APPENDIX B. ENGINEERING DATA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

B.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................................B­1
 

B.2 BASELINE SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................................................B­1
 

B.3 CHANGES TO BASELINE SPECIFICATIONS ..............................................................B­6
 

B.3.1 VOP.RC.M Equipment Class ................................................................................ B­6
 

B.3.2 VOP.RC.L Equipment Class.................................................................................. B­6
 

B.3.3 SVO.RC.M Equipment Class ................................................................................ B­7
 

B.3.4 HZO.RC.M Equipment Class................................................................................ B­7
 

B.3.5 HZO.RC.L Equipment Class................................................................................. B­8
 

B.3.6 VCT.RC.M Equipment Class ................................................................................ B­8
 

B.3.7 VCT.RC.L Equipment Class.................................................................................. B­9
 

B.3.8 SOC.RC.M Equipment Class................................................................................. B­9
 

B.3.9 VOP.SC.M Equipment Class............................................................................... B­10
 

B.3.10 SVO.SC.M Equipment Class............................................................................... B­10
 

B.3.11 HZO.SC.M Equipment Class............................................................................... B­11
 

B.3.12 HZO.SC.L Equipment Class................................................................................ B­12
 

B.3.13 VCT.SC.I Equipment Class................................................................................. B­12
 

B.3.14 VCS.SC.I Equipment Class................................................................................. B­13
 

B.3.15 HZO.SC.I Equipment Class................................................................................. B­14
 

B.4 COST­EFFICIENCY RESULTS .....................................................................................B­15
 

B.5 HISTORICAL LED COST DATA...................................................................................B­31
 

B.6 LED COST PROJECTION DATA ..................................................................................B­32
 

LIST OF TABLES

Table B.2.1 Baseline Design Options........................................................................................... B­2

Table B.2.2 Baseline Specifications ............................................................................................. B­4

Table B.4.1 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCT.RC.L Equipment Class.... B­16

Table B.4.2 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VOP.RC.M Equipment Class .. B­17

Table B.4.3 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the SVO.RC.M Equipment Class .. B­18

Table B.4.4 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.RC.L Equipment Class... B­19

Table B.4.5 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.RC.M Equipment Class.. B­20

Table B.4.6 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCT.RC.M Equipment Class .. B­21

Table B.4.7 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VOP.RC.L Equipment Class.... B­22

Table B.4.8 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the SOC.RC.M Equipment Class... B­23

Table B.4.9 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VOP.SC.M Equipment Class... B­24

Table B.4.10 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the SVO.SC.M Equipment Class. B­25

Table B.4.11 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.SC.L Equipment Class.. B­26

Table B.4.12 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.SC.M Equipment Class. B­27

Table B.4.13 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HCT.SC.I Equipment Class... B­28

Table B.4.14 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCT.SC.I Equipment Class... B­29

Table B.4.15 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCS.SC.I Equipment Class... B­30

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Table B.5.1 Summary of LED Price Reductions from Cree Annual Reports ............................ B­31

Table B.6.1 Low Temperature LED System Cost Components* and Cost Reduction Estimate B­33

Table B.6.2 Medium Temperature LED System Cost Components* and Cost Reduction Estimate

...................................................................................................................................................... B­33

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure B.4.1 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCT.RC.L Equipment Class................................. B­16
 

Figure B.4.2 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VOP.RC.M Equipment Class................................ B­17
 

Figure B.4.3 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the SVO.RC.M Equipment Class................................ B­18
 

Figure B.4.4 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.RC.L Equipment Class................................. B­19
 

Figure B.4.5 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.RC.M Equipment Class ............................... B­20
 

Figure B.4.6 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCT.RC.M Equipment Class................................ B­21
 

Figure B.4.7 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VOP.RC.L Equipment Class................................. B­22
 

Figure B.4.8 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the SOC.RC.M Equipment Class................................ B­23
 

Figure B.4.9 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VOP.SC.M Equipment Class................................ B­24
 

Figure B.4.10 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the SVO.SC.M Equipment Class.............................. B­25
 

Figure B.4.11 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.SC.L Equipment Class............................... B­26
 

Figure B.4.12 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.SC.M Equipment Class.............................. B­27
 

Figure B.4.13 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HCT.SC.I Equipment Class ................................ B­28
 

Figure B.4.14 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCT.SC.I Equipment Class ................................ B­29
 

Figure B.4.15 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCS.SC.I Equipment Class................................. B­30
 

Figure B.5.1 Cost­Efficiency Trends for Red­Light LEDs and White­Light LEDs................... B­32
 

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APPENDIX B. ENGINEERING DATA
 

B.1 INTRODUCTION
 

This appendix presents baseline specifications and detailed cost­efficiency results for

each of the fifteen commercial refrigeration equipment (CRE) equipment classes analyzed in the

engineering analysis (Chapter 5).

