> 0 3 1

ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF U N E S C O ^ x ;

V 4* GOVERNMENT

. f" 7^/^ Storage

Un 3s/ie>

H E A R IN G

BEFORE A

SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS 

UNITED STATES SENATE

EI GH TY -EIG HT H CONGRESS 

F IR S T SE SS IO N

MARCH 4, 1963

KSU LIBRARIES

□

S i h

P ri nte d fo r th e us e of th e Com m ittee on F ore ig n R el ations

95569

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 1963
AV

Oi'%4 all

COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS

J. W. FU LB RI GHT, Arkansas, Chairman

JOHN SPAR KM AN , Alabama BO UR KE B. HI CK EN LO OPE R, Iowa

HU BE RT IL HU M PH RE Y, Minnesota GE OR GE D. AI KE N, Vermon t

MIK E MAN SF IE LD , Montana FR AN K CAR LSO N, Kansas

WA YN E MO RSE, Oregon JOHN J. WILL IAMS , Delaware

RU SSEL L B. LONG, Louisiana KA RL E. MUN DT , South Dakota

AL BE RT GO RE , Tennessee

FR AN K J. LA USCH E, Ohio

FR AN K CH UR CH , Idaho

STUA RT SY MI NG TO N, Missouri

TH OM AS J. DO DD , Connecticut

GE OR GE A. SM AT HE RS , Florida

Carl M arcy, Chief of Staff

Darrell St. Claire, Clerk

Sub co mm itte e on I nt er na ti on al Org an iza tio n Aff air s

FR AN K CH UR CH , Idaho, Chairman

HUBER T PI. HUM PH RE Y, Minnesota FR AN K CARLSON, Kansas

RU SSEL L B. LO NG , Louisiana JOHN J. WILL IAMS , Delaware

Donald G. H ende rson, St af f Ass istant

Note.—This hearing was held in execu tive session.

n
C O N T E N T S

Statem ent of— Page

Battle, Hon. Lucius D., Assistant Secretary of Sta te for Educatio nal 

and Cultural Affairs; accompanied by Donald B. Eddy, Office 

of Intern ational Administration, Department of State ___________ 1

Inse rts for the record:

Examples of errors in UNESCO publication “Equality of Rights 

Between Races and Nationalities in the U.S.S.R” ______________

List of members of U NES CO__________________________________

Membership of Executive Board Publications Com mittee__________

Arrearages of UNESCO m embers______________________________

Personnel costs in U.N. and the specialized agencies______________

Membership of U.S. National Commission for UNESC O__________

Summary index__________________________________________________

CO CO i > CO b - IO

ni

ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

MARCH 4, 1963

United States Senate,

Subcommittee on I nternational Organization

Affairs of the Committee on F oreign R elations,

Washing ton, D.C.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10:15 a.m., in room 

S-116, U.S. Capitol Building, Senator Frank Church (chairman of the 

subcommittee) presiding.

Present: Senators Church (presiding), Aiken, and Carlson.

Senator Church. Mr. Secretary, all of the committee members 

who have indicated tha t they intend to be here this morning have not 

arrived, but we will commence the hearing. I am sure that some of 

them will be arriving in the course of the hearing this morning. 

Mr. B attle, do you have a prepared statem ent?

Mr. Battle. I have, sir.

Senator Church. Why don’t you begin your testimony, then, by 

reading the statem ent. By the time you are finished, I am sure tha t 

other members will be present.

STATEMENT OF HON. LUCIUS D. BATTLE, ASSISTANT SECRETARY

OF STATE FOR EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL AFFA IRS; ACCOMPANIED BY DONALD B. EDDY, OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL

ADMINIST RATION, DEPARTMENT OF STATE

Mr. Battle. Than k you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Chairman, I am glad to appear before this distinguished subcommittee to discuss the pamphlet published by UNESCO on which 

there has been so much public comment recently.

I believe this pamphlet on “Equality of Rights Between Races and 

Nationalities in the U.S.S.R.” is illustrative of many of the problems 

inherent in our participation in an international organization such as 

UNESCO. Let me assure you that the Department is not oblivious 

of these problems and is doing its utmost to correct them.

T W E L F T H G E N ER A L C O N FE R E N C E OF U N ESCO

Last November I was chairman of the U.S. delegation to the Twelfth 

General Conference of UNESCO. In my major address to the Plenary 

Session of the Conference, I stressed, in addition to a plea to keep the 

budget within reason and to improve the management practices of 

the organization, five broad areas where the U.S. Government feels 

very strongly tha t improvement in the organization is essential. 

The last of these deals specifically with the problem before us today.

1
2 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

I tol d the General Conference:

Fi rst, th at the numb er and len gth of the meetings and conferences 

spo nsored by UNE SC O can a nd sh ould be reduced.

Second, th at the tim e had come for UN ESCO to dete rmine w hethe r 

the internati on al nongovern me nta l org ani zation s which it has sub sidized for ma ny years can becom e self-susta inin g.

Th ird , th at UN ESCO should reexam ine its con tinuin g su pp ort of 

those projects, ins tituti ons, centers , and other act ivities which it 

initiated with the inten tio n of supp ortin g for only a lim ited time.

Fo ur th, th at UN ESCO sho uld eliminate com pet itio n with oth er 

U.N . specializ ed agencies and duplication of their efforts.

Fifth , and here I should like to quote my fifth point :

My government considers th at UNESCO should abandon activities such as 

tendentious publications, and those seminars, meetings and other projects which 

experience has shown lead to polemics ra the r than scholarly results. The elimination of such projects will result in considerable savings of manpower and money, 

without in any way impairing the essential, high-priority programs of proven 

benefit. The question is not only one of cost, b ut one of integrity, for UNESCO’s 

standa rds of scholarship, like Caesar’s wife, must be above reproach.

This s tate men t is indic ative of th e seriousness with which the dep ar tme nt views the UN ESCO publications problem.

H IS TO R Y OF P U B L IC A T IO N IN Q U E STIO N

Now, let me tra ce briefly for you the his tor y of the pub lication in 

que stio n, “ Equ al ity of Rights Betwe en Rac es and Na tio nalities in 

the U.S.S .R.” Th e boo kle t is pa rt of a series on “ Rac e and Socie ty” 

pub lish ed by UN ES CO in execution of its constituti onal man da te to—

contribute to peace and secu rity by promoting collaboration among the nations * * * for the hum an rights and fundam enta l freedoms which are affirmed 

for the peoples of the world, withou t distinction of race, sex, language, or religion, 

by the c harter of th e United Nations.

An earlier work in thi s series was wr itten by Dr . Mo rroe Berger of 

the Un ite d State s. This publication , issued in 1954, reviewe d and 

assessed Federal and St ate antidisc rim ina tion legislation. We consider it a sch olarly and obj ective stu dy .

Th e Sov iet stu dy , on the othe r hand, has been used as a vehicle for 

politica l pro paganda. It igno res recognized sta nd ards of scientific 

research by pre sen ting a disto rte d and often fallacious picture of the 

trea tm en t of natio nalities and minority groups in the Sov iet Union. 

It conta ins num erous bla ta nt examples of Soviet and anti-W estern 

pro paganda. In so doing, of course, it serv es the natio nal objectives 

and policy of the Sov iet Uni on by pre sen ting the Soviet poi nt of view 

and no t the objective s of intern ationa l un derst andin g espoused by 

UN ESCO .

La st A pril, imme dia tely after publication of this b ook let in English, 

the Dep artm en t vigo rously prote ste d to the Acting Di rec tor Gen eral 

of UN ES CO —actu ally, sir, there was an earlier info rma l prote st on 

Marc h 19, but the actua l formal protest came in April—citing the 

reasons I hav e given above, and po int ing ou t th at th e boo kle t violate d 

the principles of the UN ESCO constitu tion. In his rep ly to this protes t, the A cting Direc tor Ge neral said that th e s tudy was a co un terp art 

to the American pub lica tion and was meant to, and I quo te, “ reflect
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 3

as faithfully as possible the views of competent Soviet authorities.” 

He added, and again I am quoting, that—

the criticisms elic ited by th e pu bli catio n of this bro chure thr ow light, in a more 

general ma nner on th e difficulties en co un ter ed by th e Se cretariat in m at te rs of 

publication, owing to th e lac k of precise instructions from th e governing bodies 

of UN ESCO .

LACK OF PRECISE POLICY DIRECTIVES RULING UNESCO PUBLICATIONS

Mr. Chairman, I think the Director General’s statem ent points up 

the real problem involved here, UNESCO has never had clear and 

precise policy directives with regard to publications. Indeed, before 

the Soviet Union joined the Organization in 1954, such policy directives were not so necessary since other member states could generally 

be relied upon to observe what we would consider acceptable standards of scholarly research and objective reporting. After the Soviet 

Union joined UNESCO, it became increasingly apparent that it was 

attempting to advance its own objectives by using UNESCO publications for political propaganda. We are convinced that the UNESCO 

Secretariat has been reasonably successful in resisting these pressures. 

Lacking criteria to govern its publications, however, the Organization 

runs the risk of becoming involved in ideological and political disputes. 

As a result, the Director General has requested member states to give 

him, through UNESCO’s governing bodies, policy directives to serve 

as a guide for future publications.

In response to the Director General’s request, the Department has 

sought the advice of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO, 

and has formulated comprehensive criteria which, if adopted, would 

prevent the use of UNESCO publications for Soviet propaganda purposes. These criteria have been formally submitted to the Director 

General. We hope tha t UNESCO will be successful in getting common agreement on precise publications policy directives. We expect 

a subcommittee of the executive board to take up the matter in April 

of this year.

Finally, I think it is important to note tha t UNESCO publishes 

hundreds of studies every year which do not evoke any criticism and 

which are regarded as being generally objective. Even so, the lack 

of precise policy guidance does, from time to time, result in publications objectionable to the United States. The Department conducts 

a careful screening of every UNESCO publication to insure tha t those 

which contain propaganda are brought to the attention of the Secretariat. At the same time, we are fully aware of the necessity of 

resolving the long-term problem by having UNESCO adopt clear 

publications policy directives, and we intend to pursue this matter 

vigorously.

Senator Church. Thank you, Mr. Secretary.

PROPOSED CRITERIA SUBMITTED BY THE UNITED STATES FOR 

UNESCO PUBLICATIONS

Aou mention the fact tha t criteria have been submitted by the 

State Department to the governing body of UNESCO. Do you 

have the proposed criteria here, and can they be made a part of the 

record?
4 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

Mr. Battle. I have, sir. They consist of five points, which I 

should be glad to read, if it is the chairman’s wish.

Senator Church. Very well.

Mr. Battle. One, UNESCO should publish only in those fields 

which are clearly within its scope and competence, and where publications contribute to the attainment of its objectives.

Two, abusive or biased statements should be avoided so tha t the 

rules of objective and judicious writing prevail in all UNESCO 

publications.

Three, authorship of all publications other than statements of 

official Organization policy should be clearly stated and individual 

authors should be recognized as competent in their field. In this 

regard, recognition of competence should be based both on the views 

of the government of the author’s country, and on the opinion of the 

international community of scholars in the author’s field.

Four, careful distinction should be made by format and by specific 

disclaimer between publications presenting official positions to which 

UNESCO is formally committed, and publications reporting conference or committee discussion or individual statements or documents 

with which UNESCO is not necessarily in agreement.

And, lastly, UNESCO should temporarily suspend publication of 

monograph studies of purely national situations and circumstances, 

since it is not possible, under the present circumstances, to publish 

such studies without the risk of compromising the integrity of the 

Organization.

In the free exchange of ideas which must underly objective scholarly 

research, the reader is able to compare and contrast opposing points 

of view only if those points of view are presented in such a way as 

to be truly comparable. Yet comparability requires prior agreement 

on purposes and principles, and it is apparent tha t such agreement 

has been lacking in certain series of monographs on national situations published by UNESCO.

In the absence of this agreement, authors of national publications 

will continue producing research for UNESCO publications according 

to their own, perhaps valid, but often contradictory principles of 

scholarly research.

In this situation, UNESCO may find itself compromised by the 

ideological rivalry centering around its activities, distrusted by honest 

scholars, dishonored by the use of its prestige for purely national 

purposes.

Those, sir, are the points.

PR O PO SE D SU SPE N SIO N OF C E R T A IN U N ESC O PU B L IC A T IO N S

Senator Church. I must say that I am most in agreement with 

point No. 5. It seems to me quite impossible and quite unrealistic 

to assume tha t publication dealing with any domestic matter in the 

Soviet Union and authored entirely by Russians is likely to be a very 

objective account. Moreover, what business UNESCO has publishing such a Russian document as the official statement of an 

international body is quite beyond m y understanding.

