of the Foreign Secretary, National Academy 

of Sciences________________________________________________ 20

MEMORANDUMS AND STAT EM EN TS SU BM ITTE D FOR 

TH E REC ORD

Text of II.R . 8716_______ ________________________________________ 1

Prepared statem ent of Prof. Harris on Brown_________________________ 2

Attachmen ts:

Associated Scientific Unions, listing and abb reviati ons_________ 6

Organization ch art_______________________________________ 6

Annex 1: U.S. dues, 1950, and 1955-65_____________________ 7

Annex 2: Paym ent of U.S. dues to ICSU 1950-1964; projection

of futu re obligations from 1965 to 1975___________________ 8

Annex 3: Financial sta temen t______________________________ 9

Description of National Academy of Sciences________________ 10

Executive Order No. 2859, signed by President Woodrow Wilson, May 11,

1918, re lative to National Research Council________________________ 11

Appendix: Financial statem ent (detailed), Intern ational Council of Scientific Unions, for year ende d Decem ber 31, 1963_________________ 27

h i

THE INTERNATIO NAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIFIC

UNIONS AND CERTA IN ASSOCIA TED UNIONS

MONDAY, JU NE 7, 1965

House of Representatives,

Committee on F oreign Affairs,

Subcommittee on I nternational

Organizations and Movements,

Washington, D.C.

The Subcommittee on Internatio nal Organizations and Movements 

met at 10:40 a.m., room 2200, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. 

Dante B. Fascell (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.

Mr. Fascell. The subcommittee will come to order.

The bill now under consideration is H.R. 8716, which calls for an 

amendment to the act of August 7, 1935, concerning U.S. contribution 

to the International Council of Scientific Unions and certain associated unions.

(The text of H.R. 8716 follows:)

[H.R. 8716, 89th Cong., 1st sess.]

A B IL L T o amend the Act of Congress app roved Augu st 7,1935 (Pu blic Law 253), as amended, concerning

United States contributions to the International Council of Scientific Unions and certain associated 

unions

Be in enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of

America in Congress assembled, Tha t Public Law 253, Seventy-fourth Congress, 

as amended by Public Law 627, E ighty-fifth Congress, is hereby further amended 

by striking the words “such annu al share, not to exceed $65,000 in any one ye ar,” 

and inserting in lieu thereof the words, “the United Sta tes ann ual shar e.”

Mr. Fascell. Our witnesses this morning are Prof. Harrison 

Brown, foreign secretary, National Academy of Sciences; accompanied by Mr. Edmund C. Rowan, head of the Section on Inte rnational Organizations and Programs of the NAS; Mr. Sidney S. Cummins, Office of International Conferences, Bureau of International 

Organization Affairs; Dr. J. W. Joyce, officer in charge, General Scientific Affairs, Internatio nal Scientific and Technological Affairs, 

Department of State; Dr. Edward Wichers, executive secretary, 

Division of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, NAS-NRC.

Gentlemen, come up and join us at the table, please.

Professor Brown, I see that you have a rather lengthy statement. 

Would it be convenient for you to put the entire statement in the 

record and summarize, as you see fit?

Mr. Brown. May I do tha t, Mr. Chairman, and perhaps read a 

few of the more pertinent paragraphs?

Mr. Fascell. Without objection, Professor Brown’s statement 

will be inserted in the record at this point.

(The statement follows:)
2 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS

Sta tem en t by H a rris o n B ro w n B e f o r e t h e S u bcom m it tee on I n ter n a tio n a l

O r g a n iz a tio n s an d M ovem ents

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I would like first to express the 

appreciation of the officers and members of the National Academy of Sciences for 

the opportu nity to address your committee on the subject of the Int ern ational 

Council of Scientific Unions, its con stituen t unions, a nd U.S. participation in these 

bodies. As you may know, the Academy was created in 1864 under a c harter from 

the U.S. Congress w ith a principal purpose of providing advice to the Government.

In the time available to me, I will und ertake to describe the nature of the In ­

ternational Council of Scientific Unions, its scientific activities, and the activities of 

its constitu ent unions, as well as to discuss the benefits and costs stemming from 

U.S. participation in these bodies.

With respe ct to the direc t antecedents of the ICSU, one can note th at the 

Intern ationa l Association of Geodesy, presently an impor tant component of the 

Intern ationa l Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, was established in 1898. Similar 

organizations founded prior to the Fir st World War suspended their activities 

during th at conflict. In 1918, an Inter-Allied Conference on Internatio nal 

Scientific Organizations met in London and adopted a resolution recommending 

the withdrawa l of allied scie ntists from existing international organizations and 

the form ation of new unions which n eutrals would be invited to join. Each of th e 

countries represented at the Conference was requested to establish a central 

scientific body capable or representing it on the inte rnational council. At conferences held in Paris and Brussels in 1918 and 1919, the Inte rna tional Research 

Council (IRC ) was organized, initially embracing three unions, those concerned 

with astronomy, geophysics, and chem istry. In 1922 and 1925 the Interna tional 

Research Council adm itte d five more unions devoted to scientific radio, pure and 

applied physics, biological sciences, geography, and mathematics.

During the late 1920’s, there was increasing sentiment among the scientists in 

the unions constituting the IRC to enable their colleagues in the former central 

power c ountries of World War I to participate in th e work of the scientific unions. 

This sentiment brought about a reorganization of the IRC in 1931. The individual unions were accorded au tonomy and the I RC itself changed its name to the 

Int ern ational Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). From 1931 until the onset 

of World War II, the scientific unions grew in sta ture and became recognized as 

principal vehicles for internatio nal cooperation among scien tists thro ugh the 

sup port of a leading scientific body in each country.

Shortly after the war, three inte rna tional scientific unions (crystallography, 

theoretic al and applied mechanics, and histo ry of science) were accorded membership in ICSU. From 1955 throug h 1961, unions for physiological sciences, 

biochemistry, and geology were added, bringing the membership to its present 

total of 14 autonomous internatio nal scientific unions. There currently are two 

unions whose applications for mem bership are likely to be acted upon favorably 

in the near futu re. These relate to nutritional sciences and to biophysics.

In addition to its 14 internatio nal scientific unions, ICSU also has some 57 socalled national members, each of which is a leading n ational scientific institution, 

preferably nongovernmental, which can broadly represent scientists in a country 

or oth er geographic area. The in dividual scientific unions also have th ese nation al 

members which may be either t he sam e scientific in stitutions holding membership 

in ICSU or others. The num ber of national members for the unions varies from 

26 in the Int ern ational Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics to 68 in the 

Inte rna tional Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. We might also note th at some 

of the unions are umbrella organizations covering several semiautonomous 

subsidiaries. For example, the Intern ational Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 

itself embraces seven internatio nal associations rela ted to geodesy, seismology, 

meteorology, geomagnetism, oceanography, hydrology, and volcanology.

I should like now to outline briefly for you the principal functions of the unions 

constituting ICSU. As these unions have opera ted over the years, it has become 

evident th at their principal activities fall into four prim ary categories.

The first of these is the organization and coordination of scientific meetings. 

The first scientific meetings were held to pe rmit personal contact among scientists 

and to facilitate the exchange of information, as well as to foster dissemination of 

the metho ds and results of the work carried out in their respective countries. 

As the numbers and frequency of these sessions increased, scientific unions had 

as one of their earliest objectives the coordination of inte rna tional scientific 

meetings to avoid unin tentional duplication. Indeed, almost witho ut exception, 

the scientific congresses predated form ation of the unions themselves. However,
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIFIC UNIONS 3

it was realized that some mechanism was needed to insure continuity of planning and cooperation from one congress to the next. In organizing such meetings, the scientists who make up these nongovernmental scientific unions decide what aspect of their discipline can best benefit from the stimulation and cross-fertiliza­ tion of thought which occurs at congresses, symposia and colloquia. Face-to- face exchange of scientific thoughts, comparison of hypotheses, and explanation, and in many cases criticism, of experimental results long have been recognized 

as essential to the innovative and creative progress of science. A second major activity of the unions is the establishment of agreed standards, units, and nomenclature, which are obviously fundamental for meaningful inter­ national communication, cooperation, and comparison of results. For example, the chemistry union is concerned with both academic and industrial aspects of chemistry for which international agreement or uniform practice is desirable. The union has issued, among others, a manual of Physico-Chemical Symbols and Terminology, manuals on nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, and has calcu­ lated new tables for atomic weights in cooperation with the physics union. The unions concerned with the life sciences and geological sciences also have many 

similar programs. The orderly and rapid dissemination of new scientific information may be con­ sidered as the third fundamental objective of the international scientific unions. This is achieved not only through large congresses and the many specialized colloquia and symposia, but through the extensive publication programs of the unions. Most of the unions publish regular bulletins containing news of the union, such as the newsletter of the International Geographical Union which has a circulation of over 7,000 copies. In addition there are many purely scientific publications, such as the Monographs of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. The same union issues a chronicle which contains short notes on scientific meetings, or outlines various research projects going on in the field, as well as all types of international geophysical activities, or prints the papers and 

resulting discussions of a symposium or other meeting. A fourth and more recent addition to the list of important activities of the international scientific unions is the international collaborative program. Stimu­ lated by the highly successful International Geophysical Year (IG Y), scientists continue international collaboration in oceanography, antarctic research, and space research. We currently are in the midst of the International Quiet Sun Year which began formal operation on January 1, 1965. In addition, planning is underway for an Upper Mantle Project, an international program in atmospheric sciences complementary to that of the World Meteorological Organization, and 

an International Program in Water Research. Although global synoptic observations generally are unnecessary for biological studies, biologists have encountered several problems which can benefit sub­ stantially from an international collaborative effort. Recognizing the increasing requirements of the world’s growing population, biologists are outlining an inter­ national biological program which is designed to establish the biological basis of productiv ity of terrestrial, fresh water and marine communities, as well as human adaptability to changing conditions and the management of biological 

resources. Most of these collaborative programs are interdisciplinary as well as inter­ national in character. Therefore, ICS U provides a natural aegis for these act iv­ ities in that its members are both international scientific unions in individual 

disciplines, and national scientific institutions in various countries. I should also inject a word about developing countries. Although newly developing countries clearly need existing technology, they also aspire to compe­ tence in science and participation in the mainstream of international scientific affairs. Reciprocally, the cooperation of the newly emerging countries is necessary for the success of many of ICSU ’s global scientific programs such as the inter­ national biological program. As a consequence, ICS U recently recognized a responsibility to assist the development of science in these new countries. This assistance can take on many forms: provision of scientific journals and reference material, advice on structuring research and educational institutions, and help in research on particular problems. For example, the dams now being constructed on several large African rivers will produce huge manmade lakes which can be of increased practical value to African countries if some of the scientific problems caused by flooding vast areas can be solved. ICS U currently is assisting the 

U.N . Special Fund in the study of these lakes. ICSU, its member unions, and various committees provide advisory services on a wide range of subjects to various U.N. agencies including the International
4 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS

Telecommun ications Unio n, the World Meteor olog ical Organiz ation, UN ES CO, 

the Foo d and Agriculture Org anization, and the World Health Orga nization.

Now it may be useful t o exam ine the adm inistra tive and organizational str ucture 

of the unions in ICSU , as well as IC SU itself. Rather than describ ing the structure of each of the 14 autonomous scientific unions, I thin k it would be better to 

generalize altho ugh you should bear in mind th at in some cases there will be exceptions to the rule. Each union has a democratic foun dation in tha t ultimat e 

autho rity for each rests in a general assembly, consisting of a specified number of 

voting delegates from nationa l members, i.e., from a scientific institution in each 

country . Typic ally, the gene ral assem bly meets every thir d year. According to 

the writ ten statute s of each union, the general assembly makes the principal 

managerial decisions concerning the futu re of the organization. It elects the 

officers, considers finan cial repo rts, and authorizes change s in statutes. The 

general assem bly determ ines which scientific activit ies should be inaugura ted or 

discontinued , which fields should be the sub ject s of symposia, in which countries 

the nex t general assem bly and congress should be held, etc. Th e general assembly 

usually elects a council, bureau, or executive committee to conduct the union’s 

business between the general assemblies. It is the respo nsibility of the ins titu ­

tional member in ea ch c oun try t o see th at its delegates get to th e general assem bly, 

this not being a finan cial respon sibility of the internat ional union itself. Those 

few scientists who are elec ted as officers of the inte rnation al union custo marily 

trav el at the expense of the union to the meetings of the exec utive comm ittee 

which are typ ica lly held once a yea r. The union also establishes commissions for 

partic ula r scientific purposes. For example, the Internatio nal Union of Cr ystallogr aph y has work ing commissions on crystallo grap hic teaching , electron diffra ction , crystallo grap hic com puting, structure reports, nomenclature, etc. Th e 

Ye ar Boo k of the Internatio nal Cou ncil of Scientific Unions (1965) lists a ll of these 

commissions, sections, and divisions of the unions con stitutin g IC SU .

Th e organization of IC SU itself also is democratic in char acter, inv olving proposals, discussion, with issues fina lly decided by majority vote. As ma y be seen 

on the chart which I hav e brough t with me, the general assem bly of IC SU is 

composed of representativ es of the member scientific unions as wrell as the represen tatives of national members, i.e., scientific institutions in various countries. 

Th e statute s of IC SU are contained in the IC SU Ye ar Boo k (1965) beginning 

on page 53. Until 1963, the general assembly of IC SU met eve ry thir d year. 

How ever, at the general asse mbly of IC SU which was held in Vienn a during 

Novem ber 1963, it was decided to have IC SU ’s general assembly meet approxima tely eve ry 2 years in order that IC SU might respond more quickly to changing situations in world science. Since 1946 general assemblies of IC SU hav e 

been held in London, Copenha gen, Amsterdam, Oslo, Washington, and Vienna. 

Th e next general assembly will be held in Bomb ay in Jan uar y 1966. As in the 

case of the individual unions, the general assembly of IC SU decides upon the 

scientific programs which it will pursue. The se decisions are of substantial importance to the Unite d Sta tes and other scientifically advan ced countries and 

incre asingly so to the develop ing countries.

Betw een general assemblies, the business of IC SU is entrusted to an executive 

committee composed of a repr esentative of each of the 14 cons tituent unions, of 10 

representa tives of the national members and of the president, past president, 

secretary-general, and Treasurer. Tw o of the union representativ es are electe d 

vice presidents as are 2 of the 10 representatives of national members. As required by th e statutes, the execu tive committee is elected by the general assembly. 

The composition of the exe cutive comm ittee is indicated in full on page 10 of the 

1965 I CSU Y ear Book . Th e sta tutes of I CSU provide that the principal executive 

power rests in the hands of the president, who is curr ently Prof. H. W. Thomp son 

of Oxford University .

