# Patent

## Title
Systems for glulam beams

## Abstract

A method and a system for glulams fabrication, comprising obtaining wood pieces of a target length from raw materials; and assembling them into structural timbers of a target thickness in a continuous line, whereby moisture content, end joints, mixing and applying of adhesives, glue line pressure and clamping time are continuously controlled.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a divisional application of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/100,015, filed Apr. 9, 2008, and entitled “Method and System for Glulam Beams,” which is incorporated herein by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to wood engineering. More specifically, the present invention is concerned with a glulams fabrication system and method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
One the one hand, glued laminated timber, also called laminated timber beams, glue-laminated beams or glulam, is a structural timber product composed of several layers of dimensioned lumber glued together. By laminating several smaller pieces of wood, a single large, strong, structural member can be manufactured from smaller timbers, for use as ridge beams, garage door headers and floor beams, vertical columns or horizontal beams, often in curved, arching shapes for example. Glulam structural members thus make use of smaller and less desirable dimensions of timber, yet are engineered to be stronger than similarly sized members comprised of solid wood. Glued laminated beams are used in a wide range of applications in both commercial and residential construction.
On the other hand, solid dimensional lumber lengths typically max out at lengths of 22′ to 24′, but may be made longer by the technique of “finger-jointing” lumber by using small solid pieces, usually 18′′ to 24′′ long, and joining them together using finger-joints and glue to produce lengths that can be up to 36′ long in 2×6 size for example.
There is still a need in the art for a method and a system for fabricating glulam beams.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
More specifically, there is provided a method for glulams fabrication, comprising obtaining wood pieces of a target length from raw materials; and assembling the wood pieces of the target length into structural timbers of a target thickness; in a continuous line at a rate of up to 500-600 linear feet/minute, whereby moisture content, end joints, mixing and applying of adhesives, glue line pressure and clamping time are continuously controlled.
There is further provided a system for fabrication of glulams, comprising a finger-jointing unit providing wood pieces of a target length; and a beam forming unit; wherein the wood pieces of the target length produced by the finger-jointing unit are directly processed by the beam forming unit into glulams.
Other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the appended drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a system according to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematical view of the system of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of another aspect of the present invention.



DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
A system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in relation to FIGS. 1 and 2.
The system 10 generally comprises a finger jointing unit and a beam-forming unit 22.
A raw material reception station 14 is provided for reception of raw materials, i.e. sawn, dried and graded wood pieces. A feeder 24 is used to provide the wood pieces to the finger jointing unit, at a rate of about 180 lugs/minute and adjustable by a variable frequency drive (see FIG. 2).
The finger-jointing unit includes a joint machining station 16, a joint insertion station 18 and a sizing station 20.
The joint machining station 16 comprises a double shaper for joint machining and glue application inside the joints. The glue is injected using a glue applicator, from an adhesive tank 27 (see FIG. 2, for example). Up to 180 lugs may be processed by minute, at a rate adjustable by a variable frequency drive, including dynamic braking.
An automatic transfer 30 transfers the wood pieces with their glued joints from the double shaper 16 to the joint insertion station 18, at a rate of up to 180 lugs/minute adjustable by a variable frequency drive.
The joint insertion station 18 comprises an assembly machine 26 for inserting the joints one by one, and a high capacity crowder 28 used to apply pressure.
The sizing station 20 comprises a planer 32 and a flying saw 34. The planer 32 is for planning or surfacing the joint wood pieces by means of a rapidly revolving cutter, which chips off the rough surface in many shavings. The wood pieces are passed over or under the revolving cutter by power feed, leaving a smooth or finished surface, thereby ensuring ensure clean and parallel surfaces before gluing. The planer thus surfaces the wood pieces and reduces them to a uniform thickness, at a rate between 100 and 600 feet per minute. The flying saw 34 allows cutting the pieces of wood to predetermined lengths from the continuously incoming joint-ended pieces of wood, at a rate of up to 400′ (120 m) per minute.
The beam forming unit 22 comprises a conveyer feeder 36, an adhesive distribution system 38 for application of adhesive on the surfaces of the joint-ended pieces of wood, a stacking beam system 40 for assembling the thus adhesive-covered joint-ended pieces of wood into a pre-determined lay-up pattern, and an oven 46 for adhesive hardening. The oven 46 comprises a conveyer oven entry 48, a lamination oven 50 using radio technology and a hydraulic system for applying pressure, an exit conveyer 52, and a beam recovery system and beam accumulation transfer means 54, as detailed in FIG. 2 for example.
It is to be noted that raw material consisting of laminations for example, may be fed from a second raw material entry 14′ (see FIG. 1), and directly processed by the beam forming 22.
Then, a finishing station 42 typically comprises conveyers 56, a precision end trim saw 58 for trimming, a planer 60 for commercial sizing of the four faces, and an exit transfer 62
Tables 1 and 2 below give examples of raw materials used and finished products (i.e. structural glue laminated beams) obtained, respectively, for reference)











