Safety Management System (SMS) Manual

Selected Tools and Guidance

Volume 2

Version 1.0

1 Mar 2011

Presented to:

Todd Dalsing

Acting Airport Manager

Dubuque Regional Airport (DBQ)

Dubuque, IA
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QUALITY ASSURANCE AND VERSION TRACKING

Authorization

Title Dubuque Regional Airport - SMS Manual / Selected Guidance Tools

Document number SMS 1-1-1 Vol. 2

Version 1.0

Prepared by Applied Research Associates, Inc

Approved by

Version tracking

Version Action By Date

1.0 Preparation ARA 03/01/2011
Document No: SMS.1-1-1

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PREFACE

This document has been structured in two volumes:

 Volume 1 is the DBQ Safety Management System (SMS) Manual; and

 Volume 2 includes selected SMS policies, tools, checklists, and forms.

The SMS Manual contains the proposed SMS structure, roles, responsibilities and processes required

to manage the SMS, It does not include all the procedures, tools and outputs from those processes.

Selected tools, checklists, guidance and procedures have been included in Volume 2. Additional

supporting procedures and tools will be developed during the SMS implementation process. This

SMS manual was produced by ARA.
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SMS MANUAL CONTROL NUMBER

VOLUME 2

DBQ SMS Manual / Selected Tools and Guidance

SMS.1.1-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Quality Assurance and Version Tracking ............................................................................... ii

Preface..................................................................................................................................... iii

Table of Contents .....................................................................................................................V

List of Figures...........................................................................................................................V

List of Tables.......................................................................................................................... VI

Authorization ........................................................................................................................ viii

Distribution List.......................................................................................................................ix

Ammendment Record Sheet .....................................................................................................x

SMS Manual - Selected Tools And Guidance...........................................................................1

A. DBQ Safety Commitment And Philosophy...................................................................2

DBQ Safety Policy...................................................................................................................2

DBQNon-Punitive Reporting Policy ........................................................................................3

B. DBQ Safety Objectives ..................................................................................................4

C. List of Applicable Regulations to DBQ .........................................................................5

D. List of Records to Be Maintained..................................................................................6

E. Common Airside Hazards .............................................................................................7

F. Safety Report Template.....................................................................................................9

G. Aviation Hazard Identification Brainstorming Tool ..................................................11

H. DBQ Safety Significant Activities................................................................................14

I. Risk Assessment Matrix ..................................................................................................16

J. Investigation Techniques.................................................................................................19

K. Sms Key Performance Indicators................................................................................21

L. Document and Record Management and Control System .........................................22

M. Example of Safety Risk Management .........................................................................24

N. Plan to Integrate Apron Safety Management into DBQ SMS....... Error! Bookmark not

defined.

LIST OF FIGURES, VOLUME 2

Figure 1 - Hazard Identification Brainstorming Session .............................................................11

Figure 2 - FAA Risk Matrix ......................................................................................................17

Figure 3 - Fishbone Investigation Process..................................................................................19

Figure 4 - “5 Whys” Investigation Process.................................................................................20
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LIST OF TABLES, VOLUME 2

Table 1 – DBQ Safety Significant Activities..............................................................................14

Table 2 - FAA Severity Definitions ...........................................................................................16

Table 3 - FAA Likelihood Levels ..............................................................................................16
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VOLUME 2

DUBUQUE REGIONAL AIRPORT

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MANUAL

SELECTED TOOLS AND GUIDANCE
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AUTHORIZATION

This document is approved for use by:

............... [Signature & seal]...................

Airport Manager

This document is endorsed by:

............... [Signature & seal]...................

Supervisor of Operations and Maintenance

............... [Signature & seal]...................

Supervisor of FBO Operations

............... [Signature & seal]...................

Supervisor of Administration
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DISTRIBUTION LIST

Copy No. Holder

(Position Title)

Signature

(of Holder)

1 Airport Board of Directors

2 Airport Manager

3 Supervisor of Operations and Maintenance

4 Supervisor of FBO Operations

5 Supervisor of Administration

6 SMS Coordinator

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18
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AMMENDMENT RECORD SHEET

Revision No. 1.0

Amendment No. Affected section Affected pages Date
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SMS MANUAL - SELECTED TOOLS AND GUIDANCE

This document supports the Dubuque Regional Airport (DBQ) Safety Management System Manual.