It will be seen from the chart which I hav e brought with me that the IC SU 

mechanism for planning and coordinating its various scientific program s is a 

scientific committee which has represented in its membership scientists from the 

various unions as well as the various countries which might be expected to participate. It may be worth noting that IC SU does not hav e a comm ittee on pub ­

lici ty. As a result, relatively few people are aware of IC SU altho ugh many are 

aware of the Inter natio nal Geo phy sica l Yea r, the Com mittee on Space Research, 

and IC SU ’s research in ocea nography and the Antarctic.

We now should turn to the finances of IC SU a nd its constituent unions and the 

U.S . dues subscription to them , which will be one of the principa l interests of the 

committee. On the assum ption th at it is preferable to let the figures speak for 

them selves, I have attach ed three financial char ts as annexes to my report to 

your c ommittee. Annex No. 1 is a statem ent of the act ual U.S. dues paymen ts to
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS 5

ICSU and its constituent unions for the years indicated, thro ugh 1964. Indica­ tion of the financial support by oth er member countries is made for the years 1956 through 1963. As the financial reports for 1964 have not been received, the table shows only the V.S. dues paymen ts for that year. It should be noted also that the dues payment actually made to the Chemistry Union for 1964 was $10,000 because payment of $25,000 would have exceeded the current legislative ceiling of $65,000 established in 1958. For the year 1965, the amounts payable by the United States are indicated although actual paymen t for calendar year 1965 can only be made afte r the beginning of fiscal year 1966. I believe th at it is worth noting th at for the period 1956-62 the United States has paid on the average 13 percent of the total dues to ICS U and its constituen t unions. I understand th at the U.S. dues contribu tion to the United Nations and its various agencies generally exceeds 30 percent and to the Organization of American States and its agencies is abou t 66 percent. Pu tting it another way, each dollar in dues which the United States pays to ICSU is matched by $6 in dues from other countries, whereas each dollar which we pay to the United Nations complex is matched by 

approximately $2 from other countries. Annex No. 2 is a graph showing the paymen t of U.S. dues to ICS U and the unions for the period 1952-64 together with a projection based upon this ex­ perience, from 1965-75. The chart shows th at U.S. dues paymen ts in 1952 began to exceed the ceiling established by the Congress in 1935. Increases until 1956 were gradual, when with the beginning of active planning for the Inter ­ national Geophysical Year, ICS U increased its dues. Since th at period, domestic and inte rnational scientific activ ity has steadily expanded. The dues to ICSU and the unions reflect this increased activity. It can be seen th at the dues for 1963 were just below the existing ceiling of $65,000 and th at in 1964 the dues payable exceeded the present ceiling. The projection of this graph over the next decade indicates th at the $100,000 level would be reached in 1968 and in 1975 the dues assessment would approximate $140,000. While it is impossible to predict with precision the increased costs of scientific activities of ICSU and its 14 separate unions, I believe th at the rate of growth shown by the graph is expected and justified. With respect to the finances of ICS U itself as distinct from its constituen t bodies, I am pleased to provide a copy of ICSU ’s financial statem ent for the year ending December 31, 1963. I u nderstand th at the au ditors currently are making their ann ual examination of ICSU ’s accounts and there­ fore we expect to receive the financial statem ents for 1964 within the near future. Pages 3 and 5 of the financial sta tem ent for 1963 are reproduced as annex No. 3 to show the overall balance shee t and income and expenditures of ICSU for 1963. I would be pleased to attempt to answer any questions which the com­ mittee may have, bu t I first would like to make a few comments. None of the chief scientific officers of ICSU or any of i ts con stituen t unions is rem unerated for his time a nd services. As can be seen from annex No. 3, showing the expenditures for 1963, staff salaries come to $35,626. This small paid secre­ taria t lends minimal adm inistrative s upport to a wide range of scientific activities conducted by large numbers of scientists who are not compensated for their services. If ICS U and its unions are to be criticized from an adm inistrative point of view, it is my belief th at they provide inade qua te adm inistrative support for the size and complexity of the internatio nal activities they undertake. For example, among th e unions themselves only th e Intern ational Union of Pure and Applied Chem istry has a small paid secretariat. The secretary general of the Intern ational Scientific Radio Union receives partial compensation for his serv­ ices. A few of the unions hire the part-time services of a clerical secretary. However, most of the unions do no t even enjoy this minimal adm inistrative assistance. One of our principal objectives at the Academy, and one which I believe is shared by colleagues in the Department of State, is to encourage each of the internation al scientific unions to establish a minimally adequa te administrative secretariat. Earlier I mentioned by name some of the internatio nal cooperativ e scientific programs planned and coordinated by ICS U and its unions. I believe th at it is imp ortant for us to realize that one of the restrai nts on the planning of these international programs is the lack of funds. The internation al biological program prob ably would have been read y to launch this year instead of in 1967, if $30,000 to $40,000 had been available for planning purposes a few years ago. To a less extent, this can also be said with respect to the internatio nal program on atmos­ pheric sciences. Because of a lack of funds, ICSU was not in a position to send a team to Africa for a study of the large manm ade lakes but, after a period of

49 -1 35 —<65 2
6 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS

delay, is now assisting the Special Fund of th e U.N. in locating scientists who may 

be available for this purpose.

A program for coordination of critically evaluated numerical data is an example 

of an imp ortant internation al collaborative activity which is about halfway 

thro ugh its planning phase. As I am the chairman of I CS U’s working group for 

this project, I am able to describe it in some detail. Briefly, however, science is 

creating more and more compounds, in more and more countries, for which 

research scientists require nu merical data of increasing accuracy. Independ ently 

of each other, scientists in several countries have undertaken almost random 

portions of the task of tabula ting and publishing these data. ICSU is planning 

a voluntary coordination of these various efforts in order to eliminate duplication, 

to fill in gaps between the various efforts, to bring abo ut higher stan dards of 

accuracy and to extend the a vailability of the data. The members of the ICSU 

working group, which is scheduled to meet in Fra nkf urt in September, come 

from the United States, England, France, Germany, and the U.S.S .R. However, 

only $1,000 has been allocated for the meeting. With more adequate funds for 

expenses we could assure the attend anc e of a Japanese expe rt which would be 

very desirable. As it is, the cost of traveling to Fra nkf urt of most members of 

the working group somehow mu st be met by obtaining funds elsewhere.

Before closing, I would like to refer briefly to the benefits derived by the United 

Sta tes with respect to intern ational relations, altho ugh my colleagues in the 

Depar tment of State can speak more authoritatively on this subject. In brief, 

ICS U and its constituent unions serve as a medium for in tern atio nal communication and cooperation which crosses political barriers and ideological conflict. 

I would hazard the estim ate t ha t even if the United States did not reap substantial 

scientific benefits from these organizations it would be clearly in the national 

intere st to enable them to exist for the international relations benefits.

I hope I have succeeded in conveying the utility and the importance of ICSU ’s 

activities well enough th at this subcommittee will be able to recommend the 

removal of the prese nt ceiling on U.S. dues to ICS U and its constituent unions.

Again, on behalf of the officers of the National Academy of Sciences—National 

Research Council, I am grate ful for the opportunity to app ear before this committee. Naturally, I would be happy to try to answer any questions which 

members of the committee may have. Tha nk you.

Ab b r e v ia t io n s

I AU_____ Internatio nal Astronomical Union.

IU B_____ Inte rna tional Union of Biochemistry.

IUBS____ Inte rna tional Union of Biological Sciences.

IU PA C----Inte rna tional Union of Pure and Applied Chem istry.

IU Cr-------Internatio nal Union of Crystallography.

IG U--------Inte rna tional Geographical Union.

IUGG ------Intern atio nal Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.

IUG S____ Internatio nal Union of Geological Sciences.

IU HPS ----International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science.

I MU_____Interna tional Mathematica l Union.

IUPA P___ Internatio nal Union of Pure and Applied Physics.

IU PS ____ Internatio nal Union of Physiological Sciences.

UR SI____ Inte rna tional Scientific Radio Union.
I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O U N C I L O F S C I E N T I F I C U N I O N S 

ICSU 1

IAU

IUGG - 

IU PA C - 

UR SI - 

IU P A P - 

IU BS - 

IGU

IU C r - 

IU T A M - 

IU HPS - 

IMU

IU PS - 

IUB

IUG S -

I n te r n a tio n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l 

In te r n a tio n a l 

In te rn a ti o n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l 

In te r n a tio n a l 

In te rn a ti o n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l 

In te r n a ti o n a l 

I n te r n a tio n a l

A s tro n o m ic a l U nio n (1 91 9)

U nio n o f G e o d e sy an d G e o p h y sic s (1 919)

U nio n o f P u re an d A p p li ed C h e m is tr y (1 919) 

S c ie n tific R ad io U nio n (1 91 9)

U nio n o f P u r e an d A p p li ed P h y s ic s (1 922)

U nio n o f B io lo g ic a l S c ie n c e s (1 923,

G e o g ra p h ic a l U nio n (1 923,

U nio n o f C r y s ta llo g ra p h y (1 94 7)

U nio n o f T h e o r e tic a l an d A ppli ed M e c h a n ic s (1 94 7) 

U nio n of th e H is to ry an d P h il o so p h y o f S c ie n c e (194 7) 

M a th e m a ti c a l U nio n (1 952)

U nio n o f P h y s io lo g ic a l S c ie n c e s (1 955,

U nio n o f B io c h e m is try (1 955)

U nio n o f G e o lo g ic a l S c ie n c e s (1 96 1)

G E N E R A L A S S E M B L Y

S C IE N T IF IC UN IO NS 

(3 v o te s)

N A T IO N A L M EM BERS 

(1 vote )

N A T IO N A L ASS O CI ATES 

(n o vote )

M ee ts B ie n n ia ll y

49 -1 35 0 - 65 (F ace p. 6)

(A c a d e m ie s an d R e s e a r c h C o u n cil s)

A rg e n ti n a M exic o

A u s tra li a M o ro c co

A u s tria N e th e rla n d s

B e lg iu m New Z ea la n d

B r a z il N ig e ria

B u lg a ria N orw ay

C an ad a P a k is ta n

C ey lo n P e r u

C h il e P h il ip p in e s

C h in a , R ep . of P o la n d

C o lo m b ia P o rtu g a l

C z e c h o slo v a k ia R u m a n ia

D e n m a rk S outh A f ric a , R e p . of

E a s t A fric a S p ain

F in la n d S w ed en

F ra n c e S w it z e rl a n d

G e rm a n D e m . R ep . T h a il a n d

G e rm a n y , F e d . R e p . o f T u n is ia

G hana U .S .S .R .

G r e e c e U nit ed A rab R ep u b li c

H ungary U n it ed K in gdom

In dia U .S . A.

In d o n e sia U ru g u ay

I r a n V a ti c a n C it y S ta te

I s r a e l V e n e z u e la

Ita ly V ie tn a m , D e m . P e o .

V ie tn a m , R ep . 

Y u g o sla v ia

N A T IO N A L ASS O CIA TES

IQS Y - S p e c ia l C o m m it te e f o r th e In te r n a ti o n a l Y e a rs of th e Q u ie t Sun (1 963) 

S C IB P - S p e c ia l C o m m it te e f o r th e In te r n a ti o n a l B io lo g ic a l P r o g r a m m e (1 963,

ICSU-IUGG C o o rd in a tin g Com m itte e on

A tm o sp h eri c S c ie n c e s (1 9 6 4 )

A dm is si on A p p lic a tio n s p en d in g :

IOPAB

TUNS

I n t e r n a t i o n a l O rg a n iz a ti o n f o r 

P u re an d A p p li e d B io p h y s ic s 

I n t e r n a t i o n a l U ni on o f 

N u t r i t i o n a l S c ie n c e s

IN T E R -U N IO N COM M IS SI ONS

JC A R - J o in t C o m m is sio n o n A p p li ed R a d io a c ti v it y (1 95 5)

CI G - C o m it e In te r n a tio n a l d e G e o p h y siq u e (1 95 9)

IU C A F - In te r-U n io n C o m m is s io n on F re q u e n c y A ll o c a ti o n s 

fo r R ad io A str o n o m y an d S p a c e S c ie n c e (1 960)

IU C I - In te r-U n io n C o m m is s io n on th e Io n o s p h e re (1 96 0)

IU CR M - In te r-U n io n C o m m is s io n on R a d io m e te o ro lo g y (I 9 6 0 ) 

IU C ST R - In te r-U n io n C o m m is s io n f o r S o la r

an d T e r r e s t r i a l R e la tio n s h ip s (1 960)

IU C ST - In te r-U n io n C o m m is s io n on S c ie n c e T e a c h in g (1 961) 

IlI fA S - In i* r- U n in n C o m m is s in n n n A tm n a p h rr ir S r i f .n r rs < 19 63)

FA GS - F e d e r a tio n of A s tr o n o m ic a l an d G e o p h y s ic a l S e r v ic e s (1 95 6) 

LAB - IC SU A b s tr a c ti n g B o a rd (1 95 3)

SCO R - S c ie n ti fic C o m m it te e on O c ean ic R e s e a rc h (1 95 7) 

SCA R - S c ie n ti fic C o m m it te e on A n ta r c tic R e s e a r c h (195 8) 

CO SPA R - C o m m it te e on S p a c e R e s e a rc h (1 95 8)

COWAR - S c i e n t i f i c Com m itt ee 

f o r W at er R e se a rc h

(1964)

K o r e a , D e m . P e o . R e p . of 

K o r e a , R ep . of

A n n e x 1

Statement of United States dues to I C SU and its unions for the years 1950 and 1955-65

1950 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965

IC S U ......................................................................................

IA U ........................................................................................

IU B ........................................................................................

IU B S ................. ....................................................................

IU l’A C ..................................................................................

I U C r .....................................................................................

IU G G .....................................................................................

IG U ........................................................................................

IU II P S ..................................................................................

IM U ....... . .............................................................................

IU T A M 1..............................................................................

I U P A P .................................................................................

IU P S ......................................................................................

U R S I......................................................................................

IU G S......................................................................................