B.2 BASELINE SPECIFICATIONS

Table B.2.1 shows baseline design options for each of the fifteen commercial

refrigeration equipment classes analyzed in the engineering analysis. All changes to cost and

efficiency are measured relative to this level in the engineering analysis. Refer to Chapter 5 of

the TSD for details about each baseline technology.

Table B.2.2 shows baseline specifications (or case design specifications) for each of the

CRE equipment classes analyzed in the engineering analysis. These specifications include

dimensions, numbers of components, temperatures, nominal power ratings, and other case

features that are necessary to calculate the energy consumption of each equipment class. In

conjunction with baseline design option levels, the baseline specifications define the energy

consumption and cost of the typical minimum technology equipment on the market.

B­1

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Table B.2.1 Baseline Design Options
 

VCT.RC.L VOP.RC.M SVO.RC.M HZO.RC.L HZO.RC.M VCT.RC.M VOP.RC.

Lighting for VOP, T8 T8 T8 SVO, HZO and SOC ­ Electronic Electronic ­ ­ ­ Electronic Lighting for VCT T8Electronic ­ ­ ­ ­ T8Electronic ­ 

Evaporator Coil Area Standard Coil Standard Coil Standard Coil Standard Coil Standard Coil Standard Coil Standard Coil 

Evaporator Fan Motors Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Po

Motor 

Doors for VCT.XX.L/I(30 x 67 in)

StandardDoor ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ 

Doors for VCT.XX.M(30 x 67 in) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­

Standard

Door ­ 

Doors for HCT.XX.L/I(18 x 20.5 in) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Doors for SOC.XX.M(20 x 24 in) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­Condenser Coil Area(SC Only) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Condenser Fan Motors(SC only) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ Compressor (SC only)

­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ 

B­2

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Table B.2.1 Baseline Design Options (Con’t)
 

VOP.SC.M SVO.SC.M HZO.SC.L HZO.SC.M HCT.SC.I VCT.SC.I VCS.SC.

Lighting for VOP, T8 T8 T8SVO, HZO and SOC Electronic Electronic ­ ­ ­ Electronic ­

Lighting for VCT

­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­

Evaporator Coil Area Standard Coil Standard Coil Standard Coil Standard Coil ­ Standard Coil Standard Coil

Evaporator Fan Motors Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Pole Motor ­ Shaded Pole Motor Shaded Po

Motor

Doors for VCT.XX.L/I(30 x 67 in) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­

Standard

Door ­

Doors for VCT.XX.M

(30 x 67 in) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­

Doors for HCT.XX.L/I

(18 x 20.5 in) ­ ­ ­ ­

Standard

Door ­ ­

Doors for SOC.XX.M

(20 x 24 in) ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­

Condenser Coil Area Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard Standard

(SC Only) Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil Coil CoilCondenser Fan Motors Shaded Pole Shaded Pole Shaded Pole Shaded Pole Shaded Pole Shaded Pole Shaded Po(SC only) Motor Motor Motor Motor Motor Motor MotorCompressor (SC only) Single Speed Hermetic Single Speed Hermetic Single Speed Hermetic Single Speed Hermetic Single Speed Hermetic Single Speed Hermetic Single Spe

Hermetic

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 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Table B.2.2 Baseline Specifications
 

VCT.RC.L VOP.RC.M SVO.RC.M HZO.RC.L HZO.RC.M VCT.RC.M 

Case Length [ft] 12.7 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.7 Case Gross Refrigerated Volume [ft3] 133.5 130.2 46.6 55.0 33.0 142.0 Case Total Display Area [ft2] 65.0 53.3 40.0 46.0 33.0 65.0 

Number of Bulbs in Conditioned Space [#] 6 12 9 0 0 6 Number of Bulbs NOT in Conditioned Space [#] 0 9 6 0 0 0 Number of Ballasts in Conditioned Space [#] 6 0 0 0 0 6 Number of Ballasts NOT in Conditioned Space [#] 0 7 5 0 0 0 

