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HEARING

BEFORE THE

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS

OF THE

COMMITTEE ON

INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS

UNITED STATES SENATE

EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

SECOND SESSION

ON

S.91

A BILL TO AUTHORIZE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FORT

BOWIE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE, IN THE STATE

OF ARIZONA, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

:34483

MAY 29, 1964

Printed for the use of the

Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs

*Oran,

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1964
COMMITTEE ON

HENRY M.

CLINTON P. ANDERSON, New M

ALAN BIBLE, Nevada

FRANK CHURCH, Idaho

ERNEST GRUENING, Alaska

FRANK E. MOSS, Utah

QUENTIN N. BURDICK, North D

CARL HAYDEN, Arizona

GEORGE McGOVERN, South Dakota

GAYLORD NELSON, Wisconsin

HERBERT S. WALTERS, Tennessee

JERRY T. VERKLER, Staff Director

STEWART FRENCH, Chief Counsel

ROY M. WHITACRE, Professional Staff Member

INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS

JACKSON, Washington, Chairman

exico THOMAS H. KUCHEL, California

GORDON ALLOTT, Colorado

LEN B. JORDAN, Idaho

MILWARD L. SIMPSON, Wyoming

E. L. MECHEM, New Mexico

akota PETER H. DOMINICK, Colorado

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS

ALAN BIBLE, Nevada, Chairman

CLINTON P. ANDERSON, New Mexico

ERNEST GRUENING, Alaska

FRANK E. MOSS, Utah

CARL HAYDEN, Arizona

GAYLORD NELSON, Wisconsin

II

GORDON ALLOTT, Colorado

LEN B. JORDAN, Idaho

MILWARD L. SIMPSON, Wyoming

c

•••-•
CONTENTS

Page

S.91 2

Departmental reports:

Bureau of the Budget 4

Interior 2

STATEMENTS

Hayden, Hon. Carl, a U.S. Senator from the State of Arizona 4

Price, Jackson E., Assistant Director, National Park Service 5

COMMUNICATIONS

Goldwater, Hon. Barry, a U.S. Senator from the State of Arizona: Letter

to Hon. Alan Bible, chairman, Subcommittee on Public Lands, dated

May 29, 1964 5

/Price, Jackson E., Acting Director, National Park Service: Letter to Hon.

Alan Bible, chairman, Subcommittee on Public Lands, dated June 9,

1964 11

MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION

Fort Bowie, projected annual visitation 13

Operating costs and staffing of Coronado National Memorial and Chiricahua

National Monument 12

Proposed development schedules, Fort Bowie National Historic Site 7

Proximity of Fort Bowie to population centers 12
LEGEND

PRIVATE LAND 270

MOSELEY so

I NE E L.

I PUBLIC LAND • §_3_1:? acres

TOTAL 900 ocres

DILA T TSAZ 

15

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..-AzrEFEFialtT:7i!p V BOWIE NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE

ARIZONA
FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

FRIDAY, MAY 29, 1964

U.S. SENATE,

SLTBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS OF THE

COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS

TV ashimton,D.0 'D.C.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10 a.m., in room 3110,

New Senate Office Building, Senator Alan Bible presiding.

Present: Senators Bible, Anderson, Hayden, Jordan and Simpson.

Also present: Jerry T. Verkler, staff director Stewart French,

chief counsel; and Roy M. Whitacre, professional staff member.

Senator BIBLE. The subcommitee will come to order.

The Public Lands Subcommittee hearings this morning are called

with the full knowledge that this is a holiday and that many of the

committee members had commitments that would not permit their

attendance at this time. However, the four bills we hope to take testimony on this morning are apparently noncontroversial, and I therefore

trust that we will be able to complete the record on each during the

day.

The first bill we are going to hear this morning is the bill introduced

by Senator Goldwater S. 91, to authorize the establishment of the

Fort Bowie National Historic Site in the State of Arizona, and for

other purposes.

I know that the holding of this hearing today may well be an imposition on those in attendance since it has been designated a holiday.

Because of the floor situation and the additional announcement starting as of Tuesday we will go in session at 9 o'clock in the morning, I

think it is very apparent that we must take every opportunity to clear

up our hearings on pending measures.

I hope that either this next weekend or the weekend after we are

able to complete our record on Fire Island Proposed National Seashore by making a trip there.

I am not going to schedule it as I originally thought possible for

tomorrow, because it is Memorial Day and I am afraid we would run

into some real problems with visitation and that sort of thing. I

would hope we can go up there a week or 2 weeks from tomorrow just

for the field inspection.

