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enig/963 HEARING

BEFORE THE

COMMITTEE ON

INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS

UNITED STATES SENATE

EIGHTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

ON

THE NOMINATION OF MANUEL F. L. GUERRERO

TO BE GOVERNOR OF GUAM

FEBRUARY 8, 1963

Printed for the use of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs

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COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS

CLINTON P.

HENRY M. JACKSON, Washington

ALAN BIBLE, Nevada

FRANK CHURCH, Idaho

ERNEST GRUENING, Alaska

FRANK E. MOSS, Utah

QUENTIN N. BURDICK, North

LEE METCALF, Montana

II

ANDERSON, New Mexico, Chairman

THOMAS H. KUCHEL, California

GORDON ALLOTT, Colorado

JACK R. MILLER, Iowa

JAMES B. PEARSON, Kansas

LEN B. JORDAN, Idaho

Dakota

JERRY T. VERKLER, Staff Director

STEWART FRENCH, Chief Counsel

JAMES H. GAMBLE, Professional Staff Member
.4

NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1963

U.S. SENATE,

COMIVII1 FEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS,

Washington, D .0 .

The committee met, pursuant to call, at 10:05 a.m., in room 3110,

New Senate Office Building, Senator Clinton P. Anderson (the chairman ) presiding.

Present: Senators Anderson, Bible, Gruening, Moss, Burdick, Metcalf, Kuchel, and Jordan.

The CHAIRMAN. This is an open public hearing on the nomination

by President John F. Kennedy of Manuel F. L. Guerrero, of Guam,

to be Governor of Guam.

If confirmed, Mr. Guerrero will succeed William P. Daniel, who was

named Governor by President Kennedy in March 1961, and who

voluntarily resigned as of January 1963.

The Department of the Interior has submitted a brief biographical

sketch of Mr. Guerrero, and I will direct that this material appear

in the record at this point.

(The biographical sketch referred to follows:)

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MANUEL FLORES LEON GUERRERO

Born October 25, 1914, at Agana, Guam. Son of Jose L. G. Leon Guerrero,

a native of Guam and a musician in the U.S. Navy band, who died in 1926,

and Maria Lujan Flores, born in 1888 in Agana.

Education: Graduated from Guam High School, 1934.

Government service: Joined the U.S. Naval Government of Guam in 1930 as

a messenger. Rose through various administrative positions to island bookkeeper. When Guam fell to the Japanese shortly after Pearl Harbor, was interned for a brief period and then drafted to assist in a manpower study for

the Japanese military government. A short time later, he was released and

farmed to support his family during the 34-month Japanese occupation. When

U.S. forces liberated Guam, he returned to the military government as a clerk

and rose to the post of administrative assistant before resigning in 1948 to

enter private business. When President Truman signed the organic act, granting civil government to Guam, he returned as a member of the First Guam Legislature and a member of the staff of the first civilian Governor, Carlton Skinner. He served as deputy director of land management, assistant secretary of

Guam, staff director of the legislature. He was appointed secretary of Guam

(approximates Lieutenant Governor) by President Kennedy in May 1961. In

1962 he was named by President Kennedy as alternate commissioner of the

South Pacific Commission, and is the first Pacific Islander to hold a post on

that group.

Family: Mrs. Guerrero is the former Delfina Tuncap, who was born March 9,

1915, in Agana. They have seven children: Alfred, who was born in 1935;

Lolita (Mrs. Charles J. Huxel, Jr.), who was born in 1936; Rudolpho, who was

born in 1938; Evelyna, who was born in 1940; Teresita, who was born in 1946;

Manuel, who was born in 1947; and Patricia, who was born in 1953. The three

1
2 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

eldest children are graduates of mainland colleges, Evelyna is now a student

at Baylor University, and the younger children attend school on Guam.

Political affiliations: Democrat.

Military service: A captain in the now inactive Guam Militia.

Fraternal: Member of Charleston Masonic Lodge 44, Agana, Guam.

The CHAIRMAN. As will be seen from his biography, Mr. Guerrero

has had both legislative and administrative experience, and has been

active in public affairs in Guam.

We expected to have with us this morning Hon. Wayne N. Aspinall, chairman of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,

who was to make a statement on this nomination. Dr. John Taylor

is here. He will present Mr. Aspinall's statement.

We also have with us today Hon. John A. Carver, Assistant Secretary of the Interior, representing Secretary Udall.

I understand that former Governor Daniel will make the formal

presentation of the nominee.

The first statement will be by John Carver, the Assistant Secretary

of the Interior, who will introduce Mr. Daniel.

John, I imagine you have had pretty rough going with these cattlemen in the last few days. I want to tell you I think you have done an

excellent job and have the greatest kind of support from a great many

people.

STATEMENT OF JOHN A. CARVER, JR., ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF

THE INTERIOR, PUBLIC LAND MANAGEMENT

Mr. CARVER. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, while my experience

in such matters is admittedly limited, I believe that this is a fairly

unique occasion as confirmation hearings go. We have here today,

for the purpose of introducing the President's nominee to be Governor

of Guam, the man whom he will succeed in that office, the Senate

willing.

Nearly 2 years ago, I had the great honor of participating in the

inaugural ceremony which inducted Hon. Bill Daniel into the office

which he has held since that time. Governor Daniel immediately

plunged into the task he had taken the oath to perform. Guam

moved forward under his leadership. He set an admirable example

of dedication and hard work. This is not the time to catalog his contributions, but it is wholly fitting that we acknowledge them and

extend our thanks for a prodigious effort, carried on thousands of

miles from sources of supply and expert assistance.

It is most fitting that Governor Daniel should be here to present

Mr. Guerrero. No one is in a better position to evaluate the recent

training this nominee has had for the office of Governor. During his

entire incumbency, Governor Daniel was backed up by, and in almost

daily contact with, Manuel F. L. Guerrero, secretary of Guam, and

second in command in the territory's executive structure. He knows

not only of his competence but also of his stature in the community

which he aspires to lead.

It is my pleasure and a genuine honor to present the retiring Governor of Guam who requests the privilege of introducing the nominee.
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 3

STATEMENT OF HON. BILL DANIEL, RETIRING GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Mr. DANIEL. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, it is a

privilege to appear before you again—this time to present my esteemed

colleague and friend, Hon. Manuel F. L. Guerrero, whose appointment

by the President as the next Governor of Guam is now before you for

consideration.

During my tenure as Governor of Guam, Mr. Guerrero has served

as secretary of Guam, another Presidentially appointed post with combined duties similar to those of Lieutenant Governor and secretary of

state in most of our States. As such we worked together constantly

for the territory.

From the beginning, I was impressed with Secretary Guerrero's

sincerity, integrity, loyalty, and ability to plan, participate, and produce. I found him eminently fair and honest, consistently objective,

courageously forthright, a tireless worker, and possessed of a passionate love for his native Guam, its wonderful people, and the Pacific

area.

A family man, with love for his own and his fellow man, it was

quick to see that he was admired and respected by all groups, political

parties, and factions of Guam. They have seen him in peace and in

war, in sunshine and in typhoon, always with a faith in God and in

his fellow men that so typifies the Christian heritage that has prevailed so long on this island.

There was much to be done in the territory, and the accomplishments

of my administration were possible only through the teamwork of the

Governor and the secretary. We planned, built, and labored long

together at all times, with him serving as Acting Governor in my

absence. Together we are proud of our progress which is best evidenced by the unanimous resolutions adopted and forwarded to you

from time to time by the legislature, the elected commissioners, and

others.

However, as I said in my first remarks to the Legislature of Guam,

the keystone of my program was "to increase local self-government

as much as possible," including enactment of legislation by the Congress providing for the election of a Governor. Feeling convinced that

the success of this legislation would be enhanced if a Guamanian was

serving successfully as Governor while it is pending, I respectfully

submitted my resignation to the President, effective January 20, 1963.

I attach a copy and ask that it be inserted in the record. I ask that

the President's answer to my letter and a statement of the Secretary of

the Interior also be printed inasmuch as I shall refer to portions of

them in my statement regarding Mr. Guerrero.

The CHAIRMAN. Without objection that will be done.

(The documents referred to follow:)

LETTER TO PRESIDENT KENNEDY

DEAR Mn. PRESIDENT: I appreciate the opportunity of service as Governor of

Guam afforded by your appointment early in 1961. I have been very pleased with

the assignment and the progress made during my administration as Governor.

This progress is best evidenced by the unanimous resolutions recently adopted and

forwarded to you by the legislature and the elected commissioners of Guam.