UNESCO is meant to be an international instrument—not the horn 

of the Soviet Union, nor the horn of the United States. What 

business UNESCO has publishing a document written entirely by
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 5

Americans dealing with our domestic situation may be equally open 

to question, though we have objective standards regarding sholarship 

in this country which I do not think are maintained in the Soviet 

Union. Even so, it seems a very questionable thing for an international organization to be doing.

PR E V IO U S PR O T E ST S A BO U T U N E SC O PU B L IC A TIO N S

Have we ever protested this kind of activity before this particular 

Russian pamphlet was issued?

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir, we have. We have on numerous occasions, 

or at least on a number of occasions, found tha t publications, were 

not, in our opinion, of the character they should have been, and we 

have attem pted each time to do something about it.

The actual percentage of those that we consider troublesome is 

approximately 2.2 percent of the total number of publications tha t 

have been issued. But we have regularly reviewed the output, and 

we have attempted to do something forceful about it at the time of the 

publication, depending upon its nature.

D IS T R IB U T IO N OF U N ESCO P U B L IC A T IO N S IN T H E U N IT E D ST A TES

Senator Church. What circulation is given to these publications?

Mr. Battle. I have a list of libraries in America tha t actually 

receive the publication. This particular one was published in French 

in 1961 and in English in early 1962.

Senator Church. What pamphlet was this?

Mr. Battle. 3,000 copies.

Senator Church. What was this pamphlet? What is it called?

Mr. Battle. 

1

 ‘Equality of Rights Between Races and Nationalities 

in the U.S.S.R.” It goes autom atically to a list of depository libraries 

in the United States, and any others must buy the book.

You can get it at the UNESCO publications center in New York. 

This particular one costs $1.50. As of February 15, 1963, we were 

informed tha t they had not sold any copies of the book. Whether 

the recent attention to it has created a demand for it, I do not know. 

But they had not sold any up until that time. It had, however, gone 

to a list of libraries in the United States which receive these publications regularly.

Senator Church. What was the date of this publication in English?

Mr. Battle. It was released in March of 1962, sir. I do not have 

the exact date. It was the latter p art of tha t month.

O B JE C T IO N A B L E E X C E R P T S FROM PA M PH L E T IN Q U E ST IO N

Senator Church. Have you with you, Mr. Secretary, a listing of 

excerpts from this publication to which you objected?

Mr. Battle. I have, sir, a list of specific points tha t we felt were 

not-----

Senator Church. I think these points should not only be raised, 

but I think they ought to be placed in the record of the hearing.

Mr. Battle. There are a great many, sir. I think one only need 

read the first two sentences of the publication to realize tha t the 

character of it is not one th at we could possibly approve of.

95569— 63------ 2
6 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

Senator Church. Would you please read us a representative sampling of excerpts to which you objected.

Mr. Battle. Here are some examples of the errors in this particular 

publication.

E X C E R P T R EG A RD IN G TREA TM EN T OF JE W S IN TH E U .S .S .R .

On page 56, it states:

In the U.S.S.R. the Jews, like all other nationalities and national groups, have 

the opportu nity guaranteed by the Constitu tion to all Soviet citizens without 

distinction of nationality or race of exercising their democratic rights and liberties 

to the full, and of taking an active and creative part in all fields of political, social 

economic and cultural life.

We have what we consider the facts on this issue, if you would like 

to have me read them.

Senator Church. Yes.

Mr. Battle. The fact is: On March 17, 1962, the Jewish sabbath, 

Yehuda-Leib Levin, Chief Rabbi of Moscow, announced tha t matzos, 

the unleavened bread, which plays an important symbolic role in the 

Jewish Passover, would not be available from commercial sources, 

thus revealing and publicly confirming what had already been known 

among Moscow Jews. For the first time in Moscow under the Soviets 

the regime had banned the commercial baking of matzos for the 

Passover. This move represented an extension to Moscow of restrictions which had been previously in effect in a number of other cities.

E X C E R PT R E G A R D IN G T H E BA LT IC ST AT ES

On page 37 of the booklet:

In 1940, the Soviet regime was restored in the Baltic Republics (Lithuania, 

Latvia and Estonia), which volu ntarily joined the Soviet Union.

The fact here, sir, is tha t the first Soviet moves against the Baltic 

countries took place shortly after the outbreak of World War IT. 

Mutu al assistance pacts were forced upon the Baltic States on September 28, October 5, October 10, 1939, under the pretext tha t the 

Baltic area would be denied as a base of operations for the British. 

All three pacts contain specific pledges that the contracting parties 

should not enter into each others’ internal affairs and would respect 

each other’s sovereignty.

On June 14 and 16, 1940, all three Baltic States were ordered by 

the U.S.S.R. to change their governments. The countries were immediately occupied by Soviet troops and Communist-dominated “elections” were set up. Every electoral district in Lithuania, for example, 

was provided with a Russian “instructor” . Voting was declared compulsory. No opposition candidates were allowed.

In each of the Baltic States, the newly elected National Assemblies 

met on July 21. Each National Assembly declared its country to be 

a Soviet Socialist Republic, and decided to request the Supreme Soviet 

of the U.S.S.R. for admission to the Soviet Union. As to the enthusiasm of the Baltic people for Soviet rule, in the postwar period, 

120,000 in Latvia alone were deported, and similar figures have been 

estimated for Estonia, and Lithuania.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 7

E X C E R P T R E G A R D IN G T H E U K R A IN E

Page 42 of the document:

The unification of all the elements of the Ukrainian people within the framework of a national Soviet state was finally achieved in 1945 after the destruction 

of German fascism by the Soviet Army when Tra nsc arp athian Ukraine became 

part of the Ukrainian U.S.S.R. under a friendly agreement between the U.S.S.R. 

and the Czechoslovak Republic in accordance with the wishes of the peoples 

concerned.

The facts, sir, as we see it are these.

While in seizing the Ukrainian lands of Poland after World War II 

the Soviet authorities brought back what was once a part of the 

Czarist Empire, the annexation of Transcarpathia was a totally new 

acquisition. This region had belonged to the old Austro-Hungarian 

Empire before it entered into the composition of the new state of 

Czechosolvakia formed after the World War. The Transcarpathian 

people voted to join the new Czechoslovakia state as an alternative 

to becoming part of Poland or the Soviet state. Armed resistance 

against the Soviet takeover of western Ukraine continued until 1950.

I could go on, sir, with a great many more similar examples.

I might also point out that the tone of the document is in many 

respects rather bad.

Would you like me to continue with these?

Senator Church. You might select a few more representative samples. Then we will include the entire text in the record.

Mr. Battle. All right, sir.

E X C E R P T R E G A R D IN G JE W S IN T H E U .S .S .R .

Page 56 of the document:

There have been no sufficiently compact Jewish minorities in t he Ukraine and 

Byelorussia since the war to justify the reorganization of Jewish soviets and Jewish 

nationalist districts; only the autonomous Jewish region of the RSFSR has 

reta ined its full significance as an independent national sta te formation .

At the same time, account has to be taken of a natur al process which has 

greatly developed during the past 20 years the voluntary assimilation of the 

Jewish population.

Fact: In the U.S.S.R. census of 1959, 2,268,000 registered as Jews. 

These comprise more than 1 percent of the population. The Jews 

rank 11th in size among the 108 nationalities listed in the census as 

comprising the population of the U.S.S.R. Moreover, relatively few 

of this number are in Birobidjan, the autonomous Jewish region of 

the RSFSR. The total population of Birobidjan is given in the 

census as 165,000, without classification to show how m any of these 

may be non-Jews.

Also, the idea of assimilation is in conflict with the requirement 

tha t each Jew must be so designated in the internal passport.

Again on page 56:

The vast majority of Jews of the new generation have freely adopted the 

language and culture of other peoples of the U.S.S.R. and are taking an active 

pa rt in th e political life and the cultural and economic development of the republics in which they are established.

The fact: Since World War II, there have been no schools in 

Yiddish. In 1933 there were more than 800 such schools, with more 

than 120,000 students. Today there are schools in more than 100 

different national languages, but none in Yiddish.
8 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

Similarly, the Yiddish speaking theater has been suppressed since 

World War II. In 1933 there were 18 such theaters operating on a 

permanent basis.

The record on publications shows the demand for Yiddish has by 

no means disappeared. Before World War II newspapers and books 

were published regularly in Yiddish. In 1933, for example, Yiddish 

publishing houses brought out 668 titles, with an aggregate circulation 

of more than 2.5 million. All publication in Yiddish was suppressed 

after World War II with the exception of a small local periodical in 

Birobidjan.

From 1959 on, publication of a few Jewish classics has been permitted in Yiddish, in editions of 30,000. In such cases the entire 

edition has been immediately sold out.

In August 1961 the U.S.S.R. writers union started a bimonthly 

cultural publication in Yiddish called Sovietisclie Heimland. However, this does not meet the basic spiritual needs of the Jewish people, 

since it does not provide for any discussion of spiritual or religious 

matters.

E X A M PL ES OF ERRO R S IN U N ESCO P U B L IC A T IO N IN Q U E ST IO N

Senator Church. May I have a copy of tha t, Mr. Secretary?

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir.

Senator Church. It will be included in the record.

(The document referred to follows:)

Some Examples of Errors in UNESCO Publication “E quality of Rights

Between Races and Nationalities in the U.S.S .R.”

Page 56: “In the U.S.S.R., the Jews, like all other nationalities and national 

groups, have the opportunity, guaranteed by the Constitu tion to all Soviet citizens without distinction of nationality or race, of exercising their democratic 

rights and liberties to the full and of taking an active and creative pa rt in all 

fields of political, social, economic, and cultural life.”

Fact: On March 17, 1962, the Jewish Sabbath, Yehuda-Leib Levin, Chief 

Rabbi of Moscow, announced th at matzohs, the unleavened bread which plays 

an imp ortant symbolic role in the Jewish Passover, would not be available from 

commercial sources, thus revealing and publicly confirming what had alrea dy been 

known among Moscow Jews—for the first time in Moscow under the Soviets, the 

regime had bann ed the commercial baking of matzohs for the Passover. This 

move represente d an extension to Moscow of restrictions which have been previously in effect in a number of other cities.

Page 37: “I n 1940, the Soviet regime was restored in the Baltic Republics 

(Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia), which volu ntarily joined the Soviet Union.”

Fact: The first Soviet moves against the Baltic countries took place shortly 

after the outbreak of World War II. Mutual assistance pacts were forced upon 

the Baltic States on September 28 and October 5 and 10, 1939, under the p retext 

th at the Baltic area would be denied as a base of operations for the British. All 

three pacts containe d specific pledges th at the contracting parties should not interfere in each oth er’s in tern al affairs and would respect each oth er’s sovereignty.

On June 14 and 16, 1940, all three Baltic States were ordered by the U.S.S.R. 

to change the ir governments. The countries were immediately occupied by 

Soviet troops and Communist-dominated “elections” were set up. Every electoral d istrict in Lithuania, for example, was provided with a Russian “instructor.” 

Voting was declared compulsory. No opposition cand idate s were allowed. In 

each of the Baltic State s th e newly “electe d” National Assemblies met on Jul y 21, 

each National Assembly declared its country to be a Soviet Socialist Republic 

and decided to requ est the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. for admission to the 

Soviet Union.

As to the enthusiasm of the Baltic peoples for Soviet rule, in the postwar period 

120,000 in Latvia alone were deported and similar figures have been estim ated for 

Estonia and Lithuania.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 9

Page 42: “The unification of all the elements of the Ukrainian people within 

the framework of a national Soviet state was finally achieved in 1945 after the 

destruction of German fascism by th e Soviet Army, when Tra nscarpatia n Ukraine 

became part of the Ukrainian S.S.R. under a friendly agreement between the 

U.S.S.R. and the Czechoslovak Republic in accordance with the wishes of the 

peoples concerned.”

Fact: Whereas in seizing the Ukrainian lands of Poland after World War II 

the Soviet authorities brou ght back what was once a pa rt of th e Czarist Empire, 

the annexation of T ranscarpathia was a totally new acquisition. This region had 

belonged to the old Austro-H ungarian Empire before it entered into the composition of the new state of Czechoslovakia formed a fter the First World War. The 

Transcarpathian people voted to join the new Czechoslovak state as an alte rnative to becoming pa rt of Poland or the Soviet state. Armed resistance against 

the Soviet takeover of the western Ukraine continued u ntil 1950.

Page 47: “Parti cular mention should be made in this connection of the constitution al law adopted on February 11, 1957, by the Supreme Soviet of the 

U.S.S.R. (fourth convocation) at its sixth session. This law confirmed the decrees 

issued by the Presidum of the Supreme Soviet on Jan uary 9, 1957, reestablishing 

the national autonom y of the Balkar, Chechen, Ingush, Kalmir, and Karachai 

peoples, thereb y finally eliminating the consequences of certain violations of 

socialist legality resulting from the criminal malpractices of Beria and his accomplices.”

