1, •

5 8912- L- 104

901 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACH ES 1- .4

TO RUSSIA

GOVERNMENT

Storage

•

HEARINGS

BEFORE THE

rg

MMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE

ADM ATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY

74 OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS

OF THE

ITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

UNITED STATES SENATE.

EIGHTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

PROPOSED SHIPMENT OF MINIATURE BALL BEARING

MACHINES TO RUSSIA

PART 2

(Including Index)

Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

65552 WASHINGTON: 1901
•

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

JAMES 0. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman

ESTES KEFAUVER, Tennessee ALEXANDER WILEY, Wisconsin

OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois

JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska

SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina KENNETH B. KEATING, New York

JOHN A. CARROLL, Colorado NORRIS COTTON, New Hampshire

THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut

PHILIP A. HART, Michigan

EDWARD V. LONG, Missouri

W. A. BLAKLEY, Texas

SuBOommirrEE TO INVESTIGATE THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY

ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS

JAMES 0, EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman

THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut, Vice Chairman

OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina

JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas

SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina

ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska

EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois

KENNETH B. KEATING, New York

NORRIS COTTON, New Hampshire

J. G. SOURWINE, Counsel

BENJAMIN MANDEL, Director of Research

•
4

EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO THE U.S.S.R.

(No.—The following material was ordered into the record by the

vice chairman after the material which appears in the earlier volume

had been sent to the printer.)

STATEMENT BY JOHN H. WILLIAMS, STAFF DIRECTOR, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

EQUIPMENT DIVISION, ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, INSTALLATIONS AND

LOGISTICS, MARCH 2, 1961

I hold the position of Staff Director, Industrial Production Equipment Division, in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Installations and

Logistics. In this capacity, it is one of my functions to act as technical adviser

to the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (ISA) on technical matters

relating to the defense position on the export of industrial production equipment.

I have been assigned to this function because of ray background of many years

in the machine-tool trade.

I would like to start off by outlining the general procedures followed by the

Department of Commerce and the Defense Department on requests for export

license in the fields of production equipment.

The first time that I hear of such a request is in the form of a telephone

inquiry from the Department of Commerce, Office of International Trade (OTT),

saying that they have a request for an export license.

At this point it is first necessary to obtain precise information regarding

the equipment by name of manufacturer, model, size, capacity, horsepower, etc.

It is also necessary to obtain information about the reported intended use of

this equipment in the Communist bloc countries.

Having obtained this information, it is my responsibility to determine the

quantities and types of this equipment that are currently available within

the Department of Defense, and, as far as possible, to determine the purpose

for which this equipment is currently being utilized or is being held for future

requirements.

Next, an investigation is made to discover if identical or similar machinery

is produced in the Communist bloc countries and, if so, in what quantities.

This information is available from many sources within DOD and Government,

including the Library of Congress.

After obtaining all this information, I recommend to the Assistant Secretary

of Defense, International Security Affairs (ISA), or to his staff as to whether

or not the export license should be granted. In most cases all of the information

is made available to them in a discussion. They (ISA) act as the spokesman

for the Department of Defense at all conferences and meetings where the granting or the denial of an export license is under discussion.

At many of these conferences, if there is to be any technical discussion relative to the construction and the capabilities of the subject machine, I accompany the ISA member as technical adviser and, when requested by him, address

my remarks to the committee.

In the specific case of the granting of the export license for high-frequency

grinders manufactured by Bryant Chucking Grinder, after receiving the request

for DOD's opinion from the Department of Commerce, it was determined that

all of the machines of this type currently available in. the United States were

being utilized for the production of bearings utilized in strategic components

for military end items. It was also determined from information that was available to us that the Soviets did not produce a machine of this type or one that

would be comparable in enabling the production of miniature ballbearings of

the tolerances and precision required.

267
268 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

A further consideration was whether machines of comparable capacity and

size can be made available from Western Europe. In this connection, our

investigation revealed that none was in production that would meet the specifications that had been established by the Russians for these machines.

In the light of these considerations it was our opinion that the license should

not be granted, and I so reported to ISA.

ISA, after intensive examination and discussion of the matter, concurred

in this opinion and the ISA representative advised against the granting of the

Bryant license at several consecuti're meetings of the Advisory Committee on

Export Policy or its subcommittee. I myself was present at three of these

meetings and, according to my recollection, I spoke at two of them, in my

capacity as technical adviser, against the granting of the license.

However, at the conclusion of these meetings, a decision was made to approve

the granting of a license for the export of the Bryant machines to the Soviet

Union.

In the latter part of September 1960, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of

Defense, Supply and Logistics, called me and stated that he had received a

complaint relative to the granting of a license for the export of machine

tools for the production of precision ball bearings, and he asked if I was

familiar with the transaction. When informed that I was, and when I reviewed the circumstances at his request, he instructed me to take immediate

action to do whatever was possible to express- the dissatisfaction of the Department of Defense and to prevent the shipment, which was then planned for

January 1961.

