Exhibit 4.5


 


Execution
Version


 


IVANHOE ELECTRIC INC. 


REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT


 


THIS REGISTRATION RIGHTS
AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is entered into as of August 3, 2021, by and among IVANHOE ELECTRIC INC.,
a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each of the investors listed on Schedule A hereto (each, an “Investor”
and together, the “Investors”).


 


RECITALS


 


WHEREAS, each Investor
is a party to a Subscription Agreement (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, a “Subscription Agreement”)
among the Company, I-Pulse Inc., a Delaware corporation (“I-Pulse”) and such Investor pursuant to which such Investor
has agreed to purchase, and each of I-Pulse and the Company (severally and not jointly) have agreed to sell, the number of bundles set
forth therein of newly-issued securities (the “Bundles”) consisting of (i) US $830.00 principal amount of Convertible
Unsecured Senior PIK Notes due 2023 issued by I-Pulse (as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time,
the “I-Pulse Notes”), (ii) 500 shares of Common Stock (as defined below), and (iii) US $2,075.00 principal
amount of Convertible Unsecured Senior Notes due 2023 issued by the Company (as the same may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified
from time to time, the “IVNE Notes”);


 


WHEREAS, the IVNE Notes
are automatically convertible into shares of Common Stock upon a Qualifying IVNE IPO (the shares issuable upon such automatic conversion,
collectively, “Conversion Shares”);


 


WHEREAS, the I-Pulse
Notes are exchangeable into shares of Common Stock from and after the closing date of a Qualifying IVNE IPO and prior to the maturity
date of the I-Pulse Notes (the shares so exchanged, collectively, “Exchange Shares”); and


 


WHEREAS, the obligations
of the parties to each Subscription Agreement to purchase and sell (as applicable) the securities comprising the number of Bundles set
forth therein are conditioned upon the Company and the applicable Investor entering into a mutually acceptable agreement providing such
Investor with certain registration rights as set forth below.


 


NOW THEREFORE, in consideration
of the mutual covenants and agreements of the parties hereto, and of the mutual benefits to be gained by the performance thereof, and
for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, for themselves,
their heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, do hereby covenant and agree as follows:


 


Article 1

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS


 


As used in this Agreement,
the following additional terms, not defined elsewhere, have the meanings herein specified:


 


“Acquisition Price”
means, as to any share of Common Stock acquired by an Investor through its purchase of Bundles (including any such share acquired upon
any conversion of IVNE Notes or exchange of I-Pulse Notes), the per share price at which such share is acquired by such Investor, whether
directly through the purchase of Bundles or upon conversion of IVNE Notes or exchange of I-Pulse Notes.


 







    1 


     


    

 


“Affiliate”
means a Person that is controlled by, that controls, or that is under common control with, a particular Person. For purpose of this definition,
the term “control” (including the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means having,
directly or indirectly, the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through the ownership
of voting securities or by contract or otherwise.


 


“Agreement”
has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.


 


“Board”
means the board of directors of the Company.


 


“Bundles”
has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.


 


“Business Day”
means any day of the year on which banking institutions in New York, New York, USA are open to the public for conducting business and
are not required or authorized to close.


 


“Company”
has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.


 


“Company Securities”
means, collectively, (a) the shares of Common Stock included in the Bundles, (b) the IVNE Notes included in the Bundles, (c) the
Conversion Shares, (d) the Exchange Shares, (e) in the case of any Investor not a party to a stockholders agreement between
such Investor and the Company, other shares of Common Stock, if any, acquired by such Investor prior to the Qualifying IVNE IPO, and (f) any
shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company issued as a split, stock dividend or similar distribution or event with respect
to, in exchange for, or in replacement of, any of the securities described in clauses (a) through (e) above.


 


“Commission”
means the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor agency of the United States federal government serving a similar function.


 


“Common Stock”
means the common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of the Company.


 


“Conversion Shares”
has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.


 


“Exchange Act”
means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Exchange Shares”
has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.


 


“Investors”
has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.


 


“I-Pulse”
has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.


 


“I-Pulse Notes”
has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.


 






    2 


     


    

 


“IVNE Notes”
has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.


 


“Joinder”
means a counterpart of this Agreement, in the form of Exhibit A hereto, whereby a Permitted Transferee of Company Securities agrees
to bind itself to the terms of this Agreement.


 


“Lock-up Period”
has the meaning set forth in Section 2.7.