Fact: Of these deportations, Khru shchev in a speech at the 20th Pa rty Congress sta ted : “This deportation action was not dictate d by any military considerations * * *. No man of common sense can grasp how it is possible to make 

whole nations responsible for inimical activity, including women, children, old 

people * * * to use mass repression against them and to expose them to misery 

and suffering for the hostile acts of individual persons or groups of persons.”

Unfortunate ly, the “criminal malpractices of Beria” have not been “finally 

eliminate d.” The Crimean Tatars (259,000) and the Volga Germans (405,000) 

who were upro oted from their homes and exiled at the same time, have not had 

the ir homes restored to them bu t remain exiled in the Siberian wastes.

Page 56: “There have been no sufficiently compact Jewish minorities in the 

Ukraine and Byelorussia since the war to justify the reorganization of Jewish 

Soviets and Jewish n atio nal districts; only the Autonomous Jewish Region of the 

RSF SR has reta ined its full significance as an inde pendent national State formation.

“At the same time, acco unt has to be taken of a natur al process which has 

grea tly developed during the past 20 years—the volunt ary assimilation of the 

Jewish popu lation.”

Fact: In the U.S.S.R. census of 1959, 2,268,000 registered as Jews. These 

comprise more tha n 1 perc ent of the population. The Jews ran k 11th in size 

among the 108 nationalitie s listed in the census as comprising the population of 

the U.S.S.R.

Moreover, relatively few of this num ber are in Birobidjan (the “Autonomous 

Jewish Region of th e RSFSR”) ; the total population of B irobidjan is given in the 

census as 165,000, withou t classification to show how many of these may be 

non-Jews.

Also, isn’t the idea of “assimila tion” in conflict with the requ irem ent each Jew 

must be so designated in the inte rnal passport?

Page 56: “The vast majority of the Jews of the new generation have freely 

adopted the language and culture of other peoples of the U.S.S.R. and are taking 

an active pa rt in the political life and the cultura l and economic development of 

the republics in which they are establish ed.”

Fac t: Since World War II there have been no schools in Yiddish. In 1933 there 

were more than 800 such schools, with more th an 120,000 students. Today there 

are schools in more tha n 100 different national languages, bu t none in Yiddish.

Similarly, the Yiddish-speaking the ate r has been suppressed since World War 

II. In 1933 there were 18 such theaters, operating on a perman ent basis.

The record on publications shows tha t the demand for Yiddish has b y no means 

disappeared. Before World War II newspapers and books were published regularly in Yiddish; in 1933, for example, Yiddish publishing houses brought out 668 

title s with an aggregate circulation of more than 2% million. All publication in 

Yiddish was suppressed after World War II with the exception of a small local 

periodical in Birobidjan. From 1959 on publication of a few Jewish classics has 

been permitted in Yiddish, in editions of 30,000. In each case the entire edition 

has been immediately sold out.
10 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

In August 1961, the U.S.S.R. Writers Union sta rted a bimonthly cultural 

publication in Yiddish, called “Sovietische Heimland.” However, this does not 

meet the basic spiritual needs of t he Jewish people since it does not provide for 

any discussion of sp iritu al or religious matters.

Senator Church. Senator Carlson, do you have any questions, sir?

PU B L IC A T IO N R E V IE W IN UNESC O

Senator Carlson. Mr. Secretary, how many members would participate in establishing these policy directives for this publication?

Mr. Battle. Sir, the existing arrangement for publication review 

is a most unsatisfactory one.

UNESCO has a publications committee, but it has not included 

all the heads of the various departments of the Secretariat which 

really are concerned with publications. We consider that tha t is one 

gap.

So far as the actual consideration of these matters, we consider 

tha t it ought to be a wider committee than this, and should include 

the heads of the various departments of UNESCO in which publication work is undertaken.

As far as the consideration of the question of the new policy, the 

committee which is now considering it has been somewhat broadened. 

This now has representation of a fairly broad character which it did 

not have before and is, we hope, going to consider affirmatively the 

recommendations tha t we have made.

I can give you, sir, the actual membership of the existing Executive 

Board Publications Committee if you would like it.

Senator Carlson. I think it would be important to have it. I 

would like to know who establishes this policy.

Mr. Battle. I have both the former and the existing one, sir, 

which I will submit for the record, if that is agreeable.

(The material referred to appears on p. 13)

RU SSIA N M E M B E R SH IP IN P U B L IC A T IO N R E V IE W GRO UP

Senator Carlson. Is Russia a member of this group?

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir.

Senator Carlson. Do they have veto power in this, as they do in 

the United Nations?

Mr. Battle. Sir, it is difficult, as far as the present situation, to 

say exactly how this is handled. I think it is handled very badly. 

Whether there is a veto authority on the part of anyone within the 

UNESCO Secretariat itself, I doubt.

Consideration, though, I believe, has not been from our point of 

view adequate, and the internal arrangements tha t have marked the 

consideration of these publications have obviously produced numbers 

of publications that we do not consider suitable for this Organization.

Senator Carlson. Now, as I remember your statement, Russia 

became a member in 1954.

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir.

Senator Carlson. Has this m atte r ever been discussed at any time 

while Russian representatives were present?
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 11

Mr. Battle. It has been discussed certainly in the course of 

recent months. I have been in office only since last June, Senator. 

In the course of the November and December meetings it was the 

subject of—as I said in my speech—it was discussed in great detail 

in the full Program Committee. And then secondarily, it was discussed in the Executive Board’s Publications Committee. In each 

of those instances, a Russian delegate would presumably have been 

present. The views tha t we have stated would have been known 

to them. Certainly the record would have carried it.

Senator Carlson. In your statem ent, I gather tha t the Executive 

Board is going to meet in April.

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir.

Senator Carlson. I assumed that they would require some time 

to at least make a study and make a report. Would it then go to the 

full Committee?

Mr. Battle. It would presumably, sir. I would imagine that 

this would be considered by the Director-General, and then presented 

probably to the next General Conference. But I would hope tha t 

action on this could be taken even in the interim period, pending a 

full adoption of it.

Senator Carlson. When is the meeting of the next General Council?

Mr. Battle. It meets, sir, every 2 years. The 12th General 

Conference was in December.

Senator Carlson. That means that it would not meet, then, 

until December 1964.

Mr. Battle. The entire conference would not, sir, meet until 

December 1964.

U.S . CO NT RI BU TION S TO UN ESCO

Senator Carlson. Well, what really concerns me, Mr. Battle, is 

the fact t hat we are going to be asked—as we have been in the past— 

to contribute funds to this organization. Based on the schedule as 

I's ee it, we might find ourselves 2 years from now without any 

change in the situation.

I know you will agree with me tha t there has been considerable 

criticism of this particular volume. I am concerned about it. That 

is the reason I wanted to discuss the matter.

What is our contribution to this organization?

Mr. Battle. Sir, in 1961-62 we gave a contribution at present of 

31.46 percent of the total budget. This has been the contribution 

in the past. Since the admission of the new members, our new 

figure is 30.56 percent, under the new arrangement. So it has been 

and continues to be over 30 percent.

Senator Church. What is the present figure?

Mr. Battle. The present figure, sir, is 30.56.

Senator Carlson. How many members do we have?

Mr. Battle. There have been several new ones adm itted recently. 

There are 113, with the new members.

Senator Carlson. If there is no objection, Mr. Chairman, I think 

it would be well to make the membership a m atter of record.

Senator Church. Yes.

Mr. Battle. I have tha t here, sir.

(The material referred to follows:)
12 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

List of the 113 Member States of UNESCO on November 16, 1962

May 4, 1948 

Oct. 16, 1958 

Oct. 15, 1962 

Sept. 15, 1948 

June 11, 1946 

Aug. 13, 1948 

Nov. 29, 1946 

Nov. 13, 1946 

Oct. 14, 1946 

May 17, 1956 

June 27, 1949

Afghanistan__________

Albania ______________

Algeria_______________

Argen tina ____________

Australia_____________

Au stria______________

Belgium______________

Bolivia_______________

Brazil________________

Bulgaria_____________

Burma _______________

Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Rep ublic_____

Cam bodia____________

Cameroun____________

Ca nada______________

Central African Republic_____________

Ceylon_______________

Ch ad________________

Chile________________

China________________

Colombia____________

Congo (capital Brazzaville) ______________

Congo (capital LeopoldMay 12, 1954 

July 3, 1951 

Nov. 12, 1960 

Sept. 6, 1946

Nov. 12, 1960 

Nov. 14, 1949 

Dec. 23, 1960 

July 7, 1953 

Sept. 13, 1946 

Oct. 31, 1947

Oct. 24, 1960

ville)_______ ____ Nov. 26, 1960

Costa Rica__ _ __ May 19, 1950

Cuba __ ___________ Aug. 29, 1947

Cyprus__ ____________ Feb. 9, 1961

Czechoslovakia________ Oct. 5, 1946

Dahom ey____ _______ Oct. 19, 1960

Denm ark . _ __ ____ Sept. 20, 1946

Dominican Republic___ July 2, 1946

Ecuador ___________ Jan. 22, 1947

El Salvador ____ _ _ Apr. 28, 1948

Ethiopia ___ __ July 1, 1955

Finland ____ ___ _ Oct. 10, 1956

France ___________ June 29, 1946

Gabon ______ ____ __ Nov. 17, 1960

Federal Republic of

Germ any______ ____ July 11, 1951

G h a n a __ _________ Apr. 11, 1958

Greece _______ ____ Nov. 4, 1946

Guatema la ________ _ Jan. 2, 1950

Guinea __ __ ________ Feb. 4, 1960

Haiti________________ Nov. 18, 1946

Honduras __________ Dec. 16, 1947

Hu ngary ____ _ ______ Sept. 14, 1948

India _________ _ _ _ June 12, 1946

Ind one sia. _ ________ May 27, 1950

Ira q ________________ Oct. 21, 1948

Ir an ____________ ____ Sept. 6, 1948

Irela nd . . . Oct. 3, 1961

Isra el____ ___ . . Sept. 16, 1949

Ita ly__________ _____ Jan. 27, 1948

Ivory Coast. Oct. 28, 1960

Jam aica____ _ _ _ _ Nov. 7, 1962

Japa n__ ____ _ . July 2, 1951

Jordan. _ _ _ __ June 14, 1950

Korea_______ June 14, 1950

Ku wa it______________ Nov. 19, 1960

Laos_________________July 9, 1951

Leb anon_____________ Oct. 28, 1946

Liberia______________ Mar. 6, 1947

Libya________________June 27, 1953

Luxembourg__________ Oct. 27, 1947

Madagasca r__________ Nov. 12, 1960

Federation of Malaya__ June 16, 1958

Mali_________________ Nov. 8, 1960

Ma uritania___________ Jan . 11, 1962

Mexico______________ June 12, 1946

Monaco______________ July 6, 1949

Mongolia_____________ Nov. 1, 1962

Morocco_____________ Nov. 7, 1956

Nepal________________ May 1, 1953

Netherlands___________ Jan . 1, 1947

New Zealand _______ __ Mar. 6, 1946

Nicarag ua____________ Feb. 22, 1952

Niger________________ Nov. 10, 1960

Nigeria______________ Nov. 14, 1960

Norway ______________ Aug. 8, 1946

Pa kis tan _____________ Sept. 14, 1949

Panama _______________ Jan. 10, 1950

Parag uay ____________ June 20, 1955

Pe ru_________________ Nov. 21, 1946

Philippines___________ Nov. 21, 1946

Pol and _______________ Nov. 6, 1946

Rumania_____________ July 27, 1956

Rw and a_____________ Nov. 7, 1962

Saudi Arabia_________ Apr. 30, 1946

Senegal______________ Nov. 12, 1960

Sierra Leone__________ Mar. 28, 1962

Somalia______________ Nov. 15, 1960

Spain_________________ Jan . 30, 1953

Sudan _______________ Nov. 26, 1956

Sw ed en ,,_____________ Jan. 23, 1950

Switzerla nd____________ Jan . 28, 1949

Syria 1_______________ Nov. 16, 1946

Tanganyik a__________ Mar. 7, 1962

Thailand ______________ Jan . 1, 1949

Tog o________________ Nov. 18, 1960

Trinidad and Tobago__ Nov. 2, 1962

Tunisia______________ Nov. 7, 1956

Tu rkey______________ July 6, 1946

Ukrainia n Soviet Socialist Republic_____ May 12, 1954

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics_____Apr. 21, 1954

United Arab Republic. _ July 16,1946

United Kingdom_______ Feb. 20, 1946

United States of America ________________ Sept. 30, 1946

Uru guay_____________ Nov. 8, 1947

Venezuela____________ Nov. 25, 1946

Vietnam _____________ July 6, 1951

Upper Volta__________ Nov. 14, 1960

Yemen_______________ Apr. 2, 1962

Yugoslavia___________ Mar. 31, 1950

Uganda______________ Nov. 9, 1962

Burundi______________ Nov. 16, 1962

ASSOCIATE members

Mauritius________________________________________________ Nov. 15, 1960

Singapore________________________________________________ Dec. 31, 1959

1

 The Syrian Arab Repub lic reoccupied its se at in the Organization Oct. 25,1961.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 13

E X E C U T IV E BO ARD PU B L IC A T IO N S C O M M IT TEE OF U N ESCO

Senator Carlson. I wonder if you could tell us, in response to 

Senator Church’s question, just what countries presently make up 

the Executive Board of UNESCO.

