Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for the 

Registration of the New Chemical Cyantraniliprole - Amended

 

Cyantraniliprole

3-bromo-1-)3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyanlo-2-methyl-6-

[{methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

CAS No. 736994-63-1

PC Code 090098

Prepared by:

 

Meghan Radtke, Ph.D., Biologist

Christopher M. Koper, M.S., Chemist

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Pesticide Programs

Environmental Fate and Effects Division

Environmental Risk Branch I

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW

Mail Code 7507P

Washington, DC 20460

Reviewed by:

Stephen Wente, Ph.D., Biologist

Michael Lowit, Ph.D., Ecologist 

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2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY........................................................................................ 10

A. Nature of Chemical Stressor .................................................................. 10

B. Conclusions - Exposure Characterization ............................................ 10

C. Conclusions - Effects Characterization................................................. 11

D. Potential Risks to Non-target Organisms ............................................. 11

E. Uncertainties and Data Gaps ................................................................. 13

II PROBLEM FORMULATION ................................................................................. 13

A. Stressor Source and Distribution .......................................................... 14

1. Source and Intensity ................................................................... 14

2. Physical/Chemical/Fate and Transport Properties.................. 15

3. Pesticide Type, Class, and Mode of Action................................. 9

4. Overview of Pesticide Usage ........................................................ 9

B. Receptors................................................................................................... 9

1. Aquatic and Terrestrial Effects................................................... 9

2. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk .................................................. 10

C. Assessment Endpoints ............................................................................ 10

D. Conceptual Model ................................................................................... 12

1. Risk Hypotheses.......................................................................... 12

2. Diagram ....................................................................................... 19

E. Analysis Plan............................................................................................ 14

1. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps and Methods........... 15

2. Measures to Evaluate Risk Hypotheses and Conceptual Model

....................................................................................................... 15

a. Measures of Exposure..................................................... 15

b. Measures of Effect .......................................................... 16

III. ANALYSIS .......................................................................................................... 17

A. Use Characterization .............................................................................. 17

B. Exposure Characterization..................................................................... 26

1. Environmental Fate and Transport Characterization ............ 28

a. Degradation......................................................................28

b. Mobility and Transport.......................................30

c. Field Studies.....................................................................30

d. Degradates......................................................31

e. Total Toxic Residues (TTR).................................31

2. Measures of Aquatic Exposure.................................................. 26

a. Aquatic Exposure Modeling .......................................... 26

b. Aquatic Exposure Monitoring and Field Data............. 49

3. Measures of Terrestrial Exposure............................................. 43

a. Terrestrial Exposure Modeling ..................................... 43

C. Ecological Effects Characterization ......................................................... 57

1. Aquatic Effects Characterization .................................................. 57

a. Aquatic Animals.................................................................. 57

b. Aquatic Plants ................................................................. 63

2. Terrestrial Effects Characterization............................................. 65
3

a. Terrestrial Animals............................................................. 65

b. Terrestrial Plants............................................................ 86

IV. Risk Characterization .......................................................................................... 87

A. Risk Estimation - Integration of Exposure and Effects Data................. 87

1. Non-target Aquatic Animals and Plants....................................... 87

2. Non-target Terrestrial Animals................................................... 115

3. Non-target Terrestrial and Semi-aquatic Plants........................ 121

B. Risk Description ....................................................................................... 124

1. Degradate Persistence and Accumulation ............................... 130

2. Risks to Aquatic Organisms...................................................... 130

a. Animals .......................................................................... 124

b. Plants.............................................................................. 127

3. Risks to Terrestrial Organisms................................................. 128

a. Animals .......................................................................... 128

b. Plants.............................................................................. 141

4. Review of Incident Data ............................................................... 142

5. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species Concerns

..................................................................................................... 142

a. Action Area..................................................................... 142

b. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk........................ 143

(1). Discussion of Risk Quotients........................... 143

(2). Probit Dose Response Relationship ................ 143

(3). Spray Drift Analysis................................149

(4). Indirect Effects Analysis................................... 144

(5). Critical Habitat ................................................. 149

(6). Co-occurrence Analysis.................................... 150

V. UNCERTAINTIES .................................................................................................. 152

VI. REFERENCES ....................................................................................................... 152

Appendix A Screening Inhibition Program........................................177

Appendix B Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk..................................179

Appendix C Major and Minor Degradates.........................................181

Appendix D PRZM/EXAMS Output...... .........................................188

Appendix E T-REX Input and Output .............................................189

Appendix F EEC Calculations for Soil ..............................................191

Appendix G TerrPlant Input and Output .........................................197

Appendix H Agency Levels of Concern (LOC)....................................199

Appendix I LOCATES Endangered Species List................................200
4

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

A. Nature of Chemical Stressor

Cyantraniliprole is a new insecticide that is proposed for registration by the E. I. DuPont 

de Nemours and Company (DuPont) and Syngenta Crop Protection (Syngenta) for 

agricultural and non-agricultural uses. Proposed uses include: bushberries, citrus, cotton, 

oil seeds, pome fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts, vegetables (bulb, corm and tuberous, cucurbit, 

fruiting, leafy brassica, and leafy non-brassica), and professional products (fly bait, 

indoor and outdoor insect control for public health pests such as cockroaches, ants, flies 

and termites, nuisance insect pests and turfgrass and ornamentals). In addition to 

technical cyantraniliprole, DuPont has proposed eight formulations for registration and 

Syngenta has proposed five. Three of the Syngenta products are co-formulated with the 

insecticide, thiamethoxam. Cyantraniliprole would be applied via foliar spray, micro 

sprinkler chemigation, bark spray, drip chemigation, soil drench, soil treatment, seed 

treatment, seed piece treatment, or bait. Rates vary but do not exceed 0.69 lb ai/A as a 

seasonal maximum for agricultural uses and 0.5 lb ai/A for non-agricultural uses. 

Cyantraniliprole is a systemic, broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the diamide 

class of chemistry. It translocates through plants via both the xylem and phloem. 

Cyantraniliprole binds with insect ryanodine receptors, which causes muscle contractions 

that lead to paralysis and death. It is nearly identical to the insecticide 

chlorantraniliprole, except for the substitution of a cyano-group instead of a chlorogroup.

B. Conclusions - Exposure Characterization

Cyantraniliprole is soluble at neutral pH and given its low vapor pressure and Henry’s 

Law constants, is not considered volatile and is not likely prone to atmospheric transport. 

While cyantraniliprole is subject to both abiotic (alkaline hydrolysis (t1/2 = 21 hrs) and 

photodegradation in aqueous (t1/2 = 8 hrs) and moist soil environments) and biotic 

(aerobic and anaerobic biotransformation in terrestrial and aquatic environments (t1/2 

range from 2 days to 3 months) degradation, the chemical degrades into a total of 13 

degradation products. Of these degradates, eight are major and five are minor. Based on 

degradate aerobic soil metabolism and mobility studies, six of the eight major degradates 

had longer dissipation half-life (DT50) values (more persistent) and three of the eight

degradates were more mobile than the parent cyantraniliprole. According to the Food 

and Agriculture Organization (FAO) classification system, based on organic carbon 

partitioning coefficients, cyantraniliprole is characterized as moderately mobile. 

Bioconcentration factor data (BCF value <1 in whole fish) indicate that cyantraniliprole 

is not likely to bioaccumulate. 

Given the uncertainty of the behavior and toxicity of these degradates, their toxicity is 

assumed to be equivalent to the parent compound, cyantraniliprole. For the aquatic 

exposure modeling, a total toxic residue approach (considers the parent compound and 
5

eight major degradates including two degradates from terrestrial field studies) was 

utilized. For surface water, peak estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) ranged 

from 0.23 μg/L from cyantraniliprole use on trees using the Oregon Christmas tree 

scenario to 38 μg/L from cyantraniliprole use on cotton using the North Carolina cotton 

scenario. For pore water, peak EECs ranged from 0.22 μg/L from cyantraniliprole use on 

trees using the Oregon Christmas tree scenario to 37 μg/L from cyantraniliprole use on 

rapeseed using the North Dakota wheat scenario. 

Since cyantraniliprole is a new chemical, no monitoring data were found when searching 

the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment (USGS NAWQA)

surface water and ground water database and California Department of Pesticide 

Regulation (CDPR) surface water database. Likewise, no monitoring data were found for 

the degradation products.

C. Conclusions - Effects Characterization

Based on the available data, cyantraniliprole is classified as slightly to moderately toxic

to freshwater fish; slightly toxic to estuarine/marine fish; slightly to very highly toxic to 

freshwater invertebrates; moderately to highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates, 

highly toxic to benthic invertebrates; highly to very highly toxic to terrestrial insects; and 

practically non-toxic to mammals and birds on an acute exposure basis. No chronic 

effects or mortality were noted for freshwater fish (NOAEC = 10.7 mg ai/L) or benthic 

invertebrates (overlaying water NOAEC = 10 μg ai/L). For estuarine/marine fish 

(NOAEC < 0.75 mg ai/L) and freshwater invertebrates (NOAEC = 6.56 μg ai/L), body 

length was the most sensitive endpoint. Chronic data were not available for 

estuarine/marine invertebrates. The reproductive studies for birds indicated no effects up 

to the maximum dietary level tested (NOAEC = 1000 mg ai/kg-diet). The most sensitive 

NOAEC for mammalian endpoints was 20 mg ai/kg-diet and was based on a decrease in 

thyroid weight. Offspring also showed decreases in organ weight and body weight, but at 

higher exposure levels (NOAEC = 200 mg ai/kg-diet). No reproductive endpoints were 

affected. For terrestrial plants, the EC25 values were greater than 0.134 lb ai/A for both 

seedling emergence and vegetative vigor tests. The NOAEC followed a similar pattern 

(= 0.134 lb ai/A), except for the monocot vegetative vigor NOAEC, which was 0.067 lb 

ai/A. The most sensitive non-vascular aquatic plant tested was the green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) with a non-definitive EC50 >10 mg ai/L and a NOAEC 

of 1 mg ai/L; vascular aquatic plants were similar with a non-definitive EC50 >12.1 mg 

ai/L.

D. Potential Risks to Non-target Organisms

The results of this screening-level risk assessment indicate that the proposed uses for 

cyantraniliprole have the potential for direct adverse effects to federally listed 

threatened/endangered (hereafter referred to as "listed") and non-listed mammals from 

chronic exposure, listed freshwater invertebrates from acute exposures, listed 

estuarine/marine invertebrates from acute exposures, listed terrestrial invertebrates from 

acute exposures, listed benthic invertebrates from acute exposures, and listed and non-
6

listed benthic invertebrates from chronic exposures. Direct effects to terrestrial monocots

and estuarine/marine fish (chronic) cannot be excluded because of an absence of data. 

Direct effects to birds (and, thus, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians), fish (and, 

thus, aquatic-phase amphibians), aquatic plants, and terrestrial dicots are not expected 

from the proposed cyantraniliprole uses. Indirect effects are possible for all species that 

depend on aquatic invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial 

monocots, and/or mammals for food, habitat, or other environmental resources (Table 1).

Table 1. Listed Species Risks Associated with Potential Direct or Indirect Effects 

from the Proposed Applications of Cyantraniliprole

Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effects

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants 

– monocots Yes2 Yes1

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants 

– dicots No Yes1

Terrestrial invertebrates Yes (acute) Yes1

Birds No Yes1

Terrestrial-phase amphibians No Yes1

Reptiles No Yes1

Mammals Yes (chronic) Yes1

Aquatic plants No Yes1

Freshwater fish No Yes1

Aquatic-phase amphibians No Yes1

Freshwater invertebrates Yes (acute) Yes1

Benthic invertebrates Yes (acute and chronic) Yes1

Marine/estuarine fish Yes (chronic)3 Yes1

Marine/estuarine invertebrates Yes (acute) Yes1

1

The potential for adverse effects to those species that rely on plant and/or animal species (specifically 

aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, or mammals) cannot be precluded. Indirect effects may 

include general habitat modification, host plant loss, and food supply disruption.

2

Based on monocot seedling emergence data gap.

3

Based on a non-definitive (less than) NOAEC.
7

E. Uncertainties and Data Gaps

There was no independent laboratory validation (ILV) provided for the analytical 

methodology used for determining DPX-HGW86 in air described in the study entitled

“Analytical Method for the Determination of DPX-HGW86 in Air Using LC/MS/MS”

(MRID 48119930).

Acceptable toxicity data are not available to assess the effects of cyantraniliprole to 

estuarine/marine invertebrates from chronic exposure. In lieu of these data, the acute-tochronic ratio (ACR) approach was used to generate a chronic toxicity value for the 

Eastern oyster and mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia). Only a non-definitive NOAEC 

(less than) was available for chronic effects to estuarine/marine fish. There is uncertainty 

as to the lower bounds of the chronic toxicity of cyantraniliprole to estuarine/marine fish. 

Only a partial set [1 monocot and 4 dicotyledenous (dicots)] of scientifically sound data 

were available for the seedling emergence test. Normal testing requires four monocot

and six dicot species. A primary concern is the dearth of data for monocots because the 

vegetative vigor study indicated that monocots (onion) were more sensitive to 

cyantraniliprole than dicots. Given that only one species of monocot (corn) was tested 

for seedling emergence effects and it was not the onion, it is uncertain that corn is 

representative of the most sensitive monocot. 

A larval toxicity study was not available but results from the semi- and full-field studies 

that examined effects to honeybee larvae and brood were used as information sources. 

Semi-field studies tested up to a single maximum application rate of 0.134 lb ai/A and not 

the single maximum application rate (0.69 lb ai/A for some uses). There is uncertainty as 

to whether effects at higher application rates are possible.

Finally, degradate toxicity data are limited for the major degradates and the quantitative 

structure-activity model ECOSAR did not produce reliable toxicity estimates. Given the 

uncertainty, degradates were assumed to be equally toxic to the parent; the Health Effects 

Division came to this same determination.

II PROBLEM FORMULATION

The purpose of this assessment is to evaluate the environmental fate and ecological risks 

for the registration of the new chemical, cyantraniliprole. As a new insecticide being 

proposed for use in the United States, EPA is required under the Federal Insecticide 

Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to ensure that cyantraniliprole does not have the 

potential to cause unreasonable adverse effects to the environment. Potential effects to 

listed species are also considered under the Endangered Species Act to ensure that the 

registration of cyantraniliprole is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of such 

listed species or adversely modify their habitat. To these ends, this assessment follows 

EPA guidance on conducting ecological risk assessments (USEPA 1998) and the Office 
8

of Pesticide Program’s policies for assessing risk to non-target and listed organisms 

(USEPA 2004).

Among the end products of the EPA pesticide registration process is a determination of 

whether a product is eligible for registration and, if so, a description of how the product 

may be used. A label represents the legal document that stipulates how and where a 

given pesticide may be used. End-use labels describe the formulation type, acceptable 

methods of application, where the product may be applied, and any restrictions on how 

applications may be conducted. Thus, the use, or potential use, described by the 

pesticide’s labels is considered “the action” being assessed. This assessment is in support 

of the new chemical registration of cyantraniliprole.

A. Stressor Source and Distribution

1. Source and Intensity

Cyantraniliprole, a broad spectrum insecticide, is a new chemical that is undergoing 

registration by DuPont and Syngenta. In addition to the technical, 13 end-use products 

are being proposed for registration in the United States (Table 2). According to the 

proposed labels, the products would be used to control a wide range of insects on both 

agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Cyantraniliprole is proposed as a foliar spray, 

bark spray, micro sprinkler chemigation, drip chemigation, soil drench, soil treatment, 

seed treatment, seed piece treatment, or bait, depending on the use. 

Table 2. Cyantraniliprole Products Proposed for Registration in the United States

Product (registrant) Active Ingredients (% 

purity) Form Registration Number

A17960B ST (Syngenta) Cyantraniliprole 

(48.8%) NS1 100-RURI

A17960A ST 

(Syngenta)

Cyantraniliprole 

(48.8%) NS 100-RUEN

A16901B CP 

(Syngenta)

Cyantraniliprole (20%)

Thiamethoxam (20%)

Water dispersible 

granule 100-RUER

Mainspring Insecticide 

(Syngenta)

Cyantraniliprole (20%)

Thiamethoxam (20%)

Water dispersible 

granule 100-RUEE

A16901B Residential 

and Turf (Syngenta)

Cyantraniliprole (20%)

Thiamethoxam (20%)

Water dispersible 

granule 100-RUEG/100-RUEU

Cyazypyr Technical 

(DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole 

(96.7%) NS 352-ILA

Benevia Insect Control 

(DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole 

(10.26%) Oil dispersion 352-ILT

Dermacor Z-103 

Insecticide Seed 

Treatment (DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole (50%) Flowable suspension 352-ILI

Exirel Insect Control 

(DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole 

(10.2%) Oil in water emulsion 352-ILO

Verimark Insect Control 

(DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole 

(18.66%) Suspension concentrate 352-IAN

HGW86 Fly Control 

Bait (DuPont) Cyantraniliprole (0.5%) Granular bait 352-IAE
9

Product (registrant) Active Ingredients (% 

purity) Form Registration Number

HGW86 GH and N 

Insect Control (DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole 

(18.66%) Suspension concentrate 352-IAG

HGW86 T and O Insect 

Control (DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole 

(18.66%) Suspension concentrate 352-IAL

HGW86 SC Insect 

Control (DuPont)

Cyantraniliprole 

(18.66%) Suspension concentrate 352-IAI

1

Not specified on label

2. Physical/Chemical/Fate and Transport Properties

Cyantraniliprole is relatively soluble (14.2 mg/L) in water and its low vapor pressure 

(3.85 x 10-17 mm Hg), and Henry’s Law constants (1.7 x 10-18 atm*m3/mol) suggest the 

chemical’s volatilization is limited. Based on a preliminary review of the data, the 

chemical is subject to both abiotic and biotic routes of dissipation whereby multiple 

degradates may form depending on environmental conditions.

3. Pesticide Type, Class, and Mode of Action

Cyantraniliprole is an insecticide that belongs to the diamide class of compounds. It is 

structurally identical to the previously registered chlorantraniliprole (CAS 500008-45-7), 

with the exception of a cyano-group substituted for the chloro-group. Cyantraniliprole 

binds with insect ryanodine receptors, causing unregulated activation of ryanodine 

receptor channels. This leads to internal calcium store depletion and impairs the 

regulation of muscle contraction. Cyantraniliprole is systemically distributed in plants 

and insects exposed to cyantraniliprole first exhibit lethargy, followed by muscle 

paralysis, and then death. 

4. Overview of Pesticide Usage

Since this is a new chemical, the Agency does not have any usage information for 

cyantraniliprole. It is anticipated that use will be widespread. Uses cover a variety of 

agricultural (e.g., tree nuts, leafy vegetables, potatoes, brassica, fruiting vegetables) and 

non-agricultural (e.g., turfgrass, ornamentals, fly bait, public health pests) scenarios. 

Application rates vary, but most seasonal maximums are 0.4 to 0.42 lb ai/A (two uses 

have maximums of 0.5 and 0.69 lb ai/A). For many of the ornamental uses, the labels 

specify a yearly maximum of 0.42; however, the agricultural crop uses express the use in 

terms of seasonal maximums. For this assessment, the seasonal maximum is assumed to 

be a yearly maximum, but this will remain a point of uncertainty. 

B. Receptors

1. Aquatic and Terrestrial Effects

Table 3 gives examples of taxonomic groups and species tested to help understand 

potential ecological effects of pesticides to non-target organisms. Within each of these 
10

very broad taxonomic groups, a measure of effect from either acute or chronic exposure 

is selected from the available test data. 

Table 3. Taxonomic Groups and Test Species Evaluated for Ecological Effects in 

Screening-Level Risk Assessments

Taxonomic Group Example(s) of Representative Species

Birds1 Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus)

Mammals Laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Terrestrial invertebrates Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)

Freshwater fish2 Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Freshwater invertebrates Water flea (Daphnia magna)

Estuarine/marine fish Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)

Estuarine/marine invertebrates Mysid (Americamysis bahia)

Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)

Terrestrial plants3 Monocots – corn (Zea mays)

Dicots – soybean (Glycine max)

Aquatic plants and algae Duckweed (Lemna gibba) 

Green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) 1 Birds represent surrogates for amphibians (terrestrial phase) and reptiles.

2 Freshwater fish may be surrogates for amphibians (aquatic phase).

3 Four species of two families of monocots, of which one is corn; six species of at least four dicot families, 

of which one is soybeans.

2. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk

The ecosystems potentially at risk include aquatic and terrestrial areas adjacent to the 

application sites and downstream. In addition, organisms that use the application site as 

part of their habitat (e.g., birds foraging for insects within application areas) are also 

considered to be part of the ecosystems potentially at risk.

C. Assessment Endpoints

FIFRA Part 158 guideline toxicity tests (CFR 40 §158.630, 2009) are intended to 

determine pesticide effects on a variety of organisms, including birds, mammals, fish, 

terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, and plants. These tests include both short-term and 

long-term exposure periods and evaluate the survival, reproduction, and/or growth of 

laboratory species. The studies, when available, are used to evaluate the potential of a 

pesticide to cause adverse effects, to determine whether further testing is required, and to 

determine the need for precautionary label statements to minimize the potential adverse 

effects to non-target animals and plants (CFR 40 §158.630, 2009). 

Assessment endpoints are intended to represent valued attributes of the environment that, 

if detrimentally altered, could pose a risk to the environment. The assessment endpoints 

of this ecological risk assessment include terrestrial and aquatic animal and plant 

mortality following acute exposure to cyantraniliprole and terrestrial and aquatic animal 

reproduction, growth and survival effects from chronic exposure to cyantraniliprole. 
11

Surrogate species are used to represent all freshwater fish (2000+) and bird (680+) 

species in the United States. For mammals, acute studies are usually limited to the 

Norway rat or the house mouse. Usually data from estuarine/marine testing are limited to 

a crustacean, a mollusk, and a fish. The assessment of risk or hazard makes the 

assumption that avian toxicity is similar to terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles, 

unless more appropriate data are available. The same assumption is made for fish and 

aquatic-phase amphibians. The most sensitive toxicity endpoints are used from surrogate 

test species to estimate treatment-related direct effects on mortality and reproductive and 

growth assessment endpoints. 

For terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants, the screening assessment endpoints for non-target 

species (crops and non-crop plant species) are based on the emergence of seedlings and 

vegetative vigor of annuals. Measures of effect for this assessment focus on alterations to 

plant emergence and/or to active growth.

For aquatic plants, the assessment endpoint is the maintenance and growth of standing 

crop or biomass. Measures of effect for this assessment focus on non-vascular, e.g., 

algae, and vascular plant, e.g., duckweed (Lemna gibba), growth rates and biomass 

measurements. 

The Agency acknowledges that pesticides have the potential to exert indirect effects upon 

listed organisms by, for example, perturbing forage or prey availability, altering the 

extent of nesting habitat, and creating gaps in the food chain. In conducting a screen for 

indirect effects, the endpoints for each taxonomic group are used to make inferences 

concerning the potential for indirect effects upon listed species that rely upon non-listed 

organisms as resources critical to their life cycle.

The endpoints are typically derived from registrant-submitted studies which have 

undergone review and were classified as “acceptable” (conducted under guideline 

conditions and considered to be scientifically valid) or “supplemental” (conditions 

deviated from guidelines but the results are considered to be scientifically valid). For 

more details on EFED’s study classification system and study guidelines, see USEPA 

2004. 

Assessment endpoints can also be derived from the open literature. Guidelines for 

incorporation of open literature into ecological risk assessments are described in USEPA 

(2004). Toxicity data from the open literature are identified via the ECOTOX1 search 

engine, maintained by the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD). To be 

included in the ECOTOX database, papers must meet several criteria. Data that pass the 

ECOTOX screen are evaluated relative to the data provided by the registrant, and may be 

incorporated qualitatively or quantitatively into the risk assessment. Specific studies may 

warrant inclusion in the risk assessment when:

(1) tested endpoints are more sensitive than those in registrant data; 

(2) the test data are based on under-represented taxa; 

 1 USEPA 2011. Ecotoxicity database http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/
12

(3) the data include ecologically relevant endpoints not normally evaluated in 

registrant studies

There was one cyantraniliprole study (Jacobson and Kennedy 2011) from the open 

literature that was identified in the public version of ECOTOX (available at: 

http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm). The study was performed on the tobacco 

thrip (Frankliniella fusca); however, it was not useable for the risk assessment because 

the dose of cyantraniliprole was given in milligrams per plant rather than on a per acre 

basis. Therefore, no ecotoxicity data from the open literature are included as assessment 

endpoints.

Although all endpoints are measured at the individual level, they can provide some 

insight about the potential for adverse effects at higher levels of biological organization 

(e.g. populations and communities). For example, pesticide effects on individual 

survivorship have important implications for both population rates and habitat carrying 

capacity.

D. Conceptual Model

The conceptual model used to depict the potential ecological risk associated with 

cyantraniliprole is fairly generic and assumes that as an insecticide, cyantraniliprole is 

capable of affecting terrestrial and aquatic organisms (animals and plants) provided 

environmental concentrations are sufficiently elevated as a result of proposed label uses. 

Therefore, the risk assessment will consider potential exposure as a result of direct 

applications, spray drift, and runoff. 

1. Risk Hypotheses

For this assessment, the risk to non-target organisms is based on potential effects from 

the application of cyantraniliprole to the environment. The Agency presumes the 

following risk hypothesis for this screening level assessment:

Based on mode of action, the proposed use patterns, and the sensitivity of nontarget aquatic and terrestrial species, the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole have 

the potential to reduce survival, reproduction, and/or growth in terrestrial and 

aquatic animals and plants through direct application, spray drift and/or runoff.

For a chemical to pose an ecological risk, it must reach non-target organisms at 

concentrations found to cause adverse effects. The analysis of ecological exposure 

pathways in this assessment includes an examination of the source and potential 

migration pathways to cyantraniliprole exposure, and the determination of potential 

adverse effects on non-target species. 
13

2. Diagram

Application methods for cyantraniliprole involve foliar spray applications via ground 

equipment and aerial equipment, seed treatments, micro sprinkler chemigation, drip 

chemigation, soil treatments, soil drenches, and baits. Ecological receptors that may 

potentially be exposed to cyantraniliprole include terrestrial and semi-aquatic wildlife 

(i.e., mammals, birds, amphibians, terrestrial invertebrates, and reptiles) and plants. In 

addition, aquatic receptors (e.g., freshwater and estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates, 

amphibians, and plants) may also be exposed as a result of potential movement of 

cyantraniliprole via spray drift and/or runoff from the site of application to aquatic 

environments. The assessment following the process depicted in Figure 1 (aquatic 

exposure) and Figure 2 (terrestrial exposure) forms the basis for identifying potential 

endpoints, stressors, and ecological effects associated with cyantraniliprole use.

Exposure to terrestrial animals is based primarily on dietary consumption of foliar 

residues while aquatic assessments assume that all major potential routes of direct 

exposure are accounted for.

Stressor

Source

Receptors

Attribute

Change

Cyantraniliprole Applications (and degradates) – All Uses

Spray drift

Aquatic animals

Invertebrates 

Vertebrates

Individual organisms

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Food chain

Reduction in algae and 

vascular plants

Reduction in prey

Modification of PCEs 

related to prey availability

Habitat integrity

Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover

Community change

Modification of PCEs related to 

habitat

Surface water/

Sediment

Runoff

Aquatic Animals

Invertebrates

Vertebrates

Exposure

Media

Uptake/gills 

or integument

Ingestion Ingestion

Atmospheric 

transport

Wet/dry deposition

Soil Leaching to

Groundwater

Uptake/gills 

or integument

Aquatic Plants

Non-vascular

Vascular

Uptake/cell, 

roots, leaves Riparian plants

terrestrial 

exposure 

pathways see 

Figure 2

Figure 1: Conceptual model depicting stressors, exposure pathways, and potential effects to aquatic organisms from 

the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole. Dotted lines indicate exposure pathways that are hypothesized to have a low 

likelihood of contributing to ecological risk.
14

Stressor

Source

Attribute

Change

Cyantraniliprole Applications (and degradates) – All Uses

Direct

application Spray drift

Terrestrial 

vertebrates

Terrestrial 

Inverts

Individual organisms

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Food chain

Reduction in prey and food

Modification of PCEs 

related to prey availability

Habitat integrity

Reduction in primary productivity

Reduced cover

Community change

Modification of PCEs related

to habitat

Terrestrial plants

grasses/forbs, fruit, seeds 

(trees, shrubs)

Runoff

Terrestrial 

vertebrates 

Exposure Media 

& Receptors Soil

Ingestion 

and contact

Ingestion

Dermal uptake/Ingestion

Atmospheric 

transport

Root uptake/contact

Wet/dry deposition

Ingestion

Leaching to

Groundwater Irrigation 

water

Figure 2: Conceptual model depicting stressors, exposure pathways, and potential effects to terrestrial organisms from 

the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole. Dotted lines indicate exposure pathways that are hypothesized to have a low 

likelihood of contributing to ecological risk.

E. Analysis Plan

As with any pesticide, there is concern regarding the potential effects cyantraniliprole use 

may pose to non-target animals and plants. This document characterizes the 

environmental fate of cyantraniliprole to assess whether its proposed label provide a 

means of exposure to non-target species. Additionally, the toxicity of cyantraniliprole is 

characterized, then both potential exposure and effects are integrated to estimate the 

likelihood of adverse effects (risk) to non-target listed and non-listed animals and plants 

that could potentially affect the registration decision of cyantraniliprole under the Federal 

Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), the Food Quality Protection Act 

(FQPA), and the Endangered Species Act (ESA).

The maximum proposed label application rates for the new uses of cyantraniliprole were 

selected for modeling environmental concentrations for this screening-level deterministic 

(risk-quotient based) assessment. The most sensitive toxicity endpoints from surrogate 

test species are used to estimate treatment-related effects on growth, and survival. The 

aquatic estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) are based on the parent and the 

ten degradates of concern using a total toxic residue (TTR) approach. Given that a 

default 35-day foliar half-life is used in the terrestrial modeling, the terrestrial EECs are 

expected to account for both the parent and its ten degradates of concern (even though 

only the parent chemical is modeled).
15

In the following sections, the environmental fate and ecological effects of 

cyantraniliprole are characterized using a risk quotient (ratio of exposure concentration to 

effects concentration) approach. Although risk is often defined as the likelihood and 

magnitude of adverse ecological effects, the risk quotient-based approach does not 

provide a quantitative estimate of likelihood and/or magnitude of an adverse effect. Such 

estimates may be possible through a more refined, probabilistic assessment; however, 

they are beyond the scope of this screening-level assessment.

1. Preliminary Identification of Data Gaps 

The following data gaps were identified in this risk assessment:

Environmental Fate: 

• No independent laboratory validation (ILV) was provided for the analytical 

methods used to determine DPX-HGW86 in air.

Ecological Effects: 

• Data were not available for the chronic toxicity to an estuarine/marine 

invertebrate species. 

2. Measures to Evaluate Risk Hypotheses and Conceptual Model

a. Measures of Exposure

To estimate risks of cyantraniliprole exposures in aquatic and terrestrial environments, all 

exposure modeling and resulting risk conclusions will be made based on maximum 

proposed application rates (Table 5). Measures of exposure are based on aquatic and 

terrestrial models that estimate environmental concentrations of cyantraniliprole using 

maximum proposed labeled application rates and application methods that have the 

greatest potential for off-site transport of the chemical. Aquatic chemical concentrations 

are estimated using PRZM/EXAMS for surface water and the Tier I model, Screening 

Concentration in Ground Water (SCI-GROW, v2.3), for groundwater. Additionally, the 

Screening Imbibition Program (SIP) and the Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR) 

are used to determine if drinking water and/or inhalation, respectively, are potentially 

significant routes of concern for terrestrial animals. The models indicated that exposure 

through the drinking water or inhalation routes are unlikely to cause acute or chronic 

effects in birds and mammals (Appendices A and B).

Exposure estimates for terrestrial animals and insects assumed to be in the target area or 

in an area exposed to spray drift for the foliar spray, bark spray, and public health uses 

are derived using the T-REX model (version 1.5.1, 8/20/2012). T-REX also models 

exposures to terrestrial wildlife via seed treatments and granular applications; these 

analyses do not consider the spray drift exposure pathway. The model incorporates the 

Kenaga nomograph, as modified by Fletcher et al. (1994), which is based on a large set 

of actual field residue data. The upper-limit values from the nomograph represent the 

95th percentile of residue values from actual field measurements (Hoerger and Kenaga 
16

1972). The Fletcher et al. (1994) modifications to the Kenaga nomograph are based on 

measured field residues from 249 published research papers, including information on 

118 species of plants, 121 pesticides, and 17 chemical classes. 

Exposure to upland and wetland plants is estimated using the TerrPlant (v1.2.1) screening 

model. The model examines spray drift and runoff as potential exposure pathways from 

a treated field adjacent to non-target species.

The Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcommittee (ROCKS) determined (DP

Barcode D404411) that parent cyantraniliprole and 10 of its degradation products (INJ9Z38, IN-NXX69, IN-QKV54, IN-RNU71, IN-JSE76, IN-JCZ38, IN-K5A78, INK5A77, IN-K5A79, and IN-PLT97) should be considered as residues of concern when 

evaluating human drinking water (see Appendix C for structures and basic information). 

These degradates will be considered in the ecological risk assessment as well.

The AgDRIFT spray drift model (v2.1.1) is used to assess exposures of organisms to 

cyantraniliprole deposited on terrestrial habitats by spray drift.

b. Measures of Effect

Measures of effect are obtained from a suite of registrant-submitted guideline studies 

conducted with a limited number of surrogate species. The test species are not intended 

to be representative of the most sensitive species but rather are selected based on their 

ability to thrive under laboratory conditions. The acute measures of effect routinely used 

for listed and non-listed animals in screening level assessments are the LD50, LC50 or 

EC50, depending on taxa (Table 3). LD stands for "Lethal Dose", and LD50 is the amount 

of a material, given all at once, that is estimated to cause the death of 50% of a group of 

test organisms. LC stands for “Lethal Concentration” and LC50 is the concentration of a 

chemical that is estimated to kill 50% of a sample population. EC stands for “Effective 

Concentration” and the EC50 is the concentration of a chemical that is estimated to 

produce some measured effect in 50% of the test population. Endpoints for chronic 

measures of exposure for listed and non-listed organisms are the NOAEL or NOAEC. 

NOAEL stands for “No Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level” and refers to the highest tested 

dose of a substance that has been reported to have no harmful (adverse) effects on a test 

population. The NOAEC (i.e., “No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Concentration”) is the 

highest test concentration at which none of the observed results were statistically 

different from the control. For non-listed plants, only acute exposures are assessed (i.e., 

EC25 for terrestrial plants and EC50 for aquatic plants). For listed terrestrial plants the 

Agency uses the EC05 or NOAEC (Table 4).

Table 4. Acute and Chronic Measures of Effect

TAXA ASSESSMENT MEASURE OF EFFECT

Aquatic Animals (freshwater fish 

and invertebrates and 

estuarine/marine fish and 

invertebrates)

Acute Lowest tested EC50 or LC50 (acute toxicity tests)

Chronic Lowest NOAEC (early life-stage or full life-cycle tests)
17

TAXA ASSESSMENT MEASURE OF EFFECT

Terrestrial Animals

Birds

Acute/Sub-acute Lowest LD50 (single oral dose) and LC50 (sub-acute 

dietary)

Chronic Lowest NOAEC (21-week reproduction test)

Terrestrial Animals

Mammals

Acute Lowest LD50 (single oral dose test)

Chronic Lowest NOAEC (two-generation reproduction test)

Terrestrial Invertebrates Acute Lowest LD50 (acute contact toxicity test)

Plants

Terrestrial non-listed (monocots 

and dicots)

Acute/Chronic Lowest EC25 (seedling emergence and vegetative vigor)

Plants

Terrestrial listed (monocots and 

dicots)

Acute/Chronic EC05 or NOAEC associated with the lowest EC25

(seedling emergence and vegetative vigor)

Plants

Aquatic non-listed (vascular and 

non-vascular)

Acute/Chronic Lowest EC50

III. ANALYSIS

A. Use Characterization

Proposed cyantraniliprole uses include: bushberries, citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, 

stone fruit, tree nuts, vegetables (bulb, corm and tuberous, cucurbit, fruiting, leafy 

brassica, and leafy non-brassica), and professional products (fly bait, indoor and outdoor 

insect control for public health pests such as cockroaches, ants, flies and termites, 

nuisance insect pests and turfgrass and ornamentals). Cyantraniliprole is applied via

foliar spray, bark spray, micro sprinkler chemigation, drip chemigation, soil drench, soil 

treatment, seed treatment, seed piece treatment, or bait. Rates are listed in Table 5. 

Table 5. Application Information from the Proposed Cyantraniliprole New Uses

Crop Product Method # apps Min 

interval

Single max 

(lb ai/A)

Seasonal 

maximum 

(lb ai/A)

Brassica vegetables A 16901B CP 

Insecticide Soil 1 NS 0.35 0.4

Brassica leafy vegetables A 16901B CP 

Insecticide Foliar (aerial, ground) 2.3a 7 days 0.175 0.4

Brassica leafy vegetables Exirel

High volume spraybroadcast by ground, low 

volume spray-aerial

3a 5 days 0.133 0.4

Bushberries Exirel High volume spray –

broadcast by ground, low 3a 5 days 0.133 0.4
18

Crop Product Method # apps Min 

interval

Single max 

(lb ai/A)

Seasonal 

maximum 

(lb ai/A)

volume spray-aerial

Citrus Exirel

High volume spraybroadcast by ground, low 

volume spray-by air, low 

volume fogger spray by 

ground

3a 7 days 0.133 0.4

Citrus Verimark Soil drench or micro 

sprinkler chemigation 2 7 daysb 0.391 0.4

Cotton Benevia

High volume spraybroadcast by ground, low

volume spray-aerial

3a 7 days 0.133 0.4

Cucurbits A 16901B CP 

Insecticide Foliar (aerial, ground) 2.3a 5 days 0.175 0.4

Cucurbits Verimark Soil application by drip 2 10 days 0.130 0.4

Cucurbits A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

Soil (furrow, at 

transplant, knifing, 

shanking, drip 

chemigation)

1 NS 0.35 0.4

Fruiting vegetables A 16901B CP 

Insecticide Foliar (aerial, ground) 2.3a 5 days 0.175 0.4

Fruiting vegetables Verimark Soil application by drip 2 5 daysc 0.130 0.4

Fruiting vegetables A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

Soil (furrow, at 

transplant, knifing, 

shanking, drip 

chemigation)

1 NS 0.35 0.4

Leafy vegetables A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

Soil (furrow, at 

transplant, knifing, 

shanking, drip 

chemigation)

1 NS 0.35 0.4

Leafy vegetables A 16901B CP 

Insecticide Foliar (aerial, ground) 2.3a 7 days 0.175 0.4

Leafy vegetables (except 

brassica) Exirel

High volume spraybroadcast by ground, low 

volume spray-aerial

3b 5 days 0.133 0.4

Oil seeds Benevia

High volume spraybroadcast, low volume 

spray-aerial

3b 7 days 0.133 0.4

Pome fruit Exirel

High volume spraybroadcast by ground, low 

volume spray-aerial

3 7 days 0.133 0.4

Potatoes

A17960A ST 

and A17960B 

ST

Seed treatment NS NS 0.697

Potatoes Verimark Seed piece treatment 1 NS 0.176 0.4

Corm and tuberous

vegetables Benevia

High volume spraybroadcast by ground or 

overhead chemigation, 

low volume spray-aerial

3b 5 days 0.133 0.4

Corm and tuberous

vegetables

A 16901B CP 

Insecticide Soil 1 NS 0.25 0.4
19

Crop Product Method # apps Min 

interval

Single max 

(lb ai/A)

Seasonal 

maximum 

(lb ai/A)

Rapeseed including 

canola varieties, mustard 

seed

Dermacor Seed treatment 1 NS 0.4 0.4

Stone fruit Exirel

High volume spraybroadcast by ground, low 

volume spray-aerial

3 7 days 0.133 0.4

Sunflower

A17960A ST 

and A17960B 

ST

Seed treatment NS NS 0.0161 0.016

Tree nuts Exirel

High volume spraybroadcast by ground, low 

volume spray-aerial

3 7 days 0.133 0.4

Bulb vegetables Benevia

High volume spraybroadcast by ground or 

overhead chemigation, 

low volume spray-aerial

3b 5 days 0.133 0.4

Flowerbeds and 

groundcovers

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

Broadcast (ground) 2b 7 daysd 0.208 0.42

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators

A 16901B 

Residential Foliar 2 7 days 0.139 0.26

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes

Mainspring Foliar (ground) 1.6b 14 days 0.26 0.42

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes

Mainspring Soil drench 1.6b 14 days 0.26 0.42

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

Foliar (ground)

Bark application NS 7 days 0.42 0.42

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

Soil treatment (drench 

and injection) NS NS 0.42 lb 

ai/A5 0.42 lb ai/A

Trees (including nonbearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, 

foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, 

interior plantscape plants

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

Soil treatment (drench 

and injection) NS NS 0.42 lb 

ai/A5

0.42 (per 

year)
20

Crop Product Method # apps Min 

interval

Single max 

(lb ai/A)

Seasonal 

maximum 

(lb ai/A)

Trees (including nonbearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, 

bedding plants, flowering 

plants, flowers, foliage 

plants, groundcovers, 

vines, interior plantscape 

plants, vegetable 

transplants (fruiting, 

leafy, tuberous, corm)

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

Foliar (ground) NS NS 0.42 0.42 (per 

year)

Turf , golf courses, 

residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, 

parks, playgrounds, 

athletic fields, sod farms

A 16901B 

Turf Broadcast (ground) 2 30 days 0.26 0.42

Grassy, weedy, mulched, 

or bare soil areas in and 

around greenhouses, 

nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and 

shade house, under trees 

and shrubs that are being 

grown in-ground

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

Broadcast (ground) 1.6b 30 dayse 0.26 0.42 (per 

year)

Fly control bait HGW86 Fly 

Control Bait Broadcast (ground) NS 7 days 0.087 lb ai/A 0.44

Public health insect 

control

HGW86 SC 

Insect 

Control

Spot, crack and crevice 

spray

NS 7 days 0.425 0.42

Potted ornamentals

HGW86 

GH&N Insect 

Control

Soil drench NS NS 0.55 0.5 (per 

year)9

Potted ornamentals Mainspring Soil drench NS NS 0.139 0.26

NS – not specified 1

Based on 0.00000044 lb ai/seed * 4 lb seed/A * 9000 seeds/lb (USEPA 2011b)

5

Based on seasonal maximum application rate 7

Based on 0.00013 lb ai/lb potato * 5271 lb potato/A (T-REX) 9

Based on communication with registrant

a

Assumed based on seasonal maximum rate

b

Assumed based on citrus foliar use

c

Assumed based on fruiting vegetable foliar use d

Assumed based on other ornamental uses

e

Assumed based on turf use

B. Exposure Characterization

Cyantraniliprole is a new systemic, cross-spectrum insecticide belonging to the diamide 

class of chemistry, moving both in the xylem and phloem of vascular plants. Its major 

routes of dissipation include alkaline hydrolysis, photo degradation in aqueous and moist 

soil environments, and aerobic and anaerobic biotransformation in terrestrial and aquatic 
21

environments. The most prominent dissipation pathways include alkaline hydrolysis and 

aqueous photolysis with calculated half lives reported in hours. Table 6 provides a 

summary of cyantraniliprole’s environmental fate profile.

Table 6. Environmental Fate Profile Summary for Cyantraniliprole

Parameter Value MRID #

Common name Cyantraniliprole 48894801

CAS number 736994-63-1 48894801

Chemical name 3-Bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-

1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

48894801

Chemical Class

Chemical Category

Diamide

Insecticide 48894801

Empirical formula C19H14BrClN6O2 48894801

Structure 48894801

Molecular Mass 473.72 g/mole 48119904

Water Solubility (20°C) 14.2 mg/L (R.O. water) 48119901

Vapor pressure (20°C) 3.85 x 10-17 mm Hg 48122593

Henry’s Law Constant(20°C) 1.70 x 10-18atm m3

/mol 48119907

Partition coefficient (Pow) 79 (log Pow = 1.9) 48119904

Dissociation Constant pKa = 8.8 48119909

Hydrolysis (t1/2)

(25°C)

pH 4 = 222 days

pH 7 = 31 days

pH 9 = 0.86 days (21 hrs)

48119905

Aqueous Photolysis (t1/2) 0.33 days (8 hrs) 48119906

Soil Photolysis 12.5 days (moist soil)

stable (dry soil)

48120082

48120046

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 

(t1/2)

16.2 days

89.4 days 48120045

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism (t1/2) 4.3 days 48120047

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(t1/2)

3.9 days

25.1 days

48120049

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 

(t1/2)

2.4 days 

12 days

48120071

48120081

Soil Partition Coefficient (Koc) 241 mL/g o.c (mean) 48120073

N

N

N

N

H

O

Cl

Br

HN O

N
22

Parameter Value MRID #

Terrestrial Field Dissipation 

(DT50)

3.5-10.2 days (CA)

3.4-9.7 days (WA)

6-44 days (MO)

21.6 days (NY)

16.7 days (TX)

13.5 days (Canada)

48120055

48120054

48120056

48120053

88120058

48120057

Bioaccumulation in Fish

(BCF) < 1 in fillet, carcass & whole fish 48120139

1. Environmental Fate and Transport Characterization

a. Degradation

Considering abiotic degradation, cyantraniliprole’s hydrolytic degradation appears to be 

pH dependent, with degradation increasing with increasing pH (alkinity). This is evident 

in the DT50 profile. The DT50 values decrease from 222 days (stable) at pH 4 to 31 days 

at pH 7 to 0.86 days at pH 9 (T = 25oC; MRID 48119905). 

Photo degradation appears to be a major degradation pathway in aqueous and moist soil 

environments. The aqueous photolysis study shows a photo transformation half-life of 

about 7.9 hours or 0.33 days (MRID 48119906). Soil photolysis studies were conducted 

with both a moist soil where soil moisture was maintained and an air-dried soil where the 

soil was allowed to air-dry over time. The moist-soil DT50 value was 12.5 days (MRID 

48120082) whereas the compound was considered stable in the air-dried soil photolysis 

study since the extrapolated half-life of 308 days was well beyond the duration of the 15 

day study period (MRID 48120046). 

Biodegradation is an effective dissipation pathway for cyantraniliprole, with anaerobic 

biodegradation occurring at a faster rate than aerobic biodegradation in terrestrial and 

aquatic environments. However, alkaline hydrolysis may contribute to some dissipation 

since the lower DT50 values are associated with higher pHs. Illustrating this point, 

aerobic system DT50 values ranged from 16.2 days in a silty clay loam soil (pH 8.05) to 

89.4 days in a sandy loam soil (pH 4.62) in an aerobic soil metabolism study conducted at 

20oC (MRID 48120045). In addition, the DT50 values ranged from 3.9 days in a silt loam 

sediment-water system (pH 7.7) to 25.1 days in a loamy sand sediment-water system (pH 

5.6) in an aerobic aquatic metabolism study conducted at 20oC (MRID 48120049). It is 

important to note, other than the degradate IN-JCZ38, all other aerobic soil metabolism 

degradate half life values are significantly longer than the parent cyantraniliprole (Table 

7).

In anaerobic systems, the DT50 value was 4.3 days in a sandy loam soil (pH 8.05) 

conducted in an anaerobic soil metabolism study conducted at 20oC (MRID 48120047). 

In addition, the DT50 values ranged from 2.4 days in a sandy loam sediment-water system 

(pH 6.9; MRID 48120071) to 12 days in a sandy sediment-water system (pH 6.6) in an 

anaerobic aquatic metabolism study conducted at 20oC (MRID 48120081
23

Table 7. Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-Life Summaries for Cyantraniliprole and its 

Degradates

Chemical ID Soil Texture DT50 (days) MRID

Cyantraniliprole

Gross-Umstadt

Sassafras

Lleida

Silt Loam

Sandy Loam

Silty Clay Loam

41.2

89.4

16.2

48120045

IN-J9Z38

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Silt Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Silty Clay Loam

Silty Clay Loam

118

77.1

200

104

179

48120060

IN-JCZ38

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Silt Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Silty Clay Loam

Silty Clay Loam

11.6

3.48

10.1

4.81

9.41

48120061

IN-JSE76

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Silt Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Silty Clay Loam

Silty Clay Loam

219

84.9

336

157

840

48120062

IN-K5A77

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Silt Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Silty Clay Loam

Silty Clay Loam

294

23.8

340

25.9

78.6

48120064

IN-K5A78

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Silt Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Silty Clay Loam

Silty Clay Loam

308

1055

94

517

241

48120063

IN-K5A79

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Loam

Loam

Sandy Loam

Silty Clay

Silty Clay

46

25

107

19

131

48120070

IN-PLT97

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Loam

Sandy Loam

Loam

Silty Clay

Silty Clay Loam

1638

711

1837

439

429

48120074

IN-QKV54

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Loam

Sandy Loam

Loamy Sand

Clay

Silty Clay Loam

1187

139

462

58

184

48120083

IN-RNU71

Gross-Umstadt

Nambshiem

Sassafras

Lleida

Tama

Loam

Sandy Loam

Loamy Sand

Clay

Silty Clay Loam

107

42

400

43

28

48120087

Rate of degradation in aerobic soils at 20 degrees C and 40-60% MWHC except for IN-K5A79 which 

was studied at 19 degrees C (Sassafras) and 24 degrees C (all other soils) and 40-60% MWHC.

 Chemical structures for the parent compound and its principle degradates can be found 

in Appendix C.
24

b. Mobility and Transport

Cyantraniliprole appears not to volatilize. This is supported by its solubility (14.2 mg/L 

at 20oC; MRID 48119901) and low vapor pressure (3.85 x 10-17 mm Hg at 20oC; MRID 

48122593) and Henry’s Law constant (1.7 x 10-18 atm*m3/mol at 20oC; MRID 

48119907). In addition, bioaccumulation data indicate that cyantraniliprole is not likely 

to bioaccumulate (BCF <1 in whole fish, MRID 48120139). 

Batch equilibrium studies have been conducted with the same soils on cyantraniliprole 

and its degradates. Cyantraniliprole is characterized as being moderately mobile based 

on its organic carbon partition coefficient (Koc = 157 to 376 mL/goc; MRID 48120073) in 

the test soils (FAO Classification; USEPA, 2006). Cyantraniliprole degradates have 

measured Koc values ranging from 14 to 32,152 mL/g organic carbon indicating that 

some degradates are more mobile than the parent and some are less mobile than the 

parent (Table 8) and would be likely to sorb to organic matter in soil and sediments.

Table 8. FAO Mobility Classification of Cyantraniliprole and its Degradates

Mobility Class Chemical ID Koc Range

(mL/goc)

Mean Koc

(mL/goc) MRID

Mobile IN-JSE76 14-65 30 48120067

IN-K5A79 24-85 46 48120072

Moderately Mobile

IN-RNU71 104-181 146 48120088

IN-JCZ38 124-482 239 48120066

DPX-HGW86* 157-376 241 48120073

Moderately Mobile -

Slightly Mobile

IN-K5A78 412-2545 1048 48120068

IN-PLT97 701-5029 2044 48120075

Slightly Mobile -

Hardly Mobile

IN-J9Z38 4500-18526 8705 48120065

IN-K5A77 3707-25306 9611 48120069

IN-QKV54 8571-32152 14481 48120086

* DPX-HGW86 represents the chemical ID for the parent cyantraniliprole.

c. Field Studies

In terrestrial field dissipation studies, cyantraniliprole dissipated with DT50s ranging from 

3.4 to 44 days (Table 9). Seven degradates formed as cyantraniliprole degraded 

including IN-J9Z38, IN-JCZ38, IN-JSE76, IN-K5A77, IN-K5A78, IN-K5A79 and INPLT97. The majority of residues detected was confined to the uppermost soil layers (0-2 

to 2-6 inches) with a small amount of the parent or degradates detected below the 12 inch 

soil layer, indicating a general lack of downward mobility or leaching under the study 

conditions. The most common degradates formed were IN-J9Z38 (~10%), IN-JCZ38 

(~8%), IN-JSE76 (~10%), and IN-K5A78 (~10%). Table 9 illustrates the DT50 profile.
25

Table 9. Terrestrial Field Dissipation Half-Life Summaries

MRID Location

Duration Plot Type DT50

(days)

48120055 CA (539 days) Bare Soil

Cropped Lettuce

10.2

3.5

48120054 WA (534 days) Bare Soil

Cropped Potato

9.7

3.4

48120056 MO (541 days) Bare Soil

Cropped Alfalfa

44.0

6.0

48120053 NY (514 days) Bare Soil 21.6

48120058 TX (539 days) Bare Soil 16.7

48120057 CANADA (502 days) Bare Soil 13.5

d. Degradates

Eight major degradates (e.g., those present at ≥10% applied radioactivity) of 

cyantraniliprole include: IN-J9Z38, IN-NXX69, IN-QKV54, IN-RNU71, IN-JSE76, INJCZ38, IN-K5A78, and IN-PLT97. The majority of these degradates formed under both 

microbial-mediated and abiotic processes. The degradates IN-J9Z38, IN-RNU71, INJSE76, IN-JCZ38, and IN-K5A78 continued to increase over time to the termination of 

various fate studies. In addition, IN-K5A77, IN-K5A79, and IN-PLT97 were detected in 

terrestrial field studies, making it important to consider them as residues of concern. 

Consequently, the Health Effects Division's Residues of Concern Knowledgebase 

Subcommittee (ROCKS) has determined (DP 404411) that the following 10 degradates 

are of concern and they will be considered as part of this risk assessment. The residues of 

concern include: IN-J9Z38, IN-NXX69, IN-QKV54, IN-RNU71, IN-JSE76, IN-JCZ38, 

IN-K5A78, IN-PLT97, IN-K5A77 and IN-K5A79. Therefore, the EECs represent the 

combined residues of the insecticide cyantraniliprole plus these 10 degradation products. 

For structures of the degradates and the parent, please see Appendix C.

e. Total Toxic Residues (TTR) 

To follow the total toxic residue (TTR) approach, half lives were recalculated to 

collectively account for the parent and the combined residues of concern. These values 

will be utilized in PRZM/EXAM modeling to generate aquatic exposure estimates. TTR 

half lives for aqueous photolysis, aerobic soil metabolism and aerobic aquatic metabolism 

correspond to 88 days, 1327 days, 589 days and 961 days, respectively. The hydrolysis 

half life was considered stable since a half life could not be calculated due to the lack of 

degradation needed to fit a degradation curve. In addition, the lowest Koc value of 14 

mL/g o.c., was selected among parent and degradate batch equilibrium studies. 
26

2. Measures of Aquatic Exposure

a. Aquatic Exposure Modeling

The Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM; v3.12.2, May 2005) and the Exposure Analysis 

Model System (EXAMS; v2.98.4.6, April 2005) are screening simulation models coupled 

with the PRZM/EXAMS (PE) graphical user interface (v5.0, November 2006) to 

generate daily exposures and 1-in-10-year EECs of cyantraniliprole TTR that may occur 

in surface water bodies adjacent to application sites receiving cyantraniliprole through 

runoff and spray drift. PRZM simulates pesticide application, movement and 

transformation on an agricultural field and the resultant pesticide loadings to a receiving 

water body via runoff, erosion, and spray drift; EXAMS simulates the fate of the 

pesticide and resulting concentrations in the water body. The standard watershed 

geometry used for ecological pesticide assessments assumes application to a 10-hectare 

agricultural field that drains into an adjacent 1-hectare water body that is 2 meters deep 

(20,000 m3 volume) with no outlet. The composite model PRZM/EXAMS is used to 

estimate screening-level exposure of aquatic organisms to cyantraniliprole. The measure 

of exposure for aquatic species is the 1-in-10-year peak or rolling mean concentration. 