We have completed our formal hearing. We are going to try to

schedule it quite probably 2 weeks from tomorrow.

We will hear Senator Hayden first. I think anyone who has represented the State of Arizona since 1912 well deserves the privilege of

testifying first on the bill that is before us and we will now consider

S. 91, a bill to authorize the establishment of Fort Bowie National

Historic Site in the State of Arizona, and for other purposes. Mr.

1
2 FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

Reporter, make the bill a part of the record at this point. Likewise

include as part of the record at this point the official report of the

Interior Department dated April 12, 1963, as well as the Bureau of

the Budget report of April 1, 1963.

(The bill, S. 91, and the reports referred to follow:)

[S. 91, 88th Cong., 1st Bess.]

A BILL To authorize the establishment of the Fort Bowie National Historical Site, in the

State of Arizona, and for other purposes

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Mated States

of America in Congress assembled, That, the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to designate, for preservation as the Fort Bowie National Historic Site, the

site and remaining historic structures of old Fort Bowie, situated in Cochise

County, Arizona, together with such additional land, interests in land, and improvements thereon, as the Secretary in his discretion may deem necessary to

accomplish the purposes of this Act: Provided, That the Secretary shall designate

no more than one thousand acres for inclusion in said site.

SEC. 2. Within the area designated pursuant to section 1 hereof, the Secretary

of the Interior is authorized, under such terms, reservations, and conditions as

he may deem satisfactory, to procure by purchase, donation, with donated funds,

exchange, or otherwise, land and interests in land for the national historic site.

When the historic remains of old Fort Bowie and all other privately owned lands

within the aforesaid designated area have been acquired as provided in this Act,

notice thereof and of the establishment of the Fort Bowie National Historic Site

shall be published in the Federal Register. Thereupon all public lands within the

designated area shall become a part of the Fort Bowie National Historic Site.

SEC. 3. The Fort Bowie National Historic Site, as constituted under this Act,

shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior as a part of the national

park system, subject to the provisions of the Act entitled "An Act to establish

a National Park Service, and for other purposes", approved August 25, 1916 (39

Stat. 535), as amended, the Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935 (49 Stat. 666),

and all laws and regulations of general application to historic areas within the

national park system.

SEC. 4. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as are

necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,

April 12, 1963.

Hon. HENRY M. JACKSON,

Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,

U.S. Senate,

Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR JACKSON: This responds to your request for a report on S. 91,

a bill to authorize the establishment of the Fort Bowie National Historic Site, in

the State of Arizona, and for other purposes.

We recommend the enactment of the bill.

The bill authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to designate, within a 1,000-

acre limitation, the site and remaining historic structures of Fort Bowie and

such additional land, interests in land, and improvements thereon as he deems

necessary to preserve the fort and its historic environs. The bill makes establishment of the Fort Bowie National Historic Site contingent upon acquisition

of the privately awned lands within boundaries that are to be designated by the

Secretary. The historic site is to be administered by the Secretary of the Interior as part of the national park system.

The Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments has concluded that Fort Bowie and nearby Apache Pass, which will be

included within this historic site, both possess exceptional value in commemorating and illustrating the history of the United States.

Fort Bowie, established in 1862 in Apache Pass, was the focal point of active

military operations during the final thrilling chapters of the taming of the
FORT BOWIE, ARIZ. 3

-Southwest and subjugation of the Apache Indians. For 10 years after its establishment the fort was in the midst of a bloody campaign against the famed chieftain, Cochise, and his Chiricahua Apaches. In 1876, after 4 years of relative

peace, bloodshed again erupted with the revolt of the Apaches under several renegade leaders including the wily Geronimo. For another 10 years Geronimo's

Apaches were on the warpath throughout the Southwest and again Fort Bowie

was the center of military activity against the warring Indians. Geroninao

was captured and exiled in 1886 and peace was restored. Thereupon, Fort Bowie

entered its final chapter which was ended by its abandonment in 1894.

Another significant historic value of the area proposed for designation as a

national historic site stems from the fact that it would preserve the natural

features of Apache Pass which figured prominently in the story of the Overland Mail Co. and the route popularly known as the Butterfield Trail. From two

points of origin in the East, St. Louis and Memphis, the trail extended across

the wilderness for 2,651 miles to its western terminus at San Francisco. A

stage station was maintained at Apache Pass which was considered to be the

most hazardous point along the entire route. From 1858 until the Civil War

forced its abandonment in 1861, the Butterfield Trail was an important link between the East and West. It was the first mail and stage route to California from

the eastern part of the United States.