Mr. Battle. I have the names here. I can give it to you, sir.

Senator Carlson. How many are there?

Mr. Battle. In the former committee, there were 7; under the new 

committee, there are 10.

Senator Carlson. Is this called the Executive Board?

Mr. Battle. This is called the Executive Board Publications 

Committee.

Senator Carlson. Executive Board Publications Committee.

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir.

Senator Carlson. May I see that, please?

(The material referred to follows:)

1. Former Executive Board Publications Committee (established at 60th 

session):

Dr. C. E. Beeby (New Zealand)

Mr. Julie n Cain (France)

Professor Hilding Eek (Sweden)

Mr. Mohammed El Fasi (Morocco)

Dr. Mariano Picdn Salas (Venezuela)

Professor Otto von Simson (Federal Republic of Germany)

Professor Nor air M. Sissakian (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

2. Present Executive Board Publicatio ns Committee (established at 64th 

session):

Mr. Julien Cain (France)

Dr. Hilding Eek (Sweden)

Mr. Mohammed El Fasi (Morocco)

Mr. William A. Eteki-Mboum oua (Cameroun)

Mrs. Ind ira Gandhi (India)

Mr. Mariano Picdn Salas (Venezuela)

Dr. George N. Shuster (United States of America)

Professor Otto von Simson (Federal Republic of Germany)

Professor Norair M. Sissakian (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

Dame Marv Smieton (United Kingdom)

BU D G ET O F UNESC O

Senator Carlson. Mr. Secretary, you have given us our percentage 

of contribution. What does it amount to in dollars, roughly?

Mr. Battle. It is about—well, the new budget for UNESCO, sir, 

which we have succeeded in holding down over what had been proposed, fortunately—the present contribution would be $9,380,489. 

Tha t is the budget for the 1961-62 contribution. Tha t would have 

been based on a budget of $32 million.

Senator Carlson. The total budget is $32 million?

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir; tha t was the past one. The current one, sir, 

the one adopted in December, is for $39 million, and we would pay, 

on the basis of the new assessed figure, which is 30.56, which we would 

pay roughly one-third of that—for 2 years.

Senator Carlson. Approximately how much of this money is 

spent for publications?

Mr. Battle. I can give you the amount exactly, sir.

Senator Carlson. I would like to have that.

Mr. Battle. As of the 1963-64 budget, they have a total figure 

for program publications of $2,294,815. Of other publications, 

95569—63----- 3
14 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

$1,231,412. That is a total of $3,526,227. This represents a percentage of 9 percent of the total budget for the organization.

Senator Carlson. Do you feel that it is essential that we spend 

over $9 million—tha t is more th an a third of the budget—for publication work?

Mr. Battle. No, sir; I do not.

Senator Carlson. It seems to me-----

Mr. Battle. There are a great many things, Senator, about 

UNESCO which I do not necessarily subscribe to. I feel tha t the 

publications should be reduced. I have been through, in the course 

of the November-December meeting—I have made a major effort to 

hold down the budget, outlining a number of areas, including the 

publications area, where I thought savings were possible.

E F F E C T O F A R ED U C TIO N IN U .S . C O N T R IB U T IO N TO U N ESCO

Senator Carlson. Mr. Secretary, what do you think would happen 

if we reduced our contribution and did not comply with the budget 

request of UNESCO?

Mr. Battle. Sir, I think tha t would present a number of very 

difficult considerations. It would have to be judged not just in 

terms of UNESCO, but in terms of the entire question of our participation in international organizations.

I have attempted, over recent months, to give what I think is 

needed to UNESCO—a very hard, firm, vigorous participation by 

us. This we have not always had. We have tended, I think, to 

participate in these every 2-year conferences, to make our contribution, and not follow up adequately on what has happened within the 

program thereafter.

We have, over the past months, taken perhaps a much harder, 

much firmer view on both financing and programing than has been 

taken in quite a long time.

I think tha t our whole participation in this must be constantly 

forceful, it must be vigorous, it must be critical. I think we owe it 

to the Organization and to ourselves if we are going to back up the 

investment that we have made in the Organization.

Senator Carlson. I think you have made five very good suggestions in your preliminary statement this morning and I would be 

very happy if we could have some assurance that we could get results 

on them.

SO V IE T C O N T R IB U T IO N TO U N ESC O

How much does the Soviet Union contribute?

Mr. Battle. The Soviet Union, of the 1961-62 contributions, pays

13.18 percent, or a total of $4,035,622.

Senator Carlson. I think tha t is all, Mr. Chairman.

Senator Church. This is a little over 13 percent?

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir, 13.18 percent, or in dollars $4,035,622.

M ETHOD OF D E T E R M IN IN G SH A R E OF CO ST S PA ID BY M EM B ER S

Senator Church. With respect to the regular budget of the United 

Nations, there is a formula by which the assessments are made, 

based upon the comparative wealth of each member country. The
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 15

formula also takes into consideration population and per capita 

wealth. That formula varies considerably from the contributions 

made to UNESCO.

What kind of arrangement determines the amount tha t is to be 

contributed by each member of UNESCO?

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman, the formula, I am told, is the same— 

but there is a variation depending on the size of membership which 

has been changing over the years.

Senator Church. I see. How many members are there now in 

UNESCO?

Mr. Battle. In UNESCO, 113.

Senator Church. Does the same provision apply with respect to 

UNESCO as applies with respect to the regular U.N. budget'—tha t 

is, the provision tha t no one member country ought to contribute 

more than 30 percent, so tha t as new members are added, the amount 

contributed by the United States comes down closer and closer to 

tha t figure?

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman, I am not an expert in this financing 

area. This is not really under me in general. It is under the Int ernational Organizations side of our Department.

I have Mr. Eddy with me this morning who perhaps would be better 

able than I to answer this kind of question, if you would like to have 

him say anything, sir.

Senator Church. Yes. Mr. Eddy, would you like to join the 

Secretary here? Whenever you can supply an answer, please do.

Mr. Battle. Mr. Eddy has been concerned with the financial 

arrangements and the International Organizations side of the department does all the financial side, because this is a total package throughout the U.N. agencies. I have only the policy and only UNESCO. 

So if Mr. Eddy would like to answer that, sir.

Mr. E ddy. Mr. Chairman, the same principle does apply. As new 

members join, the percentage of the United States goes down, as it 

did from 1961-62, when it stood at more than 31 percent. It is now 

closer to 30.5 percent.

Senator Church. I take it t ha t if the forrmda were applied without 

this 30 percent restriction, the contribution of the United States would 

be larger.

Mr. E ddy. No, sir. The 30 percent is an objective. We are 

approaching tha t objective.

Senator Church. Yes. If tha t objective did not apply, and the 

amount of the contributions were based solely upon the comparative 

wealth of the member countries, then would we contribute as much as 

30 percent, or more than 30 percent?

Mr. E ddy. We are contributing the same in UNESCO as in the 

United Nations. I am unable to answer your question as to what 

would apply. We are shooting toward the 30 percent objective.

A R R EA R A G E S OF C E R T A IN U N ESCO M E M B ER S

Senator Carlson. Mr. Chairman, before you leave tha t subject, 

may I ask a question. There are 113 members of UNESCO. Are 

they all paying up their assessments or are there some in arrears?

Mr. Eddy. Mr. Chairman, if I may answer that-----

Senator Church. Yes.
16 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

Mr. E ddy. Th ere are sev eral cou ntries in arrear s, un fortu na tely, 

as of the 31st of Decem ber there were three cou ntries more th an 2 

yea rs in arr ears—Bolivia, Gu ate ma la, and Pa ragu ay —a nd othe r 

cou ntries in arr ears in various am ounts . It would take qu ite a bit 

of figuring to rea d the m all. I have them here.

Se na tor Church. My un de rst an din g is th at thi s is purely a volun ­

ta ry c on tribu tio n arr an ge me nt; is th at rig ht?

Mr. E ddy. No, sir. We are tal king ab ou t assessments.

Se na tor Church. We are tal kin g ab ou t UN ESCO and the ch aracter of the contribu tions. Th ey are vo luntary contr ibu tio ns, as 

distinguished from the kin d of asse ssm ents th at apply for the Un ite d 

Na tio ns itself.

Mr. E ddy. No, sir, these are assessments.

Se na tor Chur ch. These are assessments?

Mr. E ddy. Yes, sir.

P R O V IS IO N IN U N ESCO C O N ST IT U T IO N R E L A T IN G TO PO SSIB L E LO SS OF 

V O T IN G R IG H T S

Se na tor Church. I s article 19 of the U.N. Cha rter applica ble to 

these?

Mr. E ddy. Th ere is a sim ilar provision in the UN ES CO co ns titution.

Se na tor Church. I see.

Th ere are three cou ntri es, then, th at are in jeo pardy of losing the ir 

voting rights .

Mr. E ddy. T hat is rig ht.

Se na tor Church. Ha s an y co un try lost its voting rig hts to date?

Mr. E ddy. No, sir.

Se na tor Church. I s thi s the firs t tim e th at cou ntries have fallen 

2 y ears in arrears?

Mr. E ddy. No, sir. Th e sit ua tio n existed at the p receding general 

conference. Th ere were also countrie s in arrears. Th e provision was 

no t invoke d. Rat he r I sho uld say the cou ntries in arr ears convinced 

the gen eral conference th at the reason s for their inab ility to pa y were 

bey ond their con trol and they were pe rm itted to vote.

Senator Church. So we ha ve a pre cedent develop ing in UN ESCO 

th at is co ntrary to the very thing we h oped for in the U N itse lf—th at 

is, to im ple me nt article 19 as a lev er for keeping the Un ite d Na tio ns 

solven t. We have every expecta tion th at in tim e article 19 will in 

fact be invoked. In fact, we hop e it will be inv oke d autom ati cally . 

We have pu t all of our reliance th at the Un ite d Na tio ns can be ke pt 

solven t, and members can be ma de to pa y their assessm ents, on thi s 

one provision in the U N Ch arter .

Now we alr eady hav e a precedent working again st us in UN ESCO .

Is th at correct?

Mr. E ddy. This is t rue with reg ard to the preced ent . Th e su bjec t 

was discussed at the last ge neral conference a nd th e feeling of th e me mber cou ntries was th at these three states intended to pa y and were 

unable to pay and to th at exte nt, yes, sir, a preced ent was e stablishe d.

Senator Chur ch. Do you have the lang uag e of the provision in 

the UN ESCO ch arter th at is com par abl e to article 19 of the Un ited 

Na tions Ch art er?

Mr. E ddy. Th e langua ge is ide ntical with the Cha rte r of the 

Un ited Na tions. I could furnish it for the record.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 17

Senator Church. The language is identical.

Mr. Eddy. The language of the UNESCO charter is exactly the 

same as t hat of the charter of the United Nations.

u.s. position on penalty for arrearages

Senator Church. Did the United States make any effort to protest 

or avoid this decision in UNESCO? Was it at the last general conference tha t this came up and was passed upon?

Mr. Eddy. When the question came up in the Administrative 

Commission, where I sat as a member of the delegation, the United 

States abstained. When the question went to the plenary, the United 

States spoke explaining why we had abstained. We said we felt 

this was a serious point of principle. We believed tha t the countries 

should pay their debts, their assessments, to the United Nations and 

the specialized agencies. In this instance, the countries concerned 

had given convincing evidence of their inability to pay. We would 

therefore not vote against giving them voting rights. We explained 

our abstention and put it in the record.

UN ESCO AR RE AR AG ES

Senator Carlson. Mr. Chairman, let me get a question in here. 

I am interested in this. There are three nations now tha t are in 

arrears two years or more.

Mr. Eddy. Correct.

Senator Carlson. I assume there are others tha t are in arrears 

partially or fully for one year.

Taking the budget as a whole, what percentage of the budget has 

been paid in by the countries t ha t are members of UNESCO?

Mr. Eddy. I do not have tha t figure. I could supply it.