During my period of service, I have formed a real attachment to the people of

Guam and the work that I have done has given me deep personal satisfaction. I

have great faith in the future of Guam and I hope that I can always maintain
4 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

the close friendships that I formed during my stay. However, the keystone of

the program which I have advocated is more self-government for the people of

Guam, including enactment of legislation by the Congress providing for the election of a Governor.

Upon careful thought, I have become convinced that the success of this legislation would be enhanced if a Guamanian was serving successfully as Governor

while it is pending. Therefore, in order that you may have the opportunity to

consider such an appointment, I hereby respectfully submit ray resignation as

Governor of Guam, effective January 20, 1963.

I sincerely thank you for the confidence you expressed in my appointment and

for the opportunity of service which this afforded me.

Sincerely yours,

BILL DANIEL.

THE WHITE HOUSE,

Washington, September 14, 1962.

Hon. WILLIAM P. DANIEL,

Governor of Guam,

Agana, Guam.

DEAR GOVERNOR DANIEL: It is with great regret that I accept your resignation

as Governor of Guam. Your administration as Governor has been one of the most

successful in the history of Guam, and it is evident that the people of the island

hold you in a great deal of affection and esteem for the work you have performed

in their behalf.

I understand and fully appreciate the reasons that led to your decision, and I

hope to make an appointment which will attain the objective you have set forth.

In the event your successor has not been qualified by next January 20, I hope you

will agree to continue in office until there is a qualified successor.

You have performed an important mission with distinction, and I am pleased to

learn from the Secretary of the Interior that you have agreed to become a consultant to the Interior Department on territorial affairs upon your resignation.

Your experience and your dedication are valuable to our country and should not

be lost.

Sincerely,

JOHN F. KENNEDYGov. BILL DANIEL OF GUAM RESIGNS To OPEN WAY FOR APPOINTMENT OF

GUAMANIAN

Secretary of the Interior .Stewart L. Udall today announced that President

Kennedy has notified him he has accepted the resignation, effective next January

20, of Gov. Bill Daniel of Guam, who is stepping aside to permit a Guamanian

to take the top position in the territory.

The Governor has agreed to become a consultant to the Interior Department

on Territorial Affairs after he leaves office, Secretary Udall said. The Interior

Department administers the U.S. territories of Guam, American Samoa, and the

Virgin Islands, and, under a United Nations trusteeship, the Trust Territory of

the Pacific Islands.

A Presidential appointee confirmed by the U.S. Senate, Governor Daniel took

office May 20, 1961.

In his letter of resignation, Governor Daniel wrote that "the keystone of the

program which I have advocated is more self-government for the people of Guam,

including enactment of legislation by the Congress providing for the election of a

Governor. Upon careful thought I become convinced that the success of

this legislation would be enhanced if a Guamanian was serving successfully as

Governor while it is pending. Therefore, in order that you may have the opportunity to consider such an appointment, I hereby respectfully submit my resignation as Governor of Guam, effective January 20, 1963."

President Kennedy's letter accepting the resignation with regret said "I understand and fully appreciate the reasons which led to your decision, and I hope

to make an appointment which will attain the objective you have set forth."

He added that he hoped Governor Daniel would continue in office past next

January 20 in the event a successor has not been qualified by then.

Secretary Udall said:

"I deeply regret that Governor Daniel is leaving this important post. I understand and applaud his motives. But he will be missed because Guam has made
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 5.

important progress under his administration and the people of the island have

expressed their affection for him and their high esteem for his services.

"Under Governor Daniel, restrictions which prevented free access to the island'

have been lifted—thereby opening the way for increased economic activity and

for the establishment of a tourist industry. Important public works have been

set in motion to enhance both the health standards of the people and the natural

beauties of the island.

"Such great strides have been made that private industry is now engaged in

establishing adequate tourist facilities. Highways have been improved, as well

as schools and parks. Major agricultural programs have been launched and

Guam is well on the way toward a prosperous economy.

"Governor Daniel inaugurated a New Frontier program which has made Guam

into a showcase of democracy.

"I am very pleased that Governor Daniel has agreed to accept an appointment

by the Interior Department as Consultant on Territorial Affairs, effective on the

date of his resignation. His advice will be invaluable in helping to draft and

enact legislation which will raise local self-government to even higher standards."

Guam, with a population of more than 41,000, is about 6,000 miles southwest

of ,San Francisco and 1,500 miles southeast of Manila. It is the largest and

most populous of the Mariana Islands. Its people are U.S. citizens, although

they cannot vote in national elections and have no representation in Congress.

Governor Daniel's home in the States is the historic Plantation Ranch, Texas'

oldest settlement.

Mr. DANIEL. In his reply of September 14, 1963, the President

said, among other things, that he hoped to make an appointment which

will "attain the objective" I had set forth. The Secretary of the Interior, Hon. Stewart Udall, joined in this objective, as his statement

which I have submitted will show.

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I submit to you that

the President has done just that in his nomination of Manuel Guerrero to serve as Governor of Guam. In addition to being a Guamanian,

he has the other capabilities, experience, and qualifications to administer this vital post with dedication, zeal, and true accomplishment.

He knows the many programs we have started to meet the needs of

these wonderful people. He knows and has worked with the new

cabinet members and personnel of the various boards and commissions now appointed and serving the territory. He knows and understands the broad and complex scope of the damage and destruction

from the recent typhoon

'

after which he so ably demonstrated his

leadership for recovery as Acting Governor.

For these reasons and countless more, I unqualifiedly and respectfully recommend him to you not only as a great Guamanian but as a

top U.S. citizen, ready, willing, and able to carry on with a job which

already he has well underway. With united help and cooperation

from all of us, I am convinced you will be proud of his services.

In closing, I say thanks again to you for the splendid support and

cooperation that you have given me during my nearly 2 years as Governor of Guam. I appreciate this opportunity of service. My family

and I love this island and its fine people. We always will. A part of

our heart is there. I have great faith in Guam's future, and, although

it may appear that I have "worked myself out of a job," I will, nevertheless, continue to be actively interested in the present and future

progress of that enchanted island.

It is my great honor to introduce to you Hon. Manuel Guerrero,

currently secretary of Guam and the President's nominee as Governor

of the territory.

Mr. Guerrero.
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

The CHAIRMAN. Before Mr. Guerrero begins his statement, I would

like to insert in the record at this point a resolution from the Sixth

Guam Legislature and several others concerning the services of Governor Daniel and Secretary Guerrero. I think it is appropriate that

they be included in the record at this point.

(The documents are as follows:)

RESOLUTION 396 OF THE SIXTH GUAM LEGISLATURE

RESOLUTION Relative to expressing on behalf of the people of Guam congratulations to

Gov. Bill Daniel and Secretary Manuel F. L. Guerrero for the successful completion of

their first year in office

Whereas on May 20, 1961, the Honorable Bill Daniel and the Honorable

Manuel F. L. Guerrero were inaugurated as Governor and secretary, respectively, of the territory of Guam, to serve for the terms provided in the organic

act, and therefore our two highest executive officials have thus served a year in

office, making it appropriate for the legislature to recognize the achievements of

this first year; and

Whereas during the first year of the New Frontier administration on Guam,

the Governor and secretary have implemented many programs which promise to

considerably ameliorate the social and economic conditions of the island, among

which programs are the "crash program" to beautify the territory, best exemplified by the reappearance of the city of Agana from under jungle undergrowth, the Operation Guam Friendship, resulting in the addition of invaluable

new bloodlines to the government herds and eventually to the local farm stock,

the establishment of an economic commission, which is moving forward toward

the rejuvenation of Guam's civilian economy, assistance toward the loosening of

the bonds of the naval entry clearance program to such an extent that at last a

tourist program is possible for the territory, the attraction of outside capital to

Guam for the purpose of making substantial capital investments such as the

planned new hotel, assistance toward the acquisition from Federal agencies here

of unused land which new Government of Guam land has been turned into

beneficial public use, the upgrading of our educational and public health standards to the betterment of the local population, pursuant to recommendations of

the legislature, assistance toward the improvement of our relationship with the

national administration in Washington which promises much greater Federal

recognition in the future, and generally a program of rapid movement and

progress in all public areas, which era of remarkable achievement has earned

the sincere commendation of the people of this territory: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Sixth Guam Legislature does hereby on behalf of the

people of Guam express to the Honorable Bill Daniel, Governor of Guam, and

the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero, secretary of Guam, sincere congratulations for the successful completion of their first year in office; and be it further

Resolved, That this resolution do also serve as an expression of hope on the

part of the people of Guam that these two outstanding public servants shall

continue to devote their remarkable energies and civic spirit to the future welfare of this territory; and be it further

Resolved, That the speaker certify to and the legislative secretary attest the

adoption hereof and that copies of the same be thereafter transmitted to the

Honorable John F. Kennedy, President of the United States, to the Honorable

Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice President of the United States, to the Honorable

Stewart Udall, Secretary of the Interior, to the Honorable Clinton P. Anderson,

chairman of the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, to the Honorable Wayne N. Aspinall, chairman of the House Committee on Interior and

Insular Affairs, to the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero, secretary of Guam, and

to the Honorable Bill Daniel, Governor of Guam.

