# PB88179874

1111111111111111111111111111111



# RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AND DOCUMENTATION OF

BIOLOGICAL VALUES FOR USE IN RISK ASSESSMENT

E?A Project Officer

!{. 

# Blackburn



# ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE

OFFICE Of HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

OFFICE Of RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

CINCINNATI, OH 45268

REPRODUCED BY



# U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNlCAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 

# EPA/600/6-87/008

February 1988

# ,t• 

# DISCLAIMER

This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Env1 ronmenta 1

Protect1on peer and adm1nistrat1ve review pol1cies and approved for

publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not

constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

i i

# PREFACE



# In the course of devt:loping quantitative risk**a~~c~~rnents** 

# it 

# is

frequently**u~eful** 

# to equate exposure doses across stud1es and species 1n**term~** 

# of lli!J 

# of**sub~tancl~/kg** 

# body weight/day. In order to accomplish this for

d1etary or drinking water cxposun:s. food or fluid intake as well as body

weight must be known. Similarly. for inhalation exposures a first step

toward estimating**do~c** 

# requires information concerning ventilatory volume.

Unfortunately. especially in the older lHerature, food and fluid

consumption are frequently not reported. Dody weights may be given only as

a single tcrm'ir1al value at**~tur.lies** 

# end. Whole body inhalation exposures generally provide no information concerning ventilatory volumes. As a

result. these values are frequently estimated for a particular species in

order to facilitate dose estimates.

A need for default values for these parameters was recognized as early

a':i 1960 when body weights and allometric relationships for food consumption,

as well as ventilatory volumes were proposed. for the rat and mouse {U.S.

EPA. 1980). These values. while reasonable estimates, were based upon a

very limited data set. Subsequently a variety of default values have been

suggested. but a systematic search for and development of a comprehensive

data base for this information had not been undertaken.

The goal of the present document was 1) to undertake a thorough and

systematic search for biological values {both published and unpublished)

including body weights, food consumption. water consumption and ventilatory

volume for tbe species commonly used as toxicological models; 2) to utilize

this data base to develop recommendations for default values for these

parameters best supported by 

# this data base; and 3) to develop the

information in as much detan as possible so that strain and age speclf1c

values could be reflected where possible.

The first draft of this project was prepared under contract No.

68 03-3228 with Syracuse Research Corporation.

i i 

# 1

# TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OVERVIEW .•..........

1.1. INTRODUCTION

..... . 1.2. LIFESPAN AND DEVELOPMENT

. 1.3. BODY WEIGHT AND GROWTH.

. . . . • •

. . . 1.4. INHALATION RATES. FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION

.

2. LIFESPAN. DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION.

3. GROWTH.

.

3 . 1 . PRIMATE S

3. 1.1.



# 3.1.2.

3.1.3. 

# Humans

..... . Rhesus Monkeys.

Other Primates.



# 3.2. LABORATORY RODENTS

.

3.2.1.



# 3.2.2.

3.2.3.

3.2.4.

3.2.5. Mice ..•

Rats

... Guinea Pigs

. Hamsters

.. Gerbll s

. .



# 3.3. OTHER LABORATORY MAMMALS

3.3.1.

3.3.2.

3.3.3. Cats

... Dogs.

. . Rabbits

..



# 3.4. LIVESTOCK

....

3.5. 3.4.1.

3.4.2.

3.4.3. Cattle

... Chickens

.. Pigs.



# WILDLIFE

.

4. INHALATION RATES.

5. WATER CONSUMPTION •

6. FOOD CONSUMPTION.

7. INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION

.

B. REFERENCES .............••......•.

iv 

# . . 

# . .



# . 

# . . . Page



# 1-1

1-1

1-4

1-6

1-10

2-1

3-1

3-1

3-7

3-14

3-21

3-21

3-21

3-60

3-94

3-101

3-117

3-125

3-125

3-131

3-143

3-152

3-152

3-152

3-164

3-164

4-1

5-1

6-1

7-1

8-1

# ~



# 1-1

1-2

1-3

1-4

1-5

1-6

2-1

2-2



# 2-3

3-1

3-2

3-3

3-4

3-5

3-6

3-7

3-8

3-9

3-10

3-11

3-12

3-13 LIST OF TABLES

Recommmended Values for Weaning. Puberty and Lifespan

.

Reference Body Weights.

Allometric Relationships for Estimating Inhalation Rates



# (I in m 3 

# /day). Water Consumption (C in t/day) and Food

Consumption (F in kg/day) from Data on Body Weight (kg)

.

Reference Inhalation Rates in m 3 

# /day

..

Reference Water Consumption (t/day) for Use with

Reference Body Weights

............. .

Recommended Values for Food Consumption (kg/day)

.. .

Data on Lifespan. Development and Reproduction for

Various Groups of Animals ..•..........

Recommended Values for Weaning. Puberty and Lifespan

..

Proportion of Time from Weaning to Puberty Covered by

90-Day Study.

. . . . . . . . ...

Growth and Body Weight Data on Primates

Growth and Body Weight Data on Mice

...

Reference Values for Body Weights of Various Strains

of Mice

............. .

Growth and Body Weight Data on Rats

. . . . . . . . . .

Reference Values for Body Weights of Various Strains

of Rats

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Growth and Body Weight Data on Guinea Pigs.

Growth and Body Weight Data on Hamsters



# . . . .

Growth and Body Weight Data on Gerbils.

Growth and Body Weight Data on Cats

.

Growth and Body Weight Data on Dogs

Growth and Body Weight Data on RabbHs.



# . . . . . .

Growth and Body Weight Data on Livestock.

Growth and Body Weight Data on Wildl He

. 

# . . 

# .

v 

# .

. _P.ML

1-5

1-7

1-11

1-14

1-17

1-20

2-2



# 2-9

2-14

3-2

3-25

3-52

3-62

3-91

3-95

3-104

3-118

3-126

3-132

3-144

3-153

3-170

# ~



# 4-1

4-2

5-l



# 5-2



# 6-1

6-2

7-1

7-2 

# LIST OF TABLES

Title Page

Inhalation Data on Various Animal Groups.

. . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Allometric Relationships for Inhalation Rate in m 3 

# /day (I)

to Body Weight in kg (W}.

. . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16

Water Consumption Data on Various Animal Groups

...

Species and Group Specific Allometric Relationships for

Water Consumption in t/day to Body Weight in kg (W}

..

Food Consumption Data on Various Animal Groups

....

Species and Group Specific Allometric Relationships for

Food Consumption in kg/day (F) to Body Weight in kg (W)

Food and Water Consumption of Various Animal Groups

..

Species and Group Specific Allometric Interrelationships

for Food Consumption in kg/day (F). Water in t 

# (C) and

Body Weight (W) in kg .............•....

vi 5-3

5-14

6-2



# 6-14

7-2

7-10

# No.



# --

2-1

2-2



# 3-1

3-2 LIST OF FIGURES



# Title



# --

Plot of Relative Maximum Weight vs. Proportion of

Recommended lifespan for Male and Female Humans. Mice.

Rats and Gerbils ............•.......

Plot of Relative Maximum Weight vs. Proportion of

Recommended lifespan for Male and Female Humans. Mice.

Rats and Gerbils Over the First 30% of Recommended

Value for lifespan

............ .

Body Weight Data on Male and Female Humans ....•

Mean Body Weights of Human Males of Various Ages Over

the Periods 1960-1962. 1971-1974 and 1976-1980 ..•.

3-3 Mean Body Weights of Human Females of Various Ages Over Page

2-11

2-12



# 3-8

3-9

the Periods 1960-1962. 1971-1974. 1976-1980

. . . . . . . . . 3-10

3-4 Recommended Growth Curves for Human Females 3-11

3-5 Recommended Growth Curves for Human Males

. . 3-12

3-6 Body Weight Data on Male and Female Humans from Birth

3-7

3-8

3-9

3-10

3-11

3-12

3-13

3-14

3-15

3-16

3-17

3-18 to 20 Years of Age.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

The Relationship of Height. Weight and Age of Human

Males Over the Period 1976-1980

...... .

The Relationship of Height. Weight and Age of Human

Females Over the Period 1976-1980

...

Body Weight Data on Male Rhesus Monkeys

....

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Rhesus Monkeys

Extended by Assuming a Mature Body Weight of 12 kg

..

Body Weight Data on Female Rhesus Monkeys

.....

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Rhesus Monkeys.

Extended by Assuming a Mature Body Weight of 9 kg

.

Body Weight Data on Male and Female Chimpanzees

.

Body Weight Data on Male Marmosets.

Body Weight Data on Female Marmosets.



# .

Body Weight Data on Male and Female Mice.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male B6C3Fl Mice

.

Recommended Growth Curve for Female B6C3Fl Mice

vii 3-15

3-16

3-17

3-18

3-19

3-20

3-22

3-23

3-24

3-50



# 3-56

3-57

# No.

3-19

3-20

3-21

3-22

3-23

3-24

3-25

3-26

3-27

3-28

3-29

3-30

3-31

3-32

3-33

3-34

3-35

3-36

3-37

3-38

3-39

3-40

3-41

3-42 

# LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)

THle

Relationship of "Subchronic" to "Chronic" Time-Weighted Average Body Weights for Mice and Rats.

. .•...

Relationship of Body Weight at Weaning to Recommended

Subchronic Body Weight for Various Strains of Mice

and Rats

. . . . . . •

. . . . •

. . . . . .



# Body Weight Data on Male and Female Rats ..•.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

.

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Sprague-Dawley Rats

.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Fischer Rats

..

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Fischer Rats

...

Recommended Growth Curve for Male long-Evans Rats

.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Wistar Rats

.

Body Weight Data on Guinea Pigs

Growth Data on Male Guinea Pigs

.

Growth Data on Female Guinea Pigs

.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Guinea Pigs

.

Recommended Gorwth Curve for Female Guinea Pigs

.

Body Weight Data on Hamsters.

Growth Data on Male Hamsters.

Growth Data on Female Hamsters

..

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Hamsters.

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Hamsters •.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Chinese Hamsters.

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Chinese Hamsters.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Mongolian Gerbils

.

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Mongolian Gerbils

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Cats

....

vi i1 

# Page

3-59

3-61

3-81

3-83

3-84

3-85

3-86

3-88

3-89

3-98

3-99

3-100

3-102

3-103

3-109

3-111

3-112

3-113

3-114

3-115

3-116

3-123

3-124

3-129

# No.

3-43

3-44

3-45

3-46

3-47

3-48

3-49

3-50

3-51

3-52

3-53

3-54

3-55

3-56

3-57

3-58

3-59

3-60

3-61

4-1

4-2

4-3 

# LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)

Title



# --

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Cats.

Growth Data on Dogs

.

Growth Data on Beagle Dogs

..

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Beagle Dogs

.

Recommended Growth Curve for female Beagle Dogs

.

Growth Data on Rabb1ts

...... .

Recommended Growth Curve for Male New Zealand White

Rabb1 ts

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Recommended Growth Curve for female New Zealand White

Rabbits

....... .

Growth Data on Cattle

.....

Growth Curve on female Hereford Cattle

..

Growth Curve on Cattle, Exclud1ng Female Hereford Cattle.

Growth Data on Ch1ckens

.

Growth Data on Male White Leghorn Ch1ckens.

Growth Data on Female White Leghorn Ch1ckens.

Growth Data on Domest1c and Min1ature P1gs.

Growth Data on Larger Domestic Pigs

.

Growth Data on Smaller Domestic Pigs.

Recommended Growth Curve for Male M1nk.

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Mink.

Linear Plot of the Relat1onship of M1nute volume**{~)** 

# to Body Weight {kg)

. . . . . . . ...... .

Log-Log Plot of the Relationship of Minute Volume**{~)** 

# to Body Weight {kg) ..........•...

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) 

# to Body 

# Weight {kg) for All Spec1es ........•.

lx 

# Page

3-130

3-139

3-140

3-141

3-142

3-148

3-150

3-151

3-160

3-161

3-162

3-163

3-165

3-166

3-167

3-168

3-169

3-174

3-115

4-10

4-11



# 4-14

# 4-4

4-5

4-6

4-7

4-8

4-9

4-10

4-11



# 4-12



# 4-13

4-14

5-l



# 5-2

5-3

5-4

5-5 

# LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)

Title

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) to Body

Weight (kg) for Humans

............ .

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) to Body

Weight (kg) for Monkeys ...•••......

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) to Body

Weight (kg) for Individual Rhesus Monkeys

...

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) to Body

Weight (kg) for Humans and Monkeys Combined

..

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) to Body

Weight (kg) for Guinea Pigs •.........

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t} to Body

Weight (kg} for Hamsters •...........

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t} to Body

Weight {kg) for Mice .........•...•

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) to Body

Weight (kg) for Rats ........•.....

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (t) to Body

Weight {kg) for Cats

............. .

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume {t) to Body

Weight {kg) for Dogs.

. . . . . ...... .

Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume {t) to Body

Weight (kg) for Rabbits

. . . . . . ....

Plot of Water Consumption (t/day) vs. Body Weight (kg)

for All Species .•..•...•..•.........

Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water (t/day) to Body

Weight (kg) for All Species, Except Marmots

...... .

Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water (t/day) to Body

Weight (kg) for Primates ..•.•............

Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water (tlday) to Body

Weight (kg) for laboratory Mammals {Gerbils, Guinea Pigs,

Hamsters, Mice, Rats, Cats, Dogs and Rabbits) •.•...

Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water {t/day) to Body



# Weight (kg} for Dogs .........•....•....

X 

# Page

4-17

4-18

4-19



# 4-20



# 4-21

4-22

4-23

4-24



# 4-25

4-26

4-27

5-15

5-16

5-17

5-18

5-19

# 5-6



# 6-1

6-2

6-3 LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)

Title

Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water (t/day) to Body

Weight {kg} for Chickens.

. . . . . ...

Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Body Weight {kg}

for All Species ..•.•......••...•

Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day} to

Body Weight {kg} for All Species. Except Marmots ..•.

Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day} to

Body Weight {kg) for Primates .••..........

6-4 Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day) to Body Weight {kg) for Laboratory Mammals {Gerbils, Guinea 5-20

6-11



# 6-13

6-15

Pigs. Hamsters. Mice, Rats. Cats. Dogs and Rabbits)

. •

. . . 6-16

6-5 

# Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day) to Body Weight {kg) for Laboratory Rodents {Gerbils, Guinea

Pigs. Hamsters. Mice and Rats).



# . 

# . . . 

# . . . . 

# . . . . 6-17

0·-6 

# Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day} to Body Weight (kg) for Gerbils.



# . . . . 

# . . . . 

# . . . . 

# . 6-18

6-7 

# Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day) to Body Weight (kg} for Guinea Pigs.



# . . . 

# . . . . 

# . . . . 6-19

6-8 Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day) to Body Weight {kg) for Hamsters



# . 

# . . 

# . . . . . 

# . . . 

# . . 6-20

6-9 Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day) to Body Weight (kg) for Mice

. 

# . . 

# . . . . 

# . . . . . 

# . . . 6-21

6-10 

# Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to

Body Weight (kg) for Rats. Including Pregnant and

Lactating Animals

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22

6-11

6-12



# 6-13

6-14 

# Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day) to Body Weight {kg) for Rats. Excluding Pregnant and

Lactating Animals ..........•........

Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to

Body Weight (kg) for Cats ..............•

Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption {kg/day} to Body Weight {kg} for Rabbits ....•.......••

Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) 

# to 

# Body Weight {kg) for Chickens

............ . 6-23

6-24

6-25



# 6-26

# LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)

_fuL_ 

# Title Page

7-1 Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day} vs. Water Consumption (l)

for All Species

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

7-2 

# Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day} to

Water Consumption (t/day) for Animals on Dry Diets.

. 7-11

7-3 

# Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day} to

.water Consumption (l/day) for Animals on Moist Diets.

. . •

. 7-12

7-4 

# Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to

Water Consumption (l/day} for Laboratory Mammals (Gerbils.

Guinea Pigs. Hamsters. Mice. Rats. Cats. Dogs and Rabbits)

on Dry Diets.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •

. . . 7-13

7-5 

# Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to

Water Consumption (t/day) for Laboratory Rodents (Gerbils.

Guinea Pigs. Hamsters. Mice and Rats on Dry Diets

...... 7-14

7-6 

# Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) and

Water Consumption (t/day) to Body Weight for Animals on Dry

7-7

7-8

7-9 Diets

........................ .



# Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day} and

Water Consumption (t/day} to Body Weight for Animals on

Mo i 

# s t 

# D i 

# e t 

# s . . . •

. •

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Water Consumption (t/day} vs. Body Weight (kg} for Animals on Dry Diets

.

Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day} vs. Water Consumption (l/day) vs. Body Weight (kg) for Animals on Moist Diets



# xn 7-15

7-16



# 7-17



# 7-18

# LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

x111

# 1. OVERVIEW

1.1. INTRODUCTION

Th1s report provides recommendations for and documentatlon of some biological variables that are used most often in risk assessment: llfespan.

body weight, inhalation rate. food consumption and water consumption. These

values are used in r1sk assessment to adjust cancer potency factors or to

convert exposure data (e.g .• ppm chemical in air or water) to units of dose

(mg chemical/kg body weight/day or mg chemical/day) for exposure assessment

or route-to-route extrapolation. Values are presented for nonhuman animals

only. For information concerning human biological values the reader is

referred to U.S. EPA 

# (l985a}.

These recommended values should be used only when the study under review

does not report values for the biological variables requ1red for the risk

assessment or when the values reported in the study under review are not

plausible because of poor report lng 

# or typographical error. In general,

these recommended values should be used only for the kinds of adjustments or

conversions d1scussed above and should not be used as a surrogate for

"historical control" data by which the response in an animal group is

assessed (e.g., decreased body weight or survival}.

This report is a substantial expansion and revision of an earlier effort

(U.S. EPA, 

# 1985b} that was in turn an effort to provide further documentation of recormw.•nded valuc'.i for**hur~~an:;,** 

# rats and 

# mice, proposed and used 

# by

the Agency (U.S. EPA, 1980) 

# to prepare amb1ent water qual1ty criter1a. When

appropr1ate. the earlier reports are referred to for comparlson. Since this

report contalns much lnforrnation not used in 

# the prevlous verslons,

virtually all of the recommended default values have been changed. Given

the many uncertaint1es in risk assessment (relat1vely few of which are

1988A 1-1 

# 09/08/87

# impacted by different recommended values). the continual review of the

Agency's risk assessments by the RfD and CRAVE committees. and the inherent

varlabllity of the data on which the new recommended values are based, there

does not appear to be a compell1ng reason to revise the existing risk

assessments solely on the basis of revlsed recommended valut''S. This effort

to revise the recommended**valut..~s** 

# is 

# simply an ongoing component of Agency

and risk assessment communHy efforts to improve the sc\entific basis from

which risk assessments are made.

Well-documented and relatively accurate biological variables are needed

to provlde some level of consistency among risk assessments and to increase

the quality and decrease the uncertainty of dose-response assessments.

Inconsistency ln assumptions concerning body weight and 1ntake rates can be

a source of unnecessary and fruHless controversy. As discussed in some

detai 1 

# by Snyder et al. (1981) in 

# rcconunending standard biological values

for the ICRP**1~\~ference** 

# Man. 

# the actual magnHude or a rcconunendcd value may

be less critical than the use of 

# a uniform value. With this uniformity,

assessments made by different individuals or groups at different times may

be compared 111orc clearly. allow1ng**disagn~emt..'!nts** 

# to focus on important

sclentif1c judgments ratl1er than more mundane and trivial differences in

assumptions of body weight and other biological variables. By documenting

these biological variables and providing a rationale for the recommended

values, this report at least provides a basis for further discusslon from

which a consensus can be reached.

While the absolute magnitude of 

# the recommended values may be of secondary importance in risk assessment. biological values must be reasonably

accurate and reflect the available information if dose-response assessments

are to be made properly. This is obvious in considering the mechanics of

l9B8A l-2 09/08/87

# risk assessment, in which data from several species must often be compared

to determine differences in sensitivity among species. Such comparisons are

usually made on mg/kg/day estimates of dose from studies involving exposure

of the test animals to the compound in air, food or drinking water. In

making such comparisons, the use of an inappropriately high assumed value

for air, food or water intake along with an inappropriately low assumed

value for body weight would overestimate the sensitivity of the species.

This error combined with the converse error on a dHferent species could

substantially confound the risk assessment to the point where the most

sensitive species and most critical effect are incorrectly identified.

Consequently, this report attempts to be comprehensive in the summary and

critical in the analysis of the biological variables of concern so that the

recommended values accurately and consistently reflect what is known.

This report contains seven chapters:

1. Overview

2. Lifespan and Development

3. Body Weight and Growth

4. Inhalation Rates

5. Water Consumption

6. Food Consumption

7. Relationship of Food and Water Consumption

This chapter includes a summary of :the recommended values needed most

often and is intended to be used as a separate document, H needed. While

H contains little documentation or discussion, the other chapters contain

detailed data summaries and analyses as well as some less commonly used recommended values. For instance, Chapter 3 includes recommended body weights

on >30 strains of mice, none of which are commonly {but all of which have

been at times) used ln toxlclty studles. These recommended body welghts

could be used, based on the relationships discussed ln other

1988A 1-3 09/02/87

# chapters, to estimate strain-specific rates for the intake of air, food and

water. When such strain-specific informat1on is available, H is noted 1n

Chapter 1. and reference is made to the appropriate section or summary table.



# 1.2. LIFESPAN AND 

# DEVELOPMENT

Table 1-1 provides recommended values for weaning, puberty and lifespan

for most commonly used laboratory animals. Other developmental and

reproductive data {e.g., gestation period, average litter size, breeding

1 ife) are given in Chapter 2. The recommended 1 ifespans for mice and rats

are the same as those in U.S. EPA (1980, 1985). These are not identical to

actuarial life expectancies at birth or theoretical maximum lifespan

potentials, which have very specific definitions in different bodies of

literature. Nonetheless, the recommended values in Table 1-1 are

representative of the species and consistent with the documented survival

data. As noted in the footnote to Table 1-1, substantial differences have

been documented in the survival rates of rats and mice, which are related to

both differences in strain as well as holding conditions. Because of the

many factors that can affect 1 ifespan and survival. the recommended values

for lifespan should not be used to assess the significance of survival data

reported in toxicity studies unless the extent of the decrease is judged

substantial, in which case, the specific recommended value is of little

importance. The recommended values for weaning and puberty are reasonably

well-documented. Estimates of ages at weaning and puberty could be, but

have not been, made from allometric relationships. All of the recommended

values summarized in Table 1-1, however. are typical and are taken from

published observations.

1988A 1-4 

# 09/03/87

# TABLE 1-1

Recommended Values for Wean1ng, Puberty and Lifespan

Group Weaning Puberty L1fespan Spec1es (days) (days) (years}

PRIMATES

Monkey, rhesus 130 1825 35 (5 years)

Baboon NR NR 55

Marmoset NR NR 40

LABORATORY RODENTS

Mice 21 50 2*

Rats 21 56 2*

Guinea Pigs 14 70 6

Hamsters 21 60 2.5

Gerbns 21 70 3

OTHER LABORATORY MAMMALS

Cats 49 240 15 Dogs, Beagles 42 240 15

Rabbits, 56 195 6 

# (New Zealand)

OTHER ANIMALS

Chicken NA NA 24 Pig NR 150 27

Mink 56 

# 300 NR

*Substantial strain var i abi 1 ity

NA 

# = Not applicable; NR

= 

# not reported

1988A 1-5 09/03/87

# 1.3. BODY WEIGHT 

# AND GROWTH

Recommended body weights, given by species, strain and sex when

possible, are given in Table 1-2. Unlike previous reports in which a single

body weight was given for each animal, Table 1-2 provides four categories of

body weights: weaning, "subchronic," "chronic" and mature. All weaning body

weights are approximated from published growth curves. Since many toxicity

studies provide information on the weight of the animals at the start of the

study (usually at weaning or shortly thereafter). but may not give weights

over the course of the study, the weaning weights are included to help the

risk assessor determine if 

# the reported weaning weight is typical for the

strain of animal used or to identify a representative strain of the species

if 

# the strain is not specified in the study. As discussed in Chapter 2,

weights at weaning have not been demonstrated to be reliable for estimating

other weight values among or within species.

Mature weights are rough approximations of the animal weight as growth

begins to plateau. These values are time-specific for each species and can

be used to extend growth curves when needed.

The subchronic and chronic body weights are the time-weighted average

{TWA) body weights for laboratory rodents and other laboratory mammals over

the period from weaning to 90 days ( 11 

# subchronic) and from weaning to 730

days postweaning (chronic). Subchronic and chronic are operationally

defined in order to make the values applicable to standard 90-day and 2-year

bioassays, respectively. These can be used not only to estimate average

body weights but also, with the allometric relationships discussed below and

summarized in Table 1-3, to calculate intake estimates for standard

subchronic and chronic toxicity studies. The subchronic and chronic body

weights for mammals are age-specific as specified in Table 1-2.

1988A 1-6 

# 09/25/87....... "" co co

> .......

I

...,J

0

""

' 0 t.)

' co ...,J Group Primates laboratory rodents Spec1es/Straln

monkey, rhesus chimpanzee m1ce/BAF1 mice/86C3F1 rats*/ Fischer 344 rats/long-Evans

rats/ Osborne-Mendel TABLE 1-2

Reference Body We\ghts (kg)

Sex Wean\ng Subchronic

M 1.0

F 1.0

N 3.8

M 0.008 0.0223

F 0.007 0.0204

M 0.009 0.0316

F 0.011 0.0246

M 0. 031 0.180

F 0.030 0.124

M 0.040 0.248

F 0.038 0.179

M 0.053 0.263

F 0.052 0.201 Chronic Mature

10.9 12

8.0 9

(0-35 years) (10-35 years)

19.25 20

(0-55 years) (adult)

0.0261 0.035

0.0222 0.030

(1 year)

0.0373 0.040

0.0353 0.035

( 1 year)

0.360 0.40

0.229 0.25

(1 year)

0.472 0.50

0.344 0.35

(1 year)

0.514 0.55

0.369 0.40

(l year)TABLE 1-2 (cont.}

...... <D

Qj

Qj

> Group Spec1es/Stra1n Sex Weaning Subchronic Chronic Mature

laboratory rodents rats/ M 0.057 0.267 0.523 0.60

(cont. ) Sprague-Oawley F 0.056 0.204 0.338 0.35

(1 year)

Wistar* M 0.053 0.217 0.462 0.50

F 0.052 0.156 0.297 0.32

(1 year)

gu1nea pigs M 0.156 0.48 0.89 1.0

F 0.146 0.39 0.86 0.9

hamsters/ M 0.041 0.097 0.134 0.15

...... golden Syrian

I F 0.038 0.095 0.145 0.16

Qj hamsters/Chinese M 0.015 0.03 0.041 0.040

and Ojungara1n F 0.015 0.025 0.038 0.035

gerbils/ M 0.017 0.048 0.084 0.10

Mongolian* F 0.016 0.040 0.073 0.09

Other laboratory cats M 0.62 l. 72 3.66 4.0

mannals F 0.58 1.49 2.96 3. l

dogs/beagles* M 2.05 2.40 10.8 14

F 1.82 1.97 10.1 14

rabb1ts/ M 1. 95 2.86 3.76 4.0

New Zealand* F 2.04 3.10 3.93 4.1

0

Qj

.......

0

.......

....... Qj

..............1.0CXlCXl>.......I1.00CD.......0..............CXl.......GroupOtheranimals**MorespecHicspecles•TABLE1-2(cont.)Species/StrainSexWeanlngchlcken*/MwhHeleghornFpig/domestlcNmlnlatureminkM0.50F0.48valuesavailable.SeeTable3-3formice,SubchronicChronicSeegrowthcurvesFigures3-55and3-56SeegrowthcurvesFlgures3-60and3-61Mature>1.3>1.6200-25070-751.71.0Table3-5forratsandChapter3forother

# For virtually all animal species, adequate data are available to

construct growth curves from which TWA body weights for other durations

could be calculated. For rats, m1ce, dogs, hamsters. chickens and gerbils.

additional data are presented in Chapter 2. from which add1Uonal strainspecific values could be derived.

1.4. INHALATION RATES

Table 1-3 summarizes allometr1c equations for estimating the da1ly

intake of air, water and food, based on body weight for all spec1es combined

as well as for several individual species and animals groups. Speciesspecific equations should be used, if available, but if they are not

available, equations for the most specific animal subgroup {e.g., primates

or laboratory mammals) should be used. If 

# no group equation is available.

the allometric equation for all species combined should be used. The

rationale for this selection process is 2-fold. First. it best reflects the

available data on the species or group of concern. Second, allometric

relationships based on all species combined, while generally yielding high

correlation coefflcients and high levels of statistical s1gnificance, are

not likely to be the same as true allometric relationships within a species.

The reason for this is that young. growing members of a "heav1er" species

will consume more food and water than mature {nongrowing) members of a

"lighter" species, both having the same body weight {e.g .• a 10-pound dog

and a 10-pound child). The significance of age specificity for allometric

relationships 1n inhalation rates has been reviewed by Mortola (1987).

Based on the recommended body weights summarized in Table 1-2 and the

appropriate allometric equations g1ven in Table l-3. corresponding recommended inhalation rates, water consumption rates and food consumption rates

are given in Tables 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6, respectively.

1988A 1-10 09/25/87

# TABLE 1-3

Allometric Relationships for Estimating Inhalation Rates (I in m 3 

# /day},

Water Consumption (C in t/day} and Food Consumption (F in kg/day}

from Data on Body Weight {kg}

Animal Group Allometric Equation 

# r2 Figure No.

INHALATION RATES

All species combined I 

# = 0

. 66 w0.7579 0.96 4-3

Monkeys I 

# = 0

. 81 w0.4862 0. 72 4-5

Guinea pigs I 

# = 0

. 44 w0.5156 0.32 4-8

Hamsters I

= 

# o.so w0.9017 0.86 4-9

Mice I= 1

. 99 wl.0496 0.87 4-10

Rats I 0

. 80 w0.8206 0.77 4-11

Cats I 

# = 0

. 32 w0.5945 0.81 4-12

Dogs I 

# = 0

. 67 w0.7091 0.89 4-13

Rabbits I 

# = 0

. 46 w0.8307 0.88 4-14

WATER CONSUMPTION RATES

All species combined c""' o.n w0.7872 0.93 5-2

Primates 

# c

= 

# 0

. 09 w0.7945 0.95 5-3

Laboratory mammals 

# c

= 

# 0

. 10 wo. 7377 0.88 5-4

Chickens 

# c

= 

# 0

. 13 w0.7555 0. 74 5-6

FOOD CONSUMPTION RATES

All species combined F = 

# 0

. 065 w0.7919 0.95 6-2 Laboratory mammals F 0

. 056 wo. 6611 0.87 6--4

Gerbils F

= 

# 0.1 12 wl.0583 0.80 6-6

Guinea pigs F = o.041 w0.3308 0.75 6-7

Hamsters F 

# = o.082 w0.9285 0. 96 6-8

Rabbits F

= 

# 0

. 041 w0.7898 0. 73 6-13

Chickens F 

# = o.o75 w0.8449 0.97 6-14

BODY WEIGHT TO FOOD OR WATER CONSUMPTION

Dry diet: all species F 

# = 0

. 049 w0.6087 {0.90) Eq. 7-5

t 

# 7-6

c 

# = 0

. 093 w0.7584 (0.89} Eq. 7-6

t 

# 7-6

Wet diet: all species F 

# = o.o54 c0.9451 (0.95} Eq. 7-7

t 

# 7-7

c 

# = 0.009 Fl.2044 (0.91} Eq. 7-8

t 

# 7-7

l988A 1-11 09/03/87

# TABLE 1-3 (cont.)

Animal Group Allometr\c Equat\on r2 F\gure No.

FOOD VS. WATER CONSUMPTION

Dry 

# d1et: a 11 spec,es F 

# = 0.31 c0.7923 

# (0.95) Eq. 7-l 

# a, 7-2

c 

# = 3.59 f0.2041 Eq. 7-lb

Wet d1et: all spec1es 

# F 

# = 2

. 09 c0.7389 (0.92) Eq. 7-2a, 7-3

c 

# = 0.39 fl .2447 Eq. 7-2b Laboratory mammals: 

# F 

# = o.28 c0.7013 (0.93) Eq. 7 -3a, 7-4 (dry diet) c 

# = 0.31 fl.2226 Eq. 7-3b Laboratory rodents: 

# F 

# = 0

. 16 c0.6426 (0.78) Eq. 7-4a, 7-5 (dry d1et) c 

# = 0.25 fl.2943 Eq. 7-4b

1988A 1-12 09/03/87-'1..0cccc)>-'I-'c..J01..0.......0c..J.......cc-.1GroupPr1matesLaboratoryrodentsTABLE1-4ReferenceInha1at1onRates1nm3/daySpec1es/Stra1nSexWean1ngmonkey,rhesusM0.81F0.81ch1mpanzceNS1.5m1cea/BAF1hybr1dM0.013F0.007m1ce/B6C3F1M0.014F0.017ratsa/F1scher344M0.046F0.045m1ce/Long-EvansM0.057F0.055m1ce/Osborne-Mende1M0.072F0.071rat/Sprague-Daw1eyM0.0"/hF0.075Subchron1cChron1cMature2.62.72.22.43.43.50.0370.0430.0590.0330.0370.0500.0530.0630.0680.0400.0600.0590.190.360.370.140.240.260.250.430.450.190.330.340.270.460.490.210.370.380>'/().'Jf)().30.220.330.34_. <D

cc

cc

> _.

I

__.

4:1>

0

<D

' 0 N

' cc -.J Group Spec1es/Stra1n

Laboratory rodents rat/Wi s tara

(cont. } gu1nea pigs hamsters/golden

Syrian Ch1nese and Djungarain gerb11sb/Mongoliana

Other Laboratory cats

Manwa 1 s dogs/beaglesa rabb1ts/New Zealanda TABLE 1-4 (cont.}

Sex Wean1ng Subchronic Chronic Mature

M 0.072 0.23 0.42 0.45

f 0.011 0.17 0.30 0.31

M 0.17 0.30 0.41 0.44

f 0.16 0.27 0.41 0.42

M 0.028 0.061 0.082 0.090

f 0.026 0.060 0.088 0.096

M 0.011 0.021 0.028 0.027

f 0.011 0.018 0.026 0.024

M 0.013 0.032 0.054 0.063

f 0.012 0.027 0.047 0.057

M 0.24 0.44 0.69 0.73

f 0.23 0.41 0.61 0.63

M 1.11 1.24 3.62 4.35

f 1.02 1.08 3.45 4.35

M 0.80 1.10 1.38 1.46

f 0.83 1.17 1.43 1.49--'0..0CXlCXll>GroupOtherAn\malsa.cSpecles/Stra\np\g/domesticminiatureminkTABLE1-4(cont.)SexNSMF0.390.3&Wean\ngSubchronicChronicSeegrowthcurvesFigures3-&0and3-&1Mature40170.990.&&aMorespecificvaluesavailable.SeeChapter3.bspec\es-spec\ficallon1etricrelationshipnotavailable.ares\m\larinbodyweight.Basedonallometricequationforhamstersthat--'I--'c.ncvaluesforthisgrouparecalculatedfromgeneralallometricequation.00..0........01'\.)........CXl_,NS;Notspecified0c..O'0w'CD......!..... TABLE 1-5 (cont.)

o.O

co

co

::t:o Group Spec1es/Stra in Sex Weaning Subchron1c Chronic Mature

Laboratory rodentsC rat/Wistarb M 0.011 0.032 0.057 0.060

(cont.} F 0.011 0.025 0.041 0.043

guinea pigsa M 0.025 0.058 0.092 0.010

F 0.024 0.050 0.089 0.0092

hamstersa/go1den M 0.0095 0.018 0.023 0.025

Syrian F 0.0090 0.018 0.024 0.026

Chinese and M 0.0045 0.0075 0.0095 0.0093

..... Djungarain F 0.0045 0.0066 0.0090 0.0084

I

.....

-./ gerbilsa/Mongolianb M 0.0049 0.011 0.016 0.018

F 0.0047 0.0093 0.015 0.017

Other laboratory mammals catst/dry diet M 0.065 0.14 0.25 0.27

F 0.062 0.13 0.21 0.22

catst/moist diet M 0.005 0.017 0.043 0.048

F 0.005 0.015 0.033 0.035

dogsC/beaglesb M 1.16 0.18 0.57 0.69

dry diet f 0.15 0.16 0.54 0.69

dogs c **/La~ag** 1 esb M 0.021 0.025 0.16 0.22

moist diet F 0.019 0.020 0.15 0.22

0 rabbitsa/New Zealandb M 0.16 0.22 0.27 0.28

o.O

....... F 0.17 0.23 0.27 0.28

0

N

....... co

-./...... t.O

CD

CD

> ...... TABLE 1-5 (cont.)

Group Species/Straln

Other Animalsb,c pig/domestic miniature minkd

aBased on allometric equation for laboratory man1nals

bMore specific values available. See Chapter 3 Sex NS M F Weaning Subchronic Chron1c

0.064 See growth curves

0.062 Figures 3-60 and 3-61

**~** Cfor cats and dogs, separate equations are given for dry and moist diets. See Table 7-2.

CD

0

t.O

....

0

w

.... CD

..... dfor mink, a moist diet is assumed. See Table 7-2.

NS = Not specified Mature

7.8 3.2 0.17 0.11....... "" co co

> .......

I

....... "" 0

""

' 0 w

' co -.1 Group

Pr 1matesa Laboratory rodents TABLE 1-6

Recommended Values for Food Consumptlon (kg/day)

Spec1es/Stra1n Sex Weaning Subchron1c

monkey, rhesus M 0.065

F 0.065

chimpanzee NS 0.19

m1ceb,c/8AF1 hybr1d " 0.0023 0.0045

F 0.0021 0.0043

mice/B6C3F1 " 0.0025 0.0057

F 0.0028 0.0048

ratsb,Cff1scher 344 " 0.0056 0.018

F 0.0055 0.014

mice/Long-Evans M 0.0067 0.022

F 0.0064 0.018

m1ce/Osborne-Mende1 " 0.0080 0.023

F 0.0080 0.019

rat/Sprague-Daw1ey " 0.0084 0.023

F 0.0083 0.020 Chron1c Mature

0.43 0.46

0.33 0.37

0.68 0.70

0.0050 0.0061

.0045 0.0055

0.0064 0.0067

0.0061 0.0061

0.030 0.031

0.021 0.022

0.034 0.035

0.028 0.028

0.036 0.037

0.030 0.031

0.036 0.040

0.027 0.028...... TABLE 1-6 (cont.)

..0

co

co

> Group Species/Strain Sex Weaning Subchronlc Chronic Mature

Laboratory rodents rat/Wistarc H 0.080 0.020 0.034 0.035

(cont.) F 0.080 0.016 0.025 0.026

gu1nea pigs H 0.022 0.032 0.039 0.041

F 0.022 0.030 0.039 0.040

hamsters/golden H 0.0042 0.0092 0.013 0.014

Syrian F 0.0040 0.0092 0.014 0.015

Ch\nese and H 0.0017 0.0032 0.0042 0.0041

...... Djungara1n F 0.0011 0.0027 0.0040 0.0036

I

1'\J

0 gerbils/Hongolianc H 0.0015 0.0045 0.0081 0.0098

F 0.0014 0.0037 0.0070 0.0088

Other laboratory **o~mma1s** catsd/dry diet H 0.036 0.068 0. 11 0.11

F 0.035 0.062 0.095 0.098

catsd/mo1st diet H 0.034 0.090 0.18 0.20

F 0.032 0.078 0.15 0.16

dogsd/beaglesC H 0.075 0.083 0.21 0.24

dry diet F 0.071 0.074 0.20 0.24

dogsd/beag1esC H 0.11 0.025 0.16 0.22

mo1st d1et F 1.82 0.10 0.48 0.65

0 rabbits/New Zealandc H 0.069 0.094 0.12 0.12

..0

' F 0.072 0.100 0.12 0.12

0 1'\J

' co .....-' c..O

CXl

CXl

l> -'

I TABLE 1-6 (cont.)

Group Sped es/Stra in Sex

Other Animalsc p1g/domest1c NS

m1n1ature minke H F

aaased on general allometric equation. See Table 6-2.

baased on allometric equaUon for laboratory manmals Weaning Subchronic Chronic

0.028 See growth curves

0.027 F1gures 3-60 and 3-61

**~** CHore speciftc values available. See Chapter 3.

0

c..O

' 0 1"\,)

' CXl -s dfor cats and dogs. separate equations are given for dry and moist diets. See Table 7-2.

eror mink, a moist diet is assumed. See Table 7-2.

NS = Not specified Mature 4.5 1.9 0.089 0.054

# 2. LIFESPAN. DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION

Table 2-1 summarizes data on lifespan. development and reproduction for

a variety of species. Recommended values for weaning. puberty and lifespan

a r e s u mma r i zed i n Tab 1 e 2 - 2 . 0 t her v a 1 u e s o f i n t e r e s t i n r i s k a s s e s s men t

(e.g .• gestation period and average litter size) could be extracted from

Table 2-1. The recommended values in Table 2-2 are intended to represent

those reported in the literature but are not based on a rigorous analysis.

Unlike the previous version of this report (U.S. EPA. 1985b). no use is made

of calculated maximum lifespan potentials (Boxenbaum. 1983; Sacher. 1959).

The expanded and reasonably consistent data base makes reliance on such

calculations unnecessary.

The most important use of lifespan values in risk assessment is to

ad j u s t c an c e r p o t en c y fa c t or s u s e d i n t h e Age n c y • s r i s k a s s e s s men t s f or

carcinogens (U.S. EPA. 1980. 1985). The lifespan values used by the Agency

are consistent with the available lifespan data. Neither 70 years for

humans nor 2 years for rodents. rats and mice approaches maximum recorded

values. but both values are typical and of approximately equal proportion to

maximum values.

The use of recommended or typical lifespans. as well as ages at weaning

and puberty. can be practical in risk assessment to determine the applicability of toxicity bioassays varying in exposure duration to potential

human health effects. For instance. the 11 

# equivalency of lifespans 11 

# is an

implicit assumption in many risk assessments: the exposure of an animal for

the lifespan of the animal can be used without adjustment (i.e .• without the

application of an uncertainty factor of 10 for subchronic to chronic

exposure) to assess potential human health effects over a lHespan. As



# illustrated in Figure 2-1. the growth curves of species for which lifespan

growth data are available (humans. mice, rats and gerbils} are similar. but

1989A 2-1 09/02/87TABLE 2-1

Data on l1fespan, Development and Reproduct1on for Var1ous Groups of Animals

_, I.C Q) I.C Animal Group Species Stra1n Age at Weaning Age at Puberty Ges ta t1 on Per I od LIfespan Reference

> Pr\mates baboon 35-40 Washburn, 1981

baboon

P. anubis 42{ 3] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

baboon

f. **c~noce~halus** {32] Cutler, 1975

baboon

f..

**c~noce~halus** [32] Cut 1er, 1975

chimpanzee [>37.&] Jones, 19&2

chimpanzee

f..

**troglod~tes** [45] Cut 1er, 1975

chimpanzee

£..

**troglod~tes** [ 451. Cutler, 1975

chimpanzee

f..

**troglod~tes** 55{4] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

gibbon H. lar {32] Cutler, 1975

gibbon

fi. lar [32] Cutler, 1975

gorilla G. gorilla [40] Cutler. 1975

gorilla

G. gorilla [40] Cutler, 1975

gorilla

G. gor llla 50[4] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

gorIlla

lowland 10

.. Jones. 19&2

gorilla

lowland [33.4] Jones, 19&2

1'\,) Washburn, 19&4

I great ape several 50

1'\,) human 95[5] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

human

[ 100] Rosen et al., 1981

1angur f.. ente 11 us [22] Cutler, 1975

lemur Galago craddtc- 18[2] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

lemur

!,_. macaca fulvus 28[3] Tolmasoff et a1., 1980

marmoset 15 Washburn, 1981

monkey 35-40 Washburn, 1981

monkey

African green 30[3] To1masoff et al., 1980

monkey

CAmer squirrel [2.&&] Jones. 19&2

monkey

H. mulatta [29] Cutler, 1975

monkey

H. mulatta [29] Cutler, 1975

monkey

rhesus 1.5-2.5 years 1&5-170 Arrington, 1978

monkey

rhesus [ 15] Arrlngton,l972

monkey rhesus 12-27 weeks 5 years 1&5 days [1&0-180] Hafez, 1970

monkey

rhesus [15] Templeton, 19&8

0

monkey rhesus 3-4 years Arrington, 1978

""

' monkey rhesus [15] Arrlngton,l972

0 monkey rhesus & years Hafez, 1970

co

'

monkey rhesus [15] Templeton, 19&8

co

monkey rhesus 35[ 3] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

-...1TABlE 2-l (cont.)

..... Animal Group Species Strain Age at Weaning Age at Puberty Gestat1on Period lifespan Reference

..c

co

..c

> Primates (cont.) monkey rhesus 120 days 3-4 years Wahman Manuf. Co., 1973

monkey rhesus [19.5] Jones. 19&2

monkey SAmer squirrel [&.33] Jones, 19&2

monkey squirrel 17[2] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

orangutan P.. .l!l!lma e u s [50] Cutler, 1975

orangutan p_. pygmaeus [50] Cutler, 1975

orangutan p_. pygmaeus 58[4] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

primate (NOS) 3-& months 5 years 150-180 days .. Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

primate (NOS) 3-& months & years Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

tamar In mustached 19[2] Tolmasoff et al., 1980

laboratory rodents gerbil 9-12 weeks 24-25 days Arr1ngton, 1978

gerb1l [2-4] Arrlngton,1972

gerbll 3 weeks 10-12 weeks 24-21'> days Hafez, 1970

gerbil [3.7] Rosen et al., 1981

gerbll 10-12 weeks Arr lngton, 1978

gerbil [2-4] Arrington, 1972

1'1,) gerbil 10-12 weeks Hafez, 1970

I gerbil [3.7] Rosen et al., 1981

(,.) gerbil Mongolian 3.1 Arrington et al., 1973

gerbil Mongolian 2-4 Templeton, 1968

gerbl l Mongolian 2.9 Arrington et al., 1973

gerbll Mongolian 2-4 Templeton, 1968

guinea pig 14 days 45-70 days &0-72 days **Wah~n** Manuf. Co., 1973

guinea pig 10 weeks &5-72 Arr lngton, 1978

guinea pig 3.5 weeks 1-5 months 68 days[65-7l] Hafez, 1970

guinea pig 68 days average Porter and Lane-Petter, 19&2

guinea pig & Templeton, 19&8

guinea pig 30-45 days 1'>5-70 USDA, 1970

guinea pig 8 weeks Arrington, 1978

guinea pig 3-5 months Hafez, 1970

guinea pig 10 days 90-150 days Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

guinea pig f) lempleton, 19&8

guinea pig I) Arrington, 1972

guinea pig 6 Arrington, 1972

hamster 15.875 days Bond, 1945

hamster 3-4 weeks l&-17 days Porter and Lane-Petter, 1962

0 hamster 21 days 30 days 11'>-19 days **Wah~n** Manuf. Co .• 1973

..c

....... hamster [21-28] days [l&-11] days Porter and lane-Petter, 19&2

0 hamster 20-24 days &0 15-19 days Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

co

....... hamster [21-28] days 84 days 11'> days•[l-2] days Worden, 1947

co

...,jTABLE2-l(cont.)_,AnlmalGroupSpeclesStralnAgeatWeanlngAgeatPubertyGestatlonPerlodLlfespanReferenceIDcoID>Laboratoryrodentshamster4-&weeksArrlngton,1978(cont.)hamster20-24days60daysRalstonPurlnaCo.,n.d.hamster[3.1&]Rosenetal.,1981hamster[2.5]Rosenetal.,1981hamsterChlnese2120-21daysMoore,19&5hamstergolden1.&9[0.09]Grlndelandetal.,1957hamstergolden3weeks2months1&daysHafez,1970hamstergoldenSoderwalletal.,19&0hamstergolden1.94[2.5]Oeyletal.,1975hamstergolden[2.9]Oeyletal.,1975hamstergolden1.&5[0.09]Grlndelandetal.,1957hamstergolden2monthsHafez,1970hamsterH.auratus7-8weeks1&daysBruceandHlndle,1934hamsterH.auratus4-5weeks8-12weeks1&daysLaldlaw,1939hamsterSyrlan[2-3]Arrlngton,1972hamsterSyrlan2-3Templeton,19&8hamsterSyrlan[2-3]Arrlngton,1972hamsterSyrlan2-3Templeton,19&8mouse4weeksFarrls,19501'\,)mouse21days35-40days20daysWahmanHanuf.Co.,1973Imouse5-7weeks19-21daysArrlngton,1978mouse[1-2]Arrlngton,l972mouse3weeks35-&0days19days[17-21]Hafez,1970mouse28daysFarrls,1950mouse16-21days50-60days17-21daysRalstonPurlnaCo.,n.d.mouse21days35days19-21daysSlmmonsandBrlck,1970mouse[21-28]days[42-5&]days-21daysWorden,1947mouse&-7weeksArrlngton,1978mouse[1-2]Arrlngton,l972mouse1.71[2.5]Deyletal.,1975mouse1.71[2.4]Deyletal.,1975mouse50daysHafez,1970mouse16-21days50daysRalstonPurlnaCo.,n.d.mouse35daysSlmmonsandBrlck,1970mouse[2.34]Rosenetal.,1981mouse[3.13]Rosenet a1.,1981mouse129/J1.38(0.030)Russell,19&&mouse129/J1.70(0.049)Russell,19&&mouseA/HeJ1.10(0.014)Russell,19&&mouseA/HeJ1.42(0.025)Russell,19&&mouseA/HeJ1.40(0.030)Russell,19&&0mouseA/HeJ1.31(0.019)Russell,19&&IDA/Jl.ll(0.019)Russell,19&&......mouse0mouseA/J1.32(0.022)Russell,19&&comouseA/J1.40(0.025)Russell,19&&......co-.1TABLE2-1(cont.).....1.0c:oAnlma1GroupSpeciesStrainAgeatWeaningAgeatPubertyGestationPeriodLifespanReference1.0>LaboratoryrodentsmouseA/J1.38(0.030)Russell,1966(cont.)mouseAKD2Fsubl1.49(0.027)Russell,1966mouseAKD2Fsubl1.39(0.030)Russell,1966mouseAKR/J0.74(0.008)Russell,1966mouseAKR/J0.70(0.008)Russell,1966mouseAKR/J0.75(0.014)Russell,1966mouseBf>Afsubl1.96(0.038)Russell,1966mouseBf>Afsubl1.84(0.044)Russell,1966mouse86D2F-subl2.00(0.033)Russell,1966mouse86D2F-subl1.98(0.033)Russell,1966mouseBALB/cJl.27(0.019)Russell,1966mouseBALB/cJ1.46(0.041)Russell,1966mouseBALB/cJ1.33(0.025)Russell,1966mouseBR86F-subl2.04(0.047)Russell,1966mouseBRB6F-subl1.90(0.055)Russell,1966mouseC3H/J0.77(0.003)Russell,1966mouseC3H/J1.09(0.016)Russell,1966mouseC3H/J1.12(0.019)Russell,1966mouseC3He8/J1.35(0.025)Russell,19661'\,)mouseC3He8/J1.69(0.030)Russell,1966ImouseC3He8/J1.56(0.030)Russell,19661.11mouseC5781/6J1.54(0.022)Russell,1966mouseC5781/6Jl.79(0.036)Russell,1966mouseC5781/6J1.90(0.025)Russell,1966mouseC5781/6J1.90(0.025)Russell,1966mouseC57Bl/6J1.48(0.019)Russell,1966mouseC57Br/cdJ1.49(0.027)Russell,1966mouseC57Br/cdJ·'1.61(0.038)Russell,1966mouseC57Br/cdJ1.30(0.036)Russell,1966mouseC57L/J1.35(0.036)Russell,1966mouseC57l/J1.58(0.052)Russell,1966mouseC57l/J1.46(0.036)Russell,1966mouseCAF-subl1.86(0.030)Russell,1966mouseCAF-subl1.81(0.030)Russell,1966mouseCBA/J0.98(0.030)Russell,1966mouseCBA/J1.43(0.022)Russell,1966mouseDBA/lJ1.12(0.014)Russell,1966mouseDBA/lJ1.59(0.030)Russell,1966mouseDBA/lJ1.65(0.036)Russell,1966mouseDBA/lJ1.20(0.025)Russell,19660mouseDBA/2J1.12(0.016)Russell,1966c:omouseDBA/2J1.50(0.025)Russell,1966.......mouseDBA/2J1.81(0.030)Russell,19660.....,mouseDBA/2J1.14(0.025)Russell,1966.......mousedeer35days50days23daysWorden,1947c:o.....,mousedeer8[1]Tolmasoffetal.,1980mousehouse3.5[0.5]Tolmasoffetal.,1980TABLE 2-1 (cont.}

...J Anlmal Group Species Stra ln Age at Weanlng Age at Puberty Ges tall on Per lod L Hespan Reference

1.1:1

= 1.1:1 > Laboratory rodents LAF-subl 1.99 (0.036} Russell, 1961)

mouse

(cont.} mouse LAF -subl 1.93 (0.038) Russell, 191\6

mouse NR 1.42 (0.019) Russell, 1966

mouse NR 1.93 (0.030) Russell, 1966

mouse 11A/Piy J 1.33 (0.019) Russell, 1966

mouse 11A/11yJ 1.60 (0.022) Russell, 1966

mouse Notomys alexis 29-47 days Fox, 1985

mouse P. eremlcus Glazier, 1985

mouse P. florldanus Glazier, 1985

mouse f. leucopus .. Glazier, 1985

mouse P. manlcu1atus Glazler, 1985

mouse **~.** pollonotus Glazier, 1985

mouse NR 1.01 (0.025) Russell, 1961\

mouse NR 1.23 (0.025) Russell, 1966

mouse wood 14 days 21 days Worden, 1947

rat 21 days 60-72 days 22 days Wahman Planuf. Co., 1973

rat 7-9 weeks 21-23 days Arrington, 1978

rat [2-3] Arr lngton, 1972

rat 3 weeks 100 days 21 days Hafez, 1970

"' rat 20 days 50-60 days 21-23 Porter and Lane-Petter, 1962

I rat [20-28] days [50-60] days [21-23] days Porter and Lane-Petter, 1962

a> rat 21 100 days 20-22 days Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

rat [3.15] Rosen et al., 1981

rat 6-8 weeks Arrington, 1978

rat [2-3] Arrington, 1972

rat 100 days Hafez, 1970

rat 21 days 100 days Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

rat [2.47] Rosen et al., 1981

rat [3.01] Rosen et a1., 1981

rat BN/BIRlj 3.2[2.7-3.4] Hollander et al., 1984

rat BN/BIRlj 3.0[2.7-3.3] Hollander et a1., 1984

rat CFY 21 days NAS, 1971

rat Cotton 21 days [42-49] days 27[26-28] days Worden, 1947

rat F344 2. 35 (50%} So1leveld et al., 1984

rat F344 1.77 (90%) So11eve1d et al., 1984

rat F344 2.81 (10") So11eveld et al., 1984

rat F344 2.81 (10") So11eve1d et al., 1984

rat F344 2.35 (50") Solleveld et a1., 1984

rat F344 1.81 (90") Solleveld et al., 1984

rat F344 2.69 (10"} So11eveld et a1., 1984

rat Long-Evans l. 96 (90%} Holloszy and Smith, 1986

Q rat Long-Evans 2.1\3 (50%} Holloszy and Smith, 1986

\C ........ rat Long-Evans 3.06(10"} Hol1oszy and Smith, 1986

Q rat Long-Evans 2.53[0.44] Ho11oszy et al., 1985

=

........ rat R. lutreolus 24.6-25.1 days Fox, 1985

= rat ft. sordldus 21-22 days Fox, 1985

_,TABlE 2-1 (cont.)