Senator Carlson. I would like to have it supplied. Based on the 

fact tha t there are three which have not paid for 2 years. I assume 

there are others tha t have not paid their full share.

Mr. Eddy. I will furnish tha t for you, sir.

Senator Carlson. I wish you would, than k you.

(The information referred to follows:)

UNESCO A r r ea r a g es

As of December 31, 1962, member states had paid 94 perce nt of the con trib utions due for 1961-62. Con tribu tions for prior years were also outstanding in 

the amoun t of $50,522.

As of December 31, 1962, the arrearages-were as follows: For 1961-62, $1.9 

million; for earlier years, $32,000. These arrearages a mounted to approximately 

5.8 pe rcen t of the budget ($32.5 million) for 1961-62.

U.S . PO SITI ON ON PE NA LT Y FO R AR RE AR AG ES

Senator Carlson. Are the three counties tha t are presently in 

arrears the same three countries tha t were in arrears at the time that 

this decision was made not to invoke the penalty?

Mr. Eddy. Yes. The figures that I have before me are as of 

December 31, 1962—the same three countries were in arrears— 

Bolivia, Guatemala and Paraguay. The decision was taken earlier 

in the month of December.
IS ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

Senator Church. It seems to me tha t you cannot go into the 

General Assembly of the United Nations and take one position with 

respect to a penalty provision of this kind and be very adamant about 

it, and in another related activity of the United Nations pussyfoot 

about it —which is precisely what we did here.

To go in and make a protest on principle and abstain, and make no 

further fight, and thus permit a precedent to be created tha t can 

weaken our position in the matter of assessments to the United 

Nations, seems to me to be a very strange, inconsistent, rath er weak 

and vacillating policy.

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman, this is a very difficult problem. 

Obviously, in considering it there were political considerations tha t 

had to be part of it.

I would like, if I might, to read you a couple of sentences from the 

statement t ha t was made by our delegate at the time.

We consider the ma tter of sufficient impo rtance to pu t one statem ent on the 

record. My delegation abstains on this vote according Bolivia, Guatemala, and 

Para guay the right to vote, in order to underscore the seriousness with which my 

delegation and my Government at tac h to the paym ent by member states of con tributions duly assessed by the United Nations or any of the specialized agencies. 

Since the United States does not doubt the good fait h of those three countries 

when they sta te th at i t is th eir wish a nd their inte ntio n to meet their obligations 

to UNESCO, we have decided not to vote against the resolution. At the same 

time we decided th at we could not vote in favor of the resolution, lest such action 

be inte rpre ted as indic ating th at the United States takes lightly the financial 

obligations of membership in a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Now, the statem ent was made obviously after consideration of 

what we knew to be the outcome of this particular matter.

We could have perhaps voted against it, but in the light of letters 

tha t have been filed with the Director General, giving the reasons 

and stating tha t intention to pay up, and our knowledge tha t from 

assessing the various delegations that we could not possibly win on it, 

we felt tha t this statement was the wisest statement to make within 

the Department’s instructions for the general conference.

Senator Church. Well, tha t is a matter of judgment. However, 

it seems to me tha t when this is such a key issue tha t we focus such 

attention upon it in the United Nations itself—

Senator Carlson. Mr. Chairman, I think the regrettable part is 

tha t we have established in the United Nations a precedent—on 

which I am sure the Chairman and I agree th at we are going to insist— 

tha t they do pay up, or they do not vote. This will be a little embarrassing to us, I think, w’hen we come into tha t situation.

Senator Church. I think so, too.

CAN UN ES CO CO NT RI BU TION S BE PAID IN LOC AL CURREN CIE S?

Are these assessments for UNESCO, Mr. Secretary, required to be 

paid in convertible currencies?

Mr. Battle. I shall have to turn to Mr. Eddy.

Mr. Eddy. Each country may request the permission of the Director-General to pay in its own currencies. UNESCO has need of other 

currencies in certain countries from time to time. The general rule is 

tha t they should be paid in convertible currencies. There is provision 

for exceptions.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 19

NUMBER OF COPIES OF UNESCO PUBLICATIONS PRINTED

Senator Church. You mentioned a few moments ago, Mr. Secretary, tha t 3,000 of these pamphlets were distributed to libraries 

in the United States.

Mr. Battle. May I correct that, sir. It was published in 3,000 

copies. It went only to a comparatively small number of depository 

libraries, numbering approximately 15 libraries in the United States, 

which are officially UNESCO depository libraries.

Senator Church. I just wonder what is accomplished by publishing anything in 3,000 copies, 15 of which are distributed to libraries 

in the United States, and a large portion of which apparently are 

retained at the United Nations itself. One wonders what utilization 

is being made of these publications tha t justifies the expense. What 

is really being accomplished here? Assuming that you had worthy, 

objective publications tha t were the product of people who were engaged by the United Nations itself to write—and not by people who 

were associated with individual member states—how would these 

justify the cost?

Mr. Battle. Mr. (Chairman, I seriously doubt tha t they would. 

I think tha t there are many parts of the UNESCO program, including part of its publications program, with which we are heartily in 

disagreement. We are doing everything we can now to make them 

eliminate many of the programs and activities tha t they have participated in in the past. Various conferences, publications, a myriad of 

things they have participated in in recent years we consider unnecessary and really unworthy of the organization. This is one of 

them.

I would hope, sir, tha t the posture tha t we have taken over the 

past few months will have its effect on the organization. I think 

tha t we owe it to the United States and, indeed, to the organization 

to be very firm with it in terms of this kind of activity tha t is really, 

in our opinion, quite useless and very harmful.

OTHER ACTIVITIES OF UNESCO

Senator Church. What else is UNESCO doing these days, besides 

publishing these books and pamphlets?

Mr. Battle. It has, sir, a fairly wide program and it is concerned— 

we have been trying to get it to concentrate on what we consider to 

be key issues in this period. We consider those key issues to be 

education, particularly in the underdeveloped areas. I think there is 

now a measure of agreement that education in the underdeveloped 

areas is the area in which they should be concentrating.

They have, however, many projects in many fields throughout the 

world.

They have some projects tha t we consider very useful. For 

example, oceanography—a very useful study tha t is being made in the 

Indian Ocean waters in the field of oceanography. This is an example, 

I think, of quite useful matters, which is helpful to mankind, and 

which probably can best be done by an organization of this sort.

They are concerned with many other activities that we do not 

consider useful. For example, there are the youth meetings tha t they 

have sponsored at various times, other projects that we take exception 

to.
20 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

But we consider the mo st vital and helpful are a for the m at this 

stage is in a dvisin g an d a ssis ting the un der dev eloped areas, p art icularly 

in the field of edu cation.

We have opposed a gen eral ten dency of the org aniza tion to 

prolifer ate all of its activities . We think the pro gra m has to be 

concentra ted , and should be directed. We consider thi s the mo st 

useful are a for its activ ity .

UNESCO’s CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION

Se na tor Church. Can you be a lit tle more specific, M r. Secre tary, 

an d tell us how you think it wou ld be mo st fru itful for UN ES CO to 

proceed in thi s pa rti cu lar field. Ju st wh at kind of contr ibuti on can 

UN ES CO ma ke in pro mo ting edu cat ion in the und erdeve loped 

cou ntries?

M r. Battle. I t has ha d some conferences, Mr. Ch airma n, of a 

regi onal ch ara cte r. It ha d one a few mo nth s ago which de alt with 

hig her ed ucation in A frica, a tte mpt ing to stud y some of the restriction s 

and lim ita tio ns on the exis ting college str uc ture in Africa, relati ng 

to wha t help internationa l o rga niz ations and, for th at m atter, bilatera l 

pro gra ms could give it.

Th is we conside red a well-planned an d useful conference.

Th ere are man y oth ers th at have no t been . M an y oth ers, in our 

opinion, have been was teful.

Se na tor C hurch. Di d this conferen ce dra w tog eth er African 

edu cators?

M r. B attle. Yes, sir, African educato rs and oth er pa rticip an ts.

All the mate ria l publis hed by UN ES CO is no t bad. There are 

some ve ry useful publications in the field of edu cation, for example. 

Th ey have an “ Inter natio na l Guide to Ed ucati on al Do cu men tatio n” 

which they pub lish , a “W orld Surve y of Ed uc ation,” a “S tudy of the 

Gener al Categorie s App lica ble in Scientific Classification and Cod ification,” a j ourna l, “I mpa ct of Science on Society,” a “S urv ey of the 

Main Tr en ds of Scientific Re searc h,” and so on. M an y of thes e, sir, 

are useful and help ful pub lications.

B ut I think the publications pro gram, as I said , need s dire ctio n 

and it needs very clear guidanc e.

Se na tor Church. Besides these publications and these conferences 

is there an y othe r kin d of ac tiv ity in which UN ESCO now engages?

Mr. B att le. I have here , sir, the ch ap ter hea ds of their pro gram 

and b ud ge t for th is coming bienn ium , which I think would give perhap s 

definite exam ples.

In th e field of edu cation , they have various proje cts directed at 

internationa l coo peratio n for the stu dy of advancem ent of edu cation, 

including some a ctivities in connection w ith other inter na tio na l org anizations. Th ey have an educational clearing-hou se and advisor y 

service to variou s cou ntries and ins tituti ons. Th ey have studies 

underway on equality of educational op po rtu nity. Th ey have a 

proje ct in edu cat ion for in tern ationa l understandin g, various things 

of th at sort. Th ey also have studie s underway in tech nical and 

vocation al edu cation , and hig her edu cation, and ad ult educa tion and 

yo uth activities . Again they have specific are a program s, pa rticular ly 

in the under dev eloped or less develop ed areas—Africa, La thi America, 

et c etera.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 21

CO ST OF U N ESCO PR OGRAM S

Senator Church. Can you give the comm itte e some idea of how 

the cost of this UN ESCO pro gra m has incr eased from the tim e th at 

it was first established until the presen t time?

Mr. Batt le. I can give it to you, sir, from memory rec ently, bu t 

I have to go bac k on the earlier y ears.

Th e bu dget for the period th at we have ju st com pleted was $32.5 

million for the bien nium . Th ere were v arious proposals for increa sing 

it, and we succeede d in ge tting throug h the executive boa rd by a 

margin of one vote, and only one vote— and it was very close—a $38 

million lim ita tio n on the budget, which the executive bo ard recommended. How ever, after the executive board action, there was 

considerable pres sure by the Dire ctor General for a bu dg et of ju st 

un de r $41 million—$40,884,000. We res isted thi s bu dg et vigo rously 

and constan tly, an d I ma de sev era l speeches on the subje ct at the 

general conference in Dec ember.

We pointed ou t areas in which we felt savings could be achieve d.

We ended up by compromising on the $38 million, pri ma rily b ecause 

there had been a m an da tory c ost of livin g increase after the executive 

bo ard had made its rec om me ndation, and the bu dg et went up to $39 

million, bu t we did succeed in kee ping a fu rthe r increase from bein g 

ado pted.

Th roug ho ut this rec ent conference, whi ch is the only one I have 

attend ed, we were very cri tical in ter ms of pro life ration . We made 

an at te m pt to ide nti fy in various com mittees, areas of poten tia l savings 

in the b udget.

Now, as far as the pa st tre nd of the bu dg et—the material we hav e 

here, sir, ranges from 1947—th en it was on an annu al basis—from 

appro xim ately— this is 1947—$6,213 million for 1 year, ran gin g up to, 

for 1962, $16 million, or $32 million for the 2 years I me ntioned a 

mo me nt ago. So t he ra nge h as be en since 1947 from ab ou t $6 million 

up to $16 m illion per ann um.

U .S . E FFO R T S TO CURB U N ESC O B U D G ET

Senator Chur ch. I am certa inly in agree me nt th at mu ch of this 

ac tiv ity is of question able valu e. I am ha pp y to hear th at the St ate 

Dep artm en t is ma kin g an effo rt to force some retre nc hm en t. However, this ap pa rently was no t ve ry successfu l, because you hav e 

a bu dg et of $39 million now. So yo u did no t qu ite ma nage to hold 

the line; is th at rig ht?

Mr. Batt le. Sir, it may sou nd unsucce ssful, but if you ha d been 

there, with the pressures up on us for a furthe r increase—I was criticiz ed 

throug ho ut the org ani zation for b eing mu ch too n egative on this.

Senator Chur ch. We are tal king ab ou t pres sures in the Congres s, 

because we have to dep end upo n the process of free election, whi ch 

the members of t he S tate Dep ar tm en t do not. We have a gr ea t deal 

of pressure coming from the hom e fro nt. Th e pre ssures th at we get 

are in the direction of cu tti ng off Am eric an contr ibuti on s to the 

Un ite d Na tio ns in various degrees of br ut al ity, depen din g upon how 

ad am an t the feeling may be at a give n mo me nt. I kno w th at you 

ma de a good effort, be cause y ou are obviously v ery ab le an d art iculate, 

and you have made clear yo ur own feelings this mo rning. Never-
22 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

theless, we are faced with the fact tha t the budget keeps going up, 

and our part is always the largest part. Other countries have good 

excuses for not even paying their share. This is the trend tha t we 

see. In the overall now we have a budget of over $500 million for 

United Nations activities of all kinds. This is the thing tha t gives 

us concern up here in the Congress, where each year we have to justify 

the appropriations to the people.

