# Patent

## Title
Systems and methods for managing policies on a computer

## Abstract

An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for managing policies on a computer having a foreign operating system. Policies may specify hardware or software configuration information. Policies on a first computer with a native operating system are translated into configuration information usable on a second computer having a foreign operating system. In an embodiment, a translator manager manages the association between the policy on the first computer and the translator on the second computer. Computer management complexity and information technology management costs are reduced by centralizing computer management on the native operating system. Further reductions in management complexity are realized when the present invention is used in conjunction with network directory services.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/888,845, filed Jul. 9, 2004, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to managing groups of computers and more particularly relates to managing policies for configuring hardware or software settings on groups of computers with a plurality of operating systems.
2. Description of the Related Art
A major concern of information technology management in corporations and other organizations has been balancing the complexity associated with managing large numbers of computers with the needs of individual users as they try to accomplish their tasks. A heterogeneous set of computer hardware, operating systems, and application software creates complexity and increased costs, but various combinations of hardware, operating systems, and software provide technical advantages when used as user workstations, departmental servers, corporate infrastructure equipment, and the like. User workstations are particularly difficult to manage when various needs and preferences of individual users are accommodated. For example, an engineer may require the use of a CAD system that runs only on the UNIX operating system, where other corporate users may be standardized on the MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system and associated applications. Many similar compatibility issues exist among current computer systems.
One factor that adds to the complexity of managing various operating systems is that different operating systems employ different techniques for setting configuration information. For example, MICROSOFT WINDOWS and applications that run on Windows typically use a database, called the registry, to store configuration information. Computers running the UNIX operating system or derivatives thereof such as LINUX typically store configuration information in plain text files in particular locations in the file system directory. Information technology managers within an organization that uses heterogeneous operating systems typically institute separate sets of management procedures and standards for each operating system used in the organization.
One component of prior art solutions to the problem of managing large numbers of computers and users is the use of policies. Policies are used to set configurable options associated with an operating system or application program for a group of computer users. For example, a word processing program may have an option to select an American English dictionary or a British English dictionary. By creating one policy for its users in the United States and another policy for its users in England, an organization can set the appropriate option for all users without configuring each user's computer individually.
Another component of prior art solutions to the problem of managing groups of computers and users is the use of network directory services. Directory services provide an infrastructure to store and access information about network-based entities, such as applications, files, printers, and people. Directory services provide a consistent way to name, describe, locate access, manage, and secure information about these resources. The directories associated with directory services are typically hierarchical structures such as a tree with each node in the hierarchy capable of storing information in a unit often referred to as a container. Enterprises may use directory servers and directory services to centrally manage data that is accessed from geographically dispersed locations.
For example, corporations typically create network directory trees that mirror their corporate organizations. Information about individual employees, such as their employee number, telephone number, and hire date may be stored in a user object corresponding to each user in the directory tree. An organizational unit container representing each department may contain the user objects associated with each employee in the department. Organizational unit objects associated with each corporate division may contain the department organizational unit objects associated with each department in the division. Finally, an organization container representing the corporation as a whole may contain the company's division organizational unit objects.
Combining the use of policies and directory services facilitates management of groups of computers and users. Policies may be associated with the various containers in the directory services tree to store associated configuration information at the organization, division, or departmental level. For example, a policy may be associated with the Accounts Receivable container in a corporate organization to set options for the accounting program used in that department. Exceptions to the policy can be managed on an individual level, or by creating a group object and associating a policy with the group. Suppose, for example, that all employees in an organization use a software application with a particular set of configuration options, but department managers require a different set of options. A policy could be created with the basic set of options and associated with the organization container. A separate policy with the configuration options for managers could be created and assigned to a Managers user group object.
Using policies and directory services in combination has proven efficient in homogeneous operating system environments. Prior art computer management systems use policies targeted toward a specific operating system, referred to as the native operating system. From the point of view of prior art policy and policy management systems, other operating systems are considered to be foreign operating systems. However, the operating requirements of many organizations require information technology managers to manage multiple operating systems. The efficiencies associated with policies and directory services have not been realized in heterogeneous operating system environments. Since different operating systems use different approaches to setting configuration information, a policy associated with a directory services container may be applied to users of a native operating system that provided the policies, but there may not be a method for applying the policy for users of a foreign operating system.
