p. 1 

# PICK-UPDATE : 3/15/200 7 BO X O F 

# 30 Ste p 2 : FO R ASR C INTERNA L US E ONL Y 

### (PARTB o

f B )



# EP ADOCKE TID : 102RQ-R N
1 ) 102RQ-RN-5-1 6 3 ) 102RQ-RN-5-1 8 5 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 0 7 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 2 9 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 4 11 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 6 13 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 8 15 ) 102RQ-RN-5-3 0 17 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 1 19 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 3 21 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 5 23 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 7 25 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 9 27 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 1 29 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 3 31 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 5 33 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 7 35 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 9 37 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 1 39 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 3 Ste p 3 : FOR ASR C INTERNA L US E ONL Y 

### CD : OA : / 

# 2 ) 102RQ-RN-5-1 7 4 ) 102RQ-RN-5-1 9 6 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 1 8 ) 102RQ-RN-5-2 3 10 ) 102RQZRN-5-2 5 12 ) 402RQ-RN-5^27 ^ 14) 102RQ-RN-5-2 9 16 ) 102RQ-RN-5-3 2 18 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 2 20 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 4 22 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 6 24 ) 102RQ-RN-6- 8 26 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 0 28 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 2 30 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 4 32 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 6 34 ) 102RQ-RN-6-1 8 36 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 0 38 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 2 40 ) 102RQ-RN-6-2 4

Ste p 1 : FO R ASR

C INTERNA L US E ONL Y Ar e ther e more documents fo r thi s Docke t i n anothe r box ? *YE S / N O *Fil l ou t Continuatio n Shee t an d go t o Ste p 2
Interna l SFUN D Bo

xNumbe r _3 6 O F _28 3 Initials/Date : LD S / 3-15-2007

_P. 2 

# |0*Kfl~rtiV-5-<?7- "

GCA-TR-83-56- G Prepare d fo r U.S . ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO

N AGENC

Y Environmenta l Standard s Branc h Criteri aan d Standard s Divisio n Offic e o f

Radiatio n Program s Washington , D

C 2046 0

EP A Projec tOfficer s Jame s M

. Hardi n Thoma s Reave y

Contrac tNo . 68-02-316 8 Assignmen tNo . 89-(3 )

SURVE Y O F FIV E UTILIT Y BOILER

S FO R RADIONUCLID

E EMISSION S Fina l Repor t

Decembe r198 3

Prepare db

y Dougla s R . Roec k Michae l 0 . Whit e Andre a M . Kiddi e Charle s W . Youn g

GC A CORPORATION GCA/TECHNOLOG YDIVISIO N Bedford , Massachusett s 

# iP. 3



### DISCLAIME

R

Thi s Fina l Repor twa s furnishe d t o th e Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y b y ttBa e GC A Corporation , GCA/Technolog y Division , Bedford , Massachusett s 01730 , i n fiolfillmento f

Contrac tNo . 68-02-3168 , Assignmen tNo . 89-(3) . The opinions , findings , an d conclusion s expresse d ar e thos e o f th e author s an d no t necessaril y thos e o f th e Environmenta l Protectio n Agenc y o rth e cooperatin g agencies . Mentio n o f compan y o rproduc tname s i s no tt o b e considere d a s a n endorsemen tb y th e Environmenta l Protectio n Agency .

1 1 

# IP. 4



### CONTENT S
Figure s v Table s v i Acknowledgment s vii i 1 . Summar

y 1 2 . Introductio

n4 3 . Sampl e Collectio nan dAnalysi s 7 Overvie w 7 Samplin g Procedure s 9 Procedure s fo

r Sampl e Dispatchin g 1 1 Complet e Samplin

g Program

s 1 2 Abbreviate

dSamplin

g Program

s 1 2 4 . Sit e M- l 1 4

Plan t Descriptio

n1 4 Sample s Collecte

d1 4 Result s 1 7 5 . Sit e M-1 5 2 4

Plan t Descriptio

n. . 2 4 Sample s Collecte

d2 4 Result s 2 7 6 . Sit e M-3 3 3 4

Plan t Descriptio

n3 4 Sample s Collecte

d3 4 Result s 3 7 7 . Sit e M-3 4 4 4

Plan t Descriptio

n4 4 Sample s Collecte

d4 4 Result s 4 7 8 . Sit e M-9 9 5 5

Plan t Descriptio

n5 5 Sample s Collecte

d5 5 Result s 5 8 9 . Discussio

no f Result s 6 5 Reference s 7 3 Appendice s A . Appl e II I Outpu t an dSampl e Result s Correcte d fo r Blan k Radio activity , Sit e M- l 7 4 B . Appl e II I Outpu t an dSampl e Result s Correcte d fo r Blan k Radio activity , Sit e M-1 5 8 4

mP. 5

CONTENT S (continued )

C . Appl e II I Outpu t andSampl e Result s Correcte dfor Blank Radio activity , Sit e M-3 3 9 4 D . Appl e II I Outpu t andSampl e Result s Correcte dfor Blank Radio activity , Sit e M-3 4 10 4 E . Appl e II I Outpu t andSampl e Result s Correcte dfor Blank Radio activity , Sit e M-9 9 11 4 F . Dat a Summary

fo r Fiv e Plant s Wher e Gra bSamplin g (Only ) wa s Conducte d12 3 G . Summary

o f Radioassa y

result s for Tw o Fluidize dBe dBoiler s - The Georgetow

nUniversit y

FB B an

dthe Exxo nMiniplan t 12 6

i vP. 6



### FIGURE S

Numbe r Pag e 1 Plan t flo

wdiagram , Sit e M- l 1 5 2 Radionuclid e an d as h distributio n summary , Sit e M- l 2 2 3 Plan t flowdiagram , Sit e M-1 5 2 5 4 Radionuclid e an d as h distributio n summary , Sit e M-1 5 3 2 5 Plan t flowdiagram , Sit e M-3 3 3 5 6 Radionuclid e an d as h distributio n summary , Sit e M-3 3 4 2 7 Plan t flowdiagram , Sit e M-3 4 4 5 8 Radionuclide an dashdistributio

nsummary , Sit e M-3 4 5 3 9 Plan t flowdiagram , Sit e M-9 9 5 6 1 0 Radionuclid e an d as h distributio n summary , Sit e M-9 9 6 4P. 7

TABLE S

Numbe r Pag e
1 Summary

o f Radionuclid e Emission s t o Ai r fro m Fiv e Coal-Fire d Electri c Generatin g Stations . ...... . 2
2 Summary

o f Samplin g Conducte da t Site s wher e Complet e Program

wa s Implemente d8
3 Samplin g Dat a Summary 1 3
4 Desig nCharacteristics , Sit e M- l 1 6
5 Distributio no f As hParticulate, Sit e M- l 1 8
6 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nAsh , Sit e M- l 1 9
7 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nStac k Fl y Ash , Sit e M- l .. . 2 0
8 Closure Dat a for Radionuclid e Balances , Sit e M- l 2 1
9 Desig nCharacteristics , Sit e M-1 5 . 2 6
1 0 Distributio no f As hParticulate , Sit e M-1 5 2 8
1 1 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nAsh , Sit e M-1 5 2 9
1 2 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nStac k Fl y Ash , Sit e M-1 5 .. . 3 0
1 3 Closur e Dat a fo r Radionuclid e Balances , Sit e M-1 5 3 1
1 4 Desig nCharacteristics , Sit e M-3 3 3 6
1 5 Distributio no f As hParticulate , Sit e M-3 3 3 8
1 6 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nAsh , Sit e M-3 3 3 9
1 7 Distributio no f Radionuclide s inStac k Fl y Ash , Sit e M-3 3 .. . 4 0
1 8 Closur e Dat a for Radionuclid e Balances , Sit e M-3 3 4 1
1 9 Desig nCharacteristics , Sit e M-3 4 4 6

v iP. 8

TABLE S (continued )

Numbe rpag e
2 0 Distributio no f As hParticulate , Sit e M-3 4 4 8
2 1 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nAsh , Sit e M-3 4 5 0
2 2 Distributio no f Radionuclides.i nStac k Fl y Ash , Sit e M-3 4 .. . 5 1
2 3 Closur e Dat a for Radionuclid e Balances , Sit e M-3 4 5 2
2 4 Desig nCharacteristics , Sit e M-9 9 5 7
2 5 Distributio no f As hParticulate , Sit e M-9 9 5 9
2 6 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nAsh , Sit e M-9 9 6 0
2 7 Distributio no f Radionuclide s i nStac k Fl y Ash , Sit e M-9 9 .. . 6 1
2 8 Closur e Dat a fo r Radionuclid e Balances , Sit e M-9 9 6 2
2 9 Radionuclid e Stac k Emission s for al l Plant s a s a Functio no f

Coa l Inpu t 6 6 3 0 Summar

y o f Estimate d Annua l Radionuclid e Stac kEmissio n Rate s fo rFiv e Plant s 6 7 3 1 Impinge rSamplin g Result s fo rFiv e Plant s 6 9 3 2 Reporte d Coa l Activitie s fo rNin e Samplin g Site s 7 1

v nP. 9

ACKNOWLEDGMENT S

Th e author s expres s thei r appreciatio nt o severa l ke y peopl e a t EPA' s Offic e o f Radiatio nProgram s wh o provide dvaluabl e guidanc e an dassistanc e i n th e preparatio no f thi s report . They includ e the Projec t Officer , Mr . Jame s Hardi nan

dou r technica l contact , Mr . Thoma s Reavey . We als o extendou r appreciatio nto Mr . Charle s Amat o wh o wa s responsibl e for projec t directio nat . EP A durin g conductanc e o f the samplin g progra m an dt o Mr . Samue l Windha m o f EPA' s Easter nEnvironmenta l Researc hFacilit y i nMontgomery , Alabama , wh o helpe di nradioassa y dat a interpretation . We als o acknowledg e the exhaustiv e effort s o f ou r Environmenta l Measurement s Departmen t personne l (Howar dSchiff , Richar dGraziano , Mark McCabe , an dJohnFitzgerald ) wh o gaine dacces s t o the variou s plants , conducte dthe pretes t surveys , an dcarrie dou t the overal l samplin g program . We ar e als o gratefu l for the diligen t assistanc e provide d b y the staf f o f ou r Technica l Publication s Department .

Vll lP.1 0

SECTIO N 1 SUMMAR Y



### Thi s repor tpresent s th e result s o f a n in-dept h samplin g progra m fo r radionuclide s conducte d b y GC A i n mid-198 1 a tte n coal-fire d electri cutilit y generatin g stations . Thi s progra m assiste d EPA' s Offic e o f Radiatio n Program s (ORP ) i n developin g standard s fo rradionuclide s followin g thei rlistin g a s hazardou s ai rpollutant s unde rSectio n 11 2 o f th e Clea n Ai rAc t(FR44 , p . 76738 , Novembe r8 , 1979). ! Extensiv e samplin g o f flu e ga s emission s an d othe rwast e an d proces s stream s wa s performe d a tfiv e coal-fire d powe rplants . Thes e plant s represente d th e followin g variables :

• larg e an d smal l unit s (5 6 t o 87 4 MW) ,

• pulverize d coal , travelin g grat e stoker , an d cyclon e furnac e designs ,

• subbituminou s an d lignit e coal , and

• avariet y o f

particulat e contro l device s includin g mechanica l collectors , we tscrubbers , an d electrostati cprecipitators . Abbreviate d samplin g program s wer e conducte d a tfiv e additiona l facilitie s fo r comparativ e purposes . Gra b sample s o f

soli d an d liqui d wast e an d proces s stream s wer e collecte d bu tther e wa s n o testin g o f flu e ga s emissions . I ti s importan tt o not e tha tthi s samplin g progra m wa s aresearc h effor tan d procedure s tha twoul d b e followe d i n acomplianc e investigatio n wer e no t alway s followed . Fo rthos e plant s wher e extensiv e samplin g wa s conducted , th e concentration s o f

fiv e radionuclide s i n th e uraniu m deca y serie s (uranium-238 , thorium-230 , radium-226 , lead-210 , an d polonium-210 ) an d thorium-23 2 wer e measured . Result s ar e show n i n Tabl e 1 . Percentag e closure s an d enrichmen t factor s wer e compute d fo reac h radionuclid e a teac h facilit y a s afunctio n o f bot h measure d an d calculate d plan tparameters . Closur e i s define d a s th e rati o o f

materia l detecte d i n th e variou s plan teffluen tstream s t o th e amoun t measure d i n al l inpu tstreams . I n mos tcases , percen tclosure s les s tha n 10 0 percen twer e obtaine d implyin g tha tno tal l materia l wa s accounte d fo ri n th e plan teffluen t(du e t o samplin g o ranalytica l errors ) o rtha tmeasure d coa l activitie s wer e to o high . Enrichmen tfactor s refe rt o th e rati o o f th e tota l radionuclid e concentratio n i n th e stac kfl y as h strea m t o th e radionuclid e concentratio n i n th e coa l ash . Value s greate rtha n unit y indicat e tha tth e radionuclid e i s enriche d i n th e fl y as h emitte d t o atmosphere . 1N > 

### TABL E 1
. SUMMAR Y O F RADIONUCLID E EMISSION S T O AI R FRO M FIV E COAL-FIRE D ELECTRI C GENERATIN

G STATION S

M-9 9 Station

M- l

M-1 5

M-3 3

M-3 4 Coa l

Fee d rate , (shor t ton/hr )

34 0

3 4

43 3

64 6 As h

conten t (percent )

24. 2

9. 1

15. 1

23. 1 Estimate d

particulat e remova l efficienc y (percent )

97.9 9

99. 5

97.1 6

99.9 7 Stac k

Emission rat e (g/hr )

5. 6 x10 5

7. 2 xIO 3

5. 7 xIO 5

2. 8 x10 * fl y

as h
Percen t o f emission s < 1 u m (percent )

7 9

2 7

2

1 5 Estimate d annua l radionuclid e stac k emissio nrate , mCi/yr 8 (percen t o f tota l radionuclid e Inpu t fro m U-23 8

12 0 (2.9 )

2. 3 (6.5 )

1 4 (0.5 )

1. 3 (<0.1 ) Ra-22 6

6 3 (1.5 )

0. 5 (1.3 )

1 3 (0.5 )

2. 9 (<0.1 ) Po-21 0

100 0 (24 )

0. 6 (1.6 )

2 2 (0.9 )

2. 9 (<0.1 ) Pb-21 0

34 0 (8.3 )

N C

3 0 (1.2 )

2 4 (0.4 ) Th-23 0

1 7 (0.5) -

0. 3 (1.0 )

1 2 (0.5 )

1. 2 (<0.1 ) coal )

Th-23 2

8. 5 (1.8 )

0. 1 (0.4 )

8 (0.3 )

1. 1 (<0.1 )

4 9 9. 0 98.7 5 2. 0 x 10 * 

### 17 0.0 6 0. 1 2. 8 (<0.1 ) (0.2 ) (1.5 )

"Calculate d b

yassumin

g th e plan t operate s 5,69 4 hr/y r (6 5 percen t loa d factor)
. N C - No t Counted
. N C 0.0 6 0.0 6 ; (<0.1 ) (<0.1 ) |P.1 2



### Mos to f th e radionuclide s ente reac h plan ti n th e coa l excep tfo r Sit e M- l (whic h employe d alimeston e scrubbe rfo rS0 X

### control ) wher e limeston e accounte d fo rabou t1 0 percen to f tota l radionuclid e input . I n general , th e larges tamount s o f radionuclide s detecte d i n th e plan teffluen t wer e foun d i n th e hoppe ras h fro m th e firs tparticulat e collecto rafte rth e boiler . Emission s o f

th e variou s radionuclide s wer e generall y quit e smal l an d wit h fe wexception s wer e les s tha n 3 percen to f tota l inpu tfro m coal . The mos tnotabl e exceptio n wa s stac kemission s o f poloniu m a tSit e M- l whic h wer e 17 5 uCi/h ran d represente d 2 4 percen to f tota l poloniu m inpu tfro m th e coal . Th e onl y othe rexception s wer e lea d emission s a tSit e M- l (6 0 uCi/h ran d 8. 3 percen to f

tota l input ) an d uraniu m emission s a tSit e M-1 5 (0. 4 uCi/h ran d 6. 5 percen to f

tota l input) . Fo ral l si x radionuclides , stac kemission s wer e highes tfo rSit e M- l followe d b y Sit e M-33 . Thes e latte rtw o site s als o ha d th e lowes toveral l particulat e remova l efficiencie s o f th e fiv e plants . Additiona l factor s contributin g t o th e relativel y hig h emission s a tSit e M- l were : highes tcoa l activit y fo ral l measure d radionuclides , highes tas h conten tcoal , an d highes tpercen to f stac kparticulat e emission s les s tha n 1 u m i n diameter . Poloniu m an d lea d consistentl y showe d th e highes tlevel s o f atmospheri cemission s and , thus , thei rcalculate d enrichmen tfactor s wer e muc h highe rtha n thos e fo rth e othe rfou rradionuclides . I n general , however , enrichmen tfactor s wer e quit e variabl e an d highl y site-specific . Ther e i s fir m evidenc e tha tonl y ver y smal l amount s o f radionuclides , i f any , ar e release d t o th e ai ri n th e gaseou s state . Result s o f specifi c samplin g performe d t o tes tth e hypothesi s tha tsom e radionuclides , particularl y polonium-21 0 an d lead-210 , migh tb e i n th e gaseou s stat e i n stac k gase s release d t o th e air , showe d negligibl e ga s phas e radionuclid e emissions . Radionuclid e stac kemission s wer e associate d wit h th e smal l particl e fractio n (< 1 u

m i n diameter ) i n almos tever y cas e studie d regardles s o f tha t fraction' s percentag e o f th e tota l fl y as h collected . Uranium , polonium , an d thorium-23 2 wer e mos texemplar y o f thi s phenomenon . Th e result s ca n b e judge d o n th e basi s o f percen tclosure s fo reac h radionuclide . Lo

wpercen tclosure s indicat e samplin g o ranalytica l errors , inaccurat e assumption s concernin g plan tparameters , o rinnaccurat e measurement s o f

radionuclid e concentration s i n coal . Closur e i s sensitiv e t o error s i n th e radionuclid e analyse s o f coa l sample s sinc e coa l account s fo r essentiall y al l o f

th e radionuclid e inpu ta teac h plant . Coa l analyse s fo r tw o o f th e site s (M-1 5 an d M-99 ) wer e quit e variabl e and thu s th e result s fo r thes e plant s ar e uncertain . I n general , lea d measurement s wer e quit e variabl e apparentl y becaus e o f th e difficult y wit h th e analytica l chemica l procedure . Radionuclid e emission s fro m thos e coal-fire d powe rplant s investigate d fo rthi s repor tar e lo wcompare d t o radionuclid e inpu tt o th e plan twithi n th e coa l an d ar e dependen tupo n th e typ e o f coa l an d th e overal l particulat e remova l efficienc y o f th e plant .P.1 3

SEOT0S1S J 2 INTRQaBCCTTO

N

Th e Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y Liisste d radionuclide s a s a hazardou s ai r pollutan t onNovembe r 8 , 197 9 (44 * ERS . 76:73.8) 1 unde r the provision s o f Sectio n11 2 o f the Clea nAi r Act . I naup^ioc- t o f standard s development , the Agenc y i s assessin g the publi c healt himpact - o f radionuclid e emission s fro m a variet y

o f emissio nsourc e categories , includin g coal-fire dpowe r plants . Larg e emission s o f radionuclide s fro m coal-fire d boiler s ar e no t expecte d becaus e th e amoun t o f radionuclide s potentiall y emitte di s limite db y the naturall y

occurrin g level s o f uraniu m an dthoriu

m i nthe coal . T o experimentall y

measur e th e amoun t o f radionuclide s emitte dfro m coal-fire d boiler s an

dt o determine ho w radionuclide s mov e throughthe proces s stream s o f the typica l coal-fire dboiler , GCA conducted - a nextensive researc hemissio n testin g program

for EP A

i n198 1 a t five coal-fire delectri c utilit y plants :
L a Cygn e Station , L a Cygne , Kansa s (Sit e M-l ) Lewi s an

dClar k Station , Sidney , Montan a (Sit e M-15 ) Bi g Brow

nStation , Fairfield , Texa s (Sit e M-33 ) Monticell o Station , Mt . Pleasant , Texa s (Sit e M-34 )
R . M . Hesket t Station , Mandan , Nort hDakot a (Sit e M-99) . The boile r design s represente da t thes e facilitie s include dpulverize dcoal , dry bottom

(Site s M-15 , M-33 , an dM-34) , cyclone (Sit e M-l) , an dtravelin g grat e stoke r (Sit e M-99) , whil e coa l type s burne dinclude dsubbituminou s (Sit e M-l ) an

dlignit e (al l others) . Th e tes t program s wer e designe dt o measur e radionuclid e concentration s i n al l majo r proces s stream s associate dwit hthes e five plants . Th e resultin g dat a ar e use di ncombinatio nwit hplan t operatin g dat a (nomina l an dmeasured) - t o conduc t a radionuclid e mas s balance fo r eac hfacility . The accurac y o f thes e balance s (i nterm s o f tota l activit y measure di nal l effluen t stream s versu s tota l incomin g activity ) i s importan t i nassessin g radionuclid e emissio nmeasurements . Emissio ntestin g wa s conducte da t contro l devic e inle t an doutle t location s (whereve r feasible ) usin g the Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g System (SAS S train) , th e Anderse nHighCapacit y Samplin g Syste

m (HCS S train) , andthe EP A Metho d5 train . Emissio nsampl e aliquot s wer e shippe dalon g wit hsample sP.1 4

collecte dfro

m soli dan

dliqui dstream s t o the EPA' s radiologica l tes t facilitie s inMontgomery , Alabama an dLa s Vegas , Nevada . Sampl e aliquot s wer e als o shippe dt o GCA fo r measuremen t o f fly as hweights . Soli dsample s suc ha s coal , limestone , an dhoppe r as hwer e shippe dt o Gilber t Associates , Inc. , Reading , Pennsylvania , fo r furthe r analysi s (elemental , proximate , an d ultimate) . The ful l detail s o f the samplin g progra m ar e outline di nSectio n3 . Our engineerin g evaluatio no f th e radionuclid e emissio ndat a i s presente d i nSection s 4 throug h8 fo r eac ho f the five plants , wit hanoveral l discussio nprovide di nSectio n9 . We provid e a descriptio no f plan t operatin g condition s an

ddiscus s th e metho do f calculatin g emissio nrate s an dconductin g overal l plan t radionuclid e mas s balances . Th e result s o f thes e calculation s ar e presente di neac hsectio nan dthe influenc e o f mas s balanc e closur e o n emissio nestimat e accurac y i s described . Supportin g dat a fo r eac ho f the fiv e plant s ar e presente di nAppendice s A throug hE .
T o provid e backu pdat a for the curren t evaluation , variou s soli dan d liqui d stream

sample s wer e als o collecte dfro m the followin g facilities : Nucl a Station , Nucla , Colorad o (Sit e M-4 ) Harringto nStation , Amarillo , Texa s (Sit e M-16 )
Shawne e Station , Paducah , Kentucky (Sit e M-l8 )
Brunne r Islan

dStation , Yor k Haven , Pennsylvani a (Sit e M-19 )
Coa l Cree k Station , Underwood , Nort hDakot a (Sit e M-98 ) Analytica l dat a for thes e plant s ar e presente di nAppendi xF . T o provid e furthe r comparativ e dat a o nthe influenc e o f boile r desig no n radionuclide emissions , w e presen t i nAppendi xGa summary o f radioassa y testin g whic hGC A conducte dunde r EP A sponsorshi pa t the Georgetow nUniversit y fluidized-be dboile r anda t the Exxo nMiniplant . The Georgetow nuni t i s a

n industria l siz e boile r whic hoperate s a t atmospheri c pressur e an dth e Exxo n miniplan t i s a bench-scal e pressurize dunit . Sinc e radionuclide s ar e no t distribute dequall y betwee nbottom

as han

d fl y ash , enrichmen t factor s wer e determine dfor eac hradionuclid e a t eac h facility . Th e enrichmen t facto r i s define da s the rati o o f the concentratio n o f the radionuclide i nfl y as ht o it s concentratio ni ncoa l as h(tota l ash) . Th e concentratio ni ncoa l as hi s obtaine db y dividin g the measure d radionuclide concentratio ni nthe coa l (pCi/g ) by the fractiona l as hconten t o f the coal . Mas s balance s hav e bee ndetermine dfo r eac hplan t for five radionuclide s i nth e uraniu

m deca y serie s (uranium-238 , thorium-230 , radium-226 , lead-210 , an d polonium-210 ) andfo r thorium-232 . Half-live s for eac ho f thes e radionuclide s ar e a s follows: 2U-23 8 - - 4. 5 x10 9 year s Th-23 0 —

7. 7 x10 4 year s Ra-22 6 —

1. 6 x10 3 year s Pb-21 0 —

22. 3 year s Po-21 0 —

13 8 day s Th-23 2 —

1. 4 x101 0 year s Sinc e eac ho f th

e deca y

product s i nthe uraniu m serie s ha s a half-lif e significantl y

les s thanth

e parent , secula r equilibriu m i s assume dt o exis t an dfor an

y sample s o f coa l an dlimeston e wher e on e o f th e daughter s wa s no t counted , it s activit y wa s assume dequa l t o tha t measure dfor uranium . Du e t o the extremel y

shor t half-lif e fo r polonium , correction s wer e made t o th e reporte dactivit y dat a t o accoun t fo r the tim e betwee ndat e o f samplin g an d date o f radionuclide countin g (poloniu m separation). 3 First , a nadjustmen t wa s mad e t o accoun t for th e amoun t o f poloniu m ingrow

nfro m lead , an

dsecond , the poloniu

m activit y

wa s adjuste dback t o it s activit y o nthe da

y o f sampling . Othe r correction s were made t o adjus t coa l activit y for th e as-receive d coa l moistur e conten t an dt o correc t an

y fl y as hsample s reporte da s pCi/sampl e back t o th e origina l sampl e weight . I na fe w cases , seale dfl y as h sampl e package s came apar t durin g shipmen t andha dt o b e reweighe dby th e EP A laboratory . I nthes e cases , the ne w sampl e weigh t wa s use dt o determin e th e activit y

concentratio ni npCi/ g bu t th e origina l sampl e weigh t wa s retaine d for calculatio no f th e appropriat e mas s flo w rate . T o manipulate the larg e volum e o f dat a for the five plants , a nAppl e II I microcompute r system togethe r wit hVisiCal c II I softwar e wa s used . Tw o majo r reason s for usin g th e Appl e Ill/VisiCal c program ar e t o ensure a hig hleve l o f qualit y

contro l wit hrespec t t o the numerous , repetetiv e calculation s an dt o allo w fo r instan t recalculatio no f result s whe nan y o f severa l inpu t variable s ar e changed . Sinc e the dat a ar e permanentl y store dona diskette , furthe r change s i nth e program a s ma y

b e requeste db

y EPA , ca nb e easil y accommodated .SECTION 3
SAMPL E COLLECTION AND ANALYSI S P.1 6

OVERVIE W Multimedi a sample s were collecte dfro m tencoal-fire dstea m generator s fo r radionuclide analyses . A t five sites , a ver y intensiv e progra m wa s performe dincluding ; flu e ga s testing , proces s monitorin g andinfluen t an d effluen t sampling . Samplin g a t the remainin g site s wa s intentionall y brie f t o provid e backu pinformatio nan donl y consiste do f grabsamplin g for coa l an d fl y ash . The extensiv e samplin g progra m wa s conducte da t Site s M-l , M-15 , M-33 , M-34 , andM-99 , whil e abbreviate dsamplin g wa s carrie dou t a t Site s M-4 , M-16 , M-18 , M-19 , an dM-98 . Tabl e 2 provide s a summar y o f the type s o f samples , the collectio nmethod , an danalyse s performe dfor th e fiv e site s wher e the extensive program wa s performed . Th e site s wer e selecte dbase dupo nthe followin g criteria : Utilit y

willingness , Previousl y

sample dstation , Capacit y

>10 0 MW , Dedicate dcoa l supply , Bas e loa duni t perferred , Dedicate dstack ; avoi dspli t ducts , Al l rank s o f coa l (excep t anthracite ) t o b e represented , Particulate contro l device s limite dt o ESP s an dfabri c filters , Al l type s o f S0 Xscrubber s t o b e represented , Al l form s o f fue l fee dan dbeddin g t o b e represented , Mature uni t i f possible , and Conventiona l designs .P.1 7

TABL E 2 . SUMMAR

Y O F SAMPLIN G CONDUCTE D A T SITE S WHER E COMPLET E PROGRA

M WAS IMPLEMENTE D

Sampl e typ e Collectio nmetho d Analyse s performe d

Coa l

Botto m As h
Makeu pWater s Hoppe r As h
Scrubbe r Reactant s Filter s Thimble s Impinge r Solution s Gra bComposite 8

Gra bComposit e
Gra bComposit e
Gra bComposit e
Gra bComposit e SASS/Metho d5
HCS S SASS/HCS S Radionuclide , Proximate, bUltimate 0 Mes hSize , Elemental* * Radionuclide , Elementa l Radionuclid e Radionuclide , Elementa l Radionuclide , Elementa l Gravimetric , Radionuclid e Gravimetric , Radionuclid e Radionuclid e

a Gra bcomposit e refer s t o hourl y gra bsample s tha t ar e composite da t the en do f the tes t period . bproximat e analysis : tota l moisture , volatil e matter , fixe dcarbon , an d as hcontent .

c Ultimat e analysis : heatin g value , sulfur , carbon , hydrogen , nitrogen , an d oxyge ncontent . ^Elementa l analysis : aluminum , calcium , iron , magnesium , phosphorous , potassium , silicon , sodium , sulfur , an dtitanium .I t wa s originall y intende d tha t samplin g site s b e chose nfro m a lis t supplie d b y EP A tha t represente dal l o f the abov e criteria . Additiona l progra m requirement s calle dfo r completio no f samplin g effort s a t eac huni t i na singl e da y

and , Wher e possible , samplin g a t contro l device inle t an doutle t location s simultaneousl y wit hcollectio no f soli dgrabsamples . Durin g th e initia l plan t contactin g phas e o f the program , i t becam e eviden t tha t many site s di dno t wis ht o participat e i nthe researc hprogra m an dultimately , sit e selectio nwa s mostl y base do nwillingnes s o f the utilit y t o allow

acces s t o the facility . Thus , th e type s o f source s include di nthe progra m d o no t necessaril y

represen t a reasonabl e cross-sectio no f the coal-fire dutilit y industry .
SAMPLINGPROCEDURE S
Stac k Samplin g Whereve r possible , flu e ga s samplin g wa s conducte da t th e inle t and outle t o f an

y pollutio ncontro l device . The purpos e o f the flu e ga s testin g wa s t o provid e siz e fractionate dparticulat e an dcondensat e for radionuclid e analyses . Samplin g wa s conducte dusin g the Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g System (SASS) , th e Anderse nHig hCapacit y Samplin g Syste

m (HCSS) , an

dthe EP A Metho d5 train . Eac ho f thes e train s i s describe dbriefl y below . Sampl e volume s require dt o b e collecte dwer e calculate db y the EP A

Tas k Office r base d o ninformatio nprovide db y GC A fro m th e pretes t sit e visit . Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g System — The SAS S trai nfeature s a heate d316S S prob e whic hlead s t o a cyclone system wit hcu t point s o f >1 0 um , 1 0 u m t o 3 ura , an

d3 u m t o 1 ura . A

14 2 m m glas s fibe r backu pfilte r collect s the particle s tha t ar e les s tha n1 um i n diameter . The filte r assembl y i s followe db

y a nimpinge r system for the collectio no f volatil e radionuclides . Th e firs t impinge r containe d50 0 m l deionize dwater , th e secon dimpinge r containe d50 0 m l 0. 1 N HN03 , th e third wa s empty , an

dth e fina l impinge r containe d750 g o f silic a gel . Th e impinger s wer e adde dt o th e sampl e trai nt o determin e i f an y radionuclide s wer e stil l i n the vapo r stat e a t th e temperatur e o f the samplin g locatio njus t befor e th e gase s wer e release dt o th e atmosphere . Physica l parameter s o f th e flue ga s wer e measure ddurin g th e SAS S run s wit hanattache dS-typ e pito t tub e an da typ e Kthermocouple . Reading s o f al l SAS S trai noperation s andflu e ga s parameter s wer e recorde devery fiftee n minutes . Samplin g wa s conducte dfro m a singl e poin t o f averag e velocit y a t a constan t flowrat e o f 4 dr y standar dcubi c fee t pe r minute . A t th e endo f eac hrun , th e samplin g trai nwa s leak-checke dandremove d t o the GCA

truc k fo r sampl e recovery . Eac hdr y cyclon e catc hwa s retaine di n separat e containers . Th e bac k u pfilte r wa s store di na seale dpetr i dish . Th e probe , cyclone s an dfilte r assembl y wer e brushe dandrinse dwit hacetone . A t outle t locations , Wher e ther e wer e minima l amount s o f particulat e collected , th e cyclon e rinse s wer e kep t separate . Impinge r volume s wer e measure dan

dweigh t gai nwa s note dprio r t o transfe r t o precleane d(nitri c aci dwash , deionize dwate r rinse ) linea r polyethylen e containers . Th eP.1 9

impinger s wer e rinse dwit hdeionize dwater . Al l flue ga s sample s wer e returne dto GC A

fo r gravimetri c (fron t hal f particulat e samples ) analyses , the ndispatche dt o th e appropriat e EP A laboratory . Anderse nHighCapacit y Samplin g System — A nHCS S wa s use dfo r samplin g a t contro l devic e inle t locations . Th e HCS S i s anin-stack , multistage , cascad e impacto r whic hadapt s t o the standar d EP A typ e probe . Th e HCS S offer s thre e cu t size s betwee n1. 5 an d1 2 microns . A backu pthimbl e collect s particle s les s tha n1. 5 micron . Th e backu pthimbl e wa s followe db y

a serie s o f impinger s containing : first , 10 0 m l deionize d water ; second , 10 0 m l 0. 1 N HN0 3 ; third , empty ; fourth , 250 g silic a gel .
At the en

do f th e sampl e run , eac ho f the thre e impacto r stage s wer e rinse dseparatel y wit hacetone . Impinge r volume s wer e measured , weigh t gai n noted , an

dthe content s were transferre dt o precleane dlinea r polyethylen e containers . Th e impinger s were thenrinse d wit hdeionize dwater . EP A Metho d5 — Th e Metho d5 trai nfeature s a stainles s stee l buttonhook nozzl e attache d t o a hea t trace dstainles s stee l probe . A t the prob e exit , a heate dglas s fibe r filte r collect s fl y as hparticulate . Th e filte r i s followe db y a n impinge r system

containing : first , 10 0 m l deionize dwater ; second , 10 0 m l 0. 1 N HN0 3 ; third , empty ; final , 250 g silic a gel . The trai nwa s operate di n conformance wit hrequirement s delineate di n4 0 CF R60 , Appendi xA , Metho d5 . EP A Metho d3 ~ Integrate dga s sample s o f flu e ga s wer e collecte ddurin g al l SAS S and HCS S run s fo r analysi s o f O2 , CO2 , andC O wit ha norsa t ga s analyze r a s pe r EP A

