[Cite as State v. Castle, 2010-Ohio-3154.]

STATE OF OHIO, MAHONING COUNTY 

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

SEVENTH DISTRICT 

STATE OF OHIO ) CASE NO. 08 MA 195 

) 

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE ) 

) 

VS. ) OPINION 

) 

WAYNE A. CASTLE ) 

) 

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT ) 

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Criminal Appeal from the Court of 

Common Pleas of Mahoning County, 

Ohio 

Case No. 03 CR 1409 

JUDGMENT: Modified. 

APPEARANCES: 

For Plaintiff-Appellee: Atty. Paul J. Gains 

Mahoning County Prosecutor 

Atty. Ralph M. Rivera 

Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 

21 West Boardman Street, 6th Floor 

Youngstown, Ohio 44503 

For Defendant-Appellant: Atty. Timothy Young 

Ohio Public Defender 

Atty. Jeremy J. Masters 

Assistant State Public Defender 

250 East Broad Street, Suite 1400 

Columbus, Ohio 43215 

JUDGES: 

Hon. Cheryl L. Waite 

Hon. Gene Donofrio 

Hon. Mary DeGenaro 

Dated: June 29, 2010 
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WAITE, J. 

{¶1} In this appeal Appellant Wayne A. Castle, Jr. is seeking to have court 

costs removed from his sentence. He pleaded guilty in the Mahoning County Court 

of Common Pleas to six counts of rape and was sentenced to twenty years in prison. 

The court also ordered him to pay costs. The court failed to inform Appellant, as 

required by R.C. 2947.23(A)(1)(a), that he could be required to perform community 

service if he failed to pay his court costs. The state agrees that the trial court failed to 

inform him of the possibility of performing community service should he be unable to 

pay his costs. We recently addressed a similar problem in State v. Walters, 7th Dist. 

No. 08-CO-34, 2009-Ohio-6762. In Walters, we did not vacate the costs, but instead 

concluded that the trial court could be ordered not to impose community service as a 

means of collecting court costs. This reasoning is appropriate here, and therefore 

the judgment of the trial court is modified to prohibit the trial court from imposing 

community service as a means to collect court costs. 

{¶2} On November 25, 2003, Appellant was indicted on six counts of rape, 

R.C. 2907.02(A)(1), and six counts of gross sexual imposition, R.C. 2907.05(A)(4). A 

superceding indictment containing the same twelve counts was filed on July 1, 2004. 

{¶3} On March 13, 2006, Appellant entered a guilty plea to the six counts of 

rape, and the remaining counts in the indictment were dismissed. Each rape count 

was a first degree felony. On May 4, 2006, the court sentenced Appellant to four 

years in prison on counts one and four, and three years on counts two, three, five 
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and six. These were to be served consecutively for a total of twenty years in prison. 

The sentencing entry also states: “Costs to defendant”. (5/4/06 J.E., p. 2.) 

{¶4} On September 20, 2008, Appellant filed a pro se notice of appeal and a 

motion for delayed appeal. The motion for delayed appeal was granted on October 

23, 2008, and counsel was appointed to represent Appellant. Appellant has 

submitted one assignment of error for review, and the state has agreed with 

Appellant’s argument. 

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR

{¶5} “The trial court erred by imposing court costs without notifying Mr. 

Castle that failure to pay court costs may result in the court’s ordering him to perform 

community service.” 

{¶6} Appellant argues that R.C. 2947.23(A)(1) required the trial court to 

inform him at sentencing about certain consequences of failing to pay court costs: 

{¶7} “(A)(1) In all criminal cases, including violations of ordinances, the judge 

or magistrate shall include in the sentence the costs of prosecution, including any 

costs under section 2947.231 of the Revised Code, and render a judgment against 

the defendant for such costs. At the time the judge or magistrate imposes sentence, 

the judge or magistrate shall notify the defendant of both of the following: 

{¶8} “(a) If the defendant fails to pay that judgment or fails to timely make 

payments towards that judgment under a payment schedule approved by the court, 

the court may order the defendant to perform community service in an amount of not 
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more than forty hours per month until the judgment is paid or until the court is 

satisfied that the defendant is in compliance with the approved payment schedule. 