From the foregoing discussion, it should be apparent that a need exists for an apparatus, system, and method that extend the use of policies to manage configuration information on computers having operating systems that are foreign to the policy creation and management environment. Beneficially, such an apparatus, system, and method would control cost and complexity associated with management of computers with heterogeneous operating systems within an organization. The benefits are multiplied when network directory services are used in conjunction with policies.
SUMMARY
The present invention has been developed in response to the present state of the art, and in particular, in response to the problems and needs in the art that have not yet been fully solved by currently available policy management systems. Accordingly, the present invention provides an apparatus, system, and method for managing policies on a computer having a foreign operating system that overcome many or all of the above-discussed shortcomings in the art.
In one aspect of the present invention, a method for managing policies on a computer having a foreign operating system includes providing a policy on a first computer with a native operating system, receiving the policy on a second computer with a foreign operating system, and translating the policy to configuration information usable on the second computer. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving the policy on the second computer at workstation start-up. The method also may include updating the policy at user login. These embodiments facilitate obtaining the current policy at the time they are typically needed by operating systems.
In further embodiments, the method includes polling the first computer at periodic intervals for changes to the policy. In these embodiments, configuration information usable on the second computer is updated to reflect changes in policy on the first computer, to keep the configuration information and policy closely synchronized. The method may also con include applying configuration information associated with directory services containers and objects. For example, a policy associated with a directory services organization container may be translated to configuration information that may then be applied to all users in the organization container.
In another aspect of the present invention, an apparatus to manage policies on a computer having a foreign operating system includes a policy on a first computer having a native operating system, a policy translator that translates the policy to configuration information usable on a second computer having foreign operating system, and a translator manager that manages the association between the policy on the first computer and the translator on the second computer. The apparatus, in one embodiment, is configured to manage configuration information usable on a second computer having a foreign operating system by means of policies on a first computer having a native operating system. A translator manager manages the association between the policy on the first computer, and a policy translator on the second computer.
The apparatus is further configured, in one embodiment, to include policies associated with network directory services containers and objects. Policies may be associated, for example, with organization containers, organizational unit containers, and user objects, facilitating the configuration of hardware or software information for groups of computer users at a corporate, department, or individual level.
Various elements of the present invention may be combined into a system arranged to carry out the functions or steps presented above. In one embodiment, the system includes two computers, the first having a native operating system and the second having a foreign operating system. In particular, the system, in one embodiment, includes a directory services server and database, a communications network, a policy, a policy editor, a policy template, a translator manager, and a policy translator.
Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present invention should be or are in any single embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, discussion of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the invention.
These features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order that the advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram depicting one embodiment of a typical prior art networking environment wherein the present invention may be deployed;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a prior art policy management apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a policy management system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram illustrating another embodiment of a policy management system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a provide translator method in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a policy translation method in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 7 is a text diagram illustrating one embodiment of policy translation example data in accordance with the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Many of the functional units described in this specification have been labeled as modules, in order to more particularly emphasize their implementation independence. For example, a module may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom VLSI circuits or gate arrays, off-the-shelf semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or other discrete components. A module may also be implemented in programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable array logic, programmable logic devices or the like.
Modules may also be implemented in software for execution by various types of processors. An identified module of executable code may, for instance, comprise one or more physical or logical blocks of computer instructions which may, for instance, be organized as an object, procedure, or function. Nevertheless, the executables of an identified module need not be physically located together, but may comprise disparate instructions stored in different locations which, when joined logically together, comprise the module and achieve the stated purpose for the module.
Indeed, a module of executable code could be a single instruction, or many instructions, and may even be distributed over several different code segments, among different programs, and across several memory devices. Similarly, operational data may be identified and illustrated herein within modules, and may be embodied in any suitable form and organized within any suitable type of data structure. The operational data may be collected as a single data set, or may be distributed over different locations including over different storage devices, and may exist, at least partially, merely as electronic signals on a system or network.