C O N C ER N A BO U T U N E SC O ’S A C T IV IT IE S

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman, I would say—I can only speak for 

UNESCO, and only for part of the work in tha t—I think your concern is well founded. I have been very disturbed about this organization and I th ink it is one—as I said, I have been in office only a few 

months—this is one in which we must continue to assess our p articipation with great care. At present I think it is clear th at it is to our 

advantage to remain in the organization. There are, however, many 

areas in which I have various serious doubts and I think it is absolutely 

imperative tha t we continue to review this with great care. And I 

underline “grea t”.

That, sir, we have been doing.

I have been extremely critical of many aspects of both the administration of this organization and the selection of its programs. 

P E R C E N T A G E O F U N E SC O B U D G ET S P E N T ON E M P L O Y E E S ’ SA LA R IE S

Senator Church. What percentage of UNESCO’s budget goes to 

pay the salaries of employees?

Mr. Battle. It is approximately half, sir. I believe I may have 

a dollar figure here. It is approximately 50 percent. In fact, a large 

percentage of the UNESCO budget goes for the Paris headquarters 

and staffs of the organization.

Senator Church. Doesn’t that strike you as being a very high 

percentage of the budget? How does this compare with other UN 

voluntary agencies, such as the World Health Organization or the 

Special Fund?

Mr. Battle. I shall have to turn to my colleague on the others, 

sir. I cannot speak on that. Mr. Eddy, can you tell us how it 

compares with the others?

Mr. E ddy. No, sir; I am unable to give any useful comparative 

figures. An organization like the World Health Organization carries 

on many programs in the field, of a kind involving equipment and 

materials, of a kind tha t UNESCO might not have. The percentage 

in WHO, for instance, might be lower on personnel. 1 cannot say.

Senator Church. You do not have those figures? Could you get 

those figures for us and submit them for the record so we would have 

some standard of comparison?

Mr. Eddy. I shall.

(The material referred to follows:)
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 23

Personnel costs in U.N. and the specialized agencies

Personnel costs account for roughly 61 percent of the 1963 budgets of the 

United Nations and the specialized agencies. The breakdown by agency is as 

follows:

Percent Percent

United Nations_____________ 64

ILO_______________________ 68

FAO______________________ 72

UNESCO____________ 49

ICAO_____________________ 78

UPU______________________ 39

WHO______________________ 53

ITU_______________________ 81

WMO_____________________ 75

IMCO_____________________ 72

IAEA_____________________ 43

The computation of the above percentages takes into account as “personnel 

costs” all items listed under the heading “Personal services” in the U.N. tabulation of “Standard Objects of Expenditure” .

Senator Church. I understand tha t the activ ity of UNESCO 

differs to some degree, and the comparison will not necessarily be 

exact. Nevertheless, it would give us a little feel for the amounts 

of money that are being spent for salaries in the various organizations 

of the United Nations.

It strikes me tha t 50 percent or more is a very high percentage.

Mr. Battle. According to the figures that I have, sir, we have— 

this is 1963-64—out of $39 million, the cost of the general conference, 

the meeting itself, the executive board meeting, general administration 

of services, is $9.4 million. Program staff cost is $12,022,000. And 

so on. So tha t if—well, it is a little less than half, sir. If you 

consider the costs of the general conference and the board meetings as 

part of that cost, it would be. But if you do not, if you take direct 

staff costs, it would perhaps be a little less. It is, however, quite high.

U N ESCO R E S P O N S IB IL IT Y FO R SO M E SP E C IA L FU N D A C T IV IT IE S

Senator Church. Doesn’t UNESCO act as the implementing 

agency for some United Nations Special Fund economic projects?

Mr. Battle. It does, sir. It has a fairly large amount of assistance 

from both the so-called ETA P and the Special Fund. I can give 

you the exact amount if you would like, sir.

Senator Church. Can you give us a concrete example of such a 

project in a specific country. Can you tell us just what it is tha t 

the UNESCO staff personnel do in the field in connection with this 

kind of work?

Mr. Battle. From the Special Fund, UNESCO is currently 

administrating almost $52 million in projects tha t are financed under 

tha t Special Fund. I have a list of some of those projects here.

In Argentina there is the Petroleum Institute in Buenos Aires, 

$1,110,000. In Cameroon, a secondary school teacher training institute of $1,105,000. These are round figures.

In Chile, there is a project, Facu lty of Engineering, University of 

Concepcion, $1,052,000.

In Colombia, there is a project for training of engineers in the 

Industrial University, $1,502,000. There is a similar project at 

Bogota for $604,000.

In Ecuador, National Polytechnic School a t Quito, $1,317,000.

In Greece, training of technical teachers for vocational industrial 

schools, $932,500.

In India, Mechanical Research Engineering Institute, $724,500.

In Iraq, Technical Training Institu te at Bagdad, $907,105.
24 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

In the Ivory Coast, a secondary school teacher training institute, 

$975,400.

In Japan, International Institu te of Seismology and Earthqua ke 

Engineering, $702,500.

I ’m selecting here.

Senator Church. The figures you give us relate to the Special 

Fund contributions.

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir.

FU NC TION OF UN ESCO PE RSO NNEL IN SP EC IA L FU ND PR OJ EC TS

Senator Church. What I would like to know is just what duties 

the UNESCO people have in connection with these projects? Are 

they actually the teachers that are involved in these various schools, 

or are they administrators of the program who are hiring local teachers 

as the case might be? Just exactly what is the function of the 

UNESCO personnel in implementing these Special Fund projects?

Mr. Battle. Sir, I think it would vary considerably by place. 

But basically, UNESCO is the administrator—they are administering 

the funds. They actually take on a request from the Special 

Fund. This is outside the normal budgetary process of UNESCO. 

UNESCO’s relationships with the Special Fund is direct for administration of these various projects.

Now, UNESCO itself may take on some projects. They are more 

likely, I believe, to go through an existing organization, either college 

or university or an institution, in one or another of these countries 

in the world where they are operating.

PE RSO NNEL IN UN ESCO

Senator Church. How many people work in UNESCO?

Mr. Battle. There are 1,300 authorized positions there, sir. 

Senator Church. Do you have any breakdown as to the way the 

different nationalities may be represented in the employment?

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman, we do not have tha t with us today. 

Just a moment. We do have it, apparently. Here is a breakdown 

by—this is dated October 31, 1962. This is by country and by 

professional or general service category for all of the countries 

involved.

The United States has 51 professional and 21 general service or 

locally recruited individuals.

Senator Church. Out of 1,300, we have 72.

Mr. Battle. Yes, sir. That may vary a little bit since this date, 

but tha t is approximately it.

DIF FICULT Y IN RE CRUIT IN G AM ER ICAN S TO WOR K FO R UNESCO

Senator Church. Yes. What about the directorships in UNESCO— 

the highest executive positions?

Mr. Battle. Our ranking man, sir, is at the moment an Assistant 

Director-General for Administration, Mr. Alvin Roseman. He is the 

ranking American. There are others in fairly senior positions, not 

quite tha t high. And there are possible shifts underway which may 

change some of this.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 25

We have had, sir, in the past some difficulty with our representation 

at UNESCO. It is not an organization that has attracted a great 

many Americans to service. This is an area that gives me concern.

Senator Church. Is this because of lack of salary inducement, or 

is it because of other factors? Is it more difficult to obtain Americans 

on this account, or are there other factors involved?

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman, I would say there are several factors. 

I have served on an international staff myself. It is not, generally 

speaking, an area tha t Americans take to automatically. It is 

frustrating, it is bureaucratic, it is frequently quite stuffy.

I understand some of the difficulties. I think they are compounded 

in UNESCO manyfold by the variety of languages involved, by the 

frequent fuzziness of the program. Certainly by the inadequate 

funds tha t they can receive for their services there.

Moreover, generally speaking, we have not supplied Americans 

there as we have in some other organizations with any kind of reemployment rights. They simply take a job a t UNESCO. This bothers 

me. I think this is wrong. We do not want people to stay at 

UNESCO too long, for one thing. I think a changing scene there has 

many advantages there for us. I think our Americans have tended 

to remain somewhat too long, partly because there is no guaranteed 

reemployment arrangement here. I think the quality of our participation has got to be improved if we are to back up this rather large 

investment that you have called attention to in this discussion this 

morning, sir.

A N T I- A M ER IC A N F E E L IN G S IN SO M E IN T E R N A T IO N A L O R G A N IZ A TIO N S

Senator Church. I have heard it said from some who have worked 

in these international groups tha t there is a very anti-American bias 

in the sense that many who are engaged have previously been a p art 

of the colonial bureaucracy—whether i t be French or British or Dutch 

or Belgian. Many of them have a feeling that somehow the United 

States did not save the empires as they might have done, and it is 

somehow associated with a demise of the old order. I have also heard 

tha t these organizations have become a kind of sanctuary for many 

of these people who now work for the United Nations—and there is a 

very definite anti-American feeling which results in discrimination in 

favor of other nationals, and against Americans in terms of the positions, the advancement, and the general direction given to the 

program.

Now, you have had experience. Do you think there is a basis for 

this? I have heard it said often enough that I am concerned about it.

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman. I could not, as far as the attitude on 

America—I would hesitate to make a general statement here because 

this is a hard thing to evaluate. It would vary at any given time.

I think it is quite true that UNESCO has had personnel who have 

simply floated in a sort of international aura and do not necessarily 

represent the best people for an organization of this kind.

I think th at the various factors tha t I have mentioned have tended 

to make people gravitate to it who do not represent what I would 

consider necessary for an efficient, forceful, central organization.

I cannot honestly say tha t I am aware of any sufficient antiAmericanism here to be able to generalize about it. I have seen
26 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

it, yes. But I do not think I could draw any general conclusion from 

it. You can find it in places other than an international organization, too.

PLA N S TO IN S U R E A G A IN ST F U T U R E PU B L IC A T IO N S O B JE C T IO N A B L E TO 

T H E U N IT E D STA TES

Senator Church. Senator Carlson asked a question a little while 

ago that I want to reiterate.

What do we do, between now and the next meeting of the General 

Council 2 years hence, to assure ourselves tha t we are not going to 

have UNESCO funds—to which we contribute a third—utilized again 

for publication of highly objectionable material of this sort? What 

plan do you have? What blueprint for action does the State 

Department have?

Mr. Battle. Well, we discussed this on the way down here this 

morning, sir. Among other things, I expect to write the DirectorGeneral of the Organization a report of this discussion this morning, 

stating the interest of the U.S. Senate, the concern, if this is permissible, of the committee, tha t has been expressed here on the 

publications, as a matter of keeping him informed on what the American attitu des are in this regard.

Secondly, I have a meeting with him. He is coming to this country 

in the next 2 or 3 weeks—I do no t remember the date—at which time 

I expect to talk with him, not only about this particular m atter of the 

publications, b ut on quite a variety of others.

N E E D FO R U .S . A CTIO N C O N C ER N IN G O RG A N IZ A TIO N OF UN ESCO

Another area in which I feel that we must' take very positive action is 

the situation in Paris itself. One of the things tha t concerns me about 

the organization at UNESCO is t ha t there is no continuing body in 

the sense tha t you have at other international organizations. At 

NATO you have, for example, the Council which meets once a week 

approximately, and there is a continuing thing there to deal with. 

In Paris, a t UNESCO headquarters, there is a very loose organization. 

There are permanent representatives there, but there is no continuing 

body tha t meets and deliberates and considers.

I have said to our new representative there, who arrived only about 

6 weeks ago, tha t I felt it was imperative tha t he had a regular, continuing, forceful conversation with the Director-General approximately 

once a week, giving our views on any and all m atters tha t are before 

the house, including publications.

It is in this area, sir, tha t I think we have been quite derelict as 

far as our representation is concerned. I think we have not continued 

over the past years to be as forceful as we should have been in connection with UNESCO. I think the time has come for us to be 

very firm and unyielding in some of our attitudes.

I do not believe, even so, tha t we will necessarily be able to have 

everything we want. We pay a large share of the budget—a third of 

it is a big share. It is not the whole share. And it will always be 

difficult to have our way completely. But I think we must assert 

ourselves in a variety of ways by publishing statements, by speeches.

