# M i c h e l i n ’ s G r e e n M e t e r s
O c t o b er 30 , 20 07 B er l i n – N ew Y o r k – P ar i s – S h an g h ai
P r es s K i t

w w w . m i c h el i n ­ g r e e n ­ m et e r . c o m

Fo r A d d i t i o n a l I n f o r m a t i o n i n No r t h A m e r i c a , i n c l u d i n g h i g h r e s o l u t i o n p h o t o s a n d b r o a d c a s t q u a l i t y v i d e o , v i s i t w w w . m i c h e l i n m e d i a . c o m

T o ob t a i n h igh­ r e s o l u tion , f o r m a tte d

­ f o r ­ T V im a g e s a n d ph o t og r a ph s of t h e M ic h e lin g r e en m et er s i n t h e f ou r c i ties , go t o : w w w
. t h e n e w s m a r k e t .c o m / mi c h eli n
. I f y o u a r e v is it i n g t h is s it e f o r t h e f i r s t t i me , y o u w ill
n ee d t o s ign in to d o w n l o a d th e v id eo s
. F o r a s s is ta n c e, co n t a c t: jo u r na lis th e lp@ th e n ew s m a r k et. co m2



## Co n t en t s

P r e s s R e l e a s e p a

g e 3



### I . M i c h e l i n ’ s g r e e n m e t e r s : A w o r l d w i d e e v e n t fo r a g l o b a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l c h a l l e n g e p a g e 4 1 . M i c h e l i n gr e e n e ne rgy s a v i n g t i r e s : Q u a n t i fy i n g t he e n vi r on m e n t a l b e ne f i t s i n re a l t i m e
2

. T h e e n vi ron m e n t a l i m p a c t o f t i re s : A n i gno r e d i s s u e

I I . M i c h e l i n ’s e n v i r o n m e n t a l c om m i t m e n t : H e l p i n g t o r e d u c e C O 2 

### e m i s s i o n s p a

g e 7 1

. R e duc i n g C O 2 

### e m i s s i on s : A p ri o r i t y f o r M i c h e l i n ’ s re s e a r c h a nd d e v e l opm e nt t e a m s
2

. E n vi ron m e n t a l l y f ri e nd l i e r v e h i c l e s , t h a n ks t o M i c he l i n t i res
3

. P ro m o t i n g t h e c r e a t i on o f f u e l ­e f f i c i e nc y l a be l i n g fo r t i r e s
4

. E n vi ron m e n t a l t e c h no l o g i e s f o r t ru c k t i res

I I I . M i c h e l i n ’ s w o r l d w i d e c o m m i t m e n t t o b e t t e r m o b i l i t y p a g e 16 1

. Co r p o rat e va l u e s
2

. M i c h e l i n P e r f o rm a n c e a n d Re s pon s i b i l i t y: C re a t i n g t h e c ond i t i ons f o r M i c h e l i n ’ s l on g­t e r m gro w t h
3

. T h e Ch a l l e n g e Bi b e ndu m : B ri n gi n g t o g e t h e r m o b i l i t y s t a ke ho l de r s

A p p e n d i xe s :
A p pe nd i x 1 : C a l c u l a t i on m e t h odo l o g y p a

g e 19
A p pe nd i x 2 : M ob i l i t y c h a l l e n g e s o f t h e f u t u re p a g e 213



## P R E S S I N FO R M A T I O N


## M ICH E L IN ’ S “ G REE N” M E TER S P A IN T T H E S K Y W IT H G L O B A L FU E L E FF I CI E NCY S T O RY E a c h s e c ond , a r oun d t h e w o r l d , M i c he l i n g r e e n e ne r g y s a v i n g t i r e s he l p r e d uc e f ue l c o ns u m p t i on a n d l o w e r C O 2 

### e m i s s i o ns N E W Y O R K C I T Y ( O c t. 3 0 , 2 00 7)
– B e g i n ning to day , M i c h e l in wi l l p r oje c t m et e r s in f

o ur m a jor c iti es aro und t h e wor ld— B erli n, N e w Y o r k C i t y , P aris and S hangh a i. T hes e m e t e r s wi ll s how th e f

u e l s a v ings and r e d uct ion s in C O 2 emis s ion s s inc e 19 92

— whe n this r e vo luti o nar y tec h no l o g y w as f

i r s t intr o du ce d— thank s to M i che lin g r e en e n e r g y s aving t ir es
. M ic h elin gr ee n ene r g y s aving tir e s in clud e a var i e t y o f

p a s s eng e r c ar, l i g ht t r uck a n d com mer ci a l t r u ck ti r e s that ar e o p tim i z e d f o r f ue l e con om y b y r e d uci n g their r o ll ing r e s i s t a

n c e a nd w eigh t w itho ut c om p r omisin g oth e r k e y p e r f o r m a nc e f ac t o r s s uch a s tr a c t io n, g r ip a n d t r ea d w ea r
. R edu c ing r oll i n g r es is tanc e als o r e d uce s C O 2 em is s i o ns
. Featu r ing th e wor ld­ f a mo us M ic h e l in M a n , th e mete r s wil l b e p r oje cte d a t 7 p
. m
. loca l t im e o n t

h e f a ç a d e o f t h e P ar k I n n Ho tel in B erl in; on the N ASD AQ and R e u t e r s b o a

r ds in T i me s S q uar e , N e w Y o r k C i t y ; in the P or t d e S u f f r en a t th e f oo t o f t h e E i f f e l T o we r in P aris; a n d on th e C it y G r o up M ans i o n tower, ac r o s s f r o m t h e B u nd , in S h a n gh a i.
I n 1 5 y ea r s , com p ared to c o nvent ion a l tir e s o n the r oad, t

h e 5 70 m ill ion M i che l in g r ee n ene r g y s a v i n g t i r es s old wor ldwide h a v e r edu ce d f u el cons u mp ti o n b y an e s ti mated 2 .38 b i

lli o n ga l lo n s , r es u l t ing in a r e d uction of C O 2 emis s i o ns o f 2 5 m il lion t o n s , t h e e q uivalen t o f t h e amou nt ab s or b ed b y 88 0 m i lli on tr ee s in on e y e a r
. T his me a n s tha t ea c h s e c o nd 1 1 . 6 ga l lon s o f f u e l a r e s a v e d and 2 40 . 6 p o u n d s of C O 2 are n ot r e lea s ed in to th e a tmosp h e r e
. T hes e f igu r es w il l b e on d is p l a y to mil l ions o f p e o p le aro un d t

h e wo r ld. Fu l l deta il s o f t h e M i c h e l in Gr e en M e t e r a r e a va i l ab le a t www
. mi c h e l in­ gr e en­ m ete r .com
. As a r e s p o ns i b le citiz e n , M i ch el i n s e eks to b u i ld a w a r en e s s a mo ng p e o p le a r ou nd the wo r ld o f th e contr i b ution th at M i che l in g r ee n ene r g y s a v i n g tir e s c an m ake to th e env ir o nment

. T h a t’ s b ec aus e choo s in g t h e r i g ht tir e ca n have a s ign if i ca nt i mp a ct o n t h e envir on me n t. T h i s i s es p e ci a l l y imp o r tant tod a y w hen e xp e r ts a g r ee that r oad tr a

n s p or t is a ma j o r s our ce o f C O 2 em i s s io ns , on e o f th e gr ee n hou s e ga s es r e s p o ns i b l e f o r g l o b al w arm i n g.
Fu ll y aw are o f this cha l l enge , M ich elin, whi ch allo ca te s n ea r ly 4 p erce n t o f i t s ann ua l n et s ale s to r es ea r ch and deve lop m e n t, ha s ma d e t h e d es ig n o f g r ee n ene r g y s a ving tir e s a k e y comp onent o f its inno vatio n s t r ate g y
. S o th a t c o ns um ers ma y in tegr a t e “gr e en ” c r ite r ia in t o thei r c h oi c e o f tir es , M ic he li

n is h igh l igh t in g the i mp a ct o f t ir e c h oi c e o n f u e l c o ns ump t io n a n d on the e nv i r o nment. Fo r M i c h elin , th i s in iti a

t ive tr u l y r e p r es ents “a b etter wa y f or w a r d

. ”
# # # F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n , v i s i t w w w .m i c h e l i n m e d i a . c o m o r c o n t a c t :
L y nn M ann o f f ice : 1 8 64 4 58 4 69 8 ce ll: 1 8 64 4 49 1 86 4 ema il : l y n n. mann@ u s .m ic h e l in.c o m4 

## I. M i c h el i n ’ s G r een M e t er s : A w o r l d w i d e e v en t f o r a g l o b al e n v i r o n m en t al c h al l en g e

B e r l in, Ne w Yor k, P a r i s a nd S ha ngha i a r e f

o ur ma j o r c it ies a r ou nd t he w o r ld w h os e gr o w t h ha s b e e n d r iven b y t he mo b il it y o f go od s a nd t he m il l i o n s of p e op le w

ho c o me a nd go e ve r y d a y. T ha t ’ s w hy M i c h e li n c ho se t he s e f ou r loca t i o ns t o laun c h a t r uly un i q ue e ve n t w

h os e ob jec t i v e is t o f o c us t h e p u b li c ’ s a tt e nt i o n on t he e nvironme nt a l a n d e ne r g y i s su e s in vo lved i n c ho os i n g th e r i g ht t i r e
. B e ginn i n g O c t