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,” and similar language throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics of the invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided, such as examples of programming, software modules, user selections, network transactions, database queries, database structures, hardware modules, hardware circuits, hardware chips, etc., to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a typical prior art networking environment 100 that demonstrates the issues regarding managing currently deployed enterprises. As depicted, the networking environment 100 includes one or more servers 110, a network 120, and one or more networked computers 130. The components of the networking environment 100 may reside at a single site or may be dispersed over multiple sites.
Some of the servers 110 may be directory servers or domain servers which can function as a registry for resources and users of the networking environment 100. The network 120 may include routers, bridges, hubs, gateways, or the like which facilitate communications among the components of the networking environment 100. Some of the networked computers 130 may execute legacy applications and operating systems that are unable to integrate with the servers 110 that are directory servers.
Some of the networked computers 130 may be used to run utility applications to manage the servers 110 that are directory servers and features of the directory service that runs on the servers 110. These networked computers 130 that manage the directory service typically do not include functionality to manage foreign operating systems that may run on other networked computers 130.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a prior art policy management apparatus 200. The prior art policy management apparatus 200 includes a policy template 210, a policy editor 220, a first computer 260 having a native operating system, and a second computer 270 having the same native operating system. The first computer 260 includes a policy manager 230a, a policy-related file 240, and a configuration information database 250a. The second computer 270 includes a policy manager 230b, and a configuration information database 250b. This apparatus is configured to efficiently manage a group of computers having like operating systems.
An administrative user may use a policy template 210 and a policy editor 220 to control the operation of the policy manager 230a. The policy template 210 and the policy editor 220 may be located on the first computer 260 or may be on another computer. The policy manager 230a may use a policy-related file 240 and settings (i.e. information) in a configuration information database 250a to record the policy settings created by the administrative user.
As a means for efficiently managing a group of computers with like operating systems, a policy manager 230b in a second computer 270 may be configured to obtain policy settings by reading from the policy-related file 240 or the configuration information con database 250a on the first computer 260, as represented by the dashed lines 233 and 236 in FIG. 2. The policy manager 230b may then make settings to the configuration information database 250b on the second computer 270.
The policy may include configuration information that applies specifically to the second computer 270, or to a specific user or any of a group of users of the second computer 270. Configuration information may be associated with network directory services containers and objects. For example, by associating configuration information with an organizational unit container, the behavior of an application can be controlled for all users in a company department. Configuration information maybe assigned to containers and objects at various levels in a directory services hierarchy, facilitating management of hardware and software configuration information at various organizational, geographical, or individual levels. For example, application configuration information may be associated with an organization container, organizational unit container, and user object in a network directory services hierarchy, resulting in application configuration options being assigned at corporate, departmental, and individual levels in an organization.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a policy management system 300 in accordance with the present invention. The depicted policy management system 300 includes a network 310, a first computer 320, and a second computer 340. The first computer 320 includes a policy template 322, a policy editor 324, a policy manager 230, a policy-related file 326, and a configuration information database 250. The depicted second computer 340 includes a translator manager 342, a translator 344, and a policy-related file 346. The policy management system 300 facilitates management of a group of computers with multiple operating systems by using the first computer 320 as a reference computer from which configuration information are replicated to other computers in a workgroup, or the like. The policy management system 300 depicted in FIG. 3 represents a peer-oriented embodiment of the present invention, where the first computer 320 and the second computer 340 are workstations, and no server is required.
An administrative user may use a policy template 322 and policy editor 324 to control the operation of the policy manager 230. The policy manager 230 may use a policy-related file 326 and settings or information in a configuration information database 250 to record the policy settings created by the administrative user. The translation manager 342 in the second computer 340 may be configured to obtain policy settings by reading from the policy-related file 326 and the configuration information database 250 on the first computer 320, as represented by the dashed lines 333 and 336 in FIG. 3. The translation manager 342 then passes the policy settings obtained from the first computer 320 to the translator 344 to translate to configuration information that may be stored in a policy-related file 346 on the second computer 340. In some embodiments, the translator 344 modifies configuration information stored in a plurality of files. The policy-related file 346 may not be exclusively dedicated to storing policy information. For example, the policy-related file 346 may contain non-policy data or code. In some embodiments, the operating system on the first computer 320 may provide an event notification system that notifies the translation manager 342 that changes have been made to the policy-related file 326 or the configuration information database 250.