TABLE 1










AFTER DRYING














Thickness
Width
Pieces/



SIZE
(′′)
(′′)
package







1 × 3
1,173
2,653
594



1 × 4
1,174
3,613
432



2 × 3
1,647
2,692
418



2 × 2
1,732
2,231
494



2 × 4
1,630
3,664
304



2 × 6
1,660
5,700
160



2 × 8
1,660
6,700
160




















TABLE 2







Products
Dimensions









Length
8′ to 52′



Width
13⁄4′′ to 71⁄2′′



Height
31⁄2′′ to 30′′










Dust collecting units 60 are distributed along the line, so as to collect saw dust that would otherwise contaminate the system and be harmful for the workers around.
A method 100 according to an embodiment of a further aspect of the present invention generally comprises feeding sawn, dried and graded wood pieces (110), obtaining wood pieces of a target length (step 200); and assembling them to yield structural timbers of a target thickness (step 300), in a continuous line.
Species of wood used have known structural capacity, such as black spruce of a density of about 28.04 and jack pine of a density of about 24.92 for example, which are resistant softwoods. The raw lumbers are sawn, dried and graded. The moisture content of the pieces of wood is determined with a meter that checks the moisture thereof prior to adhesive application on the pieces of wood.
Generally, the moisture content of the wood pieces is to be below 16% at the time of bonding, except when it is known that the equilibrium moisture content of the final product in use is 16% or more. In such case, the moisture content of the wood pieces at the time of bonding may be up to 20%. Wood pieces with moisture content greater than the given threshold (such as 20% for example) are re-dried, through air-drying or kiln drying for example. The average range of moisture content of the resulting finished beams shall not exceed 5%.
Moisture content of a finished timber is based on the average content of the cross section thereof whereas the moisture content of a wood piece to be layered is based on the average moisture content along its length.
In step 200, the sawn, dried and graded lumbers are finger-jointed (end-jointed) together using finger-joints and glue to produce wood pieces of a target length, which is the length of the finished glulam, generally greater than the length commonly available from as-sawn lumbers. The lumbers are thus joined to produce longer lengths, which are then machined on both ends with a shaper such as a cutter head. A structural resin is applied and the joints are mated. A polyurethane adhesive with a woodbonding resin, such as a mix UX-100/WD3-A322 for example, may be used. The resin is cured with the joint under pressure in an assembly machine 26 and crowder 28. The end jointed wood pieces are planed on both sides to yield boards with clean, parallel surfaces for gluing. Once the end-jointed lumbers have been planed into boards, flanges are cut by a flying saw to obtain desired lengths.
It is to be noted that there is no need for a drying step between steps 200 and 300. Moreover, there is no need to perform continuous traction tests on the end jointed lumbers.
In step 300, a high quality permanent adhesive is spread onto the end-joint boards with a glue extruder. A crosslinking agent such as CX-47 and woodbonding resin such as WD3-A322 for example are used. Table 3 below shows characteristics of adhesives and cross-linking agents that may be used.
















TABLE 3








Viscosity



Flash
Pounds
Freeze


Adhesive

Solids
Brookfield,

Specific
PH at
Point
per
thaw


name
Appearance
(%)
cps
Spindle
Gravity
25° C.
° F.
gallon
Stability
























WD3-A322
White,
53.5-57.0
1000-2000
N° 4 @ 10 rpm.
1.09
4.5-6.0
>200
9.1
Yes


Woodbonding
opaque fluid


25° C. =


adhesive resin



3000-6000


CX-47 Cross
White,
43.0-46.0
4500-6000
N° 4 @ 10 rpm.
1.15-1.25
6.0-7.0
>200
10
None


Linking agent
opaque fluid


25° C.