The stirring historic events that transpired at Fort Bowie and the other happenings associated with Apache Pass leave little doubt that this area represents

an outstanding chapter of American history and should be preserved as a unit

•of the national park system.

Many of the walls of adobe buildings are standing and the substantial stone

foundations of other structures are clearly defined. It would be relatively easy

to locate and identify other fort structures so as to reconstruct this stirring chapter in our country's history. Presentation of the story could be accomplished by

partial or complete restoration of some of the buildings or through appropriate

museum and other interpretive facilities. -

The lands presently being proposed for designation as the Fort Bowie National

Historic Site, under authority provided in S. 91, aggregate about 900 acres, of

which approximately 630 acres are public lands and the remaining 270 acres are

privately owned. This includes sections, in Apache Pass, of the old original

Butterfield overland mail and stage route of 1858-61 where the physical

remains of the trail are well preserved and clearly identifiable on the ground.

The Butterfield Overland Trail was one of the oldest roads in the West, and here

in Apache Pass is one of the few places where its ruts can be identified on the

ground. The sections of the Butterfield Overland Trail remaining in Apache

Pass, included in the recommended boundary, are narrow and encompass relatively small acreage. They relate directly and specifically to Cochise and the

beginning of the Chiricahua war; Tom Jeffords, the Arizona frontiersman who

became the friend of Cochise and was instrumental in bringing an end to the

ravages of the Cochise war; the overland mail station in the pass; and the overland freighting and travel that flowed through the pass on this route to and from

•California. While the area presently proposed for inclusion is less than the 1,000-

acre limitation in the bill, we recommend that that figure be retained to allow for

any future boundary adjustments that may prove to be desirable from the standpoint of possibly including historic remains and sites not presently known or

identified, improvement of visitor use of the area, and improvement of administration. It is anticipated that any future changes of this nature, if needed,

would be accomplished through inclusion of public lands and not privately owned

lands.

We feel that the provision in the bill making the establishment of the historic

site contingent upon acquisition of privately owned lands, within the boundaries

to be designated by the Secretary, to be desirable. The historic ruins around

which presentation of Fort Bowie would be centered are located on privately

•owned lands. Rights to the use of water from springs in Apache Pass on privately owned land and water now piped and used in cattle and ranching operations on the Neal Ranch will not be adversely affected. This Department proposes that any change in the present use of water originating in these springs will

be conditioned on full agreement with the present ranch owners or their successors. It is anticipated, therefore, that acquisition of privately owned lands at

Fort Bowie will not include the water rights centering In these springs nor the

q•elated rights of piping and pumping water from them to points of use.
4 FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

The value of privately owned lands involved in the proposal is estimated to be

approximately $50 per acre or $13,000. Costs of developing the area for public

use and enjoyment are estimated at approximately $515,000 and annual administrative costs would be in the neighborhood of $26,000.

The Bureau of the Budget has advised that there is no objection to the presentation of this report from the standpoint of the administration's program.

Sincerely yours,

JOHN A. CARVER,

Assistant Secretary of the Interior.

EXECUTIVE' OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT,

BUREAU OF THE BUDGET,

Washington, D.C., April 1, 1968._

Hon. HENRY M. JACKSON,

Chairman,

Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR Mn. CHAIRMAN: This is in response to the committee's request for the

views of the Bureau of the Budget on S. 91, a bill to authorize the establishment

of the Fort Bowie National Historic Site, in the State of Arizona, and for other

purposes.

S. 91 would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to designate, within a

1,000-acre limitation, the site and remaining historic structures of Fort Bowie,

Ariz., and certain additional lands deemed necessary to preserve the fort and

its historic environs.

The Secretary of the Interior, in his report on this bill, describes the historic

significance of this site and recommends approval.

The Bureau of the Budget would have no objection to the enactment of S. 91.

Sincerely yours,

PHILLIP S. HUGHES,

Assistant Director for

Legislative Reference.

Senator BIBLE. I am now privileged to recognize a fellow member

of our committee, the distinguished senior Senator from Arizona,

Senator Hayden.

STATEMENT OF HON. CARL HAYDEN, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE

STATE OF ARIZONA

Senator HAYDEN. My colleague, Senator Goldwater, introduced

this bill on Fort Bowie. It was a very, very historic spot by reason

of the numerous attacks the Apaches made upon not only the immigrants crossing the country, but Federal troops during the Civil War.

The Department report does not state how Fort Bowie obtained its

name. I might say Colonel Bowie was a member of the Bowie family of Maryland. You know Bowie Racetrack. It is a well-known

family. He went West and was a very successful businessman that

was called in as one of the California volunteers by the government

of California and performed excellent service during the war. I

would like an opportunity to write in the report, Mr. Chairman—I

have looked it up—his record, and to include it in the committee

report.

