J-A07021-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: M.S.-L., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: R.L., FATHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 2348 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Order Entered August 16, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at 

No(s): CP-51-DP-0001249-2020

IN THE INTEREST OF: M.S.-L., A 

MINOR

APPEAL OF: R.L., FATHER

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 2349 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Decree Entered August 16, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Juvenile Division at 

No(s): CP-51-AP-0000080-2022

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and McCAFFERY, J.

MEMORANDUM BY McLAUGHLIN, J.: FILED MAY 23, 2023

R.L. (“Father”) appeals from the decree terminating his parental rights 

as to his minor child, M.S.-L. (“Child”), as well as from the order changing the 

goal to adoption. Father’s counsel has filed an Anders1 brief and a motion to 

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1 Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967); see also In re V.E., 611 A.2d 

1267, 1275 (Pa.Super. 1992) (holding Anders protections apply to appeals 

of involuntary termination of parental rights).
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withdraw as counsel. Upon review, we grant counsel’s motion to withdraw, 

affirm the termination decree, and dismiss the appeal from the goal-change 

order as moot.

Child was born in September 2020. Less than two months later, he was 

placed in the legal custody of the Philadelphia Department of Human Services 

(“DHS”) due to his mother’s non-compliance with mental health treatment and 

medication management.2 N.T., 7/20/22, at 10-11; Shelter Care Order, 

11/23/20. Child’s mother was also transient and lacked housing. N.T., 

7/20/22, at 11. Father was 16 years old at that time and was not involved in 

Child’s care. See Dependency Petition, 12/3/20, at ¶ 5(x). Child was 

adjudicated dependent in March 2021. See Order of Adjudication and 

Disposition, 3/16/21. Child has been in care continuously since November 

2020. N.T., 7/20/22, at 61. Child’s current foster home is a pre-adoptive 

home. Id. at 39.

On February 8, 2022, DHS filed a petition for involuntary termination of 

Father’s parental rights. A hearing on the petition was held on July 20, 2022 

and August 16, 2022. Although Father was served with notice of the hearing, 

he did not appear on either date. Id. at 2, 8-9; N.T., 8/16/22, at 2.

At the termination hearing, DHS presented the testimony of its 

caseworker, Edward McNichol. McNichol testified that Father’s goals were to 

complete parenting classes and a father’s initiative program at the Achieving 

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2 Child’s mother is not involved in this appeal.
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Reunification Center (“ARC”), as well as supervised visitation with Child. N.T., 

7/20/22, at 59, 74. McNichol rated Father’s compliance with his case plan 

objectives as “[n]one.” Id. at 63. He testified that Father’s referral to ARC was 

closed out due to Father’s non-compliance. Id. at 61-62. McNichol was also 

unaware of Father’s current whereabouts and did not know whether Father 

was employed. Id. at 62. McNichol additionally stated that Father had failed 

to stay in contact with DHS. Id. at 62-63; N.T., 8/16/22, at 30.

McNichol further testified that Father had visited Child at the agency 

“less than a dozen” times and had never progressed to unsupervised visits.

N.T., 7/20/22, at 60-61. At the time of the termination hearing, Father had 

not visited Child in over four months. Id. at 74; N.T., 8/16/22, at 28.

McNichol also testified that there is not a parent/child bond between 

Child and Father, and he believed Child would suffer no irreparable harm if 

Father’s parental rights were terminated. N.T., 7/20/22, at 63. He stated that 

Child has a very strong bond with his foster parents and is happy and thriving 

in their home. Id. at 38, 42-43. Child calls his foster mother “Mom-mom” and 

looks to his foster parents for his daily needs and medical appointments. Id.

at 43-44.

Child’s maternal cousin, M.B., testified that Child has been in her care 

since December 2021. N.T., 8/16/22, at 21. She stated that Father has never 

visited Child at her home since he was placed with her. Id. at 22, 26. M.B. 

testified that Child has no relationship with Father and would not be upset if 

he did not have contact with Father. Id. at 26. 
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At the conclusion of the hearing, the court terminated Father’s parental 

rights. Id. at 45. This appeal followed.

Counsel’s Anders brief identifies two issues:

1. Whether the trial court abused its discretion and erred as 

a matter of law in terminating [Father’s] parental rights

under 23 Pa.C.S.A. [§] 2511(a) and (b) because the 

decision was not supported by competent evidence[?]

2. Whether the trial court abused its discretion and erred as

a matter of law in changing the permanency goal to

adoption because the decision was not supported by

competent evidence[?]

Anders Br. at 8.