Metho d3 , 4 0 CF R60 , Appendi xA . Liquid , Soli dan

dSlurry

Samplin g
Gra bsample s o f th e liquid , solid , andslurry stream s wer e collecte dand composite do na nhourl y basi s durin g the flu e ga s testing . Certai ncyclin g processe s di dno t permi t sampl e collectio no na regula r hourl y basis ; i nsuc h case s sample s wer e collecte da s ofte na s cyclin g woul dallow . Upo ncompletio n o f the sampl e run , composite dsample s wer e spli t int o si xsubsamples . Grab sample s were collecte di nequa l volume s an dcomposite dt o yiel da tota l o f approximate y

5 gallon s o f liqui dslurry and 1 0 pound s o f soli da t th e en do f the flu e ga s testing . I nsom e cases , smelle r volume s wer e collecte ddu e t o limite davailabilit y stemmin g fro

m th e cycli c natur e o f th e process . Qualit y

Assurance/Qualit y Contro l (QA/QC ) QA/Q C check s wer e performe do nth e samplin g an danalytica l portion s o f the progra

m (wher e GC A

wa s directl y

involved ) t o ensur e collectio no f vali d data . Thes e check s wer e performe db y projec t participant s unde r the guidanc e o f the QA

Manage r an

dProjec t Manager . GCA' s Q C progra m for th e samplin g aspect s o f thi s program include dthe following :



### 1 0

### Equipmen tCalibration —

Al l samplin g equipmen t(dr y ga s meters , pito ttubes , an d sampl e nozzles ) wer e calibrate d t o specification s outline d i n 4 0 CF R60 , Appendi x A . Us e o f Designate d Samplin g Forms — Standardize d dat asheet s wer e use d fo ral l method s an d complete d b y personne l collectin g th e sample s t o ensur e tha tal l pertinen tinformatio n wa s recorded . GCA' s Q C progra m fo rlaborator y analysi s make s us e o f anumbe ro f differen ttype s o f

Q C sample s suc h a s blanks , duplicate s an d known an d unknown tru e valu e Q

C sample s t o documen tth e validit y o f th e generate d data . The actua l Q

C sample s use d durin g thi s progra m included : 1 . Blan kSample s
a ) Fiel d Bia s Blanks—Blank s o f th e filte rmedi aan d samplin g reagent s wer e collecte d fo rsubsequen tanalysis . b ) Metho d Blanks—Blank s o f th e filte rmedi awer e submitte d t o th e EP A laboratorie s t o determin e backgroun d value s o f th e radio - nuclide s i n th e filter . (Becaus e th e fractio n o f particulat e matte rcollecte d o n th e filte rwa s smal l i n al l case s an d sinc e th e blan kcorrectio n wa s als o small , dat aadjuste d fo rth e blank s ar e presente d separatel y fro m th e overal l mas s balance s fo reac h plan ti n eac h o f th e appropriat e appendices) . 2 . Q C Sample s
a ) Q C sample s o f

unknown concentratio n fro m th e Nationa l Burea u o f Standard s (NBS ) wer e submitte d wit h th e coa l an d fl y as h sample s sen tou tfo rultimate , proximat e an d elementa l analyses . Weighing s fo rgravimetri cdeterminatio n o f particulat e sample s wer e performe d o n aMettle rbalance , Model H 54 . Th e balanc e wa s checke d wit h Clas s S NB

S standar d weights . Weighin g materia l wa s dessicate d fo r2 4 hour s prio rt o weighin g an d fo ra tleas t6 hour s prio rt o audi t(second ) weights . PROCEDURE

S FO RSAMPL E DISPATCHIN

G Sample s collecte d durin g th e progra m wer e dispatche d t o variou s laboratorie s fo ranalyses . A tth e conclusio n o f asamplin g period , eac h sampl e (wit h exceptio n o f th e flu e ga s samples ) wa s spli tint o si x subsets . On e subse twa s made availabl e t o th e participatin g utility . O n fou ro f

th e subsets , sampl e chai n o f custod y wa s transferre d fro m GC A t o fou rEP

A designate d laboratories . Thos e laboratorie s were : Lo s Alamo s Scientifi claborator y Lo s Alamos , Ne

wMexic o

1 1P.2 1

MoundLaborator y Monsant o Researc hCorporatio n Miamisburg , Ohi o
U.S . EP A Easter nEnvironmenta l Radiatio nFacilit y (EERF ) Montgomery , Alabama
U.S . EP A La s Vega s Facilit y (LVF ) La s Vegas , Nevad a Thes e subsample s o f the solids , liqui dan dslurry

stream s wer e dispatche d t o the neares t Federa l Expres s offic e fo r overnigh t deliver y withi ntwent y fou r hour s o f sampl e collection . Al l sample s were labeled , identifie da s a subsample , sealed , accounte dfo r ona packin g list , an dshippe dt o the designate dlaboratories . Th e remainin g subsampl e an dal l o f th e flu e ga s sample s wer e returne dt o GCA . Fro m GCA , aliquot s o f th e coal , fl y ash , botto m as han dscrubbe r reactant s (whenapplicable ) wer e submitte dt o Gilber t Commonwealt hi nReading , Pennsylvani a fo r elemental , proximate , an dultimate analysis . Particulate sample s wer e weighe da t GC A an ddispatche dt o EER F o r LV F for radionuclide analysis . COMPLET E SAMPLINGPROGRAM S Complet e samplin g program s were conducte da t Site s M-l , M-15 , M-33 , M-34 , an dM-99 . Specifi c problem s encountere da t an y o f thes e site s ar e discusse d i nSection s 4 through8 o f thi s report . A summary

o f samplin g locations , samplin g equipment , an dsampl e volume s for eac hfacilit y i s presente di n Tabl e 3 . Th e impac t o f actua l sampl e volume s obtaine donplan t result s i s discusse di neac happropriat e section . ABBREVIATE D SAMPLINGPROGRAM S
Gra bsample s o f variou s coa l an d as hstream s were collecte da s par t o f abbreviate dsamplin g program s conducte da t fiv e additiona l facilitie s (Site s M-4 , M-16 , M-18 , M-19 , andM-98) . Th e result s o f th e analyse s conducte do nthes e sample s ar e presente di nAppendi xF alon g wit ha discussio n o f ho w they compar e wit hothe r progra m results .



### 1 2P.2 2

TABL E 3 . SAMPLIN GDAT A SUMMAR

Y

Sit e



### M- l

M-1 5

M-3 3

M-3 4

M-9 9 Samplin g locatio n

Scrubbe r Inle t Scrubbe r Inle t Scrubbe r Outle t Scrubbe r Outle t Cyclon e Inle t Cyclon e Outle t Scrubbe r Inle t Scrubbe r Outle t
ES P Inle t (N ) ES P Inle t (S ) ES P Outle t
Scrubbe r Inle t 

### (N )

(S ) (N ) (S )

(on e o f four ducts )
Scrubbe r Outle t

Cyclone Inle t ES P Inle t (W ) ES P Inle t (E ) ES P Outle t Samplin g trai n use d

HCS S HCS S SAS S SAS S
SAS S SAS S SAS S SAS S
HCS S SAS S SAS S
SAS S & HCS S
SAS S & Metho d5

- SAS S HCS S SAS S Require d

sampl e volume 8 (ft3 )



### 17 7 17 7 141 3 141 3 

### 70 6 70 6 70 6 88 3 3 5

- 

### 35 3
176 6

- 176 6

—

- 

### 88 3 17 7 176 6 Actua l

sampl e volum e (ft3 )



### 19 5 15 3 74 2 73 8
5 5 38 3 79 9 86 7 6 2 35 1 90 9 47 5 5 1
101 4 

### 16 3

- 

### 41 1 11 6 184 3 Actua l

sampl e tim e (min )



### 49 1 40 4 21 0 20 5 1 5 10 0 20 0 25 5 24 0 14 1 25 0 18 0 13 5 31 1 23 2

- 

### 20 0 15 0 50 0

a A nestimatio no f th e require dsampl e volum e wa s made b y considerin g the followin g site-specifi c factors :

• specifie dactivit y for minimu

m detectio n • stac k flow

rat e • coa l feedrat e • specifi c elemen t concentratio n • partitio ncoefficien t • contro l devic e efficienc y • isotopi c abundance
• isotopi c specifi c activit y • sampl e collecto r efficienc y • differentia l particl e siz e fractio n



### 1 3SECTION 4
SIT E M- l

PLAN T DESCRIPTIO N Sit e M- l i s Uni t No . 1 a t LaCygn e Generatin g Statio ni nLaCygne , Kansas . The statio ni s operate db y Kansa s Cit y

Powe r an

dLigh t Company . Plan t contact s durin g th e samplin g progra m wer e Ji m

Wishar t wh o ha dcomplete dthe OR P presurve y

forms an

dPhi l Franchett , Result s Forema ni nthe Ai r Qualit y Contro l Section . Uni t No . 1 generate s 87 4 M W (gross ) usin g a Babcoc k an dWilco xcyclone firedboile r burnin g easter nsubbituminou s coa l wit hhig has han dsulfu r content . Botto

m as hi s sluice dou t o f th e we t bottom o f the boile r an di s sol d commercially . Flu e ga s cleanin g i s accomplishe dwit ha Venturi/Absorbe r Scrubbe r system

consistin g o f eigh t scrubbe r modules . Flu e ga s exit s the ai r heater s i ntw

o duct s whic hfeeda commo ninle t plenu m before distributio nt o eac ho f th e eigh t scrubbe r module inlets . Flu e gase s dischargin g fro m the scrubbe r system

pas s throug hfou r stea m coi l reheaters , a noutle t plenum , and si xinduce ddraf t fan s befor e exitin g throughtw o duct s t o th e stack . A schemati c diagram o f th e plan t configuration , includin g locatio no f samplin g points , i s provide di nFigur e 1 . A summary

o f plan t desig n characteristic s i s give ni nTabl e 4 . SAMPLE S COLLECTED
Bot hnort han

dsout hduct s were sample da t the inle t an doutle t o f th e scrubbe r system

o nMarc h27 , 1981 . A nAnderse nHighCapacit y Samplin g System (HCSS ) wa s use da t th e scrubbe r inle t whil e a Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g Syste m (SASS ) wa s use da t th e scrubbe r outlet . Outle t samplin g a t thi s sit e presente da nunexpecte ddifficulty ; the ga s strea m wa s mainl y

comprise do f particle s inthe on e micro nan dles s diamete r range . Thi s necessitate dfilte r change s every

3 0 minute s whic hquadruple dth e tim e require dt o collec t th e necessar y

sampl e volume . Uni t No . 1 operate da t a naverag e loa do f 68 8 M W (gross ) an

da coa l feedrat e o f 30 4 lon g ton/h r durin g th e tes t period .
A composit e sampl e o f the incomin g coa l wa s collecte ddurin g th e tes t period . Analysi s o f thi s sampl e gav e the followin g results : Moistur e content , percen t 9.5 2
As hcontent , percen t 24. 2



### 1 4VENTUR I /ABSORBE R SCRUBBE R MODULE S (8 ) STEA M COI L

REHEATER S 

### W INDUCE D DRAF T

FAN S (6 )

AI R HEATERS
. (2 )

COA L

• ? CYCLON E

BOILE R



### ^ BOTTO M t 

# J 

# 1

t (\S H

SAMPLIN G POINT S
(A ) HCS S (3/27/81 ) (? ) HCS S (3/27/81 ) 0 SAS S (3/27/81 ) (5 ) SAS S (3/27/81 ) FORCE D DRAF T FAN S (3 ) 

# 1 SLURR YT O 8 RECIRCULATIO N TANK S 2--LIMEST0N E SLURR YSTORAG E TANK

S | 2--LIMEST0N E BUNKERS/FEEDERS J 2—HYDROCLON E CLASSIFIER S RA W LIMESTON E | 2--WE T BAL L MILL S

LIMESTONE WE T SCRUBBIN G SYSTE M EXHAUS T > GASE S

Figur e 1
. Plan t flo wdiagram , Sit e M-l ,P.2 5

TABL E 4 . DESIGN

CHARACTERISTICS , SIT E M- l

Boile r typ e Firin g mode Ag e Manufacture r Coa l typ e Desig ncoa l feedrat e Stea m rat e Exces s ai r Bas e load Cyclone , we t bottom Commercia l operatio n- Ma y 197 3 Babcoc k an

dWilco x Bituminou s 38 0 ton/hr 5,757,63 3 lb/hr 1 5 percen t

Electri c generatin g capacit y 87 4 m w (gross ) 74 0 m w (net )

Particulat e contro l Desig nefficienc y Ventur i scrubbe r 9 9 percen t

Flu e ga s desulfurizatio nsystem Desig nefficienc y Reactan t feed Recirculatio nrat e Mak e u prat e Discharg e rat e Reactan t concentratio n We t throwawa y limeston e 8 0 percen t 0.235 3 lblimestone/l bcoa l 6,50 0 gp

m 20 0 gp m 20 0 gp m 4 6 g/ 1

Stac k heigh t Stac k diamete r Desig ntemperatur e Stac k velocit y Ai r flo

w rat e 70 0 ft . 2 6 ft . 190° F 9 0 ft/se c 2,760,00 0 acf m



### 1 6

### Sulfu rcontent , percen t4.6 6 Heatin g value , Btu/l b 9,55 0 Gra b sample s wer e take n a tal l incomin g an d outgoin g stream s an d composite d and fl y as h samplin g wa s conducte d i n bot h inle tan d outle tduct s o f th e scrubbe rsystem . Th e samplin g performe d a tth e scrubbe rinle tallowe d fo ra n accurat e estimatio n o f th e boile rbotto m as h rate . I n addition , dat a mad e availabl e b y plan tpersonne l pertainin g t o th e flu e ga s desulfurizatio n syste m enable d accurat e quantificatio n o f mas s flo wrate s fo rscrubbe rinle t an d outle tstream s (limestone , makeu p water , an d sludg e discharge) . RESULT S Fo rSit e M-l , activit y measurement s wer e reporte d fo ral l sample s b y EER F alon g wit h two-sigra aerro rvalues . I n afe w cases , seale d fl y as h sampl e package s sen tt o EER F cam e apar tdurin g shipmen tan d ha d t o b e reweighe d b y th e EP A laboratory . I n thes e cases , th e ne w sampl e weigh twa s use d t o determin e th e activit y concentratio n i n pCi/ g bu tth e origina l sampl e weigh t wa s retaine d fo rcalculatio n o f th e appropriat e mas s flo w rate . Al l dat aan d result s fo rSit e M- l ar e presente d i n Appendi x A. The variou s measure d and calculate d value s fo rmas s flo w rates , fl y as h weights , sampl e volumes , etc . ar e show n i n Tabl e A-1 . Value s determine d b y calculatio n (suc h a s limeston e an d sludg e discharg e rates ) ar e indicate d b y a n asteris k (*) ; al l othe rvalue s ar e eithe rdirectl y o rindirectl y determine d b y measurement . Table s A- 2 and A- 3 sho w th e activit y value s reporte d fo rth e si x radionuclide s fo ral l samples ; Tabl e A- 2 show s th e actua l dat aobtaine d b y EER F (i.e. , whic h sample s wer e les s tha n backgroun d o rno tcounted ) an d Tabl e A- 3 show s th e value s use d i n th e calculations . The individua l radionuclid e balance s ar e show n i n Tabl e A- 4 wit h result s obtaine d b y usin g activit y measurement s withou tthei rcorrespondin g erro rbands . (Ther e wa s littl e differenc e betwee n result s obtaine d wit h an d withou tth e two-sigm a erro rvalues. ) Tabl e A- 5 show s th e result s obtaine d b y doin g abalanc e aroun d th e venturi/absorbe rscrubbe ronly . Thi s wa s don e t o determin e approximat e activit y value s fo rRa-226 , Po-210 , an d Pb-210 , becaus e n o dat awer e reporte d fo rthes e radionuclide s i n th e scrubbe rsludge . Finally , Tabl e A- 6 present s filte ran d thimbl e (< 1 um ) sampl e result s correcte d fo rblan kradioactivity . Th e dat apresente d i n Appendi x A ar e summarize d i n variou s table s an d discusse d i n th e followin g paragraphs . A s aresul to f

a n extensiv e samplin g program , rate s fo ral l as h stream s wer e determine d wit h reasonabl e confidenc e i n thei raccuracy . As h flo wrate s a tth e variou s point s i n th e plan tincludin g as h inpu tfro m th e coal , botto m as h fro m th e boiler , as h inpu tt o th e scrubber , an d as h discharge d fro m th e scrubbe rt o th e settlin g pon d an d t o th e atmosphere , ar e show n i n Tabl e 5 . Th e valu e determine d fo rth e botto m as h strea m woul d appea rt o b e somewha tlo w whe n compare d t o atheoretica l valu e o f abou t8 0 percen to f as h inpu tfo ra cyclone-fire d boiler . Base d o n th e inle tan d outle tsampling , th e efficienc y o f th e scrubbe rfo rfl y as h remova l i s abou t9 8 percent .

1 7P.2 7

TABL E 5 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F AS H PARTICULATE , SIT E M- l

Mas s flo

w rate , g/hr As hstrea

m (percen t o f tota l input )

Inpu t fro

m coa l 7. 5 x10 7
Botto m as h4. 7 x10 7 (63 ) 

### Scrubbe rinle tas h 2. 8 x 10 7 (37 ) Scrubbe ras h 2. 7 x 10 7 (36 ) Fl y as h 5. 6 x 10 5 (0.8 )

Th e distributio n o f th e variou s radionuclide s i n thes e as h stream s an d trfe e percentag e o f

tota l inpu to routpu ti s show n i n Tabl e 6 . Fo reac h o f th e iradlionuclides , coa l i s responsibl e fo rabou t9 0 percen tan d limeston e abou t M J percen to f

th e tota l input . Mos to f th e radionuclide s leav e th e plan ti n ttSie boile rbotto m as h an d th e as h discharge d b y th e scrubber . Poloniu m an d lea d sho wth e highes tpercentage s i n th e scrubbe ras h an d fl y as h streams . Bto-21 0 show s th e highes tpercentag e (23 ) bein g emitte d t o th e atmospher e whil e ttifa e other s rang e fro m 0. 5 t o 6 percen to f input . Lea d an d poloniu m sho wth e ftulgjiestlevel s i n th e scrubbe ras h (8 8 an d 7 7 percen trespectively) , whil e ttduMrium-232 an d radiu m sho wth e highes tlevel s i n th e botto m as h (5 2 an d tk& percen trespectively) . To giv e a n ide aa s t o how th e radionuclide s ar e distribute d i n th e fl y as h leavin g th e stack , Tabl e 7 show s th e distributio n a s afunctio n o f jpaorticl e size . Wherea s mos to f th e fl y as h collecte d wa s les s tha n 1 U m i n diamete r(7 9 percent) , mos to f th e radionuclid e emission s wer e als o foun d i n tt&i s fractio n o f

th e fl y ash . A s par to f

th e overal l balanc e analysis , percen tclosure s wer e compute d fro reac h radionuclid e an d asummar y o f thes e result s i s presente d i n Tabl e 8 . Ia n general , th e closure s obtaine d wer e quit e satisfactor y give n al l o f th e potentia l error s wit h respec tt o sampling , analysis , an d computatio n o f variou s plan tparameters . Th e closure s determine d wit h an d withou tth e tw o eiigoi aerro rvalue s wer e ver y similar , thu s indicatin g tha tth e activit y analyse s wer e quit e accurate . Ra-22 6 ha d th e lowes tpercen tclosur e wit h onl y aafcout . hal f bein g accounte d fo ri n th e plan teffluent . Pb-21 0 yielde d th e I h ig n es tresult s wit h abou ton e an d one-thir d time s a s muc h show n leavin g th e

1 8TABL E 6 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE S I N ASH , SIT E M- l P.2 8



### Radionuclid e
Uranium-23 8

Radium-22 6

Polonium-21 0

Lead-21 0

Thorium-23 0

Thorium-23 2 Radionuclid e inpu t fro

m coal , UCi/h r (percen t o f tota l input )

72 0 (87 ) 72 0 (87 ) 72 0 (87 ) 72 0 (87 ) 66 2 (89 ) 8 2 (93 ) Radionuclid e distribu t

UCi/hr

Bottomas h

29 3 (40 ) 17 6 (46 ) 0 (0 ) 6 6 (6 ) 26 1 (42 ) 5 1 (52 ) ion i n ash
.

(percen t o f tota l output )
As h removed b yscrubbe r
41 5 (57 ) 19 7 (51 ) 60 0 (77 ) 95 0 (88 ) 35 6 (57 ) 4 5 (46 ) Fl yas h released

t o atmospher e
2 1 (3 ) 1 1 (3 ) 17 5 (23 ) 6 0 (6 ) 3 (0.5 ) 1. 5 (1.5 )



### 1 9

### TABLE 7 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE S I

N STAC KFLYASH , SITE M- l

Stac k fl y ash Radionuclid e emissio

nrate , wCi/hr (percen t of tota l emission ) Percen t Siz e Weight , of tota l fraction , (um ) (mg ) weigh t U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

r o o 

### >1 0

3-1 0



### 1- 3

< 1 N

S N S N S N S 47 4 84 5 0. 4 1 4 31 3 9
260 0 250 0 

### 2 0

0. 2

1. 0

7 9 2. 2



### (10.6 ) 0.0 2 (0.1 ) 0.1 8 (0.9 ) 18. 5 (89 ) 1. 8

(16 ) 0.0 3 (0.3 ) 0.1 8 (1.6 ) 8. 7 (79 ) 2 6

(15 ) 0 (0 ) 0. 9 (0.5 ) 15 0 (85 ) 1 3

(22 ) 1. 1 (1.8) ) 0.6 2 (1.0 ) 4 5 (75 ) 0. 7

(24 ) 0.0 1 (0.3 ) 0.0 7 (2.4 ) 2. 2 (74 ) 0.0 8

(5.3 ) 0.00 2 (0.1 ) 0.0 1 (0.7 ) 1. 4 (93 )
Tota l 651 4 

### 2 1 1 1 17 5 6 0 3. 0 1. 5
Percen t of tota l plan

t radionuclid

e output (2.9 ) (2.8 ) (23 ) (5.6 ) (0.5 ) (1.5 )

### plan ta s entering . The remainin g fou rradionuclide s al l showe d excellen t

closure s rangin g fro m 8 3 t o 11 1 percent . Since , i n al l cases , th e incomin g coa l account s fo rabou tnine-tenth s o f th e tota l radioactivit y comin g int o th e plant , i ti s obviou s tha tth e measure d coa l activitie s ar e critica l t o th e closur e analysis . (Becaus e o f th e similarit y betwee n closur e percentage s wit h an d withou tth e two-sigm aerro rdata , onl y th e result s usin g actua l activit y dat aar e presente d i n Appendi x A , Tabl e A-4) .

TABL E 8 . CLOSUR

E DAT A FO RRADIONUCLID

E BALANCES

, SIT E M- l

Radionuclid e balanc e Percen tclosure—(pCi/h rout*pCi/h rin)x(100 ) U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2
1 . Measure d activitie s use d withou t2-sigm aerro r value s 88. 5 46. 6 94. 3 130. 5 83. 0 111. 4

Measured activitie s use d wit hmaximu

m positiv

e 2-sigm a erro r 88. 3 42. 4 87. 6 123. 6 85. 6 112. 5

3 . Measuredactivitie s use d wit hmaximu

m negativ

e 2-sigm a erro r 88. 7 51. 8 102. 8 139. 1 80. 1 109. 7

T o provid e aperspectiv e a s t o th e fat e o f eac h o f

th e si x radionuclides , asummar

y i s presente d i n Figur e 2 . A separat e balanc e wa s conducte d aroun d th e scrubbe rbecaus e n o activitie s wer e reporte d i n th e scrubbe rsludg e fo r radium , polonium , an d lead . First , abalanc e wa s don e o n Th-23 0 an d i n conjunctio n wit h it s measure d activity , asludg e rat e wa s determined . Usin g thi s ne wsludg e rate , balance s wer e don e o n radium , polonium , an d lea d and activit y concentration s wer e computed . Thes e compute d activitie s a s wel l a s th e ne wsludg e discharg e rat e wer e the n use d t o repea tal l calculations . I t i s interestin g t o not e tha tth e sludg e rat e determine d b y doin g abalanc e aroun d th e scrubbe ro n Th-23 0 wa s exactl y equa l t o th e desig n rat e provide d b y th e plant . Thi s desig n rat e ha d bee n reduce d b y three-fourth s (assumin g tha t s i x o f eigh tscrubbe rmodule s woul d b e operating ) t o coincid e wit h th e plant' s operatin g loa d facto ro f 7 7 percen tdurin g th e samplin g period . Th e dat a provide d i n Figur e 2 sho wtha tmos to f th e material , especiall y radium , i s "lost " i n th e boile rarea .

2 1LIMESTONE , 7. 3 xIO 7 g/h r

_RADI.QNUCJ.I.PE

S [»t I /hr ) .. . U-23 8 - RA-22 6 - PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TH-23 0 - TH-23 2 - 104

104 104 104 8 6 6

COAL , 3. 1 x 10 ° g/h r ASH , 7. 5 x 10 7 g/h

r

RADIONUCLIDE S ((iCI/hr )

r o r o U-23 8

RA-22 6 PO-21 0 PB-21 0 TH-23 0 TH-23 2 72 0

72 0 72 0 72 0 66 2 8 2 BOILE R ASH
. 2. 8 x 10 / g/h r

RADIONUCLIDE S (pCl/hr ) U-23 8 RA-22 6 PO-21 0 PB-21 0 TH-23 0 TH-23 2

BOTTO M ASH , 4. 7 x <0 7 g/h r 33 0 10 4 67 2 90 4 27 3 3 6 WATER , i.k xIO* 1 1/h

r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 0.0 8 RA-22 6 PO-21 0 PB-21 0 TH-23 0 TH-232 ' 0.0 2

0 0 0.00 4 0.000 6

VENTURI/ABSORBE R SCRUBBE R FL Y AS H T O ATMOSPHERE , 5. 6 x IO 5 g/h

r

RADI0NUCIIDE 5 (pCi/hr ) U-23 8 - RA-22 6 - PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TH-23 0 - TH-23 2 - 2 1

1 1 175 6 0 3 1. 5

SCRUBBE R ASH , 2.73 6 x IO 7 g/h r SCRUBBE R SLUDGE (LIQUID) , SCRUBBE R SLUDGE (SOLID) , 1. 0 x IO 6 1/h

r 1. 3 x IO 8 g/h r

RADIONUCLIDE S (wCI/hr ) U-23 8 - RA-22 6 - PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TH-23 0 - TH-23 2 - 29 3

17 6 0 6 6 26 1 5 1 RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) RADIONUCLIDE S (pCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 2. 7 RA-22 6 - 0 PO-21 0 - 0 PB-21 0 - 0 TH-23 0 - 0.1 6 TH-23 2 - 0.0 4 U-23 8 - 41 2 RA-22 6 - 197 PO-21 0 - 60 2 PB-21 0 - 95 0 TH-23 0 - 35 6 TH-23 2 - 4 5 

### Figure 2 . Radionuclid e an d As hDistributio

nSummary , Sit e M-l .

C OP.3 2



### Enrichmen tfactor s hav e als o bee n calculate d fo reac h o f th e radio nuclides . Th e enrichmen tfacto ri s define d a s th e rati o o f th e radionuclid e concentratio n i n th e fl y as h t o it s concentratio n i n th e coa l ash. . Computed enrichmen tfactor s ar e a s follows :

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 

### 3. 9

2. 0 3 2 1 1 

### 0. 6 2. 4 Result s fro m analysi s o f th e impinge rcontent s a tth e scrubbe rinle tan d outle tsamplin g location s ar e give n belo w and indicat e tha tlittle , i f any , o f th e radionuclide s exi tt o atmospher e i n th e vapo rstate . Thes e result s ar e discusse d more full y i n Sectio n 9 . Emissio n Rate , Ci/h r Scrubbe r Inle t Outle t U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 

### 4

1 3 2 0 

### 0. 3 0.0 8 0.0 8

N D N D N D N D N D

N D = No tdetectable .



### 2 3P.3 3

SECT1Q M

5
SIT E tt-1,5

PLAN T DESCRIPTIO N Sit e M-1 5 i s Uni t No . 1 a t th e Lewi s an dClar k Statio ni nSidney , Montan a whic hi s operate db y Montan a an

dDakot a Utilitie s Company . Uni t No . 1 generate s 5 6 M W (gross ) usin g a tangentially-fire d pulverize d coa l boile r burnin g Montan a lignit e wit hmedium as han

dlo w sulfu r content . Particulat e matte r i s remove dfro m th e flu e ga s wit ha multitub e cyclone followe db

y a we t ventur i scrubber .
A diagram

o f th e overal l plan t configuration , includin g locatio no f samplin g points , i s provide di nFigur e 3 . A summary

o f plan t desig n characteristic s i s give ni nTabl e 9 . SAMPLE S COLLECTED Samplin g wa s performe da t the inle t an d outle t o f bot hcollectio ndevice s usin g th e Sourc e Assessmen t Sampling Syste m (SASS) . Samplin g wa s conducte d aroun dthe multitub e cyclon e onMa y 1 , 1981, . an

daroundthe ventur i scrubbe r o nApri l 30 , 1981 . Uni t No . 1 operate da t a average loa do f 3 8 M W (gross ) and a coa l feedrat e o f 34. 2 shor t ton/h r durin g the samplin g period . A composit e sampl e o f th e incomin g coa l wa s collecte ddurin g the tes t period . Analysi s o f thi s sampl e gav e th e followin g results :

Moistur e content , percen t 20. 5
As hcontent , percen t 9.1 4
Sulfu r content , percen t 0.3 3 Heatin g value , Btu/l b8,07 1
Gra bsample s were take no f al l incomin g an doutgoin g stream s o nbot h samplin g date s an dcomposite dan

dthes e an

dal l fl y

as hsample s wer e sen t t o th e EP A

Laborator y

i nLa s Vega s fo r radionuclid e analysis . Samplin g a t th e multitub e cyclon e inle t allowe dfor goodapproximatio no f th e boile r bottom as hrat e whil e additiona l dat a provide db y plan t personne l enable daccurat e quantificatio no f mas s flo w rate s for scrubbe r inle t an doutle t streams .



### 2 4UATE R

ro • COA L BOILE R

pc-d a

BOTTO r1 AS H COMBUSTIO N AI R 

# 1

AI R

FLU E GA S AI R

HEATE R 

# < 3 MULTITUB E

CYCLON E

1 AS H 

# -<$(mQ-oX-XINSLURRY



# V^® sRECIRCULAT 

# 1 '

VENTUR I SCRUBBE R

AS H S LURR Y •

EXHAUS T GA S



# I T ^J- . 

### ^ ( \ 

### (FJ " I STACKJ 

# ^ y

SAMPLIN G POINT S @ SAS S (5/1/81 ) (5 ) SAS S (5/1/81 ) © SAS S (4/30/81 ) (D ) SAS S (4/30/81 )



### Figur e 3 . Plan tFlo w Diagra m - Sit e M-15 .P.3 5

TABL E 9 . DESIGN

CHARACTERISTICS , SIT E M-1 5

Boile r typ e Firin g mod e

Ag e Manufacture r
Coa l typ e Desig ncoa l feedrat e Electri c generatin g capacit y Particulat e contro l Desig nefficienc y
Stac k heigh t
Stac k diamete r Desig ntemperatur e
Stac k velocit y 

### Ai rflo w rat e Cyclin g Pulverize dcoal , dr y bottom , tangentially-fire d Commercia l operatio n- Octobe r 1 , 195 8 Combustio nEngineerin g Lignit e
5 1 ton/h r 5 6 m w (gross ) Multitub e cyclon e andventur i scrubbe r
N A
25 0 ft . 14. 5 ft . 150° F
2 7 ft/se c 270,00 0 acf m

N A = Dat a no t available .



