# 2010 Annual Monitoring Network Plan

Prepared by the Air Monitoring Section of Mojave De sert Air Quality Management District to meet the requirements of 40 CFR PART 58 , SUBPART B.

Eldon Heaston, Executive Officer Christopher A. Collins, Supervisor Aleksey Astakhov, Air Quality Instrument Technician Fred Wohosky, Air Quality Instrument Technician Orlando Salinas, Associated Air Quality Specialist

Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District, 1430 6 Park Ave., Victorville, CA. 92392

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## Table of Contents

40 CFR PART 58, SUBPART B

REQUIREMENTS.................................................

................................................... .......................3

ABOUT THE MOJAVE DESERT AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT DIST RICT ....................4

NETWORK DESIGN ....................................

................................................... .......................................5

OVERVIEW OF MDAQMD MONITORING STATIONS ............ ................................................6

CRITERIA POLLUTANT STANDARDS ...................... ...........................................................8

INDIVIDUAL SITE DATA:

BARSTOW ...........................................

................................................... ...........................................9

VICTORVILLE .......................................

................................................... .........................................10

HESPERIA ..........................................

................................................... ............................................12

PHELAN ............................................

................................................... ..............................................13

TRONA .............................................

................................................... ..............................................14

LUCERNE VALLEY.........................................

................................................... ...........................16

EPA OZONE MAPPING

.................................................. ................................................... ............................................ 17

APPENDIX:

DEFINITION OF TERMS

................................................... ................................................... .......................................18

CRITERIA POLLUTANT INFORMATION.....................

................................................... ..........20

NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD.............. ...................................................22

MDAQMD TOPOLOGY

................................................... ................................................... ............................................ 24

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## 40 CFR Part 58, Subpart B Requirement

This 2010 Annual Air Monitoring Network Review is b eing submitted by the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District’s Air Monitoring Section to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Region 9. The network review evaluates the adequacy of the ambient air monitoring network with respect to the monitoring objectives and spatial scales. This annu al assessment is required by 40 CFR Part 58, Subpar t B. This Network Review is also preliminary to the annual data certification with t he US EPA and helps Air Districts assess the qualit y of their data before submitting for data certification. This netw ork review has the secondary purpose of informing t he public of the criteria air pollutants that can affect their h ealth, how the Mojave Desert AQMD monitors these cr iteria pollutants, and what the actual readings are so tha t our citizens can make informed decisions regardin g their lifestyles.

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## About the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management Dist rict

From the pinnacles of Trona to the banks of Hesperi a Lakes, the MDAQMD’s boundaries envelop some of the most rugged yet uniquely beautiful terrain f ound anywhere in the world. As the regulatory air agency for the San Bernardino County’s vast High De sert Region and the Palo Verde Valley of Riverside County, the MDAQMD is charged by state and federal mandates with regulating stationary sources of air pollution located within its 20,000 square mile jur isdiction.

As the regulatory air quality agency for San Bernar dino County’s High Desert and the Blythe portion of Riverside County, it is the District’s role to prot ect human health and property from the potentially harmful effects of air pollution. From the District ’s beginnings in the early 1980’s – back when it wa s known as the San Bernardino County Air Pollution Co ntrol District – until present, our vision of the District as a locally governed, responsive air agen cy committed to serving the citizens and businesses of the Mojave Desert has remained unchanged. Moreover, as a result of the successful partnerships for cle an air that we have forged with our regulated industry and the community, residents of the Mojave Desert have entered the 21 st 

### century with a healthier environment and with a br ight prognosis for future air quality.

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## NETWORK DESIGN

Purpose and Objective of the Network The purpose of the ambient air monitoring network i s to assess the extent of air pollution, ensure com pliance with national legislation, evaluate control options, and provide data for air quality modeling. In general, six basic monitoring objectives and five measuring scales are used to determine the network design (see Table 2 and Table 3). Additional considerations such as availability of power, accessibility to site, security, geograph ic location, and fiscal and personnel resources are also addressed i n determining the feasibility of the network design

.
Table 2 Site Monitoring Objectives 1. Determine highest concentrations expected to occ ur in the area covered by the network. 2. Determine representative concentrations in areas of high population density. 3. Determine the impact on ambient pollution levels of significant sources or source categories. 4. Determine general background concentration level s. 5. Determine the extent of regional pollutant trans port from populated areas, with regards to the secondary standards (such as visibility impairment and effects on vegetation). 6. Determine the welfare-related impacts in more ru ral and remote areas.