It is compatible with the guidelines established in the FAA Advisory Circular AC 150/5200-37

(02/28/2007), Introduction to Safety Management Systems (SMS) for Airport Operators, and

contains DBQ Safety and Reporting policies, as well as selected tools, checklists, guidance and

procedures. This material has been included in a separate volume from the SMS Manual because its

content is subject to periodic reviews and modifications.
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A. DBQ SAFETY COMMITMENT AND PHILOSOPHY

DUBUQUE REGIONAL AIRPORT (DBQ) SAFETY POLICY

We all have the responsibility for working in a safe manner. The application of an effective

safety management system is integral to all our aviation activities with the objective of achieving

the highest levels of safety standards and performance. As such our commitment is to:

 continuously promote a safety culture across all our activities that recognizes the

importance of safety and the value of effective safety management;

 ensure that all staff are aware of their accountabilities and responsibilities in the

execution of and participation in the safety management program;

 proactively manage the risks associated with accidents or incidents to a point which is as

low as reasonably practicable/ achievable;

 verify that all externally supplied systems and services that impact upon the safety of our

operations meet appropriate local, national and contractual safety standards;

 perform our safety procedures and processes in conformance with recognized established

standards;

 comply with and wherever possible exceed legislative and regulatory requirements and

standards;

 provide all our staff with adequate and appropriate safety information and training, to

ensure that they are competent in the performance of their duties;

 only assign tasks to our staff that are commensurate with their skills and available

resources;

 provide sufficient skilled and trained personnel and other resources as necessary to ensure

the effectiveness of our safety management system;

 measure our safety performance against objectives and/ or targets on a regular basis, and

take corrective actions to improve safety when appropriate;

 strive for the highest levels of safety standards and performance in all our activities;

 continually improve our safety performance; conduct safety and management reviews;

and ensure relevant actions are taken.

............ [Signature & seal].............

Airport Manager
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DUBUQUE REGIONAL AIRPORT (DBQ) NON-PUNITIVE

REPORTING POLICY

DBQ is committed to safe airport operations. To achieve this, it is imperative that we encourage

uninhibited reporting of all incidents and occurrences which may compromise the safe conduct of

our operations. To this end, every employee is responsible for communicating any information

that may affect the integrity of airport operations. Such communication by DBQ staff is

completely free of any form of reprisal;

DBQ will not take disciplinary action against any DBQ employee who discloses an incident or

occurrence involving airport operations;

This policy shall not apply to information received by the DBQ from a source other than the

employee involved in the event, or which involves an illegal act, or a deliberate or willful

disregard of promulgated regulations or procedures;

Our method of collecting, recording and disseminating information obtained from Safety Reports

has been developed to protect, to the extent permissible by law, the identity of any person who

provides safety information;

I urge all staff to use our Safety Reporting program to help DBQ become a leader in providing

our customers and employees with the highest level of safety.

............ [Signature & seal].............

Airport Manager
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B. DBQ SAFETY OBJECTIVES

Organization Wide Safety Objectives

1. Provide effective training;

2. Promote SMS awareness within the organization as a whole;

3. Encourage safety reporting; and

4. Benchmark number of incidents and accidents within DBQ.

Specific Safety Goals

Objective: Ensure that all personnel within DBQ organization receive basic SMS training.

Metrics: Percentage of employees that received basic SMS training.

Objective: Implement corrective or risk mitigation actions within 15 days from date a hazard was

identified.

Metrics: Number of hazards identified, and number of days taken to implement a Corrective

Action Plan.

SMS Coordinator Goals

Objective: Develop an SMS Awareness campaign that includes all DBQ staff and all airport

employees dealing with airside operations.

Metrics: Number of sessions performed.

Objective: Set up a database to record safety significant events, incidents and accidents

Metrics: Number of incidents and accidents identified and recordedd.

Objective: Set up an SMS database and keep records of reports received.

Metrics: Number of reports received

Objective: Provide feedback to reports received through the Safety Reporting within 7 days

Metrics: Average number of days taken to provide feedback for reports received.
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C. LIST OF APPLICABLE REGULATIONS TO DBQ

 Statutory Materials—United States Code, Title 49:

o Chapters 401 (General Provisions), 417 (Operations of Carriers), 449 (Security),

461 (Investigations and Proceedings), 471 (Airport Development), 475 (Noise).