### 2 6

### RESULT S Radionuclid e balance s wer e determine d aroun d th e plan tfo reac h o f th e radionuclide s excep tlead . The La s Vega s laborator y analyze d thes e sample s bu tdi d no thav e th e capabilit y fo rPb-21 0 analysi s and , therefore , n o value s wer e reporte d fo ran y o f th e samples . Al l dat aan d result s fo rSit e M-1 5 ar e presente d i n Appendi x B . Th e variou s measure d and calculate d value s fo rmas s flo w rates , fl y as h weights , sampl e volumes , etc . ar e show n i n Tabl e B-l . Value s determine d b y calculatio n (scrubbe rwate ran d sludg e discharg e rates ) ar e indicate d b y an asteris k(*) ; a l l othe rvalue s ar e eithe rdirectl y o rindirectl y determine d b y measurement . Table s B- 2 and B- 3 sho wth e activit y value s reporte d fo rth e radionuclide s fo r a l l samples . Tabl e B- 2 show s th e actua l dat aobtaine d b y th e EP A Laborator y (i.e. , whic h sample s wer e les s tha n backgroun d o rno tcounted ) and Tabl e B- 3 show s th e value s use d i n th e calculations . Th e individua l radionuclid e balance s ar e show n i n Tabl e B- 4 wit h result s obtaine d b y usin g activit y measurement s withou tthei rcorrespondin g erro rbands . Tabl e B- 5 show s radionuclid e rate s a tth e mechanica l collecto rinle tan d outle tan d th e scrubbe rinlet . Finally , Tabl e B- 6 present s filte ran d thimbl e (< 1 um ) sampl e result s correcte d fo rblan kradioactivity . The dat apresente d i n Appendi x B ar e summarize d i n variou s table s an d discusse d i n th e followin g paragraphs . A s aresul to f

a n extensiv e samplin g program , rate s fo ral l as h stream s wer e determine d wit h reasonabl e confidenc e i n thei raccuracy . As h flo w rate s a tth e variou s point s i n th e plan talon g wit h th e associate d percentag e o f th e tota l as h inpu tar e show n i n Tabl e 10 . Th e valu e determine d fo rth e boile r botto m as h strea m (2 8 percent ) i s no tunreasonabl y differen tfro m th e theoretica l valu e (2 0 percen to f as h input ) tha twoul d b e expecte d fo ra pulverize d coal-fire d boiler . Base d o n th e inle tan d outle tsampling , th e efficienc y (fo rfl y as h removal ) fo rth e multitub e cyclon e i s determine d t o b e abou t6 7 percen twhil e tha tfo rth e ventur i scrubbe ri s 98. 6 percent ; Th e distributio n o f th e variou s radionuclide s i n th e effluen tas h stream s an d th e percentag e o f tota l inpu to routpu ti s show n i n Tabl e 11 . Fo reac h o f th e radionuclides , coa l i s responsibl e fo ressentiall y al l o f th e input . Mos t o f th e radionuclide s leav e th e plan ti n th e mechanica l collecto rash . Poloniu m show s th e highes tfraction s i n th e scrubbe rhoppe ras h an d fl y as h streams . U-23 8 show s th e highes tpercentag e i n th e cyclon e as h (72 ) whil e thorium-23 0 show s th e highes tpercentag e i n th e boile rbotto m as h (42) . Tne distributio n o f th e variou s radionuclide s i n th e fl y as h leavin g th e stac ki s give n i n Tabl e 1 2 a s afunctio n o f particl e size . The larges t fractio n o f

materia l collecte d wa s >1 0 y m and , excep tfo rU-23 8 and Th-232 , mos to f th e radioactivit y show s u p i n thi s fraction . Fo rU-23 8 an d Th-232 , mos ti s presen ti n th e < 1 y m siz e fraction . A s expected , poloniu m show s th e highes toveral l fractio n o f an y radionuclid e exitin g i n th e fl y as h strea m (4. 2 percent) .

2 7TABL E 10 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F AS H PARTICULATE , SIT E M-1 5

As hstrea

m Mas s flo w rate , g/h r (percen t o f tota l input )

Inpu t fro

m coa l
Bottom as h

Cyclon e inle t as h

Cyclon e hoppe r as h

Cyclon e outle t as h

Scrubbe r inle t as h

Scrubbe r hoppe r as h

Fl y as h 

### 2. 8 x 10 6 7. 3 x 10 5 (26 ) 2. 1 x 10 6 (74 ) 1. 4 x 10 6 (49 ) 7. 0 x 10 5 (25 ) 5. 3 x 10 5 (19 ) 5. 3 x 10 5 (18.5 ) 7,20 9 (0.25 )



### 2 8TABL E 11 . DISTRIBUTION O F RADIONUCLIDE S I N ASH , SIT E M-1 5



### Radionuclid

e
Uranium-23 8

Radium-22 6 t o i 

### Polonium-21 0

Lead-21 0 Thorium-23 0

Thorium-23 2 Radionuclid e inpu t fro m coal , UCi/h

r (percen t of tota l input )

6. 2 (99.6 ) 6. 2 (100.0 ) 6. 2 (99.9 )
No t counte

d in 6. 2 (100.0 ) 5. 4 (100.0 ) Botto m ash

1. 2 (26 ) 1. 2 (20 ) 0. 5 (17 )

an y sample s 1. 8 (42 ) 0.5 9 (15 ) Radionuclid e distributio

n uCi/h r (percen

t of tota l
As hremove

d b y cyclon e

3. 4 (72 ) 3. 2 (56 ) 1. 3 (41 )

2. 3 (53 ) 2. 6 (65 ) Ashremove d b y scrubbe

r

0.0 5 (1.2 ) 1. 3 (22 ) 1. 2 (38 )

0.1 5 (3.5 ) 0. 8 (20 ) i

nash , output ) Fl y t o as hrelease

d atmospher

e

0. 4 (0.8 ) 0.0 8 (1.4 ) 0. 1 (4.2 )

0.0 6 (1.3 ) 0.0 2 (0.6 )TABL E 12 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE S I N STAC KFL YASH , SIT E M-1 5

Stac k fl y

as h Radionuclid e emissio nrate , uCi/h r (percen t o f tota l emission ) Percen t Siz e Weight , o f tota l fraction , (ym ) (mg ) weigh t U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

u > o 

### >1 0

3-1 0



### 1- 3

<1 38 9

1 1

17 4

21 0 5 0

1. 4

2 2

2 7 0.0 1

(32 )
0.000 3 (0.8 )
0.00 7 (20 )
0.0 2 (47 ) 0.0 5

(63 )
0.000 7 (0.9 )
0.00 9 (11 )
0.0 2 (25 ) 0.0 6

(48 )
0.000 8 (0.6 )
0.0 2 (14 )
0.0 5 (37 ) 0.0 4 (62 )
0.000 4 (0.7 )
0.005 5 (9.5 )
0.0 2 (28 ) 0.00 5

(20 )
0.000 3 (1.2 )
0.00 3 (13 )
0.0 2 (66 )
Tota l 

### 78 4 0.0 4 0.0 8 0.1 3 0.0 6 0.0 2
Percen t o f tota l plan

t radionuclid

e output (0.8 ) (1.4 ) (4.2 ) (1.3 ) (0.6 )P.4 0

As par t o f th e overal l balanc e analysis , percen t closure s were compute d for eac hradionuclide ; a summar y o f thes e result s i s presente dinTabl e 13 . Th e bes t result s were obtaine dfor radiu m (~9 3 percent ) whil e the.poores t closur e wa s eviden t fo r poloniu m (—5 2 percent) . Fo r eac ho f the othe r radionuclides , abou t three-fourth s o f the materia l wa s detecte di nthe output . (Becaus e o f th e similarit y betwee nclosur e percentage s wit han d withou t the two-sigm a erro r data , result s obtaine db y usin g activit y measurement s withou t thei r correspondin g erro r band s ar e presente di n Appendi xB , Tabl e B-4) .

TABL E 13 . CLOSUR E DAT A FORRADIONUCLID E BALANCES , SIT E M-1 5

Percen t closure—(pCi/h r outfpCi/h r in)x(100 ) Radionuclid e balanc e U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

1 . Measure dactivitie s use d75. 7 93. 1 52. 0 - 69. 8 73. 4 withou t 2-sigm

a erro r value s 2 . Measure dactivitie s use d76. 1 93. 2 52. 1 - 70. 0 73. 5 wit hmaximu

m positiv e 2-sigm a erro r 3 . Measure dactivitie s use d75. 3 92. 9 51. 8 - 69. 6 73. 2 wit hmaximu

m negativ e 2-sigm a erro r

A noveral l summary o f th e fat e o f eac ho f the radionuclide s i s presente d i nFigur e 4 . B

y lookin g a t individua l balance s aroundspecifi c part s o f the plan t (boiler , cyclone , an dscrubber ) i t i s note dtha t goodclosure s ar e obtaine daroundth e boile r an dthe cyclone whil e poore r result s ar e see n aroundthe scrubber . I nth e cas e o f U-238 , th e scrubbe r slurry (spen t solid ) sampl e wa s los t an dther e i s probabl y muc hmor e U-23 8 tha nindicate dleavin g th e plan t i nth e scrubbe r as hstream . Th e calculate dvalue s use dfor scrubbe r effluen t rate s (rathe r tha nmeasure drates ) ma y als o partl y

explai nth e generall y

lo w closure s foun

daroun dth e ventur i scrubber . Enrichmen t factor s compute dfor eac hradionuclid e ar e a s follows :



### U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Tn-23 2 2. 4

5. 2 8. 6 N C 3. 7 1. 7

3 1U J

r o COAL , 3. 1 xIO 7 g/h r ASH , 2. 8 x10 * g/hr

RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 6. 2 RA-226 - 6. 2 PO-210 - 6. 2 PB-210 - N

C TH-230 - 6. 2 TH-232 - 5. 4 CYCLON E INLE T ASH ,
RADIONUCLIDE S
U-23 8 - RA-226 - PO-210 -

BUILL R TH-230 - TH-232 - 2. 1 x10 ° g/ h

(uCI/hr )
4. 7 3- 7 6. 6 N C 5. 2 2. 9 CYCLON E OUTLE T ASH , RADIONUCLIDE S

r

MULTITUB E CYCLON E

' U-23 8 -

RA-226 - P0-2I0 - PB-210 - TH-230 - TH-232 - 

### /
/ 7. 0 xIO 5 g/h r (vCI/hr )
2. 0 1. 0 3. 5 N C 1. 6 1. 0

VENTUR I SCRUBBE R INLE T ASH , 5. 3 xIO ' g/h r

RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 8 - 1. 7 RA-226 - 1. 8 PO-210 - 2. 4 PB-210 - N

C TH-230 - 1. 1 TH-232 - 1. 3 "

VENTUR I SCRUBBE R 

# 1 WATE RRATE , 16,38 0 1/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 0.0 3 RA-226 - 0.00 3 PO-210 - 0.00 9 PB-210 - N

C TH-230 - <0.000 6 TH-232 - 0.00 1

ri YAS H RATE , 720 9 g/hr

. RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 3 - 0.0 4 RA-226 - 0.0 8 PO-210 - 0.1 3 PB-210 - NC TH-230 - 0.0 6 TH-232 - 0.0 2

BOTTOM ASH , 7. 3 x10 5 g/hr RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 1. 2 RA-226 - 1. 2 PO-210 0 0. 5 PB-210 - N

C TH-230 - 1. 8 TH-232 - 0. 6 CYCLONE ASH , 1. 4 x10 * g/hr RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 3. 4 RA-226 - 3. 2 P0^210 - 1. 3 PB-210 - NC TH-230 - 2. 3 TH-232 - 2. 6 SCRUBBE RAS H RATE , 5. 3 x10 s g/hr RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr )
U-23 8 - R A P O P 6 T H T H •226 - •210 - -210 - 2J0 - 232 - 0.0 5 1. 3 1. 2 N C 0.1 5 0. 8



### Figur e 4 . Radionuclid e an d as h distributio n summary , sit e M-15 .



# _ JP.4 2

Result s fro

m analysi s o f th e impinge r content s a t the mechanica l collecto r inle t an dscrubbe r outle t samplin g location s ar e give nbelo w an d indicat e tha t little , i f any , o f th e radionuclide s exi t t o atmospher e i nthe vapo r state . Thes e result s ar e discusse dmore full y i nSectio n9 . Emissio nRate , UCi/h r

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 Mechanica l

Collecto r Inle t


### N D N D N D N A 0.0 2 

### N D Scrubbe r

Outle t


### N D N D N D N A 0.0 1 

### N D

N D = No t detectable . N A = N o analysis .



### 3 3SECTIO N 6
SIT E M-3 3

PLAN T DESCRIPTIO N Sit e M-3 3 i s Uni t No . 2 a t th e Bi g grow

nStatio ni nFairfield , Texas , whic hi s operate db y Texa s Utilitie s Company . Uni t No . 2 generate s 59 3 M W (gross ) usin g a pulverize dcoal , dry botto m boile r burnin g Texa s lignit e wit hhig has han dlo w sulfu r content . Particulat e matte r i s remove dfro m th e flu e ga s wit ha cold-sid e electrostati c precipitato r (ESP ) designe dfor 89 + percen t remova l efficiency . A diagram

o f the overal l plan t configuration , includin g locatio no f samplin g points , i s provide di nFigur e 5 . A summary

o f plan t desig n characteristic s i s give ni nTabl e 14 . SAMPLE S COLLECTED
Th e nort han

dsout hduct s a t th e ES P inle t an dth e ES P outle t wer e sample donMa y

28 , 1981 . The sout hinle t duc t an dthe outle t were sample d wit ha Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g System (SASS ) whil e a nAnderse nHigh Capacit y

Samplin g System

(HCSS ) wa s use da t th e nort hinle t duct . A mino r operationa l problem wa s encountere dwit hth e SAS S trai na t the sout hinle t duct ; du e t o hig hnegativ e pressur e an dgrai nloadin g ther e wa s difficult y i n samplin g a t th e prope r flo w rat e (4. 0 cfm) . T o ensur e isokineti c sampling , the nozzl e wa s change dan dthe flo

w rat e lowere dthu s raisin g th e cu t size s i n the SAS S cyclones . Durin g the tes t period , Uni t No . 2 operate da t a naverage load o f 55 3 M

W (gross ) an

da coa l feedrat e o f 43 3 shor t ton/hr . A composit e sampl e o f the incomin g coa l wa s collecte ddurin g the tes t period . Analysi s o f thi s sampl e gav e the followin g results :

Moistur e content , percen t 20. 6 As hcontent , percen t 15. 1 Sulfu r content , percen t 0. 6 Heatin g value , Btu/l b7,95 7
Gra bsample s wer e take na t al l incomin g andoutgoin g stream s and composite dan

dfl y as hsamplin g wa s conducte di nbot hES P inle t duct s an dthe outle t duct . Th e samplin g performe da t th e ES P inle t allowe dfor a naccurate estimatio no f th e boile r bottom as hrate . Althoug hsample s wer e take no f the bottom as hsluic e water , accurat e dat a pertainin g t o th e sluic e wate r rat e



### 3 4

### COMBUSTIO N AI R 

# I

COA L


# t BOTTOM AS H ES P ADDITIV E

BOILE R pc-d a 

## AI

R

FLU E 

## GA S AI R HEATE R 

## s 

# ® N *



### A SID E
B SID E
ES P
A SID E
B SID E 

# I EXHAUS T GA S



## AS H

WATE R AS H

SLUICIN G SYSTE M BOTTOM AS H •* - AND WATE R SAMPLIN GPOINT S (A ) SAS S (5/28/81 ) (§ ) HCS S t5/28/8T ) ©SAS S (5/28/81 )

Figur e 5 . Plan t Flo w Diagra m

- Sit e M-33 .P.45
.

TABL E 14 . DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS , SIT E M-3 3

Boile r typ e Firin g mod e Ag e Manufacture r
Coa l typ e Desig ncoa l feedrat e Electri c generatin g capacit y

Particulat e contro l Desig nefficienc y
Stac k heigh t
Stac k diamete r Desig ntemperatur e
Stac k velocit y Ai r flo

w rat e Bas e load Pulverize dcoal , dr y bottom , tangentially-fire d
1 0 year s Combustio nEngineerin g Lignit e 53 0 ton/h r 59 3 M W (gross ) 57 5 M W (net ) Electrostati c precipitato r 98 * percen t
40 0 f t
24.2 5 t o 2 1 f t
350° F
9 0 ft/se c 2,200,00 0 acfr

a



### 3 6

### wer e no tavailable . As amean s o f estimatin g th e botto m as h sluic e wate r rate , abalanc e wa s performe d aroun d th e boile ro n Th-23 0 an d awate rrat e wa s determine d usin g th e reporte d Th-23 0 activitie s i n th e botto m as h stream . RESULT S Radionuclid e balance s wer e determine d fo reac h o f th e si x radionuclide s base d o n activitie s reporte d b y EPA' s EERF. Al l dat aan d result s fo rSit e M-3 3 ar e presente d i n Appendi x C . The variou s measure d and calculate d value s fo rmas s flo w rates , fl y as h weights , sampl e volumes , etc . ar e show n i n Tabl e C-l . Value s determine d b y calculation , suc h a s botto m as h wate rsluic e rate , ar e indicate d b y an asteris k(*) ; al l othe rvalue s ar e eithe rdirectl y o rindirectl y determine d b y measurement . Table s C- 2 an d C- 3 showth e activit y value s reporte d fo rth e radionuclide s fo ral l samples ; Tabl e C- 2 show s th e actua l dat aobtaine d b y EER F (i.e. , whic h sample s wer e les s tha n backgroun d o rno tcounted ) an d Tabl e C- 3 show s th e value s use d i n th e calculations . The individua l radionuclid e balance s ar e show n i n Tabl e C- 4 wit h result s obtaine d b y usin g activit y measurement s withou tthei rcorrespondin g erro rbands . Tabl e C- 5 present s radionuclid e dat afo rth e ES Pinle tan d th e result s o f th e Th-23 0 balanc e aroun d th e boiler . Lastly , Tabl e C- 6 present s filte rand thimbl e (< 1 ura ) sampl e result s correcte d fo rblan kradioactivity . The dat apresente d i n Appendi x C ar e summarize d i n variou s table s an d discusse d i n th e followin g paragraphs . Extensiv e samplin g enable d determinatio n o f al l as h strea m mas s flo w rate s wit h reasonabl e confidenc e i n thei raccuracy . As h flo wrate s a tth e variou s point s i n th e plan talon g wit h th e associate d percentag e o f th e tota l as h inpu tar e show n i n Tabl e 15 . Th e boile rbotto m as h rat e i s significantl y highe rtha n th e theoretica l valu e (2 0 percen to f th e as h input ) tha twoul d b e expecte d fo rapulverize d coal-fire d boiler . Base d o n th e inle tan d outle t sampling , th e efficienc y (fo rfl y as h removal ) fo rth e ES Pi s abou t9 7 percent . The distributio n o f th e variou s radionuclide s i n th e effluen tas h stream s i s show n i n Tabl e 16 . Coa l account s fo ressentiall y al l o f th e inpu tfo reac h radionuclide . Mos to f th e radionuclide s leav e th e plan ti n th e boile rbotto m as h stream . Fo rradiu m an d (especially ) lead , muc h mor e i s show n leavin g i n th e botto m as h tha n enterin g wit h th e coal . Poloniu m show s th e highes t fraction s i n th e ES Phoppe ras h an d fl y as h stream s (9 7 an d 2. 9 percen to f tota l output , respectively) . Th e distributio n o f th e variou s radionuclide s i n th e stac kfl y as h i s give n i n Tabl e 1 7 a s afunctio n o f particl e size . Mos to f th e fl y as h collecte d wa s >1 0 u m (4 9 percent ) an d i n th e rang e o f 3-1 0 u m (3 6 percent) . Excep tfo rpolonium , mos to f th e radioactivit y wa s foun d i n thes e fractions . Mos to f th e poloniu m detecte d i n th e fl y as h wa s foun d i n th e 1- 3 p m range . A s par to f

th e overal l balanc e analysis , percen tclosure s wer e compute d fo reac h radionuclide ; asummar y o f thes e result s i s presente d i n Tabl e 18 . Th e bes tresult s wer e obtaine d fo rthorium-23 0 (9 9 percent ) whil e th e poores t

3 7

### TABL E 15 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F AS H PARTICULATE , SITE M-3 3

Mas s flo

w rate , g/h

r As hstrea m (percen t o f tota l input )
Inpu t fro m coa l 5. 9 x10 7
Botto m as h3. 9 x10 7 

### (66 )
ES P inlet ash2. 0 x10 7 (34 )
ES P hopper as

h1. 9 x10 7 (32.8 ) Fl y as h5. 7 x10 5 (1.0 )



### 3 8TABL E 16 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE

S IN ASH , SIT E M-3 3

Radionuclid e inpu tfro m coal , yCi/h r (percen to f Radionuclid e tota l input ) Radionuclid e distributio n i n ash , uCi/h r(percen to f tota l output )

Botto m As h Ashremove d Ashrelease

d b y ES P t

o atmosphere

Uranium-23 8

Radium-22 6

Polonium-21 0

Lead-21 0

Thorium-23 0

Thorium-23 2 44 0 (100 )
44 0 (100 )
44 0 (100 )
44 0 (100 )
39 3 (100 )
28 3 (100 ) 29 4

(81 )
58 5 (88 )
0 (0 ) 1,05 4 (90 )
32 8 (84 )
22 1 (84 ) 6 8

(19 )
7 8 (12 )
13 1 (97 )
10 8 (9.3 )
6 1 (16 )
4 1 (16 ) 2. 4

(0.7 )
2. 3 (0.4 )
3. 9 (2.9 )
5. 2 (0.4 )
2. 1 (0.5 )
1. 4 (0.5 )

3 9

### o TABL E 17 . DISTRIBUTION OF RADIONUCLIDE S I N STAC KFL YASH , SIT E M-3 3

Stac k fl y

as h Radionuclid e emissio nrate , uCi/h r (percen t o f tota l emission ) Percen t Siz e Weight , o f tota l fraction , (um ) (mg ) weigh t U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

>1 0 3,22 4 4 9

3-1 0 2,40 0 3 6

1- 3 86 9 1 3

< 1 13 0 2

Tota l 6,62 2
Percen t o f tota l plan t radionuclid e outpu t 

### 0. 7 (32 ) 

### 0. 9 (40 ) 

### 0. 5 (21 ) 

### 0. 2 (7.4 ) 

### 2. 4
(0.7 ) 

### 1. 2

(51 ) 

### 0. 8 (34 ) 

### 0. 3 (12 ) 0.0 9 (3.7 ) 

### 2. 3
(0.4 ) 

### 0.0 3

(0.9 ) 

### 1. 1 (27 ) 

### 1. 7 (43 ) 

### 1. 1 (29 ) 

### 3. 9
(2.9 ) 

### 2. 3

(44 ) 

### 2. 2 (43 ) 

### 0. 7 (13 ) 0 

### (0 ) 5. 2
(0.4 ) 

### 0. 9

(45 ) 

### 0. 7 (36 ) 

### 0. 3 (13 ) 

### 0. 1 (5.6 ) 

### 2. 1
(0.5 ) 

### 0. 6

(42 ) 

### 0. 5 (37 ) 

### 0. 2 (14 ) 

### 0. 1 (7.0 ) 

### 1. 4
(0.5 )P.5 0



### result s wer e obtaine d fo rlea d (26 5 percent ) an d radiu m (15 0 percent) . Th e primar y reaso n fo rth e hig h closure s o n lea d an d radiu m wer e th e hig h acttiwitti.e s whic h wer e reporte d fo rth e botto m as h stream . Percen tclosure s fo rtt& e ©tthe rthre e radionuclide s wer e 83 , 31 , an d 9 3 percen tfo ruranium , polomininn , an d thorium-232 , respectively . Closur e dat apresente d i n Appemdli x C , Tabl e C-4 , ar e fo rresult s usin g actua l activit y measurement s witt&uwn tth e erro rdata . TABL E 18 . CLOSUR

E DAT A FO RRADIONUCLID

E BALANCES

, SITE M-3 3

Percen tclosure—(pCi/h rout-s-pCi/h rin)x(100 ) Kadionuclid e balanc e U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

1 . Measure d activitie s use d 82. 8 15 1 30. 6 26 5 99. 4 93. 2 withou t2-sigm aerro r value s 2 . Measure d activitie s use d 92. 9 14 5 32. 4 43 1 111. 4 106. 5 wit h maximu

m positiv e 2-sigm aerro r 3 . Measure d activitie s use d 70. 3 15 8 28. 4 60. 7 85. 6 77. 7 wit h Maximu

m negativ e 2-sigp aerro r

A n overal l summar

y o f th e fat e o f

eac h o f

th e radionuclide s i s presente d i n Figur e 6 . I n general , closure s aroun d th e ES Pwer e quit e goo d althoug h soa e poloniu m i s unaccounte d for . Closure s aroun d th e boile rar e rathe rpoo r an d i twoul d appea rtha tlevel s reporte d i n th e botto m as h ar e probabl y th e mos tinaccurate . Enrichmen tfactor s determine d fro m th e reporte d dat aar e a s follows :

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 

### 0. 6

0. 6 0. 9 1. 2 0. 5 0. 5

4 1COAL, 3- 9 x 10 ° g/ h ASH , 5- 9 x 10 ' g/h r

8 g/h r

RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 8 - IxIxO RA-22 6 - 44 0 PO-21 0 - 44 0 PB-21 0 - 44 0 TH-23 0 - 393 TH-23 2 - 283 BOILE R ASH , 2. 0 x10 ' g/h r

RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 8 RA-22 6 PO-21 0 PB-21 0 TH-23 0 TH-23 2 6 6

7 1 8 5 10 6 6 5 4 4 ELECTROSTATI C

PRECIPITATO

R FL

YASH , 5. 7 x10 ^ g/h r
RADIONUCLIDE S (uCu/hr ) U-23 8 - 2. 4 RA-22 6 - 2. 3 PO-21 0 - 3. 9 PB-21 0 - 5. 2 TH-23 0 - 2. 1 TH-23 2 - 1.<

»

BOTTO M ASH , 3- 9 x10 ' g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 8 - RA-22 6 - PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TH-23 0 - TH-23 2 - ' 29 4

58 5 0 1,05 4 32 8 221 ES P ASH , 1. 9
RADIONUCLIDE S U-23 8 - RA-22 6 - PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TH-23 0 - TH-23 2 - x10 ' g/h

r (wCI/hr ) 6 8 7 8 13 1 10 8 6 1 4 1

Figur e 6 . Radionuclid e an dAs hDistributio nSummary , Sit e M-33 ,P.5 2



### Result s fro manalysi s o f th e impinge r

content s a t

th e ES Pinle t an d outle t samplin g location s ar e give nbelo w an dindicat e tha t little , i f

any , o f th e radionuclide s exi t t o atmospher e i nth e vapo r state
. Thes e result s ar e discusse dmor

e full y i n Sectio n9

. Emissio nRate , Ci/h r

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 ES P



### Inle t 0 . 1 N D 0 . 3 N D N D N D ES P



### Outle t N D N D N D N D N D N D



### N D = No t detectable

.

43SECTIO K?
SIT E M-34 :

PLAN T DESCRIPTIO N Sit e M-3 4 i s Uni t No . 3 a t Monticell o Generatin g Statio ni nMt . Pleasant , Texas , whic hi s operate db y Texa s Utilitie s Company . Uni t No . 3 generate s 80 0 M W (gross ) usin g a Babcoc k an dWilcox , tangentially-fired , pulverize dcoal , dry-bottom boile r burnin g Texa s lignit e wit hhighas han

dlo w sulfu r content . Flu e ga s cleanin g i s accomplishe dwit h a nelectrostati c precipitato r (ESP ) an da we t limeston e scrubber . Flu e ga s exitin g th e boile r passe s througha nai r heate r befor e enterin g the ES P throughtw

o ducts . Tn e ga s stream exit s the ES P throughfour duct s an denter s the limeston e scrubbe r befor e dischargin g throughon e duc t to the stack . A schemati c diagram o f th e plan t configuration , includin g locatio no f samplin g points , i s provide di nFigur e 7 . A summary

o f plan t desig n characteristic s i s give ni nTabl e 19 . SAMPLE S COLLECTE D Samplin g wa s conducte di nthe outle t duc t t o the stac k an di non e o f th e four scrubbe r inle t duct s o nJun e 4 , 1981 . A Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g System (SASS ) followe db y a nAnderse nHighCapacit y Samplin g System

(HCSS ) wer e use da t th e scrubbe r inle t duc t whil e a SAS S trai nfollowe db y a Metho d5 trai nwere use da t th e scrubbe r outlet . A grea t dea l o f difficult y wa s encountere dwhil e samplin g a t thi s site . Th e requiremen t tha t GC A personne l b e ef f th e sit e by 6 p.m. , frequen t thunderstorms , losse s o f power , an d equipmen t problem s al l adversel y affecte dth e overal l samplin g program . A t th e scrubbe r inlet , problem s wit hthe dr y ga s mete r were encountere dan dthe SAS S ru nwa s terminate dan dcontinue dwit hthe Anderse nHCSS . Los s o f electrica l powe r a t th e 300-f t leve l o f the-stac k als o force da terminatio no f the outle t SAS S ru nnecessitatin g completio nwit hthe Metho d5 train . Consequently , th e require dsampl e volume s wer e no t collecte da t eithe r location . Uni t No . 3 operate da t anaverag e loa do f 72 2 M W (gross ) an

da coa l feed rat e o f 64 6 shor t ton/h r durin g the tes t period .
A composit e sampl e o f the incomin g coa l wa s collecte d durin g th e tes t period . Analysi s o f thi s sampl e gav e the followin g results :



### 4 4

### COAL . BOILE R p"c-d a

BOTTOM AS H COMBUSTIO N AI R

-mt- 

## AI R

FLU E GAS .

-* ^ 

# 1

AI R HEATE R 

## ES P LIMESTON E

WATE R



# t
ES P AS H & 

# 1

WE T LIMESTON E SCRUBBE R

SPEN T SLUDG E EXHAUS T GA S

Figur e 7 . Plan t Flo w Diagra m

- Sit e M-34 . SAMPLINGPOINT S

( A ) SAS S FOLLOWE D BYHCS S (6/4/81 ) ( ? ) SAS S an

dMetho d5 (6/4/81 )P.5 5

TABL E 19 . DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS , SIT E M-3 4

Boile r typ e Firin g mode Ag e Manufacture r Coa l typ e Desig ncoa l feedrat e Exces s ai r Electri c generatin g capacit y

Particulat e contro l Desig nefficienc y Flu e ga s desulfurizatio nsystem Desig nefficienc y Recirculatio nrat e Mak e u prat e Discharg e rat e Reactan t concentratio n
Stac k heigh t Stac k diamete r Temperatur e Velocit y Ai r flo

w rat e Bas e Load Pulverize dcoal , dry bottom , tangentially fired 197 8 Babcoc k an

dWilco x Texa s lignit e 71 6 ton/h r 3 percen t
80 0 M W (gross ) 75 0 M W (net ) 

### Col d sid e ES

P Unknow n
we tlimeston e 7 4 percen t 16,00 0 gpm/pump , 1 2 pump s 5,58 5 gp

m tota l slurr y 5,58 5 gp

m tota l slurry 8 percen t
60 0 f t 2 8 ft , 5 " t o 2 5 f t 215° F 8 8 ft/se c 3. 3 x10 6 acf m



### 4 6

### Moistur e content , percen t 21. 1 As hcontent , percen t 23. 1 Sulfu r content , percen t

0.4 9 Beatin g value , Btu/l b 6,73 8 Gra b sample s wer e take n an dcomposite da t al l incomin g an doutgoin g wit hth e exceptio no f th e ES Phoppe r

as hstream
. (I n th e absenc e o f radionuclid e dat afo r th e ES Phoppe r

as hstream , activitie s reporte dfo r th e GP S as hfro mSit e M-3 3 wer e use dsinc e th e plan t configuration s u p t o th e ESP , tin e boile r

type , an dth e fue l burne dar e al l similar)

. Sinc e n o samplin g wa s performe da t

th e ES Pinlet , th e boile r botto mas hrate , th e ES Pas hinle t ratte , an dth e ES Phoppe r as hrat e wer e al l estimate db y assumin g th e botto m asl n rat e wa s 2 0 percen t o f tota l as hinput

. I n addition , sinc e onl y on e o f Sou r scrubbe r

inle t duct s wa s sampled , th e tota l -fl y as hrat e a t th e scrubbe r imle t wa s estimate db y multiplyin g th e as hrat e measure di n th e sample dduc t b y tb e rati o o f

tota l flo w i n th e outle t duc t t o tota l flo w i n th e sample d imle t duct

. N

o informatio n wa s availabl e fro mth e plan t t o ai di n furthe r definin g an y o f

thes e fl y as hstreams
. RESULTS Mas s balance s wer e determine dfo r eac ho f

th e si x radionuclide s base do n activitie s reporte db y EPA' s EERF

. Al l dat aan dresult s fo r Sit e M-3 4 ar e presente di n Appendi x D

. Th e variou s measure dan dcalculate dvalue s fo r mas s flo w rates , fl y as hweights , sampl e volumes , etc
. ar e show n i n Tabl e D-l

. Value s determine db y calculatio n a r e indicate db y a nasterisk(*) ; al l othe r value s ar e eithe r

directl y o r indirectl y determine db y measurement
. Table s D- 2 an dD- 3 sho w th e activit y Measurement s reporte db y th e EP A laborator y (i.e. , whic hsample s wer e les s tba n backgroun do r

no t counted ) an dth e value s use di n th e calculations , respectively

. Individua l radionuclid e balanc e result s ar e show n i n Tabl e D- 4 whil e Tabl e D- 5 present s radionuclid e dat afo r th e scrubbe r

inlet

. Finally , Tabl e D- 6 present s filte r an dthimbl e (< 1 pm ) sampl e result s correcte dfo r blan k radioactivity

. Th e dat apresente di n Appendi x D ar e summarize di n variou s table s an ddiscusse di n th e followin g paragraphs

. Dae t o th e lac k

o f samplin g i n al l collecto r inle t duct s an dth e aforementione dsamplin g problem s encountered , th e result s obtaine dar e les s accurat e tha n thos e fo r th e firs t

thre e site s discusse d(M-l , M-15 , an d M-33) . As hflo w rate s a t th e variou s point s i n th e plan t alon g wit hth e associate dpercentag e o f th e tota l as hinpu t ar e show n i n Tabl e 20

. Base do n th e samplin g conducte dan dth e variou s assumption s made , th e fl y as hremova l efficienc y fo r

th e ES Pi s 99. 9 percen t whil e tha t

fo r th e scrubbe r

i s 7 4 percent
.