Senator BIBLE. The departmental witness on this legislation is

Jack Price. Jack, would you like to come forward and tell us about

this bill. Before I do that, my attention has been directed to a letter

which I have from Senator Goldwater under date of May 29, 1964,

in full support of this legislation, and urging prompt action on it,
FORT BOWIE, ARIZ. 5

and without objection this letter will be made a part of the record

immediately after the testimony of Senator Hayden.

(The document referred to follows:)

U.S. SENATE,

Washington, D.C., May 29, 1964.

Hon. ALAN BIBLE,

Chairman, Subcommittee on Public Lands, Committee on Interior and. Insular

Affairs, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR Mr. CHAIRMAN: It is not possible for me to be present to testify before

your committee today in support of the Fort Bowie bill, S. 91. However, I do

wish to convey to you my great interest in this legislation.

As you know, a similar bill has been reported from the House Interior Committee and is now pending on the House Calendar. That bill, H.R. 946, was

amended to limit the amount of funds which could be spent on Fort Bowie for

land acquisition and development. I feel the amendment improves the chances

of approval of this legislation and the amendment does have my support, and

I understand the Department of the Interior concurs in this.

Time is an urgent consideration because Fort Bowie is not given the protection of a Federal monument and in not too many years it will be gone due to

the ravages of weather and souvenir hunters as has been the case of many

other historic sites in the West that are now lost.

Again my thanks to you and the committee for your consideration of this

legislation.

Sincerely,

BARRY GOLDWATER.

Senator BIBLE. Now we will hear Mr. Price.

STATEMENT OF JACKSON E. PRICE, ACTING DIRECTOR,

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Mr. PRICE. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, the bill

presently being considered by this committee S. 91, would authorize

the establishment of the Fort Bowie National Historic Site in Cochise

County, Ariz., to commemorate the significant role played by this

outpost in the opening and development of the American West.

The proposed national historic site would encompass two features

of exceptional historic value: First, Fort Bowie, a western military

fort which experienced an exciting and dramatic career second,

Apache Pass which contains the site of Fort Bowie and the location

of an important portion of the Butterfield Trail.

Fort Bowie was established July 28, 1862, by the California Volunteers during their march from the Pacific coast to help establish

Union control of the Southwest during the Civil War. It was situated

so as to control a vital water source in the Arizona desert. At the

same time it was strategically located to guard Apache Pass, an important and dangerous avenue through the Chiricahua Mountains,

home ground of the Chiricahua Apaches. Apache Pass was on an

early travel route to California.

During the eighteen sixties, seventies and eighties, there was widespread Indian trouble in Arizona, the most relentless depredations being carried out by the Chiricahua Apaches, a fierce, warlike tribe led

first by the renowned Cochise. Troops stationed at Fort Bowie campaigned against Cochise in the sixties and seventies. Later they were

similarly involved in operations against the renegade Apaches led by

Geronimo, Natchez, and numerous other hostile leaders, who spread

terror throughout the Southwest and on into Old Mexico. With

34-083-64--2
6 FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

Geronimo's surrender and exile in 1886, peace was finally restored and

the long and costly Apache wars were brought to an end. Fort Bowie

was abandoned in 1894.

Apache Pass, in which Fort Bowie is located, is also significant in

the history of overland transportation to the Pacific coast. Through

Apache Pass, following the route popularly known as the Butterfield

Trail, traveled California-bound adventurers and emigrants, boundary

commissioners, railroad surveyors, and military units. In 1858, 4 years

before Fort Bowie was established, the famed Overland Mail Co. ran

its line through Apache Pass. It built a stagecoach station there a

short distance from an ever-running spring and close to the site where

Fort Bowie was later established. Drivers of the Overland Mail's

Concord stages considered Apache Pass the most dangerous stretch on

their 2,650-mile route from St. Louis to San Francisco. Then, in 1861,

the Civil War forced abandonment of the Butterfield Trail stage route.

The Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings,

and Monuments, at its 1958 spring meeting, evaluated Fort Bowie as

possessing exceptional value in commemorating and illustrating U.S.

history. Later, when reviewing the Theme Studies of the National

Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, the Board recommended that

Fort Bowie and Apache Pass be declared of exceptional value under

the subtheme, "Military and Indian Affairs," and that Apache Pass be

declared of exceptional value under "Transportation and Communications," both subthemes of "Theme 25 (XV), Westward Expansion

and the Extension of the National Boundaries to the Pacific, 1830 to

1898."