{¶9} “(b) If the court orders the defendant to perform the community service, 

the defendant will receive credit upon the judgment at the specified hourly credit rate 

per hour of community service performed, and each hour of community service 

performed will reduce the judgment by that amount.” (Emphasis added.) 

{¶10} Appellant and the state agree that the trial judge did not notify Appellant 

that his failure to pay court costs could result in an order to perform community 

service. Appellant believes the remedy for this error is that his court costs should be 

vacated. He is not appealing any other aspect of his sentence other than the court 

costs. In support of his argument, Appellant cites State v. Ward, 4th Dist. No. 

05CA3, 2006-Ohio-4847, which stated that “R.C. 2947.23 makes it mandatory for the 

judge to inform the defendant that she could be ordered to perform community 

service * * *.” Id. at ¶41. Appellant fails to point out that Ward also held that “at this 

time, Ward has not suffered any prejudice from the trial court's failure to inform her 

that it may, in the future, require her to perform community service to fulfill her 

obligation to pay costs. Because Ward did not properly raise the issue and it is not 

ripe for adjudication, we decline to address it.” Id. Although Ward highlights the 

problem inherent in failing to notify the defendant about the consequences of failing 

to pay court costs, it does not provide any solution since the case was not ripe for 

review. 
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{¶11} Appellant also cites to State v. Clevenger, 114 Ohio St.3d 258, 2007-

Ohio-4006. In Clevenger, the defendant was convicted of and sentenced on a felony 

charge of breaking and entering, and he was ordered to pay court costs. He filed a 

motion to suspend payment of court costs, and the trial court granted the motion. 

The state appealed, and the Eleventh District Court of Appeals reversed the order 

suspending court costs, but also remanded the case so that the trial court could put 

on an order waiving the court costs altogether. The state appealed again, and the 

Ohio Supreme Court held that a trial court may not suspend court costs previously 

imposed absent statutory authority, and that a trial court may waive the payment of 

court costs only upon statutory authority and only if the defendant moves for waiver 

of costs at the time of sentencing. Id. at ¶11. It is not clear how Clevenger advances 

Appellant’s position here, since the trial court neither waived nor suspended court 

costs, and Appellant has not filed a motion to waive these costs. 

{¶12} A trial court is required to impose court costs on a criminal defendant, 

regardless of the defendant’s ability to pay those costs. State v. White, 103 Ohio 

St.3d 580, 2004-Ohio-5989, 817 N.E.2d 393; State v. Dickinson, 7th Dist. No. 03 CO 

52, 2004-Ohio-6373. Nevertheless, the state’s subsequent ability to collect those 

costs may be affected by the defendant’s ability to pay and by the trial court’s failure 

to follow the requirements of the statutes regulating court costs. We recently 

addressed a situation similar to Appellant’s in State v. Walters, supra. In Walters, the 

defendant was sentenced to twelve months in prison for violating a protective order. 

The trial court imposed court costs as part of the sentence, but stayed payment of the 
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costs until the defendant was released from prison. The trial court erred by failing to 

notify the defendant, pursuant to R.C. 2947.23(A)(1), that a failure to pay court costs 

may result in an order requiring that he perform community service. Walters asked 

this Court to vacate the court costs imposed. We found that Walters’ argument was 

not ripe for review because the trial court had stayed the imposition of court costs 

until after the prison term had been served. Nevertheless, we noted that “should 

Walters, at some point in the future, fail to pay costs as ordered, the trial court should 

not have the option of imposing community service because it did not inform the 

appellant of this possibility at his sentencing hearing.” Id. at ¶13. 

{¶13} The reasoning in Walters applies here. The state has not challenged 

Appellant’s argument and apparently concedes not only that the trial court erred but 

also that the case is ripe for review. Based on our reasoning in Walters, we hereby 

modify Appellant’s sentencing entry to prohibiting imposition of community service as 

a means of collecting court costs. Appellant’s assignment of error is sustained in part 

and the judgment of the trial court is modified accordingly. 

Donofrio, J., concurs. 

DeGenaro, J., concurs; see concurring opinion. 
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DeGENARO, J., concurring. 