I have talked at great length, for example, with the Executive 

Committee of the National Commission for UNESCO, reviewing the
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 27

various areas of concern I have mentioned here this morning. I have 

done this in a little more detail with them than I have with you— 

expressing a number of our worries and expressing the hope tha t the 

quality and the vigor of our participation in this Organization can 

be increased considerably.

This also, I think, requires an improved representation, both in 

the U.S. delegation to UNESCO and, hopefully, in the international 

staff. We need some new people in key jobs in this area.

U.S . CO MM ISS ION ON UN ES CO

Senator Carlson. Who composes the U.S. Commission on 

UNESCO?

Mr. Battle. Sir, the National Commission is provided for by the 

national participation—UNESCO National Participation Act, adopted 

by the Congress in 1946, I believe it was. It comprises 100 people. 

Its composition is defined by the act itself—there shall be some from 

State government, so many from various categories of American life. 

It is approximately 100. The membership varies a little bit at any 

given time. It represents American society in a wide variety of 

fields. We have scientists, we have people in many areas of activity. 

It is chaired by Mr. George Allen, former Assistant Secretary of 

State, who has been connected with UNESCO work intimately over 

the years. I have here a list of the actual membership.

Senator Carlson. Is there any objection to putting tha t list in 

the record?

Senator Church. Not at all.

Senator Carlson. I think it would be helpful.

Senator Church. Without objection, it will be included in the 

record.

Senator Carlson. Thank you.

(The document referred to follows:)

U.S. National Commission for UNESCO (United Nations E ducational, 

Scientific and Cultural Organization)

ROSTER OF MEM BER SHIP, OCTOBER 8, 1962

The parenthetical notation indicates organization represen ted by the individual 

or the category of membership. The numbers beside each name indicates the term 

currently being served a nd the year the term expires.

1. Hon. George V. Allen (2-1963), chairman, U.S. National Commission for

UNESCO, 808 17th Street NW., Washington, D.C. (member at large).

2. Dr. Eugene E. Barne tt 1

 (2-1962), 4619 No rth 41st Stree t, Arlington, Va.

(National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A.).

3. Mrs. Barry Bingham (1-1964), Glenview, Ky. (member at large).

4. Mr. Maurice Bisgyer (2-1964), executive vice president, B’nai B’ritli, 1640

Rhode Island Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. (B’nai B’rith).

5. Dr. Rob ert Blum1

 (2-1962), Council on Foreign Relations, Inc., 58 Eas t

68th Stree t, New York, N.Y. (member at large).

6. Mr. Kenneth E. Boulding (1-1964), professor of economics, University of

Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (American Economic Association).

7. Dr. Paul J . Braisted (1-1962), president, The Edwa rd W. Hazen Foundation,

400 Prospect Street, New Haven, Conn, (member at large).

8. Dr. Harvie Branscomb (1-1964), chancellor, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tenn. (American Council on Education).

9. Dr. Knute O. Broady (2-1963), director, Center for Continuing Educatio n,

University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebr. (National University Extension 

Association).

1

 Former m ember.
28 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

10. Hon. William S. Broomfield (1-1962), House of Rep resentatives, Washington,

D.C. (Federal Government).

11. Hon. Ellsw orth Bunker (1-1964), Bureau of F ar Eas tern Affairs, room 6209,

Depar tment of State, Washington, D.C. (Asia Society).

12. Dr. Frederick Burkh ard t (2-1964), president, American Council of Learned

Societies, 345 Eas t 46th Street, New York, N.Y. (American Council of 

Learned Societies).

13. Dr. Fred R. Cagle (1-1963), coordinator of research, Tulane University,

New Orleans, La. (American Institut e of Biological Sciences).

14. Mrs. Lisle C. Carter (1-1964), 10 Jumel Terrace, New York, N.Y. (National

Council of Negro Women).

15. Mrs. Harold C. Case (2-1964), 225 Bay State Road, Boston, Mass. (National

Council of Women of the United States).

16. Mr. Kenneth W. Clark (2-1964), vice president, Motion Picture Association

of America, 1600 Eye Stre et NW., Washington, D.C. (Motion Picture 

Association of America).

17. Mr. H. Walton Cloke (1-1963), coordinator of public relations, Kaiser Industries Corp., 1625 Eye Street NW., Washington, D.C. (Public Relations 

Society of America).

18. Dr. Henry Steele Commager (1-1964), professor of history and American

studies, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass, (member at large).

19. Dr. Farrington Daniels (1-1963), professor emeritus, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (National Academy of 

Sciences—National Research Council).

20. Mr. John W. Dav is 1

 (1-1962), special director, Teacher Information and

Security NAACP Legal Defense and Educatio nal Fund, 10 Columbus 

Circle, New York, N.Y. (African-American Ins titu te).

21. Mr. Herbert E. Evans (1-1964), president, Peoples Broadcasting Corp., 246

North High Street, Columbus, Ohio (National Association of Broadcasters).

22. Hon. Luther H. Evans (2-1963), direc tor of in tern atio nal and legal collections,

Columbia University, New York, N.Y. (State and local governments).

23. Mr. Herman Finkels tein1

 (2-1962), general atto rney, American Society of

Composers, Authors and Publishers, 575 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 

(American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers).

24. Mr. Julius Fleischm ann (2-1963), chairman of the board, Fleischmann

Foundation, 4001 Carew Tower, Cincinnati, Ohio (member at large).

25. Dr. Ralph H. Gabriel (2-1963), School of Intern ational Service, American

University , Massachusetts and Nebraska Avenues, NW., Washington, 

D.C. (member a t large).

26. Dr. Grace E. G ardner (2-1963), Southw est Missouri State College, Springfield,

Mo. (De par tment of Classroom Teachers).

27. Mr. Marcus Ginsburg (2-1964), 2300 Continental Bank Building, Fort

Worth, Tex. (American Jewish Congress).

28. Mr. Ha rry Goldberg (1-1962), Int ern ational Affairs Departme nt, American

Federation of Labor and Congress of Ind ustrial Organizations, 815 16th 

Street NW., Washington, D.C. (AFL-C IO).

29. Hon. Ed ith S. Green (1-1963), House of R epresenta tives, Washington, D.C.

(Federal Government).

30. Hon. Wayne C. Grover (1-1963), Archivist of the United States, Washington,

D.C. (Federal Government).

31. Dr. John W. Hall (1-1963), De par tment of History, Yale University, New

Haven, Conn. (Association for Asian Studies).

32. Dr. Robert H. Ham lin 1

 (2-1962), associate professor of public health

adm inistration, School of Public Health , Harva rd University, 55 Sh attuck 

Street, Boston, Mass. (State and local governments).

33. Dr. Howard Hanson 1

 (2-1962), director, E astman School of Music, University

of Rochester, 26 Gibbs Street, Rochester N.Y. (National Music Council).

34. Rev. Gilbert V. Hartke, O.P. (2-1963), head, De partm ent of Speech and

Dram a, Catholic University of America, Washington D.C. (American 

Educational Theater Association).

35. Mr. L. Roy Hawes (1-1962), Merrie Meadows, Sudb ury, Mass. (National

Grange).

36. Dr. Anna L. Rose Hawkes (1-1962), president, American Association of

University Women, 2401 Virginia Avenue, NW., Washington, D.C. 

(American Association of University Women).

i Former member.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 29

37. Mr. August Heckscher (1-1964), Special Consultan t on the Arts, The White

House Office, Exec utive Office Building, Wash ington D.C. (member at 

larg e).

38. Dr. Richard H. Heindel (2-1963), president, Pra tt Institut e, Brooklyn

N.Y. (member at lar ge) .

39. Mr. He rbe rt W. Hill (1-1962), chairman, De par tment of History, Da rtm outh

College, Hanover, N.H . (State a nd local governments).

40. Mr. Ba rre tt Hollister (1-1964), inte rnational affairs secretary, American

Friends Service Committe e, 160 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

(American Friends Service Committee).

41. Dr. Hen ry R. Hope (2-1963), chairman, Fine Arts Department, Indiana

University, Bloomington, Ind. (State and local governments).

42. Dr. Cyril O. Houle (2-1964), D epa rtm ent of Education, University of Chicago,

Chicago, Ill. (Adult Education Association of the U.S.A.).

43. Dr. Wiley L. Housew right (1-1963), chairman, Department of Music Edu cation, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fla. (Music Educato rs National Conference).

44. Dr. Elmer Hutchisson (2-1963), director, American Institut e of Physics, 335

East 45th Stree t, New York, N.Y. (American Institute of Physics).

45. Dr. Eugene H. Jacobson (1-1963), director, African Language and Area

Center, Michigan Sta te University , East Lansing, Mich. (American 

Psychological Association).

46. Mrs. Clifford N. Jenkins (1-1962), president, National Congress of Pare nts

and Teachers, 30 Dee rpath, Norgate, Roslyn Heights, Long Island, N.Y. 

(National Congress of P are nts and Teachers).

47. Miss Barbara G. Johnson (1-1964), president, The Association of the Junior

Leagues of America, Inc., 203 Chancery Road, Baltimore, Md. (Association 

of the Junior Leagues of America).

48. Mr. Willard Johnson (1-1963), 28 Irving Stree t, Apartm ent 43, Cambridge

Mass. (U.S. National Stu dent Association).

49. Dr. Leonard S. Kenworthy (1-1964), Depar tment of Education, Brooklyn

College, Bedford Avenue and Avenue H, Brooklyn, N.Y. (Association for 

Supervision and Curriculum Development).

50. Dr. Clyde F. Kohn (1-1963), Department of Geography, State University of

Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa (Association of American Geographers).

51. Rt. Rev. Msgr. Francis J. Lal ly 1 (2-1962), editor, the Pilot, 49 Franklin

Street, Boston, Mass. (Na tional Catholic Welfare Conference).

52. Dr. Raymond F. McCoy (1-1964), dean, Graduate School, Xavier University,

Victory Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio (National Catholic Educational 

Association)

53. Hon. Gale W. McGee (1-1964), U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. (Federal

Government).

54. Dr. Vernon McKay (1-1962), Department of African Studies, School of

Advanced Internatio nal Studies, John s Hopkins University, 1906 Florida 

Avenue NW., Washington, D.C. (African Studies Association).

55. Dr. Alan K. Ma ncheste r1 (2-1962), dean, Trinity College, Duke University,

Durham, N.C. (member at large).

56. Dr. David G. Mandelbaum 1 (2-1962), Departme nt of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. (State and local governm ents).

57. Dr. Benjamin E. Mays (1-1964), president, Morehouse College, A tlanta, Ga.

(Federal Government).

58. Hon. Newton N. Minow (1-1964), Chairman, Federal Communications

Commission, Washington, D.C. (Federal Government).

59. Dr. Wilbert E. Moore (1-1962), Department of Economics and Sociology,

Princeton University, 5 Ivy Lane, Princeton, N.J. (Social Science Research 

Council).

60. Miss Lucile M. Morsch 1 (2-1962), Chief, Descriptive Cataloging Division,

Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (Federal Government).

61. Mr. Ray M ur ph y1 (2-1962), 15671 Peach Hill Road, Saratoga, Calif, (member at large).

62. Hon. Edw ard R. Murrow (2-1964), Director, U.S. Information Agency,

Washington, D.C. (Federal Government).

63. Dr. W. Albert Noyes, Jr.1 (1^1962), Department of Chemistry, University of

Rochester, River Campus Station, Rochester, N.Y. (American Chemical 

Society).

i Former member.
30 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

64. Hon. Candido Oliveras (1-1964), Secretary of Education of Puerto Rico,

Calle Vela, Parado 35% Hato Rey, P.R . (State and local governments).

65. Mr. Edward Papantonio (1-1963), 391 Eas t 149th Street, Bronx, N.Y.

(Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States).

66. Dr. James A. Perkins (1-1964), vice president, Carnegie Corp., 585 Fifth

Avenue, New York, N.Y. (member at large).

67. Dr. G. Baley Price (1-1963), chairm an, Departme nt of M athematics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. (American Mathem atical Society).

68. Dr. Carlton S. Proctor (2-1963), Moran, Proctor, Mueser & Rutledge, 415

Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. (Engineers Joi nt Council).

69. Hon. Winston L. Pro uty (2-1963), U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. (Federal

Governm ent).

70. Dr. Froelich G. Ra iney 1

 (1-1962), director, University Museum, 33d and

Spruce Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. (American Association of Museums).

71. Dr. Roger Revelle (2-1964), Science Adviser to the Secretary of th e Interior,

room 5150, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. (Sta te and local 

governments).

72. Mrs. Leon K. Richards (1-1964), 7301 Westover Road, Waco, Tex. (League

of Women Voters of the United States).

73. Mr. Hubbell Robinson (1-1964), senior vice president, network program s,

CBS television network, 485 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. (National 

Academy of Television Arts and Sciences).