FIG. 4 is schematic block diagram illustrating another embodiment of a policy management system 400 in accordance with the present invention. The policy management system 400 includes a server 410, network 310, a first computer 320, and a second computer 340. The server 410 includes a policy-related file 413, and a configuration information database 416. The first computer 320 includes a policy template 322, a policy editor 324, and a policy manager 230. The second computer 340 includes a translation manager 342, a translator 344, and a policy-related file 346. The policy management system 400 facilitates management of a group of computers having multiple operating systems by replicating configuration information from a server 410, such as a directory server. The policy management system 400 depicted in FIG. 4 represents a client-server-oriented embodiment of the present invention, where configuration information are stored on a server 410 and replicated to client workstations represented by the second computer 340.
As with the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3, an administrative user may use a policy template 322 and policy editor 324 to control the operation of the policy manager 230. In this embodiment, however, the policy manager 230 may use a policy-related file 413 and settings in a configuration information database 416 to record the policy settings created by the administrative user on a server 410. The translation manager 342 in the second computer 340 may be configured to obtain policy settings by reading from the policy-related file 413 and the configuration information database 416 on the server 410, as represented by the dashed lines 433 and 436 in FIG. 4. The translation manager 342 then passes the policy settings obtained from the first computer 320 to the translator 344 to translate to configuration information that may be stored in a policy-related file 346 on the second computer 340.
The following schematic flow chart diagrams that follow are generally set forth as logical flow chart diagrams. As such, the depicted order and labeled steps are indicative of one embodiment of the presented method. Other steps, methods, and orderings may be conceived that are equivalent in function, logic, or effect to one or more steps, or portions thereof, of the illustrated method.
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a provide translator method 500 in accordance with the present invention. The provide translator method 500 includes a provide policy template step 520, and a provide policy translator step 530. The provide translator method 500 provides modules that facilitate translation of policy settings from a native operating system to a foreign operating system.
The provide policy template step 520 provides a policy template such as the policy template 322 to be used in conjunction with the policy editor 324, or the like. As detailed in FIG. 3 and elsewhere, the policy template 322 constrains policy editing, such that policies created by the policy editor 324 conform to requirements of the first computer 320. For example, the policy template 322 may ensure that configuration information car delivered to the policy manager 230 conform to a required syntax, or that numerical values fall within a meaningful range. The provide policy template step 520 may provide a plug-in module to an operating system utility program. In some embodiments, the provide policy template step 520 provides a wizard program module that guides a user through the process of creating a policy.
The provide policy translator step 530 provides a translator 344 that translates configuration information from the first computer 320 having a native operating system to the second computer 340 having a foreign operating system. The provide policy translator step 530 may place the translator 344 in a file system directory known to the translator manager 342. In some embodiments, the provide policy translator step 530 may register the file system location of the translator 344 with the translator manager 342. Upon completion of the provide policy translator step 530, the provide translator method 500 ends 540.
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a policy translation method 600 in accordance with the present invention. The policy translation method 600 includes a provide policy step 620, a receive policy step 630, a translate policy step 640, an update configuration step 650, an update on start-up test 655, a wait for start-up step 660, an update on login test 665, a wait for login step 670, a refresh time test 675, and a terminate test 685. The policy translation method 600 translates policies on a first computer 320 having a native operating system to policies for a second computer 340 having a foreign operating system.
The provide policy step 620 provides a policy on the first computer 320 having a native operating system. The provide policy step 620 may be performed by an administrative user using a policy template 322, policy editor 324, and/or policy manager 230. The policy may be contained in a policy-related file 326 and a configuration information database 250 on the first computer 320. In some embodiments, the policy may be contained in a policy-related file 413 and a configuration information database 416 on a server 410, such as a directory server.
The receive policy step 630 receives the policy on the second computer 340 having a foreign operating system. The receive policy step 630 may be performed by a translator manager 342 on the second computer 340. The translator manager 342 may copy the policy from a policy-related file 326 and a configuration information database 250 on the first computer 320. In other embodiments, the translator manager 342 may copy the policy from a policy-related file 413 and a configuration information database 416 on a server 410, such as a directory server. The translator manager 342 transmits the policy to a translator 344.
The translate policy step 640 translates configuration information from the first computer 320 having a native operating system to the second computer 340 having a foreign operating system. The translate policy step 740 may be performed by a translator 344 on the second computer 340. The translator 344 receives the policy from the translator manager 342 and translates the policy to foreign operating system configuration information used by the second computer 340.
The update configuration step 650 applies the configuration information translated by the translator 344. The update configuration step 650 may be performed by a translator 344 on the second computer 340 having a foreign operating system. After translating the policy to foreign operating system configuration information, the translator 344 applies the policy by saving the configuration information in a policy-related file 346. In some embodiments, configuration information may be saved in a plurality of policy-related files 346.
The update on start-up test 655 determines whether the policy is to be applied at workstation start-up. A policy may contain configuration information for all users of the second computer 340. Many operating systems apply configuration information at workstation start-up. Updating configuration information on the second computer 340 during workstation start-up makes the updated settings available for application during the workstation start-up process. If the policy is to be updated at workstation start-up, the policy translation method 600 continues with the wait for start-up step 660, otherwise the policy translation method 600 continues with the update on login test 665.
