# Patent

## Title
Input apparatus for providing a tactile sensation and a control method thereof

## Abstract

An input apparatus has a touch sensor for receiving an input, a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor, a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face, and a control unit, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a first standard for providing a tactile sensation, for controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a click sensation is provided to a pressing object (pressing means) pressing the touch face. The control unit, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a second standard lower than the first standard after the click sensation is provided in pressing, controls drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a release sensation corresponding to the click sensation is provided. Thereby, a realistic click sensation similar to that obtained when a push-button switch is operated is provided to an operator when the operator operates the touch sensor, allowing the operator to perform a continuous input operation without having a feeling of strangeness.

## Background
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority to and the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-177079 filed on Jul. 29, 2009, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to input apparatuses having touch sensors and control methods of input apparatuses.
BACKGROUND ART
In recent years, input apparatuses having touch sensors such as touch panels, touch switches or the like are popularly used as input apparatuses such as operation units, switches and the like for receiving input operations by a user in mobile terminals such as mobile phones, information equipments such as calculator, ticket vending machines, home electric appliances such as microwaves, TV sets, lighting equipments, industrial equipments (FA equipments) and the like.
There are known a variety of types of those touch sensors, such as a resistive film type, a capacitive type, an optical type and the like. However, touch sensors of any of these types receive a touch input by a finger or a stylus pen and, unlike push-button switches, the touch sensors themselves are not physically displaced even when being touched.
Since the touch sensors are not physically displaced when touched, an operator cannot obtain feedback to an input even when the touch input is received. As a result, the operator is likely to input erroneously by touching the same spot multiple times, which may be stressful for the operator.
As methods to prevent such erroneous inputs, there are known methods of visually or auditory confirming the input operations by, for example, generating sounds or by changing a display state, such as colors of input objects such as input buttons and the like graphically depicted on a display unit, according to a pushed area upon reception of the touch input.
However, such auditory feedback may be difficult to be confirmed in a noisy environment and is not applicable when the equipment being used is in a silent mode. In addition, in using such visual feedback, if the input object displayed on the display unit is small, the operator may not be able to confirm the change in the display state, as a view of the input object is blocked by a finger, particularly when the operator is inputting by the finger.
There is also suggested a feedback method relying on neither the auditory- nor visual sensation but instead generating a tactile sensation at operator's fingertip by vibrating the touch sensor when the touch sensor receives an input (for example, see Patent Documents 1, 2).
RELATED ART DOCUMENTS
Patent Documents
Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-288158
Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-130055
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
The techniques disclosed in the above Patent Documents 1 and 2, however, merely generate the tactile sensation at the operator's fingertip by vibration. That is, they provide a mere “throbbing” sensation at the operator's fingertip touching a touch face by vibrating the touch sensor.
These apparatuses have button switches such as, for example, push-button switches (push-type button switches) graphically depicted on the touch sensor and provide the “throbbing” sensation although the operator operates (pushes) the push-button switches (push-type button switches) intending to push.
Therefore, although the operator pushes (operate with the intention of pushing) the push-type button switches, the operator will not be able to feel a realistic click sensation as “Click”, which is obtained when the push-type button switches are pushed, and thus has a feeling of strangeness.
As a result, especially when the button switches such as the push-button switches (plush-type button switches) are graphically depicted on the touch sensor and a threshold for receiving an input to the touch sensor is low, a tactile sensation is provided when a finger and the like lightly touches the touch sensor. Thereby, it may cause erroneous operations in response to an unintended action (touch) before the operator pushes or it may inflict the feeling of strangeness on the operator upon the untended action (touch) before the operator pushes. Here, the threshold for the touch sensor to receive a touch input is a threshold at which the touch sensor responds, which is, for a touch sensor of the resistive film type, a threshold of a pressure at which an upper conductive film is contacted to a lower conductive film and, for a touch sensor of the capacitive type, a threshold for detection of an electric signal by contact.
In addition, there is considered as an apparatus for providing a suitable feedback at the operator's fingertip, an apparatus which has a load threshold set and vibrates the touch sensor not only when a pressure load detected when the touch sensor is pushed down by a finger increases and reaches the load threshold but also when a pressure load detected when the finger is released from the touch sensor decreases and reaches the load threshold. Being capable of vibrating the touch sensor in accordance with each of a pressing operation and a releasing operation by the operator, this apparatus can provide a suitable operational feeling to the operator. However, if the pressure load when the touch sensor is pushed down does not exceed the load threshold but is only detected up to a value equal to the load threshold, the touch sensor is vibrated only in pressing but not in releasing, inflicting the feeling of strangeness on the operator. Especially when a continuous input operation is performed to a single input object graphically depicted on the touch sensor, the touch sensor may vibrate only in pressing upon an input operation and vibrates both in pressing and in releasing upon a next input operation, which leads to a significant feeling of strangeness on the operator.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention in consideration of such conditions is to provide an input apparatus and a method of controlling the input apparatus capable of providing a realistic click sensation, similar to that obtained when a push-button switch is operated, when an operator operates the touch sensor, and capable of allowing the operator to perform the continuous input operation (repetitive tap) without having the feeling of strangeness.
Solution to Problem
In order to achieve the above object, an input apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention includes:
a touch sensor for receiving an input;
a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor;
a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face; and
a control unit for controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a click sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a first standard for providing a tactile sensation, wherein
the control unit controls drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a release sensation corresponding to the click sensation is provided to the pressing object when the pressure load detected by the pressure load detection unit satisfies a second standard lower than the first standard after the click sensation is provided.
In addition, in order to achieve the above object, a control method of an input apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is a control method of an input apparatus including a touch sensor for receiving an input, a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor, and a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face, and includes:
driving the tactile sensation providing unit such that a click sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a first standard for providing a tactile sensation, and then driving the tactile sensation providing unit such that a release sensation corresponding to the click sensation is provided to the pressing object when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a second standard lower than the first standard.
