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[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 87 (Thursday, May 5, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 27025-27030]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-10582]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0213; FRL-9945-58]

Butanedioic Acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
Disodium Salts; Exemption From the Requirement of a Tolerance

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes an exemption from the requirement 
of a tolerance for residues of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-
isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts (CAS Reg. No. 815583-91-6) 
when used as an inert ingredient (surfactant) in pesticides applied to 
growing crops and raw agricultural commodities after harvest under 40 
CFR 180.910 limited to maximum concentration of 10% by weight in 
pesticide formulations. Keller and Heckman LLP on behalf of Cytec 
Industries, Inc. submitted a petition to EPA under the Federal Food, 
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), requesting establishment of an 
exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. This regulation 
eliminates the need to establish a maximum permissible level for 
residues of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-
rich, disodium salts.

DATES: This regulation is effective May 5, 2016. Objections and 
requests for hearings must be received on or before July 5, 2016, and 
must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR 
part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).

ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, identified by docket 
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0213, is available at http://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory 
Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the Environmental Protection Agency 
Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 
1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001. The Public 
Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public 
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the OPP 
Docket is (703) 305-5805. Please review the visitor instructions and 
additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan Lewis, Registration Division 
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; main telephone 
number: (703) 305-7090; email address: RDFRNotices@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
The following

[[Page 27026]]

list of North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes 
is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide to help 
readers determine whether this document applies to them. Potentially 
affected entities may include:
     Crop production (NAICS code 111).
     Animal production (NAICS code 112).
     Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).

B. How can I get electronic access to other related information?

    You may access a frequently updated electronic version of 40 CFR 
part 180 through the Government Printing Office's e-CFR site at http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab_02.tpl.

C. How can I file an objection or hearing request?

    Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21 U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an 
objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a 
hearing on those objections. You must file your objection or request a 
hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided 
in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify 
docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0213 in the subject line on the first 
page of your submission. All objections and requests for a hearing must 
be in writing, and must be received by the Hearing Clerk on or before 
July 5, 2016. Addresses for mail and hand delivery of objections and 
hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b).
    In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the 
Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of 
the filing (excluding any Confidential Business Information (CBI)) for 
inclusion in the public docket. Information not marked confidential 
pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA without 
prior notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your objection or hearing 
request, identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0213, by one of 
the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit 
electronically any information you consider to be CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
     Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket 
Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 
20460-0001.
     Hand Delivery: To make special arrangements for hand 
delivery or delivery of boxed information, please follow the 
instructions at http://www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.

Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along 
with more information about dockets generally, is available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.

II. Petition for Exemption

    In the Federal Register of May 20, 2015 (80 FR 28925) (FRL-9927-
39), EPA issued a document pursuant to FFDCA section 408, 21 U.S.C. 
346a, announcing the filing of a pesticide petition (PP IN-10760) by 
Keller and Heckman LLP, (1001 G Street NW., Suite 500, Washington, DC 
20001) on behalf of Cytec Industries, Inc. (5 Garret Mountain Plaza, 
Woodland Park, NJ 07424). The petition requested that 40 CFR 180.910 be 
amended by establishing an exemption from the requirement of a 
tolerance for residues of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl 
esters, C10-rich, disodium salts (CAS Reg. No. 815583-91-6) when used 
as an inert ingredient (surfactant) in pesticide formulations applied 
to growing crops and raw agricultural commodities after harvest. That 
document referenced a summary of the petition prepared by Keller and 
Heckman LLP, on behalf of Cytec Industries, Inc., the petitioner, which 
is available in the docket, http://www.regulations.gov. There were no 
comments received in response to the notice of filing.
    Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has 
limited the maximum concentration of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-
11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts to 10% by weight in 
pesticide formulations. This limitation is based on the Agency's risk 
assessment which can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in document 
``Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts (CAS Reg No. 815583-91-6); Human Health Risk Assessment 
and Ecological Effects Assessment to Support Proposed Exemption from 
the Requirement of a Tolerance When Used as an Inert Ingredient in 
Pesticide Formulations'' in docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2015-0213.