To accomplish this, a memorandum was written to ISA requesting that a

formal protest be written by the Secretary of the Department of Defense to

the Secretary of Commerce. Such a letter was prepared and delivered to the

Secretary. As a result of this, there were several additional meetings of the

Advisory Committee on Export Policy at which all of the circumstances previously discussed were reviewed. In each instance the Department of Defense

requested positive information as to where in the U.S.S.R. or in Western Europe

machines comparable or satisfactory for the production of miniature precision

bearings were currently in production. In each instance, the Department of

Defense objected to the shipment of these machines.

While it was argued in defense of the license that the technical ability to

produce such machines existed in other countries, at no point was any firm

assurance given or proof adduced that such machines were in fact already

in production in other countries.

In resume, the following actions were known to me regarding the transaction

of this export license:

(a) I expressed dissatisfaction and suggested that the Department of Defense

not concur in the initial request of the Department of Commerce.

(b) The official member of the Department of Defense in this connection

concurred and, at a series of meetings of the Advisory Committee on Export

Control, spoke against the proposal that an export license be granted.

(c) The Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Supply and Logistics, after

reviewing some of the circumstances, requested that I do whatever was possible

to stop the shipment of these machines.

(d) A letter was transmitted from the Office of the Secretary of Defense

to the Secretary of Commerce, approximately November 1, 1960, saying it spoke

to the Department of Defense and requesting a further review.

(e) At two meetings where the matter was reviewed, the Department of

Defense maintained nonconcurrence in the shipment of the equipment.

In such cases, where I am asked for advice on the export of equipment,

policy guidance as to whether a license should or should not be approved is

confusing. Any clarification in this respect would greatly facilitate and create

a uniform handling of such future requests.

As of this writing I am still convinced that it would be a tragic mistake

to ship this equipment.

JOHN H. WILLIAMS.
EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA 269

LIST OF INDEPENDENT EXPERTS RETAINED AS CONSULTANTS BY THE SENATE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNAL SECURrTY IN THE MATTER OF THE BRYANT EXPORT

LICENSE

Mr. Richard H. Valentine, director of research and development, New Departure

Co., Bristol, Conn.

Mr. Seth H. Stoner, general manager, New Departure Co., Bristol, Conn.

Mr. D. L. Williams, chief process engineer, New Departure Co., Bristol, Conn.

Mr. Kenneth V. Knebel, general works manager, New Departure Co., Bristol,

Conn.

Mr. J. R. Tomlinson, president, Barden Corp., Danbury, Conn.

Mr. Bruce L. Mims, vice president in charge of engineering, Barden Corp.,

Danbury, Conn.

Mr. E. J. Karkut, vice president in charge of manufacturing, Barden Corp.,

Danbury, Conn.

Mr. H. B. Van Dorn, vice president in charge of engineering, Fafnir Bearing

Co., New Britain, Conn.

Dr. Charles Stark Draper, professor and head of the Department of Aeronautics

and Astronautics and director of the Instrumentation Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Mr. William G. Denhard, assistant director, Instrumentation Laboratory, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 39, Mass.

Mr. Henry Konet, consulting engineer in instrumentation, Konet Co., Hohokus,

N.J.

Mr. John S. Tawresey, consulting engineer (in ball-bearing field), the Franklin

Institute, Philadelphia, Pa.

Mr. Stanley Hensby, technical director, EMO Instrumentation Co., Bracknell,

England.

Mr. A. N. Daniels, president, New Hampshire Ball Bearings, Inc., Peterborough,

N.H.

Item No. 3 in appendix 1 on page 108 of the hearings on "The Export of Ball Bearing Machines to Russia" is a telegram signed by Mr.

William G. Denhard, assistant director, Instrumentation Laboratory,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

While it was signed by Mr. Denhard only, we have been advised

that this wire reflects the joint views of Mr. Denhard and Dr. Charles

Stark Draper, professor and head of the Department of Aeronautics

and Astronautics and director of the Instrumentation Laboratory,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Though the opinion of Mr. Daniels was not solicited by the subcommittee, his letter is incorporated in the record because of its

intrinsic value.

NEW HAMPSHIRE BALL BEARINGS, INC.,

Peterborough, N.H., February 28,1961.

Hon. THOMAS J. DODD,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR DODD: I am informed (by press) that the matter of export

license to Russia of certain Bryant bearing race-grinding machines is again

under consideration by the Senate Committee on Internal Security.

To the best of our knowledge, the efficiency and precision of the Bryant

"Centalign" race grinder are unequaled in the free world, confirming our commendatory letter to Bryant, copy enclosed. It performs the most critical of

about a dozen major operations in the manufacture of miniature instrument

ball bearings, which is our specialty. In lesser degree, the same could be said

of the bore-grinding version.
270 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

As observed here, 80 percent of U.S. miniature bearing production is for military end use, chiefly by the U.S. Air Force through prime and subcontractors.

Of a published list of some 54 missile prime contractors, we found that 51 were

our customers. Beyond this, we find it quite difficult to trace our products to

final application, other than "military" or "commercial."

Periodically we have examined and tested available foreign-made miniature

bearings, finding that, so far, none has achieved the advanced state of the art

prevailing in this country. No Russian samples have been obtained.

It is my personal opinion that export of this machine, or its design, to any

Russian-bloc nation is contrary to the best interests of the United States. I

don't feel qualified to comment on the probability that its design could be obtained by other means and duplicated.