Duly adopted on the 23d day of May 1962.

V. B. BAMBA,

Legislative Secretary.

A. B. WON PAT,

Speaker.
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

DISTRICT GOVERNMENT COUNCIL

Agana, Guam

RESOLUTION

7

Whereas the Honorable Bill Daniel during his tenure as Chief Executive for

the territory of Guam, has made tremendous achievements in the development

of our island's economy, within a short period of time, of which, such accomplishments are as follows: The general cleanup of the city of Agana after

many years of unsightly jungle growth and debris; his support for the revocation of Executive Order No. 8683 (Naval Entry Clearance) by President Kennedy; the highly needed return-to-the-soil program and the upbreeding of livestock, largely through the personal efforts of Governor Bill Daniel; active effort

and support in the development of the _tourist industry for Guam, including the

impending construction of a hotel for the accommodation of visitors to Guam;

the successful intervention and negotiation on behalf of the people of Guam

for the return of unused Federal lands to the government of Guam; the development of parks and beaches for public recreation; the continued improvements

of arterial highways and major trunkline ; the installation of street lights in

the various districts and villages of the territory; the implementation of the

intent and letter of section 9(a) of the Organic Act of Guam, which section

provides that preference be extended to persons of Guamanian ancestry in all

positions of trust and confidence; his courageous stand in cooperation with the

Sixth Guam Legislature to increase taxes in the midst of declining revenues which permitted the continuation of the public programs and services now

being enjoyed by the people of the territory, without which the curtailment of

such services and facilities would have resulted, causing the people undue hardship;

Whereas, because of his keen interest and devotion to a duty which was entrusted upon him, he was commended twice officially by the Guam Legislature

which is in itself one of the most remarkable events in the political history of

the territory of Guam; Now, therefore, be it further

Resolved, That the District Government Council of Guam, consisting of all

the village commissioners and assistant commissioners, do hereby respectfully

bring to the attention of the Honorable John F. Kennedy, President of the

United States, the Honorable Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice President of the United

States, the Honorable John M. Bailey, chairman of the Democratic National

Committee, and the Honorable Stewart L. Udall, Secretary of the Interior, the

fact that the economic program of the present Democratic Governor of Guam,

the Honorable Bill Daniel, has the wholehearted support of the commissioners

and assistant commissioners of Guam;

Wherefore the District Government Council desires to express by this resolution its highest and deepest appreciation to the constituted authorities of the

United States of America for the meritorious appointment of Bill Daniel as

Governor of Guam, to whom complete support has been extended during his

tenure of office, the council furthermore pledging to continue such support as

his program advances so that the record of the present Democratic Governor

shall remain one unparalleled in the history of the territory.

Adopted at the capital city of Agana, Guam, this 7th day of September 1962.

THE COMMISSIONERS OF GUAM

Territory of Guam

GUAM

RESOLUTION

Whereas the Honorable Bill Daniel and the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero

were inaugurated on May 20, 1961, as Governor and secretary, respectively, of

the territory of Guam, to serve for the terms provided in the organic act, and

therefore our two highest officials have thus served a year in office, making it

.fitting and proper for the commissioners of Guam to recognize the achievements of this first year; and

94452-63 2
8 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Whereas, during the first year in office, the Governor and secretary have fulfilled many programs which promise to considerably improve the social and

economic conditions of the island, among which programs are the "crash program" to beautify the territory, best illustrated by the reappearance of the city

of Agana from under jungle undergrowth, the "Operation Guam Friendship,"

resulting in the addition of invaluable new bloodlines to the government herds

and eventually to the local farm stock, the establishment of an economic commission, which is moving forward toward the rejuvenation of Guam's civilian

economy, assistance toward the loosening of the bonds of the naval entry clearance program to such an extent that at last a tourist program is possible for the

territory, the attraction of outside capital to Guam for the purpose of making

substantial capital investment such as the planned new hotel, assistance toward

the acquisition from Federal agencies here of unused land which the government

of Guam has turned into beneficial public use, the upgrading of our educational

and public health standards to the betterment of the local population: Now,

therefore, be it

Resolved, That the commissioners of Guam do hereby on behalf of the people

of the territory of Guam express to the Honorable Bill Daniel, Governor of

Guam, the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero, secretary of Guam, and to the

various department heads, sincere congratulations for the successful completion

of their first year in office; and be it further

Resolved, That this resolution do also serve as an expression of hope on the

part of the people of Guam that these two outstanding public servants shall

continue to devote their remarkable energies and civil spirit to the future welfare

of this territory; and be it further

Resolved, That the chief commissioner of Guam cause this resolution to be

suitably printed and copies transmitted to the Honorable John F. Kennedy,

President of the United States, to the Honorable Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice

President of the United States, to the Honorable Stewart Udall, Secretary of

the Interior, to the Honorable Clinton B. Anderson, chairman of the Senate

Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, to the Honorable Wayne N. Aspinall, chairman of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, to the

Honorable Bill Daniel, Governor of Guam, and to the Honorable Manuel F. L.

Guerrero, secretary of Guam.

Adopted at the capital city of Agana, Guam, this 29th day of May 1962.

RESOLUTION BY THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF GUAM, AGANA, GUAM

Resolved, That the 52 members of the executive committee of the Democratic Party of Guam, consisting of all the members of the Sixth Guam Legislature, all the Democratic commissioners of the various districts, and the

Democratic Party precinct chairmen of all districts within Guam, do hereby respectfully bring to the attention of the Honorable John F. Kennedy,

President of the United States; the Honorable Lyndon B. Johnson, Vice President of the United States; the Honorable John M. Bailey, chairman of the

Democratic National Committee; and the Honorable Stewart L. Udall, Secretary of the Interior; the fact that the economic program of the present Democratic Governor of Guam, the Honorable Bill Daniel, has the wholehearted

support of the Democratic Party of Guam per se and the Sixth Guam Legislature, whose members are all Democrats duly elected by the people of the

territory of Guam under the Organic Act of Guam.

Gov. Bill Daniel, upon assumption of the highest office within the territory

of Guam as its Chief Executive sometime in May 1961, has achieved and accomplished most worthy objectives to a degree beyond expectation within

such a short term, and far in excess of his three preceding Republican predecessors, some of which accomplishments are as follows:

1. The general cleanup of the city of Agana after many years of unsightly jungle growth and debris;

2. His support for the revocation of Executive Order No. 8683 (naval entry

clearance) by President Kennedy;

3. The highly needed return-to-the-soil program and the upbreeding of livestock, largely through the personal efforts of Gov. Bill Daniel;

4. Active effort and support in the development of the tourist industry for

Guam, including the impending construction of a hotel for the accommodation

of visitors to Guam;
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 9

5. The successful intervention and negotiation on behalf of the people of

Guam for the return of unused Federal lands to the government of Guam;

6. The development of park and beaches for public recreation;

7. The continued improvements of arterial highways and major trunkline;

8. The installation of street lights in the various districts and villages of

the territory;

9. The implementation of the intent and letter of section 9(a) of the Organic

Act of Guam, which section provides that preference be extend to persons of

Guamanian ancestry in all positions of trust and confidence;

10. His courageous stand in cooperation with the Sixth Guam Legislature

to increase taxes in the midst of declining revenues which permitted the continuation of the public programs and services now being enjoyed by the people of the territory, without which the curtailment of such services and facilities would have resulted, causing the people undue hardship.

Gov. Bill Daniel is the only civilian Chief Executive of Guam since the inception of the Organic Act of Guam who has been commended twice officially

by the Guam Legislature which is in itself one of the most remarkable events

in the political history of the territory of Guam.