The 1-in-10-year peak is used for estimating acute exposures of direct effects to aquatic 

organisms. The 1-in-10-year 60-day mean is used for assessing the effects to fish and 

aquatic-phase amphibians from chronic exposure. The 1-in-10-year 21-day mean is used 

for assessing the effects on aquatic invertebrates from chronic exposure.

Since there was no PRZM/EXAM scenario available to model fly and insect control 

applications, the Generic Estimate Environmental Concentration 2 (GENEEC2) model 

was employed. The GENEEC2 model is a Tier I model which uses the soil/water 

partition coefficient and degradation kinetic data to estimate runoff from a 10-hectare 

field into a 1-hectare by 2-meter deep "standard" pond. Additional information on this 

and other models can be found at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm.

Registrant-submitted acute toxicity data were available for nine of the ten degradates 

identified by the ROCKS committee (USEPA 2012c and DP 404411) and indicated that 

the degradates were less toxic than the parent for freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia 

magna). One chronic endpoint was available for the most toxic of the degradates and it 

was also much less toxic than the parent. The implications of these data are discussed 

further in the Risk Description section. No data were available for other aquatic species, 

thus ECOSAR was used to predict the toxicity of the degradates for other aquatic species

(fish, estuarine/marine invertebrates, aquatic plants). However, its predictions were poor

when compared with actual toxicity data. Given that toxicity information was not 

available for fish, estuarine/marine invertebrates, and aquatic plants, and that ECOSAR 

was deemed unreliable, it is assumed that the toxicity of the ten degradates are equivalent

to the parent compound and EECs for all aquatic organisms will be generated using the 

total toxic residues (TTR) approach. This approach was used to determine the 

environmental fate data parameters for modeling in conjunction with the Guidance for 

Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of 
27

Pesticides, Version 2.1, October 22, 2009 and the draft Guidance for Modeling Pesticides 

Total Toxic Residues (TTR) May 20, 2009. 

The environmental fate properties used for modeling the combined residues are 

summarized in Table 10. 

Table 10. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters for Cyantraniliprole
28

Input Parameter: Value: Comment: Source:

Scenario(s):

Brassica Vegetables: 

CA Cole Crop

Bushberries: 

NY Grapes

Citrus: 

FL Citrus

Cotton: 

CA, MS, NC Cotton

Cucurbits: 

FL Cucumber

Fruiting Vegetables: 

CA Pepper

CA, FL, PA Tomato

Leafy Vegetables: 

CA Lettuce

Oil Seeds: 

ND Canola

ND Wheat

Pome Fruit: 

NC, OR, PA Apple

CA Fruit

Potatoes: 

ID, ME Potato

Corm and Tuberous Vegetables: 

ID, ME Potato

Rapeseed, Mustard Seed: 

ND Canola

ND Wheat

Stone Fruit: 

MI Cherry

GA Peaches

CA Fruit

Sunflower: 

ND Canola

ND Wheat

Tree Nuts: 

CA Almonds

GA Pecans

Bulb Vegetables: 

CA, GA Onions

Flowerbeds and Groundcovers: 

CA, FL, MI, NJ, OR, TN Nursery

Trees: 

OR Christmas Tree

Turf, Golf Courses, Lawns, etc.: 

FL, PA Turf

Potted Ornamentals: 

CA, FL, MI, NJ, OR, TN Nursery

representative scenarios for each use EFED Scenarios

Maximum Single 

Application Rate

lbs a.i./acre (kg a.i./ha)

Ranges from Table 5: 

0.016 (0.018) to 

0.690 (0.775)

See Table 5 for proposed rates.

Proposed labels

Applications per Year Varies from 1 to 5, depending on 

crop and product (Table 5)

Label directions. Label specifies rates per 

crop. If there are multiple crops grown per 

year, yearly rates may be higher. 

Proposed labels

Application Interval (days) Varies from 5 to 30, depending on 

crop and product (Table 5) Label directions Proposed labels
29

Input Parameter: Value: Comment: Source:

Date of Initial Application

(scenario: day-month) Varies (Table 5)

For most crops, the date of initial application 

was calculated from the harvest date from the 

crop profile and the Pre-Harvest Interval (PHI) 

and number and interval of applications from 

the proposed label. Where a pre-harvest 

interval was not provided, an interval of 1 day 

was assumed. Two weeks prior to crop 

emergence was assumed as the date of initial 

application for seed treatments. For 

ornamental and tree scenarios, an arbitrary date 

of April 15 was assumed as the date of initial 

application.

Crop Scenarios and 

proposed labels

Application Method

Aerial (foliar)

Ground (foliar)

Chemigation

label directions

Proposed labels

CAM Input

2 (foliar: aerial and ground)

1 (chemigation)

4 (seed treatment) 

(1) Soil applied, default incorporation depth, 

linearly decreasing with depth (2) linear foliar 

based on crop canopy (4) soil applied, user 

defined incorporation depth (seed treatment)

US EPA, 2005

IPSCND Input

Brassica Vegetables: 2

Bushberries: 3

Citrus: 3

Cotton: 1

Cucurbits: 3 

Fruiting Vegetables: 3

Leafy Vegetables: 2

Oil Seeds: 1

Pome Fruit: 3

Potatoes: 2

Corm and Tuberous Vegetables: 2

Rapeseed, Mustard Seed: 1

Stone Fruit: 3

Sunflower: 1

Tree Nuts: 3

Bulb Vegetables: 2

Flowerbeds and Groundcovers: 3

Trees: 3

Turf: 1

Potted Ornamentals:3

...remaining pesticide on foliage is (1) 

converted to surface application to the top soil 

layer, (2) completely removed after harvest, (3) 

is retained as surface residue and continues to 

decay. This input only applies to foliar 

applications (CAM 2).

US EPA, 2005

Spray Drift Fraction

0.05 (aerial)

0.01 (ground)

0 (chemigation, seed treatment)

--

Input parameter guidance 

(USEPA, 2009a) 

Application Efficiency

0.95 (aerial)

0.99 (ground)

1.0 (chemigation, seed treatment)

--

Input parameter guidance 

(USEPA, 2009a)

Incorporation Depth

Inches (cm)

Potato: 2.0” (5.08 cm)

Rapeseed: 0.5” (1.27 cm)

Sunflower: 1.0” (2.54 cm)

Seed treatment use info

Proposed Labels

Molecular Mass (g/mol) 473.72 -- MRID 48119904

Vapor Pressure (torr) 3.85 x 10-17 20°C MRID 48122593

Henry’s Law Constant

(atm-m3/mol) 1.70 x 10-18 20°C MRID 48119907

Solubility in Water (mg/L) 14.2 R.O. water at 20°C MRID 48119901
30

Input Parameter: Value: Comment: Source:

Organic Carbon Partition 

Coefficient (KOC) (L/kgOC) 14 Lowest Koc value among parent and degradates MRID 48120067

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 

Half-life (days) 1327

value represents the upper 90% confidence 

limit on the mean value of total toxic residue 

(TTR) values (3 soils).

MRID 48120045

Aerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life (days) 589

value represents the upper 90% confidence 

limit on the mean value of total toxic residue 

(TTR) values.

MRID 48120049

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism Half-life (days) 961

value represents the upper 90% confidence 

limit on the mean value of total toxic residue 

(TTR) values (2 systems).

MRID 48120071

MRID 48120081

Hydrolysis Half-lives (days) 0 (stable) Half life could not be calculated because of the 

stability of combined residues

MRID 48119905

Aqueous Photolysis

Half-life (days) 88

value represents the upper 90% confidence 

limit on the mean value of total toxic residue 

(TTR) values.

MRID 48119906

Where the TTR approach was identified, half lives were recalculated to account for the parent including the identified residues of concern. 

Draft Guidance for Modeling Pesticides Total Toxic Residues (TTR) in addition to the NAFTA Guidance for Evaluating and Calculating 

Degradation Kinetics in Environmental Media were utilized.

The aquatic EECs for the various scenarios and application practices are listed in Tables 

11 and 12. See Appendix D for a representative output from PRZM/EXAMS. Peak 

surface water EECs ranged from 0.23 to 38 μg/L and peak pore water EECs ranged from 

0.22 to 37 μg/L for application to the proposed cyantraniliprole uses.

Table 11. Cyantraniliprole Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) for 

Surface Water

Proposed Label 

Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Brassica 

vegetables

CA Cole Crop

(Jan 30) C A 16901B CP Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 22.58 22.45 22.19

Brassica leafy 

vegetables

CA Cole Crop

(Feb 14)

A

A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

21.01 20.89 20.66

G 17.03 16.94 16.75

Brassica leafy 

vegetables

CA Cole Crop

(Feb 18)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

16.90 16.81 16.64

G 12.83 12.77 12.65

Bushberries NY Grapes

(Oct 2)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

13.28 13.24 13.17

G 8.71 8.69 8.64

Citrus FL Citrus

(Dec 16)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

16.66 15.58 15.30

G 14.64 13.58 13.34

Citrus FL Citrus

(Dec 30) C Verimark 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 11.01 10.13 9.98
31

Proposed Label 

Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Cotton

CA Cotton

(Oct 21)

A

Benevia 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

9.21 9.16 8.98

G 6.11 6.09 5.96

MS Cotton

(Sept 1)

A 29.45 29.07 28.50

G 27.33 29.96 26.44

NC Cotton

(Oct 11 )

A 37.97 37.78 37.42

G 35.58 35.40 35.06

Cucurbits FL Cucumber

(Oct 31)

A A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

33.01 32.66 31.82

G 31.79 31.38 30.57

Cucurbits FL Cucumber

(Nov 29) C Verimark 2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre(10-day interval) 5.33 5.14 4.21

Cucurbits FL Cucumber

(Dec 9) C A 16901B CP Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 9.66 9.56 7.91

Fruiting 

vegetables

FL Peppers

(Nov 20)

A

A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

15.89 15.74 14.56

G 14.22 14.09 12.65

CA Tomato

(Aug 21)

A 15.91 15.70 15.50

G 13.20 12.86 12.70

FL Tomato

(May 4)

A 25.73 25.37 24.67

G 24.08 23.74 23.10

PA Tomato

(Oct 4)

A 28.14 28.07 27.95

G 24.87 24.81 24.71

Fruiting 

vegetables

FL Peppers

(Nov 25) C

Verimark 2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

5.03 4.98 4.38

CA Tomato

(Aug 26) C 1.47 1.46 1.40

FL Tomato

(May 9) C 10.17 10.04 9.78

PA Tomato

(Oct 9) C 12.51 12.48 12.43

Fruiting 

vegetables

FL Peppers

(Nov 1) C

A 16901B CP 

Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre

25.64 25.42 25.00

CA Tomato

(Aug 2) C 0.28 0.27 0.27

FL Tomato

(April 15) C 16.79 16.54 16.08
32

Proposed Label 

Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

PA Tomato

(Sept 15) C 10.97 10.93 10.87

Leafy vegetables CA Lettuce

(April 12) C A 16901B CP Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 16.04 15.95 15.30

Leafy vegetables CA Lettuce

(April 21)

A A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

14.09 14.02 13.87

G 10.37 10.32 10.22

Leafy vegetables 

(except Brassica)

CA Lettuce

(May 1)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

10.90 10.83 10.69

G 6.81 6.78 6.71

Oil seeds

ND Canola

(Aug 4)

A

Benevia 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

22.41 22.25 22.02

G 18.31 18.18 17.97

ND Wheat

(July 15)

A 25.47 25.35 25.24

G 21.54 21.49 21.40

Pome fruit

CA Fruit

(Oct 8)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

4.98 4.96 4.93

G 1.63 1.63 1.61

NC Apple

(Oct 14)

A 19.78 19.69 19.54

G 16.27 16.20 16.07

OR Apple

(Sept 28)

A 12.78 12.73 12.63

G 8.45 8.43 8.35

PA Apple

(July 15)

A 14.53 14.36 14.07

G 11.01 10.91 10.73

Potatoes

ID Potato

(May 18) S A17960A ST 

and A17960B 

ST

1 app at 0.690 lb a.i./acre3

6.53 6.51 6.45

ME Potato

(May 18) S 8.96 8.90 8.77

Potatoes

ID Potato

(May 18) S

Verimark 1 app at 0.176 lb a.i./acre

1.67 1.66 1.65

ME Potato

(May 18) S 2.29 2.27 2.24

Corm and 

tuberous 

vegetables

ID Potato

(Aug 29)

A

Benevia

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

19.26 19.14 18.98

G 14.52 14.43 14.32

ME Potato

(Sept 18)

A 25.49 25.43 25.33

G 20.54 20.49 20.41

Corm and 

tuberous 

ID Potato

(Sept 14) C A 16901B CP Insecticide 1 app at 0.250 lb a.i./acre 6.90 6.88 6.85
33

Proposed Label 

Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

vegetables ME Potato

(Oct 4) C 10.67 10.65 10.60

Rapeseed 

including canola 

varieties, 

mustard seed

ND Canola

(May 2) S

Dermacor 1 app at 0.400 lb a.i./acre

19.82 19.72 19.61

ND Wheat

(May 2) S 36.53 36.44 36.26

Stone fruit

MI Cherry

(July 4)

A

Exirel

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

19.10 18.98 18.74

G 14.33 14.23 14.07

GA Peaches

(Aug 14)

A 6.11 6.03 5.91

G 3.33 3.31 3.28

CA Fruit

(July 15)

A 6.30 6.01 5.90

G 3.40 3.11 3.07

Sunflower

ND Canola

(May 2) S A17960A ST 

and A17960B 

ST

1 app at 0.016 lb a.i./acre2

0.45 0.45 0.45

ND Wheat

(May 2) S 0.84 0.84 0.84

Tree nuts

CA Almonds

(Aug 25)

A

Exirel

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

11.02 10.97 10.87

G 8.48 8.44 8.35

GA Pecans

(Sept 12)

A 19.27 19.18 19.01

G 17.18 17.10 16.94

Bulb vegetables

CA Onion

(June 4)

A

Benevia

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

6.07 5.96 5.77

G 3.17 3.12 3.03

GA Onion

(June 4)

A 20.84 20.59 20.11

G 18.40 18.21 17.76

Flowerbeds and 

groundcovers

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

2 apps at 0.208 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

5.45 5.41 2.59

FL Nursery

(April 15) 16.09 15.96 16.65

MI Nursery

(April 15) 16.27 16.20 15.98

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 14.09 14.03 13.84

OR Nursery

(April 15) 4.25 4.22 4.18
34

Proposed Label 

Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

TN Nursery

(April 15) 12.20 12.11 11.91

Ornamentals 

treated by 

commercial and 

consumer 

applicators

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G A 16901B 

Residential

2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre4 

(7-day interval)

3.40 3.37 3.30

FL Nursery

(April 15) 10.04 9.95 9.77

MI Nursery

(April 15) 10.15 10.11 9.98

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 8.79 8.75 8.64

OR Nursery

(April 15) 2.65 2.64 2.61

TN Nursery

(April 15) 7.61 7.56 7.43

Ornamental 

plants, fruit and 

nut trees (nonbearing) and 

forest seedlings 

grown in 

greenhouses, lath 

and shade 

houses, 

containers, field 

nurseries and 

interiorscapes

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G Mainspring

2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(14-day interval)

3.45 3.42 3.33

FL Nursery

(April 15) 6.79 6.73 6.58

MI Nursery

(April 15) 10.24 10.19 10.11

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 9.07 9.03 8.91

OR Nursery

(April 15) 2.72 2.71 2.68

TN Nursery

(April 15) 7.62 7.57 7.44

Ornamental 

plants, fruit and 

nut trees (nonbearing) and 

forest seedlings 

grown in 

greenhouses, lath 

and shade 

houses, 

containers, field 

nurseries and 

interiorscapes

CA Nursery

(April 15)

C Mainspring

2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(14-day interval)

0.41 0.40 0.40

FL Nursery

(April 15) 3.65 3.60 3.50

MI Nursery

(April 15) 7.69 7.66 7.55

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 5.92 5.87 5.82

OR Nursery

(April 15) 1.49 1.49 1.47

TN Nursery

(April 15) 6.94 6.88 6.75

Ornamental 

plants (exterior 

landscapes and 

interior 

plantscapes

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre

5.94 5.91 5.84

FL Nursery

(April 15) 10.20 10.12 9.90

MI Nursery

(April 15) 16.26 16.17 16.03

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 18.54 18.47 18.25

OR Nursery

(April 15) 4.21 4.19 4.15

TN Nursery

(April 15) 10.60 10.55 10.40
35

Proposed Label 

Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Ornamental 

plants (exterior 

landscapes and 

interior 

plantscapes

CA Nursery

(April 15)

C

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre

1.28 1.27 1.26

FL Nursery

(April 15) 6.31 6.25 6.11

MI Nursery

(April 15) 13.19 13.15 13.02

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 12.50 12.43 12.26

OR Nursery

(April 15) 1.90 1.90 1.89

TN Nursery

(April 15) 9.14 9.09 8.95

Trees (including 

non-bearing fruit 

and nut trees), 

shrubs, 

evergreens, 

foliage plants,

groundcovers, 

vines, interior 

plantscape plants

OR Christmas 

Trees

(April 15)

C

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre 0.23 0.23 0.23

Trees (including 

non-bearing fruit 

and nut trees), 

shrubs, 

evergreens, 

bedding plants, 

flowering plants, 

flowers, foliage 

plants, 

groundcovers, 

vines, interior 

plantscape 

plants, vegetable 

transplants 

(fruiting, leafy, 

tuberous, corm)

OR Christmas 

Trees

(April 15)

G

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre 1.77 1.76 1.74

Turf , golf 

courses, 

residential lawns, 

commercial 

grounds, parks, 

playgrounds, 

athletic fields, 

sod farms

FL Turf

(Feb 15)

G A 16901B 

Turf

2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(30-day interval)

1.39 1.37 1.35

CA Turf

(April 15) 1.46 1.45 1.43

Grassy, weedy, 

mulched, or bare 

soil areas in and 

around 

greenhouses, 

nurseries, interior 

FL Turf

(Feb 15)

G

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.233 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.187 lb a.i./acre

(30-day interval)

2.21 2.19 2.15

CA Turf

(April 15) 2.46 2.44 2.41
36

Proposed Label 

Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

plantscapes, lath 

and shade house, 

under trees and 

shrubs that are 

being grown inground

Fly control bait GENEEC E HGW86 Fly 

Control Bait

5 apps at 0.087 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval) 23.67 23.49 23.16

Public health 

insect control GENEEC E HGW86 SC Insect Control 1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre 23.02 22.85 22.52

Potted 

ornamentals

CA Nursery

(April 15)

C

HGW86 

GH&N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.500 lb a.i./acre

1.52 1.51 1.49

FL Nursery

(April 15) 7.51 7.44 7.28

MI Nursery

(April 15) 15.71 15.66 15.51

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 14.89 14.80 14.60

OR Nursery

(April 15) 2.27 2.26 2.24

TN Nursery

(April 15) 10.88 18.82 10.65

Potted 

ornamentals

CA Nursery

(April 15)

C Mainspring 2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(14-day interval)

0.41 0.40 0.40

FL Nursery

(April 15) 3.65 3.60 3.50

MI Nursery

(April 15) 7.69 7.66 7.55

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 5.92 5.87 5.82

OR Nursery

(April 15) 1.49 1.49 1.47

TN Nursery

(April 15) 6.94 6.88 6.75

1 A = foliar aerial application modeled as 95% application efficiency, 5% spray drift; G = foliar ground application 

modeled as 99% application efficiency, 1% spray drift; C = chemigation modeled as 100% application efficiency, 0% 

spray drift, E = Tier 1 GENEEC Model was utilized. S = Seed Treatment modeled as 100% application efficiency, 0% 

spray drift

2 Based on 0.00000044 lb ai/seed * 4 lb seed/A * 9000 seeds/lb (USEPA 2011b). 3 Based on 0.00013 lb ai/lb potato * 

5271 lb potato/A (T-REX). 4 Based on communication with registrant.

Table 12. Cyantraniliprole Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) for 

Sediment Pore Water

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Brassica 

vegetables

CA Cole Crop

(Jan 30) C A 16901B CP Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 20.24 20.14 20.00
37

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Brassica leafy 

vegetables

CA Cole Crop

(Feb 14)

A

A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

19.07 19.07 19.04

G 15.42 15.41 15.39

Brassica leafy 

vegetables

CA Cole Crop

(Feb 18)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

15.44 15.44 15.41

G 11.70 11.69 11.68

Bushberries NY Grapes

(Oct 2)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

12.90 12.89 12.57

G 8.51 8.50 8.29

Citrus FL Citrus

(Dec 16)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

13.23 13.23 13.19

G 11.46 11.46 11.43

Citrus FL Citrus

(Dec 30) C Verimark 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 9.24 9.23 9.21

Cotton

CA Cotton

(Oct 21)

A

Benevia 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

8.33 8.33 8.32

G 5.45 5.45 5.44

MS Cotton

(Sept 1)

A 25.72 25.71 25.66

G 23.79 23.78 23.78

NC Cotton

(Oct 11 )

A 34.01 33.76 33.67

G 31.80 31.47 31.36

Cucurbits FL Cucumber

(Oct 31)

A A 16901B CP

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

25.54 25.45 25.32

G 24.32 24.23 24.10

Cucurbits FL Cucumber

(Nov 29) C Verimark 2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre(10-day interval) 3.96 3.96 3.95

Cucurbits FL Cucumber

(Dec 9) C A 16901B CP Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 7.78 7.74 7.71

Fruiting 

vegetables

FL Peppers

(Nov 20)

A

A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

12.96 12.95 12.92

G 11.17 11.17 11.13

CA Tomato

(Aug 21)

A 14.41 14.40 14.34

G 11.75 11.74 11.69

FL Tomato

(May 4)

A 20.31 20.31 20.27

G 18.94 18.94 18.90
38

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

PA Tomato

(Oct 4)

A 26.49 25.87 24.61

G 23.42 22.79 21.37

Fruiting 

vegetables

FL Peppers

(Nov 25) C

Verimark 2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

4.01 4.01 4.00

CA Tomato

(Aug 26) C 1.29 1.28 1.28

FL Tomato

(May 9) C 8.65 8.65 8.62

PA Tomato

(Oct 9) C 11.05 10.72 10.58

Fruiting 

vegetables

FL Peppers

(Nov 1) C

A 16901B CP 

Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre

24.60 23.83 20.69

CA Tomato

(Aug 2) C 0.24 0.24 0.24

FL Tomato

(April 15) C 12.51 12.51 12.48

PA Tomato

(Sept 15) C 10.84 10.82 10.36

Leafy 

vegetables

CA Lettuce

(April 12) C A 16901B CP Insecticide 1 app at 0.4 lb a.i./acre 14.03 14.00 13.97

Leafy 

vegetables

CA Lettuce

(April 21)

A A 16901B CP 

Insecticide

2 apps at 0.175 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.050 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

13.03 13.02 13.00

G 9.38 9.37 9.36

Leafy 

vegetables 

(except 

Brassica)

CA Lettuce

(May 1)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

10.25 10.24 10.22

G 6.44 6.43 6.42

Oil seeds

ND Canola

(Aug 4)

A

Benevia 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

20.55 20.52 20.44

G 16.66 16.63 16.55

ND Wheat

(July 15)

A 24.65 24.58 24.34

G 20.67 20.67 20.48

Pome fruit

CA Fruit

(Oct 8)

A

Exirel 3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

4.62 4.61 4.61

G 1.49 1.48 1.48

NC Apple

(Oct 14)

A 18.14 18.13 18.11

G 14.80 14.79 14.77

OR Apple

(Sept 28)

A 11.91 11.91 11.87

G 7.77 7.68 7.50

PA Apple A 12.98 12.98 12.98
39

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

(July 15) G 9.85 9.85 9.83

Potatoes

ID Potato

(May 18) S A17960A ST 

and A17960B 

ST

1 app at 0.690 lb a.i./acre3

5.80 5.80 5.79

ME Potato

(May 18) S 8.21 8.20 8.19

Potatoes

ID Potato

(May 18) S

Verimark 1 app at 0.176 lb a.i./acre

1.48 1.48 1.48

ME Potato

(May 18) S 2.10 2.09 2.09

Corm and 

tuberous 

vegetables

ID Potato

(Aug 29)

A

Benevia

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

18.22 18.22 18.20

G 13.77 13.77 13.76

ME Potato

(Sept 18)

A 25.22 25.20 24.62

G 20.36 20.33 19.83

Corm and 

tuberous 

vegetables

ID Potato

(Sept 14) C A 16901B CP 

Insecticide 1 app at 0.250 lb a.i./acre

6.58 6.56 6.48

ME Potato

(Oct 4) C 10.51 10.50 10.39

Rapeseed 

including 

canola 

varieties, 

mustard seed

ND Canola

(May 2) S

Dermacor 1 app at 0.400 lb a.i./acre

17.98 17.96 17.93

ND Wheat

(May 2) S 36.74 36.63 36.44

Stone fruit

MI Cherry

(July 4)

A

Exirel

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

18.03 18.00 17.91

G 13.52 13.50 13.39

GA Peaches

(Aug 14)

A 5.41 5.41 5.39

G 3.32 3.28 3.00

CA Fruit

(July 15)

A 5.65 5.65 5.64

G 3.03 3.03 3.02

Sunflower

ND Canola

(May 2) S A17960A ST 

and A17960B 

ST

1 app at 0.016 lb a.i./acre2

0.41 0.41 0.41

ND Wheat

(May 2) S 0.85 0.84 0.84

Tree nuts

CA Almonds

(Aug 25)

A

Exirel

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

9.89 9.79 9.61

G 7.17 7.06 7.04

GA Pecans

(Sept 12)

A 17.44 17.20 16.80

G 15.41 15.19 14.68
40

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Bulb 

vegetables

CA Onion

(June 4)

A

Benevia

3 apps at 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(5-day interval)

5.10 5.10 5.09

G 2.74 2.73 2.73

GA Onion

(June 4)

A 19.76 19.69 19.54

G 17.87 17.81 17.67

Flowerbeds 

and 

groundcovers

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

2 apps at 0.208 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval)

5.22 5.22 5.20

FL Nursery

(April 15) 16.24 16.09 15.82

MI Nursery

(April 15) 14.62 14.61 14.58

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 12.42 12.42 12.40

OR Nursery

(April 15) 3.91 3.91 3.90

TN Nursery

(April 15) 10.85 10.84 10.83

Ornamentals 

treated by 

commercial 

and consumer 

applicators

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G A 16901B 

Residential

2 apps at 0.130 lb 

a.i./acre4 

(7-day interval)

3.25 3.25 3.25

FL Nursery

(April 15) 10.13 10.04 9.87

MI Nursery

(April 15) 9.12 9.11 9.10

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 7.75 7.75 7.74

OR Nursery

(April 15) 2.44 2.44 2.43

TN Nursery

(April 15) 6.77 6.76 6.75

Ornamental 

plants, fruit 

and nut trees 

(non-bearing) 

and forest 

seedlings 

grown in 

greenhouses, 

lath and shade 

houses, 

containers, 

field nurseries 

and 

interiorscapes

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G Mainspring

2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(14-day interval)

3.26 3.26 3.26

FL Nursery

(April 15) 5.76 5.76 5.74

MI Nursery

(April 15) 9.31 9.31 9.30

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 8.01 8.01 8.00

OR Nursery

(April 15) 2.47 2.47 2.46

TN Nursery

(April 15) 6.65 6.65 6.63

Ornamental 

plants, fruit 

CA Nursery

(April 15) C Mainspring 2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre(14-day interval) 0.41 0.41 0.41
41

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

and nut trees 

(non-bearing) 

and forest 

seedlings 

grown in 

greenhouses, 

lath and shade 

houses, 

containers, 

field nurseries 

and 

interiorscapes

FL Nursery

(April 15) 2.92 2.92 2.91

MI Nursery

(April 15) 6.97 6.97 6.95

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 5.29 5.29 5.28

OR Nursery

(April 15) 1.34 1.34 1.34

TN Nursery

(April 15) 5.88 5.86 5.82

Ornamental 

plants (exterior 

landscapes and 

interior 

plantscapes

CA Nursery

(April 15)

G

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre

5.49 5.49 5.47

FL Nursery

(April 15) 8.74 8.68 8.56

MI Nursery

(April 15) 14.82 14.82 14.79

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 18.03 17.98 17.88

OR Nursery

(April 15) 3.88 3.88 3.87

TN Nursery

(April 15) 9.39 9.36 9.30

Ornamental 

plants (exterior 

landscapes and 

interior 

plantscapes

CA Nursery

(April 15)

C

HGW86 

T&O Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre

1.30 1.30 1.28

FL Nursery

(April 15) 4.97 4.97 4.96

MI Nursery

(April 15) 11.67 11.67 11.65

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 11.59 11.59 11.58

OR Nursery

(April 15) 1.90 1.89 1.88

TN Nursery

(April 15) 7.87 7.84 7.79

Trees 

(including 

non-bearing 

fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, 

evergreens, 

foliage plants,

groundcovers, 

vines, interior 

plantscape 

plants

OR Christmas 

Trees

(April 15)

C

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre 0.22 0.22 0.22

Trees 

(including 

non-bearing 

fruit and nut 

OR Christmas 

Trees

(April 15)

G

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre 1.61 1.61 1.61
42

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

trees), shrubs, 

evergreens, 

bedding plants, 

flowering 

plants, flowers, 

foliage plants, 

groundcovers, 

vines, interior 

plantscape 

plants, 

vegetable 

transplants 

(fruiting, leafy, 

tuberous, 

corm)

Turf , golf 

courses, 

residential 

lawns, 

commercial 

grounds, parks, 

playgrounds, 

athletic fields, 

sod farms

FL Turf

(Feb 15)

G A 16901B 

Turf

2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(30-day interval)

1.31 1.30 1.29

CA Turf

(April 15) 1.37 1.37 1.37

Grassy, weedy, 

mulched, or 

bare soil areas 

in and around 

greenhouses, 

nurseries, 

interior 

plantscapes, 

lath and shade 

house, under 

trees and 

shrubs that are 

being grown 

in-ground

FL Turf

(Feb 15)

G

HGW86 GH 

& N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.233 lb a.i./acre

1 app at 0.187 lb a.i./acre

(30-day interval)

1.98 1.97 1.96

CA Turf

(April 15) 2.27 2.27 2.27

Fly control bait GENEEC E HGW86 Fly 

Control Bait

5 apps at 0.087 lb a.i./acre

(7-day interval) 23.67 23.49 23.16

Public health 

insect control GENEEC E HGW86 SC Insect Control 1 app at 0.420 lb a.i./acre 23.02 22.85 22.52

Potted 

ornamentals

CA Nursery

(April 15)

C

HGW86 

GH&N Insect 

Control

1 app at 0.500 lb a.i./acre

1.55 1.54 1.53

FL Nursery

(April 15) 5.92 5.92 5.90

MI Nursery

(April 15) 13.90 13.89 13.87

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 13.81 13.80 13.78
43

Proposed

Label Use

PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app date)

Method 1

Product

Application Rate

(interval between 

applications)

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

OR Nursery

(April 15) 2.26 2.25 2.24

TN Nursery

(April 15) 9.37 9.34 9.27

Potted 

ornamentals

CA Nursery

(April 15)

C Mainspring 2 apps at 0.130 lb a.i./acre

(14-day interval)

0.41 0.41 0.41

FL Nursery

(April 15) 2.92 2.92 2.91

MI Nursery

(April 15) 6.97 6.97 6.95

NJ Nursery

(April 15) 5.29 5.29 5.28

OR Nursery

(April 15) 1.34 1.34 1.34

TN Nursery

(April 15) 5.88 5.86 5.82

1 A = foliar aerial application modeled as 95% application efficiency, 5% spray drift; G = foliar ground application 

modeled as 99% application efficiency, 1% spray drift; C = chemigation modeled as 100% application efficiency, 0% 

spray drift, E = Tier 1 GENEEC Model was utilized. S = Seed Treatment modeled as 100% application efficiency, 0% 

spray drift

2 Based on 0.00000044 lb ai/seed * 4 lb seed/A * 9000 seeds/lb (USEPA 2011b). 3 Based on 0.00013 lb ai/lb potato * 5271 lb potato/A (T-REX). 4 Based on communication with registrant.

b. Aquatic Exposure Monitoring and Field Data

Cyantraniliprole is a new chemical, for which no monitoring data are available. The 

California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) surface water database 

(http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/surfwtr/surfcont.htm and USGS NAWQA surface 

and ground water database (http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:1:0::NO:::) were 

searched for available monitoring data, but none were located. Also, no monitoring data 

on the degradates were found.

3. Measures of Terrestrial Exposure

a. Terrestrial Exposure Modeling

T-REX is used to model exposures to birds, mammals, and terrestrial invertebrates. The 

application method for the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole include foliar spray (ground 

and aerial), micro sprinkler chemigation, drip chemigation, seed treatments, soil 

drench/injection, bark spray, spot/crack/crevice (public health use), and granular bait

(Table 13). The terrestrial EECs for cyantraniliprole are derived using the maximum 

annual application rate (Tables 14 – 16). The default 35-day foliar half-life value was 

used for modeling EECs on terrestrial food items because chemical-specific foliar halflife data were not available. An example of the output is contained in Appendix E.
44

The use of cyantraniliprole as a fly bait is included in Table 13; however, because the 

acute toxicity endpoints for mammals and birds were non-definitive, the typical LD50/ft2

analysis could not be performed. See the Risk Description section for further discussion 

on risks to birds and mammals.

Table 13. T-REX Modeling for Foliar, Bark Spray, Seed Treatment, and Granular

Applications

Use

Maximum 

Application 

Rate (lb ai/A)

Number of 

Applications 

(Interval between 

Applications, 

days)

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables 0.175

2 at 0.175

1 at 0.05

(7 days)

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, leafy vegetables 

(except brassica), corm and tuberous vegetables, bulb 

vegetables

0.133

3

(5 days)

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts 0.133

3

(7 days)

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables 0.175

2 at 0.175

1 at 0.05

(5 days)

Potatoes (seed treatment) 0.69 1

Potatoes (seed treatment) 0.176 1

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard seed 0.4 1

Sunflower (seed treatment) 0.016 1

Flowerbeds and groundcovers 0.208

2

(7 days)

Ornamentals treated by commercial and consumer 

applicators 0.13

2

(7 days)

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing) and 

forest seedlings grown in greenhouses, lath and shade 

houses, containers, field nurseries and interiorscapes

0.26

1 at 0.26

1 at 0.16

(14 days)

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior 

plantscapes), trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees) shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, flowering 

plants, flowers, foliage plants, groundcovers, vines, 

interior plantscape plants, vegetable transplants (fruiting, 

leafy, tuberous, corm), public health insect control

0.42 1
45

Use

Maximum 

Application 

Rate (lb ai/A)

Number of 

Applications 

(Interval between 

Applications, 

days)

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial grounds, 

parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, grassy, 

weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in and around 

greenhouses, nurseries, interior plantscapes, lath and 

shade house, under trees and shrubs that are being grown 

in-ground

0.26

1 at 0.26

1 at 0.16

(30 days)

Fly control bait (granular) 0.087

5

(7 days)

Table 14. Avian Foliar, Bark Spray, and Seed Treatment Upper-Bound EEC 

Values 

Feeding Category

Dietary-based 

EECs (mg/kgfood item)

Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw)

Small

(20 g)

Medium

(100 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 80.39 91.56 52.21 23.38

Tall grass 36.85 41.96 23.93 10.71

Broadleaf plants 45.22 51.50 29.37 13.15

Fruits/pods 5.02 5.72 3.26 1.46

Arthropods 31.49 35.86 20.45 9.16

Seeds 5.02 1.27 0.73 0.32

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, leafy vegetables (except brassica), corm and tuberous vegetables, 

bulb vegetables

3 at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days)

Short grass 87.02 99.10 56.51 25.30

Tall grass 39.88 45.42 25.90 11.60

Broadleaf plants 48.95 55.75 31.79 14.23

Fruits/pods 5.44 6.19 3.53 1.58

Arthropods 34.08 38.82 22.13 9.91

Seeds 5.44 1.38 0.78 0.35

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts

3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 83.90 95.55 54.49 24.39

Tall grass 38.45 43.79 24.97 11.18

Broadleaf plants 47.19 53.75 30.65 13.72

Fruits/pods 5.24 5.97 3.41 1.52

Arthropods 32.86 37.42 21.34 9.55
46

Feeding Category

Dietary-based 

EECs (mg/kgfood item)

Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw)

Small

(20 g)

Medium

(100 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Seeds 5.24 1.33 0.76 0.34

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days)

Short grass 84.49 96.23 54.87 24.57

Tall grass 38.73 44.11 25.15 11.26

Broadleaf plants 47.53 54.13 30.87 13.82

Fruits/pods 5.28 6.01 3.43 1.54

Arthropods 33.09 37.69 21.49 9.62

Seeds 5.28 1.34 0.76 0.34

Potatoes (seed treatment)

1 at 0.69 lb ai/A

Seeds - 113.65 64.81 29.01

Potatoes (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A

Seeds - 28.99 16.53 7.40

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard seed (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A

Seeds - 65.88 37.57 16.82

Sunflower (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A

Seeds - 2.64 1.50 0.67

Flowerbeds and groundcovers

2 apps at 0.208 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 93.38 106.35 60.64 27.15

Tall grass 42.80 48.74 27.80 12.44

Broadleaf plants 52.53 59.82 34.11 15.27

Fruits/pods 5.84 6.65 3.79 1.70

Arthropods 36.57 41.65 23.75 10.63

Seeds 5.84 1.48 0.84 0.38

Ornamentals treated by commercial and consumer applicators

2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 58.36 66.47 37.90 16.97

Tall grass 26.75 30.46 17.37 7.78

Broadleaf plants 32.83 37.39 21.32 9.55

Fruits/pods 3.65 4.15 2.37 1.06

Arthropods 22.86 26.03 14.85 6.65

Seeds 3.65 0.92 0.53 0.24

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing) and forest seedlings grown in greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, field nurseries and interiorscapes

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (14 days)

Short grass 85.69 97.59 55.65 24.92

Tall grass 39.27 44.73 25.51 11.42
47

Feeding Category

Dietary-based 

EECs (mg/kgfood item)

Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw)

Small

(20 g)

Medium

(100 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Broadleaf plants 48.20 54.90 31.30 14.02

Fruits/pods 5.36 6.10 3.48 1.56

Arthropods 33.56 38.22 21.80 9.76

Seeds 5.36 1.36 0.77 0.35

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior plantscapes), trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees) shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage plants, groundcovers, vines, 

interior plantscape plants, vegetable transplants (fruiting, leafy, tuberous, corm), public health insect control

1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A

Short grass 100.80 114.80 65.46 29.31

Tall grass 46.20 52.62 30.00 13.43

Broadleaf plants 56.70 64.58 36.82 16.49

Fruits/pods 6.30 7.18 4.09 1.83

Arthropods 39.48 44.96 25.64 11.48

Seeds 6.30 1.59 0.91 0.41

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, 

grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior plantscapes, lath 

and shade houses, under trees and shrubs that are being grown in-ground

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (30 days)

Short grass 72.85 82.97 47.31 21.18

Tall grass 33.39 38.03 21.68 9.71

Broadleaf plants 40.98 46.67 26.61 11.91

Fruits/pods 4.55 5.19 2.96 1.32

Arthropods 28.53 32.50 18.53 8.30

Seeds 4.55 1.15 0.66 0.29

Table 15. Mammalian Foliar, Bark Spray, and Seed Treatment Upper-Bound EEC 

Values 

Feeding Category

Dietary-based 

EECs (mg/kgfood item)

Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw)

Small

(15 g)

Medium

(135 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 80.39 76.65 52.97 12.28

Tall grass 36.85 35.13 24.28 5.63

Broadleaf plants 45.22 43.11 29.80 6.91

Fruits/pods 5.02 4.79 3.31 0.77

Arthropods 31.49 30.02 20.75 4.81

Seeds 5.02 1.06 0.74 0.17

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, leafy vegetables (except brassica), corm and tuberous vegetables, 

bulb vegetables

3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days)

Short grass 87.02 82.96 57.34 13.29
48

Feeding Category

Dietary-based 

EECs (mg/kgfood item)

Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw)

Small

(15 g)

Medium

(135 g)

Large

(1000 g)

Tall grass 39.88 38.02 26.28 6.09

Broadleaf plants 48.95 46.67 32.25 7.48

Fruits/pods 5.44 5.19 3.58 0.83

Arthropods 34.08 32.49 22.46 5.21

Seeds 5.44 1.15 0.80 0.18

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts

3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/ A (7 days)

Short grass 83.90 79.99 55.28 12.82

Tall grass 38.45 36.66 25.34 5.87

Broadleaf plants 47.19 44.99 31.10 7.21

Fruits/pods 5.24 5.00 3.46 0.80

Arthropods 32.86 31.33 21.65 5.02

Seeds 5.24 1.11 0.77 0.18

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days)

Short grass 84.49 80.56 55.68 12.91

Tall grass 38.73 36.92 25.52 5.92

Broadleaf plants 47.53 45.31 31.32 7.26

Fruits/pods 5.28 5.03 3.48 0.81

Arthropods 33.09 31.55 21.81 5.06

Seeds 5.28 1.12 0.77 0.18

Potatoes (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A

Seeds - 95.14 65.75 15.25

Potatoes (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A

Seeds - 24.27 16.77 3.89

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard seed (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A

Seeds - 55.15 38.12 8.84

Sunflower (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A

Seeds - 2.21 1.52 0.35

Flowerbeds and groundcovers

2 apps at 0.208 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 93.38 89.03 61.53 14.27

Tall grass 42.80 40.80 28.20 6.54

Broadleaf plants 52.53 50.08 34.61 8.02

Fruits/pods 5.84 5.56 3.85 0.89

Arthropods 36.57 34.87 24.10 5.59

Seeds 5.84 1.24 0.85 0.20

Ornamentals treated by commercial and consumer applicators
49

Feeding Category

Dietary-based 

EECs (mg/kgfood item)

Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw)

Small

(15 g)

Medium

(135 g)

Large

(1000 g)

2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 58.36 55.64 38.46 8.92

Tall grass 26.75 25.50 17.63 4.09

Broadleaf plants 32.83 31.30 21.63 5.02

Fruits/pods 3.65 3.48 2.40 0.56

Arthropods 22.86 21.79 15.06 3.49

Seeds 3.65 0.77 0.53 0.12

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing) and forest seedlings grown in greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, field nurseries and interiorscapes

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (14 days)

Short grass 85.69 81.70 56.47 13.09

Tall grass 39.27 37.45 25.88 6.00

Broadleaf plants 48.20 45.96 31.76 7.36

Fruits/pods 5.36 5.11 3.53 0.82

Arthropods 33.56 32.00 22.12 5.13

Seeds 5.36 1.13 0.78 0.18

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior plantscapes), trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage plants, groundcovers, vines, 

interior plantscape plants, vegetable transplants (fruiting, leafy, tuberous, corm), public health insect control

1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A

Short grass 100.80 96.11 66.42 15.40

Tall grass 46.20 44.05 30.44 7.06

Broadleaf plants 56.70 54.06 37.36 8.66

Fruits/pods 6.30 6.01 4.15 0.96

Arthropods 39.48 37.64 26.02 6.03

Seeds 6.30 1.33 0.92 0.21

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, 

grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior plantscapes, lath 

and shade houses, under trees and shrubs that are being grown in-ground

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 92.72 88.40 61.10 14.17

Tall grass 42.50 40.52 28.00 6.49

Broadleaf plants 52.16 49.73 34.37 7.97

Fruits/pods 5.80 5.53 3.82 0.89

Arthropods 36.32 34.62 23.93 5.55

Seeds 5.80 1.23 0.85 0.20

For insects, only two screening level EECs are calculated. The tall grass EEC represents 

the exposure through dietary intake whereas the arthropod EEC represents exposure 

through contact (Table 16) (USEPA 2012b). Given that honeybee larval toxicity data 

were not available, only cyantraniliprole doses for adult bees are considered.
50

Table 16. Adult Insect Foliar Spray, Bark Spray, and Granular Screening Level 

Upper-Bound EEC Values 

Use

EEC (based on tall 

grass)

(mg/kg-diet) (dose in μg 

ai/bee*)

EEC (based on 

arthropod)

(mg/kg-diet) (dose in 

μg ai/bee**)

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 

days)

36.85 (10.76) 16.451 (2.11)

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, leafy 

vegetables (except brassica), corm and tuberous 

vegetables, bulb vegetables

3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days)

39.88 (11.64) 34.08 (4.36)

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, stone fruit, tree 

nuts

3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days)

38.45 (11.23) 12.502 (1.6)

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days)

38.73 (11.31) 33.09 (4.24)

Flowerbeds and groundcovers

2 apps at 0.208 lb ai/A (7 days) 42.80 (12.50) 19.553 (2.50)

Ornamentals treated by commercial and consumer 

applicators

2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 days)

26.75 (7.81) 12.224 (1.56)

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing) 

and forest seedlings grown in greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, field nurseries and 

interiorscapes

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (14 

days)

39.27 (11.47) 24.445 (3.13)

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior 

plantscapes), trees (including non-bearing fruit and 

nut trees), shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, 

flowering plants, flowers, foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, interior plantscape plants, 

vegetable transplants (fruiting, leafy, tuberous, corm), 

public health insect control

1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A

46.20 (13.49) 39.48 (5.05)

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial 

grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod 

farms, grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in 

and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under trees and 

shrubs that are being grown in-ground

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (30 

days)

42.50 (12.41) 24.445 (3.13)

Fly control bait (granular)

5 apps at 0.087 lb ai/A (7 days) 36.96 (10.79) 8.186 (3.01)

*Conversion made by multiplying EEC by food consumption rate of adult bee (0.292 g/day)

**Conversion made by multiplying EEC by body weight of adult bee (0.128 g)

1

Based on single app of 0.175 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

2

Based on single app of 0.133 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

3

Based on single app of 0.208 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days 4

Based on single app of 0.13 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days
51

Use

EEC (based on tall 

grass)

(mg/kg-diet) (dose in μg 

ai/bee*)

EEC (based on 

arthropod)

(mg/kg-diet) (dose in 

μg ai/bee**) 5

Based on single app of 0.26 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

6

Based on single app of 0.087 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

EEC Estimates for Soil Injection, Soil Drench, and Drip Irrigation (Birds and 

Mammals)

T-REX could not be used to calculate EECs for soil injection, soil drench, and drip 

irrigation. T-REX assumes that the chemical is applied over the tops of the plants and 

that terrestrial organisms are exposed to the chemical via the residues left on plant parts. 

The residues will degrade over time as they are exposed to environmental conditions; the 

degradation rate may not be the same for systemic chemicals distributed within the plant. 

For injections and drenches, cyantraniliprole is taken up into the plant via the roots. 

Terrestrial organisms can still be exposed to cyantraniliprole through eating leaves or 

other plant parts, but the chemical is contained within the vegetation (systemic) rather 

than on the vegetation’s surface. Therefore, different methods were employed to estimate 

the concentrations of cyantraniliprole in plants, based on the application method.

Soil Injection/Soil Drench/Drip Irrigation and Woody Potted Ornamental Drench Leaf 

Biomass Estimates

An EEC is the concentration of cyantraniliprole that is expected to be present in a unit of 

food. Therefore, to calculate an EEC, it is necessary to determine the biomass of the food 

item and the amount of cyantraniliprole it is expected to contain. 

For soil injection/soil drenches, drip irrigation, and drenches of woody potted ornamental 

plants, it is assumed that cyantraniliprole will accumulate in the leaves of the plant (a 

surrogate for other non-woody food items, such as fruit). Both hardwoods and softwoods 

were considered in this scenario. Leaf biomass (dry weight) for hardwoods and 

softwoods were estimated using general hardwood and softwood leaf biomass equations 

from Jenkins et al. (2003). Table 17 presents the biomass estimates for hardwoods and 

softwoods. See Appendix F for the calculations. 

Table 17. Summary of Hardwood and Softwood Leaf Biomass Wet Weights

6-Inch DBH (kg) 1-Inch DBH (kg)

Hardwood

(wet weight) 21.44 0.95

Softwood 

(wet weight) 47 2.3

DBH = diameter at breast height

Using the biomass information in Table 17, EECs can be calculated for soil injection/soil

drench, and drench applications to woody potted ornamental (Table 18). See Appendix F

for the complete calculations.
52

Table 18. Summary of Mammalian and Avian EECs for Soil Injection/Soil Drench, 

Potted Ornamental Drench, and Agricultural Drip Irrigation

Bird and Mammal Mammal

Dietary

(mg ai/kg-plant)

Acute Dose

(mg ai/kg-bw)

15 g 35 g 1000g

Soil injection/drench

hardwood 148 141 100 22

Soil injection/drench

hardwood 254 241 168 38

Soil drench (citrus) 233 221 154 35

Soil injection/drench

softwood 68 65 45 10

Soil injection/drench

softwood 116 110 77 17

Potted non-woody 

ornamental drench 4.6 4 3 0.7

Potted non-woody 

ornamental drench 9 9 6 1

Drip irrigation (brassica 

vegetables) 64 61 42 10

Drip irrigation 

(cucurbits) 636 604 420 95

Drip irrigation (fruiting 

vegetables) 182 173 120 27

Drip irrigation (leafy 

vegetables 54 51 36 8

Drip irrigation (corm and 

tuberous vegetables) 64 61 42 10

EEC Estimates for Soil Injection, Soil Drench, and Drip Irrigation (Terrestrial 

Invertebrates)

The method outlined in USEPA 2012b for estimating screening level pollen/nectar 

concentrations for soil treatments was used to develop EECs for the relevant 

cyantraniliprole uses. The model predicts the concentration of pesticide that is expected 

to be present in the stem of a plant; this is used as a surrogate for pollen/nectar. The 

original equation was developed by Briggs et al. (1982 and 1983) and was modified by 

Ryan et al. (1988) and EPA to represent an upper-bound estimate (95% transpiration 

stream concentration factors – TSCF).

SCF’ = Cstem = [10(0.95*LogKow – 2.05)] * TSCF * [ ρ ]

Csoil Ө + ρ + K0c + foc

Where:

SCF’ = stem concentration factor based on uptake from soil

Cstem = concentration in stems (μg a.i./g plant)

Csoil = concentration in soil (μg a.i./g soil) (derived from application rate)

foc = fraction of organic carbon in soil
53

θ = soil‐water content by volume (cm3/cm3)

ρ = soil bulk density (g‐dw/cm3)

Koc = soil organic carbon‐water partitioning coefficient (cm3

/goc or L/kgoc)

For cyantraniliprole, Log Kow =1.94; Koc =241; and the adjusted 95% TSCF = 0.875 

(USEPA 2012b). SCF’ was calculated to be 0.026

Consequently, the following EECs were derived for the soil application scenarios (Table 

19).

Table 19. Screening Level Pollen/Nectar EECs for Soil Application Scenarios 

(Terrestrial Invertebrates)

Use Dietary EEC (mg ai/kg-food) (dose in μg 

ai/bee)*

Ornamental trees and potted ornamentals (soil 

injection/drench)

0.26 lb ai/A

0.007 (0.002)

Ornamental trees (soil injection/drench)

0.42 lb ai/A 0.011 (0.003)

Potted ornamentals (drench)

0.5 lb ai/A 0.013 (0.004)

Citrus (soil drench)

0.391 lb ai/A 0.0102 (0.003)

Brassica vegetables, cucurbits, leafy vegetables, 

fruiting vegetables, corm and tuberous vegetables 

(drip irrigation)

0.4 lb ai/A

0.0104 (0.003)

**Conversion made by multiplying EEC by food consumption rate of adult bee (0.292 g/day)

EEC Estimates for Seed Treatments (Terrestrial Invertebrates)

Based on the EPPO 2010, a screening concentration of 1 mg ai/kg of pollen and nectar is 

used for the EEC for all seed treatments, regardless of application rate (USEPA 2012b). 

When converting to the adult bee nectar/pollen consumption rate, the equivalent dose for 

risk quotient calculation is 0.292 μg ai/bee.

EEC Estimates for Terrestrial Plants

TerrPlant estimates potential exposure from a single application using default 

assumptions for runoff (2% given solubility is 14.2 ppm) and spray drift (1% given a 

ground application or 5% given an aerial application of a liquid formulation) (Table 20). 

See Appendix G for more information.

Table 20. EECs on Plants Following Label-Specified Applications of 

Cyantraniliprole

Description Equation EEC (lb ai/A)

Brassica vegetables (soil)
54

Description Equation EEC (lb ai/A)

1 app at 0.35 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.007

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.07

Spray drift A*D 0.0035

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0105

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0735

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, (aerial spray)

1 app at 0.175 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0035

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.035

Spray drift A*D 0.00875

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.01225

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.04375

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, (ground spray)

1 app at 0.175 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0035

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.035

Spray drift A*D 0.00175

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.00525

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.03675

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, cotton, leafy vegetables (except brassica), oil seeds, pome fruit, 

corm and tuberous vegetables, stone fruit, tree nuts, bulb vegetables, (aerial spray)

1 app at 0.133 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.00266

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.0266

Spray drift A*D 0.00665

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.00931

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.03325

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, citrus, cotton, leafy vegetables (except brassica), oil seeds, pome 

fruit, corm and tuberous vegetables, stone fruit, tree nuts, bulb vegetables, (ground spray)

1 app at 0.133 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.00266

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.0266

Spray drift A*D 0.00133

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.00399

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.02793

Citrus (chemigation)

1 app at 0.391 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.00782

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.0782

Spray drift A*D 0.01955

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.02737

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.09775
55

Description Equation EEC (lb ai/A)

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, potted ornamentals (drip chemigation/soil drench)

1 app at 0.130 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0026

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.026

Spray drift A*D 0.0013

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0039

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0273

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, (drip chemigation)

1 app at 0.35 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.007

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.07

Spray drift A*D 0.0035

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0105

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0735

Potato (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A – incorporation 3 inches

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0046

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.046

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0115

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0529

Potato (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A – incorporation 3 inches

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.001173333

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.011733333

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.002933333

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.013493333

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard seed (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A – no incorporation

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.008

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.08

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.012

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.084

Sunflower (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A – 1 inch incorporation

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.00032

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.0032

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.00048

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.00336

Corm and tuberous vegetables (soil)

1 app at 0.25 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.005

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.05

Spray drift A*D 0.0025
56

Description Equation EEC (lb ai/A)

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0075

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0525

Flowerbeds and groundcovers (ground spray)

1 app at 0.208 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.00416

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.0416

Spray drift A*D 0.00208

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.00624

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.04368

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing), and forest seedlings grown in greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, field nurseries, and interiorscapes, turf, golf courses, residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil 

areas in and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior plantscapes, lath and shade house, under trees and 

shrubs that are being grown in-ground (ground spray)

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0052

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.052

Spray drift A*D 0.0026

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0078

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0546

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior plantscapes), trees (including non-bearing fruit and 

nut trees), shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage plants, groundcovers, 

vines, interior plantscape plants, vegetable transplants (fruiting, leafy corm, tuberous), public health 

insect control (ground spray/soil drench)

1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0084

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.084

Spray drift A*D 0.0042

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0126

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0882

Fly control bait (granular)

1 app at 0.087 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.00174

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.0174

Spray drift A*D 0

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.00174

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0174

Potted ornamentals (soil drench)

1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.01

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.1

Spray drift A*D 0.005

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.015
57

Description Equation EEC (lb ai/A)

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.105

Potted ornamentals (soil drench)

1 app at 0.13 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0026

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.026

Spray drift A*D 0.0013

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0039

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0273

A = application rate

I = incorporation

R = runoff fraction

D = drift fraction

C. Ecological Effects Characterization

Based on the available data, cyantraniliprole is classified as slightly to moderately toxic 

to freshwater fish; slightly toxic to estuarine/marine fish; slightly to very highly toxic to 

freshwater invertebrates; moderately to highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates, 

highly toxic to benthic invertebrates; highly to very highly toxic to terrestrial insects; and 

practically non-toxic to mammals and birds on an acute exposure basis. Chronic 

exposure resulted in effects on growth in freshwater invertebrates and estuarine/marine 

fish. Chronic exposure in mammals resulted in effects on thyroid weight and on growth 

of rat offspring; however, no effects were detected in birds at the dietary levels tested. 