• Sincerely,

( Signed) A. N. DANIELS, President.

The following additional correspondence was ordered printed:

FEBRUARY 22, 1961.

Mr. ROWLAND RURNSTAN,

Assistant Secretary for International Affairs, Department of Commerce,

Washington, D.C.

DEAR MR. BURNSTAN : I wish to thank you for your wire of February 17 and

for the confirming letter.

I was pleased to learn that although the license had not been suspended, the

Bryant Co. has voluntarily agreed not to ship the machines without the prior

consent of the Commerce Department, and that the Department would take no

action until we had submitted the report which we are now preparing. As per

my wire of February 16, this report will be in your hands by February 27 at the

latest.

There are several questions which our hearings left unanswered. Rather than

putting the Commerce Department to the trouble of again appearing before the

subcommittee, it would suffice if you could have your staff prepare replies to the

two groups of questions which follow:

1. What is the precise procedure followed in determining whether or not to

grant license to export to the Communist bloc items like the Bryant machines,

which may have some implications from a national security standpoint? How

much weight is attached to the opinion of the Defense Department? How often

has the Defense Department been overruled? What other Government departments are consulted in arriving at such decisions? What appeal machinery is

available to the Defense Department if its advice is overruled in the granting of

a license?

2. Was the Commerce Department's decision based on the advice of one expert

or several experts? Did these experts have a professional engineering background, and more specifically, did they have a specialized background in the ballbearing field? Could we have the details of their professional backgrounds?

Were any additional opinions solicited or obtained from men recognized as experts in the ball-bearing field? Did the Commerce Department experts submit a

written report to the Department comparing the Bryant model B Centalign machine with European machines in terms of (1) quality of product, (2) rate of

production, (3) economy of production, (4) flexibility, (5) ease of maintenance?

It would help us to complete our report for submission Monday morning, February 27, if you could send this information to me by Friday afternoon, February 24.

I wish to thank you for your cooperation in this matter.

Sincerely yours,

THOMAS J. DODD.

P.S.—If additional opinions were solicited or obtained from men recognized as

experts in the ball-bearing field—who were they?

If a written report was made by the Commerce Department experts may the

subcommittee have a copy of it?

THOMAS J. DODD.
EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA 271

THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE,

Washington, D.C., March 2, 1961.

Hon. THOMAS J. DODD,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR SENATOR DODD : This is in response to your letter of February 22 asking

for further information on the issuance of export licenses, with particular

reference to the Bryant Company case.

Procedure followed in granting export licenses.—The procedure followed in

the consideration of an export license application involving a shipment to any

of the Communist bloc countries consists first of an examination of the application and all of the facts pertaining to the transaction by the Office of Export

Supply of the Department of Commerce. If the commodity is one that is on

the denial lists the application is immediately rejected. Should the item be one

that is clearly for peaceful use that office has authority to approve the application. However, if the commodity is not clearly one meriting approval, or

requiring rejection, additional consideration is given to the facts pertaining to

the end use of such a commodity. An interagency technical task group is convened to investigate all the technical facts relative to the utilization of such

equipment. The facts, including the technical information from the task group,

and the recommendations of the Commerce member are then submitted to the

Operating Committee of the Advisory Committee on Export Policy. The case is

discussed at a formal meeting of this committee on the basis of the information

before it and each agency or department represented on the committee provides

information and advice respecting its responsibility within the Government. For

example, the State Department advises on the foreign policy implications, the

Defense Department advises on military implications, etc. The chairman of the

committee then makes a recommendation, taking into account the technical and

intelligence information and advice received and in the light of statutory and

policy requirements. Any agency or department may object to the chairman's

recommendation and appeal to the parent committee, the Advisory Committee

on Export Policy. If no appeal is made the recommendation, together with a

statement of all pertinent facts and advice is referred to the appropriate policydetermining official for final action. If appeal is made the case is discussed in

ACEP following the same procedure as outlined above. Appeals from the

recommendation of the ACEP chairman are made directly to the Secretary. A

membership directory of the Advisory Committee on Export Policy, which includes representation from various relevant executive agencies, was furnished

to your committee with letter dated January 30, 1961.

- Weight attached to Defense Department position in granting export licenses.—

The Department of Commerce in making its decisions on applications for licenses

under the Export Control Act gives full consideration to the viewpoint of the

Department of Defense. We also make every effort to give proper consideration

to the views of all other agencies and departments concerned with the domestic

economy and foreign relations. It is our view that Congress, in placing responsibility for final decision on the issuance of these export licenses, intended that

proper and adequate consideration would be accorded to the advice and information provided by all the agencies 'and departments.

Overruling the Defense Department.—Phis question is not stated accurately

in terms of the procedure which is followed if what is meant by "overruling"

refers to the initial determination on a given application. As explained above,

the technical staff and the Operating Committee obtain the views of all affected

executive agencies. A conclusion is reached from all this information and then

there is provision for appeal to the Advisory Committee on lbzport Policy.

Under our procedure, we do not consider any agency "overruled" in the exact

sense unless that agency has pursued an appeal ,to the Advisory Committee on

Export Policy, or to a higher level. Our records 'show, for example, that froth

the period January 1, 1959, to January 1, 1961, of the total number of export

licenses applications considered, on several the Defense Department entered

objection at the Operating Committee level and in substantially fewer instances

the Defense Department pursued appeal to the Advisory Committee level. The

exact figures on these are available to you for your personal inspection.