 


“Permitted Transferee”
means (i) with respect to an entity, such entity’s Affiliates, (ii) with respect to a partnership, such partnership’s
partners or redeeming partners in accordance with their respective partnership interests, (iii) with respect to a limited liability
company, such limited liability company’s members or redeeming members in accordance with their respective membership interests,
(iv) with respect to a corporation, such corporation’s stockholders in accordance with their respective equity interests in
the corporation, (v) with respect to a natural person, such person’s spouse, ancestors, descendants or siblings (natural or
adopted) and the ancestors, descendants or siblings (natural or adopted) of such person’s spouse (all of the foregoing collectively
referred to as “family members”) or a custodian or trustee of any trust, partnership or limited liability company for the
benefit of, or the ownership interests of which are owned wholly by, such person or any such family members, (vi) any pledgee of
a pledge of IVNE Notes or Registrable Securities made pursuant to a bona fide loan transaction that creates a mere security interest
provided that the transferee in any foreclosure or any sale subsequent to foreclosure (including any transferee as a result of credit
bid as part of such sale) shall not constitute a “Permitted Transferee”, or (vii) any recipient of a bona fide
gift to a charitable or tax-exempt organization as approved by the Board.


 


“Person”
means any individual, partnership, limited partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, joint stock corporation,
trust, joint venture, unincorporated organization or governmental entity or department, agency or political subdivision thereof, or any
other entity.


 


“Qualifying IVNE
IPO” has the meaning ascribed to it in the IVNE Notes.


 


“Registrable Securities”
means all Conversion Shares owned by an Investor or its Permitted Transferees, including any shares of Common Stock issued as a split,
stock dividend or similar distribution or event with respect to, in exchange for, or in replacement of, any of the Conversion Shares.
Any Registrable Securities shall cease to be such when (i) a registration statement covering such Registrable Securities has been
declared effective by the Commission and such Registrable Securities have been disposed of pursuant to such effective registration statement,
(ii) such Registrable Securities are distributed to the public pursuant to Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in effect)
under the Securities Act, or (iii) such Registrable Securities may be resold to the public without restriction under the Securities
Act in accordance with Rule 144.


 


“Registration Filing
Period” means (a) the sixty (60)-day period commencing on the first day following the closing date of the Qualifying IVNE
IPO, or (b) if the Conversion Shares are subject to the restrictions on transfer during the Lock-up Period pursuant to Section 2.7(a),
the ten (10)-day period commencing on the first day following the expiration of the Lock-up Period, provided that such Lock-up
Period exceeds sixty (60) days.


 






    3 


     


    

 


“Securities Act”
means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Shelf Period”
has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(b).


 


“Shelf Registration”
has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a).


 


“Shelf Registration
Statement” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a).


 


“Subscription Agreement”
has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereto.


 


Article 2

REGISTRATION RIGHTS


 


2.1            Shelf
Registration.


 


(a)            If
a Qualifying IVNE IPO occurs prior to the Maturity Date (as defined in the IVNE Notes), then the Company shall use its best efforts to
prepare and file with the Commission, during the Registration Filing Period, a shelf registration statement pursuant to Rule 415
under the Securities Act on the then applicable form or any successor form (a “Shelf Registration Statement”) relating
to the offer and sale of Registrable Securities held by the Investors from time to time hereunder in accordance with the methods of distribution
elected by the Investors, and the Company shall use its best efforts to cause such Shelf Registration Statement to become effective under
the Securities Act as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter. Any such registration pursuant to this Section 2.1(a) shall
hereinafter be referred to as a “Shelf Registration.”


 


(b)            Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, in the event that (i) the Registration Filing Period is determined by reference to clause
(b) of the definition thereof and (ii) based on written advice of its counsel, the Company determines that, as of the last day
of the Lock-up Period, all Registrable Securities shall have ceased to be such pursuant to the second sentence of the definition of “Registrable
Securities”, the Company shall not be required to file the Shelf Registration Statement and this Agreement shall terminate and be
of no further force or effect.


 


2.2            Continued
Effectiveness. Subject to Section 2.3(c), the Company shall use its best efforts to keep the Shelf Registration Statement continuously
effective under the Securities Act in order to permit the prospectus forming part of the Shelf Registration Statement to be usable by
a seller until the earlier of: (i) the date as of which all Registrable Securities have been sold pursuant to the Shelf Registration
Statement or another registration statement filed under the Securities Act; and (ii) the first date as of which the Investors no
longer hold any Registrable Securities (such period of effectiveness, the “Shelf Period”). All registration rights
granted under this Article 2 will terminate upon the expiration of the Shelf Period.