For terrestrial plants, the EC25 values were greater than 0.134 lb ai/A for both seedling 

emergence and vegetative vigor tests. Both vascular and non-vascular aquatic plants 

exhibited non-definitive EC50 >10 mg ai/L.

1. Aquatic Effects Characterization 

a. Aquatic Animals

Three acute toxicity studies were submitted for freshwater fish. The LC50 values were all 

non-definitive >10 mg total ai/L (Table 21) and cyantraniliprole’s toxicity may be limited 

by its solubility. All of the studies were classified as “supplemental” because 

undissolved test material was observed in several of the higher concentration levels. 

Samples from each treatment were measured; however, the samples were not centrifuged 

or filtered prior to analysis. Therefore, the amount of cyantraniliprole dissolved in the 

test solution is unknown. The data are still considered useable because the toxicity 

endpoint was assumed to be at or higher than the solubility of the test material. The 

product chemistry data identified a solubility limit of 14.2 mg ai/L at 20oC, but the 

conditions under which it was performed (e.g., temperature) were probably different than 

the toxicity studies, thus explaining the precipitate at the lower concentrations in the 

studies. No mortalities were reported. Sub-lethal effects for the technical grade active 
58

ingredient included: lethargy, surfacing for long periods of time, and lying on the bottom 

of the test chamber.

The four acute toxicity studies with the formulations were more varied than technicalgrade cyantraniliprole (Table 22); this could be the result of emulsifiers or other inert 

ingredients in the formulations. Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus; MRID 

48120220) yielded the most sensitive toxicity value of all the acute freshwater fish 

toxicity tests with an LC50 of 2.4 mg ai/L. Endpoints from studies with typical end-use 

product (TEP) are not used to calculate risk quotients for aquatic species because 

formulation constituents are expected to move differentially through the environment and 

are not expected to exist in the same ratio as the original formulation upon being 

dissolved in water. Thus, at a screening level, it is assumed that fish would be exposed to 

cyantraniliprole by itself, and not in conjunction with the other ingredients in the 

formulation. However, as this is the most sensitive endpoint for freshwater fish, it will be 

discussed further in the Risk Description section of the document and will be considered 

in the spray drift analysis, if appropriate. The other TEP tests yielded LC50 values from 

>7.9 to >40.7 mg ai/L. Three of the studies were classified as “acceptable;” the 

endpoints in the one “supplemental” study were based on nominal concentrations 

although the measured concentrations were below 80% at the test’s end. Sub-lethal 

effects from the studies using TEP included: surfacing for long periods of time, lethargy, 

lying on the bottom of the test chamber, rapid opercular movement (breathing), tumbling 

while swimming, and dark coloration. Overall, and based on the measured LC50 values, 

cyantraniliprole is slightly to moderately toxic to freshwater fish on an acute exposure 

basis.

A chronic early life-stage study was available for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 

Table 21). The study yielded a NOAEC of 10.7 mg ai/L and no mortality or sub-lethal 

effects were observed.

Table 21. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(mg ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish TGAI (93.4%)

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

96-hr LC50 >12.6 

mg total ai/L

NOAEC = 6.87

mg total ai/L

Supplemental

48120108

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish TGAI (93.4%)

Bluegill sunfish

(Lepomis 

macrochirus)

96-hr LC50 >13 mg 

total ai/L

NOAEC = 6.97

mg total ai/L

Supplemental

48120104

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish TGAI (94.5%)

Channel catfish

(Ictalurus 

punctatus)

96-hr LC50 >10 mg 

total ai/L

NOAEC = 10 mg 

total ai/L

Supplemental

48120106
59

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(mg ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish TEP (18.66%)

Bluegill sunfish

(Lepomis 

macrochirus)

96-hr LC50 >7.9

NOAEC =1.1

Acceptable

48120321

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish TEP (10.26%)

Bluegill sunfish

(Lepomis 

macrochirus)

96-hr LC50 =2.4**

NOAEC = 0.76

Acceptable

48120220

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish

TEP (20.6%)

Other ai –

thiamethoxam 

(20.6%)

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

96-hr LC50 >11.12

NOAEC =11.12

Supplemental

48432527

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater fish TEP (40.7%)

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

96-hr LC50 >40.7

NOAEC =3.83

Acceptable

48432413

Freshwater fish 

early life-stage TGAI (94.5%)

Rainbow trout

(Oncorhynchus 

mykiss)

NOAEC =10.7*

LOAEC >10.7

No effects

Acceptable

48120109

TGAI = technical grade active ingredient

TEP = typical end-use product

*denotes endpoint used in risk quotient calculations

**may be considered in spray drift analysis

One acute toxicity test for estuarine/marine sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)

was submitted (Table 22). Similar to studies with freshwater fish, the test was classified 

as “supplemental” because undissolved test material was present in some of the test 

chambers. Measured samples were taken, but they were not centrifuged or filtered; thus,

the actual amount of cyantraniliprole dissolved in solution is unknown. The toxicity 

endpoint is still considered useable because it is at the apparent solubility limit of the test 

chemical (see freshwater fish discussion above for more detail). No mortalities or sublethal effects were reported. The results of this test indicate that cyantraniliprole is 

slightly toxic to estuarine/marine fish on an acute exposure basis.

One chronic study was available for estuarine/marine fish using sheepshead minnow

(Table 22). The study was classified as “supplemental” because there was undissolved 

test material in the three highest test concentrations. This is not anticipated to affect the 

interpretation of this study’s toxicological endpoints because the NOAEC and LOAEC 

were both at or below the lowest concentration tested; no undissolved test material was 

observed at this concentration or the concentration above it. There were no effects on 

survival or hatching rates. Growth parameters (length and weight) were affected with the 

most sensitive being fish length. Given that the NOAEC (NOAEC <0.75 mg ai/L)

in this study is a “less than” value, the lower bounds of cyantraniliprole’s toxicity are 

unknown in estuarine/marine fish.
60

Table 22. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Fish

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(mg ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

estuarine/marine 

fish

TGAI (94.5%)

Sheepshead 

minnow

(Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

96-hr LC50 >12 mg 

total ai/L

NOAEC = 12 mg 

total ai/L

Supplemental

48120105

Estuarine/marine 

fish early life-stage TGAI (94.5%)

Sheepshead 

minnow

(Cyprinodon 

variegatus)

NOAEC <0.75

LOAEC =0.75

Based on mean 

measured length

Supplemental

48120110

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient

Acute toxicity studies were submitted for seven species of freshwater invertebrates

(Table 23). For the seven studies conducted with the technical material, 48-hr EC50

values ranged from 20.4 to >14000 μg ai/L. The most sensitive species was the water 

flea (Daphnia magna) with an EC50 of 20.4 μg ai/L. For all species, lethargy and floating

at the surface were the only sub-lethal effects reported. The amphipod study with 

Hyalella azteca was classified as “supplemental” because of a potential methodological 

problem at one treatment level – a number of behavioral effects were seen at the lowest 

concentration tested, but these did not carry through to higher concentrations. It is 

uncertain if these were real effects or an artifact of the experiment. The NOAEC was 

conservatively assigned to be lower than this value (< 76.4 μg ai/L).

Six studies were performed with various TEPs (Table 23). The 48-hr EC50 values ranged 

from 5.6 (thiamethoxam-containing product) to 18.5 μg ai/L and were all more sensitive 

than their TGAI counterpart conducted with D. magna. Two of the studies with D. 

magna (MRIDs 48432528 and 48432414) were classified as “supplemental” because the 

toxicity endpoints were based on nominal concentrations; whereas, measured 

concentrations indicated a decrease of more than 20% of the test material throughout the 

study. Sub-lethal effects included lethargy and floating at the surface. Overall, the TEP 

and TGAI tests indicate that cyantraniliprole is slightly toxic to very highly toxic to 

freshwater invertebrates on an acute exposure basis. 

One freshwater invertebrate chronic study was available with D. magna (Table 23). The 

most sensitive endpoint was adult body length (NOAEC = 6.56 μg ai/L), but adult 

survival and total number of immobilized live young (NOAEC = 9.69 μg ai/L); and total 

number of live young and dry weight were also affected (NOAEC = 14.7 μg ai/L). 

Table 23. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(μg ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.3%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

48-hr EC50 = 20.4*

NOAEC = 1.70

Acceptable

48120114
61

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(μg ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.3%)

Mayfly

(Centroptilum

triangulifer)

48-hr LC50 =71.5

NOAEC =11.1

Acceptable

48120099

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.3%)

Caddisfly

(Lepidostoma 

ontario)

48-hr LC50 =74.8

NOAEC =11.5

Acceptable

48120117

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.4%)

Stonefly

(Soyedina 

carolinensis)

48-hr LC50 = 

14000

NOAEC <1050

Acceptable

48120103

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.4%)

Amphipod

(Gammarus 

pseudolimnaeus)

48-hr LC50 =172

NOAEC =73.3

Acceptable

48120098

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.4%)

Amphipod

(Hyalella azteca)

48-hr LC50 >1370

NOAEC = <76.4

Supplemental

48120102

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.4%)

Oligochaete

(Lumbriculus 

variegatus)

48-hr LC50 >13700

NOAEC <860

Acceptable

48120101

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TEP (10.26%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

48-hr EC50 = 9.47

NOAEC = <3.28

Acceptable

48120217

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TEP (10.26%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

48-hr EC50 =18

NOAEC =8.13

Acceptable

48120242

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TEP (10.26%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

48-hr EC50 =18.5

NOAEC =3.54

Acceptable

48120415

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TEP (18.66%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

48-hr EC50 =14.5

NOAEC =9.13

Acceptable

48120319

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TEP (20.6%)

Other ai –

thiamethoxam 

(20.6%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

48-hr EC50 =5.6**

NOAEC <0.21

Supplemental

48432528

Acute toxicity to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TEP (40.7%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

48-hr EC50 = 11

NOAEC <1.2

Supplemental

48432414

Chronic test to 

freshwater 

invertebrates

TGAI (93.3%)

Water flea

(Daphnia magna)

NOAEC = 6.56*

LOAEC = 96.9

Based on adult 

body length

Acceptable

48120091

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient

TEP – typical end-use product

*denotes endpoint used in risk quotient calculations

**considered in spray drift analysis
62

Two acute toxicity studies were available for estuarine/marine invertebrates (Table 24). 

The shell deposition study with the Eastern oyster yielded the most sensitive endpoints

(96-hr EC50 = 520 μg ai/L). Oyster shell growth was the only parameter that was 

affected; no other sub-lethal effects or mortality were reported. In the acute toxicity test 

with mysid shrimp, shrimp exhibited erratic swimming and lethargy as sub-lethal effects. 

These results classify cyantraniliprole as moderately toxic to highly toxic to 

estuarine/marine invertebrates on an acute exposure basis.

Data were not available for the chronic effects of cyantraniliprole to estuarine/marine 

invertebrates. In lieu of actual data, the acute-to-chronic ratio was used to derive an 

estimate of a chronic toxicity value for estuarine/marine invertebrates using the acutechronic relationship for the most sensitive species of freshwater invertebrates. The 

following equation was used: 

EC50(oyster) = EC50 (water flea) = 520 = 20.4 = 167 = NOAEC(oyster)

NOAEC(oyster) NOAEC(water flea) X 6.56

Normally an ACR is calculated with the most sensitive mortality endpoint. For the 

cyantraniliprole dataset, the Eastern oyster yielded the most sensitive endpoint, but it was 

based on growth rather than mortality. Consequently, an ACR based on the acute mysid 

shrimp endpoint (mortality) was also considered. 

EC50(shrimp) = EC50 (water flea) = 1200 = 20.4 = 386 = NOAEC(shrimp)

NOAEC(shrimp) NOAEC(water flea) X 6.56

Table 24. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine 

Invertebrates

Study Test Material Species

Toxicity 

Endpoints (μg 

ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

estuarine/marine 

invertebrate

TGAI (93.4%)

Mysid shrimp

(Americamysis 

bahia)

96-hr LC50 = 1200

NOAEC = 370

Acceptable

48120096

Oyster shell 

deposition toxicity 

test

TGAI (93.4%)

Eastern oyster

(Crassostrea 

virginica)

96-hr EC50 = 520*

NOAEC = 110

Acceptable

48120095

Chronic toxicity to 

estuarine/marine 

invertebrates

ACR

Eastern oyster

(Crassostrea 

virginica)

NOAEC = 167* ACR

Chronic toxicity to 

estuarine/marine 

invertebrates

ACR

Mysid shrimp

(Americamysis 

bahia)

NOAEC = 386* ACR

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient
63

Study Test Material Species

Toxicity 

Endpoints (μg 

ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

ACR – acute-to-chronic ratio – see text above table for a description of the calculation

*denotes endpoint used in risk quotient calculations

One water column study was available for the acute toxicity effects to sediment-dwelling 

midge (Chironomous riparius) (Table 25). The study reported lethargy as the only sublethal effect. The data indicate that cyantraniliprole is highly toxic (48-hr LC50 = 719 μg 

ai/L) to sediment-dwelling organisms, on an acute exposure basis.

Two chronic toxicity tests were available for the midge (Table 25). MRID 48120092 

used spiked sediment while MRID 48120093 used spiked water. The spiked water study 

was the most sensitive, but was classified as “supplemental” because of its methodology 

(Agency guidelines require spiked sediment, not spiked water). In addition, there was a 

solvent effect in the emergence endpoint. Other endpoints (development rate and time) 

were not affected by the solvent, and were compared directly to the negative control as 

stipulated by Agency guidelines. Therefore, these endpoints are considered scientifically 

sound and were chosen for use in the risk assessment because they are more sensitive 

than those presented in the “acceptable” study. No sub-lethal effects were observed in 

either spiked water or sediment studies.

Table 25. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Sediment-Dwelling 

Organisms

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(μg ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

sediment-dwelling 

organisms

TGAI (93.4%)

Midge

(Chironomus 

riparius)

48-hr LC50 = 719*

NOAEC <395

Acceptable

48120094

Chronic toxicity to 

sediment-dwelling 

organisms

TGAI (93.4%)

Midge

(Chironomus 

riparius)

NOAEC =10*

LOAEC >10

Based on 

development rate 

and time

Supplemental

48120093

Chronic toxicity to 

sediment-dwelling 

organisms

TGAI (93.4%)

Midge

(Chironomus 

riparius)

NOAEC =19

LOAEC >19

Based on adult 

emergence

Acceptable

48120092

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient

*denotes endpoint used in risk quotient calculations

c. Aquatic Plants

One vascular aquatic plant study with duckweed (Lemna gibba) was submitted (Table 

26). The 7-day EC50 was non-definitive (>12100 μg ai/L) and was based on inhibition of 
64

frond count, biomass, and growth rate. The most sensitive NOAEC (1000 μg ai/L) was 

associated with frond count and its corresponding growth rate. 

Four studies were submitted for toxicological effects to non-vascular aquatic plants with 

technical-grade cyantraniliprole (Table 26). These studies included a cyanobacteria 

(blue-green algae; Anabaena flos-aquae), a freshwater diatom (Navicula pelliculosa), a 

green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), and a marine diatom (Skeletonema 

costatum). All of the EC50 values were non-definitive (ranging from >10000 to >15000 

μg ai/L) and were based on inhibition of cell count and biomass. Three of the studies 

with were classified as “supplemental” because either the test duration was 72 hours 

versus 96 (MRID 48120107) (green algae), or precipitate was noted in the highest 

concentration of test solution (MRIDs 48122541, 48122542) (cyanobacteria and 

estuarine/marine diatoms). Measured samples from the studies containing precipitate 

were not centrifuged or filtered prior to analysis; thus there is uncertainty as to the 

amount of cyantraniliprole that was biologically available (dissolved) in the solution. 

Cell density was the most sensitive endpoint for the marine diatom and cyanobacteria 

with an EC50 >10000 and >15000 μg total ai/L, respectively, where inhibition ranged 

from 30 to 39 % in the highest concentration tested. Precipitate was not observed in the 

green algae and freshwater diatom studies with an EC50 >13000 and >14000 μg ai/L, 

respectively. These endpoints are similar to the studies containing precipitate and 

support the claim that the EC50 is greater than the solubility limit of the test material (i.e., 

14200 μg ai/L).

Five green algae studies were available for cyantraniliprole typical end-use products

(Table 26). These yielded EC50 values that ranged from 825 to 9900 μg ai/L. The most 

sensitive endpoint (EC50 = 825 μg ai/L) was based on inhibition of cell count. Although 

this endpoint is more sensitive than the TGAI endpoint, it is generally not used to derive 

risk quotients. It may be considered in the spray drift analysis, if appropriate. Four of the 

studies (MRIDs 48120221, 48120416, 48120323, 48432415) were classified as 

“supplemental” because the test duration was 72 hours instead of 96. This may have

resulted in slightly higher endpoints than if the study had been allowed to continue for 

another 24 hours; however, the endpoints are not expected to be appreciably different and 

are considered scientifically sound. The other two studies (MRIDs 48432529, 48432415) 

were classified as “supplemental” because the endpoints were calculated from nominal 

values, but measurements indicated the test concentrations deviated more than 20% from 

the nominal concentrations. This may have under-estimated the toxicity endpoints.

Table 26. Summary of Toxicity Data for Vascular and Non-Vascular Plants

Study Test Material Species

Toxicity 

Endpoint (μg 

ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

Toxicity to 

vascular aquatic 

plants

TGAI (94.5%)

Duckweed

(Lemna gibba)

7-day EC50 > 

12100

NOAEC = 1000

Acceptable

48122543

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TGAI (94.5%)

Green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella 

72-hr EC50 > 

13000

Supplemental

48120107
65

Study Test Material Species

Toxicity 

Endpoint (μg 

ai/L)

Classification and 

MRID

subcapitata) NOAEC = 3200

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TGAI (94.5%)

Blue-green algae

(cyanobacteria)

(Anabaena flosaquae)

96-hr EC50 > 

15000 μg total 

ai/L

NOAEC = 15000

μg total ai/L

Supplemental

48122541

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TGAI (94.5%)

Freshwater diatom

(Navicula 

pelliculosa)

96-hr EC50 > 

14000

NOAEC = 14000

Acceptable

48120157

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TGAI (94.5%)

Estuarine/marine 

diatom

(Skeletonema 

costatum)

96-hr EC50 > 

10000 μg total 

ai/L

NOAEC = 1000

μg total ai/L

Supplemental

48122542

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TEP (10.26%)

Green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

72-hr EC50 = 1180

NOAEC = 295

Supplemental

48120221

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TEP (10.26%)

Green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

72-hr EC50 = 

825**

NOAEC = 217

Supplemental

48120416

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TEP (18.66%)

Green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

72-hr EC50 = 7370

NOAEC = 4040

Supplemental

48120323

Toxicity to nonvascular plants

TEP (20.6%)

Other ai –

thiamethoxam 

(20.6%)

Green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

96-hr EC50 = 9900

NOAEC = 660

Supplemental

48432529

Toxicity to nonvascular plants TEP (40.7%)

Green algae

(Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata)

72-hr EC50 = 6500

NOAEC < 407

Supplemental

48432415

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient

TEP – typical end-use product

**may be considered in spray drift analysis

2. Terrestrial Effects Characterization

a. Terrestrial Animals

Birds

Four acute oral toxicity studies of birds were submitted for cyantraniliprole; one

bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and one zebra finch (Poephila guttata) study were 
66

conducted with technical grade cyantraniliprole; two quail studies were conducted with 

typical end-use products (Table 27). All LD50 values were non-definitive; no sub-lethal 

effects were observed. Based on the acute oral toxicity studies, cyantraniliprole is 

classified as practically non-toxic to moderately toxic to avian species on an acute oral 

exposure basis. Similarly, two sub-acute dietary studies were submitted with northern 

bobwhite quail and mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). These studies resulted in nondefinitive values and did not exhibit any sub-lethal effects. Based on the LC50 values,

cyantraniliprole is practically non-toxic to birds on a sub-acute dietary exposure basis.

Two avian reproduction studies were submitted to determine the effects of 

cyantraniliprole on a chronic basis (Table 27). Mallard duck and northern bobwhite quail 

were tested; no effects were observed in either study up to the highest dietary level tested, 

i.e., 1000 mg ai/kg diet. The NOAEC was set at the highest test concentration tested and 

the LOAEC was determined to be above this concentration.

Table 27. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Birds

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

Acute avian oral 

toxicity TGAI (93.3%)

Northern bobwhite 

quail

(Colinus 

virginianus)

LD50 >2250 mg 

ai/kg-bw

NOAEC = 2250 

mg ai/kg-bw

Acceptable

48120153

Acute avian oral 

toxicity TGAI (94.5%)

Zebra finch

(Poephila guttata)

LD50 >2250 mg 

ai/kg-bw

NOAEC = 2250 

mg ai/kg-bw

Acceptable

48120171

Acute avian oral 

toxicity TEP (10.26%)

Northern bobwhite 

quail

(Colinus 

virginianus)

LD50 >230.85 mg 

ai/kg-bw

NOAEC = 230 mg 

ai/kg-bw

Acceptable

48120218

Acute avian oral 

toxicity TEP (18.66%)

Northern bobwhite 

quail

(Colinus 

virginianus)

LD50 >376.9 mg 

ai/kg-bw

NOAEC = 376.9 

mg ai/kg-bw

Acceptable

48120305

Acute avian 

dietary toxicity TGAI (93.3%)

Northern bobwhite 

quail

(Colinus

virginianus)

LC50 >5620 mg 

ai/kg-diet

NOAEC = 5620 

mg ai/kg-diet

Acceptable

48120128

Acute avian 

dietary toxicity TGAI (93.3%)

Mallard duck

(Anas 

platyrhynchos)

LC50 > 5620 mg 

ai/kg-diet

NOAEC = 5620 

mg ai/kg-diet

Acceptable

48120127

Chronic avian 

toxicity TGAI (93.3%)

Mallard duck

(Anas 

platyrhynchos)

NOAEC = 1000* 

mg ai/kg-diet

LOAEC > 1000 

mg ai/kg-diet

Acceptable

48120115
67

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

Chronic avian 

toxicity TGAI (93.3%)

Northern bobwhite 

quail

(Colinus 

virginianus)

NOAEC = 1000* 

mg ai/kg-diet

LOAEC >1000 mg 

ai/kg-diet

Acceptable

48120116

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient

TEP – typical end-use product

*denotes endpoint used in risk quotient calculations

Mammals

The acute oral toxicity study for rats (Rattus norvegicus) indicated a non-definitive LD50

of >5000 mg ai/kg-bw (Table 28). No sub-lethal effects were observed and no 

mortalities occurred during the test. Based on these results, cyantraniliprole is classified 

as practically non-toxic to mammals on an acute oral exposure basis.

The two-generation reproduction study in rats was used to quantify the chronic effects of

exposure to cyantraniliprole (Table 28). The parent NOAEL (20 mg ai/kg diet; 1.4 mg 

ai/kg/day) was based on thyroid weight increase and corresponding dose-related increase 

in the incidence of thyroid follicular epithelial cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia. The 

offspring NOAEL (200 mg ai/kg diet; 14 mg ai/kg/day) was based on dose-related 

decreases in organ weights (thymus and spleen) and pup body weight decrease in the F2 

generation. Other effects in offspring included: dehydration, decreased body weight in 

the F1 generation at highest dose, decreases in brain weight, and decrease in the F2

adrenal gland weight. No effects were observed for reproduction and fertility endpoints; 

thus, the NOAEL was set at the highest concentration tested (20000 mg ai/kg-diet; 1344 

mg ai/kg/day).
68

Table 28. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity for Mammals

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoints MRID

Acute oral toxicity TGAI (94.5%)

Rat

(Rattus 

norvegicus)

LD50 >5000 mg ai/kg-bw 48208417

Two-generation 

reproduction study TGAI (94.5)

Rat

(Rattus 

norvegicus)

Parent

NOAEL =20 ppm (1.4 mg ai/kg/day)*

LOAEL =200 ppm (14 mg ai/kg/day)

Reproductive and Fertility

NOAEL =20000 ppm (1344 mg 

ai/kg/day)

LOAEL >20000 ppm (1344 mg

ai/kg/day)

Offspring

NOAEL = 200 ppm (14 mg ai/kg/day)

LOAEL = 2000 ppm (136 mg ai/kg/day)

48119967

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient

*denotes value used in risk quotient calculations

Terrestrial Invertebrates

Given that cyantraniliprole is an insecticide, a disproportionately large number of studies 

were submitted for terrestrial invertebrates, in comparison with other taxa considered in 

ecological risk assessments. As a systemic, cross-spectrum chemical, these studies are 

meant to demonstrate the effects that cyantraniliprole could have on non-target and 

beneficial insects; studies consider different exposure levels, the nature of the effects, and 

their persistence. In particular, the honeybee data are tiered and offer information about 

potential effects to individuals and whole colony effects. As studies become more 

complex (semi-field and field studies), conclusions are generally qualitative as the 

numerous variables and lack of replicates do not allow for statistical analysis. The 

studies are segregated into three sections: honeybees, earthworms, and other terrestrial 

invertebrates.

Honeybees

One guideline honeybee (acute contact toxicity) and one non-guideline honeybee (oral 

toxicity) test were submitted for technical-grade cyantraniliprole (Table 29). The LD50

values were both non-definitive (contact LD50 >0.0934 and oral LD50 >0.1055 μg ai/bee); 

a NOAEC of 0.0234 μg ai/bee was established for the contact test. Lethargy was the 

only reported sub-lethal effect and mortality was 2% (oral) and 34% (contact) at the 

highest treatment level. Although both studies resulted in non-definitive endpoints, since 

the studies did not test higher concentrations of cyantraniliprole, the chemical is 

classified as highly toxic to terrestrial invertebrates on both an acute oral and acute 

contact exposure basis.
69

In addition, acute oral (5 studies) and contact tests (4 studies) were submitted using 

typical end-use products (Table 29). Contact LD50 values ranged from 0.55 to 3.03 μg 

ai/bee and oral LD50 values ranged from 0.116 to 0.92 μg ai/bee for studies with 

cyantraniliprole as the sole active ingredient. Sub-lethal effects included lethargy and 

abnormal behavior. The relative toxicity of the technical grade active ingredient to the 

formulated products is an uncertainty since exposure to the TGAI resulted in nondefinitive values. The cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam formulation study yielded an acute 

contact LD50 of 0.058 μg ai/bee and an acute oral LD50 of 0.0062 μg ai/bee indicating 

that this formulation is more toxic to honeybees than technical cyantraniliprole. Given 

that thiamethoxam is highly toxic to bees (contact LD50 = 0.024 μg ai/bee; oral LD50 = 

0.005 μg ai/bee), it is likely that the presence of this insecticide is contributing to the 

overall toxicity of the cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam formulation (USEPA 2011c, 

DP391191). 

A foliage residues toxicity test (MRID 48120132) was performed to determine a residual 

contact toxicity duration for treated foliage. Alfalfa foliage was sprayed at a 

concentration of 0.12 lb ai/A and allowed to age for 3 to 72 hours. The dry foliage was 

then harvested and placed in test chambers with bees. The RT25 was less than 3 hours, 

indicating that at three hours after application, there was less than 25% mortality in bees 

coming into contact with treated foliage (actual mortality was ≤13%). Some sub-lethal 

effects were observed (loss of equilibrium, immobility, lethargy), but these represented 

less than 2% of the bees in the treatment groups. The results of this test are only 

applicable to contact toxicity. 

Multiple semi-field and field studies were performed with the honeybee. All of the 

studies were classified as “supplemental” because they contained methodological 

inconsistencies; however, it was felt that some useful information could be gleaned from 

the studies. The most serious methodological problems with the studies are that 1) they

did not include replication such that potential treatment effects could be statistically 

tested, and 2) that study colonies were apparently monitored in areas (following 

treatment) that did not appear to provide adequate forage and as a result, the colonies 

started to falter. Although the decline in colony strength was attributed by the study 

authors to colony overwintering, the declines were apparently in advance of when 

colonies would typically be adapting for winter. While it is likely that colonies will lose 

some bees (primarily drones) and that brood production will drop substantially as 

colonies prepare for overwintering, the basic number of workers should not decline. 

Colonies will lose workers during the overwintering process depending on weather; 

however, in some of the submitted field studies the colonies were showing declines by 

August, well before the colonies should have been preparing to overwinter. This makes it 

difficult to discern even qualitative differences between the treatment groups and controls

in the submitted studies.

In many studies, the design placed six honeybee colonies per acre, which may be high, 

depending on floral resources. Across studies, the extent to which the study fields were 

in bloom was usually not clear. Also, given the early spring time frame in which some of 
70

the studies were conducted, agricultural crops may not have been flowering but there may 

have been flowering trees that could have served as alternative forage for the study bees. 

Weather was also a factor that influenced the extent to which bees were foraging in the 

study; in at least one study, bees were not foraging at all after treatments presumably 

because of weather conditions. If this is the case, then it is unclear whether these weather 

events may have also reduced the residue levels on the treated crops (e.g., rain showers). 

Applications of 0.0089 or 0.089 lb ai/A to wheat treated with artificial honeydew (as an 

attractant) under semi-field conditions (tunnel study) resulted in short-term increases in

bee mortality (2 days) and reductions in worker bee foraging activities (MRID 

48120135). Reductions in foraging activities persisted through the end of the experiment 

at 6 days after the application of cyantraniliprole. A second semi-field (tunnel) study 

(MRID 48120136) applied cyantraniliprole to phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) at a rate 

of 0.089 lb ai/A during (≥ 5 bees/m2

) and after bee flight (night). The study indicated

that applications made while bees were foraging resulted in short-term [acute] mortality 

up to one day after the application; there were also changes to behavior and foraging 

activity. For applications at night, the only observed effect was a reduction in foraging 

activity when bees became active again. Reductions in foraging activity lasted two days 

after the application; the study was terminated after the full third day after application. A 

semi-field (tunnel) study on phacelia (MRID 48120138) examined the effects of two 

applications of cyantraniliprole at 0.0089 or 0.089 lb ai/A. Bee flight was reduced and 

mortality increased for both treatment groups when applications were made during bloom 

and active bee foraging. Effects lasted one (0.0089 lb ai/A) to two days (0.089 lb ai/A) 

after application. Sub-lethal effects, including transient signs of intoxication, repellency

and decreased foraging, were observed in both treatment groups. The treatments did not 

appear to affect brood development. 

A study of cyantraniliprole co-formulated with codacide oil applied to phacelia under 

semi-field (tunnel) conditions (MRID 48122539) tested cyantraniliprole at an application 

rate of 0.134 lb ai/A. The first application was made prior to hives being placed in the 

tunnels and the second application (15 days later) was made in the evening when bees 

were not foraging; hives were covered in foil to prevent contamination. The study 

showed that this application rate increased mortality for two days after treatment and 

reduced foraging activity for one day after the application. Some symptoms of increased 

grooming activity and intoxication were also observed on the day after treatment. There 

were no effects to brood development or colony strength, including brood termination 

rate (percent of brood that die); however brood development was only measured for 27 

days after cyantraniliprole application. 

The 0.134 lb ai/A application rate was tested in another study on oilseed rape (Brassica 

napus) under semi-field (tunnel) where the cyantraniliprole was once again co-formulated 

with codacide oil. Two applications of 0.134 lb ai/A were made prior to crop flowering 

and hive presence. No treatment-related effects on mortality or foraging activity were 

observed, although some abnormal behaviors (bees flying at hive entrance and cleaning 

behavior) were documented (MRID 48122546). Effects on brood development or colony 

strength were monitored for 28 days after treatment. No differences between the 
71

treatments and controls were noted, although the queen was replaced in one of the 

treatment groups, but it was not considered treatment-related. 

Another study where cyantraniliprole was co-formulated with codacide oil and applied to 

oilseed rape under semi-field (tunnel) conditions (MRID 48122547) reported similar 

results for mortality and foraging activity as the study discussed in the preceding

paragraph. Rates were the same and applications occurred before crop flowering and the 

introduction of bees into the tunnels. Normal bee behavior was recorded throughout the 

experiment. For brood and colony strength, observations were made for 27 days; one 

dead queen was noted in a treatment group, but was not considered treatment-related. 

Pollen and nectar stores decreased over this time at comparable rates between the 

treatments and controls, but enough resources remained to support the hive. Colonies 

treated with the reference item were completely depleted of pollen and nectar.

In a full field study with oilseed rape, cyantraniliprole, co-formulated with codacide oil 

(MRID 48122551) was tested at application rates of 0.134 lb ai/A (Treatment 1) and 

0.011 lb ai/A (Treatment 2). The study noted an increase in mortality (32 dead bees/day 

in Treatment 1, 17 dead bees/day in Treatment 2, and 7-8 dead bees/day in the control)

after the second application of each rate; however, no statistics were employed. Effects 

lasted one day after application in Treatment 1 and six days after application in Treatment 

2. No effects on flight activity were identified; however, low flight activity in the 

control, possibly induced by cold weather, may have masked an effect in treated colonies. 

Cramping bees and aggressive behavior towards the observer were noted on the day of 

the treatment; normal behavior was observed beginning one day after application. The

study followed brood development and colony strength for 346 days after treatment. The 

number of brood cells drastically decreased in all hives between the 27th and 41st day 

after cyantraniliprole application (percent decrease: controls 19%; Treatment 1 39%;

Treatment 2 32%); similarly, total numbers of adult bees decreased from day 54 (June) to 

day 145 (percent decrease: controls 66%; Treatment 1 58%; and Treatment 2 71%). 

Decreases began early in the season and likely signified poor foraging conditions for all 

of the colonies. At the end of overwintering, colony sizes had decreased by a factor of 

3.7x (Treatment 1) and a factor of roughly 6x (Treatment 2 and control) compared with 

hive size at the mid-June measurement the preceding summer. Despite these large 

decreases in colony strength, the hives survived the winter. All brood and developmental 

stages were present except in one control hive and one treatment hive (18 hives total in 

the study). 

In another full-field study (MRID 48122553) in oilseed rape, researchers tested the

formulated product at same application rates as the preceding study, but applications 

were made during active bee foraging and at night. There were no changes in mortality 

after two applications of 0.134 lb ai/A; flight activity could not be quantified because 

sampling occurred at variable intervals because of cold and rainy weather. For the 0.011 

lb ai/A rate, mortality was not affected either, but there was a decrease in flight activity (3 

bees/m2 in treatment group versus 4 bees/m2 in the control) through the third day after 

application. 
72

In a study of cyantraniliprole co-formulated with codacide oil in oilseed rape (MRID 

48122558), two applications at 0.08 lb ai/A were made. The first treatment occurred 

before flowering and the introduction of bees into the field. The second application 

occurred either at night (Treatment 1) or during active bee foraging (Treatment 2). The 

second application made at night did not increase mortality; however, foraging activity 

was decreased (0 to 1 bee/m2 in treatment compared to 2 to 4 bees/m2 in the control) for 

three days after application. The second application made during bee flight resulted in a 

3-fold increase in mortality, compared with the control, for up to five days after the 

application. Flight activity was reduced (1 bee/m2 in treatment compared to 2 to 4 

bees/m2 in the control) for three days after the application. The study evaluated brood 

and colony health up until the start of overwintering (170 days after application). No 

differences were noted in brood condition or colony health between the controls and 

treatment groups. 

Another full field study on oilseed rape with cyantraniliprole alone (MRID 48122557)

followed the hive through overwintering to the spring (323 days after treatment). Two 

applications of 0.08 lb ai/A were made. The first occurred before flowering and the 

introduction of bees into the field. The second application occurred either at night 

(Treatment 1) or during active bee foraging (Treatment 2). There was no effect on 

mortality for Treatment 1. Effects on mortality for Treatment 2 (160 dead bees/day in 

treatment compared to 15 dead bees/day in the control) persisted for 5 days after the 

second application. Flight activity was not affected for either treatment group; however, 

differences may have been masked by several days of bad weather. No differences were 

observed for brood condition or colony health between the control and Treatment 1 

(application at night); however, Treatment 2 (application made during bee flight) had a 

much smaller average size colony (5731 bees) than either Treatment 1 (15308 bees) or 

the control (14086 bees) at the end of overwintering. In other words, the control colonies 

increased in numbers of worker bees by roughly 102%; Treatment 1 increased by roughly 

3%; and Treatment 2 declined by roughly 37%. Comparing the numbers from the 

overwintered colonies to those for the colonies originally, i.e., 1 year period, the controls 

and Treatment 1 had increased by factors of 1.5x and 1.3x, respectively; however, 

Treatment 2 had declined by a factor of 2.1x. This suggests that the colonies from 

Treatment 2 were not similar to Treatment 1; however, the reason for this difference is 

uncertain. Several colonies died during the winter: two controls and one in each 

treatment group. 

A full field study on cyantraniliprole co-formulated with codacide oil on melon (Cucumis 

melo) (MRID 48688806) also tested two applications of 0.08 lb ai/A. For Treatment 1, 

applications occurred at night – one at the start of flowering and a second application 7 

days later. For Treatment 2, applications occurred at the same intervals as Treatment 1, 

but during active bee foraging periods. No effects were observed on mortality in 

Treatment 1, but Treatment 2 exhibited an increase in mortality (49 dead bees/day in 

Treatment 2 compared with 8 dead bees/day in the control) for up to one day after the

first application, but no effects after the second. No differences were documented in 

foraging activity in either treatment, but bad weather conditions may have masked the 

effects. At the start of the study (29 July 2011), the mean colony sizes were 10795, 
73

10988 and 9157 honeybees in Treatment 1, Treatment 2 and the control, respectively. 

Colony size quickly declined in all groups over the following observation points, with the 

lowest mean colony size being observed at 8 September 2011 in all groups, i.e. 3709, 

4141 and 1399 honeybees in Treatment 1, Treatment 2 and the control. The study 

attributes the decline to preparation for overwintering, but the decline occurs earlier in the 

season than would be expected for this explanation. It is uncertain whether foraging 

conditions for the hives were sufficient and whether the decline was a result of limited 

floral resources. Despite this decline, brood number counts after overwintering (202 days 

after application) were similar to those at the beginning of the study. At the start of the 

study, all hives (controls and treatments) exhibited ~15% of their combs covered in 

brood. After overwintering, the percent of combs covered in brood were ~18% for the 

controls and 23-26% for the treatment groups. Many of the hives in the study were 

subject to varroa mite infestations during the course of the study.

Another full-field study of cyantraniliprole plus codacide oil applied to oilseed rape also 

had hives that became infested with varroa mites (MRID 48122552). The study tested 

application rates of 0.134 and 0.011 lb ai/A. The first application was made before 

flowering and the introduction of bees to the field. The second application occurred 

during flowering at night (Treatment 1) or during active bee foraging (Treatment 2). An 

increase in mortality (84 dead bees/day in Treatment 1 compared to 12 dead bees per day 

in the control) persisted for one day after the second application in Treatment 1. No 

effects on mortality were seen in Treatment 2. Reductions in flight activity were also 

documented after the second applications of cyantraniliprole (Treatments 1 and 2 = 1 

bee/m2

; control = 4 bees/m2); effects lasted for one day after treatment. Sub-lethal effects 

included impaired locomotion and cramping. An additional observation was that hives 

not exposed to cyantraniliprole (controls) appeared better able to resist the infestation 

than those hives that were exposed. This suggests that while cyantraniliprole may have 

limited effects on honeybees by itself, when combined with other real-world stressors, 

hive health may be affected. The study did not show any effects to brood development or 

colony strength. 

Acute oral toxicity information was available for three of cyantraniliprole’s degradates

(Table 30). Two of the degradates (IN-HGW87 and IN-J9Z38) may be more toxic on an 

acute oral exposure basis than the parent, but given that the endpoints were nondefinitive, there is uncertainty. Sub-lethal effects (lethargic and moribund bees) were 

only reported for IN-HGW87 (MRID 48120184). This indicates that two of the

cyantraniliprole degradates should be carefully considered for their toxicological effects 

in addition to the parent.

Several field studies measured residues of cyantraniliprole and its degradates in pollen, 

honey, wax, and guttation fluid (Table 31). Cyantraniliprole residues were detected in all 

of the studies; however, the degradate detection was more limited. Only three degradates 

(IN-J9Z38, IN-HGW87, IN-MYX98) were detected in guttation fluid, despite testing for 

a larger array of degradates across multiple food items. Of these, toxicity information is 

available for IN-J9Z38 and IN-HGW87.
74

Table 29. Summary of Honeybee Toxicity Information

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(μg ai/bee)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute oral and 

contact toxicity TGAI (93.4%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Oral

48-hr LD50 > 

0.1055

Contact

48-hr LD50 > 

0.0934

NOAEC = 0.0234

Acceptable

48120090

Acute oral and 

contact toxicity TEP (10.26%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Oral

48-hr LD50 = 0.39

NOAEL = 0.086

Contact

48-hr LD50 = 1.2

NOAEL = 0.19

Acceptable

48120113

Acute oral and 

contact toxicity TEP (10.26%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Oral

96-hr LD50 = 0.92

Contact

48-hr LD50 = 3.03

NOAEL < 0.5

Acceptable

48120164

Acute oral and 

contact toxicity TEP (18.66%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Oral

96-hr LD50 = 0.404

NOAEL = 0.034

Contact

48-hr LD50 = 

0.55**

NOAEL = 0.025

Acceptable

48120137

Acute oral and 

contact toxicity

TEP (20.6%)

Other ai -

thiamethoxam

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Oral

48-hr LD50 = 

0.0062**

Contact

48-hr LD50 = 

0.058**

Acceptable

48432530

Acute oral toxicity TEP (20%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

Oral

48-hr LD50 = 

0.116**

Supplemental

48432416

TGAI = technical grade active ingredient

TEP = typical end-use product

**may be considered in spray drift analysis
75

Table 30. Summary of Select Cyantraniliprole Degradates to Honeybees

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(μg/bee)

Classification and 

MRID

Acute oral toxicity IN-HGW87 

(74.1%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

72-hr LD50 = 0.298

NOAEL = 0.143

Supplemental

48120184

Acute oral toxicity IN-HGW87 

(74.1%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

48-hr LD50 > 0.030

NOAEL = 0.030

Supplemental

48122518

Acute oral toxicity IN-J9Z38 (96.4%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

48-hr LD50 > 

0.00834

Supplemental

48120185

Acute oral toxicity IN-K5A78 

(96.1%)

Honeybee

(Apis mellifera)

48-hr LD50 > 45.61

NOAEC = 45.61

Supplemental

48122514

Table 31. Summary of Cyantraniliprole and Degradate Concentrations Detected in 

Pollen, Nectar, Wax, Guttation Water, and Honey

Application Rate

(lb ai/A)

Cyantraniliprole Residues 

(mg ai/kg)1

Other Degradates (mg 

ai/kg)1 MRID

Foliar oilseed rape

2 at 0.08 (20 days)

Honey = 0.013

Pollen = 0.019

Wax = 0.033

Guttation = 3.092

LOQ = 0.005

Guttation

IN-J9Z38 = 0.046

IN-HGW87 = 0.010

IN-MYX98 = 0.008

LOQ = 0.005

48122557

Foliar oilseed rape

2 at 0.08 (16 days)

Honey = 0.020

Pollen = 0.065

Wax = 0.030

Guttation = 0.647

LOQ = 0.005

Guttation

IN-J9Z38 = 0.012

IN-HGW87 = 0.008

IN-MYX98 = 0.007

LOQ = 0.005

48122558

Foliar oilseed rape

2 at 0.134 (15 

days)

Pollen (median) = 0.025

Honey = 0.005

LOQ = 0.005

Not available 48122553

Foliar oilseed rape

2 at 0.011 (15 

days)

Pollen (median) = 0.011

Wax = 0.008

LOQ = 0.005

Not available 48122553

Foliar oilseed rape

2 at 0.134 (17 

days)

Honey = 0.005

Pollen = 0.077

LOQ = 0.005

IN-J9Z38 = 0.007 and 0.010

LOQ = 0.005

48122552

Foliar oilseed rape

2 at 0.011 (17 

days)

Pollen = 0.042

LOQ = 0.005

Not available 48122552

Foliar oilseed rape

2 at 0.011 (15 

days)

Honey (median) = 0.006

Pollen = 0.009

Wax = 0.011

LOQ = 0.005

Not available 48122551

Foliar oilseed rape Honey (median) = 0.008 Not available 48122551
76

Application Rate

(lb ai/A)

Cyantraniliprole Residues 

(mg ai/kg)1

Other Degradates (mg 

ai/kg)1 MRID

2 at 0.134 (15 

days)

Pollen = 0.062

Wax = 0.017

LOQ = 0.005

Drip irrigated 

melon

3 at 0.089 (7 days)

Pollen = 0.012

Nectar = 0.026

Guttation = 0.066

LOQ = 0.005

Not available 48122548

LOQ = level of quantification

1

Values reported are maximums unless otherwise stated.

Other Terrestrial Invertebrates

Data were also available for parasitic wasp (Aphidius rhopalosiphi), predatory mites

(Typhlodromus pyri and Hypoaspis aculeifer), rove beetles (Aleochara bilineata),

ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata), green lacewings (Chrysoperla carnea),

lycosid spiders (Pardosa spp.), and collembolan (Folsomia candida) (Table 32). These 

are non-guideline studies and thus were classified as “supplemental” information.

Extended acute toxicity studies for parasitoids were available. Several studies 

determined the residue concentration (i.e., residues on foliage) that results in 50%

mortality for parasitoids (LR50). The 48-hr LR50 values for cyantraniliprole ranged from 

0.00008 to > 0.004 lb ai/A. In studies where parasitoids were exposed to various agedresidues (MRIDs 48120188 and 48120193), behavioral sub-lethal effects were noted 

(moribund and lethargic wasps). A study examining the effects of the cyantraniliprolethiamethoxam residues on wasps (MRID 48432419) found 87.5% morality (2 apps at 

0.04 lb ai/A; 14-day interval) and 27.5% mortality (2 apps at 0.004 lb ai/A; 14-day 

interval) after an exposure period of 48 hours immediately (after spray had dried on the 

leaves) following the second application of cyantraniliprole. In a study examining the 

effects of cyantraniliprole on wasp mummies (MRID 48122519), the hatch-rate of adults 

was not affected up to 0.014 lb ai/A. Several other semi-field studies examined the 

effects of cyantraniliprole on parasitism rates. MRID 48122501 demonstrated that the 

parasitism rate was not affected at application rates of 0.002 lb ai/A; whereas, MRIDs

48208411 and 48208412 documented effects a reduction (i.e., decreased reproduction) on 

parasitism rates at 0.003 to 0.016 lb ai/A.

The effects of cyantraniliprole were evaluated using rove beetles resulting in an LR50

>0.027 lb ai/A; no sub-lethal effects were reported in the study. A follow-on residue 

study (MRID 48208413) demonstrated 100% mortality when rove beetles were exposed 

to 2-day aged residues at application rates of either 1.25 lb ai/A or 0.89 lb ai/A (7-day 

interval); however, when residues were aged 30 and 85 days, no effects were observed. 

The ladybird beetle yielded a LR50 of 0.039 to 0.055 lb ai/A; no reproductive effects were 

noted. A residue study (MRID 48120199) showed 66.7% mortality in ladybird beetles 

exposed to freshly dried residues of cyantraniliprole (10.26%). Effects on survival and 

reproduction were less than 50% after 14 and 28 days of residue aging. Another aged 
77

residue test (MRID 48120192) demonstrated no mortality or reproductive effects when 

ladybird beetles were exposed to 14 or 28 day aged residues (2 applications at 0.134 lb 

ai/A, 7-day interval); exposures occurred after the second application of cyantraniliprole.

Acute contact toxicity studies were provided for the predatory mite. These studies 

present various concentrations of dried residues to mites for 7 to 14 day exposure periods. 

The route of exposure is through physical contact. The acute contact toxicity of

cyantraniliprole to predatory mites ranged from LR50 >0.205 to >0.267 lb ai/A. Contact 

toxicity with the cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam product was LR50 >0.092 lb ai/A. 

Toxicity was measured with the soil mite. Mites were exposed for 14 days to soil with 

various concentrations of cyantraniliprole. The EC50 was greater than1000 mg ai/kg-soil, 

based on mortality and reproductive effects; no sub-lethal effects were reported. Toxicity 

data were available for several degradates too (see Table 32). All toxicity values were 

non-definitive, but several were lower (EC50 >100 mg ai/kg-soil) than the parent. 

Several field studies were available for predatory mites as well. There was no significant 

reduction (≥50%) in the mite population after two cyantraniliprole applications of 0.134 

lb ai/A (7-day interval) (MRID 48120189). Another mite study (MRID 48120190) 

exhibited similar results after testing the same rate with a 14-day application interval).

Toxicity data were available for the green lacewing. The LR50 ranged from 0.198 to 

0.232 lb ai/A and a decrease in hatching rate was seen at concentrations greater than

0.154 lb ai/A. MRID 48120198 found no effects on mortality or reproduction on the day 

of application or 14 days later when two applications of 0.009 lb ai/A (7-day interval) 

were applied. Another residue test (MRID 48120191) found no mortality or reproductive

effects when lacewings were exposed to aged residues (2 applications at 0.134 lb ai/A, 7-

day interval). Lacewings were placed with residues that had been aged for various 

periods of time and they were followed through pupation, to adult, through 7 days after 

egg lying.

A number of studies were available for collembola. An EC50 was established at >1200 

mg ai/kg-soil (no sub-lethal effects) for cyantraniliprole. A field study (MRID 

48208453) showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in various species of 

collembola for up to 88 days after applying two applications of up to 1.25 lb ai/A (7-day 

interval). Toxicity studies for degradates also were available (see entries in Table 32). 

Most of the toxicity values were non-definitive; therefore, it is not possible to determine 

the relative toxicity to the parent compound Two degradates (IN-QKV54 and INRNU71) yielded definitive toxicity values that were much more toxic than the parent 

(EC50 = 98.3 and 20.3 mg ai/kg-soil, respectively). 

A litterbag study with micro arthropods was conducted (MRID 48208451). Soil was 

treated with cyantraniliprole and then the microarthropods were sampled at 92 and 143 

days after the treatment. The study showed that an application of 0.047 lb ai/A followed 

by an application of 0.267 lb ai/ A (11-day interval) had no effect on the abundance of 

micro arthropods in the soil.
78

The lycosid spider yielded a LR50 of >0.356 lb ai/A with no sub-lethal effects reported.

Table 32. Summary of Acute and Chronic Toxicity Data for Terrestrial Arthropods

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

parasitoid TEP (18.66%)

Parasitic wasp

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

48-hr LR50 = 

0.0003 lb ai/A

48-hr ER50 = 

0.0003 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120155

Acute toxicity to 

parasitoid TEP (10.26%)

Parasitic wasp

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

48-hr LR50 = 

0.00009 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120130

Acute toxicity to 

parasitoid TEP (10.26%)

Parasitic wasp

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

48-hr LR50 = 

0.00008 lb ai/A

48-hr ER50 > 

0.0001 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120163

Extended acute 

toxicity to 

parasitoid

TEP (10.26%)

Parasitic wasp 

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

48-hr LR50 = 0.001 

lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120161

Extended acute 

toxicity to 

parasitoid

TEP (10.26%)

Parasitic wasp 

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

LR50 >0.004 lb 

ai/A

ER50 > 0.392 lb 

ai/A

Supplemental

48122516

Extended acute 

toxicity to 

parasitoid

TEP (10.26%)

Parasitic wasp

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

48-hr LR50 = 0.002 

lb ai/A

48-hr ER50 > 0.001 

lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120168

Extended acute 

toxicity to 

parasitoid

TEP (10.26%)

Parasitic wasp

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

48-hr LR50 >0.002 

lb ai/A

48-hr ER50 <0.002 

lb ai/A

Supplemental

48122517

Extended acute 

toxicity to 

parasitoid

TEP (20%) with 

thiamethoxam 

(20%)

Parasitic wasp

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

48-hr LR50 = 

0.0037 lb ai/A

NOAEC = 0.0001 

lb ai/A (based on 

mortality)

Supplemental

48432417

Residue toxicity to 

parasitoid TEP (10.26%)

Parasitic wasp

(Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi)

Fresh-dried 

residues

48-hr LR50 = 0.018 

lb ai/A

48-hr ER50 >0.017 

lb ai/A

Aged residues

48-hr ER50 >0.017 

lb ai/A

Supplemental

48663805

Acute toxicity to 

predatory mite TEP (10.26%)

Predatory mite

(Typhlodromus 

pyri)

7-d LR50 > 0.205 

lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120129

Acute toxicity to 

predatory mite TEP (18.66%)

Predatory mite

(Typhlodromus 

7-d LR50 >0.205 lb 

ai/A

14-d ER50 >0.205 

Supplemental

48120154
79

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

pyri) lb ai/A

Acute toxicity to 

predatory mite TEP (10.26%)

Predatory mite

(Typhlodromus 

pyri)

7-d LR50 >0.267 lb 

ai/A

14-d ER50 >0.267 

lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120162

Acute contact 

toxicity to 

predatory mite

TEP (20%) with 

thiamethoxam

Predatory mite

(Typhlodromus 

pyri)

7-day LR50 >0.091 

lb ai/A

NOAEC = 0.091 

lb ai/A

Supplemental

48432418

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite TGAI (94.5%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg ai/kg-soil

14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg ai/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg ai/kg-soil

Supplemental

48120183

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INJ9Z38 (97.2%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INJ9Z38/kg-soil

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INJ9Z38/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-J9Z38/kgsoil

Supplemental

48122511

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INJCZ38 (94.4%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INJCZ38/kg-soil

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INJCZ38/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-JCZ38/kgsoil

Supplemental

41822504

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INJSE76 (93.8%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INJSE76/kg-soil

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INJSE76/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-JSE76/kgsoil

Supplemental

48122510

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INK5A77 (92.3%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A77/kg-soil

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A77/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-K5A77/kgsoil

Supplemental

48120197

Reproduction 

effects on 

Degradate INK5A78 (96.5%)Predatory mite 14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INSupplemental
80

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

predatory mite (Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

K5A78/kg-soil

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A78/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-K5A78/kgsoil

48122507

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INK5A79 (84.4%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A79/kg-soil

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A79/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-K5A79/kgsoil

Supplemental

48122506

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INPLT97 (87.0%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INPLT97/kg-soil

14-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INPLT97/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-PLT97/kgsoil

Supplemental

48120196

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INQKV54 (98.1%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day EC50 >100 

mg IN-QKV54/kgsoil

NOAEC = 100 mg 

IN-QKV54/kg-soil

Supplemental

48208415

Reproduction 

effects on 

predatory mite

Degradate INRNU71 (92.4%)

Predatory mite

(Hypoaspis 

aculeifer)

14-day EC50 >100 

mg IN-RNU71/kgsoil

NOAEC = 100 mg 

IN-RNU71/kg-soil

Supplemental

48208414

Acute toxicity to 

beetle TEP (18.66%)

Rove beetle

(Aleochara 

bilineata)

LR50 > 0.027 lb 

ai/A

ER50 = 0.05 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120165

Acute toxicity to 

beetle TEP (10.26%)

Ladybird beetle

(Coccinella 

septempunctata)

12-day LR50 = 

0.055 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120160

Extended 

laboratory test on 

ladybird beetle

TEP (10.26%)

Ladybird beetle

(Coccinella 

septempunctata)

12-day LR50 = 

0.039 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120170

Extended toxicity 

to green lacewing TEP (10.26%)

Green lacewing

(Chrysoperla 

carnea)

12-day LR50 = 

0.232 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120159

Extended toxicity 

to green lacewing TEP (10.26%)

Green lacewing

(Chrysoperla 

12-day LR50 = 

0.189 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120169
81

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

carnea)

Acute toxicity to 

spider TEP (18.66%)

Lycosid spider

(Pardosa spp.)