The wait for start-up step 660 waits for the second computer 340 to reach a point in the workstation start-up process where computer resources are available for the second computer 340 to receive the policy from the first computer 320. The wait for start-up step 660 includes setting a configuration setting that causes the policy translation method 600 to continue with the receive policy step 630 at workstation start-up. The wait for start-up step 660 facilitates receiving the current version of the policy so that configuration information may be applied to the second computer 340 at workstation start-up, when many operating systems typically read configuration information. Updating a policy at workstation start-up is particularly advantageous to workstation-specific configuration information.
The update on login test 665 determines whether the policy is to be applied at user login. A policy may contain configuration information that applies to a specific user or any of a group of users of the second computer 340. In some embodiments, configuration information may be associated with network directory services containers and objects. For example, by associating configuration information with an organizational unit container, the behavior of an application can be controlled for all users in a company department. Updating configuration information on the second computer 340 makes the current version of the settings available for application for the user logging in. If the policy is to be updated at user login, the policy translation method 600 continues with the wait for login method 670, otherwise the policy translation method 600 continues with the refresh time test 675.
The wait for login step 670 waits for a user to log in to the second computer 340 to receive the policy from the first computer 320. The wait for login step 670 includes setting a configuration setting that causes the policy translation method 700 to continue with the receive policy step 630 at user login. The wait for login step 670 facilitates receiving the current version of the policy so that configuration information may be applied to the second computer 340 at user login, when many operating systems typically read configuration information. Updating a policy at user login is particularly advantageous to user-specific configuration information.
The refresh time test 675 determines whether it is time to check for updates to the policy on the first computer 320. In some embodiments, the refresh time test 675 polls the first computer 320 at periodic intervals for changes to the policy. The polling interval may be configurable by the user or may itself be a setting configurable by a policy. In some embodiments, the refresh time test 675 may include a means for the first computer 320 to notify the second computer 340 that a change has been made to the policy, and that the policy should be refreshed on the second computer 340. If the refresh time has arrived, the policy translation method 600 continues with the receive policy step 630, otherwise it continues with the terminate test 685.
The terminate test 685 determines whether the refresh time test 675 should be repeated, or if the policy translation method 600 should terminate. In some embodiments, the policy translation method 600 may be terminated to facilitate deallocation of memory or other computer resources when the second computer 340 is shut down, or to allow for system maintenance. If the policy translation method is not to be terminated, it continues with the refresh time test 675, other wise it ends 690.
FIG. 7 is a text diagram illustrating one embodiment of policy translation example data in accordance with the present invention. The policy translation example data 700 includes policy template data 710, policy manager input data 720, native policy-related file data 730, and translated policy-related file data 740. The policy translation example data may be generated in accordance with the policy translation method 600 and the policy management system 300.
The policy template data 710 is one example of the policy template 322. The policy template 322 may reside on the first computer 320 having a native operating system or on a third computer, such as an administrative workstation. The policy template data 710 may comprise plain ASCII text used to constrain data input accepted by the policy editor 324 by identifying names of data objects that the policy editor 324 will allow the user to edit. Policy template data 710 may also contain the text of prompts or other fields that control the user interface presented by the policy editor 324. Using the policy template 322, the policy editor 324 may accept input from an administrative user and generate input data for the policy manager 230.
Policy manager input data 720 illustrates the format of data that may be generated by the policy editor 324. In various embodiments, in accordance with the provide policy step 620, the policy manager 230 may accept the policy manager input data 720 from a file created by the policy editor 324, from a file created by an administrative user, or communicated directly from the policy editor 324 to the policy manager 230 via interprocess communication. The policy manager 230 may alter the format or contents of the policy manager input data 720. In some embodiments, the policy manager creates a policy-related file 326 and enters the location of the policy-related file 326 in the configuration settings database 250.
The native policy-related file data 730 is a textual representation of binary data in one embodiment of the policy-related file 326. The native policy-related file data 730 is generated by the policy manager 230, and in preparation for the receive policy step 630, is stored in a format and location typically used with the native operating system in use on the first computer 320. In the depicted embodiment, the native policy-related file data 730 comprises mixed binary and UNICODE text delimited by square brackets.
The translated policy-related file data 740 is one example of the policy-related file 346. In accordance with the translate policy step 640, the translator 344 translates the policy data received from the translator manager 342 to data usable by the foreign operating system used by the second computer 340. The depicted translated policy-related file data 740 is one example of a configuration file that a translator 344 has converted from mixed binary and UNICODE format to plain ASCII text format, and filtered to include only data usable by the foreign operating system in use on the second computer 340. In the depicted example, the translated policy-related file data 740 comprises a list of user names that will be allowed to log in to the second computer 340.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