 Regulations—Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.), Title 14 and Title 49Aviation Laws:

o 14 C.F.R. Part 139 (Certification of airports);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 1 (Definitions and abbreviations);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 13 (Investigative and enforcement procedures);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 16 (Rules of practice for federally assisted airport enforcement

proceedings);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 21 (Certification procedures for products and parts)

o 14 C.F.R. Part 36 (Noise standards: Aircraft type and airworthiness certification);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 71 (Designation of class A, B, C, D, and E airspace areas: air

traffic service routes; and reporting points);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 77 (Objects affecting navigable airspace);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 91 (General operating and flight rules);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 150 (Airport noise compatibility planning);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 157 (Notice of construction, alteration, activation, and

deactivation of airports);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 161 (Notice and approval of airport noise and access restrictions);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 300 (Rules of conduct in DOT proceedings under this chapter);

o 14 C.F.R. Part 302 (Rules of practice in proceedings);

o 49 C.F.R. Part 18 (Uniform Administrative Requirements for Grants and

Cooperative Agreement to State and Local Governments);

o 49 C.F.R. Part 1520 (Protection of sensitive security information);

o 49 C.F.R. Part 1540 (Civil aviation security: general rules);

o 49 C.F.R. Part 1542 (Airport security);

 FAA Regulations and Policies;

 FAA Orders and Notices;

 FAA Advisory Circulars;

 FAA Policy and Guidance;

 FAA Environmental Records of Decision;

 FAA Airport Noise and Land Use Information;

 IOWA Administrative Regulations, Department of Transportation ;

 Other FAA Documents:

o CertAlerts;

o Engineering Briefs (EBs);

o Signs and Marking Supplement (SAMS).

 TSA Security Directives

 NOTAMs for DBQ.
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D. LIST OF RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED

All Documents as identified in 14 CFR Part 139.301. They include:

 All Emergency Personnel training: 24 months;

 Airport fuel provider inspection records: 12 months;

 Fuel provider personnel training records: 12 months;

 Self inspection records: 12 months;

 Movement area and safety area training records: 24 months;

 Accident and incidents occurring in the movement and safety areas: 60 months;

 Airport condition reports: 12 months;

 Training records; 60 months.
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E. COMMON AIRSIDE HAZARDS

 Airside Construction;

 Foreign Object Debris (FOD);

 Runway incursions;

 Wildlife;

 Miscommunication;

 Vehicles striking aircraft and/or people:

o Traffic rules governing such issues as speed limits, especially on approach to

aircraft and in the vicinity of people;

o Correct vehicle maintenance, especially of safety critical components such as

brakes and steering;

o Driver training and refresher training;

o Driving standards;

o Competence/attitude of drivers;

o Apron management;

o Markings.

 Hazards to passengers on the apron;

 Moving aircraft:

o Taxi;

o Pushback;

o Power back;

o Tows;

o Markings;

o Aircraft parking;

 Markings and limits of aircraft per stand.

 Signs, Markings and guidance;

 Live aircraft engines:

o Blast;

o Fumes;

o Designated run up engine areas;

o Suction ingestion;

o Propellers.

 Falls and falling objects;

 Operation of jet bridges and other servicing equipment;

o Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG);

o Markings;

o Training.

 Ground Support (GSE) and other airside equipment;

 Hazardous substances and Dangerous Goods;

o Hydraulic and other equipment fluids;

o Toilet waste;
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o Container leaks;

o Cleaning products;

o Flammable.

 Inadequate lighting, glare or confusing lights;

 Adverse weather conditions (including winter operations):

o Strong winds;

o Low visibility;

o Electrical storms.

 Electrical hazards:

o Ground Power Unit (GPU);

o Lighting (apron and airfield);

o Power supplies;

o Etc.

 Faults and Defects.
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F. SAFETY REPORT TEMPLATE

SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

REPORTING FORM – PART A

VOLUNTARY HAZARD REPORTING FORM

This form should be used to report any airside hazard that has caused or could cause an accident or

incident. Send to the DBQ SMS Coordinator as soon as possible after the hazard has been identified.

EVENT DESCRIPTION

(To be completed by person reporting the event)

DATE:......./......./....... TIME: .......... AM/PM

LOCATION:.....................................................................................................

DESCRIPTION:................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................................

(To SMS Coordinator: Tear here and discard securely before processing)

Your Name......................................................................................................

Your Organization/Position..............................................................................

Contact number/e-mail address........................................................................