..... An lma 1 Group Spec les Strain Age at Weaning Age at Puberty Ges ta t1 on Per I od lifespan Reference

**~** CX) **~** > laboratory rodents rat WAG/Rij 3.3[2.b-3.7) Hollander et al., 1984

(cont.) rat WAG/Rij 3.3[2.b-3. 7] Hollander et al., 1984

rat WAG/Rij 2.9[2.{)-3.0) Hollander et al., 1984

rat WAG/Rij 2.9[2.&-3.0) Hollander et al., 1964

rat Wlstar 1.52 Deyl et al., 1975

rat Wls tar 1.52[2.45) Oeyl et al., 1975

rat Wlstar BH 21 days Kahan and Rosen, 1964

Other laboratory cat 42 days 180 days &3[52-&9) Wahman Manuf. Co., 1973

animals cat 7 months 58-64 Arrington, 1978

cat **[13~i7)** Arrington, 1972

cat [ 13-17] Arrington, 1978

cat 7-8 weeks 5-7 months &5 days ( 4 days J Hafez, 1970

cat [13-17) Temp 1 eton, 19&8

cat 9 months Arrington, 1978

cat [13-17] Arrington, 1972

cat [13-11] Arrington, 1978

cat 9-12 months Hafez, 1970

cat [13-17] Templeton, 19b8

!'\.) dog 42 days 180-240 days &3[ 53-71] Wahman Manuf. Co., 1973

I dog b-B weeks 9-12 months &3 days Hafez, 1970

-.1 dog f>-8 weeks 9-12 months &0-&5 days Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

dog 10-12 months Hafez, 1970

dog f>-8 weeks 10-12 months Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

dog beagle 7-9 months 58-&3 Arrington, 1978

dog beagle [13-17] Arrlngton,l972

dog beagle 12[2)months &3[l]days NAS, 1971

dog beagle [13-17] Templeton, 19&8

dog beagle &-8 months Arr lngton, 1978

dog beagle [13-17) Arrlngton,l972

dog beagle [13-11] Templeton, 19&8

rabblt 42 days 120-180 days 30-32 days Wahman Manuf. Co., 1973

rabbit 5-b months 31-32 days Arrington, 1978

rabblt [ f>-7] Arrington, 1972

rabblt 8 weeks 5-b months 31 days Hafez, 1970

rabbit 8weeks 5-6 months 30-32 days Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

rabbit f>-7 month Arrington, 1978

rabbit [f>-7] ArrIngton, 1972

rabbit [b-7) Arr lngton, 1978

rabblt 6-7 months Hafez, 1970

0 rabbit 8 weeks 6-7 months Ralston Purina Co., n.d.

**~**

........ rabbit N. Zealand white 56 days 26 weeks Altman and Ditmer, 1974

0

CX) ........ CX)

-.1......I.Cc:cI.C>NIc:c0I.C......0c:c......c:c...,jAnimalGroupSpeciesOtherlaboratoryrabbitanimals(cont.)rabbitrabbit(volcano)WlldlHechinchillachinchillaferretferretferretferrethedgehoglangurminkminkminkminkraccoonraccoonshrewtarsiervolevolevolevolevoleNOS=NototherwisespecifiedStrainN.ZealandwhiteN.ZealandwhiteJ!.dlazldomesticdomesticp_.entelluscommontreebornean!!·ochrogasterorkneyTABLE2-1(cont.)AgeatWeaningAgeatPubertyGestationPeriodlifespanReference6Templeton,19686Templeton,196839-41daysMatsuzakletal.,19856-8weeks6-8.5months111days[l05-115]Hafez,1970bmonthsHafez,197042days41.3daysMclaineta1.,19852months42days..Worden,19475-6Moodyeta1.,19855-6Moodyeta1.,198540[38-44]days[34-42]daysWorden,1947[22]Cutler,197551.4days(1.31)Aulerlchetal.,197949.7days(l.39)Aulerlchetal.,19798weeks10months51days[45-70]Hafez,197010monthsHafez,1970FieroandVerts,1986FieroandVerts,198&12[2]Tolmasoffetal.,1980Wrighteta1.,198&[12-14]days[21-301days21daysWorden,1947[2]RichmondandConaway,19&921days40days21-23daysRichmondandConaway,19&921days21daysWorden,1947

# TABLE 2-2

Recommended Values for Weaning. Puberty and Lifespan

Group/Species Weaning Puberty Lifespan (days) (days) (years)

Primates

Monkey. rhesus 130 1825 (5 years) 35

Baboon NR NR 55



# Marmoset NR NR 40



# Laboratory rodents

Mice 21 50 2*

Rats 21 56 2*

Guinea pigs 14 

# 70 6

Hamsters 21 60 2.5

Gerbils 21 70 3

Other**laborator~** 

# mammals

Cats 49 240 15 Dogs. beagles 42 240 15

Rabbits. New 

# Zealand 56 195 6

Other animals

Chicken NA 

# NA 24 Pig NR 150 28

Mink 56 300 NR

*SubstanUal strain variability

NA 

# = Not applicable; NR 

# = not reported

1989A 2-9 09/02/87

# not ident \cal, when weight 1 s expressed as the proportion of maximum weight

and age is expressed as the proportion of the recommended value for the

1\fespan. G\ven the intraspec\es variabillty in growth {Chapter 3), the

general 'Shapes of the relative growth curves are consistent. when viewed

over the 1 ifespan of the animal. and provide some support for the equivalency of lifespan d';;Sumption. The growth patterns in figure 2-1 also

':iuggc':it a nu.n·e explicit definition of 

# the recomwcndr.'tl lHcspan value, the

time at which body weight begins to decline.

In the early stages of growth. some substantial dHfcrences are apparent

in relative growth rates among species. These dHferences are well illustrated in Figure 2-2, which pre5cnts the relative growth over the first 30%

of the lifespan of the animals included in f'gure**2~1.** 

# A similar dHference

in relative growth**b1.~tween** 

# human-:; and rats was noted by Brody (1945).

During very early life (<1% of llfespan}. human'S grow more rapidly than

experimental mammals. As lifespan progresses, however. the relative growth

of the smaller animals exceeds that of humans for periods between 15 and 20%

of 11fespan. After this time, the growth curves are not remarkably

different except for the sh1wer and nearly lirwar growth of rats and female

mice over the period !Jetwcen 20 and 70% of growth models such as the

Dcrtalanffy, Gornpctlz and louhtic 

# equations were applied to many sets of

growth data sum1nar1zed in this report. Wh'le growth lHespan. For humans,

rats and mice. sex-specHic differences in growth are apparent; males grow

more rapidly and reach a plateau sooner than females.

A large body of literature exists on growth kinetlcs and the 1ntcrpretation of differences 1n growth patterns (Oonhoffer. 1986; K\rkwood, 1985;

Moore, 1985; Prothero, 1986; R1cker, 1979; Zullinger et al.. 1984). Various

growth models such as the Bertalanffy, Gompertz and log1st1c equations were

appl1ed to many sets of growth data summarized in this report. While growth

1989A 2-10 09/08/67

# 1989A 1

0.9



# t :::

t1



# A 0.,

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0.2 

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0.1**~** 

# ,

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• IUJit(S



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# !**~** 

# i ;

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# ' 

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: 

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# t f 

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# o.a o.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.'

PIOPOITI Otl 

# or L1 nSPAH



# FIGURE 2-1

Plot of Relat1ve Hax1mum We1ght vs. Proport1on of·Recommended

L1fespan for Hale and Female Humans, H1ce, Rats and Gerb1ls

2-11 

# 08/07/87

# ·------~-·---·-



# t

0.9 

# I 0.8



# 0.7



# v 0.6 

# I

1'1

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# X

# ~ 0.4 

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# OH 

# or L I 

# mPAI'I

FIGURE 2-2 

# !

- lo

I



# 0.25 I

# 0.~

I



# o.x.

Plot of Re1at1ve Max1mum We1ght vs. Proport1on of Recommended LHespan

for Male and Female Humans, M1ce, Rats and Gerb1ls Over the F1rst 30% of

Recommended Value for L1fespan



# 1989A 2-12 

# 09/02/87

# models could be useful for provid1ng more explicH estimates of body weight

and TWA weight, a general model for growth that incorporates the**decrea~e** 

# in

body weight**:;cc~n** 

# ·tn older animals ha·:> 

# not been proposed. Given the large

amount of available information on urowtli ir1 

# the specie's often used in risk**as~essment,** 

# models have not been used 1n this report to estimate body

weights. If 

# the value for the recommended lHespan is redefined as the

point at which body weight begins to decl inc. a general growth model could

be developed that would lead to bettc•r estimates of the body weight values

recommended in this report.

The pract\cal aspect of these differences \n early growth rates for risk

assessment is that the more rapid growth of the small animals is parallclled

by more rap\d sexual maturation. Consequently. in the standard 90-day subchronic study on weanling animals, nt1ce reach puberty during the first third

of the study; however, cats, dogs, rabbits and other larger animals do not

reach puberty during the course of the 90-day study. Data on the proporUon

of time betwr.!cn weaning and pubc:rty covered by a -;tamlard 

# 90-day bioassay

are summarized in Table 2-3.

While the methodological applicat h111 

# of thc'.;c rehd, ion;;hips 

# to risk

asses:>ment is beyond the scope of this report. the term, subchronic, is

ill-defined in the literature on risk assessment. The 11 

# standard 90-day

subchronlc study" docs not cover the same developmental per1ods among

species connncmly used in toxicity $ludh•s, and it**111~1Y be~**  

# inappropriate to

treat such studies in the same way {l.e., same uncertainty factor}. If



# puberty is taken as a key**dt:vt~lopmental** 

# event during growth, a speciesspecific definition of a subchronic study could be proposed as a study that

covers the period from weaning to puberty and an equal period beyond

puberty. This would correspond to a value of 2 in the third column of Table

2-3 

# for each species.

1989A 2·-13 

# 09/08/87

# TABLE 2-3

Proportion of Time from Weaning to Puberty Covered by 90-Day Study

Group/Species Weaning Puberty Proportion of Time (days) (days) to Puberty

Primates

Monkey. Rhesus 130 1825 0.053

Laboratory rodents

Mice 21 50 3.10

Rats 21 56 2.57

Guinea pigs 14 70 l. 

# 61

Hamsters 21 60 2.12

Gerbils 21 70 1.84

Other laboratory mammals

Cats 49 240 0.47 Dogs. beagles 42 240 0.23

Rabbits. New Zealand 56 195 0.65

Other animals

Mink 56 300 0. 37

1989A 2-14 09/02/87

# 3. GROWTH

In this chapter. information on body weight and growth is presented for

primates. laboratory rodents. other laboratory mammals. livestock. and wildlife. Some plots of growth data contain both large closed circles and small

open circles; the latter are connected by solid lines. The large closed

circles are the actual reported body weights. The small open circles are

TWA body weights calculated from the start of the observation period (To} to

the time specified on the graph. TWA body weights between any two time

periods {Tl and 12) can be calculated by using the cumulative TWA body

weights at each period (BWl and BW2) by the following equation:

TWA= [(Tl 

# x BWl)

- (T2 

# x BW2)]/Tl-T2 (3-1)



# Figures in this chapter that have tHles beginning with "Recommended

Growth Curve" are those from which recommended body weights have been

estimated. Figures that have titles beginning with 11 

# Growth and Body Weight

Datan are provided for information or comparison with the recommended growth

curve. Whenever all of the available growth data are not used in recommending body weights. both kinds of figures are provided.

3.1. 

# PRIMATES

Data on the growth and body weight of primates are summarized in Table

3-1. 

# Growth and body weight data over the entire lifespan are available

only for humans. The most complete published information on human growth is

provided by Stoudt et al. (1960) 

# on male and female Caucasians. The Stoudt

et al. (1960} 

# data are generally consistent with other published information.

l990A 3-1 

# 09/02/87TABLE3-1GrowthandBodyWeightDataonPrimates-'loCIloCI0>Spec1esStrainSexNumberofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceAnimals(days)(kg)ChimpanzeesNSbothNSl1.900002.50E-003Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS1834.850003.06E-002Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS3656.550001.56E-002Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS5488.150003.06E-002Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS7309.600002.25E-002Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS91311.800002.25E-002Lane-Petereta1.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS1,09513.250003.06E-002Lane-Petereta1.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS1,27814.750005.06E-002Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS1,46016.600009.00E-002Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS1,64318.500006.25E-002Lane-Peteretal.,1967ChimpanzeesNSbothNS1,82519.750001.41E-001Lane-Peteretal.,1967HumansCaucasianfemalemany13.400002.50E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany153.720002.50E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany454.260002.92E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany755.080003.48E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany1055.810004.62E-001Stoudtetal.,1960IHumansCaucasianfemalemany1356.440005.33E-001Stoudtetal.,1960I',)HumansCaucasianfemalemany1657.080006.72E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany1957.710007.40E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany2258.120008.28E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany2558.440009.02E-00lStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany2858.800009.02E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany3159.12000l.OOEOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany3459.430001.08EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany3659.530001.85EOOOOStoudteta1.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany54810.890001.85EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany73012.250001.85EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany91313.150001.85EOOOOStoudtetal.•1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany1,09514.060003.28EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany1,27815.420003.28EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany1,46016.330005.15£0000Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany1,64317.240005.15EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany1,82518.600005.15£0000Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucastanfemalemany2,00819.500005.15£0000Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany2,19020.410005.15EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany2,55522.680001.01£0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany2,92026.310002.49E0001Stoudtetal.,19600HumansCaucasianfemalemany3,28529.030002.49E0001Stoudtetal..1960co.....HumansCaucasianfemalemany3,65032.660004.03E0001Stoudtetal.,1960-'HumansCaucasIanfemalemany4,01537.190006.66£0001Stoudtetal.,19600.....HumansCaucas1anfemalemany4,38042.180006.66E0001Stoudtetal.,1960coHumansCaucasIanfemalemany4,74546.270006.66(0001Stoudtetal.,1960-.1TABLE3-1(cont.)_,..0SpeciesStrainSexNumberofAgeWeightVarianceReference..00Animals(days)(kg)>HumansCaucasIanfemalemany5,11050.800007.43E0001Stoudteta1.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany5,47553.070008.23E0001Stoudtetal.,19&0HumansCaucasIanfemalemany5,84054.430009.08E0001Stoudteta1.,19&0HumansCaucastanfemalemany1),20555.340007.43E0001Stoudtetal.,19&0HumansCaucasIanfemalemany&,57055.790005.94E0001Stoudteta1.,19&0HumansCaucasianfemalemany6,93556.250005.94E0001Stoudteta1.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany8,03056.700007.43E0001Stoudteta1.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany9,85557.610009.08E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany11,68058.97000l.l9E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany13,505bl.b90001.29E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucastanfemalemany11),4251)4.410001.50E0002Stoudteta1.,1960HumansCaucasIanfemalemany20,0751)7.130001.61E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianfemalemany23,725bli.230001.61E0002Stoudtetal.,19&0HumansCaucasianfemalemany27,3751)5.320001.50E0002Stoudtetal.,19&0HumansNSfemalemany7,bb51)0.78200NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSfemalemany10,9501)4.41078NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSfemalemany14,1)00b7.13231)NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSfemalemany18,2501)8.03955NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985(..,)HumansNSfemalemany21,9001)8.03955NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985I(..,)HumansNSfemalemany25,5506b.b787bNSu.s.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansCaucasianmalemany13.450003.48E-001Stoudtetal.,19&0HumansCaucasianmalemany153.860003.48E-001Stoudtetal.,19&0HumansCaucasIanmalemany454.490005.33E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanmalemany755.490005.93E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanmalemany1051).300007.40E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanmalemany1351).99000b.72E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanmalemanylb57.1)20008.28E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany1958.1&0009.02E-001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany2258.710001.08EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanmalemany2559.1&000l.08EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany2859.480001.19EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany3159.840001.28EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany34510.1&0001.28EOOOOStoudteta1.,19&0HumansCaucasIanmalemany3li510.43000l.85EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanmalemany54811.79000l.85EOOOOStoudtetal.,19&0HumansCaucasianmalemany73012.700001.85EOOOOStoudtetal.,19&0HumansCaucasianmalemany91313.1)10001.85EOOOOStoudtetal.,19b0HumansCaucasIanmalemany1,09514.520001.85EOOOOStoudtetal.,19&00HumansCaucasIanmalemany1,27815.420001.85EOOOOStoudteta1.,19b000HumansCaucasianmalemany1,41)01&.780005.15EOOOOStoudteta1.,1960......._,HumansCaucasianmalemany1,64317.690005.15EOOOOStoudteta1.,19600HumansCaucasianmalemany1,82519.050005.15EOOOOStoudteta1.,1960.......00HumansCaucasianmalemany2,00819.9(10005.15EOOOOStoudteta1.,1960...,JTABlE3-1(cont.)...II.CSpeciesStraInSexNumberofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceI.CAnimals(days)(kg)0>HumansCaucasianmalemany2,19021.320007.40EOOOOStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucas\anmalemany2,55524.490001.OlEOOOlStoudteta1••1960HumansCaucas\anmalemany2,92027.22000L32E0001Stoudteta1.,1960HumansCaucas\anmalemany3,28529.940001.32EOOOlStoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany3,&5033.110002.06E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany4,01537.190002.49E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany4,38039.460002.96[0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany4,74544.910003.48[0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasIanmalemany5,11051.260004.62E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany5,47558.060005.27E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany5,84062.140005.27E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany6,20564.860007.43E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany6,57067.590008.23E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucas\anmalemany6,93569.400009.08E0001Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany8,03071.670001.09E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucas\anmalemany9,85573.940001.19E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany11,68074.840001.29E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucas\anmalemany13,50575.300001.29E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansCaucasianmalemany16,42575.750001.29E0002Stoudtetal.,1960(.,:)HumansCaucasianmalemany20,07574.840001.29E0002Stoudtetal.,1960I.,.HumansCaucas\anmalemany23,7?57:i.481l00I.19HHHli'SloucHel.,;',1%0HumansCaucas\anmalemany27,3/!J".i'1111111I.19Hlllll?Slom:llP.I.ill.,,,'InOHumansCaucasianmalemany31,02568.49000l.l9E0002Stoudtetal.,1960HumansNSmalemany7,6&573.93631NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSmalemany10,95078.47229NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSmalemany14,60080.74027NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSmalemany8,25080.74027NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSmalemany21,90078.92588NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSmalemany25,55074.84351NSU.S.BureauoftheCensus,1985HumansNSfemale299,52759.500001.01E0002Aitkenetal.,1986HumansNSfemale2073.42000NSCross,1949HumansNSmale379,47777.000005.70E0002Aitkenetal.,1986HumansNSmale1653.67000NSCross,1949HumansNSmale249,30878.600009.00E-002luftetal.,1983HumansNSboth2117,88574.000001.21E0002Whiteetal.,1985HumansNSNS2313.43000NSFisheretal.,1982HumansNSNS413.47000NSFisheretal.,1982HumansNSNS1213.50000NSFisheretal.,19820HumansNSNS2213.40000NSFtshereta1.,1982co.......Marmosetsfemalef)1070.115009.00E-004Yarbroughetal.,1984...Iconmon0Marmosetsconmonfemale142740.234005.04£-003Yarbroughetal.,1984.......coMarmosetsconmonfemale54570.273002.50E-003Yarbroughetal.,1984.......,Marmosetsconmonfemale77460.346009.00E-004Yarbroughetal.,1984TABLE3-1(cont.)-1.0Spec1esStra1nSexNumberofAgeWe1ghtVarianceReference1.0An1ma1 s(days)(kg)0>MarmosetsCOIIIIIOnmale7950.103003.3&E-003Yarbroughetal.,1984MarmosetsCOIIIIIOnmale142740.220004.7&E-003Yarbroughetal.,1984MarmosetsCOIIIDOnmale104570.320004.&2E-003Yarbroughetal.,1984MarmosetsCOIIIDOnmale1274&0.375001.44E-003Yarbroughetal.,1984Monkeysrhesusfemale110.41800NSFarr1s,1950Monkeysrhesusfemale150.45000NSFarrls,1950Monkeysrhesusfemale1100.51000NSFarrls,1950Monkeysrhesusfemale1150.54000NSFarr1s,1950Monkeysrhesusfemale1200.55000NSFarrls,1950Monkeysrhesusfemale1250.62000NSFarrls,1950Monkeysrhesusfemale1300.63000NSFarr1s,1950MonkeysrhesusfemaleNS60.440003.60E-003NAS,1981MonkeysrhesusfemaleNS1831.300002.25E-002NAS,1981MonkeysrhesusfemaleNS3651.900004.00E-002NAS,1981MonkeysrhesusfemaleNS5572.500004.00E-002NAS,1981MonkeysrhesusfemaleNS7302.900004.00E-002NAS,1981MonkeysrhesusfemaleNS1,1124.200001.&OE-001NAS,1981MonkeysrhesusfemaleNS1,4&05.200006.40E-001NAS,1981Monkeysrhesusfemale5010.4b500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bI"""Monkeysrhesusfemale5030O.bOOOONRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale50bO0.17000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale50910.91500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale501221.08500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale501521.25500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale501821.41500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale502131.5b000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale50243Lb8000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale502741.81500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale503041.94000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale503352.07000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale503&52.18500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale437303.40500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale341,0954.82000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale311,4&05.95000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale281,825b.bbOOONRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale252,1907.29000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusfemale212,5558.00500NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bMonkeysrhesusmale2810.49000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195b0Monkeysrhesusmale28910.91)000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195bQ:)Monkeysrhesusmale281821.44000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195b........-Monkeysrhesusmale282741.84000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195b0Monkeysrhesusmale283b52.20000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195b........Q:)Monkeysrhesusmalen5482.88000NRVanWagenerandCatchpole,195b-...J_. <D <D

0 > (,.,)

I C1'

0 CXI ........ _.

0 ........ CXI -..1 Spedes Slra tn Sex

Monkeys rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

Monkeys

rhesus male

NR = Not reported; NS = not spectfted Number of An,mals

11 12 10 9 7 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS TABlE 3-1 (cont.)

Age We,ght Var,ance Reference

(days)

(kg)

730 3.45000 NR Van Wagener and Catchpole, 1956

1,095

5.72000 NR Van Wagener and Catchpole, 1956

1,460

7.52000 NR Van Wagener and Catchpole, 1956

1,825

8.71000 NR Van Wagener and Catchpole, 1956

2,190

9.97000 NR Van Wagener and Catchpole, 1956

2,555

10.97000 NR Van Wagener and Catchpole, 1956

6

0.48000 2.50E-003 NAS, 1981

183

1.50000 l.OOE-002 NAS, 1981

183

1.50000 l.OOE-002 NAS, 1981

365

2.20000 4.00E-002 NAS, 1981

557

3.00000 2. 50f -001 NAS, 1901

730

3.50000 3.60E-001 NAS, 1981

1,112

5.10000 1.21EOOOO NAS, 1981

1,460

7.40000 1.96EOOOO NAS, 1981

1,825

9.70000 2.25EOOOO NAS, 1981

# For other pr1mate species, growth data over the lifespan were not

encountered. Nonetheless. re lat ivel y good ear 1 y growth data are ava nable

on the rhesus monkey, chimpanzee and common marmoset. S1nce toxlcity

studles are seldom conducted over the complete lHespan of these specles,

the avanable growth data are adequate for proposing practical recommended

values.

3.1.1. Humans. All of the body weight data on human males and females

summarlzed in Table 3-1 are plotted ln Figure 3-1. These data are generally

consistent, although the data presented by the U.S. Bureau of the Census

(1985) and Aitken et al. (1986) give somewhat greater weights than the data

of Stoudt et al. (1960), for comparable ages. Th1s difference in reported

body weights may be related to a general, although slight, 1ncrease 1n the

body weight of the U.S. populaUon that occurred between the 1960s and

1980s. This trend is illustrated in figures 3-2 and 3-3 for males and

females, respecUvely, from data provlded by the U.S. Bureau of the Census

(1985). [In Table 3-1, only the data from 1976-1980 are presented.]

The reference values recommended by Snyder et al. (1975) are based

largely on the data presented by Stoudt et al. (1960). The relationship of

age to body welght for human females based on the data provided by Stoudt et

al. (1960) and U.S. Bureau of the Census (1985) are plotted in Figure 3-4.

Corresponding data on human males are plotted 1n Figure 3-5. Body weights

for children are shown in Figure 3-6, which is based on the data of Stoudt

et al. (1960) for males and females <20 years of age. As with many animal

species, differences in body weight between males and females are not

remarkable until after puberty.

1990A 3-7 09/02/87

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A(ll 

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FIGURE 3-1



# Body We1ght Data on Male and Female Humans

[All data comb1ned (see Table 3-1 for references)]

3-B OB/10/87

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K

.. 

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1990A 

# AGE vs Weight

21 :1) 

# 40 50



# MEAN AGE (MEN)

FIGURE 3-2 

# IJ8l-62TOT

II71-74TOT

• 76-80TOT

Mean Body We1ghts of Human Males of Var1ous Ages Over

the Per1ods 19&0-19&2. 1971-1974 and 197&-1980

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1985

3-9 08/10/87

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g

1990A 

# AGE vs 

# WEIGHT

3J 40 50 60 70



# MEAN AGE (WOMEN)

FIGURE 3-3 \ 

# Ill Sl-62TOT

• 71-74TOT



# IH 76-80TOT

Mean Body Welghts of Human Females of Var,ous Ages Over

the Perlods 1960-1962, 1971-1974 and 1976-1980

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985

3-10 08/10/87

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# FIGURE 3-4

Recommended Growth Curves for Human Females

Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985; Stoudt et al., 19&0

1990A 3-11 

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Recommended Growth Curves for Human Males

Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985; Stoudt et al., 1960

3-12 09/02/87

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Body Weight Data on Male and Female Humans

From Birth to 20 

# Years of Age

Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985

3-13 

# • •



# • 

# • •

17.5 a;).O



# 09/02/87

# Height is also strongly correlated with weight, and in 21- to 71-yearold adults. variations in height have a greater effect on body weight than

do variations in age. This is illustrated in Figures 3-7 and 3-8 for males

and females. respectively. based on the 1976-1980 data provided by the U.S.

Bureau of the Census (1985).

3.1.2. Rhesus Monkeys. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a standard body

weight for monkeys. Body weights for "adult" monkeys reported in the

literature are 3.5 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley. 1974; Hertzberg and Dourson,

1983). 4.7 kg for the rhesus monkey (Boxenbaum. 1983) and 5.0 kg (lehman.

1959). Table 3-l summarizes available growth data on male and female rhesus

monkeys. The data on male rhesus monkeys are plotted in Figure 3-9. As

illustrated in F1gure 3-9. no plateau in body weight is apparent over the

7-year observation period. Taking the recommended lifespan of 35 years for

the rhesus monkey and using 12 kg as an estimate of adult body weight, a

lifespan TWA body weight of -10.9 kg can be estimated, as illustrated in

Figure 3-10. A similar approach can be used for the data on female rhesus

monkeys as illustrated in Figures 3-11 and 3-12 from which a lifespan TWA

body weight of -8 kg can be estimated. Both of these lifespan TWA body

weights are probably underestimated; thus. they are somewhat conservative

when used to estimate mg/kg/day doses. Most toxicity studies available on

rhesus monkeys are not standardized in terms of the age of the animals at

the start of the study, and the durations of exposure generally accepted as

subchronic and chronic are also not standardized. Thus. the only recommended values proposed for the rhesus monkey are lifespan TWAs of 10.9 kg

for males and 8 kg for females. For calculating doses from less than lifespan toxicity studies in which body weights are not reported or incompletely

reported, Figures 3-9 through 3-12 should be used to estimate body weights.

1990A 3-14 09/02/87

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The Relat1onsh1p of He1ght, We1ght and Age of Human

Males Over the Per1od 1976-1980

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985

1990A 3-15 08/10/87 190

# l990A 

# FIGURE 3-8



# The Relat,onsh,p of He1ght. We,ght and Age

of Human Females Over the Per\od 1976-1980



# Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1985

3-16 1?0



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Source: NAS. 1981

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# 5.0 10.0 15.0**~.0** 

# 25.0 

# :«>.0 

# ss.o 40.0

"" IM YIAIS



# FIGURE 3-10



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male Rhesus Monkeys.

Extended by Assum,ng a Mature Body We,ght of 12 kg

1990A 3-18 09/02/87

# 9

8

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l 

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# 1.0 

# 2.0 3.0 4.0 

# s.o 6.0**~~** 

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# FIGURE 3-11

Body We1ght Data on Female Rhesus Monkeys

Sources: NAS, 1981; Farr1s, 1950

3-19 ?.0



# 09/02/87

# 9



# 8

7 

# I '

i 5



# n 

# ! 4

3

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# 3:).0 35.0

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# FIGURE 3-12

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Rhesus Monkeys,

Extended by Assuming a Mature Body Weight of 9 kg

3-20 I



# 40.0



# 09/02/87

# 3.1.3. Other Primates. Growth data are also available on chimpanzees

(Lane-Peter et al .• 1967) and the common marmoset (Yarbrough et al .• 1984).

For chimpanzees. growth data categorized by sex are not available. As

illustrated in Figure 3-13. the body weight of chimpanzees at birth is -2 kg

and reaches -20 kg after 5 years. Taking 55 years as the recommended lifespan. the lifespan TWA body weight is -19.25 kg. For marmosets. growth data

are available over only a small and early portion of the 40-year lHespan

(Figures 3-14 and 3-15). Because of this limited data and because marmosets

are a very uncommon test species in toxicity studies. recommended values are

not derived.

3.2. LABORATORY RODENTS

3.2.1. Mice. The U.S. EPA ( 1980) has recommended a reference body weight

of 0.03 kg for adult mice. Other reported recommended values are 0.035 kg

(ARS/Sprague-Dawley. 1974). 0.023 kg (Boxenbaum. 1983) and 0.02 kg {Lehman.

1959).

Table 3-2 summarizes the extensive amount of body weight and growth data

that are available on many strains of mice. including those most often used

in toxicity testing. As illustrated in Figure 3-16. body weights of

different strains of mice vary substantially; most reported body weights for

mature mice range from 0.03-0.045 kg.

The most comprehensive published source of growth data on laboratory

animals includes >50 strains of mice {Poiley. 1972). These data were taken

from several animal colonies operated by academic. research and commercial

organizat1ons under the sponsorship of the National Cancer Institute. For

most strains of mice. the record of growth covered a period from birth to at

least 90 days postweaning. Growth data over the lifespan. however. are not

presented for any of the strains of mice.

1990A 3-21 09/02/87

# i?.S

15



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12.5 

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IKI IM YIAIS

FIGURE 3-13



# Body We1ght Data on Male and Female Ch1mpanzees

Source: Lane-Peter et al., 19&7

3-22 

# 08110/87

# 0.4

0.35



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0.25 

# ¥

t 

# 0.2 n

l 

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Ag 

# JM DA'rS



# FIGURE 3-14



# Body We1ght Data on Male Marmosets

[Data est\mated from Yarbrough et al. (1984))

3-23 08/10/87

# 0.3:1



# 0.3 

# I o.zs

0.2

i

n



# K 

# 0.15 

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too.o aoo.o 300.o +OO.o 500.o &oo.o 100.0 aoo.o

AGI I" IA'tS

FIGURE 3-15



# Body We1ght Data on Female Marmosets

[Data est1mated from Yarbrough et a1. (1984)]

3-24 

# 08/10/87TABLE3-2GrowthandBodyWeightDataon"Ice__,\.0\.0c>SpeciesSexNumberofAgeWeightVarlanceReferenceAnimals(days)(kg)AKD2FlHybridfemale4510.002001.O&E-007Polley,1972AKD2FlHybridfemale4510.004701.O&E-007Polley,1972AKD2FlHybridfemale40140.005801.60E-007Polley,1972AKD2FlHybrldfemale50210.008509.51E-007Polley,1972AKD2FlHybridfemale43280.012109.00(-008Polley,1972AKD2FlHybridfemale46420.011707.66E-007Po1ley,1972AKD2FlHybridfemale49560.019107.66E-007Po1ley,1912AKD2FlHybrldfemale47700.022907.66(-007Polley,1972AKD2FlHybridfemale41840.024401.21E-006Po1ley,1972AKD2FlHybridfemale491120.026301.89(-006Po1ley,1972AKD2FlHybrldmale4010.00200l.&OE-007Polley,1972AKD2F1Hybridmale4010.004801.81E-007Po1ley,1972AKD2FlHybridmale44140.005902.02E-007Polley,1972AKD2FlHybridmale45210.009!>11&.40E-007llo1ll'y,I'JII'AKD2FlHybrldmale44280.013401.23E-007Polley,1912(...)AKD2FlHybridmale44420.02280l.OOE-006Polley,1972IAKD2FlHybridmale445&0.02370l.OOE-006Polley,1972I\,)AKD2FlHybrldmale45700.02700l.OOE-006Po11ey,1972V'lAKD2FlHybridmale45840.028501.89E-006Polley,1972AKD2FlHybrldmale441120.030301.56E-006Polley,1972AKR/lvCrfemale22410.001409.00(-008Polley,1972AKR/LvCrfemale28110.004303.0&E-006Polley,1972AKR/LvCrfemale214140.006702.64E-006Polley,1972AKR/lvCrfemale236210.008706.63E-006Polley,1972AKR/lvCrfemale262280.012701.14E-005Polley,1972AKR/lvCrfemale216420.018401.58E-005Polley,1912AKR/LvCrfemale213560.021101.60E-005Polley,1972AKR/lvCrfemale106700.023009.00(-006Polley,1912AKR/lvCrfemale187840.026902.84(-005Polley,1912AKR/lwCrfemale1171120.028501.62E-005Polley,1972AKR/lwCrfemale1821400.030902.14(-005Polley,1972AKR/lwCrfemale169lli80.036001.14E-005Po11ey,1912AKR/LvCrmale25610.00150CJ.OOE-008Po11ey,1972AKR/lvCrmale26310.004403.33E-006Polley,1972AKR/LwCrmale211140.007002.98E-006Polley,1972cAKR/lwCrmale243210.009006.38E-006Polley,1972\.0AKR/lwCrmale237280.013901.02E-005Polley,1972'0AKR/lvCrmale226420.020501.41E-005Polley,1972I\,)AKR/lvCrmale119560.023301.22E-005Polley,1912'CQAKR/lvCrmale126700.024805.64(-006Po11ey,1972-.JTABLE3-2(cont.)_.SpectesSexNUIIIberofAgeWe1ghtVarlanceU)ReferenceU)Animals(days)(kg)0>AKR/LwCrlllille89840.030301.54£-005Po11ey.1912AKR/lwCrmale1021120.031901.68(-005Po1ley,1972AKR/LwCrmale931400.034808.85E-006Polley,1972AKR/LwCrmale821680.037402.68[-005Po11ey,1972AL/NCrfemale4310.00140J.O&E-008Polley,1912AL/NCrfemale4310.003204.56[-007Po11ey,1972AL/NCrfemale34140.005401.81E-007Po11ey,1971AL/NCrfemale44210.008801.1OE-00&Po11ey,1912AL/NCrfemale56280.013905.i!H-004Polley,1972AL/NCrfemale47420.02060l.OlE-005Po11ey,197i!Al/NCrfema1e4556O.Ol4601.16E-006PoUey,1912Al/NCrfemale41700.029003.61E-OO&Polley,197i!AL/NCrfemale35840.03030l.OOE-006Potley,1912AL/NCrfemale441120.031003.06[-006Po11ey,197i!AL/NCrfemale451400.033601.82E-006Polley,1972AllNCrlllille4910.001501.5&E-008Po\ley,1972ALINCrlllille3i!70.003502.50E-007Po11ey,197i!""ALINCrmale33140.005604.56E-007Polley,19nlALINCrmale50210.009602.03[-006Polley,l9n1'\J"'ALINCrmale61280.01580i!.ME-006Polley,1912ALINCrmale38420.022706.50E-006Polley,1972ALINCrmale53560.0::'&902.10[-006Polley,1972Al/NCrmale53700.0::'9801.00[-006Polley,1972AL/NCrmale43840.03100J.O&E-006Polley,19nALINCrlllille421120.03i!201.56[-006Polley,1972AL/NCrlllille431400.034001.56[-006Polley,l97i!Astonfemale136520.030202.03[-006R\chardandTrayhurn,1985A/HeNlllille8610.02100NSS11verste1n,1960A/HeNmale12152O.Oi!970NSS11verste1n,1960A/JCrfelllille341O.OOli!O1.56[-008Po11ey,1912A/JCrfemale2310.00570l.OlE-007Polley,197i!A/JCrfemale23140.00700::'.50[-007Polley,1972A/JCrfemalei!3i!lO.Oli!602.::'6[-007Polley,1912A/JCrfemalet!3i!80.014704.00E-008Po11ey,1912A/JCrfemale23420.017604.52E-006Polley,19720A/JCrfemale23560.01910l.OOE-006Polley,1972U)A/JCrfemale2370O.Oi!4507.6&E-007Polley,1912.....AIJCrfemalen840.02'5908.21E-006Polley,197201'\JA/JCrfemalen112O.Ol9504.00[-006Polley,1912.....A/JCrfemalen1400.034001.21E-006Polley,19nCD-.1A/JCrfemalen1680.03770J.O&E-006Polley,197i!TABLE3-2(cont.)""Spec\esSexNumberofAgeWeightVarianceReference""0Animals(days)Ikg)>A/JCrmale3510.001202.25[-008Polley,1972A/JCrmale3670.005402.02[-007Polley,1972A/JCrmale26140.007603.06[-008Polley,1972A/JCrmale29210.013701.56E-006Polley,1972A/JCrmale29280.017004.22E-007Polley,1972A/JCrmale29420.018402.64E-006Poney,1972AIJCrmale29560.02040l.OOE-006Polley,1972A/JCrmale29700.025601.56[-006Polley,1972A/JCrmale29840.027003.06E-006Polley,1972A/JCrmale271120.031803.52[-006Polley,1972A/JCrmale271400.036502.64[-006Polley,1972A/JCrmale251680.039103.52[-006Polley,1972A/Jfemale151000.020903.61E-006Kutscher,1974A/J151000.025202.25[-006Kutscher,1974A/lNmale71520.02410NSSilverstein,1960(..,)BAFlHybridfemale3010.002102.26[-007Po1ley,1972l1'\)BAFlHybridfemale2570.004508.10E-007Po1ley,1972...,jBAFlHybridfemale36140.005401.23[-007Polley,1972BAFlHybridfemale45210.006702.10E-006Polley,19728AF1Hybridfemale40280.008502.40E-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridfemale41420.015801.56[-006Polley,1972OAF1Hybrldfemale44560.018702.64[-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridfemale38700.02240l.OOE-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridfemale37840.02460l.OOE-006Polley,1972BAFlHybrldfemale421120.027002.64E-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridmale4210.002201.81E-007Potley,1972BAFlHybridmale3570.004706.40[-007Polley,1972BAFlHybridmale56140.005401.41E-007Polley,1972BAFlHybridmale59210.001702.89[-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridmale43280.010402.10[-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridmale38420.016702.25[-006Po1ley,1972BAFlHybridmale35560.023302.25[-006Polley,1972OAF1Hybrldmale32700.025503.06E-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridmale33840.027403.52[-006Polley,1972BAFlHybridmale351120.030902.64[-006Polley,19720""BALB/cAnCrfemale38610.001702.03[-007Polley,1972.......0BALB/cAnCrfemale31770.005105.64[-006Polley,19721'\).......BALB/cAnCrfemale360140.008005.29E-006Polley,1972CDBALB/cAnCrfemale440210.010806.50E-006Polley,1972...,jTABLE3-2(cont.)...J1.0SexNumberofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference1.00Animals(days)(kg)>BALD/cAnerfemale480280.014308.12(-006Polley,1972BALD/cAnerfemale277420.016909.77E-006Polley,1972BALD/cAnerfemale203560.019401.17E-005Po\ley,1972BAL8/cAnerfemale12700.020204.3H-006Potley,1972BALB/cAnerfemale57840.022905.29£-006Potley,1972BALD/cAnerfemale961120.025001.56E-005PoUey,1972BALD/cAnerfemale871400.024801.09[-005PoUey,1972BALD/cAnerfemale921680.026701.68E-005PoUey,1972BALD/cAnerfemale921960.027408.70[-006Polley,1972BALD/cAnerfemale1062240.028001.22[-005Polley,1972BALD/cAnerfemale1072520.028101.17E-005Polley,1972BALD/cAnermale54710.001301.81E-007PoUey,1972BALD/cAnermale36270.005104.00(-006Po1ley,1972BALD/cAnermale352140.008203.90[-006Polley,1972BALD/cAnermale419210.011301.28E-005Polley,1972BALB/cAnermale424280.015401.79[-005Polley,1972BALB/cAnermale306420.019506.89(-006Polley,1972to:)BALD/cAnermale153560.020802.19E-005Polley,1972IBALD/cAnermale62700.02?006.13[-006Po\ley,19721'\JBALD/cAnermale53840.025?02.48(-006Po11ey,1972coBALB/cAnermale661120.027609.46(-006Polley,1972BALB/cAnermale561400.028208.70[-006Polley,1972BALD/cAnermale671680.028601.72E-005Polley,1972BALD/cAnermale651960.029001.46[-005Po1ley,1972BALB/cAnermale712240.029306.38[-006Polley,1972BALB/cAnermale562520.030301.02[-005Polley,19nBALB/cAnNmale81520.02560NSS1lverste1n,1960BALB/cfemale151000.020103.61E-006Kutscher,1974BALB/cfemale48NS0.016&0NSOlleretal.,1985BALB/cfemale48NS0.01800NSOlleretal.,1985BALB/cfemale48NS0.01890NSOlleretal.,1985BALB/cfemale48NS0.02000NSOlleretal.,1985BALB/cfemale48NS0.02190NSOllereta1.,1985BALB/cmale151000.027002.5&E-006Kutscher,1974BALB/cmale48NS0.025&0NSOlleretal.,1985BALB/cmale48NS0.01970NSOlleretal.,19850BALB/cmale48NS0.01970NSOlleretal.,19851.0BALB/cmale48NS0.02240NSOlleretal.,1985.........0BALB/cmale48NS0.02420NSOlleretal.,19851'\JBALB/cmale48NS0.02850NSOlleretal.,1985.........co....:ITABLE(cont.)_.\0Spec1esSexNu111berofAgeWeightVarianceReference\00Animals(days)(kg)>Hybfemale10.00140Po\ley,1972RDFl1Hybfemale30&10.004101.16E-006Po\ley,1972Hybfemale30&140.005401.5&E-OO&Po\ley,1972BDF11Hybfemale0.00770l.l&E-006Polley,1972Hybfelllale3090.015104.&2E-006Po\ley,1972BDF1*8&02F1Hybfelllale325350.011403.0&E-OO&Polley,1972BDFl*B&D2F1Hybfellla1e2700.01890-00&Polley,1972BDFl*B&D2F1Hybfemale287490.022801.&3E-00&Polley,1972BDFl*B&D2FlHybfemale31451)0.02400Po\ley,1972BDFl1Hybmale10.00140Po\ley,1972BDFl*B&D2F1Hybmale313·70.004101.05E-00&Po\ley,1972Hybmale319140.00&401.7&E-OO&Po\ley,1972BDF1*8&D2F1Hybmale2690.008&01.&9E-00&Po\ley,197280Fl*B6D2FlHyb111a1e3140.01&805.64E-00&Polley,1972BDF1*8602F1Hyb313350.01960Polley,1972BDF1*B602F1Hybmale2754.52E-OO&Po\ley,1972Hyb111ale490.024302.5&E-OO&Po\ley,1972BOF1*8602F1Hybmale3055&5.7&E-OO&Po\ley,1972(..)I1'\)BRVR/SrCrfelllale2510.00130l.ObE-007Polley,1972\0RRVR/SrCr2410.00380l.OOE-00&Po\ley,1972RRVR/SrCr25140.007807.66E-007Polley,1972BRVR/Srtrfemale210.009702.64E-006Po11ey,1972BRVR/SrCrfemale0.015303.80E-006Po\ley,1972BRVR/SrCr0.01840Po\ley,1972BRVR/SrCrfemale2456Po\ley,1972BRVR/Srtrmale2510.001301.0&E-007Polley,1972BRVR/SrCr111ale70.004103.91E-007Po\ley,1972BRVR/SrCrmale140.008101.16E-00&Po\ley,1972BRVR/SrCr210.011601.5&E-006Po\ley,1972BRVR/SrCr111a1e240.01910Polley,1972BRVR/SrCr111ale24420.021908.27E-OO&Polley,197lBRVR/SrCrmale560.025904.00E-006Polley,1972BRVS/SrCrfelllale4210.002401.81E-007Polley,1972BRVS/Srtrfemale4910.00500Po\ley,1972BRVS/SrCrfelllale48140.007807.22E-007Polley,1972BRVS/SrCrfemale550.010503.90E-006Polley,19720RRVS/SrCrfellla1e640.015903.0&E-006Po\ley,1972\0BRVS/SrCrfemale650.019&01.44E-006Polley,1972.......0BRVS/SrCr43560.021901.7&E-006Polley,19721'\)BRVS/SrCrfelllale4870.18E-006Polley,1972.......C)_,TABlE3-2(cont.).......0SpeciesSexNumberofAgeWeightYarlanceReference..00Animals(days)(kg)>BRYS/SrCrmale3&10.002402.03E-007Polley,1972BRYS/SrCrmale4810.005302.7&E-007Polley,19728RYS/SrCrmale53140.008309.02E-007Polley,1972BRYS/SrCrmale59210.011203.31E-007Polley,1972BRYS/SrCrmale61280.011004.95E-006Polley,1972BRYS/SrCrmale61420.021902.48E-006Polley,1972BRYS/SrCrmale48560.023702.10E-006Polley,1972BRYS/SrCrmale49700.026102.25E-006Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale2410.001402.50E-009Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale2410.004902.25E-008Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale29140.00780l.44E-006Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale28210.010802.25E-006Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale24280.017401.76E-006Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale25420.022805.26E-007Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale25560.02480l.b&E-007Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrfemale25700.026106.01E-007Polley,1972BSYR/SrCr2410.001502.50(-009Po11ey,1972(;,.:)BSYR/SrCrmale2410.005304.00[-008Po1ley,1972I(;,.:)BSYR/SrCrmale26140.009501.38E-006Po11ey,19720BSYR/SrCrmale22210.011101.38E-006Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrmale31280.019502.50E-007Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrmale25420.028702.18E-006Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrmale25560.030802.lOE-006Polley,1972BSYR/SrCrmale24700.031301.21E-006Polley,1972BSYS/SrCrfemale2410.001305.63[-009Po11ey,1912BSVS/SrCrfemale2410.005103.03[-007Polley,1972BSVS/SrCrfemale25140.007801.OOE-006Polley,1972BSVS/SrCrfemale28210.010702.25E-006Polley,1972BSVS/SrCrfemale25280.015403.91E-007Polley,1972BSVS/SrCrfemale26350.011602.64E-006Polley,1972BSVS/SrCrfemale24420.018402.25E-006Po1ley,1972BSYS/SrCrfemale25490.020301.89E-006Polley,1972BSYS/SrCrfemale25630.022603.52E-006Polley,1972BSVS/SrCrfemale27710.024801.76E-006Polley,1972BSVS/SrCrmale2410.00130l.OOE-008Polley,1912BSVS/SrCrmale2410.005902.50E-007Polley,19720BSVS/SrCrmale24140.009402.03E-006Po1ley,19721.0BSVS/SrCrNle24210.011501.56(-006Polley,1972'0BSVS/SrCrmale29280.017501.27E-006Polley,19721'\.)BSVS/SrCrmale24350.021201.00[-006Polley,1972'(X)BSVS/SrCrmale24420.023402.98E-006Polley,1972...,jTABLE3-2(cont.)-'1.0SpeciesSexNumberofAgeWeightVarianceReference1.00Animals(days)(kg)>8SVS/SrCrmale2&490.024905.0&E-OO&Polley,19728SVS/SrCrmale25&30.027505.0&E-00&Polley,19728SVS/SrCrmale24710.029205.&4E-OO&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale2410.002007.5&E-008Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale2530.003101.23E-007Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale2490.00420&.40E-007Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale29140.008901.7&E-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale32210.010701.89E-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale32280.014501.9&E-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale25350.015302.lOE-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale24420.017&01.89E-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale24490.019302.25E-OO&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrfemale29700.023504.00E-OO&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrmale2410.00210&.25E-008Polley,1972810pd/CzCrmale2430.003303.&0E-007Polley,1972810pd/CzCrmale2490.00480&.40E-007Polley,1972810pd/CzCrmale28140.009802.33E-OO&Polley,1972(;.,)810pd/CzCrmale31210.011503.52E-00&Polley,1972I(;.,)810pd/CzCrmale27280.017&03.15E-OO&Polley,1972-'810pd/CzCrmale28350.018&01.44E-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrmale24420.021001.OOE-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrmale2&490.023302.OlE-00&Polley,1972810pd/CzCrmale24700.028705.18E-OO&Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale3510.001502.25E-008Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale4&70.004703.03E-007Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale39140.007801.OOE-00&Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale58210.010402.33E-00&Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale49280.015301.89E-00&Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale43420.01840&.81E-007Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale415&0.021301.&3E-OO&Polley,1972810*A/Crfemale42700.023201.44E-00&Polley,1972810*A/Crmale3210.001&02.25E-008Polley,1972810*A/Crmale4470.004902.50E-007Polley,1972810*A/Crmale38140.008409.51E-007Polley,1972810*A/Crmale&l210.011803.15E-OO&Polley,1972810*A/Crmale48280.017004.&2E-OO&Polley,19720810*A/Crmale39420.022&03.80E-OO&Polley,19721.0810*A/Crmale405&0.024903.52E-OO&Polley,1972.......0810*A/Crmale38700.02&204.41E-00&Polley,19721'\.).......c:c-.J

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09/02/87TABLE3-2(cont.).......0SpedesSexNumberofAgeWeightVarlanceReference..00Animals(days)(kg)>810*129(5M)/Crmale2510.001104.00E-008Polley,1972810*129(5M)/Crmale2510.004602.76E-007Polley,1972810*129(5M)/Crmale26140.009002.03£-006Polley,1972810"129(5M)/Crmale24210.011604.73£-006Polley,1912810*129(5M)/Crmale31280.017204.52E-006Polley,1912810"129(5M)/Crmale29420.022402.18E-006Polley,1972810*129(5M)/Crmale30560.024802.98E-006Polley,1972810*129(5M)/Crmale27700.027204.31E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybrldfemale5010.001909.00E-008Polley,197286AKF1Hybridfemale4510.004502.76E-007Polley,197286AKF1Hybridfemale40140.005407.56E-008Polley.197286AKF1Hybridfemale45210.007704.90E-007Poney,197286AKF1Hybrldfemale44280.011302.76E-007Polley,197286AKF1Hybrldfemale45420.015402.64E-006Polley,197286AKF1HybrIdfemale45490.011102.25E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybrldfemale45560.020103.06(-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybridfemale45630.022001.89E-006Poney,1972(..,)86AKF1Hybridfemale45700.022402.64(-006Polley,1972I86AKF1HybrIdfemale45170.026003.06E-006Polley,1972(..,)86AKF1Hybridfemale45840.021005.06E-006Polley,1972(..,)86AKF1Hybridfemale251120.029104.00(-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybridmale5010.001901.22E-007Polley,197286AKF1HybrIdmale4810.004802.50(-007Polley,197286AKF1Hybrldmale55140.006003.60E-007Polley,197286AKF1Hybridmale50210.008008.10E-007Polley,197286AKF1Hybrldmale42280.011103.31E-007Polley,197l86AKF1Hybrldmale45420.011504.52E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybridmale45490.016305.06E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybridmale45560.022303.52E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybridmale45630.023104.00E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybrldmale45700.023705.64E-006Pol1ey,197286AKF1Hybr\dmale45770.028801.89E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybridmale45840.030203.06E-006Polley,197286AKF1Hybridmale451120.032702.25E-006Polley,197286C3Flfemale3706420.0NSCameronetal.,198586C3Flfemale3706560.0NSCameroneta1.,198586C3F1female3706770.0NSCameronetal.,1985086C3flfemale3706910.0NSCameronetal.,1985..086C3Flfemale37061190.0NSCameroneta1.,1985.........086C3Flfemale37061400.0NSCameronetal.,19851'\,)86C3Flfemale37061960.0NSCameronetal.,1985.........(XI86C3F1female37062940.0NSCameroneta1.,1985....,jTABLE 3-l (cont.)

..... Sex Number of Age Reference

..0 Spec\es We\ght Yar\ance

..0 An\mals (days) (kg)

c > B6C3Fl female 3706 371 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 3706 455 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 3706 53l 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 3706 6l3 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 3706 707 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 3706 110 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B6C3F 1 female 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B6C3F1 female 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

BliC3Fl female 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B6C3Fl female 31i 1 0.0 4.00E-008 Po\ley, 197l

86C3Fl female l3 1 0.0 7. 23E -007 Polley, 197l

B6C3Fl female 42 l4 0.0 l.89E-001i Polley, 197l

B6C3Fl female 33 21 0.0 2.33E-001i Polley, 197l

B6C3F l female 38 28 0.0 3. 52E -DOli Polley, 197l

86C3Fl female 37 4l 0.0 6.38E-001i Polley, 197l

86C3Fl male 3634 4l 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

c,.) 86C3Fl male 3634 4l 0.0 NS cameron et al., 1985

I B6C3Fl male 3&34 &3 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

c,.) .jloo B6C3Fl male 3&34 11 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

8&C3F 1 male 3&34 98 0.0 NS cameron et al., 1985

8&C3F 1 male 3&34 105 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B&C3F 1 male 3634 126 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

B&C3Fl male 3&34 133 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

BliC3F 1 male 3&34 115 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

86C3F 1 male 3&34 25l 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

81iC3Fl male 3&34 483 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

BliC3F 1 male 3&34 5&7 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

86C3F 1 male 3&34 644 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

8&C3Fl male 3&34 110 0.0 NS Cameron et al., 1985

BliC3Fl male 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B&C3Fl male 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B6C3Fl male 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B6C3Fl male 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B&C3Fl male 48 NS 0.0 NS Oller et al., 1985

B&C3Fl male 29 1 0.0 3.0&£-008 Polley, 1912

BliC3F1 male 27 1 0.0 4.22£-007 Polley, 1912

B&C3Fl male 38 l4 0.0 9. 51E-007 Polley, 1972

c B&C3Fl male 33 21 0.0 &.76E-001i Polley, 1972

..0 BliC3F 1 male 29 28 0.0 1.32E-001i Polley, 1912

....... B6C3Fl male 35 4l 0.0 1.&3E -OOii Polley, 1972

c

N

.......

**~** -.1TARLE3-2(cont.)...JI.CSpec,esSexNumberofAgeWe,ghtVarianceReferenceI.C0Animals(days)(kg)>861CC3fflHybr\dfemale4510.05.06[-008Polley,197286KC3fflHybrldfemale5110.04.90[-007Polley,197286KC3fflHybridfemale51140.01.16E-006Po\ley,197286KC3ff1Hybr\dfemale52210.01.82E-OO&Po\ley,1972861CC3ff1Hybrldfemale49280.04.31E-OO&Po11ey,19728&KC3fF1Hybr'dfemale39420.02.18[-00&Po\ley,197286KC3fflHybddfemale205&0.01.16[-00&Po11ey,1972B&ICC3fF1Hybrldmale4610.04.00[-008Po11ey,197286KC3fF1Hybridmale3770.02.26E-007Po1ley,1972B&KC3fflHybridmale39140.02.18E-OO&Po\ley,197286KC3ff1HybrMmale3921o.o2.72[-006Po11ey,19728&KC3fF1Hybr'dmale38280.06.25E-00&Po\ley,1972B&KCJfFlHybr\dmale31420.03.33[-006Po11ey,197286KC3fflHybr1dmale20560.01.21E-00&Po11ey,1972CBA/JCrfemale5&10.05.06E-008Polley,1972CBA/JCrfemale5270.02.50[-007Polley,1972(..:ICBA/JCrfemale53140.09.02[-007Polley,1972ICBA/JCrfemale5&210.04.22E-007Polley,1972(..:ICBA/JCrfemale56280.07.&6E-007Polley,1972fJ'ICBA/JCrfemale45420.01.27E-OO&Po11ey,1972CRA/JCrfemale45490.01.27[-006Polley,1972CRA/JCrfemale475&0.03.52E-OO&Polley,1972CRA/JCrfemale52&30.01.S&E-006Polley,1972CRA/JCrfemale64700.02.&4£-00&Polley,1972CBA/JCrfemale48770.0J.O&E-00&Polley,1972CBA/JCrfemale&5840.05.0&E-OO&Po11ey,1972CRA/JCrfemale531120.0S.O&E-00&Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale4910.07.56[-008Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale4910.01.41E-007Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale49140.0l.OOE-00&Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale53210.08.5&£-007Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale53280.0l.OSE-006Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale45420.01.89E-006Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale45490.03.06E-OO&Po11ey,1912CBA/JCrmale455&0.0J.O&E-006Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale49630.05.64£-00&Polley,1972CBA/JCrmale55700.08.21E-006Po11ey,19720CBA/JCrmale51110.04.52E-OO&Polley,1912I.C'CBA/JCrmale55840.09.00E-OO&Polley,19720CBA/JCrmale411120.06.25E-OO&Polley,19721'1.)'(X)CBA/Jfemale151000.02.56[-006Kutscher,1974.....,CBA/Jmale151000.02.5&E-OO&Kutscher,1974TABLE 3-2 (cont.)