14-day LR50 > 

0.356 lb ai/A

Supplemental

48120166

Extended toxicity 

to collembola TGAI (94.5%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day EC50 > 

1200 mg/kg-soil

NOAEC 0.0800 

mg/kg-soil

Supplemental

48122530

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INJ9Z38 (97.2%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INJ9Z38/kg-soil

28-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INJ9Z38/kg-soil

NOAEC = 500 mg 

IN-J9Z38/kg-soil 

(based on 

mortality)

Supplemental

48122512

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INJCZ38 (94.4%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 > 48 

mg IN-JCZ38/kgsoil

28-day EC50 = 

47.25 mg INJCZ38/kg-soil

NOAEC = 12 mg 

IN-JCZ38/kg-soil 

(based on 

reproduction)

Supplemental

48122505

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INJSE76 (93.8%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 > 250 

mg IN-JSE76/kgsoil

28-day EC50 > 250 

mg IN-JSE76/kgsoil

NOAEC = 250 mg 

IN-JSE76/kg-soil

Supplemental

48122513

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INK5A77 (92.3%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A77/kg-soil

28-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A77/kg-soil

NOAEC < 62.5 

mg IN-K5A77/kgsoil (based on 

mortality and 

reproduction)

Supplemental

48120194

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INK5A78 (96.5%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A78/kg-soil

28-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INK5A78/kg-soil

Supplemental

48122509
82

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-K5A78/kgsoil

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INK5A79 (84.4%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 >125 

mg IN-K5A79/kgsoil

28-day EC50 > 125 

mg IN-K5A79/kgsoil

NOAEC = 125 mg 

IN-K5A79/kg-soil

Supplemental

48122508

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INPLT97 (87.0%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 > 

1000 mg INPLT97/kg-soil

28-day EC50 > 

1000 mg INPLT97/kg-soil

NOAEC = 1000 

mg IN-PLT97/kgsoil

Supplemental

48120195

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INQKV54 (98.3%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day EC50 = 98.3 

IN-QKV54/kg-soil

NOAEC = 98.3 

IN-QKV54/kg-soil

Supplemental

48122573

Extended toxicity 

to collembola

Degradate INRNU71 (92.4%)

Collembola

(Folsomia 

candida)

28-day LC50 = 20.3 

mg IN-RNU71/kgsoil

28-day EC50 = 

18.77 mg INRNU71/kg-soil

NOAEC = 12.5 

mg IN-RNU71/kgsoil (based on 

reproduction)

Supplemental

48122574

TEP = typical end-use product

TGAI = technical grade active ingredient

Earthworms

Several studies measured the acute toxicity of cyantraniliprole and its typical end-use 

products to earthworms (Eisenia fetida; Table 33). The LC50 values were all nondefinitive and ranged from >102.6 to >1030 mg ai/kg-soil, including formulations with 

thiamethoxam. The only sub-lethal effect observed was biomass loss in the 

cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam product. Two reproduction studies with TGAI showed 

the NOAEC to be the highest dose tested (956 mg ai/kg-soil); tests with TEP resulted in a 

NOAEC of 102.6 mg ai/kg-soil. No adverse effects were observed on earthworms using 

either the TGAI or TEP at the maximum soil concentrations tested. Degradates were also 

tested for their acute and reproductive/growth toxicity. All endpoints were nondefinitive and again, no adverse effects were observed at the highest soil concentrations 

tested.
83

Table 33. Summary of Toxicity Data for Earthworms

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm TGAI (94.5%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 >945 

mg ai/kg-soil

NOAEC = 945 mg 

ai/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120158

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm TEP (18.66%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50

>186.6 mg ai/kgsoil

NOAEC = 186.6 

mg ai/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120322

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm TEP (10.26%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50

>102.6 mg ai/kgsoil

NOAEC = 102.6 

mg ai/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120219

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm TEP (40.7%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50

>1017.5 mg ai/kgsoil

NOAEC = 1017.5 

mg ai/kg-soil

Acceptable

48432420

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

TEP (20.6%) with 

thiamethoxam

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 >1030 

mg ai/kg-soil

NOAEC = 128.8 

mg ai/kg-soil

Acceptable

48432531

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

TGAI (94.5%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

56-day NOAEC = 

945 mg ai/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120167

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

TEP (10.26%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

28-day LC50 >

102.6 mg ai/kgsoil

56-day NOAEC = 

102.6 mg ai/kgsoil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120216

Degradates

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

Degradate INJ9Z38 (96.4%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 > 964 

mg IN-J9Z38/kgsoil

NOAEC = 964 mg 

IN-J9Z38/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120122

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

Degradate INJCZ38 (92.1%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 > 921 

mg IN-JCZ38/kgsoil

Acceptable

48120123
84

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

NOAEC = 921 mg 

IN-JCZ38/kg-soil

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

Degradate INJSE76 (93.8%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 > 938 

mg IN-JSE76/kgsoil

NOAEC = 938 mg 

IN-JSE76/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120144

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

Degradate INK5A77 (95.3%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 > 953 

mg IN-K5A77/kgsoil

NOAEC = 953 mg 

IN-K5A77/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120126

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

Degradate INK5A78 (94.9%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 > 949 

mg IN-K5A78/kgsoil

NOAEC = 949 mg 

IN-K5A78/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120141

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

Degradate INK5A79 (84.4%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 > 844 

mg IN-K5A79/kgsoil

NOAEC = 844 mg 

IN-K5A79/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120150

Acute toxicity to 

earthworm

Degradate INPLT97 (87.0%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

14-day LC50 > 870 

mg IN-PLT97/kgsoil

NOAEC = 870 mg 

IN-PLT97/kg-soil

Acceptable

48120149

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INJ9Z38 (97.2%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

56-day NOAEC = 

1000 mg INJ9Z38/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120176

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INJCZ38 (94.4%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

56-day NOAEC = 

1000 mg INJCZ38/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120180

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INJSE76 (93.8%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

56-day NOAEC = 

938 mg INJSE76/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120181

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

Degradate INK5A77 (92.3%)Earthworm 56-day NOAEC = 

923 mg INSupplemental
85

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

earthworm (Eisenia fetida) K5A77/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

48120182

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INK5A78 (96.5%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

56-day NOAEC = 

1000 mg INK5A78/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120179

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INK5A79 (84.4%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

56-day NOAEC = 

1000 mg INK5A79/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120178

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INPLT97 (87.0%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

56-day NOAEC = 

1000 INPLT97/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48120177

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INQKV54 (98.3%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

28-day LC50 > 98.3 

mg IN-QKV54/kgsoil

56-day NOAEC = 

98.3 mg INQKV54/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction.

Supplemental

48122520

Reproduction and 

growth effects on 

earthworm

Degradate INRNU71 (92.4%)

Earthworm

(Eisenia fetida)

28-day LC50 > 92.4 

mg IN-RNU71/kgsoil

56-day NOAEC = 

92.4 mg INRNU71/kg-soil

Based on no 

mortality or 

changes in growth 

and reproduction

Supplemental

48122522

TEP = typical end-use product
86

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint Classification and 

MRID

TGAI = technical grade active ingredient

b. Terrestrial Plants

Results of the seedling emergence and vegetative vigor studies of various 

monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants used in agriculture indicated that the EC25

values are greater than the maximum application rate tested, i.e., EC25>0.134 lbs ai/A

(Table 34) using the technical end-product containing 10.26% active ingredient. The 

application rate of 0.134 lb ai/A used in the studies is one of the single maximum 

application rates proposed for use for many of the agricultural crops. The monocot 

NOAEC in vegetative vigor study (MRID 48120186) was based on decreased plant 

height. None of the other endpoints measured in the study had statistically significant 

differences from controls. The “supplemental” studies are classified as such because the 

controls of several of the species in each study failed to meet germination requirements or 

exhibited visual signs of ill-health. Only endpoints from species that had controls that 

performed well are considered in this risk assessment. 

Table 34. Summary of Toxicity Data for Terrestrial Plants

Study Test Material Species Toxicity Endpoint 

(lb ai/A)

Classification and 

MRID

Seedling 

emergence test TEP (10.26%)

Corn (Zea mays),

Cucumber 

(Cucumis sativa), 

oilseed rape 

(Brassica napus), 

soybean (Glycine 

max),

Monocot (corn)

EC25 >0.134

NOAEC = 0.134*

Dicot (all others)

EC25 >0.134

NOAEC = 0.134*

Supplemental

48122575

Vegetative vigor 

test TEP (10.26%)

Corn (Zea mays), 

oat (Avena sativa), 

ryegrass (Lolium

perenne)

Oilseed rape 

(Brassica napus), 

pea (Pisum 

sativum), soybean 

(Glycine max)

Monocot (all)

EC25 >0.134

Dicot (all)

EC25 >0.134

Supplemental

48120173

Vegetative vigor 

test TEP (10.26%)

Onion (Allium 

cepa)

Cucumber 

(Cucumis sativa), 

sugar beet (Beta 

vulgaris)

Monocot (onion)

EC25 >0.134

NOAEC = 0.067*

Dicot (cucumber, 

sugar beet)

EC25 >0.134

NOAEC = 0.134*

Acceptable

48120186

TEP – typical end-use product

*denotes endpoint used in risk quotient calculations
87

IV. Risk Characterization

A. Risk Estimation - Integration of Exposure and Effects Data

Toxicity data and exposure estimates discussed in the preceding sections are used to 

evaluate the potential for adverse ecological effects on non-target species. For this 

screening-level assessment of cyantraniliprole, the deterministic risk quotient (RQ)

method is used to provide a metric of potential risks. The RQ is a comparison of 

exposure estimates to toxicity endpoints; EECs are divided by acute and chronic toxicity 

values. The resulting unitless RQs are then compared to the Agency’s levels of concern 

(LOCs) (see Appendix H), which are the Agency’s interpretive policy such that when 

LOCs are exceeded, the need for regulatory action may be considered. The LOCs are 

used to indicate when the use of a pesticide, as directed on the label, has the potential to 

cause adverse effects on non-target organisms.

1. Non-target Aquatic Animals and Plants

Aquatic Animals

Cyantraniliprole is classified as “slightly to moderately toxic” to freshwater fish on an 

acute exposure basis. Only non-definitive data were available for cyantraniliprole TGAI, 

thus risk quotients were not calculated. Toxicity tests with TEP yielded definitive 

toxicity values that were more sensitive than cyantraniliprole TGAI, but these will be 

discussed in the Risk Description section. Risk quotients calculated for chronic 

exposures to cyantraniliprole ranged from <0.001 to 0.003 and were all well below the 

chronic risk to listed and non-listed species LOC of 1. Therefore, the likelihood of 

adverse effects to freshwater fish and by extension to aquatic-phase amphibians for which 

freshwater fish serve as surrogates from chronic exposure to cyantraniliprole is 

considered low (Table 35).

Cyantraniliprole is classified as “slightly toxic” to estuarine/marine fish on an acute 

exposure basis. Chronic and acute toxicity data were non-definitive, thus risk quotients 

were not calculated. A further description of the acute and chronic risks can be found in 

the Risk Description section. Therefore, the likelihood of adverse effects from either 

acute or chronic exposure to cyantraniliprole is considered low.

Table 35. RQs for Chronic Freshwater Fish (Based on Surface Water EECs)

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

Brassica vegetable - 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 22.19 0.002

Brassica leafy vegetable – 2 apps at 0.175 lb 

ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 20.66 0.002

Brassica leafy vegetable – 2 apps at 0.175 lb 

ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 16.75 0.002

Brassica leafy vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb 

ai/A (5 days) (A) 16.64 0.002
88

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

Brassica leafy vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb 

ai/A (5 days) (G) 12.65 0.001

Bushberries – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(A) 13.17 0.001

Bushberries – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(G) 8.64 0.001

Citrus – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 15.30 0.001

Citrus – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 13.34 0.001

Citrus – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 9.98 0.001

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(CA cotton) 8.98 0.001

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(CA cotton) 5.96 0.001

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(MS cotton) 28.50 0.003

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(MS cotton) 26.44 0.002

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(NC cotton) 37.42 0.003

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(NC cotton) 35.06 0.003

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 

0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) 31.82 0.003

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 

0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) 30.57 0.003

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (10 days) (C) 4.21 <0.001

Cucurbits – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 7.91 0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (FL peppers) 14.56 0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (FL peppers) 12.65 0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (CA tomato) 15.50 0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (CA tomato) 12.70 0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (FL tomato) 24.67 0.002

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (FL tomato) 23.10 0.002

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (PA tomato) 27.95 0.003

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (PA tomato) 24.71 0.002

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (FL peppers) 4.38 <0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (CA tomato) 1.40 <0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (FL tomato) 9.78 0.001
89

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (PA tomato) 12.43 0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) (FL 

peppers) 25.00 0.002

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA tomato) 0.27 <0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) (FL 

tomato) 16.08 0.002

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 

(PA tomato) 10.87 0.001

Leafy vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 15.30 0.001

Leafy vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 

app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 14.02 0.001

Leafy vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 

app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 10.22 0.001

Leafy vegetables (except brassica) – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) 10.69 0.001

Leafy vegetables (except brassica) – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) 6.71 0.001

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(ND canola) 22.02 0.002

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(ND canola) 17.97 0.002

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(ND wheat) 25.24 0.002

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(ND wheat) 21.40 0.002

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(CA fruit) 4.93 <0.001

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(CA fruit) 1.61 <0.001

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(NC apple) 19.54 0.002

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(NC apple) 16.07 0.002

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(OR apple) 12.63 0.001

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(OR apple) 8.35 0.001

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(PA apple) 14.07 0.001

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(PA apple) 10.73 0.001

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A (S) (ID potato) 6.45 0.001

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A (S) (ME potato) 8.77 0.001

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A (S) (ID potato) 1.65 <0.001

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A (S) (ME potato) 2.24 <0.001

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (ID potato) 18.98 0.002
90

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (ID potato) 14.32 0.001

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (ME potato) 25.33 0.002

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (ME potato) 20.41 0.002

Corm and tuberous vegetables - 1 app at 0.25 lb 

ai/A (C) (ID potato) 6.85 0.001

Corm and tuberous vegetables - 1 app at 0.25 lb 

ai/A (C) (ME potato) 10.60 0.001

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard 

seed – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (S) (ND canola) 19.61 0.002

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard 

seed – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (S) (ND wheat) 36.26 0.003

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(MI cherry) 18.74 0.002

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(MI cherry) 14.07 0.001

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(GA peaches) 5.91 0.001

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(GA peaches) 3.28 <0.001

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(CA fruit) 5.90 0.001

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(CA fruit) 3.07 <0.001

Sunflower – 1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A (S) (ND 

canola) 0.45 <0.001

Sunflower – 1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A (S) (ND 

wheat) 0.84 <0.001

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (A) (CA 

almonds) 10.87 0.001

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (G) (CA 

almonds) 8.35 0.001

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (A) (GA 

pecans) 19.01 0.002

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (G) (GA 

pecans) 16.94 0.002

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (CA onion) 5.77 0.001

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (CA onion) 3.03 <0.001

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (GA onion) 20.11 0.002

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (GA onion) 17.76 0.002

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 0.208 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (CA nursery) 2.59 <0.001

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 0.208 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (FL nursery) 16.65 0.002

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 0.208 15.98 0.001
91

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (MI nursery)

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 0.208 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (NJ nursery) 13.84 0.001

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 0.208 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (OR nursery) 4.18 <0.001

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 0.208 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (TN nursery) 11.91 0.001

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (CA nursery)

3.30 <0.001

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (FL nursery)

9.77 0.001

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (MI nursery)

9.98 0.001

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (NJ nursery)

8.64 0.001

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (OR nursery)

2.61 <0.001

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (TN nursery)

7.43 0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (CA nursery)

3.33 <0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (FL nursery)

6.58 0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (MI nursery)

10.11 0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (NJ nursery)

8.91 0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (OR nursery)

2.68 <0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non- 7.44 0.001
92

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

bearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (TN nursery)

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (CA nursery)

0.40 <0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (FL nursery)

3.50 <0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (MI nursery)

7.55 0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (NJ nursery)

5.82 <0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (OR nursery)

1.47 <0.001

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (TN nursery)

6.75 0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(CA nursery)

5.84 0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(FL nursery)

9.90 0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(MI nursery)

16.03 0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(NJ nursery)

18.25 0.002

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(OR nursery)

4.15 <0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 10.40 0.001
93

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

(TN nursery)

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery)

1.26 <0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL nursery)

6.11 0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(MI nursery)

13.02 0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(NJ nursery)

12.26 0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery)

1.89 <0.001

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery)

8.95 0.001

Trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut trees), 

shrubs, evergreens, foliage plants, groundcovers, 

vines, interior plantscape plants – 1 app at 0.42 

lb ai/A (C)

0.23 <0.001

Trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut trees), 

shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, flowering 

plants, flowers, foliage plants, groundcovers, 

vines, interior plantscape plants, vegetable 

transplants (fruiting, leafy, tuberous, corm) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G)

1.74 <0.001

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial 

grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod 

farms – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (30 days) (G)

1.35 <0.001

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial 

grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod 

farms – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (30 days) (G) (CA 

turf)

1.43 <0.001

Grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in 

and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under trees 

and shrubs that are being grown in-ground – 1 

app at 0.233 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.187 lb ai/A 

(30 days) (G) (FL turf)

2.15 <0.001

Grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in 

and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under trees 

and shrubs that are being grown in-ground – 1 

app at 0.233 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.187 lb ai/A 

(30 days) (G) (CA turf)

2.41 <0.001

Fly control bait – 5 apps at 0.087 lb ai/A ( 7 

days) (E) 23.16 0.002

Public health insect control – 1 app at 0.42 lb 22.52 0.002
94

Uses/Application Rate

60-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Fish Chronic 

RQ*

ai/A (E)

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery) 1.49 <0.001

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (FL 

nursery) 7.28 0.001

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (MI 

nursery) 15.51 0.001

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (NJ 

nursery) 14.60 0.001

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery) 2.24 <0.001

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery) 10.65 0.001

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery) 0.40 <0.001

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL nursery) 3.50 <0.001

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(MI nursery) 7.55 0.001

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(NJ nursery) 5.82 0.001

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery) 1.47 <0.001

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery) 6.75 0.001

Chronic RQ = use-specific 60-day EEC / 10700 μg ai/L (rainbow trout)

A = foliar aerial application 

G = foliar ground application 

C = chemigation 

S = seed treatment

E = Tier 1 GENEEC Model was used

Cyantraniliprole ranged in toxicity from slightly to very highly toxic to freshwater 

invertebrates on an acute exposure basis. Risk quotients for acute exposures to 

freshwater invertebrates ranged from 0.011 to 1.9 (Table 36). Most uses exceeded the 

acute risk to listed species LOC of 0.05 and 55% of those exceeded the acute risk to nonlisted species LOC of 0.5. Those proposed uses that did not exceed the acute risk LOCs

were: fruiting vegetables chemigation at 0.4 lb ai/A (CA tomato scenario); sunflower 

seed treatment; trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut trees), shrubs, evergreens, 

foliage plants, groundcovers, vines, interior plantscape plants chemigation at 0.42 lb ai/A; 

and potted ornamentals chemigation at 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (CA nursery scenario). 

Therefore, based on the screening-level assessment, acute risks (direct) may result for

many of the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole.

Risk quotients for chronic exposures to freshwater invertebrates ranged from 0.035 to 5.8 

(Table 36). Sixty-eight percent of the scenarios exceeded the listed and non-listed 

species chronic risk LOC of 1. Thus, chronic risks (direct) are possible from many of the 

proposed uses.
95

Cyantraniliprole is moderately to highly toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates on an 

acute exposure basis. Acute risk quotients for estuarine/marine invertebrates ranged from 

<0.001 to 0.073 (Table 36). The following eight scenarios exceeded the acute risk to 

listed species LOC of 0.05: cotton aerial and ground spray at 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (MS 

and NC cotton scenarios); cucurbits aerial and ground spray at 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A; fruiting vegetables aerial spray at 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app 

at 0.05 lb ai/A (PA tomato scenario); and rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard 

seed treatment (ND wheat scenario). Chronic risk quotients ranged from 0.001 to 0.23

(oyster) and < 0.001 to 0.12 (mysid shrimp). No scenarios exceeded the listed and nonlisted species chronic risk LOC of 1. Thus, while mortality (direct) of estuarine/marine 

invertebrates is possible following acute exposure for eight of the proposed uses, the 

likelihood of (direct) adverse effects from chronic exposure is considered low.

Table 36. RQs for Freshwater and Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates (Based on 

Surface Water EECs)

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

Brassica vegetable - 1 

app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 22.5 22.45 1.1** 3.4*** 0.043 0.13 0.058

Brassica leafy vegetable –

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A 

(7 days) (A)

21.01 20.89 1.0** 3.2*** 0.040 0.13 0.054

Brassica leafy vegetable –

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A 

(7 days) (G)

17.03 16.94 0.83** 2.6*** 0.033 0.10 0.044

Brassica leafy vegetables 

– 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A 

(5 days) (A)

16.90 16.81 0.83** 2.6*** 0.033 0.10 0.044

Brassica leafy vegetables 

– 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A 

(5 days) (G)

12.83 12.77 0.63** 1.9*** 0.025 0.076 0.033

Bushberries – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) 13.28 13.24 0.65** 2.0*** 0.026 0.079 0.034

Bushberries – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) 8.71 8.69 0.43* 1.3*** 0.017 0.052 0.023

Citrus – 3 apps at 0.133 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (A) 16.66 15.58 0.82** 2.4*** 0.032 0.093 0.040

Citrus – 3 apps at 0.133 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (G) 14.64 13.58 0.72** 2.1*** 0.028 0.081 0.035

Citrus – 1 app at 0.4 lb 

ai/A (C) 11.01 10.13 0.54** 1.5*** 0.021 0.061 0.026

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (7 days) (A) (CA 

cotton)

9.21 9.16 0.45* 1.4*** 0.018 0.055 0.024
96

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (CA 

cotton)

6.11 6.09 0.30* 0.93 0.012 0.036 0.016

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (7 days) (A) (MS 

cotton)

29.45 29.07 1.4** 4.4*** 0.057* 0.17 0.075

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (MS 

cotton)

27.33 29.96 1.3** 4.6*** 0.053* 0.18 0.078

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (7 days) (A) (NC 

cotton)

37.97 37.78 1.9** 5.8*** 0.073* 0.23 0.098

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (NC 

cotton)

35.58 35.40 1.7** 5.4*** 0.068* 0.21 0.092

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 

0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 

0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A)

33.01 32.66 1.6** 5.0*** 0.063* 0.20 0.085

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 

0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 

0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G)

31.79 31.38 1.6** 4.8*** 0.061* 0.19 0.081

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 0.13 

lb ai/A (10 days) (C) 5.33 5.14 0.26* 0.78 0.010 0.031 0.013

Cucurbits – 1 app at 0.4 lb 

ai/A (C) 9.66 9.56 0.47* 1.5*** 0.019 0.057 0.025

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (FL peppers)

15.89 15.74 0.78** 2.4*** 0.031 0.094 0.041

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (FL peppers)

14.22 14.09 0.70** 2.1*** 0.027 0.084 0.037

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (CA tomato)

15.91 15.70 0.78** 2.4*** 0.031 0.094 0.041

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (CA tomato)

13.20 12.86 0.65** 2.0*** 0.025 0.077 0.033

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (FL tomato)

25.73 25.37 1.3** 3.9*** 0.049 0.15 0.066

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (FL tomato)

24.08 23.74 1.2** 3.6*** 0.046 0.14 0.062
97

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (PA tomato)

28.14 28.07 1.4** 4.3*** 0.054* 0.17 0.073

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (PA tomato)

24.87 24.81 1.2** 3.8*** 0.048 0.15 0.064

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (FL peppers)

5.03 4.98 0.25* 0.76 0.010 0.030 0.013

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (CA tomato)

1.47 1.46 0.072* 0.22 0.003 0.009 0.004

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (FL tomato)

10.17 10.04 0.50** 1.5*** 0.020 0.060 0.026

Fruiting vegetables – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (PA tomato)

12.51 12.48 0.61** 1.9*** 0.024 0.075 0.032

Fruiting vegetables – 1 

app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) (FL 

peppers)

25.64 25.42 1.3** 3.9*** 0.049 0.15 0.066

Fruiting vegetables – 1 

app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) (CA 

tomato)

0.28 0.27 0.013 0.041 0.001 0.002 <0.001

Fruiting vegetables – 1 

app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) (FL 

tomato)

16.79 16.54 0.82** 2.5*** 0.032 0.099 0.043

Fruiting vegetables – 1 

app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) (PA 

tomato)

10.97 10.93 0.54** 1.7*** 0.021 0.065 0.028

Leafy vegetables – 1 app 

at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 16.04 15.95 0.79** 2.4*** 0.031 0.096 0.041

Leafy vegetables – 2 apps 

at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app 

at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(A)

14.09 14.02 0.69** 2.1*** 0.027 0.084 0.036

Leafy vegetables – 2 apps 

at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app 

at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G)

10.37 10.32 0.51** 1.6*** 0.020 0.062 0.027

Leafy vegetables (except 

brassica) – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (A)

10.90 10.83 0.53** 1.7*** 0.021 0.065 0.028

Leafy vegetables (except 

brassica) – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (G)

6.81 6.78 0.33* 1.0*** 0.013 0.041 0.018
98

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(ND canola)

22.41 22.25 1.1** 3.4*** 0.043 0.13 0.058

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(ND canola)

18.31 18.18 0.90** 2.8*** 0.035 0.11 0.047

Oil seeds – 3 apps at

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(ND wheat)

25.47 25.35 1.2** 3.9*** 0.049 0.15 0.066

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(ND wheat)

21.54 21.49 1.1** 3.3*** 0.041 0.13 0.056

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(CA fruit)

4.98 4.96 0.24* 0.76 0.010 0.030 0.013

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(CA fruit)

1.63 1.63 0.08* 0.25 0.003 0.010 0.004

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(NC apple)

19.78 19.69 0.97** 3.0*** 0.038 0.12 0.051

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(NC apple)

16.27 16.20 0.80** 2.5*** 0.031 0.097 0.042

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(OR apple)

12.78 12.73 0.63** 1.9*** 0.025 0.076 0.033

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(OR apple)

8.45 8.43 0.41* 1.3*** 0.016 0.051 0.022

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(PA apple)

14.53 14.36 0.71** 2.2*** 0.028 0.086 0.037

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(PA apple)

11.01 10.91 0.54** 1.7*** 0.021 0.065 0.028

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.69 lb 

ai/A (S) (ID potato) 6.53 6.51 0.32* 0.99 0.013 0.039 0.017

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.69 lb 

ai/A (S) (ME potato) 8.96 8.90 0.44* 1.4*** 0.017 0.053 0.023

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.176 

lb ai/A (S) (ID potato) 1.67 1.66 0.082* 0.25 0.003 0.010 0.004

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.176 

lb ai/A (S) (ME potato) 2.29 2.27 0.11* 0.35 0.004 0.014 0.006

Corm and tuberous 

vegetables – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) 

(ID potato)

19.26 19.14 0.94** 2.9*** 0.037 0.11 0.050
99

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

Corm and tuberous 

vegetables – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) 

(ID potato)

14.52 14.43 0.71** 2.2*** 0.028 0.086 0.037

Corm and tuberous 

vegetables – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) 

(ME potato)

25.49 25.43 1.2** 3.9*** 0.049 0.15 0.066

Corm and tuberous 

vegetables – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) 

(ME potato)

20.54 20.49 1.0** 3.1*** 0.040 0.12 0.053

Corm and tuberous 

vegetables - 1 app at 0.25 

lb ai/A (C) (ID potato)

6.90 6.88 0.34* 1.0*** 0.013 0.041 0.018

Corm and tuberous 

vegetables - 1 app at 0.25 

lb ai/A (C) (ME potato)

10.67 10.65 0.52** 1.6*** 0.021 0.064 0.028

Rapeseed including canola 

varieties, mustard seed – 1 

app at 0.4 lb ai/A (S) (ND 

canola)

19.82 19.72 0.97** 3.0*** 0.038 0.12 0.051

Rapeseed including canola 

varieties, mustard seed – 1 

app at 0.4 lb ai/A (S) (ND 

wheat)

36.53 36.44 1.8** 5.6*** 0.070* 0.22 0.094

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(MI cherry)

19.10 18.98 0.94** 2.9*** 0.037 0.11 0.049

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(MI cherry)

14.33 14.23 0.70** 2.2*** 0.028 0.085 0.037

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(GA peaches)

6.11 6.03 0.30* 0.92 0.012 0.036 0.016

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(GA peaches)

3.33 3.31 0.16* 0.50 0.006 0.020 0.009

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(CA fruit)

6.40 6.01 0.31* 0.92 0.012 0.036 0.016

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(CA fruit)

3.40 3.11 0.17* 0.47 0.007 0.019 0.008

Sunflower – 1 app at 

0.016 lb ai/A (S) (ND 

canola)

0.45 0.45 0.022 0.069 0.001 0.003 0.001

Sunflower – 1 app at 

0.016 lb ai/A (S) (ND 0.84 0.84 0.041 0.13 0.002 0.005 0.002
100

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

wheat)

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (A) (CA 

almonds)

11.02 10.97 0.54** 1.7*** 0.021 0.066 0.028

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (G) (CA 

almonds)

8.48 8.44 0.42* 1.3*** 0.016 0.051 0.022

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (A) (GA 

pecans)

19.27 19.18 0.94** 2.9*** 0.037 0.11 0.050

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (G) (GA 

pecans)

17.18 17.10 0.84** 2.6*** 0.033 0.10 0.044

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps 

at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(A) (CA onion)

6.07 5.96 0.30* 0.91 0.012 0.036 0.015

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps 

at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(G) (CA onion)

3.17 3.12 0.16* 0.48 0.006 0.019 0.008

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps 

at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(A) (GA onion)

20.84 20.59 1.0** 3.1*** 0.040 0.12 0.053

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps 

at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(G) (GA onion)

18.40 18.21 0.90** 2.8*** 0.035 0.11 0.047

Flowerbeds and ground 

covers – 2 apps at 0.208 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (G) (CA 

nursery)

5.45 5.41 0.27* 0.82 0.010 0.032 0.014

Flowerbeds and ground 

covers – 2 apps at 0.208 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (G) (FL 

nursery)

16.09 15.96 0.79** 2.4*** 0.031 0.096 0.041

Flowerbeds and ground 

covers – 2 apps at 0.208 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (G) (MI 

nursery)

16.27 16.20 0.80** 2.5*** 0.031 0.097 0.042

Flowerbeds and ground 

covers – 2 apps at 0.208 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (G) (NJ 

nursery)

14.09 14.03 0.69** 2.1*** 0.027 0.084 0.036

Flowerbeds and ground 

covers – 2 apps at 0.208 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (G) (OR 

nursery)

4.25 4.22 0.21* 0.64 0.008 0.025 0.011

Flowerbeds and ground 

covers – 2 apps at 0.208 lb 

ai/A (7 days) (G) (TN 

12.20 12.11 0.60** 1.8*** 0.023 0.073 0.031
101

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

nursery)

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(CA nursery)

3.40 3.37 0.17* 0.51 0.007 0.020 0.009

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(FL nursery)

10.04 9.95 0.49* 1.5*** 0.019 0.060 0.12

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(MI nursery)

10.15 10.11 0.50** 1.5*** 0.020 0.061 0.026

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(NJ nursery)

8.79 8.75 0.43* 1.3*** 0.017 0.052 0.023

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(OR nursery)

2.65 2.64 0.13* 0.40 0.005 0.016 0.007

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(TN nursery)

7.61 7.56 0.37* 1.2*** 0.015 0.045 0.020

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (G) 

(CA nursery)

3.45 3.42 0.17* 0.52 0.007 0.020 0.009

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

6.79 6.73 0.33* 1.0*** 0.013 0.040 0.017
102

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (G) 

(FL nursery)

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (G) 

(MI nursery)

10.24 10.19 0.50** 1.6*** 0.020 0.061 0.026

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (G) 

(NJ nursery)

9.07 9.03 0.44* 1.4*** 0.017 0.054 0.023

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (G) 

(OR nursery)

2.72 2.71 0.13* 0.41 0.005 0.016 0.007

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (TN 

nursery)

7.62 7.57 0.37* 1.2*** 0.015 0.045 0.020

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

0.41 0.40 0.020 0.061 0.001 0.002 0.001
103

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) 

(CA nursery)

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) 

(FL nursery)

3.65 3.60 0.18* 0.55 0.007 0.022 0.009

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) 

(MI nursery)

7.69 7.66 0.38* 1.2*** 0.015 0.046 0.020

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) 

(NJ nursery)

5.92 5.87 0.29* 0.89 0.011 0.035 0.015

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) 

(OR nursery)

1.49 1.49 0.073* 0.23 0.003 0.009 0.004

Ornamental plants, fruit 

and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and 

shade houses, containers, 

6.94 6.88 0.34* 1.0*** 0.013 0.041 0.12
104

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

field nurseries and 

interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) 

(TN nursery)

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(CA nursery)

5.94 5.91 0.29* 0.90 0.011 0.035 0.015

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(FL nursery)

10.20 10.12 0.50** 1.5*** 0.020 0.061 0.026

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(MI nursery)

16.26 16.17 0.80** 2.5*** 0.031 0.097 0.042

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(NJ nursery)

18.54 18.47 0.91** 2.8*** 0.036 0.11 0.048

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(OR nursery)

4.21 4.19 0.21* 0.64 0.008 0.025 0.011

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(TN nursery)

10.60 10.55 0.52** 1.6*** 0.020 0.063 0.027

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery)

1.28 1.27 0.063* 0.19 0.002 0.008 0.003

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL nursery)

6.31 6.25 0.31* 0.95 0.012 0.037 0.016

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(MI nursery)

13.19 13.15 0.65** 2.0*** 0.025 0.079 0.034
105

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) (NJ 

nursery)

12.50 12.43 0.61** 1.9*** 0.024 0.074 0.032

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery)

1.90 1.90 0.093* 0.29 0.004 0.011 0.005

Ornamental plants 

(exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 

app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery)

9.14 9.09 0.45* 1.4*** 0.018 0.054 0.024

Trees (including nonbearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, 

foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, 

interior plantscape plants 

– 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C)

0.23 0.23 0.011 0.035 <0.001 0.001 0.001

Trees (including nonbearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, 

bedding plants, flowering 

plants, flowers, foliage 

plants, groundcovers, 

vines, interior plantscape 

plants, vegetable 

transplants (fruiting, leafy, 

tuberous, corm) – 1 app at 

0.42 lb ai/A (G)

1.77 1.76 0.087* 0.27 0.003 0.011 0.005

Turf, golf courses, 

residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, 

parks, playgrounds, 

athletic fields, sod farms –

2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (30 

days) (G) (FL turf)

1.39 1.37 0.068* 0.21 0.003 0.008 0.003

Turf, golf courses, 

residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, 

parks, playgrounds, 

athletic fields, sod farms –

2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (30 

days) (G) (CA turf)

1.46 1.45 0.072* 0.22 0.003 0.009 0.004

Grassy, weedy, mulched, 

or bare soil areas in and 2.21 2.19 0.11* 0.33 0.004 0.013 0.006
106

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

around greenhouses, 

nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and 

shade houses, under trees 

and shrubs that are being 

grown in-ground – 1 app 

at 0.233 lb ai/A and 1 app 

at 0.187 lb ai/A (30 days) 

(G) (FL turf)

Grassy, weedy, mulched, 

or bare soil areas in and 

around greenhouses, 

nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and 

shade houses, under trees 

and shrubs that are being 

grown in-ground – 1 app 

at 0.233 lb ai/A and 1 app 

at 0.187 lb ai/A (30 days) 

(G) (CA turf)

2.46 2.44 0.12* 0.37 0.005 0.015 0.006

Fly control bait – 5 apps 

at 0.087 lb ai/A ( 7 days) 

(E)

23.67 23.49 1.2** 3.6*** 0.046 0.14 0.061

Public health insect 

control – 1 app at 0.42 lb 

ai/A (E)

23.02 22.85 1.1** 3.5*** 0.044 0.14 0.059

Potted ornamentals – 1 

app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (CA 

nursery)

1.52 1.51 0.075* 0.23 0.003 0.009 0.004

Potted ornamentals – 1 

app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (FL 

nursery)

7.51 7.44 0.37* 1.1*** 0.014 0.045 0.019

Potted ornamentals – 1 

app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (MI 

nursery)

15.71 15.66 0.77** 2.4*** 0.030 0.094 0.041

Potted ornamentals – 1 

app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (NJ 

nursery)

14.89 14.80 0.73** 2.3*** 0.029 0.089 0.038

Potted ornamentals – 1 

app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (OR 

nursery)

2.27 2.26 0.11* 0.34 0.004 0.014 0.006

Potted ornamentals – 1 

app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) (TN 

nursery)

10.88 18.82 0.53** 2.9*** 0.021 0.11 0.049

Potted ornamentals – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery)

0.41 0.40 0.020 0.061 0.001 0.002 0.001

Potted ornamentals – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 3.65 3.60 0.18* 0.55 0.007 0.022 0.009
107

Uses/Application Rate

Peak 

EEC 

(μg/L)

21-

day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Freshwater 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ+

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

Chronic RQ+

Oyster Shrimp

(FL nursery)

Potted ornamentals – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(MI nursery)

7.69 7.66 0.38* 1.2*** 0.015 0.046 0.020

Potted ornamentals – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(NJ nursery)

5.92 5.87 0.29* 0.89 0.011 0.035 0.015

Potted ornamentals – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery)

1.49 1.49 0.073* 0.23 0.003 0.009 0.004

Potted ornamentals – 2 

apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery)

6.94 6.88 0.34* 1.0*** 0.013 0.041 0.018

+

Acute freshwater invert RQ = use-specific peak EEC / 20.4 μg ai/L (water flea); chronic freshwater invert RQ = 

use-specific 21-day EEC / 6.56 μg ai/L (water flea); acute estuarine/marine invert = use-specific peak EEC / 520 μg 

ai/L (Eastern oyster); chronic estuarine/marine invert = use-specific 21-day EEC / 167 μg ai/L (ACR eastern oyster) 

and use-specific 21-day EEC / 386 μg ai/L (ACR mysid shrimp)

*Exceeds the acute risk to listed species LOC of 0.05

**Exceeds the acute risk to non-listed species LOC of 0.5

***Exceeds the chronic risk LOC of 1

A = foliar aerial application 

G = foliar ground application 

C = chemigation 

S = seed treatment

E = Tier 1 GENEEC Model was used

Benthic Invertebrates

Cyantraniliprole is highly toxic to benthic invertebrates on an acute exposure basis. 

Acute risk quotients for benthic invertebrates ranged from <0.001 to 0.051 (Table 37). 

Only one use exceeded the acute risk to listed species LOC of 0.05: rapeseed including 

canola varieties, mustard seed seed treatment (ND wheat scenario). Thus, benthic 

invertebrate mortality from acute exposure to cyantraniliprole may occur from the 

proposed rapeseed seed treatment use under certain agricultural scenarios.

Chronic risk quotients ranged from 0.022 to 3.7 (Table 37). Forty-six percent of the uses 

exceeded the listed and non-listed species chronic risk LOC of 1. Given these results, 

some of the proposed uses for cyantraniliprole may result in chronic risks to benthic 

invertebrates.

Table 37. RQs for Benthic Invertebrates (Based on Pore Water EECs)

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

Brassica vegetable - 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 20.24 20.14 0.028 2.0***
108

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

Brassica leafy vegetable – 2 apps at 0.175 lb 

ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 19.07 19.07 0.027 1.9***

Brassica leafy vegetable – 2 apps at 0.175 lb 

ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 15.42 15.41 0.021 1.5***

Brassica leafy vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb 

ai/A (5 days) (A) 15.44 15.44 0.021 1.5***

Brassica leafy vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb 

ai/A (5 days) (G) 11.70 11.69 0.016 1.2***

Bushberries – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(A) 12.90 12.89 0.018 1.3***

Bushberries – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) 

(G) 8.51 8.50 0.012 0.85

Citrus – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 13.23 13.23 0.018 1.3***

Citrus – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 11.46 11.46 0.016 1.1***

Citrus – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 9.24 9.23 0.013 0.92

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(CA cotton) 8.33 8.33 0.012 0.83

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(CA cotton) 5.45 5.45 0.008 0.55

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(MS cotton) 25.72 25.71 0.036 2.6***

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(MS cotton) 23.79 23.78 0.033 2.4***

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(NC cotton) 34.01 33.76 0.047 3.4***

Cotton – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(NC cotton) 31.80 31.47 0.044 3.1***

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 

0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) 25.54 25.45 0.036 2.5***

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 

0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) 24.32 24.23 0.034 2.4***

Cucurbits – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (10 days) (C) 3.96 3.96 0.006 0.40

Cucurbits – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 7.78 7.74 0.011 0.77

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (FL 

peppers)

12.96 12.95 0.018 1.3***

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (FL 

peppers)

11.17 11.17 0.016 1.1***

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (CA 

tomato)

14.41 14.40 0.020 1.4***

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (CA 

tomato)

11.75 11.74 0.016 1.2***

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (FL 

tomato)

20.31 20.31 0.028 2.0***

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 18.94 18.94 0.026 1.9***
109

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (FL 

tomato)

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (PA 

tomato)

26.49 25.87 0.037 2.6***

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A 

and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (PA 

tomato)

23.42 22.79 0.033 2.3***

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (FL peppers) 4.01 4.01 0.006 0.40

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (CA tomato) 1.29 1.28 0.002 0.13

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (FL tomato) 8.65 8.65 0.012 0.87

Fruiting vegetables – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (5 

days) (C) (PA tomato) 11.05 10.72 0.015 1.1***

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL peppers) 24.60 23.83 0.034 2.4***

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA tomato) 0.24 0.24 <0.001 0.024

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL tomato) 12.51 12.51 0.017 1.3***

Fruiting vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 

(PA tomato) 10.84 10.82 0.015 1.1***

Leafy vegetables – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (C) 14.03 14.00 0.020 1.4***

Leafy vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 13.03 13.02 0.018 1.3***

Leafy vegetables – 2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 

1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 9.38 9.37 0.013 0.94

Leafy vegetables (except brassica) – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (A) 10.25 10.24 0.014 1.0***

Leafy vegetables (except brassica) – 3 apps at 

0.133 lb ai/A (5 days) (G) 6.44 6.43 0.009 0.64

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(ND canola) 20.55 20.52 0.029 2.1***

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(ND canola) 16.66 16.63 0.023 1.7***

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (A) 

(ND wheat) 24.65 24.58 0.034 2.5***

Oil seeds – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) 

(ND wheat) 20.67 20.67 0.029 2.1***

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(A) (CA fruit) 4.62 4.61 0.006 0.46

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G) (CA fruit) 1.49 1.48 0.002 0.15

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(A) (NC apple) 18.14 18.13 0.025 1.8***

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G) (NC apple) 14.80 14.79 0.021 1.5***

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 11.91 11.91 0.017 1.2***
110

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

(A) (OR apple)

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G) (OR apple) 7.77 7.68 0.011 0.77

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(A) (PA apple) 12.98 12.98 0.018 1.3***

Pome fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G) (PA apple) 9.85 9.85 0.014 0.99

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A (S) (ID potato) 5.80 5.80 0.008 0.58

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A (S) (ME potato) 8.21 8.20 0.011 0.82

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A (S) (ID 

potato) 1.48 1.48 0.002 0.15

Potatoes – 1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A (S) (ME 

potato) 2.10 2.09 0.003 0.21

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (ID potato) 18.22 18.22 0.025 1.8***

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (ID potato) 13.77 13.77 0.019 1.4***

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (A) (ME potato) 25.22 25.20 0.035 2.5***

Corm and tuberous vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 

lb ai/A (5 days) (G) (ME potato) 20.36 20.33 0.028 2.0***

Corm and tuberous vegetables - 1 app at 0.25 lb 

ai/A (C) (ID potato) 6.58 6.56 0.009 0.66

Corm and tuberous vegetables - 1 app at 0.25 lb 

ai/A (C) (ME potato) 10.51 10.50 0.015 1.5***

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard 

seed – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (S) (ND canola) 17.98 17.96 0.025 1.8***

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard 

seed – 1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A (S) (ND wheat) 36.74 36.63 0.051* 3.7***

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(A) (MI cherry) 18.03 18.00 0.025 1.8***

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G) (MI cherry) 13.51 13.50 0.019 1.4***

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(A) (GA peaches) 5.41 5.41 0.008 0.54

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G) (GA peaches) 3.32 3.28 0.005 0.33

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(A) (CA fruit) 5.65 5.65 0.008 0.57

Stone fruit – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days) 

(G) (CA fruit) 3.03 3.03 0.004 0.30

Sunflower – 1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A (S) (ND 

canola) 0.41 0.41 0.001 0.041

Sunflower – 1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A (S) (ND 

wheat) 0.85 0.84 0.001 0.084

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (A) (CA 

almonds) 9.89 9.79 0.014 0.98

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (G) (CA 

almonds) 7.17 7.06 0.010 0.71
111

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (A) (GA 

pecans) 17.44 17.20 0.024 1.7***

Tree nuts – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (G) (GA 

pecans) 15.41 15.19 0.021 1.5***

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (CA onion) 5.10 5.10 0.007 0.51

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (CA onion) 2.74 2.73 0.004 0.27

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (A) (GA onion) 19.76 19.69 0.027 2.0***

Bulb vegetables – 3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 

days) (G) (GA onion) 17.87 17.81 0.025 1.8***

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 

0.208 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (CA nursery) 5.22 5.22 0.007 0.52

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 

0.208 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (FL nursery) 16.24 16.09 0.023 1.6***

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 

0.208 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (MI nursery) 14.62 14.61 0.020 1.5***

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 

0.208 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (NJ nursery) 12.42 12.42 0.017 1.2***

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 

0.208 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (OR nursery) 3.91 3.91 0.005 0.39

Flowerbeds and ground covers – 2 apps at 

0.208 lb ai/A (7 days) (G) (TN nursery) 10.85 10.84 0.015 1.1***

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (CA nursery) 3.25 3.25 0.005 0.33

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (FL nursery) 10.13 10.04 0.014 1.0***

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (MI nursery) 9.12 9.11 0.013 0.91

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (NJ nursery) 7.75 7.75 0.011 0.78

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (OR nursery) 2.44 2.44 0.003 0.24

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 

days) (G) (TN nursery) 6.77 6.76 0.009 0.68

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (CA nursery) 3.26 3.26 0.005 0.33

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 5.76 5.76 0.008 0.58
112

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (FL nursery)

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (MI nursery) 9.31 9.31 0.013 0.93

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (NJ nursery) 8.01 8.01 0.011 0.80

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (OR nursery) 2.47 2.47 0.003 0.25

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (TN nursery) 6.65 6.65 0.009 0.67

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (CA nursery) 0.41 0.41 0.001 0.041

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (FL nursery) 2.92 2.92 0.004 0.29

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (MI nursery) 6.97 6.97 0.010 0.70

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (NJ nursery) 5.29 5.29 0.007 0.53

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (OR nursery) 1.34 1.34 0.002 0.13

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, containers, 

field nurseries and interiorscapes – 2 apps at 

0.13 lb ai/A (14 days) (C) (TN nursery) 5.88 5.86 0.008 0.59
113

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(CA nursery) 5.49 5.49 0.008 0.55

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(FL nursery) 8.74 8.68 0.012 0.87

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(MI nursery) 14.82 14.82 0.021 1.5***

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(NJ nursery) 18.03 17.98 0.025 1.8***

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(OR nursery) 3.88 3.88 0.005 0.39

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 

(TN nursery) 9.39 9.36 0.013 0.94

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery) 1.30 1.30 0.002 0.13

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL nursery) 4.97 4.97 0.007 0.50

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(MI nursery) 11.67 11.67 0.016 1.2***

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(NJ nursery) 11.59 11.59 0.016 1.2***

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes ) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery) 1.90 1.89 0.003 0.19

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery) 7.87 7.84 0.011 0.78

Trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, interior plantscape plants 

– 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (C) 0.22 0.22 <0.001 0.022

Trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, 

flowering plants, flowers, foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, interior plantscape plants, 

vegetable transplants (fruiting, leafy, tuberous, 

corm) – 1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A (G) 1.61 1.61 0.002 0.16

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, 

athletic fields, sod farms – 2 apps at 0.13 lb 

ai/A (30 days) (G) 1.31 1.30 0.002 0.13
114

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, 

athletic fields, sod farms – 2 apps at 0.13 lb 

ai/A (30 days) (G) (CA turf)

1.37 1.37 0.002 0.14

Grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in 

and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under trees 

and shrubs that are being grown in-ground – 1 

app at 0.233 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.187 lb ai/A 

(30 days) (G) (FL turf)

1.98 1.97 0.003 0.20

Grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in 

and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under trees 

and shrubs that are being grown in-ground – 1 

app at 0.233 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.187 lb ai/A 

(30 days) (G) (CA turf)

2.27 2.27 0.003 0.23

Fly control bait – 5 apps at 0.087 lb ai/A ( 7 

days) (E) 23.67 23.49 0.033 2.3***

Public health insect control – 1 app at 0.42 lb 

ai/A (E) 23.02 22.85 0.032 2.3***

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery) 1.55 1.54 0.002 0.15

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL nursery) 5.92 5.92 0.008 0.59

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(MI nursery) 13.90 13.89 0.019 1.4***

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(NJ nursery) 13.81 13.80 0.019 1.4***

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery) 2.26 2.25 0.003 0.23

Potted ornamentals – 1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery) 9.37 9.34 0.013 0.93

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(CA nursery) 0.41 0.41 0.001 0.041

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(FL nursery) 2.92 2.92 0.004 0.29

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(MI nursery) 6.97 6.97 0.010 0.70

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(NJ nursery) 5.29 5.29 0.007 0.53

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(OR nursery) 1.34 1.34 0.002 0.13

Potted ornamentals – 2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (C) 

(TN nursery) 5.88 5.86 0.008 0.59

Acute RQ = use-specific peak EEC / 719 μg ai/L (midge); chronic RQ = use-specific 21-day EEC / 10 μg ai/L 

(midge)

*Exceeds the acute listed species LOC of 0.05

***Exceeds the chronic species LOC of 1

A = foliar aerial application 

G = foliar ground application 

C = chemigation 
115

Uses/Application Rate Peak EEC 

(μg/L)

21-day 

EEC 

(μg/L)

Benthic

Invertebrate 

Acute RQ*

Benthic 

Invertebrate 

Chronic 

RQ*

S = seed treatment

E = Tier 1 GENEEC Model was used

Aquatic Plants

Toxicity data for technical-grade cyantraniliprole was non-definitive for aquatic vascular 

and non-vascular plants. Thus, risk quotients were not calculated. Further risk analysis 

will be characterized in the Risk Description section of the assessment.

2. Non-target Terrestrial Animals

Birds

Cyantraniliprole is classified as ‘practically nontoxic’ to birds on an acute oral and subacute dietary exposure basis. Since all of the endpoints from the acute oral and sub-acute 

dietary toxicity studies with birds are non-definitive (i.e., they are ‘greater than’ values), 

they were not used to calculate RQs. Further description of the risks associated with 

acute exposure to cyantraniliprole can be found in the Risk Description section of the 

document. 

The chronic dietary-based RQs range from <0.01 to 0.45. Foliar sprays, bark sprays, and 

seed treatment exposures were calculated using T-REX while soil injection, soil drench, 

drip irrigation, and applications to potted ornamentals were derived by estimating the 

concentration of cyantraniliprole in the leaf biomass of the plant (Tables 38 and 39). 

Therefore, none of the avian RQs calculated for chronic exposure exceed the Agency’s 

chronic risk LOC of 1.

Table 38. Avian and Mammalian Foliar, Bark Spray, and Seed Treatment Chronic 

Risk Quotients

Feeding Category Avian chronic dietarybased RQs

Mammalian chronic 

dietary-based RQs

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 0.08 4.02***

Tall grass 0.04 1.84***

Broadleaf plants 0.05 2.26***

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.25

Arthropods 0.03 1.57***

Seeds 0.01 0.25

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, leafy vegetables (except brassica), corm and tuberous 
116

Feeding Category Avian chronic dietarybased RQs

Mammalian chronic 

dietary-based RQs

vegetables, bulb vegetables

3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (5 days)

Short grass 0.09 4.35***

Tall grass 0.04 1.99***

Broadleaf plants 0.05 2.45***

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.27

Arthropods 0.03 1.70***

Seeds 0.01 0.27

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts

3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 0.08 4.19***

Tall grass 0.04 1.92***

Broadleaf plants 0.05 2.36***

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.26

Arthropods 0.03 1.64***

Seeds 0.01 0.26

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables

2 apps at 0.175 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.05 lb ai/A (5 days)

Short grass 0.08 4.22***

Tall grass 0.04 1.94***

Broadleaf plants 0.05 2.38***

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.26

Arthropods 0.03 1.65***

Seeds 0.01 0.26

Potatoes (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A

Seeds 0.45 N/A

Potatoes (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A

Seeds 0.11 N/A

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard seed (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A

Seeds 0.26 N/A

Sunflower (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A

Seeds 0.01 N/A

Flowerbeds and groundcovers

2 apps at 0.208 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 0.09 4.67***

Tall grass 0.04 2.14***

Broadleaf plants 0.05 2.63***
117

Feeding Category Avian chronic dietarybased RQs

Mammalian chronic 

dietary-based RQs

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.29

Arthropods 0.04 1.83***

Seeds 0.01 0.29

Ornamentals treated by commercial and consumer applicators

2 apps at 0.13 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 0.06 2.92***

Tall grass 0.03 1.34***

Broadleaf plants 0.03 1.64***

Fruits/pods <0.01 0.18

Arthropods 0.02 1.14***

Seeds <0.01 0.18

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing) and forest seedlings grown in greenhouses, 

lath and shade houses, containers, field nurseries and interiorscapes

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (14 days)

Short grass 0.09 5.48***

Tall grass 0.04 2.51***

Broadleaf plants 0.05 3.09***

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.34

Arthropods 0.03 2.15***

Seeds 0.01 0.34

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior plantscapes), trees (including non-bearing 

fruit and nut trees) shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, interior plantscape plants, vegetable transplants (fruiting, leafy, tuberous, 

corm), public health insect control

1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A

Short grass 0.10 5.04***

Tall grass 0.05 2.31***

Broadleaf plants 0.06 2.84***

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.32

Arthropods 0.04 1.97***

Seeds 0.01 0.32

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod 

farms, grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare soil areas in and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under trees and shrubs that are being grown in-ground

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A and 1 app at 0.16 lb ai/A (30 days)

Short grass 0.07 4.84***

Tall grass 0.03 2.22***

Broadleaf plants 0.04 2.72***

Fruits/pods <0.01 0.30

Arthropods 0.03 1.90***

Seeds <0.01 0.30

Fly control bait (granular)
118

Feeding Category Avian chronic dietarybased RQs

Mammalian chronic 

dietary-based RQs

5 apps at 0.087 lb ai/A (7 days)

Short grass 0.08 4.03***

Tall grass 0.04 1.85***

Broadleaf plants 0.05 2.27***

Fruits/pods 0.01 0.25

Arthropods 0.03 1.58***

Seeds 0.01 0.25

***Risk quotient exceeds chronic LOC of 1

Table 39. Summary of Avian and Mammalian Chronic RQs for Soil Injection/Soil 

Drench, Potted Ornamental Drench, and Agricultural Drip Irrigation

Chronic Dietary RQ

Birds Mammals

Soil injection/drench hardwood 0.15 7.4***

Soil injection/drench hardwood 0.25 13***

Soil drench (citrus) 0.23 12***

Soil injection/drench softwood 0.07 3.4***

Soil injection/drench softwood 0.12 5.8***

Potted non-woody ornamental 

drench

0.005 0.23

Potted non-woody ornamental 

drench

0.009 0.45

Drip irrigation (brassica 

vegetables)

0.06 3.2***

Drip irrigation (cucurbits) 0.63 31.8***

Drip irrigation (fruiting 

vegetables)

0.18 9.1***

Drip irrigation (leafy vegetables) 0.05 2.7***

Drip irrigation (corm and 

tuberous vegetables)

0.06 3.2***

***Risk quotient exceeds chronic LOC of 1

Mammals

Cyantraniliprole is classified as ‘practically nontoxic’ to mammals on an acute oral 

exposure basis. Since the endpoint from the toxicity study is non-definitive (i.e., it is a 

‘greater than’ value), it was not used to calculate RQs. Further description of the risks 

associated with acute exposure to cyantraniliprole can be found in the Risk Description

section of the document. 