Confidentiality Commitment

You can submit the form anonymously (if you so chose) by omitting relevant details. If you do

provide your name, it will only be used by the SMS Coordinator to enhance the understanding of the

event with follow-up actions should that be required; and under no circumstances will your identity

be disclosed to any person or organization without your express permission. Please be aware that,

under the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA), there is a statutory Code of Practice with which

public authorities must comply and which deals, amongst other things, with obligations of

confidence.
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SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

REPORTING FORM – PART B

REPORT PROCESSING

(To be completed by the SMS Coordinator)

DATE that report was received:......./......./.......

Level of Risk Assessed at:.................................

Referred to:

Appropriate DBQ Manager: Y / N Name/Dept...............................

Ramp Safety Committee : Y / N Name/Organization...................

Entered into Airside Safety Risk Database:

Date...... /....../...... Signature..................................

Actions required..........................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

Person responsible ....................................................................................

Completion Date estimated: ........../......./.........

Feedback:

If reporter known:

Person making the report advised of outcome on: Date:.../..../....

If reporter unknown

Event and action communicated on: Date:.../..../....

Through: □ Safety Bulletin

□ Safety meeting

□ DBQ meetings minutes

□ Other Safety event (describe):....................................
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G. AVIATION HAZARD IDENTIFICATION BRAINSTORMING

TOOL

Figure 1 - Hazard Identification Brainstorming Session
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Aviation Hazard Identification Brainstorming Worksheets

Date: dd/mm/aaaa

Airport Ops □

Operations □

Department FBO Ops □

Administration □ Adm □

Safety Significant Activity .......................................................................

Risk Summary

What Can go Wrong?

Event Hazard

Associated Risk Risk

Value
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Corrective Action Development Worksheet

Date: dd/mm/aaaa

Hazard Risk

Value

Corrective Action OPI Completion

(dd/mm/aaaa)

Priority
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H. DBQ SAFETY SIGNIFICANT ACTIVITIES

The following table presents the safety significant activities at Dubuque Regional Airport.

Table 1- DBQ Safety Significant Activities.

Department Main Activity Safety Significant Activity

Identification and Training Issue SIDA badge

New employees training

Recurrent training

Monitor and Control Perform daily airside and

other inspections

Access to runway and other

maneuvering areas

Allocate Gates and Parking

stands

Establish and Issue Airside

Operating Procedures

Issue NOTAMS

Administration and

Management

Issue ACM and Airport

Information

Perform maintenance of

critical airside infrastructure

(Jet Bridges, Runway/Taxiway

lights, Movement Areas

surfaces, etc)

Provide and maintain aircraft

service infrastructure (ground

power, air conditioning,

surface markings, etc)

Maintenance

Wildlife Control

Coordination NAVAIDS maintenance

coordination

Construction of new facilities

Operations and Maintenance

Construction/renovation

Overseeing and Control of

contractors (new personnel,

hot asphalt paving, storage,

creation of dust, FOD, etc))

New Tenant Agreements

Authorizations of unusual

equipment (cranes, vehicles,

etc)

Approval of new operators

Authorization of users

facilities (constructions)

Hangaring and towing

FBO Operations

Operations

Refueling

Administration Marketing and Business Issuance of Tenders

Award of contracts
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I. RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX

Table 1 - FAA Severity Definitions

Hazard Severity Classification

Minimal

5

Minor

4

Major

3

Hazardous

2

Catastrophic

1

No damage to

aircraft but minimal

injury or discomfort

of little consequence

to passenger(s) or

workers

- Minimal damage

to aircraft, or

- Minor injury to

passengers, or

- Minimal

unplanned airport

operations

limitations (i.e.

taxiway closure), or

- Minor incident

involving the use of

airport emergency

procedures

- Major damager to

aircraft and/or

minor injury to

passenger(s)/worker

(s), or

- Major unplanned

disruption to airport

operations, or

- Serious incident,

or

- Deduction on the

airport's ability to

deal with adverse

conditions-

- Severe damage to

aircraft and/or

serious injury to

passenger(s)/

worker(s) or

- Complete

unplanned airport

closure, or

- Major unplanned

operations

limitations (i.e..

runway closure), or

- Major airport

damage to

equipment and

facilities-

- Complete loss of

aircraft and/or

facilities or fatal

injury in

passenger(s)/

worker(s); or

- Complete

unplanned airport

closure and

destruction of

critical facilities; or

- Airport facilities

and equipment

destroyed

Table 2 - FAA Likelihood Levels

Frequent

A

Expected to occur more than

once per week or every 2500

departures, whichever occurs

sooner

Probable

B

Expected to occur about once

every month or 250,000

departures, whichever occurs

sooner

Remote

C

Expected to occur about once

every year or 2.5 million

departures, whichever occurs

sooner

Extremely

Remote

D

Expected to occur once every 10-

100 years or 25 million

departures, whichever occurs

sooner

Extremely

Improbable

E

Expected to occur less than every

100 years
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Figure 2 - FAA Risk Matrix
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Risk Ranking Log