## Claims

1. A computer system comprising:
a Unix computer having a Unix operating system, a tangible storage medium, and a computer processor;
a translator manager stored in the tangible storage medium; and
a translator stored in the tangible storage medium, wherein the Unix computer is configured to be connected to a heterogeneous computer network having computers with multiple operating systems, including at least the Unix computer and a Windows computer that cannot natively manage configuration information on the Unix computer, so as to transform the heterogeneous computer network into a transformed heterogeneous computer network in which the Windows computer uses Windows native policies to manage configuration information on the Unix computer, wherein the transformed heterogeneous computer network comprises:
the Windows computer, having a Windows policy editor configured to create policies that can be read, in their native format, by a Windows client computer to set policy settings on the Windows client computer but that cannot be read, in their native format, by a Unix client computer to set policy settings on the Unix client computer;
the Unix computer, wherein execution of the translator manager and the translator by the computer processor causes the Unix computer to:
receive a Windows policy that was constructed on the Windows computer according to a policy standard developed for and utilized by, the Windows operating system, wherein the Unix operating system does not directly utilize the policy standard developed for, and utilized by, the Windows operating system;
execute the translator, the translator configured to execute under the Unix operating system and translate the Windows policy from the policy standard developed for, and utilized by the Windows operating system to configuration information usable by the Unix operating system;
store the configuration information on the Unix computer;
maintain an association between the Windows policy and the configuration information;
detect a change to the Windows policy on the Windows computer;
determine that the configuration information on the Unix computer, for which there is an association with the changed Windows policy, needs to be changed;
execute the translator to translate the changed Windows policy into changed configuration information usable by the Unix operating system; and
store the changed configuration information on the Unix computer;


wherein the Windows policy is a Windows policy file used to set configurable options for at least one computer user, and wherein, after translation by the Unix computer, the Windows policy remains centrally managed and updated by the Windows computer, and updates to the policy are propagated to the Unix computer, such that use of Windows native policies is extended to allow an administrator to use Windows native policies to manage configuration information on the Unix computer.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the Windows policy defines configuration of at least one application for each of a plurality of users within a group.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the Windows policy defines configuration information for each of a plurality of users within a group.