$163 

1,307

184

675

420

2,2 40

1,50 0

25

400

320

1,1 70

$196

1,307

200

920

1,3 00

840

4,2 00

1,5 00

25 

522 

400 

1,4 40 

250 

1,1 70

$196

1,307

200

920

1,3 00

840

4,2 00

1,50 0

25 

522 

400 

1,6 80 

250 

1,1 70

$7, 800 

1,307 

200 

2,3 34 

1,3 00 

840 

4,2 00 

1,50 0 

225 

522 

400 

1,6 80 

250 

1,1 70

$7,80 0 

1,307 

200 

2,3 34 

1,3 00 

900 

4,2 00 

1,5 00 

400 

522 

400 

1, 680 

250 

4,0 00

$7, 800 

1,307 

400 

2,3 34 

1,3 00 

900 

4, 200 

1,50 0 

400 

522 

400 

1,6 80 

250 

4,0 00

$7, 800 

1,307 

400 

2,3 34 

1,3 00 

900 

4,2 00 

1,5 00 

800 

522 

400 

1,6 80 

500 

4,0 00

$7, 800 

1,307 

400 

2,3 34

10,000

900

13,440 

1,50 0 

800 

522 

840 

2, 280 

500 

4,0 00

$8,40 0 

1,5 68 

400 

5,0 00

10,000

900

13,440 

1,50 0 

800 

522 

840 

2, 280 

500 

4,0 00 

2,2 50

$16 ,800 

1,5 68 

400 

5,0 00 

10,000 

900 

13,4 40 

1,5 00 

1,20 0 

783 

840 

2, 280 

500 

4,0 00 

2, 250

$16 ,800

1, 568 

400

5,0 00

25,00 0

900

13,440 

1,5 00 

1,2 00 

783 

840

2,2 80

500

4,8 00 

2,2 50

$16 ,800

2,7 43

600

5,0 00

25, 000

900

13,440 

1,50 0 

1,2 00 

783 

840

2,2 80

500

4,8 00 

2,2 50

T o ta l.......................................... ..

Tot al pa id by ot he r co un tri es

8,4 04 14, 270 14,5 10

90,114

23,728 

157, 203

26, 792 

227 ,036

26,993

211 ,633

27,643 

207 ,367

46. 623 

259 ,909

52,400 

309, 440

61,461 

2 473, 000

77, 261 78,63 6

1 Ad her enc e to th e In te rn at io na l Unio n of Th eo retic al an d Ap pli ed Mech an ics (I U T A M ) an d pa ym en ts of i ts an nu al du es is achie ve d by a U.S. Nat io na l C om m itt ee org ani zed ou tsi de th e frame wo rk of th e Ac ade my -R ese arc h Co uncil , Th is inf or ma tio n is p rovid ed for the sak e of com ple ten ess in ord er to s how t he d ue s to all un ion s c on st itu tin g th e IC SU . T he N at io na l Com mitt ee of IU T A M ha s ap pl ie d to c ome u nd er th e org ani­ zatio na l st ru ct ur e of th e N A S-N R C . There for e, it is ex pecte d th a t th e N A S-N R C will ad he re to IU T A M as it ad he res to th e ot he r un ions of IC SU an d th a t th e D ep art ­ m en t of St at e will be re qu es te d to pa y th e du es to th is u ni on as well. 2 Es tim at e.

N ot e.—Fo r th e pe rio d of 195 6-62, th e Uni te d St ates h as pa id o n th e av era ge 13 pe rc en t of th e to ta l dues to IC SU an d th e m em be r un ion s.

TH E INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIF IC UNIONS

THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 9

A n n e x 3

Ba lan ce sheet as at Dec. S I, 1963

As at Dec. 31, 

1962

As at Dec. 31, 

1963

Assets:

Ca sh a nd tre as ur y bills .........................-......... -...........-............

A m ou nt on deposit w ith Pe rp et ua l Building As socia tion. 

Su nd ry de bt or s______________________________________

Tot al a ssets.

Less liabiliti es:

Ba lan ce to be accounted for in respect of th e allo cati on to IS C U itse lf 

from t he UN ESC O s ub ve ntion:

Jo in t Com mittee on A pp lie d R ad io ac tivi ty ______________________

In te ru ni on Com mittee for Fr eq ue nc y Alloca tions for Rad io Astronom y an d Space Science------- --------- ------------- ------ ---------------------

Fe de ratio n of Astronom ica l an d Geophysica l Services_____________

Subto ta l.

Funds belong ing to su bs idiary o rga niz ati ons:

Fe de ratio n of A stronom ica l a nd Geo physica l Services -------------------

Scientific C om mittee on O ceanic Res ea rch------ --------- ------------------

Scientific C om mittee on Ant ar ct ic Research------ ------ --------------------

Com mittee on Spac e Re se arch _________________________ ________

Co mite I nt er na tio na l de Geo ph ysique _____________ ____ _________

Special Com mittee for th e In te rn at io nal Q uie t Sun Y ea rs --------------

In te ru nio n Com mittee for Fr eq ue nc y Allocatio ns for Ra dio Astronom y an d Space Science___ ____ _________________________ _____

In te rn at io na l biologica l p rogram ....................................................... ..........

IC SU Re view F u n d __________________________ _________ - ...........

Jo in t Com mittee on A pp lie d Rad io A cti vit y_____________________

In te ru ni on Co mm ittee on Science Tea ch in g______________________

Subto ta l----------- ---------- ---------------------------------- ---------- ------ —

Su nd ry creditors__________________________________________________

Tot al liab ilitie s................................... . . ................ ............................................

B al an ce __________ ______________________________________________

Re prese nte d by :

IC SU special fund____ ____ _____________________________________ _

Ixiss IC SU working capita l fun d:

Lo ans o utstan ding a t Dec. 31,19 63------------------- --------------------------

Ded uc t am ou nt of fund________________________ ____ ___ _____ _

Sub to ta l____________________________________________________

Ba lanc e______________ ______________________________________

IC SU wo rki ng c ap ita l f und_______ __________________-............................

Less loa ns ou tstand ing at Dec. 31............— .................................. ....................

T ota l______________________________________________ __________

Special Fund for I nt er na tion al Ant ar ct ic A na lys is C en te r...........................

IC SU free ba lance:

As at Ja n. 1, 1963__________________________________________________

Add excess o f income o ver e xp en diture d ur in g th e ye ar ------ -----------------

As at Dec. 31,196 3...............................................................................................

Balan ce __________________________________ ______________________

$93, 262 

17,863 

40,115

151,240

226

2,880

$112,649 

18,774 

48,461

179,884

2,654

243

3,106 2,897

15,332 15,332

21, 612 17,579

(1. 658) (1.448)

32,492 43, 788

(621) (2,388)

4,128 5,728

15,000 16,500

2,202

3,000

1,699

(633)

(372)

91,487 95,785

22,250 45,353

116,843 144,035

34.397 35,849

10.530 8,530

(32,750) 

27,800

27,800 

(16,500)

11,300

11,771

796

12,567 

34.397

(4,950)

3,580

1,000

12,567

18,702

31,269

35,849
10 t h e in te rn ati onal co un cil of sc ie n tif ic unio ns

Income and expenditure account for the year ended Dec. S I, 1963

P re vio us yea r 1963

In co m e:

A nnual dues re ce iv ed :

N ati o n al m em b ers _________________________________________________

M em ber u n io n s .____ ______________________________________________

T o ta l d u e s_______________________________________________________

P a rt of g ra n t of $8,400 from t he R oyal S oci et y o f L o n d o n _______________

B ank in te re st an d pro fit on ex ch an ge (n e t) _____________________________

D ue s from sci en tif ic an d spe ci al c om m itte es :

Scien tif ic C om m itte e on Oce an ic R ese arc h_________________________

Scien tif ic C om m it te e on A n ta rc ti c R ese arc h ______ ______ __________

C om m it te e on Spa ce R es ea rc h_____________________________________

Spe ci al C om m it te e for t h e In te rn ati o n a l Q u ie t S u n Y ears __________

T o ta l, o th er in com e______________________________________________

T o ta l, a ll in com e___________ ____ ________________________________

E x p e n d it u re :

Expe nse s of m ee ting s:

G en er al a ssem b ly __________________________ ___________ ___________

E xecu ti ve b o ard ___________________________________________________

B u re au ___________________________________ ________________________

O th er m eeti n g s................ ................... ................... - ..............................................

T o ta l e xp en se s of m eet in gs__________________ _______ _____________

G ra n t to IC S U A bst ra ct in g B o ard _____________________________________

E x p en d it u re on IC S U R ev ie w (n e t) ____________________ ____ __________

Le ss bal an ce of F u n d a t Jan . 1,19 63 ______ ___________________ _____

T o ta l, o th er ex p en d it u re s__________________________________________

A d m in is tr ati v e exp en se s:

Sta ff s al ar ie s, e tc ___________________ _____ _____________ _________

T ra v el a n d s ubsi st en ce _________________________ ____ ______________

T ra v eli n g ex pe ns es of IC S U re p re sen ta ti v es at m ee ting s of o th er

sc ie nt ific b o d ie s .. ______ _____________________ ______ ____________

R ep re se n ta ti o n ________________________________________ ___________

S ec re ta rial ex pe ns es o f of ficers of t he C o u n cil _______________________

P ri n ti n g o f y ea rb oo k, e tc _________________________________ _________

P urc has e of 1,500 co pies o f th e IC S U R ev ie w ____ _________ ______ _

A u d it fee an d ex pense s__________________ _______ ________ _________

Office fu rn it u re an d e q u ip m e n t____________________________________

R em oval e xp en se s__________________________ ____ ______ ___________

G en er al office e xp en se s____________________________ __________ _____

T o ta l, ad m in is tr ati v e e xp en se s___________________________________

T o ta l, e x p en d it u re s_________________ ____________________________

Exc es s of in co m e ov er expendit ure s for y e a r______________________

$68,890 

5,019

$115,180 

5,859

73,909

2,800 

2,65 1

335

280

1,487

263

2,365 

81,7 25

10,328

2,391 

1,273

13,992

121,039 

”2,384*

360

360

1,742

614

3,076 

126,499

20,893

3,302 

2,458

26,653

5,000 

7,302 

(3,000)

4,302

35,780 

3,4 92

3,6 72 

735

1,320 

1,936 

3,0 00 

2,732 

2,704 

4,501 

7,065

35,626 

3,220

3,442

985

1,016 

7,495 

3 ,0(X) 

3,458 

2,552

11,048

66,937 

80,929

71,842 

107,797

796 18,702

A D esc r ip t io n o f t h e N a tio n a l Aca de my o f Sc ie n c e s

The Nation al Academy of Sciences is a nongovernmental organization of over 

650 distinguished scientists, dedicated to the furtherance of science and to its 

use for the general welfare. Membership is by election only and is in recognition 

of research accomplishments.

The Academy was established in 1863 under a congressional cha rter signed by 

President Lincoln. Empowered to provide for all activ ities appropriate to 

academies of science, it was also requ ired by its cha rter to act as an adviser to 

the Federal Government in scientific matters. This provision accounts for the 

close ties th at have always existed between the Academy and the Government, 

although the Academy is not a governm ental agency.

The National Research Council was established by the Academy in 1916, at 

the request of President Wilson, to enable scientists generally to associate their 

efforts with those of the limited membership of the Academy in service to the 

Nation, to society, and to science and technology a t home and abroad. Members 

of the National Research Council receive their appointments from the president 

of the Academy. They include representative s nominated by the m ajor scientific 

and techn ical societies, represen tatives of the Federal Government, and a num ­

ber of members at large. More tha n 3,000 of the foremost scientists and technologists of the country cooperate in the work of the Academy-Research Council, 

without financial compensation, through service on the many boards and committe es within its eight divisions—be havioral sciences, biology and agriculture,
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 11

chemistry and chemical technology, ea rth sciences, engineering and indu strial 

research, mathematics, medical sciences, and physical sciences. Also in the 

Academy-Research Council are three offices established to deal with ma tte r 

affecting all the natural sciences—Office of Scientific Personnel, Office of the 

Foreign Secretary, and Office of D ocumentation.

Receiving funds from both public and priv ate sources by contribution, grant, 

or contract, the Academy and its Research Council thu s work to stim ulate 

scientific research and its applications, to survey the broad possibilities of science, 

to promote effective utilization of the scientific and technical resources of the 

country, to serve the Government, and generally to further science and technology 

in the public interest.

Mr. Fascell. Professor Brown, you may proceed.

STATEMENT OF PROF. HARRISON BROWN, FOREIGN SECRETARY, 

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Mr. Brown. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I 

would like to express the appreciation of the officers and members 

of the National Academy of Sciences and of the Research Council 

for the opportunity to address your committee on the subject of the 

Internatio nal Council of Scientific Unions.

As you may know, the Academy was created in 1863 under a charter 

from the U.S. Congress with a principal purpose of providing advice 

to the Government. I would also like to point out that in Executive 

Order No. 2859, signed by Woodrow Wilson on the 11th of May, 

1918, the Academy Research Council was specifically charged with 

the obligation to promote cooperation and research at home and 

abroad.

It is to the latter that I wish to direct my attention.

Mr. Fascell. Do you have an extra copy of tha t Executive order?

Mr. Brown. Yes, sir.

Mr. Fascell. Would you submit it for the record?

Mr. Brown. Fine.

(The document referred to follows:)

Executive Order No. 2859

The Nation al Research Council was organized in 1916 at the request of the 

Presiden t by the National Academy of Sciences, under its congressional charter, 

as a measure of national preparedness. The work accomplished by the Council 

in organizing research and in securing cooperation of military and civilian agencies 

in the solution of military problems dem onstrates its cap acity for larger service. 

The National Academy of Sciences is therefore requested to per petuate the Nation al Research Council, the duties of which shall be as follows:

1. In general, to stim ulate research in the mathematical, physical and biological sciences, an d in the application of these sciences to engineering, agriculture, 

medicine and other useful arts, with the object of increasing knowledge, of 

strengthen ing the national defense, and of contributing in other ways to the public 

welfare.

2. To survey the larger possibilities of science, to form ulate comprehensive 

projects of research, and to develop effective means of utilizing the scientific and 

technical resources of the country for dealing with these projects.

3. To p romote cooperation in research, at home and abroad, in order to secure 

concentration of effort, minimize duplication, and stim ulate progress; but in all 

cooperative undertak ings to give enco uragement to individual initiative, as 

fundam entally im portant to the adv anceme nt of science.

4. To serve as a means of bringing American and foreign inve stigators into 

active cooperation with the scientific and techn ical services of the War and Navy 

Dep artm ents and w ith those of the civil branches of the Government.

5. To direct the attention of scientific and technical investigators to the presen t 

importance of military and industrial problems in connection with the war, and 

to aid in th e solution of these problems by organizing specific researches.
12 TH E INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIF IC UNIONS

6. To gather and collate scientific and technical information, at home and 

abroad, in cooperation with governm ental and other agencies, and to render such 

information available to duly accre dited persons.

Effective prosecution of the Council’s work requires the cordial collaboration of 

the scientific and techn ical branches of th e Government, bot h military and civil. 