III. Inert Ingredient Definition

    Inert ingredients are all ingredients that are not active 
ingredients as defined in 40 CFR 153.125 and include, but are not 
limited to, the following types of ingredients (except when they have a 
pesticidal efficacy of their own): Solvents such as alcohols and 
hydrocarbons; surfactants such as polyoxyethylene polymers and fatty 
acids; carriers such as clay and diatomaceous earth; thickeners such as 
carrageenan and modified cellulose; wetting, spreading, and dispersing 
agents; propellants in aerosol dispensers; microencapsulating agents; 
and emulsifiers. The term ``inert'' is not intended to imply 
nontoxicity; the ingredient may or may not be chemically active. 
Generally, EPA has exempted inert ingredients from the requirement of a 
tolerance based on the low toxicity of the individual inert 
ingredients.

IV. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Section 408(c)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish an 
exemption from the requirement for a tolerance (the legal limit for a 
pesticide chemical residue in or on a food) only if EPA determines that 
the exemption is ``safe.'' Section 408(c)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines 
``safe'' to mean that ``there is a reasonable certainty that no harm 
will result from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue, 
including all anticipated dietary exposures and all other exposures for 
which there is reliable information.'' This includes exposure through 
drinking water and in residential settings, but does not include 
occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to 
give special consideration to exposure of infants and children to the 
pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance or exemption and 
to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will 
result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide 
chemical residue. . . .''
    EPA establishes exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance only 
in those cases where it can be clearly demonstrated that the risks from 
aggregate exposure to pesticide chemical residues under reasonably 
foreseeable circumstances will pose no appreciable risks to human 
health. In order to determine the risks from aggregate exposure to 
pesticide inert ingredients, the Agency considers the toxicity of the 
inert ingredient in conjunction with possible exposure to residues of 
the inert ingredient through food, drinking water, and through other 
exposures that occur as a result of pesticide use in residential 
settings. If EPA is able to determine that a finite tolerance is not 
necessary to ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm 
will result from aggregate

[[Page 27027]]

exposure to the inert ingredient, an exemption from the requirement of 
a tolerance may be established.
    Consistent with FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(A), and the factors 
specified in FFDCA section 408(c)(2)(B), EPA has reviewed the available 
scientific data and other relevant information in support of this 
action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a 
determination on aggregate exposure for butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-
C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts including exposure 
resulting from the exemption established by this action. EPA's 
assessment of exposures and risks associated with butanedioic acid, 2-
sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered their 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children. Specific information on the studies received and the nature 
of the adverse effects caused by butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-
isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts as well as the no-observed-
adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-
level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies are discussed in this unit.
    Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts is of low acute oral and dermal toxicity in rats. The 
acute oral and dermal LD50s are >1,600 milligram/kilogram 
(mg/kg). It is irritating to the eyes but not the skin of rabbits. 
Neither inhalation nor sensitization studies are available.
    90-day oral toxicity studies are available in rats and dogs. In the 
rat, toxicity is manifested as decreased body weight and food 
efficiency at 4% (equivalent to 3,080 milligram/kilogram/day (mg/kg/
day)) of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts. In dogs, toxicity is manifested as testicular atrophy 
at 0.5% (equivalent to 125 mg/kg/day). The NOAEL in this study is 0.12% 
(equivalent to 30 mg/kg/day). The chronic reference dose (cRfD) is 
based on this study.
    A combined reproductive and developmental study on rats is 
available with butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, 
C10-rich, disodium salts. Quantitative fetal susceptibility is observed 
as reduced pup weight at 1% (equivalent to 750 mg/kg/day). Maternal 
toxicity is reported only with regard to reproduction toxicity and 
included a reduced number of viable embryos and live-born per litter, 
and reduced fertility, viability and lactation indices at 4% 
(equivalent to 3,000 mg/kg/day).
    Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts is not expected to be carcinogenic based on the absence 
of structural alerts using the Derek Nexus program and the lack of 
mutagenicity in two Ames tests.
    Neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity studies with butanedioic acid, 2-
sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts are not 
available for review. However, no evidence of potential neurotoxicity 
or immunotoxicity is observed in the submitted studies.
    Metabolism studies with butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-
isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts are not available for review. 
However, it is expected that these salts will readily hydrolyze 
(primarily in the intestine, blood and liver) by carboxylesterases 
resulting in the corresponding alcohol (C9-C l1 isoalkyl, Cl0 rich). 
The fatty alcohol is expected to be metabolized via normal metabolic 
pathways (oxidation, followed by normal fatty acid metabolism).

