# Patent

## Title
Clutch assembly with formed retention ring

## Abstract

A clutch assembly for a vehicle transmission includes a housing defined by a wall having an annular configuration circumscribing a clutch axis. The wall extends between an open end and a floor. The floor extends inwardly from the wall toward the clutch axis. A plurality of splines formed in the wall and each is spaced from the open end of the housing. A snap ring retains clutch plates in the housing. The open end of the wall is deformed inwardly toward the clutch axis defining a retainer for retaining the snap ring within the housing.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This is a U.S. non-provisional application which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/351,311, filed Jun. 4, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The present invention relates generally toward a clutch for use in an automotive transmission. More specifically, the present invention relates toward an improved clutch housing and retention assembly.
Clutches are known to be used in an automatic transmission assembled to a power train of a vehicle. An increased number of clutches assembled into a transmission are also known to improve mileage performance of a vehicle. For example, a transmission having only four clutches does not perform as well, or provide as good mileage performance, as a transmission having six, or even eight clutches. Due to the increasing cost of fuel, most vehicle companies are engineering new transmissions having eight and even nine clutches.
A typical clutch includes an annular housing having an annular wall defining a plurality of spaced splines. Occasionally, the splines are formed in the annular wall by machining a substantially thicker housing when additional structural integrity is required. Inside the clutch housing, a piston is retained adjacent a base of the housing and circumscribes a transmission shaft through which oil flows in between the housing base and the piston. The piston is separated from the plurality of clutch plates by a steel spacer.
The splines that are defined by the annular wall of the housing extend to the distal end of the housing. A snap ring groove is formed into the splines by either a machining or a reverse lance-and-form process. A snap ring is inserted into the groove to retain the clutch components set forth above. Clutches typically fail because the weakness of the reverse lance-and-formed groove formed into the splines of the clutch housing. Sharp edges defined by the reverse lance create weaknesses in the housing that are known to crack, particularly when the transmissions are under heavy load. Attempts have been made to improve the integrity of the snap ring groove and the clutch housing by increasing the thickness of the clutch housing and extending the distance between the snap ring groove and the open end of the housing. None of these attempts to improve the integrity of the housing have proven sufficient. Furthermore, increasing the thickness of the housing adds weight to the vehicle transmission, particularly given eight clutches are becoming more prevalent in some transmissions. Furthermore, extending the distance between the snap ring groove and the end of the clutch housing makes use of packaging space unnecessarily causing increase inside a transmission. Therefore, there is a strong need to redesign the clutch and the clutch housing to reduce mass, increase structural integrity, particularly to retain the snap ring, and reduce the amount of packaging space required for a given clutch.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A clutch assembly for a transmission, particularly for a vehicle transmission, includes a housing defined by a wall having an annular configuration circumscribing a clutch axis. The wall extends between an open end and a floor and the floor extends inwardly from the wall toward the clutch axis. A plurality of splines is formed in the wall and the splines are spaced from the open end of the housing. The snap ring retains a plurality of clutch plates and fibrous plates in the clutch housing. The open end of the wall is deformed inwardly toward the clutch axis at the open end of the housing defining a retainer for retaining the snap ring within the housing.
The inventive clutch and clutch housing eliminates the lance-and-form snap ring groove known to prior art clutch housings, which typically causes failure in an automotive transmission. The retainer of the present clutch housing is defined by deforming an annular wall of the housing radially inwardly to define the retainer between the upper end of the splines and the deform wall. In effect, the snap ring retention is achieved by “hemming” the top of the housing and results in a full 360° retention. This configuration of the snap ring retainer eliminates the weaknesses associated with the prior art lance-and-formed snap ring groove that are caused from forming a reverse lance cut in the plurality of splines formed in the clutch housing. This lance cut causes a stress rising condition resulting a release of the snap ring from the clutch housing. It is believed that the thickness of the clutch housing can now be reduced by upwards of 0.5 millimeters providing a 20% decrease in the mass of a typical housing. Furthermore, the splines no longer extend to the open end of the clutch housing, but are spaced from the open end of the housing to facilitate the deformation of the open end to form the retainer from the snap ring. This facilitates a reduction of the axial length of the clutch housing reducing the packaging space required of each clutch of the automotive transmission.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above, as well as other advantages of the present invention, will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment when considered in light of accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the clutch of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a fragmented, perspective view of the clutch housing of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the clutch housing of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of line 4-4 of FIG. 3 showing an installation of an individual clutch plate;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of line 5-5 of FIG. 3 showing an installation of an individual clutch plate;