To this end representatives of the Government, upon the nomination of the 

National Academy of Sciences, will be designated by the President as members of 

the Council, as heretofore, and the heads of the dep artments immediately concerned will continue to cooperate in every way t hat m ay be required.

(Signed) WOODROW WILSON.

The White House

11 May, 1918

Mr. Brown. By a coincidence, also, we note th at two organizations 

have been formed under charter by the U.S. Congress. One is the 

Red Cross and one is the National Academy of Sciences. We both 

found ourselves here today.

Mr. Fascell. I trus t it is a happy coincidence?

Mr. Brown. Yes, sir.

In addition to its 14 international scientific unions, there is a 

scientific union for each major area of science currently being pursued 

in addition to those 14 unions, ICSU—which is the International 

Council of Scientific Unions—also has some 57 so-called national 

members each of which is a leading national scientific institution, 

preferably nongovernmental, which can broadly represent scientists 

in the country or other geographic areas.

For example, our own Academy of Sciences respresents the United 

States hi the International Council and on each of the 14 scientific 

unions.

The individual scientific unions also have these national members 

which may be either the same scientific institutions holding membership in ICSU or others.

Mr. Fascell. Excuse me. Is this the organizational chart attached to your statement?

Mr. Brown. Right.

Mr. Fascell. Can we follow t hat as you are talking?

Mr. Brown. Yes, you can follow th at as we are talking.

The number of national members for the unions varies from 26 in 

the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics to 68 in 

the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics. We might also 

note tha t some of the unions are umbrella organizations covering 

several semiautonomous subsidiaries.

For example, the Internatio nal Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 

itself embraces seven international associations related to geodesy, 

seismology, meteorology, geomagnetism, oceanography, hydrology, 

and volcanology.

I should state parenthetically it is our obligation and tha t of the 

foreign office of our Academy to ride herd on this very complex maze 

of associations and unions and organizations.

The first and one of the most important functions of the unions is 

the organization and coordination of scientific meetings where announcements of new discoveries are made and where new research 

underway is discussed.

The first scientific meetings were held to permit personal contact 

among scientists and to facilitate the exchange of information, as 

well as to foster dissemination of the methods and results of the work 

carried out in their respective countries. As the numbers and fre-
THE INT ERN ATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENT IFIC UNIONS 13

quency of these sessions increased, scientific unions had as one of their 

earliest objectives the coordination of international scientific meetings 

to avoid unintentional duplication. Indeed, almost without exception, the scientific congresses predated formation of the unions 

themselves. However, it was realized that some mechanism was 

needed to insure continuity of planning and cooperation from one 

congress to the next. In organizing such meetings, the scientists 

who make up these nongovernmental scientific unions decide what 

aspect of their discipline can best benefit from the stimulation and 

cross fertilization of thought which occurs at congresses, symposia, 

and colloquia. Face-to-face exchange of scientific thoughts, comparison of hypotheses, and explanation, and in many cases criticism, 

of experimental results long have been recognized as essential to the 

innovative and creative progress of science.

A second major activity of the unions is the establishment of agreed 

standards, units and nomenclature which are obviously fundamental 

for meaningful international communication, cooperation, and comparison of results. For example, the chemistry union is concerned 

with both academic and industrial aspects of chemistry for which 

international agreement or uniform practice is desirable. The union 

has issued, among others, a manual of physicochemical symbols and 

terminology, manuals on nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, and 

has calculated new tables for atomic weights in cooperation with the 

physics union.

The orderly and rapid dissemination of new scientific information 

may be considered as the third fundamental objective of the international scientific unions. This is achieved not only through large 

congresses and the many specialized colloquia and symposia, but 

through the extensive publication programs of the unions.

The fourth and most recent addition to the list of important 

activities of the scientific unions is the international collaborative 

program. Stimulated by the highly successful International Geophysical Year, scientists continue international collaboration in 

oceanography, antarctic research, and space research. We currently 

are in the midst of the International Quiet Sun Year which began 

formal operation on January 1, 196 5, and in addition planning is 

underway for an Upper Mantle Project, an international program in 

atmospheric sciences complementary to that of the World Meteorological Organization and an International Program in Water Research.

Although global synoptic observations generally are unnecessary for 

biological studies, biologists have encountered several problems which 

can benefit substantially from an international collaborative effort. 

Recognizing the increasing requirements of the world’s growing 

population, biologists are outlining an international biological program 

w’hicli is designed to establish the biological basis of productivity of 

terrestrial, fresh water and marine communities, as wrell as human 

adaptability to changing conditions and the nanagement of biological 

resources.

Most of these collaborative programs are interdisciplinary as well 

as international in character. Therefore, the International Council 

of Scientific Unions provides a natural aegis for these activities in 

that its members are both international scientific unions in individual disciplines, and national scientific institutions in various countries.

4 9 -1 3 5— 6i 3
14 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS

IC SU , its member unions an d variou s com mittee s pro vid e advisory 

services on a wide ran ge of subje cts to variou s Un ite d Na tio ns agen ­

cies, includ ing the In tern atio na l Tel eco mm unications Union, the 

World Meteorolog ical Organ ization, UN ES CO , the Food and Agricultu re Org anization , and the World Hea lth Organ ization .

Ea ch u nio n has a dem ocr atic foundatio n in th at ultim ate au thor ity 

for each res ts in a Gen eral Ass emb ly, con sisting of a specified num ber 

of voting delegate s from na tio na l mem bers, th at is, from a scientific 

in sti tutio n in each cou ntry.

Typic ally, the Gen eral A ssembly me ets every th ird year. According to t he written s tatu tes of each union, the Gener al Ass embly makes 

th e princi pal ma nag eria l decisions con cerning the future of the org anization. It elects th e officers, c onsiders financial reports, and au thor ­

izes changes in sta tu tes. Th e Ge neral Ass embly determines which 

scientific act ivities shou ld be in au gu rated or discon tinued , which fields 

should be th e sub jects of sy mp osia, in which co untrie s the next gen eral 

assembly and congress sho uld be held, and so forth.

Th e Gener al Asse mbly usually e lects a council, burea u, or executive 

com mittee to con duct th e un io n’s business between the general 

assemblies. It is the res ponsibi lity of the in sti tutio na l memb er in 

each co un try to see th at its deleg ate s get to the Gen eral Assembly, 

this no t being a financia l res ponsibi lity of the intern ationa l union 

itself. Those few scientists wh o are elected as officers of the internatio nal uni on custo ma rily tra ve l at the expense of the union to the 

meetings of the executive comm ittee which are typ ica lly held once a 

year. Th e union also establishes comm issions for pa rti cu lar scien tific 

purp oses . Fo r exam ple, the In tern atio na l Union of Cr ystal log rap hy 

lias wor king comm issions on cry sta llo gra phic tea chi ng, electro n diffraction, cry stallogra phic comp uti ng, stru ctur e rep orts, nome ncl atu re, 

etc.

Th e org anization of the Council of Scien tific Unions itse lf is also 

dem ocratic in chara cte r, inv olv ing proposals, discussion, wi th issues 

finally decided by m ajor ity v ote . As ma y be seen on the ch art which 

you have before y ou, th e Ge neral Ass emb ly is composed of representatives of the m ember scientific uni ons, of which there are 14, as well as 

the rep res entat ive s of na tio na l me mb ers ; for exam ple, the Aca dem y 

of Sciences of the Unite d S tates, th e Acad emy of Science of the U.S .S.R. 

the French A cademy, the Ro ya l Soc iety of London, and so forth.

Un til 1963, the Gen eral Ass embly of IC SU met eve ry third yea r. 

However, we voted at the last gen era l assembly in Vie nna th at th at 

was no t enough and we sho uld me et eve ry 2 y ears.

Since 1946, general assemblies have been held in Londo n, Copenhagen, Am sterda m, Oslo, Wash ing ton , and Vienna. Th e next general 

assembly will be held in Bo mba y in Ja nu ar y 1966.

As in th e case of the indiv idu al unions, the Gen eral Assembly of 

IC SU decides upon the scientific pro gra ms which it will pursue. 

These decisions are of su bs tant ial im porta nce to the Un ite d State s 

and othe r scientifically advanced cou ntries and increasingly so to 

the develop ing countries . Betwe en general assem blies, the business of 

ICSU is en tru ste d to an exe cutive comm itte e composed of a rep resentative of each of the 14 co ns tit ue nt unions, of 10 rep res entat ive s 

of th e n ati on al mem bers an d of th e p res ide nt, p as t preside nt, se cre tarygeneral, and treasu rer. Two of the union rep res entat ives are elected 

vice pre sid ents as are 2 of the 10 r epres entat ives of nationa l mem bers.
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS 15

Mr. Chairman, as an example, I represent our Academy as a 

national member in the Council of Scientific Unions. I have been elected to the executive committee and am one of the four vice presidents of the executive committee which handles the business between general assemblies and I make use of the staff of our foreign office in the Academy of Sciences to take care of the paperwork, and 

so forth, which is necessary. The statutes of ICSU provide tha t the principal executive power rests in the hands of the president, who is currently Prof. H. W. Thompson, of Oxford University, and a member of the Royal Society. It will be seen from the chart which I have brought tha t the ICSU mechanism for planning and coordinating its various scientific pro­ grams is a scientific committee which has represented in its member­ ship scientists from the various unions as well as the various unions which might be expected to participate. It may be worth noting tha t ICSU does not have a committee on publicity. As a result, relatively few people are aware of ICSU, although many are aware of many of its programs like the Internatio nal Geophysical Year, the Committee on Space Research, and ICSU ’s research in oceanography and in the 

Antarctic. If I might, I would like to spend a few moments on finances and the U.S. dues which are designated for ICSU. On the assumption tha t it is preferable to let the figures speak for themselves, I have attached three financial charts as annexes to the report to your committee. Annex No. 1 (see p. 7) is a statement of actual U.S. dues payments to ICSU and its constituent unions for the years indicated through 1964. Indication of the financial support by other member countries is made for the years 1956 through 1963. As the financial reports for 1964 have not been received, the table shows only the U.S. dues payments for tha t year. It should be noted also tha t the dues pay­ ment actually made to the Chemistry Union for 1964 was $10,000 because payment of $25,000 would have exceeded the current legisla­ tive ceiling of $65,000 established in 1958. For the year 1965, the amounts payable by the United States are indicated although actual payments for calendar year 1965 can only be made after the beginning of fiscal year 1966. I believe tha t it is worth noting that for the period 1956-62, the United States has paid on the average 13 percent of the total dues to ICSU and its constituent unions. I understand tha t the U.S. dues contribution to the United Nations and its various agencies generally exceeds 30 percent and to the Organization of American States and its agencies is above 66 percent. Putting it another way, each dollar in dues which the United States pays to ICSU is matched by $6 in dues from other countries, whereas each dollar which we pay to the United Nations complex is matched by approximately $2 from 

other countries. Annex No. 2 (see p. 8) is a graph showing the total payment of U.S. dues to ICSU and the unions for the period 1952 to 1964, together with a projection based upon this experience from 1965 to 1975. The chart shows t ha t U.S. dues payments in 1952 began to exceed the ceiling established by the Congress in 1935. Increases until 1956 were gradual, when with the beginning of active planning for the Internatio nal Geophysical Year, ICSU increased its dues. Since tha t period, domestic and international scientific activity has steadily expanded, and indeed one might almost say exploded. The dues to
16 THE int ernatio nal cou ncil of sc ient ifi c un ions

ICSU and the unions reflect this increased activity. It can be seen 

tha t the dues for 1963 were just below the existing ceiling of $65,000 

and that in 1964 dues payable exceeded the present ceiling.

The projection of this graph over the next decade indicates tha t the 

$100,000 level would be reached in 1968 and in 1975 the dues assessment would approximate $140,000. I believe th at these are realistic 

estimates. While it is impossible to predict with precision the increased costs of scientific activities of ICSU and its 14 separate 

unions, I believe tha t the rat e of growth shown by the graph is 

expected and justified.

With respect to the finances of ICSU itself as distinct from its 

constituent bodies, I am pleased to provide a copy of IC SU’s financial 

statement for the year ending December 31, 1963.2

I understand tha t the auditors currently are making their annual 

examination of ICSU’s accounts and therefore we expect to receive 

the financial statement for 1964 within the near future. None of the 

chief scientific officers of the ICSU or any of its constituent unions is 

remunerated for his time and services. As can be seen from Annex 

No. 3 showing the expenditures for 1963, staff salaries for the secretariat come to $35,626. This small paid secretariat lends minimal 

administrative support to a wide range of scientific activities conducted by large numbers of scientists who are not compensated for 

their services. If ICSU and its unions are to be criticized from an 

administrative point of view, i t is my belief they provide inadequate 

administrative support for the size and complexity of the international 

activities they undertake. For example, among the unions themselves 

only the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry has a 

small paid secretariat. The Secretary General of the International 

Scientific Radio Union receives partial compensation for his services. 

A few of the unions hire part-time services of a clerical secretary. 

However, most of the unions do not even enjoy this minimal administrative assistance. One of our principal objectives at the Academy, 

and one which I believe is shared by colleagues in the Department of 

State, is to encourage each of the international scientific unions to 

establish a minimally adequate administrative secretariat.

Earlier I mentioned by name some of the international cooperative 

scientific programs planned and coordinated by ICSU and its unions. 

I believe it is impo rtant for us to realize th at one of the restraints on 

the planning of these international programs is the lack of funds. The 

international biological program probably would have been ready to 

launch this year instead of in 1967, if $30,000 to $40,000 had been 

available for planning purposes a few years ago. To a less extent, 

this can also be said with respect to the international program on 

atmospheric sciences.

A program for coordination of critically evaluated data is an example 

of an important collaborative activity which is about halfway through 

its planning phase. I am the chairman of the working group for this 

project. Briefly, it boils down to the fact that science is creating more 

and more compounds and there are more and more countries for which 

research scientists require numerical data of increasing accuracy. 

Independently of each other, scientists in several countries have been 

undertaking random portions of the task of tabulating and publishing 

these data. ICSU is planning a voluntary coordination of these

2

 See p. 9.
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIFIC UNIONS 17

various efforts in order to eliminate duplication, to fill in gaps between 

the various efforts, to bring about higher standards of accuracy and 

to extend the availability of the data.

The members of the working group, which is scheduled to meet in 

Frankfurt in September, come from the United States, England, 

France, Germany and the U.S.S.R. However, only $1,000 has been 

allocated for the meeting. This means tha t some of us must go on 

other funds. As it is, the cost of traveling to Fran kfurt for most 

members of the working group must be met by their individual 

academies.