Evaporator Fan Nominal Rated Wattage [W] 6 9 9 6 9 6 

Number of Evaporator Fans per Case [#] 5 6 4 4 4 5 

Condenser Fan Nominal Rated Wattage [W] 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Number of Condenser Fans per Case [#] 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Defrost Mechanism Type [OFF, ELE, MAN] ELE OFF OFF ELE ELE OFF Defrost Time per Day [hrs] 1.0 4.5 3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Defrost+Drain Heater Power [W] 5000 0 0 3000 1000 0 Anti­Sweat Power Other Than Doors [W] 0 0 50 200 50 0 Condensate Pan Heater Power [W] 0 0 0 0 0 0 Discharge Air Temperature (DAT) [F] ­5 25 25 ­10 25 32 Saturated Evaporator Temperature (SET) Nominal [F] ­11 15 15 ­20 15 27 Saturated Condenser Temperature (SCT) Nominal [F] 0 0 0 0 0 0 Compressor Oversize Factor 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Insulation Thickness [in] 2.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 Wall Area [ft2] 200.0 175.9 113.4 140.0 93.3 204.0 

Number of Doors [#] 5 0 0 0 0 5 

Single Door Area [ft2] 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.0 

Non­Door Glass Area [ft2] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Case Interior Surface Area [ft2] 145.0 130.2 72.5 82.0 48.4 146.5 Air Curtain Height [ft]Air Curtain Angle From Vertical [°] ­ 8.5 47.0 90.0 82.0 ­ 

Infiltrated Air Mass [lb/hr] 30 860 590 140 250 30 

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 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Table B.2.2 Baseline Specifications (Con’t.)
 

Equipment Class VOP.SC.M SVO.SC.M HZO.SC.L HZO.SC.M HCT.SC.I VCT.SC.I Case Length [ft] 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.4 4.3 Case Gross Refrigerated Volume [ft3] 32.0 9.4 7.4 7.5 10.2 48.0 Case Total Display Area [ft2] 14.9 12.8 12.0 12.0 5.1 26.0 

Number of Bulbs in Conditioned Space [#] 4 3 0 0 0 3 Number of Bulbs NOT in Conditioned Space [#] 3 2 0 0 0 0 Number of Ballasts in Conditioned Space [#] 0 0 0 0 0 3 Number of Ballasts NOT in Conditioned Space [#] 3 2 0 0 0 0 

Evaporator Fan Nominal Rated Wattage [W] 6 6 6 6 0 9 

Number of Evaporator Fans per Case [#] 2 1 1 1 0 2 

Condenser Fan Nominal Rated Wattage [W] 9 9 6 6 9 6 

Number of Condenser Fans per Case [#] 3 1 1 1 1 2 

Defrost Mechanism Type [OFF, ELE, MAN] OFF OFF ELE ELE MAN ELE Defrost Time per Day [hrs] 2.8 2.8 1.5 1.0 0.0 1.0 Defrost+Drain Heater Power [W] 0 0 900 400 0 2580 Anti­Sweat Power Other Than Doors [W] 0 100 300 100 0 0 Condensate Pan Heater Power [W] 1500 1100 400 300 0 200 Discharge Air Temperature (DAT) [F] 25 25 ­10 25 ­20 ­20 Saturated Evaporator Temperature (SET) Nominal [F] 15 15 ­20 15 ­30 ­30 Saturated Condenser Temperature (SCT) Nominal [F] 95 95 95 95 95 95 Compressor Oversize Factor 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Insulation Thickness [in] 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 Wall Area [ft2] 61.0 40.2 52.0 54.0 36.8 77.0 

Number of Doors [#] 0 0 0 0 2 2 

Single Door Area [ft2] 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 13.0 

Non­Door Glass Area [ft2] 0.0 0.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 

Case Interior Surface Area [ft2] 47.5 21.3 19.5 19.8 26.1 64.0 Air Curtain Height [ft]Air Curtain Angle From Vertical [°] 6.1 57.0 85.0 85.0 ­ ­ 

Infiltrated Air Mass [lb/hr] 300 220 100 100 3 15 

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B.3 CHANGES TO BASELINE SPECIFICATIONS

This section details changes to the baseline design specifications in the NOPR engineering

analysis relative to the ANOPR by equipment class. Changes to the baseline design specifications

for the 15 equipment classes analyzed in the ANOPR are presented. If no mention is made of a

particular value, that value remained unchanged from the ANOPR.

B.3.1 VOP.RC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the vertical,

open, remote condensing equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Number of bulbs in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

four rows of lit shelves, which DOE understands is the typical number of shelves in

VOP.RC.M equipment.

•	 Number of bulbs not in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

two rows of canopy lighting and one row of front ledge lighting.

•	 Number of ballasts not in conditioned space – The number of ballasts was revised to

reflect the total number of bulbs present, assuming one ballast for every three bulbs.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to more closely

reflect temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for VOP.RC.M

equipment.

B.3.2 VOP.RC.L Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the vertical,

open, remote condensing, low­temperature equipment class.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for VOP.RC.L equipment.

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B.3.3 SVO.RC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the semivertical, open, remote condensing, medium­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Anti­sweat power other than doors – The anti­sweat power was revised to be more in

line with what is currently available on the market.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Number of bulbs in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

three rows of lit shelves.