In order to achieve the above object, an input apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention includes:
a touch sensor for receiving an input;
a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor;
a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face; and
a control unit for controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a tactile sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a first standard for providing a tactile sensation, wherein
the control unit controls drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a same tactile sensation as the tactile sensation is provided to the pressing object, when the pressure load detected by the pressure load detection unit satisfies a second standard lower than the first standard after the tactile sensation is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, an input apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes:
a touch sensor for receiving an input;
a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor;
a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face; and
a control unit for controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a tactile sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a first standard for providing a tactile sensation, wherein
the control unit controls drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a different tactile sensation from the tactile sensation is provided to the pressing object, when the pressure load detected by the pressure load detection unit satisfies a second standard lower than the first standard after the tactile sensation is provided.
Moreover, in order to achieve the above object, a control method of an input apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is a control method of an input apparatus having a touch sensor for receiving an input, a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor, and a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face, and includes:
controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a tactile sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a first standard for providing a tactile sensation, and then controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a same tactile sensation as the tactile sensation is provided to the pressing object, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a second standard lower than the first standard.
Furthermore, in order to achieve the above object, a control method of an input apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is a control method of an input apparatus having a touch sensor for receiving an input, a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor, and a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face, and includes:
controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a tactile sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a first standard for providing a tactile sensation, and then controlling drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a different tactile sensation from the tactile sensation is provided to the pressing object, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies a second standard lower than the first standard.
Effect of the Invention
According to the present invention, if the pressure load on the touch sensor satisfies the first standard for providing the tactile sensation, the touch face of the touch sensor is vibrated to provide the click sensation to an operator. Then, if the pressure load on the touch sensor satisfies the second standard lower than the first standard, the touch face of the touch sensor is vibrated to provide the release sensation corresponding to the click sensation to the operator. Thereby, it is possible to provide a realistic click sensation similar to that obtained when a push-button switch is operated to the operator, allowing the operator to perform a continuous input operation (repetitive tapping) without feeling the strangeness.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a general load characteristic of a push-button switch;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on operations of a variety of push-button switches with different pressure loads;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on operations of a variety of push-button switches with different strokes;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary result of a measurement of vibrations generated at a push button upon operation of the push-button switch;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic constitution of an input apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows an exemplary housing structure of the input apparatus shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of operations by the input apparatus shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of click sensation provided by the input apparatus shown in FIG. 5 when a standard load of pressing for providing a tactile sensation and that of releasing for providing the tactile sensation are set equal;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of click sensation provided by the input apparatus shown in FIG. 5 when the standard load of releasing for providing the tactile sensation is set less than that of pressing for providing the tactile sensation;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic constitution of an input apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a front view of the input apparatus shown in FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on a click sensation when varying frequency for vibrating a touch sensor;
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on the click sensation when varying vibration amplitude of the touch sensor;
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on the click sensation when varying period of a drive signal for vibrating the touch sensor;
FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on the click sensation when varying waveform of the drive signal for vibrating the touch sensor;
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the waveform of the drive signal for vibrating the touch sensor and an actual waveform of the vibration amplitude of the touch sensor;
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating exemplary results of sensory evaluations on the click sensation comparing with and without a release sensation;
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of tactile sensations provided during continuous input when the standard load of pressing for providing the tactile sensation and that of releasing for providing the tactile sensation are set equal;
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating example of tactile sensations provided during continuous input when the standard load of releasing for providing the tactile sensation is set to a value lower than that of pressing for providing the tactile sensation;
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of sensations provided during continuous input when the standard load of releasing for providing the tactile sensation is set close to that of pressing for providing the tactile sensation;
FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating exemplary results of sensory evaluations on tactile sensations during continuous input when the standard load of pressing for providing the tactile sensation is set to 1 N;
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating exemplary results of sensory evaluations on tactile sensations during continuous input when the standard load of pressing for providing the tactile sensation is set to 2 N; and
FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating exemplary results of sensory evaluations on tactile sensations during continuous input when the standard load of pressing for providing the tactile sensation is set to 3 N.



DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Prior to descriptions of embodiments of the present invention, a description of a principle of a method to provide a click sensation applied to an input apparatus according to the present invention is presented.
The principle of the method to provide the click sensation described below was found out by a joint research by members including inventors of the present invention. An applicant of the present invention has already suggested an input apparatus based on the principle (for example, see Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-326281).
For tactile sensory awareness, a human has a nerve responsible for a pressure sensation to feel a tactile sensation such as hardness or softness of an object from a load introduced to a bone and a muscle when touching the object and another nerve responsible for a tactile sensation to feel a texture of the object and the like by detecting a vibration introduced to a skin surface when touching the object. That is, the pressure sensation detects the load, whereas the tactile sensation detects the vibration. In addition, a tactile sensation is generally a combination of the pressure sensation and the tactile sensation. Accordingly, reproduction of a stimulus, similar to that to the “pressure sensation” and the “tactile sensation” when operating a push-button switch, on a touch face of a touch sensor enables to provide a click sensation to an operator.
On the other hand, metal dome switches, emboss switches, rubber switches, tactile switches and the like, for example, are widely known as the push-button switches used for information equipments and home electric appliances. Although there are differences in the stroke of a push-button and the applied load (pressing force) according to types of the switches, those general push-button switches basically have load characteristics as shown in FIG. 1.
In the load characteristics in pressing in FIG. 1, a period from a point A to a point B represents a period in which a load increases in substantially proportion to pressing down from a start of pressing the push button. A period from the point B to a point C represents a period in which a convex elastic member such as the metal dome is buckled by pressing down of the push button and the load is rapidly decreased. A period from the point C to a point D represents a period in which a contact point of the switch closes and the load increases in substantially proportion to pressing down.
Although there is a hysteresis to some degrees, the load characteristics of the push button in releasing retrace a change of the load in pressing. That is, a period from the point D to a point E represents a period in which the load decreases in substantially promotion to release from a start thereof and the contact point of the switch maintains a closed state. A period from the point E to a point F represents a period in which the elastic member recovers in a convex form from a buckled form by release of the push button and the load rapidly increases, and at start of this period the contact point of the switch is open. A period from the point F to a point G represents a period in which a finger is released from the push button after recovery of the elastic member and the load decreases in substantially proportion to the release.