74. Rev. Dr. William F. Rosenblum 1

 (2-1962), rabbi, Temple Israel, 210 West

91st Street, New York, N.Y. (Synagogue Council of America).

75. Hon. Gloria Schaffer (1-1963), Tumblebrook Road, Woodbridge, Conn.

(State and local governments).

76. Mr. Walter E. Schirmer (1-1964), executive vice president, Clark Equ ipment

Inte rnational, Buchanan, Mich. (Chamber of Commerce of the United 

States).

77. Dr. Wilbur Schram m (1-1962), director, Department of Comm unication and

Journalism: Ins titute for Comm unication Research, Stanford University, 

Stanford, Calif, (member at large).

78. Dr. George N. Shuster (2-1963), assistant to the president, University of

Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Ind. (State and local governments).

79. Miss Helena Simkhovitch (2-1963), 48 West 10th Stree t, New York, N.Y.

(U.S. Committee of the Int ern ational Association of Plastic Arts).

80. Dr. Gregg M. Sinclair (1-1964), 3817 Lurline Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii

(State and local governments).

81. Dr. Harry J. Skornia 1

 (2-1962), School of Journalism, University of Illinois,

Urbana, Ill. (National Association of Educatio nal Broadcasters).

82. Mr. Lawrence M. C. Smith (1-1964), 1707 Benjam in Fran klin Parkway,

Philadelphia, Pa. (State and local governments).

83. Mrs. Otto L. Spaeth (1-1963), 120 East 81st Street, New York, N.Y. (American Federation of Arts).

84. Mr. William E. Spaulding (1-1963), President, Houghton Mifflin Co., 2 Park

Stree t, Boston, Mass. (American Book Publishers Council).

85. Mr. John G. F. Speiden (1-1962), 2350 East Elm Street, Tucson, Ariz.

(State and local governments).

86. Mr. J . Edw ard Sproul (1-1964), National Council of the Young Men’s Christian Associations, 291 Broadway, New7

 York, N.Y. (National Council of 

YMCA’s).

87. Dr. George Winchester Stone, Jr .1

 (2-1962), executive secretary, Modern

Language Association of America, 6 Washington Square North, New 

York, N.Y. (Modern Language Association of America).

88. Dr. Ray nard C. Swank (1-1964), dean, School of Librarianship, University of

California, Berkeley, Calif. (American Library Association).

89. Dr. Sol T ax (1-1962), Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago,

Chicago, Ill. (American Anthropological Association).

90. Mrs. M. L. Taymor (1-1963), 44 Fairfax Street, West Newton, Mass, (member at large).

91. Mr. William O. Walker (1-1963), editor-publisher, Cleveland Call and Post,

Post Office Box 6237, Cleveland, Ohio. (National Newspaper Publishers 

Association).

92. Mr. Lawrence Westbrook (2-1964), 1912 Jade Drive, San Angelo, Tex.

(member at large).

1

 Former member.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 31

93. Dr. S. S. Wilks (1-1962), professor of mathem atical statistics, Princeton

University, Fine Hall, Box 708, Princeton, N.J. (American Association 

for the A dvancement of Science).

94. Mr. Hen ry I. Willett (1-1963), superin tendent of schools, adm inistration

building, 312 N orth Ninth Street, Richmond, Va. (American Association 

of School Adm inistrators).

95. Dr. Howard E. Wilson 1 (2-1962), dean, School of Educatio n, University of

California. 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, Calif. (National Education 

Association).

96. Hon. Minter L. Wilson (1-1962), 541 Harva rd Avenue, Morgantown, W. Va.

(State and local go vernm ents).

97. Dr. O. Meredith Wilson (1-1964), president, University of Minnesota,

Minneapolis, Minn. (State and local governments).

98. Miss Peggy Wood (1-1962), 196 Ea st 75th Street, New York, N.Y. (Associated Actors and Artists of America).

99. Councilwoman Rosalind W. Wyman (1-1963), City Council of Los Angeles,

room 136A, City Hall, Los Angeles, Calif. (Sta te and local governments).

D U T IE S OF U .S . COM M IS SI O N ON U N ESCO

Senator Carlson. What are their duties? How much authority 

do they have? What is the responsibility of this Commission?

Mr. Battle. Senator, you are touching upon a very complicated, 

key issue.

It is very difficult to use effectively a 100-man group. And yet at 

this time, as I have said, I am so concerned about the quality of our 

participation in UNESCO, about what we are doing there, that I 

consider we must draw upon these people to assist us. I have been 

accused of being rather negative in my attitude on UNESCO, which 

I think is n ot really accurate. I think I am constructively critical. 

But I have been trying to work out a new system of utilization of this 

group.

We had a meeting of the executive committee last week. We met 

for 2 full days. We reviewed a number of aspects of this.

There are several committees, continuing committees, of the 

National Commission which advise. An advisory group is always, 

particularly a large one, fairly nebulous and rather difficult to manage. 

They are aware of this and have considered tha t in the past they have 

no particular role in the formulation of policy. This time, if I may 

be slightly immodest, they passed a resolution commending me for 

the new position we were taking with UNESCO, and for the effort 

that I have made to utilize the Commission and to get its views.

It has been extremely helpful, for example, in preparing this publications policy which we submitted in December. This was largely 

worked out at a meeting of the National Commission in October in 

Pittsburgh, which I attended. We have several other projects. We 

outlined approximately 8 or 10 major areas—most of them I have 

mentioned today—of our concern insofar as our participation and 

asked them through committees to consider these various questions 

and to give us their recommendations.

We had a number of quite specific issues that we will be facing. I 

can give you those specifically.

Senator Carlson. Just for the record'—Mr. Chairman, I have an 

appointment to keep at 11:45—I want to say this: This hearing, Mr. 

Secretary, has been very helpful. You have been very frank. I am 

hoping that we can work out something tha t will be helpful to you 

and the organization. I think I would be less than frank if I did not

i Former member.
32 ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO

stat e there is considerable opposition to UNESCO. It needs some 

additional support. Maybe we can be helpful.

Mr. Battle. Thank you, sir.

SU G G E STE D W AY S TO ST R E N G T H E N U .S . PO SIT IO N R E S P E C T IN G U N ESCO

Senator Church. Mr. Secretary, just before we close today, have 

you any suggestions to make with respect to what Congress might 

do to strengthen our hand in UNESCO?

Mr. Battle. Mr. Chairman, as I stated with reference to the 

matter of publications—I welcome this opportunity. I think the 

fact tha t you have taken this interest in the ma tter of the publications 

is going to be quite helpful to me.

I would hope tha t you would from time to time continue to hold 

hearings of this sort.

I think this area is one in which the attention of the Congress is 

completely justified and required. I think we have to approach this 

participation in UNESCO fairly and squarely. But, as I have said— 

we must have continued criticism and a very hard look.

I would hope tha t perhaps from time to time I could consult with 

you and give you, as chairman of the committee, a fill in on some of 

the problems tha t we are facing. A continued interest by the committee, and constructive and firm speeches and attention will be very 

helpful to us, both nationally and internationally.

Senator Church. Senator Aiken, I think both Senator Carlson and 

I have exhausted all of our questions. If you have some, please feel 

free to ask them.

Senator Aiken. I have just read part of the Secretary’s statement. 

It s tarts out as though he is aware of the situation.

Mr. Battle. Senator Aiken, I am very aware of the situation. I 

welcome the interest and the action of this committee in going into 

this matter.

Senator Aiken. I do not think I have any questions. I am not on 

this subcommittee. However, it looks like somebody is aware of the 

situation.

Mr. B attle. This is one, sir, tha t I think requires a very hard look.

Senator Aiken. I think so, too. I have not had any direct contact 

with this work. But I think it is important to know what we are 

doing, why we are doing it, and what we hope to accomplish by it.

Mr. Battle. That, sir, we are reexamining our complete participation in this organization and have been for several months. I hope 

that out of our new look will come a clear conception of what we are 

trying to do within it as a nation.

Senator Aiken. I hope so, along with you.

Senator Church. Mr. Secretary, I want to express my appreciation 

for your very frank and candid presentation here this morning.

Senator Aiken. There is no use in glossing over a situation and 

trying to make it look like something it is not.

Senator Church. No atte mpt was made in this direction. I 

must say tha t is not always the case.

I take it th at this sta tement is a cleared statement, so that members 

of the press may have it if they ask for it.

Mr. Battle. I have no objection, sir.

Senator Church. All right.
ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES OF UNESCO 33

We will also follow the practice that we established last week with 

the Special Fund hearing, of submitting the transcript to the State 

Department.

BLOC M EM BER SH IP IN UN ESCO

Senator Aiken. Are all members of the Soviet bloc also members 

of UNESCO?

Mr. Battle. Yes. I think they all are, sir. That is, except Communist China. But the normal bloc members.

Senator Aiken. Well, Cuba has come in there.

Mr. Battle. Cuba is a member, yes, sir.

Senator Aiken. Also Outer Mongolia probably by this time.

Mr. Battle. Albania, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, Ukraine, U.S.S.R.

Senator Aiken. Does Yugoslavia belong?

Mr. Battle. Yugoslavia does belong.

Senator Aiken. So do we.

Mr. Battle. Yes.

release of testimony

Senator Aiken. All right.

Senator Church. After you have had a chance to review the 

transcript, we will review it ourselves, and then we will release it, in 

a week or 10 days, so tha t it will be available to the press.

Senator Aiken, do you have any furth er questions?

Senator Aiken. No more.

Senator Church. Than k you very much. Thank you, gentlemen, 

for coming.

(Whereupon, at 11:40 a.m., the subcommittee was recessed, subject 

to the call of the Chair.)

SUMMARY INDEX

Activities of UNESCO, concern about____________________________

Aiken, Senator George D., examination of witness, Hon. Lucius D. B attle-. 

Anti-American feelings in some international organizations.

Page 

22 

32-33 

25 Arrearages of certain UNESCO members__________________________ 15, 17

Baltic States, excerpt regarding the ----------------------------------------------- 6

Budget of UNESCO___________________________________________ 13, 21

Carlson, Senator Frank, examination of witnesses:

Battle, Hon. Lucius D_____________________________ 10-14, 18, 27, 31

Eddy, Donald B_______________________________________ 15, 17, 18

Church, Senator Frank, examination of witnesses:

Battle, Hon. Lucius D ______________________ 3-8, 11, 14-15, 18-27, 32

Eddy, Donald B_______________________________________ 15-17, 22

Conference of UNESCO, Twelfth GeneralCost of UNESCO programs_______________________________

Criteria proposed by the United States for UNESCO publications.

Difficulty in recruiting Americans to work for UNESCO________

Distribution of UNESCO publications in the United States_____

Education, UNESCO’s contribution to ______________________

Effect of a reduction in U.S. contributions to UNESCO________

Examples of errors in UNESCO publication in question________

Executive Board Publications Committee of UNESCO_________

Function of UNESCO personnel in special fund projects.

1

21 

3

24 

5

20 

14 

8

13 

24 Jews in the U.S.S.R., excerpt_regarding treatment of_________________ 6, 7

19

14 

26

7 

5 

19 

22 

24

List of member states of UNESCO.

Local currencies, exceptions for contributions to be paid in____________

Method of determining share of costs paid by members_______________

Need for U.S. action concerning organization of UNESCO____________

Number of Jews in the U.S.S.R__________________________________

Objectionable excerpts from pamphlet in question___________________

Other activities of UNESCO____________________________________

Percentage of budget spent on salaries____________________________

Personnel in UNESCO--------------------------------------------------------------

Plans to insure against future publications objectionable to the United

States_____________________________________________________ 26

Publication review in UNESCO__________________________________ 10

Publications of UNESCO:

Criteria proposed by the United States for________________________ 3

Distribution of, in the United State s__________________________ 5

Examples of errors in publication in question___________________ 8

History of publication in question____________________________ 2

Lack of policy directives ruling_______________________________ 3, 10

Number of copies of, printed_________________________________ 19

Previous protests abo ut_____________________________________ 5

Proposed suspension of certain_______________________________ 4

Russian membership in review group of________________________ 10

Responsibility of UNESCO for some special fund activities___________ 23

Russian membership in publications review group___________________ 10

Soviet bloc membership in UNESCO______________________________ 33

Soviet contributions to UNESCO________________________________ 14

Suggested ways to strengthen U.S. position respecting UNESCO_______ 32

Ukraine, excerpt regarding______________________________________ 7

U.S. efforts to curb UNESCO budget_____________________________ 21

U.S. contributions to UNESCO__________________________________ 11, 14

U.S. Commission on UNESCO___________________________________ 27

Duties of_________________________________________________ 31

U.S. position on penalty for arrearages to UNESCO_________________ 17

Voting rights in UNESCO, provision in constitution relating to possible

loss of_____________________________________________________ 16

o

35