RISK Assessment

Value

Action Level Required

Corrective Action Plan Log

RISK Action Level Required SHORT TERM

ACTION

LONG TERM ACTION
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J. INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES

Investigation and analysis follows reporting, hazard identification or high risk concerns. Usually

this is done by a team of knowledgeable people who bring their expertise to the table. The

objective of any investigation is to focus on “Fact Finding” and not “Fault Finding” so that it

becomes a key link in the continuous improvement process. It is often the case in safety incidents

that the person is blamed and the underlying reasons on why the person behaved as they did is

ignored. There are two commonly used techniques to try to understand the underlying causes of

incidents. These are the “Fishbone Analysis” and the other is the “5 Whys”.

Fishbone Analysis

The analysis is used in more complex investigations and is particularly useful when many experts

are gathered. Typically each will have their own particular expertise and concerns and the

fishbone analysis focuses all participants in the investigation to defined aspects of the operation.

An outline of the technique is shown in the figure below.

Figure 3 - Fishbone Investigation Process

In the example above all participants are asked to focus on issues related to defined topics. These

are Equipment, People, Materials, and Programs/Procedures. Each is discussed in turn and

concerns for each are written on to the diagram. Other defined topics may be added at the

discretion of the investigating team. At the end of the analysis the resultant fishbone will look

somewhat like the example shown.

Each of the concerns identified are then investigated in detail in order to get to the underlying

root causes of the issue. It can clearly be seen that this technique will allow many root causes to

be permitted ranging from mechanical to human and organizational factors.

5 Whys

The example below is a simple example of the questioning technique used in the 5 Whys. In the

example below the “No Maintenance” could be due to a purchasing issue in getting the wrong

part or it could be a design issue on the seal. The important point is that the investigation is

discussing issues that would preclude repeats of the problem.

People

Lack of commitment

No training / experience

No supervision

Responsibility unclear

Not covered in mtce. program

No management system

Program/

Procedures

Not addressed in procedure

No policy

Equipment

Monitor failure

Operational constraint

Under engineered

Materials

Corrosion

Lack of maintenance

Below specification

Off specification

Example: Fishbone technique.
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Figure 4 - “5-Whys” Investigation Process

Typically once the issues in the fishbone have been identified the “5 Whys” technique is applied

to each in an attempt to find the root causes of each. These techniques allow a skilled team to

focus in turn on different aspects of an issue so that all the underlying causes can be addressed. It

ensures that no one person is able to dominate the discussion with preconceived ideas and it also

allows both hard engineering issues as well as the human factors issues to be drawn out equally in

discussions. It is not normal for people to want to make mistakes and so these techniques try to

ask why the person found themselves in the position to make the error in the first place.

Cause and Effect Chart

(“5-Whys”)

Injury caused by Fall

Fall caused by Wet Surface

Wet Surface caused by Leaky Valve

Leaky Valve caused by Seal Failure

Seal Failure caused by No Maintenance

Cause and Effect Chart

(“5-Whys”)

Injury caused by Fall

Fall caused by Wet Surface

Wet Surface caused by Leaky Valve

Leaky Valve caused by Seal Failure

Seal Failure caused by No Maintenance
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K. SMS KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

The following are the safety performance indicators set for 2011:

 Number of airside accidents;

 Number of airside incidents;

 Number of incidents involving wildlife; and

 Number of aircraft towing accidents and incidents
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L. DOCUMENT AND RECORD MANAGEMENT AND

CONTROL SYSTEM

Document Control and Revisions

All SMS relevant documents will be maintained by the SMS Coordinator. The SMS Coordinator

will retain the master document and have sole access for changes.

When changes are required, the initial draft of documents will be submitted to the affected

personnel for comments. All comments received will be incorporated into the document or

discussed until a resolution is reached.

The final draft will be submitted to the AE or Supervisor for review, revisions, and final

signature.

The final signed document will be dated, converted to a PDF file, and saved for distribution.

