SF6 Electrical Equipment Manufacturers Threshold AnalysisU.S. OEMs (big five shown in red)Estimated MarketShare of SF6EquipmentManufacturing inU.S.2006 Emissions--LowerBound (Mt CO2 Eq)2006 Emissions--Average(Mt CO2 Eq)2006 Emissions--UpperBound (Mt CO2 Eq)ABB14% 45,591 113,978 193,762Areva14% 45,591 113,978 193,762HVB AE14% 45,591 113,978 193,762Mitsubishi14% 45,591 113,978 193,762Siemens14% 45,591 113,978 193,762AZZ CGIT 6% 19,539 48,848 83,041Cooper Power Systems 6% 19,539 48,848 83,041G & W Electric 6% 19,539 48,848 83,041Pennsylvania Breaker 6% 19,539 48,848 83,041S&C Electric 6% 19,539 48,848 83,041Total U.S. OEM Emissions 325,651 814,128 1,384,018Estimated Market Share of 5 largest U.S. OEMs 70%Total Number of U.S. OEMs 10Total SF6 Shipped by OEMs (lbs SF6) = 750,981Total SF6 Shipped by OEMs (Mt CO2 Eq SF6) = 8,141,281Lower Bound OEM Emissions Scenario (i.e., assuming 4 percent emission rate)Emission Threshold (Mt CO2 Eq) 1,000 10,000 25,000 100,000Number of Facilities above 10 10 5 0Percent of Facilities above 100.0% 100.0% 50.0% 0.0%Total Emissions of Facilities above 325,651 325,651 227,956 0Percent of Emissions above 100.0% 100.0% 70.0% 0.0%In this analysis the fugitive emissions of U.S. SF6 electrical equipment manufacturers are compared to four emission thresholds(1 000, 10 000, 25 000, and 100000 Mt CO2 Eq). U.S. SF6 electrical equipment manufacturers are referred to as OEMs for the remainder of this analysis. Thisanalysis is conducted at thecompany-level. We have determined that five OEMs are responsible for about 70% of the U.S. market share of gas-insulated electrical equipment. Therefore,the total amount of SF6 consumed in the U.S. is distributed proportionally among companies' estimated market share of gas-insulated equipment. We havepresented the analysis using three scenarios for fugitive emissions, a low, average, and high emission scenario which assume 4percent, 10 percent, and 17percent OEM emission rates, respectively. Please see the 'Notes' tab for a list of methodology assumptions.Average OEM Emissions Scenario (i.e., assuming 10 percent emission rate)Emission Threshold (Mt CO2 Eq) 1,000 10,000 25,000 100,000Number of Facilities above 10 10 10 5Percent of Facilities above 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 50.0%Total Emissions of Facilities above 814,128 814,128 814,128 569,890Percent of Emissions above 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 70.0%Upper Bound OEM Emissions Scenario (i.e., assuming 17 percent emission rate)Emission Threshold (Mt CO2 Eq) 1,000 10,000 25,000 100,000Number of Facilities above 10 10 10 5Percent of Facilities above 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 50.0%Total Emissions of Facilities above 1,384,018 1,384,018 1,384,018 968,812Percent of Emissions above 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 70.0%Conversion Type Conversion Factor Units Commentspounds to short tons 0.0005 short ton/lbshort tons to metric tons 0.90718474 metric ton/short tonSF6 SAR GWP 23,900 SF6/CO2Kg to Mt 0.001 Mt/KgOEM Emission Rate (Upper Bound) 4% percentO’Connell, P., F. Heil, J. Henriot, G. Mauthe, H. Morrison, L. Neimeyer, M. Pittroff, R.Probst, J.P. Tailebois (2002)SFB6Bin the Electric Industry, Status 2000,Cigre. February2002.OEM Emission Rate (Average) 10% percentEPA, 2008. Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissiona and Sinks: 1990 to 2006OEM Emission Rate (Lower Bound) 17% percentO’Connell, P., F. Heil, J. Henriot, G. Mauthe, H. Morrison, L. Neimeyer, M. Pittroff, R.Probst, J.P. Tailebois (2002)SFB6Bin the Electric Industry, Status 2000,Cigre. February2002.Notes:1. The number of U.S. OEM's was determined by: (1) analyzing the Goulden Reports' 2003 list of leading global manufacturers ofhigh-voltage switchgear(Goulden Reports. 2002. The World Market for High Voltage Switchgear. London. Sample availableat:http://www.gouldenreports.org/docs/20050101_World_Switchgear_sam.pdf) , (2) reviewing the list of hosts for the Circuit Breaker Test & MaintenanceTraining Conferences as shown inTransmission & Distribution World(industry publication available at:http://tdworld.com/circuit_breaker_conference/factory_tour/finepoint-factory-day-tour/), and (3) reviewing two phone conversations with Phil Bolin. (Bolin, P.2007. Informational interview conducted with ICF on 12.4.2007; and Bolin, P. 2008. Informational interview conducted with ICFon 05/15/2008).Internet searches for the locations of global OEM manufacturing facilities were performed for confirmation purposes. The results were congruous with theinformation gathered from our sources.2. We assume that the total amount of SF6 shipped by U.S. OEMs in 2006 is equal to the nameplate capacity of new electrical equipment of U.S. electricalutilities in 2006. For this assumption to be valid U.S. imports of SF6 electrical equipment should approximately equal exportsof new electrical equipment,which remains to be confirmed. However, given the lack of data on total production of SF6 equipment in the U.S., the new nameplate capacity of U.S. utilitieswas used as a surrogate for U.S. equipment production.3. Cooper Power Systems, G & W Electric, and S&C Electric specialize in the manufacturing of distrubution equipment. While each company has someproducts that use SF6 gas, many of their products do not since distribution equipment tends to have much lower voltages than transmission equipment. Also,their products that do use SF6 tend to use much less than high-voltage circuit breakers do (this might not be as influential totheir emissions relative to highvoltage circuit breaker manufactuers since since high-voltage circuit breakers only receive a nominal charge in the factory while the low-pressure distributionequipment is usually filled at the factory). Because we are unsure about their production levels of gas-insulated equipment relative to their other products, wedispersed SF6 emissions evenly among these companies. However, it is possible that they actually use very little SF6 and therefore do not fall above thethresholds considered in this analysis.