Before closing, I would like to refer briefly to the benefits derived 

by the United States with respect to international relations, although 

my colleagues from the Department of State can speak more authoritatively on this subject. In brief, ICSU and its constituent unions 

serve as a medium for international communication and cooperation 

which crosses political barrieis and ideological conflict. I would 

hazard the estimate that even if the United States did not reap 

substantial scientific benefits from these organizations, it would be 

clearly in the national interest to enable them to exist for international 

relations benefits.

I should say, Mr. Chairman, tha t the Council of the National 

Academy of Sciences met this weekend, and while it met, it passed 

the following resolution which I will pass on to you. The members 

of the Council include such eminent scientists as Dr. Frederick Seitz, 

the president; Dr. Stra tton , the president of the Massachusetts 

Institute of Technology; Dr. Lloyd Berkner from Texas, and Dr. 

Dryden of NASA.

The resolution states:

Whereas it is in the national interest of the United States to continue to occupy 

a leading position in the world councils of science, and

Whereas a major instrument through which the United States can participate 

in the planning, conduct, and communication of international scientific programs 

of direct interest and importance to this Nation is the International Council of 

Scientific Unions and its member unions, and

Whereas the activities of these bodies have greatly increased in recent years, and

Whereas the U.S. Department of State does not now have authorization adequate to meet the membership dues established by these organizations, and

Whereas continued reasonable increases in dues can be expected in the years 

ahead,

Be it resolved, Tha t the Congress of the United States again be advised of the 

need to eliminate the legislative ceiling on dues for membership in ICSU and 

its constituent unions or by other legislative action to achieve this objective.

Again, Mr. Chairman, on behalf of the officers of the National 

Academy of Sciences and National Research Council, I am grateful 

for the opportunity to appear before this committee, and naturally 

I would be happy to try to answer any questions which members of 

the committee may have.

Thank you.

Mr. Fascell. Thank you, Mr. Brown.

Mrs. Bolton.

Mrs. Bolton. I have no questions.

Mr. Fascell. Mr. Fraser.

Mr. Fraser. Mr. Browm, one of the four objectives of the ICSU is 

the sponsoring of these international collaborative ventures, such as 

IGY?

Mr. Brown. Yes.
18 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIF IC UNIONS

Mr. Fraser. You refer to that as a very successful operation. 

I wonder if you might comment on some of the things tha t you think 

would support tha t view. I have read about it but I am curious if 

you have in mind some of the things tha t they did do which are proving helpful.

Mr. Brown. Mr. Fraser, the IGY was conceived within ICSU 

actually by Americans and it resulted in the carrying out of a very 

broad spectrum of collaborative activity involving not just Western 

nations but involving nations from behind the Iron Curtain as well.

This included work aimed at determining the magnetic field of the 

earth simultaneously and in many places. Determining many, many 

properties of the upper atmosphere, and indeed the peaceful space 

program, really was first thought of in conjunction with the IGY. 

We now know much, much more about the earth than we knew before 

the IGY was started. Above all, I believe that the experience, the 

very real experience which brought about collaboration between Ea st 

and West had a particularly fruitful, stimulating effect.

I happened to be responsible for making certain oceanographic 

arrangements with the U.S.S.R. at the Pacific Science Congress which 

we held in Honolulu a few years ago. We had the interesting experience of visiting a Russian oceanographic vessel and making specific 

arrangements for Americans to make measurements from the Russian 

ship and for the Russians to make measurements from our ship and 

in that way intercalibrate the various pieces of equipment used. 

This in itself is a very small step but I can assure you that the scientists 

from Ea st and West working together and getting to know each other 

does play some kind of a role, 1 believe, in the lessening of suspicions 

and international tensions.

Mr. Fraser. I have had some trouble keeping track of the variety 

of the constituent organizations tha t participate in one way or the 

other. Your organization chart is helpful but the total authorization—I guess this is a request for an open-end authorization—but 

the amount of money th at is appropriated is distributed among these 

various constituent groups as well as to the ICSU itself?

Mr. Brown. Tha t is right. ICSU has a certain dues assessment to 

each of the nations depending upon the size of the nation and the 

amount of scientific activity going on. Usually the top dues-paying 

countries are the U.S.S.R., United States, United Kingdom, although 

it varies from union to union. Each of the unions has dues assessments to cover its operations. In addition to the dues assessments 

the ICSU, and through it the unions, receive a subvention from 

UNESCO. This subvention-----

Mr. Fraser. Subvention?

Mr. Brown. A subvention. This is a grant. It is a grant from 

UNESCO directly to ICSU which is then divided among each of the 

unions. This is more or less of a retainer to pay for advisory services 

which ICSU and the unions supply to UNESCO, attempting to keep 

UNESCO science programs of as high a caliber as possible.

Mr. Fraser. In tha t connection, I notice with respect to these 

African lakes tha t you are helping the U.N. Special Fund secure 

experts to study some of the problems that are created.

Mr. Brown. Yes.

Mr. Fraser. Are you compensated for that service?
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS 19

Mr. Brown. We are not compensated for tha t service. We are 

delighted to help the U.N. Special Fund and there is no contractual 

relationship.

Mr. Fraser. Just an informal relationship?

Mr. Brown. That is right. We do it more or less because of the 

United Nations tie which ICSU has through UNESCO.

Mr. F raser. Is ICSU going to be a source of support and advocacy 

for adoption of the metric system throughout the world?

Mr. Brown. It is very difficult to talk in ICSU circles without 

talking in the metric system.

Mr. Fraser. Th at is now the most universal system?

Mr. Brown. Of course. Yes. However, I suppose when the 

British and the Americans are alone together they might sneak in a 

yard occasionally, or a mile.

Mr. Fraser. Thank you very much. You have made a very good 

presentation.

Mr. Fascell. Mr. Gross.

Mr. Gross. Mr. Brown, you say tha t you served on various committees advisory to the U.S. Government. What are those committees?

Mr. Brown. Mr. Chairman, I was asked by the President of our 

Academy a number of years ago to head up a committee which was 

just being formed at the request of several government agencies to 

investigate the status of U.S. programs in oceanography and to make 

specific recommendations for the removal of any deficiencies which 

might exist. Our committee met over a period of several years. We 

put out a 10-volume report. This report affected the operations of 

several government agencies such as the Bureau of Commercial 

Fisheries, the Navy, the National Science Foundation, and much of 

tha t report is now in the process of implementation.

Mr. Gross. You are currently a member of the Research Advisory 

Committee of the Agency for Internatio nal Development?

Mr. Brown. Th at is true.

Mr. Gross. As well as a member of the Science Advisory Board of 

the House Committee on Science and Astronautics?

Mr. Brown. Mr. Miller’s committee.

Mr. Gross. You are an active Professor of Geochemistry at the 

California Institu te of Technology; is tha t correct?

Mr. Brown. That is correct.

Mr. Gross. Does the California Institu te of Technology have any 

contracts with the Government?

Mr. Brown. The California Institu te of Technology operates the 

Jet Propulsion Lab, sir. Jet Propulsion Laboratory handles quite a 

bit of space science research.

Mr. Gross. The California Institu te of Technology is a tax-free 

institution?

Mr. Brown. Th at is correct.

Mr. Gross. How are you compensated?

Mr. Brown. How am I compensated?

Mr. Gross. Yes.

Mr. Brown. My salary is paid by the California Institute of Technology and for the time I spend in Washington fulfilling my obligations as foreign secretary of the National Academy of Sciences, my 

institution gets reimbursed by the Academy.
20 TH E INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIF IC UNIONS

Mr. Gross. Bv the Academy?

Mr. Brown. By the Academy.

Mr. Gross. You hold no contract with the Agency for International 

Development as consultant?

Mr. Brown. No. I do not, sir.

Mr. Gross. Is your transportation paid by AID?

Mr. Brown. If I were to travel here solely on AID business my 

transportation here would be paid. In actual fact-----

Mr. Gross. Who are you representing here this morning?

Mr. Brown. I am representing, sir, the National Academy of 

Sciences.

Mr. Gross. Are you not also appearing or wearing a hat on behalf 

of the AID?

Mr. Brown. No, sir. Absolutely not.

Mr. Gross. You want an open-end appropriation, is tha t correct?

Mr. Brown. That is right, sir.

Mr. Gross. I am sure th at you know at least some of us in Congress 

are very much opposed to open-end deals of this kind.

Mr. Brown. I am aware of tha t.

Mr. Gross. That does not cause you any concern. Would you 

like to see open-end authorizations throughout Government?

Mr. Brown. I have the feeling, sir, tha t the other controls which 

automatically operate in budge tary matters in this particular case 

would be adequate. I would like-----

Mr. Gross. Excuse me. Go ahead.

Mr. Brown. I would like to emphasize again tha t this curve is 

going up on the chart. As far as we can tell it will go up for some 

time in the future. It should indeed continue to go up for the simple 

reason t ha t scientific communication is becoming more necessary and 

more complex. As a result, the costs of maintaining this vital scientific communication is increasing.

Mr. Gross. There are some 70 countries, is this correct, or am I 

incorrect?

Mr. Brown. Tha t is correct.

Mr. Gross. Some 70 countries in this Council?

Mr. Brown. That is correct.

Mr. Gross. Nowhere have I found anything to indicate the contributions on the part of the individuals of the various countries.

Is there anything in any of this material tha t shows it?

Mr. Brown. That shows how much other countries are paying?

Mr. Gross. Tha t is right.

Mr. Brown. Yes.

Mr. Gross. Where is it in this material tha t you gave us?

STATEMENT OF EDMUND C. ROWAN, HEAD, SECTION ON INT ERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PROGRAMS, OFFICE OF THE

FOREIGN SECRETARY, NAT IONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Mr. Rowan. It is in the overall financial statement for the International Council of Scientific Unions which I have only in a limited 

number of copies. Certain pages have been extracted for you and 

included in Dr. Brown’s statement.

Mr. Gross. What year is that?

Mr. Rowan. This is for the year ending December 31, 1963.
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 21

Mr. Gross. Is tha t the latest?

Mr. Rowan. This is the latest. The one for 1964 is in the course of 

preparation and I understand is being audited now by the auditors in 

London.

Mr. Gross. Mr. Chairman, could we have tha t made a part of the 

record?

Mr. Fascell. Without objection the financial statem ent will be 

made a part of the record.

(The document referred to may be found on p. 9, and in detail in 

the appendix.)

Mr. Gross. If you have anything later I would appreciate having 

it, and I believe the committee would.

Mr. R owan. We will be happy to make it available when we receive 

it, sir.

Mr. Fascell. We will be glad to receive whenever you do.

Mr. R owan. This is the latest and we are making it available to 

you right now, sir.

Mr. Gross. You want to put it on a permanent basis, I see, by 

inserting in lieu thereof “the United States annual share” .

Mr. Brown. Th at is correct.

Mr. Gross. Rather than come back next year to justify it. Are 

you on a fiscal or calendar year basis?

Mr. Brown. ICSU itself?

Mr. Gross. Whatever you are asking the money for.

Mr. Brown. ICSU itself operates on a calendar year basis.

Mr. Gross. This is what you are proposing to operate on. You 

are asking for $65,000 for the calendar year; is th at correct?

Mr. Brown. Essentially.

Mr. Rowan. More than 65. Sixty-five is the present ceiling.

Mr. Gross. What do you want now?

Mr. Brown. We are suggesting, sir, at the present time our dues 

commitments—the U.S. dues commitments to ICSU—exceed $65,000. 

They are closer to $75,000. They will continue to go up, reaching by 

1973 well over $100,000.

Mr. Gross. Why will they go up, because of inflation, the depreciated value of the dollar, or for what reason?

Air. Brown. In part because of the increased cost. But most of 

all we are living in a scientific age and scientific activity is going up 

with such breathtaking rapid ity. We feel from the point of view of 

maintaining the vitality of American science it is terribly important 

tha t we know what is going on in the rest of the world. If we do not 

know what is going on in the rest of the world then we almost assuredly 

will fall behind.

Mr. Gross. Are there no other clearinghouses or no other organizations tha t serve as clearinghouses?

Mr. Brown. Not in this way. I might point out some of the very 

practical benefits. I was talking not long ago with Professor Huggins 

of the University of Chicago who developed his treatment for cancer 

of the prostate. It is very interesting to analyze the various component pieces of scientific information which went into the development of tha t treatm ent. It was an American treatment but the 

components were a piece of scientific information accumulated in 

Switzerland, another one in Great Britain, another in Germany. Had 

Professor Huggins not known about those he would not have been able 

to develop the treatm ent.
22 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS

One of the most important ways of learning about developments 

tha t are important to an individual American scientist is for him to 

attend an international scientific meeting where these things are 

being discussed.

Mr. Fascell. The gentleman’s time has expired.

Mr. Fraser.

Mr. Fraser. I have had my time.

Mr. Fascell. Mr. Rosenthal.

Mr. Rosenthal. Has your experience been tha t the other participating countries have been free, open and aboveboard about their 

scientific accomplishments? Specifically has the Soviet Union been 

free in telling you about what their scientists have accomplished?

Mr. Brown. Yes. I would say there is a great deal of freedom. 

The situation with respect to the Soviet Union has improved notably 

since the death of Stalin. I would say tha t the really active participation of the scientists of the U.S.S.R. following the war started with 

the first Atoms for Peace Conference in Geneva in 1955. Since then 

Soviet participation has been increasing very rapidly. From my own 

experience, discussion of basic scientific matters is very open and very 

free. Naturally these unions are all concerned with basic scientific 

matters. They are not concerned, obviously, with military matters 

and that sort of thing.

Mr. Rosenthal. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Fascell. Mr. Derwinski?

Mr. Derwinski. Dr. Brown, you are appearing before us to ask for 

this open end authorization. In past years has the Appropriations 

Committee consistently appropriated sufficient funds for your dues?

Mr. Brown. We have been in trouble before, prior to tbe creation 

of the $65,000 ceiling.

Perhaps Mr. Cummins would like to comment on that.

Mr. Cummins. The Appropriations Committee has never reduced 

a request of the Department for its ICSU dues. The only limiting 

factor in the earlier years has been the fact tha t for at least 2 years 

the dues were in excess of the $9,000 ceiling. Therefore, the Appropriations Committee, as well as the executive department felt itself 

confined to tha t figure.

Mr. Derwinski. In other words, the prewar ceiling was inadequate. 

Since the $65,000 figure has been the ceiling, you have had no 

problem?

Mr. Cummins. The appropriation problem in fiscal 1966, which 

covered calendar year 1965 was tha t we could not ask for the actual 

amount of the dues. We could only ask for $65,000 and tha t amount 

was just appropriated, or at least reported by the House committee 

and approved on the House floor the other day.