Apache Pass today looks very much as it did in 1862, when Fort

Bowie was built. Portions of the Butterfield Trail are identifiable

as wagon nits cut into rock on the ground. Fort Bowie itself is evidenced by many stone foundations and adobe walls still standing.

Remains of more than 40 military structures can be identified by

relating them to photographs taken of the fort about 1890.

The lands proposed for the national historic site aggregate 900 acres,

of which approximately 630 acres are public lands and the remaining

270 acres are privately owned. While this area is less than the 1,000-

acre limitation in the bill, we recommend that figure be retained to provide for any further adjustments that may prove desirable. As stated

in the Department's report April 12, 1963, any adjustments within this

additional acreage would be made on public lands.

In accordance with an understanding reached with the two privateland owners on February 9, 1960, the National Park Service would

permit the continuation of grazing on the national historic site under

the administration of the Bureau of Land Management. The only

exception would be on those portions of the area devoted to public use

and Interpretation. These areas would be fenced to prevent the impairment of historic values by livestock and to enhance visitor enjoyment of the national historic site. Existing water rights and the

related right of piping and pumping water from existing springs

would be retained by the private owners.

We wish to revise the estimated cost of acquiring the private lands

to $20,250. The smaller estimate, $13,000, contained in the departmental report was based upon land values at the time of the 1957

field study.
FORT BOWIE, ARIZ. 7

Since then a new estimate has been made, and we feel that the price

will be more nearly the $20,250 figure.

The historic events that occurred at Fort Bowie and Apache Pass

spanned more than three decades. They considerably affected the

pattern of development in southern Arizona and had far-reaching

effects on the Nation's frontier. There is little doubt that this area

in the rugged Chiricahua Mountains represents an outstanding chapter of American history and should be preserved as a unit of the

national park system. We strongly recommend favorable consideration of H.R. 91 by the committee and the Congress.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I will try to answer any questions.

Senator BIBLE. Mr. Price, what would you estimate the development costs of Fort Bowie to be?

Mr. PRICE. We have an estimate of $551,000.

Senator BIBLE. 551 or 515?

Mr. PRICE. 515, excuse me, $515,000, Mr. Chairman.

Senator BIBLE. Now that is based on what? How do you arrive at

that figure? -What do you construct at Fort Bowie that will cost

$515,000?

Mr. PRICE. That was based, Mr. Chairman, on the building of a

visitor center, and residences eventually. This is all, I might say, over

a 5-year period, Mr. Chairman, a visitor center and residences. There

will be some stabilization of the ruins, and we expect to have an equipment and storage shop. There will have to be a water system provided, and a power distribution system, a sewage system, and an LP

gas system, and there will be some fencing and cleanup.

Senator BIBLE. Do you have a breakdown?

Mr. PRICE. Excuse me, Mr. Chairman. I might add there will also

be an entrance road within the area, and a parking area.

Senator BIBLE. Do you have a breakdown of the figures by which

you arrive at the $515,000?

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir.

Senator BIBLE. Will you supply those for the record? They are not

detailed in your statement. I think that is an important point.

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir, we will do that.

(The information referred to follows:)

Fort Bowie National Historic Site (proposed) development schedules

1st year 2d year 3d year 4th year 5th year Future

years

Roads and trails:

Entrance road and parking area $150, 000 

Signs 1,500 

Trails $3, 000 

Buildings, utilities, etc.:

Visitor center $85, 000 

Residences (4) 40,000 40,000 

Stabilization 30,000 30,000 30,000 $2, 500

Equipment storage and shop 40,000 

Water system 30,000 

Power distribution 9, 000 

Sewage system 9, 000 

Liquefied petroleum gas system _ 8, 500 

Fencing 4, 000 $5, 000 

Cleanup 

Total 238,000 159,000 113,000 5,000 2,500

Grand total, $515,000.
8 FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

Senator BIBLE. Tell me this: is there anything at Fort Bowie today?

If I were to be there today what would I find?

Mr. PRICE. You would find the remains of Fort 

Bowie, 

which are partial adobe walls, the remains of about 40 buildings that were there

at Fort Bowie, and these, of course are in a very bad state of deterioration. They need stabilization. 

course,

you would also find, of course, evidences of the Butterfield Trail, which are clearly in evidence in certain parts of the proposed area.

Senator BIBLE. What main arteries or highways is this close to?

Mr. PRICE. This is closest I think to State route, the East-West State

Route.

Senator ANDERSON. Isn't it close to Highways 70 and 80 ?

Mr. PRICE. Excuse me, sir?