In the load characteristics shown in FIG. 1, a maximum stroke of the push button is minimal; equal to or less than 1 mm for the metal dome switch, the emboss switch and the tactile switch and equal to or less than 3 mm for the rubber switch, for example. In addition, loads at the point B are around 1 N to 6 N, for example, on the metal dome switch, the emboss switch and the tactile switch and around 0.5 N, for example, on the rubber switch. The operator can feel the click sensation when operating any of those push-button switches.
As such, the researchers studied what kind of movement of the push-button switch provides the click sensation created by the “pressure sensation” and the “tactile sensation”. First, it is studied which causes the click sensation, a change in the stroke or change in the pressure load.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on how the operator felt when operating a variety of push-button switches with different pressure loads. A horizontal axis represents an actual pressure load and a vertical axis represents how operators felt about the push-button switches, heavy or light, on a scale of 1 to 7. Subjects as the operators were five people who were accustomed to use of mobile terminals. As can be seen in FIG. 2, it is shown that they could percept that push-button switches with high pressure loads were heavy and push-button switches with low pressure loads were light.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating results of sensory evaluations on how the operators felt when operating a variety of push-button switches with different strokes. A horizontal axis represents actual strokes and a vertical axis represents how the operators felt about the push-button switches, long or short, on a scale of 1 to 7. Subjects as the operators were the same five people as those involved in the sensory evaluations shown in FIG. 2, who were accustomed to usage of mobile terminals. As can be seen in FIG. 3, they could not clearly percept whether a minimal stroke was long or short.
The results of sensory evaluations presented above shows that the human can percept a difference in the load but not a difference in the minimal stroke.
Therefore, the above researchers focused on a change in the pressure load. That is, since the human cannot percept the difference in the stroke, it was studied whether the human can feel the click sensation if the pressure load on a plane such as the touch sensor, that is, a stimulus to the pressure sensation is changed following the points A, B and C in FIG. 1. Therefore, an experimental apparatus having a plate displacable in a vertical direction was prepared. Then, the plate was pressed down from the point A to the point B as shown in FIG. 1 and, at a point when a load reached the load at the point B, the plate was instantaneously displaced downward slightly in order to reproduce the change in the load between the points B, C.
As a result, although a “sense of pressing” to “have pressed down” the push-button switch was obtained, the realistic click sensation which could be obtained when operating the metal dome switch, for example, was not obtained. That is, it was found out that there is another element, which cannot be cleared by a relationship between the stroke and the load, in order to obtain the realistic click sensation.
As such, the above researchers next studied focusing not only on the “pressure sensation” but also the “tactile sensation”, which is another sensibility. Accordingly, with a variety of mobile terminals having the input apparatus with the push-button switches of the metal dome switches mounted thereon, the above researchers measured vibrations generated at push buttons when the push buttons were operated. As a result, it was found out that at a point when the pressure load reaches the point B in FIG. 1, that is, at a point when the metal dome starts being buckled, the push button vibrates at a frequency of approximately 100-200 Hz.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary result of such measurement. A horizontal axis represents a pressure elapsed time, whereas a vertical axis represents vibration amplitude. This push-button switch vibrates as shown by a solid line in FIG. 4 at the point B in FIG. 1. Thereby, it was found out that the human receives 1 period of vibration stimulus of about 6 ms (a frequency of approximately 170 Hz) when pressing this push-button switch. In addition, at a point when the pressure load on the push-button switch reached the point F in FIG. 1 in releasing, that is, at a point when the metal dome recovered from the buckled state, this push button vibrated as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 4. Thereby, it was found out that the human receives 1 period of the vibration stimulus of about 8 ms (a frequency of approximately 125 Hz) when releasing this push-button switch.
Accordingly, when the touch face in the form of a plate such as the touch sensor is pressed down, it is possible to provide the click sensation, similar to that obtained when operating the push-button switch having the result of measurement as shown in FIG. 4, to the operator, if the input apparatus stimulates the pressure sensation by letting the operator voluntarily press down the touch face without vibration when the load is from the point A to the point B shown in FIG. 1 and, at the point B, stimulates the tactile sensation by vibrating the touch face for 1 period at the frequency of 170 Hz or if the input apparatus stimulates the tactile sensation by providing a vibration waveform actually measured from the push-button switch to the operator.
According to the input apparatus of the above suggestion by the applicant based on the above principle, when the touch face is pressed, the pressure sensation is stimulated until the pressure load satisfies a predetermined standard for receiving an input and, when the standard is satisfied, the tactile sensation is stimulated by vibration of the touch face by the vibration unit with a predetermined drive signal, that is, with a frequency, period which means drive time (wavelength), waveform and vibration amplitude.
In addition, when operating the push-button switch, the human obtains a stimulus as shown in FIG. 4 to a tactile sensation at a finger from the push-button switch not only in pressing but also in releasing. As such, the input apparatus according to previous invention by the applicant provides the operator with the click sensation in releasing as well (hereinafter, the click sensation in releasing is also referred to as a release sensation, arbitrarily). Thereby, the input apparatus provides the operator with a more realistic click sensation similar to that obtained upon pressing the push-button switch down.
Moreover, for the input apparatus according to the above suggestion by the applicant employed in the mobile terminals, for example, a standard for providing the release sensation corresponding to a standard of pressing for providing the click sensation is set appropriately, in order to provide the realistic click sensation to the operator without a feeling of strangeness in a so-called repetitive tap, in which the same input object is continuously inputted, often performed in inputting telephone numbers, messages and the like.
Embodiments of the present invention based on the aforementioned principle is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention provides the realistic sensation, similar to that obtained when the push-button switch is pushed down, to the operator of the touch sensor by detecting the pressure load separately from an operation of the touch sensor to receive an input and vibrating the touch sensor. That is, when the touch sensor is operated, the pressure load is detected separately from the operation of the touch sensor to receive an input and, if the pressure load on the touch face of the touch sensor satisfies the standard for providing the tactile sensation, the touch face is vibrated such that the realistic click sensation is provided to the operator without a feeling of strangeness.