Mr. Derwinski. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Fascell. Mr. Roybal.

Mr. Roybal. Mr. Brown, on page 17, you end the page by saying, 

“I would hazard the estimate that even if the United States did not 

represent substantial scientific benefit from these organizations, it 

would be clearly in the national interest to enable them to exist for 

the international relations benefits.”

I get the feeling from reading tha t state ment that you think tha t 

the international relations benefits are most important. But I go 

beyond that, and get the feeling that it may be even more important 

than the scientific benefits tha t are derived. Would you clarify that?
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 23

Mr. Brown. I was attem pting to make the point, Mr. Roybal, 

first of all, there are very real substantial scientific benefits. But I 

am more and more impressed by the benefits which we derive just 

from cooperating and creating cooperative programs with other 

countries, and making it possible for intelligent men of good will to 

get together at these international conferences. They obviously talk 

about things other than pure science. It is very interesting to hear 

what some of our Soviet colleagues say about the kinds of lives they 

lead and about w hat their hopes are. It is very interesting to form 

these contacts with scientists who are desperately trying to develop 

science, almost with their fingernails, in countries such as Nigeria, 

Brazil, Chile, and Peru. These bonds, I believe, are terribly important 

bonds which have already, I believe, contributed substantially to 

increased understanding among groups of intelligent men of good will.

Mr. Roybal. Could you say the United States makes an overall 

contribution to the progress of the world by being a member of this 

organization?

Mr. Brown. Yes. I think this organization, ICSU, and its unions, 

stays remarkably clear of the political difficulties of the East-West 

which plague the United Nations and which plague many of the U.N. 

agencies. I have heard and I have seen international politics raise its 

head at these meetings from time to time, but there, it is very rare 

and usually very, very mild compared with the intergovernmental 

organizations.

Mr. Roybal. You stated tha t the meetings were held every 3 

years, originally. Now it is going to be every 2 years.

Mr. Brown. This is the General Assembly of ICSU.

Mr. Roybal. It must be important for the General Assembly to 

be meeting every 2 years instead of every 3 years. Can you tell me 

why?

Mr. Brown. Yes. When we met in Vienna in November 1963, 

we concluded tha t scientific change is taking place, and scientific 

experimentation and activ ity is taking place so rapidly, tha t a gap of 

3 years is much too long. Too many new results appear, too many 

new conditions emerge.

Mr. Roybal. Do you think the time will come soon when you will 

be meeting every year?

Mr. Brown. It may very well.

Mr. Roybal. This will be due to the fact that more and more new 

scientific development takes place and, therefore, there will be an 

exchange of ideas more frequently than you are having now?

Mr. Brown. That is correct.

Mr. R oybal. That is all, M r. Chairman.

Mr. Fascell. I have just one final question, Professor. Is automatic data processing equipment used in any of these unions or 

conferences or in any of the administrative headquarters?

Mr. Brown. Not in the administrative headquarters. I would 

like to show you a picture of the secretariat of ICSU, which is in a 

building tha t must be at least 100 years old, in Rome, loaned to us 

by the Italian Government, ren t free. I believe it does have a washbasin, but tha t is about it. There certainly is no room for any automatic data processing equipment.

Mr. Fascell. 1 didn’t really mean for administrative purposes. I 

meant for scientific da ta retrieval, and so on.
24 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIF IC UNIONS

Mr. Brown. Yes, indeed. There are two important facts which 

should be noted here. First of all, as a result of the International 

Geophysical Year, three world data centers were established, Mr. 

Chairman.

Mr. Fascell. Is that under the auspices of the International 

Council?

Mr. Brown. It is under the auspices of the International Council.

Mr. Fascell. Where are the three data centers?

Mr. Brown. One is in Washington, one is in Moscow.

STATEMENT OF DR. T. W. JOYCE, INTERNATIONAL SCIE NTIFIC 

AND TECHNOLOGICAL AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Dr. J oyce. I might say the U.S. center, as such, is divided with the 

headquarters here. There are about a dozen agencies scattered 

throughout the country where the material is actually held physically. 

In the case of the Soviet center, it is divided between the Moscow and 

a center some 30 or 40 miles outside, I understand. The third center 

is distributed in Western Europe, and I believe there is also a branch 

of it in Japan . The whole purpose here is to have complete sets of 

data available in convenient locations worldwide, so tha t any scientist 

who has a legitimate reason to call for these data can get them quickly.

Mr. Brown. I would like to add to that, if I may, sir.

Mr. Fascell. Excuse me, but this data is not mechanically held?

Mr. Brown. Much of it is mechanically held, yes. For example, 

the hydrographic office of the Navy.

Mr. Fascell. I assume it is all basic data?

Dr. J oyce. It is basic data; yes, sir.

Mr. Brown. I would like to add to that ICSU is very much concerned with the current situation with respect to scientific information, storage, and retrieval. It is becoming a horrible problem. At 

the prodding of our Academy we are going to establish a special committee of ICSU to look into this matter very carefully and to recommend what ought to be done from an international point of view to 

coordinate on-going activities. There is very serious danger that the 

United States will go ahead on a program of its own, th at the U.S.S.R. 

will go ahead on a program of its own, and already there are activities 

in France and Japan. We are terribly afraid that these will grow to 

the point where we cannot mesh them together. It is terribly important, I believe, that there be some kind of an international coordination of these activities and preferably the emergence of some kind of 

international system.

Mr. Gross. Mr. Chairman, may I ask one question?

Mr. Fascell. Yes.

Mr. Gross. I am still not clear as to the financing of this organization. You asked for $65,000 in this bill.

Mr. Brown. No, sir.

Mr. F ascell. No?

Mr. Gross. Tell me what you have in mind?

Mr. Brown. Shall I-----

Mr. Gross. The words, “Such annual share shall not exceed $65,000 

in any one year.”

Mr. Fascell. Th at will be stricken out.
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 25

Mr. Brown. It is suggested tha t be struck out and inserted in 

lieu thereof the words, “the United States annual share.” In other 

words, the $65,000 limit would be removed.

Mr. Gross. Then what do you want? What are you asking for?

Mr. Brown. We are asking for the privilege of going to the State 

Department and saying, “This year the dues will be $78,000,” and let 

tha t be processed with the usual controls that are present through 

appropriations. Next year it may be up to $100,000. It is difficult 

to predict. But we are suggesting th at coming back very frequently 

to get the removal of a ceiling which has been placed causes more 

difficulties for everybody.

Mr. Gross. Why shouldn’t you have a ceiling? Why shouldn’t 

this committee set a ceiling each year? Why shouldn’t we review 

what you are doing and put on a ceiling? Why shouldn’t we authorize 

a specific amount?

Mr. Brown. Would you care to comment on that?

STATEMENT OF SIDNEY S. CUMMINS, OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL

ADMINISTRATION , BUREAU OF INTERNATION AL ORGANIZATION AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Mr. Cummins. I would be very happy to. I don’t wish to prolong 

the dialog we had on this same subject a couple of weeks ago. I 

think there are many reasons why the State Department feels tha t 

legislation without ceilings is more desirable than legislation with 

ceilings.

Mr. Gross. I have no doubt tha t the State Department feels tha t 

way about it.

Mr. Cummins. At the same time, we recognize the very legitimate 

concern of the Congress on this issue. We certainly don’t say tha t 

elimination of a ceiling is a life-and-death issue. Ceilings are certainly 

something we can live with. If the Congress feels that a ceiling 

should be placed on these pieces of legislation, we are perfectly willing 

to accept that ceiling. We feel th at like men of good will everywhere 

people can have the same set of facts and come up with different conclusions. The State Department feels there should not be a ceiling. 

Congress thinks there should be. I think this is certainly something 

very legitimately within the purview and concern of the congressional 

committees.

Mr. Derwinski. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a question?

Mr. Fascell. By all means.

Mr. Derwinski. I note in the list of countries adhering to these 

various scientific unions, tha t North Vietnam, North Korea, and 

East Germany are members. Have there been any instances in your 

various meetings where you have run into this conflict of the West 

Germans not wishing to work with the East Germans and vice versa? 

Have you been caught in any of these diplomatic or protocol problems?

Mr. Brown. The East German-West, German situation has consumed more hours of my time than I care to remember, largely 

because of travel restrictions. These are not the only difficulties. 

There have been so many exclusion principles in operation in the 

international scene that the earth is rapidly becoming uninhabitable 

for scientific meetings. The Taiwan-mainland China exclusion, Ea st
26 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIF IC UNIONS

German- West Ger man, the Israeli-A rab situatio n, So uth Africans 

ca n’t go to India—or could n’t— and so for th, with the resu lt for a 

while the only places we could have inter na tio na l scientific meetin gs 

com fortab ly, where every body could attend , were Stockh olm and 

Vienna, and possibly Geneva—m aybe Mexico City. Ea ch of the unio ns 

has a res tricti on to the effect th at all bona fide scientists should be 

pe rm itted to atte nd basically no m at te r wha t their co un try of origin. 

Le t m e pu t it this w ay; their c ou ntry of origin should n ot be a b arrier. 

As a r esult of this, for a while we ha d grea t difficulty ourselves, bu t it 

is now possible for Eas t Ge rm ans to get visas to come to the Un ite d 

State s specifically for scien tific meetings.

Mr. F ascell. It sou nd like the title of a great epic, “Science 

Stru ggles Migh tily To Rise Abo ve Politics.”

Mr. Brown. It is no t easy, sir.

Mr. F asc ell. Th an k you very much, Professor Brown.

We will go into executive session now to consider these matt ers. 

(Wh ereupo n, at 11:50 a.m ., th e com mittee proceeded to executive 

session.)
A P P E N D I X

INTERN AT IONA L COUNCIL OF SC IE NTI FI C UNIONS 

Financial Statement for the Year Ended Dec. 31,1963 

[All currencies expressed in U.S. dollars] 

treasurer’s report

I have pleasure in submitting , to all members of ICSU, the accounts for the 

yea r ended December 31, 1963. Last yea r I reaffirmed my sta tem ent to the 14th Executive Board meeting in 

Prag ue, in October 1962, th at I felt it necessary for the continued welfare of 

ICS U th at the excess of a ssets over liabilities a t the end of any year should be at 

leas t $50,000; and, with the furth er increase in the Council’s activities, I believe 

th at t his is even more tru e now than it was then.

The increased subscriptions which came into force in 1963 have enabled us to 

increase the free balance of ICS U from $12,500 at December 31, 1962, to over 

$31,000 at December 31, 1963, bu t the hoped for gifts to the Special Fun d and 

the Working Capita l Fun d have not yet materialized and the heavy expenditure, 

particu larly on IBP which does not y et have any income of its own, has reduced 

these Funds to such an extent th at the increase in the total fun ds at the disposal 

of ICSU at December 31, 1963, over those at Decem ber 31, 1962, is less than 

$1,500. I should, therefore, like to tak e this o ppo rtun ity of appealing most urgently for 

the contributions to ICSU, especially to the Special and Working Capita l Fun ds 

which we had hoped to receive in 1963. I hope very sincerely indeed th at sub ­

stantial contributions will be forthcoming in 1964 as these Fun ds are essential 

to the early stages of new p rojects which the Council is most anxious to undertake.

G. Laclay&re, Treasu rer.

R E P O R T O F TH E A U D IT O RS TO T H E M EM BER S O F T H E IN T E R N A T IO N A L CO U N C IL OF 

S C IE N T IF IC U N IO N S

We have examined the books and vouchers of the Internatio nal Council of 

Scientific Unions, together with retu rns from member Unions and other organizations and have obtained all the information and explanations which, to the best 

of our knowledge and belief, were necessary for the purposes of our audit.

We have also examined the attached balance shee t and income and expenditure 

acco unt of the Council, together with suppleme ntary statem ents, as listed below: 

Balance sheet.

Income and expenditure account.

Utilization of the UNESCO subvention to ICSU.

Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Services (FAGS).

Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR).

Scientific Committee on Antarc tic Research (SCAR).

Committee on Space Research (COSPAR).

Commit^ Internatio nal de G6ophysique (CIG).

Special Committee for the Internatio nal Quiet Sun Years (IQSY). 

Inte r-Union Committee for Frequency Allocations for Radio Astronom y 

and Space Science (IUC AF).

Joint Commission on Applied Radioac tivity (JCAR).

Internatio nal Biological Programme (IBP).

Inte r-Union Committee on Science Teaching (IUCST ).

ICS U Review Fund.

ICS U Working Capital Fund.

ICS U Special F und.

Annual dues received from member Unions.

Annual dues received from national members.

27
28 the international council of scientific unions

In our opinion, the above accounts and statem ents give a true and fair view of 

the state of the Council’s affairs as at December 31, 1963, and of the excess of 

income over expenditure for the year ended on th at date.

Gimson & Co., 

Chartered Accountants.

Charterhouse, London, E.C.i.

June 15, 1964.

Ba lan ce sheet as at Dec. 31, 1963

As at Dec. 

31, 1962

Ass ets:

Cash an d Tr ea su ry b ill s_________________________________

Am ou nt on dep osit with the Pe rp et ua l Bu ilding Ass ociation . 

Su nd ry de btors_________________________________________

$93,262

17,863 

49,115

$112,649 

18,774 

48,461

Su bt ot al . 151,240 179,884

Less liab ilities:

Balan ce to be accounted for in resp ec t of th e allocati on to IC SU itse lf from 

th e UNES CO Su bven tio n:

JC A R ___ _____ _____ ____________________________________ ____

IU C A F ______________________________________ _____ __________

FA Q S....... — ...................................... .................................................... ........

226

2,880 2.654

243

Su bt ot al .

Funds belonging to su bs idiary o rga niz ations:

FA G S________________________________

SC O R ____ ___________________________

SC A R __________ ____ ________________

C O SPA R . __________________________

C IO ______ ___________________________

IQ SY ________________________________

IU C A F______________________________

IB P _________________________________

IC SU review fu nd ..........................................

JC A R ________ ____ ___________________

IU C ST _______ ____ ___________________

S ubto ta l.... 

Su nd ry c reditors. 

Subto ta l. ...........

Tota l.

Re pr es en ted by—

IC SU sp ecia l fu nd ________ ______ ____

Les s I C SU workin g capital fun d:

Loans o utstan ding a t Dec. 31, 1963 

Ded uc t am ou nt of f un d______________

Su btot al .

Tota l______________ _________

IC SU wo rkin g ca pital fund......... .

Les s Loans o utstan ding a t Dec. 31.

Sub to ta l___ _______

Special fund for IA AC.