What appeal machinery is available to the Defense Department on. export

license applications F.—As previously explained, any agency or department having membership on the Advisory Committee on Export Policy structure has full

authority to appeal either the Operating Committee or the Advisory Committee
272 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

on Export Policy chairman's recommendations if, in the opinion of that agency

or department, such a recommendation is contrary to the national policy, national

security or the provisions of the Export Control Act. In fact, not only do they

have such an opportunity but a responsibility to do so as well. The appeal from

the Operating Committee chairman's recommendation would, of course, be to

the Advisory Committee on Export Policy and an appeal from the chairman

of the ACEP to the Secretary of Commerce. Of course, opportunity always

exists for Cabinet officers or agency heads to discuss such matters with even

the President if such discussion appears necessary.

On all export license applications on which there is any question (that is

handled by the Operating Committee) automatic notification is given to all

agencies and departments represented on the Advisory Committee. As indicated

above you have previously been furnished detailed information on the membership of these various committees. We would also emphasize that in addition

to the executive agencies and departments previously mentioned from whom

we obtain advice and recommendations the Central Intelligence Agency continually provides the Department of Commerce with current intelligence information relative to matters involved in the export control program.

Was the Commerce Department's decision based on the advice of one expert

or several experts?--The decision of the responsible policy official of the Department to authorize the export of the internal grinders by the Bryant Co. was

based not only on technical/strategic advice of experts within the Department

of Commerce but on advice from experts both in other governmental agencies

and departments and from industry. Additionally, this official received intelligence and policy advice through the Advisory Committee on Export Policy

structure as to the desirability and advisability of permitting the export. Lastly,

this official conferred personally with officials of the industrial firms concerned.

On the basis of all of these factors, the determination was made that denial

of the licenses would not be effective in preventing or significantly delaying

procurement of substantially comparable machines by the U.S.S.R. from other

sources than the United States And that the potential output and utilization of

the machines was not such as to represent a significant hazard to the United

States.

Do these experts have a professional engineering background and, more specifically, do they have a specialized background in the ballbearing field?—We

received advice from personnel who did have background and experience in both

machine tool production and utilization, and in ball-bearing production and

utilization. In addition, of course, several available staff persons in the Department of Commerce who have technical and engineering background in machine tool production and ball-bearing production and utilization were available

to advise on this matter.

Did the Commerce Department experts submit written report concerning

Bryant machines, etc?—The file on this case shows a report giving detailed

technical information on the Bryant machines. Included in this same report is

Information in reference to the Jones & Lamson machines on which you recommended that the suspension be lifted so these machines could be shipped to the

Soviet Union. This report as well as further information in the Department

of Commerce files is available to you for your personal inspection.

Sincerely yours,

( Signed) ROWLAND BURNSTAN,

International Affairs.

[Telegram]

MARCH 2, 1961.

Hon. THOMAS J. DODD,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.:

We are revoking permanently the Bryant Co. export license for grinding machines as we are informed the Defense Department has need of these machines

and will enter purchase negotiations with the Bryant Co.

LUTHER H. HODGES,

Secretary of Commerce.
EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA 273

The following memorandum was received on March 3 from Fred B.

Smith, Assistant General Counsel, Treasury Department, in response

to an inquiry suggested by subcommittee counsel, J. G. Sourwine

(seep. 78) :

MARC/I 3, 1901.

MEMORANDUM

To: Mr. W. F. McManus, room 3232, Senate Office Building.

From: Fred B. Smith, Assistant General, Counsel, Treasury Department.

Subject: Request for information regarding payments by United States in

"blocked currency."

There is attached a memorandum prepared in my office in response to questions you raised with Mr. Harold Pollak as to whether the United States makes

any payments in blocked currency. It is understood this question arose in a

recent hearing being conducted by the Internal Security Subcommittee.

I trust the information in this memorandum is responsive to your inquiry.

However, if you desire additional information, please do not hesitate to advise

us.

MEMORANDUM

MARCH 1, 1961.

This memorandum deals with a question which recently arose during

a hearing by the Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee with respect to trade between the United States

and the U.S.S.R. At one point in the hearing, after a witness had

been questioned by the committee counsel with respect to purchases

of industrial equipment in the United States by the U.S.S.R., the

question arose why such purchases were made. The witness responded

that the purchases were probably made in the United States because

the U.S.S.R. had accumulated dollar credits in the United States

and desired to use them. In response to a further question by the

committee counsel as to whether such dollars had to be spent in the

United States, the witness replied as follows: "We were led to believe it had to be spent in the United States." At this point the

committee counsel asked the following question: "Does the United

States make any payments in blocked currency; does anybody here

know ?" When no one could answer the question, the committee

counsel obtained permission from the Chair to have the staff insert

a detailed report in the record on this question.

In this context it is assumed that the question sought to be answered

is whether the U.S. Government makes any payments in dollars which

are blocked; i.e., which cannot be taken out of this country but which

must be expended in this country.