First Embodiment
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic constitution of an input apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This input apparatus has a touch sensor 11, a load detection unit 12, a tactile sensation providing unit 13, a display unit 14, and a control unit 15 for controlling overall operations. The touch sensor 11 receives an input to the display unit 14 by a finger and the like and may be, for example, of a known type such as a resistive film type, a capacitive type, an optical type and the like. The load detection unit 12 detects the pressure load applied to the touch face of the touch sensor 11 and may include an element such as, for example, a strain gauge sensor, a piezoelectric element or the like, which linearly reacts to a load. The tactile sensation providing unit 13 vibrates the touch sensor 11 and may include, for example, a piezoelectric vibrator. The display unit 14 displays an input object of an input button or the like such as the push-button switch (push-type button switch) and may be constituted of, for example, a liquid crystal display panel, an organic EL display panel or the like.
FIG. 6 shows an exemplary housing structure of the input apparatus shown in FIG. 5; FIG. 6(a) is a cross-sectional view of a main section, and FIG. 6(b) is a plane view of the main section. The display unit 14 is contained in a housing 21. The touch sensor 11 is disposed on the display unit 14 via insulators 22 made of elastic members. In the input apparatus according to the present embodiment, the display unit 14 and the touch sensor 11 are rectangular in shape in a planar view and the touch sensor 11 is disposed on the display unit 14 via the insulators 22 arranged at four corners outside a display area A of the display unit 14 shown by a chain double-dashed line in FIG. 6(b).
In addition, the housing 21 is provided with an upper cover 23 covering a surface area of the touch sensor 11 outside the display area of the display unit 14. An insulator 24 made of elastic member is arranged between the upper cover 23 and the touch sensor 11.
The touch sensor 11 shown in FIG. 6 may have, for example, a surface member having a touch face 11a and constituted of a transparent film or a glass, and a rear face member constituted of the glass or acryl. The touch sensor 11 may be designed such that, when the touch face 11a is pressed down, a pushed part or a structure itself is bent (strained) slightly in accordance with the pressing force.
A strain gauge sensor 31 for detecting a load (pressuring force) applied on the touch sensor 11 is provided, adhered or the like, on a surface of the touch sensor 11 at a position close to each periphery to be covered by the upper cover 23. In Addition, a piezoelectric vibrator 32 for vibrating the touch sensor 11 is provided, being adhered or the like, on the rear face of the touch sensor 11 at a position close to a periphery on each of two opposing sides. That is, the input apparatus shown in FIG. 6 has the load detection unit 12 shown in FIG. 5 including four strain gauge sensors 31 and the tactile sensation providing unit 13 including two piezoelectric vibrators 32. In addition, the tactile sensation providing unit 13 vibrates the touch sensor 11 to vibrate the touch face 11a. It is to be noted that the housing 21, the upper cover 23 and the insulator 24 shown in FIG. 6(a) are omitted in FIG. 6(b).
FIG. 7 is a flowchart of operations of the input apparatus according to the present embodiment. The control unit 15 monitors an input to the touch sensor 11 as well as monitoring a load detected by the load detection unit 12. The control unit 15 then detects whether the input to the touch sensor 11 by a pressing object (pressing means) such as a finger, a stylus pen and the like is an input to the input object displayed on the display unit 14 (step S701). As a result, if detecting that it is the input to the input object, the control unit 15 changes a display state of a portion (input portion) in the display unit 14 contacted by the pressing object (pressing means), by varying color or the like (step S702).
In addition, the control unit 15 also detects whether the pressure load detected by the load detection unit 12 increases with the pressure on the touch sensor 11 and satisfies a first standard for providing the tactile sensation (step S703). If detecting that the pressure load satisfies the standard as a result, the control unit 15 drives the tactile sensation providing unit 13 with a predetermined drive signal. Thereby, the touch sensor 11 is vibrated in a predetermined vibration pattern to provide the click sensation (step S704). It is to be noted that the load detection unit 12 detects the load from, for example, an average output value of the four strain gauge sensors 31. In addition, the tactile sensation providing unit 13 drives, for example, two piezoelectric vibrators 32 in phase.
Here, the first standard of the pressure load for providing the tactile sensation to be detected at step S703 is, for example, the load at the point B shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the first standard of the pressure load may be appropriately set in accordance with the load characteristic of an intended push-button switch in pressing. For example, the first standard of the pressure load may be set equal to a load at which the touch sensor 11 responds (setting a timing to provide the tactile sensation to be the same as a timing of response by the touch sensor 11) or set higher than the load at which the touch sensor 11 responds (setting the timing to provide the tactile sensation later than the timing of response by the touch sensor 11). Especially if it is applied to a mobile terminal, the standard of the pressure load may be set by a user as desired to the load at which the touch sensor 11 responds or higher (setting the timing to provide the tactile sensation later than the timing of the response of the touch sensor 11) such that elder user can set it heavier (slower), whereas a user who often writes messages can set it lighter (quicker).
In addition, the predetermined drive signal for driving the tactile sensation providing unit 13 at step S704, that is, a certain frequency, the period (wavelength), the waveform and the vibration amplitude to stimulate the tactile sensation may be set appropriately according to the click sensation to be provided. For example, in order to provide the click sensation represented by the metal dome switch used for the mobile terminals, at the above point when a pressure load of the first standard is applied, the tactile sensation providing unit 13 is driven by a drive signal, for example, a sine wave with a frequency of 170 Hz, for 1 period so as to vibrate the touch face 11a by approximately 15 μm in a state of the pressure load of the first standard being applied thereon. Thereby, it is possible to provide the realistic click sensation to the operator.
Then, upon detecting in releasing that the load detected by the load detection unit 12 satisfies a second standard for providing the tactile sensation (step S705), the control unit 15 drives the tactile sensation providing unit 13 with a predetermined drive signal to vibrate the touch sensor 11 in a predetermined vibration pattern in the same manner as that in pressing (step S706), such that the release sensation is provided to the operator via the pressing object (pressing means) pressing the touch sensor 11. In addition, substantially at the same time to drive of the tactile sensation providing unit 13, the control unit 15 changes the display state of the position (input position) on the display unit 14 contacted by the pressing object (pressing means) by returning to an original state and the like (step S707). Thereby, the operator recognizes that the input operation is completed.
Here, the load of the second standard for providing the tactile sensation in releasing at step S705, that is, to be detected after the click sensation is provided in pressing is set lower than the load in pressing detected at step S703, preferably at any value in a range of 50-80% of the load in pressing, as described below. In addition, in releasing at step S706, the drive signal to drive the tactile sensation providing unit 13 may be either equal to or different from the drive signal in pressing at step S704. For example, the drive signal in pressing may have a frequency of 170 Hz while the drive signal in releasing may have a frequency of 125 Hz, as shown in FIG. 4.