..... \1:1 Species Sex Number of Age Weight Variance Reference

\1:1

0

Animals (days) (kg)

> CBFl Hybr ld female 40 1 0.0 3.03E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 45 1 0.0 l.BH-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 40 14 0.0 1.41E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld female 45 21 0.0 1.22E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 55 28 0.0 3.60E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 45 42 0.0 1.27E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 55 49 0.0 1.56E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld female 45 56 0.0 3.06E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld female 45 63 0.0 2.25E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 45 70 0.0 3.52E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld female 45 77 0.0 4.00E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 45 84 0.0 4.52E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid female 45 112 0.0 3.06E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl Hybrid male 40 1 0.0 3.03E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid male 50 7 0.0 2.26E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld male 40 14 0.0 2.02E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld male 40 21 0.0 3.03E-007 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid male 52 28 0.0 1.96E-006 Polley, 1972

(..) CBFl Hybrid male 45 42 0.0 3.52E-006 Polley, 1972

I (..)

CBFl Hybr ld male 55 49 0.0 1.56E-006 Polley, 1972

a- CBFl Hybrid male 45 56 0.0 2.25E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid male 45 63 0.0 6.25E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld male 45 70 0.0 6.25E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybr ld male 45 77 0.0 9.00E-006 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid male 45 84 0.0 1 .31E -005 Polley, 1972

CBFl

Hybrid male 45 112 0.0 5.64E-006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb female 201 1 0.0 6.25E-008 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb female 204 7 0.0 2.25E-006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb female 205 14 0.0 2.89E-005 Pol ley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb female 205 21 0.0 5.29E-006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb female 201 28 0.0 3.33[-006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb female 152 42 0.0 5.52E-006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb female 147 56 0.0 6.89[-006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb male 203 1 0.0 6.25E-008 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb male 205 7 0.0 1. 56E -006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb male 205 14 0.0 3.80E-006 Polley, 1972

CD.CDBA.CD2

Hyb male 204 21 0.0 4.41E-006 Polley, 1972

0

CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb male 202 28 0.0 7.98E-006 Polley, 1972

\1:1 CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb male 152 42 0.0 2 .OlE -006 Polley, 1972

'

0 CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb male 155 56 0.0 4.73E-006 Polley, 1972

""

'

(X) .....TABLE3-2(cont.)\QSpec1esSexNumberofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference\QAn1mals(days)(kg)0>CO-lmale19370.0NSfa1rch1ld,1972CO-lmale951i0.0NSfa1rch11d,1972CO-lmale10140.0NSFa1rch11d,1972CFW/PlCrfemale2410.09.00E-008Po11ey,1972CFW/PlCrfemale2410.01.81E-007Po11ey,1972CFW/PlCrfemale24140.03.31E-007Po11ey,1972CFW/PlCrfemale2421o.o1.li3E-OOiiPo1ley,1972CFW/PlCrfemale24280.03.52E-001iPo11ey,1972CFW/PlCrfemale24420.03.52E-OOiiPo1ley,1972CFW/PlCrfemale2451i0.02.48E-001iPo11ey,1972CFW/PlCrfemale24700.02.72E-001iPo11ey,1972CFW/PlCrmale2410.01.41E.,007Po11ey,1972CFW/PlCrmale2470.01.81E-007Po1ley,1972CFW/PlCrmale24140.04.51iE-007Po11ey,1972CFW/PlCrmale14210.02.40E-001iPo1ley,1972CFW/PlCrmale2426o.o1.40E-001iPo1ley,1972CFW/PlCrmale24420.03.52E-OOiiPo11ey,1972(...:)CFW/PlCrmale2451i0.03.52E-001iPo11ey,1972ICFW/PlCrmale24700.03.24E-OOiiPo11ey,1972(...:)-.JCharlesR1vermale8NS0.0NSOelaeyetal.,1975CharlesR1vermale1NS0.0NSDelaeyetal.,1975Crl,CD-l,CR,BRfemale40700.07.1iliE-007Chvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CD-l,CR,ORfemale40140o.o1.41E-007Chvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,ORfemale401820.03.91E-007Chvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CD-l,CR,ORfemale·401100.05.1i3E-007Chvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CD-l,CR,DRfemale402800.0l.OOE-OOiiChvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CD-l,CR,ORfemale4031i4o.o1.21E-OOiiChvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,BRfemale404200.01.51iE-001iChvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,ORfemale404900.0l.OOE-OOiiChvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,ORfemale40541i0.03.91E-007Chvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CD-l,CR,8Rmale40700.0l.OOE-OOiiChvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,ORmale401400.0l.OOE-OOiiChvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,ORmale401820.05.1i3E-007Chvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,ORmale401100.01.27E-OOiiChvedoffetal.,1980Crl,CO-l,CR,ORmale402800.05.li2E-007Chvedoffetal.,19800Crl,CO-l,CR,BRmale4031i40.01.51iE-OOiiChvedoffetal.,1980\.£)Crl,CO-l,CR,ORmale404200.02.1i4E-001iChvedoffetal.,1960........Crl,CO-l,CR,BRmale404900.01.OOE-OOiiChvedoffetal.,19800NCrl,CO-l,CR,BRmale40541i0.05.1i4E-001iChvedoffetal.,1980........cg-.JTABLE 3-2 (cont.)

...J \,1) Spedes Sex Number of Age We1ght Variance Reference

\,1)

Antmals (days) (kg)

0 > Cr GP( S). Swiss female 52 1 o.o 1.56( -008 Polley, 1972

Cr

GP(S).Swlss female !i2 7 0.0 1.81E-007 Polley, 1972

Cr

GP(S) .Swiss female 4!i 14 0.0 3.03E -007 Po11ey, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

female !i3 21 0.0 7.66E-007 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

female !i9 28 0.0 1.89[-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Sw1ss

female 63 42 0.0 3.06E-006 Po\ley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swhs

female 67 5!i 0.0 2.50E-007 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S)

.Swiss female 61 70 0.0 5.1i2E-007 Polley, 1972

Cr

:GP(S) .Swiss female 58 84 0.0 1.27E -006 Po11ey, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

female 55 112 0.0 2.25[-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

female 49 140 0.0 9.00[-008 Po1ley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

female 38 168 0.0 5.29E-006 Po11ey, 1972

Cr :GP(S) .Swiss male 37 1 0.0 1. 56[ -008 Po1ley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Sw1ss

male 50 7 0.0 9.00[-008 Po11ey, 1972

Cr :GP(S) .Swiss male 45 14 0.0 6.8H-007 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

male 48 21 0.0 7 .66E -007 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

male 55 28 0.0 3.061:-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

male 51 42 0.0 5 .li2E -007 Polley, 1972

<.,.) Cr:GP(S).Swlss male 54 56 0.0 1. 27E -006 Polley, 1972

I <.,.) Cr:GP(S).Swlss male 49 70 0.0 5.!i2E-007 Polley, 1972

a:> Cr :GP(S). Swl ss male 35 84 0.0 2.40(-006 Polley, 1972

Cr: GP(S). Swl ss male 33 112 0.0 4.20£-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

male 30 140 0.0 4.1!iE-005 Po11ey, 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swlss

male 34 168 0.0 6.63E -006 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) female 105 1 0.0 6.25£-008 Po11ey, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW)

female 107 7 0.0 3.03E-007 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW)

female 100 14 0.0 5.63E-007 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW)

female 99 21 0.0 1.56E-006 Po1ley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) female 106 28 0.0 3.33E-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) female 107 42 0.0 5.06E-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) female 109 56 0.0 4.20E-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW)

female 108 10 0.0 2 .64E-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW)

female 101 84 0.0 2 .14E-005 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW)

female 99 112 o.o 8.85E-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW)

female 77 140 0.0 9. 77E-006 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) female 77 11i8 0.0 1. 22E -005 Polley, 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) male 104 1 0.0 6.25E -008 Polley, 1972

0 Cr:MGAPS(SW) male 98 7 o.o 3.02E-007 Polley, 1972

\,1) Cr:MGAPS(SW) male 105 14 0.0 4.90E -007 Polley, 1972



### ' Cr:MGAPS(SW) male 106 21 0.0 2 .25E -006 Polley, 1972

0 1'\,)

Cr:MGAPS(SW) male 101 28 o.o 3.52E-006 Po11ey, 1972



### ' Cr:MGAPS(SW) male 101 42 0.0 6.63E -006 Polley, 1972

a:> .....,TABLE3-2(cont.)......\DSpec\esSexNumberofAgeWe\ghtVarianceReference\DAn\mals(days)(kg)0>Cr:..GAPS(SW)male96560.09.15E-006Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(SW)male105700.03.15E-006Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(SW)male107840.04.20E-006Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(SW)male1001120.0l.lOE-006Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(SW)male851400.01.30E-005Poney,1972Cr:..GAPS(SW)male84168o.o1.31E-005Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale50l0.01.56£-008Po11ey,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale5110.03.31E-007Po1ley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale52140.01.32£-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale56210.03.02E-007Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale51280.02.64£-006Po1ley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale59420.02.18E-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale59560.02.03£-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale49700.01.50£-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale69840.01.89E-006Po\ley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale111120.04.00£-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale481400.04.95£-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrfemale631680.01.04£-005Polley,1972(..)jC3HF/HeCrmale50l0.02.25£-008Potley,1972(..)\DC3HF/HeCrmale5110.01.60£-007Po11ey,1972C3HF/HeCrmale53140.09.51£-007Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrmale5621o.ol.ME-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrmale54280.06.38£-006Polley,1972C3Hf/HeCrmale57420.03.15E-006Polley,1972C3Hf/HeCrmale41560.02.48£-006Po1ley,1972C3Hf/HeCrmale46700.01.38E-006Polley,1972C3Hf/HeCrmale66840.02.lOE-006Polley,1972C3HF/HeCrmale111120.05.06£-006Polley,1972C3Hf/HeCrmale461400.01.69E-006Polley,1972C3Hf/HeCrmale351680.04.31E-006Polley,1972C3H/81Crfemale3510.06.25£-008Polley,1972C3H/81Crfemale3510.06.25£-008Potley,1972C3H/81Crfemale34140.03.31E-007Polley,1972C3H/81Crfemale34210.07.23E-007Polley,1972C3H/81Crfemale34280.06.40E-007Po1ley.1972C3H/B1Crfemale56350.01.21£-006Polley,1972C3H/81Crfemale70420.01.21E-006Polley,19720C3H/81Crfemale64490.07.66£-007Polley,1972\DC3H/81Cr......female61560.09.02E-007Polley,197201'\)......co....,TABLE3-2(cont.).....1.1)SpedesSexNumberofAgeWeightVarianceReference1.1)0Animals(days)(kg)>C3H/81Crmale5110.0&.25E-008Polley,1972C3H/81Crmale4170.02.2&E-007Polley,1972C3H/B1Crmale42140.03.&0E-007Polley,1972C3H/81Crmale41210.04.5&E-007Polley,1912C3H/BtCrmale4328o.ol.OOE-00&Polley,1972C3H/81Crmale50350.0l.OOE-00&Polley,1972C3H/BICrmale&2420.02.64[-006Polley,1972C3H/Bitrmale58490.01.16E-006Polley,1972C3H/81Crmale57560.01.21E-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrfemale16010.06.25(-008Polley,1972C3H/Hetrfemale17670.08.10(-007Polley,1972C3H/HeCrfemale118140.02.48[-006PoIley,1972C3H/HeCrfemaleno210.02.98E-006Polley,1972C3H/Hetrfemale100280.04.84E-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrfemale43.420.02.33E-006Polley,1972C3H/Hetrfemale45560.01.56E-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrfemale6&700.04.31E-006Polley,1972C3H/Hetrfemale80840.0J.O&E-006Polley,1972(..3C3H/HeCrfemale84112o.o2.25(-006Polley,1972I.jllloC3H/Hetrfemale411400.02.81E-006Polley.19720C3H/Hetrfemale321680.02.48E-006Polley.1972C3H/Hetrmale17810.05.06(-008Polley,1972C3H/Hetrmale18970.01.38E-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrmale115140.01.56(-006Polley,1972C3H/Hetrmale103210.04.7JE-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrmale100280.06.63(-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrmale53420.04.20(-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrmale55560.05.76[-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrmale&8700.07.43E-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrmale79840.01.11E-005Polley,1972C3H/Hetrmale&71120.02.33(-006Polley,1972C3H/Hetrmale461400.02.72(-006Polley,1972C3H/HeCrmale411&80.01.05E-006Polley,1972C3H/HeJfemale151000.0l.OOE-001)Kutscher,1974C3H/HeJmale151000.01.00E-00&Kutscher.19740C57Bl/10ScCrfemale3410.08.5&E-007Polley,19721.1)C5781/10ScCrfemale3270.03.31E-007Polley,1972'0C5781/10ScCrfemale29140.04.56E-007Polley,1972NC5781/10ScCrfemale29210.02.03E-006Polley,1972'CDC5781/10ScCrfemale27280.03.06E-006Polley,1972-..1TABlE3-2(cont.)...J\C)Spec1esSexNumberofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference\C)cAnlmals(days)(kg)>CS7Bl/10ScCrfemale'l1420.02.72E-006Po11ey,1972C57Bl/10ScCrfemale24560.02.50E-007Po11ey,1972C57Bl/10ScCrfemale21700.04.41E-006Po1ley,1972C5781/10ScCrfemale21840.02.33E-006Po11ey,1972C57Bl/10ScCrfemale221120.04.62E-006Po11ey,1972CS781/10ScCrfemale191400.03.24E-006Polley,1972C57Bl/10ScCrfemale211680.03.90E-006Po11ey,1972C5781/lOScCrmale3310.04.90E-007Polley,1972CS7Bl/10ScCrmale3210.02.76E-007Po1ley,1972C57Bl/1OScCrmale31140.03.02(-007Po11ey,1972C5781/10Sctrmale30210.02.72[-006Polley,1972t5781/10Sctrmale28280.03.42(-006Po11ey,1972C57Bl/10Sctrmale29420.01.96[-006Po1ley,1972CS781/10Sctrmale28560.07.66E-007Po11ey,1972t5781/10Sctrmale25700.0l.OOE-006Po11ey,1972t57Bl/10Sctrmale23840.02.89E-006Po11ey,11172t57B111OScCrmale211120.03.33E-006Po11ey,1972t5781/10Sctrmale221400.02.64E-006Po11ey,1972(..,)C57Bl/10Sctrmale211680.04.84E-006Po11ey,1972I""'...JC5781/6CRfemale42310.01.23E-007Po11ey,1972t5781/6CRfemale37770.01.44E-006Po1ley,1972C5781/6CRfemale375140.01.50[-006Polley,1972t5781/6CRfemale366210.09.41E-005Po1ley,1972C5781/6CRfemale428280.0S.29E-006Polley,1972t57Bl/6CRfemale342420.05.06(-006Po11ey,1972C5781/6CRfemale318560.01.85E-005Po11ey,1972t57Bl/6CRfemale180700.01.39(-005Polley,1972t5781/6CRfemale93840.09.30(-006Polley,1972C5781/6CRfemale1251120.09.61E-006Po11ey,1972t5781!6CRfemale961400.01.52[-005Po11ey,1972t57Bl/6CRfemale961680.09.00E-006Po11ey,1972C578116CRmale44410.01.81E-007Po\ley,1972t5781/6CRmale36670.02.03E-006Polley,1972t57Bl/6CRmale369140.01.63E-006Polley,1972t57Bl/6CRmale359210.03.71E-006Po11ey,1972t5781/6CRmale419280.01.07E-005Po1ley,1972t57Bl/6CRmale270420.01.62E-005Po1ley.1972cC57Bl/6CRmale210560.01.07E-005Polley,1972..0C578116CRmale117700.01.04E-005Po11ey,1972......cC57Bl/6CRmale63840.08.12E-006Po11ey,1972!'\)t5781/6CRmale1001120.01.98E-005Po11ey,1972......Q:)t5781/6CRmale711400.0l.llE-005Po11ey,1972_,C5781/6CRmale881680.01.21E-005Po1ley,1972TABLE 3-2 (cont.)

...J ID Spec1es Sex Number of Age We1ghl Yartance Reference

ID 

### c An1mals (days) (kg)



### > C5781/6KaCr female 58 1 0.0 5.06E-008 Po1ley, 1972

C5781/6KaCr

female 58 1 0.0 1.10E-006 Po11ey, 1912

C578

1/6KaCr female 60 14 0.0 1. 32E-006 Po11ey, 1912

C5781/6KaCr

female 59 21 0.0 2.33E-006 Po11ey, 1912

C5781/6KaCr

female 55 28 0.0 5.76E-006 Po11ey, 1972

C578116KaCr

female 32 42 0.0 8.12E-006 Po1 ley, 1972

C5781/6KaCr

female 23 56 0.0 6.76E-006 Po11ey, 1912

C5781/6KaCr male 58 1 0.0 4.00E-008 Po11ey, 1912

C5781/6KaCr

male 55 1 0.0 1.16E-006 Polley, 1972

C5781/6KaCr

male 54 14 0.0 1.56E-006 Po1ley, 1972

C578116KaCr

male 52 21 0.0 2 .64E-006 Polley, 1972

C5781/6KaCr

male 45 28 0.0 1. 06E -005 Polley, 1972

C5781/6KaCr

male 40 42 0.0 5.64E -006 Polley, 1972

C578116KaCr

male 20 56 0.0 5.18E-006 Polley, 1972

C5781/& NS 15 71 0.0 4.95E-OO& Hoover-Plow and Nelson, 1985

C57l/Cr female 40 1 0.0 l.OOE -008 Polley, 1972

(..) C51l/Cr female 40 1 0.0 1. 5&E -008 Polley, 1972

I .jilt

C57l/Cr female 40 14 0.0 2.26E-007 Po11ey, 1972



### ....., C57l/Cr female 40 21 0.0 1.05E -006 Po11ey, 1972

C57l/Cr

female 40 28 0.0 3.31E-007 Po11e-y. 1972

C57l/Cr

female 40 42 0.0 4.22E-007 Polley, 1972

C57l/Cr

female 40 56 0.0 6.40E-007 Po1ley, 1972

C51l/Cr

female 40 10 0.0 1.63E-006 Po11ey, 1972

C51l/Cr

female 40 84 0.0 1.76E-006 Pot ley, 1972

C51l/Cr

female 40 112 0.0 2 .25E -006 Po11ey, 1972

C57l/Cr

female 40 140 

## o.o 2.33E-006 Po11ey, 1972

C57l/Cr male 40 1 0.0 1. 56E-008 Po11ey, 1972

C51l/Cr

male 40 1 0.0 2 .25E -008 Po11ey, 1972

C57l/Cr

male 40 14 0.0 3.91E-007 Po11ey, 1972

C57l/Cr

male 40 21 0.0 5.62E-007 Po1ley, 1972

C57l/Cr

male 40 28 0.0 1.06E -007 Polley, 1972

C57l/Cr

male 40 42 0.0 2.26E-007 Polley, 1912

C57l/Cr

male 40 56 0.0 9.02E-007 Polley, 1972

C57l/Cr

male- 40 10 0.0 8.10E-007 Polley, 1972

C57l/Cr

male 40 84 0.0 9.02E-007 Polley, 1972

C51l/Cr

male 40 112 0.0 l.SOE-006 Polley, 1972



### c

C57l/Cr male 40 140 0.0 3.52E-006 Polley, 1972

1.0 C57L/HeN male 13 61 0.0 NS S1lverste1n, 1960

....... 

### c C57L/HeN male 13 152 0.0 NS Silverstein, 1960



### ....., ....... 

### co C57l/6J female 15 100 0.0 l.OOE -006 Kutscher, 1974

-..I C57l/liJ male 15 100 0.0 4.84E-006 Kutscher, 1974TABlE 3-2 (cont.)

...... \D Spedes Sex Number of Age Weight Variance Reference

\D

0 Animals (days) (kg)

> DBA/2Cr female 423 1 0.0 2.02E -007 Po11ey, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 408 7 0.0 1.82E-006 Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 478 14 0.0 2.64[-006 Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 412 21 0.0 8.12[ -006 Po1ley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 43& 28 0.0 8. 5&E -00& Po1ley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 393 42 0.0 b.89E-006 Po\ley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 242 5& 0.0 1. 44E -005 Po11ey, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 1&7 70 0.0 1. 22E -005 Po1ley, 1972

OBA/2Cr female WI 84 0.0 8.12E-006 Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 83 112 0.0 1.16[ -005 Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 89 140 0.0 7.98[-00& Pol ley, 1972

DBA/2Cr female 105 1&8 0.0 1.11[-005 Po11ey, 1972

OBA/2Cr male 407 1 0.0 1.81E-007 Pol ley, 1972

OBA/2Cr male 423 7 0.0 2.89E-00b Po11ey, 1972

DBA/2Cr male 470 14 0.0 2 .81E-006 Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr male 398 21 0.0 7.02[-00& Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr male 451 28 0.0 1.09E -005 Po11ey, 1972

(,..) DBA/2Cr male 249 42 0.0 8.41E -006 Polley, 1972

I DBA/2Cr male 1&5 56 0.0 6.63[-006 Po11ey, 1972

..,. DBA/2Cr male 150 70 0.0 9.77E-006 Pol ley, 1972

(,..) DBA12Cr male 139 84 0.0 8.85E-006 Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr male 89 112 0.0 1 .43E -005 Polley, 1972

DBA/2Cr male 64 140 0.0 8 .27E -006 Po \ley, 1972

DBAI2Cr male 96 168 0.0 1.44[-005 Polley, 1972

DBA/2JN male 9 152 0.0 NS Silverstein, 1960

DBA/2J female 15 100 0.0 2.56[-006 Kutscher, 1974

DBA/2J male 15 100 0.0 4.41E-006 Kutscher, 1974

Deer NS NS NS 0.0 NS Bruce, 1950

02AKF1 Hybrid female 35 1 0.0 7.56E-008 Po1ley, 1972

D2AKF1 Hybrid female 40 7 0.0 &.OlE-007 Polley, 1972

D2AKF1 Hybr ld female 29 14 0.0 8. 10[ -007 Polley, 1972

D2AKF1 Hybrid female n 21 0.0 4.90[-007 Po1ley, 1972

D2AKF1 Hybrid female 28 28 0.0 3. 91E -007 Polley, 1972

D2AKF1 Hybr 1d female 39 42 0.0 1. 27E -006 Polley, 1972

0 D2AKF1 Hybr 1d female 39 56 o.o l.OOE-006 Po11ey, 1972

u:>

....... D2AKF1 Hybrid female 51 70 0.0 4. 52E-OO& Po11ey, 1972

0 D2AKF 1 Hybr 1 d female 40 84 0.0 1.5&[-006 Po11ey, 1972

r..,)

....... 02AKF 1 Hybr 1 d female 47 112 0.0 1.89[-006 Po11ey, 1972

CD

.....TABLE3-2(cont.)......\DSpedesSexNumberofAgeWeightVarlanceReference\D0Animals(days)(kg)>D2AKF1Hybddmale4010.09.00E-008Polley,1972D2AKF1Hybridmale3570.05.2&£-007Polley,197202AKF1Hybridmale30140.0L:m-oo&Polley,197202AKF1Hybridmale25210.0&.OH-007Polley,191202AKF1Hybrldmale2&280.03.03E-007Polley,197202AKF1Hybridmale38420.0l.OOE-00&Po1ley,1972D2AKF1Hybrldmale4&560.04.00[-00&Polley,197202AKF1HybrIdmale49700,02.&4[-00&Polley,197202AKF1Hybridmale40840.04.52£-00&Po1ley,197202AKF1Hybrldmale441120.03.52[-00&Polley,1972HAIICRmale8690.0NSFa,rchlld,1972HAIICRmale8900.0NSFalrch11d,1972HousemaleNSNS0.0l.OOE-004Tolmasoffetal.,1980INS14710.03.71E-OO&Hoover-PlowandNelson,1985(,.)NIH/PlCrfemale24l0.0l.OOE-008Potley,1972INIH/PlCrfemale2410.02.7&£-007PoUey,1972...NIH/PlCrfemale24140.02.03[-00&PoUey,1972...NIH/PlCrfemale24210.02.18E-OO&Polley,1972NIH/PlCrfemale24280.01.OOE-00&Potley,1972NIH/PlCrfemale24420.02.03[-00&Po11ey,1972NlH/PlCrfemale24560.01.44[-00&Po1ley,1972NIH/PlCrfemale24700.01.38E-006Po11ey,1972NIH/PlCrmale241o.o2.25E-008Polley,1972NIH/PlCrmale2470.02.02£-007Potley,1972NIH/PlCrmale24140.01.21E-OO&Polley,1972NIH/PlCrmale24210.0&.40E-007Potley,1972NIH/PlCrmale24280.02.64E-00bPolley,1972NIH/PlCrmale24420.02.03E-00bPolley,1972NIH/PlCrmale245b0.02.48E-006Potley,1972NIH/PlCrmale24700.01.7bE-OObPotley,1972NZ8/CrfemaleJb10.01.5bE-008Polley.1972NZB/Crfemale4910.06.25£-008Po11ey,1972NZB/Crfemale38140.03.91E-007Polley,1972NZ8/Crfemale45210.06.81E-007Potley,19720NZB/Crfemale41280.0l.lOE-OObPolley,1972\DNZB/Crfemale47420.01.21E-006Potley,1972'0NZB/Crfemale46560.0J.O&E-006Polley,1972N'NZB/Crfemale51700.03.52E-006Potley,1972Q',)NZB/Crfemale53840.01.56E-006Polley,1972......!NZB/Crfemale511120.0l.OOE-006Potley,1972

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09/02/87TABLE3-2(cont.).....IDSpedesSexNumberofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReferenceID0An1mals(daysI(kg)>NSNSNSNS0.0NSDruce,1950NSNSNSNS0.0NSBruce,1950NSNSNSNS0.0NSLane-Peteretal.,1967NSNSNSNS0.0NSLane-Peteretal.,1967NSNS530.02.25E-006Mortola,1984NSNSNSNS0.01.56E-006Druce,1950PRI/Pltrfemale4510.01.56E-008Polley,1972PRI/Pltrfemale4410.01.21E-006Po1ley,1972PRI/Pltrfemale41140.02.48E-006Polley,1972PRI/Pltrfemale33210.06.40E-007Po1ley,1972PRI/Pltrfemale29280.05.41E-006Polley,1972PRI/Pltrfemale26420.04.84£-006Po11ey,1972PRI/Pltrfemale25560.02.64E-006Polley,1972PRI/Pltrfemale23700.01.89E-006Po11ey,1972(,)PRI/Pltrfemale23840.02.50E-007Polley,1972IPRI/Pltrfemale311120.04.84£-006Polley,1972-laPRI/Pltrfemale291400.07.70E-006Po11ey,1972C1'PRI/Pltrfemale331&80.05.52E-006Polley,1972PRI/Pltrmale4710.03.06E-008Po11ey,1972PRI/Pltrmale461o.o1.16(-006Po11ey,1972PRI/Pltrmale45140.03.06(-006Po11ey,1972PRI/Pltrmale44210.0l.OSE-006Po11ey,1972PRI/Pltrmale30280.05.64(-006Po11ey,1972PRI/Pltrmale26420.05.18E-006Po11ey,1972PRI/Pltrmale29560.01.21E-006Po\ley,1972PRI/Pltrmale23700.01.82E-006Po\ley,1972PRI/Pltrmale21840.03.90E-006Po\ley,1972PRI/Pltrmale201120.02.40E-006Polley,1972PRI/Pltrmale221400.02.64E-006Polley,1972PRI/Pltrmale241680.0l.SOE-006Polley,1972SJL/JCrfemale6910.05.06E-008Polley,1972SJL/JCrfemale7470.03.60(-007Polley,1972SJL/JCrfemale67140.01.56E-008Po\ley,1972SJL/JCrfemale69210.05.63(-007Polley,1972QSJLIJCrfemale76280.08.56E-007Polley,1972""SJL/JCrfemale14350.06.25(-006Polley,1972'0SJL/JCrfemale11420.05.06E-006Polley,1972NSJLIJCrfemale70490.03.52E-006Polley,1972't:)SJL/JCrfemale68560.03.06E-006Polley,1972-.ITABLE3-2(cont.).....\DSpec1esSexNumberofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference\D0Animals(days)(kg)>SJl/JCrfemale70630.03.0&[-006Polley,1972SJl/JCrfemale75700.02.64E-006Polley,1972SJl/JCrfemale83110.03.06E-006Polley,1972SJl/JCrfemaleb9840.05.64E-006Polley,1972SJl/JCrfemale681120.01.27E-006Polley,1972SJL/JCr7310.03.06[-008Polley,1972SJL/JCr8210.01.60E-007Polley,1972SJLIJCrmale14l4o.o1.41E-007Po11ey,1972SJL/JCrmale73210.01.50E-006Polley,1972SJL/JCrmale79280.01.76E-006Polley,1972SJLIJCrmale79350.04.00E-006Polley,1972SJLIJCrmale79420.04.00E-006Polley,1972SJL/JCrmale75490.04.00E-006Polley,1972SJl/JCrmale12560.04.52E-006Polley,1972SJl/JCrmale65630.02.25E-006Polley,1972SJL/JCrmale71700.02.25E-006Polley,1972SJL/JCrmale84170.04.00E-006Polley,1972SJLIJCrmale64840.03.06[-006Polley,1972(.,.)SJl/JCrmale711120.02.25E-006Polley,1972l.,..-...ISM/JCrfellla1e51l0.05.06E-008Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale4610.04.00[-008Polley,1972SM/JCr59140.04.90E-007Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale48210.01.16E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale41l80.0l.OOE-006Po11ey,1972SM/JCrfemale53350.01.89E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale46420.01.56E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale50490.01.89E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale51560.02.25E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale49630.03.06E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale4b700.03.52E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale45170.03.06E-006Po1ley,1972SM/JCrfemale47840.03.06E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrfemale491120.04.00E-006Polley,1972SM/JCrmale4910.04.00E-008Polley,1972SM/JCrmale5510.05.06E-008Polley,1972SM/JCrmale53140.01.56E-008Pol1ey,1972SM/JCrmale61210.01.05E-006Pol1ey,19720SM/JCrmale49l80.09.51E-007Polley,19721.0SM/JCrmale49350.0l.OOE-006Polley,1972.......0SM/JCrmale53420.02.25[-006Polley,1972"'SM/JCrmale50490.01.89[-006Polley,1972.......(X!SM/JCrmale49560.01.89E-006Polley,1972-.1TABLE 3-2 (cont.)

...J

\.0 Spec1es Sex Number of Age Weight Variance Reference

\.0

0 Animals (days) (kg)

> SM/Jtr male 51 &3 0.0 3.0&E-OO& Polley. 1972

SM/Jtr male 44 10 0.0 4.00E-OO& Potley, 1972

SM/Jtr male 54 11 0.0 3.0&E-OO& Po11ey, 1972

SM/Jtr male 41 84 0.0 4.00E-00& Pol ley, 1972

SM/Jtr male 51 112 0.0 4.00E -006 Po1ley, 1972

STR/tr female 25 1 0.0 4.00E-008 Poney, 1972

STR/Cr female 25 1 0.0 2.50E-007 Polley, 1972

STR/tr female 25 14 0.0 5.&3E -007 Polley, 1972

STR/tr female 25 21 0.0 1.21E-OO& Polley, 1972

STR/tr female 25 28 0.0 3.52E-00& Po1ley, 1972

STR/tr female 25 42 0.0 3.52E-OO& Po11ey, 1972

STR/tr female 25 5& 0.0 3.90E-OO& Po11ey, 1972

STR/Cr female 25 10 0.0 4.95E-OO& Polley, 1972

STR/Cr female 25 84 o.o 5.52E-OO& Polley, 1972

STR/Cr male 25 1 0.0 J.O&E-008 Polley, 1972

STR/Cr male 25 1 0.0 2.50E-007 Po11ey, 1972

<..:t STR/Cr male 25 14 0.0 3. 91E -007 Polley, 1972

I STR/Cr male 25 21 0.0 2.25E-006 Polley, 1972

.,.. STR/Cr male 25 28 0.0 4.00[-006 Polley, 1972

Q:) STR/Cr male 25 42 0.0 5.&4E-OO& Polley, 1972

STR/Cr male 25 5& 0.0 5.06[-006 Polley, 1972

STR/Cr male 25 10 0.0 6.25E-006 Polley, 1972

STR/Cr male 25 84 0.0 6.89E-OO& Po11ey, 1972

STR/N male 12 61 0.0 NS Silverstein, 19&0

STAIN male 12 152 0.0 NS S11versteln, 19&0

STRilN female 13 152 0.0 NS Silverstein, 19&0

STR/1N male 8 152 0.0 NS Silverstein, 19&0

SWR/J female 15 100 0.0 1.9&E-OO& Kutscher. 1974

SWR/J male 15 100 0.0 4.41E-006 Kutscher, 1974

Various Inbred female NS 21 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

Various Inbred female NS 28 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

Various Inbred female NS 42 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

0 Various Inbred female NS 56 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

\.0 Various Inbred female NS 112 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

......

0

!'\)

...... Q:)

.....TABLE 3-2 (cont.)

.....

\.0 Species Sex Number of Age

\.0 Weight Variance Reference

0 Animals (days) (kg)

> Various Inbred male NS 21 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

Various Inbred male NS 28 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

Various Inbred male NS 42 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

Various Inbred male NS 56 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

Various Inbred male NS 112 0.0 NS NAS, 1978

Wh1 te-footed female 16 102 0.0 7.23E-005 Steger et al., 1980

White-footed female 4 159 0.0 6.25E-006 Steger et al., 1980

Whl te-footed female lf, 184 0.0 1.69E-006 Steger et al., 1980

Wh1 te-footed female 17 268 0.0 8.28E-005 Steger et al., 1980

White-footed female 13 394 0.0 6.89E-005 Steger et al., 1980

Wh He-footed female 10 411 0.0 5.18E-005 Steger et al., 1980

WhHe female 8 70 0.0 NS Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

White female 8 113 0.0 NS Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

Wh1te female 8 396 0.0 NS Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

Wh1te male 8 70 0.0 NS Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

(..) WhHe male 8 113 o.o NS Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

I Wh1te male 8 396 0.0 NS Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

**~** loD

ZWZ8Fl Hybrid female 43 1 0.0 5.06E-008 Polley, 1972

ZWZ8Fl Hybrid female 43 7 0.0 7.56E-008 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybr ld female 43 14 0.0 1.23E-007 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybr ld female 46 21 0.0 8.10E-007 Po11ey, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybrid female 49 28 0.0 8.10E-007 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybrid female 48 42 0.0 1.27E-006 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybrid female 48 56 o.o 1.27E-006 Pol ley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybr ld female 40 70 0.0 1. 56E -006 Polley, 1972

ZWZ8Fl Hybrid female 49 84 0.0 3.52E-006 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybrid female 42 112 0.0 3.52E-006 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybr ld male 42 1 0.0 1.22E-007 Polley, 1912

ZWZBFl Hybrid male 42 7 0.0 1.23E-007 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybrid male 48 14 0.0 1.22E-007 Polley, 1972

ZWZ8Fl Hybrid male 41 21 0.0 5.26E-007 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybrid male 42 28 0.0 7.23E-007 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybr ld male 45 42 0.0 6.89E-006 Po1ley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybr ld male 45 56 0.0 1. 56E -006 Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl Hybrid male 45 70 0.0 l.OOE-006 Polley, 1972

0 ZWZBFl Hybr ld male 41 84 0.0 7.66E-007 Po1ley, 1972

loD ..... ZWZBFl Hybrid male 42 112 o.o 7.66E-007 Polley, 1972

0

I"\)

..... Q) NS = Not specified

.....

# 1990A 0.05**-----~--!"""'"""-~--,----;---"""!--:---:---r-.......,1**

# 4---~-~----~~·~~·--~-r-+--~~-+--~-~ 

# 0.045



# •

. • i• • • • • • • 

# J

0.04**~-~~-i~~-+--~~~+---~--~** 

# ..**~~----~~~** 

# r . ! 

# i

. .. . . .. . .**~**

H

# 0.035-1---!!..i-i~tt.t!i•] Hit.-•'

# i~~·-t-----~-!-·--+--• ---!-! •

__ •

# -+--·___,...-~·**~** T Jl

# I~**'.~** •. !• ' •

# ~ l

1 0.03 

# ! 

# !L 

# i:**I~** : • • I 

# l J 

# i

0.025

# -f-1-Wim-I~!:.......,···!T-f---=-+---+r---+l----:--~-+---t-! 

# --;:

0.02 -H.

# ·rtF+--+---+--t-----+--..;--~--;----+----,i--~l**o.~s~~~L-._-~--~-~---~--~~--~~--+---~~--~**

# 1 0.01**-+wli"-+-----+---+------T---f--~ !_..,.__~_l,____,l** **51~ --~~----~--~--~--_.--~~--+---~---+--~;**  

# J

I



# 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0



# "'I IH**~YS**



# FIGURE 3-16

Body We1ght Data on Male and Female M1ce

(See Table 3-2 for data points and references)

3-50 09/02/87

# For the purposes of est\mating body weights over the lifespan, the most

relevant data are provided by Cameron et al. (1985). This publication

provides growth data on thousands of male and female B6C3Fl mice that were

used as vehicle and untreated controls in bioassays for carcinogenicity.

These bioassays were sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and conducted from 1971-1981. Body weight measurements were recorded from 6-110

weeks of age. The data summarized in Table 3-2 were estimated from Figures

1 and 2 in Cameron et al. (1985). Not all points from these figures are

summarized \n th\s report, but the points that are summarized adequately

reflect the overall growth curve. For female mice, only the curve from the

untreated animals was used, since the vehicle control female mice had a

somewhat lower body weight than the untreated controls from weeks 26-110.

Most tox\city studies on mice, as well as other small laboratory

rodents, are conducted over standard exposure periods. For subchronic

studies, weanling mice are usually exposed for 90 days. For chronic toxicity studies, weanling mice are usually exposed for 2 years or -730 days.

Consequently. standard reference va 1 ues wi 11 be recommended for both kinds

of stud\es. For subchronic tox\city studies, the recommended body we\ght

wi 11 be the TWA body weight from 21 days of age (the recommended age for

weanling mice) to 111 days of age (90 days postwean\ng). This will be

referred to as the recommended 11 

# subchronic 11 

# body weight. The correspond\ ng

recommended "chronic 11 

# body weight w\11 refer to the TWA body we\ght from

21-751 days of age. Recommended subchronic and chronic body weights for

various stra\ns of mice are presented in Table 3-3.

The recommended chron\c and subchronic body weights for B6C3Fl mice are

calculated directly from a composite of the data provided by Poiley (1972)

(days 1-42) and Cameron et al. (1985) (days 42-770}. These data are

presented in Figures 3-17 and 3-18, for male and female mice, respectively.

l990A 3-51 09/02/87-' 1..0

1..0

0

J> w

l Strain AKD2Fl AKD2F1 AKR/LwCr AKR/LwCr

All NCr

**~** AL/NCr A/JCr A/JCr BAF 1 Hybr 1d

BAF1 Hybrid BALB/cAnCr BALB/cAnCr B6AKF1

0 **~** B&AKFl

0

N

........ (X)

-.J Sex F M F M F M F M F M F M F M TABLE 3-3

Reference Values for Body Weights of Various Strains of Mice

Weight Weight at Subchron1c TWA Chronic TWA Reference

at Birth Weaning Body Weight Body Weight

0.002 0.0085 0.209 0.233* Po1ley. 1972

0.02 0.095 0.0246 0.0308* Poi ley. 1972

0.0014 0.0087 0.0222 0.0259* Polley. 1972

0.0015 0.0090 0.0252 0.0320* Polley. 1972

0.0014 0.0088 0.0251 0.0318* Polley. 1972

0.0015 0.0096 0.0274 0.0364* Polley. 1972

0.0012 0.0126 0.0224 0.0263* Polley. 1972

0.0012 0.0137 0.0243 0.0302* Polley. 1972

0.0021 0.0067 0.0204 0.0222* Polley, 1972

0.0022 0.0077 0.0223 0.0261* Po11ey. 1972

0.0017 0.0108 0.0200 0.0214* Polley, 1972

0.0013 0.0113 0.0218 0.0251* Polley. 1972

0.0019 0.0077 0.0210 0.0235* Polley. 1972

0.0019 0.0080 0.0234 0.0283* Polley. 1972TABLE 3-3 (cont.)

_,

..0

<£)

0

> Strain Sex Wetght Wetght at Subchron1c TWA Chronic TWA Reference

at Birth Weaning Body Weight Body Weight

B6C3Fl F 0.0014 0.0093 0.0246 0.0353 Poiley. 1972;

Cameron et al .• 1985

B6C3FI M 0.0014 0.0103 0.0316 0.0373 Polley. 1972;

Cameron et al .• 1985

CBA/JCr F 0.0026 0.0106 0.0231 0.0277* Polley. 1972

CBA/JCr M 0.0030 0. 0113 0.0263 0.0342* Poiley. 1972

CBFl F 0.0030 0.0105 0.0218 0.0251* Poi ley. 1972

t.)

I **~** CBFl M 0.0030 0.0112 0.0254 0.0324* Polley. 1972

Cr:GP(S).Swiss F 0.0019 0.0096 0.0246 0.0308* Poi ley. 1972

Cr :GP( S). Swiss M 0.0019 0.0107 0.0270 0.0356* Poiley. 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) F 0.0016 0.0091 0.0222 0 .0259* Poiley. 1972

Cr:MGAPS(SW) M 0.0018 0.0092 0.0246 0.0308* Poiley. 1972

C3HF/HeCr F 0.0019 0.0106 0. 0181 0.0176* Poi ley. 1972

C3HF/HeCr M 0.0020 0.0121 0.0205 0.0224* Poiley. 1972

C3H/HeCr F 0.0015 0.0079 0.0255 0.0326* Poiley. 1972

0 **~** C3H/HeCr M 0.0015 0.0109 0.0267 0.0350* Poi ley. 1972

0

N

....... CD

-.1TABLE 3-3 (cont.)

.....

1.0

1.0

0

)> Straln Sex Weight Weight at Subchronic TWA Chronic TWA Reference

at Birth Weaning Body Weight Body Weight

C57B1/10ScCr F 0.0014 0.0119 0.0233 0.0281* Polley, 1972

C57Bl/10ScCr M 0.0014 0.0122 0.02{)9 0.0354* Poiley, 1972

C57B1/6Cr F 0.0014 0.0082 0.0198 0.0210* Poi ley, 1972

C57B1/6Cr M 0.0015 0.0094 0.0220 0.0255* Poiley, 1972

C57l/Cr F 0.0017 0.0095 0.0190 0.0194* Polley, 1972

C57l/Cr M 0.0018 0.0103 0.0207 0.0229* Poi ley. 1972

c..,)

I

':. DBA/2Cr f 0. 0014 0.0095 0.0214 0.0243* Poiley, 1972

DBA/2Cr M 0.0015 0.0097 0.0225 0.0265* Poi ley, 1972

D2AKfl F 0.0017 0.0075 0.0209 0.0233* Polley, 1972

02AKFl M 0.001{) 0.0080 0.0240 0.0295* Polley, 1972

NZB/Cr F 0.0015 0.0103 0.0255 0.032{)* Poi ley, 1972

NZB/Cr M 0.0015 0.0113 0.028{) 0.0389* Poiley, 1972

NZW/Cr f 0.0020 0.0109 0.0255 0.032{)* Poiley. 1972

NZW/Cr M 0.0021 o. 0115 0.0285 0.0387* Polley, 1972

0 **~** PRI/PlCr F 0.0015 0.0148 0.0284 0.0385* Polley, 1972

0

N

' co """'TABLE 3-3 {cont.)

-'

1.0

1.0

0

> Straln Sex We1ght Weight at Subc.:hronic TWA Chronic TWA Reference

at B1rth Weaning Body Weight Body Weight

PRIIP1Cr H 0.0015 0.0158 0.0302 0.0421* Po1ley. 1972

SJl/JCr F 0.0018 0.0116 0.0206 0 .0227* Po11ey, 1972

SJl/JCr H 0.0017 0.0120 0.0243 0.0302* Poi ley, 1972

SH/JCr F 0. 0017 0.0088 0.0165 0.0143* Polley, 1972

SH/JCr H 0.0016 0.0100 0.0182 0.0178* Poi ley, 1972

w Various Inbred F 0.0102 0.0220 0.0255* NAS, 1978

I

I.T1

I.T1 Various Inbred H 0. 0110 0.0240 0 .0295* NAS, 1978

ZWZBFl F 0.0027 0.0067 0.0235 0.0285* Polley, 1972

ZWZBFl H 0.0027 0.0078 0.0333 0.0484* Poi ley, 1972

*Reconvnended chronic body weights **basc.~d** on the equation, BWch =- -0.019+2.03 BWsub, where BWch is the

0

1.0

' 0 N

' <XI ....J reconvnended chronic body and BWsub is the reconunended subchronic body we1ght.

# 0.04~ 

# J



# 0.04 

# • 

# I.

t 

# •

•

0.035 

# I

0.03



# ¥

I**0.0~**



# n 

# ! 0.02

0.015

0.01

51"'3



# 0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5

A;! 

# IH YIAIS

FIGURE 3-17



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male B6C3Fl M1ce

[Data from Po11ey (1972) and Cameron et al. (1985)]

1990A 3-56 09/02/87

# 0.045



# • • •

0.04 

# •

0.03S



# r •

0.03



# v

I 

# 0.025 

# •

n 

# •

f 0.02 

# • • 

# • •

0.01!5

0.01



# 51"'3



# 0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5**~~** 

# IH YIAIS



# FIGURE 3-18

Recommended Growth Curve for Female B&C3Fl M1ce

[Data from Po1ley {1972) and Cameron et al. (1985)]

1990A 3-57 09/02/87

# In both of these ngures and 1n the ca1cu1at1on of recommended body we,ghts.

the 'o1ley (1972) 

# data for B6C3fl m1ce at day 42 

# and follow1ng are om\tted.

These data are om\tted because body we1ghts at day 42 1n Po11ey {1972) are

substant1ally h1gher for both sexes than body we1ghts at 

# day 42 

# \n the



# publ\cat\on by Cameron et 

# al. (1985). And the latter study 1s g1ven

preference because of the far greater numbers of an1ma1s used 

# to est1mate

the**~y** 

# we1ght.

Recommended subchron1c body we\ghts also are prov\ded 1n Table 3-3 

# and

are calculated d1rectly from the Po1ley (HJ72) 

# data and from composHe

growth data on var1ous stra1ns of inbred m1ce reported by NAS (1978). Data

are not ava1lable to d\rectly calculate recommended chron1c body we,ghts for

any of 

# these other stra1ns of m1ce.

Chronic body we,ghts could be est 1mated by assum1ng that the rat1o of

chron1c to subchron\c body weights 1s the same as that observed 1n male and

female B6C3fl m1ce. In 

# the growth data on rats. summarhed 1n Sect\on

3.2.2., 

# substant1a1 var1at,on 1s apparent 1n the rat\os of recommended

chron\c to subchron1c body wetghts among male and female Sprague-Dawley and

fischer rats, as well as male W1star rats. In 

# addH1on. th1s var1at1on

seems 11kely to occur among stra1ns of m1ce.

As 

# an alternat1ve to that approach, recommended cnron1c body we1ghts for

m1ce and rats were est\mated from the observed re1at1onsh,p between subchronic and chron1c body we1ghts for 86C3Fl 

# m1ce and the stra1ns of rats

specH1ed above. Thh relat1onsh1p and assoc1ated summary statht\cs are

g1ven 1n Figure 3-19. 

# From th1s relat1onsh1p. the recommended chron1c body

we\ghts are based on the equal1on:

BWch 

# = -0.019 + 

# 2.03BWsub (3-2)



# where BWch 1s the recommended chron\c body we1ght and BWsub 1s 

# the recommended subchron1c body we1ght.

1990A 

# 3-58 

# 09/02/67

# o.s

0.4

0.2

0.1



# l990A b;ression or**~3:>** 

# on 

# ..r;no

.. .. 

# . .**~** 

# .. "



# ........ "



# ... "



# ........ "



# ............**~** 

# ............. '



# ...................................... ..

. . . ..



# .. .. 

# .

..



# . . . 

# . : : : 

# : 

# .

. . . .

. "



# . .

. .. 

# .. 

# .

. "



# .. 

# .

. .. 

# .. 

# .

.. 

# . .. 

# .

.......... ,._ 

# ...............................**"'"~** 

# ...................**~** 

# .......... " "



# .. 

# -.

. . .



# . . .



# . . .

. . .



# . . .



# . . .



# . . .

. 

# . .



# . . .

. 

# . .



# . . .

. .. "



# ...... "



# .. 

# ·:

.... " "



# ..........**~** 

# ..... "



# ...... ..



# . .



# . .

. 

# .

. .



# . .



# . .



# . .



# . .



# . .

. .



# ...........................................



# . . .. .............. !

.................. -:.·

..... "

........... !

.............. .



# . 

# . .



# . . .

. 

# . .

. . .



# . 

# . .



# . . .



# . . .

. . 

# .

. 

# . .



# . 

# . .

................ ·=·

.................... :

................... ·=· "

............... :

................ ...

.. 

# .. 

# . .

.. .. 

# . 

# .

. . 

# .

..



# .. .. 

# .. ..

.. 

# . .. 

# .

.. .. 

# .. 

# .

.. .. 

# .. 

# .

. 

# . .

FIGURE 3-19



# Relat1onsh1p of "Subchron1c" to "Chron1c" T1me-We1ghted Average Body We1ghts for M1ce and Rats

(See text for def1n1t1on and d1scuss1on of terms)

3-59 09/02/87

# This approach assumes that the ratio of subchronic to chronic body

weights will generally be the same for males and females. Male 86C3Fl

mice, however, exhibit a marked plateau in growth (see Figure 3-17) not seen

in female mice (see Figure 3-18). A similar pattern is seen in human males

(see Figure 3-5) and females (see Figure 3-6) as well as in other species,

as discussed in subsequent sectlons. This fact suggests that sex-specific

body weight estimates may be more appropriate than the general approach

given above. Given the small number of available sex-specific strain

comparisons, however, a clear pattern is not apparent.

Since toxicity studies commonly give initial or weanling weights without

giving final or average body weights, the relationship of weanling weight to

recommended subchronic weight was examined. This relationship is illustrated in Figure 3-20 for rats and mice combined. The high correlation

coefficient is due to the clustering of the rat and mouse data. Within

either species, the correlation is poor. Consequently, the use of weanling

weight to estimate recommended body weights is not proposed.

Recommended body weights for mice, when the strain is not specified or

when recommended weights are not ava1lable on the spec\fied strain, should

be based on the recommended weights for male and female B6C3Fl mice. These

weights are the best documented and are near the average for all mice

strains combined.

3.2.2. Rats. The U.S. EPA (1980) has recommended a reference body weight

of 0.35 kg for adult rats. Other reported reference values are 0.45 (ARS

Sprague-Oawley, 1974), 0.25 (Boxenbaum, 1983) and 0.40 kg (lehman, 1959).

As with mice, a substantial amount of information is avanable on the

growth of rats. These data are summarized in Table 3-4 and plotted in

Figure 3-21. Body weights of rats seem to vary more than those of mice.

1990A 3-60 09/02/87

# 1990A 0.1

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FIGURE 3-20



# Relat1onsh1p of Body Welght at Weanlng to Recommended

Subchronlc Body Welght for Varlous Stra1ns of Mlce and Rats

3-61 

# 09/02/87TABLE3-4GrowthandBodyWeightDataonRats....J..0..0c>SpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceAnimals(days)(kg)ACP9935/Crfemale2010.005102.25E-008Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale2170.010308.5&E-007Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale23140.019903.&lE-00&Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale31210.033003.90E-OO&Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale31280.044&01.&2E-005Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale24420.087701.40E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale255&0.124902.22E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale21700.137801.24E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale27840.1&3801.37E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale211120.181201.7&E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale241400.213302.&9E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crfemale211&80.253102.17F-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale2010.005201.5&E-008Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale2470.011901.lOE-00&Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale2&140.021204.&2E-OO&Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale20210.034103.&1E-OO&Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale32280.04&402.92E-005Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale24420.091007.92E-005Polley,1972Ia-ACP9935/Crmale255&0.127901.81E-004Polley,19721'\:1ACP9935/Crmale23700.188003.11E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale21840.230704.00E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale2&1120.258701.40E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale271400.288101.70E-004Polley,1972ACP9935/Crmale251&80.309702.34E-004Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale2810.005302.50E-009Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale2870.009303.03E-007Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale28140.021808.10E-007Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale28210.034201.&3E-00&Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale28280.048302.2&E-007Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale28420.091801.85E-005Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale285&0.127301.llE-004Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale28700.143907.92E-005Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale28840.1&5307.98E-OO&Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale271120.191105.44E-005Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale271400.209005.85E-005Polley,1972ACl9935/Crfemale271&80.248309.03E-005Polley,1972ACl9935/Crmale3210.00540&.25E-010Polley,1972cACl9935/Crmale3270.010705.2&E-007Polley,1972..0ACl9935/Crmale32140.023501.41E-007Polley,1972'cACl9935/Crmale32210.035701.lOE-00&Polley,19721'\:1ACl9935/Crmale32280.04930&.OlE-007Polley,1972'(X)ACl9935/Crmale32420.095105.04E-005Polley,1972_,TABLE3-4(cont.)_,I.DSpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWe,ghtVarianceReferenceI.DAnl111c1ls(days)(kg)0>ACl9935/Crmale32560.130701.13E-004Poney,1972ACl9935/Crmale31700.195904.61E-004Polley,1972ACl9935/Crmale31840.233804.68E-004Polley,1972ACl9935/Crmale291120.267103.75E-005Polley,1972ACl9935/Crmale291400.289202.30E-005Po,ley,1972ACl9935/Crmale291680.308808.06E-005Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale3510.007101.60E-007Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale3570.018002.26E-007Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale35140.030301.96E-006Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale35210.053502.53E-005Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale25280.079804.36E-005Pol1ey,1972ALBANY/Crfemale31420.121407.29[-006Pol1ey,1972ALBANY/Crfemale45560.112602.06E-004Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale36700.209302.73E-004Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale29840.241301.93E-004Potley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale361120.246801.33E-004Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale311400.257401.27E-005Polley,1972ALBANY/Crfemale281680.264206.32E-005Polley,1972(,:)ALBANY/Crmale3510.007209.00E-008Polley,1972ICf'ALBANY/Crmale3510.019101.41E-007Polley,1972(,:)ALBANY/Crmale35140.032702.25[-006Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale35210.055302.05E-005Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale35280.081605.04E-005Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale28420.158008.88E-005Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale25560.196801.43E-004Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale35700.269503.14E-004Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale37840.332001.89E-004Poney,1972ALBANY/Crmale431120.359801.29E-004Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale291400.385701.08E-004Polley,1972ALBANY/Crmale321680.396907.61E-005Polley,1972August28807/Crfemale3410.005905.26E-007Polley,1972August28807/Crfemale3710.012506.38E-006Polley,1972August28807/Crfemale43140.027001.04E-005Polley,1972August28807/Crfemale32210.040402.86E-005Polley,1972August28807/Crfemale31280.063907.92E-005Polley,1972August28807/Crfemale28420.112009.65E-005Polley,1972August28807/Crfemale28560.128902.68E-005Po1ley,1972August28807/Crfemale24100.151201.07E-004Polley,19720August28807/Crfemale26840.162806.40E-005Polley,1972t.DAugust28807/Crfemale281120.188005.85E-005Polley,1972'0August28807/Crfemale241400.198603.60E-005Polley,1972I'\)August28807/Crfemale281680.20680Polley,1972'CDAugust28807/Crfemale251960.228205.llE-005Polley,1972-.JTABLE 3-4 (cont.)

.....