B. Toxicological Points of Departure/Levels of Concern

    Once a pesticide's toxicological profile is determined, EPA 
identifies toxicological points of departure (POD) and levels of 
concern to use in evaluating the risk posed by human exposure to the 
pesticide. For hazards that have a threshold below which there is no 
appreciable risk, the toxicological POD is used as the basis for 
derivation of reference values for risk assessment. PODs are developed 
based on a careful analysis of the doses in each toxicological study to 
determine the dose at which the NOAEL and the LOAEL are identified. 
Uncertainty/safety factors are used in conjunction with the POD to 
calculate a safe exposure level--generally referred to as a population-
adjusted dose (PAD) or a reference dose (RfD)--and a safe margin of 
exposure (MOE). For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes that any 
amount of exposure will lead to some degree of risk. Thus, the Agency 
estimates risk in terms of the probability of an occurrence of the 
adverse effect expected in a lifetime. For more information on the 
general principles EPA uses in risk characterization and a complete 
description of the risk assessment process, see http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/riskassess.htm.
    An acute effect was not found in the database therefore an acute 
dietary assessment was not conducted. The cRfD as well as all exposure 
scenarios was based on the 90-day oral toxicity study in the dog. In 
this study, the LOAEL was 0.5% (equivalent to 125 mg/kg/day) based on 
testicular atrophy in males. The NOAEL was 0.12% (equivalent to 30 mg/
kg/day). This represents the lowest NOAEL in the most sensitive species 
in the toxicity database. The standard uncertainty factors were applied 
to account for interspecies (10x) and intraspecies (10x) variations. 
Default values of 100% absorption were used for the dermal and 
inhalation factors.

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary 
exposure to butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-
rich, disodium salts, EPA considered exposure under the proposed 
exemption from the requirement of a tolerance. EPA assessed dietary 
exposures from butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, 
C10-rich, disodium salts in food as follows:
    Dietary exposure (food and drinking water) to butanedioic acid, 2-
sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts can occur 
following ingestion of foods with residues from treated crops. Because 
no adverse effects attributable to a single exposure of butanedioic 
acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts are 
seen in the toxicity databases, an acute dietary risk assessment was 
not conducted. For the chronic dietary risk assessment, EPA used the 
Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model software with the Food Commodity 
Intake Database (DEEM-FCIDTM, Version 3.16, and food 
consumption information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's 
(USDA's) 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 
What We Eat in America (NHANES/WWEIA). As to residue levels in food, no 
residue data were submitted for butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-
isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts. In the absence of specific 
residue data, EPA has developed an approach which uses surrogate 
information to derive upper bound exposure estimates for the subject 
inert ingredient. Upper bound exposure estimates are based on the 
highest tolerance for a given commodity from a list of high use 
insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides. 100 percent crop treated 
(PCT), default processing

[[Page 27028]]

factors, and tolerance-level residues were assumed for all foods, and 
the assessment incorporated the use limitation that the ingredient will 
be present in pesticide formulations at a concentration of not more 
than 10% by weight. A complete description of the general approach 
taken to assess inert ingredient risks in the absence of residue data 
is contained in the memorandum entitled ``Alkyl Amines Polyalkoxylates 
(Cluster 4): Acute and Chronic Aggregate (Food and Drinking Water) 
Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessments for the Inerts,'' (D361707, S. 
Piper, 2/25/09) and can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in 
docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0738.
    2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. For the purpose of the 
screening level dietary risk assessment to support this request for an 
exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for butanedioic acid, 2-
sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts, a 
conservative drinking water concentration value of 100 parts per 
billion (ppb) based on screening level modeling was used to assess the 
contribution to drinking water for the chronic dietary risk assessments 
for parent compound. These values were directly entered into the 
dietary exposure model.
    3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., textiles (clothing and diapers), carpets, swimming 
pools, and hard surface disinfection on walls, floors, tables).
    Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts may be used in inert ingredients in products that are 
registered for specific uses that may result in residential exposure, 
such as pesticides used in and around the home. Based on the available 
data for products registered for residential use, the Agency concluded 
that products containing inert chemicals similar to butanedioic acid, 
2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts (ie 
surfactant) usually comprise no more than 2-5% of the inert ingredient 
in the final product. Therefore, the Agency conducted an assessment to 
represent conservative residential exposure by assessing butanedioic 
acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts in 
pesticide formulations (outdoor scenarios) and in disinfectant-type 
uses (indoor scenarios) at no more than 5% in the final formulation.
    4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.''
    EPA has not found butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl 
esters, C10-rich, disodium salts to share a common mechanism of 
toxicity with any other substances, and butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-
C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts does not appear to 
produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For the 
purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has assumed that 
butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium 
salts does not have a common mechanism of toxicity with other 
substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which 
chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the 
cumulative effects of such chemicals, see EPA's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.