Chronic risk quotients for the proposed foliar spray, bark spray, and seed treatment uses

were calculated using T-REX (Table 38). Chronic RQs ranged from 0.18 to 5.48 for 

these uses. Seed and fruits/pods were the only food items where RQs did not exceed the 
119

listed and non-listed species chronic risk LOC (1); all other food items (short grass, tall 

grass, broadleaf plants, and arthropods) exceeded.

Chronic risk quotients for soil injection, soil drench, drip irrigation, and applications to 

potted ornamentals were derived by estimating the concentration of cyantraniliprole in 

the leaf biomass of the plant (Table 39). Risk quotients ranged from 0.23 to 31.8. The

proposed use on potted ornamentals was the only proposed use that did not exceed the 

chronic risk LOC of 1. 

Terrestrial Invertebrates

Cyantraniliprole is classified as “highly toxic” to non-target terrestrial invertebrates on an 

acute exposure basis. Even though both the acute contact (LD50>0.093 μg ai/bee) and the 

acute oral (LD50>0.105 μg ai/bee) toxicity endpoints are non-definitive; the classification 

is based on the absolute value of the toxicity endpoint. Risk quotients could not be 

calculated for acute exposures to cyantraniliprole though because the toxicity data were 

non-definitive. Further discussion of this is presented in the Risk Description section. 

Toxicity data were also available for cyantraniliprole TEP and risk quotients were 

calculated for these. Most of the TEPs contain cyantraniliprole as the sole active 

ingredient; thus risk quotients were calculated for the most sensitive toxicity endpoints. 

Several products are a mixture of two active ingredients: cyantraniliprole and 

thiamethoxam. The toxicity endpoints for this co-formulation are much lower (oral: 

LD50=0.0062 μg ai/bee; contact: LD50=0.058 μg ai/bee) than for cyantraniliprole-only

TEPs (or the TGAI) alone, so risk quotients were calculated for this product as well

(Table 40).

The spray applications (foliage and bark) all yielded risk quotients that exceeded the 

LOC (0.4) that was identified in the recent white paper2 that was reviewed by FIFRA 

Scientific Advisory Panel. The RQ values ranged from 67 to 116 (dietary) and 2.4 to 9.2 

(contact) for the cyantraniliprole-only TEP and from 1260 to 2002 (dietary) and 27 to 75 

(contact) for the cyantraniliprole/thiamethoxam TEP. Seed treatments (cyantraniliproleonly TEP) produced a risk quotient of 2.5, which exceeded the LOC. The risk quotients 

for soil applications of the cyantraniliprole-only TEP did not exceed the LOC (ranged 

from 0.02 to 0.03); however, the drip irrigation scenario for the 

cyantraniliprole/thiamethoxam TEP did exceed (RQ = 4.8). Overall, the results indicate 

that the TEPs for registration are of concern to bees for most of the proposed uses. Those 

TEPs formulated with thiamethoxam result in higher risk quotients than those formulated 

with cyantraniliprole alone.

 2

USEPA 2013. White Paper in Support of the Proposed Risk Assessment Process for Bees Submitted to the FIFRA Scientific 

Advisory Panel for Review and Comment. September 11 – 14, 2012 http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQOPP-2012-0543-0004
120

Table 40. Risk Quotients for Cyantraniliprole TEPs for Insects

Use

TEP (cyantraniliprole 

only)+

TEP (cyantraniliprole and 

thiamethoxam)++

Dietary Contact Dietary Contact

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables 93* 3.8* 1735* 36*

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, 

leafy vegetables (except brassica), corm 

and tuberous vegetables

100* 2.4* 1877* 75*

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, stone 

fruit, nut trees 97* 2.9* N/A N/A

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables 98* 7.7* 1824* 73*

Flowerbeds and groundcovers 108* 4.5* N/A N/A

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators 67* 2.8* 1260* 27*

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (nonbearing) and forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade houses, 

containers, field nurseries and 

interiorscapes

99* 5.7* 1850* 54*

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and 

interior plantscapes), trees (including nonbearing fruit and nut trees), shrubs, 

evergreens, bedding plants, flowering 

plants, flowers, foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, interior plantscape 

plants, vegetable transplants (fruiting, 

leafy, tuberous, corm), public health insect 

control

116* 9.2* N/A N/A

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, 

athletic fields, sod farms, grassy, weedy, 

mulched, or bare soil areas in and around 

greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under 

trees and shrubs that are being grown inground

107* 5.7* 2002* 54*

Fly control bait 93* 5.5* N/A N/A

Ornamental trees and potted ornamentals 

(soil injection/drench) 0.02 N/A 0.32 N/A

Ornamental trees (soil injection/drench) 0.03 N/A N/A N/A

Potted ornamentals (drench) 0.03 N/A N/A N/A

Citrus (soil drench) 0.03 N/A N/A N/A

Brassica vegetables, cucurbits, leafy 

vegetables, fruiting vegetables, corm and 

tuberous vegetables (drip irrigation)

0.03 N/A 0.48* N/A

Potato, rape including canola, mustard 

seed, sunflower (seed treatment) 2.5* N/A N/A N/A

N/A = not applicable

+

Oral LD50 (0.116 μg ai/bee) is based on TEP with 20% ai and contact LD50 (0.55 μg ai/bee) is based on TEP with 18.66% ai ++Oral (0.0062 μg ai/bee) and contact (0.058 μg ai/bee) LD50s are based on TEP with 20% cyantraniliprole and 20% thiamethoxam

*Exceeds the acute LOC of 0.4

Potential risk to bees from chronic exposure to cyantraniliprole could not be

quantitatively assessed because of a lack of exposure data as well as toxicity data for 
121

individual bees. However, as discussed in the Risk Description section, there are a 

number of semi-field and full-field studies that can be used to qualitatively assess 

potential risks to honeybee colonies.

3. Non-target Terrestrial and Semi-Aquatic Plants

Risk quotients were calculated for listed terrestrial monocots and dicots (Table 41). None 

of the RQ values exceeded the LOC of 1; thus, direct effects to listed dicots are not 

expected from the proposed cyantraniliprole uses. There is uncertainty regarding the 

listed monocots because seedling emergence data from the most sensitive monocot in the 

vegetative vigor study (onion) were not available (see Risk Description for further 

discussion). Only non-definitive data were available for the EC25 values; consequently, 

risk quotients for non-listed monocots and dicots were not calculated for this endpoint. 

See the Risk Description section for further discussion. 

Table 41. Summary of Risk Quotient Values for Plants in Dry and Semi-Aquatic 

Areas Exposed to Cyantraniliprole through Runoff and Spray Drift

Plant 

Type

Listed 

Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

Brassica vegetables (soil)

1 app at 0.35 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.55 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.55 <0.1

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, (aerial spray)

1 app at 0.175 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.33 0.13

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.33 <0.1

Brassica leafy vegetables, cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, (ground spray)

1 app at 0.175 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.27 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.27 <0.1

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, cotton, leafy vegetables (except brassica), oil seeds, pome fruit, 

corm and tuberous vegetables, stone fruit, tree nuts, bulb vegetables, (aerial spray)

1 app at 0.133 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.25 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.25 <0.1

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, citrus, cotton, leafy vegetables (except brassica), oil seeds, pome 
122

Plant 

Type

Listed 

Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

fruit, corm and tuberous vegetables, stone fruit, tree nuts, bulb vegetables, (ground spray)

1 app at 0.133 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.21 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.21 <0.1

Citrus (chemigation)

1 app at 0.391 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed 0.20 0.73 0.29

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed 0.20 0.73 0.15

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, potted ornamentals (drip chemigation/soil drench)

1 app at 0.130 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.20 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.20 <0.1

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, (drip chemigation)

1 app at 0.35 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.55 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.55 <0.1

Potato (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.69 lb ai/A – incorporation 3 inches

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.39 N/A

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.39 N/A

Potato (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.176 lb ai/A – incorporation 3 inches

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.10 N/A

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.10 N/A

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard seed (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.4 lb ai/A – no incorporation

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.63 N/A

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.63 N/A
123

Plant 

Type

Listed 

Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

Sunflower (seed treatment)

1 app at 0.016 lb ai/A – 1 inch incorporation

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 <0.1 N/A

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 <0.1 N/A

Corm and tuberous vegetables (soil)

1 app at 0.25 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.39 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.39 <0.1

Flowerbeds and groundcovers (ground spray)

1 app at 0.208 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.33 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.33 <0.1

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing), and forest seedlings grown in greenhouses, lath 

and shade houses, containers, field nurseries, and interiorscapes, turf, golf courses, residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, parks, playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare 

soil areas in and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior plantscapes, lath and shade house, under trees 

and shrubs that are being grown in-ground (ground spray)

1 app at 0.26 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.41 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.41 <0.1

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior plantscapes), trees (including non-bearing fruit and 

nut trees), shrubs, evergreens, bedding plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage plants, groundcovers, 

vines, interior plantscape plants, vegetable transplants (fruiting, leafy corm, tuberous), public health 

insect control (ground spray/soil drench)

1 app at 0.42 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.66 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.66 <0.1

Fly control bait (granular)

1 app at 0.087 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.13 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.13 <0.1
124

Plant 

Type

Listed 

Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

Potted ornamentals (soil drench)

1 app at 0.5 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed 0.11 0.78 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed 0.11 0.78 <0.1

N/A – RQ could not be calculated because of a non-definitive EC25

*Exceeds LOC of 1.

B. Risk Description 

1. Degradate Persistence and Accumulation

Although cyantraniliprole has several dissipation pathways, the degradates formed are 

mostly large in molecular weight (>344 g/mol) and similar in structure to the parent 

(Appendix C). This indicates that the parent maybe undergoing a series of modifications 

rather than radical changes in structure. This conclusion is supported by only trace 

(<2%) amounts of mineralization (CO2 production) based on the submitted fate studies. 

Aerobic soil metabolism studies show six of the eight major degradates have greater DT50 

values (more persistent) than the parent cyantraniliprole (Table 7). This persistence may 

result in accumulation of these residues over time. 

2. Risks to Aquatic Organisms

a. Animals

Fish

The risk quotient analysis indicated that direct chronic effects to freshwater fish are not 

expected; none of the risk quotients exceeded the chronic risk LOC of 1. Risk quotients 

could not be calculated for acute exposures because the toxicity data were non-definitive. 

In lieu of this, the most sensitive toxicity value can be compared with the peak EEC. In 

the case of freshwater fish, the most sensitive LC50 (>10000 μg total ai/L); although this 

value is non-definitive, it is much larger than the peak aquatic EEC of 37.97 μg ai/L. 

However, there was precipitate in this toxicity test and measured concentrations were not 

centrifuged or filtered; the amount of dissolved cyantraniliprole is unknown, lending 

uncertainty to the study’s results. The most sensitive definitive LC50 for freshwater fish 

was 2400 μg ai/L, but was derived from a TEP study rather than a TGAI. It would be 

overly conservative to calculate risk quotients from TEP toxicity data because the product 

dissociates in water. However, in this case, if an RQ is calculated from the peak aquatic 

EEC (37.97 μg ai/L) and the TEP LC50 (2400 μg ai/L), it would be 0.016. This is well 

below the acute risk to listed species LOC of 0.05. Consequently, direct acute risks to 

freshwater fish and aquatic-phase amphibians, for which fish serve as surrogates, from 

the proposed uses (TEP or TGAI) of cyantraniliprole are not considered likely. Indirect 

effects to freshwater fish and aquatic-phase amphibians may still be possible for those 
125

species that rely on aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots,

estuarine/marine fish, and/or mammals, for food, habitat, or other environmental 

resources.

Risk quotients could not be calculated for direct acute effects to estuarine/marine fish 

because the toxicity value was non-definitive. In lieu of this, the most sensitive toxicity 

value can be compared with the peak EEC. The most sensitive LC50 (>12000 μg total 

ai/L), although non-definitive, is much larger than the peak aquatic EEC of 37.97 μg ai/L. 

There was precipitate in this toxicity test and measured concentrations were not 

centrifuged or filtered; therefore, the amount of dissolved cyantraniliprole is uncertain, 

lending uncertainty to the study’s results. No mortality or sub-lethal effects were 

observed in any treatment group in the test. Furthermore, the LC50 would need to be 16

times more sensitive (759 μg ai/L) to even reach the acute risk to listed species LOC of 

0.05. Thus, the likelihood of adverse effects on estuarine/marine fish from direct acute 

exposure from the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole is considered low.

Risk quotients could not be calculated for chronic effects to estuarine/marine fish because 

only non-definitive toxicity data were available. Given that the NOAEC was a less than 

value (NOAEC <750 μg ai/L), it is not possible to preclude the possibility of direct 

chronic risks to estuarine/marine fish. Growth parameters (length and weight) were 

affected at the lowest concentration tested. Although the absolute value of the NOAEC 

(750 μg total ai/L) is one order of magnitude higher than the highest 60-day aquatic EEC 

of 37.42 μg ai/L and risk concerns cannot be eliminated on this alone.

Indirect acute and chronic effects to estuarine/marine fish may be possible for those 

species that rely on aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, 

estuarine/marine fish, and/or mammals, for food, habitat, or other environmental 

resources.

Invertebrates

The risk quotient analysis using the TTR approach indicated direct effects to acute listed 

and non-listed species of freshwater invertebrates. Most of the proposed uses for 

cyantraniliprole exceeded the acute risk to listed species LOC of 0.05 while roughly 4% 

of the proposed use scenarios evaluated did not. Of the former, roughly 55% of the 

proposed use scenarios also exceeded the acute risk to non-listed species LOC of 0.5. 

Many (~68%) use scenarios also exceeded the chronic risk LOC of 1. 

Acute toxicity data were available for 9 of the 10 degradates identified as degradates of 

concern. These data indicated that the degradates were less toxic than the parent, on an 

acute exposure basis. Likewise, the chronic toxicity value for the most toxic degradate 

also suggests the degradates are less toxic on a chronic exposure basis than the parent 

(Table 42). Therefore, the TTR approach for generating aquatic EECs is likely overly 

conservative for freshwater invertebrates. 
126

Table 42. Comparison of Toxicological Data for Aquatic Invertebrates for 

Cyantraniliprole and its Degradates

Test material Molecular 

weight (g/mol) Endpoint Toxicity value 

(mg/L)

Degradate toxicity expressed 

in parent compound 

equivalents (mg/L)*

Freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna)

Cyantraniliprole 473

48-hr EC50

0.0204 0.0204

IN-J9Z38 454 >0.22 >0.23

IN-JCZ38 490 1.85 1.79

IN-JSE76 491 26.64 25.7

IN-K5A77 473 >0.85 >0.85

IN-K5A78 473 >31.39 >31.39

IN-K5A79 478 >31.57 >31.2

IN-PLT97 460 0.30 0.31

IN-QKV54 344 >0.287 >0.40

IN-RNU71 437 >2.7 >2.9

Cyantraniliprole 473 NOAEC 0.00656 0.00656

IN-J9Z38 454 0.24 0.25

**Degradate toxicity are in parent compound equivalents: 

(mg/L) = (MWparent / MWdegradate) x (toxicity endpoint of degradate (mg/L))

To further refine the assessment, EECs were generated using a parent-only approach for 

several of the cyantraniliprole use scenarios. Parent-only EECs were generated for the 

North Carolina cotton aerial application scenario (3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A, 7-day interval), 

which had yielded the highest EECs (38 μg ai/L) using the TTR approach. The new peak 

EEC was 7.89 μg ai/L and 21-day EEC was 5.28 μg ai/L. This reduced the highest acute 

risk quotient for all use scenarios to 0.39; it still exceeds the acute listed species LOC of 

0.05, but no longer exceeds the acute non-listed species LOC of 0.5. Likewise, the 

highest chronic risk quotient for all use scenarios was reduced to 0.80, well below the 

chronic LOC of 1. Further exploring acute exposures, it was determined that the peak 

EEC would need to be roughly 5.0 μg ai/L to result in an RQ below the acute listed 

species LOC of 0.05. This translates into roughly 20% of the use scenarios that exceeded 

the LOC (0.05) in the TTR approach. Thus, direct acute exposure risks are possible for 

listed freshwater invertebrates; but direct chronic risks are not.

Indirect effects to freshwater invertebrates are expected for those species that rely on 

aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish, terrestrial monocots,

and/or mammals for food, habitat, or other environmental resources.

The RQ analysis indicated acute risk to listed species for estuarine/marine invertebrates 

for eight of the proposed cyantraniliprole use scenarios. The highest risk quotient was 

0.072 (compared with the LOC of 0.05); thus, reducing the application rate may lower 

the risk quotients for these eight use scenarios to below the acute risk to listed species 

LOC (RQ < 0.05). None of the risk quotients exceeded the chronic risk LOC of 1 for 

either the crustacean (mysid shrimp mortality-based endpoint) or mollusks (Eastern 

oyster growth-based endpoint); acute-to-chronic ratios are not normally based on acute 

growth endpoints, but the oyster shell toxicity test yielded the most sensitive endpoint for 

acute toxicity to estuarine/marine invertebrates. Even when this more conservative 
127

endpoint was considered (compared with the mysid acute mortality endpoint), RQ values

did not exceed the chronic risk LOC. Consequently, direct acute effects to listed species 

of estuarine/marine invertebrates are possible for a small number of proposed uses, but no 

direct chronic effects are expected. Indirect effects are expected for those species that 

rely on aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, 

estuarine/marine fish, and/or mammals for food, habitat, or other environmental 

resources.

The RQ analysis indicated potential chronic risks and limited direct acute risks for 

benthic invertebrates. RQ values exceeded the chronic risk LOC of 1 in 46% of the 

modeled scenarios. Only one use exceeded the acute risk to listed species LOC of 0.05; 

the proposed rapeseed/mustard seed seed treatment (modeled by ND wheat) yielded a 

risk quotient of 0.051. The other rapeseed/mustard seed seed treatment, evaluated using

the ND canola scenario, did not exceed the acute risk to listed species LOC. The 

maximum proposed application rate is 0.4 lb ai/A and it is possible that by slightly 

lowering the application rate, RQ values may drop below the acute risk to listed species 

LOC; however, direct chronic effects would still remain for roughly half of the proposed 

uses. Indirect effects are possible for those species that rely on aquatic invertebrates,

terrestrial invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish, terrestrial monocots, and/or mammals for 

food or other environmental resources.

b. Plants

Risk quotients for aquatic plants could not be calculated because the toxicity values were 

non-definitive. The most sensitive vascular aquatic plant EC50 is >12100 μg ai/L 

(duckweed). The most sensitive non-vascular plant test (EC50 >10000 μg total ai/L) was 

with an estuarine/marine diatom and contained precipitate in the highest concentration 

tested. There is uncertainty as to the actual amount of cyantraniliprole that was dissolved 

in the test solution because measured concentrations were not centrifuged or filtered. The 

next most sensitive toxicity value (no precipitate in the study) was for green algae (EC50

>13000 μg ai/L). The duckweed, estuarine/marine diatom, and green algae toxicity

values are all much larger than the peak surface water EEC predicted for all of the 

proposed uses of cyantraniliprole (37.97 μg ai/L). In addition to technical-grade 

cyantraniliprole, toxicity studies with non-vascular plants were performed with typical 

end-use products (TEP). Such a study with green algae yielded the most sensitive EC50

of all the non-vascular plant studies (EC50 = 825 μg ai/L). Using the highest peak EEC 

(37.97 μg ai/L) and the TEP toxicity endpoint, the resulting RQ is 0.046 and is well 

below the LOC of 1 for aquatic plants. Normally results from TEP studies are not 

considered in aquatic assessments because they are overly conservative (organism is 

expected to be exposed to individual components and not the full formulation itself). 

Given the lines of evidence, it is unlikely that there will be direct adverse effects to 

aquatic plants based on exposure from the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole. Indirect 

effects are possible for those species that rely on aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial

invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, estuarine/marine fish, and/or mammals, for habitat 

modification, seed/propagule dispersal, or other environmental resources.
128

3. Risks to Terrestrial Organisms

a. Animals

Birds, Reptiles, and Land-Phase Amphibians

Acute dose-based and dietary-based risk quotients could not be calculated to evaluate the 

risks to birds because only non-definitive acute toxicity data were available. Instead, the 

non-definitive toxicity values were directly compared to the EECs (Table 43). The most 

sensitive TGAI studies were selected (in two cases, there were more sensitive results for 

TEP studies, but these were also non-definitive and the lower toxicity value is probably 

an artifact of the largest dose of product that was given to the bird rather than the active 

ingredient itself). In all cases, none of the EECs were larger than the non-definitive 

toxicity values for the most sensitive avian species. No sub-lethal effects were observed 

in either the acute oral or sub-acute dietary studies for any of the species tested. 

An LD50/ft2 analysis is usually conducted for granular pesticide applications; however, 

risk quotients cannot be calculated when toxicity values are non-definitive. This process

is in place because using the absolute value of the non-definitive may over-estimate risk. 

In this case, given that no other information was available, the absolute value of the acute 

oral bird toxicity (LD50 =2250 mg ai/kg-bw) was used in T-REX to generate risk 

quotients which ranged from <0.01 to 0.03. These risk quotients cannot be used 

quantitatively in a risk assessment because they were calculated in an overly conservative 

manner; however, they qualitatively demonstrate that acute risks to birds for the proposed 

public health granular use of cyantraniliprole are unlikely. Thus, the potential for risk is 

considered to be low for acute dose-based and dietary-based exposure of birds, reptiles, 

and terrestrial-phase amphibians from cyantraniliprole for all registered uses. 

None of the avian RQ values calculated for chronic exposure exceed the Agency’s

chronic risk LOC for listed and non-listed species. Therefore, the likelihood of chronic

adverse effects in birds, reptiles, and terrestrial-phase amphibians from exposure to 

residues from the proposed cyantraniliprole uses is expected to be low.

Indirect effects are possible for species of birds, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians

that rely on aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, 

estuarine/marine fish, and/or mammals for food or other environmental resources.

Table 43. Comparison of the Highest Calculated EEC for Each Use of 

Cyantraniliprole to the Most Sensitive Avian Acute Toxicity Values

Application Scenario Dietary 

Item

EEC

(mg ai/kg-bw)

LD50 (zebra 

finch and 

bobwhite 

quail) mg 

ai/kg-bw

EEC

(mg ai/kg-diet)

LC50 (mallard

and bobwhite 

quail) mg 

ai/kg-diet

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy 

vegetables

Short 

grass

91.56 >2250 80.39 >5620
129

Application Scenario Dietary 

Item

EEC

(mg ai/kg-bw)

LD50 (zebra 

finch and 

bobwhite 

quail) mg 

ai/kg-bw

EEC

(mg ai/kg-diet)

LC50 (mallard

and bobwhite 

quail) mg 

ai/kg-diet

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, 

leafy vegetables (except brassica), corm 

and tuberous vegetables, bulb vegetables

Short 

grass

99.10 >2250 87.02 >5620

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, 

stone fruit, tree nuts

Short 

grass

95.55 >2250 83.90 >5620

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables Short 

grass

96.23 >2250 84.49 >5620

Potatoes (seed treatment – higher rate) Seed 113.65 >2250 N/A >5620

Potatoes (seed treatment – lower rate) Seed 28.99 >2250 N/A >5620

Rapeseed including canola varieties, 

mustard seed (seed treatment) Seed 65.88 >2250 N/A >5620

Sunflower (seed treatment) Seed 2.64 >2250 N/A >5620

Flowerbeds and groundcovers Short 

grass

106.35 >2250 93.38 >5620

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators

Short 

grass

66.47 >2250 58.36 >5620

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees 

(non-bearing) and forest seedlings 

grown in greenhouses, lath and shade 

houses, containers, field nurseries and 

interiorscapes

Short 

grass

97.59 >2250 85.64 >5620

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes 

and interior plantscapes), trees 

(including non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, bedding

plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage 

plants, groundcovers, vines, interior 

plantscape plants, vegetable transplants 

(fruiting, leafy, tuberous, corm), public 

health insect control

Short 

grass

114.80 >2250 100.80 >5620

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, parks, 

playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, 

grassy weedy mulched, or bare soil 

areas in and around greenhouses, 

nurseries, interior plantscapes, lath and 

shade houses, under trees and shrubs 

that are being grown in-ground

Short 

grass

82.97 >2250 72.85 >5620

Soil injection/drench hardwood (lower 

rate) Leaves N/A >2250 148 >5620

Soil injection/drench hardwood (higher 

rate) Leaves N/A >2250 254 >5620

Soil drench (citrus) Leaves N/A >2250 233 >5620

Soil injection/drench softwood (lower 

rate) Leaves N/A >2250 68 >5620

Soil injection/drench softwood (higher 

rate) Leaves N/A >2250 116 >5620
130

Application Scenario Dietary 

Item

EEC

(mg ai/kg-bw)

LD50 (zebra 

finch and 

bobwhite 

quail) mg 

ai/kg-bw

EEC

(mg ai/kg-diet)

LC50 (mallard

and bobwhite 

quail) mg 

ai/kg-diet

Potted non-woody ornamental drench 

(lower rate) Leaves N/A >2250 4.6 >5620

Potted non-woody ornamental drench 

(higher rate) Leaves N/A >2250 9 >5620

Drip irrigation (brassica vegetables) Leaves N/A >2250 64 >5620

Drip irrigation (cucurbits) Leaves N/A >2250 636 >5620

Drip irrigation (fruiting vegetables) Leaves N/A >2250 182 >5620

Drip irrigation (leafy vegetables) Leaves N/A >2250 54 >5620

Drip irrigation (corm and tuberous 

vegetables) Leaves N/A >2250 64 >5620

Mammals

Acute dose-based and dietary-based risk quotients could not be calculated to evaluate the 

risks to mammals because only non-definitive acute toxicity data were available. Instead, 

the non-definitive toxicity values were directly compared to the EECs (Table 44). In all 

cases, none of the EECs were larger than the non-definitive toxicity values. Furthermore, 

no sub-lethal effects were observed in the acute oral toxicity study.

An LD50/ft2 analysis is usually conducted for granular pesticide applications; however,

similar to what was discussed for birds, risk quotients cannot be calculated when toxicity 

values are non-definitive. In this case, given that no other information was available, the 

absolute value of the acute oral mammal toxicity (LD50 =5000 mg ai/kg-bw) was used in 

T-REX to generate RQs. The RQs ranged from <0.01 to 0.01. These RQs cannot be 

used quantitatively in a risk assessment because they were calculated in an overly 

conservative manner; however, they qualitatively demonstrate that acute risks to 

mammals from the proposed public health granular use of cyantraniliprole are considered

unlikely. Thus, the potential for risk is considered to be low for acute dose-based 

exposure of mammals from cyantraniliprole for all proposed uses.

Chronic risk quotients exceeded the chronic risk to mammals LOC of 1 for most of the 

proposed uses of cyantraniliprole. The few uses that did not exceed were: non-woody 

potted ornamental plants, and the seed treatments (potato, rapeseed/mustard seed, and 

sunflower). Of the uses that exceeded, mammals that consume short grass, tall grass, 

broadleaf plants, and arthropods are potentially at direct risk. Those mammals that 

strictly consume seeds, fruits, and/or pods are not expected to be at direct risk from 

cyantraniliprole uses. Consequently, direct chronic risks are possible for most 

cyantraniliprole uses, based on the screening-level RQ analysis.
131

Indirect effects to mammals are possible for all species that rely on aquatic invertebrates,

terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, mammals, and/or estuarine/marine fish for 

food, habitat, or other environmental resources.

Table 44. Comparison of the Highest Calculated EEC for Each Use of 

Cyantraniliprole to the Most Sensitive Mammal Acute Toxicity Value

Application Scenario Dietary 

Item

EEC 

(mg ai/kg-bw)

LD50 (rat) mg 

ai/kg-bw

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy vegetables Short grass 76.65 >5000

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, leafy vegetables (except 

brassica), corm and tuberous vegetables, bulb vegetables Short grass 82.96 >5000

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts Short grass 79.99 >5000

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables Short grass 80.56 >5000

Potatoes (seed treatment – higher rate) Seed 95.14 >5000

Potatoes (seed treatment – lower rate) Seed 24.27 >5000

Rapeseed including canola varieties, mustard seed (seed 

treatment) Seed 55.15 >5000

Sunflower (seed treatment) Seed 2.21 >5000

Flowerbeds and groundcovers Short grass 89.03 >5000

Ornamentals treated by commercial and consumer applicators Short grass 55.64 >5000

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees (non-bearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in greenhouses, lath and shade houses, 

containers, field nurseries and interiorscapes

Short grass 81.70 >5000

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes and interior plantscapes), 

trees (including non-bearing fruit and nut trees), shrubs, 

evergreens, bedding plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage 

plants, groundcovers, vines, interior plantscape plants, vegetable 

transplants (fruiting, leafy, tuberous, corm), public health insect 

control

Short grass 96.11 >5000

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, commercial grounds, parks, 

playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, grassy weedy mulched, or 

bare soil areas in and around greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade houses, under trees and shrubs that are 

being grown in-ground

Short grass 88.40 >5000

Soil injection/drench hardwood (lower rate) Leaves 141 >5000

Soil injection/drench hardwood (higher rate) Leaves 241 >5000

Soil drench (citrus) Leaves 221 >5000

Soil injection/drench softwood (lower rate) Leaves 65 >5000
132

Application Scenario Dietary 

Item

EEC 

(mg ai/kg-bw)

LD50 (rat) mg 

ai/kg-bw

Soil injection/drench softwood (higher rate) Leaves 110 >5000

Potted non-woody ornamental drench (lower rate) Leaves 4 >5000

Potted non-woody ornamental drench (higher rate) Leaves 9 >5000

Drip irrigation (brassica vegetables) Leaves 61 >5000

Drip irrigation (cucurbits) Leaves 604 >5000

Drip irrigation (fruiting vegetables) Leaves 173 >5000

Drip irrigation (leafy vegetables) Leaves 51 >5000

Drip irrigation (corm and tuberous vegetables) Leaves 61 >5000

Terrestrial Invertebrates

Toxicity data were available for parasitic wasps, beetles, spiders, lacewings, predatory 

mites, and collembola. The studies indicated that cyantraniliprole is toxic to some 

terrestrial invertebrates at very low application rates (48-hr LR50 = 0.00008 lb ai/A –

parasitic wasp). Conversely, collembola, which are exposed to cyantraniliprole through 

direct contact with the soil, were not found to be very sensitive to applications of 

cyantraniliprole (EC50 > 1200 mg ai/kg-soil. Likewise, earthworms demonstrated a low 

toxic effect to cyantraniliprole (EC50 > 102.6 mg ai/kg-soil – based on TEP).

Honeybee toxicity data for cyantraniliprole indicated that it is highly toxic on an acute 

oral and contact basis, but the endpoints were non-definitive and the true toxicity 

classification is uncertain. Tier I risk quotients for TEPs (cyantraniliprole-only and 

cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam) exceeded the LOC of 0.4 for most uses. Risk quotients 

could not be calculated using data from technical-grade cyantraniliprole because the oral 

and contact toxicity endpoints were both non-definitive. In lieu of this, Table 45 presents 

a direct comparison of the EEC for each use with the toxicity endpoint. For technicalgrade cyantraniliprole, the EEC is higher than the non-definitive toxicity value for all 

uses except the soil applications. This indicates that those uses may pose environmental 

risks to terrestrial insects. There is uncertainty, however, because the toxicity endpoints 

are non-definitive. 

Table 45. Comparison of the EEC for Each Use of Cyantraniliprole to the Most 

Sensitive Honeybee Acute Toxicity Values

Application Scenario Dietary EEC 

(μg ai/bee)

Oral LD50 μg 

ai/bee

Contact EEC

(μg ai/bee)

Contact LD50

μg ai/bee

Brassica leafy vegetables, leafy 

vegetables 10.76 > 0.1055 2.111 > 0.0934
133

Application Scenario Dietary EEC 

(μg ai/bee)

Oral LD50 μg 

ai/bee

Contact EEC

(μg ai/bee)

Contact LD50

μg ai/bee

Brassica leafy vegetables, bushberries, 

leafy vegetables (except brassica), corm 

and tuberous vegetables, bulb vegetables

11.64 > 0.1055 4.36 > 0.0934

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome fruit, 

stone fruit, tree nuts

11.23 > 0.1055 1.62 > 0.0934

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables 11.31 > 0.1055 4.24 > 0.0934

Potato, rapeseed including canola, 

mustard seed, sunflower (seed 

treatment)

0.292 > 0.1055 N/A > 0.0934

Flowerbeds and groundcovers 12.50 > 0.1055 2.503 > 0.0934

Ornamentals treated by commercial and 

consumer applicators 7.81 > 0.1055 1.564 > 0.0934

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut trees 

(non-bearing) and forest seedlings 

grown in greenhouses, lath and shade 

houses, containers, field nurseries and 

interiorscapes

11.47 > 0.1055 3.135 > 0.0934

Ornamental plants (exterior landscapes 

and interior plantscapes), trees 

(including non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, bedding

plants, flowering plants, flowers, foliage 

plants, groundcovers, vines, interior 

plantscape plants, vegetable transplants 

(fruiting, leafy, tuberous, corm), public 

health insect control

13.49 > 0.1055 5.05 > 0.0934

Turf, golf courses, residential lawns, 

commercial grounds, parks, 

playgrounds, athletic fields, sod farms, 

grassy weedy mulched, or bare soil 

areas in and around greenhouses, 

nurseries, interior plantscapes, lath and 

shade houses, under trees and shrubs 

that are being grown in-ground

12.41 > 0.1055 3.135 > 0.0934

Fly control bait (granular) 10.79 > 0.1055 3.016 N/A

Ornamental trees and potted 

ornamentals (soil injection/drench) 

(lower rate)

0.002 > 0.1055 N/A N/A

Ornamental trees (soil injection/drench) 

(higher rate) 0.003 > 0.1055 N/A N/A

Citrus (soil drench) 0.003 > 0.1055 N/A N/A

Potted ornamental drench (higher rate) 0.004 > 0.1055 N/A N/A

Brassica vegetables, cucurbits, fruiting 

vegetables, leafy vegetables, corm and 

tuberous vegetables (drip irrigation)

0.003 > 0.1055 N/A N/A
134

Application Scenario Dietary EEC 

(μg ai/bee)

Oral LD50 μg 

ai/bee

Contact EEC

(μg ai/bee)

Contact LD50

μg ai/bee

N/A = not applicable

1

Based on single app of 0.175 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

2

Based on single app of 0.133 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

3

Based on single app of 0.208 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days 4

Based on single app of 0.13 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

5

Based on single app of 0.26 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

6

Based on single app of 0.087 lb ai/A because application interval is >5 days

Toxicity information was available for three of cyantraniliprole’s degradates. Two of 

them (IN-HGW87 and IN-J9Z38) are classified as “highly toxic” to honeybees, but there 

is uncertainty regarding this classification because the endpoints were non-definitive. 

The third degradate (IN-K5A78) is classified as “practically non-toxic” to honeybees. 

Based on this information, it is uncertain as to whether cyantraniliprole’s degradates may 

pose a risk to honeybees. 

Residue data were also available for cyantraniliprole and some of its degradates in honey, 

pollen, nectar, wax, and guttation fluid. Residue samples were taken as part of semi- or 

full-field studies with honeybees. Pollen, nectar, and wax were collected from the hives 

or directly from foraging bees. Guttation water samples were collected from the crop that 

had been treated with cyantraniliprole. After converting the residues into doses, they 

could be directly compared to the oral and contact toxicity values (it should be noted that 

the toxicity values were non-definitive and taking them at face value may over-estimate 

the risk) (Table 46). Comparing the measured residue data to the model-estimated 

exposure values on food items, the foliar model (T-REX) yielded much higher estimates 

than quantified in the field. T-REX EECs (converted into a dose per bee) ranged from 

7.81 to 13.49 μg ai/bee for dietary exposure and 1.56 to 5.05 μg ai/bee for contact 

exposure. The highest residue measurement in the field (converted into a dose per bee) 

was 0.0083 μg ai/bee. For drench/soil applications, the modeled EECs (converted into a 

dose per bee) were 0.002 to 0.007 μg ai/bee for dietary exposure whereas the maximum 

residue measured in the field for drip irrigation application methods was 0.003 μg ai/bee 

in nectar. This suggests that risk quotients based off of T-REX (foliar applications) may 

over-estimate the exposure potential for honeybees, and thus the risk. The risk quotients 

for drench/soil application methods may more accurately represent exposure conditions, 

and thus risk.

There was one instance in which the detection of cyantraniliprole in the field surpassed 

the absolute acute contact and oral LD50 values: guttation fluid in a study with two foliar 

applications of cyantraniliprole at 0.08 lb ai/A on oilseed rape. This establishes that 

conditions in the field are such that concentrations of cyantraniliprole can reach 

concentrations potentially hazardous for acute exposures to honeybees. The data set in 

Table 46 is very limited; oilseed rape is the only crop tested for foliar applications. 

Application rates vary; however, guttation fluid, which yielded the highest concentrations 

of cyantraniliprole compared to other food items, is only measured at the 0.08 lb ai/A 

rate. It is plausible that the 0.134 lb ai/A rate would yield even higher concentrations of 

cyantraniliprole in guttation fluid. This rate is still lower than 0.175 lb ai/A, which is the 
135

maximum rate for a number of crops, and also lower than several proposed 

flowerbed/ornamental foliar uses that range from 0.208 to 0.42 lb ai/A. This means that 

field concentrations may be higher than these studies documented for application rates of

0.175, 0.208, and 0.42 lb ai/A. Furthermore, the label stipulates that applications can be 

made every 7 days for most crops and the study’s foliar scenarios were based on 

application intervals of 15 days or more. Again, residues may be higher with more 

frequent application intervals. Guttation fluid is considered a minor exposure pathway 

because of the uncertainty regarding its availability (generally mornings only) and 

honeybees may obtain most of their water requirements through other food sources

(USEPA 2012b). Therefore, the analyses that follow focus on pollen and nectar residue 

data.

One drip irrigation scenario (0.089 lb ai/A with melons) was also considered in the 

residue studies and generally yielded lower concentrations of cyantraniliprole in pollen, 

and guttation fluids than the foliar application methods; however, it should be noted that 

the application rate used in the study was much lower than the maximum single 

application rate of 0.35 lb ai/A for drip chemigation in some crops.

Table 46. Residues of Cyantraniliprole and Its Degradates in Bee Food Items

Application rate

(lb ai/A)

Cyantraniliprole residues in 

mg ai/kg (converted into a 

dose – μg ai/bee)1

Other degradates in mg ai/kg 

(converted into a dose –

μg/bee)1

MRID

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

2 at 0.08 (20 days)

Honey = 0.013 (0.0017)

Pollen = 0.019 (0.0024)

Wax = 0.033 (0.0043)

Guttation = 3.092 (0.40)*

Guttation

IN-J9Z38 = 0.046 (0.0059)

IN-HGW87 = 0.010 (0.0012)

IN-MYX98 = 0.008 (0.00098)

48122557

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

2 at 0.08 (16 days)

Honey = 0.020 (0.0025)

Pollen = 0.065 (0.0083)

Wax = 0.030 (0.0038)

Guttation = 0.647 (0.083)

Guttation

IN-J9Z38 = 0.012 (0.0015)

IN-HGW87 = 0.008 (0.0010)

IN-MYX98 = 0.007 (0.0009)

48122558

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

2 at 0.134 (15 

days)

Pollen (median) = 0.025 

(0.0032)

Honey = 0.005 (0.00068)

Not available 48122553

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

2 at 0.011 (15 

days)

Pollen (median) = 0.011 

(0.0014)

Wax = 0.008 (0.00097)

Not available 48122553

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

2 at 0.134

Honey = 0.005 (0.00064)

Pollen = 0.077 (0.0099)

Pollen

IN-J9Z38 = 0.007 (0.00093) and 

0.010 (0.0012)

48122552

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

2 at 0.011 (17 

days)

Pollen = 0.042 (0.0054) Not available 48122552

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

Honey (median) = 0.006 

(0.00073) Not available 48122551
136

2 at 0.011 (15 

days)

Pollen = 0.009 (0.0012)

Wax = 0.011 (0.0014)

Oilseed rape 

(foliar)

2 at 0.134 (15 

days)

Honey (median) = 0.008 

(0.0010)

Pollen = 0.062 (0.0080)

Wax = 0.017 (0.0021)

Not available 48122551

Melon (drip 

irrigation)

3 at 0.089 (7 days)

Pollen = 0.012 (0.0015)

Nectar = 0.026 (0.0033)

Guttation = 0.066 (0.0084)

Not available 48122548

1

Conversions to ai/bee were made by multiplying the residue value (converted to mg ai/kg) times the body 

weight of an average-sized adult bee (0.128 g) (Mayer and Johansen 1990). 

*Exceeds cyantraniliprole acute contact (LD50 >0.0934μg ai/bee) and/or acute oral (LD50 >0.1055 μg 

ai/bee) toxicity value

Some data from magnitude of residue studies were also available for pollen (MRIDs

48119994 and 48120013) (Table 47). These studies were not performed in conjunction 

with a honeybee semi- or full-field experiment. In these studies, samples of pollen were 

collected from each crop after a period of time following the application of 

cyantraniliprole. Canola, sunflower, tomato, zucchini and P. tanacetifolia were tested 

and both foliar and drench application scenarios were considered. Foliar applications 

consisted of multiple applications of 0.12 lb ai/A applied at 7-10 day intervals while soil 

applications were applied once at a rate of 0.35 lb ai/A. Cyantraniliprole residues in 

pollen ranged from 0.016 to 5.549 mg ai/kg for foliar applications 0.023 to 1.674 mg 

ai/kg for soil applications. In all instances but zucchini, the soil application yielded lower 

residue values than the foliar applications. Some of the foliar applications were made 

during bloom; thus, the higher concentrations of residues detected on the pollen for foliar 

applications probably reflects cyantraniliprole coming into direct contact with the pollen. 

The soil drench applications reflect solely movement of the insecticide from the soil into 

the plant. Comparing the cyantraniliprole residues detected in pollen and anthers, it 

appears that cyantraniliprole is not equally distributed throughout the flower; residue 

concentrations are consistently higher in pollen samples than anther samples.
137

Table 47. Summary of Pollen Residue Data from Magnitude of Residue Studies

Total radioactive residues (mg/kg)

Crop Canola Sunflower Tomato Zucchini Phacelia 

tanacetifolia

Treatment Foliara Soilb Foliara Soilb Foliara Soilc Foliara Soilb Foliara Soilb

Pollend 0.346 0.268 5.549 0.136 1.674 0.101 0.016 0.023 0.069 0.033

Anthersd 0.125 0.014 0.488 0.262 0.467 0.048 0.008 0.002 0.015 0.015

Anther washe 0.082 0.014 0.081 0.045 0.134 0.019 0.009 0.004 0.049 0.021 a

Three foliar applications of [14C]-cyantraniliprole were made at 0.12 lb ai/A, ca. 7 to 10 days apart, with the 

first application at ca. 3 to 4 weeks prior to flowering. The last foliar application to canola was 2 days after 

the second application to ensure completion of the treatment regime before onset of flowering.

b

A single 0.35 lb ai/A soil drench application of [14C]-cyantraniliprole was made at sowing. c

A single 0.35 lb ai/A soil drench application of [14C]-cyantraniliprole was made at ca. 3 to 4 weeks prior to 

flowering.

d

TRR = Total extractable + unextracted 14C-residues in sample e

A water rinse, required to separate pollen from the anthers, was analyzed by LSC

Given that acute risks were identified for cyantraniliprole applications, the residue data 

taken from hives were used to refine the risk assessment. Oral consumption rates of 

pollen and nectar are dependent on the life stage of the honeybee [guttation water is not 

considered here because exposures are expected to be higher for other food items (i.e., 

pollen and nectar) (USEPA 2012b)]. Larval toxicity data are not available for 

cyantraniliprole, thus only adults are considered here. Table 48 depicts the expected food 

consumption rate for different adult honeybees. To calculate risk quotients, the estimated 

dose per day for each food item is divided by the oral toxicity value. Risk quotients were 

calculated using the oral dose for a TEP because this value was definitive, whereas the 

toxicity endpoints for technical-grade cyantraniliprole were not (Table 49). This is a 

conservative approach because some of the toxicity of a product may be associated with 

it non-cyantraniliprole components. However, given that the TGAI data for 

cyantraniliprole are non-definitive and not appropriate for risk quotient calculation, the 

TEP data are used, with caution.

Table 48. Estimated Consumption Rates of Pollen, Nectar and Royal Jelly by Adult 

Honeybees

Life Stage Caste

Daily consumption rate (mg/day)

Average Age

(in days)

Brood food / 

royal jelly Nectar** Pollen*** Total food

Adult

Worker

(cell cleaning and 

capping)

0-10 none 60 5.2 65

Worker (brood and 

queen tending, nurse 

bees)

6-17 none 140 8.85 149

Worker (comb 

building, cleaning and 

food handling)

11-18 none 60 1.7 62
138

Life Stage Caste

Daily consumption rate (mg/day)

Average Age

(in days)

Brood food / 

royal jelly Nectar** Pollen*** Total food

Worker

(foraging for pollen) >18 none 43.5 0.041 44

Worker

(foraging for nectar) >18 none 292 0.041 292

Worker

(maintenance of hive in 

winter

0-90 none 29 2 31

Drone >10 none 235 0.0002 235

Queen 0+ unknown unknown None unknown

Source: USEPA 2012 Draft Pollinator Risk Assessment Framework; 

NA = not applicable

*From Winston 1987

**From Rortais et al. 2005. Assumes that average sugar content of nectar is 30%.

*** From Crailsheim et al. (1992, 1993).

Table 49. Refined Acute Oral Risk Quotients for Adult Honeybees Using Maximum 

Reported Concentrations in Pollen and Nectar

Life 

Stage Cast/Task Average 

Age (d)

Total food 

Consumption 

(g/d)

Estimated Oral 

Dose

(ug ai/bee/d) 1

Acute RQ 2

Cyan. only

Adult Worker (cell 

cleaning and 

capping)

0-10 0.065 0.00196 0.017

Worker (brood and 

queen tending, 

nurse bees)

6-17 0.149 0.00432 0.037

Worker (comb 

building, cleaning 

and food handling)

11-18 0.062 0.00169 0.015

Worker (foraging 

for pollen) >18 0.0435 0.00113 0.010

Worker (foraging 

for nectar) >18 0.292 0.0076 0.066

Worker 

(maintenance of 

hive in winter

0-90 0.031 0.000908 0.008

Drone >10 0.235 0.00611 0.053

Queen 0+ unknown unknown unknown 1 Oral dose determined using maximum concentrations of cyantraniliprole in pollen (rapeseed = 

0.077 mg/kg) and nectar (melon = 0.026 mg/kg) reported in Table 46 multiplied by the estimated 

cast-specific consumption rate. The dose is reflective of the percent pollen and nectar that adult 

honeybees typically consume in a day (i.e., for nectar, the maximum concentration found in nectar 

is multiplied by the nectar consumption rate. The same is done for pollen and these are then added 

together for the total cyantraniliprole consumption rate).

2 Acute RQs determined as the ratio of oral dose to the acute LD50 for cyantraniliprole-only TEP 

(0.116 μg ai/bee)
139

The concentrations of residues detected in hives in the semi- and full-field studies 

indicate that the use of cyantraniliprole products result in residues that are not expected to 

result in risk concerns to honeybees through the dietary exposure route. The highest 

concentration of cyantraniliprole in pollen was detected in samples taken directly from 

the hive (comb). The highest concentration of cyantraniliprole in nectar was collected 

from forager bees upon their return to the hive. The risk quotients are most heavily 

influenced by the concentration of cyantraniliprole in nectar because this is a larger part 

of the bee’s diet than pollen. One uncertainty is that the residue samples were taken from 

studies that were far below the maximum application rate; higher application rates may 

result in higher residue concentrations in nectar and pollen. The highest cyantraniliprole 

concentration in nectar was derived from a study with 3 applications of cyantraniliprole 

at 0.089 lb ai/A (7-day interval) via drip irrigation in melons. Proposed application rates 

are as high as 0.35 lb ai/A for a single application via drip chemigation, thus the

application rate used in the residue study with melons is far below what is proposed for 

other uses. In general, the magnitude of residue studies tested at application rates that 

were higher and/or more frequent than those tested in the honeybee field effects studies. 

The magnitude of residues studies did not measure nectar concentrations, but pollen 

concentrations are generally higher than those detected in the hive studies and likely 

reflect the higher application rates used in the magnitude of residue studies. However, to 

exceed the LOC of 0.4, an adult worker honeybee foraging for nectar would need to 

consume a daily dose of 0.464 μg ai/bee, which is six times greater than the maximum 

dose consumed using the provided residue data. 

Many semi- and full-field studies were available to evaluate cyantraniliprole’s effects on 

honeybees. Beginning with bee behavior and mortality, the field studies indicate that 

cyantraniliprole applications induce temporary adverse effects (cramping, lethargy, 

increased grooming behavior, decreased foraging activity) in honeybees. Unlike the 

foliage residues test, which showed negligible mortality and behavior effects on bees 

exposed to residues (aged 3 to 72 hours), the field studies take into consideration the 

dietary route of exposure as well as the contact route. Many of the field studies for 

honeybees reported an increased mortality for up to five days after the application. Bees 

exhibited decreased foraging behavior for up to six days after application and it is 

suggested that cyantraniliprole has a “repellent” effect on bees. Signs of intoxication 

were also reported (e.g., cramping of bees). Not surprisingly, applications made during 

bee flight tended to result in a greater degree of adverse effects than applications made 

after bee flight. The combination of mortality, sub-lethal effects, and repellence

(decreased foraging) in cyantraniliprole-treated plants may affect pollinator services. 

Based on the semi-field study data, the effects are expected to be transient (lasting up to 

six days).

Although the semi-field studies indicated transient effects on behavior, foraging activity 

and mortality, observations of brood health and colony strength (up to 28 days) suggested 

no adverse effects from cyantraniliprole applications. The results of longer-term studies 

must be considered in the context of some uncertainties. Namely, the health of all 

colonies (controls and treatment) was in decline well before overwintering reductions in 

colony size should have occurred. However, of the three studies that followed the hives 
140

through the overwintering period, most of the data suggest no long-term effects to 

honeybees that would differentiate treated from control colonies.

One semi-field study monitored the colonies up to just prior to overwintering period 

(170) days and detected no differences between the controls and treatments. Three 

studies followed the hives through the overwintering period. Two of these demonstrated 

that hive health and/or brood development was comparable between the treatment groups 

and the controls. In the third study, the control and one of the treatments were similar in 

their performance, but a second treatment showed decreased colony strength and a much 

smaller average number of bees per hive than at the start of the experiment. The second 

treatment involved the application of cyantraniliprole during bee flight whereas in the 

first treatment, applications were made after bee flight. This could be the cause behind 

the decreased colony size in this study. However, the other two studies, in which no 

differences occurred in hive strength after overwintering, also involved treatments where 

applications of cyantraniliprole were made during bee flight. This remains a point of 

uncertainty, although overall, the field studies suggest that applications of 

cyantraniliprole at rates of up to 0.134 lb ai/A did not adversely affect hive 

health/strength relative to controls. 

According to label rates, cyantraniliprole can be sprayed up to 0.175 lb ai/A on brassica 

leafy vegetables, cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, and leafy vegetables. Foliar rates of 

0.208 to 0.42 lb ai/A are permitted for flowerbeds and groundcovers, turf/grassy areas, 

public health insect control, and trees and ornamental plants. These rates were not 

addressed in the honeybee field trials and the effects to hive health from these higher 

rates are uncertain.

In one of the field studies, varroa mites infested all of the colonies. The hives exposed to 

cyantraniliprole-treated crops had higher mites loads than the control hives. This could 

indicate that cyantraniliprole may increase the susceptibility of hives to other 

environmental stressors; however there is uncertainty in this premise because the study 

was not designed to specifically test the effects of varroa mites on hives.

Another route of exposure is through the dust associated with planting cyantraniliproletreated seeds or harvesting cyantraniliprole-treated crops. Bees may be exposed to dust 

while in flight (contact) or when visiting dust-laden flowers (contact or dietary). Dust 

generated from the abrasion of treated seed coats during planting has been linked to bee 

mortality (Pistorius et al. 2009; Forster et al. 2009) and is the subject of ongoing research 

(Tapparo et al. 2012; Krupke et al. 2012).

Finally, there is further uncertainty about the typical end-use products that contain both 

cyantraniliprole and thiamethoxam. Individual toxicity data for each of these chemicals 

indicate that they are both highly toxic to bees. The contact and dietary acute toxicity 

data from a laboratory study indicate that the co-formulated product is more toxic than 

cyantraniliprole alone, but less toxic than thiamethoxam alone. No field studies were 

available for this product and its short and long-term effects on pollinator services and 

honeybee colony health are unknown.
141

Data were available for a number of other terrestrial invertebrates as well. They 

suggested that sensitivity to cyantraniliprole varies, depending on the organisms. 

Parasitoid wasps were the most sensitive, while collembola, beetles, lacewings, predatory 

mites, and spiders were not as sensitive. Earthworms also appeared to be generally 

unaffected by the cyantraniliprole application rates that were tested. As with the 

honeybee studies, these rates did not approach the single maximum of 0.69 lb ai/A.

Overall, the combination of laboratory and field studies suggests that risk concerns are 

possible for cyantraniliprole. The Tier II risk quotient analysis indicated that the acute 

oral exposure route is likely not a risk concern; however, risk concerns for contact 

toxicity can not be eliminated, based on the Tier I risk quotient analysis. Transient 

effects were observed up to the maximum application rate tested (0.134 lb ai/A) indicate 

increased mortality for up to 5 days after application and decreased foraging activity for 

up to 6 days after application. These effects do not appear to cause long-lasting damage 

to the hive as hives that were monitored tended to survive the overwintering period until 

spring. Cyantraniliprole may increase a hive’s susceptibility to varroa mite infestation, 

but more evidence is needed to document this premise. The highest application rates (up 

to 0.69 lb ai/A) were not tested, leaving uncertainty as to the effects these rates may have

on honeybees. In addition, toxicity data suggest the cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam 

product is more toxic that cyantraniliprole alone, but field studies are not available that 

assess the effects of this product.

Direct effects to terrestrial invertebrates may be reduced by limiting the times foliar 

applications of cyantraniliprole are made to periods when pollinators and other 

invertebrates are not active. There is some uncertainty associated with this action as the 

semi-field studies demonstrated transient changes in mortality rates and behavior for 

applications of cyantraniliprole made after bee flight as well as during bee flight. 

Sometimes the mortality rates were the same between both groups and sometimes the 

group receiving the application after bee flight was lower.