Private dollar payments to the U.S.S.R. and other Soviet-bloc

countries (except Communist China and North Korea) are not blocked

under any statute of the United States. Under the Foreign Assets

Control Regulations of the Treasury Department issued under section

5(b) of the Trading With the Enemy Act dollar payments to Communist China and orth Korea. are prohibited unless licensed. Some

licenses have been issued which permit the import of Communist

Chinese publications provided the dollar payments therefor remain

in blocked accounts. Withdrawals from such accounts for any purpose may not be made except under license issued by the Foreign

Assets Control.

65552-61—pt. 2 2
274 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

It is assumed the committee is aware that the proceeds of loans

to foreign governments by the Export-Import Bank are used to finance

procurement in the United States; i.e., for the promotion of U.S.

exports. Further, under existing policy decisions, and in order to

lessen the imbalance in the -U.S. Government's payments position

with the rest of the world, the Development Loan Fund and the International Cooperation Administration also are following policies

of relating their loans generally to the procurement of U.S. goods

and services. Funds provided to foreign governments by these institutions are, of course, not considered as "blocked" payments.
INDEX

NOTE.-The Senate Internal Security Subcommittee attaches no significance

to the mere fact of the appearance of the name of an individual or an organization

in this index.

A Page

ABEC 5 39, 93, 94

ABEC 7 93

ABEC 9 93

ACEP Committee 50

ADR, France 12

Advisory Committee on Export Policy 34, 35, 49, 51, 268, 271, 272

Membership of 52

Aeronautics and Space Agency, National 20, 21

Aiken, Hon. George D 31, 32

Air Force, U.S 269

Air France 99

Aktiengesellschaft Fritz Studer (company) Germany 107, 158

American Machinist/Metalworking Manufacturing (magazine) 16, 43, 207

Ampex Corp 188

Amtorg Trading Corp 81, 225, 226, 229, 259

Appendix I (statements of experts in ball bearing tool and instrumentation

field) 107-114

Appendix II (correspondence between Senator Dodd and Commerce Department) 115-124

Appendix III (sundry correspondence, re ball bearing machines) 124-133

Appendix IV (letters from Bryant Chucking Grinder Co.) 134-150

Appendix V (re suspension of Bryant export license) 153-167

Appendix VI (re model "B" centalign internal grinder) 168-173

Appendix VII (magazine articles, re ball bearing machines) J.74-208

Appendix VIII (ball bearing contract between Bryant and Stankoimport) ,, 209-266

Arapov, D 103

Arbitration Tribunal 231, 260, 261

Argentina 126

Army Ordnance 179

Army's Diamond Ordnance Fuze Laboratories 177

Attorney General 51

Australia 126

Automation and mechanization, committee for 103, R-5

Automation and mechanization, council for R-5

B

Bajandurov 231, 237, 261, 264

Barden Corp., Danbury, Conn 14, 107-109, 113, 120, 269, R-3, R-4, R-8

Barden, N.H 27

Basel R-4

Battle Act, the 49

Becker, Mr 74

Becker, George H., Jr 7-9, 13, 116, 117

Bell, Robert S 178

Bell Telephone Laboratories 178, 188, 189, 190, 201

Big Ben 179

Bixby, H. Glenn 14, 15, 208

B MB, British Co 25

Boeing Aircraft 99

Boeing 707's 99

Bore 68

Bowmar Instrument Corp., Fort Wayne, Ind 176, 179, 188

275

•
276 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

Page

Bown Wm 184

Bracknell, England 270, R-4, R-8

Bridges, Senator Styles 129-133

Bristol, Conn 269, R-8

British Manufacturing Bearing Co., Ltd 37, 162, 163

Brown (David) Industries, Ltd 207

Browne & Sharpe 92

Brussels show R-4

Bryant Chucking Grinder Co., Springfield, Vt 1-272, R-1-8

Bryant 2201 23

Bryant export license 122, 124, 153

Bryant model B Centalign. (See Centalign.)

Bureau of Foreign Commerce 34, 35

Burnstan

'

Rowland 119, 121-123, 270, 272

Burroughs Corp 188, 190

Bush, Harold A 231, 237, 261, 264

Bush, Dr. Vannevar 177

Business Week (magazine) 18, 207

C

Cambridge, Mass R-8

Candello, Bob 185

Carter, Raymond H. (Nick) 183

Centalign, Bryant model B 13,

28, 37, 39-43, 66, 91-93, 101, 104-109, 111, 112, 114, 116, 118-124,

128, 130, 132, 133, 136-138, 140-142, 144-146, 148-150, 153, 155,

158, 162, 209, 212, 215, 241, 270, R-2, R-5, R-7.

Exhibits on 168-173

Centalign, Bryant model C 41-43, 92, 113, 116, 138, 143

Cherwin, Richard H 120

Chicago Exposition 42

CIA 50

"Close Look at Product Quality, A", Oil Power magazine article 204-206

COCOM Committee 41, 66

Commerce Department 2-4,

, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 21, 26, 31-101, 105, 107, 115-129, 131-135, 137,

144-146, 150, 157, 160, 161, 164, 166, 167, 207, 208, 267-272,

R-1, R-2.