. 3 0 , 20 07 , t he se f ou r c it ies w i ll p l a y hos t t o Mi c he l in’s g r e e n m e t e r s. P e o p le pa ss ing b y t h e C it y G r ou p Ma n si on t ow e r in S h a ng ha i , C hina ; t he f

a ç a d e of t he P a r k I nn Ho te l in B e r l in; t he P or t d e S uf f r e n a t t h e f o ot o f t he E iff e l T o we r i n P a r i s ; a nd t he NA S DA Q a n d R e u ter s b oa r ds in T im e s S q u a r e , Ne w Yor k C it y wil l se e t he r e du c t ions in f

ue l c o ns ump t ion a n d l o w e r C O 2 e mi ss i o ns g e ne r a t e d b y M ic h e l in’s “ gr e e n e n e r g y s a v i n g” t i r e s s ince th e i r laun c h in 1 9 92

. T h e me t e r s wi ll c o nt inue t o c oun t, i n r e a l t im e , t he e v e r ­ inc r e a s i n g f

u e l a nd C O 2 sa ving s a s m or e a n d more o f M i c he li n’ s e nv ironm e nt a ll y ­ p o si ti ve t ire s a r e p l a c e d i n t o se r

v ice on r oa ds a r o und th e w o r ld.
M ic he li n g r e e n e ne r g y sa ving t i r e s i n c lud e a va r ie t y of pa s s e ng e r c a r , li ght truc k a n d c o mm e r c ial t r u c k t i r e s op t im ize d f or f u e l e c o no m y b y r e du c ing t h e i r r o ll ing r e s i s ta nc e a n d w e igh t of th e ti r e with ou t c o mp r omi s ing ot he r ke y p e r f or manc e f a c t or s su c h a s t r a c t ion , gr i p a nd tre a d w e a r
. R e duc ing ro l l ing r e s is t a n c e a l s o r e d u c e s C O 2 e m is s ions

. M ic he li n h a s lon g b e e n c o m mi t t e d t o b e tt e r m ob il i t y, me a ning mob i l it y t ha t is “ s us t a ina

b l e f or t he p lane t a n d soc ie t y ov e r t he lon g ter m
. ” T ha n k s t o M ic he li n ’ s g r e e n m e ter s , d r iver s wil l n ow ha ve a b e tt e r u nde r s t a nd i n g of t he e nv i r on me n ta l c o n s e q ue n c e s a t st a

k e w he n th e y c h oo se t ire s f or t he i r v e hicl e s
. 

### 1
. M i c h e l i n ’ s g r e e n e n e r g y s a v i n g t i r e s : q u a n t i f y i n g t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l b e n e f i t s i n r e a l t i m e
I n e a c h o f t he f our c it i e s, t h e M iche l in gr e e n m e ter s w il l d i s p lay e st i mat e s of : ÿ W or ld wide f ue l sa ving s a t tribut a b le to M ic h e l i n g r e e n e ne r g y s a v i n g ti r e s c omp a r e d t o c o nv e n ti on a l t i r e s on t h e r o a d s i n c e 1 99 2 , a t o ta l

of 2 ,38 0 , 056 , 909 g a ll o n s . ÿ T h e e v e r ­ inc r e a s i n g f u e l sa vings , t ha nks to M ic h e li n g r e e n e ne r g y sa ving t i r e s c u r r e nt ly on t h e r o a d , up da ted a t a r a te of 1 1 .6 ga l ./ se c o n d . ÿ T h e a mo unt of C O 2 not r e l e a s e d int o th e a t mos p h e r e si nc e th e i n t r od uc ti on in 19 92 of M ic he li n g r e e n e n e r g y sa ving t ir e s , a to ta l o f 2 5 , 1 19 ,8 9 0 t o n s . ÿ T h e a mou nt o f C O 2 n ot r e le a se d i n to t he a tm o sp he r e up d a ted a

t a r a t e of mo r e t ha n 24 0 . 61 lb s ./s e c o n d

.



### 2
. T h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t o f t i r e s : a n i g n o r e d i s s u e5 W hi le man y dr i v e r s a r e in f a vo r of mo r e e nv i r on me n ta l l y p osi t i v e mob i l it

y , mo st a r e una w a r e of ho w ti r e s c a n r e d uc e a ve hic l e ’ s e n vir o n ment a l im

p a c t b y im p r ov i n g it s e ne r g y p e r f or man c e
. I n a r e c e nt su r v e y 1 b y M i c he l in , ti r e s a r e m e nt i o ne d a s a s our c e o f p o l lut ion b y o nl y 2 4 p e r c e n t of t hos e s ur ve y e d

. I n f a c t , du e to r ol l i n g r e s is t a n c e , t i r e s c a n h a v e a si gn ific a n t im

p a c t o n ve h icl e f ue l e c on o m y a n d t he e nviron ment i n g e n e r a l

.

ß W h a t is r o l li n g r e si s t a n c e ?
W it h e a c h r ot a ti on o f th e w he e l, t he s ha p e of t h e ti r e c ha ng e s s l igh tl y un de r th e w e igh t of th e ve hicle a s th e ti r e make s c o ntac t w it h t he r oa d. As i ts s truc tu r e c ha ng e s , th e t i r e ’ s c o mp o ne n t s he a t up a n d so me of th e e n e r g y t r a ns mi t t e d b y th e e n g ine is los t. T his is t he p h e n omenon k no w

n a s r o l l ing r e s i s ta nc e
. S ince e ne r g y i s ne e de d to k e e p a ve hicle mov i n g f

o r w a r d , lo w e r in g a ti r e ’ s r ol l ing r e s i s ta nc e m a ke s i t p os si b le t o r e du c e f

u e l c ons ump ti on a nd, c on se q ue nt l y, lo w e r e m i s si on s of C O 2 a nd ot h e r g r e e n hou se g a s e s
. R o l l ing r e s i s ta nc e is on e of t he f iv e f or c e s a ve hi c l e m u st ove r c ome in o r de r t o k e e p mo ving . T h e ot he r s a r e : 1 ) a ir r e s is t a n c e ( w hi c h d e p e nd s on v e h i c le sp e e d ) , 2 ) s i g nif

i c a nt i n e r ti a f or c e s w he n a c c e ler a t i n g ( s uc h a s in c it y dr iv ing), 3 ) gr a v i t y w h e n dr i v i n g u p h i l l, a n d 4 ) int e r na l f r ic t i o n ( i n volv i n g th e t r a nsm i s si on , f o r e x a mp le )

.

ß **V is**  **ib le**  **d i**  **f f**  **e r**  **e n**  **c e**  **s in**  **pe r**  **f o**  **r m**  **a n**  **c e**  W h e n it c o m e s t o r o ll in g r e si s t a n c e , a l l t ir e s a r e n o t e q u a l , w i t h d i f f e r e n c e s o f u p t o 5 0 p e r c e n t o n t i r e s d e s ig n e d t o e q u i p t h e s a m e v e h ic l e . T o high li g ht t he se di f f e r e nc e s , M iche l in d e mons t r a ted, a t th e 62 n d F r a nk f

u r t Au t o S how in S e pt e mb e r 2 00 7 , t he p he nom e no n of r o l li

n g r e s is ta nc e a n d i t s i mp a c t o n f u e l c on su mp t i o n t o th e p ub li c
. T h e t e s t i n vo l v e d a c o nc a v e 72

­ f

oo t tr a c k a n d tw o P e ug e o t 30 8s a ut omo b i les th a t we r e

1 S ur ve y o f 5 ,06 1 We b u s er s a g e 1 8 t o 6 5 cond ucte d o nli

n e b y M i ch el i n and L H1 2 f r om F eb

. 27 to M a r ch 10 , 2 00 6

. T he s amp le comp r is ed 1 , 0 61 F r enc h, 1 ,00 0 C h i n e s e , 1 ,00 0 J ap ane s e, 1 ,000 Ame r ica ns and 1 ,00 0 Ge r m a ns us ing the q uo t a m e th od o f s amp l ing

.6 ident ica l e x c e p t f or t he i r ti r e s
. O ne w a s f it t e d wi t h M i c he l i n E ne r g y S a v e r t ir e s a n d th e ot he r wit h t i r e s w h os e r o ll ing r e s is ta nc e w a s th e s a me a s t he mar ke t a v e r a g e 2 ( se e i l lus tra t ion a

b o ve )

. R e l e a s e d f r o m a h e igh t of 1 0

. 5 f e e t on a 20 d e gr e e s lop e , t he t w o ve h icle s r o ll e d f

or w a r d a n d ba c k w a r d, p r o p e l led o nl y b y t he i r we ight

. T he c a r e quipp e d w it h M iche l in Ene r g y S a v e r t ir e s, w h i c h of f e r l e s s r o ll ing r e s i s t a nc e , c on t i n ue d t o mo ve s i g nific a nt l y l o nge r t ha n th e other ve hicle

. T h i s il l u st r a t e s t ha t t he c a r r e q uir e s l e ss e ne r g y to c ov e r t he s a me d is t a n c e a s a no th e r e q u i

p p e d with di f f e r e n t t ire s , b e c a us e o f t he b e ne f it s p r ov i d e d b y M i c he li n En e r g y S a ve r t i r e s
.