Indirect effects may occur for terrestrial invertebrates that depend on aquatic 

invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, estuarine/marine fish, and/or 

mammals for food, habitat, or environmental services.

b. Plants

Based on the risk quotient analysis, the LOC for risk to listed terrestrial plants was not 

exceeded for monocots or dicots. There is some uncertainty regarding the analysis for 

monocots because seedling emergence data were available for only one monocot. Onion 

was the most sensitive monocot in the vegetative vigor test, but data from this species 

were found to be unacceptable in the seedling emergence study because of control 

performance problems. If the seedling emergence NOAEC for onion is ≤0.100, risk 

quotients would exceed the LOC for some uses. Currently, the most sensitive monocot 

seedling emergence NOAEC is 0.134 lb ai/A. Risk quotients could not be calculated for 

non-listed monocots and dicots because only non-definitive data were available for these 
142

endpoints. The listed species risk quotients are based on the NOAEC, which is more 

sensitive than the EC25. Thus, the risk quotients for listed species are expected to be 

protective of non-listed species as well. No direct effects are anticipated for terrestrial 

dicots; however direct effects to listed monocots cannot be precluded because of an 

absence of data. Indirect effects may occur for plants that depend on aquatic 

invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, estuarine/marine fish, or 

mammals for seed/propagule dispersal, habitat modification, and environmental services.

4. Review of Incident Data

Reviews of the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS, version 2.1) and the Avian 

Incident Monitoring System (AIMS) were conducted on January 17, 2013. There are no 

reported incidents for cyantraniliprole in the EIIS or AIMS databases. In addition to the 

incidents recorded in EIIS and AIMS, additional pesticide incidents are reported to the 

Agency in aggregated incident reports. Ecological incidents reported in aggregate reports 

include those categorized as ‘minor fish and wildlife’ (W-B), ‘minor plant’ (P-B), and 

‘other non-target’ (ONT) incidents. ‘Other non-target’ incidents include reports of 

adverse effects to insects and other terrestrial invertebrates. As of January 17, 2013, 

there have been no aggregate cyantraniliprole ecological incidents reported to the 

Agency. Given that this is a new chemical that has not been registered for use in the 

United States or other countries, the existence of ecological incident reports would be 

unlikely.

5. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species Concerns

a. Action Area

For listed species assessment purposes, the action area is considered to be the area 

affected directly or indirectly by the federal action and not merely the immediate area 

involved in the action. At the initial screening-level, the risk assessment considers 

broadly described taxonomic groups and conservatively assumes that listed species 

within those broad groups are located on or adjacent to the treated site and aquatic 

organisms are assumed to be located in a surface water body adjacent to the treated site. 

The assessment also assumes that the listed species are located within an assumed area 

that has the relatively highest potential exposure to the pesticide, and that exposures are 

likely to decrease with distance from the treatment area. 

If the assumptions associated with the screening-level action area result in risk quotients 

that are below the listed species LOCs, a "no effect" determination conclusion is made 

with respect to listed species in that taxa, and no further refinement of the action area is 

necessary. Furthermore, risk quotients below the listed species LOCs for a given 

taxonomic group indicate no concern for indirect effects upon listed species that depend 

upon the taxonomic group covered by the risk quotient as a resource. However, in 

situations where the screening assumptions lead to risk quotients in excess of the listed 

species LOCs for a given taxonomic group, a potential for a "may affect" conclusion 

exists and may be associated with direct effects on listed species belonging to that 
143

taxonomic group or may extend to indirect effects upon listed species that depend upon 

that taxonomic group as a resource. In such cases, additional information on the biology 

of listed species, the locations of these species, and the locations of use sites could be 

considered to determine the extent to which screening assumptions regarding an action 

area apply to a particular listed organism. These subsequent refinement steps could 

consider how this information would affect the action area for a particular listed organism 

and may potentially include areas of exposure that are downwind and downstream of the 

pesticide use site.

b. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk

The Level I screening assessment process for listed species uses the generic taxonomic 

group-based process to make inferences on direct effect concerns for listed species. The 

first iteration of reporting the results of the Level I screening is a listing of pesticide use 

sites and taxonomic groups for which risk quotient calculations reveal values that meet or 

exceed the listed species LOCs (for more information see, USEPA 2004). 

(1). Discussion of Risk Quotients

The results of this screening-level risk assessment indicate that the proposed 

cyantraniliprole uses have the potential for direct adverse effects to listed and non-listed 

mammals (chronic), freshwater invertebrates (acute), terrestrial invertebrates, 

estuarine/marine invertebrates (acute) and benthic invertebrates (acute and chronic). 

Direct effects to listed terrestrial monocots also cannot be precluded because of an 

absence of data. This indicates a potential risk for direct adverse effects to federallylisted aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, and mammals 

and indirect adverse effects to any listed species that rely on these taxa as resources 

critical to their life cycle. 

(2). Probit Dose Response Relationship

The probit slope response relationship can be used to calculate the chance of an 

individual event corresponding to the listed species acute risk quotients. The analysis 

uses the Environmental Fate and Effects Division spreadsheet IECv1.1.xls. Slopes were 

not available for the acute toxicity studies, thus, a default slope assumption of 4.5 was 

used. Only freshwater, estuarine/marine, and benthic invertebrates were analyzed 

because these taxonomic groups yielded acute risk quotients above the LOC (0.05). The 

results of the probit-dose analyses are listed below in Table 50.

Table 50. Summary of Individual Effect Probabilities for Cyantraniliprole

Exposure at Scenarios that Produce RQs that Exceed the LOC

Taxa RQ 

Range Probit Slope Chance of Effect (1 in...) (range)

Freshwater Invertebrates EC50 = 20.4 μg ai/L 0.05-0.391 4.5 (default slope) 30 to 418,000,000

Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate EC50 = 520 μg 

ai/L

0.05-0.073 4.5 (default slope) 6,380,000 to 

418,000,000

Benthic invertebrates EC50 = 719 μg ai/L 0.05-0.051 4.5 (default slope) 332,000,000 to 
144

418,000,000 1

Based on RQ generated in Risk Description section using the parent-only approach.

(3). Spray Drift Analysis

To determine terrestrial habitats of concern from cyantraniliprole exposures through 

spray drift, it is necessary to estimate the distance that spray applications can drift from 

the treated area and still be present at concentrations that exceed levels of concern. 

Applications of cyantraniliprole granular formulations, seed treatments, soil 

injection/drench, and drip chemigation are expected to result in negligible drift. For 

spray applications, a quantitative analysis of spray drift distances was completed using 

AgDRIFT (v. 2.1.1) using default inputs for ground applications (i.e., high boom, ASAE 

droplet size distribution = Very Fine to Fine, 90th data percentile) and aerial applications 

(i.e., ASAE Very Fine to Fine). Only agricultural uses applied with ground boom or 

aerial spray equipment are modeled. Only organisms/scenarios that exceeded the acute 

risk to listed species LOCs are modeled. In addition to technical-grade cyantraniliprole, 

the typical end-use products with thiamethoxam are also modeled because they presented 

more sensitive toxicity values than their technical-grade counterparts. Further, definitive 

toxicity values were only available for typical end-use products for honeybees, thus only 

these are modeled here (Tables 51-53).

Table 51. Terrestrial Insect Buffers for Cyantraniliprole Calculated with AgDRIFT

Use

Single 

application 

rate (lb 

ai/A)

Fraction of Applied Buffer Distance (ft)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

only)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

and 

thiamethoxam)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

only)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

and 

thiamethoxam)

Diet Contact Diet Contact Diet Contact Diet Contact

Brassica leafy vegetables, 

leafy vegetables (aerial) 0.175 0.002 0.105 0.0001 0.011 >1000 285 >1000 >1000

Brassica leafy vegetables, 

leafy vegetables (ground) 0.175 0.002 0.105 0.0001 0.011 797 26 >1000 217

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables 

(aerial) 0.175 0.002 0.052 0.0001 0.005 >1000 699 >1000 >1000

Cucurbits, fruiting vegetables 

(ground) 0.175 0.002 0.052 0.0001 0.005 797 49 >1000 >1000

Brassica leafy vegetables, 

bushberries, leafy vegetables 

(except brassica), corm and 

tuberous vegetables, bulb 

vegetables, (aerial)

0.133 0.002 0.167 0.0001 0.005 >1000 161 >1000 >1000

Brassica leafy vegetables, 

bushberries, leafy vegetables 

(except brassica), corm and 

tuberous vegetables, bulb 

vegetables (ground)

0.133 0.002 0.167 0.0001 0.005 797 16 >1000 >1000

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome 

fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts 

(aerial)

0.133 0.002 0.138 N/A N/A >1000 207 N/A N/A

Citrus, cotton, oil seeds, pome 

fruit, stone fruit, tree nuts 

(ground)

0.133 0.002 0.138 N/A N/A 797 20 N/A N/A

Flowerbeds and groundcovers 0.208 0.002 0.089 N/A N/A 797 30 N/A N/A
145

Use

Single 

application 

rate (lb 

ai/A)

Fraction of Applied Buffer Distance (ft)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

only)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

and 

thiamethoxam)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

only)

TEP 

(cyantraniliprole 

and 

thiamethoxam)

Diet Contact Diet Contact Diet Contact Diet Contact

(ground)

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators (ground)

0.13 0.003 0.143 0.0001 0.015 607 20 >1000 164

Ornamental plants, fruit and 

nut trees (non-bearing) and 

forest seedlings grown in 

greenhouses, lath and shade 

houses, containers, field 

nurseries and interiorscapes, 

turf, golf courses, residential 

lawns, commercial grounds, 

parks, playgrounds, athletic 

fields, sod farms, grassy, 

weedy, mulched, or bare soil 

areas in and around 

greenhouses, nurseries, 

interior plantscapes, lath and 

shade houses, under trees and 

shrubs that are being grown 

in-ground

(ground)

0.26 0.002 0.070 0.0001 0.007 797 37 >1000 322

Ornamental plants (exterior 

landscapes and interior 

plantscapes), trees (including 

non-bearing fruit and nut 

trees), shrubs, evergreens, 

bedding plants, flowering 

plants, flowers, foliage plants, 

groundcovers, vines, interior 

plantscape plants, vegetable 

transplants (fruiting, leafy, 

tuberous, corm), public health 

insect control (ground)

0.42 0.002 0.043 N/A N/A 797 59 N/A N/A

N/A = not calculated because acute RQ did not exceed LOC

Table 52. Freshwater Invertebrate Buffers for Cyantraniliprole Calculated with 

AgDRIFT

Use

Single 

application 

Rate (lb ai/A)

Freshwater Invertebrate Buffer 

Distance (ft) cyantraniliprole-only

Freshwater Invertebrate Buffer 

Distance (ft) cyantraniliprole and 

thiamethoxam

Initial Average Concentration (ng ai/L) Initial Average Concentration (ng 

ai/L)

Acute

(10200)

Acute 

restricted 

(2040)

Acute 

listed 

(1020)

Acute 

(2800)

Acute 

restricted 

(560)

Acute 

listed 

(280)

Brassica leafy vegetable, 

cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, 

leafy vegetables, (aerial)

0.175 0 26 197 0 518 >1000

Brassica leafy vegetable, 

cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, 

leafy vegetables, (ground) 

0.175 0 0 0 0 3 23
146

Use

Single 

application 

Rate (lb ai/A)

Freshwater Invertebrate Buffer 

Distance (ft) cyantraniliprole-only

Freshwater Invertebrate Buffer 

Distance (ft) cyantraniliprole and 

thiamethoxam

Initial Average Concentration (ng ai/L) Initial Average Concentration (ng 

ai/L)

Acute

(10200)

Acute 

restricted 

(2040)

Acute 

listed 

(1020)

Acute 

(2800)

Acute 

restricted 

(560)

Acute 

listed 

(280)

Brassica leafy vegetables, 

bushberries, citrus, cotton, leafy 

vegetables (except brassica), oil 

seeds, pome fruit, corm and 

tuberous vegetables, stone fruit, 

tree nuts, bulb vegetables, 

(aerial)

0.133 0 0 115 0 335 >1000

Brassica leafy vegetables, 

bushberries, citrus, cotton, leafy 

vegetables (except brassica), oil 

seeds, pome fruit, corm and 

tuberous vegetables, stone fruit, 

tree nuts, bulb vegetables, 

(ground)

0.133 0 0 0 0 0 13

Flowerbeds and ground covers 

(ground) 0.208 0 0 0 0 7 33

Ornamentals treated by 

commercial and consumer 

applicators, turf, golf courses, 

residential lawns, commercial 

grounds, parks, playgrounds, 

athletic fields, sod farms 

(ground)

0.13 0 0 0 0 0 10

Ornamental plants (exterior 

landscapes and interior 

plantscapes), trees (including 

non-bearing fruit and nut trees), 

shrubs, evergreens, bedding 

plants, flowering plants, flowers, 

foliage plants, groundcovers, 

vines, interior plantscape plants, 

vegetable transplants (fruiting, 

leafy, tuberous, corm), public 

health insect control (ground)

0.42 0 0 7 0 33 115

Grassy, weedy, mulched, or bare 

soil areas in and around 

greenhouses, nurseries, interior 

plantscapes, lath and shade 

houses, under trees and shrubs 

that are being grown in-ground 

(ground)

0.233 0 0 0 0 7 43

Ornamental plants, fruit and nut 

trees (non-bearing) and forest 

seedlings grown in greenhouses, 

lath and shade houses, 

containers, field nurseries and 

interiorscapes, (ground)

0.26 0 0 0 0 10 52

TGAI – technical grade active ingredient

TEP – typical end-use product

Table 53. Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate Buffers for Cyantraniliprole Calculated 

with AgDRIFT
147

Use Single 

application 

Rate (lb 

ai/A)

Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate 

Buffer Distance (ft)

Initial Average Concentration (ng 

ai/L) 

Acute

(260000)

Acute 

restricted 

(52000)

Acute 

listed 

(26000)

Cotton (aerial) 0.133 0 0 0

Cotton (ground) 0.133 0 0 0

Cucurbits, fruiting 

vegetables, (aerial) 0.175 0 0 0

Cucurbits (ground) 0.175 0 0 0

For terrestrial insects, the AgDRIFT analysis indicates that buffers of 797 to >1000 ft 

would be necessary to lower risk quotients below the LOC, when applying typical enduse cyantraniliprole-only products. The cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam mixture would

require buffer in excess of 1000 ft for all uses. For freshwater invertebrate exposures, 

acute listed species buffers range from 0 to 197 ft (TGAI) and 0 to >1000 ft (TEP). The 

analysis clearly shows that, again, the cyantraniliprole-thiamethoxam mixture will require 

larger buffers than cyantraniliprole-only products. The limited number of uses that 

exceeded the LOC for estuarine/marine invertebrates indicated that buffers are not 

needed to protect these organisms from spray drift.

(4). Indirect Effects Analysis

The Agency acknowledges that pesticides have the potential to exert indirect effects upon 

listed organisms by, for example, perturbing forage or prey availability, altering the 

extent of nesting habitat, and creating gaps in the food chain. In conducting a screen for 

indirect effects, direct effect LOCs for each taxonomic group are used to make inferences 

concerning the potential for indirect effects upon listed species that rely upon non-listed 

organisms in these taxonomic groups as resources critical to their life cycle. 

The results of this screening-level risk assessment indicate that the proposed uses for 

cyantraniliprole have the potential for direct adverse effects to listed and non-listed 

mammals from chronic exposure, listed freshwater invertebrates from acute exposures,

listed estuarine/marine invertebrates from acute exposures, listed terrestrial insects from 

acute exposures, listed benthic invertebrates from acute exposures, and listed and nonlisted benthic invertebrates from chronic exposures. Given the absence of data, direct 

effects cannot be precluded for terrestrial monocots and estuarine/marine fish. This 

indicates a direct risk to these groups as well as indirect effects to all species that depend 

on aquatic invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, estuarine/marine 

fish, and/or mammals for food, habitat, or other environmental resources. Therefore, at 

this time, no federally-listed taxa can be excluded from the potential for direct and/or 

indirect effects from the proposed uses of cyantraniliprole (Table 54). Species-specific 

concerns for indirect effects to listed organisms will require a determination of the 

coincidence of cyantraniliprole use with locations of listed species and the biologically 

based resources upon which they depend.
148
149

Table 54. Listed Species Risks Associated with Potential Direct or Indirect Effects 

from the Proposed Applications of Cyantraniliprole

Listed Taxon Direct Effects Indirect Effects

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants 

- monocots Yes2 Yes1

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants 

- dicots No Yes1

Terrestrial invertebrates Yes Yes1

Birds No Yes1

Terrestrial-phase amphibians No Yes1

Reptiles No Yes1

Mammals Yes (chronic) Yes1

Aquatic plants No Yes1

Freshwater fish No Yes1

Aquatic-phase amphibians No Yes1

Freshwater invertebrates Yes (acute) Yes1

Benthic invertebrates Yes (acute and chronic) Yes1

Marine/estuarine fish Yes (chronic)2 Yes1

Marine/estuarine invertebrates Yes (acute) Yes1

1

The potential for adverse effects to those species that rely on plant and/or animal species (specifically 

aquatic invertebrates, or mammals) cannot be precluded. Indirect effects may include general habitat 

modification, host plant loss, and food supply disruption.

2

Risk assumed based on an absence of data.

(5). Critical Habitat

In the evaluation of pesticide effects on designated critical habitat, consideration is given 

to the physical and biological features (constituent elements) of a critical habitat 

identified by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife and National Marine Fisheries Services (the 

Services) as essential to the conservation of a listed species and which may require 

special management considerations or protection. The evaluation of effects for a 

screening-level pesticide risk assessment focuses on the biological features that are 
150

constituent elements and is accomplished using the screening-level taxonomic analysis 

(RQs) and levels of concern (LOCs) that are used to evaluate direct and indirect effects to 

listed organisms.

The screening-level risk assessment has identified potential concerns for indirect effects 

on listed species for those organisms dependent upon some animals (mammals, aquatic 

invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, estuarine/marine fish, and terrestrial invertebrates). In 

light of the potential for indirect effects, the next step for EPA and the Services is to 

identify which listed species and their designated critical habitat(s), if applicable, are 

potentially implicated. Analytically, the identification of such species and their critical 

habitat can occur by determining whether the action area overlaps designated critical 

habitat or the occupied range of any listed species. If so, EPA would examine whether 

the pesticide's potential effects on non-listed species would affect the listed species 

indirectly, or directly affect a constituent element of the critical habitats. At present, the 

information reviewed by EPA does not permit use of this analytical approach to make a 

definitive identification of species that are potentially affected indirectly or designated 

critical habitats that are potentially affected directly by the proposed uses of 

cyantraniliprole. 

This screening-level risk assessment for critical habitats provides a listing of potential 

biological features that, if they are constituent elements of one or more critical habitats, 

would be of potential concern. These correspond to the taxa identified above (i.e., 

mammals, terrestrial monocots, estuarine/marine fish, terrestrial invertebrates, and 

aquatic invertebrates) as being of potential concern for adverse effects. This should serve 

as an initial step in problem formulation for further assessment of designated critical 

habitat impacts outlined above, should additional work be necessary.

(6). Co-occurrence Analysis

The goal of the analysis for co-location is to determine whether sites of pesticide use are 

geographically associated with known locations of listed species. At the screening level, 

this analysis is accomplished using the LOCATES (version 2.2.4) database. The 

database uses location information for listed species at the county level and compares it 

to agricultural census data (from 2007) for crop production at the same county level of 

resolution. The product is a listing of federally-listed species that are located within 

counties known to produce the crops upon which the pesticide will be used. The current 

analysis is based on the following proposed crops: almonds, apples, apricots, artichokes, 

beets, bittermelon, blueberries, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, head 

cabbage, mustard cabbage, cantaloupe, canola, cassava, cauliflower, celery, cherries, 

chestnut, Christmas trees, citron, citrus, collards, cotton, crambe, cucumbers and pickles, 

currants, eggplant, endive and escarole, garlic, grapefruit, hazelnuts, honeydew melon, 

jojoba harvest, kale, kumquats, lemons, lemons and limes, lettuce, limes, macadamia 

nuts, muskmelons and pepinos, mustard greens, mustard seed, nectarines, nuts, okra, 

onions, oranges, orchards, peaches, pears, pecans, peppers, persimmons, pistachios, 

plums and prunes, pluots, potatoes, pumpkins, rapeseed, rhubarb, sesame, sod harvested, 

spinach, squash, sunflower seed, sweet potatoes, tangelos, tangerines, tomatoes, walnuts, 
151

watermelons, woodlands, and yams. For potential direct effects, only listed mammals, 

aquatic invertebrates, and terrestrial insects will be considered, since they were the only 

taxa for which direct risks were identified. For indirect effects, all other taxa will be 

considered since there is a potential for indirect effects to taxa that might rely on aquatic 

invertebrates, terrestrial invertebrates, terrestrial monocots, estuarine/marine fish, and/or 

mammals for some stage of their life-cycle. 

LOCATES identified a total of 1377 listed species that overlap at the county-level with 

areas where cyantraniliprole is proposed to be used (see Appendix I for a complete 

species list). This preliminary analysis indicates that there is a potential for 

cyantraniliprole use to overlap with listed species and that a more refined assessment is 

warranted. The more refined assessment should involve clear delineation of the action 

area associated with proposed uses of cyantraniliprole and best available information on 

the temporal and spatial co-location of listed species with respect to the action area. This 

analysis has not been conducted for this assessment.

V. UNCERTAINTIES

There were a number of ecological data gaps identified during the course of the 

assessment.

Estuarine/Marine Fish Early Life-Stage (850.1400): The current early life-stage study 

for estuarine/marine fish presents a non-definitive NOAEC (less than value). Without a 

definitive lower bound on cyantraniliprole’s toxicity, chronic risk concerns for 

estuarine/marine fish cannot be precluded.

Field Testing for Pollinators (850.3040): Multiple semi-field studies are available for 

cyantraniliprole; however, these tests were conducted up to 0.134 lb ai/A, whereas the 

maximum application rate for some uses is up to 0.69 lb ai/A. There is uncertainty 

regarding the effects to honeybee hive health and pollinator services at application rates 

above 0.134 lb ai/A.

Larval Honeybee Toxicity Test (Non-Guideline Study): Given that cyantraniliprole is 

highly toxic to adult honeybees, a larval toxicity test would provide information on the 

level of toxicity to larvae. Food type and consumption rates differ from adults and larvae 

could be more or less sensitive to the toxicity of cyantraniliprole and/or experience 

different exposure routes than adults. In the absence of this study, information from the 

semi-field studies was used to extrapolate the effects of cyantraniliprole on larvae.

Seedling Emergence Test (850.4100): Only a partial set of acceptable data were 

available for this test (corn, cucumber, oilseed rape, soybean, and sugar beet). Onion, the 

most sensitive monocot in the vegetative vigor test, was not tested. In the absence of a 

complete set of data, the results of the partial set were used, but there is uncertainty that 

the most sensitive monocot was tested.
152

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Submitted Studies

Ecotoxicity Studies:

48119994 – Chapleo, S., and G. Hobbs. The translocation of [14C]DPX-HGW86 into pollen 

and stamens of sunflower, canola, tomatoes and zucchini. Project number: 

DuPont/17705.

48120013 - Chapleo, S., and G. Hobbs. The translocation of [14C]DPX-HGW86 into pollen and 

stamens of Phacelia tanacetifolia. DuPont/26578.

48120090 - Kling, A. (2005); DPX-HGW86 technical: Acute oral and contact toxicity to the 

honeybee, Apis mellifera L. Project number: DuPont/17000, 20051145/01/BLEU, 

15854. Unpublished study prepared by GAB Biotechnologie Gmbh.

48120091 - Samel, A. (2006); DPX-HGW86 technical: 21-day chronic static-renewal toxicity 

test to Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/17002/OCR, 15854, 254. Unpublished 

study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. 

48120092 - Krueger, H.O., Thomas, S., Kendall, T.Z. (2007b); 14C-DPX-HGW86: A prolonged 

sediment toxicity test with Chironomus riparius using spiked sediment. Project number: 

DuPont/17463/OCR, 112A/195, 15985. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International, Ltd.
155

48120093 - Krueger, H.O., Thomas, S., Kendall, T.Z. (2007a); 14C-DPX-HGW86: A prolonged 

sediment toxicity test with Chironomus riparius using spiked water. Project number: 

DuPont/17464/OCR, 112A/196, 15985. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International, Ltd.

48120094 - Samel, A. (2006b); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test to 

Chironomus riparius. Project number: DuPont/17465/OCR, 15854, 1381. Unpublished 

study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120095 - Blankinship, A.S., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2006); DPX-HGW86: A 96-hour 

shell deposition test with the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Project number: 

DuPont/17466/OCR, 112A/198, 15978. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International, Ltd.

48120096 - Blankinship, A.S., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2006); DPX-HGW86 technical: A 

96-hour flow-through toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Americamysis bahia). 

Project number: DuPont/17467/OCR, 112A/199A, 15978. Unpublished study prepared 

by Wildlife International, Ltd.

48120098 - Samel, A. (2006b); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test to 

Gammarus pseudolimnaeus. Project number: DuPont/18433, 16255, 1384. Unpublished 

study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120099 - Samel, A. (2006b); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test to 

the mayfly, Centroptilium triangulifer. Project number: DuPont/18434/OCR, 16255, 

1487. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120101 - Samel, A. (2006a); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test to 

the aquatic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus. Project number: DuPont/18435, 16255, 

1492. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120102 - Samel, A. (2006a); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test to 

Hyalella azteca. Project number: DuPont/18436, 16255, 1380. Unpublished study 

prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120103 - Samel, A. (2006a); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test to 

Soyedina carolinensis. Project number: DuPont/18889, 16373, 1532. Unpublished 

study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120104 - Turner, J.T. (2006); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static-renewal, acute, 96-hour toxicity 

test to bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus. Project number: DuPont/19164, 16497, 

226. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120105 - Gallagher, S.P., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009b); Cyantraniliprole technical: A 

96-hour flow-through acute toxicity test with the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon 

variegatus). Project number: DuPont/19165, 112A/256. Unpublished study prepared by 

Wildlife International Ltd.

48120106 - Gallagher, S.P., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPXHGW86) technical: A 96-hour flow-through acute toxicity test with the channel catfish 

(Ictalurus punctatus). Project number: DuPont/19167, 112A/260 17718. Unpublished 

study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120107 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009b); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 

technical: A 72-hour toxicity test with the freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata). Project number: DuPont/19190, 112A/247, 17718. Unpublished study 

prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.
156

48120108 - Bouchelle, L.D. (2006); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 96-hour toxicity test 

with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Project number: DuPont/19191, 16497, 228. 

Unpublished study prepared by E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company.

48120109 - Samel, A. (2007); DPX-HGW86 technical: Early life-stage toxicity to rainbow trout, 

Oncorhynchus mykiss. Project number: DuPont/19192, 16948, 217. Unpublished study 

prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120110 - Gallagher, S.P., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPXHGW86) technical: An early life-stage toxicity test with the sheepshead minnow 

(Cyprinodon variegatus). Project number: DuPont/19193, 112A/275, 17718. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120113 - Muther-Paul, J. (2007); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD: Acute oral and contact toxicity 

to the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Project number: DuPont/19229, 

20061214/01/BLEU,WR/16513. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB 

GmbH. 

48120114 - Samel, A. (2006); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test with 

Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/20148, 16667, 241. Unpublished study 

prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120115 - Temple, D.L., Beavers, J.B., Jaber, M. (2008a); DPX-HGW86 technical: A 

reproduction study with the mallard. Project number: DuPont/20917, 112/586, 16888. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120116 - Temple, D.L., Beavers, J.B., Jaber, M. (2008b); DPX-HGW86 technical: A 

reproduction study with the northern bobwhite. Project number: DuPont/20918, 

112/585, 16888. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120117 - Samel, A. (2007); DPX-HGW86 technical: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test with 

Lepidostoma ontario. Project number: DuPont/20941, 16995, 1531. Unpublished study 

prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120120 - Yeom, D-H. (2008a); Static, acute 48-hour limit test of IN-J9Z38 to the cladoceran, 

Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/21321, KIT/EG07147, 17606. Unpublished 

study prepared by Korea Institute of Toxicology.

48120122 - Lührs, U. (2007a); IN-J9Z38: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida in 

artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/21324, 33141021, 17031. Unpublished study 

prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120121 - Gopi, R.A. (2008a); Static-renewal, acute 48 hour toxicity test of IN-JCZ38 to the 

cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/21322, 08161, 21322. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120123 - Lührs, U. (2007b); IN-JCZ38: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida in 

artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/21325, 33151021, 17032. Unpublished study 

prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120125 - Yeom, D-H. (2008b); Static, acute 48-hour limit test of IN-K5A77 to the cladoceran, 

Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/21392, KIT/EG07149, 17602. Unpublished 

study prepared by Korea Institute of Toxicology.

48120126 - Lührs, U. (2007c); IN-K5A77: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida in 

artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/21393, 33131021, 17029. Unpublished study 

prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.
157

48120127 - Hubbard, P.M., Martin, K.H., Beavers, J.B. (2008); DPX-HGW86 technical: A 

dietary LC50 study with the mallard. Project number: DuPont/21469, 112/613, 17619. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120128 - Hubbard, P.M., Martin, K.H., Beavers, J.B. (2008); DPX-HGW86 technical: A 

dietary LC50 study with the northern bobwhite. Project number: DuPont/21470, 

112/612, 17619. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120129 - Adelberger, I. (2008a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD: A laboratory 

test to evaluate the effects on the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acari, 

Phytoseiidae). Project number: DuPont/21471, S08/02309/L1/NLTP, 17617. 

Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120130 - Adelberger, I. (2008b); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD: A laboratory 

test to study the effects on the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera, 

Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/21472, S08/02310/L1/NLAP, 17617. 

Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120132 - Porch, J.R., Krueger, H.O. (2008); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD: Foliage residue 

toxicity study to the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. Project number: DuPont/21474. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120133 - Yeom, D-H. (2009a); IN-J9Z38: 21-day chronic static-renewal toxicity test to 

Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/21479, KIT/EG07148, 17606. Unpublished 

study prepared by Korea Institute of Toxicology.

48120135 - Mamet, O. (2008a); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD: A semi field study to evaluate 

effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera mellifera; Hymenoptera, Apidae) on wheat 

treated with artificial honeydew in France 2008. Project number: DuPont/21705, 

127/2008. Unpublished study prepared by Testapi.

48120136 - Mamet, O. (2008b); DPX-HGW86 100 G/L OD: A semi field study to evaluate 

effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera, Apidae) on phacelia in France 

2008. Project number: DuPont/21706, 128/2008. Unpublished study prepared by 

Testapi.

48120137 - Jeyalakshmi, T. (2008); DPX-HGW86 200 g/L SC: Acute oral and contact toxicity 

to the honeybee, Apis mellifera L. Project number: DuPont/21860, 08029, 17616. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120138 - Kleinhenz, M. (2009); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD: A semi-field study to evaluate 

effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica; Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Phacelia 

tanacetifolia in Germany 2008. Project number: DuPont/21984, S08/01287. 

Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120141 - Dutt, M.S. (2008a); IN-K5A78: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in 

artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/24236, 07369, 17611. Unpublished study 

prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120142 - Gopi, R.A. (2008c); Static-renewal, acute 48 hour limit test of IN-K5A78 to the 

cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/24237, 07368, 17611. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120144 - Shanmugasundaram, R. (2008b); IN-JSE76: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, 

Eisenia fetida in artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/24239, 07367, 17562. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.
158

48120145 - Chittibabu, R.A. (2008a); Static, acute 48-hour toxicity of IN-JSE76 to the 

cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/24240, 07366, 17562. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120149 - Shanmugasundaram, R. (2008a); IN-PLT97: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, 

Eisenia fetida in artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/24244, 07365, 17599. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120150 - Dutt, M.S. (2008b); IN-K5A79: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, Eisenia fetida in 

artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/24245, 07371, 17614. Unpublished study 

prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120151 - Chittibabu, R.A. (2008b); Static-renewal, acute 48 hour toxicity test of IN-PLT97 to 

the cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/24246, 07364, 17599. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120152 - Gopi, R.A. (2008b); Static, acute 48 hour toxicity test of IN-K5A79 to the 

cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/24247, 07370, 17614. 

Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120153 - Hubbard, P.M., Beavers, J.B. (2008); DPX-HGW86 technical: An acute oral 

toxicity study with the northern bobwhite. Project number: DuPont/24248, 112/614, 

17169. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120154 - Adelberger, I. (2008b); DPX-HGW86 200 g/L SC: A laboratory rate response test to 

evaluate the effects on the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acari, Phytoseiidae). 

Project number: DuPont/24249, S08/01342/L1/NLTP, 17616. Unpublished study 

prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120155 - Adelberger, I. (2008a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 200 g/L SC: A laboratory 

rate response test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/24250, S08/01341/L1/NLAP, 

17616. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120157 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009d); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 

technical: A 96-hour toxicity test with the freshwater, diatom, Navicula pelliculosa. 

Project number: DuPont/24877, 112a/245, 17718. Unpublished study prepared by 

Wildlife International Ltd.

48120158 - Lührs, U. (2008); DPX-HGW86 technical: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, Eisenia 

fetida in artificial soil with 5% peat. DuPont/24880, 42041021, WR/17718. Unpublished 

study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120159 - Moll, M. (2009b); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD: An extended 

laboratory rate response test to study the effects on the green lacewing, Chrysoperla 

carnea Steph. (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera). Project number: DuPont/25525, 47422047, 

17617. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120160 - Moll, M. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD: An extended 

laboratory rate response test to study the effects on the lady bird beetle, Coccinella 

septempunctata (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Project number: DuPont/25526, 47423012, 

17617. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120161 - Moll, M. (2009b); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD: An extended 

laboratory rate response test to study the effects on the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/25528, 47421002, 17617. 
159

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120162 - Adelberger, I. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE: A laboratory 

rate response test to evaluate the effects on the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acari, 

Phytoseiidae). Project number: DuPont/25993, S08/02392/NLTP, 17883. Unpublished 

study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120163 - Adelberger, I. (2009); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L SE: A laboratory rate response test to 

evaluate the effects on the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). 

Project number: DuPont/25994, S08/02393/L1/NLAP, 17883. Unpublished study 

prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120164 - Kling, A. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE: Acute oral and 

contact toxicity to the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Project number: DuPont/25995, 

S08/02394, 17883. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins.

48120165 - Bruhnke, C. (2010); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 200 g/L SC: An extended 

laboratory test to study the effects on the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera, 

Staphylinidae). Project number: DuPont/26172, IKE12670, 17616. Unpublished study 

prepared by Dr. U. Noack-Laboratorien.

48120166 - Bruhnke, C. (2010); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 200 g/L SC: Extended 

laboratory test (dose-response-test) on Pardosa spp. (Araneae, Lycosidae). Project 

number: DuPont/26173, IPE13423, 17616. Unpublished study prepared by Dr. U. 

Noack-Laboratorien.

48120167 - Lührs, U. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) technical: Effects on 

reproduction and growth of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. 

Project number: DuPont/26883, 42044022, WR/17718. Unpublished study prepared by 

Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120168 - Moll, M. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE + Codacide oil: An 

extended laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/26915, 47431002, 17883. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120169 - Moll, M. (2009c); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE: An extended 

laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: 

Chrysopidae). Project number: DuPont/26927, 47432047, 17883. Unpublished study 

prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120170 - Moll, M. (2009d); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE: An extended 

laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata 

(Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Project number: DuPont/26928, 47433012, 17883. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120171 - Hubbard, P.M., Beavers, J.B. (2009); Cyantraniliprole technical: An acute oral 

toxicity study with the Zebra finch (Poephila guttata). Project number: DuPont/27316, 

112/636, 18218. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120173 - Porch, J.R., Martin, K.H. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD: A 

greenhouse study to investigate the effects on vegetative vigor of ten terrestrial plants 

following foliar exposure. Project number: DuPont/21475, 112/618,17617. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.
160

48120176 - Lührs, U. (2009g); IN-J9Z38: Effects on reproduction and growth of the earthworm, 

Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/27347, 48321022, 

18139. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120177 - Lührs, U. (2009h); IN-PLT97: Effects on reproduction and growth of the 

earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: 

DuPont/27348, 48291022, 17599. Unpublished study prepared by Institute fuer 

Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120178 - Lührs, U. (2009f); IN-K5A79: Effects on reproduction and growth of the 

earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: 

DuPont/27349, 48341022, 17614. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer 

Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120179 - Lührs, U. (2009e); IN-K5A78: Effects on reproduction and growth of the 

earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: 

DuPont/27350, 48331022, 18142. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer 

Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120180 - Lührs, U. (2009d); IN-JCZ38: Effects on reproduction and growth of the 

earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: 

DuPont/27351, 48312022, 18143. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer 

Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120181 - Lührs, U. (2009c); IN-JSE76: Effects on reproduction and growth of the earthworm, 

Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/27352, 48281022, 

WR/17562. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48120182 - Lührs, U. (2009b); IN-K5A77: Effects on reproduction and growth of the 

earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: 

DuPont/27353, 48301022, WR/18141. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer 

Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120183 - Lührs, U. (2009c); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) technical: Effects on 

reproduction of the predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. 

Project number: DuPont/27445, 49151089, 18218. Unpublished study prepared by 

Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120184 - Kling, A. (2009d); IN-HGW87: Acute oral toxicity to the honey bee, Apis mellifera 

L. Project number: DuPont/27448, S09/00176, 18219. Unpublished study prepared by 

Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120185 - Kling, A. (2009c); IN-J9Z38: Acute oral toxicity to the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. 

Project number: DuPont/27449, S09/00177, 17606. Unpublished study prepared by 

Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120186 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z. (2010b); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + 

Codacide oil: A greenhouse study to investigate the effects on vegetative vigor of ten

terresterial plants following foliar exposure. Project number: DuPont/29050, 112/655, 

18509. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120188 - Moll, M. (2009e); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + Codacide oil: An 

extended laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae) - aged residue test. Project number: DuPont/27694, 
161

50071003, 18315. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48120189 - Müther-Paul, J. (2010a); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L SE plus Codacide oil: A field study 

to evaluate effects on predatory mites (acari: phytoseiidae) in apple orchards in Germany, 

2009. Project Number: DuPont/27849, S09/02129/01. Unpublished study prepared by 

Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120190 - Müther-Paul, J. (2010b); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L SE plus Codacide oil: A field study 

to evaluate effects on predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in grape vineyards in Italy, 

2009. Project number: DuPont/27850, S09/02128/01. Unpublished study prepared by 

Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120191 - Höhn, P. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE plus Codacide oil: 

An extended laboratory test with field-aged spray deposits to study the effects on the 

green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea steph. (neuroptera, chrysopidae). Project number: 

DuPont/27851, S09/02357, 18383. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB 

GmbH.

48120192 - Höhn, P. (2009b); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE plus Codacide oil: 

An extended laboratory test with field-aged spray deposits to study the effects on the 

ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). Project 

number: DuPont/27852, S09/02358, 18383. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins –

GAB GmbH.

48120193 - Höhn, P. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE plus Codacide oil: 

An extended laboratory test with field-aged spray deposits to study the effects on the 

aphid parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi de Stefani Perez (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). 

Project number: DuPont/27934, S09/00982/L1/NEAP, 18383. Unpublished study 

prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48120194 - Lührs, U. (2010j); IN-K5A77: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/27975, 48304016, 18141. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120195 - Lührs, U. (2010c); IN-PLT97: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/27976, 48293016, 17599. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48120196 - Lührs, U. (2009d); IN-PLT97: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/27978, 

48292089, 17599. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48120197 - Lührs, U. (2010i); IN-K5A77: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/27979, 

48303089, 18141. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48120198 - Moll, M. (2009e); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + Codacide oil: An 

extended laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea 

(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) - aged residue test. Project number: DuPont/28013, 

50073048, 18315. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.
162

48120199 - Moll, M. (2010f); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + Codacide oil: An 

extended laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the ladybird beetle, Coccinella 

septempunctata (coleoptera, coccinellidae) - aged residue test. Project number: 

DuPont/28014, 50074013, 18315. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer 

Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120216 - Lührs, U. (2010); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD plus Codacide oili: 

Effects on reproduction and growth of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 

5% peat. Project number: DuPont/29052, 50076022. Unpublished study prepared by 

Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48120217 - Samel, A. (2006); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test to 

Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/19853. Unpublished study prepared by 

Dupont Haskell Laboratory.

48120218 - Acute oral toxicity of the preparation to the more sensitive of the species identified 

in tests with the active substance. Project number: DuPont/24484, 112/637. 

Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd.

48120219 - Dutt, M.S. (2008); DPX-HGW86 100 G/L OD: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, 

Eisenia fetida in artificial soil. Project number: DuPont/24879, 08115. Unpublished 

study prepared by International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48120220 - Minderhout, T., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPXHGW86) 100 g/L OD: A 96-hour static acute toxicity test with the bluegill (Lepomis 

macrochirus). Project number: DuPont/26581, 112A/277. Unpublished study prepared 

by Wildlife International, Ltd.

48120221 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW96) 

100 g/L OD: A 72-hour toxicity test with the freshwater alga, Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata. Project number: DuPont/26715, 112A/272A. Unpublished study prepared 

by Wildlife International, Ltd.

48120242 - Samel, A. (2010); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD plus Codacide, oil: 

Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test with the cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: 

DuPont/29051, 18509, 241. Unpublished study prepared by Dupont Haskell Laboratory 

and Critical Path Services, LLC.

48120305 - Hubbard, P.M., Beavers, J.B. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 200 g/L SC: 

An acute oral toxicity study with the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Project 

number: DuPont/26580, 112/653. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International 

Ltd.

48120319 - Samel, A. (2011); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 200 g/L SC: Static, acute, 48-

hour toxicity test with the cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: 21478, 

09/CPS/001. Unpublished study prepared by Dupont Haskell Laboratory.

48120321 - Minderhout, T., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPXHGW86) 200 g/L SC: A 96-hour static acute toxicity test with the bluegill (Lepomis 

macrochirus). Project number: DuPont/26582, 112A/276A. Unpublished study 

prepared by Wildlife International Ltd.

48120322 - Lührs, U. (2008); DPX-HGW86 200 g/L SC: Acute toxicity to the earthworm, 

Eisenia fetida in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/26583, 45161021. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.
163

48120323 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 

200 g/L SC: A 72-hour toxicity test with the freshwater alga, Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata. Project number: 26716, 112A/271. Unpublished study prepared by 

Wildlife International Ltd.

48120415 - Samel, A. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE: Static, acute, 48-

hour toxicity test to cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/26737/OCR, 

17883, 241. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48120416 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2010); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 

100 g/L SE: A 72-hour toxicity test with the freshwater alga (Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata). Project number: DuPont/27933/OCR, 112A/310, 18383. Unpublished 

study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd.

48122501 - Moll, M. (2009c); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + Codacide oil: A 

semi-field test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi 

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/28127, 50072004, 18315. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122504 - Lührs, U. (2009f); IN-JCZ38: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28198, 

48311089, 18143. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48122505 - Lührs, U. (2010a); IN-JCZ38: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28199, 48313016, 18143. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122506 - Lührs, U. (2009b); IN-K5A79: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28202, 

48343089, 17614. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48122507 - Lührs, U. (2010e); IN-K5A78: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28203, 

48332089, 18142. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48122508 - Lührs, U. (2010g); IN-K5A79: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28204, 48344016, 17614. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122509 - Lührs, U. (2010b); IN-K5A78: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28205, 48333016, 18142. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122510 - Lührs, U. (2010d); IN-JSE76: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28206, 

48282089, 17562. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48122511 - Lührs, U. (2009e); IN-J9Z38: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28207, 
164

48322089, 18139. Unpublished study preparedy by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik 

und Consulting IBACON.

48122512 - Lührs, U. (2009a); IN-J9Z38: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28208, 48323016, 18139. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122513 - Lührs, U. (2010f); IN-JSE76: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/28209, 48283016, 17562. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122514 - Valentina, J. (2009); IN-K5A78: Acute oral toxicity to the honey bee, Apis mellifera 

L. Project number: DuPont/28264, 09115, 18388. Unpublished study prepared by 

International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology.

48122515 - Samel, A. (2009); IN-NXX70: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test with the 

cladoceran, Daphia magna. Project number: DuPont/28367, 18387, 241. Unpublished 

study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48122516 - Moll, M. (2010a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + Codacide oil: An 

extended laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/28801, 50075002, 18509. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122517 - Moll, M. (2009d); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE + Codacide oil: An 

extended laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/28802, 51971002, 18383. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122518 - Kling, A. (2009e); IN-HGW87: Acute effects to the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. at 

low dose levels. Project number: DuPont/29021, S09/02702, 18652. Unpublished study 

prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122519 - Moll, M. (2010b); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + Codacide oil: A 

laboratory test to evaluate the effects on the mummies of the parasitoid, Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/29294, 50077002, 

18749. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122520 - Witte, B. (2010); IN-QKV54: Effects on reproduction and growth of the earthworm, 

Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/29960, 

56102022, 18951. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48122521 - Fournier, A.E. (2010); IN-RNU71: 48-hour static, acute toxicity with cladoceran 

Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/30091, 97/6519, 19029. Unpublished study 

prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories.

48122522 - Jeyalakshmi, T. (2010); IN-RNU71: Effects on reproduction and growth of the 

earthworm, Eisenia fetida, in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: 

DuPont/30092, 10249, 19029. Unpublished study prepared by International Institute of 

Biotechnology and Toxicology.
165

48122523 - Ferrell, B.D. (2010); IN-QKV54: Static, acute, 48-hour toxicity test with the 

cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Project number: DuPont/29560, 18951, 241. Unpublished 

study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.

48122530 - Lührs, U. (2010h); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) technical: Effects on the 

collembola Folsomia candida in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: 

DuPont/27444, 49152016, 18218. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer 

Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON.

48122539 - Barth, M. (2010); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD plus Codacide oil: 

A study to evaluate effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.; Hymenoptera, Apidae) 

under semi-field conditions applied after daily bee-flight in Phacelia tanacetifolia L. with 

additional assessments on colony and brood development. Project number: 

DuPont/27853, 09/10/48/016/B, DuPont/27853/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by 

Biochem Agrar, Labor fuer Biologische und Chemische.

48122541 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 

technical: A 96-hour toxicity test with the freshwater alga (Anabaena flos-aquae). 

Project number: DuPont/24876, 112°/244, 17718. Unpublished study prepared by 

Wildlife International, Ltd.

48122542 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009c); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 

technical: A 96-hour toxicity test with the marine diatom (Skeletonema costatum). 

Project number: DuPont/24878, 112A/246, 17718. Unpublished study prepared by 

Wildlife International, Ltd.

48122543 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z., Krueger, H.O. (2009); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 

technical: A 7-day static-renewal toxicity test with duckweed (Lemna gibba G3). Project 

number: DuPont/21477, 112A/248, 17718. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife 

International, Ltd.

48122545 - Kleinhenz, M. (2011c); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD: A semi-field study to determine 

residues in nectar and pollen from foraging honey bees (Apis mellifera carnica; 

Hymenoptera, Apidae), residues in fresh nectar, pollen and wax from combs and residues 

in plants and flowers after exposure of the honey bees to treated Phacelia tanacetifolia in 

Germany in 2008. Project number: DuPont/21481, S08/01316, DuPont/21481/OCR. 

Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122546 - Kleinhenz, M. (2010b); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD plus Codacide oil and DPXHGW86 100 g/L SE plus Codacide oil: A semi-field study to evaluate effects on the 

honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica; Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Brassica napus in Southern 

Germany (Niefern) 2009. Project number: DuPont/21317, S09/00713, 

DuPont/21317/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122547 - Report: Kleinhenz, M., (2010a); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD plus codacide oil and 

DPX-HGW86 100 g/L SE plus codacide oil: A semi-field study to evaluate effects on the 

honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica; Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Brassica napus in southern 

Germany (Tübingen) 2009. Project number: DuPont/21318, S09/00714, 

DuPont/21318/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122548 - Bocksch, S. (2011o); DPX-HGW86 200SC: A semi-field study to determine 

residues in nectar and pollen from foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera, 

Apidae), residues in fresh honey, pollen and wax combs after exposure of the honeybees 

to drip-irrigated melon in Spain 2009. Project number: DuPont/27903, S09/00364, 

DuPont/27903/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.
166

48122551 - Kleinhenz, M. (2011h); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD plus Codacide oil: A study to 

evaluate effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in the field in Brassica napus 

L. following application after and during bee-flight in northern Germany (Celle) in 2009. 

Project number: DuPont/27323, S08/03367, DuPont/27323/OCR. Unpublished study 

prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122552 - Kleinhenz, M. (2011d); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD plus Codacide oil: A study to 

evaluate effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in the field in Brassica napus 

L. following application after and during bee-flight in southern Germany (Tubingen) in 

2009. Project number: DuPont/27324, S08/03368, DuPont/27324/OCR. Unpublished 

study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122553 - Kleinhenz, M. (2011j); DPX-HGW86 100 g/L OD plus Codacide oil: A study to 

evaluate effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in the field in Brassica napus 

L. following application after and during bee-flight in northern Germany (Stade) in 2009. 

Project number: DuPont/27326, S09/00344, DuPont/27326/OCR. Unpublished study 

prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122557/48688804 - Kleinhenz, M. (2011i); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD: A 

study to evaluate effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in the field in Brassica 

napus L. following application after and during bee-flight in southern Germany 

(Tübingen) in 2010 and 2011. Project number: DuPont/29572/IM, S10/01019, 

DuPont/29572/IM/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122558/48688805 - Kleinhenz, M. (2011k); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD plus 

Codacide oil: A study to evaluate effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) in the 

field in Brassica napus L. following application after and during bee-flight in northern 

France (Alsace) in 2010 and 2011. Project number: DuPont/29571/IM, S10/01018, 

DuPont/29571/IM/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48122573 - Lührs, U. (2010k); IN-QKV54: Effects on the collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/29990, 56103016, 18951. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON. 

48122574 - Lührs, U. (2010L); IN-RNU71: Effects on the Collembola Folsomia candida in 

artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/30093, 57551016, 19029. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48122575 - Porch, J.R., Kendall, T.Z. (2010a); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + 

Codacide oil: A greenhouse study to investigate the effects on seedling emergence and 

growth of ten terrestrial plants following soil exposure. Project number: DuPont/29049, 

112/654, 18509. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International, Ltd.

48208411 - Moll, M. (2010c); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD + Codacide oil or 

without Codacide oil: A semi-field test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid, Aphidius 

rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/29957, 55471004, 

18978. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48208412 - Moll, M. (2010d); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE + Codacide oil: A 

semi-field test to evaluate the effects on the parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi 

(Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/29958, 55461004, 18979. 
167

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48208413 - Schmitzer, S. (2011); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 200 g/L SC: An extended 

laboratory study to evaluate the effects on the staphylinid beetle, Aleochara bilineata 

Gyll. Aged residue test. Project number: DuPont/29908, 56121072, 18970. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48208414 - Lührs, U. (2010o); IN-RNU71: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/31374, 

57553089, 19029. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48208415 - Lührs, U. (2010n); IN-QKV54: Effects on reproduction of the predatory mite 

Hypoaspis aculeifer in artificial soil with 5% peat. Project number: DuPont/31375, 

61481089, 19254. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48208428 - Portillo, H.E., Annan, B., Groya, F., Daly, R., Predoni, D. (2010); Biological activity 

of cyantraniliprole and related metabolites on selected insect species under laboratory 

conditions. Project number: DuPont/30351. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont 

de Nemours and Company.

48208451 - Liepold, K. (2010); Cyantraniliprole technical: Soil microarthropod monitoring on 

plots of a litter bag study. Project number: DuPont/29708, S09/03358, 

S09/03358/01/NFBO. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48208453 - Liepold, K. (2011); Field study to evaluate the effects of cyantraniliprole on 

collembola in Germany in 2010. Project number: DuPont/29454/IM, S10/01618, 

DuPont/29454/IM/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH.

48432413 - Kuhl R, Wydra V (2010), Cyantraniprole WG (A16971B) - Acute Toxicity to 

rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a 96-hour Static Test. Report Number 55824230, 

Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, 

64380 Rossdorf, Germany.

48432414 - Kuhl H, Wydra V (2010). Cyantraniliprole WG (A16971B) – Acute Toxicity to 

Daphnia magna in a Static 48-hour Immobilisation Test. Report number 55823220, 

Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, 

64380 Rossdorf, Germany.

48432415 - Kuhl R., Wydra V., (2010), Cyantraniliprole WG (A16971B) - Toxicity to 

Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an Algal Growth Inhibition Test, Report Number 

55822210, Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON GmbH, Arheilger 

Weg 17, 64380 Rossdorf, Germany.

48432416 - Sekine T, (2010); Cyantraniliprole WG (A16971B) – Acute Oral and Contact 

Toxicity on Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.). Project number: TK0005927, 55821035. 

Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und Consulting 

IBACON.

48432417 - Stevens J., (2010), Cyantraniliprole WG (A16971B) – A rate-response extended 

laboratory bioassay of the effects of fresh residues on the parasitic wasp Aphidius 

rhopalosiph (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Report Number SYN-10-12. Mambo-Tox Ltd., 

2 Venture Road, Chilworth Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NP, United Kingdom.
168

48432418 - Fallowfield L, (2010), SYN545377 WG (A16971B) – A rate-response extended 

laboratory bioassay of the effects of fresh residues on the predatory mite, Typhlodromus 

pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Report Number SYN-10-11. Mambo-Tox Ltd. 2 Venture 

Road, Chilworth Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NP, United Kingdom

48432419 - Stevens J. (2009). Cyantraniliprole WG (A16971B) – A semi-field bioassay of the 

effects of fresh residues on the parasitic wasp Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera, 

Braconidae). Report Number SYN-09-22, Mambo-Tox Ltd., Chilworth Science Park, 

Southampton SO16 7NP, UK.

48432420 - Friedrich S, (2010), Cyantraniliprole WG, (A16971B) - Acute toxicity to the 

earthworm Eisenia fetida, Report Number 10 10 48 024 S. BioChem agrar Labor für 

biologische und chemische Analytik GmbH Kupferstraße 6 04827 Gerichshain, 

Germany.

48432527 - Kuhl R., Wydra V., (2010a), Cyantraniliprole/thiamethoxam WG (A16901B) -

Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a 96-hour Static Limit-Test, 

Report Number 55834230, Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON 

GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, 64380 Rossdorf, Germany.

48432528 - Kuhl H, Wydra V (2010c). Cyantraniliprole/thiamethoxam WG (A16901B) – Acute 

Toxicity to Daphnia magna in a Static 48-hour Immobilisation Test. Report number 

55833220, Institut für Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON GmbH, Arheilger 

Weg 17, 64380 Rossdorf, Germany.

48432529 - Kuhl, R and Wydra, V (2010d), Cyantraniliprole/thiamethoxam WG (A16901B) -

Toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in an Algal Growth Inhibition Test, Report 

Number 55832210. Insitut fùr Biologische Analytik und Consulting IBACON GmbH, 

Arheilger Weg 17, D-64380 Rossdorf, Germany.

48432530 - Sekine T, (2010); Cyantraniliprole/thiamethoxam WG (A16901B) – Acute Oral and 

Contact Toxicity on Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.). Project number: TK0005990, 

55831035. Unpublished study prepared by Institut fuer Biologische Analytik und 

Consulting IBACON.

48432531 - Friedrich S, (2010), Cyantraniliprole/Thiamethoxam WG (A16901B) - Acute 

toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida, Report Number 10 10 48 025 S. BioChem agrar 

Labor für biologische und chemische Analytik GmbH Kupferstraße 6 04827 Gerichshain, 

Germany.

48663805 - Höhn, P. (2011); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L SE plus Codacide oil: 

An extended laboratory test with fresh-dried and semi-field-aged spray deposits to study 

the effects on the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius rhopalosiphi de Stefani Perez (Hymenoptera, 

Braconidae). Project number: DuPont/32636.