•	 Number of bulbs not in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

two rows of canopy lighting.

•	 Number of ballasts not in conditioned space – The number of ballasts was revised to

reflect the total number of bulbs present, assuming one ballast for every three bulbs.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for SVO.RC.M equipment.

B.3.4 HZO.RC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the horizontal,

open, remote condensing, medium­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Case total display area – The total display area of the case was changed because the

ANOPR value was not consistent with the infiltration load used. A single­deck meat

case was used as the representative case type for this product class.

•	 Case gross refrigerated volume – The gross refrigerated volume of the case was

changed to coincide with the change in total display area.

•	 Anti­sweat power other than doors – The anti­sweat power was revised to be in line

with single­deck meat cases currently available on the market.

•	 Wall area – The wall area of the case was revised to coincide with the change in total

display area.

•	 Case interior surface area – The interior surface area of the case was revised to coincide

with the change in total display area.

•	 Air curtain angle from vertical – The air curtain angle was revised to be consistent with

single­deck meat cases.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

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and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Evaporator fan nominal rated wattage – The wattage rating for the evaporator fan was

updated to be consistent with single­deck meat cases.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for HZO.RC.M equipment

that operates at 38 F.

•	 Defrost mechanism type – The defrost mechanism was changed to electric defrost

because the majority (roughly 2/3) of HZO.RC.M cases for which data was available

use electric defrost.

•	 Defrost time per day – The total amount of defrost time per day was changed to be

consistent with electric defrost.

•	 Defrost and drain heater power – The amount of power consumed by the defrost

mechanism and drain heater was revised to be consistent with electric defrost.

B.3.5 HZO.RC.L Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the horizontal,

open, remote condensing, low­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Anti­sweat power other than doors– The anti­sweat power was revised to be in line

with typical low­temperature island cases currently on the market.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for HZO.RC.L equipment.

•	 Defrost and drain heater power – The amount of power consumed by the defrost

mechanism and drain heater was revised to be in line with typical low­temperature

island cases currently on the market.

B.3.6 VCT.RC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the vertical,

closed, transparent door, remote condensing, medium­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Single door area – The area of a single cabinet door was revised slightly in order to be

consistent with the total display area of the cabinet.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

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other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for VCT.RC.M equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

reflect temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for VCT.RC.M

equipment.

B.3.7 VCT.RC.L Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the vertical,

closed, transparent door, remote condensing, low­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Case gross refrigerated volume – The gross refrigerated volume of the case was

changed to reflect the smaller interior volume relative to medium­temperature cases

with doors.

•	 Single door area – The area of a single cabinet door was revised slightly in order to be

consistent with the total display area of the cabinet.

•	 Case interior surface area – The interior surface area of the case was changed to reflect

the smaller interior volume relative to medium­temperature cases with doors.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for VCT.RC.L equipment.

B.3.8 SOC.RC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the service over

counter, remote condensing, medium­temperature equipment class.

•	 Non­door glass area – The area of non­door glass in the cabinet was changed slightly to

be more in line with typical dimensions of currently available equipment.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Number of evaporator fans – The number of evaporator fans was updated to be more in

line with currently available equipment.

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•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for SOC.RC.L equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

reflect temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for SOC.RC.M

equipment.

•	 Defrost – The total amount of defrost time per day and the amount of power consumed

by defrost and drain heaters was updated to be more in line with currently available

equipment.

B.3.9 VOP.SC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the vertical,

open, self­contained, medium­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was estimated using manufacturer specification sheets and data from similar

remote condensing equipment.

•	 Number of bulbs in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

four rows of lit shelves, which typical of VOP.SC.M equipment.

•	 Number of bulbs not in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

two rows of canopy lighting and one row of sill lighting, which is typical of VOP.SC.M

equipment.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to be consistent

with VOP.RC.M equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

be consistent with VOP.RC.M equipment.

•	 Compressor oversize factor – The compressor oversize factor was revised to be

consistent with changes to the rated capacity for compressors used in the model.

B.3.10 SVO.SC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the semivertical, open, self­contained, medium­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was estimated using manufacturer specification sheets and data from similar

remote condensing equipment.

•	 Number of bulbs in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

three rows of lit shelves, which typical of SVO.SC.M equipment.

•	 Number of bulbs not in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

two rows of canopy lighting, which is typical of SVO.SC.M equipment.

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•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to be consistent

with SVO.RC.M equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

be consistent with SVO.RC.M equipment.

•	 Compressor oversize factor – The compressor oversize factor was revised to be

consistent with changes to the rated capacity for compressors used in the model.