2 I S O te s t con du c t e d b y T ÜV S ÜD Autom oti v e in 20 07 o n a r ep r es enta

t ive m ar ket s amp le o f 1 9 5 / 65 R 15 and 2 05 / 5 5 R 16 t ir e s
.7 

## II. M i c h el i n ’ s en v i r o n m en t al c o m m i t m en t : Hel p i n g t o l o w er CO 2 

## em i s s i o n s

1. L o w er i n g C O 2 

## e m i s s i o n s : A p r i o r i t y f o r M i c h el i n ’ s r es ear c h an d d ev el o p m en t t ea m s
An a ggr e s s i v e c o m m i t me n t t o r e du c ing t ir e e ne r g y c on su mp t i o n ha s gu i d e d M i c h e l i n t hr ou gh out it s h is t or y. T he incr e a s i n g i mp or ta nc e of t his c ha ll e n ge is i ll us t r a ted b y t he f

a c t t h a t th e w or ld ’ s c u r r e nt e s t i ma ted 8 30 m i l li o n v e h icle s, wh ic h a r e r e sp on s ib le f

o r 1 8 p e r c e nt o f glob a l C O 2 e m i s si on s 3
, a r e e x p e c t e d t o doub le b y 20 30 4

. W it

h it s gr e e n e ne r g y sa ving ti r e s , M i c h e li n i s de mon st r a t i n g i t s c o nc e r n f o r p r e s e r ving e n e r g y r e s ou r c e s
. T his is p a r

t ic ula r l y c r it ic a l s in c e a t c u r r e nt c on sum p ti o n l e ve l s , a t le a st o ne ma jor a ut hor it y b e li e ve s t ha t t he w o r ld’s e a s i l y a c c e ss ib le oil r e s e r ve s c ould b e de p le t e d in an e st i mat e d 31 y e a r s 5

. A c o m m it m e n t t o r e d u c in g t h e e n v ir o n m e n t a l im p a c t a n d f u e l c o n su m p t io n o f t ir e s is a g u i d i n g p r i n c ip le a t M ich e li n

19 46 : T he inv e n ti on of th e r a dial t i r e im

p r ove d p e r f or man c e in a n umb e r o f diff e r e n t a r e a s, a m ong t he m r o ll ing re s i s t a nc e . T his le d t o a r e d uc t ion i n f

ue l c o ns u mp t ion

.

3 S ou r ce : I n ter na tion al E n e r g y A ge n cy 4 S ou r ce : Wor l d B us in es s C ou nc i l f o r S u s tai n a b l e D e v e lop me nt, a G e neva ­ b as ed a s s o c i ation o f 1 70 inte r n at i o nal c or p o r at io ns com m itt e d to s up p or ting sus t a inab le d eve lop m e nt 5 S ou r ce : F r a n c e’s M i n is tr y o f th e E cono m y , Fi n anc e a nd I nd us t

r y S i l i c a t i r e s l b s . /t o n8 19 92 : L a u nc h o f M ic he li n g r e e n e n e r gy s a ving t ire s, wh ic h int e g r a ted si l i c a i n t he t r e a d a s a pa r t ial sub s t it u te f or c a r b on b lac k. S il ic a he lp s to low e r r ol li ng r e s is t a n c e w it hou t c o mp r omi s i n g p e r f or ma nc e i n t r a c t ion, gr ip ( e sp e c ia l l y on w e t s ur f

a c e s) a nd t r e a d l ife

. T h is i n n o v a t i o n m a d e a s i g n i f ica n t im p r ove m e n t in r e d u c i n g t h e e n e r g y n e e d e d t o k e e p a v e h icle m ov i n g , e n a b li n g a r e d u c t i o n i n f u e l c o n su m p t i o n o f .0 6 g a l/ 1 , 0 00 m i les . T ha t ’ s w h y th e “ M ic h e l in gr e e n e n e r g y s a ving t ir e s” n a me w a s c h os e n —t o un de r s c or e t he d u a l a dv a n t a ge in ter ms of f

ue l sa ving s a n d lo w e r 

### C O 2 e m is s i o ns
. T o d a y , f u r t h e r a d v a n c e s a r e s t i ll p o ss ib le. R e se a r c h e r s a t M ich e l in b e l ie ve t h a t s i g n i f i c a n t a d d it io n a l r e d u c t io n s in r o ll in g r e s i s t a n c e , u p t o 5 0 p e r c e n t , a r e p o s s i b l e w i t h in t h e n e xt 1 0 t o 15 y e a r s —a t e c h n ica l c h a l len ge t o w h ich M ich e l i n is r e sp o n d in g w it h sp e c ia l r e se a r c h p r og r a m s . M ic he li n h a s f oc u se d on r ol li ng r e s is t a n c e b e c a us e , c on tra r y to c o mm o n b e li e f

, a t ir e h a s it s gr e a t e st e n v i r o n m e n t a l im p a c t — u p t o 86 p e r c e n t — w h e n i t is i n u s e o n t h e r oa d , n ot dur i n g ma nuf a c tu r e o r dis p o s a l. T he il lus t r a ti on b e l o w s h o w s th e e nv iron me n ta l i mp a c t of a ti r e t hr oug ho ut it s l i f e
.

S ou r ce : M a y 20 01 stud y con du c te d b y P r é c C on s u lt a n t B

. V * B a nne d i n E u r o p e s i nce 20 0 69 

## 2. E n v i r o n m en t al l y f r i e n d l i e r c ar s , t h a n k s t o M i c h el i n g r ee n en er g y s a v i n g t i r e s

I n 1 5 y e a r s, M iche li n ha s de v e lop e d no f

e w e r t ha n f ou r ge ne r a ti on s of M ic h e l in gr e e n e ne r g y s a ving t ir e s, c l e a r p r oof of t he im p o r tan c e giv e n t o p r o t e c t ing t he e nviron ment a nd p r e se r

v i n g e n e r g y r e s ou r c e s
.



### ß T h r e e o u t o f fo u r M i c h e l i n c a r t i r e s s o l d i n E u r o p e a r e g r e e n e n e r g y s a v i n g t i r e s
M or e t ha n 570 mi l li o n Mi c he l in gr e e n e n e r g y s a ving t ir e s ha ve b e e n so l d w o r ld w i d e si nc e 19 92

. T h e e n vir o nment a l im p a c t h a s b e e n c o nsi d e r a b le, given th a t f or c a r ti r e s a l o ne t his r e p r e s e n ts a ga i n o f m o r e t h a n 1 .7 b i ll i o n ga ll o n s o f f u e l a n d a r e d u c t io n o f m o r e t h a n 17 .6 m i ll io n t o n s o f 

### C O 2 , th e e q uiva l e nt o f w h a t is a b s or b e d b y 65 0 mi ll ion t r e e s i n a ye a r
. T h e l a t e st a d dit ion t o the M ic h e l in gr e e n e ne r g y sa vin g t ir e s l in e up w a s un ve i le d t o t he p u

b li c a t t he 6 2 nd F r a nk f u r t A u t o S ho w th i s pa s t S e pt e mb e r
. C a ll e d t h e M i c h e l in E n e r g y S a v e r , t h e n e w t i r e m a k e s f u r t h e r si g n ific a n t i m p r o ve m e n t s i n a c a r ’ s e n e r g y b a la n c e a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t , r e d u c in g f u e l c o n su m p t i o n b y n e a r ly 0 . 2 l it e r p e r 10 0 k m a n d r e d u c i n g C O 2 e m is s io n s b y a lm o s t 4 g / k m . T he se r e p r e se nt c ons ider a b le c os t b e ne f

i t s, e na b li ng mot or is t s t o s a ve ne a r ly € 2 € e v e r y ti me t he y f i l l up ( f or a d i e se l­ p ow e r e d ve h icle with a 5 0

­ l it e r f

u e l t a n k t ha t c o ns umes r oug h l y 6 l/ 1 0 0 km, and b a s e d o n a n a ve r a g e p r ic e of € 1 .20 € p e r l it e r )

. C o mpar e d wi t h t he mar ke t a ve r a g e 6
, t he g a ins d e li

v e r e d b y th e M i c he li n Ene r g y S a ve r ti r e a r e c o ns i d e r a b l e

— not on l y f or dr i v e r s b u t a ls o f o r t he e nvironm e nt , whe n v iew e d i n t e r ms o f t he t otal
nu mb e r of c a r s o n th e r o a d a nd t otal dis t a n c e s tra ve led

. Du r ing t he e nt ir e li f

e o f a v e hi c le, t h is is c lo se t o o n e t o n o f C O 2 n o t r e l e a s e d int o th e a t mos p he r e , e q u ivale nt t o t he a moun t a b so r

b e d b y 40 t r e e s i n a y e a r
.



### ß R e c o n c i l i n g e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o t e c t i o n , s a f e t y a n d r o a d p e r f o r m a n c e
T h e c h a l le n ge t o w h i c h M i c he l in is r e sp ond ing is t o d e s i g n t ir e s t h a t he l

p r e du c e f ue l c o ns ump ti on w h il e ma i n ta ini ng t he s a me h i g h p e r f or man c e le v e ls in o t he r a r e a s. I n t his r e sp e c t, t he M ic h e li n E n e r g y S a v e r t ir e

— th e f o ur th g e n e r a t ion of Mi c he l in gr e e n e n e r g y s a ving ti r e si nc e 19 92 —r e p r e se nt s a s y nt he si s o f a l l o f M ic he l i n ’ s s ki l l s a nd e xp e r ti se
. F ue l sa ving s a r e c o mb ined with sup e r ior g r ip a n d sa f e t y , a s we ll a s t he b e s t t otal m il e a ge i n t he mar ke t.