Senator ANDERSON. Close to Highway 70 or 80?

I r. PRICE. I have that here.

Senator BIBLE. Do you have a map that will show us? It is always important to us to know just where this is located within the State of Arizona.

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir.

Senator BIBLE. Is it close to a main artery of travel so that people traveling through there would be apt to make a side trip and visit it?

Mr. PRICE. May I bring this up, Mr. Chairman. This is our report which you may have. It is State Route 86, Mr. Chairman.

Senator BIBLE. Just. a second, Mr. Price. I have been handed a map entitled "Butterfield Overland Mail Route 1858-61, Plate No. 2," and this will be incorporated as an exhibit to indicate the location of the

proposed Fort Bowie National Historic Site.

That map before us—this is how far out of Tucson?

Mr. PRICE. This is 120 miles from Tucson, and 250 miles from Phoenix.

Senator BIBLE. 120 miles 

Senator ANDERSON. Isn't that Highway 80 down there?

Mr. PRICE. Highway 80 is considerably south. It goes through

Douglas I think.

Senator BIBLE. This is not on a direct east-west highway. How far is it from an east-west highway?

Senator HAYDEN. It is only a short distance north,. Mr. Chairman, of the Transcontinental Highway.

Senator BIBLE. And that is Highway 80?

Senator HAYDEN. Anyone who wants to see the park can merely

make a detour and go back to the highway. It isn't merely a question

of going out and back.

Senator BIBLE. On this Interstate Highway Road No. 80 going between Tucson, Ariz., and Lordsburg, N. Mex., how much of a loop would I have to make to go up and see Fort Bowie approximately?

Senator HAYDEN. I don't think actually it would be more than 10 miles out of your way.

Senator ANDERSON. Soldiers Farewell is along there.

Senator BIBLE. Do we have someone who could indicate how far

you would go out of the way of the Interstate Highway System to make a loop and go see Fort Bowie?

Mr. PRICE. I think we have a map here Senator that might be help- ful to you.
FORT BOWIE, ARIZ. 9

Senator BIBLE. All I am interested in finding out is how many miles.

Mr. PRICE. It would be about 60 miles.

Senator BIBLE. About a 60-mile loop?

Mr. PRICE. Yes, that is from Highway 80. Of course from Highway 86 it is about 26 miles to drop down south. As I understand it,

I think Highway 86 is to be a part of the Interstate System eventually.

Senator ANDERSON. What highway?

Mr. PRICE. State Highway 86.

Senator ANDERSON. State highway?

Senator BIBLE. I wish you would prepare for introduction by me

into this hearing record a map that would show the relative location

of Fort Bowie to the present Interstate Highway System and the

other State roads. The purpose of the question simply being to find

out if it is close to well-traveled highways in the State of Arizona.

Mr. PRICE. Yes, Mr. Chairman, we will do that.

(The map referred to faces p. 1.)

Senator BIBLE. Is there any visitation at all at Fort Bowie at the

present time?

Mr. PRICE. I think there is very little. Actually the road that goes

in there now is not a surfaced road, as I understand it, and the area

has only very scattered visitation.

Senator BIBLE. This committee has insisted that there be a dollar

amount for land acquisition and for development and improvement.

Would a figure of $550,000 for both the acquisition of the land and

the development of Fort Bowie be a realistic figure? You say that the

land cost would be $20,000 and you say that the development cost

would be $515,000. This would be a total of $535,000. Is the $550,000

a realistic figure?

Mr. PRICE. I think that it would be, Senator Bible.

Senator BIBLE. I have no further questions. Senator Anderson?

Senator ANDERSON. You have me a little confused. On your second

page you talk about activities of Geronimo in this particular area.

Was he an Arizona Indian?

Mr. PRICE. Yes, Senator Anderson. I am so informed by our

historian.

Senator ANDERSON. I have talked many times to General Crook who

captured him, and he has some ideas. You talk about the trail, the

Butterfield Trail. Actually there was no Butterfield Trail at the

time that Fort Bowie existed, was there?

Mr. PRICE. It had been there of course before the Civil War, and

then when the Civil War came along, the Overland route along the

Butterfield Trail was discontinued. But the trail was still there,

yes sir, and it still is there of course, the remains of it.

Senator ANDERSON. What sort of buildings would be built?

Mr. PRICE. Will be built?

Senator ANDERSON. Yes. There are no buildings there now, are

there?

Mr. PRICE. No, sir.

Senator ANDERSON. You are going to build buildings. What sort of

buildings?

Mr. PRICE. We will build a visitor center and residences when they

become needed.
10 FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

Senator ANDERSON. Residences for whom?