 






    4 


     


    

 


2.3            Registration
Procedures. In connection with any Shelf Registration Statement filed with the Commission and kept effective by the Company pursuant
to Sections 2.1 and 2.2, the Company shall:


 



(a)            furnish
to each seller of Registrable Securities such number of copies of such Shelf Registration Statement, each amendment and supplement thereto,
the prospectus included in such Shelf Registration Statement (including each preliminary prospectus) and such other documents as such
seller may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities owned by such seller;


 


(b)            use
best efforts to register or qualify such Registrable Securities under such other securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as
any seller of Registrable Securities reasonably requests and do any and all other acts and things which may be reasonably necessary or
advisable to enable such seller to consummate the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities owned by such seller
(provided that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise
be required to qualify but for this subparagraph, (ii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdictions, (iii) consent to
general service of process in each such jurisdiction or (iv) undertake such actions in any jurisdiction other than the states of
the United States of America and the District of Columbia);


 


(c)            notify
each seller of Registrable Securities, at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities
Act, of the happening of any event as a result of which the prospectus included in such registration statement contains an untrue statement
of a material fact or omits any fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and, at the request of any such seller,
the Company shall supplement or amend such Shelf Registration Statement (if required by the registration form used by the Company for
such Shelf Registration Statement, by the instructions applicable to such registration form or by the Securities Act or the rules or
regulations promulgated thereunder) and prepare a supplement or amendment to such prospectus so that, as thereafter delivered to purchasers
of Registrable Securities, such prospectus shall not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any fact necessary
to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however, that each seller shall, immediately upon receipt of any
notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in this paragraph (c), forthwith discontinue disposition of
Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement until (i) the Commission has declared any post-effective amendment
to the Shelf Registration Statement effective, if necessary, and (ii) the seller has received copies of the supplement or amendment
of the prospectus prepared in accordance with this paragraph (c), and, if so directed by the Company, each seller shall deliver to the
Company all copies, other than permanent file copies then in the seller’s possession, of the prospectus covering Registrable Securities
current at the time of receipt of such notice;


 


(d)            use
its best efforts to cause the Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange on which the Common Stock is then listed,
or, if not so listed, to be listed on an exchange or quoted on an electronic inter-dealer quotation system on which the securities of
issuers engaging in businesses similar to that of the Company, as determined by the Board, are listed or quoted;


 


(e)            provide
a transfer agent and registrar for the Registrable Securities not later than the effective date of the Shelf Registration Statement;


 






    5 


     


    

 


(f)            make
available for inspection by any seller of Registrable Securities and any attorney, accountant or other agent retained by any such seller,
all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company, and cause the Company’s officers,
directors, employees and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by any such seller, attorney, accountant
or agent in connection with the Shelf Registration Statement;


 


(g)            permit
any holder of Registrable Securities which holder, in the Company’s judgment, might be deemed to be an underwriter or a controlling
Person of the Company, to participate in the preparation of the Shelf Registration Statement and to require the insertion therein of material,
furnished to the Company in writing, which in the reasonable judgment of such holder and its counsel should be included therein;


 


(h)            to
the extent the Company is eligible under the relevant provisions of Rule 430B under the Securities Act, include in the Shelf Registration
Statement such disclosures as may be required by Rule 430B under the Securities Act (referring to the unnamed selling security holders
in a generic manner) in order to ensure that any Investor may be added to the Shelf Registration Statement at a later time through the
filing of a Prospectus supplement rather than a post-effective amendment; and


 


(i)            if
the Shelf Registration Statement has not been effective for the Shelf Period, in the event of the issuance of any stop order suspending
the effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement, or of any order suspending or preventing the use of any related prospectus or suspending
the qualification of any Common Stock included in such registration statement for sale in any jurisdiction, promptly use best efforts
to obtain the withdrawal of such order. If any holder is identified in the Shelf Registration Statement as a holder of any securities
of the Company and if in its sole and exclusive judgment such holder is or might be deemed to be a controlling Person of the Company,
such holder shall have the right to require (i) to the extent permitted by law, the insertion therein of language, in form and substance
satisfactory to such holder and presented to the Company in writing, to the effect that the holding by such holder of such securities
is not to be construed as a recommendation by such holder of the investment quality of the Company’s securities covered thereby
and that such holding does not imply that such holder shall assist in meeting any future financial requirements of the Company, and (ii) in
the event that such reference to such holder by name or otherwise is not required by the Securities Act or any similar federal statute
then in force, the deletion of the reference to such holder; provided, that such holder shall furnish to the Company an opinion
of counsel to such effect, which opinion and counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company.