4. A method of managing policies on a computer having a Linux operating system, the method comprising:
storing a translator manager in a tangible storage medium of a Linux computer connected to a heterogeneous computer network having computers with multiple operating systems, including at least the Linux computer and a Windows computer that has a Windows policy editor configured to create policies that can be read, in their native format, by a Windows client computer to set policy settings on the Windows client computer but that cannot be read, in their native format, by a Linux client computer to set policy settings on the Linux client computer; and
storing a translator in a tangible storage medium of the Linux computer, wherein execution of the translator manager and the translator by a computer processor of the Linux computer causes the Linux computer to:
receive a Windows policy that was constructed on the Windows computer according to a policy standard developed for and utilized by, the Windows operating system, wherein the Linux operating system does not directly utilize the policy standard developed for, and utilized by, the Windows operating system;
execute the translator, the translator configured to execute under the Linux operating system and translate the Windows policy from the policy standard developed for, and utilized by the Windows operating system to configuration information usable by the Linux operating system;
store the configuration information on the Linux computer;
maintain an association between the Windows policy and the configuration information;
detect a change to the Windows policy on the Windows computer;
determine that the configuration information on the Linux computer, for which there is an association with the changed Windows policy, needs to be changed;
execute the translator to translate the changed Windows policy into changed configuration information usable by the Linux operating system; and
store the changed configuration information on the Linux computer;

wherein the Windows policy is a Windows policy file that can be associated with an object in a Windows directory service, and wherein, after translation by the Linux computer, the Windows policy remains centrally managed and updated by the Windows computer, and updates to the policy are propagated to the Linux computer, such that use of Windows native policies is extended to allow an administrator to use Windows native policies to manage configuration information on the Linux computer.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the Windows policy defines configuration of at least one application for each of a plurality of users within a group.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the Windows policy defines configuration information for each of a plurality of users within a group.

7. A signal bearing medium tangibly embodying a program of machine-readable instructions executable by a digital processing apparatus to perform operations to manage policies on a computer having a non-Windows operating system, the operations comprising:
receiving a Windows policy on a second computer having a non-Windows operating system, the Windows policy constructed on a first computer having a Windows operating system according to a policy standard developed for and utilized by, the Windows operating system, wherein the non-Windows operating system does not directly utilize the policy standard developed for, and utilized by, the Windows operating system; and
executing a translator on the second computer, the translator configured to execute under the non-Windows operating system and translate the Windows policy from the policy standard developed for, and utilized by the Windows operating system to configuration information usable by the non-Windows operating system;
storing the configuration information on the non-Windows computer;
maintaining an association between the Windows policy and the configuration information;
detecting a change to the Windows policy on the Windows computer;
determining that the configuration information on the non-Windows computer, for which there is an association with the changed Windows policy, needs to be changed;
executing the translator to translate the changed Windows policy into changed configuration information usable by the non-Windows operating system; and
storing the changed configuration information on non-Windows computer;
wherein the policy is used to set configurable options of the second computer such that the first computer at least partially manages configuration of the second computer, and wherein, after translation by the non-Windows computer, the Windows policy remains centrally managed and updated by the Windows computer, and updates to the policy are propagated to the non-Windows computer, such that use of Windows native policies is extended to allow an administrator to use Windows native policies to manage configuration information on the non-Windows computer.

8. The signal bearing medium of claim 7, wherein the Windows policy defines configuration of at least one application for each of a plurality of users within a group.

9. The signal bearing medium of claim 7, wherein the Windows policy defines configuration information for each of a plurality of users within a group.