•	 Defrost mechanism type – The defrost mechanism was changed to off­cycle defrost to

be consistent with SVO.RC.M and VOP.SC.M equipment.

•	 Defrost time per day – The total amount of defrost time per day was changed to

correspond to the change in defrost mechanism.

•	 Defrost and drain heater power – The amount of power consumed by the defrost

mechanism and drain heater was changed to zero, since off­cycle defrost uses no heater

power.

B.3.11 HZO.SC.M Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the horizontal,

open, self­contained, medium­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Non­door glass area – The area of non­door glass in the cabinet was revised to include

a small amount of non­door glass, which is typical of HZO.SC.M equipment.

•	 Anti­sweat power other than doors– The anti­sweat power was revised to be more

consistent with data available for HZO.SC.M equipment and with HZO.RC.M

equipment.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was estimated using manufacturer specification sheets and data from similar

remote condensing equipment.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for HZO.SC.M equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

be consistent with HZO.RC.M equipment.

•	 Compressor oversize factor – The compressor oversize factor was revised to be

consistent with changes to the rated capacity for compressors used in the model.

•	 Defrost mechanism type – The defrost mechanism was changed to electric defrost to be

consistent with data available for HZO.SC.M equipment and with HZO.RC.M

equipment.

•	 Defrost time per day – The total amount of defrost time per day was shortened to be

consistent with electric defrost.

•	 Defrost and drain heater power – The amount of power consumed by the defrost

mechanism and drain heater was revised to be consistent with electric defrost.

B­11

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B.3.12 HZO.SC.L Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the horizontal,

open, self­contained, low­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Non­door glass area – The area of non­door glass in the cabinet was revised to include

a small amount of non­door glass, which is typical of HZO.SC.L equipment.

•	 Anti­sweat power other than doors– The anti­sweat power was revised to be more

consistent with data available for HZO.SC.L equipment and with HZO.RC.L

equipment.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was estimated using manufacturer specification sheets and data from similar

remote condensing equipment.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for HZO.SC.M equipment.

•	 Compressor oversize factor – The compressor oversize factor was revised to be

consistent with changes to the rated capacity for compressors used in the model.

B.3.13 VCT.SC.I Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the vertical,

closed, transparent door, self­contained, ice cream­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Case length – The case length was changed to reflect a case with 2 doors rather than 3.

•	 Case gross refrigerated volume – The gross refrigerated volume of the case was

changed to be consistent with a case with 2 doors.

•	 Case total display area – The total display area of the case was changed to be consistent

with a case with 2 doors.

•	 Number of doors – The number of doors was changed to 2.

•	 Single door area – The area of a single cabinet door was revised to be consistent with

the doors on VCT.RC.L and VCT.RC.M equipment, in order to match the data used for

the high­efficiency door design option.

•	 Wall area – The wall area of the case was changed to be consistent with a case with 2

doors.

•	 Case interior surface area – The interior surface area of the case was changed to be

consistent with a case with 2 doors.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

B­12

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•	 Number of bulbs in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect the

switch to 2 doors.

•	 Number of ballasts in conditioned space – The number of bulbs was revised to reflect

the switch to 2 doors.

•	 Number of evaporator fans per case – The number of evaporator fans per case was

revised to reflect the switch to 2 doors.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for VCT.SC.I equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

be consistent with the discharge air temperatures required for ice­cream temperature

equipment.

•	 Compressor oversize factor – The compressor oversize factor was revised to be

consistent with changes to the rated capacity for compressors used in the model.

B.3.14 VCS.SC.I Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the vertical,

closed, solid door, self­contained, ice cream­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Case length – The case length was changed to reflect a case with 2 doors rather than 3.

•	 Case gross refrigerated volume – The gross refrigerated volume of the case was

changed to be consistent with a case with 2 doors.

•	 Case total display area – The total display area of the case was changed to be consistent

with a case with 2 doors.

•	 Number of doors – The number of doors was changed to 2.

•	 Single door area – The area of a single cabinet door was revised to be consistent with

the doors on VCT.SC.I, VCT.RC.L and VCT.RC.M equipment.

•	 Wall area – The wall area of the case was changed to be consistent with a case with 2

doors.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Number of evaporator fans per case – The number of evaporator fans per case was

revised to reflect the switch to 2 doors.

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for VCS.SC.I equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

be consistent with the discharge air temperatures required for ice­cream temperature

equipment.

•	 Compressor oversize factor – The compressor oversize factor was revised to be

consistent with changes to the rated capacity for compressors used in the model.

B­13

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B.3.15 HZO.SC.I Equipment Class

This section details changes made to the baseline design specifications for the horizontal,

open, self­contained, ice cream­temperature equipment class.