Commerce, Secretary of R-2, R-7

Cotton, Senator Norris 119

Council of Ministers 103

Cross Co 208

D

Danbury, Conn 269, R-4, R-8

Daniels, A N 269, 270

Daniels, Arthur 145

Dardani, Humbert M 3, 12, 14, 153, 159, 162

Defense, Department of 31,

, 32, 34, 49, 54, 55, 60, 61, 75, 86-88, 99, 108, 109, 118, 119, 121-124,

135, 140, 157, 163, 165, 182, 267, 268, 270-272, R-2, R-3, R-5,

R-7.

International Security Affairs 54, 60, 75, 76

Denhard, William G 107, 108, 269, 270, R-8

Detroit, Mich 15

Dison, B 103

Dodd, Senator Thomas J R-1-3

Dodds, Robert (testimony of) 31-100

Draper, Dr. Charles Stark 269-270

Economic Gazette (Soviet) E-5, E-6

Eisenhower, President 176

Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta 102-104, 106

Elder, Andrew R 12
EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA 277

Page

Electric Autolite 179

Elliott Bros., Ltd. (London) 108

Emerson (company) 179

EMO Instrumentation Co 270, R-4, R-8

EMO Instrumentation, Ltd. (England) 108, 199, 114

England 11, 25, 126

ENIIPP 103

ENIMS 103

Erickson 58

Ex-Cell-0 Corp 14, 18, 208

Detroit 41

Leicester, England 41

Goeppingen, West Germany 41

Exhibit A (biographical sketches of Barden officers) 110

Exhibit 7 (re model B miniature centalign internal grinder) 168-173

Exhibit 8 (Reader's Digest article "Incredible World of Micro-Minatures,

The") 174-177

Exhibit 8a (Newsweek article "The Tiny Titans") 178-179

Exhibit 8b (True magazine article "Genius of the Bug-Sized Marvels")_ 181-186

Exhibit 8c (four articles from Oil Power magazine, re ball bearing machines) 189-206

Exhibit 8d (Business Week article "Soviets Buy U.S. Machine Tools") 207-208

Exhibit 9 (Letter to Mueller) 115

Exhibit 10 (letter to Dodd) 115-116

Exhibit 11 (letter to Mueller) 117

Exhibit 12 (letter to Sourwine) 117, 118

Exhibit 13 (list of foreign firms capable of producing miniature precision

bearings without Bryant model B Centalign 37-40

Exhibit 14 (statement on machine tool export to Russia by Bryant) 40-45

Exhibit 15 (contract between Bryant and Stankoimport) 209-240

Exhibit 15a (contract between Bryant and Stankoimport) 241-266

Explorer 183

Explorer IV 5

Export of ball bearing machines to U.S.S.R 1-272

Export Control Act 34, 116, 271, 272

Export Control Act of 1959 33

Export Supply, Office of (Commerce) 271

F

Fafnir Bearing Co., New Britian, Conn 107, 111, 269, R-3, R-8

Fairbanks, A. G 58

Farrar, Dr. John T 191

Ferranti Bros., Ltd., Edinburgh 108

Fisk, Bradley 31-100, 116, 121, 123, 137, 140, 144, 157, R-3-5

Testimony of 31-100

Fortuna, West Germany 37

Fortuna-Werke, Stuttgart, Germany (company) 107, 158

France 12, 40, 41, 66, 126

Franklin Institute 270, R-8

Friedenberg, Ronald 31-100

Fuji Electric, Japan 45

Fujita 12, 13

"Future-In Miniature, The" 200-203

G

Geiger counter 200

General Electric Co 177, 179

General Motors Corp 111, 112

"Genius of the Bug-Sized Marvels" 181-186

Germany 25, 73, 96, 126, R-4

Gilbert, Horace D 1-29 36 76 97

99, 117, 129-133, 139, 142, 145, 153-156, 166, 175, 182-186

Testimony of _ .. _ _ _ 1-29

Gleason Works 208

Goodman, Dr. Edmund N 179
•

278 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

• Page

GosEkonSovet 101

GOSPLAN 104

GPZ (bearing plant in Kuybyshev) 104

Grayhill, Inc 179

Great Britain_ 66

Gudeman, Under Secretary 119, 121, 122

Gulf Research & Development Co 186

Gwyer, Joseph 101-106, R-5, R-6

Testimony of 101-106

H

Harrison, Norman T., testimony of 31-100

Hayes, Thomas L 127, 128

Heald Machine Tool Co., Worcester 3, 13, 24, 45, 156

Heald 180, Gage-matic 23

Hensby, Stanley 107, 114, 270, R-4, 11-8

Hill, Evan 182, 186

Hodges, Secretary of Commerce Luther H_ 46, 118, 119, 121, 123, 150, 272, R-1

Hohokus, N.J 270, R-8

Hughes Aircraft Co 179

ICA 50

Il'ich factory, Leningrad 26, 104

Illinois Bell 179

Import Trading Corp 49

"Incredible World of Micro-Miniatures, The" 174-177

India 126

Industrial Production Equipment Division (Defense) 267

"Inspection Procedure for Stankoimport Machines" 58

Installations and Logistics (Defense) 267

Institute of Radio Engineers 178

Instrumentation Laboratory 

"Integrated Electronics for Fewer and Smaller Components" 

International Affairs (Commerce) 

InternationaL Business Machines Corp. (IBM) 

International Machine Tool Exposition, Paris 

International Machine Tool Show in London

International Security Affairs (Defense) 

International Trade (Commerce) 

Interior • - 

Iowa, State University of 

ISA. (See International Security Affairs.)