10. A group policy management system comprising:
a first computer having a Windows operating system and configured to create a group policy in a format that is native to the Windows operating system and that defines configuration of at least one application for each of a plurality of users within a group and to transmit the group policy to a plurality of other computers, wherein the first computer cannot natively manage configuration information on a non-Windows computer and wherein the group policy can be read, in its native format, by a Windows client computer to set policy settings on the Windows client computer but cannot be read, in its native format, by a non-Windows client computer to set policy settings on the non-Windows client computer; and
a second computer having a non-Windows operating system and configured to:
receive a group policy from the first computer in the format that is native to the Windows operating system;
translate the group policy into a translated group policy that has a format that is native to the non-Windows operating system;
apply the translated group policy on the second computer, thereby configuring at least one application in accordance with the group policy;
maintain an association between the group policy on the first computer and the translated group policy on the second computer;
detect a change to the group policy on the first computer;
determine that the translated group policy on the second computer, for which there is an association with the changed group policy on the first computer, needs to be changed;
translate the changed group policy on the first computer into a changed translated group policy; and
apply the changed translated group policy on the second computer;

wherein the group policy is used to set configurable options of the second computer such that the first computer at least partially manages configuration of the second computer, and wherein, after translation by the second computer, the Windows policy remains centrally managed and updated by the first computer, and updates to the policy are propagated to the second computer, such that use of Windows native policies is extended to allow an administrator to use Windows native policies to manage configuration information on the second computer.

11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a third computer having a Windows operating system and configured to receive the Windows group policy from the first computer and to apply the group policy on the third computer.

12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a fourth computer having a non-Windows operating system that is different from the non-Windows operating system on the second computer and that is configured to receive a group policy from the first computer in the format that is native to the Windows operating system, to translate the group policy into a translated group policy that has a format that is native to the non-Windows operating system of the fourth computer, and to apply the group policy on the fourth computer.

13. A group policy execution system comprising computer hardware configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at a computer having a non-Windows operating system, a Windows group policy that has a format that is native to a Windows operating system but is not native to the non-Windows operating system and that defines configuration information for each of a plurality of users within a group, wherein the Windows group policy can be read, in its native format, by a Windows client computer to set policy settings on the Windows client computer but cannot be read, in its native format, by a non-Windows client computer to set policy settings on the non-Windows client computer;
translating the Windows group policy into a translated group policy that has a format that is native to the non-Windows operating system; and
applying the translated group policy on the computer;
maintaining an association between the Windows group policy and the translated group policy;
detecting a change to the Windows group policy on the Windows computer;
determining that the translated group policy on the non-Windows computer, for which there is an association with the changed Windows group policy, needs to be changed;
translating the changed Windows group policy into a changed translated group policy; and
applying the changed translated group policy on the computer;
wherein the group policy is a Windows policy file used to set configurable options for a group of computer users, and wherein, after translation by the computer, the Windows group policy remains centrally managed and updated by the Windows computer, and updates to the policy are propagated to the computer, such that use of Windows native policies is extended to allow an administrator to use Windows native policies to manage configuration information on the computer.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the Windows group policy defines configuration of at least one application for each of a plurality of users within a group.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the Windows group policy facilitates management of a group of computers.

16. An application configuration policy execution system comprising computer hardware configured to perform operations comprising:
receiving, at a computer having a first operating system, an application configuration policy that has a format that is native to a second operating system but is not native to the first operating system and that defines a configuration of at least one application for each of a plurality of users within a group;
translating the application configuration policy into a translated application configuration policy that has a format that is native to the first operating system;
applying the translated application configuration policy on the computer, thereby configuring at least one application in accordance with the application configuration policy;
maintaining an association between the application configuration policy and the translated application configuration policy;
detecting a change to the application configuration policy;
determining that the translated application configuration policy, for which there is an association with the changed application configuration policy, needs to be changed;
translating the changed application configuration policy into a changed translated application configuration policy that has a format that is native to the first operating system; and
applying the changed translated application configuration policy on the computer, thereby configuring at least one application in accordance with the changed application configuration policy, wherein, after translation by the computer, the application configuration policy remains centrally managed and updated under a format that is native to the second operating system, and updates to the application configuration policy are propagated to the computer, such that use of native policies under the second operating system is extended to allow an administrator to use policies native to the second operating system to manage application configuration policies on the computer having the first operating system.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the application configuration policy controls behavior of an application for each user within a group.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the application configuration policy is a group policy.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the group policy facilitates management of a group of computers.