Mr. PRICE. For the people who work at the historic site.

Senator ANDERSON. How many will work there about?

Mr. PRICE. We have a staffing summary, Senator Anderson. During

the first year we will have a superintendent who will probably be in

grade 11, and we will have an administrative assistant in ,ffrade 5, and

a maintenance man for the first year. By the end of the fifth year we

expect to add to those three, a historian and a seasonal historian and a

laborer.

Senator ANDERSON. Did the Park Service establish a monument

down there some years ago?

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir.

Senator ANDERSON. How many people visit it now?

Mr. PRICE. I am afraid I will have to supply that. I think I will

have it in a minute, Senator.

Senator ANDERSON. Would you admit that practically nobody ever

goes there?

Mr. PRICE. I don't think that is exactly the case. I think it does

have visitation, but perhaps it isn't large.

Senator ANDERSON. Do you know anything about a protest that the

American National Cattlemen's Association filed?

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir, that was filed. I think they were acting in behalf of a Mr. Neel and a Mr. Mosley, who owned the property there.

Subsequent to their protest I believe an agreement was reached which

would continue grazing in the area under Bureau of Land Management supervision and also permit them to retain their water rights.

Now, I think there is no opposition.

Senator ANDERSON. And they are satisfied?

Mr. PRICE. I think SO, yes.

Senator ANDERSON. You are taking a modest amount• of land, less

than a thousand acres up there.

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir.

Senator ANDERSON. I have no further questions.

Mr. PRICE. I have the visitation to Coronado in 1963, Senator Anderson. It was 28,300 during the year.

Senator ANDERSON. Do you know how much it costs to operate the

place during that time?

Mr. PRICE. We will have to supply that, Senator Anderson.

(The information is printed on p. 11.)

Senator BIBLE. Senator Jordan?

Senator JORDAN. No questions, Mr. Chairman.

Senator BIBLE. Senator Simpson?

Senator SIMPSON. Mr. Chairman, just for the purpose of the record,

Mr. Price, is there a companion bill in the House with the same designation as Senate 91?

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir, introduced by Congressman Udall.

Senator SIMPSON. House bill 91 is it?

Mr. PRICE. It is H.R. 946,1 think.

Senator SIMPSON. Just for the purpose of the record, you have

designated in your testimony here and it is in your written statement

11.R. 91. Do you mean S. 91?

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir.
FORT BOWIE, ARIZ. 11

Senator ANDERSON. Senator, the House bill has been reported favorably.

Senator SIMPSON. With a different number, I think it has. Mr.

Price, you have asked for an increase in the acquisition figure from

.$13,000 to $20,250. Now under this bill that land would be purchased

or donated or condemned. Are these your figures or are these the

figures that you know you can acquire the land for?

Mr. PRICE. This is an estimate of what we consider to be the value

of the lands, but it is purely an estimate, Senator Simpson. We feel

however, that it is a realistic estimate.

Senator Simrsorr. I always have to warn you that you make these

acquisition figures and they are notoriously low because if you have to

(To into court in a condemnation proceeding it usually costs you a great

deal more. That is the history of them and I think you will agree?

Mr. PRICE. In many cases that is true, yes.

Senator SIMPSON. We were confronted with that in the Yellowtail

condemnation proceeding. There was much objection and you had

to go to court. You had the same thing with Grand Teton and I wonder if the figures are realistic or not?

Mr. PRICE. In this case we believe the figures are realistic and

adequate.

Senator SIMPSON. That is all I have, Mr. Chairman.

Senator BIBLE. If I understand it correctly, and I just want to know

whether we are establishing a precedent, as I understand it, the permittees who are grazing sheep or cattle or both in this area under permits from the Bureau of Land Management would be permitted to continue to do so.

Mr. PRICE. Yes, sir.

Senator BIBLE. Is this fairly standard when you create a national

historic site?

Mr. PRICE. It is not. This is an unusual situation. There are one

,or two other cases, two or three cases I think where we permit this.

But in this particular case we felt that it was acceptable and necessary.

Senator BIBLE. I can't see too much incompatible with the practice

there. I don't know that that would detract from one's enjoyment of

Fort Bowie to see a few cattle strolling around but I wanted to know

if you did it in other areas. I know you have a very tight policy so

far as national parks are concerned. Are there further questions from

the committee members?

Thank you very much, Mr. Price, we appreciate your testimony.

Mr. PRICE. Thank you very much.

Senator BIBLE. Is there further testimony on this particular bill?