•	 Core case cost – The core case cost was updated to reflect improvements to the

accuracy of the engineering cost model.

•	 Case total display area – The total display area of the case was revised slightly to be

consistent with the display area of the doors.

•	 Infiltrated air mass – The mass of air infiltrated into the case replaced the defrost melt

water, and was calculated using manufacturer specification sheets. Using models for

other load components, infiltration load was estimated from total refrigeration load data

and verified using empirical data from the Refrigeration and Thermal Test Center

(RTTC).

•	 Discharge air temperature – The discharge air temperature was revised to reflect

temperatures typical of manufacturer specification sheets for HZO.SC.I equipment.

•	 Baseline evaporator temperature – The baseline evaporator temperature was revised to

be consistent with the discharge air temperatures required for ice­cream temperature

equipment.

•	 Compressor oversize factor – The compressor oversize factor was revised to be

consistent with changes to the rated capacity for compressors used in the model.

B­14

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
   

                           

                         

                            

                            

                         

                           

                              

                             

B.4 COST­EFFICIENCY RESULTS

For each of the fifteen CRE equipment classes analyzed in the engineering analysis, Figure

B.4.1 through Figure B.4.15 show cost­efficiency curves and Table B.4.1 through Table B.4.15

show detailed cost­efficiency data. Included in each table are DOE analytically derived data and

technology changes that occur above the baseline level. Levels above the baseline for analytically

derived data (“design option levels”) are labeled as “AD1”, “AD2”, and so forth.

Design option changes above the baseline are shown in Table B.4.1 through Table B.4.15

as additions to the previous design option level. Design options are implemented in order of

lowest payback to highest and only one design option change is made per design option level.

B­15

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.1 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCT.RC.L Equipment Class

Table B.4.1 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCT.RC.L Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized Design Daily Energy Manufacturer Option Design Option Change Above the Baseline Consumption Selling Price Level [kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 1.07 113.17 ­

AD2 1.04 113.61 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 1.01 114.67 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 0.72 134.42 AD3 + High­Performance DoorsAD5 0.71 135.24 AD4 + Additional 1⁄2” InsulationAD6 0.65 147.83 AD5 + LED LightingAD7 0.64 149.55 AD6 + High­Performance Evaporator Coil

B­16

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.2 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VOP.RC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.2 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VOP.RC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 1.09 79.12 ­

AD2 1.04 79.76 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 0.98 81.30 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 0.95 82.90 AD3 + “Super” T8 Electronic LightingAD5 0.90 87.59 AD4 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD6 0.89 88.58 AD5 + Additional 1⁄2” InsulationAD7 0.76 129.36 AD6 + LED Lighting

B­17

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.3 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the SVO.RC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.3 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the SVO.RC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 1.09 95.10 ­

AD2 1.05 95.67 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 0.99 97.04 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 0.97 98.56 AD3 + “Super” T8 Electronic LightingAD5 0.91 102.91 AD4 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD6 0.78 141.73 AD5 + LED LightingAD7 0.77 143.06 AD6 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­18

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.4 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.RC.L Equipment Class

Table B.4.4 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.RC.L Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 0.83 93.63 ­

AD2 0.81 94.12 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 0.77 95.31 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 0.73 97.40 AD3 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD5 0.72 98.56 AD4 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­19

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.5 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.RC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.5 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.RC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 0.60 129.23 ­

AD2 0.54 129.92 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 0.48 131.58 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 0.45 133.95 AD3 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD5 0.44 135.56 AD4 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­20

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.6 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCT.RC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.6 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCT.RC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 0.51 103.23 ­

AD2 0.49 103.67 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 0.46 104.72 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 0.35 120.28 AD3 + High­Performance DoorsAD5 0.34 121.10 AD4 + Additional 1⁄2” InsulationAD6 0.29 133.69 AD5 + LED LightingAD7 0.29 134.71 AD6 + High­Performance Evaporator Coil

B­21

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.7 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VOP.RC.L Equipment Class

Table B.4.7 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VOP.RC.L Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 2.99 143.54 ­

AD2 2.84 145.32 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 2.65 149.62 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 2.54 156.20 AD3 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD5 2.52 157.02 AD4 + “Super” T8 Electronic LightingAD6 2.51 158.21 AD5 + Additional 1⁄2” InsulationAD7 2.44 179.07 AD6 + LED Lighting

B­22

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.8 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the SOC.RC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.8 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the SOC.RC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 0.62 146.36 ­

AD2 0.59 146.81 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 0.55 147.88 AD2 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 0.53 149.08 AD3 + “Super” T8 Electronic LightingAD5 0.51 150.33 AD4 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD6 0.41 180.77 AD5 + LED LightingAD7 0.41 181.81 AD6 + Additional 1⁄2” InsulationAD8 0.40 187.79 AD7 + High­Performance Doors