**~** Spec1es Sex No. of Age We1ght Var1ance Reference

:.lP **~** An1111clls (days) (kg)

:> August 28807/Cr lllclle 35 1 0.00&10 4.90E-007 Po1ley, 1912

August 28807/Cr lllclle 33 1 0.01380 4.52E-OO& Po11ey. 1912

August 28807/Cr lllclle 32 14 0.028&0 1. 50E-005 Po11ey, 1972

August 28807/Cr lllclle 32 21 0.042&0 2.92E-005 Po11ey, 1972

August 28807/Cr lllclle 25 28 0.0&170 4.&9E -005 Po11ey, 1972

August 28807/Cr lllclle 21 42 0.13260 1.19E -004 Po11ey, 1912

August 28807/Cr male 28 5& 0.19150 1.30E-004 Po11ey, 1912

August 28807/Cr male 25 70 0.23&50 2.89E-004 Po11ey, 1912

August 28807/Cr male 24 84 0.2&540 4.31E-004 Po11ey, 1972

August 28807/Cr male 22 112 0.30040 2.&&E-004 Po1 ley, 1972

August 28807/Cr male 21 140 0.32&20 1.58E-004 Po11ey, 1912

August 28807/Cr male 23 1&8 0.34010 2 .19E -004 Po11ey, 1972

August 28807/Cr male 25 19& 0.3&440 2 .73E -005 Po11ey, 1972

Bald female 8 30 0.05000 NS Jnazu et al., 1984

Bald female 8 91 0.22000 NS Jnazu et al., 1984

Bald female 8 183 0.26000 NS Jnazu et al., 1984

Bald female 8 365 0.28000 NS Inazu et al., 1984

(,.:) Bald male 8 30 0.06000 NS lnazu et al., 1984

I Bald male 8 91 0.29000 NS Inazu et al., 1984

<:ro Bald male 8 183 0.31000 NS Inazu et al., 1984

.p Bald male 8 365 0.39000 NS lnazu et al., 1984

BHE female 27 50 0.1&900 3.60E-005 NAS, 1971

BHE felllclle 38 100 0.24000 2.50£-005 NAS, 1971

BHE female 45 300 0.31900 2.50E-005 NAS, 1971

BHE male 29 50 0.23200 3.&0E -005 NAS, 1971

BHE male 37 100 0.3&400 2. 50E -005 NAS, 1971

BHE male 45 300 0.49900 2.50E-005 NAS, 1971

Black female 1 1 0.00400 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 3 0.00600 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 5 0.00800 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 1 0.00900 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 9 0.01100 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 11 0.01200 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 13 0.01300 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 15 0.01500 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 17 0.01100 NS Worden, 1947

Black female 1 19 0.02000 NS Worden, 1947

0 Black felllclle 1 21 0.02300 NS Worden, 1947

lD

' Black female 1 23 0.02600 NS Worden, 1947

0 Black female 1 25 0.02800 NS Worden, 1947

1'\)

' Black female 1 21 0.03000 NS Worden, 1947

CD Black female 1 29 0.03100 NS Worden, 1947

....,jTABLE3-4(cont.J.....1.0Spec\esSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference1.00An1mals(days)(kg)>Blackfemale1310.03300NSWorden,1947Blackfemale1330.03600NSWorden,1947Blackfemale1350.03700NSWorden,1947Blackfemale1650.10800NSWorden,1947Blackfemale19()0.11000NSWorden,1947Blackfemale11260.19000NSWorden,1947Blackfemale11570.19&00NSWorden,1947Blackfemale11880.19300NSWorden,1947Blackfemale12470.19300NSWorden,1947Blackfemale13080.19700NSWorden,1947Blackfemale13380.19700NSWorden,1947Blackfemale131)90.19700NSWorden,1947Blackmale110.00500NSWorden,1947Blackmale130.00700NSWorden,1947Blackmale150.00900NSWorden,1947Blackmale110.01100NSWorden,1947Blackmale190.01400NSWorden,1947Blackmale1110.01800NSWorden,1947""Blackmale1130.02000NSWorden,1947IBlackmale1150.024:'00NSWorden,1947Q'lBlackmale1170.0?300NSWorden,1947I.J"'Blackmale1190.02500NSWorden,1947Blackmale1210.02&00NSWorden,1947Blackmale1230.01'800NSWorden,1947Blackmale1250.02900NSWorden,1947Blackmale1270.03100NSWorden,1947Blackmale11'90.03300NSWorden,1947Blackmale1310.03600NSWorden,1947Blackmale1330.04000NSWorden,1947Blackmale1650.12000NSWorden,1947Blackmale1960.19000NSWorden,1947Blackmale11260.20100NSWorden,1947Blackmale11570.1'0800NSWorden,1947Blackmale11880.20200NSWorden,1947Blackmale121()0.1'0000NSWorden,1947Blackmale11'470.20400NSWorden,1947Blackmale13690.21100NSWorden,1947BN/Crfemale1'910.00610S.UE-007Po11ey,1972BN/Crfemale1'710.011'80&.25E-00tlPo11ey,19720BN/Crfemale2()140.01'8001.81E-OOSPo11ey,19721.0'BN/Crfemale21210.043703.16E-OOSPo1ley,1971'0BN/Crfemale45280.0&2005.2&E-005Po1ley,1972N'BN/Crfemale29420.096805.81E-005Po1ley,1972(I)BN/Crfemale34560.1281)09.OI'E-005Po1ley,1972.....TABLE3-4(cont.)--·....J100Spec1esSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtYar1anceReference1000Anhaals(days)(kg)>BN/Crfemale29700.15210l.32E-004Polley.1972BN/Crfemale35840.167306.81E-005Polley,1972BN/Crfemale251120.179109.03E-005Polley,1972BN/Crfemale241400.187601.38E-004Polley,1972BN/Crfemale241680.206801.16E-004Polley,1972BN/Crmale3010.006205.63E-007Polley,1972BN/Crmale2910.013906.89E-006Polley,1972BN/Crmale27140.029002.14E-005Polley,1972BN/Crmale25210.044803.02E-005Po1ley,1972BN/Crmale43280.067301.16E-004Po1ley,1972BN/Crmale29420.124201.63E-004Polley.1972BN/Crmale38560.193401.35E-004Polley,1972BN/Crmale34700.247406.89E-004Po1ley,1972BN/Crmale33840.264405.18E-004Po1ley,1972BN/Crmale261120.304005.29E-004Polley,1972BN/Crmale251400.321702.lOE-004Po11ey,1972BN/Crmale251680.341104.10E-004Polley,1972c,.)BUFFALO/Crfemale3510.005501.56E-008Polley,1972IBUFFALO/Crfemale3510.012101.06E-007Polley,1972C1"BUFFALO/Crfemale35140.022405.88E-006Polley,1972C1"BUFFALO/Crfemale35210.027808.41E-006Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale35280.059406.12E-005Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale29420.119708.51E-005Po1ley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale28560.152001.51E-004Po1ley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale36700.118602.12E-004Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale39840.226901.54E-004Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale381120.237701.40E-004Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale321400.246401.61E-004Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crfemale351680.252101.36E-004Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale3510.006401.56E-008Po11ey,1972BUFFALO/Crmale3510.013309.00E-008Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale35140.026203.61E-006Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale35210.044803.51E-005Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale35280.074306.B9E-005Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale24420.139405.08E-005Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale22560.191101.54E-004Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale30700.253101.63E-004Po\ley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale26840.328904.30E-004Polley,1972BUFFALO/Crmale311120.333802.21E-004Polley,19720BUFFALO/Crmale301400.374403.62E-004Po11ey,19721.0BUFFALO/Crmale301680.388602.72E-004Polley,1972......01'\)......Q)....,JTABLE3-4(cont.)1.01.0Spec1esSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference0An1mals(days)(kg)>Copenhagen/Crfemale2510.005705.62E-009Po1ley,1912Copenhagen/Crfemale2510.012908.56[-007Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/CrFemale25140.024406.81E-007Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale25210.026604.52[-006Polley,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale25280.048502.48E-005Polley,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale25420.094501.06E-004Polley,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale26560.159408.60E-005Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale21700.178905.08E-005Po11ey,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale28840.185704.94E-005Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale251120.199807.48E-005Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crfemale241400.226601.62[-004Po1ley,1972Copenhayen/Crfemale261680.233309.26E-005Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale2510.005805.62E-009Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale2510.014101.05E-006Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale25140.027201.38E-006Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale25210.030703.52E-006Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale25280.055001.14E-005Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale25420.104708.10E-005Po1ley,1972(,..,)Copenhagen/Crmale24560.203801.70E-004Polley,1972ICopenhagen/Crmale25700.240001.40E-004Po1ley,1972a"-.JCopenhagen/Crmale26840.269602.14E-005Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale271120.283001.18E-004Po1ley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale311400.310001.36(-004Polley,1972Copenhagen/Crmale261680.334607.01E-005Polley,1972Cpb:WUmale13650.62800NSHaasetal.,1985Cpb:WUmale14560.65600NSHaasetal.,1985Cpb:WUmale14560.65600NSHaaselal.,1985Cr:MGAPS(Oii!)female2110.005802.76E-007Po1ley,1972Cr:MGAPS(Oii!)female2110.010901.56E-006Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)female21140.033201.23E-005Po1ley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)female21210.048403.75[-005Po11ey,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM}female21280.063904.26E-005Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM}female20420.113702.63[-005Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)female20560.175202.72[-004Po1ley,1912Cr:MGAPS(OM)female20700.215505.12E-004Po1ley,1912Cr:MGAPS(OM)female20840.258004.36E-004Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)female201120.283803.95E-004Po1ley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM}female201400.299103.85E-004Polley,19720Cr:MGAPS(OM)male2110.006104.22E-007Polley,19721.0'Cr:MGAPS(OM)male2110.011601.56E-006Polley,19720......,Cr:MGAPS(OM)male21140.035401.41E-005Polley,1972'Cr:MGAPS(OM)male21210.055109.00E-006Po1ley,1972(Xl-.JCr:MGAPS(OM)male21280.079107.23E-005Polley,1972TABLE3-4(cont.).....1.0SexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference1.0Species0Animals(days)(kg)>Cr:MGAPS(OM)male20420.143505.44E-005Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)male20560.236705.01E-004Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)male20700.281204.lOE-004Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)male20840.327404.36E-004Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)male201120.392807.16E-004Polley,1972Cr:MGAPS(OM)male201400.46190l.14E-003Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female4910.006502.26E-007Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female5170.016001.09F-OOSPolley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female46140.040802.03(-005Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female43210.055602.03E-005Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female44280.094902.l8E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female49420.153403.42E-005Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female54560.202001.94E-005Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female47700.239101.46E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female57840.246601.68E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female381120.259901.28E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)female421400.281201.03E-004Polley,1972(..)Cr:RAR(SD)female401680.288404.36E-005Polley,1972ICr:RAR(SD)female331960.291804.16E-005Polley,1972(j'l(X)Cr:RAR(SD)male5410.006702.50E-007Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male4670.018202.81E-006Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male56140.043005.8lE-005Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male47210.059407.98(-006Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male47280.09890l.13E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male55420.162303.00(-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male48560.235701.78E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male41700.292702.32E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male53840.358702.88E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male491120.388003.48E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male371400.43940l.9lE-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male451680.452001.31E-004Polley,1972Cr:RAR(SD)male311960.491202.07E-004Polley,1972FischerF344female3167420.07500NSCameronetal.,1985FischerF344female3167560.10000NSCameronetal.,1985FischerF344female3167700.12000NSCameronetal.,1985FlscherF344female3167170.14500NSCameronetal.,1985FischerF344female3167910.16500NSCameronetal.,1985FischerF344female31671190.18500NSCameronetal.,19850FischerF344female31671470.19000NSCameronetal.,19851.0'FhcherF344female31672170.21500NSCameronetal.,19850FlscherF344female31673150.22500NSCameronetal.,19851'\,)'FlscherF344female31675670.28000NSCameronetal.,1985(X)FischerF344female31677700.30500NSCameronetal.,1985-.JTABLE3-4(cont.)......IDSpech!sSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceID0Animals(days)(kg)>FischerF344female31677700.30500NSCameronetal.,1985FischerF344female31677100.30500NSCameronetal.,1985FischerF344female20170.14610NSDoratoetal.,1983FischerF344female19910.157902.02E-004Ooratoeta1.,1983FlscherF344female191120.16670NSDoratoeta1.,1983FischerF344female191610.18000NSDoratoetal.,1983FischerF344female191960.19080NSDoratoetal.,1983FischerF344female192380.19400NSOoratoetal.,1983FischerF344female192800.20140NSDoratoetal.•1983FischerF344female193220.20690NSDoratoetal.,1983FischerF344female1201020.166952.33[-006"orrlsseyandNorred,1984FlscherF344femaleNS280.04400NSNAS,1978FhcherF344femaleNS350.06500NSNAS,1978FischerF344femaleNS560.12300NSNAS,1978FischerF344femaleNS700.14500NSNAS,1978FischerF344femaleNS840.16200NSNAS,1978FischerF344female529490.12000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FIscherF344.female5291190.18000NSSolleveldetal.•1984eNFlscherF344female5291890.20500NSSolleveldetal.,1984IFlscherF344female5292590.21000NSSolleveldetal.,19840"FIscherF344female5293290.23500NSSolleveldeta1.,1984IDFlscherF344female5293990.26500NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344female5294690.28000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344female5295390.31000NSSolleveldetal••1984FlscherF344female5296090.32500NSSolleveldetal.,1984FIscherF344female5296790.33000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FischerF344female5297490.33000NSSolleveldetal.•1984FischerF344female5298190.32500NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344female5298890.32000NSSolleveldeta1.,1984FIscherF344female5299590.31000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344female52910290.28500NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male3225420.07500NSCameronetal.,1985FlscherF344male3225560.12500NSCameronetal.,1985FlscherF344male3225770.18000NSCameronetal.,1985FIscherF344male3225910.23000NSCameronetal.,1985FIscherF344male32251120.26000NSCameronetal.•1985FIscherF344male32251330.29000NSCameronetal.,1985FIscherF344male32251400.31000NSCameronetal.,1985FlscherF344male32251470.32500NSCameronetal.,1985FIscherF344male32252170.35500NSCameronetal.,19850FischerF344male32252590.38000NSCameronetal.,1985IDFischerF344male32253430.41000NSCameronetal.,1985'0FischerF344male32254270.41500NSCameronetal.•1985!'\.)'FischerF344male32255250.42000NSCameronetal.,1985Q)FlscherF344male32256020.42000NSCameronetal.•1985_,TABLE3-4(cont.)IDSpec1esSexNo.ofAgeWelghtVarlanceReference\D0Anlmals(days)(kg)>FlscherF344male3225&930.42500NSCameronetal.,1985FlscherF344male32257700.41000NSCameronetal.,1985FlscherF344male20170.21840NSOoratoetal.,1983F1scherF344male20910.24850NSOoratoetal.,1983FlscherF344male201120.27980NSDoratoetal.,1983F1scherF344male201&10.31780NSDoratoetal.,1983F 1scherF344male2019&0.34280NSDoratoetal.,1983FlscherF344male202380.3&&30NSOoratoetal.,1983FlscherF344male202800.38880NSDoratoetal.,1983FlscherF344male203220.40950NSDoratoetal.,1983F 1scherF344maleNS280.05300NSNAS,1978FlscherF344maleNS350.08000NSNAS,1978FlscherF344maleNS5&0.1&000NSNAS,1978FlscherF344maleNS700.21300NSNAS,1978FlscherF344maleNS840.25&00NSNAS,1978FlscherF344male529490.13000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male5291190.31000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male5291890.35500NSSolleveldetal.,1984(,..)FlscherF344male5292590.38500NSSolleveldetal.,1984IFlscherF344male5293290.42000NSSolleveldetal.,1984-..JFlscherF344male5293990.42500NSSolleveldetal.,19840FlscherF344male5294&90.4&000NSSolleveldetal.,1984F1scherF344male5295390.47000NSSolleveldetal.,1984F 1scherF344male529&090.4&000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male529&790.4&800NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male5297490.43500NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male5298190.42500NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male5298890.39000NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male5299590.34500NSSolleveldetal.,1984FlscherF344male10320.072001.94E-005T1llereyandLehnert,198&F 1scherF344male10370.095701.23E-005TlllereyandLehnert,198&FlscherF344male10550.1&7&03.48E-005TlllereyandLehnert,198&FlscherF344male10590.1&8101.&8E-005TlllereyandLehnert,198&FlscherF344male10740.201&02.30E-005TlllereyandLehnert,198&FlscherF344male20980.271702.13E-004TlllereyandLehnert,198&FlscherF344male1012&0.304502.10E-004TlllereyandLehnert,198&F 1scherF344male201350.303101.37E-004TlllereyandLehnert,198&Flscher334/Crfemale&810.005503.31E-007Polley,1972Flscher334/Crfemale4570.01130l.lOE-00&Polley,19720Flscher334/Crfemale45140.020104.52E-00&Polley,1972ID'.......Flscher334/Crfemale&1210.029901.70E-005Polley,19720Flscher334/Crfemale58280.047701.&4E-005Polley,1972N.......Flscher334/Crfemale&0420.08&301.47E-004Polley,1972Cl)Flscher334/Crfemale585&0.125501.&3E-004Polley,1972-..JTABLE3-4(cont.).....1.0Spec\esSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference1.00An\mals(days)(kg)>F1scher334/Crfemale46700.148302.05E-004Po11ey,1972Fhcher334/Crfemale42840.153102.48E-004Po1ley,1972Fhcher334/Crfemale661120.180508.10E-005Po\ley,1972Flscher334/Crfemale541400.215003.60E-005Polley,1972Flscher334/Crfemale541&80.218907.66E-005Po\ley,1972Flscher334/Crmale7510.005901.21E-006Polley,1972F1scher334/Crmale4870.01200l.OOE-006Po1ley,1972F1scher334/Crmale38140.026301.23E-005Po11ey,1972F1scher334/Crmale52210.030701.41E-005Potley,1972F1scher334/Crmale49280.054204.90(-005Polley,1972Fhcher334/Crmale48420.105101.17E-004Po11ey,1972Flscher334/Crmale&65&0.181101.82E-004Polley,1972Flscher334/Crmale56700.244505.b4E-004Po11ey,1912F1scher334/Crmale4&840.205901.91E-004Po11ey,1972Fhcher334/Crmale6&1120.304204.90E-005Polley,1972Flscher334/Crmale531400.313009.03E-005Polley,1972Flscher334/Crmale561680.335402.89E-004Polley,1972(...)F334/CrlloYfemale10910.145007.29E-004Kauderly,1986IF334/CrlloYfemale101830.199002.5&E-004,.auderly,1986-.IF334/CrlLovfemale103&50.219003.24E-004,.auderly,1986-'F334/CrlloYfemale107300.255006.25E-004Kauder1y,1986f334/Crllovmale10910.291003.61E-004Kauderly,1986F334/Crllovmale101830.33&001.23E-003,.auderly,1986f334/CrlloYmale103&50.368004.84E-004Mauder1y,1986F334/Cr1Lovmale107300.407007.84E-004,.auderly,1986F334/CrlloYboth20910.182002.12E-003,.auderly,198&F334/Crllovboth201830.267005.18E-003,.auder1y,198&F334/CrlloYboth203650.293005.93E-003,.auder1y.1986f334/CrlloYboth207300.331006.56E-003,.auderly,198&Holtzmanfemale112000.224001.76E-005Harrlman,1969bHoltzmanfemale112000.224001.76E-005Harrlman,1969bLong-hansfemale2410.006105.26E-007Polley,1972Long-Evansfemale2410.013706.89E-006Po\ley,1972Long-Evansfemale24140.028607.29E-006Po11ey,1972Long-Evansfemale24210.038304.62E-005Polley,1972Long-Evansfemale24280.0&140&.05E-005Polley,1972Long-Evansfemale24420.126908.56E-006Polley,19720Long-Evansfemale24560.168701.76E-004Polley,19721.0'Long-Evansfemale24700.200505.43E-004Potley,19720Long-Evansfemale24840.238201.80E-004Po\ley,1972""'Long-Evansfemale241120.252803.54E-004Polley,1972CDLong-Evansfemale241400.262603.19E-004Polley,1972-.ITABLE3-4(cont.).....\A)SpedesSexNo.ofAgeWe\ghtVar\anceReference\A)0An\mals(days)(kg)>Long-Evansmale541820.41000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986Long-Evansmale543040.45000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986Long-Evansmale543350.47500NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale543650.50000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale543950.51000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale544260.51500NSHolloszyandSm1th,1986long-Evansmale544560.53000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale544870.54000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale545170.55000NSHolloszyandSm1th,1986Long-Evansmale545480.54500NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale545780.56000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale546080.57500NSHolloszyandSm1th,1986Long-Evansmale546390.57500NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986Long-Evansmale546690.58000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986Long-Evansmale547000.58500NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986Long-Evansmale547300.59000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale547600.59000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale547910.59500NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986(..JLong-Evansmale548210.60000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986lLong-Evansmale548520.59000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986.....,long-Evansmale548820.57500NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale549130.55000NSHolloszyandSm1th,1986Long-Evansmale549430.53500NSHo11oszyandSm1th,1986long-Evansmale549730.53500NSHolloszyandSm1th,1986long-Evansmale5410040.49500NSHolloszyandSm1th,1986long-Evansmale5410340.52000NSHo1loszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale5410650.51000NSHolloszyandSm1th,1986long-Evansmale5410950.48500NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evans.male5411250.50000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale5411560.48000NSHolloszyandSm\th,1986long-Evansmale2410.006606.01E-007Polley,1972long-Evansmale2470.014704.84E-006Polley,1972long-Evansmale24140.031401.62E-005Polley,1972long-Evansmale24210.040005.15E-005Po11ey,1972Long-Evansmale24280.072405.04E-005Polley,1972Long-Evansmale24420.151908.02E-003Po\ley,1972long-Evansmale24560.230404.19E-004Po\ley,1972long-Evansmale24100.296704.85E-004Po\ley,1972long-Evansmale24840.336602.58E-004Po\ley,1972Long-Evansmale241120.362103.07E-004Po\ley,19720Long-Evansmale241400.384303.53E-004Po\ley,1972\A)'0'a>.....,TABLE3-4(cont.).....SpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference0Animals(days)(kg)>Marshall520/Crfemale3010.00590li.OlE-007Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale21i70.014303.42E-001iPolley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale28140.023701.24E-005Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale27210.032801.21E-005Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale34280.054709.00E-001iPolley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale21i42O.ll5102.35E-005Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale21i51i0.124&05.48E-005Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale24700.154807.8BE-005Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale2784O.lliliBO1.02E-004Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale25ll20.209801.43E-004Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale241400.231502.05E-004Polley,1972Marshall520/Crfemale21illiB0.254&01.llE-004Polley,1972Marshall520/Crmale28lO.OOiiOO5.li3E-007Polley,1972Marshall520/Crmale21i70.01&304.20E-001iPolley,1972Marshall520/Crmale28140.02&001.l4E-005Polley,1972Marshall520/Crmale31210.040702.50E-005Polley,1972Marsha11520/Crmale2128O.Oiil905.01iE-OOiiPolley,1972Marsha11520/Crmale21i420.133504.1i2E-005Polley,1972Marshall520/Crmale21i51i0.192303.12E-004Polley,1972(,.)Marshall520/Crmale25700.24&002.lOE-004Polley,1972I......!Marshall520/Crmale24840.295&02.88E-004Polley,1972(,.)Marshall520/Crmale25ll20.330304.32E-004Polley,1972Marshall520/Crmale271400.3&9905.03E-004Polley,1972Marshall520/Crmale23lliB0.378803.71iE-004Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale2510.00580l.OOE-008Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale2570.01240l.OOE-008Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale25140.023&0l.23E-007Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale25210.027502.21iE-007Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale25280.04490l.28E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale25420.093&08.98E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale2551i0.149&07.70E-001iPolley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale2570O.lli0905.40E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale25840.172303.14E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale25ll20.194102.21E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale251400.202802.48E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrfemale25lliB0.221ili02.97E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrmale25l0.005802.50E-009Polley,1972NBR/PlCrmale2570.013107.51iE-008Polley,1972NBR/PlCrmale25140.025203.91E-007Polley,19720NBR/PlCrmale25210.028301.71iE-OOiiPolley,1972NBR/PlCrmale25280.04&201.54E-005Polley,1972......0NBR/PlCrmale25420.101805.08E-005Polley,19721'\,)NBR/PlCrmale2551i0.19520li.liBE-005Polley,1972......CXINBR/PlCrmale25700.220&0l.58E-005Polley,1972......!TABLE3-4(cont.)_,...c...cSpedesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference0>Animals(days)(kg)IBR/PlCrmale25840.248904.03E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrmale251120.279104.52E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrmale251400.291306.89E-005Polley,1972NBR/PlCrmale251680.315504.52E-005Polley,1972NSmaleIS210.03138NSRlosetal.,1906aNSmaleNS420.10157NSRlosetal.,198&aISmaleNS630.18182NSRlosetal.,1986aNSmale35910.237108.76E-004Rlosetal.,1986bISmale31910.249808.70E-004Rlosetal.,1986bNSNS8110.024002.12E-003FisherandMortola,1981NSNS640.014004.00E-006Mortola,1983NSNS420.00720l.OOE-008Mortola,1984Osborne-l'lendelfemale2410.006403.03[-007Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelfemale2470.015904.95E-006Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelfemale24140.049604.95[-006Polley,1972Osborne-Mendelfemale24210.052005.64£-006Polley.1972(..:IOsborne-l'lendelfemale24280.087906.12E-005Polley,1972IOsborne-l'lendelfemale26420.13950l.81E-005Polley,1972-..J..Osborne-Mendelfemale31560.189202.18E-004Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelfemale26700.235602.21E-004Polley,1972Osborne-Mendelfemale32840.259109.22E-005Polley.1972Osborne-Mendelfemale271120.274402.14E-004Polley,1972Osborne-l'lende1female261400.294508.79E-005Po11ey,1972Osborne-Mendelfemale251680.301104.22E-005Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelfemale311960.305406.44E-005Polley,1972Osborne-Mendelmale2410.006402.50E-007Polley.1972Osborne-l'lendelmale2470.011302.56E-006Po11ey,1972Osborne-l'lendelmale24140.051702.72E-006Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelmale24210.053006.13[-006Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelmale24280.094305.BlE-005Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelmale27420.15360l.41E-004Polley,1972Osborne-Mendelmale24560.229705.05E-004Polley,1972Osborne-Mendelmale25700.295504.55[-004Polley,1972Osborne-l'lendelmale26840.372902.62[-004Polley.1972Osborne-l'lendelmale281120.399305.76E-004Polley,1912Osborne-l'lendelmale261400.451302.1BE-004Po11ey,1972Osborne-l'lendelmale311680.476801.29E-004Polley,19720Osborne-Mendelmale241960.503501.l6E-004Polley,197?1.0'0""'Q:)-..JTABLE3-4(cont.)-'1.0Spec1esSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVar1anceReference1.00An1mals(days)(kg)>-SH/Crfemale4110.005504.90E-007Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale4170.011304.00E-006Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale48140.017308.85E-006Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale41210.040003.00E-005Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale46280.072003.08E-005Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale44420.110001.48E-004Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale45560.138009.41E-005Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale51700.157401.16E-004Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale57840.173601.39E-004Po1ley,1972SH/Crfemale481120.182201.95E-004Po1ley,1972SH/Crmale4210.006203.31E-007Po1ley,1972SH/Crmale4570.013906.76E-006Po1ley,1972SH/Crmale46140.021701.63E-006Po1ley,1972SH/Crmale47210.042402.89E-005Po1ley,1972SH/Crmale38280.077105.08E-005Po1ley,1972SH/Crmale47420.125501.80E-004Po1ley,1972SH/Crmale47560.185501.23E-004Po11ey,1972SH/Crmale46700.239802.12E-004Po11ey,1972""'SH/Crmale55840.262503.07E-004Po11ey,1972ISH/Crmale501120.293403.23E-004Po11ey,1972-.JV'lSprague-DawleyfemaleNS210.04400NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleyfemaleNS280.06400NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleyfemaleNS350.10000NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleyfemaleNS560.18500NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleyfemaleNS700.21000NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleyfemaleNS840.23000NSNAS,1978Sprague-Dawleyfemale21210.05500NSPondetal.,1985Sprague-Dawleyfemale21490.17500NSPondetal.,1985Sprague-Dawleyfemale21770.22500NSPondetal.,1985Sprague-Dawleyfemale211050.25000NSPondetal.,1985Sprague-Dawleyfemale211260.27500NSPondetal.,1985Sprague-Dawleyfemale211470.29000NSPondetal.,1985Sprague-DawleymaleNS210.04600NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleymaleNS280.07500NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleymaleNS350.12000NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleymaleNS560.23600NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleymaleNS700.30200NSNAS,1978Sprague-DawleymaleNS840.36500NSNAS,1978Sprague-Dawleymale21210.05500NSPondetal.,19850Sprague-Dawleymale21490.21600NSPondetal.,19851.0'Sprague-Dawleymale21770.31000NSPondetal.,19850Sprague-Dawleymale211050.40000NSPondetal.,1985I\)'Sprague-Dawleymale211260.42500NSPondetal.,1985ccSprague-Dawleymale211470.46000NSPondetal.,1985-.JTABLE 3-4 (cont.)

..... I.D Spedes Sex No. of Age Weight

I.D Var lance Reference

0 Animals (days) (kg)

> Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 26 1 0.00630 3.03E -007 Polley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 21 1 0.01640 7.56E-006 Potley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 22 14 0.05200 4.13E-006 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 25 21 0.05560 1.56E-006 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 20 28 0.09530 6.81E-005 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 24 42 0.15530 2.26E-005 Potley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 28 56 0.19010 8.28E-005 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 28 10 0.23670 2.51E-004 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 20 84 0.24460 l.O&E-005 Potley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 20 112 0.25900 5.29E-005 Potley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 20 140 0.28030 9.70E-005 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 20 168 0.28680 7.70E-005 Po1 ley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr female 20 196 0.28950 3.66E-005 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 20 1 0.00670 2.50E-007 Po11ey, 1972

Sprague-Daw1ey/MCr male 21 1 0.01800 3.52E-006 Potley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 28 14 0.05300 l.OOE -006 Polley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 26 21 0.05700 1.89E-006 Poney, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 23 28 0.09850 7.92E-005 Polley, 1972

c,.) Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 26 42 0.16680 3.20E-004 Polley, 1972

I Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 22 56 0.23260 2 .64E-004 Polley, 1972

-..J Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 24 10 0.29650 2.44E -004 Po1 ley, 1972

a> Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 22 84 0.36860 3.60E-004 Potley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 20 112 0.38490 4.70E-004 Polley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 20 140 0.44030 3.19E-004 Polley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 20 168 0.45110 l.llE-004 Polley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley/MCr male 20 196 0.51570 1.25E -004 Polley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 46 0.20000 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 76 0.26500 NS Pond et al •• 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 106 0.28500 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 136 0.31000 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 226 0.32500 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 316 0.35000 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 406 0.35000 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 586 0.38500 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 766 0.44500 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 766 0.44500 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan female 80 766 0.44500 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan male 80 106 0.45000 NS Pond et al., 1985

Sprague-Dawley Spartan male 80 136 0.47500 NS Pond et al., 1985

0 Sprague-Dawley Spartan male 80 226 0.53500 NS Pond et al., 1985

1.1) ........ Sprague-Oawley Spartan male 80 316 0.58000 NS Pond et al., 1985

0 Sprague-Dawley Spartan male 80 406 0.60000 NS Pond et al., 1985

IV ........ Sprague-Daw1ey Spartan male 80 586 0.61500 NS Pond et al., 1985

CD SpraguP.-DawlP.y Spartan male 80

. 766 0.56500 NS Pond et al., 1985

-..JTABLE3-4(cont.)-'IDSpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceID0Animals(days)(kg)>--Sprague-DawleySpartanmale80460.25000NSQuastetal.,1983Sprague-DawleySpartanmale80460.25000NSQuastetal.,1983Sprague-DawleySpartanmale80760.40000NSQuastetal.,1983Sprague-Dawley1951female10310.005504.56E-007Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female10070.012601.44E-006Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female91140.022501.46E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female79210.035102.03E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female100280.048104.56E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female100420.092506.01E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female91560.115201.72E-004Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female45700.162201.76E-004Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female69840.176403.06E-004Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female401120.198503.91E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female351400.216103.02E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951female531680.230009.03E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male10010.006008.56E-007Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male9570.013001.89E-006Polley,1972(..)Sprague-Dawley1951male83140.024601.70E-005Polley,1972ISprague-Dawley1951male95210.037407.56E-006Polley,1972-.JSprague-Dawley1951male100280.049804.06E-005Polley,1972-.JSprague-Dawley1951male100420.097606.68E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male87560.152802.03E-004Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male66700.205405.52E-004Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male58840.239904.33E-004Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male401120.287509.75E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male331400.318207.88E-005Polley,1972Sprague-Dawley1951male411680.323603.13E-004Polley,1972S5B/P1Crfemale2910.005907.66E-007Polley,1972S5B/P1Crfemale2170.013905.06E-006Polley,1972S58/P1Crfemale36140.0?4701.50E-005Polley,1972S58/P1Crfemale46210.036802.02E-005Polley,1972S58/P1Crfemale54280.055202.63E-005Polley,1972S5B/P1Crfemale49420.095401.24E-004Polley,1972S58/P1Crfemale64560.125005.44E-005Polley,1972S5B/P1Crfemale27700.144904.90E-005Polley,1972S58/P1Crfemale27840.16730l.OBE-004Polley,1972S5B/P1Crfemale281120.205702.29E-004Polley,1972S5B/P1Crfemale321400.229802.25E-004Polley,19720S5B/P1Crfemale301680.244003.66E-004Polley,1972I.D.......S5B/P1Crmale2410.006105.63E-007Polley,19720S5B/P1Crmale1670.016103.06E-006Polley,19721\J.......S58/P1Crmale?6140.0?5001.50E-005Polley,1972CXIS5B/P1Crmale27210.038702.50E-005Polley,1972-.JTABLE3-4(cont.)...J..0SpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVariance..0Reference0Animals(days)(kg)>S58/P1Crmale47280.060107.23E-005Polley,1972S58/P1Crmale44420.122402.85E-004Polley,1972S58/P1Crmale58560.189702.98E-004Polley,1972S58/P1Crmale21700.241302.56E-004Polley,1972S58/P1Crmale23840.285603.02E-004Polley,1972S58/P1Crmale291120.319404.05E-004Polley,1972S58/P1Crmale271400.35RJO6.19E-004Polley,1972S58/P1Crmale251680.366205.94E-004Polley,1972Wcrypt/Ztmfemale121000.115001.44E-004Altetal.,1985Wcrypt/Ztmmale361000.286006.25E-004Altetal.,1985Wlstar/FurthCrfemale2910.007101.60E-007Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale2870.01640J.OOE-006Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale20140.022607.56E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale22210.039103.06E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale25280.061501.50E-005Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale19420.075905.33E-005Polley,1972(,.,)Wlstar/FurthCrfemale24560.136606.38(-006Polley,1972IWlstar/FurthCrfemale27700.143101.23E-005Polley,1972......c:oWlstar/FurthCrfemale23840.175507.97E-005Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale191120.201902.46E-001Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale191400.22490l.OJE-004Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrfemale241680.262703.73E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale2110.007201.81E-007Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale2770.017402.48E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale25140.024205.18E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale21210.040001.21E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale28280.065109.HE-006Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale20420.091205.13E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale22560.156606.16E-005Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale26700.185101.21E-005Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale10840.240303.43E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale221120.277707.55E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmaleJ71400.319408.31E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/FurthCrmale211680.359605.39E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/LewlsCrfemale2710.005107.66E-007Polley,1972Wlstar/LewlsCrfemale3370.018101.89E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/LewlsCrfemale24140.025604.00E-006Polley,19720Wlstar/LewlsCrfemale36210.052402.50E-005Polley,1972..0......Wlstar/LewlsCrfemale57280.084902.29E-004Polley,19720Wlstar/LewlsCrfemale38420.141806.44E-004Polley,19721'\J......Wlstar/LewlsCrfemale35560.242501.16E-004Polley,1972c:oWlstar/LewlsCrfemale42700.261203.15(-004Polley,1972......TABLE3-4(cont.)_,\DSpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference\D0Animals(days)(kg)>Wlstar/lewhCrfemale39840.302403.06E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/lewlsCrfemale411120.327002.85E-004Polley,1972WIstar/lewisCrfemale451400.335702.64E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/lewlsCrfemale421680.349901.93E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/lewisCrmale2710.005207.66E-007Polley,1972Wlstar/lewlsCrmale3210.019707.56E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/LewlsCrmale29140.027204.52E-006Polley,1972Wlstar/LewlsCrmale32210.053303.45E-005Polley,1972Wlstar/lewlsCrmale59280.096101.03E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/lewisCrmale38420.181407.84E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/LewlsCrmale44560.269705.18E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/LewlsCrmale33700.31(1505.64E-004Polley,1972WIstar/LewIsCrmale30840.381704.00E-004Polley,1972Wlstar/LewisCrmale281120.418204.4bE-004Polley,1972WIstar/LewisCrmale291400.459107.84E-004Polley,1972Whtar/LewIsCrmale34lb80.52b404.52E-004Polley,1972Wlstarfemale3350O.lb8002.50E-005MAS,1911(...,)Wlstarfemale421000.229002.50E-005NAS,1911IWIstarfemale523000.29900l.bOE-005NAS,1971_,WIstarfemale100280.097501.41E-005Wibergetal.,1966\DWlstarfemale1005(10.147501.41E-005Wibergetal.,19bbWIstarfemale100840.170002.50E-005Wibergetal.,19b6WIstarfemale1001120.180005.b2E-005Wibergetal.,196bWlstarfemale1001120.180005.b2E-005Wibergetal.,19b6WIstarmale25600.15000NSOeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale25900.29500NSDeyletal.,1975WIstarmale251200.35000NSDeyletal.,1975WIstarmale251500.39500NSDeyletal.,1975WIstarmale252100.41500NSOeyletal.,1975WIstarmale252700.45000NSDeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale253300.48000NSDeyletal.,1975WIstarmale253900.49000NSDeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale254500.50000NSDeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale255100.52000NSOeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale255700.55000NSDeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale25(1300.58500NSDeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale25(1900.59500NSOeyletal.,1975WIstarmale257200.60000NSOeyletal.,1975Wlstarmale257500.48000NSOeyleta1.,19750Wlstarmale257800.53000NSOeyletal.,1975\D......WIstarmale258400.47000NSOeyletal.,19750WIstarmale259000.57000NSDeyletal.,1975!'\,)......WIstarmale259300.55000NSDeyletal.,1975coWlstarmale10350.052301.69E-006Leongetal.,1964_,..... \Q

\Q

c

> (..)

I

CD

c 0

\Q

........

0

1\.)

........ CD

-..1 Spedes Whtar

Whtar

Whtar

Wlstar

Wtstar

Whtar

Wlstar

W Is tar

Wtstar

Whtar Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

Yoshlda/Cr

NS = Not specified Sex No. of Animals

male 10

male 10

male 10

male 34

male 38

male NS

male 100

male 100

male 100

male 100

female 35

female 35

female 31

female 24

female 21

female 20

female 26

female 24

female 25

female 21

female 23

male 20

male 21

male 22

male 24

male 21

male 22

male 23

male 24

male 25

male 26

male 22 TABLE 3-4 (cont.)

Age Weight Variance Reference

(days) (kg)

49 0.10980 2.&0£-005 Leong et al .• 1964

10 0.21130 4.49£-005 Leong et al., 1964

12& 0.29850 5.70E-005 Leong et al •• 1964

50 0.21800 2.50E-005 NAS, 1971

100 0.3&700 2.50£-005 NAS, 1971

300 0.48500 1. &OE -005 NAS, 1971

84 0.27000 &.25E-006 Wtberv et al., 196&

112 0.29500 5.62E-005 Wiberg et al., 19&&

28 0.12500 &.25E-OO& Wiberg et al., 19&&

5& 0.22500 5.&2E-005 Wiberg et al., 19&&

1 0.00&00 4.23E-007 Polley, 1912

1 0.01130 1.56£-006 Po1ley, 1972

14 0.03400 l.31E-005 Po1ley, 1972

21 0.05150 3.19E-005 Polley, 1912

28 0.06400 2.&5E-005 Polley, 1912

42 0.13480 5.55E-005 Polley, 1912

56 o. 10900 1.48E -004 Polley. 1912

10 0.25050 1.51E-004 Polley, 1912

04 0.21200 2 .51E-004 Polley, 1972

112 0.30320 4.17E-004 Polley, 1972

140 0.31060 4.14£-004 Polley, 1972

1 0.00610 3.91E-007 Polley, 1912

1 0.01240 1.50E-006 Po11ey, 1912

14 0.03740 1.21E -005 Polley, 1972

21 0.05070 2.02E-005 Polley, 1912

28 0.07990 6.16E-005 Polley. 1912

42 0.15920 9.95E-005 Polley. 1972

5& 0.25570 3.42E-004 Polley. 1912

70 0.32070 4.09E-004 Polley. 1972

04 0.34130 5.51E-004 Polley, 1912

112 0.40190 4.02£-004 Polley, 1972

140 0.41260 1.23E-003 Polley. 1912

# 0.7

0.6



# I o.s

H



# T 

# 0.4

i



# n

I 

# 0.3 

# '

0.2

0.1

0.5 1.0 

# 1.5 2.0 

# 2.5 3.0 

# 3.5



# AGE IH YEARS

FIGURE 3-21



# Body We,ght Data on Male and Female Rats

(See Table 3-4 for data po1nts and references)

1990A 3-81 

# 09/02/87

# This variation may be somewhat exaggerated in Figure 3-21 because most of

the points between 0.5 and 1.0 year that plateau at -0.2 kg are from Worden

( 1947) and represent the growth of a single female and single male black

rat. Most body weights for mature rats range from -0.3-0.6 kg.

Lifespan growth data are adequate to propose recommended values for four

strains of rats which, in descending order of s1ze, are Sprague-Oawley,

Long-Evans. Wistar and Fischer.

Growth data on male and female Sprague-Oawley rats are presented in

Figures 3-22 and 3-23, respectively. These figures include all of the data

on Sprague-Oawley rats summarized in Table 3-4. except for the SpragueDawley 1951 rats. which are smaller than other Sprague-Oawley rats. As with

B6C3Fl mice. male Sprague-Dawley rats evidence a definite plateau in growth

at matur Hy and a s 1 i ght decrease in body weight after 2 years of age.

Females, conversely, continue to gain weight at a substantial rate throughout the observation period of -2.1 years.

A somewhat different pattern is seen with male and female Fischer rats,

as illustrated in Figures 3-24 and 3-25, respectively. These figures

include all of the data on Fischer rats presented in Table 3-4. The data

reported by Mauderly (1986), on relatively small numbers of animals, vary

from the other sets of data, particularly for male rats at 1 year and female

rats at 2 years of age. These differences. however, do not have a substantial effect on the estimates of TWA body weights.

In Fischer rats. clear peaks and subsequent decreases in body weight are

apparent for both male and female rats. The peak in male rats occurs somewhat sooner (-1.5 

# years) than in female rats (-2 years,) and the decrease in

body weight in male rats is more pronounced than in females. Given the

large numbers of animals and the number of observations, it is unlikely that

1990A 3-82 09/02/87

# 0.7

0.6 

# •

: 

# • • 

# ! •• 

# I 0.5



# . '·'

H 

# •• i

T 0.4

i 

# •

n

l 

# 0.3 

# '

0.2

0.1

0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5

AGI IH YIARS



# FIGURE 3-22



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

l990A 

# 3-83 09/02/87

# 0.5 1.0 

# 1.5 2.0 2.5**~** 

# JH YIA!S



# FIGURE 3-23

Recommended Growth Curve for female Sprague-Dawley Rats

1990A 

# 3-84 09/02187

# 0.5 

# J 

# • • 

# •

0.45 !



# •• •I 

# • 

# • • 

# ,. • • 0.4 

# •• •j 

# l • +

0.35

H 

# 0.3 T

i



# n 

# 0.25



# f

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

A<il IN 'tiARS



# FIGURE 3-24

Recommended Growth Curve for Male F1scher Rats

l990A 3-65 09/02/67

# 0.35 

# J • • • • • • 

# •

0.3



# • j• 

# •



# r •

0.25 

# •

H 

# • ;

T 

# 0.2

i

n



# l 

# 0.15 

# '

0.1

0.05

0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5 3.0

AGE IM YEARS



# FIGURE 3-25

Recommended Growth Curve for Female F1scher Rats

1990A 

# 3-86 09/02/87

# ------~---·······-·--·-·· 

# ·---



# these patterns are artifacts of small sample sizes. Since these points

represent the mean weights of groups of animals, and individual body weight

data have not been reported, H 

# cannot be determined if 

# these patterns and

other similar patterns are associated with weight loss in older animals or

increased longevity in lighter animals.

The significance of the inflection in body weight in female Fischer rats

that appears to occur between 6 and 9 months is not apparent. This is

similar to the inflection in human females, between the ages of 20 and 30

years (Stoudt et al., 1960).

Lifespan growth data on long-Evans male rats are illustrated in Figure

3-26. The growth data on young (1-140 days) rats reported by Poiley (1972)

and the growth data on older ( 162-1156 days) rats reported by Holloszy and

Smith (1966) are combined in this figure and yield a smooth growth curve.

Reported weights for male long-Evans and male Sprague-Dawley rats both reach

a maximum of**~0.6** 

# kg, but Sprague-Dawley rats reach this weight more

rapidly. Thus, Sprague-Dawley rats have a slightly higher TWA body weight

than long-Evans rats. like male Flscher rats, male long-Evans rats show a

marked decline in body weight near the end of the lifespan. This decline

appears later (2.1 years) in the long-Evans rats than in the Fischer rats

(1.5 years).

Growth data over the lifespan of male Wistar rats are plotted in Figure

3-27. As specified in Table 3-4, this figure combines data on different

varieties of Wistar rats and unspecified varieties of Wistar rats reported

in different studies. This may partially account for the greater amount of

scatter than that seen in the previous figures. Nonetheless. in the growth

data on young Wistar rats (days 1-166) reported by Polley (1972), male and

female Wistar/lewis rats appear to have greater growth rates than Wistar/

Furth rats. No clear peak in growth is evident in this strain. All of the

1990A 3-87 09/02/87

# 0.6

0.5



# r M 

# '

1

n 

# 0.3

# ~

0.2

0.1

1990A 

# 0.5 1.0 

# ! •••• 

# •••



# .. '

• l

1.5 2.0



# "'! I H YIARS



# FIGURE 3-26**.~** 

# t •• l •

3.0



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male long-Evans Rats

3-88 3.5

09/02/87

# 0.6 

# •

! 

# • ! 

# • ! •

# ·~ 

# • • I

0.'5 

# ! 

# •• • • •**~** 

# • 

# l : 

# • !·

0.4

H



# T

i



# n 

# 0.3



# f

0.2

0.1



# 0.5 1.0 

# 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5 3.0

A<O! l H YIARS



# FIGURE 3-27

Recommended Growth Curve for Male W1star Rats

1990A 3-69 09/02/67

# growth data for animals >1 year are reported from a single study (Oeyl et

al., 1975) which is based on a small number of animals. Haas et al. (1985)

reported the spontaneous occurrence of a 11 

# giant 11 

# Wistar (Cpb:WU) rat that

weighed 0.656 kg at age 15 months. While somewhat large, this weight is not

exceptional given the growth data in Figure 3-27.

lifespan growth data are not available on female long-Evans, Wistar rats

or other strains of rats.

Proposed recommended values for various strains of rats are given in

Table 3-5. As with mice, both subchronic and chronic recommended body

weights are given that parallel the standard subchronic and chronic exposure

periods for toxicity studies using rats. For the sexes and strains on which

lifespan growth data are available, chronic body weights are estimated

directly from the appropriate figure (see Figures 3-22 to 3-27). For

strains on which a subchronic, but not a chronic, body weight can be calculated directly, the chronic body weight is estimated using Equat1on 3-2.

[The limitations of this approach are discussed in Section 3.2.1.]

When recommended body weights are not available from Table 3-5, any

available body weight data should be used to select the strain of rat most

similar to the strain used in the study being considered for risk assessment. If the strain of rat is not specified or if no body weight data are

provided, using the recommended values for the Fischer rat will generally

yield the lowest estimate of mg/kg/day dose, based on the use of the recommended body weight and the relationship of body weight to inhalation rates,

food consumption, or water consumption.

1990A 3-90 09/02/87-' 1..0

<.0

0

> Stra\n

ACP 9935/Cr

ACP 9935/Cr

AC1 9935/Cr

ACl 9935/Cr ALBANY/Cr

w ALBANY 9935/Cr

I

<.0 _, August 28807/Cr

August 28807/Cr

BN/Cr BN/Cr BUFFALO/Cr BUFFALO/Cr Copenhagen/Cr Copenhagen/Cr Cr:MGAPS(OM) Cr:MGAPS(OM)

**~** Cr:RAR(SO)

a Cr : RAR (SO)

N ' -

(XI -.I Sex F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M TABLE 3-!:i

Reference Values for Body Welghts of Various Strains of Rats

Weight Weight at Subt:hron1c lWA Chronic lWA Reference

at B1rth Weaning Body Weight Body We1ght

0.0051 0.033 0.131 0.2466* Polley, 1972

0.0052 0.0341 0.169 0.3237* Polley, 1972

0.0053 0.0342 0.137 0.2588* Polley, 1972

0.0054 0.0357 0.1&8 0.3217* Polley, 1972

0.0071 0.0535 0.184 0.3542* Polley, 1972

0.0072 0.0553 0.240 0.4678* Polley, 1972

0.0059 0.0404 0.159 0.3034* Polley, 1972

0.0061 0.0426 0.207 0.4008* Polley, 1972

0.00&1 0.0437 0.138 0.2608* Polley, 1972

0.0062 0.0448 0.210 0 .4069* Polley, 1972

0.0055 0.0278 0. 1 &8 0.3217* Polley, 1972

0.0064 0.0448 0.229 0.4455* Polley, 1972

0.0057 0.0266 0.149 0.2832* Polley, 1972

0.0058 0.0307 0.204 0.3947* Polley, 1972

0.0058 0.0484 0.192 0.3704* Polley, 1972

0.0061 0.0551 0.245 0.4779* Polley, 1972

0.00&5 0.0556 0.202 0.3907* Polley, 1972

0.0067 0.0594 0.263 0.5144* Polley, 1972TABLE 3-5 (cont.)

-'

1.0

1.0

0

l> Straln Sex Welght Welght at Subchronic TWA Chronic TWA Reference

at Birth Weaning Body Weight Body Welght

Flscher F 0.0055 0.03 0.124 0.229 Composlte, see text

Fischer M 0.0059 0.03 0.180 0.380 Composlte, see text

Long-Evans F 0.0061 0.0383 0.179 0.3440* Polley, 1972

Long-Evans M 0.0066 0.0400 0.248 0.472 Composlte, see text

Marshall 520/Cr F 0.0059 0.0328 0.143 (l. ;>/ I 0* Poi ley, 1972

Marshall 520/Cr M 0.0060 0.0407 0. 217 0.4211* Polley, 1972

NBR/PlCr F 0.0058 0.0275 0.140 0.2649* Polley, 1972

w NBR/PlCr M 0.0058 0.0283 0.193 0.3724* Polley, 1972

I

1.0

N Osborne-Mendel F 0.0064 0.0520 0.286 0.5611* Polley, 1972

Osborne-Mendel F 0.0064 0.0530 0.201 o. :mHo* Poi1ey, 19:·,

Osborne-Mendel M 0.0064 0.0530 0.263 0.5144* Polley, 1972

SH/Cr F 0.0055 0.0400 0.143 0.2710* Polley, 1972

SH/Cr M 0.0062 0.0424 0.205 0.3968* Polley, 1972

Sprague-Dawley F 0.0063 0.0515 0.204 0.338 Composlte, see text

Sprague-Dawley M 0.0067 0.0527 0.267 0.523 Composlte, see text

S5B/P1Cr r 0.0059 0.036(1 0. H3 0.?/i(i' hl i I : :J , I (ll ?

SSB/PlCr M 0.0061 0.0387 0.210 0.4069* Pol ley, 197(

Wlstar/Furth Cr F 0.0071 0. 0391 0.137 0.2588* Polley, 1972

Wlstar/Furth Cr M 0.0072 0.0400 0.179 0.3440* Polley, 1972

0

1.0 F 0.0051 0.0524 0.234 0.4556* Polley, 1972

-...... Wlstar/Lewls Cr

**~** Wlstar/Lew1s Cr M 0.0052 0.0533 0.289 0.5672* Polley, 1972

........ co

-..1.... I.D

I.D

0

)> w

I

I.D

w

0

I.D

........

0

1'\J

........ (X)

-.J Stra1n W1star W1star Yoshida/Cr Yosh1da/Cr Sex

f H

f H Welght

at B1rth 0.006 0.006 0.0060 0.0061 TABLE 3-5 (cont.)

Welght at Weaning 0.040 0.046 0.0515 0.0567 Subchron1c TWA

Body Weight 0.156 0.217 0.154

0. 271 Chronic TWA

Body Welght 0.2974* 0.462 0.2933* 0.5307* Reference Compos1te. see text

Compos He. see text

Polley, 1972 Polley. 1972

*Recolllllended chronic body welghts based on the equation, BWch :::. -0.019+2 .03 BWsub, where BWch ls the

reconmended chron1c body and BWsub 1s the **recommendt~d** subchronic body we1ght.

# 3.2.3. Gu1nea P1gs. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body

we1ght for gu1nea pigs. Values for gu1nea p1g body we1ght reported 1n the

literature 1nclude 0.27 kg (Boxenbaum, 1983), 0.43 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley,

1974) and 0.75 (Lehman, 1959). Growth data for gu1nea pigs and some

add1t1onal body we1ghts for gu1nea p1gs of unspec1fied age are summar1zed 1n

Table 3-6. All we1ght data from Table 3-6, for wh1ch correspond1ng ages are

specif1ed, are plotted 1n F1gure 3-28

The data base for gu1nea p1gs is much less complete than that for m1ce

or rats. Donhoffer (1986) presents data over a per1od close to the 6-year

recommended lifespan for the gu1nea pig. Wh1le these reported values are

consistent with the data g1ven by Mortola (1983, 1984). neither sex nor

stra1n are specif1ed. In add1tion, the body weight data reported by

Donhoffer (1986) are markedly less than sex- and stra1n-spec1f1c data

reported by Po1ley (1972), Hirsch (1973) and Nav1a and Lopez (1973). These

data for male gu1nea p1gs are illustrated in Figure 3-29. The lower ser1es

of smooth body we1ght points are those reported by Po1ley (1972) for the

American short-ha1r gu1nea p1g. The upper ser1es of smooth body we1ght

po1nts are those for the Alb1no short-ha1r (H1rsch, 1973) and Hartley (Nav1a

and Lopez, 1973) strains.

guinea p1gs are that of

(Figure 3-30). The only sex-specif1c data reported for female

Poiley (1972) for the Amer1can short-ha1r

For propos1ng recommended values, 1t does not seem reasonable to rely on

the data of Donhoffer (1986) both because the sex and stra1n are not spec1-

f1ed and because the data, whne plaus1ble ghen the scatter prev1ously

noted with rats and m'ce, are not cons,stent with the sex- and stra,n

# specific data plotted 1n F1gures 3-29 and 3-30. As an alternaUve, subchron1c body we1ghts are der1ved from the available sex and stra1n data.

1991A 3-94 09/02/87TABlE3-6......GrowthandBodyWelghtDataonGuineaP\gs......>Spec\esSexNo.ofAgeWe\ghtVar\anceReferenceAn\ma1s(days)(kg)Alb\noshort-hairmale5100.20000NSH\rsch,1973Alb\noshort-ha1rmale5200.27000NSHlrsch,1973Albinoshort·hairmale5300.36000NSHirsch,1973Alb1noshort-halrmale5400.41500NSH\rsch,1973Alb\noshort-hairmale5500.48000NSH\rsch,1973Albinoshort-ha\rmale5600.52000NSH\rsch,1973Alb1noshort-hairmale5700.58000NSHirsch,1973Amer.short-ha\rfemale5010.07900l.SOE-004Poiley,19727"'Amer.short-ha1rfemale5070.110601.50E-004Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale50140.145602.33E-004Polley,1972Amer.short-ha\rfemale50210.180104.52E-004Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale50280.218907.02E-004Polley,1972Amer.short-ha\rfemale50420.297302.23E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale48560.374201.98E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale48700.449502.53E-003Polley.1972Amer.short-halrfemale48840.518903.48E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale481120.625605.26E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale481400.720109.65E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale471680.796201.35E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-halrfemale471960.837502.65E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-hairmale5010.080302.56E-004Polley,1972Amer.short-halrmale5070.115701.76E-004Polley,1972Amer.short-ha\rmale50140.155602.40E-004Polley,1972.Amer.short-halrmale50210.200406.63E-004Polley.19720Amer.short-hairmale50280.240601.09E-003Polley,1972Amer.short-ha\rmale49420.32740b.7bE-004Polley,1972Amer.short-ha\rmale49560.405301.35E-003Polley,1972.......CCI-.JTABLE 3-6 (cont.)

...... 1.0

1.0

......