6 I S O tes t c o ndu c ted b y T Ü V S ÜD Auto moti ve in 20 07 o n a r e p r es enta tiv e mar ke t s amp le o f 1 9 5 / 65 R 1 5 and 2 05 / 5 5 R 16 t ir e s
.10 

### ß M i c h e l i n g r e e n e n e r gy s a v i n g t i r e s p r ov i d e a u t om o t i v e m a n u fa c t u r e r s w i t h k e y a d v a n t a ge s i n m e e t i n g f u t u r e E u r o p e a n e n vi r o n m e n t a l s t a n d a r d s

T h e Eur op e a n C omm is s ion ha s r e a f f ir me d it s d e t e r m ina ti on “ t o a ddr e s s e n e r gy e f

f ici e nc y a n d C O 2 e mi s s ion s f r o m c a r s.” 7 I n i t s “ Ja n ua r y 200 7 p a c k a g e on e ne r g y a nd c l i mat e ” , t

h e c o m m is s i o n e m p h a si z e d t h a t “ f u r t h e r m e a s u r e s t o t a c k le a u t o m o b il e C O 2 e m i s si o n s f r o m c a r s w il l b e o u t li n e d ( ... ) i n o r d e r t o r e a c h t h r o u g h a c o m p r e h e n s ive a n d c o n s is t e n t a p p r oa c h t h e t a r ge t o f 120 g C O 2 / k m b y 20 12 . ” I n mi d

­ 2 00 8 , t he c omm is s ion wi ll su gge st a le g i s l a t i v e f r a me w o r k t o th e Eu r o p e a n P a r li a ment in o r de r t o a c hi e v e t h is ob j e c t ive

. T h i s w i l l b e no e a sy t a s k. O v e r t he ne x t f

ou r y e a r s , Eu r o p e a n c a r ma ke r s mu st a c hie v e a r e d u c t i o n o f 2 0 g/ k m in t h e a ve r a g e le v e l o f C O 2 e m is s i o n s f or a ll t he i r mode l s , f r om 1 40 g/ km in 2 00 8 to 1 20 g/ k m in 20 12

. T ha t’s w h e r e th e M i c h e li n E n e r gy S a v e r t i r e c a n p lay a c r u c ial
r ole, s inc e t h e t ir e a l o n e c a n a c h iev e o n e ­ f i f t h o f t h a t go a l w it h o u t a n y o t h e r c h a n ge s b e i n g m a d e in t o d a y ’ s E u r o p e a n ve h icle s

. F or c a r mak e r s, t h i s r e p r e s e nt s a “ p lug a nd p l a y ” s olut ion

. T h e tec h nolog y de p loy e d b y M ic h e l i n n ot o nl y r e du c e s th e ve h icle ’ s e n v ir o nm e nt a l i mp a c t b u

t a ls o a c h ie ve s e c on o m ie s o f sc a l e f o r c a r mak e r s, w h ic h a r e s up p or ted b y M ic h e li n d u r i n g th e a u t omot ive d e s i g n p ha se i n f indi ng e nv i r on me n ta l p r ot e c t i o n so l u ti on s. T his a pp r oa c h is r e f l e c ted in th e p a r t ne r s hip b e t w e e n M ic h e l i n a nd P e uge ot d ur i n g th e de ve lop me n t of t he P e u ge o t 30 8 a u t omo b i le

. T he M iche l in Ene r g y S a v e r t ir e c on tr ib utes to t he low f

ue l c o ns ump t ion of ve h icl e mod e ls f i t t e d wit h 9 0 h p a nd 11 0 hp HD i e ng in e s
.



## ß M i c h e l i n g r e e n e n e r gy s a v i n g t i r e s c o n t i n u e t o d e l i v e r v a l u e t o t h e p a s s e n ge r c a r a n d l i g h t t r u c k m a r k e t i n N o r t h A m e r i c a

I n t he Un it e d S ta t e s , w he r e C o r p or a t e Ave r a ge F u e l Ec on omy ( C AF E) s t a nda r ds h a ve b e e n e n f o r c e d b y t h e N a t i o na l Highw a y T r a f f ic & S a f e t y Admin is tra t ion ( NH TS A) s inc e t he mi d19 70 s, M ic h e l i n h a s supp or ted it s ve h i c le m a nu f

a c t ur e r c us to mer s i n r e a c hin g t he se C AF E s ta nd a r d s b y p r o vidi ng lo w r ol li ng r e s i s ta nc e t ir e s t ha t do no t c omp r omi s e o th e r ke y p e r f or ma nc e s s uc h a s t r a c t i o n a n d w e t ha n dli ng. C AF E st a n d a r d s a r e f

o c u se d on im p r ovin g th e f ue l e c on o m y of p a ss e ng e r ve h icle s , w h ich i n t u r n lo we r s C O 2 e m i s si on s.
I n b ot h or igi na l e q uip ment a nd r e p la c e m e nt ti r e s, M i c he li n of

f e r s c on su m e r s f ue l e f f icie nt t i r e s t ha t s a ve mo ne y a n d he lp p r o tec t t h e e n vir o nme n t

. F o r e x a m

p l e , t he r e c e n t l y int r o duc e d M i c h e li n La ti t ude T ou r HP ti r e f o r t he f a s t gr owing C UV m a r k e t will s a v e c o ns ume r s u p t o $ 400 in f

ue l c o st s ( a t t od a y’ s p r ic e s) ove r t he l i f e of t he ir ve h icle a nd w i l l a l s o r e du c e t he a mo un t of C O 2 e m i s si on s b y mo r e th a n o ne t on o ve r th e sa me p e r i o d.


## 3. P r o m o t i n g t h e c r eat i o n o f e n er g y ­ ef f i c i en c y l a b el i n g f o r t i r e s

M ic he li n is le a ding t he e f f or t t o c r e a te a n e n e r gy e f f icie n c y ind e x syst e m f or c a r a nd t r uc k t ir e s, s i m i lar t o t ha t u s e d b y t he a u t omo b i le indu st r y t o r a te v e hic l e f

u e l c on su mp t i o n a nd C O 2

7 S ou r ce : E u r o p ea n U n ion, CO M ( 20 06) 54 511 e m i s si on s. I n a s i m il a r f a shi o n, mo to r is ts loo king t o pu r c ha se t ir e s will b e a

b l e to s e e a t a g l a nc e t he e ne r g y p e r f or man c e o f th e t i r e t he y a r e c o ns i d e r i n g.
Un de r M iche l in’s lea d e r sh i p , th e e n ti r e in dus try in E ur op e is w o r

k i n g t o mak e th is p r o je c t a r e a l it y , r e f lec t ing a c omm it m e nt to infor m c o nsu mer s t ha t t i r e s p e r f

o r m v e r y d if f e r e n t l y in ter m s of r o l l ing r e s i s t a nc e a n d, c on se que nt ly , e nv i r on me n ta l im

p a c t

. T h e s e dif f e r e nc e s ma y b e a s much
a s 50 p e r c e nt f or d if f e r e n t t i r e b r a n ds p r o du c e d f o r th e s a me c a r . F o r a c a r a t 4 0 mp g, a diff

e r e n c e of more th a n 5 0 p e r c e nt i n r oll i n g r e s is t a nc e c a n im

p r ov e f ue l c o nsu mp t ion b y up to 4 mp g a n d lo w e r C O 2 e mi ss i o ns b y up t o 10 p e r c e n t. T he c las si f

i c a t i o n p lan ne d f or Eur op e w i l l r a nge f r om a n A r a t i n g f o r t ire s w i t h t he b e st e ne r g y p e r f or man c e t o a l o w r a ti ng ( no t ye t de f ined) f or th e le a st e f f i c i e n t. T ir e s th a t f a l l b e lo w t he lo w e s t r a t i n g wi l l n ot b e a ll owe d f

o r sa le i n E ur op e
. T h e s y st e m s h o u l d b e p r ov id e d in E u r o p e b e g i n n in g i n 2 01 1 . I n th e Un it e d S t a t e s , M ic he l i n is a g gr e s si ve ly s up p or

t i n g r o ll ing r e si s ta nc e l e g is lat ion p e nd i n g b e f o r e t he U.S

. C o ngr e s s th a t w o uld r e q uir e t he NH T S A, i n c ons ult a t i o n w it h t h e U.S

. En vir o nm e nt a l P r ot e c t i o n A ge n c y ( EP A) , t o d e v i s e a nd im

p le m e nt a c ons umer i n f o r ma t i o n p r og r a m t o giv e c on su me r s f or t he f i r s t ti me t he a b il i t y to k no w a nd c om p a r e r oll ing r e s is ta nc e p e r f or ma nc e c ha r a c t e r is t i c s a t th e p oin t of s a le

. S im il a r to t he E U e f

f or t, th i s r o l l ing r e si s ta nc e infor mat i o n tra nsl a tes dir e c t ly i n to f ue l e c on om y a n d will a l l o w c on sum e r s to c hoo se t he mo st f ue l e f f i c ient t ire s for t he ir ve h icle s
.
M ic he li n is a ls o a c ti v e ly wo r k ing with t he s t a t e of C a li f or nia t o im p l e me n t r e gu lat i o ns t o f u lfi ll As se mb ly B il l 8 44 ( AB8 44 ) , a l r e a dy p a s se d i n to law b y t he st a t e le gis l a tu r e , r e q uiring a r ol li

n g r e s i s ta nc e gr a d i n g syst e m f o r t i r e s s o ld in th e st a t e
. T h is c o n s u m e r in f o r m a t io n s y st e m c o u ld b e in p l a c e in t h e st a t e o f C a li f o r n ia a s e a r ly a s 2 00 9.

M ic he li n ’ s e f f or t s to int r od uc e e ne r g y e f f icie nc y la b e li ng a r e mo ti va ted b y t he b e n e f

i t s it w o u ld p r ov i d e t o c on su me r s a s w e ll a s b y t he c omp a ny’ s c om m i t m e n t t o p r ot e c t t he e nvironme nt

. T h is c a n mak e t he c ons umer ’ s c h oi c e of r e p l a c e m e n t ti r e s a n a c t of r e s p o ns i

b l e e nvi r onment a l s tew a r ds hip , s ince i n a ddit i o n t o p r ovidi ng o v e r a ll f

u e l c os t s a ving s, lo w r o ll i n g r e s is t a n c e ti r e s a ls o lo w e r th e C O 2 e mi ss i o ns t ha t c o nt r i b ut e to glob a l w a r m ing

.