B­23

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.9 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VOP.SC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.9 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VOP.SC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 2.65 145.66 ­

AD2 2.54 146.49 AD1 + High­Efficiency Compressor

AD3 2.50 147.25 AD2 + PSC Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 2.46 148.39 AD3 + PSC Condenser Fan MotorsAD5 2.41 150.23 AD4 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD6 2.30 155.87 AD5 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD7 2.27 157.96 AD6 + “Super” T8 Electronic LightingAD8 2.24 160.71 AD7 + ECM Condenser Fan MotorsAD9 2.06 179.11 AD8 + High­Performance Condenser Coil

AD10 1.89 226.80 AD9 + LED LightingAD11 1.89 230.37 AD10 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­24

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.10 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the SVO.SC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.10 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the SVO.SC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 2.59 138.92 ­

AD2 2.47 139.82 AD1 + High­Efficiency Compressor

AD3 2.44 140.27 AD2 + PSC Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 2.43 140.71 AD3 + PSC Condenser Fan MotorsAD5 2.40 141.78 AD4 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD6 2.30 146.81 AD5 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD7 2.28 147.88 AD6 + ECM Condenser Fan MotorsAD8 2.26 149.57 AD7 + “Super” T8 Electronic LightingAD9 2.09 165.98 AD8 + High­Performance Condenser Coil

AD10 1.95 205.92 AD9 + LED LightingAD11 1.94 210.08 AD10 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­25

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.11 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.SC.L Equipment Class

Table B.4.11 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.SC.L Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 3.22 154.04 ­

AD2 3.03 155.38 AD1 + High­Efficiency Compressor

AD3 3.00 155.85 AD2 + PSC Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 2.96 156.99 AD3 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD5 2.80 161.97 AD4 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD6 2.79 162.44 AD5 + PSC Condenser Fan MotorsAD7 2.54 178.69 AD6 + High­Performance Condenser CoilAD8 2.53 179.83 AD7 + ECM Condenser Fan MotorsAD9 2.51 184.26 AD8 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­26

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.12 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HZO.SC.M Equipment Class

Table B.4.12 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HZO.SC.M Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 1.60 132.19 ­

AD2 1.52 132.87 AD1 + High­Efficiency Compressor

AD3 1.49 133.34 AD2 + PSC Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 1.45 134.48 AD3 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD5 1.44 134.96 AD4 + PSC Condenser Fan MotorsAD6 1.38 137.83 AD5 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD7 1.26 147.19 AD6 + High­Performance Condenser CoilAD8 1.24 148.33 AD7 + ECM Condenser Fan MotorsAD9 1.23 152.76 AD8 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­27

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.13 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the HCT.SC.I Equipment Class

Table B.4.13 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the HCT.SC.I Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 1.42 202.29 ­

AD2 1.29 203.93 AD1 + High­Efficiency Compressor

AD3 1.24 205.04 AD2 + PSC Condenser Fan MotorsAD4 0.72 225.93 AD3 + High­Performance DoorsAD5 0.69 228.61 AD4 + ECM Condenser Fan MotorsAD6 0.65 239.00 AD5 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­28

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Figure B.4.14 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCT.SC.I Equipment Class

Table B.4.14 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCT.SC.I Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

TDA­Normalized TDA­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft2] [$/ft2]

AD1 1.755 134.76 ­

AD2 1.657 135.45 AD1 + High­Efficiency Compressor

AD3 1.607 135.88 AD2 + PSC Evaporator Fan MotorsAD4 1.545 136.94 AD3 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD5 1.452 138.95 AD4 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD6 1.323 145.51 AD5 + High­Performance Condenser CoilAD7 0.973 165.26 AD6 + High­Performance DoorsAD8 0.969 165.70 AD7 + PSC Condenser Fan MotorsAD9 0.875 181.45 AD8 + LED Lighting

AD10 0.869 182.50 AD9 + ECM Condenser Fan MotorsAD11 0.861 184.55 AD10 + Additional 1⁄2” Insulation

B­29

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
Note: The VCS equipment family is

normalized by volume.