> Specles Sex No. of Age We\ght Var\ance Reference

An\ma ls (days) (kg)

Amer. short-hair male 49 70 0.48250 7.84E-004 Po \1 e y. 1972

Amer. short-hair male 49 84 0.54680 1. 28E -003 Polley, 1972

Amer. short-ha\r male 49 112 0.65690 2.40E-003 Polley, 1972

Amer. short-halr male 49 140 0.76010 4.10E-003 Po\ley, 1972

Amer. short-hair male 45 168 0.84010 2 .12E-003 Po \ley. 1972

Amer. short-halr male 45 196 0.89930 2.63E-003 Polley. 1972

Duncan-Hartley female 45 NS 020350 2.26E-005 Shelton, 1971

Duncan-harltey female 45 NS 0.44250 9. 51E-005 Shelton, 1911

Duncan-Hartley male 15 NS 0.20400 1. 60E-005 Shelton. 1971

Duncan-Hartley male 15 NS 0.46350 1.81E-005 Shelton. 1911

c..:>

I **~** Hart ley male NS 21 0.28000 NS Nav\a and lopez, 1973

Hartley male NS 42 0.45000 NS Nav\a and lopez, 1973

Hartley male NS 70 0.61000 NS Nav\a and lopez. 1973

Hartley male NS 98 0.72000 NS Navia and lopez, 1973

Hartley both 10 98 0.51200 9.80E-003 Mauderly et al., 1979

NS male 6 NS 0.30900 1.61E-004 Murphy and Ulr\ch. 1964

NS male 6 NS 0.34000 1.35E -004 Murphy and Ulr\ch, 1964

NS male 6 NS 0.37900 3. 39E -004 Murphy and Ulrich. 1964

NS NS NS NS 0.80000 NS Bruce, 1950

NS NS 73 2 0.09200 1.16E-004 Donhoffer, 1986

NS NS 39 5 0.10200 8.64E-004 Donhoffer, 1986

NS NS 35 8 0.11100 8.28E-004 Donhoffer, 1986

NS NS 52 15 o. 15900 1 .33E -003 Donhoffer, 1986

NS NS 47 45 0.29900 2.40E-003 Donhoffer, 1986

0 NS NS 78 195 0.68000 1.94E-003 Donhoffer, 1986

**~** NS NS 33 810 0.76200 2.88E-003 Donhoffer, 1986

**~** NS NS 18 1260 0.69900 NS Donhoffer, 1986

....... CXl

-.j_, t..O

t..O

_,

J> (..)

I

t..O

-...1

0

t..O

' 0 N

' co -...1 Species

NS NS NS NS NS NS NS = Not spec1fied Sex No. of An1ma1s

NS 19

NS 18

NS NS

NS 8

NS 5

NS 2 TABLE 3-& (cont.)

Age We1ght Variance Reference

(days) (kg)

1440 0.82000 NS Donhoffer. 1986

1800 0.&9500 2 .10E -003 Donhoffer. 1986

NS 0.80000 NS Lane-Peter et a1 .• 19&7

NS 0.19400 1.5&E-004 Head. 1960

4 0.11&00 1.&9E-004 Horto1a. 1983

3 0.09110 1.80E-004 Horto1a. 1984

# 0.9 

# -

o.e**~** 

# ..

..**·~** 

# •**~'** 

# 0.7 

# ••1

:.,.



# r • 

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# l -.-1

0.6 

# ... • 

# V:

H

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i 

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# '**~I** 0.3

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# 0.5 1.0 1.5 .2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0**~~ Ir~**  

# YIAP.S



# FIGURE 3-28



# Body We1ght Data on Gu1nea P1gs

(See Table 3-6 for data po1nts and references)

1991A 3-98 09/02/87

# 0.9



# •

o.a 

# J •

0.1



# r •

0.6 

# ., H 

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25.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 125.0 150.0 175.0 3:10.0**~~** 

# JH !lAYS



# FIGURE 3-29



# Growth Data on Male Gulnea P1gs

l991A 3-99 09/02/87

# 0.9

0.8

0.7



# r 0.6

H



# T

i**0.~**



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0.3

0.2

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25.0



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-,.o 100.0 125.0 1so.o 1-,.o a:>o.o

A;I 

# IN M'tS



# FIGURE 3-30

Growth Data on Female Gu1nea P1gs

3-100 09/02/81

# For male gu1nea p1gs (see Figure 3-29). separate subchron1c body we1ghts

could be der1ved for the upper and lower body we1ght patterns d1scussed

above. G1ven the paucity of the data and the uncerta1nty in extrapolaUng

such esUmates to chron1c body we1ghts, only a single value of 0.48 kg 1s

proposed for all male gu1nea pigs. For female gu1nea pigs, the proposed

recommended subchronic body we1ght is 0.39 kg. These values are based on

the recommended age at weaning of 14 days for gu1nea p1gs and the 90-day

duration of a subchronic study.

The TWA body we1 ght curves for ma 1 e and fema 1 e gu 1 nea p1 gs g1 ven 1 n

Figures 3-29 and 3-30 are extended 1n F1gures 3-31 and 3-32, based on the

assumpUon that body we1ghts reach a plateau after 300 days at 1.0 kg for

males and 0.9 kg for females. These f1gures are not extended over the full

6-year lHespan of the gu1nea p1g because lHespan tox1city stud1es are

rarely, H ever, conducted on th1s spec1es. For prov1d1ng a recommended

chronic body weight, a 2-year exposure per1od 1s assumed. The recommended

chron1c body we1ghts for male and females are est1mated at 0.89 and 0.86 kg,

respecUvely.

3.2.4. Hamsters. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body

we1ght for hamsters. ARS/Sprague-Dawley (1974) g1ves a standard body we1ght

of 0.12 kg. Other reported body we1ghts for adult and weanling hamsters are

g1ven 1n Table 3-7, along w1th ava1lable growth data. All growth data presented 1n Table 3-7 are plotted 1n Figure 3-33. The po1nts 1n Figure 3-33

that show a markedly lower growth rate than most of the other po1nts are for

Chinese (Calland et al., 1986) and Djungarian (Heldma1er et al., 1982)

hamsters. Because of the substant1ally lower body we1ghts reported for

these stra1ns, separate body we1ght values w1ll be recommended. Growth data

are not ava1lable over the 2.5-year recommended lHespan of the hamster.

l991A 3-101 09/02/87

# 1 

# ... 

# - - .. ..**~** 

# -

.... 

# ! "" i

... 

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# .... 

# ,..

I 

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# ! 0.9 l.... 

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o.e I 

# 7

r 

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0.7 

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H 

# 0.6 

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f 

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# I I I 

# I



# o.s 1.0 1.5 2.0 2., 3.0 3.,

"'I IH 

# 'BARS



# FIGURE 3-31

Recommended Growth Curve for Male Gu1nea P1gs

1991A 

# 3-102 09/02/87

# 9



# 0.1

7



# 0.5



# 1991A 1



# 0.9



# 0.8 

# 1

o. 7

# ~ 0.6

i

n 

# 0.5



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0.4



# 0.3

0.2

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# FIGURE 3-32 I**2.~** 

# r



# .....

I



# 3.0



# Recommended Growth Curve for Female Gu,nea P'gs

3-103 I**3.~**



# 09/02/87_, IJ:I

IJ:I

_,

> Specles Chlnese Chinese Chlnese Chlnese Chinese Chlnese Chinese Chinese Chlnese

c..>

1 Chinese

_, **~** Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese Chinese Cr:RGH(SYR) Cr:RGH(SYR) Cr:RGH(SYR) Cr:RGH(SYR) Cr:RGH(SYR) Cr:RGH(SYR) Cr:RGH(SYR)

**~** Cr:RGH(SYR)

' Cr: RGH ( SYR)

0 "" Cr: RGH ( SYR)

' co Cr: RGH ( SYR)

**-...~** Cr:RGH(SYR) Sex female female female female female female female female male male male male male male male male male female female female female female female female female female female female female TABLE 3-7

Growth and Body Weight Data on Hamsters

No. of Age We\ght Variance Reference

Anlma l s (days) (kg)

25 21 0.01500 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 28 0.01900 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 35 0.02150 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 49 0.02400 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 63 0.02550 NS Calland et al •• 1986

25 77 0.02750 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 91 0.02900 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 112 0.03050 NS £alland et al .• 1986

25 21 0.01500 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 28 0.01900 NS Calland et al •• 1986

25 35 0.02600 NS Calland et al •• 1986

25 49 0.02550 NS Calland et al., 1986

25 63 0.02950 NS Calland et al., 1986

25 77 0.03200 NS Calland et al •• 1986

25 91 0.03450 NS Calland et al .• 1986

25 98 0.03550 NS Calland et al •• 1986

25 112 0.03750 NS Calland et al .• 1986

56 1 0.00300 2.02E-007 Polley. 1972

60 7 0.00780 4. 20E -006 Polley. 1972

203 14 0.01750 2.65E-005 Polley. 1972

120 21 0.04030 2.63E-005 Poi ley. 1972

120 28 0.04420 8.79E-005 Polley. 1972

143 42 0.09300 1. 54E -005 Polley. 1972

151 56 0.09450 2. 21E -005 Polley. 1972

163 70 0.10330 3.16E -005 Polley. 1972

162 84 0.11490 3.36E-005 Poiley. 1972

101 112 0.13590 2. 81E -005 Polley. 1972

94 140 0.14960 1.02E-005 Polley. 1972

88 168 0.15780 1.79E-005 Poi ley. 1972TABLE3-7(cont.)--'U)U)--'>Spec1esSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVarianceReferenceAnimals(days)(kg)Cr:RGH(SYR)male5410.002902.50E-007Po1ley,1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male5870.006904.95E-006Po1ley.1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male204140.018302.94E-005Po1ley.1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male160210.040002.97E-005Po1ley.1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male160280.048709.41E-005Polley,1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male155420.086106.16E-005Po1ley.1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male163560.091508.85E-006Po1ley.1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male171700.099401.46E-005Po1ley,1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male154840.103906.63E-006Po1ley.1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male981120.121902.16E-005Po1ley.1972Cr:RGH(SYR)male771400.131805.26E-005Po1ley.1972wCr:RGH(SYR)male861680.140501.33E-005Polley,1972I--'Cr:RHG(SYR)femaleNS210.040002.50fN/\S,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)femaleNS280.044009.03E-005NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)femaleNS560.095002.26E-005NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)femaleNS840.115003.60E-005NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)femaleNS1680.158001.81E-005NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)maleNS210.040003.02E-005NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)maleNS280.049009.51E-005NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)maleNS560.092009.00E-006NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)maleNS840.104006.25E-006NAS,1978Cr:RHG(SYR)maleNS1680.141001.22E-005NAS,1978DjungarianNS16910.027603.60E-007Heldmaieretal.,1982Djungar1anNS14910.041108.10E-007Ueldmaieretal.•1982Ela:ENG(SYR)femaleNS200.03800NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)femaleNS300.06000NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)femaleNS400.08100NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)femaleNS600.10000NSNAS,1978c:c.......TABLE3-7(cont.).......I.CI.C.......J>SpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarlanceReferenceAnlmals(days)(kg)Ela:ENG(SYR)1eNS700.10700NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)femaleNS900.12400NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)maleNS200.03600NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)maleNS300.06100NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)maleNS400.08200NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)maleNS600.10200NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)maleNS700.10800NSNAS,1978Ela:ENG(SYR)maleNS900.12600NSNAS,1978GoldenSyrlanfemale10350.07300NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanfemale10490.08800NSFeronetal.,1979wfemale10630.09300NSFeronetal.,1979•GoldenSyrlanGoldenSyrlanfemale10770.10400NSFeronetal.,19790'1female10910.10900NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanGoldenSyrlanfema1 e101050.11900NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanfemale101190.11000NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanfemale101330.12000NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale10350.07400NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale10490.09300NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale10630.09600NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale10Tl0.10300NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale10910.10600NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale101050.10800NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale101190.10700NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanmale101330.10800NSFeronetal.,1979GoldenSyrlanboth192280.05600l.OOE-006KnapkaandJudge,1974GoldenSyrlanboth192350.06900l.OOE-006KnapkaandJudge,1974oGoldenSyrlanboth192420.076501.56E-006KnapkaandJudge,1974I.C'GoldenSyrlanboth192490.083501.56E-006KnapkaandJudge,19740both192560.089505.63E-007KnapkaandJudge,1974NGoldenSyrlan'CD-.IlABLE 3-7 (cont.)

-'

1..0

1..0

-'

>

Spec1es Sex No. of Age Weight Varlance Reference

An1mals (days) (kg)

Golden male 10 adult 0.11540 1. 21E -004 Holloway and Heath, 1984

Golden both 22 weaned 0.04170 l.OOE-008 Arrington, 1968

Golden both 22 weaned 0.04170 l.OOE-008 Arrington, 1968

Golden both 12 42 0.07475 3.45E ·-004 Banta et al., 1975

Golden both NS 1 0.00400 NS Farr1s, 1950

Golden both NS 20 0.02800 NS Farris, 1950

Golden both NS 40 0.07000 NS Farris, 1950

Golden both NS 60 0.09200 NS Farris, 1950

Golden both NS 80 0.10750 7.56E-006 Farr1s, 1950

Golden both NS 100 0.12850 4.56E-005 Farr1s, 1950

Golden both NS 140 0.13350 1.81E -005 Farr1s, 1950

w Golden both NS 180 0.14650 1.81E -005 Farr1s, 1950

**~** Golden both NS 220 0.15000 2.50E-005 Farris, 1950

0

-.1 Golden both NS 260 0.15150 1.06E-005 Farris, 1950

Golden both NS 300 0. I **~,?!10** ? . **?b~** -00!, **~arris,** 1950

Golden both NS 360 0.15450 2.76E-005 Farris, 1950

Golden both 40 21 0.03850 5.63E-007 Granados, 1951

Golden both 40 56 0.07550 1.41E -005 Granados, 1951

Golden both 40 91 0.09250 5.06E-006 Granados, 1951

Golden both 40 126 0.11000 6.25E-006 Granados, 1951

Golden both 40 161 0.11500 1.60E-005 Granados, 1951

Golden NS NS adult 0.09000 NS Lane-Peter et al., 1967

NS NS NS adult 0.09000 NS Bruce, 1950

NS NS 4 5 0.00643 NS Mortola and Noworaj, 1985

Standard LVG female NS 21 0.03500 NS NAS, 1978

Standard LVG female NS 28 0.05400 NS NAS, 1978

0 female NS 35 0.06600 NS NAS, 1978

1..0 Standard LVG

........ o Standard LVG female NS 56 0.09700 NS NAS, 1978

**~** Standard LVG female NS 70 0.10700 NS NAS, 1978

CD female NS 84 0.11500 NS NAS, 1978

-.1 Standard LVGTABLE 3-7 (cont.)

-'

"" "" -' > Species Sex No. of Age Weight .. Var1ance Reference

An1mals (days) (kg)

Standard LVG male NS 21 0.03500 NS NAS. 1978

Standard LVG male NS 28 0.05200 NS NAS, 1978

Standard LVG male NS 35 0.07000 NS NAS. 1978

Standard LVG male NS 56 0.10200 NS NAS, 1978

Standard LVG male NS 70 0.11000 NS NAS, 1978

Standard LVG male NS 84 0.12500 NS NAS. 1978

Syr1an FlB male 10 40 0.06380 2.50E-005 Schlenker, 1984

Syrian FlB male 10 10 0.08860 3.14E-005 Schlenker. 1984

Syr1an FlB male 10 100 0.10200 1.14E-004 Schlenker, 1984

c..J **~** Syr1an[Sch:Syr] both 10 98 0.11000 1 .21E -004 Mauderly et al., 1979

0

(X) Syr1an female 10 21 0.03800 1 . 73E --004 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syr1an female 10 35 0.06700 2 .21E -005 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syr1an female 10 42 0.07900 2.01E-004 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syrian female 10 63 0.09600 2.09E-004 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syr1an male 8 21 0.04100 1.59E-004 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syr1an male 8 35 0.06700 1.95E-004 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syr1an male 8 42 0.07900 2.22E-004 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syr1an male 8 63 0.09600 5. 51E -005 Arr1ngton et al., 1966

Syr1an male 8 25 0.04600 NS Rogers et al., 1974

Syr1an male 8 30 0.06100 NS Rogers et al., 1974

Syr1an male 8 35 0.07600 NS Rogers et al., 1974

Syr1an male 8 40 0.08800 NS Rogers et al., 1974

Syr1an male 8 50 0.09900 NS Rogers et al., 1974

Syr1an male 8 70 0.11000 NS Rogers et al., 1974

**~** Syr1an male 8 90 0.12300 NS Rogers et al., 1974

;;:; Syrlan male 8 105 0.12700 NS Rogers et al., 1974

**~** Syrlan male 40 109 0.12900 2.89E-004 Rubin et al., 1978

**~** Syrlan both 10 112 0.11100 1. 21E -004 Mauderly and Tesarek, 1975

NS = Not speclf1ed

# 0.16 

# • 

# r • • • •

0.14 

# ,. •l



# .. 

# , I



# 0.12 

# !



# r i•

!

i



# 0.1 i

# ~

i



# n 0.08



# !

0.06

0.04

: 

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i

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0.02 

# • • •• • i

:so.o 100.0 1:so.o ax>.o 250.0 3:X>.o 350.0 400.0

AGI 

# IH PAYS



# FIGURE 3-33

Body We,ght Data on Hamsters

(See Table 3-7 for data po,nts and references)

1991A 3-109 09/02187

# The only data on growth over an**observ~tion** 

# per1od of >6 months are provided

in a study on the Golden hamster (Farris. 1950}, in which average weights

are given for both sexes combined.

Sex dHferences in body weight do not appear to be as pronounced 1n

hamsters as in other species of laboratory animals. Data on the growth rate

of male hamsters, excluding Chinese and Djungarian strains, are plotted in

Figure 3-34. Corresponding data for female hamsters are plotted in Figure

3-35. Although some scatter is apparent in both of these figures, the data

are reasonably consistent and are not clearly associated with differences in

strain. Using the data presented in these figures and a recommended age at

weaning of 21 days, the recommended subchronic body weights for these

strains of male and female hamsters are 0.097 and 0.095 kg, respectively.

In estimaUng chron1c body weights for these strains of hamsters. data

on males and females are extended in Figures 3-36 and 3-37, respectively,

using assumed mature body weights of 0.15 kg for males and 0.16 kg for

females. These assumed values bracket the combined weight for 1-year-old

male and female Golden hamsters of -0.155 kg (Farris, 1950} and reflect the

somewhat higher body weights reported for female hamsters ages 100-200 days.

compared with males. Using these assumptions, recommended chronic body

weights for these strains of hamsters are 0.134 kg for males and 0.145 kg

for females.

Growth data on male and female Chinese hamsters are presented in Figures

3-38 and 3-39. respectively. and the corresponding recommended subchronic

body weights are 0.03 kg for males and 0.025 kg for females. The ratio of

chronic-to-subchronic body weights for Golden Syrian hamsters (1.38 for

males and 1. 52 for females} are used to est1mate recommended chronic body

weights for Chinese hamsters of 0.041 kg for males and 0.038 kg for females.

1991A 3-110 09/02/87

# 0.15



# 0.14

0.13



# 0.12



# r 0.11

0.1

# ~ 0.09

i 

# 0.08



# n

l 

# 0.07 

# ' 0.06



# 0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

25.0



# 1991A 

# •I

# ~·

5:).0 

# 75.0 100.0 125.0**~!** 

# IH J>AYS



# FIGURE 3-34

Growth Data on Male Hamsters

(Excluding Chinese Strain)

3-111 150.0 175.0

09/02/87

# 0.16

0.1:5

0.14

0.13 

# I 0.12

0.11

0.1

T 

# 0.09

i



# n 

# 0.08



# ! 0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01



# 1991A 

# •

• • •j



# ....

..... 

# •

... 

# •

•

I



# 25.0 I**~.0** 

# --r 1



# ?S.O 100.0

IKI J" 

# »AYS



# FIGURE 3-35 I



# 125.0



# Growth Data on Female Hamsters (Exclud1ng Ch1nese Stra1n)

3-112 I



# 150.0 

# •

I



# 175.0



# 09/02/87

# l991A 0.1,

--.-----

....**-~._---r'_.** 

# ____ -:--

...**-~~-** 

# .....**-~**



# 0.14**-+-------'...._----+-----+-----+-----~**



# 0.13

# +---:.r--t---+--~-=±~::;:=_..f=~==::;

0.12 4--

...**~~-.,._** 

# ____**-~-·;-----~_;:_~----~------i**



# w 0.11 

# ;,t:"" ./



# fi o.1

# -~ 

# L

T 0.09**-+-"""l',~t'lil!"~/-...,_l** 

# ___ --+----!-----+-------!**~ 0.~** **4-~W~~~~~-.,._** 

# ____ .._ _____***-----*-----~**



# 0.07

.. 

# f

0.06

# -+-•**~4, '----+------+-----+----+------o** 

0.05

# -"-~---+------;------+-----;-------;

0.0. •

0.03 

# -+--------+-----,..__----+-----+------;

0.02 

# -+.,,a-------;-------;-------+------+-------1

0.01 

# --1*, ---;..------+----+-----+-------:

I



# o.s l 1



# 1.0 1.,

AGE 1 H 

# YIARS



# FIGURE 3-36 I



# 2.0



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male Hamsters (Exclud,ng Ch,nese Strain)

3-113 I



# 2.5

09/02187

# I

v

I



# n



# l 

# '

1991A 0.16**.l~** 

# ... 

# -

0.15

... 

# :



# ...

0.14 

# •**·~** 

# ------: 0.13

# ~ 

# •

... 0.12



# ....... /

0.11



# ......**l~** 0.1



# .. F

0.09

0.08 

# : .,/



# .,..

0.07 

# !I

0.06 

# ., 0.05

# ~( 0.04

-

0.03

0.02 14



# 0.01



# •• I 

# I I I



# 0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0**~~** 

# IH 'BARS



# FIGURE 3-37

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Hamsters (Excluding Chinese Strain)

3-114 

# -

-

-\

1



# 2.5



# 09/02/87

# 0.04



# •

0.035



# •



# r 0.03

0.025 H



# T

l

n 

# 0.02

I



# c:

0.015



# 0.01

,!'"3



# 25.0 50.0 r.i.O 

# 100.0 125.0

IK! IH 

# »AY'S



# FIGURE 3-38



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male Chinese Hamsters

1991A 

# 3-115 09/02/87

# 0.035

0.03 

# • •



# r 0.02'5 

# '

0.02

i



# n 

# f 0.015

0.01

51""3



# 25.0 :50.0 75.0 

# 100.0 125.0**~I"** 

# PAYS



# FIGURE 3-39

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Ch1nese Hamsters

1991A 3-116 09/02/87

# Although growth data are not available for Djungar1an hamsters, the body

we1ghts reported for 90-day-old hamsters of th1s stra1n (Heldmaier et al.,

1982) are much closer to those of Chinese than Golden hamsters. Thus, the

recommended values for Ch1nese hamsters should be appl1ed to stud1es using

Djungarlan hamsters.

The rather substantlal varlatlon ln the welghts of 91-day-old Djungarian

hamsters reported by Heldmaler et al. (1982) reflect seasonal differences,

the heavier welght recorded ln summer and the l lghter welght recorded ln

winter. Seasonal differences ln growth rates and body weights of hamsters

are also dlscussed by Granados (1951). Information for assesslng the

effects of seasonal differences ls not common ln the toxlcology or growth

lHerature. Thus, seasonal factors are not used ln recommendlng blologlcal

values ln lhls report, although such differences are noted when data are

available. Such differences, nonetheless, should be recognized as potential

and perhaps substantlal sources of error ln the appllcatlon of recommended

values ln risk assessments.

3.2.5. Gerblls. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference value for

gerblls, and these anlmals were not lncluded ln an earller report on recommended values for rlsk assessment (U.S. EPA, 1985). Although not commonly

used in toxlcological studles, gerblls are usually consldered in most recent

reference texts on laboratory animals (Arrlngton, 1978) and are belng used

more frequently ln biomedlcal research.

As summarized in Table 3-8, most avallable data are on the Mongollan

gerbil; only blrth and mature welghts were reported by Lane-Peter et al.

(1967) for other strains. As illustrated in F'gures 3-40 and 3-41 for ma1e·s



# and females, respectlvely, growth data for both sexes are relatlvely conslstent and cover the 3-year recommended lifespan. The body welghts reported

1991A 3-117 09/02/87.....<.0<.0.....J>SpeclesHerlonesshawiHerlonesshawlHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanw.:..HongollanMongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanHongollanMongollanHongollanMongollan(X)-.ISexNSNSlefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemalefemaleleTABLE3-8GrowthandBodyWelghtDataonGerbllsNo.ofAgeWelghtVarlanceReferenceAnlmals(days)(kg)NS10.004753.91E-007lane-Peteretal.,1967NSadult0.185001.06E-003lane-Peteretal.,1967many10.00400NSArringtonetal.,1973many70.00700NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many140.01600NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many210.01600NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many280.02100NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973many350.03500NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many420.04200NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many490.04700NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many560.04900NSArrlngtonetal.•1973many1800.06200NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many2700.07400NSArrlngtonetal.,1973many3650.07800NSArringtonetal.,1973many7300.08200NSArrlngtonetal.•1973many10950.08600NSArringtonetal.,1973NS10.00300NSHarstonandChang,1965NS210.01300NSHarstonandChang,1965NS560.040001.22E-005HarstonandChang,1965NS1830.075002.50E-005HarstonandChang,1965NS3650.080002.50E-005HarstonandChang,1965NS6390.097501.89E-004HarstonandChang,1965NS10.00400NSMcManusandZurlch,1972NS140.00600NSMcManusandZurlch,1972NS210.01200NSMcManusandZurich,1972NS280.01900NSMcManusandZurich,1972NS350.02300NSMcManusandZurich,1972TABLE3-8(cont.)-'I.DI.D-'l>SpeclesSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVarlanceReferenceAn,mals(days)(kg)Mongol1anfemaleNS490.03300NSMcManusandZur1ch,1972Mongol1anfemaleNS5&0.04000NSMcManusandZur1ch,1972Mongol1anfemaleNS700.04600NSMcManusandZur\ch,1972Mongol1anfemaleNS1050.05500NSMcManusandZur\ch,1972Mongol1anfemale8&10.002801.&OE-009Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale85100.007401.21E-008Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale81200.012104.84E-008Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale104300.019501.7&E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale97400.024302.02E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale30500.031&05.33E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale58&00.040104.10E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972CfMongol1anfemale50700.043002.81E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972:::::Mongol1anfemale38800.04&&03.48E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972I.DMongol1anfemale49900.050103.03E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale4&1000.051902.70E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale381100.051803.72E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale351200.054005.33E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale3&1300.05&201.35E-00&Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale351400.057209.03E-007Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anfemale121500.055402.53E-00&Norr1sandAdams,1972Mongol1anmalemany10.00400NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973Mongol1anmalemany70.00700NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973Mongollanmalemany140.01000NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973Mongol1anmalemany210.01700NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973Mongol1anmalemany280.02400NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973Mongol,anmalemany350.03300NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973Mongol1anmalemany420.04500NSArr1ngtonetal.,19730Mongol1anmalemany490.05400NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973Mongol1anmalemany5&0.05600NSArrlngtonetal.,1973Mongollanmalemany900.0&800NSArr1ngtonetal.,1973........CD-..JlABLE3-8(cont.)....Jo.Do.D....J>SpeclesSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVarlanceReferenceAnlmals(days)(kg)Hongollanmalemany1800.08000NSArrlngtonetal.,1973Hongollanmalemany2700.08700NSArringtonetal.,1973Hongollanmalemany3650.09000NSArrlngtonetal.,1973Hongollanmalemany4690.09400NSArrlngtonetal.,1973Hongollanmalemany5500.09800NSArrlngtonetal.,1973Hongollanmalemany7300.09800NSArrlngtonetal.,1973Hongollanmalemany10950.09600NSArrlngtonetal.,1973Hongollanmale11750.070501.56E-006Laughllnetal.,1975Hongollanmale10630.055508.1OE-007loew,1968Hongollanmale10980.074807.56E-006loew,1968wHongollanmale101400.082751.83E-005loew,1968Hongollanmale101820.090853.69E-005loew,1968Hongollanmale102240.095803.03E-005loew,1968HongollanmaleNS10.003006.25E-008HarstonandChang,1965HongollanmaleNS210.014503.06E-006HarstonandChang,1965HongollanmaleNS560.048503.91E-005HarstonandChang,1965HongollanmaleNS1830.090005.62E-005HarstonandChang,1965HongollanmaleNS3650.08500NSHarstonandChang,1965HongollanmaleNS6450.117507.66E-005HarstonandChang,1965HongollanmaleNS10.00400NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS140.00800NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS210.01200NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS280.02000NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS350.02800NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS490.04000NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS560.04500NSMcManusandZurich,1972HongollanmaleNS700.05300NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS840.05700NSMcManusandZurlch,1972HongollanmaleNS1050.06000NSMcManusandZurlch,1972Hongollanmale8010.002901.60E-009NorrlsandAdams,1972CD-.IlABLE3-8(cont.)-''""'""-'>SpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceAnimals(days)(kg)Mongolianmale76100.007401.69E·-008NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale72200.011905.29E-008NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale87300.018709.00E-008NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale73400.026102.70E-007NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale29500.035003.48E-007NorrisandAdams,1972Hongol1anmale41600.043105.l8E-007NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale26700.046308.lOE-007NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale12800.050903.28E-006NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale25900.058108.28E-007NorrisandAdams,1972Hongol1anmale251000.05850l.6lE-006NorrisandAdams,1972wMongollanmale251100.057702.79E-006NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale151200.062002.62E-006NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale121300.060003.76E-006NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale271400.06470l.23E-006NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianmale151500.061702.37E-006NorrisandAdams,1972Mongolianboth20NS0.01740l.OOE-008Arrington,1968Mongolianboth202150.061252.64E·-006Harriman,l969aMongolianboth18NS0.061256.60E-005McManus,1972MongolianNSNS10.00280NSMcManus,1971MongolianNSNS70.00570NSMcManus.1971MongolianNSNS140.00920NSHcHanus•1971MongolianNSNS210.01290NSMcManus,1971MongolianNSNS280.01860NSMcManus,1971MongolianNSNS1050.05880NSMcManus,1971H.erassusNSNS10.003502.50E-007lane-Peteretal.,1967H.crassusNSNSadult0.105005.06E-004Lane-Peteretal.,19670-'""'NSNS10.005505.63E-007Lane-Peteretal.,196711bycus'H.1ibycusNSNSadult0.100004.00E-004Lane-Peteretal.,1967CCI-.J_.I.DI.D_,>Spcc1espcrsicusM.persicusM.sacrament\M.tr\stram1H.tr\s t ranttvtnogradoviv\nogradoviwINS=Notspec\fiedN0I.D........0N........CXI-..ISexNo.ofAn\ma1 sNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSTABLE3-8(cont.)AgeWeightVar\anceReference(days)(kg)10.00500NSLane-Peteretal.,19&7adult0.110002.25E-004Lane-Peteretal.,19&7adult0.20000l.41E-003Lane-Peteretal.,19&710.00300NSLane-Peteretal.•19&7adult0.105005.0bE-004Lane-Peteretal.,19&710.00300NSLane-Peteretal.,19&7adult0.15000b.25E-004Lane-Peteretal.,19&7

# 0.12 

# •

o.u

0.1 

# • • ; 

# I 0.09



# o.oe**~** 0.07

i

n 

# 0.06

k**0.0~** 

# '

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5 

# 3.0

AGI IH YIARS



# FIGURE 3-40



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male Mongol1an Gerb1ls

1991A 3-123 

# 09/02/87

# 0.1 

# •

0.09 

# ;

0.08



# r •

0.07

H 

# 0.06 T

l

n 

# 0.05

K 

# ' 0.04



# 0.03



# 0.02

0.01



# 0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5 3.0

A'I 

# IH 'l'IARS



# FIGURE 3-41

Recommended Growth Curve for Female Mongol1an Gerb1ls

1991A 3-124 09/02/87

# by Marston and Chang (1965) are somewhat h1gher than those reported by

Arr1ngton et al. (1973). Since these records were made at different Urnes

and probably under different holding condH 1 ons and using different d1 et s.

all of the reported weights are used in recommending body we1ght values.

Using the recommended age at wean1ng of 21 days, recommended subchron1c

body we1ghts for males and females are 0.48 and 0.40 kg, respectively; the

correspond1ng recommended chronic body we1ghts are 0.843 and 0.728 kg,

respecUvely.

Recommended values are not proposed for the strains of gerb1ls for which

b1rth and mature body we1ghts are reported (Lane-Peter et al., 1967),

because these strains are not generally used 1n tox1cHy stud1es. Such

values could be der1ved eas1ly, if 

# needed, us1ng the approach taken for

hamsters. The data reported by Lane-Peter et al. (1967) suggest that

d1fferent stra1ns of gerb1ls, 11ke d1fferent stra1ns of many other species,

can vary markedly in body we1ght, and that the body we1ght values recommended above should be used only for the Mongol1an gerb11.

3.3. OTHER LABORATORY MAMMALS

3.3.1. Cats. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body we1ght

for cats. A recommended body we1ght of 3.3 kg has been given byARS/SpragueDawley (1974). Body we1ght and growth data on cats are summar1zed in Table

3-9. This table does not 1nclude data by Lat1mer and Ibsen (1932) as cited

by Altman and DHtmer (1972). The more recent data are s1milar to these

earlier data and are for greater numbers of an1mals. Although cats are

w1dely used in experimental research and are among the most common domest1c

pets, growth data over the 15-year recommended 11fespan of the cat have not

been documented. Th1s 1s not a serious limitaUon because most toxicHy

studies on cats are conducted over only a small portion of the lifespan of

1991A 3-125 09/02/87TABLE 3-9

**~** Growth and Body Weight Data on Cats

1.0

1.0

**~** l> Specles Sex No. of Age Welght Varlance Reference

Animals (days) (kg)

Mlxed male 8 NS 4.10000 l.OOEOOOO laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 9 NS 4.10000 1.21EOOOO laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 6 NS 4.20000 1.44EOOOO laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 10 NS 4.20000 8.1 OE -001 laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 6 NS 4.30000 1. 21EOOOO laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 6 NS 4.30000 1.21EOOOO laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 12 NS 4.30000 8.10E-001 laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 12 NS 4.40000 8.10E-001 laton et al .• 1984

Mixed male 6 NS 4.50000 1.21EOOOO laton et al., 1984

**~** Ml xed male 12 NS 4.50000 8 .lOE -001 laton et al., 1984

**~** Mixed male 5 NS 4.60000 1.21EOOOO laton et al., 1984

0"1 Mlxed male 5 NS 4.60000 1.44EOOOO laton et al., 1984

Mlxed male 5 NS 4.60000 1.44EOOOO laton et al., 1984

Mlxed both NS 105 1. 20700 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

Mlxed both NS 135 1. 57700 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

Mlxed both NS 165 1. 71800 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

Mlxed both NS 195 1.89300 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

Mlxed both NS 225 2.17500 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

Mlxed both NS 270 2.22800 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

Mlxed both NS 365 2.57400 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

Mlxed both NS 395 2.78100 NS Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

NS **ft~nlcll** e many 1 0.12500 NS Olovson, 1986

NS female many 70 0.99000 NS Olovson, 1986

0 NS female many 140 2.30000 NS Olovson. 1986

..o NS

........ female many 210 3.00000 NS Olovson. 1986

**~** NS female many 280 3.10000 NS Olovson, 1986

' NS

OJ female many 343 3.10000 NS Olovson, 1986

-.ITABLE 3-9 (cont.)

-'

..0

..0

-'

> Spec 1es Sex No. of Age We1ght Variance Reference

An1ma 1 s (days) (kg)

NS male many 1 0.12500 NS Olovson, 1986

NS male many 70 1.12500 NS Olovson. 1986

NS male many 140 2.85000 NS Olovson, 1986

NS male many 210 3.80000 NS Olovson. 1986

NS male many 280 4.20000 NS 01ovson, 1986

NS male many 343 4.00000 NS Olovson. 1986

NS both 70 1 0.10500 2.64E-004 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

NS both 70 5 0.16700 1.09E-003 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

NS both 70 10 0. 21700 1.48E-003 Lane-Peter et al .• 1967

w NS both 70 15 0.26400 1 .60E -003 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

**~** NS both 70 20 0.31000 2.65E-003 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

"' NS both 70 25 0.35500 3.97E-003 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

-.1

NS both 70 30 0.39800 4.13E -003 Lane-Peter et al •• 1967

NS both 70 35 0.44200 6. 81E -003 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

NS both 70 40 0.49000 8. 24E -003 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

NS both 70 45 0.54300 9.36E-003 Lane-Peter et al .• 1967

NS both 70 50 0.60400 1.48E-002 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

NS NS 6 547 3.62000 3.61E-002 Gaut 1er. 1986

NS NS 6 4 0.17100 1. 94E -003 Hortola, 1983

NS NS 4 2 0.11880 5.04E-005 Hortola, 1984

NS NS 6 NS 3.25000 5.06E-002 Siafakas et al .• 1983

55 NS **~** Not spec1f1ed

' 0 N

' a> -.1

# the cat. Thus. as with experimental rodents. subchronic and chronic recommended body weights will be based on 90 and 730 days postweaning. using the

recommended age at weaning of 49 days.

Recommended growth data for male and female cats are presented in

Figures 3-42 and 3-43, respectively. Both curves are based on a combination

of the early (day 1-50) growth data given by Lane-Peter et al. (1967) for

both sexes combined and the growth data given by Olovson (1986). Olovson

(1986) provides detailed growth curves for male and female cats from birth

to 49 weeks of age. Representative points are included in Figures 3-42 and

3-43. Female weight begins to plateau by 26 weeks at -3.0 kg and increases

slowly after this period. Male weight peaks after -40 weeks at 4.2 kg and

declines to -4.0 kg by 49 weeks. These sex-specific patterns are similar to

those discussed in Section 3.2. for laboratory rodents. For recommending

reference values, Figure 3-42 extends the male weight, assuming that the

weight remains at 4.0 kg, and Figure 3-43 extends the female weight,

assuming that the weight remains at 3.1 kg.

Using the growth curves from these figures, recommended subchronic body

weights for males and females are 1.72 and 1.49 kg, respectively, and corresponding chronic body weights are 3.66 and 2.96 kg. The chronic weights

bracket the recommended value of 3.3 kg from ARS/Sprague-Dawley (1974).

Mature body weights of 4.0 and 3.1 kg are recommended for males and females,

respectively.

The body weights reported by Taton et al. (1984). which are for mature

male cats, are all higher (by 2.5-15%) than the recommended adult male

weight used above. As with other species. substantial variations among

populations of animals may be expected.

l991A 3-128 09/02/87

# 0.5 1.0 1. 5 

# 2.0 2.5

"'I I t4 

# 'tEARS



# FIGURE 3-42

Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Cats

1991A 3-129 09/02167

# 3.5



# •• • • • • • •

3



# r 2.5

H

T 2

i

n

l 

# 1.5 

# '

t

0.5

0.5 t.O 1.5 

# 2.0 2.5**~~** 

# IH YIAIS



# FIGURE 3-43



# Recommended Growth Curve for Female Cats

1991A 3-130 09/02/87

# 3.3.2. Dogs. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body weight

for dogs. Values reported in the literature are 10.0 kg (Lehman, 1959),

12.7 kg (Hertzberg and Dourson, 1983), 14.0 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley, 1974)

and 14.2 kg (Boxenbaum, 1983).

Body weight and growth data on dogs are summarized in Table 3-10 and

plotted in Figure 3-44. To provide better scaling of the graph, Figure 3-44

does not include the 58 kg male mongrel dog reported by Amoroso et al.

(1964). The only clear outliers, as illustrated in Figure 3-44, are German

Shepards, which are much larger and grow more rapidly than other strains of

dogs on which data are available. With this exception, other strains of

dogs for which growth data have been reported grow at similar rates and are

about the same size as beagles. Since the beagle is by far the most

commonly used strain of dog in toxicity studies, this is the only strain for

which body weight values will be recommended. Other strain-specific body

weights could be derived, based on the data summarized in Table 3-10.

All available growth data on beagle dogs are plotted in Figure 3-45.

Much of the apparent scatter, while not atypical for growth data, is eliminated by excluding data where sex is not specified or where data on both

sexes are combined. With these exclusions, the only outlying data are that

reported by Mauderly (1974), which give lower weights for male and female

beagles than would be expected, based on the data given in other reports.

Thus, the data reported by Mauderly (1974) are not used in recommending

values for risk assessment.

Recommended growth curves for male and female beagle dogs are presented

in Figures 3-46 and 3-47, respectively. Both of these curves are based on a

combination of the data reported by Altman and Dittmer (1974), NAS (1971)

and Worden et al. (1975). Although the first two of these publications are

l991A 3-131 09/02/87TABLE 3-10

Growth and Body We\ght Data on Dogs

_, !,A) !,A) _, > Spedes Sex No. of Age We\ght Var1ance Reference

An1mals

(days) (kg)

A1rdale both 4 NS 2.&0000 4.00E-002 Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939

Alrdale

both 4 NS 6.00000 5.&3E-001 Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939

A1rdale

both 4 NS 10.50000 5. &3E -001 Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939

Alrda1e

both 4 NS 13.70000 1.82(0000 Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939

Alrdale

both 4 NS H.65000 2 .81(0000 Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939

BasenJ1 male 23 1 0.29000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

Basenji

male 23 7 0.49000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

Basenji

male 23 14 0.13000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

Basenj

1 male 23 21 0.93000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

BasenJ 1 male 23 28 1.12000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

Basenjt

male 23 35 1.29000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

BasenJt

male 23 42 1.51000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

BasenJt

male 23 49 1.83000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

BasenJt

male 23 56 2.30000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

BasenJt

male 23 &3 2.79000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

(...,) BasenJ1 male 23 70 3.29000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

I BasenJ 1 male 23 84 4.49000 NR Altman and DHtmer, 1974

_, BasenJ t male 23 98 5.&&000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

(...,) 1'\.) BasenJ1 male 23 112 6.57000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

BasenJ t female 27 1 0.27000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

Basenj1

female 27 7 0.43000 NR

**~ltman** and D1ttmer, 1974

BasenJt

female 27 14 0.&5000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

BasenJt

female 27 21 0.82000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

Basenjt

female 27 28 0.9&000 NR Altman and D1ttmer, 1974

Basenjt

female 27 35 1.14000 NR Altman and D,ttmer, 1974

BasenJ t female 27 42 1.37000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

Basenjt

female 27 49 1. 72000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

BasenJ 1 female 27 56 2.13000 NR Altman and DHtmer, 1974

BasenJ t female 27 &3 2.51000 NR Altman and Dtttmer, 1974

Basenj1

female 27 70 2.9&000 NR Altman and D,ttmer, 1974

BasenJ 1 female 27 84 3.97000 NR Altman and D,ttmer, 1974

BasenJ1

female 27 98 4.97000 NR Altman and Dittmer, 1974

BasenJ1

female 27 112 5.51000 NR Altman and Dittmer, 1974

Beagle female 50 39& 8.40000 1.21EOOOO ltluderly, 1974

Beagle

female 10 1278 10.00000 1.9&[0000 "auderly, 1974

Beagle

female 35 3375 10.90000 &.25EOOOO "auder ly, 1974

0 !,A) Beagle female NS 30 1.00000 NS NAS, 1911

......

0 Beagle female NS &0 2.70000 NS NAS, 1911

1'\.) ...... Beagle female NS 90 4.00000 NS NAS, 1911

(X) Beagle female NS 120 5.50000 NS NAS, 1971

...,JTABLE3-10(cont.).......0SpedesSexNo.ofAgeWe,ghtYar,anceReference..0An,mals(days).(kg).....>BeaglefemaleNS1809.50000NSNAS,1971BeaglefemaleNS2109.80000NSNAS,1971BeaglefemaleNS24010.00000NSNAS,1971Beaglefemale7NS10.600002.03E-001Romasetal.,1981Beaglefemale7NS10.850007.56(-002Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale7NS10.90000l.&OE-001Romosetal..1981Beaglefemale7NS11.000001.22E-001Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale3NS11.050005.06(-002Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale7NS11.400009.00E-002Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale7NS11.700006.25E-002Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale11NS11.850001.06E-001Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale11NS12.000001.flOE-001Romosetal••1981Beaglefemale7NS12.550007.56(-002Romosetal••1981Beaglefemale11NS12.800002.50(-001Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale7NS13.450001.06E-001Romosetal.,1981Beaglefemale7NS14.100009.00(-002Romosetal.•1981Beaglefemale41207.10000NSWordenetal.,1975(..)Beaglefemale41769.20000NSWordenetal.,1975I.....Beaglefemale423210.10000NSWordenetal.,1975(..)Beaglefemale428810.20000NSWordenetal.,1975(..)Beaglefemale434410.50000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglefemale440010.80000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglefemale445610.90000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglefemale456811.80000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglefemale468011.80000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglefemale479213.00000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglemale5039610.00000NS"auderly,1974Beaglemale10127812.000001.44EOOOO"auderly,1974BeaglemaleNS301.50000NSNAS,1971BeaglemaleNS603.50000NSNAS,1971BeaglemaleNS906.00000NSNAS,1971BeaglemaleNS1207.80000NSNAS,1971BeaglemaleNS1509.80000NSNAS,1971BeaglemaleNS18011.00000NSNAS,1971BeaglemaleNS21011.80000NSNAS,1971BeaglemaleNS24012.50000NSNAS,19710Beaglemale41207.80000NSWordenetal.,1975......0Beaglemale417610.50000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglemale423212.20000NSWordenetal.,1975......Beaglemale428812.30000NSWordenetal.,1975Q:)-..JTABLE3-10(cont.).....1.0Spec1esSexNo.ofAgeWe\ghtVar1anceReference1.0.....Anfmals(days)(kg)>Deaglemale434412.40000NSWordenetal.,1975Beaglemale440012.40000NSWordenetal.,1975Deaglemale45&812.90000NSWordenetal.,1975Deaglemale412&12.50000NSWordenetal.,1975Deaglemale479212.70000NSWordenetal.,1975Deagleboth4180&.40000liSDorzellecaetal••19MDeagleboth42119.&0000liSBorzellecaetal.,19&4Deagleboth43&29.90000NSDorzellecaetal.,19&4Beagleboth445310.40000NSDorzellecaetal.,1964Deagleboth45459.90000NSDorzellecaetal.,19&4Beagleboth4&359.60000NSDorzellecaetal.,19&4Deagleboth412&10.00000NSBorzellecaetal.,19&4Beagleboth481110.70000NSBorzellecaetal.,19&4Deagleboth490811.30000NSBorzellecaetal.,1964Beagleboth10039&9.100001.96EOOOOltluder1y,1974Beagleboth20127B11.100002.25EOOOOMauderly,1974(..)Beagleboth123&49.000002.B9EOOOOltluderlyetal.,1979I.....(..)BeagleNSNS1NAS,1971.jilo0.30000NSBeagleNSNS&12.80000NSNAS,1971BeagleNSNS1225.30000&.25E-002NAS,1971BeagleNSliS1837.150003.06E-002MAS,1971BeagleNSNS2438.250005.06E-002NAS,1971BeagleNSNS3049.30000l.OOE-002NAS,1971BeagleNSNS3659.80000I2.25E-002NAS,1971BeagleNS392109.100001.69EOOOOP1ckre11etal.,1971Deaglemale3910.31000NRAltmanand0\ttmer,1974Beaglemale3910.55000NRAltmanand0\ttmer,1974Beaglemale39140.80000NRAltmanand0\ltmer,1974Beaglemale39211.08000NRAltmanandOtttmer,1974Beaglemale39281.30000NRAltmanand0\ttmer,1974Beaglemale39351.67000NRAltmanandD'ttmer,1974Beaglemale39422.05000NRAltmanand0\ttmer,1974Beaglemale39492.51000NRAltmanandD,ttmer,1974Beaglemale39562.95000NRAltmanandO,ttmer,19740Beaglemale39&33.31000NRAltmanandO,ttmer,19741.0'Beaglemale39703.81000NRAltmanandOiltmer,19740Beaglemale39844.80000NRAltmanandO,ttmer,1974I'\)'Beaglemale39985.71000NRAltmanandO,ttmer,1974c:oBeaglemale39112&.52000NRAltmanandD'ttmer,1974....,TABLE3-10(cont.)-'I.DSpeciesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceI.D-'Animals(days)(kg)>Beaglefemale3110.30000NRAltmanand1974Beaglefemale3170.52000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31140.77000NRAltmanandOlttmer,1974Beaglefemale31211.02000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31281.26000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31351.50000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31421.82000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31492.240DONRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31562.63000NRAltmanand1974Beaglefemale31632.98000NRAltmanand1974Beaglefemale31703.36000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31844.34000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974Beaglefemale31985.10000NRAltmanandOlttmer,1974Beaglefemale311125.75000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale3110.24000NRAltmanandDltt111er,1974CockerSpanielmale3170.41000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31140.62000NRAltmanandOlttmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31210.80000NRAltmanandDlttmer,1974(..)CockerSpanielmale31281.04000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974I-'CockerSpanielmale31351.35000NRAltmanandDIttmer,1974(..)U'lCockerSpanielmale31421.82000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31492.28000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31562.83000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31633.27000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31703.78000NRAltmanandDlttmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31844.88000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale31985.93000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielmale311126.82000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale3710.24000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale3770.41000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37140.62000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37210.80000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37281.04000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37351.35000NRAltmanandDlttllll'r,1974CockerSpanielfemale37421.74000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37492.14000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37562.56000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37632.95000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CockerSpanielfemale37703.39000NRAltmanandDittmer,19740CockerSpan1e1female37844.27000NRAltmanandDittmer,19741.0CockerSpanielfemale37985.08000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974'0CockerSpanielfemale371125.77000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974"->'CD....JTABLE3-10(cont.)_.o.OSpeclesSexNo.ofAgeWelghtYarlanceReferenceo.O_.Anlmals(days)(kg)>GermanShepherdmale2210.(9000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale221O.B7000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale221(1.(3000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale22212.0&000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale22282.95000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale22353.88000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale22(25.00000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale22(9NSNRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale225&11.50000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale22&3NSNRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale227016.00000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale228(20.00000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale22982(.50000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdmale2211228.25000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdfemaleH1NSNRAltmanandDHtmer,19HGermanShepherdfemaleH10.50000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdfemaleH1(0.89000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdfemaleH211.(&000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197((..)GermanShepherdfemaleH282.0?000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(IGermanShepherdfemale1(352.8(000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(_.GermanShepherdfemaleH(23.77000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197((..)C1'GermanShepherdfemaleH(9(.52000NRAltmanandDHtmer,197(GermanShepherdfemaleH5&13.00000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdfemale1(&3NSNRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdfemaleH7017.00000NRAltmanandDlttmer,19HGermanShepherdfemaleH8(20.75000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdfemaleH982(.00000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GermanShepherdfemaleH11(27.25000NRAltmanandDlttmer,197(GreatDaneboth2NS5.78000NSArnoldandElvehjem,1939GreatDaneboth2NS11.50000NSArnoldandElvehjem,1939GreatDaneboth2NS18.(0000NSArnoldandElvehjem,1939GreatDaneboth2NS2(.00000NSArnoldandElvehjem,1939GreatDaneboth2NS30.20000NSArnoldandElvehjem,1939GreatDaneboth2NS3(.?0000NSArnoldandElvehjem,1939GreatDaneboth2NS39.00000NSArnoldandElvehjem,1939"ongrelfemale13&5013.50000NSAnorosoetal.,19&("ongrelmale1H&O59.00000NSAmorosoetal.,19&(0"ongrelfemale1NS15.90000NSGolobetal.,1977\0"ongrelfemale1NS15.90000NSGolobeta1.,1977........01'\.)NSboth8NS2(.00000fi.(OEOOOlBrownetal.,198(........Ctl....,JTABlE3-10(cont.).....<DSpeclesSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference<D.....Animals(days)(kg)>NSNSI)40.498001.19E-002Mortola,1983NSNS310.291204.b2E-004"ortola,1964ShetlandSheepdogmalelS10.21000NRAlt111anandDlttmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmalelS10.39000NRAltmanandDHtmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmalelS140.58000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15210.76000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15281.04000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15351.47000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15421.92000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmalelS492.42000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15562.92000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15633.44000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15703.92000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale15844.96000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1914ShetlandSheepdogmale15965.93000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogmale151126.96000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdog141o.:woooNRAltmanandDittmer,1974<..:>ShetlandSheepdogfemale1470.36000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974IShetlandSheepdogfemale14140.55000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974.....ShetlandSheepdogfemale14210.13000NRAltmanandDittmer.1974<..:>.....ShetlandSheepdogfemale14280.97000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale14351.27000NRAltmanandDHtmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale14421.67000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale14492.06000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale14562.44000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale14632.83000NRAltmanandDittmer,1914ShetlandSheepdogfemale14703.23000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale14844.04000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale14984.86000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ShetlandSheepdogfemale141125.67000NRAltmanandDittmer,1914WireHairedFoxTerriermale2110.19000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974WireHairedFoxTerriermale211o.37000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974WireHairedFoxTerriermale21140.57000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974WireHairedFoxTerriermale21210.17000NRAllmanandDittmer,1974WireHairedFoxTerriermale21281.01000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974WireHairedFoxTerriermale21351.26000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974WireHairedFoxTerriermale21421.59000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974WireHatredFoxTerriermale21491.94000NRAltmanandDittmer,19740WireHairedFoxTerriermale215&2.25000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974<D'WireHairedFoxTerriermale21632.55000NRAltmanandDittmer,19740WireHairedFoxTerriermale21702.94000NRAltmanandDittmer,19741'\)'WireHairedFoxTerriermale21843.73000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974ccWireHairedFoxTerriermale21984.45000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974.....WireHairedFoxTerriermale211125.14000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974.....\D\D.....>(.,')I.....(.,')00c\D'c1'\,)'00-JSpec1esSexNo.ofAn1mahW1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23ShortHa1redFoxTerrlerfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23W1reHa1redFoxTerr1erfemale23NS•Notspec1f1ed;NR=notreportedTABlE3-10(cont.)AgeWe1ghtYar1anceReference(days)(kg)10.19000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,197410.36000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1974140.56000NRAltmanandDH1974210.74000NRAltmanandDHtmer,1974280.96000NRAltmanandDHtmer,1974351.20000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1974421.46000NRAltmanand01ttmer.1974491.79000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1974562.10000NRAltmanand01ttmer,1974632.37000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1974702.71000NRAltmanandD1tlmer,1974843.42000NRAltmanandD1ltmer.1974984.02000NRAltmanand01ttmer,19741124.59000NRAltmanandD1ttmer,1974

# ~



# r 20

H



# T

i

n 

# 15

l



# c;

10

5



# 1991A 

# • •

• •

•

•

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0**~~** 

# IH YEARS



# FIGURE 3-44



# Growth Data on Dogs

(See Table 3-10 for data po1nts and references)

3-139 09/02/87

# 15

1.

13



# 12 

# f 11 

# • i•

10

H 9 T

i 

# e

n



# l 

# 7



# c 6



# 5



# 4

3

2



# 1

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0**~~** 

# JH YIARS



# FIGURE 3-45



# Growth Data on Beagle Dogs

(All data reported 1n Table 3-10)

1991A 3-140 09/02/87

# 13 

# • • I 

# • • •

12

11



# 10 

# I

9

# ~ 8

i 

# 7 

# "

l 

# ' 

# ' :5

4



# 3

2

1



# 0.:5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5**~I"** 

# YIA!S



# FIGURE 3-46



# Recommended Growth Curve for Male Beagle Dogs

1991A 3-141 

# 09/02/87

# 13

12



# u

10 

# I

9



# ¥ 8

i 

# 7



# n

X 

# 6 

# '

5

4



# 3



# 2

1



# 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

AtDI I H 

# YEARS



# FIGURE 3-47



# Recommended Growth Curve for Female Beagle Dogs

1991A 3-142 09/02/87

# secondary sources, they appear to be based on different sets of data that

are nonetheless remarkably consistent. As with cats and rodents, sexspecific differences \n growth patterns are evident. Male beagles grow more

rapidly than females, and the growth of males shows a definite plateau after

-7 months, while the growth rate of females slows, but does not plateau, at

about the same t\me.

Growth data are not available over the 15-year recommended lifespan of

the beagle. Because toxicity studies on beagles seldom encompass the lifespan, recommended subchronic and chronic body weights will be based on 90

and 730 days postweaning, as was done with cats and experimental rodents.

using the recommended age for beagles at weaning of 42 days.

Using the growth curves for Figures 3-46 and 3-47. recommended subchronic body weights for male and female beagles are 2.4 and 1.97 kg, respectively, and the corresponding chronic body weights are 10.8 and 10.1 kg.

For deriving recommended body weights over a greater portion of the lifespan, mature body weights of 14 kg for both male and female beagles are

proposed.

3.3.3. Rabbits. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body weight

for rabbits. Growth and body weight data on rabbits are summarized in Table

3-11 and plotted in Figure 3-48. Other body weights reported in the literature include 3.7 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley, 1974), 2.0 kg (Lehman, 1959) and

2.55 kg (Boxenbaum, 1983).