 


2.4            Company
Information Requests. The Company may require any Investor or Permitted Transferee to furnish to the Company such information regarding
the distribution of Registrable Securities and such other information relating to such Investor or Permitted Transferee and its ownership
of Registrable Securities or other securities of the Company as the Company may from time to time reasonably request in writing, and the
Company may exclude from the Shelf Registration the Registrable Securities of each Investor or Permitted Transferee who unreasonably fails
to furnish such information within a reasonable time after receiving such request. Each Investor and Permitted Transferee shall furnish
such information to the Company and cooperate with the Company as reasonably necessary to enable the Company to comply with the provisions
of this Agreement.


 






    6 


     


    

 


2.5            Expenses.
All expenses incident to the Company’s performance of or compliance with this Article 2, including without limitation
all registration and filing fees, fees and expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws, printing expenses, messenger and delivery
expenses, and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and all independent certified public accountants and other Persons retained
by the Company, and the reasonable fees and expenses of one counsel to the Investors holding Registrable Securities (such counsel fees
not to exceed US$20,000) shall be borne by the Company. Any underwriting discounts and commissions relating to Registrable Securities
shall be borne by the sellers of the Registrable Securities sold pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement.


 


2.6            Indemnification.


 


(a)            The
Company shall indemnify, to the extent permitted by law, each holder of Registrable Securities, its officers and directors and each Person
who controls such holder (within the meaning of the Securities Act) against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses caused
by (i) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in the Shelf Registration Statement or any prospectus or
preliminary prospectus included therein, or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or (ii) any other violation by the
Company of the Securities Act or other laws relating to the Shelf Registration, except insofar as the same are caused by or contained
in any information furnished in writing to the Company by such holder expressly for use therein or by such holder’s failure to deliver
a copy of the Shelf Registration Statement or any prospectus or preliminary prospectus included therein or any amendments or supplements
thereto after the Company has furnished such holder with a sufficient number of copies of the same. The obligations of the Company under
this Section 2.6(a) shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense
if such settlement is effected without the consent of the Company (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).


 


(b)            Each
holder of Registrable Securities shall severally indemnify the Company, its directors and officers and each Person who controls the Company
(within the meaning of the Securities Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses resulting from any untrue or
alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in the Shelf Registration Statement or any prospectus or preliminary prospectus included
therein or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained
in any information furnished in writing to the Company by such holder expressly for use herein, provided that in no event shall the indemnity
provided for in this Section 2.6(b) exceed the gross proceeds from the offering received by the indemnifying holder.


 


(c)            Any
Person entitled to indemnification hereunder shall (i) give prompt written notice to the indemnifying party of any claim with respect
to which it seeks indemnification and (ii) unless in such indemnified party’s reasonable judgment a conflict of interest between
such indemnified and indemnifying parties may exist with respect to such claim, permit such indemnifying party to assume the defense of
such claim with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed, the indemnifying party shall not
be subject to any liability for any settlement made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent shall not be unreasonably
withheld). An indemnifying party who is not entitled to, or elects not to, assume the defense of a claim shall not be obligated to pay
the fees and expenses of more than one counsel for all parties indemnified by such indemnifying party with respect to such claim, unless
in the reasonable judgment of any indemnified party a conflict of interest may exist between such indemnified party and any other of such
indemnified parties with respect to such claim.


 






    7 


     


    

 


(d)            If
the indemnification provided for in this Section 2.6 is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unavailable to an
indemnified party with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to herein, the indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying
such indemnified party thereunder, shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law, contribute to the amount paid or payable by such
indemnified party as a result of such loss, claim, damage or liability in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault
of the indemnifying party on the one hand and of the indemnified party on the other in connection with the violation(s) that resulted
in such loss, claim, damage or liability, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying
party and of the indemnified party shall be determined by a court of law by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue (or alleged
untrue) statement of a material fact or the omission (or alleged omission) to state a material fact relates to information supplied by
the indemnifying party or by the indemnified party and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity
to correct or prevent such statement or omission; provided, that in no event shall any contribution by a holder of Registrable
Securities hereunder exceed the net proceeds from the offering received by such holder.