Figure B.4.15 Cost­Efficiency Curve for the VCS.SC.I Equipment ClassTable B.4.15 Cost­Efficiency Data and Design Options for the VCS.SC.I Equipment Class

DOE Analytically­Derived Data

V­Normalized V­Normalized

Design

Option Level

Daily Energy

Consumption

Manufacturer

Selling Price Design Option Change Above the Baseline

[kWh/day/ft3] [$/ft3]

AD1 0.565 43.38 ­

AD2 0.535 43.61 AD1 + PSC Evaporator Fan Motors

AD3 0.506 43.91 AD2 + High­Efficiency CompressorAD4 0.471 44.48 AD3 + ECM Evaporator Fan MotorsAD5 0.451 45.03 AD4 + High­Performance Evaporator CoilAD6 0.414 46.82 AD5 + High­Performance Condenser CoilAD7 0.410 47.06 AD6 + PSC Condenser Fan MotorsAD8 0.402 48.17 AD7 + Additional 1⁄2” InsulationAD9 0.397 48.74 AD8 + ECM Condenser Fan Motors

B­30

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B.5 HISTORICAL LED COST DATA

DOE researched historical LED costs to verify that they are consistent with the cost

projections in DOE’s Multi­Year Program Plan.1 DOE reviewed available price data for the

LED market and found that between 2000 and 2007, white­light LEDs had a compound annual

growth rate (CAGR) ranging from approximately ­18 to ­31 percent. The ­18 CAGR was an

estimate based on Annual Reports from Cree, Inc. over the years of 2001­2007

(http://www.cree.com/investor/annual.htm). Table B.5.1 shows a summary of the data collected

from these reports that was used to estimate the CAGR of white­light LEDs.

Table B.5.1 Summary of LED Price Reductions from Cree Annual Reports

Year

% Change in Average

Sales Price

2001 ­18%

2002 ­24%

2003 ­9%

2004 ­16%

2005 ­13%

2006 ­21%

2007 ­26%

Historical LED prices provided by Roland Haitz of Phillips Lumileds Lighting Company

were also used to estimate the CAGR of both white­light LEDs and red­light LEDs. Based on

the data from Figure B.5.1, DOE estimated that white­light LEDs had a ­31 percent CAGR from

2000­2007 and that red­light LEDs had a ­22 percent CAGR from 1973­2005. The trend in redlight LED costs derived from empirical data over this longer time period is of a similar

magnitude to DOE’s projected costs for white­light LEDs. Due to the technological similarities

between red­light LEDs and white­light LEDs, DOE believes that the historical cost reductions

for red­light LEDs are indicative of future cost reductions for white­light LEDs. Furthermore,

the white­light LED market is undergoing a massive expansion and growth phase, with

significant investment, new products and innovative applications for LED technology, including

illumination of commercial refrigeration equipment.

1 U.S. Department of Energy, Solid­State Lighting Research and Development, Multi­Year Program Plan FY’09­

FY’14. This document was prepared under the direction of a Technical Committee from the Next Generation

Lighting Initiative Alliance (NGLIA). Information about the NGLIA and its members is available at

www.nglia.org.

B­31

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2
                    

       

                       

                            

                           

                           

                          

                             

                                                

                                

Figure B.5.1 Cost­Efficiency Trends for Red­Light LEDs and White­Light LEDs

B.6 LED COST PROJECTION DATA

DOE contacted several manufacturers of LEDs and integrated circuits and developed the

following estimate of future LED cost reductions. Table B.6.1 and Table B.6.2 show a

breakdown of the cost components in the LED system and estimated cost component reductions

based on conversations with two LED manufacturers who are members of the Next Generation

Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA) and a manufacturer of integrated circuits. The results show

a reduction in total LED system cost2 between 2007 and 2012 of approximately 50 percent.

2 The total LED system consists of LED chips, a power supply, and the LED fixture.

B­32

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Table B.6.1 Low Temperature LED System Cost Components* and Cost Reduction

Estimate

LED System Cost

Component

Cost Estimate

(2007)

Cost Estimate

(2012)

Source of Cost Reduction Estimate

between 2007 and 2012

LED Chips (1 Watt

each)

$83 65% $21 35% Interviews with NGLIA manufacturers.

Power Supply $13 10% $8 13% Interview with an integrated circuit

manufacturer.

Balance of Fixture $31 25% $31 52% Dollar amount assumed to remain the same.

TOTAL $127 100% $60 100% 53% Total LED System Cost Reduction * Accounts for mass­production volumes.

Table B.6.2 Medium Temperature LED System Cost Components* and Cost Reduction

Estimate

LED System Cost

Component

Cost Estimate

(2007)

Cost Estimate

(2012)

Source of Cost Reduction Estimate

between 2007 and 2012

LED Chips (1 Watt

each)

$52 61% $13 30% Interviews with NGLIA manufacturers.

Power Supply $8 9% $5 11% Interview with an integrated circuit

manufacturer.

Balance of Fixture $26 30% $26 59% Dollar amount assumed to remain the same.

TOTAL $86 100% $44 100% 51% Total LED System Cost Reduction * Accounts for mass­production volumes.

B­33

 EE-2006-STD-0126 COMMENT 23.2