47

### TABLE 20 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F AS H PARTICULATE , SITE M-3 4

Mas s flo

w rate , g/h

r As hstrea m (percen t o f tota l input )
Inpu t fro m coa l 1. 4 x10 8
Botto m as h2. 7 x10 7 (20 ) ES Pinle tas h 1.08 4 x 10 8 (80 ) ES Phoppe ras h 1.08 3 x 10 8 (79.9 ) Scrubbe rinle tas h 1. 1 x 10 ^ (0.01 ) Scrubbe ras h 8. 1 x 10 ^ (0.06 ) Fl y as h 2. 8 x 10 * (0.02 )

4 8

### Th e distributio n o f th e variou s radionuclide s i n th e effluen tas h stream s i s show n i n Tabl e 21 . Coa l account s fo ressentiall y al l o f th e inpu tfo reac h radionuclid e wit h amino ramoun tbein g contribute d b y th e limeston e adde d t o th e scrubber . Mos to f th e radionuclide s leav e th e plan ti n th e ES Pan d botto m as h stream s whil e ver y mino ramount s ar e remove d b y th e scrubbe ro rrelease d t o th e atmosphere . Th e distributio n o f th e variou s radionuclide s i n th e stac kfl y as h i s give n i n Tabl e 2 2 a s afunctio n o f particl e size . Becaus e o f th e note d stac k samplin g problems , lo wsampl e volume s an d correspondingl y lo w fl y as h weight s wer e collected . Accordingly , th e radionuclid e emission s wer e quit e small . Emission s o f

lea d an d radiu m wer e th e highes to f th e si x radionuclides . A s par to f

th e overal l balanc e analysis , percen tclosure s wer e compute d fo reac h radionuclide ; asummar y o f thes e result s i s presente d i n Tabl e 23 . Th e closur e percentage s obtaine d wer e generall y poor ; fo rpoloniu m an d lea d abou tthree-fourth s o f th e materia l wa s accounte d fo rwhil e fo rth e remainin g radionuclides , onl y abou tone-hal f wa s detecte d i n th e effluen tstreams . Closur e dat apresente d i n Appendi x D , Tabl e D- 4 ar e fo rresult s obtaine d b y usin g activit y measurement s withou tthei rcorrespondin g erro rbands . A n overal l summar

y o f th e fat e o f

eac h radionuclid e i s presente d i n Figur e 8 . Sinc e n o ES Pinle tdat awer e available , th e rate s indicate d a tth e boile routle twer e determine d b y difference . Du e t o th e fac ttha t radionuclide s wer e no tcounte d i n th e ES Phoppe rash , activitie s fo rth e ES P as h wer e assume d t o b e th e sam e a s thos e fo rSit e M-33 . Sinc e mos to f th e radionuclide s ar e unaccounte d fo raroun d th e ESP , i ti s likel y tha tactua l ES P hoppe ras h activitie s ar e highe rtha n indicated . A balanc e aroun d th e scrubbe rals o indicate s poo rclosur e an d i s possibl y attribute d t o th e fac t tha tonl y on e o f

fou rinle tduct s wa s sampled . Althoug h tota l ai rflo w an d fl y as h rat e fo rth e scrubbe rinle twer e estimate d i n proportio n t o th e tota l flo w measure d i n th e outle tan d inle tducts , i ti s likel y tha tth e flo w o f as h (an d hence , radionuclides ) throug h th e fou rinle tduct s i s significantl y different . Thus , th e estimate d efficiencie s fo rbot h particulat e collector s ar e probabl y inaccurate . Enrichmen tfactor s determine d fo reac h o f th e radionuclide s ar e a s follows : U-23 8

Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 

### 1. 2

2. 5 2. 5 2 2 

### 1. 1 1. 5

4 9

### TABLE 21 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE S I

N ASH , SITE M-3 4

O 

### Radionuclid e
Uranium-23 8

Radium-22 6

Polonium-21 0

Lead-21 0

Thorium-23 0

Thorium-23 2 Radionuclid e Inpu t fro m coal , uCi/h

r (percen t of tota l input )

97 4 (99.6 ) 97 4 (99.6 ) 97 4 (99.6 ) 97 4 (99.6 ) 93 3 (99.6 ) 65 1 (99.9 ) Botto m as h

7 3 (16 ) 10 0 (19 ) 0 (0 ) 12 4 (17 ) 6 9 (17 ) 5 4 (19 ) Radionuclid e distributio

ni n MCi/h r (percen

t of tota l ou

t
As hremove

d b y ES P

38 1 (84 ) 43 3 (81 ) 72 9 (100 ) 60 2 (83 ) 33 9 (83 ) 23 0 (81 ) As hremove d b y scrubber
0.0 8 (0.02 ) 0.0 8 (0.01 ) 0 (0 ) 0 (0 ) 0.0 6 (0.01 ) 0.00 5 (0 ) ash , put )
As h t o release

d atmosphere
0. 2 (0.05 ) 0. 5 (0.1 ) 0. 5 (0.07 ) 4. 3 (0.6 ) 0. 2 (0.05 ) 0. 2 (0.07 )

### TABLE 22 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE S I

N STAC KFL YASH , SITE M-3 4

Stack fly

ash Radionuclid e emissio

nrate , uCi/h

r (percen

t of tota l emission ) Percent Siz e Weight , of tota l fraction , (um ) (mg ) weigh t U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

U I 

### >1 0

3-1 0



### 1- 3

< 1 4 0

7 2

4 2

2 6 2 2

4 0

2 3

1 5 0.0 1 (5.5 ) 0.0 5 (20 ) 0.0 5 (19 ) 0. 1 (56 ) 0. 1

(21 ) 0. 1 (24 ) 0. 1 (20 ) 0.1 8 (35 ) 0.0 3

(6.7 ) 0 (0 ) 0 (0 ) 0. 5 (93 ) 1. 4

(33 ) 1. 8 (43 ) 1. 0 (24 ) 0 (0 ) 0.0 2

(11 ) 0.0 5 (24 ) 0.0 2 (10 ) 0. 1 (56 ) 0.00 4

(2.1 ) 0.0 2 (11 ) 0.0 2 (10 ) 0.1 5 (77 )
Tota l 

### 18 0 0. 2 0. 5 0. 5 4. 3 0. 2 0. 2
Percen t of tota l plan

t radionuclid

e outpu t (0.05 ) (0.1 ) (0.07 ) (0.6 ) (0.05 ) (0.07 )P.6 1



### TABL E 23 . CLOSUR

E DAT A FO RRADIONUCLID

E BALANCES , SITE M-3 4

Percen t closure—(pCi/h r out+pCi/h r in)x(100 ) Radionuclide balanc e U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

1 - Measuredactivitie s use d46. 5 54. 6 74. 6 74. 7 43. 6 43. 7 vithou t 2-sigm

a erro r value s 2 . Measuredactivitie s use d46. 9 50. 5 78. 9 86. 3 43. 5 43. 6 wit hmaximu

m positiv

e 2—sigra a erro r 3 . Measuredactivitie s use d46. 0 59. 7 69. 3 60. 5 43. 7 43. 8 wit hmaximu

m negativ

e 2-sigm a erro r



### 5 2ES P IMLE TASH , 1.08 * x 10 ° g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S faCI/hr) (ESTIMATE D - 6 V DlFfERENCE )

U-23 8 - 50 1 RA-22 6 - 87 * PO-21 0 - 97 * PB-21 0 - 85 0 TH-23 0 - 86 * TH-23 2 - 59 7 SCRUBBE R INLE TASH , 1. 1 xIO 5 g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (pCI/hr )

U-23 8 - RA-22 6 - PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TH-2J 0 - TH-23 2 - 5. 8

2 8 3 1 * * 6 3. 8 WATER , 1. 1 x 10 s 1/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 0.0 2 RA-22 6 - 0.0 2 PO-21 0 - 0 PB-21 0 - 0 TH-23 0 - 0.0 1 TH-23 2 - 0.00 5 LIMESTONE , 6. 8 x 1 0 g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr )

1* > COAL , 5. 9 x 10 ° g/h r

ASH , 1. * x IO 8 g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr )
U-23 8 - 97 * RA-22 6 - 97 * PO-21 0 - J7 * PB-21 0 - 97 * TH-23 0 - 93 3 TH-23 2 - 65 1 FLYASH , 2. 8 x 1 0 g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 0. 2 RA-22 6 - 0. 5 PO-21 0 - 0. 5 PB-21 0 - *. 3 TH-23 0 - 0. 2 TH-23 2 - 0. 2
BOTTO M ASH , 2. 7 RADIONUCLIDE

S U-23 8 - RA-22 6 - PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TH-23 0 - TH-23 2 - x 10 ' g/ 1

(uCI/hr ) 7 3 to o 0 12 * 6 9 5 * ES P ASN , 1.08 3 x 10 s g/h r RADIONUCLIDE

S (uCI/hr ) U-2J 8 - 38 1 RA-22 6 - *3 f PO-21 0 - 72 : PB-21 0 - 60 : TH-23 0 - 33 ! TH-23 2 - 231 SCRUBBE R ASN , 8. 1 x 10 ' g/h r RADIONUCLIDE

S (llCI/hr ) U-23 8 - 0.0 8 RA-22 6 - 0.0 8 PO-21 0 - 0 PB-21 0 - 0 TH-23 0 - 0.0 6 TH-23 2 - 0.00 5



### Figur e 8
. Radionuclid e an d As h Distributio n Summary , Sit e M-34
.P.6 3



### Result s fro m analysi s o f th e impinge rcontent s a tth e scrubbe rinle tan d outle tsamplin g location s ar e give n belo w an d indicat e tha tlittle , i f any , o f th e radionuclide s exi tt o atmospher e i n th e vapo rstate . Thes e result s ar e discusse d more full y i n Sectio n 9 . Emissio n Rate , uCi/h r

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 Scrubbe r

Inle t N D N D 0. 4 N D N D N D Scrubbe r

Outle t 9 a N D N D N D N D N D

N D = No tdetectable .

a 

### Valu e fo rU-23 8 i n scrubbe r outle tis-mos tlikel y erroneous .

54P.6 4

SECTION

8
SIT E M-9 9

PLAN T DESCRIPTIO N Sit e M-9 9 i s Uni t Ito . 2 a t the R . M . Hesket t Statio ni nMandan , Nort h Dakota , whic hi s operate db y Montan a an

dDakot a Utilitie s Company . Uni t No . 2 generate s 7 5 M W (gross ) usin g a travelin g grate , stoker-fire d boile r burnin g Nort hDakot a lignit e wit hmediu m as han

dmediu

m sulfu r content . Particulat e contro l consist s o f a mechanica l collecto r followe dby a nelectrostati c precipitator .
A diagram

o f th e overal l plan t configuration , includin g locatio no f samplin g points , i s provide di nFigur e 9 . A summary

o f plan t desig n characteristic s i s give ni nTabl e 24 . SAMPLE S COLLECTED Samplin g wa s performe da t th e inle t andoutle t o f th e ES P o nMa y 4 , 1981 . Samplin g wa s conducte di nthe wes t inle t duc t an doutle t duc t usin g the Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g Syste m (SASS ) an

di nthe eas t inle t duc t usin g th e Anderse nHighCapacit y Samplin g Syste

m (HCSS) . Uni t No . 2 operate da t a n averag e loa do f 6 2 M W (gross ) an

da coa l feedrat e o f 48. 6 shor t ton/h r durin g th e samplin g period .
A composit e sampl e o f th e incomin g coa l wa s collecte ddurin g th e tes t period . Analysi s o f thi s sampl e gave the followin g results :

Moistur e content , percen t 27. 2

4a. Ash'content , percen t 9.0 3
Sulfu r content , percen t 1.0 4 Heatin g value , Btu/l b7,48 0 Gra bsample s wer e take na t al l incomin g an doutgoin g stream s and composite dan

dthes e an

dal l fl y

as hsample s wer e sen t t o the EP A Laborator y i nLa s Vega s for radionuclid e analysis . Sinc e n o samplin g wa s performe da t th e mechanica l collecto r inlet , the boile r bottom as hrat e wa s take nt o be 6 0 percen t o f tota l as hinpu t (a s suggeste db y plan t personnel) .



### 5 5XJX O v 

# I

COA L * - BOILE

R (T.G . STOKER ) 

# I

BOTTO M AS H COMBUSTIO N AIR

MECHANICA

L COLLECTO

R 

# T AIR

HEATE R



## AS H 

# T

AI R EXHAUS T GA S 

# ( D a


# ® ES

P

AS H

SAMPLIN GPOINT S ®HCS S (5A/81 ) (S ) SAS S (5A/81 ) ©SAS S (5/V81 )

Figure 9 . Plan

t Flo w Diagra m - Sit e M-99 .P.6 6



### TABL E 24
. DESIG

NCHARACTERISTICS , SIT E M-9 9

Boile r typ e Firing mod e Ag e Manufacture r Coa l typ e Design coa l feed rat e N A Traveling grat e stoke r N A N A Lignit e 58. 5 ton/h

r
Electri c generating capacit y 7 5 m w(gross ) 7 0 m w(net )

Particulat e contro l Design efficienc y Mechanica l collecto r an d ES P M C - NA ; ES P - 98. 5 percent

Stac k heigh t Stac k diamete r Temperatur e Stac k velocit y Ai r flo wrat e

• • • —

il l • — w~-m — P • • i —»—-•••"*•• ' 

### N A = Dat ano t

available

. 30 0 ft

. 13. 5 ft

. 320° F 4 2 ft/se c 360,26 0 acf

m

57ttES©05 Radionuclid e balance s wer e determine daroundthe plan t for eac ho f th e radionuclide s excep t lead . Th e La s Vega s laborator y doe s no t hav e the capabilit y

fo r Pb-21 0 analysi s and , therefore , n o value s wer e reporte dfor an y © f ttflse samples .
M l dat a andresult s fo r Sit e M-9 9 ar e presente di nAppendi xE . Th e variou s measure dan dcalculate dvalue s for mas s flo w rates , fly

as hweights , sampl e volumes , etc . ar e show ni nTabl e E-l . Value s determine db y calculatio n (botto m as hrate , cyclone inle t as hrat e andhoppe r discharge rate , an d cyclon e efficiency ) are indicate db y a nasteris k (*) ; al l othe r value s ar e eithe r directl y

o r indirectl y

determine dby

measurement . Table s E- 2 an dE- 3 sho w the activit y

value s a s reporte dby th e EPA

laborator y

(i.e. , whic h sample s wer e les s tha nbackgroun do r no t counted ) an da s use di nth e calculations , respectively . Tabl e E- 4 show s th e individua l radionuclid e balanc e result s while Tabl e E- 5 show s radionuclid e rate s a s measure da t the ES P inlet . Finally , Tabl e E- 6 present s filte r an d thimbl e (< 1 pm ) sampl e result s correcte dfor blan k radioactivity . The dat a presente dinAppendi xE ar c summarize d i nvariou s table s an ddiscusse d i nth e followin g paragraphs .
As hflo

w rate s a t the variou s point s i nthe plan t alon g wit hthe associate dpercentag e o f th e tota l as hinpu t ar e show ni nTabl e 25 . As state d earlier , th e boile r botto m as hrat e wa s estimate da t 6 0 percen t o f tota l as h inpu t t o allo w

for determinatio no f cyclone inle t an dcyclon e hoppe r as h rates . Base do nthi s assumptio nan dth e samplin g conducte da t the ES P inle t aa doutlet , the efficienc y (fo r fl y

as hremoval ) fo r the mechanica l collecto r i s abou t 7 1 percen t whil e tha t fo r th e ES P i s abou t 9 6 percent . Th e distributio no f th e variou s radionuclide s i nthe effluen t as hstream s and th e percentag e o f tota l inpu t o r outpu t i s show ni nTabl e 26 . Coa l i s the onl y source o f incomin g materia l for eac ho f th e radionuclides . Mos t o f th e radionuclide s ar e remove di nthe boile r botto m as han

das hremove db

y th e cyclone , althoug hmos t o f th e poloniu m wa s foun

di nth e as hdischarge dint o the ES P hopper . Poloniu m als o show s th e highes t fractio no f an y radionuclid e i nth e fl y

as hrelease dt o atmospher e (5. 2 percent) . Mos t o f th e radiu m foun d i nthe outpu t wa s detecte di nthe cyclone : hoppe r ash . The distributio no f th e variou s radionuclide s i nth e stac k fly as hi s give ni nTabl e 2 7 a s a functio no f particl e size . Excep t for poloniu m (mos t o f whic hwa s foun di nthe >1 0 pm

fraction ) mos t o f eac ho f th e radionuclide s we s foundi nthe < 1 ym particl e siz e fraction - eve nthoughthi s fractio n accounte dfo r onl y 1 7 percen t o f th e tota l fly as hcollected . Al l radionuclide s ar e emitte da t rate s les s tha n1 uCi/hr . Percen t closure s compute dfo r eac hradionuclid e a s par t o f th e overal l analysi s ar e show ni nTabl e 28 . Ingeneral , the closure result s ar e poo r due t o th e highl y

variabl e result s reporte dfor coa l activities . Wherea s secula r equilibriu

m woul dnormall y

b e assume dfo r al l o f the radionuclide s excep t Th-232 , th e activitie s measure d by th e La s Vega s laborator y fo r the coa l sampl e range dfro

m 0.2 5 t o 1. 5 pCi/g . Th e bes t closure wa s obtaine dfo r uraniu m (4 6 percent ) whil e th e wors t result s wer e foundfor thorium-23 0 (~1 3 percent) .

5 8P.6 8



### TABL E 25 . DISTRIBUTIO

N O F AS H PARTICULATE , SITE M-9 9

Mas s flo

w rate , g/h

r As hstrea m (percen t o f tota l input )

Inpu t fro m co a 1 4. 0 x10 6
Botto m as h2. 4 x10 & (60 ) Cyclon e i nlet as h1. 6 x10 & (40 ) Cyclon e hoppe r as

h1. 1 x10 ^ (28 )
ES P inlet as

h4. 5 x10 3 (12 )
ES P hopper as

h4. 3 x10 5 (11 ) Fl y ash0. 2 x10 5 (1.0 )



### 5 9TABL E 26 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE S I N ASH , SIT E M-9 9

o » o 

### Radionuclid e

Uranium-23 8

Radium-22 6

Polonium-21 0

Lead-21 0 Thorium-23 0

Thorium-23 2 Radionuclid e inpu t fro m coal , yCi/h

r (percen t of tota l input )

1 5 (100 ) 1 1 (100 ) 3 4 (100 )
No t counte

d in 6 5 (100 ) 1 8 (100 ) Botto m ash

3. 1 (46 )
No t counte d 2. 1 (21 )

an y sample s 4. 8 (55 ) 1. 6 (40 ) Radionuclid e distributio

n UCi/h r (percen

t of tota l
As hremove

d b y cyclon e

3. 0 (43 ) 3. 6 (84 ) 1. 4 (14 )

3. 1 (36 ) 2. 0 (49 ) As hremove d b y ES P

0. 8 (11 ) 0. 7 (15 ) 6. 0 (60 )

0. 8 (8.9 ) 0. 4 (10 ) inash ,

output ) Fly t o ashrelease

d atmosphere

0.0 1 (0.2 ) 0.0 2 (0.6 ) 0. 5 (5.2 )

0.0 1 (0.2 ) 0.0 1 (0.3 )

### TABLE 27 . DISTRIBUTIO N O F RADIONUCLIDE S I

N STAC KFL YASH , SITE M-9 9

Stac k fl y ash Radionuclid e emissio

nrate , uCi/h

r (percen

t of tota l emission ) Percen t Siz e Weight , o f tota l fraction , (pm ) (mg ) weigh t U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2



### >1 0

3-1 0



### 1- 3

<1 1,44 7



### 44 1

31 2

45 0 5 5

1 7

1 2

1 7 0.00 3

(21 ) 0.000 7 (5.7 ) 0.000 7 (5.3 ) 0.00 8 (68 ) 0.00 9

(38 ) 0.00 2 (7.9 ) 0.00 3 (12 ) 0.0 1 (41 ) 0. 3

(54 ) 0.0 9 (18 ) 0.0 6 (12 ) 0.0 8 (16 ) 0.00 2 (15 ) 0.00 1 (11 ) 0.00 1 (8.6 ) 0.00 8 (66 ) 0.00 2

(18 ) 0.000 6 (5.2 ) 0.000 4 (3.8 ) 0.00 8 (73 )
Tota l 2,65 0 0.0 1 0.0 2 

### 0. 5 0.0 1 0.0 1
Percen t of tota l plan

t radionuclid

e output (0.2 ) (0.6 ) (5.2 ) (0.2 ) (0.3 )P.7 1

TABL E 28 . CLOSUR E DAT A FO RRADIONUCLID E BALANCES , SIT E M-9 9

Percen t closure—(pCi/h r ou t - V pCi/h r in)x(100 ) Radionuclid e balanc e U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

1 . Measure dactivitie s use d 45. 6 39. 3 28. 9 — 13. 2 22. 5 withou t 2-sigm

a erro r value s
2 . Measure dactivitie s use d 45. 6 39. 4 29. 2 — 13. 1 22. 6 wit hmaximu

m positiv e 2-sigm a erro r 3 . Measure dactivitie s use d45. 5 39. 2 28. 7 — 13. 2 22. 5 wit hmaximu

m negative 2-sigm a erro r



### 6 2P.7 2

A noveral l summary o f th e fat e o f eac ho f the radionuclide s i s presente d i nFigur e 10 . I ngeneral , goodclosure s ar e show naroundthe ESP , thus , indicatin g tha t the particulat e samplin g an dradionuclid e analysi s wa s accurate . Muc ho f th e materia l i s unaccounte dfo r i nthe cyclon e catc h possibl y

du e t o the fac t tha t the cyclon e inle t dat a wa s determine dby difference . Base do nthe good closure s aroundth e ESP , i t i s believe dtha t the poo r overal l closure s ar e du e t o the excessivel y hig hvalue s reporte dfor coa l activity . Enrichmen t factor s compute dfor eac hradionuclid e ar e a s follows : U-23 8 - 0. 2
Ra-22 6 - 0. 4
Po-21 0 - 3. 0
Th-23 0 - 0.0 4
Th-23 2 - 0. 1
Result s fro

m analysi s o f th e impinge r content s a t th e ES P inle t an

d outle t samplin g location s ar e give nbelo w an dindicat e tha t little , i f any , o f th e radionuclide s exi t t o atmospher e i nth e vapo r state . Thes e result s are discusse dmor e full y i nSectio n9 . Emissio nRate , PCi/h r



### U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2 ES P



### Inle t 0.0 3 0.0 2 <0.0 6 N A 

### 0.00 4 0.00 8 ES P



### Outle t N D N D N D N A N D N D

ND = No t detectable . N A = N o analysis .



### 6 3CYCLON E INLE T ASH , 1. 6 x 1 0 g/h r
RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) (ESTIMATE D B Y DIFFERENCE ) ES P INLE T ASH , 4. 5 x 10 ' g/h r
RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-2J 8 RA-22 6 PO-21 0 PB-21 0 TH-23 0 TH-23 2 3 2

N C 6 0 1 6

COAL , *. * x IO 7 g/hr ASH , *. 0 x 10 ° g/h r

RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr )

o > U-23 8 - 1 5

RA-22 6 - 1 1 PO-21 0 - 3 * P8-21 0 - N

C TH-23 0 - 6 5 TH-23 2 - <I 8 U RAPOPB 23 8 - 22 6 - 21 0 - 21 0 - TH-23 0 - RH - 23 2 " •0. 5

0. 8 4. 5 N C 0. 6 0. 5

CYCLON E • ES P

"
BOTTO M ASH
. 2.' I x10 ° g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 8 - 3. 1 RA-22 6 - N

C PO-21 0 - <2. 1 PB-21 0 - N

C TH-23 0 - *. 8 TH-23 2 - 1. 6 CYCLON E ASH , l. l x 1 0 g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 8 - 3. 0 RA-22 6 - 3. 6 PO-21 0 - 1. 4 PB-21 0 - N

C TH-23 0 - 3. 1 TH-23 2 - 2. 0 ES P ASH , 4. 3 x IO 5 g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (uCi/hr ) U-23 8 - 0. 8 RA-22 6 - 0. 7 PO-21 0 - 6. 0 PB-21 0 - N

C TH-23 0 - 0. 8 TH-23 2 - 0. 4 Ft YASH , 0. 2 x 10 ' g/h r RADIONUCLIDE S (pCi/hr ) U-23 8 - RA-22 6 -

. PO-21 0 - PB-21 0 - TM-23 0 - TH-23 2 - <0.O I

0.0 2 0. 5 N C <0.0 I <0.0 I



### Figur e 10 . Radionuclid e an d As h Distributio n Summary , Sit e M-99 .

^ iP.7 4

'Vrt' A-;«•',- »



### SECTIO N 9 DISCUSSIO

N O F RESULT

S

Th e result s o f

thi s samplin g progra m hav e provide d documentatio n o f level s o f

radionuclid e emission s t o ai rfro m fiv e coal-fire d utilit y boilers . I n general , stac kemission s o f th e si x radionuclide s fo rwhic h detaile d assessment s hav e bee n made (U-238 , Ra-226 , Po-210 , Pb-210 , Th-230 , an d Th-232 ) wer e smal l compare d t o th e tota l inpu tfro m th e coal . O n aweigh tbasis , thes e emission s tende d t o b e concentrate d i n th e fin e particl e fractio n (< 1 pm ) whe n compare d t o th e weigh to f fl y as h collecte d i n tha tsiz e range . Thos e radionuclide s mos texemplar y o f thi s phenomeno n wer e uranium , polonium , an d thorium-23 2 a s note d below :

Sit e Radionuclide s Concentrate d i n Fin e As h
M- l U-238 , Po-210 , Th-23 2 M-1 5 U-238 , Po-210 , Th-23 2 M-3 3 Al l (especially Po-210 ) M-3 4 Al l (excep t Pb-210-no t measured ) M-9 9 Al l (excep t Po-210 ) Th e majorit y o f

th e incomin g as h an d radionuclide s wer e detecte d i n th e hoppe r as h o f th e firs tparticulat e contro l devic e followin g th e boiler . Radionuclid e emission s expresse d a s apercentag e o f tota l inpu tfro m th e coa l ar e show n i n Tabl e 29 . With thre e exceptions , emission s ar e les s tha n 3 percen to f

coa l input . Th e exception s ar e Po-21 0 (2 4 percent ) an d Pb-21 0 (8. 3 percent ) fo rSit e M- l an d U-23 8 (6. 5 percent ) fo rSit e M-15 . With th e exceptio n o f

Sit e M-15 , poloniu m represent s ahighe rstac kemissio n fractio n tha n an y o f

th e othe rradionuclides . Thi s i s probabl y attributabl e t o polonium' s volatilit y althoug h th e exac tmechanism s involve d ar e unknown . Annua l emission s wer e estimate d fo reac h facilit y base d o n th e hourl y emissio n result s an d th e assumptio n tha tth e plan toperate s 5,69 4 hr/y r (6 5 percen tloa d factor) . Thes e dat aar e show n i n Tabl e 3 0 an d indicat e tha t Sit e M- l woul d hav e th e highes temission s o f eac h o f

th e radionuclides . Thi s i s supporte d b y th e fac ttha tthi s plan tburn s th e highes tas h coa l (2 4 percent ) an d ha d on e o f th e lowes toveral l particulat e remova l efficiencie s (9 8 percent) . Th e onl y particulat e contro l devic e a tSit e M- l wa s aventur i scrubbe r(usuall y inefficien tfo rcollectio n o f fine-siz e particles ) an d 8 0 percen to f measure d stac kemission s wer e les s tha n 1 pm . Thes e factor s couple d wit h th e tendenc y o f th e radionuclide s t o condens e o n fine-siz e as h particle s resulte d i n relativel y hig h emission s fo r
6 5

### TABLE 29 . RADIONUCLID E STAC KEMISSIONS FO

RALL PLANT S AS A

FUNCTIO

N O F COA L INPU T

Overal l particulat e contro l Stac k emission s expresse d a s percen

t o f radionuclid

e Inpu t fro m coa l



### o > a. Plant



### M- l
M-1 5 M-3 3 M-3 4 M-9 9 erric i enc y (percent )

97.9 9 99.5 4 97.1 6 99.9 7 98.7 5 U-23 8



### 2. 9 6. 5 0. 5 <0. 1 <0. 1 Ra-22 6



### 1. 5 1. 3 0. 5 <0. 1 

### 0. 2 Po-21 0



### 2 4 1. 6 0. 9 <0. 1 

### 1. 5 Pb-21 0



### 8. 3 N C 1. 2 0. 4 N C Th-23 0



### 0. 5 1. 0 0. 5 <0, 1 <0. 1 Th-23 2



### 1. 8 0. 4 0. 5 <0. 1 <0. 1

### TABLE 30 . SUMMAR YO F ESTIMATE

D ANNUA L RADIONUCLID

E STAC KEMISSIO

N RATE S FO

RFIV E PLANT S

Radionuclid

e emissio

nrate , mCi/yr a 

### Coa l fee

dParticulat e (Enrichmen t Factor) 0 rate , contro l device 0 

### Facilit y (short ton/hr ) (collectio nefficiency ) U-23 8 RA-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2



### M- l

M-1 5

M-3 3

M-3 4

M-9 9 

### 34 0

3 4

43 3

64 6

4 9 V S —

M C — V S — ESP ESP V S — M C — ESP - (98.0 )

(67.0 ) (98.6 ) -(97.2 )

-(99.9 ) (74.4 ) (71.5 ) "(95.6 ) 12 0

(3.9 ) 2. 3 (2.4 ) 1 4 (0.6 ) 1. 3 (1.2 ) 0.0 6 (0.2 ) 6 3

(2.0 ) 0. 5 (5.2 ) 1 3 (0.6 ) 2. 9 (2.5 ) 0. 1 (0.4 ) 99 6 (32.4 ) 0. 6 (8.6 ) 2 2 (0.9 ) 2. 9 (2.5 ) 2. 8 (3.0 ) 34 2

(11.2 ) 

### N C

3 0 (1.2 ) 2 4 (22 ) 

### N C 1 7 (0.6 ) 0. 3 (3.7 ) 1 2 (0.5 ) 1. 2 (1.1 ) 0.0 6 (0.04 ) 8. 5

(2.4 ) 0. 1 (1.7 ) 8 (0.5 ) 1. 1 (1.5 ) 0.0 6 (0.1 )

a

### Calculated b

y assumin

g th e plan t operate s 5,69 4 hr/y r (6 5 percen

t loa dfactor) .
D 

### V S • ventur i scrubber ; M C = mechanica l collector ; ES P • electrostati c precipitator .

c 

### Enrichmen t facto

r » pCi/ g infl

y ash+ pCi/ g Incoa l ash .