UX-100
Amber
100%
—
N° 4 @ 10 rpm,
1.10-1.20
—
460
9.3-10.0
—


Polyurethane
Viscous
Solvent

25° C. =


polymer adhesive
liquid
free

3,000-6,000









The end-joint boards, once thus resin coated, are clamped together into a pre-determined lay-up pattern inside a stacking beam system by a hydraulic system inside a radio frequency oven, so that the stacked boards are submitted to heat and pressure. Pressure is to be maintained during a period of time sufficient to ensure close contact between the boards while not over-stressing glue-lines during the development of the bond strength. The average cooking time may be comprised between 3 and 7 minutes per section of 16 feet wood pieces, at a temperature between 149 and 194° F. (i.e. between 65 and 90° C.) and under a pressure comprised between 1100 and 1500 psi (i.e. between 7584 and 10 342 kPa). After the resulting timbers are removed from the oven by the hydraulic system, their wide faces (sides) may be planed or sanded to remove beads of resin that may have squeezed out between the boards. Their narrow faces (top and bottom) may be lightly planed or sanded depending on appearance requirements. Their edges (corners) may be squared (90 degrees). The specified appearance of the desired timbers dictates whether additional finishing is required at this point. For example, knotholes may be filled with putty patches and the timbers may be further sanded. End sealers may be further applied to the timbers. Then, the finished timbers are wrapped, attached and shipped.
There is therefore provided a continuous system and method for producing glulams, at a rate of up to 500-600 linear feet/minute, in a single line, wherein moisture content, end joints, mixing and applying of adhesives, glue line pressure and clamping time are continuously controlled to turn low value logs into high grade lumber, at a competitive cost.
An average time duration from the raw material to the glulams is about 15 to 20 minutes since the jointed boards go directly to the stacking and gluing step, whereas in the case of standards installations where jointing and stacking are made in different lines, due to the need of transfer, transient storage and intermediate glue drying, the process may take about 12 hours. Such a reduced time allows a tighter control of glue adhesion for example, and yields an increased quality of the end products.
Since the glulams are made from smaller pieces of wood, which can easily be bent, curved glulam beams may be fabricated.
The finished timbers are structural glue laminated beams have increased strength capabilities compared with the starting products, and meet high quality standards, in terms of shearing resistance, delamination resistance, fire resistance, dimensional stability and traction properties.
Glulam of the present invention may be used in a range of structures for architectural and structural purposes, including domestic construction, recreational buildings, industrial strictures requiring large column free spaces, and other structural uses.
Although the present invention has been described hereinabove by way of embodiments thereof, it may be modified, without departing from the nature and teachings of the subject invention as defined in the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A system for continuous fabrication of glulams, comprising:
a finger-jointing unit providing wood pieces of a target length; and
a beam forming unit;
wherein the wood pieces of the target length produced by said finger-jointing unit are directly processed by said beam forming unit into glulams;
wherein said finger-jointing unit comprises a joint machining station, a joint insertion station and a sizing station, said sizing station leading to said beam forming unit, said beam forming unit comprising an adhesive distribution system for application of adhesive on surfaces of joint-ended pieces of wood delivered from the finger-jointing unit, a stacking beam system for assembling the adhesive-covered joint-ended pieces of wood into a pre-determined lay-up pattern, and an oven for adhesive hardening; and
wherein the wood pieces of the target length produced by said finger-jointing unit are surfaced, at a rate between about 100 feet and 600 feet per minute, and cut at a rate of up to about 400 feet per minute at said sizing station.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein said finger-jointing unit receives raw materials at a rate of about 180 lugs/minute.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein said joint machining station comprises a double shaper for joint machining and glue application inside joints, at a rate of up to 180 lugs by minute, said joint insertion station comprises an assembly machine for inserting the joints one by one and a high capacity crowder used to apply pressure.

4. The system of claim 1, comprising a conveyer feeder between said finger-jointing unit and said beam forming unit; said beam forming unit comprising an adhesive distribution system, a stacking beam system and an oven; wherein said conveyer feeder feeds the wood pieces of the target length produced by said finger-jointing to the adhesive distribution system for application of adhesive on surfaces of said wood pieces of the target length before said wood pieces are assembled into a pre-determined lay-up pattern by the stacking beam system, and placed in the oven for adhesive hardening.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein said oven comprises a lamination oven using radio technology and a hydraulic system for applying pressure.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a finishing station for commercial sizing of the glulams.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein said finger-jointing unit provides wood pieces of a target length from pieces of resistant softwoods.