UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON , D.C. 20460 

## OCT 14.2014

MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY AND POLLUTION PREVENTION

SUBJECT: 

### BEAD Chemical Profile for Registration Review: Famoxadone (113202) FROM:

THRU: 

### Tara Chandgoyal, Ph. D., Plant Pathologist Biological Analysis Branch CynthiaDoucoure, Environmental Protection Specialist 

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# ~ Science**~nformation** 

### and Analysis Branch Elizabeth Hill, Economist Economic Analysis Branch Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7 Arnet Jones, Chief Biological Analysis**:~ ---**  

## j "':" ) Diann Sims, Chief

### ~ Science Information and Analysis Branch Timothy Kiely, Chief

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# (f Economic Analysis Branch Biological and Economic Analysis Division (7503P) 

### TO: Christina Scheltema, Chemical Review Manager Risk Management and Implementation Branch III Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)


### Product Review Panel date: September 24, 2014

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### SUMMARY Famoxadone, a fungicide belonging to the oxazolidine-diones chemical group ofquinone outside inhibitor (Qol) group offungicides, was registered in July 2003. It is registered for use on caneberries, fruiting, leafy, and bulb vegetables, cucurbits, potatoes, hops, and grapes to control and/or manage fungal and bacterial disease. In recent years (2008-2012), approximately41,000 lbs a.i. are used to treat an average of352,000·acres in the U.S. at an overall average application rate of0.12 lb a.i. per acre. The predominantuses offamoxadone in terms ofpercent crop treated are cucumbers (25%), caneberries (15%), and potatoes, onions, peppers, and pumpkin (10% each). The predominant uses in terms ofaverage annual pounds a.i. applied are potatoes (10,000), cucumbers (8,000), tomatoes (6,000) and peppers (3,000).


### INTRODUCTION The purpose ofthis document is to convey usage information and a broad overview ofthe pest managementroles ofpesticides that are beginning to undergo registration review. The anticipated audience consists ofthe team ofEPA staffcurrently evaluating the registration status offamoxadone, and eventually the general public. This document builds upon the data BEAD provides in the Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) to Registration Review teams. The document is based on information and data available to BEAD as ofJune 2014.


### IDSTORY OFBEAD ASSESSMENTS FORFAMOXADONE BEAD prepared a Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA) in June 2014 that contained usage information onpredominant uses offamoxadone during the 2004-2012 time frame. The top uses in terms ofaverage percent crop treated (PCT) and average pounds a.i. applied annually include the following: cucumbers- 25% PCT and 8,000 pounds a.i. applied; caneberries- 15% PCT and 1,000 pounds a.i. applied; and potatoes
- 10% PCT and 10,000pounds a.i. applied. Other crops worth noting are onions, peppers, and pumpkins, with 10% PCT each and a range of 1,000 to 3,000 pounds a.i. applied annually. To date, BEAD has not reviewed any Section 18 Emergency Exemption requests for the use of famodaxone; this shouldnot be interpreted as a lack ofbenefits associated with the chemical.


### COMMON FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Famoxadone is premixed with cymoxanil and formulated as water dispersible granules (dry flowable) applied via ground, air, or chemigation equipment.

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### USE SITES Agricultural Use Sites: Famoxadone is registered for use onbulb vegetables subgroup 3-07A, caneberries subgroup 13- 07A, cucurbits, grapes (East ofthe Rocky Mountains), hops, leafy vegetables subgroup 4A (except Brassica), peppers, potatoes, and tomatoes. Non-Agricultural Use Sites: There are no non-agricultural use sites registered for famoxadone. 

### FAMOXADONE USAGE Agricultural Usage Trend According to proprietary market research surveys, famoxadone use in the U.S. has increased overall following short term fluctuations during the reporting period of2004-2012 as shown in Figure 1. During this period, the overall average annual pounds a.i. applied was 33,000 lb a.i. used to treat an average of287,000 acres at an overall application rate of0.11 lb a.i. per acre. This application rate did not change significantly during the 2008-2012 time frame (0.12lbs. a.i. per acre). Similar trends were found for total area treated as shown inFigure 2. Figure 1. Famoxadone Usage: Pounds AI Applied, 2004-2012