Wherefore, the Democratic Party of Guam, by its executive committee, desires to express by this resolution its highest and deepest appreciation to

the constituted authorities of the United States of America for the meritorious

appointment of Bill Daniel as Governor of Guam, to whom complete support

has been extended during his tenure of office, the party furthermore pledging

to continue such support as his program advances so that the record of the

present Democratic Governor shall remain one unparalleled in the history of the

territory.

The Cm ERMAN. Now, Mr. Guerrero, you may proceed.

STATEMENT OF HON. MANUEL F. L. GUERRERO, NOMINEE TO BE

GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Mr. GUERRERO. Mr. Chairman, members of the committee, and

friends, first, let me say, and I hope it is recorded for all times, that

I am here today filled with pride and humility.

I greatly appreciate the honor which the President has given me

by nominating me as the next Governor of Guam.

I also appreciate the things said by Governor Daniel in his introduction.

I had the pleasure of working very closely with him on Guam and

am fully aware of his dedication and his accomplishments while there.

You gentlemen probably will recall that he stated when he resigned

last September that he was leaving the governorship so that a resident

of Guam could have a chance for appointment.

A moment ago I expressed appreciation to the President for selecting me for this high office.

I would also like to say that I see it not only as an honor but as a

challenge and fully realize that the responsibility is great.

We have in the government on our island many people who also

recognize their jobs as a challenge and know that they are faced with

responsibility, especially at this time.

On their behalf I would like to assure this committee that every

human effort possible is going to be made in the crucial months ahead

to erase the scars of our recent disaster and rebuild our island so that

it will be a true model of the American community for all of the

world to admire.

I realize, too, that you gentlemen have a great responsibility here

today.
10 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

You must study me and weigh my qualifications and make doubly

certain that the President has selected a man who will be Governor

of Guam with dignity and efficiency in the best American traditions.

For that reason let me dwell for a moment on my background.

I was born in 1914 in Agana, our capital city. My father, who died

in 1926, was a Navy bandsman. My mother still lives on Guam.

I was married in 1934 and Mrs. Guerrero and I have seven children.

We have been able to send the three eldest to the mainland for their

higher educations in smaller, inland colleges, because I feel that this

gives them a better chance to become close to our American way of life.

We plan to do the same with the younger children.

I first entered Government service in 1930 as a messenger in the

naval government which then administered our island.

I worked up through various administrative jobs and was island

bookkeeper when Guam fell to the Japanese at the start of World

War II.

During the war I was interned for a time and finally resorted to

farming to support my family until the day when we all knew the

United States would liberate us.

When the great day came in 1944, I was able to return to the military government and rose to the post of administrative assistant in

1948, when I left the government and spent 2 years in a private firm..

When President Truman signed the Organic Act of Guam, I returned to government service under our first civilian Governor, Mr.

Canton Skinner, who has been a firm friend throughout the years.

I held various positions in the government, including deputy director of land management, assistant secretary and staff director of

the legislature, until President Kennedy honored me with an appointment as secretary in May 1961.

I do not want to appear boastful, but I would like to tell you that

the President honored me with a second apointment last summer by

naming me Alternate Commissioner of the South Pacific Commission.

I was particularly pleased with that appointment because in this

job I do not represent just the island of Guam—I represent all of the

United States, and I naturally am flattered that Mr. Kennedy saw

fit to place such trust in me.

In addition to the positions I have named, I have also had some

on-the-job training for the governorship.

On a number of occasions when I have worked in the Governor's

office I have served as Acting Governor.

I have held that position since last September and was holding it

when our island was devastated last November 11-12 by Typhoon

Karen, the worst disaster Guam has ever known.

I believe that the news services covered the disaster very well, and

I have had expressions of sympathy and offers of assistance, which the

people of Guam appreciate very much, from members of this

committee.

So I know you are aware of our misfortune, and I will not bore you

with the details of the most terrifying experience of my life which

has greatly increased the problems which face the government of

Guam today.

But I would tell you that we are making some progress in our rehabilitation program and also that the people of our island are de-
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 11

termined to rebuild on standards which will follow those of other

American communities and which will prevent any other typhoon

from causing so much human suffering.

And the things which we are determined to do—such as rebuilding

our schools and hospitals, redeveloping our villages along orderly

lines, giving our people a chance to finance and build concrete homes--r

these things cost money.

The government of Guam is not rich.

So we are preparing to call upon the administration and the Congress for help, and we know that you also have money problems and

that we must approach you on a sound, sensible basis with programs

which you can accept.

I pledge myself and the people with whom I work to strive for that

approach and I humbly request your guidance and help because the

job which faces us is tremendous.

Following the storm, with magnificent assistance from all of the

Federal agencies and the Red Cross, we first attempted to care for the

emergency needs of our people on a temporary basis.

We have been able, thanks to that assistance, to alleviate much of

the human suffering.

And we are now at a point where we. are faced with an intermediate

program which includes such things as building a new high school to

get our children away from split shifts, replace our severely damaged

and inadequate hospital, redeveloping two of our largest villages

which were demolished, and at least beginning the construction of

water and sewer systems which will lead to the eventual redevelopment of other villages.

The people in the Guam government and those in the Department

of the Interior have worked tirelessly on formulating our thinking

on our needs and yesterday I had the pleasure of discussing some of

our suggestions with the House committee.

We find that the immediate things—those that I mentioned a moment ago and those on which we must and can begin work immediately—are going to cost about $19 million.

And as they are being done we expect to be putting into motion an

even more expansive recovery program which we hope to implement

over a 5-year period.

The entire cost is going to run to an estimated $62 million.

We are thinking of a program under which we would ask the Congress for authorization to borrow from the U.S. Treasury sums which

can be certified as required to participate in any given Federal program such as the Housing and Home Finance _Agency, Community

Facilities Administration, and Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare.

We feel that the plan should carry a provision under which, in the

event a Federal agency has a program applicable to Guam but does

not have the necessary funds, it could request the money in its regular

appropriation for the purpose specified, and, if the funds are granted,

the overall $62 million could be decreased accordingly.

We also hope for a provision under which Guam could participate

in Federal matching and grant programs at the prevailing rate or on

a 50-50 basis, whichever is most advantageous to Guam.

And we also hope for a provision under which the government of

Guam would repay the approximately $30 million it would borrow
12 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

from local revenue, because we feel that we owe you an indication that we are doing everything possible to help ourselves.

I believe we could work on a repayment rate of $1 million plus in- terest per year over a 30-year period.

I fully realize, gentlemen, that the problems which face us on Guam 'are not easy. The days ahead will be long and hard.

But I am prepared to accept the challenge, chiefly because I know that in any sensible undertaking I will have the support of the greatest Nation on the face of the earth.

I thank you for the honor of appearing before you.

And, in closing, let me ask on behalf of the people of Guam that

you continue to give our island the same sympathetic help and guidance that you have given us in the past.

Our need for it was never greater.

Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. You have spent quite a little time on how to get

over the typhoon but not much on regular government of the island.

You say:

We also hope for provision under which Guam could participate in a Federal matching and grant program on a 50-50 basis.

Does Guam keep all the revenue it gets now?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. It does not send any of it to the Federal Treasury?

Mr. GUERRERO. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. So why should the Federal Treasury send back

on a 50-50 basis?

Mr. GUERRERO. We feel that Guam, because of its geography and because it is at the crossroads of our world, we need to build an American community in Guam, and we need the assistance of the U.S.

Government.

The CHAIRMAN. You referred to borrowing from the U.S. Treasury.

Is the treasury of Guam in any worse shape than the U.S. Treasury, proportionately? What is the debt of Guam?

Mr. GUERRERO. We have no debt, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, have you heard about our debt?

Mr. GUERRERO. I have heard, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. But you want to borrow from us, when you have

no debt?

Mr. GUERRERO. We would like to borrow money to help us start on

a program of rebuilding. We do not have the money that we can put

on the initial construction for the development of the island. We hope

to be able to repay this loan that we would like to ask.

The CHAIRMAN. What sort of security would you have for repayment?

Mr. GUERRERO. I can say this: That we have 45,000 strong Americans out there, sir, in the territory of Guam.

The CHAIRMAN. That is about the kind of security we now have on

some of these loans, I guess.

It is a rather peculiar statement.

I was greatly interested in what Governor Daniel said a moment

ago at the close of his statement. He mentioned that he has tried hard

to get a Governor elected in Guam, and he presented you as someone

who would help that along. Do you believe there should be agitation

for the election of a Governor in Guam?
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 13

Mr. GUERRERO. Mr. Chairman, I believe that in the system of our

Government, a greater measure of participation is a good investment

in our form of living.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you think that was an answer to my question?