Documents may be reviewed annually for updates or as regulations or conditions change. The

same process described above will be utilized for document revisions. The version number will

be indicated on the document number as described above.

When appropriate, each document will contain a Revision Record, a Document Control Table and

a Distribution Control Table as depicted in the examples below:

REVISION RECORD

Document: SMS Manual – SMS.1.1-1

DATE REVISION NUMBER PAGES REVISED INITIALS

Every safety-related document must be accessible, stored appropriately and, if required, will have

a distribution list to assure information control and dissemination. Relevant documents will be

periodically reviewed and the SMS Coordinator will remind and make sure the revisions are

actually carried out.

The SMS Coordinator will keep a Distribution Control Table containing summary information

available for every SMS document.
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DISTRIBUTION CONTROL TABLE

Document: SMS Manual – SMS.1.1-1

NAME #

COPIES

FROM

(version)

TO

(version)

DATE NOTES

Operations 1 1.0 1.0 06/01/2008 First issue, controlled

The SMS Coordinator will keep a Document Control Table listing each SMS document, as

depicted below.

DOCUMENT CONTROL TABLE

DOC DATE COMPILED BY CHECKED BY AUTHORIZED BY

SMS.1.1-1 ARA

Document Status

Document status will be controlled by the SMS Coordinator and will define if the document is

current and to whom it has been distributed, the review time and review date.

Some documents will be reviewed annually for destruction if new versions have been approved.

If it is determined the document needs to be retained, the SMS Coordinator will reassign a

destruction date. The table below shows the information that will be included in the Document

Status List

DOCUMENT STATUS LIST

DOC # TITLE STATUS DISTRIB. REVIEW

TIME

REVIEW

DATE

SMS.1.1-1 SMS Manual current AE, SMS

Coordinator

1 yr

Safety records will be appropriately stored and updated and Supervisors will ensure the data is

collected, updated and that information is passed to the SMS Coordinator. SMS records will be

kept organized to demonstrate due diligence, conformance with the SMS, achievement of

objectives and targets, and regulatory compliance.

Records will be legible, identifiable, meaningful, traceable, readily retrievable, and protected

against damage. Record retention times will be established by the SMS Coordinator.
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M. EXAMPLE OF SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT

Example

Step #1 – Hazard Identification

During a self inspection (3.1.1) at the airport, the following hazards (2.1.1) were

identified:

1) The container provided at the gate to dispose of FOD is old and

rusty

2) The Visual Docking Guidance System (VDGS) is not working

properly.

3) There is a large depression on the runway surface.

Hazard Associated Risk

Rusty FOD

container

Container can break and release all FOD contents onto gate

area

VDGS out

of order

Aircraft collision with air bridge or equipment. Low speed

likely to cause medium aircraft damage only.

Runway

surface

depression

Water can accumulate and cause aircraft to hydroplane and

loose control, possibly departing the runway with catastrophic

consequences

Step #2 – Risk Assessment

Hazard Associated

Risk

Probability Severity Classification

of Risk

Rusty FOD

container

Container can break

and release FOD

contents onto gate area

Low Low Acceptable

VDGS out

of order

Aircraft collision with

air bridge or equipment

High Medium Unacceptable

Runway

surface

depression

Water can cause aircraft

hydroplaning and loss

of control during

operation

High High Unacceptable

Runway

Depression VDGS

FOD

Container

Acceptable

Must reduce

Unacceptable

Low Medium High

Consequence Severity

Probability

Low

Medium High

Runway

Depression VDGS

FOD

Container

Acceptable

Must reduce

Unacceptable

Low Medium High

Consequence Severity

Probability

Low

Medium High
Revision No.: 1.0 - Original Vol 2 - 25/29 t

Document No: SMS.1-1-1

Step #3 – Risk Mitigation

Hazard Associated

Risk

Category of

Risk

Risk

mitigation

type

Risk mitigation

action

VDGS out

of order

Aircraft collision

with air bridge or

equipment

Unacceptable Operating

procedure/

Corrective

Action

Require

Marshaller for

gating

operations /

Re-calibrate

VDGS

Runway

surface

depression

Water can cause

aircraft

hydroplaning and

loss of control

during operation

Unacceptable Operating

Procedure

Short-term:

Issue NOTAM

to warn pilots,

restrict

operations

during heavy

rains,

Long-term:

plan, design

and execute

runway surface

correction

Rusty FOD

container

Container can break

and release FOD

onto gate area

Acceptable Corrective

Action

Replace

container