To establish or evaluate a site, one must link its monitoring objectives to the physical location of t he site. This can be done by matching the spatial scale, which repres ents the sample of air around the monitor where pol lutant concentrations are reasonably uniform, with the mos t appropriate monitoring objective. Thus, spatial s cale represents the physical dimensions of the air parce l around the monitor, and monitoring objective repr esents the overall purpose of the monitor. Combining the prope r spatial scale with the monitoring objective expla ins why air monitoring sites are located in particular areas.

Table 3 Spatial Measurement Scales Scale Defined parameter (radius) Micro Scale 0 to 100 meters Middle Scale 100 to 500 meters Neighborhood Scale 0.5 to 4 kilometers Urban Scale 4 to 50 kilometers Regional Scale 10 to 100s of kilometers

Since it is physically and fiscally impossible to m onitor air quality in every location, representativ e samples must be obtained. The optimal locations for obtaining th ese samples are determined by using the monitoring objectives and the spatial measurement scales described above. For example, there might be numerous locations whe re the highest concentration of particulate matter may occ ur. Using these principles, only one or two sites w ill be established to represent all of the high-concentrat ion areas. The same reasoning can be used for diffe rent types of pollutants. This does not mean that the nu mber of monitoring sites is fixed. To the contrary, the network must be dynamic enough to maintain a current repres entative sample of the air quality.

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## Overview of the MDAQMD Monitoring Stations

### 7

MDAQMD currently operates a network of 6 monitoring sites. The following is a brief description of each site:

Barstow , this site is located at 1301 W Mountain View St., Barstow, CA. This site is used extensively for modeling purposes . In addition, it is a State demonstration site fo r the Mojave Desert Air Basin. It also is a significant indicat or for transport from the San Joaquin Air Basin. R ecommended changes: None

Hesperia : this site is located at 17288 Olive St. Hesperia, CA. This is a boundary site and primarily measuring tra nsport from Cajon Pass and Lake Gregory.

Phelan: this site is located at Beekly and Phelan Rd., Phe lan, CA. Like the Hesperia site, Phelan is also a boundary s ite and primarily measuring transport from Cajon Pa ss and Lake Gregory

Lucerne Valley : this site is located at 8532 Aliento Rd., Lucerne , CA. This is a demonstration site for the PM attainment plan

Trona: this site is located at Corner of Telescope and At hol St., Trona, CA. This site represents boundary conditions between Ke rn and Great Basin Districts. It is also an attain ment demonstration site for the Searles Valley PM plan.

Victorville this site is located at 14306 Park Ave., Victorvil le, CA. This represents the most densely populated area in the Mojave Desert Air Basin

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## Criteria Pollutant Standards

Carbon Monoxide (CO) There are two primary standards for CO, the 8-hour average and the 1-hour average. The 8-hour primary standard is 9 ppm and the 1-hour primary standard is 35 ppm. A violation of the standard is any two exceedances in a calendar
year.

Ozone (O 3 ) The 1-hour average ozone standard was revoked by th e EPA on June 15, 2005, and has been replaced by th e 8-hour average standard for compliance purposes. The eight-hour primary standard for ozone is 0.075 ppm. Compliance with the standard is determined by averaging the 4 th highest eight-hour average over a three-year period . This three-year average must be less than or equa l to 0.075 ppm

Particulate Matter <=10 Microns (PM 10 ) The 24-hour Primary standard for PM 10 is 150 μg/m 3 (155 μg/m 3 with mathematical rounding). This standard is violated when the expected number of exceedance for the calendar year is more than one. A formula, as detailed in 40 CFR 50, is used to determine the expected number of exceedances. The formula takes into account the number of days sampling occurred and the number of valid s amples collected. A 3-year average of these estimat ed days is then used to determine compliance. On December 18, 2006 new monitoring rules from the EPA revoked the PM 10 annual primary standard

Particulate Matter <=2.5 Microns (PM 2.5 ) On December 18, 2006, the EPA implemented new prima ry standards for PM 2.5 . These new rules changed the 24- hour average standard from 65 μ g/m3 to 35 μ g/m3. The annual average standard of 15 μ g/m3 remains unchanged. Compliance with the 24-hour standard is determined by taking the 3-year average of the 98th percentile at each monitoring site. Compliance with the Annual standar d is determined by taking the 3-year average of the spatially averaged annual means.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Compliance with the NO 2 standard is achieved when the annual arithmetic mea n concentration in a calendar year is less than or equal to 0.053 ppm, rounded to three d ecimal places.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) A violation of the primary standard occurs when the annual mean exceeds 0.030 ppm or when a 24-hour av erage of 0.14 ppm is exceeded more than once per calendar ye ar. A violation of the 3-hour average secondary sta ndard occurs when a 3-hour average of 0.5 ppm is exceeded more than once per year