48688806/48832204 - Bocksch, S. (2011); Cyantraniliprole (DPX-HGW86) 100 g/L OD plus 

codacide oil: A study to evaluate effects on the honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the field in 

Melon in Spain in 2011. Project number: DuPont/31672/IM, S11/01982, 

DuPont/31672/IM/OCR. Unpublished study prepared by Eurofins – GAB GmbH. 

Environmental Fate and Transport Studies:

48122593 - Peterson, B.(2007) DPX-HGW86: Laboratory Study of Vapor Pressure. Project 

Number: DUPONT 17052. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Stine-Haskell 

Research Center Newark, Delaware 19714-0030, USA

48120088 - McCorquodale, G.; Burns, L. (2010) [Carbon14]-IN-RNU71 a Metabolite of 

[Carbon14]-DPX-HGW86: Batch Equilibrium Adsorption/Desorption in Five Soils. 
169

Project Number: DUPONT/29989/0CR, 809385.Unpublished study prepared by Charles 

River Laboratories. 71 p.

48120087 - McCorquodale, G. (2010) Rate of Degradation [Carbon 14]-IN-RNU71 in Five 

Aerobic Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/29809/0CR, 809343. Unpublished study 

prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 124 p.

48120086 - Wardrope, L. (201 0) [Carbon 14]-IN-QKV54 aMetabolite of [Carbon 14]-DPX 

HGW86: Batch Equalibrium Adsorption/Desorption in Five Soils. Project Number: 

DUPONT/29558/0CR, 809359. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River 

Laboratories. 70 p.

48120083 - Wardrope, L. (2010) Rate of Degradation [Carbon 14]-IN-QKV54 in Five Aerobic 

Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/29555/0CR, 809317. Unpublished study prepared by 

Charles River Laboratories. 130 p.

48120082 - Wardrope, L. (201 0) Photodegradation of [Carbon 14]-DPX-HGW86 on Moist Soil. 

Project Number: DUPONT/28730/0CR, 809081. Unpublished study prepared by Charles 

River Laboratories. 138 p.

48120081 - McCorquodale, G. (201 0) Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism of [Carbon 14]-DPXHGW86 in a Water/Sediment System. Project Number: DUPONT/28191/0CR, 809123. 

Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 104 p.

48120075 - Wardrope, L.; McCorquodale, G. (2007) [Carbon 14]-IN-PLT97 (a Metabolite of 

[Carbon 14]-DPX-HGW86): Batch Equilibrium (Adsorption/Desorption) in Five Soils. 

Project Number: DUPONT/19078/0CR, 807393. Unpublished study prepared by Charles 

River Laboratories. 69 p.

48120074 - Malekani, K. (2008) Rate of Degradation of [Carbon 14]-IN-PL T97 in Five Aerobic 

Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/19077/0CR. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont 

Crop Protection. 93 p.

48120073 - McCorquodale, G. (2007) [Carbon 14]-DPX-HGW86: Batch Equilibrium 

Adsorption/Desorption) in Five Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/18871/0CR, 807147.

Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 66 p.

48120072 - Pils, J. (201 0) Adsorption-Desorption of [Carbon 14]-IN-K5A79 in Five Soils by 

Batch Equilibrium. Project Number: DUPONT/18870/0CR. Unpublished study prepared 

by DuPont Crop Protection. 61 p.

48120071 - Pedersen, C. (201 0) Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism of (Carbon 14)-DPX-HGW86 

in a Water-Sediment System. Project Number: DUPONT/18869/0CR. Unpublished study

prepared by DuPont Crop Protection. 99 p.

48120070 - Pedersen, C. (2008) Rate of Degradation of [Carbon 14]-IN-K5A79 in Five Aerobic 

Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/18868/0CR. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont 

Crop Protection. 104 p.

48120069 - Wardrope, L. (2006) [Carbon 14]-IN-K5A77 (a Metabolite of [Carbon 14]-DPXHGW86): Batch Equilibrium (Adsorption/Desorption) in Five Soils. Project Number: 

DUPONT/17607/0CR, 807016. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River 

Laboratories. 74 p.

48120068 - McCorquodale, G. (2010) IN-K5A78 (a Metabolite of DPX-HGW86): Batch 

Equilibrium (Adsorption/Desorption) in Five Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17606, 

806908/0CR. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 69 p.
170

48120067 - Morriss, A. (2007) IN-JSE76 (a Metabolite of DPX-HGW86): Batch Equilibrium 

(Adsorption/Desorption) in Five Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17605/0CR, 806955. 

Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 68 p.

48120066 - Wardrope, L. (2006) [Carbon 14]-IN-JCZ38 (a Metabolite of [Carbon 14]-DPXHGW86): Batch Equilibrium (Adsorption/Desorption) in Five Soils. Project Number: 

DuPonU17604, 807021/0CR. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 

74 p.

48120065 - McCorquodale, G. (2007) [Carbon 14]-IN-J9Z38 (a Metabolite of DPX-HGW86): 

Batch Equilibrium (Adsorption/Desorption) in Five Soils. Project Number: 

DUPONT/17603/0CR, 806997. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River 

Laboratories. 64 p.

48120064 - Morriss, A. (2006) Rate of Degradation of [Carbon 14]-IN-K5A77 in Five Aerobic 

Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17602/0CR, 806583. Unpublished study prepared by

Charles River Laboratories. 118 p.

48120063 - McCorquodale, G.; Wardrope, L. (2007) Rate of Degradation of [Carbon 14]-INK5A78 in Five Aerobic Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17599/0CR, 806714. 

Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 110 p.

48120062 - McCorquodale, G.; Wardrope, L. (2007) Rate of Degradation of [Carbon 14]-INJSE76 in Five Aerobic Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17598/0CR, 806981. 

Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 124 p.

48120061 - Wardrope, L. (2007) Rate of Degradation of [Carbon 14]-IN-JCZ38 in Five Aerobic 

Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17597/0CR, 807000. Unpublished study prepared by

Charles River Laboratories. 132 p.

48120060 - McCorquodale, G. (2006) Rate of Degradation of [Carbon 14]-IN-J9Z38 in Five 

Aerobic Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17596/0CR, 806541. Unpublished study 

prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 111 p.

48120058 - Thiel, A. (201 0) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of DPX-HGW86 on Bare Soil in 

Texas, USA. Project Number: 7457/REVISION/N0/1, 50057/0CR. Unpublished study 

prepared by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 223 p.

48120057 - Thiel, A. (201 0) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of DPX-HGW86 on Bare Soil in 

Manitoba, Canada. Project Number: DuPonU17068, 50055/0CR. Unpublished study 

prepared by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 203 p.

48120056 - Sharma, A.; Rice, F.; Gant, A. (2009) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of DPX-HGW86 

Insecticide on Bare Soil and in the Presence of an Alfalfa Crop in Missouri, USA. Project

Number: DuPonU17067, 50054/0CR. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Laboratories, 

Inc. 361 p.

48120055 - Sharma, A.; Rice, F.; Gant, A. (2008) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of DPX-HGW86 

Insecticide on Bare Soil and in the Presence of a Leafy Vegetable Crop in California, 

USA. Project Number: DUPONT/17066/0CR; 50053. Unpublished study prepared by 

ABC Laboratories, Inc. 407 p.

48120054 - Sharma, A.; Rice, F.; Gant, A. (2009) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of DPX-HGW86 

Insecticide on Bare Soil and in the Presence of a Potato Crop in Washington, USA. 

Project Number: 7065/REVISION/N0/1, 50058/0CR. Unpublished study prepared by 

ABC Laboratories, Inc. 349 p.
171

48120053 - Thiel, A. (201 0) Terrestrial Field Dissipation of DPX-HGW86 on Bare Soil in New 

York, USA. Project Number: DUPONT/17064/0CR, 50056. Unpublished study prepared 

by ABC Laboratories, Inc. 214 p.

48120049 - McCorquodale, G.; Wardrope, L. (2006) [Carbon 14]-DPX-HGW86: Degradability 

and Fate in the Sediment/Water System. Project Number: DUPONT/17059/0CR, 806316. 

Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 144 p.

48120047 - McCorquodale, G.; Wardrope, L. (2006) Anaerobic Soil Metabolism of [Carbon 14] 

DPX-HGW86. Project Number: DUPONT/17057/0CR, 806164. Unpublished study 

prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 93 p.

48120046 - Morriss, A. (2005) Photodegradation of [Carbon 14]-DPX-HGW86 on Soil. Project 

Number: DUPONT/17056/0CR, 806206. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River

Laboratories. 82 p.

48120045 - Lowrie, C.; Coyle, D. (2006) Rate of Degradation and Aged Desorption of [Carbon

14]-DPX-HGW86 in Three Aerobic Soils. Project Number: DUPONT/17055/0CR,

806274. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 174 p.

48119907 - Hitata, C. M. (2007) DPX-HGW86: Volatility, Calculation of Henry’s Law 

Constant. Project Number: DUPONT 18861. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, 

Stine-Haskell Research Center Newark, Delaware 19714-0030, USA

48119906 - Morriss, A.; McCorquodale, G. (2007) Photodegradation of [Carbon 14]-DPXHGW86 in pH 4 Buffer and Natural Water. Project Number: DUPONT/17060/0CR, 

806075. Unpublished study prepared by Charles River Laboratories. 184 p.

48119905 - Lowrie, C. (2005) Hydrolytic Stability of [14C]-DPX-HGW86 in Buffered 

Aqueous Solutions at pH 4, 7, and 9. Project Number: DUPONT 17058. Performing 

Laboratory Inveresk, Tranent, Scotland, EH33 2NE

48119901 - Clipson, A.S. and Craig, W.B. (2007) DPX-HGW86: Laboratory Study of Water 

Solubility. Project Number: DUPONT 17050. Unpublished study prepared by Charles 

River Laboratories. 45 p.
172

Appendix A Screening Imbibition Program (SIP v. 1.0) Inputs and Outputs for the 

Proposed Uses of Cyantraniliprole

Table 1. Inputs

Parameter Value

Chemical name Cyantraniliprole

Solubility (in water at 25oC; mg/L) 14.2

Mammalian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 5000

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" 

mammalian species

Mammalian NOAEL (mg/kg-bw) 20

Mammalian test species laboratory rat

Body weight (g) of "other" 

mammalian species

Avian LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 2250

Avian test species northern bobwhite quail

Body weight (g) of "other" avian 

species

Mineau scaling factor 1.15

Mallard NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 1000

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kgdiet) 1000

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for other 

bird species

Body weight (g) of other avian 

species

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) for 2nd 

other bird species

Body weight (g) of 2nd other 

avian species

Table 2. Mammalian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kgbw) 2.4424 2.4424

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kgbw) 3845.8028 15.3832

Ratio of exposure to toxicity 0.0006 0.1588

Conclusion*

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for mammals

Drinking water 

exposure alone is NOT 

a potential concern for 

mammals
173

Table 3. Avian Results

Parameter Acute Chronic

Upper bound exposure (mg/kgbw) 11.5020 11.5020

Adjusted toxicity value (mg/kgbw) 1620.9664 49.6126

Ratio of exposure to acute toxicity 0.0071 0.2318

Conclusion*

Drinking water exposure 

alone is NOT a potential 

concern for birds

Drinking water 

exposure alone is NOT 

a potential concern for 

birds

*Conclusion is for drinking water exposure alone. This does not combine all routes of 

exposure. Therefore, when aggregated with other routes (i.e., diet, inhalation, dermal), 

pesticide exposure through drinking water may contribute to a total exposure that has 

potential for effects to non-target animals.
174

Appendix B Sample Screening Tool for Inhalation Risk (STIR v. 1.0) Inputs and Outputs 

for the Proposed Uses of Cyantraniliprole

Input

Application and Chemical Information

Enter Chemical Name Cyantraniliprole

Enter Chemical Use

Agriculture and 

Residential

Is the Application a Spray? (enter y or n) y

If Spray What Type (enter ground or air) air

Enter Chemical Molecular Weight (g/mole) 473.72

Enter Chemical Vapor Pressure (mmHg) 3.85E-17

Enter Application Rate (lb a.i./acre) 0.69

Toxicity Properties

Bird

Enter Lowest Bird Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 2250

Enter Mineau Scaling Factor 1.15

Enter Tested Bird Weight (kg) 0.178

Mammal

Enter Lowest Rat Oral LD50 (mg/kg bw) 5000

Enter Lowest Rat Inhalation LC50 (mg/L) 5.2

Duration of Rat Inhalation Study (hrs) 4

Enter Rat Weight (kg) 0.35

Output

Results Avian (0.020 kg )

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation 

(mg/m3) 9.81E-13

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.23E-13

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 1.30E+01

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 9.46E-15

Exposure not Likely 

Significant

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose 

(mg/kg) 6.63E-02

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 

LD50 5.08E-03

Exposure not Likely 

Significant

Results Mammalian (0.015 kg )

Maximum Vapor Concentration in Air at Saturation 

(mg/m3) 9.81E-13

Maximum 1-hour Vapor Inhalation Dose (mg/kg) 1.55E-13

Adjusted Inhalation LD50 3.10E+02

Ratio of Vapor Dose to Adjusted Inhalation LD50 5.01E-16

Exposure not Likely 

Significant

Maximum Post-treatment Spray Inhalation Dose 8.33E-02
175

(mg/kg)

Ratio of Droplet Inhalation Dose to Adjusted Inhalation 

LD50 2.69E-04

Exposure not Likely 

Significant
Appendix C Cyantraniliprole and Its Major and Minor Environmental Degradates

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study length)

PARENT

Cyantraniliprole

DPX-HGW86

CAS Name: 3-Bromo-1-(3-

chloro-2-pyridinyl)-N-[4-cyano-2-

methyl-6 

[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-

1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

CAS Number: 736994-63-1

Formula: C19H14BrClN6O2

MW: 472 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Hydrolysis pH 4 at 25oC

48119905

92.86 (30 days)

Hydrolysis pH 7 at 25oC 52.79 (30 days)

Hydrolysis pH 9 at 25oC 2.21 (30 days)

Aqueous Photolysis 48119906

48122540

ND (15 days)

[LD 5.47 (1 days)]

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 ND (30 days)

[LD 12.40 (20 days)]

Soil Photolysis (air-dry soil) 48120046 84.11 (30 days)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 57.70 (120 days)

48120043 12.02 (358 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 1.20 (120 days)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 8.26 (100 days)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120071 0.15 (353 days)

48120081 4.00 (100 days)

MAJOR (>10%) TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS

CAS Name: 2-[3-Bromo-1-(3-

 

 

Hydrolysis pH 7 at 25oC 48119905 48.87 (30 days) 48.87 (30 days)

N

N

N

N

H

O

Cl

Br

HN O

N

Br
177

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study length)

Hydrolysis pH 9 at 25oC 97.84 (10 days) 95.40 (30 days)

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 54.82 (10 days) 30.08 (30 days)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 19.39 (120 days) 19.39 (120 days)

48120043 15.98 (16 days) 5.05 (358 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 71.88 (30 days) 68.35 (120 days)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 71.74 (56 days) 68.64 (100 days)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120071 77.20 (28 days) 58.03 (353 days)

48120081 82.03 (100 days) 81.14 (100 days)

Hydrolysis pH 4 at 25oC 48119905 7.79 (30 days) 7.79 (30 days)

Soil Photolysis (air-dry soil) 48120046 8.86 (15 days) 8.86 (15 days)

IN-NXX69

CAS Name: 2-[[(4Z)-2-bromo4H-pyrazolo[1,5-d]pyrido[3,2-

b][1,4]oxazin-4-ylidene]amino]-5-

cyano-N,3-dimethylbenzamide

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H13BrN6O2

MW: 437 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aqueous Photolysis 48119906

48122540

100.67 (2 days) 79.23 (15 days)

IN-QKV54

CAS Name: 2-(3-Bromo-1Hpyrazol-5-yl)-1,4-dihydro-3,8-

dimethyl-4-oxo-6-

quinazolinecarbonitrile

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C14H10BrN5O

MW: 344 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 17.18 (15 days) 5.83 (30 days)

CAS Name: 2-(2-Bromo-4- Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 14.12 (30 days) 14.12 (30 days)

N

N

N

N

O

Br

HN O

N

N

N

O

N N H

Br

N
178

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study length)

IN-RNU71 oxopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrido[3,2-

e]pyrazin-5(4H)-yl)-5-cyano-N,3-

dimethylbenzamide

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H13BrN6O2

MW: 437 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aqueous Photolysis 48119906

48122540

7.46 (15 days) 7.46 (15 days)

IN-JSE76

CAS Name: 4-[[[3-Bromo-1-(3-

chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-

yl]carbonyl]amino]-3-methyl-5-

[(methylamino)carbonyl]benzoic 

acid

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H15BrClN5O4

MW: 491 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 33.28 (120 days) 33.28 (120 days)

48120043 42.90 (358 days) 42.90 (358 days)

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 4.19 (30 days) 4.19 (30 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 5.82 (14 days) ND (120 days)

[LD 4.65 (30 days)]

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 0.79 (56 days) ND (100 days)

[LD 0.79 (56 days)]

IN-JCZ38

CAS Name: 4-[[[3-Bromo-1-(3-

chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-

yl]carbonyl]amino]-N'3',5-

dimethyl-1,3-

benzenedicarboxamide

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H16BrClN6O3

MW: 490 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 39.60 (120 days) 39.60 (120 days)

48120043 16.58 (7 days) ND (358 days)

[LD 0.20 (238 days)]

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 3.35 (20 days) 2.63 (30 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 3.62 (7 days) ND (120 days)

[LD 1.62 (30 days)]

O HN

N

N

N N

O Br

N

N

H

O

O

N

N

N

Cl

Br

O

OH

HN

O

NH2

HN O

N

H

O

N

N

N

Cl

Br
179

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study length)

IN-K5A78

CAS Name: 2-[3-Bromo-1-(3-

chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-

yl]-3,4-dihydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-

oxo-6-quinazolinecarboxylic acid

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H13BrClN5O3

MW: 473 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 10.53 (120 days) 10.53 (120 days)

48120043 28.78 (358 days) 28.78 (358 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 16.17 (120 days) 16.17 (120 days)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 0.61 (84 days) ND (100 days)

[LD 0.61 (84 days)]

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120071 9.18 (353 days) 9.18 (353 days)

IN-PLT97 CAS Name: 2-[3-Bromo-1-(3-

chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-

yl]-1,4-dihydro-8-methyl-4-oxo-6-

quinazolinecarboxylic acid

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C18H11BrClN5O3

MW: 460 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120043 26.27 (358 days) 26.27 (358 days)

Unidentified 

Radioactivity

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 10.34 (30 days) 10.34 (30 days)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120071 31.74 (260 days) 29.22 (353 days)

Aqueous Photolysis 48119906

48122540

3.83 (15 days) 3.83 (15 days)

Soil Photolysis (air-dry soil) 48120046 4.50 (1 days) --

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 3.57 (120 days) 3.57 (120 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 1.73 (7 days) ND (120 days)

[LD 1.59 (90 days)]

OH

O

N

N

O

N

N

N

Br

Cl

HO

O N

N

H

N

N

O

N

Br

Cl
180

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study length)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 1.72 (56 days) 0.99 (100 days)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120081 6.43 (45 days) 5.33 (100 days)

Non-Extractable 

Radioactivity

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 28.83 (30 days) 28.83 (30 days)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 18.72 (30 days) 18.72 (120 days)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 12.70 (100 days) 12.70 (100 days)

Soil Photolysis (air-dry soil) 48120046 6.65 (15 days) 6.65 (15 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 6.15 (120 days) 6.15 (120 days)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120081 5.84 (100 days) 5.84 (100 days)

MINOR (<10%) TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTS

IN-QKV55

CAS Name: Not Assigned

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H16BrN6O

MW: Not Available

SMILES: Not Available

Aqueous Photolysis 48119906

48122540

6.26 (15 days) 6.26 (15 days)

IN-NXX70

CAS Name: 2-[3-Bromo-1-(3-

hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol5-yl]-3,4-dihydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-

oxo-6-quinazolinecarbonitrile

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H13BrN6O2

MW: 437 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aqueous Photolysis 48119906

48122540

5.38 (15 days) 5.38 (15 days)

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 4.79 (6 days) ND (30 days)

[LD 1.42 (20 days)]

CAS Name: 2-[3-Bromo-1-(3-

chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 1.95 (20 days) ND (30 days)

[LD 1.95 (20 days)]

N

O N

N

N

N

Br

OH

N
181

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study length)

IN-K5A77 yl]-3,4-dihydro-3,8-dimethyl-4-

oxo-6-quinazolinecarboxamide

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C19H14BrClN6O2

MW: 473 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 6.24 (30 days) 5.54 (120 days)

48120043 8.93 (100 days) 4.83 (358 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 9.97 (60 days) 7.46 (120 days)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 2.00 (100 days) 2.00 (100 days)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120071 7.24 (353 days) 7.24 (353 days)

48120081 2.48 (100 days) 2.48 (100 days)

IN-K5A79

CAS Name: 3-(Aminocarbonyl)-

4-[[[3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-

pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-

yl]carbonyl]amino]-5-

methylbenzoic acid

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C18H13BrClN5O4

MW: 478 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 2.97 (30 days) 2.97 (30 days)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 2.99 (120 days) 2.99 (120 days)

48120043 9.34 (41 days) 2.18 (358 days)

IN-K7H19

CAS Name: 4-[[[3-Bromo-1-(3-

chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-

yl]carbonyl]amino]-5-methyl-1,3-

benzenedicarboxamide

CAS Number: Not Assigned

Formula: C18H14BrClN6O3

MW: 477 g/mol

SMILES: Not Available

Soil Photolysis (moist-soil) 48120082 5.93 (30 days) 5.93 (30 days)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 1.58 (120 days) 1.58 (120 days)

Aqueous Photolysis 48119906

48122540

0.25 (15 days) 0.25 (15 days)

H2N

O

N

N

O

N

N

N

Br

Cl

N

H

H2N O

O

N

N

N

Cl

Br

O

HO

N

H

H2N O

O

N

N

N

Cl

Br

O

NH2
182

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure Study Type MRID Maximum %AR (day)

Final %AR 

(study length)

Carbon

Dioxide

CAS Number: 124-38-9

Formula: CO2

MW: 44.1 g/mol

Soil Photolysis (air-dry soil) 48120046 < LOQ < LOQ (15 days)

Aerobic Soil Metabolism 48120045 1.58 (30 days) 1.58 (120 days)

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 48120047 < LOQ < LOQ (120 days)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 48120049 0.20 (70 days) <LOQ (100 days)

ND = Not Detected

LD = Last Detected

-- = No result applicable

LOQ = Limit of Quantitation

Major degradates that continued to increase by study termination include IN-J9Z38, IN-RNU71, IN-JSE76, IN-JCZ38, IN-K5A78, IN-PLT97. 

O C O
Appendix D: Example Surface Water PRZM/EXAMS Output for Aerial Use on NC Cotton stored as Cotton3A.out

Chemical: Cyantraniliprole

PRZM environment: NCcottonSTD.txt modified Tueday, 29 May 2007 at 12:58:38

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 05:14:07

Metfile: w13722.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 05:14:27

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

1961 2.585 2.582 2.571 2.073 1.567 0.3863

1962 10.16 10.15 10.1 9.704 7.328 3.563

1963 16.4 16.37 16.28 15.78 13.35 10.11

1964 15.95 15.94 15.88 15.76 15.66 14.53

1965 14.71 14.7 14.66 14.56 14.48 13.39

1966 16.24 16.22 16.14 16.05 14.66 12.77

1967 15.99 15.98 15.93 15.76 15.59 14.75

1968 24.83 24.81 24.7 24.46 22.65 16.54

1969 24.24 24.23 24.15 23.99 23.85 21.93

1970 26.91 26.88 26.78 26.54 24.02 20.42

1971 26.16 26.14 26.07 25.89 25.74 24.28

1972 26.25 26.22 26.18 25.82 25.04 23.74

1973 25.7 25.68 25.61 25.44 25.28 23.19

1974 22.76 22.74 22.65 22.47 22.32 20.74

1975 29.06 29.02 28.87 26.85 23.66 20.21

1976 31.89 31.86 31.79 31.58 29.85 26.83

1977 36.56 36.51 36.34 35.98 33.57 30.08

1978 35.61 35.59 35.49 35.29 35.11 32.34

1979 34.63 34.59 34.43 34.11 31.46 29.86

1980 33.82 33.79 33.69 33.46 33.29 30.51

1981 36.57 36.52 36.34 35.97 33 28.72

1982 38.12 38.08 37.94 37.58 35.59 33.28

1983 38.91 38.87 38.74 38.43 36.63 34.78

1984 38.21 38.19 38.08 37.82 37.6 34.31

1985 31.42 31.41 31.33 31.15 30.97 29

1986 30.81 30.79 30.7 30.49 30.3 27.59

1987 26.12 26.1 26.03 25.87 25.73 23.71

1988 27.87 27.84 27.72 27.44 25.21 22.27

1989 27.44 27.41 27.31 27.14 26.56 25.07

1990 30.63 30.58 30.42 30.12 28.28 25.42

Sorted results

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

0.03 38.91 38.87 38.74 38.43 37.60 34.78

0.06 38.21 38.19 38.08 37.82 36.63 34.31

0.10 38.12 38.08 37.94 37.58 35.59 33.28

0.13 36.57 36.52 36.34 35.98 35.11 32.34

0.16 36.56 36.51 36.34 35.97 33.57 30.51

0.19 35.61 35.59 35.49 35.29 33.29 30.08

0.23 34.63 34.59 34.43 34.11 33.00 29.86

0.26 33.82 33.79 33.69 33.46 31.46 29.00

0.29 31.89 31.86 31.79 31.58 30.97 28.72

0.32 31.42 31.41 31.33 31.15 30.30 27.59

0.35 30.81 30.79 30.70 30.49 29.85 26.83

0.39 30.63 30.58 30.42 30.12 28.28 25.42

0.42 29.06 29.02 28.87 27.44 26.56 25.07

0.45 27.87 27.84 27.72 27.14 25.74 24.28

0.48 27.44 27.41 27.31 26.85 25.73 23.74

0.52 26.91 26.88 26.78 26.54 25.28 23.71

0.55 26.25 26.22 26.18 25.89 25.21 23.19

0.58 26.16 26.14 26.07 25.87 25.04 22.27

0.61 26.12 26.10 26.03 25.82 24.02 21.93

0.65 25.70 25.68 25.61 25.44 23.85 20.74

0.68 24.83 24.81 24.70 24.46 23.66 20.42

0.71 24.24 24.23 24.15 23.99 22.65 20.21

0.74 22.76 22.74 22.65 22.47 22.32 16.54

0.77 16.40 16.37 16.28 16.05 15.66 14.75

0.81 16.24 16.22 16.14 15.78 15.59 14.53

0.84 15.99 15.98 15.93 15.76 14.66 13.39

0.87 15.95 15.94 15.88 15.76 14.48 12.77

0.90 14.71 14.70 14.66 14.56 13.35 10.11

0.94 10.16 10.15 10.10 9.70 7.33 3.56

0.97 2.59 2.58 2.57 2.07 1.57 0.39

0.10 37.97 37.92 37.78 37.42 35.54 33.19

Average 22.48

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: Cotton3A

Metfile: w13722.dvf

PRZM scenario: NCcottonSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv

Chemical Name: Cyantraniliprole

Description Variable NValue Units Comments

Molecular weight mwt 473.72 g/mol

Henry's Law Const. henry 1.70E-18 atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure vapr 3.85E-17 torr

Solubility sol 14.2 mg/L

Kd Kd mg/L

Koc Koc 14 mg/L

Photolysis half-life kdp 88 days Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 589 days Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 961 days Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 1327 days Halfife

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth: DEPI cm

Application Rate: TAPP 0.149 kg/ha

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction

Spray Drift DRFT 0.05 fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date Date 10-Nov dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1 apprate 0.149 kg/ha

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2 apprate 0.149 kg/ha

Record 17: FILTRA

IPSCND 1

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT

PLDKRT

FEXTRC 0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run)
184

Appendix E Sample T-REX Input and Output for the Proposed Uses of Cyantraniliprole

Brassica Leafy Vegetables (3 apps at 0.133 lb ai/A – 5-day interval)

Summary of Risk Quotient Calculations Based on Upper Bound Kenaga EECs

Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

Size 

Class

(grams)

Adjusted

LD50

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf 

Plants

Fruits/Pods/

Seeds Arthropods Granivore

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

20 0.00 99.10 N/A 45.42

N/A

55.75

N/A

6.19

N/A

38.82

N/A

1.38

N/A

100 0.00 56.51 N/A 25.90 N/A 31.79 N/A 3.53 N/A 22.13 N/A 0.78 N/A

1000 0.00 25.30

N/A

11.60

N/A

14.23

N/A

1.58

N/A

9.91

N/A

0.35

N/A

Upper Bound Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

LC50

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Seeds Arthropods

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

0 87.02 N/A 39.88 N/A 48.95 N/A 5.44 N/A 34.08 N/A

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients 

Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

NOAEC 

(ppm)

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Seeds Arthropods

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

1000 87.02 0.09 39.88 0.04 48.95 0.05 5.44 0.01 34.08 0.03

Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients 
185

Size 

Class

(grams)

Adjuste

d

LD50

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf 

Plants

Fruits/Pods/

Seeds Arthropods Granivore

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

15 0.00 82.96 N/A 38.02 N/A 46.67 N/A 5.19 N/A 32.4938 N/A 1.1523 N/A

35 0.00 57.34 N/A 26.28 N/A 32.25 N/A 3.58 N/A 22.4576 N/A 0.7964 N/A

1000 0.00 13.29 N/A 6.09 N/A 7.48 N/A 0.83 N/A 5.20687 N/A 0.1846 N/A

Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

LC50 

(ppm)

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf 

Plants Fruits/Pods/Seeds Arthropods

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

0 87.02 N/A

39.8

8 N/A 48.95 N/A 5.44 N/A 34.08 N/A

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

NOAEC 

(ppm)

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf 

Plants

Fruits/Pods/Seeds/Larg

e Insects Arthropods

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

20 87.02 4.35 39.88 1.99 48.95 2.45 5.44 0.27 34.08 1.70

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients 

Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

Size 

Class

(grams)

Adjusted 

NOAEL

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf 

Plants

Fruits/Pods/

Seeds Arthropods Granivore

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

15 0.00 82.96 N/A 38.02 N/A 46.67 N/A 5.19 N/A 32.49 N/A 1.15 N/A

35 0.00 57.34 N/A 26.28 N/A 32.25 N/A 3.58 N/A 22.46 N/A 0.80 N/A

1000 0.00 13.29 N/A 6.09 N/A 7.48 N/A 0.83 N/A 5.21 N/A 0.18 N/A
186

Appendix F EEC Calculations for Soil Drench/Injection, Drip Chemigation, and Pot 

Drench Applications

Soil Injection/Soil Drench/Drip Irrigation and Woody Potted Ornamental Drench Leaf 

Biomass Estimates

General hardwood equation for dry weight (Sollins et al., 1973)

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -3.862 + 1.74*(ln(dbh1

))

For the soil injection/soil drench scenarios, a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 6 inches 

(15.24 cm) is used. This DBH was selected based on the Biological and Economic 

Analysis Division’s (BEAD) assumption that the average sized tree in an acre of urban 

trees has a DBH of 6 inches (USEPA 2011a).

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -3.862 + 0*15.24 + 1.74*(ln(15.241

))

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -3.862 + 0 + 4.74

ln leaf biomass (kg) = 0.878

Leaf biomass = e0.878 = 2.4 kg

The correction for bias when converting from ln to arithmetic units = 1.34 (Sollins et al.,

1973). Therefore:

Leaf biomass = 2.4*1.34 = 3.216 kg dry weight

For leaves, 85 percent (mean) of the wet weight is water (USEPA, 1993); therefore, the 

general equation to convert leaf dry weight into wet weight is:

Leaf wet weight = (100% total leaf weight) *(kg of leaf dry weight) / (% leaf dry weight) 

Hardwood leaf wet weight = (100%)*(3.216 kg) / (15%)

Hardwood (6-inch DBH) leaf wet weight = 21.44 kg wet weight

A similar calculation is performed for the woody potted ornamental drench scenario; 

however, a DBH of 1 inch (2.54 cm) is assumed because woody potted ornamentals are 

small.

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -3.862 + 0*2.54 + 1.74*(ln(2.541

))

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -3.862 + 0 + 1.621

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -2.241

Leaf biomass = e-2.241 = 0.106 kg

The correction for bias when converting from ln to arithmetic units = 1.34 (Sollins et al., 

1973). Therefore:

Leaf biomass = 0.106*1.34 = 0.142 kg dry weight
187

For leaves, 85 percent of the wet weight is water (USEPA, 1993); therefore, the general 

equation to convert leaf dry weight into wet weight is:

Wet weight = (100% total weight) *(kg of dry weight) / (% dry weight) 

Hardwood leaf wet weight = (100%)*(0.142 kg) / (15%)

Hardwood (1-inch DBH) leaf wet weight = 0.95 kg wet weight

General softwood equation for dry weight (Sollins et al., 1973)

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -2.907 + 0*dbh + 1.674*(ln(dbh1))

For the soil injection and soil drench scenarios, a DBH of 6 inches (15.24 cm) is used. 

This DBH was selected based on BEAD’s assumption that the average sized tree in an 

acre of trees has a DBH of 6 inches (USEPA 2011a).

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -2.907 + 0*15.24 + 1.674*(ln(15.241

))

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -2.907 + 0 + 4.56

ln leaf biomass (kg) = 1.653

Leaf biomass = e1.653 = 5.222 kg

The correction for bias when converting from ln to arithmetic units = 1.34 (Sollins et al.,

1973). Therefore:

Leaf biomass = 5.222*1.34 = 7 kg dry weight

For leaves, 85 percent of the wet weight is water (USEPA, 1993); therefore, the general 

equation to convert leaf dry weight into wet weight is:

Wet weight = (100% total weight) *(kg of dry weight) / (% dry weight) 

Softwood leaf wet weight = (100%)*(7 kg) / (15%)

Softwood (6-inch DBH) leaf wet weight = 47 kg wet weight

A similar calculation is performed for the woody potted ornamental drench scenario; 

however, a DBH of 1 inch (2.54 cm) is assumed because woody potted ornamentals are 

small.

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -2.907 + 0*2.54 + 1.674*(ln(2.541

))

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -2.907 + 0 + 1.56

ln leaf biomass (kg) = -1.347

Leaf biomass = e-1.347 = 0.26 kg

The correction for bias when converting from ln to arithmetic units = 1.34 (Sollins et al., 

1973). Therefore:

Leaf biomass = 0.26*1.34 = 0.35 kg dry weight
188

For leaves, 85 percent of the wet weight is water (USEPA, 1993); therefore, the general 

equation to convert leaf dry weight into wet weight is:

Wet weight = (100% total weight) *(kg of dry weight) / (% dry weight) 

Softwood leaf wet weight = (100%)*(0.35 kg) / (15%)

Softwood (1-inch DBH) leaf wet weight = 2.3 kg wet weight

Soil Injection and Drench for Ornamental Trees and Citrus

The seasonal maximum application rates for ornamental trees range from 0.26 to 0.42 lb 

ai/A; the seasonal maximum application rate for citrus is 0.391 lb ai/A. Seasonal 

maximums were chosen because multiple applications of cyantraniliprole are expected to 

accumulate in the plants. USEPA 2011a established that on average, there are 36 trees 

per acre in urban settings. Thus:

Ornamental trees = (0.26 lb ai/A) / (36 trees/A) = 0.007 lb ai/tree

Ornamental trees = (0.42 lb ai/A) / (36 trees/A) = 0.012 lb ai/tree

Citrus = (0.391 lb ai/A) / (36 trees/A) = 0.011 lb ai/tree

Conversion to mg (ornamental trees) = (0.007 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 3175 mg ai/tree

Conversion to mg (ornamental trees) = (0.012 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 5443 mg ai/tree

Conversion to mg (citrus) = (0.011 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 4990 mg ai/tree

It is assumed that the entire application of cyantraniliprole will accumulate in the leaves 

(a surrogate for other non-woody food items such as seeds) of the tree. To determine the 

dietary concentration (EEC) of cyantraniliprole in the leaves of hardwoods and 

softwoods, the cyantraniliprole application per tree is divided by the leaf biomass (Table 

13).

Hardwoods ornamentals = (3175 mg ai/tree) / 21.44 kg = 148 mg ai/kg-leaves

Hardwoods ornamentals = (5443 mg ai/tree) / 21.44 kg = 254 mg ai/kg-leaves

Citrus = (4990 mg ai/tree) / 21.44 kg = 233 mg ai/kg-leaves

Softwoods ornamentals = (3175 mg ai/tree) / 47 kg = 68 mg ai/kg-leaves

Softwoods ornamentals = (5443 mg ai/tree) / 47 kg = 116 mg ai/kg-leaves

The EECs must be adjusted for mammal body weight. The T-REX analysis uses three 

size classes for mammals: 15, 35, and 1000 g. According to the T-REX User’s Manual, 

a 15 g mammal consumes 95 percent of its body weight daily, a 35 g mammal consumes 

66 percent of its body weight daily, and a 1000 g mammal consumes 15 percent of its 

body weight daily. Consequently, the general equation for determining the dose of 

cyantraniliprole received per day is:

EEC mg ai/kg-bw = (dietary concentration mg ai/kg-diet)*(body weight consumption kgdiet/kg-bw)

Hardwoods ornamentals
189

15 g mammal EEC = (148 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 141 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (148 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 100 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (148 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 22 mg ai/kg-bw

Hardwoods ornamentals

15 g mammal EEC = (254 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 241 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (254 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 168 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (254 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 38 mg ai/kg-bw

Citrus

15 g mammal EEC = (233 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 221 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (233 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 154 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (233 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 35 mg ai/kg-bw

Softwoods ornamentals

15 g mammal EEC = (68 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 65 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (68 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 45 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (68 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 10 mg ai/kg-bw

Softwoods ornamentals

15 g mammal EEC = (116 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 110 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (116 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 77 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (116 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 17 mg ai/kg-bw

Non-Woody Potted Ornamental Drench and Agricultural Drip Irrigation

Leaf biomass equations were not available for non-woody plants. Therefore, the 

assumption was made that the entire application of cyantraniliprole would concentrate in 

the plant. 

The seasonal maximum application rates for potted ornamentals are 0.26 and 0.5 lb ai/A. 

The seasonal maximum application rates for agricultural crops are 0.4 (brassica 

vegetables, cucurbits, fruiting vegetables, leafy vegetables, and corm and tuberous 

vegetables). The seasonal maximum application rate was chosen because it is assumed 

that cyantraniliprole will accumulate in the plant as multiple applications occur 

(application intervals are usually 7 to 10 days). 

For the potted ornamental scenario, 49,000 8-inch pots are expected to fit into an acre of 

storage area at a typical nursery. Thus,

(0.26 lb ai/A) / 49,000 = 0.000005 lb ai/plant

(0.5 lb ai/A) / 49,000 = 0.00001 lb ai/plant

Conversion to mg = (0.000005 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 2.3 mg ai/plant

Conversion to mg = (0.00001 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 4.5 mg ai/plant
190

For the agricultural crop scenarios, transplant rates per acre (or seed rates if transplants 

were not available) were used to estimate the number of plants in a field (USEPA 2011b). 

Lower estimates were used because this provided the most protective scenario (fewer 

plants = higher concentration of cyantraniliprole per plant).

Rates were as follows (seeds or transplants per acre):

Brassica vegetables = 5445 (cauliflower)

Cucurbits = 589 (pumpkin)

Fruiting vegetables = 2178 (eggplant and tomato)

Leafy vegetables = 6223 (collards)

Corm and tuberous vegetables = 5445 (sweet potato, and cassava)

Thus,

Brassica vegetables = (0.4 lb ai/A) / 5445 = 0.00007 lb ai/plant

Cucurbits = (0.4 lb ai/A) / 589 = 0.0007 lb ai/plant

Fruiting vegetables = (0.4 lb ai/A) / 2178 = 0.0002 lb ai/plant

Leafy vegetables = (0.4 lb ai/A) / 6223 = 0.00006 lb ai/plant

Corm and tuberous vegetables = (0.4 lb ai/A) / 5445 = 0.00007 lb ai/plant

Conversion to mg

Brassica vegetables = (0.00007 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 32 mg ai/plant

Cucurbits = (0.0007 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 318 mg ai/plant

Fruiting vegetables = (0.0002 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 91 mg ai/plant

Leafy vegetables = (0.00006 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 27 mg ai/plant

Corm and tuberous vegetables = (0.00007 lb ai)*(453592 mg ai/lb) = 32 mg ai/plant

It is assumed that the entire application of cyantraniliprole will accumulate in the plant 

and that the average weight of a plant is 0.5 kg. Thus, to calculate the dietary 

concentration (EEC) of cyantraniliprole in a plant, the cyantraniliprole application per 

plant is divided by its weight (0.5 kg).

Potted ornamental = (2.3 mg ai/plant) / 0.5 kg = 4.6 mg ai/kg-plant

Potted ornamental = (4.5 mg ai/plant) / 0.5 kg = 9 mg ai/kg-plant

Brassica vegetables = (32 mg ai/plant) / 0.5 kg = 64 mg ai/kg-plant

Cucurbits = (318 mg ai/plant) / 0.5 kg = 636 mg ai/kg-plant

Fruiting vegetables = (91 mg ai/plant) / 0.5 kg = 182 mg ai/kg-plant

Leafy vegetables = (27 mg ai/plant) / 0.5 kg = 54 mg ai/kg-plant

Corm and tuberous vegetables = (32 mg ai/plant) / 0.5 kg = 64 mg ai/kg-plant

The EECs must be adjusted for mammal body weight. The T-REX analysis uses three 

size classes for mammals: 15, 35, and 1000 g. According to the T-REX User’s Manual, 

a 15 g mammal consumes 95 percent of its body weight daily, a 35 g mammal consumes 

66 percent of its body weight daily, and a 1000 g mammal consumes 15 percent of its 
191

body weight daily. Consequently, the general equation for determining the dose of 

cyantraniliprole received per day is:

EEC mg ai/kg-bw = (dietary concentration mg ai/kg-diet)*(body weight consumption kgdiet/kg-bw)

Potted ornamental

15 g mammal EEC = (4.6 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 4 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (4.6 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 3 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (4.6 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 0.7 mg ai/kg-bw

Potted ornamental

15 g mammal EEC = (9 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 9 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (9 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 6 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (9 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 1 mg ai/kg-bw

Brassica vegetables

15 g mammal EEC = (64 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 61 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (64 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 42 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (64 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 10 mg ai/kg-bw

Cucurbits

15 g mammal EEC = (636 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 604 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (636 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 420 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (636 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 95 mg ai/kg-bw

Fruiting vegetables

15 g mammal EEC = (182 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 173 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (182 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 120 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (182 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 27 mg ai/kg-bw

Leafy vegetables

15 g mammal EEC = (54 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 51 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (54 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 36 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (54 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 8 mg ai/kg-bw

Corm and tuberous vegetables

15 g mammal EEC = (64 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.95 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 61 mg ai/kg-bw

35 g mammal EEC = (64 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.66 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 42 mg ai/kg-bw

1000 g mammal EEC = (64 mg ai/kg-diet)*(0.15 kg-diet/kg-bw) = 10 mg ai/kg-bw
192

Appendix G SAMPLE TerrPlant Input and Output for the Proposed Cyantraniliprole

TerrPlant v. 1.2.2

Green values signify user inputs (Tables 1, 2 and 4). 

Input and output guidance is in popups indicated by red arrows.

Table 1. Chemical Identity.

Chemical Name Cyantraniliprole

PC code 90098

Use

Application Method

Application Form Liquid

Solubility in Water (ppm) 14.2

Table 2. Input parameters used to derive EECs.

Input Parameter Symbol Value Units

Application Rate A 0.13 y

Incorporation I 1 none

Runoff Fraction R 0.02 none

Drift Fraction D 0.01 none

Table 3. EECs for Cyantraniliprole. Units in y.

Description Equation EEC

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0026

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.026

Spray drift A*D 0.0013

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0039

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0273

TerrPlant v. 1.2.2

Green values signify user inputs (Tables 1, 2 and 4). 

Input and output guidance is in popups indicated by red arrows.

Table 1. Chemical Identity.

Chemical Name Cyantraniliprole

PC code 90098

Use

Application Method

Application Form Liquid

Solubility in Water (ppm) 14.2

Table 2. Input parameters used to derive EECs.

Input Parameter Symbol Value Units

Application Rate A 0.13 y

Incorporation I 1 none

Runoff Fraction R 0.02 none
193

Drift Fraction D 0.01 none

Table 3. EECs for Cyantraniliprole. Units in y.

Description Equation EEC

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.0026

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.026

Spray drift A*D 0.0013

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.0039

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.0273

Table 4. Plant survival and growth data used for RQ derivation. Units are in y.

Seedling Emergence Vegetative Vigor

Plant type EC25 NOAEC EC25 NOAEC 

Monocot x 0.134 x 0.067

Dicot x 0.134 x 0.134

Table 5. RQ values for plants in dry and semi-aquatic areas exposed to Cyantraniliprole through 

runoff and/or spray drift.*

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

Monocot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Monocot listed <0.1 0.20 <0.1

Dicot non-listed N/A N/A N/A

Dicot listed <0.1 0.20 <0.1

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group.
194

Appendix H Agency Levels of Concern (LOC)

Risk Description RQ Taxa

Acute Potential for acute risk to non-target organisms 

which may warrant regulatory action in addition 

to restricted use classification

acute RQ > 0.5 aquatic animals, 

mammals, birds

Acute Restricted 

Use

Potential for acute risk to non-target organisms, 

but may be mitigated through restricted use 

classification

acute RQ > 0.1 aquatic animals

acute RQ > 0.2 mammals and 

birds

Acute Listed 

Species

Listed species may be potentially affected by 

use

acute RQ > 0.05 aquatic animals

acute RQ > 0.1 mammals and 

birds

Chronic Potential for chronic risk may warrant 

regulatory action, listed species may potentially 

be affected through chronic exposure

chronic RQ > 1 all animals

Non-Listed and 

Listed Plant 

Potential for effects in non-listed and listed 

plants

RQ > 1 all plants
195

Appendix I LOCATES Endangered Species List

Based on the following crops: almonds, apples, apricots, artichokes, beets, bittermelon, 

blueberries, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, head cabbage, mustard cabbage, 

cantaloupe, canola, cassava, cauliflower, celery, cherries, chestnut, Christmas trees, 

citron, citrus, collards, cotton, crambe, cucumbers and pickles, currants, eggplant, endive 

and escarole, garlic, grapefruit, hazelnuts, honeydew melon, jojoba harvest, kale, 

kumquats, lemons, lemons and limes, lettuce, limes, macadamia nuts, muskmelons and 

pepinos, mustard greens, mustard seed, nectarines, nuts, okra, onions, oranges, orchards, 

peaches, pears, pecans, peppers, persimmons, pistachios, plums and prunes, pluots, 

potatoes, pumpkins, rapeseed, rhubarb, sesame, sod harvested, spinach, squash, 

sunflower seed, sweet potatoes, tangelos, tangerines, tomatoes, walnuts, watermelons, 

woodlands, and yams.

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Salamander, Frosted 

Flatwoods Ambystoma cingulatum T Alabama Amphibian

Salamander, Red Hills Phaeognathus hubrichti T Alabama Amphibian

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Alabama Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Alabama Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Alabama Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Alabama Bird

Alabama pearlshell Margaritifera marrianae E Alabama Bivalve

Choctaw Bean Villosa choctawensis E Alabama Bivalve

Combshell, Southern 

(=Penitent mussel) Epioblasma penita E Alabama Bivalve

Combshell, Upland Epioblasma metastriata E Alabama Bivalve

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Alabama Bivalve

Kidneyshell, 

Triangular Ptychobranchus greenii E Alabama Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Acornshell 

Southern Epioblasma othcaloogensis E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Coosa 

Moccasinshell Medionidus parvulus E Alabama Bivalve
196

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Mussel, Cumberland 

Combshell Epioblasma brevidens E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Dark Pigtoe Pleurobema furvum E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-rayed 

Pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Flat Pigtoe 

(=Marshall's Mussel) Pleurobema marshalli E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Georgia 

pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Gulf 

Moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe 

(=Judge Tait's Mussel) Pleurobema taitianum E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate 

Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Ring Pink 

(=Golf Stick Pearly) Obovaria retusa E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Fusconaia cor E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny-rayed 

Pocketbook Lampsilis subangulata E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Southern 

Clubshell Pleurobema decisum E Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Southern 

Pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E Alabama Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Alabama Lamp Lampsilis virescens E Alabama Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cracking Hemistena lata E Alabama Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cumberland 

Monkeyface Quadrula intermedia E Alabama Bivalve
197

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Pearlymussel, Orangefooted Plethobasus cooperianus E Alabama Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Pale 

Lilliput Toxolasma cylindrellus E Alabama Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Turgidblossom Epioblasma turgidula E Alabama Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White 

Wartyback Plethobasus cicatricosus E Alabama Bivalve

Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata E Alabama Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Alabama Bivalve

Southern Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus jonesi E Alabama Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Alabama Bivalve

Stirrupshell Quadrula stapes E Alabama Bivalve

Bankclimber, Purple Elliptoideus sloatianus T Alabama Bivalve

fuzzy pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum T Alabama Bivalve

Mucket, Orange-nacre Lampsilis perovalis T Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama 

Moccasinshell Medionidus acutissimus T Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-lined 

Pocketbook Lampsilis altilis T Alabama Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter 

Inflated Potamilus inflatus T Alabama Bivalve

Narrow Pigtoe Fusconaia escambia T Alabama Bivalve

Southern Sandshell Hamiota australis T Alabama Bivalve

Tapered Pigtoe Fusconaia burkei T Alabama Bivalve

Shrimp, Alabama 

Cave Palaemonias alabamae E Alabama Crustacean

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Alabama Dicot

Clover, Leafy Prairie Dalea foliosa E Alabama Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Alabama Dicot

Leather-flower, 

Alabama Clematis socialis E Alabama Dicot
198

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Leather-flower, 

Morefield's Clematis morefieldii E Alabama Dicot

Pinkroot, Gentian Spigelia gentianoides E Alabama Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Alabama 

Canebrake

Sarracenia rubra 

alabamensis E Alabama Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E Alabama Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Alabama Dicot

Amphianthus, Little Amphianthus pusillus T Alabama Dicot

Barbara Buttons, 

Mohr's Marshallia mohrii T Alabama Dicot

Bladderpod, Lyrate Lesquerella lyrata T Alabama Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Alabama Dicot

Quillwort, Louisiana Isoetes louisianensis E Alabama Ferns

Fern, Alabama StreaksorusThelypteris pilosa var. 

alabamensis T Alabama Ferns

Fern, American hart'stongueAsplenium scolopendrium 

var. americanum T Alabama Ferns

Cavefish, Alabama Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni E Alabama Fish

Darter, Boulder Etheostoma wapiti E Alabama Fish

Darter, Vermilion Etheostoma chermocki E Alabama Fish

Darter, Watercress Etheostoma nuchale E Alabama Fish

Rush darter Etheostoma phytophilum E Alabama Fish

Shiner, Cahaba Notropis cahabae E Alabama Fish

Shiner, Palezone Notropis albizonatus E Alabama Fish

Sturgeon, Alabama Scaphirhynchus suttkusi E Alabama Fish

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T Alabama Fish

Darter, Goldline Percina aurolineata T Alabama Fish

Darter, Slackwater Etheostoma boschungi T Alabama Fish

Darter, Snail Percina tanasi T Alabama Fish
199

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sculpin, Pygmy Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus) T Alabama Fish

Shiner, Blue Cyprinella caerulea T Alabama Fish

Sturgeon, Gulf

Acipenser oxyrinchus 

desotoi T Alabama Fish

Campeloma, Slender Campeloma decampi E Alabama Gastropod

Hornsnail, rough Pleurocera foremani E Alabama Gastropod

Pebblesnail, Flat Lepyrium showalteri E Alabama Gastropod

Riversnail, Anthony's Athearnia anthonyi E Alabama Gastropod

Rocksnail, interrupted Leptoxis foremani E Alabama Gastropod

Rocksnail, Plicate Leptoxis plicata E Alabama Gastropod

Snail, Armored

Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) 

pachyta E Alabama Gastropod

Snail, Lioplax 

Cylindrical Lioplax cyclostomaformis E Alabama Gastropod

Elimia, Lacy Elimia crenatella T Alabama Gastropod

Rocksnail, Painted Leptoxis taeniata T Alabama Gastropod

Rocksnail, Round Leptoxis ampla T Alabama Gastropod

Snail, Tulotoma Tulotoma magnifica T Alabama Gastropod

Butterfly, Mitchell's 

Satyr

Neonympha mitchellii 

mitchellii E Alabama Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's 

Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Alabama Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Alabama Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Alabama Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Alabama Mammal

Mouse, Alabama 

Beach

Peromyscus polionotus 

ammobates E Alabama Mammal

Mouse, Perdido Key 

Beach

Peromyscus polionotus 

trissyllepsis E Alabama Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Alabama Mammal
200

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Alabama Monocot

Grass, Tennessee 

Yellow-eyed Xyris tennesseensis E Alabama Monocot

Trillium, Relict Trillium reliquum E Alabama Monocot

Water-plantain, Kral's Sagittaria secundifolia T Alabama Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Alabama Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Alabama Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Alabama Reptile

Turtle, Alabama Redbellied Pseudemys alabamensis E Alabama Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Alabama Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Alabama Reptile

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Alabama Reptile

Tortoise, Gopher Gopherus polyphemus T Alabama Reptile

Turtle, Flattened Musk Sternotherus depressus T Alabama Reptile

Albatross, Short-tailed

Phoebastria (=Diomedea) 

albatrus E Alaska Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Alaska Bird

Eider, Steller's Polysticta stelleri T Alaska Bird

Bison, Wood Bison bison athabascae E Alaska Mammal

Whale, beluga Delphinapterus leucas E Alaska Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Alaska Mammal

Whale, Bowhead Balaena mysticetus E Alaska Mammal

Whale, Finback Balaenoptera physalus E Alaska Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E Alaska Mammal
201

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae E Alaska Mammal

Whale, North Pacific 

right Eubalaena japonica E Alaska Mammal

Whale, Sei Balaenoptera borealis E Alaska Mammal

Whale, Sperm

Physeter catodon 

(=macrocephalus) E Alaska Mammal

Sea-lion, Steller Eumetopias jubatus E/T Alaska Mammal

Otter, Northern Sea Enhydra lutris kenyoni T Alaska Mammal

Seal, spotted Phoca largha T Alaska Mammal

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Alaska Reptile

Salamander, Sonora 

Tiger

Ambystoma tigrinum 

stebbinsi E Arizona Amphibian

Frog, Chiricahua 

Leopard Rana chiricahuensis T Arizona Amphibian

Bobwhite, Masked

Colinus virginianus 

ridgwayi E Arizona Bird

Condor, California Gymnogyps californianus E Arizona Bird

Falcon, Northern 

Aplomado

Falco femoralis 

septentrionalis E Arizona Bird

Flycatcher, 

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus E Arizona Bird

Rail, Yuma Clapper

Rallus longirostris 

yumanensis E Arizona Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Arizona Bird

Blue-star, Kearney's Amsonia kearneyana E Arizona Dicot

Cactus, Arizona 

Hedgehog

Echinocereus triglochidiatus 

var. arizonicus E Arizona Dicot

Cactus, Brady 

Pincushion Pediocactus bradyi E Arizona Dicot

Cactus, Nichol's Turk's 

Head

Echinocactus 

horizonthalonius var. 

nicholii E Arizona Dicot
202

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Cactus, Peebles 

Navajo

Pediocactus peeblesianus 

peeblesianus E Arizona Dicot

Cactus, Pima 

Pineapple

Coryphantha scheeri var. 

robustispina E Arizona Dicot

Cliffrose, Arizona

Purshia (=cowania) 

subintegra E Arizona Dicot

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Astragalus holmgreniorum E Arizona Dicot

Milk-vetch, Sentry

Astragalus cremnophylax 

var. cremnophylax E Arizona Dicot

Umbel, Huachuca 

Water

Lilaeopsis schaffneriana 

var. recurva E Arizona Dicot

Cactus, Cochise 

Pincushion Coryphantha robbinsorum T Arizona Dicot

Cactus, Siler 

Pincushion

Pediocactus 

(=Echinocactus,=Utahia) 

sileri T Arizona Dicot

Cycladenia, Jones

Cycladenia jonesii 

(=humilis) T Arizona Dicot

Fleabane, Zuni Erigeron rhizomatus T Arizona Dicot

Groundsel, San 

Francisco Peaks Senecio franciscanus T Arizona Dicot

Milkweed, Welsh's Asclepias welshii T Arizona Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Arizona Fish

Chub, Gila Gila intermedia E Arizona Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Arizona Fish

Chub, Virgin River Gila seminuda (=robusta) E Arizona Fish

Chub, Yaqui Gila purpurea E Arizona Fish

Minnow, Loach Tiaroga cobitis E Arizona Fish

Pupfish, Desert Cyprinodon macularius E Arizona Fish

Spikedace Meda fulgida E Arizona Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Arizona Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Arizona Fish
203

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Topminnow, Gila 

(Yaqui) Poeciliopsis occidentalis E Arizona Fish

Trout, Gila Oncorhynchus gilae E Arizona Fish

Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus E Arizona Fish

Steelhead

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

mykiss E/T Arizona Fish

Catfish, Yaqui Ictalurus pricei T Arizona Fish

Chub, Sonora Gila ditaenia T Arizona Fish

Shiner, Beautiful Cyprinella formosa T Arizona Fish

Spinedace, Little 

Colorado Lepidomeda vittata T Arizona Fish

Trout, Apache Oncorhynchus apache T Arizona Fish

Ambersnail, Kanab

Oxyloma haydeni 

kanabensis E Arizona Gastropod

Springsnail, San 

Bernardino Pyrgulopsis bernardina E Arizona Gastropod

Springsnail, Three 

Forks Pyrgulopsis trivialis E Arizona Gastropod

Bat, Lesser 

(=Sanborn's) Longnosed

Leptonycteris curasoae 

yerbabuenae E Arizona Mammal

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Arizona Mammal

Jaguar Panthera onca E Arizona Mammal

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan

Herpailurus (=Felis) 

yagouaroundi tolteca E Arizona Mammal

Ocelot Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis E Arizona Mammal

Pronghorn, Sonoran

Antilocapra americana 

sonoriensis E Arizona Mammal

Squirrel, Mount 

Graham Red

Tamiasciurus hudsonicus 

grahamensis E Arizona Mammal

Vole, Hualapai 

Mexican

Microtus mexicanus 

hualpaiensis E Arizona Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Canelo 

Hills Spiranthes delitescens E Arizona Monocot
204

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sedge, Navajo Carex specuicola T Arizona Monocot

Rattlesnake, New 

Mexican Ridge-nosed Crotalus willardi obscurus T Arizona Reptile

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T Arizona Reptile

Ozark Hellbender

Cryptobranchus 

alleganiensis bishopi E Arkansas Amphibian

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Arkansas Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Arkansas Bird

Woodpecker, Ivorybilled Campephilus principalis E Arkansas Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Arkansas Bird

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Arkansas Bivalve

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E Arkansas Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Arkansas Bivalve

Mussel, Speckled 

Pocketbook Lampsilis streckeri E Arkansas Bivalve

Mussel, Winged 

Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Arkansas Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Curtis'

Epioblasma florentina 

curtisii E Arkansas Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat 

Pocketbook Potamilus capax E Arkansas Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Turgidblossom Epioblasma turgidula E Arkansas Bivalve

Rock-pocketbook, 

Ouachita (=Wheeler's 

pm) Arkansia wheeleri E Arkansas Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Arkansas Bivalve

Fatmucket, Arkansas Lampsilis powelli T Arkansas Bivalve

Crayfish, Cave 

(Cambarus aculabrum) Cambarus aculabrum E Arkansas Crustacean
205

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Crayfish, Cave 

(Cambarus 

zophonastes) Cambarus zophonastes E Arkansas Crustacean

Clover, Running 

Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Arkansas Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Arkansas Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Arkansas Dicot

Bladderpod, Missouri Lesquerella filiformis T Arkansas Dicot

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Arkansas Dicot

Fruit, Earth 

(=geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Arkansas Dicot

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Arkansas Fish

Yellowcheek darter Etheostoma moorei E Arkansas Fish

Cavefish, Ozark Amblyopsis rosae T Arkansas Fish

Darter, Leopard Percina pantherina T Arkansas Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Arkansas Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Arkansas Fish

Shagreen, Magazine 

Mountain Mesodon magazinensis T Arkansas Gastropod

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Arkansas Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Arkansas Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Arkansas Mammal

Bat, Ozark Big-eared

Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) 

townsendii ingens E Arkansas Mammal

Panther, Florida

Puma (=Felis) concolor 

coryi E Arkansas Mammal

Rabbit, Pygmy Brachylagus idahoensis E Arkansas Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Arkansas Monocot

Frog, Mountain 

Yellow-legged Rana muscosa E California Amphibian

Salamander, California 

Tiger Ambystoma californiense E California Amphibian
206

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Salamander, Desert 

Slender Batrachoseps aridus E California Amphibian

Salamander, Santa 

Cruz Long-toed

Ambystoma macrodactylum 

croceum E California Amphibian

Toad, Arroyo 

Southwestern

Bufo californicus 

(=microscaphus) E California Amphibian

Frog, California Redlegged Rana aurora draytonii T California Amphibian

Albatross, Short-tailed

Phoebastria (=Diomedea) 

albatrus E California Bird

Condor, California Gymnogyps californianus E California Bird

Flycatcher, 

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus E California Bird

Rail, California 

Clapper Rallus longirostris obsoletus E California Bird

Rail, Light-footed 

Clapper Rallus longirostris levipes E California Bird

Rail, Yuma Clapper

Rallus longirostris 

yumanensis E California Bird

Shrike, San Clemente 

Loggerhead Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi E California Bird

Tern, California Least Sterna antillarum browni E California Bird

Vireo, Least Bell's Vireo bellii pusillus E California Bird

Gnatcatcher, Coastal 

California

Polioptila californica 

californica T California Bird

Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus T California Bird

Owl, Northern Spotted Strix occidentalis caurina T California Bird

Plover, Western 

Snowy

Charadrius alexandrinus 

nivosus T California Bird

Sparrow, San 

Clemente Sage Amphispiza belli clementeae T California Bird
207

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Towhee, Inyo Brown Pipilo crissalis eremophilus T California Bird

Cypress, Santa Cruz Cupressus abramsiana E California Conf/cycds

Cypress, Gowen

Cupressus goveniana ssp. 

goveniana T California Conf/cycds

Crayfish, Shasta Pacifastacus fortis E California Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, 

Conservancy Fairy Branchinecta conservatio E California Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, 

Longhorn Branchinecta longiantenna E California Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, 

Riverside Streptocephalus woottoni E California Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, San 

Diego

Branchinecta 

sandiegonensis E California Crustacean

Shrimp, California 

Freshwater Syncaris pacifica E California Crustacean

Tadpole Shrimp, 

Vernal Pool Lepidurus packardi E California Crustacean

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal 

Pool Branchinecta lynchi T California Crustacean

Allocarya, Calistoga Plagiobothrys strictus E California Dicot

Ambrosia, San Diego Ambrosia pumila E California Dicot

Barberry, Island

Berberis pinnata ssp. 

insularis E California Dicot

Barberry, Nevin's Berberis nevinii E California Dicot

Bedstraw, El Dorado

Galium californicum ssp. 

sierrae E California Dicot

Bedstraw, Island Galium buxifolium E California Dicot

Bird's-beak, Palmatebracted Cordylanthus palmatus E California Dicot

Bird's-beak, Pennell's

Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. 

capillaris E California Dicot

Bird's-beak, salt marsh

Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. 

maritimus E California Dicot

Bird's-beak, Soft

Cordylanthus mollis ssp. 

mollis E California Dicot
208

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Bladderpod, San 

Bernardino Mountains

Lesquerella kingii ssp. 

bernardina E California Dicot

Broom, San Clemente 

Island

Lotus dendroideus ssp. 

traskiae E California Dicot

Buckwheat, 

Cushenbury

Eriogonum ovalifolium var. 

vineum E California Dicot

Buckwheat, Ione (incl. 