 


2.7            Lock-Up.


 


(a)            Each
Investor holding Registrable Securities (other than any such Investor that is subject to a lock-up agreement contained in a stockholder
or other agreement between such Investor and the Company) shall not sell or otherwise transfer, make any short sale of, grant any option
for the purchase of, or enter into any hedging or similar transaction with the same economic effect as a sale, of any Company Securities
held by such holder during the period (the “Lock-up Period”) commencing on the effective date of the registration statement
for a Qualifying IVNE IPO and ending on the date specified by the Company or the managing underwriter of such Qualifying IVNE IPO (it
being understood that the Lock-up Period shall not in any event exceed 180 days). Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence,
this Section 2.7(a) shall not apply to any share of Common Stock acquired by an Investor through its purchase of Bundles
(including any such share acquired upon any conversion of IVNE Notes or exchange of I-Pulse Notes), provided that the Acquisition
Price of such share of Common Stock is equal to or greater than 90% (or, if the Qualifying IVNE IPO does not occur by February 28,
2022, 80%) of the gross price per share at which Common Stock is sold in the Qualifying IVNE IPO. The obligations described in this Section 2.7
shall not apply to a registration relating solely to a transaction on Form S-4 or similar forms that may be promulgated in the future.
The Company may impose stop-transfer instructions and may stamp each certificate or other document representing Company Securities with
the legend set forth in Section 2.7(b) or a substantially similar legend with respect to Company Securities subject to
the foregoing restriction until the end of the Lock-up Period. Each holder of Registrable Securities agrees to execute a market standoff
agreement with said underwriters in customary form consistent with the provisions of this Section 2.7.


 






    8 


     


    

 


(b)            The
Company may stamp each certificate or other document representing Company Securities with the following legend or a substantially similar
legend with respect to Company Securities subject to the restriction set forth in Section 2.7(a) until the end of the
Lock-up Period:


 


“THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY
THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS ON TRANSFER SPECIFIED IN THE REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT DATED ON OR ABOUT AUGUST 3,
2021, BY AND AMONG THE COMPANY AND THE OTHER PARTIES THERETO, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED, RESTATED OR OTHERWISE MODIFIED FROM TIME
TO TIME. UPON WRITTEN REQUEST, A COPY OF SUCH CONDITIONS WILL BE FURNISHED BY THE COMPANY TO THE HOLDER HEREOF WITHOUT CHARGE.”


 


(c)            The
Company and each Investor that is subject to a lock-up agreement contained in a stockholder or other agreement between such Investor and
the Company hereby acknowledge and agree that all Company Securities held by such Investor shall be subject to the lock up agreements
contained in such other agreement and not this Section 2.7.


 


(d)            For
the avoidance of doubt, the Company further acknowledges and agrees that, notwithstanding the fact that the I-Pulse Notes may be exchanged
into Exchange Shares at any time from and after the closing date of a Qualifying IVNE IPO and prior to the maturity date of the I-Pulse
Notes, any lock-up period specified pursuant to Section 2.7(a) shall commence upon the effective date of the registration statement
for a Qualifying IVNE IPO regardless of whether the I-Pulse Notes are exchanged at such time or thereafter.


 


2.8            Termination
and Effective Termination. This Agreement shall terminate either (a) in accordance with Section 2.1(b) or (b) upon
the date on which the Investors no longer hold any Registrable Securities, except in each case for the provisions of Section 2.6,
which shall survive any such termination of this Agreement. No termination under this Agreement shall relieve any Person of liability
for breach of Section 2.5 for expenses incurred prior to termination.


 


Article 3

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS


 


3.1            Counterparts.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall serve as an original of the party executing the same,
but all of which shall constitute but one and the same Agreement.


 


3.2            Binding
Agreement. This Agreement shall be binding upon the parties hereto, their heirs, administrators, executors, successors and assigns,
and the parties hereto do covenant and agree that they themselves and their heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns shall
execute any and all instruments, releases, assignments, and consents that may be required of them in accordance with the provisions of
this Agreement.