D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    1. In general. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA provides that EPA 
shall apply an additional tenfold (10X) margin of safety for infants 
and children in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal 
and postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity 
and exposure unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a 
different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. This 
additional margin of safety is commonly referred to as the Food Quality 
Protection Act Safety Factor (FQPA SF). In applying this provision, EPA 
either retains the default value of 10X, or uses a different additional 
safety factor when reliable data available to EPA support the choice of 
a different factor.
    2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. The toxicity database for 
butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium 
salts contains subchronic, combined reproduction/teratology and 
mutagenicity studies. There is no indication of potential neurotoxicity 
or immunotoxicity in the available studies. Quantitative increased 
fetal susceptibility was observed in the combined reproduction/
teratology study in rats. Fetal toxicity (reduced pup weight) was 
observed at the lowest dose tested, 750 mg/kg/day. Maternal/
reproduction toxicity was observed at 3,000 mg/kg/day and manifested as 
a reduction in the number of viable embryos, live-born per litter, 
fertility, viability, and lactation indices. The addition of a 10x FQPA 
safety factor to account for quantitative susceptibility and LOAEL to 
NOAEL extrapolation is not necessary because it would result in a cRfD 
of 0.75 mg/kg/day and the established cRfD is 0.30 mg/kg/day. The cRfD 
is considerably lower and will be protective of fetal susceptibility 
and effects observed at 750 mg/kg/day. Therefore, retention of the FQPA 
safety factor is unnecessary. There is low concern for reproduction 
toxicity since the aforementioned effects occurred above the limit dose 
of 1,000 mg/kg/day and a clear NOAEL of 750 mg/kg/day was established. 
Therefore, the established cRfD will be protective of these effects. In 
addition, the Agency used the most conservative (highest) exposure 
estimates and assumptions, including 100 PCT and tolerance-level 
residues for all foods, conservative estimates of drinking water 
exposure, and a conservative assessment of potential residential 
exposure for infants and children. Therefore, the FQPA SF of 10x is 
reduced to 1x.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    EPA determines whether acute and chronic dietary pesticide 
exposures are safe by comparing aggregate exposure estimates to the 
acute PAD (aPAD) and chronic PAD (cPAD). For linear cancer risks, EPA 
calculates the lifetime probability of acquiring cancer given the 
estimated aggregate exposure. Short-, intermediate-, and chronic-term 
risks are evaluated by comparing the estimated aggregate food, water, 
and residential exposure to the appropriate PODs to ensure that an 
adequate MOE exists.
    1. Acute risk. An acute aggregate risk assessment takes into 
account acute exposure estimates from dietary consumption of food and 
drinking water. No adverse effect resulting from a single oral exposure 
was identified and no acute dietary endpoint was selected. Therefore, 
butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium 
salts is not expected to pose an acute risk.
    2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this 
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that chronic exposure to 
butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium 
salts from food and water will utilize 47.9% of the cPAD for children 
1-2 years old, the population group receiving the greatest exposure.
    3. Short-term risk. Short-term aggregate exposure takes into 
account short-term residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food 
and water

[[Page 27029]]

