F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

NOV 15 2001

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

DENNIS AKERVIK,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

M.E. RAY, Warden, Federal Bureau of

Prisons; (FNU) KENNEY, Senior

Corrections Officer, USP

Leavenworth; (FNU) SOMERS, Senior

Correctional Officer, USP

Leavenworth; (FNU) REED, Senior

Correctional Officer, USP

Leavenworth; (FNU) DENNEY,

Psychologist, USP Leavenworth;

JACOBS, (FNU), Senior Correctional

Officer, USP Leavenworth;

LT. ODEM, (FNU), Correctional

Officer, USP Leavenworth; (FNU)

HUTCHISON, Senior Correctional

Officer, USP Leavenworth; (FNU)

BEARD, Senior Correctional Officer,

USP Leavenworth; (FNU)

TOUNGATE, Senior Correctional

Officer, USP Leavenworth; (FNU)

BEAZ, Assistant Warden, USP

Leavenworth; (FNU) PIERCE,

Unit Manager, USP Leavenworth;

FED. EMPLOYEE UNION,

Defendants-Appellees.

No. 01-3072

(D.C. No. 01-CV-3013-GTV)

(D. Kan.)
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

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DENNIS AKERVIK,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

M.E. RAY, Warden, USP

Leavenworth,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 01-3075

(D.C. No. 01-CV-3037-GTV)

(D. Kan.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before EBEL , KELLY , and LUCERO , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

these appeals. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). These cases

are therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

Plaintiff initiated these two civil actions against the warden and/or others at

the United States Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, complaining generally of

various actions allegedly taken against him and other prison inmates.
1 See Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Fed. Bureau of Narcotics ,

403 U.S. 388 (1971).

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No. 01-3072

Plaintiff filed this Bivens 1 action against the warden and other correctional

officers at the federal penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. He alleged he was

subjected to abuse and prejudice because of his sexual orientation and subjected

to verbal and sexual harassment. R., Doc. 1 at 4. He contended that the

defendants “had knowledge of and failed to effectuate change [of their actions],

knowing also that an excessive risk to plaintiffs [sic] safety existed.” Id. at 5. 

He claimed he was denied use of the “law library, cleaning supplies, haircuts,

employment and similar programs provided other inmates.” Id. He further

asserted that certain officers were engaged in graft “to inmates to conduct illegal

activities including assault” and that he was fired from his job as an orderly

because of his sexual orientation. Id. He also claimed institution-wide

misbehavior by officials, id. at 5(a), and argues that Leavenworth is outdated,

poses security and safety concerns and should be closed, id. at 5(b).

The district court dismissed the action for failure to state a claim upon

which relief could be granted under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). The court

ruled that verbal abuse is insufficient to state a constitutional violation and that

plaintiff’s general claims of discrimination were conclusory and without factual
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support. R., Doc. 15 at 2. The court further concluded that plaintiff lacked

standing to prosecute his “sweeping allegations of corruption and

mismanagement” at Leavenworth. Id.

Plaintiff filed an “objection” to the dismissal of his complaint, claiming,

inter alia, that he had been “assaulted twice by staff, resulting in injuries,” with

no further details, no dates, no named defendants. He argued that the court had

failed to hear his other motions and that he had “stated several claims which

should not be ignored.” R., Doc. 17 at 2, 5. He also filed a notice of appeal. 

The court construed the objection as a Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(e) motion, denied it,

and granted leave to proceed on appeal by making partial payments, reminding

plaintiff of his prior and current obligations to pay filing fees as authorized by

28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2).

In his pro se brief on appeal, plaintiff again alludes to assaults but without

providing any further factual support. He does not argue that he has been denied

access to legal resources, but rather that his claims have been ignored within the

prison administrative system. He claims to have submitted over fifty letters to the

warden requesting relief. We review de novo the district court’s dismissal of

plaintiff’s complaint for failure to state a claim under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). Perkins v. Kan. Dep’t of Corr. , 165 F.3d 803, 806 (10th Cir.

1999).
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We hold that the district court’s sua sponte dismissal of the complaint was

proper. See Whitney v. New Mexico , 113 F.3d 1170, 1173 (10th Cir. 1997). 

Verbal harassment alone does not state a constitutional violation. See Collins v.

Cundy , 603 F.2d 825, 827 (10th Cir. 1979). Denial of use of the law library is

not actionable if there has been no claim of prejudice to existing or future legal

actions. See Lewis v. Casey , 518 U.S. 343, 351-53 (1996). In addition, plaintiff

has failed to link the alleged facts underlying misconduct and constitutional

violations to any specific acts of the defendants. See Frazier v. Dubois , 922 F.2d

560, 562 n.1 (10th Cir. 1990) (pro se litigants must have some minimal level of

factual support for claims); Bennett v. Passic , 545 F.2d 1260, 1262 (10th Cir.

1976) (personal participation is essential allegation in civil rights claim). The

allegation that the federal employees’ union has jeopardized the safe and orderly

running of the facility is simply too vague and conclusory to state a claim for

relief, and we “will not supply additional factual allegations to round out

a plaintiff’s complaint or construct a legal theory on a plaintiff’s behalf.” 