Mr. GUERRERO. I believe that the people of Guam will appreciate

it if they can be allowed to elect their Governor someday.

The CHAIRMAN. DO you favor that?

Mr. GUERRERO. I favor it, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Has the Congress ever had bills for the election

of the Governor of Guam, to your knowledge?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes, sir. Last year, I understand, there were some

bills introduced.

The CHAIRMAN. Not just last year. Steadily, has there not?

Mr. GUERRERO. Last year was the first time I am aware that a bill

for an elected Governor was introduced.

The CHAIRMAN. I will not argue that. Did it get out of committee?

Mr. GUERRERO. Not that I know of.

The CHAIRMAN. In either House or Senate?

Mr. GUERRERO. I am not aware of that, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You are not aware whether it got out of committee?

Mr. GUERRERO. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. And you were the secretary?

Mr. GUERRERO. I was the secretary, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. And you do not know whether the bill for election

of the Governor of Guam got out of committee in either House?

Mr. GUERRERO. The political representation up here is left up to

the Department of the Interior, and sometimes the members of the

legislature.

The CHAIRMAN. And Guam knew nothing about it, then?

Mr. GUERRERO. I am sure many in Guam knew something about it,

sir.

The CHAIRMAN. But it did not filter down to you in your responsibilities?

Mr. GUERRERO. I was very busy, sir. I was not able to follow it.

The CHAIRMAN. Then the Guamanians must not have been very

much interested, were they, if it did not get into the newspapers or

rumors circulated?

In politics in this country rumors circulate pretty fast. It does not

have to be in the newspaper. We can find out who our successors are

going to be a long time before the next election comes.

Mr. GUERRERO. The same holds true in Guam, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Therefore, this was not a very hot question in

Guam; was it?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes, sir; it was a hot question, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. But it was not hot enough for you to hear about it

in your position as secretary and Acting Governor?

Mr. GUERRERO. May I say that I detach myself from it. because I

have other assignments to do.

The CHAIRMAN. Other 'assignments?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. How big a legislature do you have in Guam?

Mr. GUERRERO. Twenty-one members, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Twenty-one. Did they favor this
14 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes, sir; they passed a resolution.

The CHAIRMAN. Dill you have to sign the resolution?

Mr. GUERRERO. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. The secretary has nothing to do with the resolution?

Mr. GUERRERO. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. So that that did not give you a clue as to what was

going on?

Mr. GUERRERO. Well, we received the resolution, and we filed it in

our department.

The CHAIRMAN. Filed it?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. We do that with most resolutions given to us, as

a matter of fact. It is a typical governmental activity, I guess.

Well, I was just wondering if you thought there was any obligation on the part of a Governor of Guam to live up to what the Congress had as its established policy, or whether he was the policymaker

for Guam.

Mr. GUERRERO. I feel this: That the Congress of the United States

is the policy-maker of the Government of the United. States, and I

subscribe to that principle.

The CHAIRMAN. Do you not regard Guam as a part of the Government of the United States?

Mr. GUERRERO. I regard Guam very strongly to be part of the

Government of the United States.

The CHAIRMAN. And if the Congress had a policy, then you would

feel you were supposed to carry out that policy?

Mr. GUERRERO. I shall see that it is enforced and followed.

The CHAIRMAN. I have asked too many questions, but you referred

to this organic act that was passed, and, as I remember it, I had quite

a little to do with that. I think I am the author of it, probably, and,

if there was a desire to change it, it would have been somewhat helpful, perhaps, if the people who wanted to change it could have come

back to the regularly constituted committee of the Congress and said,

"We have the right to petition the Congress." That is guaranteed to

it. But, if you go off contrary to what the Congress said, it is a strange

proceeding, I thought, and I just wondered what your feelings might

be on that.

Mr. GUERRERO. Let me say this: The organic act has played a very

important role in the life of the people of Guam. It is the instrument by which we live day to day. We appreciate it very much, the

passage of the organic act, the enactment of the organic act for Guam.

The people of Guam are ever grateful and thankful that the organic

act, sir, was enacted in our behalf.

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Kuchel ?

Senator KUCHEL. Governor, how many people live on Guam today?

Mr. GUERRERO. Civilian about 45,000, sir.

Senator KUCHEL. The Navy has installations in Guam; does it not

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes sir.

Senator KUCHEL. 110w many people are employed by the Navy?

Mr. GUERRERO. I do not know, sir. Are employed by the Navy, is

that what you said, the civilian population? About 1,400.

Senator KUCHEL. 1,400?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes.
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 15

Senator KUCHEL. What do the other people in Guam do for their

livelihood?

Mr. GUERRERO. The economy in Guam is a service economy. We

service the military installations. We have farms to supplement earnings, and we have a small inshore fishing industry. We have some industry—very light industry, we call it. We have a coral mining

industry. We have a cement block industry. We have a gas and

oxygen industry, and we have some interests coming into Guam from

the International Dairy people who wanted to manufacture the blue

seal milk in Guam. We have a small shipping industry that is now

being operated by Jones & Guerrero.

Senator KUCHEL. Would it be fair to say that the U.S. defense installations provide the bulk of the income to the people of Guam?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes sir.

Senator KUCHEL. And, if I understand it correctly, some of the

military installations there are for classified purposes?

Mr. GUERRERO. I suppose SO.

Senator KUCHEL. What, in general, is the tax structure of the government of Guam? How do the people pay?

Mr. GUERRERO. We have real estate taxes amounting to 3 percent

on the assessed valuation. The assessed valuation is 35 percent of

the actual valuation. This is on land and buildings. We have a 2

percent. gross receipts tax. We pay the income tax that is made

applicable in the U.S. Government. We have licenses; we have liquor

taxes, gasoline taxes, tobacco taxes, and we have permits and fees

for other forms of licenses such as retailers, wholesalers, service

agencies.

Senator KUCHEL. To your own knowledge, has there been any opposition, Governor, to your nomination by President Kennedy?

Mr. GUERRERO. No, sir. But I suppose I have people who do not

want me to become Governor.

The CHAIRMAN. You would not say it would make Won Pat deliriously happy?

Mr. GUERRERO. I could not say so, sir. I think Mr. Won Pat is a

close friend of mine.

Senator KUCHEL. Let me ask the staff: Has any kind of opposition

been registered with this committee on the Governor's nomination?

The CHAIRMAN. I think all of the information we have is very

favorable to the candidate for Governor.

Senator KUCHEL. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Bible?

Senator BIBLE. I have no questions, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Gruening ?

Senator GRLrENING. Yes, I have a question.

Mr. Guerrero, I take it you are happy that Guam is under the

American flag?

Mr. GUERRERO. Very much SO.

Senator GRUENING. Do you think it should become permanently a

part of the United States?

Mr. GUERRERO. It is a part of the United States.

Senator GUERNING. It is a part of the United States.

Now, you indicate that you need some financial help, $19 million

immediately, and, during the course of the next 5 years, $62 million.

Do you think that Congress is going to vote that amount?
a16 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Mr. GUERRERO. I am hoping that Congress will be sympathetic in its consideration.

Senator GRUENING. Have you ever given any thought to the fact that if you seceded and hoisted a foreign flag, you would get the money almost automatically?

Mr. GUERRERO. No, sir; we do not want that kind of financing.

Senator GRUENING. Despite the fact that, if you hoisted a foreign flag and threatened if you did not get it, that you would apply to Russia and would promptly get it, you still would not want independ- ence?

Mr. GUERRERO. Mr. Gruening, we went through 4 years of Japanese occupation. We starved; we scratched. We did not want that.

Senator GRUENING. That was before our foreign aid program.

Mr. GUERRERO. Even that, sir.

• Senator GRUENING. Even so, you prefer to remain American citizens?

Mr. GUERRERO. Loyalty you cannot buy, sir.

Senator GRUENING. Well, I congratulate you. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Jordan?

Senator JORDAN. Governor, I would like to know something about

your school system in Guam. Would you tell us a little about it?

Mr. GUERRERO. In Guam we have about 16,000 schoolchildren, 12,- 000 of whom are attending public school, 4,000 are attending private

schools. We have schools from the elementary—that is, the first

grade—to 4-year college now. Our high schools and elementary

schools—our high schools are accredited. Our elementary schools are

placed on a comparable standard with the States in the United States.

We believe that the school system of Guam should be the best. We

have a transient military personnel, civil service personnel who are

out there, schoolteachers who come out there to help us with our children.