{¶14} While I agree with my colleagues, we need to unequivocally state how 

we are resolving an issue of law: We are reversing the decision in State v. Walters, 

7th Dist. No. 08-CO-34, 2009-Ohio-6762, and now hold that a challenge to the trial 

court's failure to notify a defendant at sentencing that community service in lieu of 

paying costs can be ordered is ripe for adjudication upon direct appeal from the 

original sentencing entry, rather than upon a later order imposing community service 

due to a failure to pay. 

{¶15} In Walters, this panel held the issue was not ripe for review, and thus 

found no merit to the appeal. In dicta Walters suggests how to resolve the issue: 

{¶16} "* * * should Walters, at some point in the future, fail to pay costs as 

ordered, the trial court should not have the option of imposing community service 

because it did not inform the appellant of this possibility at his sentencing hearing. 

See State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746, 814 N.E.2d 837 

(addressing an issue, ripe for adjudication, and remanding the case to the trial court 

because the required notifications were not supplied at sentencing). In Brooks, during 

sentencing, the trial court did not notify the defendant that a prison term might be 

imposed if he violated the terms of his community control sanction, as required by 

R.C. 2929.19. Id. at ¶1. The appeal was brought after Brooks pled guilty to violating 

the terms of his community control and was sentenced to eight months in prison. Id.

at ¶1. Here, in contrast, Walters has yet to default on his payments and, therefore, 

has not been ordered to perform community service, thus making this issue not ripe 

for adjudication." Walters at ¶13. 

{¶17} Subsequent to Walters, a different panel of this court addressed the 

issue in State v. Heddleson, 7th Dist. No. 08BE41, 2010-Ohio-1107, in which the 

dissent opined, after acknowledging the panel in Walters was following the analysis 

adopted by a majority of the districts: 

{¶18} "However, as Judge Harsha explained in his dissents to the Fourth 

Appellate District's holdings that the issue is not ripe for review, judicial economy is 
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not served by failing to address the issue. State v. Moore, 4th Dist. No. 09CA2, 2009-

Ohio-5732, ¶8 (Harsha, J., dissenting); State v. Welch, 4th Dist. No. 08CA29, 2009-

Ohio-2655, ¶16 (Harsha, J., dissenting); State v. Boice, 4th Dist. No. 08CA24, 2009-

Ohio-1755 (Harsha, J., dissenting); State v. Slonaker, 4th Dist. No. 08CA21, 2008-

Ohio-7009, ¶9 (Harsha, J., dissenting). I agree with Judge Harsha's logic. 

Accordingly, as to the second assignment of error, the merits should be addressed 

and I would hold that since the trial court did not inform appellant at sentencing that 

he could be sentenced to perform community service if he fails to pay the court costs, 

he cannot later be ordered to perform community service if he in fact subsequently 

fails to pay court costs. Slonaker, 4th Dist. No. 08CA21, 2008-Ohio-7009, ¶9 

(Harsha, J., dissenting stating that 'rather than stating in dicta that Slonaker cannot 

be ordered to perform community service if he fails to pay the court costs, I would 

issue a holding to that effect')." Heddleson at ¶23 (Vukovich, J. dissenting). 

{¶19} The fact that in this case the state concedes the issues of error and 

ripeness is beside the point; that does not control our determination whether or not 

an issue is ripe for adjudication. 

{¶20} For the sake of maintaining clarity in the law in this district, we should 

not hint, as the majority does, but outright state that we are reversing Walters, being 

persuaded that the logic articulated in the above cited dissents is the better course. 

Otherwise, our rationale for modifying Appellant's sentence is unclear. See 

Heddleson at ¶24 (Vukovich, J. dissenting) ("I see no logical or valid purpose to hint 

that a trial court cannot do something in the future instead of telling them now that 

they cannot do so. * * * Moreover, trial courts in this district would be advised in a 

timely manner what language is necessary if they wish to impose community service 

in lieu of an indigent's nonpayment of court costs.") 

{¶21} Accordingly, I would unequivocally state that we are reversing Walters, 

and the issue is ripe for adjudication. Thus, Appellant's assignment of error is 

meritorious, and the sentence modified accordingly.