"'0 QJ a. a. <t: <i. Vl "'0 c :::l 0 0.. 60,000

0 2004 2005 2006

Source: EPA Proprietary Data, 2004-2012 2007 2008 Year

Page 

### 3 of8**---------~**

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2009 2010 2011 2012Figure 2: FamoxadoneUsage: Total AreaTreated, 2004-2012

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### .... 0t500,000

0 2004 2005 2006

Source: EPAProprietary Data, 2004-2012 2007

Agricultural Usage: Top Crops. 2008-2012 2008 Year 2009 

# l

2010 2011 2012

Famoxadone is used primarily onpotatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes, and peppers as shown in Table 1. The average annual pounds a.i. applied on all crops during this period was 41,000 usedto treat an average of352,000 acres at an overall application rate of0.12 lb a.i. per acre. T bl 1 F

a e d amoxa one

# usage on T C op rops, 2008 2012



### - Top Crops Proportion of Proportion of Avg A

### .I. Rate LabeledMax Total Pounds A.l. Total Area (lb a.i./acre) App Rate per Applied Treated Application (lb a.i./acre) Potatoes 43% 47% 0.11 0.13 Cucumbers 21% 19% 0.13 0.16 Tomatoes 10% 10% 0.12 0.13 PeQPers 8% 7% 0.14 0.16 Other* 18% 17% 0.11-0.15 0.13; 0.16 *Othercrops include caneberries, cantaloupes, celery, grapes (wine), lettuce, onions, pumpkins, spinach, squash, and watermelons. Source: Propnetary Data, 2008-2012

Page 4 of8Agricultural Usage: Top States. 2008-2012 The top states, in terms ofpounds a.i. applied, are Florida, Michigan, Washington, and Idaho as shown in Figure 2. The average annual pounds a.i. applied in all states during this period was 41,000, which was used to treat an average of352,000 acres at an overall average application rate of0.12 lb a.i. per acre. T bl 2 F

a e d amoxa one 

## u . T S sagem op tates, 2008 2012


### - Top States Proportion ofTotal Proportion ofTotal Avg AI. Rate Pounds AI. Applied Area Treated (lb a.i. per acre) Florida 18% 17% 0.13 Michigan 18% 17% 0.12 Washington 17% 17% 0.12 Idaho 8% 10% 0.09 California 5% 5% 0.12 Wisconsin 5% 6% 0.10 Other* 29% 28% 0.11-0.13 *Other states include AZ, CO, CT, DE, GA, IL, IN, ME, MD, MA, MN, NE, NJ, NY, NC, ND, OH, OR, PA, SC, TX,and VA Source: Propnetary Data,2008-2012 Agricultural Use Intensity ofFamoxadone Use in the U.S. Another measure ofusage is the use intensity. In this analysis, the use intensity is expressed as the average annual amount (in pounds) ofthe active ingredient applied per 1,000 acres ofcrop acres grown. This differs from the application rate, which is expressed as the pounds a.i. applied per treated area. Figure 3 spatially represents famoxadone's use intensity inthe U.S. in Florida, which is drivenbyproduction ofpeppers, potatoes, and tomatoes; in Michigan, which is driven byproduction ofcucumbers; and in Washington, which is driven by production ofpotatoes. Famoxadone product is labeled for the suppression ofbacterial diseases for several crops, including peppers, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits. For bacterial disease control only copper, mancozeb and streptomycin are registered
. Resistance against copper and streptomycin is common on many crops. This maybe the reason that growers in Florida, Michigan and Washington find famoxadone a useful pesticide in managing bacterial diseases. Thehigher use intensity in New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts results from low crop acres grown within the states. For more information onFigure 3, see Appendix A

Page 5 of8Figure 3. Annual Average AgriculturalUse Intensity ofFamoxadone (2008-2012).