 


3.3            Headings.
All headings set forth in this Agreement are intended for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning, construction or
effect of this Agreement or of any of the provisions hereof.


 






    9 


     


    

 


3.4            Other
Interpretive Matters. For purposes of this Agreement, (a) when calculating the period of time before which, within which or following
which any act is to be done or step taken pursuant to this Agreement, the date that is the reference date in calculating such period is
excluded, and if the last day of such period is a non-Business Day, the period in question ends on the next succeeding Business Day, (b) unless
the context otherwise requires, all references in this Agreement to any “Article,” “Section,” “Schedule”
or “Exhibit” are to the corresponding Article, Section, Schedule or Exhibit of this Agreement, and (c) the word
 “including,” or any variation thereof, means “including, without limitation” and does not limit
any general statement that it follows to the specific or similar items or matters immediately following it.


 


3.5            Singular
and Plural. As used herein, the singular shall include the plural, the plural shall include the singular and any use of the male or
female gender shall include the other gender, all wherever the same shall be applicable and when the context shall admit or require.


 


3.6            Enforceability.
The determination by a court of competent jurisdiction that any particular provision of this Agreement is unenforceable or invalid shall
not affect the enforceability of or invalidate the other provisions hereof, and this Agreement shall be construed in all respects as if
such invalid or unenforceable provisions had never been part hereof and were omitted from this Agreement. Upon such a determination, the
parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to affect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible
so that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible.


 


3.7            Waivers.
Any waiver, permission, consent or approval of any kind or nature by any party hereto, of any breach or default under this Agreement,
or any waiver of any provision of this Agreement by any party hereto, must be in writing and shall be effective only in the specific instance
and for the specific purpose given, and shall be effective only to the extent in such writing specifically set forth, and the same shall
not operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach, default, provision or condition of this Agreement by any party hereto,
including the party to whom originally given.


 


3.8            Amendments.
This Agreement may be amended, modified or waived in whole or in part only by a writing signed by holders of Registrable Securities that,
as of the effective date of such amendment, modification or waiver, own a majority of the Registrable Securities then outstanding or issuable
upon conversion of the IVNE Notes, and the Company. Each such amendment, modification, extension or termination shall be binding upon
each party hereto.


 


3.9            Notices.
Any notice required or permitted hereunder shall be given in writing, addressed to the notice recipient at the address shown on Schedule
B hereto. If the Company is the notice recipient, the notice shall be copied via email to the Company’s Corporate Secretary
at the email address noted on Schedule B. The notice shall be sent by first class mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested,
by nationally recognized overnight parcel delivery service for next day delivery by facsimile or other electronic communication; or by
hand delivery with a receipt confirmation requested. Notice given in accordance with this paragraph shall be presumed to have been delivered
and received five (5) days after mailing if sent by first class mail, one day after mailing if sent for next day delivery by overnight
parcel delivery service, and on the day of delivery if by facsimile or other electronic communication or hand delivered.


 






    10 


     


    

 


3.10            Entire
Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes
all prior agreements and understandings of the parties hereto, oral or written, with respect to the subject matter hereof.


 


3.11            Assignment
of Rights.


 


The rights of the Investors
hereunder may be assigned (but only with all related obligations as set forth below) in connection with a transfer of Company Securities
to a Permitted Transferee of the Investor; provided, however, that (i) the transferor shall, within ten (10) days
after such transfer, furnish the Company with written notice of the name and address of such transferee or assignee and the securities
with respect to which such registration rights are being assigned; and (ii) such transferee acquired such Registrable Securities
in a transaction that complied with the Subscription Agreement and shall agree to be subject to all applicable restrictions set forth
in the Subscription Agreement and this Agreement. Without prejudice to any other or similar conditions imposed hereunder with respect
to any such transfer, no assignment permitted under the terms of this Section 3.11 will be effective unless the transferee to which
the assignment is being made, if not an Investor, has delivered to the Company an executed copy of the Joinder. For the avoidance of doubt,
no assignment, transfer or other disposition of Company Securities may be made by any Investor (other than any Investor that is subject
to a lock-up agreement contained in a stockholder or other agreement between such Investor and the Company) unless the transferee agrees
in writing to be bound by the provisions of Section 2.7.