We believe that these children should not be penalized when they

return to the States. We should provide comparable standards with

the States in the United States.

We believe this very strongly. We spent about $5 million operating

our schools annually. Before I left, the legislature passed a budget

of $4.7 million for the operation of our schools between July 1, 1963,

and June 30, 1964. We have our high schools accredited by the North

Central Association. Our college is presently accredited by Western.

College Association as a 2-year college association. We are now requesting that it be accredited for a 4-year college association by the

Western College Association.

Senator JORDAN. What is your total budget for operating expenses

of your government?

Mr. GUERRERO. Annually, we have spent close to about 10 percent

of our income for capital improvement. The rest goes to operating

our government.

If I may explain this, when the government of Guam was first

established, we inherited, or there was transferred to us quonset

schools, quonset facilities that we had, through the years, to continue

to maintain at a very high expense. We did not have the money,

enough money, to sufficiently replace these quonset facilities, these

temporary facilities, and our operating expense in maintaining these

facilities is very, very high.
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 17

Senator JORDAN. Do you get some help from the Federal Government by reason of being an impacted area?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes. We built about six schools with that money,

sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Excuse me, could I ask a question?

Have you built schools out of any other money in the last 10 years?

Mr. GTJERRERO. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. How many?

Mr. GUERRERO. About nine, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You have 15 new schools?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you.

Senator JORDAN. That is all.

Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Moss.

Senator Moss. I really have no questions, Mr. Chairman, except to

say that I am very happy to see Governor Guerrero here. I had the

opportunity of spending many hours with the Governor on the island

of Guam about 3 weeks after the typhoon devastation there. I think

I could have answered Senator Gruening's question about whether

Guam would be willing to secede from the United States for any monetary income, and the answer would be "No."

They have complete loyalty to the United States, and probably a

little more deep than we who are born here within the confines of the

continental United States.

We just do not stop to realize the value of that citizenship, and I

think the Guamanians do, from the time I spent with them.

I was very much impressed with the leadership of Governor

Guerrero, when I was on the island of Guam and when we saw the

terrible devastation of that island caused by the typhoon. I think

he eminently demonstrated through that critical period his qualifications to be a leader of the people of Guam, and I think that they are

a valuable asset to the United States—the people of Guam—fully as

much as the United States is to them.

I am most happy to see the Governor here and am very happy to

note that there is no indication of any opposition to his appointment

on the nomination given him by the President.

Happy to see you, Governor.

Mr. GITERRERO. Thank you, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Senator Burdick.

Senator BURDICK. Mr. Chairman, I too, would like to welcome Mr.

Guerrero to the committee, and I would like to compliment him for his

desire to learn more about the mainland of the United States and to

have your children know more about the mainland. That is an important factor in this office.

I notice in his prepared statement he says he sent his three eldest

children to the mainland because he felt that this would give them a

better chance to become close to our American way of life.

As I said, I think he has used good judgment because he sent his

three children to the University of North Dakota.

The CHAIRMAN. Well, that brings up what he actually said. He

said he sent them to small, inland colleges. Do you acknowledge that

this college is small?
18 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Senator BURDICK. I also acknowledge that it portrays the American

way of life.

The CHAIRMAN. Having been born in the State next to it, I will

have to take that as a fair answer. But one of the daughters goes to

Baylor University in the State of Texas.

Senator BURDICK. I might say, further, that his daughter has married, and become a citizen of Grand Forks, and is one of my constituents.

The CHAIRMAN. As to the question of Senator Jordan about

finances, the last audit that we have of Guam, dated June 30, 1962,

shows you had cash on deposit and on hand of $6.5 million. Would

you say that was about right?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes, I think so.

The CHAIRMAN. You had accounts receivable for medical services

for $1.5 million, and for taxes delinquent, $1,663,000, other items running to a total of $3.5 million, of which they thought about $3,118,000

was uncollectible. Therefore, all taxes must be uncollectible. Would

you say that was about right?

Mr. GUERRERO. No sir.

The CHAIRMAN. 10 you think that Ernst & Ernst are not reliable

auditors, then?

Mr. GUERRERO. No, I do not want to say that, sir. There are times,

naturally, when taxes would be difficult to collect, but we have an

agency that continues to try to collect this through the courts or by

withholding payments.

The CHAIRMAN. That tries to collect?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes.

The CHAIRMAN. What is the average tax collection in Guam? I do

not mean in dollars but in percentages. About how much of the tax

revenue do you collect?

Mr. GUERRERO. Actually, sir, we do not write off taxes. It is very

low, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. What is your tax revenue? How much does it

come to? How much do you levy in taxes? What do you expect

to receive from taxes in a year?

Mr. Gu ERRERO. We collected annually about $14 million before the

typhoon, sir, or that was the amount we estimated to collect as

revenues.

The CHAIRMAN. So that $1,663,000 in delinquent taxes is not very

large, in your opinion, even though uncollectible?

Mr. GUERRERO. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. All right, are there other questions?

Senator Metcalf?

Senator METCALF. No questions.

The CHAIRMAN. No other questions. Thank you very much.

The next witness will be Richard Lowe, a former Governor of Guam.

STATEMENT OF RICHARD LOWE, FORMER GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Mr. LOWE. I will make this very short, because I have a plane

to catch. I have been before this committee three times, once for

my own confirmation, as you remember. I do not think you gave

him quite as bad a time as you gave me when I came up.

The CHAIRMAN. You were a Republican.
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 19

Mr. LOWE. Then I was here for the confirmation of Joseph Flores

at the time he was the first native to be Governor of Guam, at the

time of my incumbency.

Now, I am here to testify in behalf of Mr. Guerrero.

When I went to Guam in 1956, there was a position in the Governor's office as Governor's aid. I had abolished this job and created

a new job as assistant secretary. Then I looked for the Guamanian

that I felt would fill this job best and would be the best administrative

assistant available to me among all the people that I could find in

Guam, and I appointed Manuel Guerrero.

I am sure this was the beginning of a chain of events, because

he went, from assistant secretary to secretary, and now he has been

nominated to the governorship. And so I want to say that my experience with Mr. Guerrero was very gratifying. He was loyal;

he was effective; he is a good administrator; he is sincere; and he

is honest.

I sincerely hope that he will be confirmed by the U.S. Senate.

Thank you very much.

The CHAIRMAN. Really, now, Governor, you did not have a very

bad time; did you?

Mr. LOWE. Pretty bad.

The CHAIRMAN. But you must not have read the hearings that

Governor Daniel had.

Mr. LOWE. No, I was not here at that time.

The CHAIRMAN. I thought we were very, very tolerant with you.

You did a good job, incidentally, and I am happy to put that into

the record.

Mr. LOWE. Thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you very much.

And now, from the House Committee on Interior and Insular

Affairs, Dr. John Taylor.

STATEMENT OF DR. JOHN TAYLOR, TERRITORIES CONSULTANT,

HOUSE COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS

Dr. TAYLOR. Mr. Chairman and members of the Senate Interior and

Insular Affairs Committee, Mr. Aspinall regrets that he cannot be

here this morning to present his statement on behalf of Mr. Guerrero,

Before departing for the Colorado Mining Convention this morning,

Mr. Aspinall arranged to have me read his short statement for him, and

I should like to do so at this time.

Mr. Aspinall states:

Mr. Chairman and members of the Senate Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, it is with genuine pleasure that I endorse the nomination of Hon. Manuel

Flores Leon Guerrero, secretary of Guam, to become Governor of Guam. I have

known the Governor-designee for the past 10 years and have watched him as he

progressed from one position of responsibility to another under the administrations of the past five Governors of Guam.

Mr. Guerrero has grown up with the government of Guam. His capabilities

were first recognized by the Navy during its administration of the island. At

the age of 17 he began working for the naval government as a messenger and

during the next 20 years he was employed in several departments of the government. As an evidence of his broad background, may I state that Mr. Guerrero

served as a member of the First Guam Legislature for 2 years while he was

engaged in private business and that at one time he was staff director for the

legislature. Likewise, in 1952, he joined the territorial government as assistant
20 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

director of land management under the island's first civilian governor, Hon. Carlton Skinner. Each of the succeeding Governors, Governor Elvidge, Governor Lowe, Governor Flores, and Governor Daniel, recommended that Mr. Guerrero be retained in office to provide the continuity of service that is so essential to

progress and development of a territory. In each case Mr. Guerrero quietly and efficiently performed his duties which, as we see, eventually led to this appoint- ment. On several occasions Mr. Guerrero has been designated Acting Governor during the Governor's temporary absence from the island.