PoundsActive Ingredient per 1,000 Crop Acres Grown 0No0ata 

### D<o
. os 

## D o .os-1



### - 1-2 

# - >2
(Source: Proprietary Data, 2008-2012)
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS RELEVANT TO FAMOXADONE Famoxadone is registered for the control ofdowny mildew and suppression ofbacterial soft rot and Xanthomonas blight ofbulb vegetables; leafspot diseases ofcaneberries; Alternaria leaf blight, anthracnose, and bacterial fruit blotch ofcucurbits; downy mildew ofgrapes, hops and leafy vegetables; early and lateblight ofpotatoes, and various fungal diseases oftomatoes. Famoxadone is a fungicide belonging to the oxazolidine-diones chemical group ofquinone outside inhibitor (Qol) group offungicides. It belongs to group 11 ofFungicide Resistance Action Committeebased on mode ofaction offungicides (FRAC, 2013). Resistance in fungi against Qolfungicides (azoxystrobin, famoxadone, fenamidone, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystro) is known and cross resistance is present between all members ofQol group of fungicides (FRAC, 2013). These fungicides have high risk ofresistance development in fungi (FRAC, 2013) and resistance management is recommended (FRAC, 2013B). Page 6 of8Famoxadone is premixed with cymoxanil and sold under the trade name Tanos. The label states, "Repeated use ofproducts for the control ofspecific plant pathogens may lead to selection of resistant strains offungi and result in a reduction ofdisease control. Famoxadone, one ofthe active ingredients in Tanos, is one oftheEPA's target Site ofAction Group 11 fungicide, which also includes all strobilurins and fenamidone. A disease management program that includes rotation betweenTanos and othernon-group 11 fungicides is essential to reduce the risk of fungicide resistance development". The label also states that tank mixing ofTanos with a protectant (contact) fungicide that has a different mode ofaction is required. Theproduct label states, "Do not make more than one application before alternating with a fungicide with different mode ofaction". ROLE OFF AMOXADONE IN PEST MANAGEMENT Overall use offamoxadone in the U.S. has increased in terms ofpounds a.i. applied and acre treatments following periods offluctuation since its registration in July 2003. Based onthe available percent crop treated (PCT) and average annual pounds a.i. applied during 2004-2012 time frames, famoxadone appears to play a relatively important role in the control offungal diseases in the production ofcucumbers, caneberries, potatoes, peppers, and tomatoes. However, due to the high risk ofresistance development, future use offamoxadone may continueto fluctuate. REFERENCES EPA Screening Level Usage Analysis (SLUA), June 2014 EPA Proprietary Data, 2004-2012 FRAC. 2013. Accessed onAugust 21, 2014. http://www.frac
.info/publication/anhang/FRAC%20Code%20List%202013-final.pdf FRAC. 2013B. Accessed on August 25, 2014. http://www
.frac.info/work/Minutes%20of%20the%202013%20Qoi%20Meeting,%20Recommen dations%20for%202014.pdf

Page 

### 7 of8APPENDIX A The map included herein is primarily for the use oftherisk assessors in the Envirolimental Fate and Effects Division. The map provides a very broad geographical view ofthe average annual amount (in pounds) ofthe active ingredient applied per 1,000 acres ofcrop acres grown. These data are included in the maps because risk assessors are interested in the amount ofa pesticide used across agricultural land. The calculated values presented in the map are not equivalent to an application rate (lb ail A). The data used to make these maps have several limitations. Any interpretation ofthe maps should consider the underlying data and the associated limitations carefully. The numerator (annual average pounds applied) is based onprivate market surveys ofpesticide use in agriculture averaged over the last five years (ProprietaryData, 2008-2012). These surveys cover about 60 crops and are targeted in states that produce the majority ofthe crop. Although the surveys capture most ofthe use ofa particular active ingredient in agriculture, there are several limitations to these surveys.
• States with minor production ofa surveyed crop are not sampled • Not all types ofpesticides are surveyed in every crop in every year • Many specialty crops with very small acreages are not included in the survey Theresult ofthese limitations is that states that show no usage may actually have a small amount ofthe active ingredient being used. In some cases the displayed use intensity maybedistorted because the surveyed crops and the reported pesticide usage maynot accuratelyrepresent the actual pesticide usage on the crops produced in the state. The denominator (1,000 crop acres grown) was also obtained from the same private market survey database. The "Crop Acres Grown" variable represents the total acres grown in a given state ofall ofthe surveyed crops. This value is independent of**p~sticide** usage and pesticide registration. It is important to note that the surveyed crops (about 60) are sampled from states that are major producers ofeach crop. Therefore, there are cases where the actual crop acreage in a state is higher than that reported by crop acres grown in the surveybecause either that state and/or crop was not included in the survey. The reader should payparticular attention to the figure legends and realize that a map prepared for a particular chemical is not directly comparable to a map prepared for a different chemical as the legend bins will likely be different.

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