 


3.12            Regulation
S.


 


Notwithstanding anything in
this Agreement to the contrary, none of the Investor or its Permitted Transferees will offer, sell or otherwise dispose of any Conversion
Shares in the United States or to a U.S. Person (as defined in Rule 902(k) of Regulation S under the Securities Act) unless
such offer, sale or disposition is made in accordance with an exemption from the registration requirements under the Securities Act and
the securities laws of all applicable states of the United States or the Commission has declared effective a registration statement in
respect of such Conversion Shares.


 


3.13            Successors
and Assigns. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, this Agreement shall benefit and bind the successors, permitted
assigns, heirs, executors and administrators of the parties to this Agreement.


 


3.14            Stock
Splits, Etc. All references to numbers of shares in this Agreement shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect any stock dividend,
split, combination, recapitalization of shares or membership interests or other similar transaction occurring after the date of this Agreement.


 


3.15            Remedies.
Each party, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific
performance of its rights under this Agreement. All parties hereto agree that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for
any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Agreement and hereby agrees to waive the defense in any action
for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.


 






    11 


     


    

 


3.16            Governing
Law. This Agreement shall be deemed to be a contract governed by the laws of the State of Delaware and shall for all purposes (whether
in contract or in tort) be construed in accordance with the laws of such state, without reference to the conflicts of laws provisions
thereof.


 


3.17            Submission
to Jurisdiction. The parties hereto hereby irrevocably submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Delaware sitting in
New Castle County over any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, and each party hereto hereby irrevocably
agrees that all claims in respect of such action or proceeding may be heard and determined in such courts. The parties hereto hereby irrevocably
waive any objection which they may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of such action or proceeding brought in such court or
any claim that such action or proceeding brought in such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. Each of the parties hereto hereby
irrevocably consents to process being served by any party to this Agreement in any action or proceeding by delivery of a copy thereof
in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.9.


 


3.18            Waiver
of Jury Trial. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO
TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.


 


3.19            Representations
and Warranties. Each party hereto represents and warrants to each other party hereto that
(a) it is authorized to execute this Agreement, (b) it has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement and perform
its obligations hereunder, (c) this Agreement is duly executed and delivered by it and constitutes the valid and binding agreement
of such party, enforceable against such party in accordance with its terms, and (d) it has full knowledge of the terms of this Agreement
and has consented to this Agreement.


 


[THE REMAINDER OF THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK.]


 






    12 


     


    

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties have caused this Registration Rights Agreement to be executed, by their duly authorized officers or agents where applicable,
as of the same day and year first above written.


 


	 	IVANHOE ELECTRIC INC.
	 	 
	 	 
		By:	 
			Name:
	 	 	 
	 	Title:
	 	 
	 	 
		INVESTOR:
	 	 
		[________________________]
	 	 
	 	 
		By:	 
	 		Name:
	 	 	 
		Title:




 


[Signature page to Registration Rights Agreement]  





 






     


     


    

 


EXHIBIT A


 


FORM OF JOINDER AGREEMENT


 


This
JOINDER AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of     20___,
is entered into by and between IVANHOE ELECTRIC INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and _____________ (“Joining
Party”).


 


RECITALS


 


WHEREAS, the Company
and certain other parties are parties to a Registration Rights Agreement dated as of ●, 2021 (the “Registration Rights
Agreement”);


 


WHEREAS, in accordance
with the terms of the Registration Rights Agreement, upon the transfer or sale of any Company Securities, the transferee must join the
Registration Statement as a party thereto;


 


WHEREAS, _____________
has transferred Company Securities to Joining Party pursuant to _____________; and


 


WHEREAS, Joining Party
agrees to be bound by the Registration Rights Agreement.


 


NOW, THEREFORE,
for good and valuable consideration, receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally
bound hereby, agree as follows:


 


1.            All
defined terms used but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings ascribed to such terms in the Registration Rights Agreement.


 


2.            Joining
Party acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Registration Rights Agreement and, after review and examination thereof, agrees to be bound
as an Investor by all the terms and provisions thereof.


 


3.            The
Company hereby (a) accepts Joining Party’s agreement to be bound as an Investor by the Registration Rights Agreement and (b) agrees
that the Registration Rights Agreement is hereby amended to include Joining Party as a party thereto.


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have
duly executed this Joinder Agreement as of the day and year first above written.


 


	 	IVANHOE ELECTRIC INC.
	 
	 
		By:	   
		Name:
	 	Title:
	 
	 
	 
	 	[JOINING PARTY]
	 
	 
		By:	   
		Name:
		Title: