FILED U.S. COURT OF AP P EALS E LEVEN T HC IRC UIT FEB RUARY 1, 2008 THOMAS K. KAH

N CLERK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H]

I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 07- 12036 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D. C. Do c k e tNo . 9 5 - 0 6 0 3 1 - CR - KLR U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s T R A C Y T O P A Z T U RN E R , a .k .a . T r a c yT h o m a s , a .k .a . T o n yB r o w , a .k .a . T o n yH . B r o w n , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe S outhe rn D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( F e b r u ar y 1, 2008) B efo re B IR C H , D U B IN A an d F A Y , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M:2

T ra cyT op az T urner, a f eder al pri soner procee di ng pro se, appeal s the deni al of hi s m ot i on f

orar e duc t i on i n s e nt e nc e ba s e d on A m e ndm e nt484 t o the S e nt e nc i ng G ui de l i ne s , f i l e d pur s ua ntt o 18 U . S . C § 3582( c ) ( 2) , a nd s ubs e que nt m o tio n f o rr e c o n s id e r a tio n . T u rn e ra r g u e s th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt ab u s e d its d i scret i o n i n d en yi n g h i s § 3 5 8 2 m o t i o n an d h i s m o t i o n fo r reco n si d erat i o n b ecau se A m e n d m e n t 4 8 4 is r e tr o a c tiv e a n d , a c c o r d in g ly , s h o u ldb e ap p lie d to a d ju s t h is s e n te n c e . S p e c if

ic a lly , T u rn e ra r g u e s th a t th e d is tr ic t c o u rt e rr e d in s e n te n c in g h im base d o n a fi nd i ng thathe w as re spon si bl e f or 61 . 4 g ra m s of c ocai ne base (“ cr ac k coca i ne”) because the drug s s ei ze d i n the ca se w er e w etatthe t i m e they w er e w ei gh ed and anal yz ed. T urner as se rt s thatA m endm ent48 4 d i ct at es thatw at er w e ig h t m u s t b e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e w e ig h t o f

u s ab le c r a c kc o c a in e a ttr ib u tab le to hi s c onduc t . A c c or di ngl y , T urne rc ont e nds tha tw e s houl d r e m a nd f orr e s e nt e nc i ng i n o rdert o rec al cul at e the drug qu ant i ty a ttri bu t abl e t o h i s c on du ctbase d o n i t s dry w e i g h t . Fo rth e r e a s o n s s e tf o rth mo r e f

u l l yb e l o w , w e a f

f i rm. I n 1995, af

e de r a l gr a nd j uryi ndi c t e d T urne ra nd c ode f e nda nt s C l i nt on B u rn s a n d N o rm a n R o b in s o n f o ro n e c o u n t o f

c o n s p ir a c yto p o s s e s s w ith in te n t to d i s tr i b u t e c r a c kc o c a i n e , i n v i o l a t i o n o f 2 1 U. S . C . § § 8 4 6 , 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) , a n d two c ount s of pos s e s s i on w i th i nt e ntt o di s tr i but e c r a c k c oc a i ne , i n vi ol a t i on of 21 U .S .C . § 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 ) a n d 1 8 U .S .C . § 2 .3

F ol l ow i ng aj urytr i a l , T urne rw a s f ound gui l tyon a l l thr e e c ount s . T he di s tr i c tc ourts e nt e nc e d T urne rt o c onc urr e ntt e rm s of 360 m onths ’ i m pr i s onm e nt as t o eac h cou nt . W e a ff i rm ed T urner’ s c on vi ct i on and sent ence . T urner s u b s e q u e n t l yf

i l e d th e i n s t a n tmo t i o n t o r e d u c e h i s s e n t e n c e , p u r s u a n tt o 1 8 U . S. C. § 3582( c ) ( 2) , w hi c h the di s tr i c tc ourts um m a r i l yde ni e d. T urne rthe n f i l e d a m ot i on f orr e c ons i de r a t i on, s ty l e d a s aF e d. R . C i v. P . 59( e ) m ot i on t o a l t e rora m e nd j udgm e nt , w hi c h the di s tr i c tc ourta l s o de ni e d. W e r e vi e w f

orabus e of

di s c r e t i on the di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s de ni a l of a§ 3582( c ) ( 2) m o tio n to r e d u c e as e n te n c e . U n ite d S ta te s v . W h ite , 3 0 5 F .3 d 1 2 6 4 , 1 2 6 7 ( 1 1 th C i r. 20 02 ) ( per c uri am ) ( ci t at i on om i tt ed). P ursuantt o § 35 82 (c )( 2), a di stri ctcourt m aym od i fyan i m po se d t erm of i m pri sonm ent“ i n the ca se of a def endantw ho has been se nt ence d t o a t erm of i m pri sonm entbase d o n a se nt enci ng rang e thathas s u b s e q u e n t l yb e e n l o w e r e d b yth e Se n t e n c i n g Co mmi s s i o n . ” 1 8 U . S. C. § 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) . A n a m e n d m e n t is r e tr o a c tiv e f o rp u rp o s e s o f