As set forth above, the input apparatus according to the present embodiment stimulates the pressure sensation until the load applied to the touch sensor 11 detected by the load detection unit 12 satisfies the first standard for providing the tactile sensation and, when the first standard is satisfied, stimulates the tactile sensation by driving the tactile sensation providing unit 13 with the predetermined drive signal such that the touch face 11a is vibrated in a predetermined vibration pattern. Thereby, the input apparatus provides the click sensation to the operator, so that the operator recognizes that the input operation is completed. Accordingly, even if the button switch such as the push-button switch (push-type button switch) is graphically depicted on the touch sensor, the operator can perform the input operation with feeling the realistic click sensation similar to that obtained when operating the push-button switch, and thus the operator may not have the feeling of strangeness. Moreover, since the operator can perform the input operation in conjunction with perception to “have tapped” the touch sensor 11, it prevents erroneous input caused by mere tapping.
In addition, if the first standard of the pressure load for providing the tactile sensation is set higher than the load at which the touch sensor 11 responds (setting the timing to provide the tactile sensation later than the timing of the response by the touch sensor 11), the input apparatus determines an input position according to a touch operation to the touch face 11a, and changes the display state of the input object at a corresponding portion of the display unit 14. Then, when the pressure load on the touch face 11a detected by the load detection unit 12 satisfies the first standard for providing the tactile sensation, the input apparatus drives the tactile sensation providing unit 13 to provide the click sensation and confirms the input position to allow an execution of predetermined processing. In this case, the operator can confirm that the input object is selected, by seeing a change of the display state of the input object displayed on the display unit 14. Moreover, with the click sensation provided to the operator upon pressing the touch face 11a, the operator can recognize that the input object selected is determined. Thereby it prevents erroneous input by a so-called wandering finger.
Moreover, since the input apparatus according to the present embodiment, if the load detected by the load detection unit 12 satisfies the second standard lower than the first standard in releasing after the click sensation is provided in pressing, drives the tactile sensation providing unit 13 with the predetermined drive signal to vibrate the touch sensor 11 in the predetermined vibration pattern in the same manner as that in pressing, it is possible to provide a release sensation corresponding to the click sensation in pressing. Thereby, in combination with the click sensation in pressing, it is possible to provide a click sensation more similar to that of the push-button switch to the operator.
For example, in a case where the same standard load to drive the tactile sensation providing unit 13 is set in pressing and releasing, it is possible to provide the click sensation and a release sensation similar to the click sensation in pressing and releasing, respectively, as shown in FIG. 8 if a maximum load in pressing exceeds the standard load. Thereby, it is possible to provide the click sensation more similar to that of the push-button switch to the operator. However, it is concerned that, if the pressing object (pressing means) is pulled back at the standard load of pressing, the tactile sensation providing unit 13 may not be driven in releasing or an unexpected release sensation may be provided when the operator intends to maintain the pressure load at the standard load, inflicting the feeling of strangeness on the operator.
In contrast, according to the input apparatus according to the present embodiment, since the second standard load for driving the tactile sensation providing unit 13 in releasing is set lower than the first standard in pressing as shown in FIG. 9, it ensures to provide the release sensation in releasing and thereby the click sensation more similar to that of the push-button switch to the operator. Especially if the second standard for driving the tactile sensation providing unit 13 in releasing is set to a value in a range of 50-80% of the first standard load for driving the tactile sensation providing unit 13 in pressing, it enables a smooth continuous input operation with realistic click sensation during continuous input to a single input object graphically depicted on the touch sensor 11. It is to be noted that, in FIG. 8, FIG. 9 and other figures, “Cli” and “Ck” represent the click sensation the human feels.
Second Embodiment
FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 illustrate an input apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a schematic constitution and FIG. 11 is a front view. This input apparatus is mounted on, for example, a mobile terminal and, as shown in FIG. 10, has a touch sensor 41 for receiving an input, a display unit 43 for displaying information based on an input position on the touch sensor 41, a load detection unit 44 for detecting a pressure load on the touch sensor 41, a tactile sensation providing unit 45 for vibrating the touch sensor 41 and a control unit 46 for controlling overall operations.
As shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of input objects 41a such as numeric keys are already provided, printed, adhered or the like, on the touch sensor 41. Accordingly, in the input apparatus according to the present embodiment, each of the input objects 41a constitutes the touch face. In order to prevent an erroneous input pressing a plurality of adjacent input objects 41a, an effective pressing area of each input object 41a for receiving an input is set smaller than a disposition area of the input object 41a. It is to be noted that, in FIG. 10, the load detection unit 44 and the tactile sensation providing unit 45 have strain gauge sensors and piezoelectric vibrators, respectively, in the same manner as those of the input apparatus shown in FIG. 6.
The control unit 46 monitors an input to the touch sensor 41 and a load detected by the load detection unit 44. When a pressure load detected by the load detection unit 44 increases with the pressure on the touch sensor 41 and satisfies the first standard for providing the tactile sensation, the control unit 46 drives the tactile sensation providing unit 45 with a predetermined drive signal to vibrate the touch sensor 41 in a predetermined vibration pattern in order to vibrate the touch face 11a. 
That is, separately from a detection of an input to the effective pressing area of the input object by the touch sensor 41, the control unit 46 detects the pressure load and, in the same manner as that according to the first embodiment, drives the tactile sensation providing unit 45 with the drive signal, for example, a sine wave with a constant frequency of 170 Hz, for 1 period at a point when the load on the touch sensor 41 increases and satisfies the first standard for providing the tactile sensation, such that the touch sensor 41 is vibrated by about 15 μm while the load satisfying the first standard is being applied thereon. Thereby, the click sensation is provided to the operator. In addition, by receiving the input detected on the touch sensor 41, the control unit 46 controls the display unit 43 to display in response to the input.
Then, when detecting that the load detected by the load detection unit 44 satisfies the second standard for providing the tactile sensation in releasing lower than the first standard, the control unit 46 drives the tactile sensation providing unit 45 with a predetermined drive signal in the same manner as the input apparatus according to the first embodiment, in order to vibrate the touch sensor 41 in a predetermined vibration pattern.