3,106

15,332 

21,612 

(1,658) 

32,492 

(621) 

4,128 

15,000 

2,202 

3,000

91,487 

22,250

116,843

34,397

10.530

27,800 

(16. 500)

11,300

2.897

15,332 

17, 579 

(1.448) 

43, 788 

(2,388) 

5,728 

16,500 

1,699

(633)

(372)

95,785 

45,353

144,035

35,849

8,530

(32,750) 

27,800

(4,950)

3,580

1,000

IC SU free balance:

As at Ja n. 1, 1963.............................. ................ .......................

Add excess of in come ov er ex pe nd itu re d uring th e yea r.

11,771

796

12,567 

18,702

As at Dec. 31,1963. 

T ota l........... ..........

12,567

34,397

31,269

35 849
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIFIC UNIONS 29

Income and expenditure account for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Previou s

ye ar

1963

Income:

An nu al dues receiv ed:

Nationa l mem be rs __________________________ j

Mem be r un ions ................................................................. ..

Sub to ta l__________ ____ _______________________

Par t of grant of $8,400 from the Ro yal Soc iety of Londo n. 

Ban k interest an d profit on exchan ge (n et )______ ______

Dues from scientific a nd spe cial c om mi tte es:

SC O R _____ ________________________ ___________

SC A R __________________________________________

C O SPA R _______________________________ ______ _

IQ SY ----------------------------------------------------------------

Su bt ot al ______ _______________________________

T ota l___ _____ ______ ______ ____________________

Ex pe nd itu re:

Expen ses of meet ing s: 

Gener al Assem bly. 

Ex ec utive B oar d..

Bur ea u__________

Othe r m ee tin gs __

Sub to ta l__________________

G ra nt to I C SU Abs trac tin g Board.

$68,890

5,019

73,909

2,800

2,651

335

280

1,487

263

2,365

81,725

10,328

2,391

1,273

13,992

$115,180 

5,859

121, 039

2,384

360 

360 

1, 742 

614

3,076

126,499

20,893

3,302 

2,458

26,653 

5,000

Exp en diture o n IC SU Revie w (net) 

Less balan ce of fun d at Ja n. 1,1 963..

Su btotal.

A dm in istra tiv e expense s:

Staff sala rie s, et c_________________________ _____________________

Tr av el a nd su bs ist en ce_______________________ _________________

Tr av eling expense s of IC SU repr es en ta tiv es at me etin gs of othe r

scie ntific b odies ____ ___________________________ ______________

Re present ation_______________ _________ ____ _____ _____________

Secre tarial ex penses of officers of th e Cou nc il............................. . ............

Pr in ting of y earbook, et c_______________________________________

Pu rcha se of 1,500 copies of th e I C SU Rev iew_____________________

Aud it fee and ex pen ses _________________________________________

Office fur ni tu re a nd eq uip m en t__________________________________

Re moval expen ses _____________________________________________

Gener al office expen ses ........................................ ...................................... .

Su bt ot al ...................... . .................................................................................

T o ta l. .. ............................................................................................. ............ .

Excess of incom e o ver e xp en di ture for y ea r_____________________

7,302 

(3, 000)

4,302

35,780 

3,492

35,626 

3,220

3,672 3,442

735 985

1,320 1, 016

1,936 7,495

3,000 3,000

2,732 3,458

2,704 

4,501 

7,065

2,552

11, 048

66,937 71,842

80,929 107,797

796 18,702
30 THE INTERN ATION AL COUNCIL OF SCIE NTIF IC UNIONS

Statement showing the util ization of the UN ES CO subvention to IC SU for the

year 1963

E x p en d it u re in curr ed di re ct ly b y IC S U :

In te rn ati o n al m ee tings :

Jo in t C om m is si on o n A p p li e d R ad io acti v it y ( J C A R ) .__

P erm a n en t s ervice s a n d o th er a c ti v it ie s of in te rn ati o n al sc op e:

IC S U A b st ra cti n g B o ard _______________________________

F A Q S ............... ..................................................................................

S C O R ................. ................................................... ......... ...................

I U C A P ____ _________ _____________ ___________________

IQ S Y _____ __________ ______________ __________________

S u b to ta l- ............................ ............................................................

T o ta l_______________________________ _____ . ____ _____

P a y m e n ts b y m em ber u nio ns:

I A U ............... ................. ............................................................................

I U B .......................................................................................... ........... ..

IU B S ................ ................................. ........................................................

I U P A C .................................................................... ................. .................

I U C R _________________________________________ ______ ____

I U G G ____ ________________ ____ ____________ ____ ________

I G U ..............................................................................................................

IU G S ._ _ _ ........................................................................... .......................

I U H P S ________ _______ _______________ ___________________

IM U ................. ..... ............... ........................... . ....................... . ........... -

IU T A M ..................................................................................................

I U P A P ...................................................................... ................. ........... -

I U P S ............................................................................ . .............................

U R S I...........................................................................................................

T o ta l___________________________ _____________ ___________

Le ss n e t am o u n t over sp en t b y m em b er un io ns , etc ...........................

T o ta l.........................................................................................................

U N E S C O su b v en ti o n t o IC S U for 1963.....................................

Pre vio us

ye ar

1963

$3,310 $1, 726

5,000

27 i084 27,757

3, 569

6; 023 4, 726

4,0 00

41,676 36, 483

44,986 38,209

23,074 24,966

5,875 8,4 52

31,677 16,9 12

23,046 15,831

10, 416 21,414

13,460 21, 461

17,710 11,2 14

5,3 14

13,841 5,631

12,400 6,6 58

14,301 

19.341

7,214

15,574 37,52 4

203,153 182,591

73,139 45,800

130,014 136, 791

175,000 175,000
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 31

FAGS

Stateme nt of income and expenditure of the Federation of Astronomica l and Geophys ical Services fo r the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

The funds available to the Federation were as under—

Subventions from UNESCO:

Allocation from the UNESCO Subvention to ICSU ________ $28, 000

Subvention from UNESCO to FAGS____________________ 22, 000

Subtotal__________________________________________ 50, 000

Balance brought forward from previous year____________________ 15, 332

Total------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65, 332

The above funds were allocated and utilized as under—

B al an ce s R ec ei pts 

a t D ec . 31, d u ri n g

1962 1963

P ay m e n ts

d u ri n g

1963

Bal an ce s 

a t D ec . 31, 

1963

B u re au In te rn ati o n a l de l ’H eu re_____ ________________

Se rv ic e In te rn ati o n a l de s L a tit u d e s ....................................

In te rn ati o n a l P o la r M o ti o n Ser vi ce ___________________

Se rv ic e P erm a n en t de s In di ce s G gom ag ngti ques _______

B u re au G ra v im g tr iq u e In te rn ati o n a l____ ____ ________

In te rn ati o n a l Se ismol og ical S u m m a ry _________________

B u ll eti n M ensu el d u B u re au Sg ism ol og iq ue In te rn a ­

ti o n a l_______________ ____ __________________ _______

Se rv ic e d u B u ll eti n T ri m est ri el de 1’Acti v it y S o la ir e .. . .

In te rn ati o n a l U rs ig ra m s an d W orl d D ay s S er vic e_____

P erm a n en t Se rv ic e for M ean Se a L evel ________________

Se rv ic e P e rm a n en t de s M ar ge s T err est re s_____________

A d m in is tr ati v e Exp ense s_____________ ____ ____________

U nal lo ca te d an d transf er re d to 1964........................................

S u b to ta l________________________________________

T o ta l....... ........... ........... ................................. .....................

I n ad d it io n to th e ab ov e, cert ain se rv ic es re ce iv ed th e 

fo llo wing fu nds from o th er sour ce s:

Se rv ic e P erm a n en t de s In dic es G fo in ag n g ti q u es___

C o n tr ib u ti o n from I A G A ..........................................

C o n tr a ct w it h U N E S C O _____________________

B u re a u G ra v im g tr iq u e In te rn ati o n al:

B al an ce of al lo ca tion from IA G ________________

In te rn ati o n a l Se ismolog ical S u m m a ry _____________

H .M . T re asu ry (p er R o y al S oci ety )............. .........

U .S . N ati o n al Sc ienc e F o u n d a tio n .. ........... .........

B u ll eti n M ensu el d u B u re au Sg ism ol og iq ue In te rn a ti o n al...... ................. ................. ................... ..................

C o n tr ib u ti o n f ro m I A S P E I ___________________

P erm a n en t Se rv ice for M ean Se a Lev el : C o n tr a ct 

w it h U N E S C O ................................ .............................

$4,96 4

1,418

144

4,4 58 

2,135 

2

2,211

15,332 

65, 332

529

136

8,253

(1,539 )

$11,000

5,000

4,000

3,000

7,00 0

4,500

1,800

3,000

4,0 00

6,70 0

50,000

1,000

2,500

S u b to ta l_________ _______ _____ ________________

T o ta l........ ........... ....... ............... ............... ......... .................

7,37 9

30,4 60

” 5,600 I 

9,981 J

3,0 00 } 

1,000 

23,081

$13,196 

1,418 

1,408 

3,71 7 

3,13 4 

7,00 0

6,63 6 

1,436 

1,986 

2, 502 

2,881 

4,443

49,757 

65,

2,500

12,971

1,461 . . .

1,000 . . . .

17,9 32

30,460

I

$2,7 68

3,5 92

283

(134)

(2,136 ) 

508

2,472

(367)

121

1,768 

6,700

15,575

1,529

136

10,863

12,528

}

N o t e: N o th in g is in clu ded a bove in res pec t of esti m ate d co n tr ib u ti o n s f or r en ts , s er vi ce s, p er so nnel , etc.
32 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS

SCOR

Statement of income and expenditure of the Scientific Committee on

(SCOR) fo r the year ended Dec. SI , 1963

Income:

Contract between UNESCO and SCO R---------------------------------

Contributions from national members:

Australia____________________________________ $500

Canad a_____________________________________ 500

China (Ta iwan) ______________________________ 100

Den mark____________________________________ 200

Fin lan d___ _________________________________ 100

France ______________________________________ 1, 000

German Federal Republic_____________________ 1, 000

India_______________________________________ 500

Ja pa n______________________________________ 500

Malagasy Republic (1962 and 1963)------------------- 200

Netherlands_________________________________ 276

New* Zealand________________________________ 100

Norway_____________________________________ 500

Philippines, th e______________________________ 100

Poland ______________________________________ 100

South Africa_________________________________ 500

Sweden_____________________________________ 100

U.S.S.R ____________________________________ _____

United Kingdom_____________________________ 1,000

United State s________________________________ 3, 000

c Research

$12,500

10,276

Total income_______________________________

Expenditure:

Meeting s:

VI ann ual meeting, Halifax----------------- $16, 476

Executive meeting, Paris--------------— 3, 624

Working group on abstracts and bibliographies___________________________ 1,290

22, 776

Travel as SCO R rep resentative at o ther meetings-------

Publication and distribu tion of intercalibration test 

rep orts________________________________________

$21,390

2,936

507

Adm inistrativ e expenses:

Salaries____________________________ $1, 019

Office and secretarial expenses_________ 597

Dues to ICSU ___________________________________

1,616

360

26, 809

Excess of expenditure over income foi' the y ear --------------------

Balance in han d at Jan. 1, 1963----------------------------------------

Less excess of ex penditure over income for the y ear (as ab ove )--------

Balance in han d at Dec. 31, 1963--------------------------------------

(4, 033)

21, 612 

(4, 033)

17, 579
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 33

SCAR

Stat ement of income and expenditu re of the Scienti fic Committee on Antarctic Research (S CAR) for the year ended Dec. 81, 1963

Income:

Con tributions from national members:

Arg entina___________________________________

Austra lia____________________________________

Belgium_____________________________________

France______________________________________

Japan (1962)_________________________________

New Zea land ________________________________

Norway_____________________________________

South Africa--------------------------------------------------

United Kingdom_____________________________

United States________________________________

U.S.S.R. (p ar t)______________________________

$1, 208 

1, 208 

500 

1, 208 

500 

854 

500 

1, 031 

1,385 

1,385 

500

$10, 279

Expenditure:

VII SCAR meeting, Cape Town------------------------------ 3, 446

Publication of b ullet in____________________________ 1, 303

Trav el expenses a s SCAR represen tative at other meetings__________________________________________ 1, 609

Adm inistrative expenses:

Salaries and honorar ia___________ ____ $2, 487

Trav el expenses oth er tha n to mee tin gs.. 175

Office and secreta rial expenses-------------- 689

--------- 3,351

D ues to IC SU __________________ _____ __________ 360 -------- 10,069

210

(1,658) Excess of income over expenditure for the y ear 

Less balance overspent at Jan . 1, 1963----------

Balance overspent at Dec. 31, 1963---------------------------------------------- (1, 448)

(in addition to loan of $1,500 from the ICSU working capital fund)

COSPAR

Statement of income and exp enditure o f the Committee on Space Research (C OSP AR )

for the year ended Dec. 81, 1968

Incom e:

Contributions from Na tional Committees:

Arg entina__________________________ $1, 000

Australia___________________________ 2, 500

Austria____________________________ ______

Belgium____________________________ 1, 000

Ca nada____________________________ 2, 500

Czechoslovakia______________________ 1, 000

Fra nce _____________________________ 2, 500

German Dem ocratic Republic_________ 500

German Federal Repub lic____________ 1, 000

Hu ngary ___________________________ ______

Ind ia (1962 an d 1963)_______________ 2, 000

Ital y_______________________________ 2, 500

Ja pa n______________________________ 2, 500

Ne the rlands ________________________ 1, 000

Norway (1960, 1961, and 1962)________ 3, 000

Pa kista n___________________________ 2, 500

Poland _____________________________ 1, 000

Rumania___________________________ ______

South Africa________________________ 1, 000

Sweden____________________________ 1, 000

Switzerland_________________________ 1, 000

U.S.S.R ____________ _____ _________ 5,00 0

United Kingdo m____________________ 2, 500

United States_______________________ 5, 000
34 th e intern ationa l council of sc ient ific union s

Statement of income and expenditure of the Committee on Space Research {C OSPAR)

for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963—Continued

Income—C ontinued

Additional voluntary con tributio ns from national members:

Fra nce _____________________________ $2, 500

United King dom____________________ 282

United State s_______________________ 5, 000

---------- $7,782

Total received from national members________ 49, 782

Royalties received________________________________ 3, 939

---------- $53, 721

Expenditure:

Expenses of meetings:

Warsaw Meeting and Symposium______ $17, 464

Less:

Contra ct with U NE SC O. ($5, 000)

Registration fees______ (3, 010)

------------ (8,010)

9, 454

Consultative Group on Potentially H armful Effects of Space Experime nts____ 434

Working Group II for the

T f l G V a u a Q Q

Less contra ct w ith UN ES CO . (1, 500) _______ 2 j g2

COSPAR Burea u____________________ 663

---------- 13, 734

Represe ntation of COSPAR at other meetings_______ 427

Con tributio n to IUCA F___________________________ 500

Publication of COSPAR bulletins , etc _______________ 3, 985

Adm inistrativ e expenses:

Salaries, et c________________________ $13, 709

Travel expenses other tha n to meetings. _ 534

Rent, heating, lighting, and cleaning of

office__________________ 2,317

Furniture a nd equip me nt_____________ 689

Remo val expenses___________________ 1, 565

Postages (including mailing of bulletin,

etc.)_____________________________ 1, 376

Other office and secretarial expenses___ 1, 847

---------- 22,037

Dues to ICSU—3^ percen t of $49,782______________ 1, 742

42, 425

Excess of income over expenditure for the y ear______________ 11, 296

Add balance in h and a t Jan. 1, 1963_________________________ 32, 492

Balance in hand at Dec. 31, 1963__________________________ 43, 788
TH E INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 35

CIG

State ment of income and expenditu re of the Comite Internatio nal de Geop hysique

(CIG) for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Income:

Sales of pub lica tions------------------------------------------------------------

Expenditure:

Adm inistration:

Sala ries_______________________ _____________

Travel expenses ot her t ha n to meetings---------------

Office and secretarial expe nses---------------------------

S3,854 

1, 401 

87

86

5,342

Excess of expenditure over income for the year------------------------------ (5, 336)

Less b alance at Jan. 1, 1963:

Amount due from IUGG in respec t of errors in 1961 re

pub lications charged to CIG in error-----------------------

Deduc t sun dry minor adjustm ents----------------------------

$3, 600 

(31)

Less balance as per accounts at Dec. 31, 1962---------------

3, 569 

(621)

Balance overspent at Dec. 31, 1963________________________ (2, 388)

Note.—The above figures take no account of the claim by CIG for reimburse ment by mem ber unions of 

expenses in rela tion to earlier years totaling $9,765, as per report of the CIG Finance Com mittee accepted a t 

the 5th meeting of CI G on Aug. 21,1963.
36 th e int ernatio nal council of sc ient ific un ions

IQSY

Statement of income and expenditure of the Special Committee for the International

Quiet Sun Years (IQSY) for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Income:

Contributions from national committees:

Australia (1962-63)___________________________ $500

Austria (1962-63)_______________________________ 200

Cana da (1962-63)____________________________ 1, 500

China (Taiwan) (1962-63)________________________ 200

Fran ce (1962-63 and 1963-64)___ ____ ________ 5, 066

German Democratic Republic (1962-63)________ 500

German Federal Republic (1962-63)____________ 2,50 0

Irela nd (1962-63)____________________________ 200

New Zealand (1962-63)_______________________ 280

Peru (1962-63)_______________________________ 200

Poland (1962-63 and 1963-64)_________________ 400

South Africa (1962-63)________________________ 500

Spain (1962-63)_________________________ 300

United Kingdom (1962-63)____________________ 5, 000

Vietnam Democratic Republic (1962-63)________ 200

--------- $17,546

UNESCO contract_______________________________________ 10, 000

Allocation from UNESCO gra nt to IC S U .__________________ 4, 000

Contribution from IU G G _________________________________ 1, 000

Sale of pub lications______________________________________ 652

To tal__________________ ____ ____________ ____________ 33,198

Expenditure:

Expenses of meetings:

Rome Assembly______________________ $5, 183

Bureau meeting, Los Angeles, United

States_____________________________ 1, 269

--------- $6,452

Pub lications_____________________________________ 6, 050

Adm inistrative expenses:

Salaries_____________________________ $12, 670

Travel expenses, other than to meetin gs.. 1,124

Office and secretarial expenses__________ 3,18 8

--------- 16,982

Dues to IC SU ___________________________________ 614

--------- 30,098

Excess of income over expenditure for t he year___________________ 3, 100

Add balance in hand at Jan. 1, 1963________________________ 4, 128

To tal______________ ____ ___________ _________________ 7,228

Less rep aym ent of loan from ICSU Working Capital Fund (leaving $3,500 outsta nding )_________________________________ (1, 500)

Balance in hand Dec. 31, 1963_________________________________ 5, 728

N ote.—The contribution of $7,500 from the U.S. National Committee for 1962-03 was received in 1962.
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS 37

IUCAF

Statement of income and expenditure of the Inter-L inio n Committee for Frequency

Allocations for Radio, Astronomy, and Space Science (IU CAF) fo r the year

ended Dec. SI , 1963

Income:

Allocation from the UNESCO subvention to IC SU ____________ $4, 500

Contributions from—

UR SI______________ $500

IAW __________________________________________ 500

COSPAR_____ _____________________ 500

------------ 1,50 0

Tot al________________________________________________ 6, 000

Expenditures:

Honorarium to Secretary General_________________ $2, 500

Expenses of m eetings____________________________ 1, 003

Representation of IU CA F at other meetings_______ 950

Pub lica tion s____________________________________ 5

Office and secretarial expenses____________________ 268

------------ 4, 726

Excess of income over expenditure for the y ear------------------------------ 1, 274

Add balance in han d at J an . 1, 1963____________________________ 17, 880

Balance in h and at Dec. 31, 1963________________________________ 19, 154

Represented by—

Balance to be accoun ted for in respect of allocation to ICS U itself from the UNESCO subvention for 1963, as per balance she et-------------- $2, 654

Balance of other Fun ds, held by UR SI-------------- 1

 16, 500

------------ 19, 154

i T his sum is shown in the balance sheet as belonging to IUCA F— and is also included in “S und ry 

deb tors .”

JCAR

Statement of income and expenditure of the Jo int Commission on Ap plied Ra dio ­

activity for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Income: Allocation from th e UNESCO subvention to ICS U__________ $1,5 00

Expenditure: Expenses of me eting in Athens______________________ 2, 359

Excess of expenditure over income for the y ear_______________ (859)

Less balance in hand at Jan . 1, 1963_____________________________ 226

Balance overspent a t Dec. 31, 1963_________________________ (633)
38 the international council of scientific unions

IBP

Statement of income and expenditure of the international biological program (.IBP)

for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Income: Grant from ICSU Special Fu nd -------------------------------------

Expenditure: Planning Committee, Rome_______________________ $4, 047

Working Groups:

A- I—Ecology________________________ $2, 203

A-II—Physiology____________________ 2, 038

A-III—C onservation_________________ 840

B—Freshwater Comm ittee____________ 782

C—Marine Com munities______________ 367

D—H uman Ad aptab ility______________ 1, 906

--------- 8, 136

Travel as IBP representa tives a t other m eetin gs_______ 760

Publications_____________________________________ 45

Adm inistration: Salaries_____________________________ $6, 121

Travel other than to meetings--------------- 1, 076

Sundries____________________________ 68 --------- 7,265

$2, 000

20, 253

Excess of expenditure over income for the year_______ (18,253)

Balance in h and at Jan. 1, 1963------------------------------------- $2, 202

Add loan from ICS U working capital fund (in addition to

loan of $10,000 in 1962)_____________________________ 17, 750 --------- 19,952

Less excess of expenditure over income for the year (as abo ve)----------- (18, 253)

Balance in hand at Dec. 31, 1963-------------------------------------- 1, 699

IUC ST

Statement of income and expenditure of the Inter-Union Committee on Science

Teaching from its inception to Dec. 31, 1963

Income_________________________________________________________ 0 Expenditure: Traveling expenses of represe ntative at ICS U General

Assembly in Vienna--------------------------------------------------------------------$372

Balance overspent at Dec. 31, 1963----------------------------------------- (372)

ICS U Special F und

Statement of the I CSU special fund for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Balance in hand at Jan. 1, 1963-------------------------------------------------- $10, 530 Less gra nt made from the Fund, IB P------------------------------------------- (2, 000)

Balance in h and at Dec. 31, 1963--------------------------------------- 8, 530

ICS U Working Capital F und

Statement of the IC SU Working Capital Fund for the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Balance in hand at Jan. 1, 1963-------------------------------------------------- $11, 300 Add repaym ent of loan, IQS Y---------------------------------------------------- 1, 500

To tal__________________________________________________ 12, 800

Less loan made during the year, IB P------------------------------------------- (17, 750)

Balance overspent at Dec. 31, 1963------------------------------------- (4, 950)
THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENT IFIC UNIONS 39

ICSU R e v ie w F und

Stateme nt of income and expenditure of the IC S U Review Fu nd fo r the year ended

Dec. 31, 1963

Income: Royalties receiv ed from sales of ICSU

Review in 1962_____________________________________________

Expenditure:

Salary of edit or___________________________ $4, 500

Social security and pension payments for e dit or. 577

--------- $5,077

Grant to edito r for secr etarial expenses_______________ 1, 500

Traveling expenses________________________________ 629

Office ren t (London )_______________________________ 245

Sundries_________________________________________ 18

$167

7, 469

Excess of expenditure over income for th e year (7, 302)

Less balance in han d at Jan . 1, 1963_______________________ 3, 000

Excess of expenditure over income (including 

Balance at Jan . 1, 1963) charged in the ICSU

Income and expenditure acc oun t________________________ (4, 302)

An nu al dues received fro m member unio ns in respect of the year ended Dec. 31, 1963

Member union Previous

year

Dues

received

International Astronomical Un ion ..... ........ ........... ......... ............................ ......

Internation al Union of Biochemistry_________________________________

Internation al Union of Biological Sciences___________________ _________

Int ernationa l Union of Pure an d A pplied C hem istry______________ _____

Internation al Union of Crystallogra phy _____ ________ _________________

International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.................. .............. .............

Internationa l Geographical Union........... ..................... ................................. .

Int ernational Union of Geological Sciences.................. ......................................

Internationa l Union of the History and Philosophy of Science........................

International Mathematical Union___________________________________

Int ernational Union of Theoretical an d Applied Mechanics____ __________

Internationa l Union of Pure a nd Ap plied Phy sics_______ _______________

International Union of Physiological Sciences_________ ___________ _____

Internationa l Scientific Radio Union...................................................................

$419

108

220

1,118

150

1,170

266

1M

143

123

483

103

556

$456 

118 

382 

1,428 

142 

1,225 

273 

495 

152 

119 

138 

381 

81 

469

T o ta l. .. ................................... . ........... .......................... ............. ............... 5,019 5,859
40 THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS

An nu al dues received from national members dur ing year ended Dec. 31, 1963

N at io nal m em ber Y ea rs c ov ered D ues

re ce iv ed

A rg en tina _ ____ __ _ _ _ _ 1963________________ . . . . . _____ $880

3,6 00 

1,040 

2,24 0

A us tral ia ____________ ____ _ _ 1963______ . . . . _________

A us tria ___ ____ _ __ _ _ 1963____________ _____________ ____ ____

B el gi um ______________________ 1963_______________________________________

Br az il - - - __ _______ ______ L ast pai d for 1962 . . . _ . . . .

B ulg ar ia __ ______ ________ - - ___ 1963 (p a rt) ____________________________ ____ 640

3,9 00

200 C an ad a _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ 196 3.2_____________________ ______________

C ey lo n - - ________ -___ _____ 1963 . . . . . . ___________ _____ _________

C hile _________________ _____

C h in a R ep ubli c of _____ _ ____ _____ 1963.2_____________________________________ 480

C ol om bi a _ _____ _ ____ . L ast p aid for 1957____________ - _____ ___

Cze ch os lo va ki a 196 3.2 . . ___ _________________________ 1,120

2,080

1,120

4,200

3,6 00

8,4 00

200

480

440

3,6 00

D en m ark 1963_______________________________________

F in la n d -- - - - - ___ __ _ 1963_______________________________________

F ra nce __ _ ______ _ 1963 . . ___________________________________

G er m an D em ocr at ic R ep u b li c______ ______ 1963_______________________________________

G er m an F ed er al R ep ub lic 1963 ______ _______ _________

G h an a 1963 _______________________________________

Greec e _ __ _ _ ________ 1963_______________________________________

H un g ary __ _ _____ 1963 ______________________________________

1963 _______________________________________

In dones ia - -- - ______ L ast pai d for 1962 __ _______. __________

Is ra el _ _ _ _ _ ___ 1963.2_____________________________________ 480

8,4 00

8,4 00 It a ly - - - __ 1963_______________________________________

19 63. .. ___________________________ ______

K or ea P eo ple ’s R ep ub lic of

K'nron Re pu blic, of

M ex ico __ _ __ _ __ 1963_______________________________________ 960

Moro cco - _________ - ____ - _____ L ast p aid for 1962______________ ____ ______

N eth erl an d s _ _______ _ ______________ 1963.2....... ............................. ................. ................. — 2,240

320

400

1,04 0

N ew Zea la nd _ ______________________ 1 9 6 3 .. ........................................... —- ..................... —

N ig er ia ________ __________ 1963............ ............. ................... ....... .........................

N or w ay ______________ _______ 1963.......................... ................................. ......... .........

P ak is ta n ___________ __________ L a st pai d for 1954__________________________

1961-62............................ ................................. . ......... 280

200

3,900

720

1,440

1,44 0

2,240

3,900

2,080

200

P h il ip p in es, th e ____________________________ 1963.......... ........................................................... .........

P o la n d _ ________________________ 1963___________ ___________ _______ ___ ____

P o rt u g al ___ ______________ - _________ 1963........ ................................................. .....................

R u m a n ia , -- - _________________ 1963........ . ................. ............. - ______ __________

S out h Af ric a ______________________________ 1963.......................................................... ......... ...........

Spa in ______________________ - ____ 1963...............................................................................

Sw ed en ____________________________ 1963.......... ..................................... . ............... .............

S w itze rlan d ____________________________ 1963 (p a rt) ........... ............................... - .....................

T h ail an d ________ ________________ 19 63 ..'._________ _________ __________ ______

T u n is ia _ ___________________________ L a st pa id for 1956 __________________________

U S S R ................................................. 1963 (p a rt) ....... ................................... ....................... 3,900

140

16,800

16,800

U n it ed A ra b R ep u b li c_____________________ 1 9 62.2 2............................. . ........................... ...........

U n it ed K in gdo m 1963_____ ______ ____________ ______________

U n it ed S ta te s 1963_______ _____ ________ ___ _______ _____

U ru g u ay L ast p ai d for 1959__ ____________ ____ _____

V at ic an C it y 19 63.'___________ ______ _____________ _____ 200

V en ez ue la _____________________________ L a st pai d for 1962 __________________________

Y ugo sl av ia ______________________________ 1963.2____ _________________________________ 480

115,180 T o ta l _____________ - ________________