FIG. 6 shows a partial plan view of a clutch plate;
FIG. 7 shows a partial plan view of the inventive clutch assembly having a clutch plate installed;
FIG. 8 shows a partial plan view of a clutch assembly having a clutch plate and a retention or snap ring installed;
FIGS. 9 and 10 shows a sectional view of the retainer and retainer teeth with the snap ring installed;
FIG. 11 shows a partial perspective view of the clutch housing prior to forming the retainer;
FIG. 12 shows a partial sectional view of the clutch housing prior to forming the retainer;
FIG. 13 shows a partial perspective view of the clutch housing having retention teeth formed prior to forming the retainer;
FIG. 14 shows a partial perspective view of an alternative clutch housing of the present invention; and
FIG. 15 shows a partial sectional view having a retainer ring and clutch plates installed into the alternative clutch housing.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIG. 1, a side sectional view of the clutch assembly of the present invention is generally shown at 10. The assembly 10 includes a housing 12 defined by an annular wall 14. The annular wall 14 circumscribes a transmission shaft 16 that defines a shaft axis A. The annular wall 14 of the housing 12 extends axially between an open end 18 and a floor 20. The floor 20 extends radially inwardly toward the transmission shaft 16. A piston 22 circumscribes the transmission shaft 16 and is positioned adjacent the floor 20 of the housing 12. A seal 23 seals the floor 20 of the housing 12 to the transmission shaft 16. Transmission fluid pumps through the transmission shaft 16 through outlets 24 and to the space located between the piston 22 and the floor 20 of the housing 12 to shift the clutch assembly 10 in a known manner. A fibrous plate 28 circumscribes the transmission shaft 16 and is positioned in an abutting relationship between the piston 22 and a plurality of clutch plates 26. The clutch plates 26 are separated by fibrous plates 28. Clutch plates 26 and the fibrous plates 28 circumscribe the transmission shaft 16 and are retained in the housing 12 by snap ring 30 as will be explained further herein below. A clutch pressure plate 32 is disposed between the plurality of clutch plates 26, the fibrous plates 28, and the snap ring 30. A shift member 34 overlies the open end 18 of the housing 12 and provides biasing support to biasing member 36 for biasing the piston 22 toward the floor 20 of the housing 12.
The housing 12 defines a plurality of housing splines 38 spaced around a full 360° of the housing 12 as best shown in FIG. 2. The shift member 34 defines a plurality of member splines 40 as seen in FIG. 1 so that the housing splines 38 and the member splines 40 are opposed enabling positioning of the clutch plates 26 engage either the housing splines 38 or the member splines 40 as shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the clutch plates 26 define a plurality of spaced teeth 42 that engage the housing splines 38 in a gear-like manner. The teeth 42 of the clutch plates 26 are best represented in FIG. 6.
Referring now to FIG. 2, a retainer 44 is positioned at the open end 18 of the housing 12. The retainer 44 extends radially inwardly toward the transmission axis A and defines a plurality of retainer teeth 46. Each of the retainer teeth 46 is circumferentially aligned with one of the plurality of housing splines 38, the purpose of which will be explained further below. Each of the housing splines 38 are spaced from the open end 18 of the housing 12 so that a space 48 is defined between the retainer 44 and the housing splines 38. As shown in FIG. 1, a snap ring 30 is located in space 48 defined between the retainer 44 and the housing splines 38. Referring again to FIG. 2, the housing splines 38 are also spaced from the floor 20 of the housing 12. Although the housing splines 38 are represented as an inwardly projecting deformation in the annular wall 14 of the housing 12, it should be understood to those of ordinary skill in the art that the housing splines 38 may be formed by a cold formed process.
Referring now to FIGS. 3-5, the plurality of housing splines 38 define a minor housing diameter 50 of the housing 12 and the annular wall 14 of the housing 12 defines a major housing diameter 52. Likewise, the retainer 44 defines a major retainer diameter 54 between each of the retainer teeth 46 and a minor retainer diameter 56 defined by the radially inwardly-most portion of the retainer teeth 46. It is contemplated by the inventor that the major retainer diameter 54 includes a length that is between the minor housing diameter 50 and the major housing diameter 52. However, it is necessary that the major retainer diameter 54 is greater than the outer-most diameter of the teeth 42 on the clutch plates 26. Further, the minor retainer diameter 56 is contemplated to be proximate the minor housing diameter 50. However, the minor retainer diameter 56 should be no less than a minor diameter of the clutch plates 26.