### 9

AQS ID 06070001 GIS COORDINATES N34deg. 53’38”,W117deg., 1’ 28” LOCATION County Building ADDRESS 1302 W Mountain View St. COUNTY San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 70 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 2000 GROUND COVER Roof FLOW AUDIT 1/28/2009 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant 03 N02 C0 PM10 WDR WSP TMP PRESS Monitor Objective Transport Population Population Population N/A N/A N/A N/A Monitor Purpose SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Spatial Scale NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD N/A N/A N/A N/A Sampling Method API 400 API 200A API 300 ANDR CLIMA CLIMA CLIMA CLI MA Analysis Method UV ABS CHEM GFC LAB AERO ANEMO THERM PIEZO Start Date AUG-80 AUG 80 AUG 80 AUG 80 JUN-01 Operation Schedule CONT. CONT. CONT. 1 : 6 CONT. CONT. CONT. CONT. Sampling Season ALL YR. ALL YR. ALL YR. ALL YR. ALL YR. ALL YR. ALL YR. ALL YR. Probe Height (meters) 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 10.0 10.0 9.0 2.0 Distance from supporting structure N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from trees N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Distance between collocated monitors N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 N/A

Probe Material TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Residence Time (sec) 11.7 12.9 11.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION
*ANEMO Anemometer 5 YEAR TREND O Z ONE EXCEEDANCES

STATE

1HR. STATE

8HR. FED

1HR FED 8HR. 2006 4 0 0 0 2007 2 0 0 3 2008 5 0 0 7 2009 1 18 0 7 2010 NUMBER OF OCCURANCES

### 10 Figure 1: Looking at the station's Meteorological tower from the south

Figure 2: Looking at the station's Meteorological t ower from the east

Figure 3: Looking at the station's tower from the w est

### 2

AQS ID 060710306 GIS COORDINATES N34deg. 30’39”,W117deg 19’32” LOCATION 

### MDAQMD Building ADDRESS 

### 14306 Park Ave. COUNTY 

### San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 

### 100 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 

### 1000 GROUND COVER 

### Roof FLOW AUDIT 

### 01/29/2009 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant 03 N02 S02 C0 PM10 PM2.5 TEOM WDR Monitor Objective Transport Population Population Population N/A N/A N/A N/A Monitor Purpose SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Spatial Scale NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD Sampling Method API 400 API 200A API 100A API 300A ANDR R&P 2000 R& P 1400A CLIMA

Analysis Method UV ABS CHEM FLUOR GFC MDLAB MDLAB MICRO AERO Start Date JAN-00 JAN-00 JAN-00 JAN-00 JAN-00 JAN-00 JAN-00 JA N-00 Operation Schedule CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN 1:6 1:6 CONTIN CONTIN Sampling Season All Year All Year All Year All Year All Year All Ye ar All Year All Year Probe Height (meters) 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 6.9 7.3 6.8 16.9 Distance from supporting structure N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from trees N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Distance between collocated monitors N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 meters N/A N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg

Probe Material TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TE FLON Residence Time (sec) 15.3 17.4 16.3 16 N/A N/A N/A N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A YES N/A N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION
*ANEMO Anemometer 5 YEAR TREND O Z ONE EXCEEDANCES

STATE

1HR. STATE

8HR. FED

1HR FED 8HR. 2006 4 0 2007 7 0 6 2008 16 0 32 2009 8 53 0 25 2010 NUMBER OF OCCURANCES

### 3

AQS ID 060710306 GIS COORDINATES N34deg. 30’39”,W117deg 19’32” LOCATION 

### MDAQMD Building ADDRESS 

### 14306 Park Ave. COUNTY 

### San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 

### 100 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 

### 1000 GROUND COVER 

### Roof FLOW AUDIT 

### 01/29/2009 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant WSP TMP PRESS SOL RAD Monitor Objective N/A N/A N/A N/A Monitor Purpose SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Spatial Scale N/A N/A N/A N/A Sampling Method CLIMA CLIMA CLIMA CLIMA Analysis Method ANEMO THERM PIEZO PYRAN Start Date JAN-00 JAN-00 JAN-00 JAN-00 Operation Schedule CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN Sampling Season All Year All Year All Year All Year Probe Height (meters) 16.9 15.9 1.5 6.9 Distance from supporting structure N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from trees N/A N/A N/A N/A Distance between collocated monitors N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg

Probe Material TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON Residence Time (sec) N/A N/A N/A N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO NO NO NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A N/A N/A N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION
*ANEMO Anemometer

### 4 Figure 4: Looking at the station’s tower from the s outh

Figure 5: Looking at the station's tower from the w est

Figure 6: Looking at the station's tower from the e ast



### PM 10 

### Sampler PM 2.5 

### Samplers (2)

Meteorological tower

Gases’ sample probe

TEOM sample probe.

### 5

AQS ID 060714001 GIS COORDINATES N34 deg, 24’59”, W117 deg, 17’ 8” LOCATION Adjacent to Fire Station ADDRESS 17288 Olive Street COUNTY San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 100 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 250 GROUND COVER Dirt FLOW AUDIT 3/21/2007 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant 03 PM10 WDR WSP TMP PRESS Monitor Objective Transport Population N/A N/A N/A N/A Monitor Purpose SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Spatial Scale NBHD NBHD N/A N/A N/A N/A Sampling Method API 400 ANDR CLIMA CLIMA CLIMA CLIMA Analysis Method UV ABS MDLAB AERO ANEMO THERM PIEZO Start Date JAN-80 JAN-89 JAN-88 JAN-88 JAN-88 JUL-01 Operation Schedule CONTIN 1:6 CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN Sampling Season All Year All Year All Year All Year All Year All Ye ar Probe Height (meters) 4.8 4.8 10.0 10.0 9.0 2.0 Distance from supporting structure N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from trees N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Distance between collocated monitors N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg

Probe Material TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON Residence Time (sec) 5.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO NO NO NO NO NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION
*ANEMO Anemometer 5 YEAR TREND O Z ONE EXCEEDANCES

STATE

1HR. STATE

8HR. FED

1HR FED 8HR. 2006 4 0 2007 24 2 21 2008 29 80 2 58 2009 18 64 0 43 2010 NUMBER OF OCCURANCES

### 6 Figure 7: Looking at station's tower from the west

Figure 8: Looking at station's tower from the south

Figure 9: Looking station's tower from the north

### 7

AQS ID 06070012 GIS COORDINATES N34deg, 35’30”, W117deg, 35’ 23” LOCATION Adjacent to Fire Station ADDRESS Beekley and Phelan Road COUNTY San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 10 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 2000 GROUND COVER Dirt FLOW AUDIT 3/19/2007 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant 03 WDR WSP TMP Monitor Objective Transport Population Population Population Monitor Purpose SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Spatial Scale NBHD N/A N/A N/A Sampling Method API 400 CLIMA CLIMA CLIMA Analysis Method UV ABS AERO ANEMO THERM Start Date JUL-87 JAN-88 JAN-88 APR-96 Operation Schedule CONTIN Sampling Season All Year All Year All Year All Year Probe Height (meters) 4.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 Distance from supporting structure N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from trees N/A N/A N/A N/A Distance between collocated monitors N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg

Probe Material TEFLON N/A N/A N/A Residence Time (sec) 6.4 N/A N/A N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO NO NO NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A N/A N/A N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION
*ANEMO Anemometer 5 YEAR TREND O Z ONE EXCEEDANCES

STATE

1HR. STATE

8HR. FED

1HR FED 8HR. 2006 4 0 2007 18 0 8 2008 32 73 0 50 2009 19 55 0 36 2010 NUMBER OF OCCURANCES

### 8 Figure 10: Looking at station's tower from the east

Figure 11: Looking at the station from the south

Figure 12: Looking at station's tower from the west

### 9

AQS ID 060711234 GIS COORDINATES N35deg, 46’28”, W117deg, 2’ 20” LOCATION Athol Street, North of Elem. Sch. ADDRESS Corner of Telescope and Athol St. COUNTY San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 150 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 1500 GROUND COVER Gravel FLOW AUDIT 6/1/2006 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant 03 N02 S02 H2S PM10 TEOM WDR TMP Monitor Objective Population Population Population Population Populat ion Population Population N/A Monitor Purpose SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS SLAMS Spatial Scale NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD NBHD N/A N/A Sampling Method AP1 400 API200A API100A TECO45A ANDR R&P1400 CLIMA CLIMA Analysis Method UV ABS CHEM FLUOR FLUOR MDLAB MICRO AERO ANEMO Start Date APR-97 APR-97 APR-97 APR-97 APR-97 APR-97 APR-97 APR-97 Operation Schedule CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN CONTIN Sampling Season All Year All Year All Year All Year All Year All Year All Year All Year Probe Height (meters) 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 5.0 5.0 10 9.0 Distance from supporting structure N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Distance from trees N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Distance between collocated monitors N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg 360 deg