### M i c h e l i n ’ s l o w r o l l i n g r e s i s t a n c e t i r e s f o r p a s s e n g e r c a r s o f t e n d i s p l a y a s p e c i a l
“ G r e e n X” m a r k i n g o n t h e s i d e w a l l
. 

## 4. E n v i r o n m e n t al t ec h n o l o g i e s d e v e l o p ed f o r t r u c k t i r es

F o r c omm e r c ial t r u c k i n g f lee t s , th e c os t of f u e l a nd ti r e s c a n r e p r e se nt mo r e t ha n 2 5 p e r c e n t of to t a l op e r a t ing c ost s
. T h i s a c c ou nt s f

o r mi l l ion s of d ol lar s12 e a c h ye a r t ha t tra nsl a t e int o high e r shi pp ing a n d r e tail c o st s f

or e a c h of us. T his is w hy M i c h e li n t r a ns f e r r e d it s l o w r o ll i n g­ r e si st a nc e t e c hn o log y, int r o du c e d in 1 9 92 f

or p a sse n ge r c a r t i r e s , t o t r u c k t ire s i n 1 99 4

. W hi le th e a v e r a ge pa s se ng e r c a r in No r t h Ame r i c a t r a ve l s a pp r ox im a t e ly 1 2 ,000 mi l e s a ye a r , a long

­ h a u l t r u c k c a n r a c k up t he s a me n u mb e r o f m i l e s e a c h mon th

. A nd, o ne f

l e e t c a n h a v e hu nd r e ds o r e v e n t ho us a nd s of ve hic l e s – r e s ult i n g i n mi l li o ns o f do ll a r s in f

ue l a n d ti r e c o st s. At t he s a me t im e , e ne r g y c o st s a r e a t his to r ic high s. Die s e l f

ue l ha s more t ha n do u b le d in t he Un it e d S t a t e s ove r t he last f i v e y e a r s a n d ha s i n c r e a se d in Eu r o p e b y 40 p e r c e n t ov e r t he s a me p e r iod. F u e l i s s e c on d only t o lab o r c os ts f or truc king f le e t s
. W i t h t he s e f a c to r s i n mi nd , t i r e p e r f o r ma nc e a n d f u e l e c ono m y a r e no t on ly ma jor e nv iron ment a l c o nc e r n s b u t a ls o major f ina nc ia l i s s ue s f o r t he t r u c k i n g i n du st r y
. T h e r igh t t i r e c ho ic e c a n b e the diff e r e nc e i n t h e p r of i t a b i li ty o f a t r u c k i n g c o mp a ny.

E u r o p e a n t r u c k i n g c o m p a n y e x p e n s e s

S o u r ce : F r en ch N a ti o na l Roa d Ha u lag e C o m m it t e e ( C NR ) – 2 00 6



### ß M i c h e l i n g r e e n e n e r gy s a v i n g t r u c k t i r e s
S ince e a c h a x le ha s i t s own s p e c ial r e q uire ment s, M i c h e l in g r e e n e ne r g y sa ving t i r e s in Nor t h Ame r ic a c omp r is e th r e e ma j o r t y p e s:

­ S t e e r a x le : M ic h e li n XZ A­ 1+ , XZ A2 a nd XZ A3 ti r e s

­ Dr i v e a x le : M ich e l i n X DA E n e r gy , XD A3 a nd X O n e XD A t ire s

­ T r a il e r a x le : M i c h e li n XT A E n e r g y , XT ­ 1 a nd X O n e XT A t i r e s



### ß D e l i ve r i n g e c o n o m i c a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l b e n e fi t s i n E u r o p e B e c a u se t h e y r e d u c e f u e l c o n s u m p t io n b y a p p r o xim a t e ly t wo l it e r s p e r 1 00 k m , M ic h e li n E n e r g y t ir e s p r o v id e E u r op e a n t r u c k in g c o m p a n i e s w i t h a c o n si d e r a b l e a d va n t a g e . I f c o ns ump ti on is r e d uc e d b y one li te r p e r 1 00 k m t hr ou g h t he e nt ir e l if

e o f t he t ire , t his t r a ns l a tes in t o a s a v i n gs of 6 0 ,00 0 l / y e a r

— f o r a f l e e t of 5 0 t r u c ks e a c h c ov e r i n g 1 20 , 0 00 k m/ ye a r

— or €5 4 , 00 0 € b a s e d o n a p r ic e o f €0

. 9 0 € f o r a li t e r of d iese l f ue l *

. And in a d dit io n to t he f inan c ial13 b e ne f it f or t r uc k ing c o mp a nie s , lo we r ing f ue l c o ns u m p t ion r e d uc e s t he ind us tr y ’ s i mp a c t o n t h e e n viron ment

. Ea c h li te r of die s e l f ue l s a ve d c o r r e s p o nds to 2

. 6 6 kg of C O 2 n ot r e le a se d i n t o th e a t mo s p h e r e
. T ha t’s w h y Eur op e a n l e gis lat ion n ow r e c o gnize s t ha

t ti r e s p l a y a si gn i f ic a nt r ole in he lp ing t o r e du c e e m i s s io ns o f ha r m f ul p oll ut a n ts a nd gr e e n ho use ga s e s
.
S ou r ce : T h e M ic h e lin Ch a lle n g e



### ß T h e M i c h e l i n X O n e r e vo l u t i o n i n N o r t h A m e r i c a
La unc he d a t th e e n d of 2 000 , t he M ic h e l in X O n e t i r e r e p la c e s dua l t ir e s on c om me r c i a l ve h icle s in Nor th A me r i c a with o ne w id e ­ b a s e d s ingl e t i r e , e f

f e c t ive ly t ur ning 1 8

­ w he e le r s int o 10

­ whe e l e r s. B y c o mp a r i s on, M iche li n X O ne t ire s will im

p r o ve t he v e h ic l e ’ s f ue l e c on om y b y a r ou nd 4 p e r c e nt a nd c a n r e du c e t he we ight of a t r a c to r ­ tra il e r b y a s mu c h a s 72 0 p ou nds. T h e w e i g ht s a v i n gs a l lo w s ve h i c le s t o i n c r e a se t he i r p a yl o a d , w

hich i n t ur n me a ns f e we r t r u c ks a r e ne e d e d t o c a r r y t he s a me a mou nt of f r e ight , t hu s r e d uc i ng r oa d c o ng e s ti on
. A si ng le l o ng­ ha ul truc k , f it t e d wi t h M i c he l in X O ne ti r e s, c a n sa ve u p to 8 0 ga l lon s of f

u e l e a c h
mon t h, w h i c h a t t od a y’ s p r ice s c a n sa ve e a c h t r a c to r ­ tra il e r mo r e t h a n $ 2 00 p e r mon th in f

ue l c o st s
. T his gives l a r g e na ti on a l f le e t s t he a b i li t y t o l o w e r t he ir C O 2 e mi s si on s whi le s a v i n g mi ll ion s of d o ll a r s i n f u e l c os ts e a c h ye a r
. I n th e s e ve n ye a r s s ince M i c h e li n l a unc he d th e X O n e r e vo l

u ti on , t he se w id e s i n g le t i r e s h a v e c o l l e c t i v e l y sa ve d a n e s t i ma ted 15 mi l l ion g a ll ons o f f ue l a nd r e d uc e d C O 2 e mi ss i o ns b y more t ha n 165 t h ousa n d to ns
. An d th e de man d f o r M i c he li n X O ne ti r e s c ont inu e s t o gr ow, c o nv e r ti ng mo r e th a n 1 , 0 00 ve hic les
e a c h m ont h in No r th A m e r i c a
. T his is a gr e a t e x a mp le of M ic h e l in Du r a b l e T e c h no l o gy r e s e a r c h de l i v e r i n g a p r od uc t t ha t i s b ot h e nvironme nt a l l y

c o ns c iou s a n d e c ono mi c a ll y a d va n tage ou s.