Mr. Guerrero was signally recognized by his designation as alternate U.S. Commissioner on the South Pacific Commission. As has already been stated, Mr. Guerrero was appointed secretary of Guam in May 1961, and he has been Acting Governor since September 1962.

With great interest I followed the performance of Acting Governor Guerrero during and since the disastrous Typhoon Karen which devastated Guam last November. With the calmness and good judgment that becomes a Governor, Mr. Guerrero with the complete cooperation and confidence of the military authori- ties and the people of Guam immediately undertook a program of emergency and long-range planning for the island. One of the outstanding evidences of his leadership was his delegation of authority to responsible persons on Guam and assignment of duties to them. He expected and received their fullest coopera- tion. The rehabilitation progress being made on Guam today is a tribute to Mr. Guerrero and those with whom he has been working so closely over the past 3

months.

I am delighted that a second Guamanian is being appointed Governor of Guam.

Many of you will recall that Gov. Joseph Flores, also a Guamanian, served in this capacity a few years ago. When I see that the abilities of the islanders

themselves are being recognized by our Government and promotions are being made from within, it makes me feel that our administration of the territories is successful and that our promises of more self-government are genuine and not Idle gestures. I am convinced that Mr. Guerrero's selection is a sound one and that he has the support and confidence of the persons with whom he has been and will be working. I extend my best wishes to Mr. Guerrero, his lovely wife, and his fine family. I commend the Secretary of the Interior for his recommen- dation and the President for appointing Manuel Guerrero Governor of Guam. I

respectfully ask that this committee recommend his confirmation.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you. And you tell Chairman Aspinall we appreciate very much this fine statement he sent over on this occasion.

Dr. TAYLOR. I certainly shall.

The CHAIRMAN. Are there any questions anyone would like to ask?

Thank you very much, Dr. Taylor.

I would like to insert in the record at this point a statement from Carlton Skinner, who is a former Governor of Guam and who strongly

endorses the appointment and confirmation of Mr. Guerrero.

(The statement is as follows:)

STATEMENT OF CARLTON 'SKINNER

My name is Carlton Skinner. I reside at 347 East 84th Street, New York City.

As Governor of Guam from 1949 to 1953, I enjoyed the privilege of appearing

before this committee and am aware of the many demands on its time. Therefore, my statement will be brief.

Manuel Guerrero will be an outstanding Governor of Guam. He is able,

careful, thoughtful, patient, studious, courageous, diligent, and patriotic. During

my term of office as Governor of Guam, I worked as closely with him as with

any other person in the territory. I found his judgment sound, his sympathy

generous, his understanding realistic, and his performance of duty conscientious.

As early as 1950, I named him as Acting Governor during the occasional en- forced absence from the territory both of the Governor and the government secretary. This began for him a dozen years of continuous major responsibility for

the sound and proper conduct of governmental affairs in Guam.

Guam is a small and remote territory of the United States with a small population. These facts sometimes deceive the unthinking. Guam is also America's part of the Far East, the show window for democracy in that enormous

area of conflicting ideologies. The success of our Government in providing stable
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 21

administration, opportunity for all citizens, protection for private enterprise,

and support for the common good is watched closely in the foreign nations

that rim the Pacific. Add to this the fact that, in the interests of economy

and efficiency, all local governmental functions are performed by the territorial

government, as well as many Federal functions. The government of Guam

embraces the responsibilities of State, county, and city government, school,

college, sanitation, and utility districts, harbor board, water supply, and many

other services. It provides all civil law enforcement, detention facilities for

the local and Federal Governments, and space and facilities for the U.S. court

and for other Federal functions. In small and large ways, too numerous to

mention, it supports and assists the armed services in maintenance of the vital

air and naval installations in Guam. It provides logistic help for the government

of the Trust Territory of the Pacific. It provides the passport service for the

State Department. The Governor of Guam is first and foremost the President's

representative who must at all times keep in mind the national interest.

Manuel Guerrero is fully capable of discharging this complex and important

set of responsibilities with honor. In addition, he has a humility and natural

understanding of the impact of government on the individual citizen. It is my

belief that he views government as a collection of services maintained to do

collectively for the people only those things which they are unable or are

prevented from doing for themselves. It is my belief that he respects the dignity

of the individual human being and recognizes that such dignity can be preserved

only if the individual human being is self-reliant and capable of deciding his

own problems and determining his own future without the enervation of subjection to bureaucratic institutions. I respectfully urge that this committee

recommend his confirmation to the Senate.

Mr. CHAIRMAN. May I explain, Mr. Guerrero, that we sometimes

hurry these matters up, and I know there is supposedly an inauguration coming on the 16th, but the Senate is not in what you would call

very good shape to transact business next week.

Some Members will be out making speeches in behalf of the patron

saints of their parties and others will be home, just talking to their

constituents.

There was a request from one member of the committee that he have

a chance to examine the record before a final vote is taken, and I feel

I am obligated to do that.

We also are suffering from the absence today of the ranking member

of this committee, who, probably, some of these days, will be taking

over this committee as chairman of it, but he is recovering from the

birth of an 8.5-pound daughter to his wife yesterday, and has not

been able to show up, as yet, this morning. We are all very happy

about that.

But I want to say this to you: That if I were you, in view of these

fine statements that have been made in your behalf, I would safely rest

my trust in the present members of the Senate Committee on Interior

and Insular Affairs, and go through the inauguration with the full

expectation that you will finally be confirmed as Governer.

I cannot ever predict what the Senate is going to do, as I found

out yesterday, and have periodically found out from time to time, but

I do believe that the Senate will follow the recommendation of this

committee, and I have a feeling that this committee will use excellent

judgment in this case, and can be expected to come up with a favorable

verdict.

Senator Kuchel ?

Senator KUCHEL. Yes, Mr. Chairman, if I may..

Governor, I do not have the pleasure of knowing you personally.

T do know you, in part, because citizens of my State in whom I have

great faith, have earnestly recommended to me your confirmation by

the Senate, and the recommendation of this committee in that regard.
22 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

In addition, I must say you should feel considerable pride in the manner in which people have come forward to testify in your behalf. In the busy life of any Member of the U.S. Senate, it is difficult, sometimes, for individual Members to know as much as they should about every responsibility which they face. I do not know as much

as I would like to know about Guam. I do know that it represents

an area of considerable importance to this country, and, I think, of the free world. I would look upon the governorship of Guam as a

great honor for anyone to occupy that responsibility. I know of no

reason why you should not be confirmed. I know of no reason why

you should not look forward to an opportunity of working for the people of Guam and for the people of the United States. I simply wanted to add that statement because, as the chairman has indicated, it is difficult to transact business in the Senate and in this committee at the moment, and I quite concur. As a matter of fact, I

suggested to the chairman that since some members who have indicated

an interest in perusing this record are not here today, the committee should continue its final decision on the matter.

But, if I may, speaking for myself, I know of no reason—and I re- peat this—why you should not look forward to an opportunity to serve

your people and your country.

The CHAIRMAN. I do not wish to foreclose anyone else who may have

a statement.

Senator Gruening ?

Senator GRUENING. I want to say that I highly approve of the Pres- ident's policy of appointing a Guamanian resident citizen to the gover- norship. I think we should proceed with this policy with all our out- lying remaining dependent areas. I have known about Mr. Guerrero. I met him when I was out there about 3 years ago. I think it is an excellent appointment, and I shall vote for his confirmation. The CHAIRMAN. The committee is in receipt of several resolutions endorsing Mr. Guerrero. One is from the Seventh Guam Legislature. I will order them printed at this point in the record. (The resolutions are as follows:)

SEVENTH GUAM LEGISLATURE

1963 (First) Regular Session

RESOLUTION NO. 19

Relative to Unanimously and Unequivocably Endorsing the Proposed Appoint- ment of the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero by President Kennedy as the Next Governor of Guam

Be it resolved by the Legislature of the Territory of Guam:

Whereas a lifelong public servant, with unquestioned and unimpeachable integrity, in the person of Mr. Manuel F. L. Guerrero, presently occupying the second highest position within our local government, that of the secretary of Guam, has been designated by the President of the United States as the next Governor of Guam; and

Whereas the members of this legislature, all fully aware of the talents and capabilities of Mr. Guerrero, and his competence to hold the highest position in our local government, cannot but concede and agree that Mr. Guerrero is the most logical choice as the next Governor of Guam from and after the effective date of the resignation of the encumbent Governor, Mr. Guerrero having indubitably performed wonders in the wake of the greatest natural disaster to his Guam, and having demonstrated his ability, competence, proficiency, and dexterity in guid- ing the affairs of the people of Guam all through and after the typhoon, thereby earning the respect and admiration of not only the people of Guam but the Presi-
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 23

dent of the United States, the Secretary of the Interior, and other high Federal

officials; and

Whereas although Mr. Guerrero's appointment by President Kennedy is a foregone conclusion, nevertheless, the members of this legislature wish to record their

unanimous and unquestioned endorsement of Mr. Guerrero as the next Governor

of Guam: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the members of the Seventh Guam Legislature, jointly and

severally, and as representatives of the people of Guam, do hereby strongly endorse the nomination of the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero as the next Governor of Guam; and be it further

Resolved, That the speaker certify to and the legislative secretary attest the

adoption hereof and that copies of the same be thereafter transmitted to the President of the United States, Secretary of the Interior, chairman, Senate Committee

on Interior and Insular Affairs, and to the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero,

Acting Governor of Guam.