Probe Material TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON TEFLON N/A N/A N/A N/A Residence Time (sec) 8.4 9.0 8.5 9.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION
*ANEMO Anemometer 5 YEAR TREND O Z ONE EXCEEDANCES

STATE

1HR. STATE

8HR. FED

1HR FED 8HR. 2006 4 0 2007 0 0 2008 3 23 0 7 2009 0 5 0 2 2010 NUMBER OF OCCURANCES

### 10

AQS ID 060711234 GIS COORDINATES N35deg, 46’28”, W117deg, 2’ 20” LOCATION Athol Street, North of Elem. Sch. ADDRESS Corner of Telescope and Athol St. COUNTY San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 150 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 1500 GROUND COVER Gravel FLOW AUDIT 6/1/2006 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant PRESS Monitor Objective N/A Monitor Purpose SLAMS Spatial Scale N/A Sampling Method PYRAN Analysis Method ANEMO Start Date APR-97 Operation Schedule CONTIN Sampling Season All Year Probe Height (meters) 9.0 Distance from supporting structure N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A

Distance from trees N/A
Distance between collocated monitors N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 deg

Probe Material N/A Residence Time (sec) N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION
*ANEMO Anemometer

### 11 Figure 13: Looking at station's tower from the west

Figure 14: Looking at station's tower from the east

Figure 15: Looking at station's tower from the sout h

### 12

AQS ID 060710013 GIS COORDINATES N34deg, 24’37”, W116deg, 54’ 24” LOCATION School Equipment Shed ADDRESS 8532 Aliento Road COUNTY San Bernardino County DISTANCE TO ROAD 100 meters TRAFFIC COUNT 3600 GROUND COVER Dirt FLOW AUDIT 3/14/2007 REPRESENTATIVE AREA Riverside, San Bernardino, Ontario Metropolitan Sta tistical Area (MSA)

Pollutant PM10 Monitor Objective Population Monitor Purpose SLAMS Spatial Scale NBHD Sampling Method ANDR Analysis Method MDLAB Start Date JAN-89 Operation Schedule 1:6 Sampling Season All Year Probe Height (meters) 4.0 Distance from supporting structure N/A

Distance from obstruction on roof N/A

Distance from structures not on roof N/A

Distance from trees N/A Distance between collocated monitors N/A

Unrestricted airflow (deg) 360 deg

Probe Material N/A Residence Time (sec) N/A Changes within the next 18 months NO

Suitable for comparison to the annual PM2.5? N/A

*CHEM Chemluminescence *FLUOR Fluorescence
*GFC Gas filter Correlation *MDLAB MDAQMD LAB *NBHD Neighborhood *MICRO Microbalance

*ANDR Andersen *CLIMA Climatronics

*AERO Aerovane *PYRAN Pyranometer
*THERM Thermistor *CONTIN Continuous
*PIEZO Piezoresistive

*UV ABS UV ABSORPTION

*ANEMO Anemometer 5 YEAR TREND O Z ONE EXCEEDANCES

STATE

1HR. STATE

8HR. FED

1HR FED 8HR. 2004 2 0 2005 3 0 2006 4 0 2007 0 2008 0 NUMBER OF OCCURANCES

### 13 Figure 16: Looking at station's PM10 sampler from t he north

Figure 17: Looking at station's PM10 sampler from t he west

Figure 18: Looking at station's PM10 sampler from t he south

### 14 

## EPA Ozone Mapping The AIRNOW website ( http://www.epa.gov/airnow ) provides real-time air pollution (ozone and PM 2.5 ) maps for major metropolitan areas around the United States, including the Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District. The MDAQMD has participated in the program since 20 01.

This website can be used as a tool for which the pu blic can plan their daily activities and limit thei r exposure to air pollution. Eight-hour average peak ozone concentrat ion maps and real-time eight-hour ozone animation m aps are provided. Colors on the map indicate different conc entrations of ozone pollution. The one-hour average values are given in parts per billion. The eight-hour averages are converted into Air Quality Index (AQI) numbers . The AQI is based on the NAAQS. The index was developed to conv ert pollution measurements into a common index that the general public can more easily understand.