Before we consider whether the appeal is frivolous, we must first 

determine whether counsel has satisfied the necessary requirements for 

withdrawing as counsel. See Commonwealth v. Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287, 

290 (Pa.Super. 2007) (en banc) (stating that “[w]hen faced with a purported 

Anders brief, this Court may not review the merits of any possible underlying 

issues without first examining counsel’s request to withdraw”). To withdraw 

pursuant to Anders, counsel must: 1) “petition the court for leave to withdraw 

stating that, after making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel 

has determined that the appeal would be frivolous;” 2) furnish a copy of the 

brief to the client; and 3) advise the client that he or she has the right to 

retain other counsel or proceed pro se. Commonwealth v. Cartrette, 83 

A.3d 1030, 1032 (Pa.Super. 2013) (en banc).

Further, in the Anders brief, counsel seeking to withdraw must:
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(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with 

citations to the record; (2) refer to anything in the record that 

counsel believes arguably supports the appeal; (3) set forth 

counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and (4) state 

counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous. 

Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling 

case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion 

that the appeal is frivolous.

Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 361 (Pa. 2009). If counsel 

meets all the above obligations, “it then becomes the responsibility of the 

reviewing court to make a full examination of the proceedings and make an 

independent judgment to decide whether the appeal is in fact wholly 

frivolous.” Id. at 355 n.5 (quoting Commonwealth v. McClendon, 434 A.2d 

1185, 1187 (Pa. 1981)).

Here, we find that counsel has complied with the above technical 

requirements. In his Anders brief, counsel has provided a summary of the 

procedural and factual history of the case with citations to the record. Further, 

counsel’s brief identifies two issues that could arguably support the appeal, as 

well as counsel’s assessment of why the appeal is frivolous, with citations to 

the record. Additionally, counsel served Father with a copy of the Anders brief 

and advised him of his right to proceed pro se or to retain a private attorney 

to raise any additional points he deemed worthy of this Court’s review. Motion 

to Withdraw, 11/14/22, at ¶ 7, Ex. A. Father has not responded to counsel’s 

petition to withdraw. As counsel has met the technical requirements of 

Anders and Santiago, we will proceed to the issues counsel has identified.
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The first issue raised in counsel’s Anders brief challenges the sufficiency 

of the evidence supporting termination of Father’s parental rights under 23 

Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a) and (b).

We review an order involuntarily terminating parental rights for an 

abuse of discretion. In re G.M.S., 193 A.3d 395, 399 (Pa.Super. 2018). In 

termination cases, we “accept the findings of fact and credibility 

determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the record.” In re 

T.S.M., 71 A.3d 251, 267 (Pa. 2013) (quoting In re Adoption of S.P., 47 

A.3d 817, 826 (Pa. 2012)). “If the factual findings have support in the record, 

we then determine if the trial court committed an error of law or abuse of 

discretion.” In re Adoption of K.C., 199 A.3d 470, 473 (Pa.Super. 2018). 

We will reverse a termination order “only upon demonstration of manifest 

unreasonableness, partiality, prejudice, bias, or ill-will.” In re Adoption of 

S.P., 47 A.3d at 826.

A party seeking to terminate parental rights has the burden of 

establishing grounds for termination by clear and convincing evidence. In re 

Adoption of K.C., 199 A.3d at 473. Clear and convincing evidence means 

evidence “that is so clear, direct, weighty, and convincing as to enable the 

trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without hesitation, of the truth of 

the precise facts in issue.” Id. (citation omitted).

Termination of parental rights is controlled by section 2511 of the 

Adoption Act. In re L.M., 923 A.2d 505, 511 (Pa.Super. 2007). Under this 
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provision, the trial court must engage in a bifurcated analysis prior to 

terminating parental rights:

Initially, the focus is on the conduct of the parent. The party 

seeking termination must prove by clear and convincing evidence 

that the parent’s conduct satisfies the statutory grounds for 

termination delineated in Section 2511(a). Only if the court 

determines that the parent’s conduct warrants termination of his 

or her parental rights does the court engage in the second part of 

the analysis pursuant to Section 2511(b): determination of the 

needs and welfare of the child under the standard of best interests 

of the child. One major aspect of the needs and welfare analysis 

concerns the nature and status of the emotional bond between 

parent and child, with close attention paid to the effect on the child

of permanently severing any such bond.

Id. (citations omitted). To affirm the termination of parental rights, this Court 

need only affirm the trial court’s decision as to any one subsection of section 

2511(a). In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa.Super. 2004) (en banc).