The diameters as set forth above of the various elements of the housing 12, the retainer 44, and the retainer teeth 46 facilitate the installation of the clutch plates 26 into the housing 12.
FIG. 7 shows a partially assembled clutch assembly 10 where a clutch plate 26 is shown being received by the housing splines 38 and the retainer teeth 46. The clutch plate teeth 42 are shown spaced from the major housing diameter 52. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the clutch plate teeth 42 need merely be receivable by the retainer 44 and be engagable with the housing splines 38 to be fully operable.
FIG. 8 shows another view of a partially assembled clutch assembly 10 having the snap ring 30 retained by the retainer 44 and being positioned in the space 48 between the housing splines 38 and the retainer 44.
Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, the snap ring 30 is shown positioned in the space 48 defined between the retainer 44 and the housing splines 38. It should be apparent by FIG. 10 that the snap ring 30 achieves 360° of contact and retention by the retainer 44. As set forth above, prior art snap ring grooves have only provided 180° of partial contact to the snap ring resulting in localized stresses developing on the prior art housing causing known failures. Additional structural integrity is shown in FIG. 9 where the retainer teeth 46 provide 180 degrees of further contact and retention to the snap ring 30. It is believed that a 20% reduction in the thickness of the sheet metal used to form the housing 12 is achievable by virtue of the increased contact between the retainer 44 and the snap ring 30 versus the current lance-and-form snap ring groove design.
The method of forming the retainer will now be explained. Referring to FIG. 11, a partial cross-sectional view of the housing 12 is shown prior to formation of the retainer 44. Therefore, one of the plurality of housing splines 38 is shown having a diameter less than an upper flange 58 of the partially formed housing 12. It is obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art that the housing splines 38 are clearly spaced from an open end of the housing 12, even prior to full formation of the retainer 44. A fragmented line 6 shows the target hem of the flange 58 to define the retainer 44, and therefore the space 48, disposed between the retainer 44 and the plurality of housing splines 38. It should be noted that hem material thickness is constant of the parent incoming material thickness used on the entire clutch housing. However, prior to forming the housing flange 58, the housing flange 58 is slotted to define the retainer teeth 46, as best represented in FIG. 13. Once the retainer teeth 46 have been slotted into the flange, the retainer 44 is formed by a rolling or flow forming a process to define the space 48 disposed between the retainer 44 and the housing splines 38 as seen in FIGS. 9 and 10. It should be further understood by those of skill in the art, that the space 48 defined between the retainer 44 and the housing splines 38 is constant, while the snap ring 30 is selected from a plurality of thicknesses to accommodate assembling a variation of the clutch assembly 10. Therefore, it is believed the snap ring 30 will have some float within the space 48 defined by the retainer 44 and the housing splines 38 dependent upon the thickness of the snap ring 30 selected at the time of assembly.
An alternative retainer 60 is represented in FIGS. 14 and 15. Elements that are the same as those disclosed in the prior embodiment include the same element numbers. The alternative retainer 60 defines an outer retainer wall 62 having a diameter greater than the major housing diameter 52. In this embodiment, the alternative retainer 60 does not include retainer teeth, but provides a more extensive overlap with the snap ring 30, as is best represented in FIG. 15. In this embodiment, additional contact with the snap ring 30 is made by the retainer so that 360° of contact is achieved with a more substantial portion of the alternative retainer 60 by way of alternative retainer lip 64. As further represented in FIG. 15, snap ring 30 includes an outer diameter that is greater than the major housing diameter 52. However, snap ring 30 provides sufficient overlap with the pressure plate 32, the clutch plates 26, and the fibrous plates 28 to adequately retain the clutch assembly 10.
While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation while material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A clutch assembly for a transmission, comprising:
a housing defined by a wall having an annular configuration circumscribing a clutch axis, said wall extending between an open end and a floor, said floor extending inwardly from said wall toward said clutch axis;
a plurality of splines formed in said wall, said splines being spaced from said open end of said housing;
a snap ring for retaining clutch plates in said housing;
said open end of said wall being deformed inwardly toward said clutch axis defining a retainer for retaining said snap ring within said housing in a space disposed between said retainer and said splines; and
said wall of said housing includes a major housing diameter and a minor housing diameter, said retainer defining a minor retainer diameter being truncated between said major housing diameter and said minor housing diameter.