Air Quality Index Levels of Health Concern Numerical Value Meaning

Good (GREEN) 0-50 Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pol lution poses little or no risk.

Moderate (YELLOW) 51-100 Air quality is acceptable; however, for some pollut ants there may be a moderate health concern for a very small numbe r of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution.

Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (ORANGE) 101-150 Members of sensitive groups may experience health e ffects. The general public is not likely to be affected.

Unhealthy (RED) 151-200 Everyone may begin to experience health effects; me mbers of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects.

Very Unhealthy (PURPLE) 201-300 Health alert: everyone may experience more serious health effects.

Hazardous (MAROON) > 300 Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected.

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## DEFINITION OF TERMS

AQS: Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality Syste m

Attainment: This refers to the NAAQS used to comply with the fe deral Clean Air Act. After several years of no violations of the NAAQS, the EPA can classify the a rea as in attainment for that pollutant.

CFR: Code of Federal Regulations.

Class I: Federally designated park or wilderness area with m andated visibility protection.

CO: Carbon monoxide.

Criteria Pollutants: Six pollutants (CO, Lead, NO 2 , O 3 , Particulates, and SO 2 ) that have NAAQS established by the US EPA.

Delta T: Difference between two levels of temperature measur ements.

Design Value: A design value is a statistic that describes the ai r quality status of a given area relative to the le vel of the NAAQS. For a concentration-based standard, the air quality design value is simply the standard-rel ated test statistic. The design value of a pollutant monitori ng network is the highest sample value in the netwo rk used to compare to the NAAQS; e.g. the 24-hour PM 2.5 design value for the network is the monitor with th e highest 3-year average of the 98 th percentile.

EPA: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Exceptional Events: An uncontrollable event caused by natural sources o f pollution or an event that is not expected to recur at a given location.

HAPs: Hazardous air pollutants. An air-born chemical that has been listed in the federal Clean Air Act and h as an associated standard or process requirement determin ed for it.

MDAQMD: Mojave Desert Air Quality Management District

μg/m 3 : Microgram per cubic meter.

MSA: Metropolitan Statistical Area. A geographical area designated by the federal government based on the concept of a core area with a large population nucl eus, plus adjacent communities having a high degree of economic and social integration with that core.

NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standards. A health an d welfare-based standard that is set by the US EPA to qualify allowable levels of criteria pollutants.

NO 2 : Nitrogen dioxide.

NO X : Sum of nitrogen oxide and NO 2

. O 3 : Ozone.

Pb: Lead.

PM: Particulate matter. Material suspended in the air i n the form of minute solid particles or liquid drop lets.

PM 2.5 : Particulate matter of 2.5 Microns in diameter or sm aller

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PM 10 : Particulate matter of 10 Microns in diameter or sma ller.

PPM: Parts per million.

Primary Standard: One portion of the NAAQS. These standards are desig ned to protect the public health.

Secondary Standard: The less stringent portion of the NAAQS designed to protect property and the environment.

SIP: State Implementation Plan. SIPs are a collection of state and local regulations and plans to achieve h ealthy air quality under the Clean Air Act.

SLAMS: State and Local Air Monitoring Station. The SLAMS c onsist of a network of approximately 5,000 monitoring stations nationwide whose size and distr ibution is largely determined by the needs of State and local air pollution control agencies to meet their respective State implementation plan (SIP) requirements. Othe r types of monitoring stations include NCORE (national core) a nd SPM (special purpose) monitors

SO 2 : Sulfur dioxide.

SPM: Special purpose monitor. Special Purpose Monitoring Stations provide for special studies needed by the State and local agencies to support S tate implementation plans and other air program activities. The SPMs are not permanently es tablished and can be adjusted easily to accommodate changing needs and priorities.

SSI: Size Selective Inlet. SSI High Volume Samplers are filter-based instruments to measure PM 10

.

TEOM: Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance. A continu ous particulate measuring instrument used to measure PM 10

.

VOC: Volatile organic compounds. VOCs are chemical compo unds that can easily vaporize and enter the atmosphere. There are many natural and artificial s ources of VOCs; solvents and gasoline make up some of the largest artificial sources. VOCs will react with NO x in the presence of sunlight to create ground-level ozone pollution.