Italy_ 9, 26, 40, 41, 66, 77, R-4

269, 270

194-195

272, R-3

176, 179

13

109, 159

267, 268

267

50

5

J

Japan 11, 12, 40, 66, 126

Jones & Lamson, Springfield, Vt. (J & L) 25,

31, 32, 35, 40, 45, 47, 48-51, 53, 61-63, 74, 75, 77, 80, 82, 84-86,

92-95, 98-100, 118, 124, 135, 138, 149, 207, 272.

Jupiter-C 183

K

Karkut, E. J 108, 109, 269, R-8

Keating, Senator 142, 167

Keene, N. H 2, 36, 48

Kelly, Charles - - 117

Kennedy, President 119

Knebel, Kenneth V 112, 269, R-$

Kolanowski, Stanley C 179

Kolmychkov 231, 237

Kolmytchkow 261, 264

Konet Co 113, 270, R-8

Konet, Henry_ 114, 270, R-6, R-8

Kosmetsky, Dr. George 178
EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA 279

L Page

Lear automatic pilot 182

Leicester, England 41

Leyds, Nicolas (Nicholas D.) 18,

31-100, 129-132, 136, 139-141, 143, 167, 231, 237, 261, 264

Testimony of 31-100

Le ni agrad 26

Lit rary of Congress 101, 267, R-2, R-5

Lit on Industries 178

Llo3 ds (of London) 224, 254

LOT don machine tool exhibit 105

Lufthansa 99

McCaffrey, Frank, testimony of

McCaff-rey, Mr 

McLean, Dr. D. A 

Machines & Tooling (publication)

Mallory Battery Co 

Manchester 

Manchester, Harland 

Marine insurance policy 

Martin, David

Maschin Fabrik Spandau & Wotan 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Meidensha, Japan 

Milan Show 

Mikhaylov, No

Mims, Bruce L

Minganti Giuseppe (company), Bologna, Italy 

Minganti, Italy 

Miniature Ball Bearing Co. (MPB) 

Miniature Precision Bearings Co., Inc. (MPB)

2, 4, 12, 13, 21, 31, 32, 36, 62, 90, 92, 97, 98, 107, 108, 111, 124,

128, 129, 131, 142, 143, 145, 148, 153, 154, 158-162, 166, 167, 175.

176, 181-186, 188, 196, 206.

"Miniaturization-Making the Small Smaller"

article 

Ministers, Council of -

Minneapolis-Honeywell Corp

Mobil (oil)

Model E automatic grinders

Models:

371m1 

3180 

3B71 

3A227B 

3227B 

Moeser, William,

Moscow

Moxcey, C. V 

MPB. (See Miniature Ball Bearing Co.)

Msh 182 (Russian grinding machine)

Mueller, Mr 

Mueller, Secretary of Commerce Frederick

Mueller & Fortuna in Western Germany 

Mueller, George 

Mutual Security Agency 

Mc

31-100

157

189

26

188

32

174

224, 254

112, 113, 121, 123

14

107, 108, 112, 269, 270, R-8

45

44

103

107-109, 269, R-3-5, R-8

107, 114, 158, R-4

37, 44, 95

R-2, R-3, R-4

1,

Oil Power magazine

189-191

- R-5

186

204-206

53

103

103

103

103, 106

103

testimony of 31-100

140, 208, 209, 229, 231, 241

206,

14

7, 33, 46

H__-115, 116, 126-129, 133, R-1, R-3

45

161

49

NASA 5a

National Bureau of Standards 188

National Machine Tool Builders Exposition, Chicago 46

Navy Department 75, 86, 88

"New Breakthrough: Molecular Electronics, The", Oil Power magazine

article 192-193
280 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

Page

New Britain, Conn 269, R-3, R-8

New Departure Ball Bearing Co., Bristol, Conn 107,

111, 112, 144-146, 148, 151, 269, R-4, R-8

New Hampshire Ball Bearings, Inc 12, 120, 269, 270

Newsweek magazine 28, 178

Nippon Miniature Bearing Co., Japan 12

Nitze, Mr 61

NMB, Japan 12, 13

Norden bombsight 108, 182-184

Norden, Carl L 175, 184

Novarese, Bologna, Italy 53

0

OD 21, 22

OD grinders 83

Office of Scientific Research and Development 177

Oil Power 28

Oil Power magazine 187

OTT. (See International Trade, Office of.)