2. The assembly set forth in claim 1, wherein said retainer provides three hundred sixty degrees of contact retention to said snap ring.

3. The assembly set forth in claim 1, comprising a plurality of tabs extending radially inwardly from said retainer.

4. The assembly set forth in claim 3, wherein said tabs circumferentially overly said splines.

5. The assembly set forth in claim 1, wherein said clutch plates include a peripheral edge and said peripheral edge defines a plurality of plate teeth of thereby defining a plate major diameter, said plate major diameter being lesser than said housing major diameter.

6. The assembly set forth in claim 1, wherein said splines formed in said wall of said housing are spaced from said floor of said housing.

7. The assembly set forth in claim 1, including a plurality of clutch rings being retained within said clutch housing by said snap ring.

8. A clutch assembly for a transmission, comprising:
a housing defined by a wall having an annular configuration circumscribing a clutch axis, said wall extending between an open end and a floor, said floor extending inwardly from said wall toward said clutch axis;
a plurality of splines formed in said wall, said splines being spaced from said open end of said housing;
a snap ring for retaining clutch plates in said housing;
said open end of said wall being deformed inwardly toward said clutch axis defining a retainer for retaining said snap ring within said housing in a space disposed between said retainer and said splines; and
said retainer includes a retainer wall disposed radially outwardly from said annular wall of said housing.

9. A clutch housing for use in a transmission, the housing enclosing clutch plates interacting with a drive shaft of a vehicle, comprising:
a wall having a tubular configuration with an open end and a partially closed end, said partially closed end having a floor extending radially inwardly from said wall;
a plurality of splines formed into said wall thereby providing gear like engagement with the clutch plates disposed inside said housing, said plurality of splines being spaced from said open end of said wall;
a retainer defined by a hem extending from said open end of said wall, said hem extending radially inwardly from said wall for retaining a snap ring used to retain the clutch plate assemblies within said clutch housing; and

said retainer defining a major retainer diameter, said housing defining a minor housing diameter and a major housing diameter, said major retainer diameter being greater than said minor housing diameter and said major housing diameter.

10. The clutch housing set forth in claim 9, comprising a plurality of tabs extending radially inwardly from said retainer.

11. The clutch housing set forth in claim 10, wherein each of said tabs are circumferentially aligned with one of said plurality of splines formed in said wall of said clutch housing.

12. The clutch housing set forth in claim 9, wherein said plurality of splines are spaced from said floor of said clutch housing.

13. The clutch housing set forth in claim 9, wherein each of said plurality of splines define a continuous surface.

14. The clutch housing set forth in claim 9, wherein said retainer defines a space with said plurality of splines for receiving a snap ring.

15. The clutch housing set forth in claim 9, wherein said retainer defines a retainer wall disposed radially outwardly from said annular wall of said housing.

16. The clutch housing set forth in claim 9, wherein said clutch plates include a plurality of teeth for engaging said plurality of splines and said clutch teeth define a major teeth diameter being less than said major retainer diameter.

17. The clutch housing set forth in claim 9, wherein said retainer engages said snap ring along three hundred sixty degrees of said wall having a tubular configuration.

18. The assembly set forth in claim 9, wherein said retainer includes a minor retainer diameter.

19. A clutch assembly, comprising:
a housing having an open end and a floor, said housing defining an annular wall around a clutch axis with said wall defining a plurality of splines extending between said open end and said floor;
a plurality of clutch plates received by said splines inside said housing and a ring retaining said clutch plates in said housing;
a retainer disposed at said open end of said housing and defining a space with said splines, said space receiving said ring thereby securing said ring between said retainer and said splines in a substantially fixed position relative to an axis defined by said clutch assembly and retaining said clutch plates inside said housing, and
said splines defining a major housing diameter and a minor housing diameter, said retainer defining a minor retainer diameter being truncated between said major housing diameter and said minor housing diameter.

20. The assembly set forth in claim 19, wherein said retainer is defined by deforming said open end of said housing radially inwardly thereby defining a space between said retainer and said splines for receiving said ring.

21. The assembly set forth in claim 20, wherein space defines a substantially continuous groove for receiving said ring.

22. The assembly set forth in claim 19, wherein said splines are spaced from said open end of said housing.

23. The assembly set forth in claim 19, wherein said retainer defines a plurality of retainer teeth extending radially inwardly from said annular wall.

24. The assembly set forth in claim 23, wherein said teeth are circumferentially aligned with said splines.

25. The assembly set forth in claim 19, wherein said retainer provides substantially continuous contact with said ring.

26. The assembly set forth in claim 1, wherein said retainer includes a major retainer diameter.

27. The assembly set forth in claim 19, wherein said retainer includes a major retainer diameter.