### ß P r ove n a t T h e C h a l l e n g e
T o d e mo ns tra t e t he b e ne f i t s de l i v e r e d b y i t s En e r gy t r uc k t ir e s , M iche l in or ga nize d a n i mp a r ti a ll y s up e r v i s e d r e a l­l if e t e s t in S e p t e mb e r 200 6

. T w o ident i c a l truc ks l e f t M ic h e l in’s La d ou x R e s e a r c h C e n ter ne a r C l e r mo nt

­ F e r r a nd , F r a n c e o n S e pt

. 2 5 , 2 006 f or th e I A A M o to r S h ow i n H a no ve r , G e r man y , w

h e r e t he y a r r ived th e f o ll o w i n g da y
. B ot h truc ks c ov e r e d t he s a m e d is t a n c e of 7 77 mi l e s , f

o l l o w ing t he s a me it i n e r a r y, t r a ve l i n g a t th e s a me sp e e d a n d c a r r y ing t he s a me loa d. T he onl y d if

f e r e n c e w a s th e t i r e s ; t he f i r s t b e i n g e q uipp e d w it h ne w M i c h e li n E2 + t i r e s a nd th e se c o nd with n e w M ic h e l i n A2 E ne r g y lo w r o ll i n g r e s i s ta nc e t i r e s
. T h e M i c he li n A2 En e r gy t ire s r e su l t e d i n a f

ue l s a ving s of 7

. 6 g a l lon s c o mp a r e d t o th e Mi c he l in E2 + t i r e s , a n a ve r a ge incr e a s e of .3 5 mi le s p e r ga l lo n ( mp g ) f

o r a t r u c k t ha t a v e r a g e s 6 mp g.
T h e tab le b e low s ho w s t he a ve r a ge g a i n s o b s e r ve d dur ing a ti r e ’ s f

ir s t li f e ( 3 p e r c e n t f ue l
e c on om y) ob ta i n e d in a c t ua l dr ivi ng c ond i t ions b y a f lee t w it h 1 00 t r u c k s. Di e se l f u e l p r i c e $ 2

. 95 p e r g a ll on *14 F u e l s a v in g s t ha n ks t o M ic h e li n X O n e t i r e s 3 p e r c e n t* * Nu m b e r o f t r u c k s in t h e f l e e t ( e x a mp le ) 10 0 Ave r a g e d is t a n c e t r a ve l e d b y e a c h truc k 120 , 0 00 mi l e s Ave r a g e c u r r e n t f u e l e c o n o m y 6 mp g An n u a l s a v i n g s f or a f l e e t o f 5 0 t r uc ks $ 17 7 ,

000
S a v i n g s in t e r m s o f t ir e s 42 0 n

e w s t e e r t ir e s p e r ye a r ** *

* Se p t. 2 00 7 r epo r t e d b y th e U

. S

. D e p t. o f En e r g y
. * *N ew M ic h e lin X O n e ti r e s h a v e a 4 p er c en t f u e l eco n omy a d v a nt a g e o v e r d u a l tir e s
. W h il e t h e X O n e m a i n t a i n s a n a d v a n t a g e o v e r d u a ls th r ou gh o u t its l if e, t h e a d v a n t a g e i s m o r e su bst a n tia l w h e n t h e tir e s a r e n e w
. T h er e f o r e , th e o v er a l l f u el sa v ing s ha v e b ee n r e d u c e d t o 3 p e r ce n t f o r c a lc u l a ti o n
. * ** B a se d on a n est im a t e d r e p l a ce me n t tir e p r i c e o f $ 42 0 p er s teer t ir e F u e l s a v i n gs a ls o mea ns a r e duc e d e nv iron me nt a l im

p a c t , si nc e e a c h g a l l o n of d iese l f ue l sa ve d
r e p r e se nt s 22

. 3 p oun ds o f C O 2 n ot r e l e a s e d int o t he a tm o sp h e r e
. F or th e tab le a b ov e , t his r e s ult s in a r e d u c t io n i n C O 2 e m is s io n s o f a r o u n d 22 3 t o n s .



### ß F u e l s a v i n g s a n d l o w e r C O 2 

### e m i s s i o n s t h a n k s t o M i c h e l i n r e t r e a d i n g
I n a dd i t ion t o th e b e n e f it s p r o vide d b y l o w r o ll i n g r e si st a n c e t e c hn ology , M ic h e l i n t r

u c k t i r e s of f e r o th e r a dva ntag e s t ha t r e du c e f u e l c o nsu mp t ion a n d C O 2 e m is si on s. T h e ir a r c h it e c t ur e is de si gn e d s o th a t e a c h ti r e ha s mul t ip le li

v e s —t h e f i r s t wit h t he ne w t i r e , f o ll o w e d b y mu l t ip le
r e t r e a d s t hr oug h M i c he li n R e tre a d T e c h nolog i e s ( M R T)

. M ic he li n r e t r e a d i n g d e l ive r s p e r f or man c e c omp a r a b le to M ic h e l i n ne w t ir e s a nd a l s o he lp s p r e s e r ve r a w ma ter i a l s
. T h a t ’ s b e c a u se t he a mou nt of ma ter ia l ne e d e d t o r e tre a d a t i r e is on ly 2 0 p e r c e n t t o 30 p e r c e n t of wha t i s n e e de d t o man uf

a c tu r e a n e w t ire , s inc e m uc h o f th e or ig inal ma ter ials a r e r e use d

.



### ß R e d u c i n g fu e l c o n s u m p t i o n t h a n k s t o M i c h e l i n ’ s a d v i c e a n d e xp e r t i s e
F u e l e f f icie n c y c a n b e im p r ov e d if t i r e s a r e u se d a nd ma int a ined p r op e r ly. Mi c h e l in ha s more t ha n 1 , 300 e xp e r ts w ho t r a ve l a c r oss Eur op e a nd Nor th A me r ica , vis it in g truc k us e r s a n d he l

p i n g t he m t o o p ti mi z e t he i r f l e e ts a nd c hoo se , maint a i n a n d ma na g e th e ir t i r e s to a c hieve max im

um f ue l sa ving s. T he y a ls o t r a i n d e a ler s w ho t he n i n t ur n c a n b e t t e r s e r ve u se r s b y he l

p i n g t he m t o ge t t he m ost ou t o f Mi c he li n p r od uc t s
. I n Eur op e : I nt e n de d f or l a r g e t r uc king c omp a n i e s in Eur op e , t he Mi c he li n F le e t S o l

u ti on s of f e r i n g de p lo y s a un i q ue b us i n e s s model t ha t i n vo i c e s c us to mer s no t o n t i r e s p ur c h a s e d b u t on d i s tanc e s d r iven,
a g a in w it h t he go a l of o p t im i z ing a t i r e ’ s mu l t ip le li ve s a n d, i n p a r ti c u l a r , a c hie v i n g gr e a ter f

ue l s a ving s. F or it s Eur o p e a n truc king c omp a ny c us to me r s, M i c he li n r e c e nt ly int r odu c e d a n o nli

n e c a lc ula to r ( ww w
. m ic he l i n tra n sp or t.c o m/ e c o no mi e de c a r bu r a nt ) e n a b li ng t he m t o de ter mi

n e s i mu l a ted ga i n s de p e nd i n g on t he i r f le e t s i z e
.15 I n Nor th A me r i c a : M ic he li n a l s o of f e r s a n o nl i n e f u e l sa vings c a l c ulat or f or Nor th A m e r i c a n f l e e t s t ha t a ll o w s th e m t o c a l c ulat e t he s a ving s of s p e c if y ing M ic h e li n g r e e n e ne r g y s a v ing t i r e s
. T h i s c a lcu lat or c a n b e f oun d a t ww w.m i c h e li nt r uc k. c om
.16 

## III. M i c h el i n ’ s w o r l d w i d e c o m m i t m en t t o b e t t er m o b i l i t y

"W il l w e b e a b l e t o f ind so l u t i o ns that e na b le u s to d e ve lop mo b il i t y w

hi le r e duc i n g th e dis a dv a n t a ge s ? " a s k s W B C S D 8 P r e s i d e n t B jorn S ti g son
. As a ma j o r mob i li t y p l a y e r , M i c h e l in ha s r e sp on de d w i t h a c omm it m e nt to b e tt e r mo b il it y , mea n i n g t ha t i t i s s us taina

b le f o r th e p lan e t a n d so c ie t y o ve r th e long t e r m . T o f u l f i ll th i s c om m it m e n t, th e c o mp a ny is b a c k e d b y a c u l t ur e of p e r f or ma nc e a nd r e s p o n s i b i li t y t ha t h a s b e e n d e p l o y e d a c r os s t he or g a niza t i o n, o n a ll c ont ine n t s a n d in all h ost c o unt r ies. 

## 1. F i v e c o r e v al u e s
S ince a r e sp ons i b le e nt e r p r is e t ha t i s c omm it ted t o su st a in a b le de ve l o p ment mus t a s s e s s t h e ne ga ti ve e f f e c t s of i t s o p e r a t ion s i n or d e r to r e d uc e th e m, M i c he li n de ve l o p s it s high

­ p e r f

o r ma nc e p r od uc ts f r o m a f oun d a ti on of c or e v a lues. T his st r a t e gy is a p p a r e n t a t e a c h s tage o f t h e ma nuf a c tu r in g p r o c e ss
. R e sp e c t f o r c u st omer s , p e op l e , s ha r e holder s , t he e nv ironm e nt a nd f

a c t s a r e t he v a lues t ha t wi ll e n sur e M ic h e l i n ’ s r e sp ons i

b le , l on g­ ter m g r o w th

. 

## 2. M i c h e l i n P er f o r m a n c e an d R e s p o n s i b i l i t y : C r ea t i n g t h e c o n d i t i o n s f o r t h e c o m p an y ’ s r es p o n s i b l e, l o n g ­ t er m g r o w t h

M ic he li n ’ s g r o w t h i s dr iv e n b y p e r f or manc e , b ot h t e c h n ic a l , w hi c h e na b le s p e op le t o dr i v e sa f e l y on o ur t i r e s , a n d f i n a n c ia l , w h i c h und e r p ins t he c omp a ny’ s lon g­ ter m viab i li t y
. M i c h e li n is de dic a t e d to c ons ta nt ly i mp r ov i n g i t s p e r f

or man c e in b ot h o f th e s e a r e a s b y a ss umi ng it s r e s p o n s ib il i t i e s with r e g a r d to t he lo ng­ t e r m im p a c t o f it s p r odu c t s a n d a c ti vit i e s on p e op le a n d t he e nvi r on me nt

. I nt r o duc e d in 2 00 2 und e r t he g uidan c e o f Edo ua r d M ic he l in , th e M i c h e l in P e r f

or manc e a n d R e sp o ns ib il it y p r oc e ss i s d e s i g ne d to p ut in to p r a c t i c e t he c omp a ny’ s f

ive c or e va l u e s
. T o e na b le t his a p p r o a c h, th e M iche l in P e r f o r ma nc e a nd R e s p on si b il i t y C h a r ter w a s p ub li s he d i n 2 003

. T h i s 40

­ p a g e doc ument h a s b e e n tra n sl a t e d i n to 1 5 l a ngu a g e s a nd dis trib ut e d t o a l l M iche l in
ma na g e r s w o r ld wide

. M ic he li n P e r f o r ma nc e a n d R e s p o ns i b i li t y is b uil t on a n umb e r o f c o r n e r st on e s :
· P u r s uing a l o ng­ st a nding c om m it me n t t o op e r a t i n g r e sp on si b ly

. · An a ly z i n g t he c ha l le n ge s wi t h r e ga r d t o b e t t e r mo b il i t y p r ogr a ms a nd M ic h e li n ’ s o ve r a l l p e r f or ma nc e a s a g l o b a l , mar ke t­ le a d ing e n t e r

p r i s e
. · I d e n t i f ying t he e x p e c t a ti on s of d if f e r e n t st a ke h older gr ou p s , inc lud ing c u st omer s , e mp loyee s a n d sh a r e h older s
.