Whitney , 113 F.3d at 1175. See also Hudson v. McMillian , 503 U.S. 1, 9 (1992)

(not every push or shove violates prisoner’s constitutional rights); Hall v.

Bellmon , 935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991) (conclusory allegations without

supporting facts averments insufficient to state claim for relief).
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The district court’s dismissal of this action under 28 U.S.C.

§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) constitutes a prior occasion for purposes of § 1915(g)

(counting in forma pauperis actions by prisoners which are dismissed as frivolous,

malicious or failing to state claim for relief). We also dismiss the appeal as

frivolous; plaintiff has therefore accumulated two prior occasions or strikes. See

Jennings v. Natrona County Det. Ctr. Med. Facility , 175 F.3d 775, 780 (10th Cir.

1999) (dismissal by district court for failure to state claim followed by appellate

dismissal constitutes two strikes). Plaintiff is nonetheless reminded of his

obligation to continue making partial payments until the entire docketing fee is

paid in full.

No. 01-3075

In this action, plaintiff alleged that the defendants violated the Federal

Tort Claims Act (FTCA), 28 U.S.C. §§ 2671-2680;1346, by confiscating and

subsequently destroying his original art work (drawings, sketches, designs,

paintings), causing him irreparable harm. R., Doc. 1 at 5. He sought

compensatory damages of $250,000 and punitive damages of $5,000,000. He also

asked that the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) provide receipts for all confiscated items

to allow for redress. Id. at 6.

The court construed the action as brought pursuant to Bivens , 403 U.S.

at 388; R., Doc. 8. The court further held that plaintiff had merely alleged
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negligence in official action resulting in injury to plaintiff’s property. R., Doc. 8

at 2. The court concluded that “[a]bsent sufficient factual allegations of

intentional or reckless conduct by the government official [that] caused the

plaintiff’s injury, no cognizable constitutional claim is stated.” Id. at 2 (citing

Daniels v. Williams , 474 U.S. 327, 328-31 (1986); Davidson v. Cannon , 474 U.S.

344 (1986)). 

A pro se complaint is only properly dismissed for failure to state a claim if

plaintiff obviously cannot prevail on the facts and, additionally, it would be futile

to allow him to amend his complaint. Oxendine v. Kaplan , 241 F.3d 1272, 1275

(10th Cir. 2001). We review de novo the dismissal of plaintiff’s complaint for

failure to state a claim. 

We agree with the district court that the negligent deprivation of property

does not constitute a deprivation of due process under Daniels v. Williams ,

474 U.S. at 333-34. Nor will an action lie for the intentional deprivation of

property if there is a meaningful postdeprivation remedy for the loss available. 

See Hudson v. Palmer , 468 U.S. 517, 531-33 (1984). 

The FTCA provides just such a post-deprivation remedy, and, attached to

plaintiff’s complaint are documents indicating plaintiff has pursued the

administrative procedure required as a prerequisite to filing an FTCA claim. 

See 28 U.S.C. § 543.30-543.32. Accordingly, the district court should have
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considered plaintiff’s complaint under the provisions of the FTCA. In addition,

to the extent that plaintiff seeks injunctive relief and/or punitive damages for the

intentional deprivation of property, these remedies are available in a Bivens

action but not in one brought under the FTCA. See Carlson v. Green , 446 U.S.

14, 22 (1980) (punitive damages available in Bivens action but prohibited under

FTCA). In this regard, FTCA and Bivens are “parallel, complementary causes of

action.” Id. at 20; see also United States v. Smith , 499 U.S. 160, 166-67 (1991)

(FTCA not exclusive remedy for torts of Government employees when injured

plaintiff brings Bivens action). 

Here, plaintiff does not specifically claim that his property was negligently

confiscated. Inartful as his pleadings are, he asserts that his artworks (which he

describes by the type of medium used) were taken from his cell and disposed of

before his remedies were exhausted. R. Doc. 1 at 4. He claims his due process

rights were denied, that the defendants “stole and destroyed works of original

art,” that the defendants knew or should have known that their actions “would

cause serious constitutional questions” and acted with “‘evil motive and intent.’” 

We leave it to the court on remand to determine whether plaintiff has stated

a claim for intentional or reckless conduct, for negligent conduct, or both. We

express no opinion as to whether plaintiff has adequately exhausted all available

remedies. See Yousef v. Reno , 254 F.3d 1214, 1221 (10th Cir. 2001)
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(recognizing requirement under 28 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) that exhaustion is mandated

“‘regardless of the relief offered through administrative procedures.’” (quoting

Booth v. Churner , 121 S. Ct. 1819, 1825 (2001).

The appeal in No. 01-3072 is DISMISSED as frivolous, counting as two

prior occasions under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). See Jennings , 175 F.3d at 780. 

The judgment of the district court in No. 01-3075 is REVERSED, and the

cause is REMANDED for further proceedings. Neither the district court’s

original dismissal nor this court’s reversal count as a prior occasion.

The mandates shall issue forthwith.

Entered for the Court

David M. Ebel 

Circuit Judge