Body weights for rabbits (Sanford, 1979) are somewhat lower than most

other we\ghts for rabbits of comparable ages. The weights for the 46- and

82-day-old Dutch rabbits (Arrington et al .• 1974) are consistent with the

growth data given by Sanford ( 1979). and the weights of Dutch rabbits (age

not specified) (Cizek, 1961) are all well below the mature weights reported

1991A 3-143 09/02/87lABLE3-11GrowthandBodyWeightDataonRabbits_,""""_,>StrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferl!'nceAnimals(days}(kg}Alblno•CBNS11NS2.80000NSBruce,1950Californiaboth2010.05000NSGamaneta1.,1970Californiaboth2010.14000NSGamaneta1.,1970Californiaboth20140.22500NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth20210.30000NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth20280.50000NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth20350.77000NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth20420.97500NSGamaneta1.,1970CaHfornlaboth9421.10000NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth9561.45000NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth18561.45000NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth18631.52500NSGamaneta1.,1970Californiaboth18101.77500NSGamanetal.,1970Californiaboth9701.95000NSGamaneta1.,1970Cal!Forniaboth18112.00000NSGamanetal.,1970(..)Californiaboth9842.20000NSGamanetal.,1970I_,Dutchfemale6NS1.79000NSCizek,1961..JIIo..JIIoDutchfemale6NS1.89000NSChek,1961Dutchfemale6NS1.91i000NSCizek,1961Dutchfemale6NS2.07000NSChek,1961Dutchfemale6NS2.13000NSCizek,1961Dutchfemale12NS2.165002.83E-001Cizek,1961Dutchfemale6NS2.19000NSChek,1961Dutchfemale6NS2.18000NSCizek,1961Dutchfemale6NS2.19000NSChek,1961Dutchfemale6NS2.30000NSCizek,1961Outchfemale6NS2.32000NSChP.k,1961Dutchfemale12NS2.571002.41E-001Cizek,1961Dutchmale12NS1.799007.39(-002Chek,1961Dutchmale6NS1.91000NSChek,1961Dutchmale6NS1.95000NSCizek,1961Dutchmall!'12NS2.002001.73(-001Cizek,1961Dutchmale6NS1.09000NSCizek,1961Dutchmale6NS2.16000NSCizek,1961Dutchmale6NS2.19000NSCizek,19610Dutchmale6NS2.20000NSCizek,1961""Dutchmale6NS2.21.'000NSClzek,1961......0Dutchmale6NS2.23000NSCizek,1961I\.)Dutchmale6NS2.23000NSCizek,191il......(X)Dutchmale6NS2.27000NSCizek,191il......,TABLE3-11(cont.)_.1.01.0StrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference_.>Animals(days)(kg)Dutchboth24460.8B100NSArringtonetal.,1974Dutchboth24B21.40000NSArringtonetal.,1974DutchNSnNS2.10000NSBruce,1950HimalayanNS16NS1.90000NSBruce,1950lopEaredNS10NS3.50000NSBruce,1950NewZealandWhitefemale10NS2.400004.00E-002Barbeeetal.,1984NewZealandWhitefemale10NS2.BOOOO4.00E-002Barbeeetal.,19B4NewZealandWhitefemale10NS3.300004.00E-002Barbeeetal.,19B4NewZealandWhitefemale10NS3.400009.00E-002Barbeeetal.,19B4NewZealandWhitefemale10NS3.BOOOO9.00E-002Barbeeetal.,19B4NewZealandWhitemale10NS3.200004.00E-002Barbeeetal.,1984NewZealandWhitemale10NS3.500004.00E-002Barbeeetal.,19B4NewZealandWhitemale10NS3.600004.00E-002Barbeeetal.,19B4(,.)NewZealandWhitemale10NS3.900009.00E-002Barbeeetal.,1984INewZealandWhitemale10NS2.90000l.OOE-002Barbeeetal.,1984_..,.c.nNewZealandWhitebothmany10.06500NRAltmanand1974NewZealandWhitebothmany10.14600NRAltmanand1974NewZealandWhitebothmany140.26000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhitebothmany210.35700NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhitebothmany2B0.5BJOONRAltmanandDIttmer,1974NewZealandWhitebothmany350.91600NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhitebothmany421.25000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhitebothmany491.56000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhitebothmany561.15000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhiteboth99B3.000004.00E-002Mauderlyetal.,1979NewZealandWhiteboth1310.102002.56E-006Spenceretal.,1985NewZealandWhiteboth12140.11BOO9.00E-006Spenceretal.,1985NewZealandWhiteboth21210.299002.60E-005Spenceretal.,1985NewZealandWhitemaleNS561.95000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhitemaleNS702.32000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974cNewZealandWhitemaleNSB42.67000NRAltmanandDittmer,19741.0NewZealandWhitemaleNS982.9BOOONRAltmanandDIttmer,1974.....cNewZealandWhitemaleNS1123.13000NRAltmanandDittmer,19741'\.).....NewZealandWhitemaleNS1363.30000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974CD....,NewZealandWhitemaleNS1503.45000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974TABLE3-11(cont.)-I\,£)\,£)Stra\nSexNo.ofAgeWe\ghtVar\anceReference.....>An\mals(days)(kg)NewZealandWhitemaleNS1643.53000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWh\temaleNS1783.61000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWh\temaleNS1923.73000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWh\tefemaleNS51'>2.04000NRAltmanandD\ttmer,1974NewZealandWh\tefemaleNS702.37000NRAltmanandD\ttmer,1974NewZealandWhitefemaleNS842.72000NRAltmanandDittmer.1974NewZealandWhitefemaleNS963.05000NRAltmanandD\ttmer,1974NewZealandWh\tefemaleNS1123.26000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWh1tefemaleNS1363.49000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWh\tefemaleNS1503.70000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWh\tefemaleNS1643.85000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWhitefemaleNS1184.00000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandWh\tefemaleNS1924.08000NRAltmanandDittmer,1974NewZealandmale25521.95000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandmale25592.00000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandmale25732.36000NSTempleton,1968(.,.)NewZealandmale25872.17000NSTempleton,1968.INewZealandmale251013.09000NSTempleton.1968......,..NewZealandmale251153.18000NSTempleton,1968""NewZealandmale251293.32000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandmale251433.41000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandmale251573.52000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandmale251113.59000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale13522.04000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale13592.23000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale13732.41000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale13872.86000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale131013.18000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale131153.27000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale131293.59000NSTempleton.1968NewZealandfemale131433.73000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale131573.91000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale131714.05000NSTempleton,1968NewZealandfemale131864.08000NSTempleton.1968NSbothNS560.96500NSSanford,1979cNSbothNS701.28000NSSanford,19791.0NSbothNS841.62000NSSanford,1979'NSbothNS1122.10000NSSanford,1'979c"'NSbothNS1262.27000NSSanford,1'979'NSbothNS1402.41000NSSanford,1979=.....,NSbothNS1542.67000NSSanford,1979""""'1.0'1.0.....>(,)I......,........,0'1.0'0'Cl:l......,StrainSexNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSNSSeveralNSWIldfemaleWildfemaleWildfemaleW11dmaleWildmaleWildmaleNS=Notspecified;NR=notreportedNo.ofAnllllillsNSNSNS7NSNSNSNS945933402255TABLE3-11(cont.)AgeWeightVarianceReference(days)(kg)421.00000NSDavidsonandSpreadbury,1975531.50000NSDavidsonandSpreadbury,1975632.00000NSDavidsonandSpreadbury,1975110.183001.71>E-003FisherandMortola,1981NS2.50000NSKennaway,1943NS2.50000NSKennaway,1943NS2.50000NSKennaway,1943NS2.40000NSlane-Petereta1.,191>740.102001.37E-OOOMorto1a,198320.079303.20E-004Mortola,1984NS2.40000NSBruce,1950NSl.300002.50E-003Boyd,1985NS1.600002.50E-003Boyd,1985l0.03500l.21E-00f)Boyd,1985NS1.550001>.25E-004Boyd,1985NS1.700002.50E-003Boyd,198510.037006.40E-007Boyd,1985

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# Growth Data on Rabb1ts 

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# 09/02/87

# for New Zealand White rabbits. Th1s suggests that the growth data on New

Zealand White rabbits may not be appropr1ate for est1mating the growth of

Dutch rabbits. Based on the report by Gaman et al. (1970), Cal1forn1a

rabb1ts appear to be somewhat l1ghter than New Zealand Wh1te rabb1ts. S1nce

the New Zealand White rabbit 1s by far the most commonly used strain of

rabbit 1n tox1city stud1es, recommended body we1ghts w1ll be proposed only

for th1s stra1n.

Recommended growth curves for male and female New Zealand White rabbits

are g1ven 1n F1gures 3-49 and 3-50, respect1vely. These f1gures both use

the early growth data reported by Altman and Dittmer ( 1974) and Spencer et

al. (1985) for males and females comb1ned, as well as the sex-specH1c

growth data reported by Altman and Dittmer (1974) and Templeton (1968) for

older an1mals. The sex-spec1f1c growth data reported by Altman and D1ttmer

(1974) are attr1buted to unpubl1shed data from Templeton (1968), are s1m1lar

to the data reported directly by Templeton (1968), and may be for the same

group of animals.

As w1th cats and dogs, growth data are not ava1lable over the reference

lHespan of 6 years for rabbits. Since tox1city stud1es are rarely conducted over the lHespan of rabbits, subchron1c and chron1c body weights

w1ll be recommended for periods of 90 days and 730 days postweaning, respectively, us1ng a recommended age at weaning of 56 days. The growth curves

are extended by assum1ng mature adult we1ghts of 4.0 and 4.2 kg for males

and females, respect1vely. Using these assumpt1ons and the growth curve

g1ven 1n Figure 3-49, the recommended chron1c and subchron1c body we1ghts

for the male New Zealand rabbit are 2.86 and 3. 76 kg, respect1vely. The

correspond1ng values for female New Zealand White rabbits are 3.1 and 3.93

kg, based on the same assumpt1ons and the growth curve g1ven in F1gure 3-50.

1991A 3-149 09/02/87

# 4



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1991A 3-150 09/02/87

# 0.5 1.0 1.5 

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# FIGURE 3-50

Recommended Growth Curve for Female New Zealand Wh1te Rabb1ts

1991A 3-151 09/02187

# 3.4. LIVESTOCK

Body and growth data on 11vestock are summarlzed in Table 3-12. Body

weight data on most stralns of livestock are provlded primarny to fadl1-

tate the demonstraUon of allometrlc relaUonshlps dlscussed 1n subsequent

sections of thls report. Nonetheless, 1nformat1on on the body welghts and

consumption patterns of 11vestock may be useful in rlsk assessments when an

attempt is made to estimate doses ln cases of accldental exposure of

llvestock to toxicants.

3.4.1. Cattle. Growth data on all stralns of cattle presented in Table

3-12 are plotted ln Figure 3-51. Hereford cattle are clear outners that

reach a mature body weight of -1200 kg, and the data on this breed are

presented separately in Figure 3-52. Other breeds of cattle on which data

are avallable reach mature body weights of -400-550 kg. Data on these

strains are summarlzed 1n Flgure 3-53. Because cattle are not used in

toxlcHy studies, recommended body weights other than mature body weights

are not der1ved.

3.4.2. Chickens. Growth data on all strains of chlckens summarhed in

Table 3-12 are plotted in Figure 3-54. The varlability in the body weights

and growth rates of chickens appears to be greater than in most other

species of animals included in this report. The smallest stralns are

crosses of "desi" and Whlte Leghorn strains reported in the Indlan literature (Sah et al .• 1984) and an unspecified strain of broiler chlcken

reported in the Eastern European lHerature (Knizetove et al., 1985). The

largest and fastest growing staln on whlch data are avallable is the Ross

broller (Prescott et al., 1985).

1991A 3-152 09/02/87TABLE3-12GrowthandBodyWeightDataonLivestock.....\D\D.....>SpeciesStrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightYarlanceReferenceAnimals(days)(kg)CattleGuernsey,fgfemale11460460.00000NSAmorosoetal.,1964CattleGuernsey,fgfemale12920410.00000NSAmorosoetal.,1964CattleJerseyfemale1730340.00000NSAmorosoetal.,1964CattleSeveral111c1lemany11294.00000NSTayloretal..1986CattleSeveralmalemany140111.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany158133.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany186159.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany224184.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany252210.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany276256.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany280233.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany336278.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany364299.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany392319.00000NSTayloretal.,1986CattleSeveralmalemany420338.00000NSTayloretal.,1986(..)CattleSeveralmalemany448358.00000NSTayloretal.,1986I.....CattleSeveralmalemany476376.00000NSTayloretal.,1986U"'(..)CattleAyrshirefemaleNS300200.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleAyrshirefemaleNS600300.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleAyrshirefemaleNS900360.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleAyrshirefemaleNS1200400.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleAyrshirefemaleNS1500425.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleAyrshirefemaleNS1800440.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleAyrshirefemaleNS2100450.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleAyrshirefemaleNS3600455.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS360780.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS720860.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNSlOBO960.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS14401030.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS18001100.00000NSCampbelland1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS21601140.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS25201150.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS2BBO1160.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHerefordfemaleNS32401155.00000NSCampbellandLasley,19750CattleHerefordfemaleNS36001140.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975\DCattleHerefordfemaleNS39601095.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975......01'\,)......CD..,JTABLE3-12(cont.)....J\.0SpeciesStrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference\.0....JAnimals(days)(kg)>CattleHolsteinfemaleNS300225.00000NSCampbellandLasley.1975CattleHolsteinfemaleNS600355.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHolsteinfemaleNS900425.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHolstetnfemaleNS1200475.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHolsteinfemaleNS1500505.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHolsteinfemaleNS1800525.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHolstelnfemaleNS2100535.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHolsteinfemaleNS2700540.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleHolsteinfemaleNS3600550.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975'CattleJerseyfemaleNS300200.00000NSCampbellandLasley.1975CattleJerseyfemaleNS600280.00000NSCampbellandLasley.1975CattleJerseyfemaleNS900340.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleJerseyfemaleNS1200370.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleJerseyfemaleNS1500390.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleJerseyfemaleNS1800415.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleJerseyfemaleNS3600420.00000NSCampbellandLasley,1975CattleNSNS20444.20000NSKertzetal.,1984(..:1CattleNSNS201144.43000NSKertzetal.,1984I....JCattleNSNS201844.11000NSKertzetal••1984V'l,..CattleNSNS202547.20000NSKertzetal.•1984CattleNSNS203152.65000NSKertzetal.,1984ChickenBroilerfemale321200.45000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilerfemale321800.60000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilerfemale322401.10000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilerfemale323602.15000NSKnlzetovaetal.•1985ChickenBroilerfemale324802.95000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilerfemale326003.50000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilerfemale326603.65000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBronerfemale327203.75000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985Ch1ckenBroilerfemale327803.80000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBronerfemale328403.80000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBronermale111200.45000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilermale111800.75000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilermale112401.20000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilermale113602.1'>0000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985ChickenBroilermale114804.00000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985cChickenBrollermale1161'>04.80000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985\.0ChickenBroilermale117205.05000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985........cChickenBroilermale117805.20000NSKnlzetovaetal.,19851'1.)ChickenBroilermale118405.25000NSKnlzetovaetal.,1985........c:c...,.jTARLE3-12(cont.).....\DSpeciesStrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReference\DAnimals(days)(kg).....>ChickenCornishfemaleNS10.03200NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS70.05900NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS140.10500NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS210.17200NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS280.25&00NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS35NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS42NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS49NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS5b0.&3&00NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS&3NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS70NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS841.04500NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS96NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS1121.31600NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS12&NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishfemaleNS1401.54500NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS10.03200NSandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS70.05900NSAltmanandDittmer,1974(.oJChickenCornishmaleNS140.10900NSAltmanandDittmer,1974I.....ChickenCornishmaleNS210.18200NSAltmanandDittmer,1974(,J'1ChickenCornishmaleNS280.2&800NSAltmanandDittmer,1974(,J'1ChickenCornishmaleNS35NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS42NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS49NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS5b0.72700NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNSb3NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS70NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS641.27200NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS96NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS1121.72700NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS12&NSNSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenCornishmaleNS1402.09100NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenI/hC•/-both420.55590NSFoxandS.yth,1965ChickenI/hC•/-both1355b0.61510NSFoxandSmyth,1965ChickenI/hc/cboth123420.45740NSFoxandSmyth,1965ChickenI/hc/cboth1235b0.80490NSFoxandSmyth,1965Chickenh/hC•/-both123420.57040NSFoxandSmyth,1965Chickenh/hc/cboth121420.53260NSFoxandSmyth,19650Chickenh/hc/cboth1215b0.78&00NSFoxandSmyth,1965IDChickenh/hC•/-both1235b0.84170NSFoxandSmyth,1965.......01'\).......CD-.J

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# 09/02/87TABlE3-12(cont.)......loCISpeclesStrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceloCI......Animals(days)(kg)>CMckenRossbroilermale3914.73000NSPrescottetal.,1985ChickenRossbrollermale31055.46000NSPrescottetal.,1985ChickenRossbrollermale31195.75800NSPrescottetal.,1985ChickenRossbroIlermale31406.49000NSPrescottetal.,1985ChickenRossbrollermale21616.50000NSPrescottetal.,1985ChtckenSeveralfeaale4410.027104.00E-006Sahetal••1984ChickenSeveralfemale44280.075102.30E-005Saheta1.•1984ChickenSeveralfemale18840.327503.42E-004Sahetal.,1984ChickenSeveralfemale181400.&57202.18[-003Sahetal••1984ChickenSeveralmale3&10.029004.20E-OO&sahetal..1984CMckenSeveralmale3&280.087402.07E-005Sahetal..1984ChickenSeveralmale27840.387901.08E-003Sahetal..1984ChickenSeveralmale1&1400.744802.72E-004Sahetal.,1984ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS10.03600NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS70.01300NSAltmanandDittmer,1974(...)ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS140.11800NSAltmanandDittmer,1974IChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS210.19500NSAltmanandDittmer,1974......ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS280.27200NSAltmanandDittmer,1974U"l....,ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS350.3&700NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS420.43&00NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS490.54900NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS5&0.&4000NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhlteleghornfemaleNS&30.72100NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS700.71&00NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS840.93400NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS981.10700NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS1121.27000NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornfemaleNS12&1.40200NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhlteleghornfemaleNS1401.55100NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhHeleghornmaleNS10.03&00NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS70.05900NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS140.12300NSAltmanandDUtmer.1974ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS210.19100NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghor!lmaleNS280.2&800NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS350.34500NSAltmanandDittmer,1974ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS420.44900NSAltmanandDittmer,19740ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS490.60300NSAltmanandDittmer,1974loCI.......ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS5&0.&8900NSAltmanandDittmer,19740ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS&30.87500NSAltmanandDittmer,1974N.......ChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS700.94400NSAltmanandDittmer,1974CDChickenWhiteleghornmaleNS841.24300NSAltmanandDittmer,1974....,TABLE 3-12 (cont.)

...,)

..0 Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Variance Reference

..0 ...,)

> Animals (days) (kg)

Chicken WhHe Leghorn male NS 9B NS NS Altman and Dittmer, 1974

Chicken WhHe Leghorn male NS 112 NS NS Altman and Dittmer, 1974

Chicken WhHe Leghorn male NS 126 NS NS Altman and Dittmer, 1974

Chicken WhHe Leghorn male NS 140 NS NS Altman and Dittmer, 1974

Chicken White Leghorn NS 14 21 0.1B300 3.24E-004 Dunson and Buss, 196B

Chicken White Leghorn NS 4 2B 0.20000 7.29[-004 Dunson and Buss, 196B

Chicken White Leghorn NS B 2B 0.32000 2.56[-004 Dunson and Buss, 196B

Chicken WhHe Leghorn NS 15 140 1.53200 9.42E-002 Dunson and Buss, 196B

Donkeys IS **fet~~a1e** 1 1B25 120.00000 NS Amoroso et al., 1964

Goats Several female 3 1095 52.50000 1.41E0001 Watkins et al., 1973

Horses Eguus caballus female 1 9125 500.00000 NS Amoroso et a1., 1964

Horses Eguus caba llus male 1 2190 410.00000 NS Amoroso et al., 1964

Horses Eguus caballus male 1 2920 360.00000 NS Amoroso et al., 1964

<..:> Horses Eguus caba11us male 1 4380 510.00000 NS Amoroso et al., 1964

I Horses Eguus caballui male 1 5475 600.00000 NS Amoroso et al., 1964

...,)

V"' IS IS

co Horses NS 1971 481.00000 NS NAS, 1971

"ules NS male 1 4745 210.00000 NS Amoroso et al., 1964

Pigs Cross-bred both 30 70 30.00000 NS Pond et al., 19B5

Pigs Cross-bred both 30 126 74.00000 NS Pond et al., 19B5

Pigs Cross-bred both 30 154 99.00000 NS Pond et al., 19B5

Pigs Cross-bred both 30

**17~** llB.OOOOO NS Pond et al., 19B5

Pigs Duroc-Jersey female NS 300 95.00000 NS Campbell and Lasley, 1975

Pigs Ouroc-Jersey female NS 600 140.00000 NS Campbell and Lasley, 1975

Pigs Ouroc-Jersey female NS 900 165.00000 NS Campbell and Lasley, 1975

Pigs Ouroc-Jersey female NS 1200 lBO.OOOOO NS Campbell and Lasley, 1975

Pigs Duroc-Jersey female NS 1500 190.00000 NS Campbell and Lasley, 1975

Pigs Duroc-Jersey female NS 1800 195.00000 NS Campbell and Lasley, 1975

Pigs Duroc-Jersey female NS 2400 19B.OOOOO NS Campbell and Lasley, 1975

Pigs NS female 1 1 2.50000 NS Conalty, 1967

Pigs NS female 1 140 65.00000 NS Conalty, 1967

0 Pigs NS female 1 2BO 150.00000 NS Conalty, 1967

1.0

....... Pigs NS female 1 420 lBO.OOOOO NS Conalty, 1967

0 Pigs NS female 1 560 220.00000 NS Conalty, 1967

1\,)

....... (X)

-'**~** ID

ID

**~** > **~**

I

**~** U"'

ID

0

ID

.......

0

N

....... c:c

-..J Species Strain

Pigs NS

Pigs NS

Pigs liS

Pigs NS

Pigs Sus scrofa

Pigs White cross

Pigs White cross

Pigs White cross

Pigs White cross

Pigs White cross

Pigs White cross

Pigs White cross

Pigs Wh lte cross

Pigs White cross

Pigs White cross

Sheep NS

Sheep NS

Sheep NS

Sheep Ovls aries

NS • llot specified Sex No. of Animals

NS 8

NS 15

NS 3

NS 3

female 1

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS 51

NS NS

NS NS

NS NS

female 1 TABLE **3-1~** (cont.)

Age Weight Variance Reference

(days) (kg)

1 1.18000 1. 31E-001 Clement et a 1., 198b

114 30.00000 **1.39EOOO~** Clement et al., 198b

2 1.04700 **4.~3E-003** "ortola, 1983

1 1.1&700 **9.4~E-OO~** "or to la, 1984

183 17.00000 NS Amoroso et a 1 . , 19&4

21 4.85000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

21 5.34000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

**~8** 5.49000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

**~8** &.15000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

35 7.15000 NS Brooks et a 1. , 1984

35 7.99000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

**4~** 9.17000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

**4~** 10.&0000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

42 13.&0000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

49 13.0&000 NS Brooks et al., 1984

grown 31.50000 5.0&EOOOO lane-Peter et al., 19&7

grown 45.00000 .03E0001 lane-Peter et al., 19&7

weaned &3.00000 2.03E0001 lane-Peter et al., 19&7

730 **5~.00000** NS Amoroso et a 1., 19&4

# 1250



# • • • •**~** 

# i •

1000 

# •

•



# r •

H 750 

# •

T

i



# n ;

# ~ 500 a 

# • •**~** 

# .,

• •**~** 

# • 

# • 

# J:· • I I 

# • • 

# '**~**



# 250

# ~ 

# I**~·** I I I I 

# 1



# 2.5 

# s.o 7.5 10.0 12.5



# AGE IH YIARS

FIGURE 3-51



# Growth Data on Cattle

(See Table 3-11 

# for po,nts and references)

1991A 3-160 09/02/87

# i



# n



# 1991A**12~ ~--------~----------------------------------------** 



# 1

# ~ 

# • • •

1000 

# J_

___

# L_~·~J,_-=-= ........

# ::d::!::~=!:::_ _ _j

# ~ • 

# •

_!

250

I



# 2.5 I I



# 5.0 7.5**~I** 

# I H 't'IARS



# FIGURE 3-52 I



# 10.0



# Growth Curve on Female Hereford Cattle

{See Table 3-12 for po1nts and references)

3-161 I



# 12.5



# 09/02/87

# soo



# r 400

# ~

i



# n 

# »:>

l 

# '

»i



# 100



# 1991A**~**

# ~ 

# • • .j 

# ' i 

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# • • 1- 

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# i.

• 

# t • ! 

# •

i



# 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0**~.0** 

# ,,0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

AGE IH YEARS



# FIGURE 3-53

Growth Curve on Cattle. Exclud,ng Female Hereford Cattle

(See Table 3-12 for po1nts and references}

3-162 09/02/87

# 7



# ••

6 

# • • •



# r •

5 

# • •

H



# T 4



# i 

# •**~** 

# • •

n 

# • • 

# .. I

k 

# 3 

# ' • 

# • • II! 

# •

2

1



# 0.5 1.0 1.5 

# 2.0 

# 2.5

ACil 

# I H 'LIARS



# FIGURE 3-54



# Growth Data on Ch1ckens

(See Table 3-12 for po1nts and references}

1991A 3-163 09/02187

# Ch,ckens, part,cularly the White Leghorn, have been used as an,mal

models for study,ng per,pheral neurotox,ns. Growth data on male and female

White Leghorns are presented in F'gures 3-55 and 3-56. Because b'oassays

using ch,ckens are not well standard,zed, no attempt w'll be made to recommend subchronic or chronic body we,ghts. Depending on the nature of the

experiment, the data in Table 3-12 and F'gures 3-55 or 3-56 could be used to

est,mate the most appropriate body we,ght.

3.4.3. P1gs. All growth data from Table 3-12 on p'gs are plotted in

F'gure 3-57. The growth data reported by Pond et al. (1985) and Conalty

(1967), plotted 'n Figure 3-58, are cons,stent with each other but show

substant,ally more rap'd growth than other reports on the domestic p'g (Sus

domesUcus). Data from these latter reports are plotted 'n Figure 3-59.

The data reported by Amoroso et al. (1964) are for the m,n,ature p,g, Sus

scrofa, and are not l'kely to be typ,cal of sw,ne used as l'vestock.

Recommended rna ture body weights for 1 'ves tock sw' ne (Sus domes U cus) are

200-250 kg. Based on F'gures 3-58 and 3-59, other body we,ght est,mates for

sw,ne can be der,ved as needed.

3.5. WILDLIFE

Growth data on w'ldlHe are summarized in Table 3-13. As d'scussed by

Moody et al. (1985) for ferrets and Zatzman et al. (1984) for marmots, many

spec,es of w'ldlHe mammals show substantial (30-40%) seasonal var,aUon 'n

body we,ght. Such seasonal variat,ons are also l'kely to be seen 'n

l'vestock and laboratory an,mals. but are less well documented.

Figures 3-60 and 3-61 summarize the body weights of male and female mink

from two control groups used by Auler,ch et al. (1979) in a study on the

toxicity of PCBs. a compound to which mink are parUcularly susceptible.

l991A 3-1 64 09/02/87

# 1991A 

# !



# •**;~ :~~.**  

# r' 

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# • i_.....-.· i



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# l

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# I



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# 20.0 I**~.0** 

# I I



# 40.0 

# so.o

A;! 

# IH »AYS



# FIGURE 3-55 

# ... 

# •

I



# 60.0 I



# '10.0



# Growth Data on Male Wh1te Leghorn Ch1ckens

(See Table 3-12 for po1nts and references)

3-1£>5 I



# fK>.O 

# •

I



# 90.0



# 09/02/87

# 1.6

1.4



# I 1.2

1

# ~

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# n 

# 0.8

I 

# '

0.6

0.4

0.2



# 1991A 

# •

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# .:



# •

25.0 :10.0**~.0** 

# 100.0 125.0

AlAI IH DAYS



# FIGURE 3-56



# Growth Data on Female Wh1te Leghorn Ch1ckens

(See Table 3-12 for po1nts and references)

3-166 

# •

1:10.0

09/02/87

# •

200 i 

# 1.**~** 

# ..

r ! 

# • I i 

# ,.

I 

# ! 

# !

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# • ! 

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E

# ~ 150 

# ..



# - 

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so ;



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# 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0

A;I IH YIAIS



# FIGURE 3-57

Growth Data on Domest\c and M\n\ature P1gs

(See Table 

# 3-12 for po\nts and references)



# 1991A 3-167 09/02/87

# I



# n



# l 200

• lOO

50



# 1991A 

# •

•

100.0 

# 3:)0.0 300.0 

# 400.0 

# :100.0 600.0



# f!GI 

# Itt »AYS



# FIGURE 3-58



# Growth Data on Larger Dornest1c P1gs

[Data from Pond et a1. (1985) and Conalty (1967)]

3-168 09/02/87

# • 

# i

• 175 

# •



# r 150



# 125 

# '

t



# n 

# 100

l



# c:

75



# 1.0 2.0 3.0 <1.0 

# 5.0 6.0 

# 7.0

A;l JH YIAIS



# FIGURE 3-59



# Growth Data on Smaller Domest1c P1gs

(See Table 3-12 

# for po1nts and references)

1991A 3-169 09/02/87TABI. f 3-13

**~** Growth and Body Welght Data on Wlldllfe

..0

..0

**~** > Specles/Straln Sex No. of Age Weight Varlance Reference

Anlmals (days) (kg)

Ferrets/domestlc female NS adult 0.67500 1. 27E -002 Moody et al., 1985

Ferrets/domestlc male NS adult 2.02500 1 .14E -001 Moody et al., 1985

Ferrets/NS male 9 young 0.71150 6.28E-003 Vlnegar et al., 1985

Marmots/yellow-bell led female 9 adult 3.81000 5.76E-002 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yellow-bell led female 9 adult 3.86000 5.76E-002 latzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yellow-bell led male 9 adult 4.62000 2.81E-001 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yellow-bell led male 9 adult 4.76000 2. 92E -001 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yellow-bell led male 9 adult 4.95000 3.03E-001 Zatzman et al., 1984

**~** Marmots/yellow-bellied male 9 adult 5.19000 3.48E-001 Zatzman et a 1 .• 1984

**~** Marmots/yellow-bellled male 9 adult 5.29000 4. 36E -001 Zatzman et al., 1984

0 Marmots/yellow-bellled male 9 adult 5.32000 3.97E-001 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yellow-bell led male 9 adult 5.33000 4. 23E -001 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yellow-bell led male 9 adult 5.39000 3. 72E -001 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yellow-bell led male 9 adult 5.45000 4.1 OE -001 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yel1ow-bellled male 9 adult 5.46000 4. 62E -001 Zatzman et al., 1984

Marmots/yel1ow-bellled male 9 adult 5.50000 4.49f-001 1 a I. 1111a n e L a 1 . , 19 84

Mink/NS female 24 90 0.75000 NS Aulerich et al., 1979

Mink/NS female 24 90 0.76000 NS Aulerich et al., 1979

Mink/NS female 24 103 0.86100 NS Aulerlch et al., 1979

Mink/NS female 24 103 0.87600 NS Aulerich et al., 1979

Mink/NS female 24 118 0.91900 NS Aulerlch et al., 1979

M1nk/NS female 24 118 0.93400 NS Aulerlch et al., 1979

Mlnk/NS female 24 132 0.92000 NS Aulerlch et al., 1979

0 Mink/NS female 24 132 0.95500 l.llE-002 Aulerlch et al., 1979

**~** Mlnk/NS female 24 146 0.97100 NS Aulerlch et al., 1979

**~** Mink/NS female 24 146 0.98400 1.53E-002 Aulerlch et al., 1979

' CX! -.JTABLE3-13(cont.)-'LOLO-'):>Specles/StralnSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarlanceReferenceAnlmals(days)(kg)Mlnk/NSfemale241600.99900NSAulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale241601.039001.57E-002Aulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale241741.04100NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale241741.066002.70E-002Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale241881.03100NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale241881.065001.25E-002Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242021.02000NSAulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242021.058001.88E-002Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242141.01400NSAulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242141.041002.31E-002Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242300.93700NSAulerichetal.,1979Cj"Hink/NSfemale242300.968001.80E-002Aulerichetal.,1979--'::Mink/NSfemale242450.98900NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242451.018003.14E-003Aulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242610.92700NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242610.970001.15E-002Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242750.93300NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242750.962001.49E-002Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242920.90900NSAulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale242920.941008.06E-003Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale243060.93600NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale243060.968002.46E-002Aulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale243200.94700NSAulerlchetal.,1979Hink/NSfemale243200.965002.42E-003Aulerlchetal.,1979Mink/NSfemale244380.81100NSAulerlchetal.,l979Mink/NSfemale244380.821005.89E-003Aulerlchetal.,1979Mlnk/NSmale6901.083004.39E-002Aulerichetal.,1979male5901.13700NSAulerichetal.,1979male61031.297003.48E-002Aulerichetal.,1979co-.IlABLE3-13(cont.)__,!.&:>!.&:>__,>Specles/StrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightVarianceReferenceAnimals(days)(kg)Mink/NSmale51031.33900NSAulerichetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale51181.37800NSAulerichetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale61181.427005.71E-002Aulericheta1.,1979Mink/NSmale51321.56900NSAulericheta1.,1979Mink/NSmale61321.569002.27E-002Auler1cheta1.,1979M1nk/NSmale51461.59100NSAu1er1chetal.,1979Mink/NSmale61461.631003.60E-003Aulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSmale61601.649003.97E-003Auler1chetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale51601.66900NSAulerichetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale61741.654001.44E-003Aulerlchetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale51741.68600NSAuler1chetal.,1979w•M1nk/NSmale61881.680001.31E-003Auler1chetal.,1979......-'....,JM1nk/NSmale51881.71000NSAulerichetal.,19791'\JMink/NSmale62021.766001.02E-003Auler1chetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale52021.78100NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSmale62141.731001.09E-003Au1er1cheta1.,1979Mink/NSmale52141.'/3200NSAu1erichetal.,1979Mink/NSmale52301.5&400NSAu1er1cheta1.,1979Mink/NSmale62301.613001.76E-003Au1er1chetal.,1979Mink/NSmale52451.59600NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSmale62451.64900NSAulerlchetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale52611.48300NSAu1erichetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale62611.53500NSAulerichetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale52751.47600NSAuler1chetal.,1979M1nk/NSmale62751.55300NSAulerichetal••1979M1nk/NSmale52921.49600NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSmale62921.59100NSAulerichetal.,1979E.;Mink/NSmale530{)1 .{)0700NSAulerichetal.,1979'M1nk/NSmale63061•{){)900NSAulerichetal.,1979Mink/NSmale53201.59500NSAu1ericheta1••1979'(Xl....,J--' "" "" --' :> Specles/Stra1n

Mink: INS M1nk:/NS M1nk/NS Mink:/NS Mink/NS Mink:/NS Mink/NS Voles/meadow Voles/meadow Voles/NS

VJ

I

--'

-.J

VJ NS = Not spec\f1ed

0

""

' 0 N

' CD -.J Sex No. of An1mals

male 6

male 6

male 5

both NS

both NS

both NS

both NS

both 28

NS 7

NS NS TABLE 3-13 (cont.)

Age Weight Var1ance Reference

(days) (kg)

320 1.61200 NS Auler1ch et al., 1979

438 1.64000 NS Auler1ch et al., 1979

438 1.69200 NS Aulerich et al., 1979

1 0.00930 NS Aulerlch et al., 1979

1 0.00962 NS Aulerich et al., 1979

28 0.15760 NS Auler1ch et al., 1979

28 0.16500 NS Aulerich et al., 1979

176 0.04100 5.62E-005 lee and Horvath, 1969

45 0.04500 5.62E-005 laughlin et al., 1975

NS 0.04100 NS NAS, 1978

# I



# 1.75

1.S 

# I

1.25



# ~

1

n 

# 1



# I

0.75

0.5

**o.~**



# 1991A 

# ~ 

# • I 

# 1! i• •



# ...

**·~** 1



# ~ 

# •j•.

! I 

# • ai

:



# ~.o 

# 100.0

**1~.0** 

# alO.o

**~.o** 

# a:x>.o

**~.o** 

# 400.0

**<~50.o** 

# Alai IH lAYS



# FIGURE 3-60

Recommended Growth Curve for Hale H1nk

(See Table 3-13 for po1nts and references)

Source: Auler1ch et al., 1979

3-174 

# 09/02/87

# r**~**

i

n



# l 

# '

1991A 

# l.es**~----------~----~--~----~----~----~----~--~**



# 1 

# 1: I

# zj~'

# ~ tl

i 

# i

! 

# l

! ! 

# 0.75



# o.s**o.~ ~--~~~~--~----~--~----+----+----+---~** 



# :SO.O 100.0 150.0**~.0 ~.0**  

# X>O.O 350.0 400.0 450.0



# AGE IH J>AYS



# FIGURE 3-61

Recommended Growth Curve for Female M1nk



# (See Table 3-13 for po1nts and references)

Source: Auler1ch et al., 1979

3-175 

# 09/02/87

# 4. INHALATION RATES

The 

# u.s. EPA {1980) has recommended the use of a reference value of 20

rna/day for humans (10 m 3 

# breathing volume during the workday). The

inhalation rate for the ICRP Reference Man is 23m 3 

# /day (9.6 m 3 

# breathing volume at work during light activity}. Other recommended values are 21

ma/day for an adult woman, 15 m 3 

# /day for a 10-year-old child, 3.8



# m3/day for a 1-year-old infant and 0.8 m 3 /day for a newborn (Snyder et

al., 1975).

Minute volumes for the reference man resting and performing light

activity are 7.5 and 20 t/minute, respectively. The reference minute

volume for light activity is reasonably close to the reported values for

adult humans given in Table 4-1. Assuming that man rests for 

# 8 hours and is

involved in light activity for 16 hours each day, the resting minute volume

can be multiplied by a factor of 2.1 to approximate a TWA minute volume over

an entire day [((7.5x8hr}+(20xl6hr))/24hr)/7.5=-2.ll]. Unless this activity

factor is used on the human data, the allometric equations discussed in th1s

section substantially underestimate human breathing volumes for adolescents

and adults. Rigorous evaluation of human values is outside the scope of

this text. Additional information is provided in U.S. EPA (1985a). Since

the minute volumes reported in the literature for experimental mammals and

other animals were made when the animals were at rest and not under conditions of normal activity, a simnar activity factor could be proposed for

these species. This factor is not applied to the allometric equations for

nonhuman animals because in most toxicity studies the activity of the

animals is restricted by confinement. The use of upper or lower bounds of

the allometric equations should be considered H 

# hyperactivity or lethargy

is reported. In some instances in which the exposed dose must be estimated

1992A 4-1 09/03/87lADLE 4-1

Inhalat1on Data on Yar1ous An1mal Groups

-J

1.0

1.0 M1nute

N Group Spec1es Stra1n Sex No. of Age We1ght Volume Reference

> An1ma1s (days) (kg) (l)

Pr1mates human M&F 4 12,593 NS 5.40 Maxwell et al., 1985

human M&F 6 12,593 NS 5.90 Maxwell et al., 1985

human M&F 8 12,593 NS 5.90 Maxwell et al., 1985

human M&F 21 17,885 74.0 7.70 Wh1te et al., 1985

human F 20 6.6 3.420 0.57090 Cross, 1949

human F 29 9,855 64.150 8.0 A1tken et al., 1986

human M 16 5 3.670 0.61240 Cross, 1949

human M 37 9,855 94.550 9.80 A1tken et al., 1986

human NS 15 8 NS 0.690 Haddad et al., 1979

human NS 15 35 NS 0.810 Haddad et al., 1979

human NS 15 63 NS 1.080 Haddad et al., 1979

human NS 22 <1 3.40 1.3930 F1sher et a1., 1982

human NS 12 <1 3.50 1.4110 F1sher et al., 1982

human NS 10 NS NS 1.41230 Fisher et al., 1982

human NS 10 NS NS 1.41230 F1sher et al., 1982

human NS 15 91 NS 1.440 Haddad et a1., 1979

human NS 23 <1 3.430 1.4920 F1sher et al., 1982

**~** human NS 15 120 NS 1.530 Haddad et al., 1979

I human NS 6 NS NS 1. 57730 F1sher et al., 1982

N human NS 4 <1 3.470 1.9830 F1sher et a1., 1982

human NS NS NS 70 7.50 Hugh-Jones et al., 1978

human NS 6 NS 68.50 8.730 Guyton, 1947

1110nkey rhesus M&F 39 NS 2.630 1.0140 Karel and Weston, 1946

1110nkey rhesus M 4 NS 4.050 1.120 l1u and Delauter, 1977

1110nkey rhesus M 4 NS 4.050 1.120 l1u and Delauter, 1977

1110nkey rhesus NS NS NS 2.680 0.860 lumb, 1963

IliOn key NS 6 NS 2.680 0.8630 Guyton, 1947

laboratory gu1nea p1g Hartley M&F 10 98 0.5120 0.1710 Mauderly et a1., 1979

rodents guinea p1g Hartley, C.R. F 6 NS 0.32550 0.0790 Horlke et a1., 1982

guinea plg Hartley, C.R. F 10 NS 0.32550 0.1040 Hor1ke et al., 1982

guinea plg Hartley, large M 10 NS 0.8170 0.4040 Blake and Ranchero, 1985

gu1nea p1g Hartley, small M 5 NS 0.2690 0.2530 Blake and Ranchero, 1985

gu1nea p1g Hartley M 36 NS 0.350 0.24970 Skorn1k et al., 1981

gu1nea p1g M 6 NS 0.340 0.220 Murphy and Ulrich, 1964

guinea plg M 6 NS 0.3090 0.25450 Murphy and U1r1ch, 1964

gu1nea plg " 6 NS 0.3790 0.26460 Murphy and Ulr1ch, 1964

guinea pig NS 2 3 0.09110 0.07610 Mortola, 1964

0 gu1nea pig NS 200 NS 0.2190 0.1390 Amdur and Mead, 1958

co

....... gu1nea pig NS 49 NS 0.4770 0.1540 Guyton, 1947

-J guinea pig NS 61 NS 0.4660 0.1560 Guyton, 1947

.,..

....... guinea pig NS NS NS 0.4710 0.160 lumb, 1963

cc guinea p1g NS 6 NS 0.1940 0.1620 Mead, 1960

-..JTABLE 4-1 (cont.)

_, "lnute

..0 ..0 Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Volume Reference

N Animals (days) (kg) (l)

> laboratory hamster Syrlan[Sch:Syr] "&F 10 98 0.110 0.050 "auderly et al., 1979

rodents hamster Syrian "&F 10 112 0.1110 0.050 "auderly and Tesarek, 1975

(cont.) hamster Ojungarlan 12 NS 0.03240 0.02240 Schlenker, 1985

hamster golden 10 NS 0.11540 0.04202 Holloway and Heath, 1984

hamster golden lb NS 0.110 0.07090 Javaherl and Lucey, 1986

hamster Syrian FlB 10 NS 0.06380 0.03450 Schlenker, 1984

hamster Syrian FlB 10 NS 0.08860 0.04050 Schlenker, 1984

hamster Syrian FlB 10 NS 0.1020 0.0420 .. Schlenker, 1984

hamster Syrian 8 NS 0.1080 0.02930 Strope et al., 1980

hamster Syrian 7 NS 0.1420 0.05041 Walker et al., 1985

hamster Syrian 40 105 0.1290 0.0710 Rubin et al., 1978

hamster white 4 NS 0.090 0.030 Chapin, 1955

hamster white 4· NS 0.10 0.0330 Chapin, 1955

hamster white 4 NS 0.130 0.0420 Chapin, 1955

hamster NS 4 5 0.00643 0.00298 "ortola and Noworaj, 1985

hamster NS NS NS 0.0910 0.050 lumb, 1963

hamster NS 65 NS 0.0920 0.0610 Guyton, 1947

**~** mice NS 5 2.8 0.00250 0.00230 "ortola, 1984

I mice NS 56 NS 0.020 0.0240 Guyton, 1947

(,.,) mouse CBA Ca Lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.02370 0.02090 OePl edge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca Lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.02190 0.0?190 DePledge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca Lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.02450 0.0?190 DePledge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.02660 0.02820 OePledge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.03130 0.03050 OePledge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca Lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.02690 0.03160 OePledge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca Lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.03310 0.03430 OeP 1 edge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca Lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.03550 0.04170 OePledge, 1985

mouse CBA Ca Lac Cbl " 1 NS 0.03890 0.04950 OePledge, 1985

mouse CBA " 10 20 0.0080 0.01450 Crlborn, 1969

mouse CBA " 10 31 0.0140 0.0160 Crlborn, 1969

mouse CBA " 10 51 0.02450 0.0220 Crlborn, 1969

mouse CBA " 10 91 0.02450 0.02950 Crlborn, 1969

mouse CO-l " 19 37 0. 02620 0.03799 Fairchild, 1972

mouse CO-l " 9 55.5 0.03130 0.05039 Fairchild, 1972

mouse CO-l " 10 74 0.03740 0.06769 Fairchild, 1972

mouse HA/ICR " 8 90 0.03380 0.03617 Fairchild, 1972

0 mouse HA/ICR " 8 69 0.02990 0.05083 Fairchild, 1972

..0 mouse Swl ssWeblAI /COX " 10 NS 0.03040 0.04880 Schlenker, 1985

' mouse NS NS NS 0.01980 0.0230 Lumb, 1963

0

co

' co -.1TABlE4-l(cont.)........0..0MlnuteNGroupSpedesStra1nSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtVolumeReference>An1mals(days)(kg)(l)laboratoryratF344/CrllovM&F203&50.29300.1950Mauderly,198&rodentsratF344/CrllovM&F201830.2&700.2380Mauder1y,198&(cont.)ratF344/Cr1lovM&F20910.18200.240Mauderly,198&ratF344/Cr1lovM&F207300.33100.2590Mauderly,1986ratlong-EvansM&F1098NS0.2150Mauderly,198&ratFhherF32NS0.23300.1&10D1amondandO'Donnell,1977ratF334/CrlLovF103650.21900.1540Mauderly,1986ratF334/Cr1lovF101830.19900.1810Mauder1y,1986ratF334/Cr1lovf10910.14500.2160Mauder1y,1986ratF334/Cr1lovf107300.25500.2540l'lauderly,198&ratF344F20770.14&100.14430Doratoetal.,1983ratF344F19910.157900.1470Doratoetal.,1983ratF344F192380.19400.15390Doratoeta1.,1983ratF344F191610.1800.15540Doratoeta1.,1983ratF344F192800.201400.15590Doratoeta1.,1983ratF344F193220.20&900.15840Doratoeta1.,1983ratF344F191120.166700.1590Doratoeta1.,1983ratF344F191960.190800.16720Doratoetal.,1983IratSprague-DawleyF11NS0.25100.1750Cumm1ngsandHeltcamp,1981ratW1star,Charlesf1297NS0.09820Mart1n-BodyandS1nc1a1r,1985ratWlstar,CharlesF1299NS0.1930Mart1n-BodyandSlncla1r,1985ratF344/Crllov"103&50.36800.2360Mauder1y,198&ratF344/Crllov"10910.29100.2640Mauderly,1986ratF344/Crllov11107300.40700.264011auder1y,198&ratF344/Cr1lov"101830.33&00.2920l'lauderly,198&ratF3441120770.218400.16140Ooratoetal.,1983ratF344"20910.248500.18&10Ooratoetal.,1983ratF34411202800.388800.19110Doratoeta1.,1983ratF344"202380.3&6300.1920Doratoeta1.,1983ratF344"203220.409500.20040Doratoetal.,1983ratF344"201120.279800.20130Ooratoeta1.,1983ratF344"201610.317800.20380Doratoetal.,1983ratF344"'201960.342800.21550Doratoeta1.,1983ratSprague-Dawley"19NS0.400.1450BowenandCarpenter,1979ratSprague-Dawley1119NS0.400.1450BowenandCarpenter,1979ratSprague-Dawley"NSNS0.400.1450Bowenetal.,1979ratSprague-Dawley115NSNS0.1540JohansonandPlerce,1971ratSprague-Dawley"5NSNS0.1540JohansonandP1erce,1971ratSprague-Dawley1112NSNS0.1750JohansonandP1erce,1971cratSprague-Oawley"8NS0.30&00.19030la1eta1.,1978CD.......ratSprague-Dawley115NS0.43500.20611HollowayandHeath,1984......ratSprague-Dawley118NS0.30500.21380la1etal.,1978.......ratSprague-Dawley118NS0.30500.2150la1etal.,1978CD"""'TABLE 4-1 {cont.)

.,.j

1.0 111nute

1.0

N Group Spedes Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Volume Reference

> Animals {days) (kg) (l)

Laboratory rat Sprague-Dawley 11 16 NS 0.4250 0.2390 Bartlett and Tennet, 1970

rodents rat Sprague-Dawley " 8 NS 0.2840 0.27580 Lal et al., 1978

(cont.) rat Sprague-Dawley " 8 NS 0.2910 0.45950 La1 et al., 1978

rat WI star 11 10 35 0.05230 0.08690 Leong et al., 1964

rat WI star 11 10 49 0.10980 0.11290 leong et al., 1964

rat Wlstar 11 10 70 0.21130 0.16150 Leong et al., 1964

rat WI star 11 6 NS 0.30 0.17220 Walker et al., 1985

rat WI star " 10 12ft 0.29850 0.22490 Leong et al., 1964

rat cotton NS 21 NS 0.0770 0.040 Guyton, 1947

rat cotton NS NS NS 0.0770 0.040 Lumb, 1963

rat white NS 35 NS 0.1130 0.0730 Guyton, 1947

rat white NS NS NS 0.1120 0.0140 Lumb, 1963

rat white NS 32 NS 0.110 0.0760 Guyton, 1947

rat NS 4 2 o.oono 0.00660 Mor to la, 1984

rat NS 48 NS 0.30 0.2750 lin et a1., 1983

Other cat NS 4 1.7 0.11880 0.0950 Mortola, 1984

**~** laboratory cat NS NS NS 2.450 0.3220 lumb, 1963

I mammals cat NS 6 NS 2.750 0.420 11azzare111 et a1., 1986

I,J"' cat NS 19 NS 2.40 0.48050 Wang and Nlms, 1948

cat NS 4 NS 2.550 0.68350 Bartlett and Tennet, 1970

cat NS 6 NS 3.250 0.77380 Slafakas et al., 1983

cat NS 6 NS 3.250 0.7850 S1afakas et al., 1983

cat NS 6 547 3.620 0.830 Gautier, 1986

dog beagle 11&F 12 364 9.0 3.30 11auderly et al., 1979

dog beagle 11&F 100 395.5 9.10 3.720 Mauder 1 y, 1914

dog beagle 11&F 20 1,277.5 11.10 4.060 Mauderly, 1974

dog beagle F 50 395.5 8.40 3.60 Mauderly, 1974

dog beagle F 10 1, 271.5 10 3.610 Mauderly, 1974

dog beagle F 36 3,375 10.90 3.810 Mauderly, 1974

dog mongrel F 1 3,650 13.50 6.60 Amoroso et al., 1964

dog beagle M 50 395.5 10 3.650 11auderly, 1974

dog beagle M 10 1,277.5 12.0 4.510 Mauder1y, 1974

dog mongrel M 1 1 ,460 59.0 11.90 Amoroso et al., 1964

dog beagle NS 12 NS 9.20 1.6620 Stara et al., 1980

dog beagle NS 39 210 9.10 5.280 Pickrell et a1. 1971

dog NS 3 1 0.29720 0.24180 Mortola, 1984

dog NS 1 NS 16.40 4.10 lumb, 1963

0 dog NS 1 NS 28.60 5.150 lumb, 1963

Cl:)

........ dog NS 1 NS 19.10 5.450 Lumb, 1963

.,.j dog NS 1 NS 30.50 6.250 Lumb, 1963

**~**

........ Cl:)

-..../TABLE 4-1 (cont.)

_,

1.0 M\nute

1.0 N Group Spec1es Stra\n Sex No. of Age We\ght Volume Reference

> An\mals (days) (kg) (l)

Other rabbH Dutch MI!IF 42 NS 2.0510 1.0450 Barrow et a1., 1971

laboratory rabbH New Zealand wh\te M&F 9 98 3.0 1.240 Mauderly et al., 1979

mammals rabb\t New Zealand wh\te NS 5 NS 2.170 0.4490 Maskrey and N\col, 1980

(cont.) rabbH New Zealand wh\te NS 5 NS 2.170 0. 7440 Maskrey and N1col, 1980

rabb\t NS 4 1.7 0.07930 0.05540 Morto1a, 1904

rabb\t NS 31 NS 2.020 0.00 Guyton, 1947

rabbH NS NS NS 2.070 0.80 Lumb, 1963

rabb\t 58 NS 2.0 0.920 Barrow, 1976

L \vestock camel NS NS NS 550 55.0 Hugh-Jones et a1., 1970

cattle guernsey, fg F 1 1,460 460 125.60 Amoroso et a1., 1964

catt 1e guernsey, fg f 1 2,920 410 127.80 Amoroso et al., 19&4

cattle jersey, heHer F 1 730 340 59.30 Amoroso et al., 19&4

ch\cken leghorn M&F & NS 1.80 0.4050 Gleeson, 198&

chicken NS NS NS 2.60 0.3230 laslewskl and Calder, 1971

.- donkey F 1 1,825 120 19.10 Amoroso et al., 19&4

I

<:I'

goat several f 3 1,095 52.50 12.340 Watkins et al., 1973

horse shetland type MI!IF 3 NS 167.0 28.&0 Mauderly, 1975

horse Fquus caballus F l 9,125 500 31.20 Amoroso el al., 19&4

horse shetland type F l NS 135.0 23.20 Mauderly, 1975

hOrse shetland type f l NS 161.0 45.20 Mauderly, 1975

horse Equus caballus " l NS 510 35.10 Amoroso et a1., 19&4

horse Equus caballus M 1 2,190 410 40.0 Amoroso et al., 19&4

horse Equus caballus M 1 2,920 360 54.10 Amoroso et a1., 19&4

horse Equus caba11us " 1 5,475 600 59.70 Amoroso et a1., 1964

horse shetland type " 1 NS 205.0 19.90 Mauderly, 1975

horse NS NS 1,971 481.0 208.0 NAS, 1971

mule M 1 4,745 210 19.50 Amoroso et al., 1964

pig Sus scrofa F 1 183 17 .o 19.10 Amoroso el a1., 1964

pig NS 8 1.3 1.180 0.46920 Clement el a1., 198&

pig NS 3 1 1.1&700 0.&6590 Mortola, 1984

pig NS 15 114 30 7.2570 Clement et al., 1986

0

co sheep Ovts ar tes F 1 730 52.0 28.0 Amoroso el a1., 1964

....... _, sheep "' & NS 3&.0 5.580 A1be1da et a1., 198&

.- sheep NS 7 NS 38.0 7.&0 Abraham et al., 1981

....... co

......JTABLE 4-1 (cont.)

__,

I.D

I.D "\nute

N Group Spec1es Stra\n Sex No. of Age We1ght Volume Reference

> An1rnals (days) (kg) (l)

W11d11fe deer red NS NS NS 83.0 9.0 Hugh-Jones et a1., 1978

ferret M 9 NS 0.71150 0.1570 VInegar et a1., 1985

fox Arct1c NS 3 NS 3.60 0.6850 Casey et al., 1979

fox Arctic NS NS NS 3.60 0.6850 Withers et al., 1979

g\raffe NS NS NS 400 30.0 Hugh-Jones et al., 1976

lem\ng brownng NS NS NS 0.0640 0.05220 WHhers et al., 1979

lem1ng brown NS 6 NS 0.0640 0.05220 Casey et al., 1979

lem1ng collared NS 6 NS 0.0470 0.03020 Casey et al., 1979

lem1ng vary\ng NS NS NS 0.0470 0.03010 W\thers et al., 1979

llama NS NS NS 105.0 8.50 Hugh-Jones et al., 1976

lynx Canada NS 1 NS 12.930 3. 740 Casey et a 1., 1979

**~** lynx NS NS NS 12.930 3.740 Withers et al., 1979

I

-.1

manatee NS NS NS 250 45.0 lumb, 1963

marmot NS NS NS 2.130 0.1140 Lumb, 1963

muskrat M&F 10 NS 0.79450 0.3550 "acArthur, 1964

porpo1se NS NS NS 170 9.70 lumb, 1963

seal NS NS NS 27.520 3.970 lumb, 1963

sloth Bradypus gr1se- NS NS NS 3.10 0.4850 Lumb, 1963

sloth Cho lepus hoffm- NS NS NS 4.50 0.8440 Lumb, 1963

squ\rrel Arct1c ground NS 3 NS 0.680 0.4290 Casey et a1., 1979

squirrel Arct\c ground NS NS NS 1.460 0.4290 W\thers et al., 1979

vole tundra NS 6 NS 0.0320 0.02740 Casey et al., 1979

vole tundra NS NS NS 0.0320 0.02140 Withers et al., 1979

weasel least NS 4 NS 0.0750 0.05350 Casey et al., 1979

weasel least NS NS NS 0.0750 0.05350 W\thers et al., 1979

0 wolverine NS NS NS 14.0 2.9360 Withers et al., 1979

cc wolverine NS 3 NS 14.10 2.9360 Casey et al., 1979

....... __,

-411>

....... cc

-.1-' I.C

I.C

N

> 4/10

I

CD

0

I.C

........