Instantly, the court found termination proper under subsections 

2511(a)(1), (2), (5), and (8), as well as under section 2511(b). See Trial 

Court Opinion, 10/14/22, at 2. As only one basis for termination under 

2511(a) is necessary, we will focus on the court’s termination of Father’s 

parental rights under subsection 2511(a)(1). That subsection provides that a 

parent’s rights to a child may be terminated if:

[t]he parent by conduct continuing for a period of at least six 

months immediately preceding the filing of the petition either has 

evidenced a settled purpose of relinquishing parental claim to a 

child or has refused or failed to perform parental duties.

23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(a)(1).
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Pursuant to subsection 2511(a)(1), “the moving party must produce 

clear and convincing evidence of conduct, sustained for at least the six months 

prior to the filing of the termination petition, which reveals a settled intent to 

relinquish parental claim to a child or a refusal or failure to perform parental 

duties.” In re Z.S.W., 946 A.2d 726, 730 (Pa.Super. 2008). A parental 

obligation is a “positive duty which requires affirmative performance” and 

“cannot be met by a merely passive interest in the development of the child.” 

In re C.M.S., 832 A.2d 457, 462 (Pa.Super. 2003) (citation omitted). Indeed,

[p]arental duty requires that the parent act affirmatively with 

good faith interest and effort, and not yield to every problem, in 

order to maintain the parent-child relationship to the best of his 

or her ability, even in difficult circumstances. A parent must utilize 

all available resources to preserve the parental relationship, and 

must exercise reasonable firmness in resisting obstacles placed in 

the path of maintaining the parent-child relationship. Parental 

rights are not preserved by waiting for a more suitable or 

convenient time to perform one’s parental responsibilities while 

others provide the child with his or her physical and emotional 

needs.

In re B.,N.M., 856 A.2d 847, 855 (Pa.Super. 2004) (citations omitted).

Here, the trial court found that Father had made no efforts to perform 

any parental duties since the time Child was placed in foster care in November 

2020. The evidence was that Father has never been involved in the care of 

Child since he was born. Except for less than a dozen supervised visits with 

Child, Father has done entirely nothing to parent Child. He did not avail himself 

to DHS services throughout the life of the case, his whereabouts were

unknown, and he failed to complete any of his goals. In sum, Father has made 
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no attempts to perform any parental duties or work toward reunification with 

Child. We perceive no non-frivolous basis on which to challenge the sufficiency 

of the evidence to support the finding under subsection 2511(a)(1).

Under section 2511(b), the trial court must consider “the 

developmental, physical and emotional needs and welfare of the child” to 

determine if termination of parental rights is in the best interest of the child. 

See 23 Pa.C.S.A. § 2511(b). This inquiry involves assessment of “[i]ntangibles 

such as love, comfort, security, and stability[.]” In re C.M.S., 884 A.2d 1284, 

1287 (Pa.Super. 2005). The court must also examine the parent-child bond, 

“with utmost attention to the effect on the child of permanently severing that 

bond.” Id. The court must also examine any pre-adoptive home and any bond 

between the child and the foster parents. In re T.S.M., 71 A.3d at 268.

Here, the court found it was in Child’s best interest to terminate Father’s 

parental rights under section 2511(b). Trial Ct. Op. at 2. There was ample 

testimony that Child has no relationship with Father and no parental bond with 

him. In contrast, there was evidence that Child is thriving and strongly bonded 

to his foster family, who are eager to adopt him. We agree that the challenge 

to the finding under section 2511(b) is frivolous. 

In sum, we find the issues raised in counsel’s Anders brief are wholly 

frivolous. Further, after an independent review of the record, we conclude that

no other, non-frivolous issue exists. Therefore, we grant counsel’s motion to 

withdraw. Having determined the appeal is wholly frivolous, we affirm the 

decree terminating Father’s parental rights. Because we affirm the termination 
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order, the appeal from the goal-change order is moot, and any appeal would 

be frivolous. See Int. of A.M., 256 A.3d 1263, 1272-73 (Pa.Super. 2021) 

(finding issues regarding goal change moot in light of termination of parental 

rights); see also In re D.K.W., 415 A.2d 69, 73 (Pa. 1980) (stating once 

parental rights are terminated, issues of custody and dependency under 

Juvenile Act are moot). We therefore dismiss that appeal. 

Motion to withdraw as counsel granted. Decree affirmed at No. 2349 

EDA 2022. Appeal dismissed at No. 2348 EDA 2022.

Judge McCaffery joins the memorandum.

Judge Dubow did not participate. 

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 5/23/2023