Duly adopted on the 21st day of January 1963.

V. B. BAMBA,

Legislative Secretary.

A. B. WON PAT,

Speaker.

DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF GUAM

Agana, Guam

RESOLUTION

Relative to commending the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero, Acting Governor

of Guam, and endorsing him as the next Chief Executive of the territory of Guam

Whereas the Honorable Manuel F. L. Guerrero, a trusted and long-time public

servant of this territory, was appointed secretary of Guam in 1960 by the

Democratic President of the United States, and since the 27th day of September

1962 has been Acting Governor of the territory of Guam; and

Whereas Acting Governor Guerrero proved his worth and value beyond all

reasonable expectations during and immediately following Typhoon Karen, which

cataclysm caused such fantastic devastation and havoc to the people of Guam

that President Kennedy forthwith declared Guam to be a major disaster area;

and

Whereas Mr. Guerrero, as Acting Governor of Guam, parctically singlehandedly

bore the burden, during the Typhoon Karen crisis, of leading the community out

from under the rubble and devastation left by the typhoon, and in such crucial

position, he ably, competently, and most energetically marshaled the resources

of the entire island, including the military activities within Guam, to aid and

assist the people of Guam in their hour of extensive need, thus personally leading the way to rapid recovery and reconstruction from the ravages of the great

storm; and

Whereas Acting Governor Guerrero, throughout the crisis, went for days

without adequate rest, in order that our devasted community could as rapidly

as possible obtain all needed assistance, and completely subordinated his own

affairs to the problem of quickly alleviating the sufferings of the people of Guam;

and

Whereas the Democratic Party of Guam firmly believes that no other person

occupying such a responsible position could have done any better during such

crisis, the party further being convinced that even were Guam not to have

suffered from the typhoon, which crisis gave Mr. Guerrero the opportunity to show

the world his worth, Acting Governor Guerrero has in the past fully proved

beyond doubt that he is capable of holding the positions as the next appointed

Governor of Guam; and

Whereas the President of the United States has indicated that he will appoint

Mr. Guerrero as the next Governor of Guam, thereby vindicating our faith in

Mr. Guerrero's qualifications and ability to hold the highest position in the

territory of Guam: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved, That the Democratic Party of Guam does hereby, on behalf of the

thousands of Democrats in the territory and on behalf of all other persons who

were here on Guam during the Typhoon Karen crisis, express its warmest and

most sincere approbation and commendation to the Honorable Manuel F. L.
24 NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM

Guerrero, secretary of Guam and Acting Governor of Guam, for a tremendous

job well done, for his inspiring leadership as Acting Chief Executive, for his

obtaining the utmost cooperation from all segments of the community, particularly from the military facilities on Guam, and, generally, for his magnificent achievements on behalf of the people of Guam during and after such crisis;

and be it further

Resolved, That the Democratic Party of Guam does hereby unequivocally and

unhesitatingly endorse and approve of the appointment of the Honorable Manuel

F. L. Guerrero as the next Chief Executive of the territory of Guam; and be it

further

Resolved, That copies of this resolution be transmitted to the President of

United States, to the Secretary of the Interior, to the chairman of the Interior

and Insular Affairs Committee, Senate and House, to the chairman of the

Democratic National Committee, and to the Acting Governor of Guam.

OFFICE OF THE COMMISSIONER,

Asan, Guam, January 21, 1963.

Hon. CLINTON P. ANDERSON,

Chairman, Committee on Interior and Insult:4.Affairs,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR SIR: As municipal commissioner of Asan and Maim, I wish to solicit

the endorsement of your honorable committee, the appointment of Hon. Manuel

F. L. Guerrero, as Governor of Guam to succeed Hon. William (Bill) Daniel.

Mr. Guerrero has shown great interest in working toward the welfare of the

people of the territory. He is loyal, trustworthy, and fair to all American

citizens. His leadership is an inspiration to all of us here.

Your favorable consideration in this respect is greatly appreciated by the

people of Asan and Mama, as well as other American citizens in this territory.

As we say it in Guamanian, "Si Yuus Maase, ya si Yuus in fan benendisi

todos."

Yours respectfully,

JOAQUIN S. SANTOS,

Municipal Commissioner.

The CHAIRMAN. One further item: A letter has been sent to the

chairman by Mr. Edward A. McDermott, Director of the Office of

Emergency Planning, with respect to the posttyphoon activity on

Guam. I think it would be appropriate to include Mr. McDermott's

letter since the effects of the severe typhoon that struck Guam last

November were discussed. I could not quite see how that had a bearing on the Governor, but he has a couple of times mentioned his favoring the candidate for Governor, so we will include this letter also.

( The letter referred to follows:)

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT,

OFFICE OF EMERGENCY PLANNING,

Washington, D.C., February 4, 1963.

Hon. CLINTON P. ANDERSON,

Chairman, Interior and Insular Affairs Committee,

U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.

DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Knowing the interest of you and your committee in the

territory of Guam, I wish to summarize for you briefly some aspects of the participation of this agency in posttyphoon activities there.

As you know, Typhoon Karen struck Guam on Sunday, November 11, 1962—

the worst typhoon in the history of the island. Power and water supplies and

communications were knocked out completely and a substantial majority of all

residential structures were destroyed or suffered major damage. A general

estimate fixed damage to public property at $56 million and $52 million damage to

private property.

When the disaster struck, Acting Gov. Manuel F. L. Guerrero initiated immediate actions to save life and property and promptly requested the necessary

Federal assistance to do those things beyond the capability of local authorities.

I personally presented the facts of the typhoon to President Kennedy, who de-
NOMINATION FOR GOVERNOR OF GUAM 25

dared Guam a major disaster area on November 12, 1962, thereby authorizing

Federal assistance under Public Law 81-875.

On November 12, I dispatched a member of our Santa Rosa, Calif., regional

office staff to direct and coordinate Federal agency assistance in Guam. He was

followed by senior members of my staff who have been in Guam continuously

until last week working closely with territorial and local authorities, Federal

department and agency representatives, and military authorities.

Immediately following the storm, with the close cooperation of Governor

Guerrero and his representatives, military authorities in the territory, other

Federal agencies, and the American Red Cross, damage was surveyed, requirements determined, and all possible assistance provided to shelter, feed, and

otherwise meet the immediate needs of the civil population.

Debris was cleared from the roadways and the U.S. Navy was directed to

supervise emergency repairs to the power system, sewer system, primary communication system, the port facilities, and schools. Some schools were reopened on a double-shift basis on November 26.

I have just returned from a visit to Guam where I had an opportunity to

review the status of recovery and observe first hand the results of the splendid

cooperation extended by Acting Governor Guerrero to the Office of Emergency

Planning, the military authorities, and other agencies.

Much more rehabilitation remains to be accomplished. Immediate work is

necessary in the school system and for hospital repairs. With the cooperation

of the Acting Governor of Guam we are proceeding with a program for the

erection of temporary housing to meet the needs of those whose homes must

be rebuilt. I am confident that the continued cooperation of Governor Guerrero will aid us in the fulfillment of our objectives under Public Law 81-875,

and that the leadership and cooperation he has provided has permitted more

rapid progress toward rehabilitation than would otherwise have been possible.

Sincerely,

EDWARD A. MCDERMOTT.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you all very much.

This will conclude the hearing on the nomination for Governor of

Guam.

(Whereupon, at 10:55 a.m., the committee adjourned, subject to

the call of the Chair.)