§ 3 5 8 2 ( c ) ( 2 ) o n lyif

it i s l i s t e d i n U . S . S . G . § 1B 1. 10( c ) . U ni t e d S t a t e s v. A rm s tr ong, 347 F . 3d 905, 907 ( 1 1 th C ir . 2 0 0 3 ) ; U .S .S .G . § 1 B 1 .1 0 ( a ) a n d c o m m e n t. ( n .1 ) . A m e ndm e nt484 t o the s e nt e nc i ng gui de l i ne s , w hi c h be c a m e e f f e c t i ve on N ove m be r1, 1993, pr ovi de s , i n pe rt i ne ntpa rt , tha t , f ors e nt e nc i ng purpos e s , the d e f i n i t i o n o f “ m i x tu r e o rs u b s t a n c e ” a s u s e d i n 2 1 U. S . C . § 8 4 1 a n d U. S . S . G.4

§ 2 D 1. 1 “ do es no ti ncl ud e m at er i al s thatm ustbe se para t ed fr om the control l ed s ubs t a nc e be f

or e the c ontr ol l e d s ubs t a nc e c a n be us e d. ” U . S . S . G . A pp. C , A m e nd. 484. T he S e nt e nc i ng C om m i s s i on w e nton t o e xpl a i n tha tthe am e ndm e nt a ddr e s s e s c a s e s w he r e “ ac ontr ol l e d s ubs t a nc e [ i s ] bonde d t o, ors us pe nde d i n, another s ub st ance (e . g. , coca i ne m i xed w i th b ee sw ax); ho w ever , the control l ed su b st an ce i s n o tu sab l e u n t i l i ti s sep arat ed fro m th e o th er su b st an ce. ” Id . B ecau se thi s a m e ndm e nti s l i s t e d i n U . S . S . G . § 1B 1. 10( c ) , i ti s a va i l abl e r e tr oa c t i ve l ya nd m a ypr ovi de the ba s i s f orar e duc e d s e nt e nc e unde r§ 3582( c ) ( 2) . A rm s tr ong, 347 F .3 d a t 9 0 7 ; U .S .S .G . § 1 B 1 .1 0 ( a ) a n d ( c ) , c o m m e n t. ( n .1 ) . In th e in stan t cas e, alth o u g h A m en d m en t 4 8 4 is re tro ac ti v e, T u rn er ’s ar gu m entfa i l s bec ause the am endm entdo es no tappl y t o h i s c as e. B ec ause T urner w as se nt ence d i n 1 99 5, A m endm ent48 4, w hi ch became eff ec t i ve i n N ov em ber 1 9 9 3 , i s n o ta “ su b seq u en t ” am en d m en tw i th i n th e m ean i n g o f § 3 5 8 2 (c)(2 ). T h u s, the di stri ctcourtdi d n othave j uri sdi ct i on t o con si der T urner’ s m ot i on . S ee U ni t ed S t a t e s v. S t os s e l , 348 F . 3d 1320, 1322 n. 2 ( 11th C i r . 2003) ( s t a t i ng tha tam ot i on c o u ld b e a d d r e s s e d u n d e r§ 3 5 8 2 ( c ) o n lyif th e ap p e lla n t w a s a r g u in g th a t h is s e nt e nc e s houl d be m odi f i e d “ ba s e d on as ubs e que nts e nt e nc i ng gui de l i ne a m e n d m e n t” ) . A c c o r d in g ly , th e d is tr ic t c o u rt d idn o t ab u s e its d is c r e tio n in d e n y i n g Tu rn e r ’ s mo t i o n f o ras e n t e n c e r e d u c t i o n p u r s u a n tt o 1 8 U . S. C.5

§ 3582( c ) ( 2) orhi s m ot i on f orr e c ons i de r a t i on. I n l i g h to f

th e f o r e g o i n g , th e d i s tr i c tc o u rt ’ s d e n i a l o f Tu rn e r ’ s 1 8 U . S. C. § 3 5 8 2 (c)(2 ) m o t i o n fo r red u ct i o n o f h i s sen t en ce i s AF F I RME D.