(considered to be a background exposure level).
    Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts may be used as inert ingredients in pesticide products 
that could result in short-term residential exposure, and the Agency 
has determined that it is appropriate to aggregate chronic exposure 
through food and water with short-term residential exposures to 
butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium 
salts. Using the exposure assumptions described above, EPA has 
concluded that the combined short-term aggregated food, water, and 
residential exposures result in MOEs of 126 for both adult males and 
females. Adult residential exposure combines high end dermal and 
inhalation handler exposure from liquids/trigger sprayer/home garden 
use with a high end post application dermal exposure from contact with 
treated lawns. Also, EPA has concluded the combined short-term 
aggregated food, water, and residential exposures result in an 
aggregate MOE of 135 for children. Children's residential exposure 
includes total exposures associated with contact with treated lawns 
(dermal and hand-to-mouth exposures). As the level of concern is for 
MOEs that are lower than 100, these MOEs are not of concern.
    4. Intermediate-term risk. Intermediate-term aggregate exposure 
takes into account intermediate-term residential exposure plus chronic 
exposure to food and water (considered to be a background exposure 
level).
    Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts may be used as inert ingredients in pesticide products 
that could result in intermediate-term residential exposure and the 
Agency has determined that it is appropriate to aggregate chronic 
exposure through food and water with intermediate-term residential 
exposures to butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-
rich, disodium salts. Using the exposure assumptions described above, 
EPA has concluded that the combined intermediate-term food, water, and 
residential exposures result in aggregate MOEs of 480 for adult males 
and females. Adult residential exposure combines liquids/trigger 
sprayer/home garden use with a high end post application dermal 
exposure from contact with treated lawns. As the level of concern is 
for MOEs that are lower than 100, this MOE is not of concern. EPA has 
concluded the combined intermediate-term aggregated food, water, and 
residential exposures result in an aggregate MOE of 158 for children. 
Children's residential exposure includes total exposures associated 
with contact with treated surfaces (dermal and hand-to-mouth 
exposures). As the level of concern is for MOEs that are lower than 
100, this MOE is not of concern.
    5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Based on a DEREK 
structural alert analysis and the lack of mutagenicity, butanedioic 
acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts is 
not expected to pose a cancer risk to humans.
    6. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-
rich, disodium salts residues.

V. Other Considerations

    An analytical method is not required for enforcement purposes since 
the Agency is not establishing a numerical tolerance for residues of 
butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium 
salts in or on any food commodities. EPA is establishing limitations on 
the amount of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-
rich, disodium salts that may be used in pesticide formulations applied 
to growing crops. These limitations will be enforced through the 
pesticide registration process under the Federal Insecticide, 
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (``FIFRA''), 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq. EPA 
will not register any pesticide formulation for use on growing crops or 
raw agricultural commodities after harvest for sale or distribution 
that exceeds 10% by weight of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-
isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts unless additional data are 
submitted.

VI. Conclusions

    Therefore, an exemption from the requirement of a tolerance is 
established under 40 CFR 180. 910 for of butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-
C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, disodium salts (CAS Reg. No. 815583-
91-6) when used as inert ingredients (surfactant) at a maximum 
concentration of 10% by weight in pesticide formulations applied to 
growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This action establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408(d) in 
response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from 
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled ``Regulatory Planning and 
Review'' (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this action has been 
exempted from review under Executive Order 12866, this action is not 
subject to Executive Order 13211, entitled ``Actions Concerning 
Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or 
Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045, entitled 
``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety 
Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This action does not contain any 
information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require any 
special considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled ``Federal 
Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and 
Low-Income Populations'' (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis 
of a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the tolerance in this 
final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the 
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.), do not apply.
    This action directly regulates growers, food processors, food 
handlers, and food retailers, not States or tribes, nor does this 
action alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency has determined that 
this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or 
tribal governments, on the relationship between the national government 
and the States or tribal governments, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government or between 
the Federal Government and Indian tribes. Thus, the Agency has 
determined that Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 
43255, August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled 
``Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 
67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply to this action. In addition, this 
action does not impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded 
mandate as described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act 
(UMRA) (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).
    This action does not involve any technical standards that would 
require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant 
to section 12(d) of the National Technology

[[Page 27030]]

Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).

VIII. Congressional Review Act

    Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), 
EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required 
information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and 
the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of 
the rule in the Federal Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' 
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: April 26, 2016.
Susan Lewis,
Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.

    Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.

0
2. In Sec.  180.910, add alphabetically the inert ingredient 
``Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-rich, 
disodium salts (CAS Reg. No. 815583-91-6)'' to the table to read as 
follows:

Sec.  180.910  Inert ingredients used pre- and post-harvest; exemptions 
from the requirement of a tolerance.

* * * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
       Inert ingredients                Limits                Uses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                              * * * * * * *
Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, C-  Not to exceed 10% by    Surfactant.
 C9-11-isoalkyl esters, C10-     weight in pesticide
 rich, disodium salts (CAS       formulation for
 Reg. No. 815583-91-6).          agricultural use.
 
                              * * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 2016-10582 Filed 5-4-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
```