8 Wo r ld B us i n e s s C o un c i l f or S us tainab le D eve lop m e n t , a Ge neva ­ b a s e d a s s oc iation o f 1 7 0 inte r n at i o nal c or p o r at io ns com m itt e d to s up p or ting sus t a inab le d eve lop m e nt17 · M e a su r ing im p a c t a n d moni t or i n g p e r f or man c e t hr ou gh sp e c ific ind ica t or s th a t , f

or e x a m p le , c a lc ula te w o r k p lac e a c c id e nt f r e q u e n c y a nd s e ve r it y d a t a o r t he p e r c e n t a ge o f t i r e s p r odu c e d in p lan ts c e r t ifi e d t o I S O 140 01 e nv i r on me nt a l man a g e ment s t a nd a r ds

. · C o mp ly ing w it h l o c a l l e g is lat ion i n a l l ho st c oun trie s a n d, in s o me c a se s, a do p t i n g int e r na ti on a l nor ms f or m o r e d e mand i n g st a nda r d s i n s p e c i f ic s it u a t ions

. · R e p or t i n g p r og r e ss t o int e r na l a nd e x t e r na l s t a k e h older s o n a r e gu lar b a s i s
. 

## 3. T h e C h al l en g e B i b e n d u m : B r i n g i n g t o g e

t h er m o b i l i t y s t ak e h o l d er s

I n 1 99 8 , B i b e n dum, th e w o r ld­f a mou s M i c h e li n ma n, c e le b r a ted his 1 00t h b irth da y
. T o m a r k th is his to r ic m il e st on e , M i c h e li n c r e a t e d a n e ve nt t ha t w o ul d sp ot li g ht t he t e c hn ic a l p r ogr e ss ma de b y ve hicle man uf a c tu r e r s in de ve lo p ing e n vir o n ment a ll y f

r ie n d l y ve h icle s , p r ove n i n r e a l­ w or ld c o nd i t ions

. T h e r e su lt w a s t he f ir s t C h a ll e n g e B i b e n d u m , a f r iend l y c o mp e ti t i o n th a t r a n f r om C le r mon t­F e r r a n d, F r a nc e , t he si t e of t he M i c he li n G r o u

p ’ s w o r ld w id e h e a dq ua r ter s, t o th e C h a m p s ­ Ely sé e s i n P a r i s
. T h e C ha l le n ge B ib e ndu m is de si gn e d t o sp o

t li g h t t h e m o st s i g n if ica n t a d va n c e s i n b e t t e r m o b i l it y . T he idea b e h i n d th e e ve nt is si mp le: to he l

p p e op l e u nde r st a n d t he t e c hn ologi e s invo lve d t hr ou gh p r a c t i c a l de mo ns tra t ion s; a n d , t o se e how e a c h t e c hn o log y f

it s i n to t he o ve r a ll p ictu r e
. T h e a pp r o a c h us e d is e q ua ll y d ire c t : g i v e to da y’ s op ini on l e a de r s , d e c i s i o n­ mak e r s a n d med ia a c le a r , im p a r t i a l , c r e d i b l e vi e w of how t he “ s t a te­ o f

­ th e ­ a r t ” i n s c ienc e a nd t e c hn olog y c a n pa ve t he w a y t o th e de v e lop me n t of su st a in a

b le mob i li t y s olut i o ns
. A r e a l c o m m i t ment t o p r og r e ss in t his c r uc ial a r e a will r e q uire d e c is ion s i mp a c ti n g a ll o f soc ie t y
. U l t im a t e l y, e ve r yon e ha s a r ole t o p lay, w h e t he r go ve r n m e nt , ind us tr y or c o n s ume r s
. T h e C h a l lenge B ib e nd um w a s c r e a t e d t o sh ow t ha t t

h e a u to mob il e i n du st r y is w o r k in g t o w a r d b e t ter mob i li t y, a n d th a t i t a lr e a d y ha s s om e o f t he t e c hno logi e s ne e d e d to r e d uc e p oll ut i o n a n d im p r ov e sa f e t y, wit hou t co mp r omi s i n g mob i l it y
. S ub s t a nt i a l p r o gr e s s ha s b e e n ma de in s o me a r e a s in r e c e nt de c a de s
. F or e x a mp le , 1 0 0 p a ss e n ge r c a r s i n 2 0 03 ge ne r a ted l e ss p oll u t i o n t ha n a si ng l e c a r b a c k in 19 75

. B ut t he mo st e f

f e c t i v e s olut i o ns ne e d t o b e b r ought t o mar ke t f

a st e r , a nd th e C h a l lenge B ib e nd um is on e w a y of
a s s e ss ing a nd pub li c izing t ho se s o lut ion s.

20 00 : t he s e c ond C ha ll e n g e B ib e nd um i s h e l d in C ler m on t­F e r

r a n d, F r a nc e B e ginn i n g th e f o l lo wi n g ye a r , t he e ve nt b e c om e s a n nua l a nd mo r e int e r na t i o na l in s c op e
. 20 01 : B a se d i n C a li f or n ia, on t he W e st C oa st of t he Un it e d S t a t e s a nd i n c lud i n g wi t h a r a l l y

f r om Lo s Ang e le s , C a li f

. t o La s Ve g a s , Ne v
. 20 02 : R e tu r n i n g to E ur op e , s t a r ti ng in He i d e lb e r g , G e r ma ny a nd h e a d ing t o P a r is , b y w a y

of th e Eu r o p e a n P a r li a ment in S tra sb o ur g
. 20 03 : B a c k t o C a li f o r n i a , t his t i me i n th e S on oma V a ll e y a n d S a n F r a nc is c o. 20 04 : Ea st w a r d b oun d, mo r e p r e c i s e l y t o S ha ng h a i, C h ina

. 20 05 : O nc e more t o t he Ea st , t o J a p a n, with t he B i

b e n dum F o r u m & R a ll y, a n e ve nt d e ve lop e d f r o m t he C ha l l e n ge B ib e nd um
.18 20 06 : P a r is a g a in p l a y s h os t t o th e majo r mob i l it

y s t a ke ho l d e r s f or a n up da t e o n ne w a dv a nc e s t ow a r d s su st a inab le mo b il it y
. 20 07 : S c he d ule d to t a k e p lac e No v. 1 5

­ 17 in S h a ng ha i

.19 

## A p p e n d i x 1 

## C al c u l at i o n m et h o d o l o g y

Q u a n t if y in g t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n o f M ich e l i n g r e e n e n e r gy sa v i n g t ir e s t o f u e l s a v i n gs a n d lowe r C O 2 e m is s i o n s . T h e m e t hod olog y* a p p li e d ha s b e e n a pp r o ve d b y t h e T e c hnica l Au th or i t y f o r Aut omo b il e s, M ot or c yc le s a nd C y c l e s ( UT AC )

. T h e two f igu r e s t o b e d e t e r m ine d a r e :

­ T h e a mo unt of f ue l sa ve d si nc e th e mar ke t laun c h o f M i c he l in gr e e n e n e r g y s a vin g t ir e s in 19 92

.

­ T h e a mo un t of C O 2 no t r e le a se d int o th e a t mo sp h e r e ov e r th e sa m e p e r iod

. ÿ E s t i m a t in g t h e a m o u n t o f f u e l s a v e d a s o f O c t . 3 0 , 20 07 T h e f o r mu l a c on si st s of a gg r e ga ti ng t he f ue l s a vin gs de li v e r e d b y e a c h M i c he l in gr e e n e ne r g y s a v ing t i r e t hr oug ho ut it s li f e t i me. T he c a l c u l a t io n i n volv e s t hr e e s t e p s : A) Est i mat e t he f ue l s a ving s p e r 10 0 km t ha nks to M ich e l in gr e e n e ne r g y

s a ving t ir e s
. T h i s i s d e t e r mi ne d b y t he diff e r e nc e i n r o ll i n g r e si s ta nc e b e t w e e n M ic h e l i n g r e e n e ne r g y s a vin g t ir e s a n d th e mar ke t a v e r a ge o f c o nv e nt ion a l t ir e s on t he r oa d ( a s mea s ur e d b y G e r ma ny’ s T ÜV S ÜD A u t omo ti ve o n a r e p r e s e n ta ti ve m a r ke t sa m

p le of t ir e s, i n c lud i n g c onv e n ti on a l M ic h e l in ti r e s )

. T h e n , t he c o ns ump ti on g a in, p r o p o r

t iona l t o th e diff e r e nc e of r ol l i n g r e s is t a n c e f o r c e s , i s c a lc u la ted u si ng c o mm e r c ial l y a va i lab l e s i mu lat i o n s of tw a r e c om m on t o th e a u to mot ive ind us try.
B ) As s e s s th e dis t a n c e t r a ve l e d wi t h M ic he li n gr e e n e n e r g y s a ving t ir e s so l d b e t we e n 19 92 a nd O c tob e r 20 07

. T h e tot a l d i s t a nc e t r a ve led* c a n b e c a lc u lat e d b y m ult i p ly ing t h e a ve r a ge l if

e o f t he t ire s s old b y t he n u mb e r o f ve hi c l e s e q uip p e d w it h M iche l in gr e e n e n e r gy s a vin g ti r e s
. C ) C a lc u l a te th e a mo un t of f u e l s a v e d

. T h i s i s d e t e r m ine d b y mu lt i p lyi n g th e ga i n in c o ns u m p t ion p e r k i lo met e r o r mi le b y th e dis ta nc e tra v e le d

. ÿ T r a n sf o r m t h e f u e l s a v in g s i n t o C O 2 n o t r e le a s e d i n t o t h e a t m o sp h e r e T he e st im a t ion of C O 2 n ot r e le a se d int o th e a t mos p h e

r e is p r o p o r t ion a l t o t he a moun t of f ue l sa ve d. T he f or mu la us e d is t he f ol l o w ing : e a c h l i t e r of f ue l c o ns um e d r e sul t s in th e r e l e a se o f 2 .5 k g of C O 2 int o th e a t mo sp h e r e
.