Is there opposition to this bill? Does anyone want to be heard on this

bill? Without objection the hearing on S. 91 will be closed.

(Whereupon the committee turned to other business.)

(Subsequent to the hearing Mr. Price submitted the following additional testimony:)

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE,

Washington, D.C., June 9,1964.

Hon. ALAN BIBLE,

Chairman., Subcommittee on Public Lands, Committee on Interior and Insular

Affairs, U.S. Senate, Washington, D .C.

DEAR SENATOR BIBLE: Reference is made to the hearing held by your subcommittee, May 29, 1964, on S. 91, the bill to authorize establishment of Fort Bowie

National Historic Site in Arizona.
12 FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

During the course of this hearing, three questions arose on which the National

Park Service was asked to furnish supplementary information. The materials

requested are supplied in the enclosure and below:

1. Accessibility of Fort Bowie by auto, proximity to population centers : Enclosed is a map showing the proposed Fort Bowie National Historic Site, marked

to show distances to major access routes, nearby towns, and the closest population centers. Populations of the latter (1960 U.S. Census) are:

Town or city Population

Bowie (15 miles) Less than 1,000

Willcox (30 miles) .2, 441

Benson (55 miles) 2, 494

Cochise County 55,039

Standard

metropolitan

City statistical

population 1 area

Tucson (100 miles) 212, 892 265, 660

Lordsburg, N. Mex. (65 miles) 3,436

El Paso, Tex. (230 miles) 276. 687 314, 070

1 Inside corporate limits.

It should be noted that Interstate 10, a new limited-access highway which

traverses the Nation from Jacksonville, Fla., to Los Angeles, passes near the unincorporated town of Bowie, just 15 miles north of the proposed historic site.

2. Coronado National Memorial: Operating costs and staffing. There follows a

breakdown of this information:

Staff (fiscal 1964)

Permanent:

Management and protection:

Superintendent, GS-9 1

Administrative assistant, GS-5 1

Supervisory park ranger, GS-7 1

Maintenance and rehabilitation: Maintenanceman, ungraded 1

Total permanent 4

(Man-years, 4.)

Temporary:

Ranger-historian, GS-5 1

Laborer, ungraded 2

Caretaker, ungraded 1

Total temporary 4

(Man-years, 1.8.)

Total man-years 5. 8-

1964 appropriation

Management and protection:

Management of area $28, 400

Forestry and fire control 200

Total, management and protection 28, 600

Maintenance and rehabilitation of physical facilities:

Roads and trails 11, 300

Buildings, utilities, and other facilities 5, 800

Total, maintenance and rehabilitation 17, 100

Grand total 45, 700

3. Chiricahua National Monument: Although the subcommittee's questions as

to staffing and operating costs were directed to the Coronado National Memorial,

which is also in Cochise County, Ariz., Fort Bowie is much nearer (120 miles

versus 20 miles) to Chiricahua National Monument, the closest area administered

by the National Park Service. We are, therefore, furnishing staffing and operations data. on Chiricahua, as follows:
FORT BOWIE, ARIZ.

Staff (fiscal 1964)

13

Permanent:

Management and protection:

Superintendent, GS-11 1

Park naturalist, GS-7 1

Supervisor park ranger, GS-7 1

Administrative assistant, GS-6 1

Maintenance and rehabilitation:

Maintenanceman, ungraded 1

Laborer, ungraded 1

Total permanent 6

( Man-years, 6.)

'Temporary:

Seasonal ranger-naturalist, GS-4 2

Seasonal ranger, GS-4 1

Fire control aid, GS-3 2

Foreman I. laborer, ungraded 1

Laborer, ungraded 8

Total temporary 14

(Man-years, 2.9.)

Total man-years 8. 9

1964 appropriation

Management and protection:

Management of area $41, 600

Forestry and fire control 5, 800

Total, management and protection 47,400

Maintenance and rehabilitation of physical facilities:

Roads and trails 16, 500

Buildings, utilities, and other facilities 16, 400

Total, maintenance and rehabilitation 32, 900

Construction: Buildings, utilities, and other facilities 7, 400

Grand total, Chiricahua National Monument 87, 700

In calendar 1963, Chiricahua National Monument had 51,800 visits.

4. Fort Bowie, projected annual visitation:

Visitor days

1st year after establishment 50, 000

2d year after establishment 50, 000

3d year after establishment 65, 000

4th year after establishment 80, 000

5th year after establishment 90, 000

I believe this completes the information requested by the subcommittee in connection with the Fort Bowie bills. If there is anything further we can furnish,

please advise us.

Sincerely yours,

JACKSON E. PRICE,

Acting Director.


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