0

CD

........ (X)

-.I Group Spedes

Birds bobwhl te burrowing owl

duck

duck goose ostrich pigeon

qua 11

Other lizard turtle

NS = Not specified Strain Sex H&F H&F

whlte peking NS

NS

NS

NS

NS

painted NS

monitor diamond-back NS TABLE 4-1 (cont.) Minute

No. of Age We\ght Volume Referem::e

Animals (days) (kg} (l)

5 NS o. 1990 0.1350 Boggs and Kilgore, 1983

5 NS 0.1660 0.1290 Boggs and Kilgore, 1983

5 NS 2.50 0.9310 Jones, 1985

NS NS 1.60 0.7650 laslewskl and Calder, 1971

NS NS 6.80 1.50 laslewskl and Calder, 1971

NS NS 88.0 8.10 .. laslewskl and Calder, 1971

NS NS 0.3820 0.12740 Laslewsk\ and Calder, 1971

NS NS 0.04340 0.02380 Laslewsk\ and Calder, 1971

4 NS 0.030 0.00140 Blckler and Anderson, 1986

NS NS 0.6850 0.0510 Lumb, 1963

# from studies on inhalaUon exposure of free-living animals, the use of an

activity correction factor may be appropriate.

The 

# U.S. EPA (1980) has used the following equations to calculate

inhalation rates (I) in units of m 3 

# /day for mice and rats:

I (mice) 

# = 0.0345[W/0.025] 213

I (rats)

= 

# O.l05[W/0.133] 213 ( 4-l)

(4-2)

where W is body weight in kg. The equaUon for rats is based on observations summarized by Altman and Dittmer (1972) and originally published by

Guyton (1947). in which rats with a mean body weight of 0.1128 had a mean

minute volume of 72.9 m!l. (0.105 m 3 

# /day). The equaUon for mice is similarly derived but the mouse weight is erroneously indicated to be 0.025 kg.

The actual value reported by Guyton (1947) is 0.0198 kg and is reported in

Altman and Dittmer (1972) as 0.02 kg. The minute volume reported by Guyton

(1947) is 24.54 m!l. (0.0353 m 3 

# /day). Taking body weight raUos to the

2/3 

# power assumes that breathing rates are proportional to body surface area.

Reported minute volumes for a wide range of animals at rest are

summarized in Table 4-l and illustrated in Figures 4-l (linear plot) and 4-2

(log-log plot). While Figure 4-2 shows a relatively clear relationship

between log body weight and log minute volume, certain points are atypical

and are not considered in the derivation of recommended values. Three of

these points come from the study by Amoroso et al. (1964): sheep. miniature

pigs, and Guernsey cattle. Most of the reported values given by Amoroso et

al. (1964) are high compared with other studies. In this study, tidal

volume was measured by a flow transducer attached to a mask that was sealed

with jelly and made air-tight with an inflatable cuff. In addition, none of

the animals were trained or subjected to such measurements prior to the

published recordings. These factors may have contributed to the atypically

high recorded minute volumes.

1992A 4-9 09/03/87

# •

... 

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# .. 

# .. ..

.. 

# .. 

# .. .. 

# .

. .. 

# . .. 

# .

.. .. 

# . 

# . .

.. 

# . .. .. 

# ..



# . .. 

# .. 

# . ..

.. 

# . .. .. 

# ..

.. 

# ................ :



# ................... ·:· "'



# ................**~** 

# ....... ., 

# ...... -:·



# ............ :



# ............... ..



# . . . .. ..



# . .. .. 

# .. 

# .

. .. .. 

# .. 

# .

.. 

# . . .. 

# . : 

# : : 

# . : :



# : : 

# : 

# . : : 

# •



# . .. 

# . 

# .

..



# . 

# .

. 

# .

. 

# . .

· · • • • • · · • · I

· · • • · · · · · · · ·:· · · · · · · · · • · ·: · · · · · · · · · · · ·:·• · · · · · · · • • · 

# i

· • · • · • • • • •



# • 

# . 

# . . 

# . 

# ..

: 

# . : : 

# .**~**



# . . 

# .

. 

# .

. 

# .

. 

# .

. 

# .

Body Weight in Kilogra••



# FIGURE 4-1

l1near Plot of the Relat1onsh1p of

M1nute Volume (t) 

# to Body We1ght (kg)



# 4-10 08/14/87

# •

... 

# •

<tJ 

# 1.1001



# .... ..J



# c



# .... 

# • 

# •

='



# .... 0



# > 

# •**1.1~** <tJ 

# ='



# c



# .... E



# 1992A 

# •

:



# . 

# . . 

# . 

# ..

• •

.. •

.. • •

.. .. • • • • • • • • • • • •

.. ..... .. .. •

.. •

.. .. • • • • #

.................................... , .............. .



# . . .. 

# .. 

# . : : 

# : : : 

# .. 

# .

. . . . . 

# . 

# . : : : : : . =· : : 

# : :



# . 

# . :.· 

# .

: : 

# :



# . 

# -

:



# .......... 

# :

........... 

# ·:·

........... 

# :

........... ;

.**~** 

# ......**~** 

# .**-~** 

# ..•.......

: : : e; •**~·** 

# :



# . . . rti!'·. •

. : 

# : :



# . 

# . : 

# .: : : • • « :

: 

# : :**~.** 

# .

. :



# . ......... :

........... ·:·

...........**~** 

# ... , .. I! io ••• -:· •••••••••••**~** 

# .......... . 

# : : 

# :• 

# . . 

# . : :

: 

# : 

# . .,:.......

: 

# : 

# : : 

# ..•

:



# . ; 

# :

: : "'ff'TT• • : • : :



# ............ ;



# ........ 

# , ... 

# , .....•..... ;



# ............. ..:



# ............. 

# :



# ......... . : 

# . .... 

# . : 

# : 

# :

: 

# "'

··-·

. : 

# : :



# . 

# . -·

.

. 

# . . : 

# . . 

# . ... : :



# .. . 

# . : : :



# .

. 

# . : 

# :



# .

•

.. .. .. • • • •

.. • !.

.................. ·:·

............... ·:

.............. 

# ·=·

............. •)•

......... .



# • 

# ·= : : : :

. . . . ..



# . .. 

# . .. ..



# .. 

# . . "



# .



# . . .. 

# .

..



# . . . .. 

# .



# . .

Body Weight in Kilograms



# FIGURE 4-2

log-log Plot of the Relat1onsh1p of

Minute Volume (l) to Body We1ght {kg)

4-11 08/14/87

# In the study by Lai et al. {1978). 

# one group of rats. subjected to

tracheal cannulation without anesthesia. had an atypically high mean minute

vo 1 ume compared with three other groups ; n the study and compared with

minute volumes of rats reported in other studies. This group of rats is not

used in the recommendation of reference values.

Also excluded are reported minute volumes for the Monitor lizard {Lumb.

1963). 

# the Diamond-back turtle {Bickler and Anderson. 1986} 

# and the value

reported for horses by NAS (1971).



# The exclusion of the above points is not intended to suggest that the

studies were flawed or that the values are erroneous or necessarily outliers

in the statistical sense. Given the experimental difficulties in recording

minute volumes. the substantial degree of scatter is to be expected.

Nonetheless. the excluded points are clearly at variance with the majority

of the data on the same species or other species of similar body weights.

The exclusion of these points does not have a substantial effect on the

statistical analyses below or on the recommendations of reference inhalation

rates for risk assessment.

The work of Guyton {1947) 

# is the best study of comparative respiratory

volumes in laboratory animals and is commonly cited in the recent literature

as the basis for assumed respiratory volumes. Guyton {1947} 

# used five

different methods. only one of which involved anesthesia. to measure respiratory rates of animals at rest. As noted by Guyton {1947) 

# and confirmed by

the larger data set in Figure 4-2. 

# there is a strong positive correlation

between body weight and minute volume for species, covering a substantial

weight range (0.0066-600 

# kg). As noted by Guyton {1947) 

# and Adolph (1949},



# however. this relationship does not appear to be based on the surface area

proportionality. Guyton (1947} 

# proposed a 

# proportionality of body weight to

l992A 4-12 

# 09/03/87

# the 3/4 power. An analysis of the data summarized in Table 4-l. excluding

only those points discussed previously. bears out this relationship remarkably well:

ln MV 

# = -0.88 + 

# 0.7579 ln (W) (4-3)

or

MV 

# = 0.46 (W) 0

' 7579 (4-4)

This relaUonship. along with summary staUsUcs. is illustrated in Figure

4-3. Equations 4-3 and 4-4 are recommended for calculaUng minute volumes

(MV in !I./minute) for body weight (W in kg) for animals at rest if 

# more

specific relationships. detailed below. are not available. Equation 4-4 can

be converted to a daily inhalation volume (I} by multiplying the right side

of the equation by 1.44 {60 minutes/hourx24 hours/day divided by 1000

ll.lm:a) to yield:

I 

# = 0.66 (W)0.7579 (4-5)

This equation is based on the breathing pattern of animals reportedly at

rest. When applied to risk assessments. consideraUon should be given to

upper or lower bound estimates of breathing rates. based on the summary

statistics provided in Figure 4-3. if unusually high or low levels of

activity are reported in the study under review.

No species. with the possible exceptions of the Monitor lizard and

Diamond-back turtle. are clear outliers to the above relationships. Even

for the apparent outliers. it is unclear if the differences in minute

volumes from those of species of similar body weights are due to true

species differences or experimental variability or error. Nonetheless. if

species-specific information is available on the relationship of body weight

l992A 4-13 09/03/87

# •

E

:I



# .... 0



# >



# •

+I



# :I



# c



# .,..

JC



# c

...J



# Ln Body 

# Weight.

10z -o.88283 

# Sit 0.0281 

# Tl ·31.41?

111 

# O. 7S794 Sit 0.010103 Ta ?5.021

COU: 0.91084 tSIZ 

# 0.1?593 tfl 

# J22



# FIGURE 4-3

Allometric Relat1onsh1p of

M1nute Volume (t) 

# to Body Weight (kg) for All 

# Species

1992A 

# 4-14 

# 08/14/87

# to inhalaUon rate. this informaUon should be used in deriving speciesspecific recommended values. As summar1zed in Table 4-2 and Figures 4-4

through 4-14, species-specific allometric equations can be proposed for most

species of concern in risk assessment. The high correlation coefficients

noted in Table 4-2 are generally due to separate clusters of points for very

young and adult animals. Most of the data on the breathing rates of newborn

animals come from the work of Mortola (1983, 1984) and Mortola and Noworaj

(1985). Recently. Mortola (1987) reviewed the available data on breathing

in newborn mammals. including an assessment of allometric relaUonships.

Within either group. young or adult animals. the correlation coefficients

are much lower, reflecting either experimental variability or the importance

of biological variables other than body weight. This intraspecies variation

is particularly evident in Figure 4-6, which plots data on individual Rhesus

monkeys reported by Karel and Weston (1946). The data reported by Cross

(1949) appear to be atypically low, both for human infants when compared

with the more recent data of Fisher et al. (1982) as for humans and monkeys

combined (see Figure 4-7). The allometric relationship for guinea pigs has

a very low correlation coefficient. The reasons for the poor correlation in

this species are not apparent.

l992A 4-15 09/03/87

# Animal Group TABU 4-2

Allometric Relationships for Inhalation Rate

in m 3 

# /day (I) to Body Weight in kg (W)

Allometric Equation r2

All species combined I 

# = 0

. 66 w0.7579 0.96

Monkeys I 0

. 81 w0.4862 0. 72

Guinea pigs I

:0 

# 0

. 44 w0.5156 0.32

Hamsters I

= 

# 0. 50 wO. 9017 0.86

Mice I 

# = 1

. 99 w1 .0496 0.87

Rats 1 

# = o.8o w0.8206 0.77

Cats I 

# = 0

. 32 w0.5945 0.81

Dogs I 

# = 0

. 67 w0.7091 0.89

Rabbits I

= 

# 0

. 46 w0.8307 0.88

1992A 4-16 Figure

4-3

4-5

4-8

4-9

4-10

4-11

4-12

4-13

4-14

09/03/87

# 1992A 

# •

E



# ::s



# .... 0 

# 1.4



# > 

# •

+'



# ::s

c



# .... 1:



# c

..l



# -o.l



# Ln Body 

# V•ight

1): 

# -o. ?0048 S!t 0.22409 Tc -3.1258

11: 0. iS865 Sl: 

# 0.01096? T• 9. 281

COD:

**0.~** 

# tSit 0.14002 

# tra tO



# FIGURE 4-4



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of

M1nute Volume (t) 

# to Body We1ght (kg) for Humans

4-11 

# 08/14/87

# I 0.09



# =

--4 

# 0 

# 0.04



# >



# •**~** 

# -o.Ol

c:

'1"4



# E



# c:

...J 

# -o.06

-o.u 

# . . ....

..... 

# ····:····



# .

. 

# .

.............................. " "



# .......... "



# ............. .

._ 

# .................................... .



# . . . 

# .

. . . .



# . . . 

# .

. . . .

. 

# . . 

# .

. 

# . 

# . .



# . .



# ....................................**-~** 

# ........................................................ w

...... ..



# . 

# . .

. . 

# .



# . . .



# . . . 

# .

. 

# . .

. 

# . .

. . . ·:·



# ................ ·:·



# ................... -:



# ................ -::·



# ................. .**~ ~**  

# .....**~.--·** 

# ...................**····~····** 

# -··

................ .



# . .. 

# ..... 

# .

126

Ln Body W•ight 

# 136 146 (X 0.01)



# lOt ..0.56924 Sll**0.~** 

# Tl ·2. ?634

Its 0.486tb 

# sr.a O.l'1b?S 

# Tc 2.15:)6

COlli 0.1162 Mill 

# ,,59441-3 H'l 

# 3



# l992A 

# FIGURE 4-5

Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of

M1nute Volume (t) 

# to Body We1ght (kg) for Monkeys

(All data 1n Table 4-1)

4-18 08/14/87

# I

:::s



# .... D



# >



# •

.tJ



# :::s 

# c



# ... 1:



# c

.J

# -~

Ln Body 

# Weight.

lOt -1.0573 Sit 0.39644 

# Tl -2.6669

111 

# t.o381 u: o.40928 Ta 

# a

. .,

COD r 

# 0. 3IK87 IU& 0. 14022 N 1 

# g'/



# FIGURE 4-6

Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of M1nute Volume (l)



# to Body We1ght (kg) for Ind1v1dual Rhesus Monkeys

(Data from Karel and Weston, 1946, not sumrnar1zed 1n Table 4-l)

l992A 4-19 08/14/87

# I**~**



# ... 0



# >



# •

+'**~** 

# c 

# '"

1:



# c

..J 

# .. ..



# ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . : ....•...•.....**-~·** 

# .:···1·: :·:

.....**·.~~:·:·** 

# ..·

.··

.

. 

# ··· :



# .. .

............. :..



# ...... ·.·:



# ...... :



# ...... ·:



# .

. . . ... 

# · 

# :

... · ·;

.. 

# ···:·

.... 

# .··

1



# Ln Body Weight.

IK)I**~.?.U~** 

# 511 

# 0.13836 Tl**-5.~**



# 111 

# 0.66789 Sl: 0.050731 Tl 

# 13.16S



# COlli 0.15935 t&IJ 

# 0.095919 

# tra 15



# FIGURE 4-7 4



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of H1nute Volume (t)



# to Body We1ght (kg) for Humans and Monkeys Comb1ned

1992A 4-20 08/14/87

# -o.e

-1.1 

# I

:I 

# -1.4



# ... 0



# > : 

# .···

··::·: :·:·::·: ••

# ~ •••.•••••••

# -~· ••••••• !' • ••

# f~ 

# ..**A.~.,.** ..

# ~·{:··········



# . . 

# . ... 

# . : : 

# :



# ... .... :



# •

.... :I 

# : : 

# ..•.**···~····** 

# .

... : .:.: :.:: .:.:**:.:.~.:.:** 

# :.:.·.:-•

, .•...**··~····.·:·:** 

# :·:·

..... ;

. . . . . . ... .:

............**:1.:.~:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:** 

# .. .

. .i-t\····-···-

... -

.. : 

# c:



# .... a: 

# ....... :.:l.l·

..**·:-:·:·~:·:~~--~** 

# ............**~** 

# ......... . ....**~** 

# ................. .

c:

...J 

# ..·· : 

# : :



# ..

Ln Body 

# W•ight

10:**-1.1~** 

# Sl:**0.~2** 

# Tr

..... 688f



# Ill 0. 51559 Sit 0. 21094 Tr 2.4442



# cous 0.5,113 t< 0.15895 

# M'l 13



# FIGURE 4-8

Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of M1nute Volume (l}



# to Body We1ght (kg} for Gu1nea P1gs

1992A 4-21 08/14/87

# •

E 

# ='



# .... 0



# > 

# •

..., ='

c



# .... 1:



# c

..1 

# -2.9



# •. .i····



# ..··



# . :



# ........



# . . .

.. • •

. .. . .. . . . . •

. . . .**~** 

# ... t···t.·: :·:·

.....**~** 

# .. ·:·:

;. •"



# ... .

.. .

.... 

# .. :



# ....... .

.... ,. 

# .



# .... .... 

# .... .... :



# Ln Body 

# Waoight

101 

# -1.054 SIJ 0. M428 Tl -4.3147

Iii 0.901£8 Sit 0.<*009 T• 9.5914



# COD: 0. 92'726 

# tU: 0.0"'956 Irs lS



# 1992A FIGURE 4-9



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of H1nute Volume {l)

to Body We1ght (kg) for Hamsters

4-22 -1.1



# 08/14/87

# .. •

:J



# .... 0



# >



# ..



# .. :J



# c



# .... z:



# c

...1



# Ln Body 

# W•ight**~~** 

# 0.32!599 Sll 0.2?64 

# Tl 1.1794-

111 t.ot9& 

# Sl• 0.0'7317 T• 14.228



# coo: 0.933U 1611 

# O.CKSC.T/ IF• 10

1992A FIGURE 4-10



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of M1nute Volume (t)



# to Body We1ght (kg) for M1ce

4-23 08/14/87

# • •

:J



# .... 0



# > 

# •

..., :J



# c:



# ..,..

E



# c:

.J 

# -1.1



# -2

Ln Body W•i.ght

lOa**~.S1838** 

# Sll 0.10607 Ta -s.4S31



# It I 

# o. 82061 Sll 0.06357 Tl 12.909



# COlli**o.~** 

# tus 0.09Ji.214

.,, 50



# 1992A FIGURE 4-11



# Allometr1c Relatlonshlp of M1nute Volume (t)



# to Body Welght (kg) for Rats

4-24 08/14/87

# •

I

:::1

.-4 

# 0



# > 

# •

..,t



# :::1



# c



# """ E



# c

...1



# Ln 

# Body Vei.ght



# lOt -1.1287 Sit 0.10625 

# Tl -10.623

111 

# 0.9151 Sll 

# 0.091?48 Tr ,.4?98

CODa 0.89869 

# ta: 0.07?98 IFI tO



# 1992A FIGURE 4-12

Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of M1nute Volume (l)



# to Body We1ght (kg) for Cats

4-25 08/14/87

# . . . .. 

# . .. 

# . .. .. 

# . :



# .... ·.:·



# . .. :



# .. 

# ··

...



# . ···:



# ...... ··



# .. 

# ··

. 

# . .. 

# .. . ...



# .. . .. ..

. . 

# ..

. 

# ..

. .

..

...

Ln Body 

# WeJ.ght



# _,1

-o.39103 Sll 

# 0.11066 Tl -2.2913

111 

# 0.?091 Sit 

# 0.06!S1S4 Tl10.883



# COlli 

# o. M212 tell 

# 0.0?180ol tfl 

# 15



# l992A FIGURE 4-13



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of M1nute Volume (t)



# to Body We1ght (kg) for Dogs

4-26 06/14/67

# ...... 

# ....

..... ..... ;



# .....

.... 

# .

..... 

# ..... :



# Ln Body Veight

!01 -(), 7827 

# Sll 0.14872 

# Tl 

# .-,.262?

11• 

# o. 8306S 

# ua o.tm T• '· S>f8

COUa 0.93585 

# &: 0.15914 Na 6



# FIGURE 4-14



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of M1nute Volume (l)



# to Body We1ght (kg) for Rabb1ts

l992A 4-27 08/14/87

# 5. WATER CONSUMPTION

The U.S. EPA (1980) has used a reference value of 2 l/day for water

consumpUon of a 70 kg man. The Office of Drinking Water uses this value

and a reference drinking water rate of l 9./day for a 10 

# kg child. The

Agency has not adopted recommended values for experimental animals.

The rate of water consumption can be affected by many factors including

ambient temperature. level of activity. diet. and abnormal physiological or

pathological conditions. Chew {1965) extensively reviewed the literature on

water balance in mammals. and a similar review was provided by Bartholomew

and Cade (1963) on land birds. More recent comprehensive reviews were not

found during the preparation of this report. Classic papers on water

metabolism include those by Adolph (1947) and Bailey (1923). Only a few of

the many examples of factors affecting water intake are given below.

The effects of reproductive status on water intake can be substantial.

For instance. pregnant or lactating cows consume about 4 times as much water

as nonlactating cows (Mount and Ingram. 1971). and chickens in the eggproducing stage consume about twice the amount of water of nonproducing

chickens (Howard. 1975).

Also. several examples have been reported on the effect of diet on water

consumption. For guinea pigs. the amount of "greens" {usually kale or

lettuce) in the diet is inversely related to water requirements. Guinea

pigs receiving a green food supplement require only 50-100 mt water/day.

but without the supplement. guinea pigs require 25-100 mi./day (Ediger.

1976). Dogs consuming canned food. with an average moisture content of 75%.

may not require any additional water consumption (Corbin. 1976). A significant increase in the salt content of the diet can substantially increase

1993A 5-l 09/03/87

# water consumption. as demonstrated in mink when given 1 and 2% salt-enhanced

diets. No change in water consumption was seen in mink fed a 0.5% saltenhanced diet {Erikson et al.. 1984). Variations of dietary salt within

normal limits does not appear to affect the water intake of humans (luft et



# a 1.. 

# 1983).

Seasonal dHferences or changes in ambient temperature also can affect

water intake for lions (Green et al .• 1984) and for turkeys (Parker et al .•

1972). Remarkable decreases in water and food consumption occur in hibernating animals before hibernation for marmots (Zatzman et al.. 1984). In

some cases, seasonal differences are not substantial. as with the early food

and water intake of neonatal calves (Kertz et al .• 1984).

In a study on chickens with hereditary diabetes insipidus, Dunson et al.

(1972} reviewed information on several strains of laboratory animals, none

of which are commonly used in toxicity bioassays. with hereditary polydipsia.

These and other confounding factors may be related to the generally poor

intraspecies correlations of water intake and body weight discussed below.

Despite the number of variables that can affect water consumpt1on, interspecies correlations covering a wide range of body weights are generally

high. Using data on several mammalian spec1es. Adolph (1943} proposed the

following relationship:



# l ::: 0.01 

# W 0

• 88 

# ( 5-l )

where l is water consumption in mll./hour and W 

# is body weight in grams. A

similar relationship 

# (W 0

• 9 ) 

# had been noted somewhat earlier by Richter

( 1938}

.

Table 5-l summarizes data on water consumption for several species of

animals. [Many of the references cited in this· table are reviews or

standard texts {Arrington, 1978; Bruce. 1950; Chew, 1975; Cizek, 1961;

1993A 5-2 09/03/87TABlE 5-l

Water Consumption Data on Various **Anl~l** Groups

.....

...0

...0 Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Water Reference

(.,) >

**Anl~ls** (days) (t/day)

Primates baboon f. urslnus NS 21.1 l. 31 Chew, 19&5

human M 70 2.184 Adolph and Dill, 1938

human M ()5 2.275 **Alt~n** and Dittmer, 19&8

**hu~n** M 24 &935t- 78.() 3.239 luft et al., 1983

monkey rhesus F 8 0.45 Templeton, 19&8

monkey rhesus F 9 0.45 Arrington, 1972

monkey rhesus M 11 0.45 Arrington, 1972

monkey rhesus M 11 0.45 Templeton, 19&8

monkey NS NS 5.45 0.39 Chew, 19&5

laboratory gerbil Mongolian M&F 20 215 0.0&125 0.0038 Harriman, 19&9a

U"'' rodents

I (.,)

gerbil Mongolian M&F 1&-20 adult 0.0&125 0.005&5 McManus, 1972

gerbl 1 Mongolian f 0.075 0.004 Templeton, 19&8

gerbil F 0.075 0.004 Arrington, 1972

gerbil Mongolian M 0.085 0.004 Templeton, 19&8

gerbil Mongolian M 11 70-80 0.0705 0.0055 laughlin et al., 1975

gerb11 M 0.085 0.004 Arrington, 1972

guinea pig f 1.025 0.09 Arrfngton, 1972

guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 10 0.2 0.04 Hirsch, 1973

guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 20 0.27 0.052 Hirsch, 1973

guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 30 0.11 0.08 Hirsch, 1973

guinea plg albino short-hair M 5 ()0 0.52 0.11 Hirsch, 1973

guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 40 0.415 0.115 Hirsch, 1913

guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 50 0.48 0.12 Hirsch, 1973

0

(XI guinea plg albino short-hair M 5 70 0.58 0.151 Hirsch, 1973

...... guinea plg M 1.2 0.09 Arrington, 1972

.....

-...I

...... (XI

-...ITABLE5-l(cont.)...1GroupSpec1esStra1nSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtwaterReference..0Animals(days)(t/day)..0w>LaboratorygulneaplgNS0.10.08latt,197brodentsgulneaplgNSadult0.80.084Bruce,1950gulneaplgNSadult0.80.084lane-Peteretal.,19b7gulneaplgNS0.30.12Latt,197bgulneaplgNS0.40.145Latt,197bgulneap1gNS0.5O.lbLatt,197bgulneaplgNS0.70.18Latt,197bgu1neap1gF10.09Templeton,19b8gu1neap1g"1.20.09Templeton,19b8hamsterSyr1anF0.05450.009Templeton,19b8hamsterSyrianF0.11750.01Arrington,1972hamsterSyrlan"0.051250.009Templeton,19b8hamstergoldenNSadult0.090.008lane-Peteretal.,19b71.11IhamsterNS0.0250.005Latt.197b.jilohamsterNSadult0.090.008Bruce,1950hamsterNS0.050.01latt,197bhamsterNS0.10.02latt,197bhamsterNS0.150.025latt,197bmouseA/JF15(100-110)0.02090.0047Kutscher,1974mouseBALB/cF15(100-110)0.02010.005&Kutscher,1974mouseCBAF15(100-110)0.02590.00ti5Kutscher,1974mouseCrl,CO-l,CR,BRF401820.030750.00&3Chvedoffetal.,1980mouseCrl,CD-1,CR,8RF403&40.034750.007bChvedoffetal.,1980mouseCrl,CD-l,lCR,BRF4054ti0.033750.001>45Chvedoffetal.,1980mouseC3HF15(100-110)0.02280.00ti2Kutscher,1974mouseC5781/&Jmsfb30.02520.00359Suzukietal.,19750mouseC57F15(100-110)0.02230.00&2Kutscher,1914c:cmouseDBAf15(100-110)0.02470.0079Kutscher,1974..........1-..1.......mouseSTR/1NF131520.02840.00&8Silverstein,19&0c:c-..1TABLE 5-1 (cont.)

_,

1.0 Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Water Reference

1.0 Animals (days) t-./day)

(..) > Laboratory mouse SWR f 15 (100-110) 0.0217 0.011 Kutscher, 1974

rodents

(cont.) mouse whlte F 8 ( 105-120) 0.0282 0.009& Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

mouse whlte F 8 39& 0.0335 0.010& Chew and H\negardner, 1957

mouse whlte f 8 70 0.0248 0.0107 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

mouse f 0.02&5 0.0055 **Arrington~** 1972

mouse A/HeN " 12 152 0.0297 O.OOA8 Silverstein, 19&0

mouse AIJ " 15 ( 100-110 J 0.0252 0.0049 Kutscher, 1974

mouse AILN " 7 152 0.0241 0.0057 Silverstein, 19&0

mouse 8ALB/cAnN " 8 152 0.025& 0.0043 S\lversteln, 19&0

mouse BALB/c " 15 (100-110) 0.027 0.0048 Kutscher, 1974

mouse CBA " 15 (100-110) 0.031 0.0071 Kutscher, 1974

mouse Charles River " 7 adult 0.0453 0.0043 Oelacey et al., 1975

V'l mouse Charles River " 8 adult 0.0424 0.00479 Delacey et al., 1975

I

V'l

mouse Crl,CO-l,CR,BR " 40 182 0.0405 0.00&5 Chvedoff et al., 1980

mouse Crl,CO-l,CR,BR " 40 54& 0.04475 0.00715 Chvedoff et a1., 1980

mouse Cr1,CD-l,CR,BR " 40 3&4 0.0455 0.00835 Chvedoff et a1., 1980

mouse C3H " 15 (100-110) 0.02&4 0.00&8 Kutscher, 1974

mouse C5781/&Jms " &0 0.0287 0.00391 Suzuki et al., 1975

mouse C57L/HeN H 13 152 0.02&4 0.004& Silverstein, 19&0

mouse C57 " 15 ( 100-110) 0.0275 0.00&& Kutscher, 1974

mouse OBA/2JN " 9 152 0.02&5 0.0054 S\1versteln, 19&0

mouse DBA " 15 (100-110) 0.0309 0.0078 Kutscher, 1974

mouse STR/N H 12 152 0.0291 0.01 Sllverste\n, 19&0

mouse STR/lN " 8 152 0.0337 0.01 Sllverste\n, 19&0

0 mouse SWR " 15 (100-110) 0.028& 0.0094 Kutscher, 197 4

1.0

' 0 mouse white H 8 39& 0.03&9 0.010& Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

co mouse whHe " 8 (105-120) 0.0324 0.0109 Chew and H\negardner, 1957

' co mouse whHe H 8 70 0.0297 0.0121 Chew and H\negardner, 1957

-.JTABLE 5-l (cont.)

_. Group Specles Stra l n Sex No. of Age Welght Water Reference

\0 Anlmals (days) (l/day)

\0

(...)

>

laboratory mouse M 0.03 0.0055 Arr1ngton, 1912

rodents

(cont.) mouse alb1no NS 0.02875 0.00735 Chew, 1965

mouse deer NS adult 0.02 0.005 Bruce, 1950

mouse deer NS adult 0.02 0.005 lane-Peter et al., 1967

mouse deer NS 0.0189 0.0235 Chew, 1965

mouse meadow NS 0.0315 0.066 Chew, 1965

mouse p1ne NS 0.0182 0.0018 Chew, 1965

mouse whHe-foot NS 0.02425 0.0355 Chew, 1965

mouse whHe NS 0.029 0.00115 Chew, 1965

mouse NS weanHng 0.008 0.0025 Bruce, 1950

mouse NS 0.01 0.003 lat t, 1976

mouse NS 0.025 0.005 Latl, 1976

mouse NS adult 0.025 0.006 Bruce, 1950

U"' mouse NS adult 0.025 0.006 lane-Peter et al., 1967

i

"' mouse NS 0.05 0.006 Latt, 1976

mouse NS 0.075 0.008 latt, 1976

mouse whHe adult 0.0275 0.0065 Bruce, 1950

rat kangaroo M&F 4 0.105 0.0058 Dalley, 1923

rat F 0.29 0.0275 l\rr1ngton, 1912

rat F 1 adult 0.26 0.028 Bruce, 1950

rat F 1 adult 0.36 0.03 Bruce, 1950

rat F 1 adult 0.26 0.038 Bruce, 1950

rat F l adult 0.275 0.085 Bruce, 1950

rat F 1 adult 0.36 0.085 Bruce, 1950

rat alblno M 14 (80-105) 0.2891 0.0354 Moyer, 1966

rat Sprague-Daw1ey M 10 24-52 0.05 0.0136 Delorme and Wojclk, 1982

rat Sprague-Dawley M 10 24-52 0.05 0.0136 Delorme and Wojclk, 1982

0 rat Sprague-Dawley M 10 24-52 0.05 0.019 Delorme and Wojclk, 1982

CD rat Sprague-Dawley M 10 24-52 0.05 0.0242 Delorme and Wojclk, 1982

' _. ...... rat Sprague-Dawley M 10 24-52 0.05 0.0242 Delorme and Wojclk, 1982

' CD ......TABlE 5-l (cont.)

_, Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Water Reference

!oD Animals (days) ( t/day)

!oD (..:!

> Laboratory rat Sprague-Dawley " 10 24-52 0.05 0.0289 Delorme and Wojc1k, 1982

rodents

(cont.) rat Sprague-Dawley " 10 24-52 0.05 0.0289 Delorme and Wojcik, 1982

rat Sprague-Dawley " 8 +12 0.442 0.039 Grunberg et al., 1984

rat Sprague-Dawley " 8 180 0.38 0.04 Grunberg et al., 1984

rat Sprague-Dawley M 8 +6 0.422 0.041 Grunberg et al., 1984

rat M 0.375 0.0275 Arr lngton. 1972

rat albino NS adult 0.3 0.024 lane-Peter et al., 1967

rat cotton NS young 0.13 0.023 Bruce, 1950

adult

rat cotton NS young 0.13 0.023 lane-Peter et al .• 1967

adult

rat D. morroensls NS 0.0&8 0.0148 Chew, 1965

l..n rat D. panam\nH lnu NS 0.079 0.01& Chew, 1965

l rat Norway albino NS 0.207 0.027 Chew, 1965

-...1 rat Norway NS 0.241 0.02145 Chew, 1965

rat wood NS 0.139 0.0181 Chew, 19&5

rat wood NS 0.11 0.03&& Chew, 19&5

rat wood NS 0.05 0.01 Latt, 1976

rat NS 0.1 0.02 latt, 197&

rat NS adult 0.25 0.02 Bruce, 1950

rat NS adult 0.3 0.024 Bruce, 1950

rat NS 0.15 0.025 Latt, 197&

rat NS 0.2 0.03 Latt, 1976

rat NS adult 0.225 0.031 Adolph, 1947

rat NS 0.25 0.035 Latt, 1976

Other cat F 3 0.3 Arrtngton. 1978

laboratory

manna 1 s cat F 3 0.3 Templeton. 1968

0

(X) cat mixed " 12 +7 4.5 0. 152& laton et al., 1984

....... _, cat mixed M 12 +42 4.3 0.1772 laton et al., 1984

-...1 cat mixed " 12 +21 4.4 0.1822 laton et al., 1984

....... (X)

-...1TABLE 5-l (cont.)

...... Spec\es

..0 Group Stra\n Sex No. of Age We1ght Water Reference

..0 An\mals (days) It/day)

(,.) > Other cat m1xed M 10 t-63 4.2 0.184 laton et al., 1984

laboratory cat mhed M 5 •294 4.6 0.1863 laton et a1., 1984

mammals cat m\xed M 6 t-147 4.2 0.1877 laton et a1., 1984

I cont.) cat m\xed M 9 t-91 4.1 0.1942 laton et al., 1984

cat m1xed M 8 +119 4.1 0.2001 laton et al., 1984

cat m\xed M 6 t-203 4.3 0.206 laton et al., 1984

cat m1xed M 6 +245 4.5 0.207 Taton et al., 1984

cat m\xed M 5 +336 4.6 0. 2199 laton et al., 1984

cat m\xed M 6 •175 4.3 0.227 laton et al., 1984

cat M 3 0.3 Arr\ngton, 1978

cat M 3 0.3 Templeton, 1968

cat NS 4.49 0.32 Chew, 1965

cat NS 4.49 0.32 Chew, 19o5

dog M&F 8 adult 24 0.8 Brown et al., 1984

IJ'I dog beagle F 11.5 0.3 Arr\ngton, 1972

I

co dog beagle F 14.5 0.35 Templeton, 19o8

dog mongrel F 7 730 .. 15.9 0.33128 Golob et al., 1977

dog mongrel F 7 730 .. 15.9 0.5669 Golob et al., 1977

dog beagle M 15.5 0.3 Arr1ngton, 1972

dog beagle M 15.5 0.35 Templeton, 1968

dog greyhounds NS 4 29.2 1.005 McKeever et al., 1985

dog greyhounds NS 4 28.5 1.333 McKeever et a1., 1985

rabbH Dutch F 6 •185 2.32 0.114 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 6 •164 2.3 0.175 Chek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 6 t-70 2.13 0.185 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F fi +112 2.28 0.185 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 6 t-143 2.29 0.185 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 12 2.571 0.187 Chek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 12 +183 2.511 0.187 C1zek, 1961

0 rabbH Dutch F 6 t-91 2.19 0.195 C1zek, 1961

co rabb1t Dutch F 12 +0 2.165 0.219 C1zek, 1961

........ rabbH Dutch F 6 +07 1.79 0.22 C1zek, 1961

...... ...,) rabb1t Dutch F 6 t-21 1.89 0.225 Chek, 1961

........ rabbH Dutch F 6 +35 1.96 0.226 Chek, 1961

co

...,) rabbH Dutch F 6 •49 2.07 0.226 C1zek, 1961TABlE 5-l (cont.)

..... Group Spec1es Straln Sex No. of Age Welght Water Reference

I.C

I.C Anlmals (days) (l/day)

<A > Other rabbH New Zealand wh1te F 5 0.3 Templeton, 19&8

laboratory malllllCI1s rabbH F 5 0.3 llrr1ngton, 1972

(cont.)

rabbH Dutch " 12 +183 2.002 O.Hi!i C1zek, 19&1

rabb1t Dutch " b +115 2.2 0.1&9 Chek, 191)1

rabb1t Dutch " b +154 2.23 0.11 C hek, 19& 1

rabbH Dutch " b +133 2.19 0.178 Chek, 191)1

rabbH Dutch " b +70 2.22 0.185 Chek, 19&1

rabbH Dutch " b +112 2.27 0.188 Chek, 191) l

rabb\t Dutch " b +91 2.23 0.19 Chek, 191) 1

rabb1t Dutch " 12 .. o 1.799 0.202 C1zek, 191)1

rabb1t Dutch " b +49 2. 1b 0.21 Chek, 19&1

rabbH Dutch " b +21 1.95 0.224 Chek, 19&1

rabbH Dutch " b +35 2.09 0.225 Chek, 191)1

rabbH Dutch " I) +07 1.91 0.255 Chek, 19&1

rabbH New Zealand wh1te " 4.5 0.3 Templeton. 191)8

1.1'1 rabb1t New Zealand wh1te " 10 2.1&8 0.3&9 Chek, 19&1

I

I.C 4.5

rabb1t " 0.3 Arr 1ngton, 1972

rabbH albino + CB NS 11 adult 2.8 0.3& Bruce, 1950

rabbit albino & cross NS ll 2.8 0.3& lane-Peter et a1., 19&7

rabbit Dutch NS 22 adult 2.1 0.319 Bruce, 1950

rabbit Dutch NS 22 2.1 0.319 Lane-Peter et al., 19&7

rabbH Himalayan NS 1& adult 1.9 0.245 Bruce, 1950

rabb1t Himalayan NS lb 1.9 0.245 lane-Peter et al., 19&7

rabb\t lop eared NS 10 adult 3.5 0.44& Bruce, 1950

rabbH lop eared NS 10 3.5 0.44& lane-Peter et a1., 191)7

rabbH several NS 59 adult 2.4 0.328 Bruce, 1950

c rabbH NS adult 2.5 0.1& Kennaway, 1943

(I:) .......

..... lane-Peter et al., 19&7

......, rabbit NS 59 2.4 0.328

....... rabbH NS adult 2.4 0.328 lane-Peter et al., 19&7

(I:)

......,TABLE5-l(cont.)_.GroupSpec1esStra1nSexNo.ofAgeWe1ghtWaterReference\DAn1mals(days)(l/day)\D(;.:)>OtherrabbHDutch2.140.201Chew,1965laboratoryrabbHDutch2.140.201Chew,1965malflllills(cont.)Lhestockcatt1eZebuM&F15111.935Chew,1965cattleZebuM&F15111.935Chew,1965cattleholstelnF73619162AtkesonandWarren,1934cattleholsteinF73b05205AtkesonandWarren,1934cattleholsteinF73330241.6AtkesonandWarren,1934cattleholste1nF73330422AtkesonandWarren,1934cattlejersey,holste1nF42717.92Chew,1965cattleshorthornF63232.24Chew,1965cattleHO,H,Tl"1231343.1Beckeretal.,1985cattleKumaun1"3408.9Chew,1965U"'cattlesteer"3918.53Chew,1965I_.chickenbrownleghornF161.650.115Howard,19750ch1ckenbrownleghornF161.650.225Howard,1975chickenwhiteleghorn"42.2570.614DunsonandBuss,1968chickenwhHeleghorn"61.6030.119Dunsonetal.,1972chickenwhHeleghornNS14210.1830.042DunsonandBuss,1968ch1ckenwhHeleghornNS4280.20.043DunsonandBuss,1968chickenwhHeleghornNSB280.320.046DunsonandBuss,1968chickenwhHeleghornNS1584-1961.5320.13DunsonandBuss.1968cowNS201844.111Kertzetal.,1984cowNS201144.431.14Kertzetal.,1984cowNS202547.21.18Kertzetal.,1984cowNS203152.652.59Kertzetal.,19840horsepony"4202.58.7Sufltetal.,1985CD......_.horseNS61176Chew,1965-..Ipigf..angulatusNS23.62.2Chew,1965......CD-..ITABLE 5-1 (cont.)

.... Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Water Reference

1.0

1.0 Animals (days) (l/day)

(..;)

> Livestock pig wh1te cross NS 51 28 5.49 0. 71 Brooks et al., 19B4

(cont.) pig white cross NS 51 28 6.15 0.14 Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 51 35 7.15 1.09 Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 51 35 7.99 1. 31 Brooks et al., 1984

pig wh1te cross NS 51 42 9. 77 l.b3 Brooks et al., 1984

ply whHe cross NS 51 49 13.0b 2.15 Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 51 42 lO.b 2 .lb Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 51 42 13.b 2.58 Brooks et al., 19B4

pig NS 45.5 8.38 Chew, 1965

pig NS 149.9 8.7 Chew, 1965

sheep Corrleda1e NS 52.7 2.0b Chew, 19b5

sheep Merino NS 29.9 1.17 Chew, 19b5

Wildlife camel Oromedarlus NS 243 3.18 Chew, 19b5

deer desert mule NS 22.35 1.47 Chew, 19b5

deer var lous NS 34.95 2.84 Chew, 19b5

elephant f. maxlmus NS 3630 139 Chew, 19&5

(,M ferret domestic f adult 0.675 0.0875 Moody et al., 1985

I ferret

.... domestic M adult 2.025 0.0875 Moody et al., 1985

.... lion F 1 149 0.8 Green et al, 1984

lion M 1 91 1.07 Green et al, 1984

lion M 1 193 3.98 Green et al, 1984

marmot yellow-be llled F 9 +14 3.81 0.134 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-be 111 ed f 9 +28 3.86 0.182 Zatzman et a 1., 1984

marmot yellow-bellied M 9 +175 5.32 0.034 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bellied M 9 +168 5.33 0.041 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bellied M 9 •154 5.29 0.063 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bellied M 9 •140 5.46 0.089 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bellied M 9 •126 5.5 0.117 Zatzman et a 1., 1984

marmot yellow-be llled M 9 +112 5.45 0.145 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bell led M 9 •98 5.39 0.187 zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bellied M 9 •42 4.&2 0.191 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-be 111 ed M 9 •5b 4.76 0.211 Zatzman et a 1., 1984

marmot yellow-be1Ued M 9 •84 5.19 0.228 Zatzman et al.. 1984

marmot yellow-bel ned M 9 •70 4.95 0.231 Zatzman et a1., 1984

mink " 4 1.613 0.175 Eriksson et al. 1984

c

(X) shrew short-tailed Chew, 1965

........ NS 0.0258 0.0125

.... squirrel C. leucurus NS 0.085 0.0102 Chew, 1965

....J

........ squirrel ground NS 0.0925 0.0134 Chew, 1965

(X)

....J.- **~**

**~** (...)

> U"!

I

.-

1'\)

0

CXl

...... .-

-...J

...... <=

-...J Group Spedes

W\ldlHe vole

(cont.) vole vole

Birds Br. mourning dov

Br. Budgerygah

Br. finch

Br. pheasant

Br. pheasant

Br. pheasant

Br. pheasant

Br. qua ll

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. sparrow

Br. towhee

Br. towhee

Br. turkey

NS Not specified Strain meadow red-backed

tundra Zenaldura mac.

house game

game

game

game Cal Horn Ia

house

Savannah

Savannah

Savannah

song

song

song wh\te-throated whHe-throated

Aberts

brown Amerine, Nichola TABlE 5-l (cont.)

Sex No. of Age Weight Water Reference

Animals (days) (.t/day)

NS 7 (40-50) 0.045 0.00205 laughlin et al., 1975

NS 0.0279 0.025 Chew, 1965

NS 0.0426 0.0158 Chew, 1965

NS 0.104 0.0103 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.03 0.0025 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0206 0.0033 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

M&F many -20 0.112 0.029 W1se and Connan, 1979

M&F many -40 0.325 0.061 Wise and Connan, 1979

M&F many -60 0.625 0.075 Wise and Connan, 1979

M&F many -80 0.93 0.078 Wise and Connan, 1979

NS 0.139 0.0072 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0173 0.0057 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0175 0.0102 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.019 0.0131 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.017 0.011 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0168 0.0035 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0182 0.0076 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0164 0.0086 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.023 0.0061 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0265 0.0102 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0468 0.011 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

NS 0.0437 0.0069 Bartholomew and Cade, 1963

M 80 294,329 13.4 0.605 Parker et a1., 1972

# Templeton. 1968; Lane-Peter et al.. 1967). Data on water intake that did

not specify a body weight are excluded from this table. Statistical

analyses of the data reported in Table 5-l that are most relevant to risk

assessment are given in Table 5-2 and illustrated in Figures 5-l through 5-6.

More so than the data on minute volumes. the data on water consumption

show marked intraspecies variability. The only points that are clear

outliers. however. are the male marmots [just before hibernation (Zatzman et

al.. 1984)]. which are excluded from the statistical analyses. As illustrated in Figure 5-2. a high correlation is apparent across all species in

the allometric relationship of water consumption to body weight:

L

= 

# 0.11 

# w 0

· 7872

r 2



# = 

# 0.93 (5-2)

where L is water consumption and W is body weight in grams. Similar

equations and high correlation coefficients are obtained by combining all

data on primates (Figure 5-3: includes data on humans. baboons and monkeys).

and laboratory mammals (Figure 5-4: includes data on gerbils. guinea pigs.

hamsters. mice. rats. cats. dogs and rabbits). Intraspecies correlations

are much lower. Only the allometric relationship for the dog. illustrated

in Figure 5-5. has a reasonably high (0.87) correlation coefficient and

differs remarkably from the general equation (Eq. 5-2). The studies on dogs

by Brown et al. (1984). Golob et al. (1977) and McKeever et al. (1985) are

well documented and reasonably consistent with the ear11er values given in

the secondary sources (Arrington. 1972; Templeton. 1968).

Water consumption for dogs and other species will vary greatly. depending on the moisture content of the chow. Allometric relationships to

account for this dependency are given in Chapter 7.

1993A 5-13 09/03/87

# TABLE 5-2

Species and Group Specific Allometric Relationships for Water

Consumption in l/day to Body Weight in kg (W)a

Animal Group Allometric Equation r2 Figure

All species combined t 

# = 0

. 11 w0.7872 0.93 5-2

Primates 

# "= 0

. 09 w0.7945 0.95 5-3

Laboratory mammals t = 

# o.1o wo. 7377 0.88 5-4

Laboratory rodents tb 0

. 11 w0.7o82 0.68 NA

Gerbils tb 

# = O.OOlw-0.546 -0.44 NA

Guinea pigs tb 

# = 0.11 wO.l554 0.09 NA

Hamsters tb 

# = o.oo wO.o583 0.55 NA

Mice tb 

# = o.o 4 w0.47oo 0.08 NA

Rats tb

= 

# o.oo w0.4138 0.24 NA

Cats ta.b

= 

# 0.76 w-0.886 -0.36 NA

Dogs tb

= 

# 0.004Wl.6388 0.87 5-5

Rabbits tb

= 

# o.l5 w0.5lol 0.22 NA

Chickens t 

# = 0

. 13 w0.7555 0.74 5-6

alf data are available on the diet {dry or moist) use equations on Table 7-2.

This is particularly important for dogs and cats.

bNot recommended for derivng recommended values. Use equation for laboratory

mammals.

l993A 5-14 09/03/87

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# FIGURE 5-l

Plot of Water Consumpt\on (t/day) vs. Body We\ght (kg) for All Spec1es

(See Table 5-l for po1nts and 

# references)

1993A 5-15 08/17/87

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# FIGURE 5-2

Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Dr1nk1ng Water (t/day) to

Body We1ght (kg) for All Spec1es. Except Marmots

5-16 

# DB/17/87

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# Allometr1c Relat\onsh1p of Dr1nk\ng Water (t/day) to Body We1ght (kg) for Pr1mates

5-17 4.5



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FIGURE 5-4

Allometr'c Relat1onsh'p of Dr,nk:1ng Water (t/day) to Body We1ght (k:g)

for Laboratory Manmals (Gerbns, Gu,nea P'gs, Hamsters, M1ce, Rats, Cats, Dogs and Rabb1ts).



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Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Or1nk1ng Water (t/day} to Body We1ght (kg) for Dogs

5-19 08117/87

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Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Dr1nk1ng Water (t/day) to Body We1ght (kg) for Ch1ckens

1993A 

# 5-20 08/17/87

# 6. FOOD CONSUMPTION

Clear allometrlc relationships have been demonstrated between metabolic

rate and body weight. These have been discussed at some length in both the

classic literature (Brody. 1945; Benedict. 1938) and recent publications

(Davidson et al.. 1986). No allometric equations relating food consumption

to body weight. however. were found in the literature. The same factors

that affect water consumption rates can affect food consumption ( Bl unde 11

and Latham. 1979). For instance. Shirley (1984) demonstrated that pregnant

or lactatlng Fischer rats consume about twice the amount of food per day as

that consumed by other rats. Because the water content of the diet is

inversely related to food consumption. as discussed above. an increase in

the water content of the diet may be associated with an increase in food

consumption. because food with a high water content has less caloric value

than food of comparable quality with a low water content. As discussed

below. this may explain an apparent anomalous relationship seen in the food

consumption data on cats. Many other examples are available. which suggest

that the food consumption of animals will increase as the caloric content of

the food decreases (Brody. 1945).

Data on food consumption for a wide variety of animals are summarized in

Table 6-1 and plotted in Figure 6-1. Some of the data points were not

considered in the derivation of recommended values because they are atypical

for the species or other species of similar body weights. The marmots just

before hibernaUon. labeled in Figure 6-1. show a marked decrease in food

consumption as well as the decrease in water consumption noted above. One

group of cattle from a study by Kertz et al. (1984) is omitted because of an

atypically low food consumption not seen in other groups of cattle from the

1994A 6-1 09/03/87TABU n-1

food Consumption Data on Various Animal Groups

_.

I.C

I.C **~** Group Spedes Straln Sex No. of Aqe Weight Food Reference

> Anlmals (days) (kg) (kg/day)

Primates human F adult 58 0.871 Snyder et a 1., 1981

human M adult 70 1.305 Snyder et a l., 1981

human N 10 years 32 0.84 Snyder et a 1 • , 1981

monkey rhesus f 8 0.20 Templeton, 19&8

monkey rhesus F 9 0.20 Arr1ngton, 1972

monkey rhesus M 11 0.20 Arrington, 1972

monkey rhesus M 11 0.20 Templeton, 1968

laboratory gerb\1 Mongolian M&f 20 weanlng 0.048 0.005 Arrington, 1968

rodents gerbil Mongolian M&f 16-20 adult 0.0587 0.00524 McManus, 1972

gerb11 Mongolian M&f 20 [215] 0.06125 0.00478 Harriman, 19b9a

gerb11 Mongolian F 0.075 0.008 Templeton, 1968

gerbil Mongolian M 0.085 0.008 Templeton, 1968

gerb 11 F 0.075 0.008 Arrington, 1972

gerb11 M 0.085 0.008 Arr lngton, 1972

(!"I guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 10 0.2 0.011 Hirsch, 1973

I guinea pig alblno short-hair M 5 30 0.11 0.025 Hirsch, 1973

1'\) guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 20 0.27 0.025 Hirsch, 1973

gulnea pig albino short-hair M 5 40 0.415 0.028 Hirsch, 1973

guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 50 0.48 0.031 Hirsch, 1973

guinea pig albino short-hair M 5 60 0.52 0.032 Hirsch, 1973

guinea pig albino short-hair .. 5 70 0.58 0.035 Hirsch, 1973

guinea pig Duncan-Hartley F 45 **~o** 0.2035 0.0265 Shelton, 1971

guinea pig Duncan-Hartley F 45 **~35** 0.4425 0.0265 Shelton, 1971

guinea pig Duncan-Hartley 15 **~o** 0.204 0.0285 Shelton, 1971

guinea pig f 1.025 0.045 Arrington, 1972

guinea pig .. 1.2 0.045 Arrington, 1972

guinea p lg f l 0.045 Templeton, 1968

guinea pig .. 1.2 0.045 Templeton, 1968

hamster Golden M&f 12 **~42** 0.07475 0.0069 Banta et a1., 1975

hamster Golden M&f 22 weaning 0.0417 0.00845 Arrington, 1968

hamster Golden M&F 22 weaning 0.041 0.00845 ArrIngton, 1968

hamster Syrian F 10 **~o-~42** 0.0414 0.0051 Arrington et al., 1966

0 hamster Syrian F 10 **•0-~42** 0.0633 0.0067 Arrington et al., 1966

(X)

...... hamster Syrian F 10 •0-•42 0.0679 0.0067 Arrington et al., 1966

_. hamster SyrIan F 10 **•0-~42** 0.0&135 0.00&9 Arrington et al., 19&&

.....

...... (X) hamster Syrian F 0.0545 0.011 Templeton, 19&8

.....TABLEb-1(cont.)-tJGroupSpeciesStrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightFoodReference..0..0Animals(days)(kg)(kg/day).jla>laboratoryhamsterSyrianF0.11750.011Arrington,1972rodents(cont.)hamsterSyrianM8t-0-t-420.057850.0055Arringtonetal.,19&&hamsterSyrianM8•0-•420.0&520.00&2Arringtonetal.,1966hamsterSyrianM8t-0-t-420.0&790.0065Arringtonetal.,196&hamsterSyrianM8t-0-•420.0&980.00&7Arringtonetal.,1966hamsterSyrianM0.051250.011Templeton,1968hamsterSyrianM0.10750.011Arrington,1972mouseAstonF13(80-90)0.03020.0045RichardandTrayhurn,1985mouseA/JF15(100-110)0.02090.0049Kutscher,1974mouseA/JM15(100-110)0.02520.0057Kutscher,1974mouseBALB/cF48t-0-70.01&60.00309Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cF48t-84-910.02190.0031Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cF48•5&-630.020.0031&Olleretal.,1985"'mouseBALB/cF48•35-420.01890.00344Olleretal.,1985ImouseBALB/cF48t-14-210.0180.00351Olleretal.,1985(,.)mouseBALB/cF15(100-110)0.02010.0059Kutscher,1974mouseBALB/cM48•0-70.01970.00327Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cM48t-0-70.01970.00327Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cM48t-35-420.02420.00346Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cF15(100-llO)0.02010.0059Kutscher,1974mouseBALB/cM48t-0-70.01970.00327Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cM48t-0-70.01970.00327Olleretal.,1985mouseBAL8/cM48t-35-420.02420.00346Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cM48t-84-910.02850.00349Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cM48t-5&-630.025&0.0036Ollereta1.,1985mouseBAL8/cM48t-14-210.02240.00379Olleretal.,1985mouseBALB/cM15(100-110)0.0270.00&8Kutscher,1974mouse86C3FlF48t-0-70.01630.003llOllereta1.,1985mouse86C3FlF48+56-630.02040.0034Olleretal.,19850mouse86C3F1F48+84-930.02140.00344Olleretal.,1985();!mouse86C3F1F48+35-420.01950.00356Olleretal.,1985.......mouse86C3FlF48+14-210.0180.0037Olleretal.,1985-tJ_,mouse86C3FlM48•0-70.01960.00339Olleretal.,1985.......mouseB&C3F1M48t-35-420.02490.00364Olleretal.,1985Q)_,mouse86C3FlM48+56-630.02690.00366Olleretal.,1985TABLE 6-1 (cont.)

..... Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Food Reference

"" "" Animals (days) (kg) (kg/day)

**~** > Laboratory mouse ll6C3Fl "' 46 t64-91 0.0287 0.00367 Oller et al., 1965

rodents mouse ll6C3Fl "' 48 t 14-21 0.023 0.0039 Oller et al., 1985

(cont.) mouse CBA F 15 (100-110) 0.0259 0.0092 Kutscher, 1974

mouse CllA "' 15 (100-110) 0.031 0.008 Kutscher, 1974

mouse Charles River "' 1 adult 0.0453 0.0055 Delacey et al., 1975

mouse Charles River "' 6 adult 0.0424 0.00566 Delacey et al., 1975

mouse Crl,CD-l,CR,IlR F 40 182 0.03075 0.0052 Chvedoff et al, 1980

mouse Cr1,CD-l,CR,IlR F 40 3M 0.03475 0.00635 Chvedoff et al, 1960

mouse Cr1,CD-l,CR,IlR "' 40 546 0.04475 0.00565 Chvedoff et a1, 1960

mouse Crl ,CD-l,CR,BR "' 40 182 0.0405 0.0059 Chvedoff et al, 1980

mouse Cr1 ,CD-1 ,CR,BR "' 40 364 0.0455 0.006 Chvedoff et al, 1960

mouse Cr 1, CO-l, 1 CR, BR F 40 546 0.03375 0.0054 Chvedoff et al, 1960

mouse C3H F 15 (1 00-110) 0.0226 0.0057 Kutscher, 1974

mouse C3H "' 15 I 100-110) 0.0264 0.0062 Kutscher, 1974

0" mouse C57Bl N 13-16 30-71 0.02335 0.0029 Hoover-Plow and Nelson, 1985

I **~** mouse C57 F 15 (100-110) 0.0223 0.001>4 Kutscher, 1974

mouse C57 "' 15 (100-110) 0.0275 0.0072 Kutscher, 1974

mouse DBA F 15 (100-110) 0.0247 0.0063 Kutscher, 1974

mouse DBA "' 15 (100-110) 0.0309 0.0085 Kutscher, 1974

mouse J N 12-16 30-71 0.01915 0.0028 Hoover-Plow and Nelson, 1985

mouse striped field N 10-15 0.0206 0.003 Drozdz, 1968

mouse striped field N 10-15 0.0223 0.00346 Drozdz, 1968

mouse SWR F 15 (100-110) 0.0217 0.0056 Kutscher, 1974

mouse SWR "' 15 ( 100-110) 0.0286 0.0065 Kutscher, 1974

mouse white F 8 70 0.0248 0.0059 Chew and H\negardner, 1957

mouse white F 8 105-120 0.0282 0.006 Chew and H\negardner, 1957

mouse white F 8 396 0.0335 0.0066 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

mouse white "' 8 70 0.0297 0.0065 Chew and Hinegardner, 1957

mouse white "' 8 105-120 0.0324 0.0068 Chew and H1negardner, 1957

mouse white "' 8 396 0.0369 0.0073 Chew and H1negardner, 1957

0 mouse wood N 0.02 0.0046 Chmiel and Harrison, 1981

1.0

' 0 mouse ye1-neck field N 10-15 0.0286 0.00206 Drozdz, 1968

(..)

' mouse ye1-neck field N 10-15 0.0279 0.00212 Drozdz, 1966

Cl:) mouse yel-neck field N 10-15 0.0241 0.0035 Drozdz. 1968

.....,TABlE6-1(cont.)....JGroupSpedesStrainSexNo.ofAgeWeightFoodReferenceIDIDAnimals(days)(kg)(kg/day)>laboratorymouseF0.02650.0045Arr1ngton,1972rodentsmouseM0.030.0045Arrington,1972(cont.)ratalbinoM14(80-105)0.28910.0217Moyer,K.E.,1966ratFischer344F12098-1050.166950.0149MorrisseyandNorred,1984ratkangarooM&F40.1050.0074Ba11ey,1923ratkangarooM&F40.1050.0074Ba11ey,1923ratkingM75•110.0940.00945PetersandHarper,1985ratlong-EvansM549130.550.0208HolloszyandSmith,1986ratlong-EvansM547600.590.024HolloszyandSmith,1986ratlong-EvansM546080.5750.0247Ho1loszyandSmith,1986ratlong-EvansM544560.530.0268Ho1loszyandSmith,1986ratlong-EvansM543040.450.0271Uo11oszyandSmith,1986ratSprague-DawleyF130(1)0.25680.0122Shirley,19840"ratSprague-DawleyF138(pl)0.25250.0164Shirley,1984IratSprague-DawleyF1321(g)0.34180.0178Shirley,1984IJ'IratSprague-DawleyF137(pl)0.25570.0182ShIr1ey,1984ratSprague-DawleyF136(g)0.24980.0188Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF134(pl)0.25590.0189Shirley,1964ratSprague-DawleyF133(pl)0.26120.0192Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF136(pl)0.25850.0194Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF133(g)0.24660.0195Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF139(g)0.25470.0202Sh\rley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF135(pl)0.26070.0205Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF1312(g)0.26380.0212Shirley,1964ratSprague-OawleyF1315(g)0.27430.0215Shirley,1964ratSprague-DawleyF132(p1)0.27380.0231Shirley,1964ratSprague-DawleyF1318(g)0.3070.0259Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF132(1)0.2620.0271Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF133(1)0.25760.0342ShIr1ey,1964ratSprague-DawleyF135(1)0.27350.0431Shirley,1984ratSprague-OawleyF136(1)0.27430.0449Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF13l(pl)0.29410.0481Shirley,1964ratSprague-DawleyF138(1)0.27630.049Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF139(1)0.280.0505Shirley,1984ratSprague-DawleyF1311(1)0.28360.0525Sh1rley,19840ratSprague-DawleyF1312(1)0.28180.0619Shirley,1964CD.....ratSprague-DawleyF1314(1)0.29450.0663Shirley,1984....JratSprague-DawleyF1315(1)0.29180.0702Shirley,1964.....!.....ratSprague-OawleyF1317(1)0.29160.071Shirley,1964CD.....!TABLE6-1(cont.)......GroupSpec\esStralnSexNo.ofAgeWelghtFoodReferenceI.CI.CAnlmals(days)(kg)(kg/day)>laboratoryratSprague-DawleyF1318(1)0.28960.0711Shirley,1984rodentsratSprague-DawleyF1320(1)0.29410.0855Shirley,1984(cont.)ratSprague-DawleyF1321(1)0.29110.0944Shirley,1984ratSprague-Dawley"1024-520.050.008DelormeandWojclk,1982ratSprague-Dawley"1024-520.050.012DelormeandWojclk,1982ratSprague-Dawley"1024-520.050.0136DelormeandWojcik,1982ratSprague-Daw1ey"1024-520.050.0143DelormeandWojcik,1982..ratSprague-DawleyM8-1800.380.032Grunbergetal.,1984ratSprague-DawleyM8+li0.4220.033Grunbergetal.,1984ratSprague-Daw1eyM8+120.4420.036Grunbergetal.,1984ratF0.290.0135Arrlngton,1972ratF1adult0.260.019Bruce,1950ratF1adult0.360.025Bruce,1950ratF1adult0.2&0.027Bruce,1950ratF1adult0.2750.08Bruce,19500'ratF1adult0.31i0.08Bruce,1950I0'rat"0.3750.0135Arrlngton,1972ratNadult0.2250.011Adolph,1947OthercatmixedM&F1051.207O.llilWaterhouseandCarver,191ililaboratorycatmixedM&F2702.2280.192WaterhouseandCarver,191ilimanualscatmixedM&F1351.57,70.20&WaterhouseandCarver,191ilicatmhedM&F3652.5140.211WaterhouseandCarver,1966catmixedM&F1651.1180.216WaterhouseandCarver,196&catmixedM&F2252.1150.218WaterhouseandCarver,19&&catmixedM&F1951.8930.219WaterhouseandCarver,1966catmhedM&F3952.7810.223WaterhouseandCarver,191i6catmhed"12+14.50.0549latonetal.,1984catmhedM12+424.30.0555latoneta1.•1984,catmixed"10+634.20.0&3latonetal.•1984catmhed"5+2944.60.0676latoneta1.,1984catmixed"'5+3364.1i0.0681latonetal.•1984catm\xed"5+331i4.6O.Oii81latoneta1.,1984catmhedM8+1194.1O.Oii97latonetal.,19840catmixedM6+1474.20.0127latonetal.•1984I.C.....catmixed"6+-2454.50.0738latonetal.•19840catmlxed"'12+-214.40.0739latonetal.,1984(..).....catmixed"'9+914.l0.0142latonetal.,1984Q:)catmixed"'li+-2034.30.0808latonetal.•1984_,catmixed"'li+1154.30.0867latonetal.,1984TABLE ti-l (cont.)

_, Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Welght Food Reference

1.0

1.0 Animals (days) (kg) (kg/day)

..,..

> Other cat l'l&F 8 0.8843 0.04275 Smalley et al., 1985

laboratory

malllllals cat F 3 0.175 Arrington, 1972

(cont.)

cat F 3 0.175 Arrington, 1978

cat F 3 0.175 Templeton, 19&8

cat "' 3 0.175 Arrington, 1972

cat "' 3 0.175 Arrington, 1978

cat "' 3 0.175 Templeton, 19&8

dog beagle F 11.5 0.40 Arrington, 1972

dog beagle F 14.5 0.40 Templeton, 19&8

dog beagle "' 15.5 0.40 Arrington, 1972

0'

I dog beagle "' 15.5 0.40 Templeton, 19&8

.,..J dog l'l&F 8 adult 24 0.3& Brown et a1., 1984

dog N 1 5.82 1.2&& Cowgill, 1928

rabbH Dutch l'l&F 24 (42-49) 0.881 0.049& Arrington et al., 1974

rabb1t Dutch l'l&F 24 (78-85) 1.4 0.049& Arrington et al., 1974

rabbH Dutch F & +185 2.32 0.0&3 Cizek, 19&1

rabb1t Dutch F & +1&4 2.3 0.0&4 Clzek, 19& 1

rabb1t Dutch F & +70 2.13 0.071 Chek, 19&1

rabbit Dutch F & +143 2.29 0.072 Chek, 19&1

rabbH Dutch F & + 112 2.28 0.073 Chek, 19&1

rabbit Dutch F & +91 2.19 0.078 Clzek, 19&1

rabbit Dutch F 12 + 183 2.571 0.0802 Clzek, 19&1

rabbit Dutch F 12 2.571 0.0802 Chek, 191i1

rabbH Dutch F 12 +0 2 .1&5 0.0833 Chek, 19&1

rabbH Dutch F & +35 1.9& 0.084 Chek, 191i1

rabbit Dutch F & +49 2.07 0.084 Chek, 191i1

rabbit Dutch F & +21 1.89 0.088 Cizek, 191i1

0 rabbH Dutch F li +7 1. 79 0.09 Chek, 19&1

c:o ....... rabbH Dutch " & +175 2.2 0.059 Chek, 19&1

_, rabbit Dutch " li +133 2.19 0.0&3 Cizek, 19&1

.,..J ....... c:o

.,..JTABLE 6-1 (cont.)

_, Group Species Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Food Reference

...0

...0 Animals (days) (kg) (kg/day)

.j:lo

> Other rabblt Dutch " 6 .. 154 2.23 0.063 C lz ek , 1961

laboratory rabbIt Dutch " 12 f.l83 2.02 0.0632 Cizek, 19&1

manmals rabbit Dutch M 6 +91 2.23 0.069 Cizek, 19& 1

(cont.) rabbit Dutch M & +112 2.21 0.075 Cizek, 1961

rabbit Dutch " 6 f.70 2.22 0.017 Cizek, 1961

rabblt Dutch M 6 +35 2.09 0.078 Cizek, 1961

rabbit Dutch " 6 +49 2.16 0.078 Cizek, 1961

rabbit Dutch " 12 .. o 1.799 0.0792 Chek, 1961

rabbit Dutch " 6 +21 1.95 0.084 Chek, 1961

rabbit Dutch " 6 t-7 1.91 0.087 Chek, 1961

rabbIt New Zealand white F 5 0.15 Templeton, 1968

rabblt New Zealand white " 4.5 0.15 Templeton, 1968

rabbit F 5 0.15 Arrington, 1972

rabbit " 4.5 0.15 Arrington, 1972

rabbIt " 4.5 0.15 Arrington, 1978

(7'1 rabbit N -42 1 0.115 Davidson and Spreadbury, 1975

I rabbit N 53 1.5 0.143 Davidson and Spreadbury, 1975

c:o rabbit N -63 2 0.168 Davidson and Spreadbury, 1975

llvestock cattle HO,H,Tl " 12 313 8.20 Becker et a l. , 1985

cattle Holstein F 1 3619 131 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

cattle Holstein F 1 3330 133.70 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

cattle Holstein F 1 3330 185 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

cattle Holstein F 1 3605 29.10 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

cattle several " many (98-126) 94 3.04 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many ( 126-154) 111 4.14 Taylor et a 1., 1986

cattle several " many ( 154-162) 133 5.29 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (162-21 0) 159 6.25 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (210-238) 184 6.94 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (238-266) 210 7.32 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (266-294) 233 7.64 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (229-322) 256 8 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (322-350) 278 8.25 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (350-378) 299 8.50 Taylor et al., 1986

cattle several " many (378-406) 319 8.64 Taylor et al., 1986

0 cattle several " many (40&-434) 338 8.86 Taylor et a 1., 1986

co

........ cattle several " many (434-462) 358 9 Taylor et al., 1986

_, cattle several " many ( 462-490) 376 9.04 Taylor et al., 1986

-.1 ........ co

-.11 ABLE li-1 (cont.)

...... Group Specles Strain Sex No. of Age Weight Food Reference

..c

!,j) Anlllldls (days) (kg) (kg/day)

111>

> llvestock cattle N 20 18 44.11 0.14 Kertz et al., 1984

(cont.) cattle N 20 25 47.2 0.50 Kertz et al., 1984

cattle N 20 31 52.65 1.01 Kertz et al., 1984

cattle N 27 3.825 Lane-Peter et al., 19&7

cattle N 3& 4.30 Lane-Peter et al., 19&7

cattle N 45 5.05 lane-Peter et a1., 19&7

cattle N 55 5.40 .. lane-Peter et al., 19&7

chicken Ross broiler M 3 7 0.164 0.0157 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 l4 0.334 0.0207 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 21 0. 765 0.0714 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 28 1.155 0.1057 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 35 1.539 0.1243 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broller M 3 42 1. 778 0.1471 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 49 2.334 0.1629 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 li3 3.254 0.2129 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 77 3.934 0.21>71 Prescott et al., 1985

0" chicken Ross broiler M 3 91 4. 73 0.2429 Prescott et al., 1985

I chicken Ross broiler M 3 105 5.46 0.2789 Prescott et al., 1985

!,j) chicken Ross broiler M 3 119 5.758 0.2929 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 3 140 &.49 0.3048 Prescott et al., 1985

chicken Ross broiler M 2 11i 1 &.5 0.3905 Prescott et al., 1985

pig cross-bred M 24 31.3 1.4415 Asche et al., 1981i

pig white cross N 51 28 5.49 0.1&4 Brooks et al •• 1984

pig white cross N 51 28 li. 15 0.187 Brooks et a1., 1984

pig white cross N 51 35 7.15 0.34 Brooks et a1., 1984

pig white cross N 51 35 7.99 0.357 Brooks et a1., 1984

pig white cross N 51 42 9. 77 0.567 Brooks et al., 1984

pig whHe cross N 51 42 10.6 0.594 Brooks et a1., 1984

pig whHe cross N 51 42 13.6 0.704 Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross N 51 49 13.0& 0.7&2 Brooks et a1., 1984

sheep N newly weaned 31.5 0.575 Lane-Peter et al., 19&7

sheep N growing 45 0.75 Lane-Peter et a1., 19&7

sheep N growing &3 0.85 Lane-Peter et al., 19&7

Wildlife ferret domestic F adult 0.&75 0.168 Moody et al., 1985

0 ferret domestic M adult 2.025 0.168 Moody et al., 1985

..c

......

0 hyena F l 71 2.44 Green et a1., 1984

w

...... hyena F l 58 4.88 Green et al., 1984

CXI hyena M l 38 4.05 Green et al., 1984

-.ITABLE 6-l (cont.)

.... Group Specles Straln Sex No. of Age Welght Food Reference

ID ID Anlmals (days) **(~g)** (kg/day)

.,.

> Wlldl He koala M&F 9.2 0.5105 Nagy and Martln, 1985

(cont.)

l lon F l 149 6.12 Green et al., 1984

lion M l 193 5.06 Green et al., 1984

llon M l 91 6.53 Green et al., 1984

marmot yell ow-bell led F 9 +14 3.81 0.0799 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bell led F 9 +28 3.86 0. l 012 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yell ow-bell led M 9 +175 5.32 0.0198 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bell led M 9 +168 5.33 0.0329 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bell led M 9 +154 5.29 0.057 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yell ow-bell led M 9 +140 5.46 0.057 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yell ow-bell led M 9 +126 5.5 0.0816 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bell led M 9 +112 5.45 0.0928 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yell ow-bell led M 9 +98 5.39 0.1049 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bell led M 9 +42 4.62 0.1086 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bell led M 9 +56 4.76 0.1178 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yell ow-bell led M 9 +70 4.95 0.122 Zatzman et al., 1984

marmot yell ow-bell led M 9 +84 5.19 0.122 Zatzman et al., 1984

a>

I mlnk M 4 1.613 0.042 Eriksson et al., 1984

....

0

nutrla N adult 8 1.35 Lane-Peter et al., 1967

shrew conmon N 0.008 0.0008 Chmlel and Harrlson, 1981

vole bank N 10-15 0.0227 0.00192 Drozdz, l9f>8

vole bank N 10-15 0.0231 0.00226 Drozdz, l9f>8

vole bank N 10-15 0.0229 0.0034 Drozdz, l9f>8

vole bank N 0.02 0.0055 Chmlel and Harrlson, 1981

vole bank N 0-15 0.0224 0.00183 Drozdz, l9b8

vole COiliTIOn N 0-15 0.0271i 0.00424 Drozdz, 1968

vole conmon N 0-15 0.0218 0.0025 Drozdz, 1968

Other kestrel Euraslan N l -1200 0.179 0.01 Campbell and Koplin, 1986

owl screech N l -300 0.169 0.0086 Campbell and Koplin, 1986

turkey Amerlne, Nlchola M 40,40 294,329 13.4 0.372 Parker et al., 1972

0

CD

' .... ......

' CD ......

# l994A "



# .. 

# . .. 

# •



# ..

• • • • • • • • '" • t • • • • "' • "' " "' • 

# * "•'" • '" " " " • " " "' •**~** 4 • • • • • • 

# * " • "' • "• • " • "' • " "' " • • " • II " • " • • '" '"

# ~ " •



# •

FIGURE 6-1

Plot of Food Consumpt1on {kg/day) vs. Body We1ght (kg) for All 

# Spec1es

(See Table 6-1 for po1nts and references)

6-11 08/17/87

# study, or in cattle from other studies. The Nutria (lane-Peter et al .•

1967) and one dog studied by Cowgill (1928) also are eliminated from subsequent stat1st1cal analyses as atypical. Although not apparent in Figure

6-1, the food consumption values for hamsters. reported by Arrington (1968)

and Templeton (1968). vary markedly from other reports. The only other data

excluded from the analyses are data on pregnant and lactating rats reported

by Shirley (1984). The effect of these exclusions can be seen by comparing

Figure 6-10 with Figure 6-11.

With these exclusions, the general allometric relationship of food

consumption to body weight is illustrated in Figure 6-2. This and simnar

relationships for subgroups of animals and species are summarized in Table

6-2 and F1gures 6-3 to 6-14. The allometric equation for all species

combined is as follows:

F 

# = 0.065 W 0

• 7919 

# r 2 

# = 0.95 (6-1)

where W is body weight and F is daily food consumption, both in kilograms.

The slope function of this equation is similar to those for both inhalation

rates (0.7579) (see Eq. 4-1) and drinking rates (0.7872) (see Eq. 5-l).

This simnarity is most likely related to the slope function for metabolic

rate estimated at 0.76 (Benedict, 1938).

The negative correlations for both dogs and cats are probably artifacts

of different diets. This is clearly the case for cats for which two primary

studies, Waterhouse and Carver (1966) and Taton et al. (1984), are avanable. In the study by Taton et al. (1984). cats received a dry diet, and in

the study by Waterhouse and Carver (1966) cats received a canned, moist

diet. The cats in the study by Taton et al. (1984) were larger but consumed

substantially less food than the cats in the study by Waterhouse and Carver

(1966), which resulted in a negative slope (see Figure 4-12). In each

1994A 6-12 09/03/87

# c

0

"1'4 

# +'

0.



# E



# =- 

# •

c

0



# u 

# "' 

# •

+' 

# •

:.

c

.J



# Ln Body Weight**~~** 

# -2. ?36 

# s1: o.033886 r: 

# -«>. 742



# 111 o.m9**Sl:·o.ou~** 

# Tl ?0.65

CORi: O. 97512 t61: 0. 29743 Dr: 258



# l994A FIGURE 6-2

Allometr\c Relat\onsh\p of Food Consumpt\on (kg/day} to Body We\ght (kg} for All Spec\es. Except Marmots

6-13 

# 08/17/87

# TABLE 6-2

Species and Group Specific Allometric Relationships for Food

Consumption in kg/day (F) to Body Weight in kg (W)

Animal Group Allometric Equation r2

All species combined F

= 

# o.o65 w0.7919 0.95

Primates Fa

= 

# 0.026 w0.9142 0.95

Laboratory mammals F 

# = o.056 w0.66ll 0.87

Laboratory rodents Fb

= 

# o.060 w0.6917 0.82

Gerb11 s F 

# = 0

. 112 wl.0583 0.80

Gu1nea Pigs F = 

# 0

. 041 w0.3308 0.75

Hamsters F 

# = 0

. 082 w0.9285 0.96

Mice fC



# = 0

. 064 w0.7242 0.27

Rats fC 

# 0

. 040 w0.4790 0.40

Cats fC

;:: 

# 0

. 215 w-0.581 -0.22

.

Dogs fC



# = 5.13 w-0.918 -0.81

RabbHs F 

# = 0

. 041 w0.7898 0.73

Chickens F 

# 0

. 075 w0.8449 0.97 Figure

6-2

6-3

6-4

6-5

6-6

6-7

6-8

6-9

6-11

6-12

NA

6-13

6-14

aNot recommended for calculating values. Use equation for all species

combined.

bNot recommended for calculating values. Included for comparison only.

CNot recommended for calculating values. Use equation for laboratory

mammals.

NA

= 

# Not applicable

1994A 6-14 09/03/87

# 1994A c:

0



# ....**~.1**



# +'

D. 

# •

:I 

# •

c:

0



# u



# ... II



# +' 

# •**~**



# c:

..J



# Ln Body 

# v

.. :Lght.

10: -3.6488 5!: 0.27537 T:**-13.~1** 

# IU 

# 0.91415 Sl: 

# 0.088815 T: t0.296



# CORR: 0. 91718 t61: 0. 040392 Df: 5

FIGURE 6-3



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day} to Body We1ght (kg} for Pr1mates

6-15 08117/87

# 1.8



# c

0

oft



# o4J



# 0.

E

:I 

# •

c 0

tJ

k 

# •

o4J 

# •

:It



# c

..J

**~.2**



# Ln Body Weight.

10: -2.8899 

# sr: o.o39?S1 T: -72.699



# IU 0.66106 Sl: 0.01681-t T: 39.315

cou: o.9351 HSl: o.251a& Dr: 222



# FIGURE 6-4 1.8 

# s.e

Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) to Body We1ght (kg}

for Laboratory Manmals (Gerb1ls, Gu1nea P1gs, Hamsters, M1ce, Rats, Cats,

Dogs and Rabb1ts}.

1CJCJ4A 6-16 08/17/87

# c

0



# .... 

# ., t

:1 

# •

c 

# 8

"" 

# •

.,

II



# :a

c

.J



# -2.2 -o.2

Ln Body 

# Weight

JK>: 

# -2.809 Sl: 0.072.298 Tl -38.SS3

11: 0.6917 Sl: 0.026617 T: 25.987



# con: 0.90293 1'61: 

# o.21ea1 Dr: 153



# FIGURE 6-5 1.8 3.8



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) to Body We1ght (kg)

for Laboratory Rodents (Gerb1ls, Gu1nea P1gs, Hamsters, M1ce and Rats)

1994A 6-17 08/17/87

# 1994A J>: -2.1909 51: 0.63865 T: -3.43:>5

111 1.0583 Sl: 0.2374? 

# Tl 4.4506

CORR• o.8938 t61: o.ot5361 Dr: s 

# -2.?

Ln Body 

# W•ight.



# FIGURE 6-6 -2.S



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day)

to Body We1ght (kg) for Gerbils

6-18 -2.3



# 08/17/87

# Ln Body 

# Weight

IN): 

# -3.1929 S!: 0.060604 T: -52.685

11: 0. 33077 Sl: 0.054986 T: 6.0155



# con: o.96658 1'61: o.o22£3 tr: 12



# 1994A FIGURE 6-7



# Allometrlc Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumptlon (kg/day)

to Body Welght (kg) for Gu1nea P1gs

6-19 08/17/87

# c

0 

# '" +' 

# -4.1

A. 

# •

:J 

# •

c 0



# u -4.9

H



# .. +' 

# •

• -s. 1



# c

.J 

# ..

. 

# .. " "

................ ·=·

...................**:~** 

# . "**~** 

# "'

.............**::-~-:.·** 

# ...... :

...... ·.

. . ·.::.·:· ..,·

.... :·····:**~** 

# .... .



# . .. 

# .. .. 

# ... .

.. .. 

# .. 

# .. ..



# . 

# .

.. 

# ... : 

# :

. 

# .. 

# .. .·· •:" 

# : :**-~·.. .~··**  

# :

"



# .. 

# .··

. 

# ... 

# .·•·



# ............**·~·** 

# .........**:.::····~:·.** 

# ·.:.: :..... 

# :.:-··:·]:.::·"' :·:·

.......**~·** 

# ........... .

:



# ... ...... .. 

# :

:



# ... 

# ·· :



# . 

# ..

..



# . ..



# ...

.... 

# ..

........... :.:

.. ··=··:· .:. "'.:·· :

..

.... 

# .. 

# ...



# .. .**~·** 

# . .. . 

# . .



# -s.s(

..... · ·;·

-3.1



# Ln Body 

# Weight

IK>:**-2.~9** 

# S!: 0.16645 T: -15.061



# 11: o.t285 sr: 0.062665 T: 14.817



# cou: o. 98011 1'61: 2.5965£-3 

# tr: 9



# FIGURE 6-8

Allometrlc Relatlonshlp of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day)

to Body We1ght (kg) for Hamsters -2.1

1994A 

# 6-20 OB/17/67

# 1994A c D



# .... +'

0. 

# •

:I 

# •

c

D



# u



# ... 

# •

+' 

# •

31:



# c

.J 

# ....**~**



# ......**·~·** 

# .

. 

# ....



# .... 

# .... .... : 

# . ;



# .............. -··



# ...... .-;.... 

# .

.......... ! .•.. ,.,.;:·:

..... : ...........•**~** 

# .................... ;

.... .-:·:·:·:·:**~** 

# .. .

......**~:** 

# '! • • : • • ;

.......... ·

# ~ 

# •

.**~** 

# • •

. . ..**L-~** 

# ...... ·············: -: •...

- .•

-

... -···

.. . ····

.... ··.,

.... ,-.·.··-. ·.·.·-.·.·+

....

# ~.··.·.- ..... -.··.·-

...... 

# 1

.... ·

........ .

................ :

......... •

....... ·4:

... : ••

# :·~·:·: :···

-



# ...**~..** 

# . .



# ..... . .. ..

•

.... ,.aa• 

# •*"" : : :



# • •• Jt •• • • •



# .

.... . 

# . .

.. 

# . . ... 

# -

..



# . •

. .: • • •

. •

. .1···-



# . 

# .,

. 

# .. . . . 

# ...... .

# ·.:.:··~ ·.:.= 

# ··r·:; · ·•· •· · ·

'·i·

· •

·

·

·

·

·

·

·

·

·**~ ~.:.:.:~.:-~:.:.:.:-1···.,·=·=-:·:~·:**  

# · · ·**~** 

# · · · · · · · · · ·

:. 

# :

...... 

# ··:· 

# : :

.. 

# . ..... 

# . .. 

# .



# . . .

...



# .. .. 

# . .

Ln Body Weight.



# a>: -2. ?418 

# sJ:: o.56B27 r: -4.8249

11: 0. ?2423 Sl: 0.15466 

# Tl 4. 6828

COli: 0. 52379 ttSI: 0.089148 If: 58



# FIGURE 6-9



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt\on (kg/day)

to Body We\ght (kg) for M\ce

6-21 08/17/87

# c

0



# .... +'



# a.

E 

# =' 

# •

c

0



# u



# ... 

# •

+' 

# •

)I:



# c

.J



# Ln Body W•ight

JK>: -2.8561 

# sr: o.2n583 r: -13.8?6

lit**0.~3** 

# Sl: 0.13"754 T: 4.21056

COD: 0. 50022 1'61: O. 33354 

# Dr

& 

# 53



# FIGURE 6-10



# Allometric Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Body Weight (kg)

for Rats, Including Pregnant and lactating Animals

l994A 6-22 08/17/87

# c

0



# .... 

# ..,

a. 

# •

:I 

# •

c

0



# u



# "" II



# .., • 

# •

c

.J 

# .

.......

.. .. 

# ····· 

# ....

....

............ ,. ..... 9 

# ·=·

.............. '"' ·=·

. ·

.. :.:**:.·-···~** 

# :·:·

..**~·** 

# ...............**~-** 

# ................ ..

:



# .... 

# ····:

.. ·· 

# : :

·•·• =·:· ·

# ~·: :·:· 

# .-:·t:· .-:·: :·:·.

# ~~ · · · 

# ·l·

· ·

·

·

·

·

·

·**~:~.:.L~.:~:.:~.:·"'··-···t~·:** :<:·:·

# ·~···-

···· 

# •..

-···- 

# : 

# :

... 

# -

... -···-···-·

.. 

# ···

.. ·

.. ·.·. ·

.. ·.: .:.: :

.. :: .:.:.j:.:: .:.= =·=····· •.

, .. 

# ·:·:r··

. . . . . . .**::.:~.:.~:.:.:** 

# .......**~·=·~** 

# ............ . •

.. ...... ····-=

.



# ........ : 

# . :.



# Ln Body Weight

t:>: 

# -3.2218 Sl: 0.20874 

# Tl -15.434

IU 0.4789'7 Sl: 0.1223 T• 3.9162



# COii:**0.~9** 

# tt;E: 0.25313 tF: 23



# FIGURE 6-11

Allometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) to Body We1ght (kg)

for Rats, Exclud1ng Pregnant and Lactat1ng An1mals

1994A 6-23 08/17/87

# c:

0



# ... ...... •

... I

..... .



# • 

# i 

# I

-z

.. :-:·. :·:·

# :·:-~**~-:-~·:·:** :·: :

# .:~ :·:· 

# :·:·f:·: .:.: :·:-: ·:-:

# :.T.~:·:~·:·,,., ..

# ~ .......... .**~ ~** **~ ~** **~** ....... 

# -

.............

# ~···... 

# :

.... -2. 6

.. . .........•........................ 

# +.

................................ - .



# .

.. .... .... :



# . . . . 

# . ··· 

# ..•.

;Ilk

.......... ,:

..... . 

# :



# .... 

# .... 

# .... 

# . 

# .

. ..

1994A c:

..J 

# . . . .. .. . . .. . . ;

.............**·:·:::·.~** 

# .... :.:

.....**"~** 

# .............. ·=

. .............. ;

...... ,... .



# . . ..... . .. 

# : :**···~--·~** 

# : :



# . 

# . .

. . 

# .

0.4 0.7

Ln Body Vei.ght

1): 

# -1.5356 S!: 0.25803 T: -5.9514

11: -(), 580b2 Sl: 0. 21 ?04 

# Ta -2.6751

COil: -().46458 t'Sl: 0.250!9 tr: 

# 26



# FIGURE 6-12 1



# Allometrlc Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumptlon {kg/day)

to Body We1ght {kg) for Cats

6-24 1.6

08/17/87

# c 0



# .... +'

ll. 

# •

:I 

# •

c

0



# u



# "' 

# •

+' 

# • •

c

...J



# Ln Body W•ight

JO; -3.Um Sl: 0.083168 T: -38.278**11~** 

# 0. ?8978 Sis 0.0894-49 

# Tl 8.82M

COiR: 0.85374 

# K;J:: 0.024701 IF: 29



# 1994A 

# FIGURE 6-13

A11ometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day)

to Body We1ght (kg) for Rabb1ts

6-25 08/17/87

# 1994A -().2

c

0



# .... +'

Q. 

# •

::1 

# •

c

0



# u



# ... II 

# +' 

# • 

# •

c

..J



# -o., 0.1



# Ln Body Weight**~~ -2.~**  

# Sir**0.~963** 

# Tr -46.a>4

11: 0.8449 Sl: 0.042365 Ta 19.943



# COli: 0.98525 161: 0.0)??18 DFI 12



# FIGURE 6-14 1.1



# A1lometr1c Relat1onsh1p of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day)

to Body We1ght (kg) for Ch1ckens

6-26 2.1



# 06/17/67

# study, both of which were conducted on animals with a relatively small range

of weights, no marked correlaUon is apparent between body weight and food

consumption. The narrow range of weights in the avanable data on dogs

(kinds of diets not specified) may also be a factor in the apparent negative

correlation for this species.

As with the data on water consumption, the data on the food consumption

of rats and mice yield a low correlation coefficient in the allometric

model. The equation for mice, nonetheless, is virtually identical to that

for all species combined.

The data on primates are limited and do not seem to justify a departure

from the standard allometric function given in Equation 6-1.

For the reasons discussed above, the equations given in Table 6-2 for

primates, mice, rats, cats and dogs are not recommended for deriving reference values. For these animals, Equation 6-1 should be used. For gerbils,

guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits and chickens, the corresponding equations

given in T:.-.Dle 6-2 should be used. This is not to suggest that these

spec1es are likely to differ substantially from others in food consumption

patterns, but simply that the species-specific equations more accurately

reflect the available data on these species.

As wHh water consumption, consideration should be given to the water

content of the diet, as detailed in Chapter 7.

1994A 

# 6-27 09/03/87

# 7. INTERRElATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION

As noted in Chapters 5 and 6. the moisture content of the diet is

inversely related to the amount of water consumed because of the decreased

requirement for free water when consuming diets with a high water content.

Water consumption is directly related to the amount of food consumed because

of the decreased caloric content of diets with a high moisture content.

These relationships have not been extensively quantified. although several

studies indicate the importance of this relationship in maintaining water

balance (Atkeson and Warren. 1934; Green et al .• 1984; Waterhouse and

Carver. 1966). In addition to the interdependence of food and water consumption on dietary water. many studies have noted the positive correlation

between food and water consumption at constant levels of dietary water in

normal animals as well as in physiologically atypical animals (i.e •• pregnant. lactating. pre-hibernating). Changes in food consumption patterns.

regardless of the basis for the increase or decrease in food consumption.

are generally paralleled by corresponding changes in water consumption.

Studies that reported both food consumption and water consumption data

are summarized in Table 7-1. and the relationship of food consumption to

water consumption is plotted in Figure 7-1. In this figure. more so than in

the previous f1gures on food or water consumption versus body weight. the

effect of dietary moisture on food and water consumption is apparent. Most

of the points that are labeled and show a general shift to the left (increased food consumption relative to water consumption) are for animals on a

high moisture diet. The points for dogs are taken from sources that do not

specHy the kind of d1et used. For the other points. diets of the carni

# vores [mink. cats in the study by Waterhouse and Carver {19&6). ferrets. and

1995A 

# 7-1 09/03/87TABLE7-1FoodandWaterConsumptionofVariousAnimalGroups__,1.01.0U"'GroupSpeciesStrainSexWeightFoodWaterReference>(kg)(kg/day)(t/day)PrimatesmonkeyrhesusF80.20.45Templeton,1968110nkeyrhesusF90.20.45Arrington,1972110nkeyrhesusM110.20.45Arrington,1972110nkeyrhesusM110.20.45Templeton.1968LaboratorygerbilMongol1anM&F0.061250.004770.0038Harriman,1969arodentsgerbilMongolianM&F0.061250.005450.00565McManus,1972gerbilMongolianF0.0750.0080.004Templeton,1968gerbnMongolianM0.0850.0080.004Templeton,1968gerbilF0.0750.0080.004Arrington,1972gerbilM0.0850.0080.004Arrington,1972...,jguineapigalbinoshort-hairM0.20.0170.04Hirsch,1973lguineapigalbinoshort-hairM0.110.0250.08Hirsch,19731'\,)guineapigalbinoshort-hairM0.270.0250.052Hirsch.1973guineapigalbinoshort-hairM0.4150.0280.115Hirsch,1973guineaplyalbinoshort-hairM0.480.0310.12Hirsch,1973guineapigalbinoshort-hairM0.520.0320.11Hirsch,1973guineaplyalbinoshort-hairM0.580.0350.151Hirsch,1973guineapigF1.0250.0450.09Arrington,1972guineaplyM1.20.0450.09Arrington,1972guineapigF10.0450.09Templeton.1968guineapigM1.20.0450.09Templeton,1968hamsterSyrianF0.05450.0110.009Templeton,1968hamsterSyrianF0.11750.0110.01Arrington,1972hamsterSyrianM0.051250.0110.009Templeton,1968hamsterSyrianM0.10750.0110.01Arrington,19720IIOUSeA/JF0.02090.00490.0047Kutscher.1974coIIOUSeA/J"0.02520.00570.0049Kutscher,1974.......IIOUSeBALB/cF0.02010.00590.0056Kutscher,1974__,._;IIOUSeBALB/cM0.0270.00680.0048Kutscher,1974.......IIOUSeCBAF0.02590.00920.0065Kutscher,1974co-.1IIOUSeCBAM0.0310.0080.0071Kutscher,1974TABlE 7-1 (cont.)

.... Group Species Strain

1.0 Sex Weight Food Water Reference

1.0 (kg) (kg/day) (I./day)

(.J"I > laboratory mouse Charles River " 0.0453 0.0055 0.0043 Delacey et al., 1975

rodents mouse Charles River " 0.0424 0.00566 0.00479 Delacey et al., 1975

(cont.) mouse Crl,CD-l,CR,BR F 0.03075 0.0052 0.0063 Chvedoff et al., 1980

mouse Crl,CD-l,CR,BR F 0.03475 0.00635 0.0076 Chvedoff et al., 1980

mouse Cr1,CD-1,CR,BR " 0.04475 0.00565 0.00715 Chvedoff et a1., 1960

mouse Cr1,CO-l,CR,BR " 0.0405 0.0059 0.0065 Chvedoff et a1., 1980

mouse Crl, CD-1, CR, BR " 0.0455 0.006 0.00835 Chvedoff et al., 1980

mouse Crl,CD-l,lCR,BR F 0.03375 0.0054 0.00645,. Chvedoff et al., 1960

mouse C3H F 0.0228 0.0057 0.0062 Kutscher, 1914

mouse C3H " 0.0264 0.0062 0.0068 Kutscher, 1974

mouse C57 F 0.0223 0.0064 0.0062 Kutscher, 1914

mouse C57 " 0.0275 0.0072 0.0066 Kutscher, 1974

mouse DBA f 0.0247 0.0063 0.0079 Kutscher, 1974

mouse DBA " 0.0309 0.0085 0.0078 Kutscher, 1974

mouse SWR F 0.0211 0.0056 0.011 Kutscher, 1914

mouse SWR " 0.0286 0.0065 0.0094 Kutscher, 1914

...., mouse whHe F 0.0248 0.0059 0.0107 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

I mouse whHe F 0.0282 0.006 0.0096 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

(..)

mouse whHe F 0.0335 0.0066 0.0106 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

mouse whHe " 0.0297 0.0065 0. 0121 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

mouse white " 0.0324 0.0068 0.0109 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

mouse white " 0.0369 0.0013 0.0106 Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957

mouse F 0.0265 0.0045 0.0055 ArrIngton, 1972

mouse " 0.03 0.0045 0.0055 Arrington, 1972

rat albino " 0.2891 0.0211 0.0354 Moyer , 19&&

rat Charles River F NS 0.02 0.0316 Robinson et al., 1981

rat Charles River F NS 0.0319 0.0244 Robinson et al., 1981

rat Charles River " NS 0.0114 0.0269 Robinson et a1., 1981

rat Charles River " NS 0.0114 0.0269 Robinson et a1., 1981

rat Charles River " NS 0.0311 0.0439 Robinson et al., 1961

rat F344 F NS 0.0104 0.015 DePass et a1., 1983

rat F344 F NS 0.0105 0.0151 DePass et a1 .• 1963

rat F344 " NS 0.0161 0.0213 DePass et al., 1983

0 rat F344 " NS 0.0169 0.0214 DePass et al., 1983

1.0

....... rat kangaroo M&F 0.105 0.0014 0.0058 Dalley, 1923

0

(..)

....... co

....,TABLE7-l(cont.)__,GroupSpeciesStrainSexWeightFoodWaterReference1.01.0(kg)(kg/day)(t/day)U"'>LaboratoryratSprague-DawleyM0.050.0080.0136DelormeandWojcik,1982rodentsratSprague-DawleyM0.050.0120.0242DelormeandWojcik,1982(cont.)ratSprague-DawleyM0.050.01360.0289DelormeandWojcik,1982ratSprague-DawleyM0.050.01430.019DelormeandWojcik,1982ratSprague-DawleyM0.380.0320.04Grunbergetal.,1984ratSprague-DawleyM0.4220.0330.041Grunbergetal.,1984ratSprague-DawleyM0.4420.0360.039Grunbergetal.,1984,.ratWIstarFNS0.01560.0325Borzellecaetal.,1964ratF0.290.01350.0275Arrington,1972ratF0.260.0190.028Bruce,1950ratF0.360.0250.03Bruce,1950ratF0.260.0270.038Bruce,1950ratF0.2750.080.085Bruce,1950ratF0.360.080.085Bruce,1950_,ratMNS0.00570.0117Granados,1951IratMNS0.00780.0239Granados,1951ratMNS0.0080.0248Granados,1951ratMNS0.00810.0282Granados,1951ratMNS0.00820.0193Granados,1951ratMNS0.00970.0268Granados,1951ratMNS0.01040.0304Granados,1951ratM0.3750.01350.0275Arrington,1972ratNS0.2250.0110.031Adolph,1947OthercatmixedM4.50.05490.1526latonetal.,1984laboratorycatmixedM4.30.05550.1772latonetal.,1984mammalscatmixedM4.20.0630.184latonetal.,1984catmixedM4.60.06760.1863latonetal.,1984catmixedM4.60.06810.2199latonetal.,1984catmixedM4.60.06810.2199latonetal.,1984catmixedM4.l0.06970.2001latonetal.,1984catmixedM4.20.07270.1877latonetal.,1984catmixedM4.50.07380.207latonetal.,19840catmixedM4.40.07390.1822latonetal.,19841.0'catmixedM4.l0.07420.1942latonetal.,19840catmixedM4.30.08080.206latonetal.,1984(..)'catmixedM4.30.08670.227latonetal.,1984CD_,TABLE 7-1, (cont.)

...... Group Spec1es Stra1n Sex We1ght Food Water Reference

..c

..c (kg) (kg/day) (l/day)

l.n

> Other cat M&F 2.034 0.219 0.0067 Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

laboratory cat M&F 2.9 0.23 0.0168 Waterhouse and Carver, 1966

ma11111a 1 s

(cont.) cat F 3 0.175 0.3 Arr1ngton, 1972

cat F 3 0.175 0.3 Arr1ngton, 1978

cat F 3 0.175 0.3 Temp 1 eton. 19&8

cat " 3 0.175 0.3 Arr1ngton, 1972

cat M 3 0.175 0.3 Arr1ngton, 1978

cat " 3 0.175 0.3 Templeton, 19&8

dog beagle F 11.5 0.4 0.3 Arr1ngton, 1972

dog beagle F 14.5 0.4 0.35 Templeton, 1968

dog beagle " 15.5 0.4 0.3 Arr1ngton, 1972

-.!

I dog beagle M 15.5 0.4 0.35 Templeton, 1968

l.n

dog M&F 24 0.36 0.8 Brown et al., 1984

rabbH Dutch F 2.32 0.063 0.174 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 2.3 0.064 0.175 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 2.13 0.071 0.185 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 2.29 0.072 0.185 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch F 2.28 0.073 0.185 C1zek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 2.19 0.078 0.195 C1zek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 2.571 0.0802 0.187 Chek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 2.571 0.0802 o. 187 C\zek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 2.165 0.0633 0.219 Chek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 1. 96 0.084 0.226 Chek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 2.07 0.084 0.226 Chek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 1.89 0.088 0.225 C1zek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch F 1.79 0.09 0.22 Chek, 1961

rabb1t Dutch M 2.2 0.059 0.169 C1zek, 1961

rabbH Dutch " 2.19 0.063 o. 178 Chek, 1961

rabbH Dutch M 2.23 0.063 0.17 C1zek, 1961

rabbit Dutch " 2.002 0.0632 0.16£> Chek, 1961

0 rabbH Dutch " 2.73 0.069 0.19 Chek, 1961

CD ........ rabb1t Dutch " 2.27 0.075 0.188 Chek, 1961

...... rabb1t Dutch " 2.22 0.071 0.185 Chek, 1961

-.!

........ rabbH Dutch M 2.09 0.078 0.225 Chek, 1961

CD

-.!TABLE 7-1 (cont.)

...... Group Species Strain Sex Weight Food Water Reference

\l)

\l) (kg) (kg/day) It/day)

**~,....,**

> Other rabbit Dutch .. 2.16 0.078 0.21 Cizek, 1961

laboratory rabbit Dutch " 1.799 0.0792 0.202 Cizek, 1961

mannals rabbIt Dutch " 1.95 0.084 0.224 C lzek, 1961

(cont.) rabbit Dutch " 1. 91 0.087 0.255 Cizek, 1961

rabbit New Zealand white F 5 0.15 0.3 Templeton, 1968

rabbit New Zealand white " 4.5 0.15 0.3 Templeton, 1968

rabbH f 5 0.15 0.3 Arr lngton, 1972

rabbH " 4.5 0.15 0.3 Arrington, 1972

rabbH " 4.5 0.15 0.3 Arrington, 1978

Livestock cattle HO,H,Tl " 3136 8.2 43.1 Becker et a l., 1985

cattle holstein F 3619 131 1&2 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

cattle holstein F 3330 133.7 241.6 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

cattle holstein F 3330 185 422 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

cattle holstein F 3605 29.1 205 Atkeson and Warren, 1934

.....,

I cattle NS 44.11 0.14 1 Kertz et al., 1984

0" cattle NS 47.2 0.5 1.18 Kertz et al., 1984

cattle NS 52.&5 1.01 2.59 Kertz et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 5.49 0.1&4 0.71 Brooks et a1., 1984

pig white cross NS 6.15 0.187 0.74 Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 7.15 0.34 1.09 Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 7.99 0.357 1.31 Brooks et al., 1984

plg white cross NS 9.77 0.5&7 1.63 Brooks et al., 1984

pig wh1 te cross NS 10.6 0.594 2.16 Brooks et al., 1984

plg white cross NS 13.6 0.704 2.58 Brooks et al., 1984

pig white cross NS 13.06 0.762 2.15 Brooks et a1., 1984

W1ldllfe ferret domestic F 0.675 0.168 0.0875 "oody et a1., 1985

ferret domest lc " 2.025 0.168 0.0875 "oody et al., 1985

lion F 149 &.12 0.8 Green et al., 1984

lion " 193 5.06 3.98 Green et al., 1984

lion .. 91 6.53 1.07 Green et al., 1984

marmot yellow-bellied F 3.81 0.0799 0.134 Zatzman et al., 1984

0 111armot yellow-bel Hed F 3.86 0.1012 0.182 Zatzman et al., 1984

co ....... 111armot yellow-belHed .. 5.32 0.0198 0.034 Zatzman et al., 1984

..... 111armot ye 11 ow-be 11 I ed " 5.33 0.0329 0.041 Zatzman et al., 1984

-....J ....... marmot yellow-bellied M 5.29 0.057 0.063 Zatzman et al., 1984

a:>

-....J..... 1.0

1.0

1.1'1

> ......,

I

....

0

(X)

' ..... ......,

' (X) ......, Group Species

W1ldllfe marmot

(cont.) marmot

marmot

marmot

marmot

marmot

marmot

marmot mink

mink

mink

Birds turkey --

NS = Not specified Strain Sex

yellow-be 111 ed "

yellow-bell I ed "

yellow-bell led " yellow-bellied "

yellow-be 11 led "

ye llow-be111ed " yellow-bellied " yellow-be1Hed " " " "

Amerine, Nichola " TABLE 7-l (cont.) Weight Food Water Reference

(kg) (kg/day) (l/day)

5.46 0.057 0.089 Zatzman et al., 1984

5.5 0.0816 0.117 Zatzman et a1., 1984

5.45 0.0928 0.145 Zatzman et a1., 1984

5.39 0.1049 0.187 Zatzman et a1., 1984

4.62 0.108& 0.191 Zatzman et a1., 1984

4. 76 0.1178 0.211 Zatzman et a1., 1984

4.95 0.122 0.231 Zatzman et a1., 1984

5.19 0.122 0.228 Zatzman et a1., 1984

1.613 0.042 0.0063 Eriksson et al., 1984

1.613 0.0465 0.0063 Eriksson et a1., 1984

1.&13 0.0465 0.00&3 Eriksson et a1., 1984

13.4 0.372 0.605 Parker et al., 1972

# . :Cattle



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# FIGURE 7-1

Plot of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day} vs Water Consumpt1on**(~)** 

# for All

Spec1es [See Table 7-1 for po1nts and references {Outl1ers are labeled. See

text for d1scuss1on)].

1995A 7-8 08/17/87

# lions] contained a high content of fresh meat. In the study on cattle.

Atkeson and Warren (1934). the labeled points were from three groups of

cattle that grazed on succulent vegetation. A fourth group of cattle. the

data for which are plotted but not labeled in Figure 7-1. 

# was fed a diet of

dry grain. The food-to-water consumption patterns for this group are

consistent with the majority of the points in Figure 7-1. 

# which are for

animals fed a dry diet, including the data on rabbits (Cizek, 1961), 

# marmots

(Zatzman et al .• 1984) 

# and cats (Taton et al., 1984).



# The difference in water and food consumption patterns for animals on dry

and moist diets is summarized in Table 7-2 

# and illustrated in Figures 7-2 

# to

7-9. 

# When either food or water consumption is known for animals on a wet or

dry diet, Equations 7-1 

# to 7--4 

# (Table 7-2) 

# should be used to estimate the

missing value. [The "a" and "b" designations on these equations and on the

corresponding figures are provided for convenience and represent the same

data plotted as food vs water ("a") or water vs. food ("b").] Equation 7-3



# is recommended for rabbits. dogs and cats only if the animals were fed dry

diets. Equation 7-5 

# (Table 7-2) 

# should be used if 

# moist diets were given.

For rodent species. usually given dry diets. Equation 7-4 

# is recommended.

If 

# moist diets are specified for the rodents (as is occasionally the case

with hamsters and gerbils). Equation 7-2 

# should be used. For all other

species in which the diets are specified as or can be reasonably assumed to

have been dry or moist. Equations 7-1 

# and 7-2. 

# respectively. are recommended.

If 

# only the body weight is known or assumed, but the type of diet is

specified as. or can be reasonably assumed to have been, dry or moist.

Equations 7-5 

# and 7-7 

# (see Table 7-2), 

# respectively. are recommended for

estimating food consumption and Equations 7-6 and 7-8 (see Table 7-2),

respectively. are recommended for estimating water consumption.

1995A 7-9 09/03/87

# TABLE 7-2

Species and Group Specif1c Allometric Interrelationships

for 

# Food Consumption 1n kg/day 

# {F).

Water in t 

# {C) and Body Weight (W} in kg

Animal Group Allometric Equation Equation

FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION

Dry diet: A 11 species F = 0

. 31 c0.7923 7-la

c 

# = 3.59 Fl.2041 7-lb

Wet diet: All species F 

# = 2

. 09 c0.7389 7-2a

c 

# = 0.39 fl.2447 7-2b

Laboratory mammals: F 

# = 0

. 28 c0.7613 7-3a (dry diet) c 

# = 0.31 fl.2226 7-3b

Laboratory rodents: F 

# = 0

. 16 c0.6426 7-4a (dry diet) c 

# = 0.25 fl.2943 7-4b

BODY WEIGHT TO FOOD OR WATER CONSUMPTION

Dry diet: All species F 

# = 0

. 049 w0.6087 7-5

c = 

# 0

. 093 w0.7584 7-6

Wet diet: All species F 

# = o.054 c0.9451 7-7

c 

# = 0.009 fl.2044 7-8

1995A 7-10 Figure

7-2

7-3

7-4

7-5

7-6

7-6

7-7

7-7

09/03/87

# 1995A c:

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# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1ps of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) to

Water Consumpt1on (l/day) for An1mals on Dry D1ets

7-11 08/17/87

# 1995A 

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# FIGURE 7-3

Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption {kg/day) to

Water Consumpt,on {t/day) for Animals on Mo,st Diets

7-12 OB/17/87

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# 0.4



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1ps of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) to Water ConsumpUon (t/day) for Laboratory Mammals (Gerb1ls. Gu1nea P1gs. Hamsters. M1ce.

Rats. Cats. Dogs and Rabb1ts) on Dry D1ets.

1995A 7-13 

# 08117/87

# g



# ...



# .. "' 

# •

::s 

# •

c 

# 8 

# !

c

..J



# 10: 

# -t.t1ot Sll 0.151MB Tl -11.423

Ill 0.6425& 

# 111 0.03?43 Tl 1?.16'1

COU1 0.18332 MSI: 0.1188 

# N'l 13



# c

0



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.. t

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111 1.2:143 

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# T1 t'T.tl7



# COlli 0.18332

,., 0.*5

.,, 13



# FIGURE 7-5

Allometric Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Water Consump-

Uon (l/day) for Laboratory Rodents (Gerbils. Guinea Pigs. Hamsters. Mice

and Rats) on Dry Diets.

1995A 7-14 

# 08/17/67

# 1995A 4.5



# c: 0



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c. 

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10: -3.0208 S!: 0.039292 T: -76.88

t1: 0.6087 Sl: 0.01638 T: 37.16



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... 6.529

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# FIGURE 

# 7-o e 11



# Allometr1c Relat1onsh1ps of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) and Water Consumpt1on (t/day) to Body We1ght (kg) for An1ma1s on Dry 01ets

7-15 08/17/67

# 1995A i.l

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9



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9.6



# Allometrlc Relat1onshlps of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) and Water

Consumpt,on (l/day) to Body We1ght (kg) for An1mals on Mo1st Dlets

7-16 08/17/87

# c

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FIGURE 7-8



# Plot of Food Consumpt1on (kg/day) vs. Water Consumpt1on (t/day}

vs. Body We1ght (kg) for An1mals on Dry D1ets 6



# 7-17 

# 09/03/87

# 19951\ 9 

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# :

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Ln Body 

# V•ight

FIGURE 1-9 

# Plot of food Consumption (kg/dayl

vs.



# ~ater consumption ltld•Yl vs. BodY Weight (kgl for Animals

on Moist Diets

09/03/81 1-18

# If the k'nd of d'et 's not known and a reasonable assumption cannot be

made of the kind of diet, the general equations in Chapters 5 and 6 should

be used.

[N.B. At the time the data base contain,ng the information discussed 'n

this report was developed, the significance of moisture content was not

appreciated and this factor was not included as a field in the data base. A

reanalysis of Chapters 5 

# and 6. 

# consider 1 

# ng the moisture content of the

diet, would likely improve Equations 7-5 

# to 7-8 

# as well as the allometric

equations given in Chapters 5 

# and 6.]



# l995A 7-19 09/03/87

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