* 45 , 0 00 k m , ba s e d o n ca lc u l a ti on s m a d e on a l l tir e s in th e r ep r ese n ta tiv e m a r k e t sa m p le.

ÿ M e a s u r in g t h e ga in s s e c o n d b y s e c o n d20 T h e se c on d­ b y ­ s e c ond ga in ( in t e r ms of f

ue l sa ve d a nd C O 2 no t r e le a s e d int o th e a tm o s p he r e ) i s c a l c u l a ted f r o m t he ga ins m e a su r e d be tw e e n O c t. 1 a nd O c t

. 30 , 20 07 , div i d e d b y 3 0 ( da ys) th e n b y 2 4 ( ho ur s), a nd las tl y b y 3 ,600 ( s e c ond s).
ÿ C a lcu la t io n va r i a b l e s T h e me t ho do l o gy is t he s a me f or c a r ti r e s a nd t r u c k t ire s, a lt h oug h c a l c ulat ions a r e ba se d
on t h e num b e r of v e hicl e s e q uipp e d w it h M iche li n gr e e n e ne r gy sa ving t ir e s f or c a r s a n d on th e nu mb e r of a x le s f it ted with M ic h e l i n gr e e n e ne r g y sa ving t ir e s f or t r uc k s. ÿ Ad d it i o n a l i n f o r m a t io n o n t h e c a l c u la t i o n s & d a t a Add i t iona l infor mat i o n on M ic he li n gr e e n e n e r gy sa ving t ir e s, in c l

u d ing mo r e in­de p t h i n f o r ma t i o n o n th e c a l c ulat ions a nd d a ta c a n b e f

ound o nli n e a t : ww w
. m ic he l i n ­ g r e e nme t e r .c o m
.21 

## A p p e n d i x 2: 

## M **obi l**  **ity c**  **h a**  **l l**  **e nges**  **of t**  **h e**  **f u**  **t u**  **r e** 
T o p r o m o t e a n d s u p p or t d is c u ss i o n s a b o u t s u s t a i n a b le m o b i li t y , M ich e li n , a lo n g w i t h o t h e r g lob a l c o m p a n ies f r o m t h e t r a n s p or t a t io n in d u st r y , t o o k p a r t i n t h e S u st a in a b le M o b il it y P r o j e c t or ga n i z e d b y t h e W o r ld B u s i n e s s C o u n c il f or S u st a in a b le De v e lop m e n t ( W B C S D) . T h e goa l wa s t o t a k e a n i n v e n t o r y o f m o b i l it y in it i a t ives a r o u n d t h e wo r ld , t o a n a ly z e t h e c h a ll e n g e s a h e a d a n d t o d e t e r m i n e f u t u r e o b j e c t ives t o m e e t t h o se c h a l len ge s.
A ke y dr i v e r o f e c on om ic a n d so c ial de v e lop me n t, r o a d t r a nsport o f p e o p l e a nd mer c ha ndis e ha s b e e n s t e a d il y inc r e a s i n g f o r de c a de s. T od a y , more t ha n 8 0 p e r c e nt of a ll tra ns p or t a t i o n of p e op le is on r oa ds

. B e t w e e n 1 95 0 a nd 200 3 , t h e to t a l n umb e r of r o a d v e hi c les w or ld wide inc r e a s e d f

r o m 50 mi l li o n to mo r e t ha n 83 0 mi l l ion. A c c or d ing t o W B C S D 9 e s ti ma tes, th i s f

igu r e w i l l do ub le b y 20 30 , w hi le d is t a n c e s t r a ve led to t r a ns p o r t p e op le a r e e x p e c t e d t o i n c r e a se b y n e a r ly 8 0 p e r c e nt b e t w e e n 1 995 a nd 20 20

. T his i n c r e a se in p e op le mo b il i t y wi l l b e p a r ti c u l a r ly dr a ma t i c in e m e r ging c oun tr ie s s uc h a s C h i n a a n d L a t in Ame r i c a n c ou nt r ies, w i t h c e r

t a i n s tu die s f or e c a s t i n g a v e r a g e a n nua l g r o w t h of 3 p e r c e nt for th e p e r iod 2 00 0

­ 203 0

. B e hind t he s e f i g ur e s , ho we v e r , a c c e s s t o m ob il i t y v a r ie s g r e a t l y f

r om o ne r e g i o n to a n ot he r
. Ac c or d ing to t he W B C S D, t he a ve r a ge a nnua l dis t a n c e t r a ve le d b y a n Ame r i c a n i n 2 00 0 w a s 1 2 t i mes gr e a t e r t ha n th a t tr a v e le d b y a n Af r i c a n
. M or e t h a n 7 5 p e r c e n t o f a l l mo to r ve h icle s a r e f oun d in de v e lop e d c oun t r ie s a nd a c c e s s t o mob il i t y r e ma i n s a p r o b le m f

o r t he d i s a d va n t a ge d, th e e ld e r ly a nd t he h a n dic a pp e d.
T h e i n c r e a se i n r oa d tra f f i c ha s c r e a ted ma jo r p r ob le m s f o r t oda y ’ s s oc i e ty in t hr e e a r e a s :

­ A si g n ific a n t r is e i n t h e n u m b e r o f r oa d a c c id e n t s , w h i c h r e su l t i n 5 0 mi l li o n in jur i e s a n d 1

. 2 mi ll ion d e a th s e v e r y y e a r
. O f t he t ot a l , mor e th a n 8 5 p e r c e nt a r e i n d e v e lop in g c ou nt r i e s w h e r e th e si t ua t ion is ge tt ing w or s e , w h il e it ha s s t a bil ize d i n d e v e lop e d c o un tri e s ( so ur c e : O r ga niz a ti on f or Ec on omi c C oo p e r a ti on a nd De v e lop me n t). I n d e v e lop i n g c ou nt r ies , r oa d
a c c ident v ic t i ms a r e ma i n l y p e d e s tria ns o r c yc li s t s, w

h i l e in i n dus t r ial ize d c ou nt r ie s mo st c a su a lt i e s a r e mo to r is t s
.

­ An in c r e a s e in t h e e n v ir o n m e n t a l im p a c t of p o ll u ta nt s a t t h e l o c a l l e ve l, su c h a s c a r b o n mon ox i d e , n i t r oge n ox i d e s a n d vo l a ti le o r ga n i c c o m p oun d s , a s we l l a s g r e e n hou se g a s se s s uc h a s C O 2 th a t c a u se glo ba l w a r m ing . Ac c o r d i n g to th e I n te r n a t iona l En e r gy Ag e n c y ( I E A) , t r a nsp or tat i o n a c c o unt s f or 26 p e r c e n t of a ll C O 2 e m is s ions

. An ot he r i ll us tra t ive f

igur e is t ha t t r a nsp or tat i o n a c c ou nt s f o r r o ugh ly 6 5 p e r c e n t of a l l o i l c on sum p t i o n in i n du st r ial ize d
c o un trie s
. T he I EA f or e c a s ts t ha t o i l c on su mp t i o n t o me e t tra nsp or t a t i o n ne e ds c ou l d d ou b le in th e ne x t 2 5 t o 30 y e a r s. La s t l y, a not he r a r e a of c on c e r n is r e du c ing n o is e leve ls , e s p e c iall y in urb a n a nd sub ur b a n a r e a s.

­ T r a f f ic f l o w s. Ac c or ding t o th e W or l d B a n k , more t ha n 50 p e r c e n t of th e glob a l p o pu l a t i o n will li ve i n u r b a n a r e a s b y 200 8 , c omp a r e d wit h l e ss t ha n 30 p e r c e nt in 1 9 50

. I

n d e v e lop i n g

9 Wo r ld B us i n e s s C o un c i l f or S us tainab le D eve lop m e n t , a Ge neva ­ b a s e d a s s oc iation o f

1 7 0 inte r nat i o na l cor p or at ion s com mi tt e d to s up p or tin g s us tain a

b le dev el o p me nt22 c o un trie s , th is r a p id ur ba n g r o w t h is n ot a l

w a y s s up por t e d b y infr a s truc tu r e im p r ov e m e nt s, le a ding t o c h r o ni c c o ng e s ti on o n r o a d a r t e r ie s
.