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## CRITERIA POLLUTANT INFORMATION

Abstract of Pollutants: Certain air pollutants, called “criteria air pollut ants,” are common throughout the United States. These pollutants can cause health problems, pollute the environment, and cause property damage . These criteria pollutants are so named since the US EPA h as regulations, called the National Ambient Air Qua lity Standards (NAAQS), on allowable levels of these substances using health-b ased criteria. One set of limits, called “primary s tandards”, protect health, while another set of “secondary” st andards, is designed to protect property and the en vironment. The US EPA names the following pollutants as criter ia pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), nit rogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), particulates (PM 10 & PM 2.5 ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ). MDAQMD operates monitors for the following criteria pollutants: carbon monoxide, ozone, particulates, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. MDAQMD does not monitor for lead (Pb)



### Causes and Characteristics of Pollutants Carbon Monoxide: CO is the most widely distributed and most commonly occurring air pollutant. Total emissions of CO to the atmosphere exceed all other pollutants combined, on a weight basis. Fortunately, CO does not persist i n the atmosphere, but is quickly converted to carbon diox ide (CO 2 ). CO can reach dangerous levels in localized areas or hotspots such as heavily traveled intersections or city streets. In addition, CO has been implicated i n ozone formation. Most people are familiar with CO and are aware that automobiles produce this deadly odorles s and colorless gas. In fact, this gas is produced almos t anytime something is burned. All substances that are living (plants, animals) or that were once living (wood, c oal, oil, gasoline) are composed of carbon compound s. If these substances are burned in the presence of sufficient oxygen, the carbon is converted to CO 2 gas. If, as is often the case, not enough oxygen is present, carbon monoxide gas is produced. Carbon monoxide’s danger lies in the extremely strong affinity that hemoglobin has for i t. Hemoglobin, the special oxygen-transporting mate rial in the red blood cell, has approximately 200 times stronge r affinity for CO than for oxygen. Therefore, if bo th CO and O 2 are present the bonding between the CO and hemoglob in will prevent the O 2 from exchanging within a person’s body. This puts a heavy burden on people with heart disease and can aggravate angina, but even healthy people can suffer from harmful side effects from CO.

Nitrogen Dioxide: NO 2 belongs to a family of highly reactive gases called nitrogen oxides. These gases are formed when fuel is burned at high temperatures, and are emitted primar ily from automobile exhaust and power plants. Expos ure to nitrogen dioxide can irritate the lungs and lower r esistance to respiratory infections, particularly i n people with existing respiratory illness such as asthma.

Ozone: O 3 is a naturally occurring compound in which three ox ygen atoms combine together. This is an unstable combination, and ozone is continually going through a natural cycle of being formed and then convertin g back to the more stable “normal” double oxygen compound (O 2 ). The cycle occurs fairly rapidly. In the stratosp here (6 miles and more above the earth), naturally occurrin g ozone has a beneficial effect of screening out ha rmful ultraviolet light from the sun. However, ground-lev el ozone is a pollutant and is a component of the r egional smog that affects the basin. Ozone is not directly emitt ed into the air, but rather forms in a complex reac tion that involves heat, sunlight, and a “soup” of toxic pollutants, e specially volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some of the most common sources of VOCs are gasolin e vapors, chemical solvents, and combustion product s of fuels and consumer products. Ozone is created by su nlight acting on nitrates (NO X ) and VOCs from motor vehicles and stationary sources, and can be carried hundreds of miles from their origins. Ozone affects the res piratory system in people and animals, and also affects the growth of plants.

Particulate Matter: Particulate matter is the term for solid or liquid particles found in the air. Particle pollution is m ade up of a number of components, including acids (such as nitrates an d sulfates), organic chemicals, metals, and soil or dust particles. While some particles are large or dark enough to be seen as soot or smoke, others can only be seen thr ough an electron microscope. In 1987 the EPA replaced the T otal Suspended Particulates (TSP) air quality stand ard with a

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standard for PM 10 (particles measuring ten microns or less). Health r esearch studies have found that PM 10 has the ability to reach the lower regions of the respirato ry tract, and thus can affect the respiratory syste m in both humans and animals. Particulates that have high acid level s can cause damage to man-made materials and reduce visibility. The size of particles is directly linked to their potential for causing health problems. EPA is concerned about particles t hat are 10 micrometers in diameter or smaller becau se those are the particles that generally pass through the throa t and nose and enter the lungs. Once inhaled, these particles can affect the heart and lungs and cause serious health effects. EPA groups particle pollution into two ca tegories:

• "Coarse particles," such as those found near roadwa ys and dusty industries, range in size from 2.5 to 10 microns in diameter.