Hence, if the standard pressure load for providing the tactile sensation is set to a load at which the touch sensor 41 responds or higher, the operator, in the same manner as the first embodiment, can perform the input operation on the touch sensor 41 with feeling the realistic click sensation similar to that obtained when operating the push-button switch, and thus the operator does not have the feeling of strangeness. Moreover, since the operator can perform the input operation in conjunction with the perception to “have tapped” the touch sensor 41, it prevents the erroneous input caused by mere tapping.
In addition, in releasing after the tactile sensation is provided in pressing, if the pressure load detected by the load detection unit 44 satisfies the second standard lower than the first standard in pressing, the tactile sensation providing unit 45 is driven with the predetermined drive signal to vibrating the touch sensor 41 in the predetermined vibration pattern in the same manner as that in pressing, thereby it ensures to provide the release sensation corresponding to the click sensation in pressing. Thereby, in combination with the click sensation in pressing, it is possible to provide the click sensation more similar to that of the push-button switch to the operator. Especially if the second standard for driving the load detection unit 44 in releasing is set to a value in a range of approximately 50-80% of the first standard load for driving the load detection unit 44 in pressing, it enables a smooth continuous input operation with the realistic click sensation.
The following is a description of results of sensory evaluations on the click sensation of the input apparatus according to the above embodiments conducted by the above researchers together with the research on the principle of the click sensation providing method described above. The results of the sensory evaluations described below were conducted using the input apparatus previously suggested by the applicant described above.
Although there are deviations to some degrees according to models of terminals, the metal dome switches widely used for commercially available mobile terminals have the load characteristics that the load is rapidly decreased when a predetermined load, roughly equal to or less than 6 N and generally equal to or less than 3 N, is applied thereon. As such, the above researchers first conducted sensory evaluations of the click sensation when the vibration unit (corresponding to the tactile sensation providing unit of the present invention) is driven only in pressing. For these sensory evaluations, a load on the touch sensor for starting drive of the vibration unit in pressing (a load at a point B in FIG. 1) was set to 1.5 N and parameters were the frequency, the period (wavelength) and the waveform of the drive signal.
Exemplary results of the evaluations are shown in FIG. 12 to FIG. 15. In FIG. 12 to FIG. 15, the subjects were the same five people as those involved in the sensory evaluations shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Three evaluation items were “feel click sensation”, “good feeling” and tactile sensation “similar to mobile terminal”. For the item “feel click sensation”, “No” scores 1 and “Strongly feel” scores 7. For the item “good feeling”, “Bad” scores 1 and “Good” scores 7. For the item “similar to mobile terminal”, “not similar” scores 1 and “very similar” scores 7. The score of each item represents an average score of the five people.
FIG. 12 shows results of evaluations when varying the frequency. In the sensory evaluations, the period (wavelength) of the drive signal for driving the vibration unit, that is, the drive time was 1 period, the waveform was the sine wave and the frequency was varied in a range of 50-250 Hz. The amplitude of the drive signal was set to a level at which the vibration amplitude of 15 μm can be obtained in a state of a predetermined standard load being applied on the touch sensor. As a result, as can be seen in FIG. 12, it was confirmed that, although the highest evaluation was obtained at the frequency of 170 Hz, the human can obtain the click sensation similar to that of the mobile terminals at a frequency of 140 Hz or higher.
FIG. 13 shows results of evaluations when varying the amplitude of the drive signal. In the sensory evaluations, the frequency of the drive signal for driving the vibration unit was 170 Hz, the period was 1 period and the waveform was the sine wave. The signal amplitude was varied such that, in a state with no load in which the touch sensor was not pressed, the touch sensor is vibrated in predetermined amplitude in a range of 1-35 μm. Under a condition of the vibration amplitude with no load, the vibration unit was driven when a load of 1.5 N is applied to the touch sensor in order to evaluate each item. A horizontal axis in FIG. 13 represents the vibration amplitude when the load of 1.5 N was applied correspondingly to the vibration amplitude with no load on the touch sensor. As a result, as can be seen in FIG. 13, it was confirmed that, in a state with the load of 1.5 N, the human can sufficiently obtain the click sensation if the vibration amplitude is 15 μm or more. That is, the human can feel the click sensation, if the touch sensor is vibrated with the vibration amplitude of 15 μm or more for only 1 period at a frequency of 170 Hz in a state of the load of 1.5 N being applied on the touch sensor.
FIG. 14 shows results of evaluations when varying the period (wavelengths), that is, drive time. In the sensory evaluations, the waveform of the drive signal for driving the vibration unit was the sine wave, the signal amplitude was set to obtain the vibration amplitude of 15 μm in a state of the predetermined standard load being applied on the touch sensor, the frequency was 170 Hz and the period was varied in a range of 1⁄4 to 3 periods. For 1⁄4 period and 1⁄2 period, the signal amplitude was set such that a vibration displacement on the touch sensor was approximately the same as those in other periods, that is, so as to obtain the vibration amplitude of approximately 15 μm. As a result, as can be seen in FIG. 14, the highest evaluation was obtained when the period (wavelength) was 1 period. In addition, it was also confirmed that, although good results were basically obtained with 5/4 periods and less than 1 period, it differed from the click sensation of the mobile terminal with 3/2 or more periods.
FIG. 15 shows results of evaluations when varying waveform of the drive signal. In the sensory evaluations, the sine wave, a square wave and a triangle wave were used as the waveform of the drive signal for driving the vibration unit. In addition, each signal has a frequency of 170 Hz, the signal amplitude was set to a level which causes the vibration amplitude of 15 μm in the state of the predetermined standard load being applied to the touch sensor, and the period was 1 period. As a result, as can be seen in FIG. 15, the highest evaluation was obtained by the sine wave.
Here, the drive signal of the sine wave (input voltage of the drive unit), as shown by a dashed line in FIG. 16, may be the voltage in 1 period from any phase not only 1 period in which the voltage increases from 0 degree phase and then decreases but also, such as, 1 period in which the voltage decreases from 180 degree phase and then increases. FIG. 16 also shows a waveform (broken line) of the vibration amplitude of the touch sensor under no load and a waveform (solid line) of the vibration amplitude of the touch sensor under a load of 1.5 N when the drive unit is driven by the input voltage shown by the dashed line.