^ i

### Sit e M-l . Sit e M- l wa s als o th e oaly / gSan\e : sample d whic h use d acyclone-fire d boiler , althoug h i ti s unknow n wha timpact , tfciis , woul d hav e o n radionuclid e emissions . A taloa d facto ro f

6 5 percent , tfr.e ; second-highes tannua l radionuclid e emission s woul d occu ra tSit e M-3 3 wfeich i had ! eh e lowes toveral l particulat e contro l efficienc y (9 7 percent) . ffaweweff, , o m apercentag e basi s thes e emission s wer e generall y les s tha n 1 percast to f tota l inpu tfro m th e coal . Emission s a tthi s plan tvoul d probabl y hav e bee n highe rwer e i tno tfo rth e fac ttha temission s les s tha n 1 at represented ! onl y 2 percen to f tota l stac k emission s (th e lowes to f an y o rth e fiv e s,ites) . Th e lowes testimate d annua l emissions ' wer e foun d fo rSite s M-9 9 an d M-15 . Thes e tw o site s ha d th e lowes tcoa l fee d rate s an d lowes tas h conten t coals . I n addition , the y ha d hig h particulat e collectio n efficiencie s an d lo w (compare d t o Sit e M-l ) emission s o f particulat e matte rles s tha n 1 m i n diameter . Th e concentratio n o f radionuclide s i n fl y as h (pCi/g ) a s afunctio n o f particl e siz e wa s investigated . Radionuclide , concentratio n generall y increase s a s th e particl e siz e decreases ! a s a n examinatio n o f Table s A-3 , B-3 , C-3 , D-3 , an d E- 3 i n th e appendice s shows . No tal l radionuclide s exhibi tthi s t o th e sam e degree , however . Polonium-210 - an d lead-21 0 sho w th e greates t increas e followe d b y uranium-238 , radium-226 , an d thorium-230 , 23 2 i n decreasin g order . Thi s tren d wa s no tth e sam e a tal l fiv e boilers . I ti s probabl y influence d b y boile rdesig n an d perhap s b y th e typ e o f contro l device . A

tleas t5 0 percen to f th e radionuclid e emission s wer e concentrate d o n particle s o f

les s tha n 1 0 ur

n fo ral l o f

th e site s whic h wer e studied . Enrichmen tfactor s (th e rati o o f radionuclid e concentratio n i n fl y as h t o i t s concentratio n i n coa l ash ) whic h were : compute d fro m th e measuremen tdat a ar e als o show n i n Tabl e 30 . Althoug h thes e dat aar e quit e variable , the y d o consistentl y sho wtha tpoloniu m an d lea d ar e enriche d i n th e stac kfl y as h muc h more s o tha n an y o f th e othe rradionuclides . Som e degre e o f

enrichmen t va s note d fo rpracticall y al l radionuclide s measure d a tSite s M- l &n d M-15 . However , thi s wa s no tth e cas e fo rTh-23 0 at : sit e M-l . Further , n o conclusio n ca n b e drawn fo rlea d a tsit e M-1 5 becaus e i twa s no tmeasured . Th e remainin g site s showe d littl e o rn o enrichmen tfo rradionuclide s othe rtha n poloniu m an d lead . Th e result s o f th e impinge rsamplin g conducte d a tal l site s ar e show n i n Tabl e 31 . Particulat e contro l device s a tth e M-1 5 uni tconsis to f a mechanica l collecto rfollowe d b y ascrubber . Th e result s show n fo rth e inle t o f thi s uni ti s tha tfo rth e mechanica l collecto rsinc e thi s i s th e samplin g locatio n closes tt o th e furnac e an d therefor e th e samplin g poin tmos tlikel y c o hav e radionuclide s i n th e impinge rsamples . The M-3 4 uni tha s a n ES P followe d b y ascrubber , bu tonl y inle tan d outle to f th e scrubbe rwer e sampled . Inle timpinge rsample s contai n som e radionuclides ; thi s i s especiall y eviden tfo rSit e M-l . I ti s somewha tsurprisin g tha tthoriu m wa s foun d i n thes e sample s sinc e i ti s considere d t o b e nonvolatile . Perhap s som e fin e
_6 8TABL E 31 . IMPINGE

RSAMPLIN

G RESULTS FO

RFIVE PLANT

S

Site/Samplin g Locatio n Radionuclid e Emissio n Rate , VCi/hr a U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

M- l
Scrubbe r inlet s Scrubbe r outle t
M-1 5 4 0.08 b 

### N

D N

D 2 0

N D 0. 3

ND 0.0 8

ND

Mech . Coll . inle t Scrubbe r outle t
M-3 3
ES P inlet s ES P outle t
M-3 4 Scrubbe r inle t Scrubbe r outle t
M-9 9
ES P inlet s ES P outle t 

### N D N D

0. 1 N D

N D 9 

### d

0.0 3 

### N D N

D N D

N D N D

N D N D

0.0 2 

### N D N

D N D

0. 3 N D

0. 4 N D

<0.0 6 

### N D N

A N A

N D N D

N D N D

N A N A 0.0 2

0.01 c



### N D N D

N D N D

0.00 4 

### N D N

D N D

N D N D

N D N D

0. 0 N D

a N D = no t detectable . N A = n o analysis . ^Thi s valu e i s base do na nanalytica l resul t o f a sampl e havin g a 5 0 percen t countin g error . This , i nadditio nt o the absenc e o f othe r radionuclide s i n the impingers , make s thi s valu e suspect .

c Thi s resul t i s base do nthe analysi s o f th e sampl e collecte di nthe second impinger . Sinc e n o Th-23 0 wa s foun di nthe firs t impinger , throughwhic h th e sample dstac k gase s flo w befor e passin g throughthe secondimpinger , the valu e i s ver y

doubtful .
d Sinc e thi s resul t i s highe r tha nthe tota l amoun t o f U-23 8 measure di nth e entire scrubbe r inle t by a facto r o f abou t 6.0 , i t i s obviousl y incorrect . I t i s base do nananalytica l resul t whic hi s ver y hig han

di s probabl y

du e t o som e contamination . N o U-23 8 woul dbe expecte dt o b e i nthe impinge r sinc e non e wa s foun di nth e inle t impinge r samples .



### 6 9

### particle s wer e carrie dove r fro m the sampl e trai nfilter . Th e outle t impinge r sample s contai nn o detectabl e radionuclide s excep t for a fe w sample s wher e th e result s ar e highl y

suspec t for the reason s state di nthe tabl e footnotes . I t woul db e reasonabl e t o conclude , therefore , tha t n o radionuclide s ar e presen t i nth e impinge r sample s collecte da t the outle t o f th e contro l device s o f an y o f th e boilers . Th e impinge r result s show tha t a t th e inlet s t o contro l device s closes t t o th e furnac e a smal l fractio no f th e radionuclid e outpu t i s eithe r i nth e gaseou s stat e o r associate dwit hvery fin e particles . Ther e i s fir m evidence , however , tha t onl y

ver y smal l amount s o f th e radionuclide s wil l b e inthe gaseou s stat e a t th e outle t o f th e contro l device s locate dfarthes t fro m the furnace . I f th e radioactivit y i nthe impinge r blan k i s use da s the minimu m detectabl e concentration , the nthi s represent s th e maximu m amoun t tha t coul d b e i nth e gaseou s state . Base do nthi s assumption , the dat a belo w show the microcurie s pe r hou r o f polonium-21 0 tha t coul db e i nth e gaseou s stat e and release dt o th e atmospher e fro m th e fiv e boilers : Uni t H^l

M-3 3 M-1 5 M-3 4 M-9 9 uCi210 P o 

### / h

### < 0 

### . 2 <0. 2 <0.0 2 <0. 3 <0.0 1 % o f inpu t<0.0 3 <0.0 5 <0. 3 <0.0 3 <0.0 2 Thes e value s represen tonl y aver y smal l percen to f th e polonium-21 0 availabl e a s aresul to f

burnin g th e coal . Severa l additiona l point s ar e wort h noting . Measure d coa l activiti y dat a ar e mos timportan twit h respec tt o determinin g percen tclosur e fo ragive n radionuclide . Sinc e result s shoul d b e judge d (i n part ) o n th e basi s o f percen tclosure , coa l measurement s ar e extremel y importan tbecaus e th e coa l account s fo r9 0 percen to rmore o f th e tota l radionuclid e inpu tt o eac h plant . Thi s i s al l th e mor e importan tconsiderin g tha tth e fl y as h rate s ar e s o smal l i n compariso n an d tha tth e activit y i n th e fl y as h emissio n strea m i s th e issu e o f

interes ti n thi s study . Coa l activit y dat areporte d fo rnin e o f th e sample d facilitie s ar e show n i n Tabl e 32 . Coa l sample s fro m Site s M-1 5 an d M-9 9 (bot h analyze d a tEPA' s La s Vega s Facility ) showe d th e mos t variabilit y wit h regar d t o radionuclid e activitie s i n th e uraniu m an d thoriu m deca y series . Fo rexample , coa l activitie s fo rSit e M-9 9 range d fro m 0.2 5 t o 1. 5 pCi/ g fo ruraniu m serie s radionuclide s wherea s th e value s woul d normall y b e expecte d t o b e simila rbecaus e o f secula requilibrium . Accordingly , closur e dat afo rSit e M-9 9 (indicate d previousl y i n Tabl e 28 ) wer e extremel y lo w (1 3 t o 4 6 percent) . Sit e M-15 , fo rwhic h thre e set s o f coa l activit y data , wer e available , showe d bot h lo w an d variabl e results . A s note d previousl y i n Sectio n 5 , a n averag e o f thes e dat afo rSit e M-1 5 wa s use d i n computin g th e results . Also , actua l sampl e volume s obtaine d wer e no talway s a s larg e a s desirabl e (show n previousl y i n Tabl e 3) . Fo reac h site , acalculatio n wa s made prio rt o samplin g t o determin e th e approximat e sampl e volum e tha twoul d b e require d t o yiel d enoug h as h particulat e fo rreliabl e determinatio n o f radionuclid e concentration . As indicate d i n Tabl e 3 , actua l sampl e volume s a t

7 0

### TABLE 32 . REPORTE D COA L ACTIVITIE S FO

RNIN E SAMPLIN

GSITE S

Sit e



### M- l
M-1 5

M-3 3 M-3 4 M-9 9 M-1 6 M-1 8 M-1 9 M-9 8 Coa l typ e

Subbituminou s Lignit e

Lignit e Lignit e Lignit e Subbituminou s Bituminou s Bituminou s Lignit e III I II I IIII I



### EP A Lab a 

### performin

g analysi s

EER F 

### LV F

EER F
EER F 

### LV F
EER F
EER F
EER F 

### LV F U-23 8

2.32 5 0.11 0 <0.11 8 0.07 8 1.1 2 1.6 6 0.34 2 0.6 5 0.5 2 

### B 0.2 7 Reporte

d coa l Ra-22 6



### N C

N C

N C N C 0.24 9 0.8 5 1.8 0 0.9 8 

### N C Po-21 0



### N C 0.43 8 0.12 7 0.08 4 

### N C N C 0.77 9 

### B 0.6 8 0.7 0 0.3 3 activity ,

Pb-21 0



### N C

N C

N C N C N C N C N C N C N C pCi/g

b


### Th-23 0

2.1 4 0.71 1 0.07 2 0.05 5 

### 1. 0 1.5 9 1.4 8 0.3 2 0.6 0 0.7 5 0.3 4 Th-23 2

0.26 5 0.42 7 0.05 5 0.04 6 0.71 9 1.1 1 0.39 9 0.1 5 0.4 0 0.4 0 0.1 8

a 

### U.S . EPA , Offic e of Radiatio nProgram

s Easter nEnvironmenta l Radiatio nFacilit

y (EERF) , Montgomery , Alabam a La s Vega s Facilit

y (LVF) , La s Vegas , Nevad a

B = les s tha

nbackground , N

C = no t counted .P.8 1

outle t samplin g location s wer e muc hlowe r thandesire da t Site s M- l an dM-34 . Sinc e a relativel y larg e amoun t o f fl y as hwa s collecte da t Sit e M-l , the dat a for thi s sit e ar e believe dt o b e valid . Th e result s fo r Sit e M-34 , however , ar e subjec t t o questio nbecaus e o f th e low sampl e volume an dthe numerou s sampling , equipment , andweathe r problem s encountered .



### 7 2P.8 2

REFERENCE S

1 . Federa l Register , Volume 44 , Thursday , Novembe r 8 , 1979 , p . 76738 . 2 . Kocher , D . C . Nuclea r Deca y Dat a for Radionuclide s Occurrin g i nRoutin e Release s Fro

m Nuclea r Fue l Cycl e Facilities . Prepare dfor the Nuclea r Regulator y

Commissio nb

y the Oak Ridg e Nationa l Laboratory , Augus t 1977 , pp . 13-15 . 3 . Shapiro , J . Radiatio nProtection . Harvar dUniversit y Press , Cambridge , Massachusetts . 1972 . p . 11 5



### 7 3APPENDI XA
APPLE II I OUTPU T AND SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FORBLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , SIT E M- l



### 7 4TABL E A-1 . SIT E H- l INPU T DAT A (MEASURE D AN D CALCULATED ) P.84

DCR.G/H RDESIG N COA L FEE D BAT E LF. f LOA D FACTOB , FBACTIO N ACB.G/H B ACTUA L COA L FEE D BAT E CAC. f COA L AS H CONTENT . FBACTIO N AIN.G/H RAS H INPU T LFB.G/HB * LIMESTON E FEE D RAT E SMH.L/HR * SCBUBBE B MAKEU P UATE R SSB.L/H B SCRUBBE B SLUDG E BATE/LIQUI D SSR.G/HR * SCRUBBE RSLUDG E RATE/SOLI D FA. GFL YAS H SCRUBBE B INLE T NOBT H TOTA L FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE RINLE T SOUT H TOTA L FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBT H TOTA L FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUT H TOTA L TVS.DSC F TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D SCBUBBE B INLE T N TVS.DSC F TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D SCBUBBE RINLE T S TVS.DSC F TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D SCBUBBE B OUTLE T N TVS.DSC F TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D SCBUBBE B OUTLE T S TF.DSCF M

TOTA L FLO W

SCBUBBE B INLE T N TF.DSCF M

TOTA L FLOW

SCBUBBE B INLE T S TF.DSCF M

TOTA L FLOW

SCBUBBE ROUTLE T N TF.DSCF M

TOTA L FLO N

SCBUBBE B OUTLE T S CONSTAN T SCBUBBE B INLE T NORT H CONSTAN T SCRUBBE RINLE T SOUT H CONSTAN T SCRUBBE B OUTLE T NOBT H CONSTAN T SCRUBBE B OUTLE T NOBT H FAB.G/H B FL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B INLE T NOBT H FAB.G/H RFL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B INLE T SOUT H FAB.G/H B FL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBT H FAB.G/H B FL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUT H FAB.G/H B TOTA L FL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B INLE T FAB.G/H B TOTA L FL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SAB.G/H B SCBUBBE B AS H BAT E VSEFF , t VENTUB I SCBUBBE REFFICIENC Y(PABTICULATE ) BAR.G/H RBOTTO M AS H BAT E FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBT H FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBT H FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBTH . 3-1 0 U FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBTH . 1- 3 U FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE ROUTLE T NORTH , L T 1 U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 UPROB E BINS E 3.9534E 8 .78 2 3.0916E 8 .24 2 7481571 3 7274255 1 3406 8 102122 0 1.3308E 8 27.0675 2 24.4041 9 3.1027 9 3.4109 6 181.0 6 149.07 4 729.96 8 724. 4 142954 5 • 153701 6 79048 3 127424 7 473725. 3 618625. 4 64974.0 5 105542. 3 1282256 9 1509705 1 201600. 8 360000. 5 2791962 0 561601. 3 2735801 9 97.9885 1 4689609 4 .3285 4 .14541 .0003 8 .0308 7 2.5975 9



### 7 5TABL E A-1 . (CONT'D ) P.8 5

U G T G T FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUTH . G T 1 0 U FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE ROUTLE T SOUTH , G T 1 0 U FA. GFL YAS KSCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUTH . 3-1 0 U FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUTH , 1- 3 U FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUTH , L T 1 FAR , G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBTH . FAR,G/H RFL YAS H BAT E SCRUBBE B OUTLE T NOBTH , FAR.G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCRUBBE B OUTLE T NOBTH , FAR,G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T NOBTH , FAH , G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCRUBBE B OUTLE T NOBTH , FAR,G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCRUBBE ROUTLE T SOUTH , FAR,G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCRUBBE ROUTLE T SOUTH , FAR . G/H RFL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUTH . FAR . G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUTH , FAB,G/H RFL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T SOUTH , PBOB E BINS E

1 0 U 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U PBOB E BINS E

PBOB E BINS E .8112 8 .0341 9 .0141 4 .0388 6 2.5124 9 21346.5 8 9447.87 7 24.6901 4 2005.74 9 168776. 0 85624.3 3 3608.49 0 1492.36 8 4101.37 3 265173. 9

FA. G FA, G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA, G FA, G FA, G FA. G FAR.G/H B FAR.G/H R FAR.G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FL Y

FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y FL Y AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H AS H INLE T INLE T INLE T INLE T INLE T INLE T INLE T INLE T INLE T INLE T BAT E BAT E BAT E RAT E BAT E BAT E BAT E BAT E BAT E RAT E N

& S N & S N & S N & S N & S NORT H NOBT H SOUT H SOUT H SOUT H INLE T N

& INLE T N

& INLE T N

& INLE T N

& INLE T N

& INLE T NOBT H INLE T NOBT H INLE T SOUT H INLE T SOUT H INLE T SOUT H

PBECUTTE B G T 1 0 U 1S T STAG E G T 1 0 U 2N D STAG E 3-1 0 U 3B D STAG E 1- 3 U THIMBLE S L T 1 U IMP . BINS E G T 1 0 U PBB . BINS E G T 1 IMP . BINS E G T 1 PBB . BINS E G T 1 UMB . BINS E G T 1 & S PBECUTTE B & S 1S T STAG E & S 2ND STAG E S 3R D STAG E S THIMBLE S IMP . RINS E PRB . BINS E IMP . BINS E PBB . BINS E UMB . RINS E U

U U U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U G T 1 0 U 1 0 U 1 0 U 1 0 U G T G T G T G T 1 0 43.4021 6 .4265 4 2.0387 2 2.331 6 2.6105 3 .1660 8 .3033 1 .1017 4 .0226 1 .0684 2 2360354 8 235098. 6 1083575 . 1261173 . 1394611 . 78676.3 0 143685. 6 62938.9 5 13987.1 2 42326.3 5



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### TABL E A-3
. ACTIVIT Y DAT AAS USE D INCALCULATION S

SAMPL E 1 COA L E DESCBIPTI0N- -

v LIMESTON E 

### £ 8C S HATER(D ) pCi/ L 

### £ SC H UATEB(U ) PCX/ L E BOTTO M E SSL/ D E S6L/ U E 

## ss s
• E F&O N E FAO C E FAO C E FAO C E PAD S E FAO S E FAO N E FAI C ! E FAI C E FAI C E FAI C E FAI C E FAI N E FAI N E FAI S E FAI S E FAI S E C T G T AS H pCi/ L rCi/ L

1 0 UP S 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U O T
L T L T G T G T 1 0 UP B 1 U 1 U 1 0 UF S 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T G T G T G T G T G T 1 U 1 0 UI B 1 0 UF B 1 0 UI B 1 0 UP B 1 0 UU R --EADIONUCLIDES/ACTIVITIES (

U-23 8 2.32 5 .108 2 1.43 3 .121 1 2.17 8 .124 9 .129 9 .273 5 4.2 4 .114 7 2.4 2 .141 1 .222 8 .225 3 3.09 6 .102 4 14.2 7 .122 8 18.7 9 .117 6 16.0 5 .416 3 29.6 6 .154 4 20.9 2 .099 3 40.6 8 .098 6 45.7 7 .111 3 9.70 7 .112 2 17.5 3 .122 7 19.3 5 .095 8 24. 1 .102 6 31.0 7 .114 2 16.6 6 .160 9 6.0 5 .183 1 2. 9 .344 2 3. 6 .712 9 2.7 4 .477 7 RA-22 6

2.32 5 .108 2 1.43 3 .121 1 .3 6 .0 6 .1 1 .1 4 3.7 5 .0 2 0 0 0 0 1.4 8 0 0 0 16.5 9 .0 4 22.0 4 .1 7

. 29.2 6 .0 5 0 0 20.2 6 .0 2 19.7 1 .0 2 .0 6 .1 ! 13.4 6 .0 2 16. 9 .0 1 16.2 2 .0 1 43. 5 .00 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PO-21 0 2.32 5 .108 2 1.43 3 .121 1 0 0 0 0 0 .353 7 0 0 0 0 4.5 2 0 9.9 8 .265 3 238. 7 .124 1 0 .263 7 14 4 .169 5 14 7 .138 4 370. 2 .134 4 294. 1 .135 5 11.2 1 .149 1 19 1 . 8 .172 7 0 0 58. 8 .166 4 195. 4 .110 4

. 93. 8 .173 8 29. 8 .197 5 29. 7 .265 1 54. 3 .361 8 24. 4 .353 8 pCi/-. o r

PB-21 0 2.32 5 .108 2 1.43 3 .121 1 0 0 0 0 1.41 4 .602 5 0 0 0 0 7.1 2 0 0 0 122. 8 .410 2 72* . 3 3.5 8 

### iei. 4 .82 2 0 0 155. 5 .107 2 25.2 7 .144 1 25.60 8 .130 3 15 9 .&51 9 54.8 6 .149 9 77. 2 .132 4 75. 4 .156 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pCi/G)/2- S ERRO R TH-23 0 2.1 4 .069 4 1.17 6 .141 7 .030 3 .858 9 .0947 2 .315 4 5.5 7 .103 3 .0259 4 .818 8 .132 5 .282 3 2.67 5 .115 8 2. 3 .220 7 6.2 5 .182 5 7.6 2 .704 5 12.0 4 .210 6 2.7 5 .120 8 5.0 8 .116 4 4.9 3 .118 7 9.30 4 .037 2 14. 6 .111 6 1 1 .057 8 24. 1 .056 3 4.1 5 .080 4 16. 2 .119 3 4.8 5 .145 5 2.6 5 .379 9 4.9 1 .578 3 1.3 9 .793 2 TH-23 2

.26 5 .188 1 .0806 6 .464 8 0 .124 9 .0168 4 .792 2 1.09 3 .18 1 .017 3 1.22 6 .0171 8 .859 1 .338 1 .262 6 .34 3 .034 1 .72 7 .640 1 1.3 8 2 1.9 6 .581 9 .36 9 .317 7 3.6 5 .135 9 2.5 4 .162 8 1.27 8 .062 1 1.2 2 .049 8 1.0 8 .114 7 2.3 7 .091 4 .7 2 .181 8 1.6 1 .372 3 .42 6 .522 1 1.0 4 .656 8 0 0 .3 8 1.49 1



## 7 8TABL E A-4 . RADIONUCLID E BALANC E RESULT S

INFLUEN T O

REFFLUEN T STREA

M DESCRIPTION Percen t o f tota l pCi/h r in/ou t

U-23 8 IN

COA L U-23 8 I

N LIMESTON E U-23 8 I

N SCRUBBE RWATE R U-23 8 I

N TOTA L 7.1879E 8 1.0424E 8 78625.5 4 8.2311E 8 87.3 3

U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 8 OU T U-23 3 BOTTO M

AS H SCRUBBE RSLUDG E (LIQUID ) SCBUBBE RSLUDG E (SOLID ) FL YAS H NORT H OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP B FL YAS H SOUT H OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP B FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E G T 1 0 U FL YAS H OUTLE T G T 1 0 UTOTAL FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 3-1 0 U FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 1- 3 U FL YAS H SOUT H OUTLE T L T 1 FL YAS H NORT H OUTLE T L T 1 FL YAS H OUTLE T L T I U FL YAS H TOTA L OU T TOTA L OUT/IN . % 2.9263E 8 2698880 . 4.1202E 8 134821. 2 75489.6 1 2009983 . 2220294 . 24348.7 8 181137. 2 1078727 4 7724875 . 1851214 9 2093793 0 7.2828E 8 88.4 8 40.1 8

0.3 7 56.5 7

0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 2

2.5 4 2.8 7

1A22 6 IN

COA L EA22 6 I

N LIMESTON E 1A22 6 I

N SCRUBBE RUATE R EA22 6 I

N TOTA L KA22 6 OU T BOTTO M

AS H EA22 6 OU T SCBUBBE B SLUDG E (LIQUID ) EA22 6 OU T SCRUBEE RSLUDG E (SOLID ) 1A22 6 OU T FL YAS H NORT H OUTLE T G 7 1 0 UP R 1A22 6 OU T FL YAS H SOUT H OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP R BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E G T 1 0 U BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H OUTLE T G T 1 0 UTOTAL BA22 6 OU T FLYAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 3-1 0 U KA22 6 OU T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 1- 3 U 1A22 6 OU T FL YAS H SOUT H OUTLE T L T 1 U SA22 6 OU T FL YAS H NORT H OUTLE T L T 1 U 1A22 6 OU T FL YAS H OUTLE T L T 1 U 1A22 6 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L EA22 6 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN . % 7.1879E 8 1.0424E 8 16011.9 6 8.2304E 8 1.7586E 8

0 1.9696E 8

0 0 1774647 . 1774647 . 33435.9 5 178694. 4 5372423 . 3326574 . 8698997 . 1068577 5 3.8350E 8 46.6 0 8/ . 3 3

45.8 6 0.0 0 51.3 6

0.4 6 0.0 1 0.0 5

2.2 7 2.7 9



### 7 9

### TABL E A-4 . (CONT'D )

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN

T STREA M DESCRIPTIO

N pCi/h r

7.1879E 8 1.0424E 8 0 8.2303E 8 0 0 6.0152E 8 94289.8 1 530448. 1 2553395 6 2615869 4 0 879425. 5 9816737 7 4963700 7 1.4780E 8 1.7484E 8 7.7636E 8 94.3 3

7.1879E 8 1.0424E 8 0 8.2303E 8 6631107 6 0 9.4753E 8 0 0 1313602 7 1313602 7 1106390 . 619262. 1 4123454 1 4264968 . 4549950 9 6036118 9 1.0742E 9 130.5 2 Percent o f total in/ou t

87.3 3

0.0 0 0.0 0 77.4 8

3.3 7 0.0 0 0.1 1
19.0 4 22.5 2

87.3 3

6.1 7 0.0 0 88.2 1

1.2 2 0.1 0 0.0 6
4.2 4 5.6 2 FO21 0 I N COA L PO21 0 I N LIMESTON

E PO21 0 I N SCRUBBEB WATE

R P021 0 I N TOTA L PO21 0 P021 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 P021 0 BO21 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 PO21 0 OU

T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T BOTTO M AS H SCBUBBE RSLUDGE (LIQUID ) SCBUBBEB SLUDG E (SOLID ) FL YAS H NOBTH OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP

B FL YAS H SOUTH OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP S FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E G T 1 0 U FL YAS H OUTLE T G

T 1 0 UTOTA

L FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 3-1 0 U FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 1- 3 U FL YAS H SOUT

H OUTLE T L

T 1 U FL YAS H NOBTH OUTLE T L T 1 FL YAS H OUTLE T L T 1 U FL YAS H TOTA

L TOTA L U

OUT/IN . X

PB21 0 I N COA L PB21 0 I N LIMESTON

E PB21 0 I N SCBUBBE

RHATE R PB21 0 I N TOTA L PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB ? 1 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 OU

T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T BOTTO M AS H SCRUBBE RSLUDGE (LIQUID ) SCBUBBEB SLUDGE (SOLID ) FL YAS H NORTH OUTLE T G T 10 UP

R FL YAS H SOUTH OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP

R FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E G T 1 0 U FL YAS H OUTLE T G

T 1 0 UTOTA

L FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 3-1 0 U FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 1- 3 U FL YAS H SOUTH OUTLE T L T 1 FL YAS H NORTH OUTLE T LT 1 FL YAS H OUTLE T LT 1 U FL YAS H TOTA

L TOTA L OUT/IN . X



### 8 0

### TABL E A-4 . (CONT'D ) P.9 0



### INFLUEN T O B EFFLUENT STREA

M DESCBIPTIO

N pCi/h r

6.6159E 8 8554524 0 4259.18 1 7.4714E 8 2.6121E 8 161802. 1 3.5599E 8 21730.1 2 9923.34 8 668568. 2 700221. 6 11559.9 8 73529.7 4 1347083 . 832065. 4 2179149 . 2964460 . 6.2033E 8 83.0 3

8192629 8 5867414 . 573.705 1 8779428 6 5125743 0 35211.6 7 4499434 8 3240.62 2 1331.53 3 77767.8 5 82340.0 0 2093.54 0 11969.9 6 967884. 7 428690. 9 1396576 . 1492979 . 9777996 9 111.3 7 Percen t

o f tota l in/ou t

88.5 5

42.1 1 0.0 3 57.3 9

0.1 1 0.0 0 0.0 1

0.3 5 0.4 8

93.3 2

52.4 2 0.0 4 46.0 2

.0.0 8 0.0 0 0.0 1

1.4 3 1.5 3 

### TH23 0 I N COA L TH23 0 I N LIMESTON

E TH23 0 I N SCRUBBE

RHATE S TH23 0 I N TOTA L TH23 0 OU

T BOTTO M AS H TH23 0 OU

T SCRUBBE

RSLUDGE (LIQUID ) TH23 0 OU

T SCBUBBE

RSLUDGE (SOLID ) TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H NORTH OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP

R TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H SOUTH OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP

B TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E G T 1 0 U TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T G

T 1 0 UTOTA

L TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 3-1 0 U TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 1- 3 U TK23 0 OU

T FL YAS H SOUTH OUTLE T L T 1 U TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H NORT H OUTLE T L T 1 U TH23 0 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T L T 1 U TX23 0 OU

T FL YAS H TOTA

L TH23 0 OUT TOTA

L OUT/IN . %

TH23 2 I N COA L TH23 2 I N LIMESTON

E TK23 2 I N SCRUBBEB MATE S TH23 2 I N TOTA L TH23 2 OU

T BOTTO M AS H TH23 2 OU

T SCBUBBE

RSLUDGE (LIQUID ) TH23 2 OU

T SCRUBBE

RSLUDGE (SOLID ) TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H NORTH OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP

R TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H SOUTH OUTLE T G T 10 UP

B TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E G T 10 U TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T G

T 1 0 UTOTA

L TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 3-1 0 U TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T COMPOSIT E 1- 3 U TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H SOUT

H OUTLE T L

T 1 U TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H NOBT H OUTLE T LT I U TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H OUTLE T LT 1 U TH23 2 OU

T FL YAS H TOTA

L TH23 2 OU

T TOTA L OUT/IN . X



### 8 1

## TABL E A-5
. RESULT S O F TH-23 0 BALANC E AROUN D SCRUBBE R P.9 1



## SADIONUCLIDE/STREA

H DESCRIPTION pCi/hr o r pCi/ G

TH-23 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T TH-23 0 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E SCRUBBE RSLUDG E RATE
. G/H R 2.7341E 8 3.5599E 8 1.3308E 8
SA-22 6 SCRUBBE R INLE T E&-22 6 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E 1A-22 6 SCBUBBE R SLUDG E ACTIVITY pCi/ G 1.0401E 8 1.9759E 8 1.48471 0
PO-21 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T PO-21 0 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E PO-21 0 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E ACTIVITY pCi/ G 6.7167E 8 6.0107E 8 4.51662 5
PB-21 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T Fl-21 0 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E PB-21 0 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E ACTIVITY pCi/ G 9.0378E 8 9.4766E 8 7.12098 3
0-23 8 SCRUBBE R INLE T U-23 8 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E 3.3046E 8 4.1384E 8
7H-23 2 SCRUBBE R INLE T TH-23 2 SCRUBBE R SLUDG E 3588493 6 4025994 4

8 2

### TABLE A-6 . ANALYTICA L DAT A AN D SAMPLE RESULT S CORRECTE D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVIT

Y

(1 ) ANALYTICA

L DATA— HCS S thimble s pCi/ 2 thimble s SAS S filter s pCi/ 2 filter s 0. 1 HN0 3 

### , pci/ l

Water (DDI) , PCi/ l U-23 8

0.3 + 36 % 1.4 + 18 %
0.4 + 67 2 0.2 + 112 % Ra-22 6

0.6 + 17 % 2. 1 + 5% - 5.8 + 11 1 1.5 + 19 l Po-21 0

1. 1 + 46 % 1. 1 + 30 % 0.5 + 96 1 0.4 + 85 l Pb-21 0

4.0 + 233 % 7.0 + 77 % 36 + 36 1 8 + 161 1 Th-23 0

0.3 + 32 % 1.6 + 14 % 0.7 + 70 1 2 + 39 l Th-23 2

0.5 + 25 % 1.9 + 13 % -0.05 + 200 % 0.6 + 67% "
(2 ) FILTE

RAN D THIMBLE (< 1 um ) SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE

D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , VCi/hr — Nort han d Sout hinlet s 4 1 6 3 28 0 11 0 5. 8 0. 3 ( 5 thimbles )
Nort houtle t 7. 4 2. 8 5 0 2. 7 0. 5 N D ( 4 filters )
Sout houtle t 1 0 4. 5 9 8 3 8 0. 7 0. 2 ( 8 filters )

N D = No t detectable .