Olympia Show in London 42

Ostroff, Nathan, testimony of 31-100

Overbeck, West Germany 37, 44

Overbeck OHG (company), Germany 107, 158, 162

P

Packard-Bell Electronics 178

Paris Exposition 133

Patterson, Henry B 1-29, 36, 45, 125-127, 129, 130, 132, 139

Peterborough, N.H 269, 270

Philadelphia, Pa 270, R-8

Philco (company) 179

Pierce, Winslow S., Jr 175, 183-185, 196

Preparedness Subcommittee 31, 32, 71

Precision Ball Bearing Co 76, 83, 95, 99

"Production of Miniature Parts, The," article from Oil Power magazine_ 196-198

Proposed export of ball bearing machines to U.S.S.R R-1-8

Prouty, Senator Winston 124-129, 132

R

Race 68

Race groove grinding machine model LZ-40 26

Ray, Under Secretary Philip A 116, 117

RCA 177, 179, 188, 191, 194, 202

Reader's Digest 28, 174

Reilly Engineering Ltd., England 162

Righter, Richard W 75-100, 142, 154, 163-165

RI V Italy 26

RMB Roulements Miniatures, Switzerland 12, 37, 162, 163

Rotterdam 224, 227, 253

Russian Institute for Machine Tool Development 72

Rylov 104

S

Saratov 

Saratov Economic Council 

Saratov machine tool plant 

104

106

102, R-5

Sarnoff, David 194, 202

Sarnoff (David) Research Center 194

Schulmerich Carillons of Sellersville, Pa 179

Scranton, William M 12, 13

Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare 127

Senate Space Committee 118

Shanahan, W. J 188

Sheaffer, Frank, testimony of 31-100

Sheneman, John, testimony of 31-100

Sheneman, John R 167
EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA 281

Page Shukhovitskiy, A 102 Sidewinder guided missile, Navy's 183 SKB-5 (Saratov Economic Council) 103 SKB-13 103 SKF, Swedish firm 37, 162, 163, R-4 SKS 114 Sloan, J. Richard 1-29, 36, 45, 148, 153, 1€0 Societe Nouvelle de Fabrications Aeronautiques, France 37, 162 "Soviets Buy U.S. Machine Tools," article from Business Week Decem- ber 10, 1960 207-280 "Space Miniaturization: United States versus U.S.S.R." 5

Sperry Gyroscope Co 183, 184 Springfield, Vt 2, 25, 32, 33, 40 Sputnik 182 Sputnik III 5

Stanki i Strument 104, 105 Stanko Import 68 Stankoimport, Moscow 16, 33, 53, 58, 59, 94, 96 Stankoimport (company) 

139, 207-209, 224-226, 229, 231, 232, 237, 241, 253, 258, 2d State Department of 49, 61, 271 Statement on machine tool export to Russia 40-47 Stewart-Warner Electronics 179 Stillman, John, testimony of 31-100 Stoner, Seth H 111, 112, 269, R-8 Stubbs, Alan 108, 131, 150, 156 Testimony of 31-100 Studer Co. (Germany) 114, R-4 Studer grinder 109 Supply and Logistics (Defense Department) 268 Sweden 37 Swiss Industries Fair in Basel 112, R-4 Switzerland 9, 12, 13, 37, 40, 73, 126, R-4

Talyrond machine 59 Tawresey, John S 113, 270, R-8 Texas Instuments, Inc 177 Thorp, Capt. Wakeman B 61, 75-100, 157 Testimony of 75-100 "Tiny Titans, The" Newsweek article 178-179 Tiros weather satellite 203 Tomlinson, J R

Toshiba 

108, 109, 120, 269, R-3-5, R-8

45 Toshiba, Japan (ball bearing firm) 161

Treasury Department 78 Tripet MAR 200 112

Trudeau, Lt. Gen. Arthur G 189

True magazine 28, 181

U

Ulvsunda (U.V.A.), Stockholm, Sweden (company) 107, 114, 158, 159 United Kingdom 40, 46

U.S.S.R., export of ball bearing machines to 1-272

U.S.S.R., proposed export of ball bearing machines to R-1-8

U.V.A., Sweden (see also Ulvsunda) 37, 44, R-4

V

Valentine, Richard H 111, 112, 269, R-8 Valentine, Robert H 107

Van Dorn, Horace B 107, 111, 269, R-3, R-8

Van Norman Co., Springfield, Mass 14

Van Oldenbarneveldstraat, Pakhuismeesteren 224, 229, 259 Vasil'yev, V 103 Vitebsk plant im. Kirov 102, 103, 104, R-5
282 EXPORT OF BALL BEARING MACHINES TO RUSSIA

Pan

Vladziyevskiy 105

VNIPIPP (all union scientific research and planning—Design institute of

the bearing industry) 104

Voronezh Plant R-5

Voumard, Germany (ball bearing firm) 162

,Vouinard Machine Co., Ltd., La Choux de Fonds, Switzerland 13,

107, 114, 158, R-4

Voumard, Studer, Switzerland 37, 44

Voumard No. 3 internal grinder 112

Vsesojuznoje Objedinenije "Stankoimport". (See Stankoimport.)

W

Wallmark, Dr. J. T 194

Walpole, N. H 62

West Germany 37, 40

Westinghouse 179, 190, 201

White, Edward A 176

Whitmore, H. H 77

Wiggin, Chester M., Jr 133

Williams, D L 269, R-8

Williams, Donald 112, R-4

Williams, John 88

Williams, John H., statement of 267-268

Wolfe, Maynard Frank 182

Wolff, Dr. Irving 195

Wright, Spencer, testimony of 31-100

Yak obson 105

Zook, Petrie, Sheneman & Reid 32, 167

Zworykin, Dr. Vladimir K 191