From the exemplary results of the evaluations described above, it was confirmed that it is possible to provide the realistic click sensation to the operator, at a point when a load satisfying the predetermined standard is applied on the touch sensor, if the vibration unit is vibrated with a drive signal of, for example, 5/4 period or less, preferably 1 period of the sine wave with a frequency of 140 Hz or more, preferably 170 Hz, and amplitude to vibrate the vibration unit by approximately 15 μm or more.
Next, the above researchers conducted sensory evaluations on the click sensation when the vibration unit is driven only in pressing as described above and when it is driven both in pressing and in releasing. The following is a description of results of these evaluations.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating exemplary results of these evaluations. In FIG. 17, bars on the left side represent results of the evaluations when the vibration unit was driven only in pressing, that is, “without the release sensation”, whereas bars on the right side represent results of the evaluations when the vibration unit 14 was driven both in pressing and in releasing, that is, “with the release sensation”. The subjects were the same five people as those involved in the sensory evaluations shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Evaluation items were four items including “good feedback (easy to percept)” in addition to the three evaluation items in FIG. 12 to FIG. 15. Each item is on a scale of 1 to 7 and the score of each item represents an average score of the five people. For the item “good feedback”, “bad” scores 1 and “good” scores 7. In addition, the predetermined standard load of pressing and that of releasing to drive the vibration unit were set equal and the same drive signal is used in pressing and in releasing. Here, the predetermined standard load was 1.5 N. In addition, the drive signal was 1 period of sine wave with the frequency of 170 Hz and amplitude to vibrate the touch sensor by approximately 15 μm under the pressure of 1.5 N.
As can be seen in the results of the evaluations in FIG. 17, it was confirmed that, if the release sensation is provided by vibrating the touch sensor in releasing as well, the click sensation becomes more similar to that of the push-button switch of the mobile terminals and a good feedback (perception) can be obtained.
The above researchers further conducted sensory evaluations on the click sensation in continuous input when the click sensation is provided both in pressing and in releasing as described above. The following is a description of results of these evaluations.
For example, when the human quickly performs continuous input, a next input is generally started before the pressure load returns to “0” and the maximum load in pressing varies. At this point, in a case where the standard load of pressing for driving the vibration unit and that of releasing are set equal, if the pressure load is pulled back at the standard load during continuous input as shown in FIG. 18, the vibration unit is not driven in releasing for the input, or the click sensation of a next input is provided before the operator recognizes to have released. Accordingly, the tactile sensation is not matched with the input operation, thereby inflicting the feeling of strangeness on the operator. FIG. 18 shows a case where a pressure load on a third input in four continuous inputs is pulled back from the standard load.
On the other hand, if the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit is set too low in comparison with that of pressing for driving the vibration unit, and if a next input operation is performed before the load returns to the standard load of releasing during continuous input as shown in FIG. 19, it may inflict the feeling of strangeness on the operator because of the tactile sensation out of synchronization. FIG. 19 shows a case where a third input in four continuous inputs is operated before a load of releasing on a second input reaches the standard load of releasing. In addition, if the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit is too low as stated above, it takes time to return thereto. As a result, it takes time to allow a next input even if the operator desires to input continuously without feeling of strangeness from the sensation provided, which prevents the operator from operating quick continuous input. Thereby, there is a concern that it may deteriorate operability during continuous input (repetitive tap).
In contrast, if the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit is set close to the that of pressing for driving the vibration unit, it enables quicker continuous input. However, if the operator tries to maintain (hold) a pressed state during continuous input, an unexpected release sensation may be provided to the operator inflicting the feeling of strangeness. That is, when the pressed state is held during continuous input, the load slightly varies even though the operator intends to maintain the pressure load constant. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 20, for example, if a load range between the standard load of pressing and that of releasing is smaller than a load variation range in a holding state as described above, the operator is provided with the release sensation although the operator thinks oneself holding and thus has the feeling of strangeness.
As such, the above researchers conducted sensory evaluations on the click sensation with varying the load to drive the vibration unit in releasing with respect to the load driving the vibration unit in pressing.
FIG. 21 to FIG. 23 are diagrams illustrating the results of these sensory evaluations. In FIG. 21 to FIG. 23, the subjects were the same five people as those involved in the sensory evaluations shown in FIG. 17. Evaluation items were five items including “easy for repetitive tap” in addition to the four items in FIG. 17. Each item is on a scale of 1 to 7 and the score of each item represents an average score of the five people. For the item “easy for repetitive tap”, “No” scores 1 and “Yes” scores 7. In addition, both in pressing and in releasing, the drive signal to drive the vibration unit (corresponding to the tactile sensation providing unit according to the present invention) was 1 period of the sine wave with the frequency of 170 Hz and the amplitude for vibrating the touch sensor by approximately 15 μm when the standard load for providing the tactile sensation was satisfied.
FIG. 21 shows results of evaluations when the standard load of pressing for driving the vibration unit was 1 N and the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit was 0 N, 0.5 N and 1 N. As can be seen in FIG. 21, if the standard load of pressing for driving the vibration unit was 1 N, the highest evaluations for all items were obtained when the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit was 0.5 N.
FIG. 22 shows results of evaluations when the standard load of pressing for driving the vibration unit was 2 N and the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit was 0 N, 0.5 N, 1 N, 1.5 N and 2 N. As can be seen in FIG. 22, if the standard load of pressing for driving the vibration unit was 2 N, high evaluations were obtained when the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit was 1 N and 1.5 N. The highest evaluations for all items were obtained especially with 1.5 N.
FIG. 23 shows results of evaluations when the standard load of pressing for driving the vibration unit was 3 N and the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit was 0 N, 0.5 N, 1 N, 1.5 N, 2 N, 2.5 N and 3 N. As can be seen in FIG. 23, if the standard load of pressing for driving the vibration unit was 3 N, high evaluations were obtained when the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit was 1.5 N, 2 N and 2.5 N. The highest evaluations for all items were obtained especially with 2 N.