### 8 3P.9 3



### APPENDI XB APPL E II I OUTPUT AN D SAMPLE RESULT S CORRECTE

D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , SITE M-1 5



### 8 4

### TABL E B-l . SIT E M-1 5 INPU T DAT A (MEASURED AN

D CALCULATED )

DCR,G/HR LF , f ACR,G/H R CAC , f AIN,G/HR FA. G FA. G FA. G FA, G TVS,DSC F TVS.DSC F TVS.DSC F TVS,DSC F TF.DSCFM TF.DSCFM TF.DSCF M TF.DSCF M CONSTAN T CONSTAN T CONSTAN T CONSTAN T FAR,G/HR FAR,G/H R FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR BAR,G/H R MCAR,G/H R MCEFF , % VSAR,G/H R VSEFF , \ SHR , L/HR * SSLR,L/HR * FA. G FA. G FA. G FA, G FA, G DESIG

N COAL FEE D RAT E LOA D FACTOR , FRACTION ACTUAL COAL FEE D RAT E COAL AS H CONTENT , FRACTIO N AS H INPU T M C INLE T TOTA L M C OUTLE T TOTAL VS INLE T TOTAL V S OUTLE T TOTAL TOTAL VOLUM E SAMPLE D M C INLE T TOTAL VOLUM E SAMPLE D M C OUTLE T TOTAL VOLUM E SAMPLE D V S INLE T TOTAL VOLUM E SAMPLE D V S OUTLE T TOTAL FLO H M

C INLE T TOTAL FLO H M

C OUTLE T TOTAL FLO H V S INLE T TOTAL FLO H V S OUTLE T M C INLE T M C OUTLE T V S INLE T V S OUTLE T FLYAS H RAT E M

C INLE T FLYAS H RAT E M

C OUTLE T FLYAS H RAT E V S INLE T FLYAS H RAT E VS OUTLE T BOTTO M AS H RAT E M C AS H RAT E M C EFFICIENC Y V S AS H RAT E V S EFFICIENC Y SCRUBBE RHATE RRAT E SCRUBBE RSPEN T LIQUI D RAT E OUTLE T > 1 0 U OUTLE T 3-1 0 U OUTLE T 1- 3 U OUTLE T < 1 U- FILTE R OUTLE T >1 0 U- PROB E RINS E 4610554 0 .67 4 3107513 4 .091 4 2840267 . 14.3811 6 31.1147 4 54.7243 7 .7840 4 55.29 6 377.58 8 776.6 2 866.76 3 13540 3 14103 1 12600 3 13283 0 146921. 7 22410.3 0 9734.72 2 9194.90 1 2112904 . 697290. 6 532726. 5 7209 . 17 0 727363. 4 1415613 . 66.9984 7 525517. 4 98.6467 4 1638 0 382 0 .0483 6 .0110 1 .1735 8 .2100 1 .3410 8

8 5TABL E B-l . (CONT'D )



### FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA, G FAR,G/H R FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FAR,G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR OU '

TLE T G T 1 0 u OUTLE T > 1 0 U- PROB E RINS E OUTLE T 3-1 0 U OUTLE T 1- 3 U OUTLE T < 1 U- FILTE R M C HC M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C M C VS VS V S V S V S VS V S VS V S V S INLE T G T 1 0 U INLE T G T 1 0 U- PROB E RINS E INLE T 3-1 0 U INLE T 1- 3 U INLE T L T 1 U INLE T G T 1 0 U INLE T G T 1 0 U- PROB E RINS E INLE T 3-1 0 U INLE T 1- 3 U INLE T L T 1 U OUTLE T G T 1 0 U OUTLE T G T 1 0 U- PROB E RINS E OUTLE T 3-1 0 U OUTLE T 1- 3 U OUTLE T L T 1 U OUTLE T G T 1 0 U OUTLE T G T 1 0 U- PROB E RINS E OUTLE T 3-1 0 U OUTLE T 1- 3 U OUTLE T L T 1 U INLE T G T 1 0 U INLE T G T 1 0 U- PROB E RINS E INLE T 3-1 0 U INLE T 1- 3 U INLE T L T 1 U INLE T G T 1 0 U INLE T G T 1 0 U- PROB E RINS E INLE T 3-1 0 U INLE T 1- 3 U INLE T L T 1 U 444.665 4 3136.19 7 101.235 9 1596.05 1 1931.02 1 6.942 9 2.4728 9 4.5234 6 .4093 2 .0325 9 1020062 . 363321. 1 664594. 2 60137.9 7 4788.17 7 12.3547 6 .941 8 15.3880 7 2.2446 5 .1854 6 276873. 9 21106.0 2 344851. 3 50303.2 8 4156.21 4 21.159 5 2.0426 2 24 . 1790 4 7.0153 5 .3278 6 205981. 9 19884.3 4 235376. 2 68292.4 8 3191.62 6

8 6TABL E B-2 . ACTIVIT YDAT A A S BEPOBTE D BYEPA LABOBATOR Y

SAMPL E DESCBIPTIO N BADIO

N COA L E SC B WATE RPCi/ L E BOTTO M E H C AS H E V S SPEN T E V S SPEN T E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E
N C INLE T NC INLE T H C INLE T MC INLE T MC INLE T AS H

SOLI D
LI Q PCi/ L G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U - F G T 10U-P B U-23 8

.19 8 .0010 4 1.5 3 .0015 1 1.6 9 .0032 2 2.3 7 .007 2 LOS T 14. 2 .013 1 5.4 9 .011 3 3.0 1 .011 2 4.6 6 .0068 7 9.1 9 .0028 1 3.0 2 .0088 7 TH E FOLLOUIN GDAT A G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 UP 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U K C OUTLE T G T 1 0 U M C OUTLETG T 1 0 UP M C OUTLE T 3-1 0 U M C OUTLE T 1- 3 U MC OUTLE T L T 1 U V S INLE T V S INLE T V S INLE T V S INLE T V S INLE T G T 1 0 U

G T 1 0 UP 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U 2. 1

2.0 3 2.2 3 4.0 4 28.3 2 2.5 2 5.6 7 2.8 4 4.2 4 8.6 8 2.5 2 2.6 6 3.5 9 3. 4 LOS T UCLIDES/ A

RA-22 6 N C .20 4 .0015 4 1.5 9 .0021 8 2.2 8 .002 3 2. 4 .004 3 .67 1 .002 3 23. 4 .047 5 6.8 6 .046 9 5.7 4 .0153 ' 10.3 8 .0037 5 12. 9 .025 1 SET S USE D 1.5 5 1.8 3 1. 1 7.7 8 59.2 2 3.4 5 3.0 3 N C N C N C 3. 1 3.6 6 2.9 4 5.5 6 LOS T CTIVITIE S

PO-21 0 .19 8 .0013 7 .57 2 .0013 1 .73 8 .0029 8 .92 4 .005 8 2.3 2 .0024 6 1.4 2 0 19.5 6 .023 6 7.8 4 .019 3 11.8 6 .010 8 25.8 6 .0060 1 17.5 8 .028 2 HITHOU T 1.5 3 5.3 4 3.9 3 5. 2 45.7 3 5.0 7 7.7 8 3.5 6 10.8 6 30.4 9 2.7 8 5.5 2 5.1 1 7.3 8 LOS T (pCi/ L o r

PB-21 0 NC N C N C N C NC
N C N C N C N C NC
NC pCi/G)/2 -

TH-23 0 .19 8 .00095 7 .03 6 0 2.4 8 .0057 1 1.6 1 .002 7 .28 4 .00064 9 .72 4 .0025 5 2.3 5 .0071 4 3.8 1 .012 4 3.4 4 .0054 7 8.4 3 .0025 7 1 1 .017 8 E3B0 B VALUE S 1 N C NC NC NC N C N C NC N C N C N C N C NC N C N C LOS T 2.6 4

1.5 3 2.5 1 2. 7 28.1 7 2. 7 4.1 1 1.6 8 3.2 5 4.2 3 1.8 5 2.0 5 2.1 2 3.2 6 LOS T S ERRO R

TH-23 2 .17 5 .00072 1 .058 6 .00028 7 .80 7 .0032 9 1.8 3 .002 9 1. 5 .0015 5 .32 2 .0017 4 1.3 4 .0053 7 2. 7 .010 5 1.9 3 .0040 5 8.0 9 .0025 1 1.3 3 .0062 1 1.0 4 2.0 9 1.2 4 2.2 8 33.4 5 1.1 1 1.2 9 1.7 5 1.7 3 6.6 9 2.3 7 1.6 2 2.6 3 2.7 2 LOS T

NOT E S N

C = NO T COUNTE D LOS T = SAMPL E LOS T



### 8 7TABL E B - 3 . ACTIVIT Y

SAMPL E DESCRIPTION- - COAL 

### E SCRHATE RPCi/ L 

### E BOTTOM 

### E MC AS H 

### E V S SPEN T 

### E V S SPEN T 

### E FL YAS H 

### E FL YAS H 

### E FL YAS H 

### E FL YAS H 

### E FL YAS H 

### E
H C INLE T MC INLE T M C INLE T M C INLE T M C INLE T 

### AS H

SOLI D
LI Q PCi/ L G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U - F G T 10U-P B DAT A

A S USE D I S CALCULATION S

—-BADIONUCLIDES/ACTIVITIES(pCi/ L o r U-23 8 .19 8 .0010 4 1 .5 3 .0015 1 1.6 9 .0032 2 2.3 7 .007 2 

### 0 0 14. 2 .013 1 5.4 9 .011 3 3.0 1 .011 2 4.6 6 .0068 ? 9.1 9 .0028 1 3.0 2 .0088 7 TH E FOLLOUIN GDAi A G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 UP 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T I U H C OUTLE T G T 1 0 U M C OUTLETG T 1 0 UP K C OUTLE T 3-1 0 U M C OUTLE T 1- 3 U Mf . OUTLE T L T 1 U V S INLE T V S INLE T V S INLE T V S INLE T V S INLE T G T 1 0 U

G T 1 0 UP 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U 

### 2. 1

2.0 3 2.2 3 4.0 4 28.3 2 2.5 2 5.6 7 2.8 4 4.2 4 8:6 8 2.5 2 2.6 6 3.5 9 

### 3. 4 0 EA-22 6 .19 8 .0010 4 .20 4 .0015 4 1.5 9 .0021 8 2.2 8 .002 3 

### 2. 4 .004 3 .67 1 .002 3 23. 4 .047 5 6.8 6 .046 9 5.7 4 .015 3 10.3 8 .0037 5 12. 9 .025 1 SET S USED 1.5 5 1.8 3 

### 1. 1 7.7 8 59.2 2 3.4 5 3.0 3 

### 0 0 0 3. 1 3.6 6 2.9 4 5.5 6 

### 0 PO-21 0 .19 8 .0013 7 .57 2 .0013 1 .73 8 .0029 8 .92 4 .005 8 2.3 2 .0024 6 1.4 2 

### 0 19.5 6 .023 6 7.8 4 .019 3 11.8 6 .010 8 25.8 6 .0060 1 17.5 8 .028 2 HITHOU T 1.5 3 5.3 4 3.9 3 

### 5. 2 45.7 3 5.0 7 7.7 8 3.5 6 10.8 6 30.4 9 2.7 8 5.5 2 5.1 1 7.3 8 

### 0 PB-21 0 .19 8 .0010 4 

### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pCi/G)/2 - TH-23 0 .19 8 .00095 7 .03 6 

### 0 2.4 8 .0057 1 1.6 1 .002 7 .28 4 .00064 9 .72 4 .0025 5 2.3 5 .0071 4 3.8 1 .012 4 3.4 4 .0054 7 8.4 3 .0025 7 

### 1 1 .017 8 EBBO B VALUE S 1



### 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.6 4 1.5 3 2.5 1 

### 2. 7 28.1 7 

### 2. 7 4.1 1 1.6 8 3.2 5 4.2 3 1.8 5 2.0 5 2.1 2 3.2 6 

### 0 - S EBBOR TH-23 2 .17 5 .00072 1 .058 6 .00028 7 .80 7 .0032 9 1.8 3 .002 9 

### 1. 5 .0015 5 .32 2 .0017 4 1.3 4 .0053 7 

### 2. 7 .010 5 1.9 3 .0040 5 8.0 9 .0025 1 1.3 3 .0062 1 1.0 4 2.0 9 1.2 4 *.2 8 33.4 5 1.1 1 1.2 9 1.7 5 •1.7 3 6.6 9 2.3 7 1.6 2 2.6 3 2.7 2 

### 0



### 8 8TABL E B-4 . BADIONUCLID E BALANC E BESULT S

INFLUEN T O

REFFLUEN T STBEAM DESCRIPTIO N 

### pCi/h r Percen t o f tota l in/ou t

U-23 8 INCOAL U-23 8 I NSCRUBBE B UATE R U-23 8 I NTOTAL 6152877
. 25061. 4 6177938
. 99.5 9

U-23 8 OU T BOTTO M

AS H U-23 8 OU T M

C AS H U-23 8 OU T V S SPEN T U-23 8 OU T VS SPEN T U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H SOLI D LIQUI D G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L U-23 8 OU T TOTA L OUT/I N , t PROB E B TOTA L 

### 1229244
. 3355003
. 0 5424 4 2441.21 3 9471.31 4 11912.5 3 304.719 9 7437.59 7 17746.0 8 37400.9 3 4675892
. 75.6 9 26.2 9

71.7 5 0.0 0 1.1 6
2 5 0 1 1 6 3 8 0.8 0

RA22 6 INCOAL BA22 6 I NSCRUBBE B UATE B BA22 6 I NTOTAL
RA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OUT EA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OUT RA22 6 OUT RA22 6 OUT RA22 6 OUT BA22 6 OUT BA22 6 OUT RA22 6 OUT BA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OUT OUT/IN , 1 BOTTOM AS H

M C AS H VS SPEN T SOLI D VS SPEN T LIQUI D FLY AS H FL Y AS H FLY AS H FLY AS H FL Y AS H FLY AS H FLY AS H TOTA L TOTAL G T 1 0 U

G T 1 0 U PBOB E B G T 1 0 U TOTA

L 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U 6152877 . 3341.5 2 6156218 .
1156508 . 3227598 . 1261242 . 2563.2 2 10405.1 7 40456.9 4 50862.1 1 694.478 0 9161.33 2 20044.0 0 80761.9 2 5728673 . 9 9

2 0 5 6 2 2 0

0 0 0 0 1 9 5

1 9 .3 4 0 2 .0 4

8 9 0 1 1 6 3 5 4 1


### 93.0 6



### 8 9P.9 9

TABL E B-4 . (CONT'D )

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN T STBEA M DESCBIPTIO N pCi/h r

6152877 . 9369.3 6 6162246 .
536794. 2 1308027 . 1219200 . 5424. 4 8697.65 5 55134.3 4 63832.0 0 793.689 1 18929.1 6 49936.2 1 133491. 1 3202937 . 

### P

o f i Brcen t tota l n/ou t

99.8 5

16.7 6 40.8 4 38.0 7 0.1 7

1.9 9 0.0 2 0.5 9 1.5 6 4.1 7 P021 0 I

N COAL PO21 0 I

N SCRUBBE RMATE S PO21 0 I

N TOTA L
P021 0 OU T BOTTOM

AS H PO21 0 OU T M

C AS H PO21 0 OU T V S SPEN T P021 0 OU T V S SPEN T PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H P021 0 OU T FL YAS H PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H P02S 0 OU T FL YAS H P021 0 OU T FL YAS H P021 0 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN . % SOLI D LIQUI D G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U TOTAL PBOB E B

TOTA L

51.9 8

PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0

PB21 0 PB21 0 PBlx O PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 FB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 I

N COA L I N SCRUBBE R I N TOTA L HATE B

OU T BOTTO M

AS H OU T M C AS H OU T V S SPEN T OU T V S SPEN T OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H OU T TOTA L OUT/IN , X SOLID LIQUI D G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U TOTA L PROB E R

TOTAL 6152877 . 0 6152877 .

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0



### 9 0TABL E B-4 . (CONT'D ) P. 1

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN T STREA M DESCBIPTION pCi/h r

6152877
. 589.6 8 6153466
.
1803861
. 2279137
. 149246. 9 2765.6 8 1044.96 4 34498.1 7 35543.1 3 385.708 6 5490.41 5 16278.5 1 57697.7 6 4292709
. Percen t

of tota l in/ou t

99.9 9

42.0 2 53.0 9 3.4 8 0.0 6

0.8 3 0.0 1 0.1 3 0.3 8 1.3 4 TH23 0 I

N COAL TH23 0 I

N SCRUBBE RUATE R TH23 0 I

N TOTA L

TH23 0 OU T BOTTO M AS H TH23 0 OU T MC AS H TH23 0 OU T V S SPEN T TH23 0 OU T V S SPEN T TH23 0 OU T FL Y AS H TH23 0 OU T FL Y AS H TH23 0 OU T FL Y AS H TH23 0 OU T FL Y AS H TH23 0 OU T FL Y AS H TH23 0 OU T FL Y AS H TH23 0 OU T FL Y AS H TH23 0 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN , * SOLI D LIQUI D G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U
. L T 1 U fOTA L PBOB E B

TOTA L

69.7 6

TH23 2 I

N COAL TH23 2 IN

SCRUBBE B UATE R TH23 2 I

N TOTA L
TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T TH23 2 OU T OUT/IN , 1 BOTTO M

AS H M C AS H V S SPEN T SOLI D V S SPEN T LIQUI D FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H TOTA L TOTA L G T 1 0 U

G T 1 0 UPROB E R G T 1 0 UTOTAL 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U 5438148
. 959.86 8 5439108
.
586982. 2 2590572
. 788276. 1 1230.0 4 595.851 7 4171.14 2 4766.99 3 273.336 8 3080.37 8 15621.9 6 23742.6 7 3990803
. 9 9

1 4 6 4 1 9 0

0 0 0 0 0 9 8

• 7 1 9 1 7 5 .0 3

1 2 ,0 1 0 8 .3 9 5 9

73.3 7



### 9 1P. 2



### TABL E B-5 . MECHANICAL COLLECTO R(INLE T AN D OUTLET ) AN

D VENTUR I SCRUBBE R(INLET ) RADIOHUCLID E DATA

RADIONUCLIDE/STREA M DESCRIPTION

pCi/h r

U-23 8 MECHANICAL COLLECTO RINLE T 4740277 . U-23 8 MECHANICAL COLLECTO ROUTLE T 2046133. U-23 8 VENTUR I SCRUBBE RINLE T 1649162 .
RA-22 6 MECHANICAL COLLECTO RINLE T 3728457 . RA-22 6 MECHANICAL COLLECTO ROUTLE T 1019166 . RA-22 6 VENTUR I SCRUBBE RINLE T 1783033 .
PO-21 0 MECHANICAL COLLECTO RINLE T 6644366 . PO-21 0 MECHANICAL COLLECTO ROUTLE T 3468642 . PO-21 0 VENTUR I SCRUBBE RINLE T 2389162 .
PB-21 0 MECHANICAL COLLECTO RINLE T 0 PB-21 0 MECHANICAL COLLECTO ROUTLE T 0 PB-21 0 VENTUR I SCRUBBE RINLE T 0

TH-23 0 MECHANICAL COLLECTO RINLE T 5214233 . TH-23 0 MECHANICAL COLLECTO ROUTLE T 1594722 . TH-23 0 VENTUR I SCRUBBE RINLE T 1143460 .
TH-23 2 MECHANICAL COLLECTO RINLE T 2941582 . TH-23 2 MECHANICAL COLLECTO ROUTLE T 1052876 . TH-23 2 VENTUR I SCRUBBE RINLE T 1325185 .



## 9 2P. 3



### TABLE B-6 . ANALYTICA L DAT A AN D SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE

D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVIT

Y

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2
(1 ) ANALYTICA

L DATA— HCS S thimbl e pCi/thimbl e HCS S thimbl e pCi/thimbl e 0. 1 HN0 3 

### , pCi/ l

Water (DDI) , pCi/ l
SAS S filte

r pCi/filter SAS S filte

r pCi/filter 0.3 + 0 . 1 0.2 + 0.0 9 0 . 4 0.4 +

0 . 2 1.4 + 0 . 3 3.0 + 1. 0 <0. 2

0.4 + 0 . 2 <2. 0

<0.0 7 <0. 5 <0. 8

0.8 + 0 . 1 0.9 + 0 . 2 0.9 +

0 . 3 1.7 + 0 . 3 0.7 +

0 . 3 0.8 + 0 . 2 N

A

N A

N A

N A

N A

N A 0.46 +

0.0 8 0.27 + 0.0 7 0 . 4

0 . 1

0.8 + 0 . 1 0.5 + 0.09" - 0.3 +

0.0 7 0.3 + 0.0 8 0.6 + 0 . 3 0.2 + 0 . 2 1. 1 + 0 . 1 0.9 + 0 . 1
(2 ) FILTE RAN

D THIMBL

E(< 1 ym ) SAMPL

ERESULT S CORRECTE D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , PCi/hr — M C inle t ( 1 filter ) M C outle t ( 1 filter ) Scrubbe r

inle t ( 2 filters ) Scrubbe r

outle t ( 1 filter )

N A = N o analysis

. N D = No t

detectable

. N D 0.0 9 0.0 2

0.0 1 N

A 0. 1

0.00 5 0.0 1 N A

0.00 8 N

D 0.0 3 N A

N A

N A

N A 0.0 3

0.00 2

0.0 2

0.00 3 0.0 2

0.00 4

N A

N D

9 3P. 4

APPENDI XC
APPLE II I OUTPU T AND SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FORBLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , SIT E M-3 3



### 9 4

### TABL E C-l . SIT E M-3 3 INPU T DAT A (MEASURED AN

D CALCULATED ) P. 5



### DCR,G/H R LF , f ACR.G/HR CAC. f AIN,G/H R FA. G FA. G FA. G TVS.DSC F TVS.DSC F TVS.DSC F TF.DSCF M TF.DSCF M TF.DSCF M CONSTAN T CONSTAN T CONSTAN T FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/H R BAR,G/H R ESPA.G/H R ESPEFF, % FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA, G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G DESIG N COAL FEE D RAT E LOA D FACTOR . FRACTION ACTUAL COAL FEE D RAT E COAL AS H CONTENT , FRACTIO N AS H INPU T RAT E FLYAS H INLE T N

TOTA L FL YAS H INLE T S TOTA L FLYAS H OUTLE T TOTA L TOTAL VOLUM E SAMPLE D INLE T N TOTAL VOLUM E SAMPLE D INLE T S TOTAL VOLUM E SAMPLE D OUTLE T TOTAL FLO H INLE T N TOTAL FLO H INLE T S TOTAL FLO H OUTLE T INLE T N INLE T S OUTLE T TOTAL FL YAS H RAT E INLE T N TOTAL FL YAS H RAT E INLE T S TOTAL FLYAS H RAT E OUTLE T BOTTOM AS H RAT E ES P HOPPE RAS H RAT E ES P EFFICIENC Y FL YAS H INLE T N

G T 1 0 UPC FLYAS H INLE T N

G T 1 0 U1s t STAG E FL YAS H INLE T N

3-1 0 U2n

d STAG E FL YAS H INLE T N

1- 3 U3r

dSTAG E FLYAS H INLE T N

THIMBLE S L T 1 U FLYAS H INLE T N

IMPACTORRINS E L T 1 U S G T 1 0 U S G T 1 0 UP

R S 3-1 0 U S 1- 3 U S L T 1 U FLYAS H INLE T FLYAS H INLE T FLYAS H INLE T FLYAS H INLE T FLYAS H INLE T FLYAS H OUTLE T G T 1 0 U FLYAS H OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP R FL YAS H OUTLE T 3-1 0 U FL YAS H OUTLE T 1- 3 U FL YAS H OUTLE T L T 1 U 4.7947E 8 .8 2 3.9317E 8

. 15 1 5936797 5 1 1 .8756 1 69.2940 9 6.6217 6 56.54 9 329.28 3 857 . 14 8 79115 4 79593 6 122748 7 839435. 5 145030. 7 85923.5 7 9968809 . 1004977 4 568965. 3 3934939 3 1944961 7 97.1578 1 8.2402 9 .0607 6 .5870 6 1.5327 2 1.0464 3 .4083 5 39.609 8 .3188 5 .8221 1 .9576 5 .5856 8 .9640 3 .2600 1 .3987 6 .8693 7 .1295 9 2 3 4

9 5

### TABL E C-l . (CONT'D ) P. 6



### FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR BAR.L/H E ASR.L/HR BAHR.L/H R ESPA.L/H R ESPA.L/H R FLYAS H RAT E INLE T N G T 1 0 UP C FLYAS H RAT E INLE T N G T 1 0 U1s t STAG E FLYAS H RAT E INLE T N 3-1 0 U2n

dSTAG E FLYAS H RAT E INLE T N 1- 3 U3r

dSTAG E FLYAS H RAT E INLE T N L T 1 UTHIMBLE S FLYAS H RAT E INLE T NL T 1 UIMPACTORRINS E FLYAS H RAT E INLE T S G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 UP

R 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U FL YAS H RAT E INLE T S FLYAS H RAT E INLE T S FLYAS H RAT E INLE T S FLYAS H RAT E INLE T S FLYAS H RAT E OUTLE T G T 1 0 U FLYAS H RAT E OUTLE T G T 1 0 UP R FLYAS H RAT E OUTLE T 3-1 0 U FLYAS H RAT E OUTLE T 1- 3 U FLYAS H RAT E OUTLE T L T 1 U BOTTO M AS H RAT E (CONVERTE D TO L/HR ) AS H SLUIC E RATE , UATERAN D AS H BOTTOM AS H HATE RSLUIC E RAT E ES P ADDITIV E RATE—#504 1 ES P ADDITIV E RATE--#500 3

FAR,G/H R FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/H R FAR,G/HR BAR.L/H R« ASR.L/H R* BAHR.L/H R* ESPA.L/HR ESPA.L/H R 6917192 . 51004 . 1 0 492799. 0 1286620 . 878410. 5 342783. 5 5744639 . 46243.0 5 3454938 . 719011. 7 84941,6 1 254680. 1 22340.9 9 206110. 0 74699.3 8 11134.8 4 61355.5 8 5515790 8 5509655 2 327. 8 8 2



## 96P. 7

TABL E C-2 . ACTIVIT YDAT A A S BEPOBTE D B

YEP A LABORATOB Y

SAMPL E DESCBIPTIO N COAL E ESPAD504 1 pCi/ L E ESPAD500 3 pCi/ L E BOTASH/ D PCi/ L E BOTASH/ UpCi/ L E • UATEB/ D E NATEB/ U E ES P AS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E PCi/ L

pCi/ L

OU T >10 u OU T 3-10 u OU T 1- 3 u OU T <l u OU T >10 u P BADIONUCLIDES/ACTIVITIES (

U-23 8 1.1 2 .102 9 1.32 6 .492 1 5.77 8 .200 4 4.94 6 .231 3 .379 5 .74 2 .271 7 .263 2 .0330 1 1.584 7 3.51 7 .114 2 2.52 2 .134 5 4.57 8 .116 3 6.59 7 .112 9 15. 6 .159 8 4.4 7 .190 2
THE FOLLOUIN GDAT A SET S AB E FAI N P C FAI N 1st FAI N 2n c FAI N 3r c G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U FAI N THMB L T 1 U FAI N I B FAI S G T L T 1 U

1 0 U FAI S 3-1 0 U FAI S 1- 3 FAI S L T FAI S P B

NOT E : U

1 U G T 1 0 U 2.60 2

7.0 8 4.1 4 5.3 5 4.3 7 4.1 7 2.23 5 4.13 6 6.53 8 14.1 8 3.8 7

N C = NO T COUNTE D B = LES S BA-22 6 N C
N C N C

. 8 .2 7 9. 8 .0 5 .1 4

. 2 .3 4 .0 9 4 .0 2 3. 6 .0 3 3. 8 .0 2 3. 6 .0 3 7.7 2 .0 8 12. 3 .0 4 PO-21 0

N C
N C N C 0 .397 4 NC NC
NC 6.7 3 .167 1 B 5.1 8 .181 7 '22.4 3 .154 9 100.1 4 .168 9 1.5 2 .264 7 pCi/ Go r

PB-21 0 N C
N C N C 19.10 6 .846 3 NC NC
N C 5.56 2 .277 8 6.50 8 2.312 1 10.69 9 .400 4 8.83 6 .565 3 B 28.5 4 .943 3 USED HITHOU T THEI B EBBO B 3. 2 7.2 4 4.4 3 4.8 9 2.4 8 8.3 3 2. 5 4. 4 6. 2 13.3 2 6. 9

THA N BACKBOUN D . B 183.4 6 .7 6 10.7 9 7.3 9 5.3 7 1.8 1 4.4 3 19.5 9 161. 1 B 4.07 3

B 15.9 1 9.3 5 16.4 2 7.8 6 .55 6 8.3 3 9.06 8 13.0 9 27.3 7 pCi/L)/2 -

TH-23 0 1 .068 9 .968 8 .485 2 3.43 1 .292 9 .65 9 .535 8 5.28 2 .186 1 .017 4 1.414 4 .0644 6 .517 5 3.13 2 .056 1 3.25 4 .081 3 3.62 2 .072 6 3.65 9 .088 7 10.2 2 .168 1 4.0 2 .183 8 VALUE S : 3.08 3 4.8 1 8.9 2 1 .1 8 1.7 9 2. 6 3.45 5 3.58 1 3.66 6 6.6 6 2.2 1 - S EBBOR

TH-23 2 .71 9 .078 9 .210 6 .903 6 .22 5 1.23 2 .235 5 .895 1 3.76 6 .224 7 .0043 5 3.465 2 .0300 8 .85 8 2.12 7 .065 4 2.14 5 .097 4 2.55 9 .084 1 2.60 7 .10 3 8.8 1 .183 6 1.9 9 .258 5

• 2.11 4 3.2 5 5.9 8 .8 3 1.2 6 1.7 3 2.24 3 2.39 8 2.59 4 6.6 8 1.5 8



### 9 7

### P. 8

TABL E C-3 . ACTIVIT

YDAT A A S USE D IH CALCULATION S

SAMPLE DESCBIPTIO

N COA L E ESPAD504 1 PCi/ L E ESPAD500 3 PCi/ L E BOTASH/ D RADIONUCLIDES / U-23 8 RA-22 6

pCi/ L pCi/ L pCi/ L pCi/ L BOTASH/ U E UATEB/ D E UATEB/ U E ES P AS H E FL YAS H OU

T >10 u E FL YAS H OU

T 3-10 u E FL YAS H OUT 1- 3 u E FL YAS H OU

T <lu E FL YAS H OU

T >10 uP E 1.1 2 .102 9 1.32 6 .492 1 5.77 8 .200 4 4.94 6 .231 3 .379 5 .74 2 .271 7 .263 2 .0330 1 1.584 7 3.51 7 .114 2 2.52 2 .134 5 4.57 8 .116 3 6.59 7 .112 9 15. 6 .159 8 4.4 7 .190 2 1.1 2

.102 9 0 0 0 0

. 8 .2 7 9. 8 .0 5 .1 4

. 2 .3 4 .0 9 i 

### .0 2 3. 6 .0 3 3. 8 .0 2 3. 6 .0 3 7.7 2 .0 8 12. 3 .0 4ACTIVITIE S PO-21 0 1 .1 2 .102 9 0 0 0 0 0 .397 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.7 3 .167 1 0 0 5.1 8 .181 7 22.4 3 .154 9 100.1 4 .168 9 1.5 2 .264 7 (pCi/ Go

r PB-21 0 1.1 2 .102 9 0 0 0 0 19.10 6 .846 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.56 2 .277 8 6.50 8 2.312 1 10.69 9 .400 4 8.83 6 • w65 3 o 0 28.5 4 .943 3 PC./D/ 2

TH-23 0 1 .068 9 .968 8 .485 2 3.43 1 .292 9 .65 9 .535 8 5.28 2 .186 1 .017 4 1.414 4 .0644 6 .517 5 3.13 2 .056 1 3.25 4 .081 3 3.62 2 .072 6 3.65 9 .038 7 10.2 2 .168 1 4.0 2 .183 8 - S ERRO R TH-23 2 .71 9 .078 9 .210 6 .903 6 .22 5 1.23 2 .235 5 .895 1 3.76 6 .224 7 .0043 5 3.465 2 .0300 8 .85 8 2.12 7 .065 4 2 . 14 5 .097 4 2.55 9 .084 1 2.60 7 .10 3 8.8 1 .183 6 1.9 9 .258 5 THE FOLLOUIN

GDAT A SET S ABE USE

D HITHOU

T THEI B EBBOB VALUE S I FAI N P C G T 1 0 U FAIN 1s t G T 1 0 U FAI H 2n d3-i C U FAI N 3r d1- 3 U FAIN THM B LT 1 U FAIN I B LT 1 U FAI S G T 1 0 U FAI S 3-1 0 U FAI S 1- 3 U FAI S L T 1 U FAI S PE G

T 1 0 U 2.60 2

7.0 8 4.1 4 5.3 5 4.3 7 4.1 7 2.23 5 4.13 6 6.53 8 14.1 8 3.8 7 3 . 2

7.2 4 4.4 3 4.8 9 2.4 8 8.3 3 2 . 5 4. 4 6 . 2 13.3 2 6 . 9 0

183.4 6 .7 6 10.7 9 7.3 9 5.3 7 1.8 1 4.4 3 19.5 9 161. 1 0 4.07 3

0 15.9 1 9.3 5 16.4 2 7.8 6 .55 6 8.3 3 9.06 8 13.0 9 27.3 7 3.08 3

4.8 1 8.9 2 1.1 8 1.7 9 2 . 6 3.45 5 3.58 1 3.66 6 6.6 6 2.2 1 2.11 4

3.2 5 5.9 8 .8 3 1.2 6 i.7 3 2.24 3 2.39 8 2.59 4 6.6 8 1.5 8



### 9 8TABL E C-4 . RADIONUCLID E BALANC E BESULT S P. 9

INFLUEN T OP . EFFLUEN T STBEA M DESCRIPTION pCi/h r

4.4035E 8 3392.89 6 908.458 8 4.4035E 8 2.9374E 8 6840430 5 99864.2 2 642303. 1 742167. 3 943571. 7 492791. 8 173703. 4 2352234 . 3.6450E 8 Percen t

o f tota l in/ou t

100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

80.5 9 18.7 7

0.2 0 0.2 6 0.1 4 0.0 5 0.6 5 U-23 8 IN

COA L U-23 8 I N

BOTTOM

AS H HATE R U-23 8 IN

ES P ADDITIVE S U-23 8 I

N TOTA L U-23 8 OU T BOTTO M

AS H U-23 8 OU T ES P AS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UP B U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UTOTA L U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U U-23 8 OU T TOTA L FL YAS H . U-23 8 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN, X 82.7 8

BA22 6 IN

COA L BA22 6 IN

BOTTOM

AS H UATE B BA22 6 I

N ES F ADDITIVE S BA22 6 I

N TOTA L RA22 6 OU T BOTTO M

AS H RA22 6 OU T ES P AS H BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UP B BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UTOTA L BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H 3-! 0 U BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U BA22 6 OU T TOTA L FL YAS H BA22 6 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN , X 4.4035E 8 5344.72 1

0 4.4035E 8 5.8467E 8 7779847 0 274794. 2 916848. 2 1191642 . 783218. 1 268917. 8 85960.9 3 2329739 . 6.6480E 8 150.9 7 10 0

0 0

8 7 1 1

0 0 0 0 . 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0

9 5 7 0

.1 8 1 2 .0 4 0 1 3 5



### 9 9TABL E C-4 . (CONT'D ) P.1 0

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN T STBEA M DESCBIPTIO N pCi/h r

4.4035E 8

0 0 4.4035E 8

0 1.3090E 8 33958.3 0

0 33958.3 0 1067650 . 1675507 . 1115042 . 3892158 . 1.3479E 8 Percen t

of tota l in/ou t

100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 97.1 1

0.0 3 0.7 9 1.2 4 0.8 3 2.8 9 P021 0 I

N COA L P021 0 I

N BOTTOM

AS H UATE B PO21 0 I

N ES P ADDITIVE S PO21 0 I

N TOTA L PO21 0 OU T BOTTOM

AS H P021 0 OU T ES P AS H PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UP B PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UTOTAL P021 0 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U P021 0 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U PO21 0 OU T TOTA L FLYAS H PO21 0 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN. % 30.6 1

PB21 0 IN

COA L PB21 0 I

N BOTTO M

AS H UATE B PB21 0 IN

ES P ADDITIVE S PB21 0 I

N TOTA L PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 FE21 0 PB21 0 FB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 PB21 0 OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T OU T BOTTO M

AS H ES P AS H FL YAS H G T 1 0 UP B FL YAS H G T 1 0 U FL YAS H G T 1 0 UTOTA L FL YAS H 3-1 0 U FL YAS H 1- 3 U FL YAS H L T 1 U TOTA L FL YAS H TOTA L OUT/IN, X 4.4035E 8 0 0 4.4035E 8 1.0538E 9 1.0818E 8 637611. 8 1657458 . 2295070 . 2205171 . 660043. 7

0 5160285 . 1.1672E 9 265.0 6 100.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0

90.2 9 9.2 7

0.2 0 0.1 9 0.0 6 0.0 0 0.4 4



### 10 0TABL E C-4 . (CONT'D ) P.1 1

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN T STBEA M DESCBIPTION pCl/h r

3.9317E 8 911.497 7 598.914 6 3.9317E 8 3.2769E 8 6091620 2 89810.7 7 828728. 9 918539. 7 746530. 5 273325. 0 113798. 0 2052193 . 3.9066E 8 Percen t

o f tota l in/ou t

100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0

83.8 8 15.5 9

0.2 4 0.1 9 0.0 7 0.0 3 0.5 3 TH23 0 IN

COAL TH23 0 IN

BOTTOM

AS H UATE B TH23 0 I

N ES P ADDITIVE S TH23 0 IN

TOTA L TH23 0 OU T BOTTOM

AS H TH23 0 OU T ES P AS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UP B TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UTOTA L TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U TH23 0 OU T TOTA L FL YAS H TH23 0 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN, X 99.3 6

TH23 2 IN

COAL TH23 2 I

N BOTTOM

AS H UATE B TH23 2 I

N LS P ADDITIVE S TH23 2 I

N TOTA L TH23 2 OU T BOTTOM

AS H TH23 2 OU T ES P AS H TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UP B TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UTOTA L TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U TH23 2 OU T TOTA L FL YAS H TH23 2 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN, X 2.8269E 8 383.372 4 87.4846 8 2.8269E 8 2.2071E 8 4136933 6 44458.5 7 546288. 7 590747. 3 527435. 6 19474 1 . 3 98097.9 1 1411022 . 2.6349E 8 10 0

0 0

8 3 15 .
0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0

7 6 7 0

2 2 2 0 .0 7 0 4 .5 4

93.2 1



### 10 1P.1 2



### TABL E C-5 . ELECTBOSTATI C PRECIPITATO RINLE T RADIONUCLID E DAT A AN D ESTIMATION

OF HATERSLUIC E RATE(TH-23 0 BALANCE ) pCi/hr Unles s RADIONUCLIDE/STREA M DESCRIPTION

Note d

U-23 8 ES P NORT H INLE T 3255130 7 U-23 8 ES P SOUT H INLE T 3321322 5 U-23 8 TOTAL ES P INLE T 6576453 2 RA-22 6 ES P NORT H INLE T 3601279 9 RA-22 6 ES P SOUT H INLE T 3547169 8 RA-22 6 TOTAL ES P INLE T 7148449 8 PO-21 0 ES P NORT H INLE T 3194656 7 PO-21 0 ES P SOUT H INLE T 5347270 6 PO-21 0 TOTAL ES P INLE T 8541927 3 PB-21 0 ES P NORT H INLE T 6516182 9 PE-21 0 ES P SOUT H INLE T 4087121 3 PB-21 0 TOTAL ES P INLE T 1.0603E 8 TH-23 0 ES P NORT H INLE T 2994860 4 TH-23 0 ES P SOUT H INLE T 3552366 7 TH-23 0 TOTAL ES P INLE T 6547227 1 TH-23 2 ES P NORT H INLE T 2050335 3 TH-23 2 ES P SOUT H INLE T 2367575 8 TH-23 2 TOTAL ES P INLE T 4417911 1

TH-23 0 BOTTOM

AS H (E

YDIFFERENCE ) 3.2769E 8 TOTAL SLUIC E RAT E L/HR5515790 8
HATERSLUIC E RAT E L/HR5509655 2



## 10 2P.1 3

TABL E C-6

. ANALYTICA LDAT A AN D SAMPL

ERESULT S CORRECTE D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVIT Y

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2
( 1 ) ANALYTICA

L DATA — HCS S thimble s pCi/ 2 thimble s
SAS S filter s pCi/ 2 filter s
0. 1 HHIO3 , pCi/ l

Wate r (DDI) , pCi/ l

(2 ) FILTE

RAN D THIMBLE ( < 1 um ) SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , uCi/hr —
Northan

d Sout hinlet s 7. 8 7. 0 7 0 1 0 2. 7 2. 0 ( 2 thimbles , 3 filters )
ES P outle t 0.0 8 N D 0. 8 N D 0.0 3 N D ( 1 filter ) 0.3 + 36 %
1.4 + 18 %
0.4 + 67 l
0.2 + 112 % 0.6 +

17 %
2. 1 + 5 %
5.8 + 11 1
1.5 + 19 % 1. 1 +

46 %
1. 1 + 30 %
0.5 + 96 1
0.4 + 85 f 4.0 +

233 %
7.0 + 77 %
36 + 36 1
8 + 161% " 0.3 +

32 %
1.6 + 14 %
0.7 + 70 1
2 + 39 l 0.5 +

25 %
1.9 + 13 %
-0.05 + 200 %
0.6 + 67% *

N D = No t detectable .