• "Fine particles," such as those found in smoke and haze, have diameters smaller than 2.5 microns. Thes e particles can be directly emitted from sources such as forest fires, or they can form when gases emitted from po wer plants, industries and automobiles react in the air.

Sulfur Dioxide: SO 2 is emitted (in gaseous form) largely from burning h igh-sulfur coal, oil, and diesel fuel. Because this gas is usually found in association with particulate pollu tion, as SO 2 is the precursor for fine sulfate particles, separa ting the health effects of these two pollutants is diffi cult. Together SO 2 and PM 2.5 make up a major portion of the pollutant load in many cities, acting separately an d in concert to threaten public health. SO 2 contributes to respiratory illness, particularly in children and t he elderly, and aggravates existing heart and lung diseases. SO 2 contributes to the formation of acid rain, and it c ontributes to the formation of atmospheric particle s that cause visibility impairment, most noticeably in national parks. SO 2 and the pollutants formed from SO 2 , such as sulfate particles, can be transported over long distances a nd deposited far from the point of origin. This me ans that problems with SO 2 are not confined to areas where it is emitted.



### National Ambient Air Quality Standards The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standard s (OAQPS) manages programs to improve air quality i n areas where the current quality is unacceptable and to pr event deterioration in areas where the air is relat ively free of contamination. To accomplish this task, OAQPS estab lishes the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (N AAQS) for each of the criteria pollutants (see Table 1). There are two types of standards. Primary standards protect against adverse health effects; secondary standards protect against welfare effects, such as damage to farm crops and vegetation and/or damage to building s. Because different pollutants have different effects, the NA AQS are also different. Some pollutants have standa rds for both long-term and short-term averaging times. The short -term standards are designed to protect against acu te, or shortterm, health effects, while the long-term standards are established to protect against chronic health effects. Table 1 lists the NAAQS for six criteria pollutants.

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` 

## Table 1 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
The NAAQS set air pollutant concentration limits fo r six pollutants, called the criteria air pollutants

, namely carbon monoxide (CO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), lead (Pb),

Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) [8] and Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ). [8]

The NAAQS for the six criteria pollutants are liste d in the table below:

National Ambient Air Quality Standards [3][4]

Primary Standard Secondary Standard

Criteria Pollutant Concentration Limit Averaging

Time Concentration

Limit Averaging

Time

9 ppmv ( 10 mg / m 3 ) 8-hour (1)

Carbon monoxide 35 ppmv ( 40 mg/m 3 ) 1-hour (1) None

0.03 ppmv ( 80 μ g /m 3 ) Annual

(arithmetic mean) Sulfur dioxide 0.14 ppmv ( 365 μ g/m 3 24-hour (1) 0.5 ppmv ( 1300 μ g/m 3 ) 3-hour (1)

Nitrogen dioxide 0.053 ppmv ( 100 μ g/m 3 ) Annual

(arithmetic mean) Same as primary

0.075 ppmv ( 150 μ g/m 3 ) 8-hour (2) Same as primary
Ozone 0.12 ppmv

( 235 μ g/m 3 ) 1-hour (3) Same as primary

0.15 μ g/m 3 Rolling 3-month average Same as primary Lead

1.5 μ g/m 3 Quarterly average Same as primary

Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) 150 μ g/m 3 24-hour (4) Same as primary

15 μ g/m 3 Annual (5)

(arithmetic mean) Same as primary Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 )
35 μ g/m 3 24-hour (6) Same as primary

(1) Not to be exceeded more than once per year.
(2) The 3-year average of the fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average at each monitor within the area over each year must not exceed 0.075 ppmv.

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(3a) The expected number of days per calendar year with maximum hourly averages above 0.12 ppm must be equal to or less than 1. (3b) As of June 15, 2007, the U.S. EPA revoked the 1-hour ozone standard in all areas except for certain parts of 10 states. (4) Not to be exceeded more than once per year on a verage over 3 years. (5) The 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15 μ g/m 3

. (6) The 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24 -hour concentrations at each population-oriented
monitor within the area must not exceed 35.5 μ g/m 3

.

The units of measure used for concentrations in the above table are parts per million by volume (ppmv), milligrams per cubic meter of air at 101.325 k Pa and 25 ° C (mg/m 3 ), and micrograms per cubic meter of air at 101.325 kPa and 25 °C (μg/m 3 ). See Air pollutant concentrations for the conversions between gas concentrations ppmv and mg/m 3

.

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