From the exemplary results of the evaluations described above, it was confirmed that, if the standard load of releasing for driving the vibration unit is set to a value in the range of approximately 50-80% of that of pressing for driving the vibration unit, it is possible to synchronize a sequential input and the timing to provide the tactile sensation during continuous input (repetitive tapping) and thus the realistic click sensation can be provided without giving the feeling of strangeness. That is, it is possible to prevent the feeling of strangeness by setting the standard load of releasing smaller than that of pressing, and to significantly improve the operability during continuous input by setting the standard load of releasing at a value approximately 50% or more of that of pressing. In addition, it is also possible to deal with slight variations in the load in the holding state during continuous input by setting the standard load of releasing at a value approximately equal to or less than 80% of that of pressing.
On the basis of the above results of the sensory evaluations, according to the input apparatus according to each of the above embodiments of the present invention, if the first standard for providing the tactile sensation in pressing is set to 1 N, for example, the second standard for providing the tactile sensation in releasing is set to any value from 0.5 N to 0.8 N. In addition, if the first standard of pressing for providing the tactile sensation is high, the load variation range in the holding state becomes wider than that when the first standard is low. In such a case also, the second standard in releasing for providing the tactile sensation is set in the range of approximately 50-80% of that in pressing (first standard) for providing the tactile sensation. For example, if the first standard in pressing is set to 6 N, which is a high value, the second standard in releasing is set to 3 N-4.8 N. Thereby, it is possible to provide the realistic click sensation in response to continuous input without providing unexpected release sensation and thereby inflicting the feeling of strangeness. The first standard in pressing and the second standard in releasing may be set either fixedly or arbitrarily selectably by the user.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth above and various modifications and changes may be implemented. For example, the load detection unit may be constituted of any number of strain gauge sensors. In addition, the load detection unit can be constituted without using the strain gage sensor if capable of detecting a load in accordance with an input detection type of the touch sensor, that is, detecting a load from a change of the output signal based on a resistance change according to a contact area in using the resistive film type or based on a change in capacitance in using the capacitive type. In addition, the tactile sensation providing unit may be constituted of any number of piezoelectric vibrators, transparent piezoelectric elements provided on an entire surface of the touch sensor, or an eccentric motor which rotates 360 degrees in 1 period of the drive signal. Moreover, the load detection unit and the tactile sensation providing unit can share the piezoelectric elements if both units are constituted of the piezoelectric elements.
In addition, the control unit may be configured to change the drive signal to drive the tactile sensation providing unit based on an input position detected by the touch sensor in order to change the click sensation.
The present invention is effectively applicable to an input apparatus in which the touch sensor serves as a touch switch for on/off operation. Also, the input apparatus according to the present invention is capable of providing feelings of a multistep switch, such as a two-step switch (pressed further after pressed), by sequentially providing the click sensation on different standards (loads) while the touch sensor is being pressed. Thereby, if the input apparatus is applied to a release button of a camera, for example, it can provide a feeling of lock focus (first step) and a feeling of release (second step). In addition, in combination with the display unit, the input apparatus can change a display of a menu screen and the like in a variety of manners in accordance with the steps of pressing. Moreover, when providing the feelings of the multistep switch, it is possible to change the drive signal to vibrate the touch face by the tactile sensation providing unit at each step in order to provide a different click sensation at each step.
According to the present invention, the tactile sensation providing unit is driven when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies the standard (first standard or second standard) for providing the tactile sensation. Here, “when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies the standard for providing the tactile sensation” may represent either “when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit reaches the standard load for providing the tactile sensation”, “when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit exceeds the standard load for providing the tactile sensation”, or “when the standard load for providing the tactile sensation is detected by the load detection unit”.
In addition, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit satisfies the standard (first standard or second standard) for providing the tactile sensation, the control unit drives the tactile sensation providing unit to vibrate the touch sensor in the predetermined vibration pattern. The predetermined vibration pattern in pressing may be one as shown by the solid line in FIG. 4, whereas that in releasing may be another as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 4. Vibration of the touch sensor in those manners can provide the same click sensation (vibration stimulus) as that obtained when operating the push-button switch, to the operator.
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST


    11 touch sensor
    11a touch face
    12 load detection unit
    13 tactile sensation providing unit
    14 display unit
    15 control unit
    21 housing
    22 insulator
    23 upper cover
    24 insulator
    31 strain gauge sensor
    32 piezoelectric vibrator
    41 touch sensor
    41a input object
    43 display unit
    44 load detection unit
    45 tactile sensation providing unit
    46 control unit

## Claims

1. An input apparatus comprising:
a touch sensor configured to receive an input;
a load detection unit configured to detect a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor;
a tactile sensation providing unit configured to vibrate the touch face; and
a control unit configured to control a drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a first tactile sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit exceeds a first threshold for providing a tactile sensation,
wherein the control unit controls the drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a second tactile sensation is provided to the pressing object, when the pressure load detected by the pressure load detection unit is less than a second threshold for providing a tactile sensation, after the first tactile sensation is provided,
wherein the control unit controls a same driving signal for the first tactile sensation and the second tactile sensation, and
wherein the first threshold and the second threshold are set such that the first tactile sensation and the second tactile sensation are synchronized with repetitive input.

2. The input apparatus of claim 1, wherein the control unit changes a display state of at least a portion of a display unit contacted by the pressing object.

3. The input apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first threshold and the second threshold is adjustable by a user.

4. A control method for controlling an input apparatus comprising a touch sensor for receiving an input, a load detection unit for detecting a pressure load on a touch face of the touch sensor, and a tactile sensation providing unit for vibrating the touch face, the control method comprising:
controlling a drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a first tactile sensation is provided to a pressing object which is pressing the touch face when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit exceeds a first threshold for providing a tactile sensation;
controlling the drive of the tactile sensation providing unit such that a second tactile sensation is provided to the pressing object, when the pressure load detected by the load detection unit is less than a second threshold for providing a tactile sensation, after the first tactile sensation is provided;
controlling a same driving signal for the first tactile sensation and the second tactile sensation,
wherein the first threshold and the second threshold are set such that the first tactile sensation and the second tactile sensation are synchronized with repetitive input.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising changing a display portion of a display unit contacted by the pressing object.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein at least one of the first threshold and the second threshold is adjustable by a user.