10 3P.1 4



### APPENDI X D
APPL E II I OUTPUT AN D SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FO R BLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , SIT E M-3 4



### 10 4TABL E D-l . SIT E M-3 4 INPU T DAT A (MEASURE D AN

D CALCULATED ) P.1 5

DCS.G/H RDESIGN COAL FEE D RAT E LF . f LOAD FACTOR . FBACTIO N ACB.G/H RACTUA L COAL FEE D RAT E CAC f COAL AS H CONTENT , FBACTIO N AIN,G/H RAS H INPU T RAT E BAS.G/H B BOTTO M AS H BAT E FAB.G/H B FL YAS H BAT E ES P INLE T FA, GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B INLE T (1/4 ) FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T TVS.DSC F TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D SCRUBBE RINLE T (1/4 ) TVS.DSC F TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D SCRUBBE B OUTLE T TF.DSCF M

TOTA L FLO USCBUBBE B INLE T (1/4 ) TF.DSCF M

TOTA L FLO H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T CONSTAN T SCBUBBE B INLE T (1/4 ) CONSTAN T SCBUBBE B OUTLE T FAB.G/H RFL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B INLE T (1/4 ) FAB,G/H RFL YAS H BATE SCBUBBE B OUTLE T FAR.G/H RTOTA L FL YAS H BATE SCRUBBE B INLE T HAR.G/H B ES P AS H BAT E ESPEFF , XES P EFFICIENC Y SAR,G/H RSCRUBBE B AS H BAT E (PARTICULATE ) SEFF . XSCBUBBE B EFFICIENC Y(PABTICULATE ) SSB.L/H RSCBUBBE RSLUDG E BAT E UD SSB.L/H B SCBUBBE B SLUDG E BAT E D LFB.G/H B LIMESTON E FEED BAT E SHB.L/H B SCBUBBE B UATE B BATE FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T G T 1 0 U FA, GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T G T 1 0 UPBECUTTE B FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T 3-1 0 U FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T 1- 3 U FA. GFL YAS H SCBUBBE B OUTLE T L T 1 U FAB,G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCRUBBE B OUTLE T G T 1 0 U FAB.G/H B FL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE ROUTLE T G T 1 0 UPEECUTTE R FAB,G/H RFL YAS H BAT E SCBUBBE B OUTLE T 3-1 0 U FAB.G/H E FL YAS H BAT E SCRUBBE ROUTLE T 1- 3 U FAR,G/H RFL YAS H RAT E SCRUBBE ROUTLE T L T 1 U 6.4994E 8 .902 5 5.8657E 8 .13 1 1.3550E 8 2709944 2 1.0840E 8 .0342 2 .1794 8 46.48 1 953.09 3 53965 6 245820 7 696615. 0 154751. 3 23838.1 6 27774.7 7 108586 . 1 1.0829E 8 99.8998 3 80811.3 3 74.4214 3 197 6 2096 4 678230 0 11200 0 .016 5 .023 3 .0723 6 .041 6 .0257 2 2553.39 7 3605.70 6 11197.8 1 6437.65 6 3980.20 4

10 5P.1 6



### TABL E D-l .

FA. G FA. G FA , G FA, G FA. G FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/H R FAR.G/HR FAR,G/HR (CONT'D )

FLYAS H FL YAS H FLYAS H FLYAS H FLYAS H FLYAS H FL YAS H FLYAS H FLYAS H FLYAS H SCRUBBE RINLE T G T 1 0 UP C

SCRUBBE RINLE T G T 1 0 U1s t STAG E SCRUBBE RINLE T 3-1 0 U2n dSTAG E SCRUBBE RINLE T 1- 3 U3r dSTAG E SCRUBBE RINLE T L T 1 U RAT E SCRUBBE RINLE T G T 1 0 UP C RAT E SCRUBBE RINLE T G T 1 0 U1s t STAG E RAT E SCRUBBE RINLE T 3-1 0 U2n d STAG E RAT E SCRUBBE RINLE T 1- 3 U3r dSTAG E RAT E SCRUBBE RINLE T L T 1 U

FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FAR,G/H R FAR,G/HR FAR,G/HR FAR.G/H R FAR,G/H R .0308 5 .0001 6 .0006 3 .0022 3 .0003 5 97892.5 0 507.708 3 1999.10 1 7076.18 4 1110.61 2

10 6P.1 7

TABL E D-2 . ACTIVIT YDAT A A S REPORTE D B YEP A LABOBATOB Y

SAMPL E DESCBIPTIO N RADIONUCLIDES/ACTIVITIES<PCi/ L o r pCi/G)/2- S ERRO R
COA L E LIMESTON E E SCBUBBE B UATE B E BOTTO M AS H E ES P AS H E SCRUBBE I E SCRUBBE I E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E [ SLUDG E
t SLUDG E
G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U
3-1 0 U
1- 3 U
L T 1 U U D

D

P B U-23 8

1.6 6

. 103 2 .585 9

. 177 2 .134 9 .417 1 2.70 8

. 108 3 N C
21.1 2 .171 1 1.69 6 .347 1 4.3 1 .761 4 .5 7 2.610 6 4.1 3 .364 8 7.0 5 .374 7 3 3 .220 3 RA-22 6

N C
N C .1 6 .1 7 3. 7 .0 2 N C 5. 8 .0 7 3. 8 .1 1 14.5 5 .2 2 18.8 8 .1 3 11.0 6 .0 9 15.3 8

. 1 45. 1 .0 7 PO-21 0

N C
N C N C B N C
N C H C B 9.3 4 .866 3 B
B 118. 4 .29 6 PB-21 0

H C
H C H C
4.56 2 .239 8 H C
HC H C 558. 8 .992 1 B
164. 5 .617 3 157. 3 .829 3 B TH-23 0

1.5 9 .059 7 .556 5 .124 4 .0954 8 .446 8 2.54 2 .065 5 N C
22.9 1 .101 3 .635 2 .560 1 6.7 2 .705 9 1.2 4 1 .414 6 4.3 3 .325 8 3.2 8 .634 3 28.7 4 .215 8 TH-23 2

1.1 1 .069 2 .076 9 .334 1 .0477 4 .656 5 1.99 5 .071 5 N C
2.0 6 .329 4 .039 7 3.463 5 1.5 5 1.490 6 B
1 .8 4 .486 3 3.0 9 .500 9 37.4 5 .19 2
TH E FOLLOUIN GDAT A SET S AB E USE D HITHOU T THEI B EBBO B VALUE S (SCBUBBE B INLET- - HCS S BUH )
FAS I G T 1 0 UP C FA S I G T 1 0 U1s t FAS I 3-1 0 U2n d FAS I 1- 3 U3r d FAS I L T 1 U 1. 2 74. 4 12 8 54. 1 44 0 5.1 9

200 0 44 4 14 3 240 0 B

540 8 79 4 35 9 H C 93.8 4

B 20 5 B H C .8 2

15 3 20 1 B 68 2 1. 1

10 2 12. 5 3.9 4 55 1

NOT E J N C = NO T COUNTE D

B - LES S THA N

BACKROUN D

10 7TABL E D-3
. ACTIVIT Y DAT AA S USED ) E M CALCULATION S

SAMPL E DESCBIPTION- - COAL E LIMESTON Ein SCBUBBE B UATE B E BOTTOM AS H E ES P AS H (M-33 ) E SCBUBBE B SLUDG E E SCBUBBE B SLUDG E E FL YAS H G T 1 0 U E FL YAS H G T 1 0 U E FL YAS H 3-1 0 Un FL YAS H 1- 3 U E FL YAS H L T 1 U E UD

D

P B - - -BADlOroCLlDES / ACTI. V IT I E S ( PC i / L o r U-23 8 1.6 6

. 103 2 .585 9 .177 ? .134 9 .417 1 2.70 8 .108 3 3.51 7 .114 2 21.1 2 .171 1 1.69 6 .347 1 4.3 1 .761 4 .5 7 2.610 6 4.1 3 .364 8 7.0 5 .374 7 3 3 .220 3 IA-2:2:6 .

li«&6, .

. , «0>3! 2 .,5)8!3.9 > .liTT O .116 . ..£7 ' 3J..7 ' .&Z 4 - .0 2 5. 8 .0 7 3.8 -

. 1 1 14.5 5 .2 2 t&. 8 8 .1 3 U.0 6 .0 9 15.3 8

. 1 45. 1 .0 7 PO-21 0

1.6 6 .103 2 .585 9 .177 2 0 0 0 .223 5 6.7 3 .167 1 0 0 0 0 0 2.491 5 9.3 4 .866 3 0 .497 7 0 .30 4 118. 4 .29 6 PB-21 0

1.6 6 .103 2 .585 9 .177 2 0 0 4.56 2 .239 8 5.56 2 .277 8 0 0 0 0 558. 8 .992 1 0 fj 164. 5 .617 3 157. 3 .829 3 0 0 pCi/G)/2 - TH-23 0 1.5 9 .059 7 .556 5 .124 4 .0954 8 .446 8 2.54 2 .065 5 3.13 2 .056 1 22.9 1 .101 3 .'635 2 .560 1 6.7 2 .705 9 1.2 4 1.414 6 4.3 3 .325 8 3.2 8 .634 3 28.7 4 .215 8 - S EBBOR

TH-23 2 1.1 1 .069 2 .076 9 .334 1 .0477 4 .656 5 1.99 5 .071 5 2.12 7 .065 4 2.0 6 .329 4 .039 7 3.463 5 1.5 5 1.490 6 0 0 1.8 4 .486 3 3.0 9 .500 9 37.4 5 .19 2
TH E FOLLOUIN

G DAT ASET S AB E USE D HITHOUT THEI B EBBO B VALUE S (SCBUBBE B INLET-

- HCS S RUN )
FAS I FAS I FAS I FAS I FAS I G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U P C

1s t 2n d 3rd 1. 2

74. 4 12 8 54. 1 44 0 5.1 9

200 0 44 4 14 3 240 0 0

540 8 79 4 35 9 0 9 3 .8 4

0 20 5 0 0 .8 2

15 3 20 1 0 68 2 1. 1

10 2 12. 5 3.9 4 55 1



### 10 8

### TABL E D-4 . BADIOHUCLID E BALANCE RESULT S P.1 9



### INFLUEHT O

REFFLUENT STBEA

M DESCBIPTIO

N pCi/h r

9.7370E 8 3973750 . 15108. 8 9.7769E 8 7338528 8 3.8085E 8 41733.1 2 35554.9 4 11005.1 4 2055.25 3 13060.3 9 46246.9 4 45385.4 7 131346. 7 236039. 6 4.5455E 8 Percen t

of tota l in/ou t

99.5 9 0.4 1

16.1 4 83.7 9 0.0 1 0.0 1

0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 5 

### U-23 8 I N COA L U-23 8 I N LIMESTON

E U-23 8 I N SCBUBBEB UATEB U-23 8 I N TOTA L U-23 8 OU

T BOTTO M AS H U-23 8 OU

T ES P AS H U-23 8 OU

T SPEN T SCBUBBE B SLUDG

E (UD ) U-23 8 OU

T SPEHT SCRUBBEB SLUDG E (D ) U-23 8 OU

T FL YAS H G

T 1 0 U U-23 8 OU

T FL YAS H G

T 1 0 UPBECUTTEB U-23 8 OU

T FL YAS H TOTA

L G T 1 0 U U-23 8 OU

T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U U-23 8 OU

T FL YAS H 1- 3 U U-23 8 OU

T FL YAS H LT 1 U U-23 8 OU

T FL YAS H TOTA

L U-23 8 OU

T TOTA L OUT/IH , X 46.4 9

BA22 6 I H COA L BA22 6 I H LIMESTON

E BA22 6 I N SCRUBBE

RUATE R BA22 6 I N TOTA L BA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T RA22 6 OU

T RA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T RA22 6 OU

T BA22 6 OU

T OUT/IN , X BOTTO

M AS H ES P AS H SPEN T SCBUBBE B SLUDG

E (UD ) SPEN T SCRUBBE

RSLUDG

E (D ) FL YAS H G

T 1 0 U FL YAS H G

T 1 0 UPBECUTTEB FL YAS H TOTA

L G T 1 0 U FL YAS H 3-1 0 U FL YAS H 1- 3 U FL YAS H LT 1 U FL YAS H TOTA

L TOTA L 9.7370E 8 3973750 . 1792 0 9.7769E 8 1.0027E 8 4.3316E 8 11460. 8 79663. 2 37151.9 3 68075.7 3 105227. 7 123847. 7 99011.1 5 179507. 2 507593. 8 5.3402E 8 9 9

0

1 8 8 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 .5 9 4 1

7 8 1 1 0 0 .0 1

0 2 0 2 0 2 0 3 1 0



### 54.6 2



### 10 9TABL E D-4 . (COHT'D )

IHFLUEH T O B EFFLUEH T STBEA M DESCBIPTIO H Percen t of toU l pCi/h r in/ou t

FO21 0 IH COAL P021 0 I H LIMESTOH E PO21 0 IH SCBUBBE B UATE B PO21 0 I H TOTA L 9.7370E 8 3973750 .

0 9.7768E 8 99.5 9

0.4 1

PO21 0 OU T BOTTOM

AS H P021 0 OU T ES P AS H PO21 0 OU T SPEH T SCBUBBE B SLUDG E (UD ) P021 0 OU T SPEH T SCBUBBE B SLUDGE (D ) PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U P021 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UPBECUTTE B PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L G T 1 0 U P021 0 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U PO21 0 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L P021 0 OU T TOTA L 7.2879E 8 0 0 0 33677.3 0 33677.3 0

0 0 471256. 2 504933. 5 7.2929E 8 0.0 0

99.9 3 0.0 0 0.0 0

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 0.0 7

OUT/IH , X 74.5 9

PB21 0 I H COA L PB21 0 I H LIMESTOH E PB21 0 I H SCBUBBE B UATE B PB21 0 I H TOTA L PB21 0 OU T BOTTO M

AS H PB21 0 OU T ES P AS H PB21 0 OU T SPEH T SCBUBBE B SLUDG E (UD ) PB21 0 OU T SPEN T SCRUBBE B SLUDG E (D ) PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UPBECUTTE B PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L G T 1 0 U PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L PB21 0 OU T TCTA L OUT/IN . X 9.7370E 8 3973750 .

0 9.7768E 8 1.2363E 8 6.0230E 8

0 0 1426838 .

0 1426838 . 1842039 . 1012643 .

0 4281521 . 7.3021E 8 9 9

0 .

1 6 8 2 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 5 9 4 1

9 3 4 8 0 0 .0 0

2 0 2 5 1 4 .0 0 5 9

74.6 9

11 0TABL E D-4 . (CONT'D ) P.2 1

INFLUEH T OB EFFLUEH T STBEA M DESCBIPTIO H Percen t of tota l pCi/h r in/ou t

TH23 0 IH COA L TH23 0 I

N LIMESTON E TH23 0 I

N SCRUBBE B UATE R TH23 0 I

N TOTA L TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 TH23 0 OU T BOTTO M

AS H OU T ES P AS H OU T SPEN T SCBUBBE B SLUDG E (UD ) OU T SPEH T SCBUBBE B SLUDG E (D ) OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UPBECUTTE B OU T FL YAS H TOTA L G T 1 0 U

3-1 0 U 1- 3 U OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U OU T FL YAS H TOTA L OU T TOTA L OUT/IH , X 9.3264E 8 3774350 . 10693.7 6 9.3643E 8 6888678 0 3.3916E 8 45270.1 6 13316.3 3 17158.8 3 4471.07 6 21629.9 0 48486.5 0 2111 5 ..5

1 114391. 1 205623. 0 4.0831E 8 43.6 0 99.6 0

0.4 0

16.8 7 83.0 6 0.0 1 0.0 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0.0 5

TH23 2 I H COAL TH23 2 I H LIMESTON E TH23 2 I

N SCBUBBE B UATE B TH23 2 IN

TOTA L TH23 2 OU T BOTTOM

AS H TH23 2 OU T ES P AS H TH23 2 OU T SPEN T SCBUBBE B SLUDG E (UD ) TH23 2 OU T SPEN T SCBUBBE B SLUDG E (D ) TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T 1 0 UPEECUTTE R TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L G T 1 0 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L TH23 2 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN . X 6.5109E 8 521558. 9 5346.8 8 6.5162E 8 5406338 6 2.3033E 8 4070.5 6 832.270 8 3957.76 6

0 3957.76 6 20603.9 6 19892.3 6 149058. 7 193512. 7 2.8459E 8 9 9

0

1 9 8 0 0 0

0 0 . 0 0 . 0 .9 2 .0 8

.0 0 9 3 .0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 7

43.6 7



### 11 1

## TABL E D-5
. ME T LIMESTON E SCRUBBE R INLE T RADIONUCLID E DAT A

RADIONUCLIDE/STREA

M DESCRIPTIO

NpCi/hr

U-23 8 SCRUBBE R INLE T (1/ 4 DUCTS--MEASURED ) 1282620
. U-23 8 SCRUBBE R INLE T (TOTAL--ESTIMATED ) 5842511
.

BA-22 6 SCRUBBE R INLE T (1/ 4 DUCTS--MEASURED ) 6088442
. HA-22 6 SCRUBBE R INLE T (TOTAL--ESTIMATED ) 2773368 8

PO-21 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T (1/ 4 DUCTS—MEASURED ) 6873323
. PO-21 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T (TOTAL—ESTIMATED ) 3130892 6

PB-21 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T (1/ 4 DUCTS—MEASURED ) 9596048
. PB-21 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T (TOTAL—ESTIMATED ) 4371131 2

TH-23 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T (1/ 4 DUCTS--MEASURED ) 1317208
. TH-23 0 SCRUBBE R INLE T (TOTAL--ESTIMATED ) 6000062
.
TH-23 2 SCRUBBE R INLE T (1/ 4 DUCTS—MEASURED ) 824284. 0 TH-23 2 SCRUBBE R INLE T (TOTAL—ESTIMATED ) 3754727
.

11 2P.2 3

TABL E D-6
. ANALYTICA L DAT AAN D SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FO R BLAN K

RADIOACTIVIT Y

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2


### (1 ) ANALYTICAL DATA — HCS S thimble s pCi/ 2 thimble s SAS S filter s pCi/ 2 filter s 0. 1 HN0 3 > 

### pCi/ l

Wate r (DDI) , pCi/ l
(2 ) FILTE R AN

D THIMBL E (< 1 um ) SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FOR BLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , VCi/hr — Scrubbe r inle t N D N

D N

AN

AN

D N

D ( 1 thimble ) Scrubbe r outle t 0.0 3 0.0 2 0.4 8 N D N

D N

D ( 1 filter ) 0.3 + 36 % 1.4 + 18 % 0.4 + 67 % 0.2 + 112 % 0.6 +

17 %
2. 1 + 

### 5 %
5.8 + 

### 11 1
1.5 + 

### 19 % 1. 1 +



### 46 %
1. 1 + 

### 30 %
0.5 + 

### 96 l
0.4 + 

### 85 % 4.0 +

233 %
7.0 + 

### 77 % 36 + 36 l 8 + 161 % 0.3 +



### 32 %
1.6 + 

### 14 %
0.7 + 

### 70 l 2 + 39 % 0.5 +



### 25 %
1.9 + 

### 13 %
-0.05 + 200 %
0.6 + 

### 67 %

N A= N o analysis
. N D = No t detectable
.



### 11 3P.2 4



### APPENDI XE
APPL E II I OUTPUT AN D SAMPLE RESULT S CORRECTE

D FO RBLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , SITE M-9 9



### 11 4TABL E E-l . SITE M-9 9 INPU T DAT A (MEASURE D AN

D CALCULATED )

DCS,G/H R LF . f ACR.G/H R CAC , f AIN,G/H R FA. G FA. G FA, G TVS.DSC F TVS.DSC F TVS.DSC F TF.DSCF M TF.DSCF M TF.DSCF M CONSTAN T CONSTAN T CONSTAN T FAR.G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R HAR.G/H R ESPEFF , X BAR.G/H R* CYIN.G/HR * CYAB.G/HB * CYCEFF , X * FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA, G FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FA. G FA, G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA. G FA, G FA. G FA. G FA. G FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H H FAR,G/H R FAR.G/H E FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R FAR,G/H R DESIGN COAL FEE D BAT E LOA D FACTOR , FRACTION ACTUA L COAL FEED RAT E COAL AS H CONTENT , FRACTIO N AS H INPU T RAT E ES P EAS T INLE T TOTAL ES P WES T INLE T TOTAL ES P OUTLE T TOTA L TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D ES P EAS T INLE T TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D ES P WES T INLE T TOTA L VOLUM E SAMPLE D ES P OUTLE T TOTA L FLO

W ES P EAS T INLE T TOTA L FLO

W ES P HES T INLE T TOTA L FLO H ES P OUTLE T ES P EAS T INLE T ES P WES T INLE T ES P OUTLE T FL YAS H RAT E ES ? EAS T INLE T FL YAS H RAT E ES P WES T INLE T FL YAS H RAT E ES P OUTLE T ES P HOPPE RAS H RAT E ES P EFFICIENC Y BOTTOM AS H RAT E CYCLON E IMLE T AS H BAT E CYCLON E HOPPE B AS H BAT E CYCLON E EFFICIEHC Y FL YAS H ES P OUTLE T G T 1 0 U FL YAS H ES P OUTLE T G T 1 0 UPBOBE BIHS E FL YAS H ES P OUTLE T 3-1 0 U FL YAS H ES P OUTLE T 1- 3 U FL YAS H ES P OUTLE T L T 1 U FL YAS H BATE ES P OUTLE T G T 1 0 U FL YAS H BATE ES P OUTLE T G T 1 0 UPBOB E BINS E FL YAS H BATE ES P OUTLE T 3-1 0 U FL YAS H RAT E ES P OUTLE T 1- 3 U FL YAS H RAT E ES P OUTLE T L T 1 U FL YAS H ES P WES T INLE T G T 1 0 U FL YAS H ES P WES T INLE T G T 1 0 UPR FL YAS H ES P WES T INLE T 3-1 0 U FL YAS H ES P WES T INLE T 1- 3 U FL YAS H ES P WES T INLE T L T 1 U FL YAS H ES P EAS T INLE T G T 1 0 U FL YAS H ES P EAS T INLE T GT 1 0 U FL YAS H ES P EAS T INLE T 3-1 0 U2n dSTAG E FL YAS H ES P EAS T INLE T 1- 3 U3r dSTAGE FL YAS H ES P EAS T INLE T L T 1 U FL YAS H RAT E ES P HES T INLE T G T 1 0 U FL YAS H RAT E ES P HES T INLE T G T 1 0 UPR FL YAS H RAT E ES P WES T INLE T 3-1 0 U FL YAS H RAT E ES P WES T INLE T 1- 3 U FL YAS H RAT E ES P WES T INLE T L T 1 U FL YAS H RAT E ES P EAS T INLE T G T 1 0 U1s t STAG E FL YAS H RAT E ES P EAS T INLE T GT 1 0 UI B FL YAS H RAT E ES P EAS T INLE T 3-1 0 U2n dSTAG E FL YAS H RAT E ES P EAS T INLE T 1- 3 U3rdSTAG E FL YAS H RAT E ES P EAS T INLE T L T 1 U 1s t STAG E I E 5316722 9

. 8 3 4412880 0 .090 3 3984831 . 4.4602 6 16.5513 7 2.6490 8 110.67 5 399.43 9 1752.97 8 9139 1 9406 4 21930 3 49545.6 1 14129.4 2 7506.18 7 220986. 3 233861. 2 19884.4 9 434963. 0 95.6283 2 2390898 . 1593932 . 1139085 . 71.463* 1 .693 5 .753 8 .4410 5 .3119 9 .4487 4 5205.54 0 5658.16 3 3310.60 4 2341.85 5 3368.32 6 5.263 7 .4359 7 2.4599 6 1 .505 7 6.8860 4 1.9453 1 .5267 4 .1491 8 .2310 8 1.6079 5 74373.0 1 6160.00 2 34757.8 0 21274.6 6 97295.7 3 96381.5 6 26097.6 5 7391.21 4 11449.0 0 79666.8 6

11 5TABL E E-2 . ACTIVIT YDAT A A S BEPOBTE D B

YEP A LABOBATOB Y

SAMPL E DESCRIPTION- - COALtfl BOTTOM AS K E M C AS H E ES P AS Hn FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 UP 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U —RADIONUCLIDES/ACTIVITIES (

U-23 8 .34 2 .001 8 1.3 1 .0027 8 2.6 1 .0023 3 1.7 5 .003 2 .35 9 .0013 1 .1 2 0 .21 3 .0011 1 .28 2 .0014 7 2.5 2 .0039 4 BA-22 6

.24 9 .00088 7 N C 3.1 9 .0017 9 1.5 2 .007 7

. 8 .0042 4 .91 7 .00 3 .58 2 .0037 1 1.2 6 .0064 3 2.9 9 .0030 5 PO-21 0

.77 9 .0042 1 .8 8 0 1. 2 .001 6 13. 7 .018 8 26. 4 .023 2 25. 6 .016 7 28. 1 .024 8 25. 9 .029 8 24. 5 .020 8 pCi/ L o r

PB-21 0 N C
M C
SI C
N C M C


## n c M C
M C M C pCi/G)/2 -

TH-23 0 1.4 8 .006 4 1.9 9 .0045 7 2.6 8 .0063 5 1.7 6 .0037 3 .24 1 .0011 4 .10 8 0 .40 5 .0015 2 .46 5 .0014 6 2. 5 .0023 8 - S ESROR

TH-23 2 .39 9 0 .66 2 .0027 5 1.7 2 .0047 9 .95 4 .0027 6 .26 2 .0011 8 .11 5 0 .17 3 0 .17 8 .00092 9 2.3 8 .002 3
TH E FOLLOUIH GDAT A SET S USE D HITHOU T THEI S ERRO RVALUE S (ELECTROSTATI C PBECIPITATO REAS T AN D HES T INLE T DATA ) ES P H ES P H ES P H ES P U ES P H ES F E ES P E ES P E ES F E ES F E I I I I I I I I I I G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U P

R

I R 1.8 3

1. 9 2.0 3 1.1 9 .0 7 2.1 1 1.0 2 1.8 1 1. 4 .3 6 3.6 1

4.4 4 2.1 6 1.3 9 .08 4 2.6 1 1.7 5 2.6 3 3.5 9 .3 8 3.1 6

14. 9 10. 8 2 6 .11 4 5.7 4 8.9 4 20. 4 1 6 27. 1 M C

M C M C M C M C N C !N C M C :N C N C 1. 4

1.1 4 2.2 7 .93 2 .0 7 2.0 3 1.7 3 6.8 7 1.8 7 .7 8 2.2 1

1.0 9 1.1 8 .62 7 .03 8 1 .4 1 1.1 9 1.0 8 1.0 1 .5 4 NOT E ! N

C • NO T COUNTE D AND AL L VALUE S FO

RPO-21 0 AR E •LES S THAN " VALUE S



### 11 6

### TABL E E-3 . ACTIVIT YDAT A A S USE D I H CALCULATION S

SAMPL E DESCRIPTION COA L E BOTTO M AS H E M C AS H E ES P AS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E FL YAS H E .

G T 1 0 U
G T 1 0 UP 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U
L T I U •--RADIONUCLIDES/ACTIVITIES (

U-23 8 .34 2 .001 8 1.3 1 .0027 8 2.6 1 .0023 3 1.7 5 .003 2 .35 9 .0013 1 .1 2 0 .21 3 .0011 1 .28 2 .0014 7 2.5 2 .0039 4 BA-22 6

.24 9 .00088 7 0 0 3.1 9 .0017 9 1.5 2 .007 7

. 8 .0042 4 .91 7 .00 3 .58 2 .0037 1 1 .2 6 .0064 3 2.9 9 .0030 5 PO-21 0

.77 9 .0042 1 .8 8 0 1. 2 .001 6 13. 7 .018 8 26. 4 .023 2 25. 6 .016 7 28. 1 .024 8 25. 9 .029 8 24. 5 .020 8 pCi/ L o r

PB-21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pCi/G>/2 - TH-23 0 1 .4 8 .006 4 1.9 9 .0045 7 2.6 8 .0063 5 1.7 6 .0037 3 .241 .0011 4 .10 8 0 .40 5 .0015 2 .46 5 .0014 6 2. 5 .0023 8 - S ERRO R

TH-23 2 .39 9 0 .66 2 .0027 5 1.7 2 .0047 9 .95 4 .0027 6 .26 2 .0011 8 .11 5 0 .17 3 0 .17 8 .00092 9 2.3 8 .002 3 

### TH E FOLLOUIN

GDAT A SET S USE

D HITHOU

T THEI RERBO

B VALUE S (ELECTROSTATI C PRECIPITATO REAS T AN

D HES T INLET DATA )
ES P H I G T 1 0 U ES P H I G T 1 0 UP B ES P H I 3-1 0 U ES P H I 1- 3 U ES P UI L T 1 U ES P E I G T 1 0 U ES P E I G T 1 0 UI E ES P E I 3-1 0 U ES P E I 1- 3 U ES P E I L T 1 U 1.8 3 1. 9 2.0 3 1.1 9 .0 7 2.1 1 1.0 2 1.8 1 1. 4 .3 6 3.6 1

4.4 4 2.1 6 1.3 9 .08 4 2.6 1 1.7 5 2.6 3 3.5 9 .3 8 3.1 6

14. 9 10. 8 2 6 .11 4 5.7 4 8.9 4 20. 4 1 6 27. 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1. 4

1.1 4 2.2 7 .93 2 .0 7 2.0 3 1.7 3 6.8 7 1.8 7 .7 8 2.2 1

1.0 9 1.1 8 .62 7 .03 8 1.4 1 1 . 1 9 1 .0 8 1 .0 1 .5 4



### 11 7TABL E E-4 . RADIONUCLID E BALANC E RESULT S P.2 8

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN T STBEA M DESCBIPTIO N Percen t o f tota l pCi/h r in/ou t

U-23 8 I

N COAL 1509205 0 U-23 8 OU T BOTTOM

AS H U-23 8 OU T CYCLONE AS H U-23 8 OU T ES P AS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H U-23 8 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L U-23 8 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN , X G T G T G T 3 - i- : L T 1 0 U 1 0 U 1 0 U L O U 3 U 1 U PBOB E TOTA L B 3132077 . 2973011 . 761185. 2 1868.78 9 678,979 6 2547.76 9 705.158 6 660.403 2 8488.18 2 12401.5 1 6878675 . 45.5 8 45.5 3

43.2 2 11.0 7

0.0 4 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.1 2 0.1 8

BA22 6 IN

COAL BA22 6 OU T BOTTOM

AS H BA22 6 OU T CYCLON E AS H BA22 6 OU T ES P AS H BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H G T RA22 6 OU T FL YAS H G T BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H G T BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U BA22 6 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U RA22 6 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L BA22 6 OU T TOTA L OUT/IN , X 1 0 U 1 0 UPBOBE R 1 0 UTOTAL 1098807 1 0 3633680 . 661143. 8 4164.43 2 5188.53 6 9352.96 8 1926.77 1 2950. 7 3 8 10071.3 0 24301.7 7 4319126 . 0.0 0

84.1 3 15.3 1

0.2 2 0.0 4 0.0 7 C.2 3 0.5 6

?9.3 1



### 11 8TABL E E-4 . (CONT'D ) P.2 9

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN T STBEA M DESCBIPTIO N pCi/h r

3437633 5 2103991 . 1366902 . 5958993 . 137426. 3 144849. 0 282275. 3 93027.9 6 60654.0 5 82523.9 9 51848 1 .-

3 9948367 . Percen t

o f tota l in/ou t

21.1 5 13.7 4 59.9 0

2.8 4 0.9 4 0.6 1 0.8 3 5.2 1 PO21 0 I

N COAL PO21 0 OU T P021 0 OU T PO21 0 OU T PO21 0 OU T PO21 0 OU T P021 0 OU T PO21 0 OU T P021 0 OU T PO21 0 OU T P021 0 OU T PO21 0 OU T BOTTOM

AS H CYCLON E AS H ES P AS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H FL YAS H TOTA L TOTA L G T 1 0 U

G T 1 0 UPBOBE B G T 1 0 UTOTA L 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U

OUT/IN , 28.9 4

P221 0 I

N COA L PB21 0 OU T BOTTOM

AS H PB21 0 OU T CYCLON E AS H PB21 0 OU T ES P AS H PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H PB21 0 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L PB21 0 OU T TOTA L G T 1 0 U G T 1 0 UPROBE R G T 1 0 UTOTAL 3-1 0 U 1- 3 U L T 1 U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OUT/IN ,



### 11 9TABL E E-4 . (CONT'D )

INFLUEN T O B EFFLUEN T STBEA M DESCRIPTIO N PCi/h r

6531062 4 4757888 . 3052747 . 765534. 9 1254.53 5 611.081 7 1865.61 7 1340.79 4 1088.96 3 8420.81 5 12716.1 9 8588886 . P

O f i B r cen t tota l i/ou t

55.4 0 35.5 4 8.9 1

0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0 1 0.1 0 0.1 5 TH23 0 IN

COA L TH23 0 OU T BOTTOM

AS H TH23 0 OU T CYCLON E AS H TH23 0 OU T ES P AS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H TH23 0 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L TH23 0 OU T TOTA L G T G T G T 1 0 U 1 0 U 1 0 U 3-1 0 U 1- , L T 1 U 1 U PBOBE TOTAL B

OUT/IN , 13.1 5

TH23 2 I N

COA L TH23 2 OU T BOTTO M

AS H TH23 2 OU T CYCLON E AS H TH23 2 OU T ES P AS H TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H G T TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H 3-1 0 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H 1- 3 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H L T 1 U TH23 2 OU T FL YAS H TOTA L TK23 2 OU T TOTA L 1 0 U 1 0 UPBOBE B 1 0 UTOTAL 1760739 1 1582775 . 1959226 . 414954. 7 1363.85 2 650.688 8 2014.54 0 572.734 4 416.850 2 8016.61 6 11020.7 4 3967976 . 3 9

4 9 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 8 9 .3 8 4 6

.0 5 0 1 .0 1 2 0 2 8
OUT/IN , 22.5 4



### 12 0P.3 1



### TABL E E-5 . ELECTROSTATI C PRECIPITATO RINLE T RADIONUCLID E DAT A

RADIONUCLIDE/STREA M DESCRIPTION

pCi/h r

U-23 8 ES P WES T INLE T 250492. 5 U-23 8 ES P EAS T INLE T 288071. 5 U-23 8 ES P INLE T TOTA L 538564. 0

RA-22 6 ES P HES T INLE T 408658. 4 RA-22 6 ES P EAS T INLE T 388041. 0 RA-22 6 ES P INLE T TOTAL 796699. 4

PO-21 0 ES P HES T INLE T 1266420 . PO-21 0 ES P EAS T INLE T 3279480 . PO-21 0 ES P INLE T TOTA L 4545900 .

TH-23 0 ES P HES T INLE T 216683. 5 TH-23 0 ES P EAS T INLE T 375130. 9 TH-23 0 ES P INLE T TOTAL 591814. 4

TH-23 2 ES P HES T INLE T 229129. 4 TH-23 2 ES P EAS T INLE T 229520. 3 TH-23 2 ES P INLE T TOTAL 458649. 7



## 12 1P.3 2



### TABL E E-6
. ANALYTICAL DAT AAN D SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FO R BLAN K RADIOACTIVITY

U-23 8 Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

(1 ) ANALYTICAL DATA-

- HCS S thimbl e 0.3 + 0.4 + <0. 2 N A pCi/thimbl e HCS S thimbl e 0.2 + 1.4 + 0.4 + N A pCi/thimbl e 0. 1 HNO3 , pCi/ l <0. 4 3.0 + <2. 0 N A

Wate r (DDI) , <0.0 7 <0. 5 <0. 8 N A pCi/ l
SAS S filte r 0.8 + 0.9 + 0.7 + N A pCi/filte r 0.3 + 0 . 1 

### 0.2 + 0.0 9 0 . 4 

### 0.4 +

0 . 2 

### 1.4 + 0. 3 3.0 + 1. 0 <0. 2

0.4 + 0. 2 <2. 0

0.8 + 0. 1 0.9 + 0. 2 0.9 +

0. 3 1.7 + 0. 3 0.7 +

0. 3 0.8 + 0. 2 0.46 +

0.0 8 0.27 + 0.0 7 0 . 4

0 . 1



### 0.8 + 0. 1 0.5 + 0.0 9 0.3 +

0.0 7 0.3 + 0.0 8 0.6 + 0 . 3 

### 0.2 + 0 . 2 

### 1. 1 + 0. 1 0.9 + 0. 1 SAS S filte r 0.9 + 1.7 + 0.8 + N A pCi/filte r
(2 ) FILTE R AN

D THIMBL E ( < 1 um ) SAMPL E RESULT S CORRECTE D FO R BLAN K RADIOACTIVITY , MCi/hr — ES P Eas t inle t N D N

D <2. 1 N

A0.0 1 N D ( 3 thimbles )
ES P Wes t inle t N D N

D N

D N

AN

D N

D ( 4 filters )
ES P outle t 0.00 2 N D <0.0 8 N

A0.00 3 0.00 1 ( 1 filter )

N A= N o analysis
. N D = No t detectable
.

12 2P.3 3



### APPENDI X F
DATASUMMAR

Y FO R FIV E PLANT S WHER E GRA

B SAMPLIN

G (ONLY ) WA S CONDUCTE D

A s discusse d i n Sectio n 3 o f thi s report , gra b sampling (only ) wa s performe d a t five additiona l facilitie s a s par t o f an abbreviate d sampling program . Th e inten t during thi s phas e o f th e projec t wa s t o concentrat e o n facilitie s employing fabri c filter s fo r particulat e contro l sinc e i t woul d hav e bee n difficul t (becaus e o f hig h collectio n efficiency ) t o obtai n enoug h materia l fo r analysi s a t the collecto r outlet s a t thes e plants
. Gra b sampl e activit yanalyse s for thes e five site s ar e give n i n Tabl e F-1
. Th e reporte d activitie s for fabri c filte r hoppe r as h ar e generall yhighe r tha n activitie s measure d for othe r collectio n devic e sample s reporte d i n Section s 4 throug h 8
. Despit e th e lac k o f additiona l confirming data , i t i s likel ytha t thes e fabri c filter s remov e muc h mor e particulat e matte r fro mth e ga s strea

m tha nan y o f th e contro l device s sample d at th e other sites .

12 3

### TABL E F-1 . REPORTE

D ACTIVITIE S FO

RFIV E SAMPLIN

GSITE S

Site/Strea

m U-23 8 

### Repor te d a ctiv i ty , pCi/g a 

### Ra-22 6 Po-210 b 

### Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

N> 

### M- 4

Fabri c Filte

r Hopper Ash M-1 6 Coal c 

### 5. 5

Fabri c Filter Hoppe r Ash6. 2
M-1 9 Coal e 

### A s Receive

dB Moisture Adjuste

d Valu e Fabri c Filte

r Hopper Ash2. 4 

### 4. 5

A s Receive d Moistur e Adjuste d Valu e Fabri c Filte r Hoppe r As h M-1 8 Coal d 

### A s Receive d Moistur e Adjuste d Valu e 0.6 5 0.4 6 2. 5

0.5 2 0.5 1 0.8 5

0.6 1 4. 1

1. 8 1. 7 

### 6. 8 19. 0



### 3. 3

0.6 8 0.6 7 8. 7

0.9 8 0.9 2 1. 2

(continue

.d) 

### 0
. 0
. 2
. 7 0 6 6 8 

### N

C

N C

N C

N C

N C

N C

N C 5. 6

0.3 2 0.2 3 4. 0

0.6 0 0.5 9 6. 7

0.7 5 0.7 0 3. 2 

### 2. 5

0.1 5 0.1 1 2. 5

0.4 0 0.3 9 4. 6

0.4 0 0.3 8 2. 6

### TABLE F- 1 (continued )

Site/Strea

m U-23 8 Reporte d activity , pCi/g a 

### Ra-22 6 Po-210 b 

### Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2
M-9 8

XJX 

### Coal f



### As Receive d Moistur e Adjuste d Valu e Botto m As h Lim e Scrubbe rSludg e - Liqui d Portio n Scrubbe rSludg e - Soli d Portio n 0.2 7 0.1 9 2. 5 1. 3 17. 0 N

C

- 2. 9 1. 1 0.3 1 0.3 3

0.2 3 1. 6 0.2 0 0.9 9 N

C

- N C N C N C 0.3 4

0.2 4 1. 5 0.1 3 0.2 1 0.1 8

0.1 2 2. 8 1. 3 0.5 4 5. 3 2. 6 2. 8 N C

a 

### B = les s tha n background , N C = no tcounted . b 

### N o deca y correctio n made .

c 

### Moistur e Conten t- 28.6% , As h Conten t- 5.81% , Sulfu rConten t- 0.37% , Heatin g Valu e - 8,57 5 Btu/lb . d 

### Moistur e Conten t- 1.53% , As h Conten t- 8.20% , Sulfu rConten t- 0.77% , Heatin g Valu e - 13,81 5 Btu/lb . eMoistur e Conten t- 6.24% , As h Conten t- 13.6% , Sulfu rContent , 1.78% , Heatin g Valu e - 12,37 0 Btu/lb . ^Moistur e Conten t- 30.8% , As h Conten t- 9.0% , Sulfu rConten t- 0.79% , Heatin g Valu e - 7,14 3 Btu/lb . 4. 8 6. 4P.3 6



### APPENDI X G SUMMAR Y O F RADIOASSA

Y RESULT S FOR TWO FLUIDIZE D BE D BOILER S - TH E GEORGETOW N UNIVERSITY FB B AN

D TH E EXXO

NMINIPLAN

T



### 12 6GEORGETOW N UNIVERSIT YFLUIDIZED-BE D BOILE R RADIOASSA

YRESULTS 1

PLAN T DESCRIPTIO N
Th e Georgetow

nUniversit y

fluidized-be dboile r (FBB ) i s a two-bed , single-cell , top-suspended , balanced-draft , natura l circulatio nboile r uni t capabl e o f generatin g saturate dstea m a t 27 5 psi g for deliver y directl y

int o th e Universit y

steam heade r for heatin g an dcoolin g o f 204,00 0 m 2 o f buldin g space . Saturate dstea m a t 62 5 psi g canals o b e produce dfo r deliver y

int o the Universit y

heade r througha pressur e regulatin g valve , wit hprovision s for futur e co-generatio no f electrica l energy . Th e desig nan

doperatio no f th e Georgetow nUniversit y

FB B i s base do n classica l fluidized-be dprinciples ; i.e. , use o f lo w superficia l velocit y i n th e rang e o f 1. 2 t o 2. 4 m/se c ( 4 t o 8 ft/sec) , andprimary recirculatio no f entraine dsolid s t o the combustio nchamber . Desig nan doperatin g condition s fo r the FB B ar e summarize di nTabl e G- 1 whil e a schemati c diagram o f th e plan t configuratio ni s provide di nFigur e G-1 . SAMPLIN GPERFORME D Fiv e stream

sample s wer e collecte da t the Georgetow nFB B fo r radioisotopi c analysis . Strea m number s refe r t o the samplin g point s indicate d i nFigur e G-1 . Thes e include d combusto r flu e ga s particle s (upstrea m o f th e baghouse) , spen t combustio nbe dsolids , fl y as hremove dfro

m th e baghous e hoppers , coa l feed , andlimeston e feed . The Sourc e Assessmen t Samplin g Syste m (SAS S train ) wa s use dt o collec t size-fractionate dparticle s i nth e Georgetow nFB B combusto r flu e ga s fo r radioanalysis . SAS S trai nsamplin g wa s conducte dusin g a samplin g por t locate do na duc t betwee nthe outle t o f th e multiclon e andinle t t o the baghouse . Thi s locatio nwa s selecte dt o provid e sufficien t particulat e materia l for radioanalysis . Samplin g a t th e baghous e outle t woul dno t hav e yielde denoughsampl e becaus e o f the hig hparticulat e remova l efficienc y o f the baghouse . A tota l o f 9.2 6 dscm o f combusto r flu e ga s wa s sample dove r a 9 0 minute perio do nAugus t 25 , 1980 . O nAugus t 26 , a SAS S trai nsamplin g ru nwa s conducte da t th e baghous e outle t t o provid e informatio nto estimat e baghouse efficiency . A

tota l o f 29.2 2 dscm wer e sample da t thi s location . Tabl e G- 2 show s ne t weigh t o f flu e ga s particle s collecte dfor eac h componen t o f the SAS S trai nfo r bot hinle t an doutle t sampling . Usin g thes e dat a andnormalizin g th e volum e o f flu e ga s sampled , a napproximate baghous e remova l efficienc y ma y b e calculate dfo r eac hparticulat e siz e fraction . I t shoul db e emphasize dtha t thi s calculatio nefficienc y i s onl y

anestimate base do

nSASS-trai ndat a obtaine dfro m tw o separat e samplin g runs . Thes e value s ar e use dt o projec t th e radionuclid e emission s a t th e stac k base do n the measure dactivitie s a t th e baghouse inlet . The estimatin g procedur e shoul dbe considere da s a roug happroximatio nonly .

12 7P.3 8

TABL E G-1 . GEORGETOW N UNIVERSITY FLUIDIZED-BE D BOILE R DESIGN/OPERATIN G CONDITION S

Stea m flo w Outle t temperature/pressur e

Beddimension s Desig ncoa l Heatin g valu e
As hconten t Moisture conten t
Sulfu r conten t Desig nparameter s
Be ddept h- expande da t ful l load
Bedoperatin g temperatur e Fluidizin g velocit y a t ful l load
Freeboar dheigh t
Bedtube s Segmen t separatio n Ca/ S rati o (fo r SO 2 compliance )
Coa l fee dsyste

m
Coa l siz e
Coa l flo

w rat e a t ful l load Limeston e siz e Reinjectio nflo

w rat e a t ful l load Efficienc y

(thermal )
Turndow

ncapacit y 100,00 0 lbs/h r
Saturate d414°F/27 5 o r

493°F/62 5 psi g 19'-4 " xll'- O ( 2 segments ) Bituminou s 12,75 0 Btu/l b
7. 9 percen t
5. 0 percen t
3.2 9 percen t

4-1/ 2 f t 1594° F
8 ft/se c 8 f t Slope d Partitio nwal l 3/ 1
Stoke r (2 ) - sid e wal l moun t 1-1/4 " x1/4 " 9,56 5 lbs/h r 1/8 " x1 6 mes h(0.0469" ) 7,50 0 lbs/h r 83.5 1 percen t
4 t o 1



### 12 8FRO M BAGHOUS E

v o HOPPER S FRO M BE O DRAI N COOLE R

.COA L WEIO M SCAL E

LIMESTON E BI N LIMESTON E FEE O SAMPLIN G LOCATION S 

# ©

COA L FEE O SAMPLIN G LOCATION S A TSPREADE R STOKER S 

# © EEEEE E

•E O OftAI N COOL E WIT H AI R LOC K SPEN TBE D SAMPLIN G LOCATION ^ 

# SB SPEN

T BE D STORAG E SIL O FLVAS H SAMPLIN G LOCATION/- N

STACK FLVAS H STORAG E SiL O

BAGHOUS E HOPPER S

BAGHOUS E INLE T SAMPLIN G LOCATIO N f 1 FLU E GA S OUTLE T SAMPLIN G LOCATIO N

I O FA N -SOUD S NEINJCCTIO N PMSSUM E SLOWC R



### Figur e G-1
. FB B syste mschemati c illustratin g particulat e contro l equipmen t an d al l samplin g points
.P.4 0

TABL E G-2 . NE

T WEIGH

T O F FLU E GA S PARTICLES COLLECTE D FO R EAC H SASS-SIZ E FRACTIO N

SASS-siz e fractio n Ne t weigh t (mg ) Remova l e f f i c ienc y c Inle t (8/25/80) a Outle t (8/26/80) b(% )

3 filter s (particle s < 1 um ) 2,032. 5
1 ur ncyclon e 8,808. 6
3 ur ncyclon e 45,105. 9
1 0 u m cyclon e 56,556. 8
Tota l 112,503. 8 

### 49. 5 127. 5 275. 1 197. 8 99.2 3

99.5 4 99.8 1 99.8 9
649. 9 99.8 2

a 9.2 6 dsc m

sampled .
b 29.2 2 dsc m

sampled .

c Normalize d t o equaliz e volum e sampled .



### 13 0P.4 1



### Gra b sample s o f the fou r bul k soli d stream s wer e take n a t approximatel y 2-hour interval s during th e inle t SAS S run ; sample s wer e then composited
. SASS-trai n flue ga s particulat e catche s wer e analyze d fo r ten specie s including Ra-226 , U-234 , U-235 , U-238 , Th-227 , Th-228 , Th-230 , Th-232 , Po-210 , an d Pb-210
. Baghous e as h an d spen t be d solid s wer e analyze d fo r nin e radionuclide s wit h Ra-22 6 level s estimate d b yassuming secula r equilibrium
. Coa l an dlimeston e fee

d stream s wer e analyze d for the thre e uraniu man d fou r thoriu misotope s wit h Ra-226 , Po-210 , an d Pb-21 0 estimate d assuming secula r equilibrium
. Fo r the sak e o f compariso n wit h th e preceding utilit yradioassa y data , w e hav e electe d t o repor t analytica l result s for the si x specie s o f primar yconcern , i.e. , th e five uraniu

mserie s specie s an d Th-232
. RESULT S Tabl e G- 3 summarize s result s o f radioanalysi s o f severa l Georgetow n FB B samples
. Activit yi s expresse d a s Ci/h r (dr yweight)
. Fo r radionuclide s no t quantified , secula r equilibriu mi s assume d t o exis t an d activit yi s assume d equa l t o tha t fo r th e paren t (here , U-228)
. Th e baghous e as h mas s flowrat e i s uncertain , a s i s th e spen t be d rate , bu t theyar e th e bes t availabl e estimates
. Som e o f the tota l activitie s ou t (Pb-21 0 an

d Th-232 ) ar e greate r tha n the tota l activitie s i n an d ar e attribute

d to radionuclid e measuremen t inaccuracie s an d uncertaintie s i n the soli dmas s flows
. Projecte d radionuclid e loading s a t the stac k (baghous e outlet ) ar e lo

w compare

dt o th e natura l activit

y presen t i nth e coa l an

d limestone . Sinc e th e baghous e wa s observe d t o operat e at a

nestimate

d efficienc

y greater tha

n9 9 percent , th

e majority

o f radionuclide s exitin g th e FB B ar e par t o f th

e baghous e ash
. Th e activit yo f th e baghous e as h wa s low ; n o isotop e exceede d 1. 5 pCi/ g (dr yweight)
. Level s o f activit ymeasure d i n spen t be d materia l ar e simila r t o thos e reporte d fo r the Exxo n Miniplan t PFB C (se e th e following subsectio n o f thi s Appendix ) wit h the exceptio n o f Pb-210
. I t i s o f interes t t o not e th e highe r activit yfo r al l measure d isotope s i n the fines t ( 1 m ) fractio n o f combusto r flue ga s particle s relativ e t o the large r particle s ( 3 man d 1 0 m)
. Studie s hav e show n tha t ther e i s a tendenc yfo r certai n trac e element s t o b e preferentiall yconcentrate d o n the smalle r flyas h particle s following coa l combustion
. Enrichmen t factor s wer e calculate d considering the coa l as h activit ya s the baselin e an d ar e provide d i n Tabl e G-4
.

13 1P.4 2

TABL E G-3 . FAT E O F INDIVIDUA L RADIONUCLIDE S WITHI N TH E GEORGETOW

N FB B



### Sampl e descriptio

n

Coa l fee

d Sorbent fee

d
Tota l Activit

y I n Spen t be d solid s Baghous e ash U-23 8

0.59 4 0.18 4 0.77 8 0.06 8 0.51 8 Radionuclid e f l Ra-22 6

0.59 4 0.18 4 0.77 8
0.06 8 0.45 4 Po-21 0

0.59 4 0.18 4 0.77 8
0.01 2 0.51 8 o

w rate , Pb-21 0

0.59 4 0.18 4 0.77 8
1.0 2 0.90 7 uCi/h

r Th-23 0

0.79 2 0.18 4 0.97 6
0.06 8 0.45 4 Th-23 2

0.14 0 0.12 2 0.26 2 0.04 7 0.42 1 Projecte

dbaghous e outle t loadings : (Unit s of pCi/hr ) 1- 3 p m particle s 3-1 0 ur nparticle s 1 0 u m particle s Tota l Activity

Ou t Percent Closure 36 0 32 4 14 4 0.52 3 63. 5 14 4

28 8 21 6 0.52 3 67. 3 57 6

36 0 14 4 0.53 1 68. 3 57 6

57 6 18 0 1.9 3 248. 3 36 0

32 4 14 4 0.52 3 53. 6 32 4

32 4 14 4 0.46 9 178. 4



### 13 2TABL E G-4 . ENRICHMEN T FACTORS , GEORGETOW N FB B



### Radionuclid

e Enrichment facto r
U-23 8 1. 1 Ra-22 6 1. 5 Po-21 0 1. 6 Pb-21 0 1. 8 Th-23 0 0.8 5 Th-23 2 4. 5



### 13 3EXXON MINIPLAN T RADIOASSA YRESULTS 2

PLAN T DESCRIPTIO N
The Exxo nMiniplan t i s a nexperimenta l pressurize dfluidized-be d combusto r (PFBC ) an dsorben t regeneratio nsystem wit ha coa l firing capacit y o f 1. 8 M

W (6. 3 x10 6 Btu/hr) . GCA conducte dLeve l 1 an dLeve l 2 environmenta l assessmen t samplin g an danalysi s program s a t the Miniplan t i n Ma y andJun e 1979 . Leve l 1 sample s wer e obtaine dwit hthe regenerato r i n operatio nandwit ha nES P a s the fina l particl e contro l device . Leve l 2 samplin g wa s conducte dwhe nthe uni t wa s operatin g withou t regeneratio nan d wit ha fabri c filte r fo r fina l particulat e control . Tabl e G- 5 provide s a summary o f th e Exxo nMiniplan t PFB C operatin g conditions . SAMPLINGAN D ANALYSI S PERFORME D Figur e G- 2 i s a schemati c o f th e Exxo nMiniplan t PFB C illustratin g Leve l i samplin g points ; Figur e G- 3 show s the Leve l 2 samplin g points . Severa l radioanalyse s .were performe do navailabl e Leve l 1 and2 Exxo n Miniplan t sample s b y th e NU S Radiologica l Laboratory . RESULT S
Result s o f th e radioanalysi s o f Exxo nMiniplan t Leve l 1 an dLeve l 2 sample s are summarize di nTable s G- 6 an dG-7 , respectively . ES P hoppe r as h(Leve l 1 ) andFabri c Filte r catc h(Leve l 2 ) wer e no t available i nsufficien t quantit y t o permi t analysi s for thorium . The dat a show highe r radionuclid e emission.rate s i nth e relativel y fin e particle s collecte db

y th e fina l contro l device s (strea m 1) . Dat a liste di nTable s G- 6 an dG- 7 illustrat e th e flo w o f individua l radionuclide s throughth e system s sampled . Durin g th e Leve l 1 program , spen t combustio nbe dmateria l wa s eithe r regenerate dc r elutriate dan dcollecte db

y th e cyclone s s o tha t the exi t flo w rate wa s zero . Tota l radionuclid e inpu t t o the system

i s equa l t o tha t i nth e coa l plu s the sorbent . Fo r radionuclide s no t quantifie di nthe feedstreams , secula r equilibriu m i s assume dto.exis t an dactivit y

i s assume dequa l t o tha t for the paren t (U-23 8 o r Th-232 ) whic h wa s measured . Strea m flo w rate s for fina l particl e contro l device s are assume dequa l to th e flo w rat e for undilute dflu e ga s multiplie dby th e averag e dus t loadin g measure dfor tha t stream (i.e. , th

e fina l contro l device s operat e a t hig hcollectio nefficiencies) . Th e dat a i nTabl e G- 7 fo r leve l 2 show tha t mos t o f the radionuclide s leav e the system

i nth e spen t combusto r solid s an dthe secondcyclone catch . Leve l 1 dat a ar e simila r excep t spen t be dmateria l leave s th e system a s par t o f th e cyclone catch . Radionuclid e emissio nrate s followin g fina l particulate contro l wer e no t quantifie dbecaus e o f insufficien t materia l for analysis . However , becaus e o f hig hparticl e captur e efficiency , th e emissio nrate s woul d be approximatel y

1 t o 2 order s o f magnitud e belo w the captur e rate note dfo r th e ES P durin g th e Leve l 1 program o r for th e fabri c filte r durin g th e Leve l 2 program . 13 4P.4 5

TABL E G-5 . SUMMAR Y OF EXXO

N MINIPLAN T PFB C OPERATIN G CONDITION S



### Paramete r Combusto r
Leve l 1 Leve l 2 Regenerato r Leve l 1 onl y
ILeogt h o f ru n (hours ) Pressur e (kPa ) Averag e be d temp
. (°C )
Expande dbe d heigh t (m ) Ga/ S mola r rati o Goa l fee d rat e (kg/hr ) Sorben t feed rat e (kg/hr ) Goa l typ e Oaa l highe r heating value , kJ/k

g Sorben t typ e 9 9 70 0 89 4

3. 1 1.2 9 7 7 5.4 4 Champio n coa l 31,40 0
Grove limeston e 10 8

91 2 87 2

1.7 4 1.2 5 84. 4 10.6 0 Champio n coa l 31,40 0 Pfize r dolomit e 80. 7 70 5 101-10 3 (reducing-oxidizing )

1.8 5

Grove limeston e

13 5u » O N COOLIN G WATE R 

# © ORIFIC E 

# mH—cT^^r> 

# I - 

# lor T O ES P T O

SCRUBBE R

PRESSURIZE D ENCLOSUR E



# © ® COA L AN D LIMESTON E TEE D SUPPL Y

AUXILIAR Y AI R COMPRESSO R 

# © SCRUBBE R SLURR Y

MAI N AI R COMPRESSO R

•INDICATE D STREA M SAMPLE D



### Figure G-2 . The Exxo nMiniplan t - Leve l 1 sampling .L O COOLIN G WATE R ORIFIC E

PRESSURIZE D ENCLOSUR E
3r d N.STAG E \CYCLON E PRESSUR E CONTROL )

CYCLON E SEPARATO R i ?.n

d VSTAG E 

# ® © ® LUA L AN U LIMESTON E FFF D SUPP ! EE L Y

AUXILIAR Y AI R COMPRESSO R FABRI C FILTE R

. * T 0

" * SCRUBBE R

•INDICATE D STREA M SAMPLE D MAI N AI R COMPRESSO R



### Figur e G-3
. Th e Exxo n Miniplan t - Leve l 2 sampling
.TABL E G-6 . FAT E O F INDIVIDUAL RADIONUCLIDE S WITHI N TH E EXXO N

MINIPLAN T PFB C DURINGLEVE L 1 TE8 T

Sampl e descriptio n Soli d flow rat e (g/s ) 

### U-23 8 Radionuclid e flo w rate , uCi/h r Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

U J 0 0 Leve l 1

Coa l feed Sorben t fee d
Tota l activit y

i n Cleane dregenerato r offga s Regenerato r cyclon e solid s Spen t combustio nbe dsolid s Secondcyclon e solid s Thir dcyclon e solid s ES P hoppe r as h
Tota l activit y

ou t 

### 21. 4 1. 5 <0.02 3

<0.00 2 <0.02 3

<0.00 2 <0.02 3

<0.00 2 <0.02 3

<Q.00 2 0.03 4

<0.00 2 0.01 9

-0.000 7
<0.02 5 <0,02 5 <0.02 5 <0.02 5 <0.03 6 <0.019 7 

### 0.000 2 0. 2 0 1. 6 0. 4 0.04 2 0

0.00 1 0 <0.00 5 0.00 2 0.000 7 <0.008 7 0

0.00 1 0 O.O U 0.00 7 0.000 7 0.019 7 0

<0.0000 4 0 0.00 1 0.000 1 0.00 1 0.021 4 0

<0.00 6 O <0.0 6 <0.01 3 0.000 2 <0.079 2 0

<0.000 4 0 <0.00 1 0.00 2

- <0.003 4 0

<0.000 4 0 0.00 2 0.00 2 •>• <0.004 4TABL E G-7 . FAT E O F INDIVIDUAL RADIONUCLIDE S WITHI N TH E EXXON

MINIPLAN T PFB C DURINGLEVE L 2 TES T

Sampl e descriptio n Soli d flo w rat e (g/s ) U-23 8 Radionuclid e flo w rate , UCi/h r Ra-22 6 Po-21 0 Pb-21 0 Th-23 0 Th-23 2

Leve l 2
Coa l fee d Sorben t feed 23. 4 2. 9 0.01 2

0.00 5 0.01 2

0.00 5 0.01 2

0.00 5 0.01 2

0.00 5 0.04 5

0.00 6 0.02 7

<0.00 3

U J N O Tota l activit y i n Spen t combustio nbe d solid s Secondcyclon e solid s Thir dcyclon e solid s Fabri c filte r catc h
Tota l activit y

ou t 0.01 7 0.01 7 0.01 7 0.01 7 0.05 1 <0.0 3 3. 0 2. 1 0. 3 0.06 4 0.007 2

0.01 8 0.00 3 0.00 1 0.029 2 0.01 0

0.01 5 0.00 5 0.00 2 0.03 2 0.00 1

0.000 4 0.000 4 0.00 2 0.003 8 <0.08 6

<0.03 8 <0.00 8 <0.00 1 <0.13 3 0.00 6

0.03 5 0.000 4

- 0.041 4 0.00 2

0.00 3 0.00 1

— 0.00 6P.5 0

REFERENCE S

1 . Kindya , R . an dC . Young . Radioisotopi c Analysi s o f Sample s fro m the Georgetow

nUniversit y

Fluidized-Be dBoiler . Draf t Fina l Repor t prepare d b y GCA/Technology

Divisio nfor the U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Industria l Environmenta l Researc hLaborator y unde r Contrac t No . 68-02-2693 , Technica l Directiv e No . 8 , Februar y 1981 . 2 . Kindya , R . an dR . Hall . Radioassa y o f PFB C Miniplan t Samples . Draf t Fina l Repor t prepare db y GCA/Technolog y

Divisio nfo r the U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Industria l Environmenta l Researc h Laborator y

unde r Contrac t No . 68-02-2693 , Technica l Directiv e No . 6 , January

1980 .



### 14 0