Irish Hill)

Eriogonum apricum (incl. 

var. prostratum) E California Dicot

Bush-mallow, San 

Clemente Island Malacothamnus clementinus E California Dicot

Bush-mallow, Santa 

Cruz Island

Malacothamnus fasciculatus 

var. nesioticus E California Dicot

Button-celery, San 

Diego

Eryngium aristulatum var. 

parishii E California Dicot

Cactus, Bakersfield Opuntia treleasei E California Dicot

Ceanothus, Coyote Ceanothus ferrisae E California Dicot

Ceanothus, Pine Hill Ceanothus roderickii E California Dicot

Checker-mallow, 

Keck's Sidalcea keckii E California Dicot

Checker-mallow, 

Kenwood Marsh Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida E California Dicot

Checker-mallow, 

Pedate Sidalcea pedata E California Dicot

Clarkia, Pismo

Clarkia speciosa ssp. 

immaculata E California Dicot

Clarkia, Presidio Clarkia franciscana E California Dicot

Clarkia, Vine Hill Clarkia imbricata E California Dicot

Clover, Monterey Trifolium trichocalyx E California Dicot

Clover, Showy Indian Trifolium amoenum E California Dicot

Coyote-thistle, Loch 

Lomond Eryngium constancei E California Dicot

Crownscale, San 

Jacinto Valley

Atriplex coronata var. 

notatior E California Dicot
209

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Dudleya, Santa Clara 

Valley Dudleya setchellii E California Dicot

Evening-primrose, 

Antioch Dunes

Oenothera deltoides ssp. 

howellii E California Dicot

Evening-primrose, 

Eureka Valley

Oenothera avita ssp. 

eurekensis E California Dicot

Fiddleneck, Largeflowered Amsinckia grandiflora E California Dicot

Flannelbush, Mexican

Fremontodendron 

mexicanum E California Dicot

Flannelbush, Pine Hill

Fremontodendron 

californicum ssp. decumbens E California Dicot

Fringepod, Santa Cruz 

Island

Thysanocarpus 

conchuliferus E California Dicot

Gilia, Hoffmann's 

Slender-flowered

Gilia tenuiflora ssp. 

hoffmannii E California Dicot

Gilia, Monterey

Gilia tenuiflora ssp. 

arenaria E California Dicot

Golden Sunburst, 

Hartweg's Pseudobahia bahiifolia E California Dicot

Goldfields, Burke's Lasthenia burkei E California Dicot

Goldfields, Contra 

Costa Lasthenia conjugens E California Dicot

Grass, Hairy Orcutt Orcuttia pilosa E California Dicot

Grass, Sacramento 

Orcutt Orcuttia viscida E California Dicot

Jewelflower, 

California Caulanthus californicus E California Dicot

Jewelflower, Metcalf 

Canyon

Streptanthus albidus ssp. 

albidus E California Dicot

Jewelflower, Tiburon Streptanthus niger E California Dicot

Larkspur, Baker's Delphinium bakeri E California Dicot

Larkspur, San 

Clemente Island

Delphinium variegatum ssp. 

kinkiense E California Dicot

Larkspur, Yellow Delphinium luteum E California Dicot

Layia, Beach Layia carnosa E California Dicot
210

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Lessingia, San 

Francisco

Lessingia germanorum 

(=L.g. var. germanorum) E California Dicot

Liveforever, Santa 

Barbara Island Dudleya traskiae E California Dicot

Lupine, Clover Lupinus tidestromii E California Dicot

Lupine, Nipomo Mesa Lupinus nipomensis E California Dicot

Malacothrix, Island Malacothrix squalida E California Dicot

Malacothrix, Santa 

Cruz Island Malacothrix indecora E California Dicot

Mallow, Kern Eremalche kernensis E California Dicot

Manzanita, Del Mar

Arctostaphylos glandulosa 

ssp. crassifolia E California Dicot

Manzanita, Santa Rosa 

Island Arctostaphylos confertiflora E California Dicot

Meadowfoam, Butte 

County

Limnanthes floccosa ssp. 

californica E California Dicot

Meadowfoam, 

Sebastopol Limnanthes vinculans E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, 

Applegate's Astragalus applegatei E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, Braunton's Astragalus brauntonii E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, Clara 

Hunt's Astragalus clarianus E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, Coachella 

Valley

Astragalus lentiginosus var. 

coachellae E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, Coastal 

Dunes Astragalus tener var. titi E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, 

Cushenbury Astragalus albens E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, Lane 

Mountain Astragalus jaegerianus E California Dicot

Milk-vetch, Tripleribbed Astragalus tricarinatus E California Dicot
211

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Milk-vetch, Ventura 

Marsh

Astragalus pycnostachyus 

var. lanosissimus E California Dicot

Mint, Otay Mesa Pogogyne nudiuscula E California Dicot

Mint, San Diego Mesa Pogogyne abramsii E California Dicot

Monardella, Willowy

Monardella linoides ssp. 

viminea E California Dicot

Morning-glory, 

Stebbins Calystegia stebbinsii E California Dicot

Mountainbalm, Indian 

Knob Eriodictyon altissimum E California Dicot

Mountain-mahogany, 

Catalina Island Cercocarpus traskiae E California Dicot

Mustard, Slenderpetaled Thelypodium stenopetalum E California Dicot

Navarretia, FewfloweredNavarretia leucocephala 

ssp. Pauciflora E California Dicot

Navarretia, ManyfloweredNavarretia leucocephala 

ssp. plieantha E California Dicot

Niterwort, Amargosa Nitrophila mohavensis E California Dicot

Oxytheca, Cushenbury

Oxytheca parishii var. 

goodmaniana E California Dicot

Paintbrush, San 

Clemente Island Indian Castilleja grisea E California Dicot

Paintbrush, Softleaved Castilleja mollis E California Dicot

Paintbrush, Tiburon

Castilleja affinis ssp. 

neglecta E California Dicot

Penny-cress, Kneeland 

Prairie Thlaspi californicum E California Dicot

Pentachaeta, Lyon's Pentachaeta lyonii E California Dicot

Pentachaeta, Whiterayed Pentachaeta bellidiflora E California Dicot
212

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Phacelia, Island

Phacelia insularis ssp. 

insularis E California Dicot

Phlox, Yreka Phlox hirsuta E California Dicot

Polygonum, Scott's 

Valley Polygonum hickmanii E California Dicot

Potentilla, Hickman's Potentilla hickmanii E California Dicot

Rock-cress, 

Hoffmann's Arabis hoffmannii E California Dicot

Rock-cress, 

McDonald's Arabis mcdonaldiana E California Dicot

Rock-cress, Santa 

Cruz Island Sibara filifolia E California Dicot

San Francisco 

manzanita Arctostaphylos franciscana E California Dicot

Sandwort, Marsh Arenaria paludicola E California Dicot

Sea-blite, California Suaeda californica E California Dicot

Spineflower, Ben 

Lomond

Chorizanthe pungens var. 

hartwegiana E California Dicot

Spineflower, Howell's Chorizanthe howellii E California Dicot

Spineflower, Orcutt's Chorizanthe orcuttiana E California Dicot

Spineflower, Robust

Chorizanthe robusta va r. 

robusta E California Dicot

Spineflower, Scotts 

Valley

Chorizanthe robusta var. 

hartwegii E California Dicot

Spineflower, Slenderhorned Dodecahema leptoceras E California Dicot

Spineflower, Sonoma Chorizanthe valida E California Dicot

Stickyseed, Baker's Blennosperma bakeri E California Dicot

Stonecrop, Lake 

County Parvisedum leiocarpum E California Dicot

Sunflower, San Mateo 

Woolly Eriophyllum latilobum E California Dicot

Taraxacum, California Taraxacum californicum E California Dicot
213

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Tarplant, Gaviota

Deinandra increscens ssp. 

villosa E California Dicot

Thistle, Chorro creek 

Bog

Cirsium fontinale var. 

obispoense E California Dicot

Thistle, Fountain

Cirsium fontinale var. 

fontinale E California Dicot

Thistle, La Graciosa Cirsium loncholepis E California Dicot

Thistle, Suisun

Cirsium hydrophilum var. 

hydrophilum E California Dicot

Thornmint, San Mateo

Acanthomintha obovata ssp. 

duttonii E California Dicot

Tuctoria, Green's Tuctoria greenei E California Dicot

Wallflower, Ben 

Lomond Erysimum teretifolium E California Dicot

Wallflower, Contra 

Costa

Erysimum capitatum var. 

angustatum E California Dicot

Wallflower, Menzie's Erysimum menziesii E California Dicot

Watercress, Gambel's Rorippa gambellii E California Dicot

Woodland-star, San 

Clemente Island Lithophragma maximum E California Dicot

Woolly-star, Santa 

Ana River

Eriastrum densifolium ssp. 

sanctorum E California Dicot

Woolly-threads, San 

Joaquin

Monolopia (=Lembertia) 

congdonii E California Dicot

Yerba Santa, Lompoc Eriodictyon capitatum E California Dicot

Adobe Sunburst, San 

Joaquin Pseudobahia peirsonii T California Dicot

Baccharis, Encinitas Baccharis vanessae T California Dicot

Bluecurls, Hidden 

Lake

Trichostema

austromontanum ssp. 

compactum T California Dicot

Buckwheat, Southern 

Mountain Wild

Eriogonum kennedyi var. 

austromontanum T California Dicot
214

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Butterweed, Layne's Senecio layneae T California Dicot

Ceanothus, Vail Lake Ceanothus ophiochilus T California Dicot

Centaury, Springloving Centaurium namophilum T California Dicot

Clarkia, Springville Clarkia springvillensis T California Dicot

Clover, Fleshy Owl's

Castilleja campestris ssp. 

succulenta T California Dicot

Crownbeard, Bigleaved Verbesina dissita T California Dicot

Daisy, Parish's Erigeron parishii T California Dicot

Dudleya, Conejo Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva T California Dicot

Dudleya, Marcescent

Dudleya cymosa ssp. 

marcescens T California Dicot

Dudleya, Santa Cruz 

Island Dudleya nesiotica T California Dicot

Dudleya, Santa 

Monica Mountains

Dudleya cymosa ssp. 

ovatifolia T California Dicot

Dudleya, Verity's Dudleya verityi T California Dicot

Dwarf-flax, Marin Hesperolinon congestum T California Dicot

Evening-primrose, San 

Benito Camissonia benitensis T California Dicot

Grass, Slender Orcutt Orcuttia tenuis T California Dicot

Gumplant, Ash 

Meadows Grindelia fraxino-pratensis T California Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T California Dicot

Liveforever, Laguna 

Beach Dudleya stolonifera T California Dicot

Manzanita, Ione Arctostaphylos myrtifolia T California Dicot

Manzanita, Morro Arctostaphylos morroensis T California Dicot

Manzanita, Pallid Arctostaphylos pallida T California Dicot
215

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Milk-vetch, Fish 

Slough

Astragalus lentiginosus var. 

piscinensis T California Dicot

Milk-vetch, Pierson's

Astragalus magdalenae var. 

peirsonii T California Dicot

Navarretia, Spreading Navarretia fossalis T California Dicot

Paintbrush, Ash-grey 

Indian Castilleja cinerea T California Dicot

Pussypaws, Mariposa Calyptridium pulchellum T California Dicot

Rush-rose, Island Helianthemum greenei T California Dicot

Sandwort, Bear Valley Arenaria ursina T California Dicot

Spineflower, Monterey

Chorizanthe pungens var. 

pungens T California Dicot

Spurge, Hoover's Chamaesyce hooveri T California Dicot

Tarplant, Otay

Deinandra (=Hemizonia) 

conjugens T California Dicot

Tarplant, Santa Cruz Holocarpha macradenia T California Dicot

Thornmint, San Diego Acanthomintha ilicifolia T California Dicot

Vervain, California Verbena californica T California Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E California Fish

Chub, Mohave Tui Gila bicolor mohavensis E California Fish

Chub, Owens Tui Gila bicolor snyderi E California Fish

Goby, Tidewater Eucyclogobius newberryi E California Fish

Pupfish, Desert Cyprinodon macularius E California Fish

Pupfish, Owens Cyprinodon radiosus E California Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E California Fish
216

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Stickleback, 

Unarmored Threespine

Gasterosteus aculeatus 

williamsoni E California Fish

Sucker, Lost River Deltistes luxatus E California Fish

Sucker, Modoc Catostomus microps E California Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E California Fish

Sucker, Shortnose Chasmistes brevirostris E California Fish

Salmon, Chinook

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

tshawytscha E/T California Fish

Salmon, Coho

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

kisutch E/T California Fish

Steelhead

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

mykiss E/T California Fish

Smelt, Delta Hypomesus transpacificus T California Fish

Sturgeon, North 

American green Acipenser medirostris T California Fish

Sucker, Santa Ana Catostomus santaanae T California Fish

Trout, Lahontan 

Cutthroat

Oncorhynchus clarki 

henshawi T California Fish

Trout, Little Kern

Golden

Oncorhynchus aguabonita 

whitei T California Fish

Trout, Paiute Cutthroat

Oncorhynchus clarki 

seleniris T California Fish

Abalone, Black Haliotis cracherodii E California Gastropod

Abalone, White Haliotis sorenseni E California Gastropod

Snail, Morro 

Shoulderband Helminthoglypta walkeriana E California Gastropod

Beetle, Casey's June Dinacoma caseyi E California Insect

Beetle, Mount Hermon 

June Polyphylla barbata E California Insect

Beetle, Ohlone Tiger Cicindela ohlone E California Insect

Butterfly, Behren's 

Silverspot Speyeria zerene behrensii E California Insect

Butterfly, Callippe 

Silverspot Speyeria callippe callippe E California Insect
217

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Butterfly, El Segundo 

Blue Euphilotes battoides allyni E California Insect

Butterfly, Lange's 

Metalmark Apodemia mormo langei E California Insect

Butterfly, Lotis Blue

Lycaeides argyrognomon 

lotis E California Insect

Butterfly, Mission 

Blue

Icaricia icarioides 

missionensis E California Insect

Butterfly, Myrtle's 

Silverspot Speyeria zerene myrtleae E California Insect

Butterfly, Palos 

Verdes Blue

Glaucopsyche lygdamus 

palosverdesensis E California Insect

Butterfly, Quino 

Checkerspot

Euphydryas editha quino 

(=E. e. wrighti) E California Insect

Butterfly, San Bruno 

Elfin Callophrys mossii bayensis E California Insect

Butterfly, Smith's Blue Euphilotes enoptes smithi E California Insect

Fly, Delhi Sands 

Flower-loving

Rhaphiomidas terminatus 

abdominalis E California Insect

Grasshopper, Zayante 

Band-winged Trimerotropis infantilis E California Insect

Skipper, Carson 

Wandering

Pseudocopaeodes eunus 

obscurus E California Insect

Skipper, Laguna 

Mountain Pyrgus ruralis lagunae E California Insect

Beetle, Delta Green 

Ground Elaphrus viridis T California Insect

Beetle, Valley 

Elderberry Longhorn

Desmocerus californicus 

dimorphus T California Insect

Butterfly, Bay 

Checkerspot (Wright's 

euphydryas) Euphydryas editha bayensis T California Insect

Butterfly, Oregon 

Silverspot Speyeria zerene hippolyta T California Insect
218

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Moth, Kern Primrose 

Sphinx Euproserpinus euterpe T California Insect

Fox, San Joaquin Kit Vulpes macrotis mutica E California Mammal

Fox, San Miguel 

Island Urocyon littoralis littoralis E California Mammal

Fox, Santa Catalina 

Island Urocyon littoralis catalinae E California Mammal

Fox, Santa Cruz Island

Urocyon littoralis 

santacruzae E California Mammal

Fox, Santa Rosa Island

Urocyon littoralis 

santarosae E California Mammal

Jaguar Panthera onca E California Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Fresno Dipodomys nitratoides exilis E California Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Giant Dipodomys ingens E California Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Morro 

Bay

Dipodomys heermanni 

morroensis E California Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, San 

Bernardino Merriam's Dipodomys merriami parvus E California Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, 

Stephens'

Dipodomys stephensi (incl. 

D. cascus) E California Mammal

Kangaroo Rat, Tipton

Dipodomys nitratoides 

nitratoides E California Mammal

Mountain Beaver, 

Point Arena Aplodontia rufa nigra E California Mammal

Mouse, Pacific Pocket

Perognathus longimembris 

pacificus E California Mammal

Mouse, Salt Marsh 

Harvest Reithrodontomys raviventris E California Mammal

Rabbit, Riparian Brush

Sylvilagus bachmani 

riparius E California Mammal

Sheep, Peninsular 

Bighorn Ovis canadensis nelsoni E California Mammal

Sheep, Sierra Nevada 

Bighorn Ovis canadensis sierrae E California Mammal
219

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Shrew, Buena Vista 

Lake Ornate Sorex ornatus relictus E California Mammal

Vole, Amargosa

Microtus californicus 

scirpensis E California Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E California Mammal

Whale, Finback Balaenoptera physalus E California Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E California Mammal

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae E California Mammal

Whale, North Atlantic 

right

Eubalaena glacialis (incl. 

australis) E California Mammal

Whale, Sei Balaenoptera borealis E California Mammal

Whale, Sperm

Physeter catodon 

(=macrocephalus) E California Mammal

Woodrat, Riparian Neotoma fuscipes riparia E California Mammal

Sea-lion, Steller Eumetopias jubatus E/T California Mammal

Otter, Southern Sea Enhydra lutris nereis T California Mammal

Seal, Guadalupe Fur Arctocephalus townsendi T California Mammal

Alopecurus, Sonoma

Alopecurus aequalis var. 

sonomensis E California Monocot

Bluegrass, Napa Poa napensis E California Monocot

Bluegrass, San 

Bernardino Poa atropurpurea E California Monocot

Grass, California 

Orcutt Orcuttia californica E California Monocot

Grass, Eureka Dune Swallenia alexandrae E California Monocot

Grass, Solano Tuctoria mucronata E California Monocot

Lily, Pitkin Marsh

Lilium pardalinum ssp. 

pitkinense E California Monocot

Lily, Western Lilium occidentale E California Monocot

Onion, Munz's Allium munzii E California Monocot

Piperia, Yadon's Piperia yadonii E California Monocot
220

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sedge, White Carex albida E California Monocot

Amole, Cammatta 

Canyon

Chlorogalum purpureum 

var. reductum T California Monocot

Amole, Purple

Chlorogalum purpureum 

var. purpureum T California Monocot

Brodiaea, Chinese 

Camp Brodiaea pallida T California Monocot

Brodiaea, Threadleaved Brodiaea filifolia T California Monocot

Grass, Colusa Neostapfia colusana T California Monocot

Grass, San Joaquin 

Valley Orcutt Orcuttia inaequalis T California Monocot

Lily, Tiburon 

Mariposa Calochortus tiburonensis T California Monocot

Lizard, Blunt-nosed 

Leopard Gambelia silus E California Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E California Reptile

Snake, San Francisco 

Garter

Thamnophis sirtalis 

tetrataenia E California Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T California Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T California Reptile

Lizard, Coachella 

Valley Fringe-toed Uma inornata T California Reptile

Lizard, Island Night Xantusia riversiana T California Reptile

Sea turtle, olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea T California Reptile

Snake, Giant Garter Thamnophis gigas T California Reptile

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T California Reptile

Whipsnake (=Striped 

Racer), Alameda

Masticophis lateralis 

euryxanthus T California Reptile

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Colorado Bird

Flycatcher, 

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus E Colorado Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Colorado Bird
221

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Colorado Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Colorado Bird

Beardtongue, Penland Penstemon penlandii E Colorado Dicot

Cactus, Knowlton Pediocactus knowltonii E Colorado Dicot

Milk-vetch, Mancos Astragalus humillimus E Colorado Dicot

Milk-vetch, Osterhout Astragalus osterhoutii E Colorado Dicot

Pagosa Skyrocket Ipomopsis polyantha E Colorado Dicot

Phacelia, North Park Phacelia formosula E Colorado Dicot

Wild-buckwheat, 

Clay-loving Eriogonum pelinophilum E Colorado Dicot

Bladderpod, Dudley 

Bluffs Lesquerella congesta T Colorado Dicot

Butterfly Plant, 

Colorado

Gaura neomexicana var. 

coloradensis T Colorado Dicot

Cactus, Colorado 

hookless Sclerocactus glaucus T Colorado Dicot

Cactus, Mesa Verde Sclerocactus mesae-verdae T Colorado Dicot

DeBeque phacelia Phacelia submutica T Colorado Dicot

Mustard, Penland 

Alpine Fen Eutrema penlandii T Colorado Dicot

Parachute Beardtongue Penstemon debilis T Colorado Dicot

Twinpod, Dudley 

Bluffs Physaria obcordata T Colorado Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Colorado Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Colorado Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Colorado Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Colorado Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Colorado Fish

Trout, Greenback 

Cutthroat

Oncorhynchus clarki 

stomias T Colorado Fish
222

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Butterfly, 

Uncompahgre 

Fritillary Boloria acrocnema E Colorado Insect

Skipper, Pawnee 

Montane Hesperia leonardus montana T Colorado Insect

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Colorado Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Colorado Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Colorado Mammal

Mouse, Preble's 

Meadow Jumping Zapus hudsonius preblei T Colorado Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Colorado Monocot

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Connecticut Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Connecticut Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Connecticut Bivalve

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Connecticut Dicot

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Connecticut Dicot

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Connecticut Fish

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana T Connecticut Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Connecticut Mammal

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Connecticut Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Connecticut Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Connecticut Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Connecticut Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Connecticut Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Connecticut Reptile
223

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Connecticut Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Delaware Bird

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E Delaware Dicot

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Delaware Dicot

Sucker, Shortnose Chasmistes brevirostris E Delaware Fish

Squirrel, Delmarva 

Peninsula Fox Sciurus niger cinereus E Delaware Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Delaware Mammal

Whale, Finback Balaenoptera physalus E Delaware Mammal

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae E Delaware Mammal

Whale, North Atlantic 

right

Eubalaena glacialis (incl. 

australis) E Delaware Mammal

Beaked-rush, 

Knieskern's Rhynchospora knieskernii T Delaware Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Delaware Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Delaware Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Delaware Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Delaware Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Delaware Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Delaware Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Delaware Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Delaware Reptile

Salamander, 

Reticulated flatwoods Ambystoma bishopi E Florida Amphibian
224

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Salamander, Frosted 

Flatwoods Ambystoma cingulatum T Florida Amphibian

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Florida Bird

Kite, Everglades Snail

Rostrhamus sociabilis 

plumbeus E Florida Bird

Sparrow, Cape Sable 

Seaside

Ammodramus maritimus 

mirabilis E Florida Bird

Sparrow, Florida 

Grasshopper

Ammodramus savannarum 

floridanus E Florida Bird

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Florida Bird

Warbler (=Wood), 

Kirtland's Dendroica kirtlandii E Florida Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Florida Bird

Woodpecker, Ivorybilled Campephilus principalis E Florida Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Florida Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Florida Bird

Caracara, Audubon's 

Crested

Polyborus plancus 

audubonii T Florida Bird

Scrub-Jay, Florida Aphelocoma coerulescens T Florida Bird

Choctaw Bean Villosa choctawensis E Florida Bivalve

Mussel, Fat Threeridge Amblema neislerii E Florida Bivalve

Mussel, Gulf 

Moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus E Florida Bivalve

Mussel, Ochlockonee 

Moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus E Florida Bivalve

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E Florida Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny-rayed 

Pocketbook Lampsilis subangulata E Florida Bivalve

Round Ebonyshell Fusconaia rotulata E Florida Bivalve

Southern Kidneyshell Ptychobranchus jonesi E Florida Bivalve

Bankclimber, Purple Elliptoideus sloatianus T Florida Bivalve
225

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

fuzzy pigtoe Pleurobema strodeanum T Florida Bivalve

Narrow Pigtoe Fusconaia escambia T Florida Bivalve

Slabshell, Chipola Elliptio chipolaensis T Florida Bivalve

Southern Sandshell Hamiota australis T Florida Bivalve

Tapered Pigtoe Fusconaia burkei T Florida Bivalve

Torreya, Florida Torreya taxifolia E Florida Conf/cycds

Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata T Florida Coral

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis T Florida Coral

Shrimp, Squirrel 

Chimney Cave Palaemonetes cummingi T Florida Crustacean

Aster, Florida Golden Chrysopsis floridana E Florida Dicot

Bellflower, 

Brooksville Campanula robinsiae E Florida Dicot

Blazing Star, Scrub Liatris ohlingerae E Florida Dicot

Campion, Fringed Silene polypetala E Florida Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Florida Dicot

Fringe Tree, Pygmy Chionanthus pygmaeus E Florida Dicot

Gourd, Okeechobee

Cucurbita okeechobeensis 

ssp. okeechobeensis E Florida Dicot

Harebells, Avon Park Crotalaria avonensis E Florida Dicot

Hypericum, Highlands 

Scrub Hypericum cumulicola E Florida Dicot

Jacquemontia, Beach Jacquemontia reclinata E Florida Dicot

Lead-plant, Crenulate Amorpha crenulata E Florida Dicot

Lupine, Scrub Lupinus aridorum E Florida Dicot

Meadowrue, Cooley's Thalictrum cooleyi E Florida Dicot

Milkpea, Small's Galactia smallii E Florida Dicot

Mint, Garrett's Dicerandra christmanii E Florida Dicot
226

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Mint, Lakela's Dicerandra immaculata E Florida Dicot

Mint, Longspurred Dicerandra cornutissima E Florida Dicot

Mint, Scrub Dicerandra frutescens E Florida Dicot

Mustard, Carter's Warea carteri E Florida Dicot

Pawpaw, Beautiful Deeringothamnus pulchellus E Florida Dicot

Pawpaw, Four-petal Asimina tetramera E Florida Dicot

Pawpaw, Rugel's Deeringothamnus rugelii E Florida Dicot

Pinkroot, Gentian Spigelia gentianoides E Florida Dicot

Plum, Scrub Prunus geniculata E Florida Dicot

Polygala, Lewton's Polygala lewtonii E Florida Dicot

Polygala, Tiny Polygala smallii E Florida Dicot

Prickly-apple, Fragrant

Cereus eriophorus var. 

fragrans E Florida Dicot

Rhododendron, 

Chapman Rhododendron chapmanii E Florida Dicot

Rosemary, 

Apalachicola Conradina glabra E Florida Dicot

Rosemary, Etonia Conradina etonia E Florida Dicot

Rosemary, Shortleaved Conradina brevifolia E Florida Dicot

Sandlace Polygonella myriophylla E Florida Dicot

Snakeroot Eryngium cuneifolium E Florida Dicot

Spurge, Deltoid

Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. 

deltoidea E Florida Dicot

Warea, Wide-leaf Warea amplexifolia E Florida Dicot

Water-willow, 

Cooley's Justicia cooleyi E Florida Dicot

Wireweed Polygonella basiramia E Florida Dicot

Ziziphus, Florida Ziziphus celata E Florida Dicot
227

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Birds-in-a-nest, White Macbridea alba T Florida Dicot

Bonamia, Florida Bonamia grandiflora T Florida Dicot

Buckwheat, Scrub

Eriogonum longifolium var. 

gnaphalifolium T Florida Dicot

Butterwort, Godfrey's Pinguicula ionantha T Florida Dicot

Gooseberry, 

Miccosukee Ribes echinellum T Florida Dicot

Skullcap, Florida Scutellaria floridana T Florida Dicot

Spurge, Garber's Chamaesyce garberi T Florida Dicot

Spurge, Telephus Euphorbia telephioides T Florida Dicot

Whitlow-wort, Papery Paronychia chartacea T Florida Dicot

Wings, Pigeon Clitoria fragrans T Florida Dicot

Darter, Okaloosa Etheostoma okaloosae E Florida Fish

Sawfish, Smalltooth Pristis pectinata E Florida Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Florida Fish

Sturgeon, Gulf

Acipenser oxyrinchus 

desotoi T Florida Fish

Butterfly, Miami Blue

Cyclargus thomasi 

bethunebakeri E Florida Insect

Cladonia, Florida 

Perforate Cladonia perforata E Florida Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Florida Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Florida Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Florida Mammal

Mouse, Anastasia 

Island Beach

Peromyscus polionotus 

phasma E Florida Mammal

Mouse, 

Choctawhatchee 

Beach

Peromyscus polionotus 

allophrys E Florida Mammal

Mouse, Perdido Key 

Beach

Peromyscus polionotus 

trissyllepsis E Florida Mammal
228

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Mouse, St. Andrew 

Beach

Peromyscus polionotus 

peninsularis E Florida Mammal

Panther, Florida

Puma (=Felis) concolor 

coryi E Florida Mammal

Puma (=Cougar), 

Eastern

Puma (=Felis) concolor (all 

subsp. except coryi) E Florida Mammal

Vole, Florida Salt 

Marsh

Microtus pennsylvanicus 

dukecampbelli E Florida Mammal

Mouse, Southeastern 

Beach

Peromyscus polionotus 

niveiventris T Florida Mammal

Beargrass, Britton's Nolina brittoniana E Florida Monocot

Beauty, Harper's Harperocallis flava E Florida Monocot

Seagrass, Johnson's Halophila johnsonii T Florida Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Florida Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Florida Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Florida Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Florida Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Florida Reptile

Alligator, American Alligator mississippiensis T Florida Reptile

Crocodile, American Crocodylus acutus T Florida Reptile

Skink, Blue-tailed 

Mole Eumeces egregius lividus T Florida Reptile

Skink, Sand Neoseps reynoldsi T Florida Reptile

Snake, Atlantic Salt 

Marsh Nerodia clarkii taeniata T Florida Reptile

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Florida Reptile

Salamander, 

Reticulated flatwoods Ambystoma bishopi E Georgia Amphibian
229

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Salamander, Frosted 

Flatwoods Ambystoma cingulatum T Georgia Amphibian

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Georgia Bird

Warbler (=Wood), 

Kirtland's Dendroica kirtlandii E Georgia Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Georgia Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Georgia Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Georgia Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Georgia Bird

Combshell, Upland Epioblasma metastriata E Georgia Bivalve

Kidneyshell, 

Triangular Ptychobranchus greenii E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Acornshell 

Southern Epioblasma othcaloogensis E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Coosa 

Moccasinshell Medionidus parvulus E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Fat Threeridge Amblema neislerii E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Georgia 

pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Gulf 

Moccasinshell Medionidus penicillatus E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Ochlockonee 

Moccasinshell Medionidus simpsonianus E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Pleurobema pyriforme E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate 

Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny-rayed 

Pocketbook Lampsilis subangulata E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Southern 

Clubshell Pleurobema decisum E Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Southern 

Pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E Georgia Bivalve

Spinymussel, 

Altamaha Elliptio spinosa E Georgia Bivalve
230

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Bankclimber, Purple Elliptoideus sloatianus T Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama 

Moccasinshell Medionidus acutissimus T Georgia Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-lined 

Pocketbook Lampsilis altilis T Georgia Bivalve

Torreya, Florida Torreya taxifolia E Georgia Conf/cycds

Campion, Fringed Silene polypetala E Georgia Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Georgia Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E Georgia Dicot

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E Georgia Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Georgia Dicot

Leather-flower, 

Alabama Clematis socialis E Georgia Dicot

Meadowrue, Cooley's Thalictrum cooleyi E Georgia Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E Georgia Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Georgia Dicot

Rattleweed, Hairy Baptisia arachnifera E Georgia Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E Georgia Dicot

Amphianthus, Little Amphianthus pusillus T Georgia Dicot

Barbara Buttons, 

Mohr's Marshallia mohrii T Georgia Dicot

Skullcap, Largeflowered Scutellaria montana T Georgia Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Georgia Dicot

Quillwort, Blackspored Isoetes melanospora E Georgia Ferns

Quillwort, Matforming Isoetes tegetiformans E Georgia Ferns

Darter, Amber Percina antesella E Georgia Fish

Darter, Etowah Etheostoma etowahae E Georgia Fish

Logperch, Conasauga Percina jenkinsi E Georgia Fish
231

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Georgia Fish

Darter, Cherokee Etheostoma scotti T Georgia Fish

Darter, Goldline Percina aurolineata T Georgia Fish

Darter, Snail Percina tanasi T Georgia Fish

Shiner, Blue Cyprinella caerulea T Georgia Fish

Hornsnail, rough Pleurocera foremani E Georgia Gastropod

Rocksnail, interrupted Leptoxis foremani E Georgia Gastropod

Snail, Lioplax 

Cylindrical Lioplax cyclostomaformis E Georgia Gastropod

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E Georgia Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Georgia Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Georgia Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Georgia Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Georgia Mammal

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae E Georgia Mammal

Whale, North Atlantic 

right

Eubalaena glacialis (incl. 

australis) E Georgia Mammal

Grass, Tennessee 

Yellow-eyed Xyris tennesseensis E Georgia Monocot

Trillium, Persistent Trillium persistens E Georgia Monocot

Trillium, Relict Trillium reliquum E Georgia Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Georgia Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Georgia Monocot

Water-plantain, Kral's Sagittaria secundifolia T Georgia Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Georgia Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Georgia Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Georgia Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Georgia Reptile
232

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Georgia Reptile

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Georgia Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Georgia Reptile

Crow, Mariana Corvus kubaryi E Guam Bird

Kingfisher, Guam 

Micronesian

Halcyon cinnamomina 

cinnamomina E Guam Bird

Moorhen, Mariana 

Common Gallinula chloropus guami E Guam Bird

Rail, Guam Rallus owstoni E Guam Bird

White-eye, Bridled 

(Nossa)

Zosterops conspicillatus 

conspicillatus E Guam Bird

Hayun Lagu (Tronkon 

Guafi) Serianthes nelsonii E Guam Dicot

Bat, Little Mariana 

Fruit Pteropus tokudae E Guam Mammal

Bat, Mariana Fruit 

(=Mariana Flying Fox)

Pteropus mariannus 

mariannus T Guam Mammal

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Guam Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Guam Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Guam Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Guam Reptile

Spider, Kauai Cave 

Wolf Adelocosa anops E Hawaii Arachnid

Akekee Loxops caeruleirostris E Hawaii Bird

'Akepa, Hawaii Loxops coccineus coccineus E Hawaii Bird

'Akepa, Maui Loxops coccineus ochraceus E Hawaii Bird

'Akia Loa, Kauai 

(Hemignathus 

procerus) Hemignathus procerus E Hawaii Bird
233

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

'Akia Pola'au 

(Hemignathus munroi) Hemignathus munroi E Hawaii Bird

Coot, Hawaiian (=Alae 

keo keo) Fulica americana alai E Hawaii Bird

Creeper, Hawaii Oreomystis mana E Hawaii Bird

Creeper, Oahu 

(Alauwahio) Paroreomyza maculata E Hawaii Bird

Crow, Hawaiian 

('Alala) Corvus hawaiiensis E Hawaii Bird

Duck, Hawaiian 

(Koloa) Anas wyvilliana E Hawaii Bird

Elepaio, Oahu

Chasiempis sandwichensis 

ibidis E Hawaii Bird

Goose, Hawaiian 

(Nene)

Branta (=Nesochen) 

sandvicensis E Hawaii Bird

Hawk, Hawaiian (Io) Buteo solitarius E Hawaii Bird

Honeycreeper, Crested 

('Akohekohe) Palmeria dolei E Hawaii Bird

Kauai creeper Oreomystis bairdi E Hawaii Bird

Moorhen, Hawaiian 

Common

Gallinula chloropus 

sandvicensis E Hawaii Bird

Nuku Pu'u, Kauai

Hemignathus lucidus 

hanapepe E Hawaii Bird

Nuku Pu'u, Maui Hemignathus lucidus affinus E Hawaii Bird

'O'o, Kauai (='A'a) Moho braccatus E Hawaii Bird

'O'u (Honeycreeper) Psittirostra psittacea E Hawaii Bird

Palila Loxioides bailleui E Hawaii Bird

Parrotbill, Maui Pseudonestor xanthophrys E Hawaii Bird

Petrel, Hawaiian DarkrumpedPterodroma phaeopygia 

sandwichensis E Hawaii Bird

Po'ouli Melamprosops phaeosoma E Hawaii Bird

Stilt, Hawaiian (=Ae'o)

Himantopus mexicanus 

knudseni E Hawaii Bird
234

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Swiftlet, Mariana Gray 

(=Vanikoro)

Aerodramus vanikorensis 

bartschi E Hawaii Bird

Thrush, Large Kauai Myadestes myadestinus E Hawaii Bird

Thrush, Small Kauai 

(Puaiohi) Myadestes palmeri E Hawaii Bird

Shearwater, Newell's 

Townsend's Puffinus auricularis newelli T Hawaii Bird

Amphipod, Kauai 

Cave Spelaeorchestia koloana E Hawaii Crustacean

(ncn) Cyanea kolekoleensis E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn)

Keysseria (=Lagenifera) 

erici E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn)

Keysseria (=Lagenifera) 

helenae E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Lysimachia iniki E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Lysimachia pendens E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Lysimachia scopulensis E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Lysimachia venosa E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Phyllostegia hispida E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Phyllostegia renovans E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn)

Platydesma cornuta var. 

cornuta E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn)

Platydesma cornuta var. 

decurrens E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Schiedea attenuata E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Stenogyne kealiae E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Tetraplasandra bisattenuata E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Tetraplasandra flynnii E Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Tetraplasandra lydgatei E Hawaii Dicot

Abutilon sandwicense 

(ncn) Abutilon sandwicense E Hawaii Dicot
235

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Achyranthes mutica 

(ncn) Achyranthes mutica E Hawaii Dicot

Achyranthes splendens 

var. rotundata (ncn)

Achyranthes splendens var. 

rotundata E Hawaii Dicot

a'e Zanthoxylum oahuense E Hawaii Dicot

A'e (Zanthoxylum 

dipetalum var. 

tomentosum)

Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. 

tomentosum E Hawaii Dicot

A'e (Zanthoxylum 

hawaiiense) Zanthoxylum hawaiiense E Hawaii Dicot

'Aiea (Nothocestrum 

breviflorum) Nothocestrum breviflorum E Hawaii Dicot

'Aiea (Nothocestrum 

peltatum) Nothocestrum peltatum E Hawaii Dicot

Akoko

Chamaesyce remyi var. 

kauaiensis E Hawaii Dicot

'akoko Chamaesyce eleanoriae E Hawaii Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce 

celastroides var. 

kaenana)

Chamaesyce celastroides 

var. kaenana E Hawaii Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce 

deppeana) Chamaesyce deppeana E Hawaii Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce 

herbstii) Chamaesyce herbstii E Hawaii Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce 

kuwaleana) Chamaesyce kuwaleana E Hawaii Dicot

'Akoko (Chamaesyce 

rockii) Chamaesyce rockii E Hawaii Dicot
236

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

'Akoko (Chamaesyce 

skottsbergii var. 

skottsbe

Chamaesyce skottsbergii 

var. kalaeloana E Hawaii Dicot

'Akoko (Euphorbia 

haeleeleana) Euphorbia haeleeleana E Hawaii Dicot

alani Melicope christophersenii E Hawaii Dicot

alani Melicope degeneri E Hawaii Dicot

alani Melicope hiiakae E Hawaii Dicot

alani Melicope makahae E Hawaii Dicot

alani Melicope paniculata E Hawaii Dicot

alani Melicope puberula E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

adscendens) Melicope adscendens E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

balloui) Melicope balloui E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

haupuensis) Melicope haupuensis E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

knudsenii) Melicope knudsenii E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

lydgatei) Melicope lydgatei E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

mucronulata) Melicope mucronulata E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

ovalis) Melicope ovalis E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

pallida) Melicope pallida E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

quadrangularis) Melicope quadrangularis E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope saintjohnii) Melicope saint-johnii E Hawaii Dicot

Alani (Melicope 

zahlbruckneri) Melicope zahlbruckneri E Hawaii Dicot

Alsinidendron 

obovatum (ncn) Alsinidendron obovatum E Hawaii Dicot

Alsinidendron trinerve 

(ncn) Alsinidendron trinerve E Hawaii Dicot

Alsinidendron 

viscosum (ncn) Alsinidendron viscosum E Hawaii Dicot
237

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

'Anaunau (Lepidium 

arbuscula) Lepidium arbuscula E Hawaii Dicot

'Anunu (Sicyos alba) Sicyos alba E Hawaii Dicot

Aupaka (Isodendrion 

hosakae) Isodendrion hosakae E Hawaii Dicot

Aupaka (Isodendrion 

laurifolium) Isodendrion laurifolium E Hawaii Dicot

awikiwiki Canavalia napaliensis E Hawaii Dicot

'Awiwi (Centaurium 

sebaeoides) Centaurium sebaeoides E Hawaii Dicot

'Awiwi (Hedyotis 

cookiana) Hedyotis cookiana E Hawaii Dicot

Bonamia menziesii 

(ncn) Bonamia menziesii E Hawaii Dicot

Chamaesyce 

Halemanui (ncn) Chamaesyce halemanui E Hawaii Dicot

Cyanea undulata (ncn) Cyanea undulata E Hawaii Dicot

Delissea 

rhytodisperma (ncn) Delissea rhytidosperma E Hawaii Dicot

Dubautia latifolia 

(ncn) Dubautia latifolia E Hawaii Dicot

Dubautia pauciflorula 

(ncn) Dubautia pauciflorula E Hawaii Dicot

Geranium, Hawaiian 

Red-flowered Geranium arboreum E Hawaii Dicot

Gouania hillebrandii 

(ncn) Gouania hillebrandii E Hawaii Dicot

Gouania meyenii (ncn) Gouania meyenii E Hawaii Dicot

Gouania vitifolia (ncn) Gouania vitifolia E Hawaii Dicot

ha`iwale Cyrtandra kaulantha E Hawaii Dicot
238

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

ha`iwale Cyrtandra sessilis E Hawaii Dicot

Haha Cyanea calycina E Hawaii Dicot

Haha Cyanea dolichopoda E Hawaii Dicot

haha Cyanea eleeleensis E Hawaii Dicot

Haha Cyanea kuhihewa E Hawaii Dicot

Haha Cyanea lanceolata E Hawaii Dicot

haha Cyanea purpurellifolia E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

acuminata) Cyanea acuminata E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

asarifolia) Cyanea asarifolia E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

copelandii ssp. 

copelandii)

Cyanea copelandii ssp. 

copelandii E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

copelandii ssp. 

haleakalaensis)

Cyanea copelandii ssp. 

haleakalaensis E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea Crispa) 

(=Rollandia crispa) Cyanea (=Rollandia) crispa E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea glabra) Cyanea glabra E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

grimesiana ssp. 

grimesiana)

Cyanea grimesiana ssp. 

grimesiana E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

grimesiana ssp. 

obatae)

Cyanea grimesiana ssp. 

obatae E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

hamatiflora ssp. 

carlsonii)

Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. 

Carlsonii E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

hamatiflora ssp. 

hamatiflora)

Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. 

hamatiflora E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

humboldtiana) Cyanea humboldtiana E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

koolauensis) Cyanea koolauensis E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea lobata) Cyanea lobata E Hawaii Dicot
239

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Haha (Cyanea 

longiflora) Cyanea longiflora E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

mceldowneyi) Cyanea mceldowneyi E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

pinnatifida) Cyanea pinnatifida E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

platyphylla) Cyanea platyphylla E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea remyi) Cyanea remyi E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

shipmanii) Cyanea shipmannii E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

stictophylla) Cyanea stictophylla E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea StJohnii) (=Rollandia StJohnii) Cyanea st-johnii E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

superba) Cyanea superba E Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea 

truncata) Cyanea truncata E Hawaii Dicot

haiwale Cyrtandra gracilis E Hawaii Dicot

haiwale Cyrtandra paliku E Hawaii Dicot

haiwale Cyrtandra waiolani E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

crenata) Cyrtandra crenata E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

dentata) Cyrtandra dentata E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

giffardii) Cyrtandra giffardii E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

munroi) Cyrtandra munroi E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'iwale (Cyrtandra 

oenobarba) Cyrtandra oenobarba E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

polyantha) Cyrtandra polyantha E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

subumbellata) Cyrtandra subumbellata E Hawaii Dicot
240

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

tintinnabula) Cyrtandra tintinnabula E Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

viridiflora) Cyrtandra viridiflora E Hawaii Dicot

Haplostachys 

Haplostachya (ncn) Haplostachys haplostachya E Hawaii Dicot

Hau Kauhiwi 

(Hibiscadelphus 

woodi) Hibiscadelphus woodii E Hawaii Dicot

Hau Kuahiwi 

(Hibiscadelphus 

distans) Hibiscadelphus distans E Hawaii Dicot

Hau Kuahiwi 

(Hibiscadelphus 

giffardianus) Hibiscadelphus giffardianus E Hawaii Dicot

Hau Kuahiwi 

(Hibiscadelphus 

hualalaiensis)

Hibiscadelphus 

hualalaiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Heau (Exocarpos 

luteolus) Exocarpos luteolus E Hawaii Dicot

Hedyotis degeneri 

(ncn) Hedyotis degeneri E Hawaii Dicot

Hedyotis parvula (ncn) Hedyotis parvula E Hawaii Dicot

Hedyotis St.-Johnii 

(ncn) Hedyotis st.-johnii E Hawaii Dicot

Hesperomannia 

arborescens (ncn) Hesperomannia arborescens E Hawaii Dicot

Hesperomannia 

arbuscula (ncn) Hesperomannia arbuscula E Hawaii Dicot

Hesperomannia 

lydgatei (ncn) Hesperomannia lydgatei E Hawaii Dicot

Hibiscus, Clay's Hibiscus clayi E Hawaii Dicot

ho'awa Pittosporum napaliense E Hawaii Dicot

Holei (Ochrosia 

kilaueaensis) Ochrosia kilaueaensis E Hawaii Dicot

Iliau (Wilkesia hobdyi) Wilkesia hobdyi E Hawaii Dicot
241

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

kamakahala Labordia helleri E Hawaii Dicot

kamakahala Labordia pumila E Hawaii Dicot

Kamakahala (Labordia 

cyrtandrae) Labordia cyrtandrae E Hawaii Dicot

Kamakahala (Labordia 

lydgatei) Labordia lydgatei E Hawaii Dicot

Kamakahala (Labordia 

tinifolia var. 

wahiawaen)

Labordia tinifolia var. 

wahiawaensis E Hawaii Dicot

Kauila (Colubrina 

oppositifolia) Colubrina oppositifolia E Hawaii Dicot

kaulu Pteralyxia macrocarpa E Hawaii Dicot

Kaulu (Pteralyxia 

kauaiensis) Pteralyxia kauaiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Kio'Ele (Hedyotis 

coriacea) Hedyotis coriacea E Hawaii Dicot

Kiponapona 

(Phyllostegia 

racemosa) Phyllostegia racemosa E Hawaii Dicot

ko`oko`olau Bidens amplectens E Hawaii Dicot

Koki'o (Kokia 

drynarioides) Kokia drynarioides E Hawaii Dicot

Koki'o (Kokia 

kauaiensis) Kokia kauaiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Koki'o Ke'oke'o 

(Hibiscus waimeae 

ssp. hannerae)

Hibiscus waimeae ssp. 

hannerae E Hawaii Dicot

Kolea Myrsine knudsenii E Hawaii Dicot

kolea Myrsine mezii E Hawaii Dicot

Kolea (Myrsine juddii) Myrsine juddii E Hawaii Dicot

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens 

micrantha ssp. 

kalealaha)

Bidens micrantha ssp. 

kalealaha E Hawaii Dicot

Ko'oloa'ula (Abutilon 

menziesii) Abutilon menziesii E Hawaii Dicot

kopiko Psychotria grandiflora E Hawaii Dicot

kopiko Psychotria hobdyi E Hawaii Dicot
242

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Kuawawaenohu 

(Alsinidendron 

lychnoides) Alsinidendron lychnoides E Hawaii Dicot

Kulu'I (Nototrichium 

humile) Nototrichium humile E Hawaii Dicot

Laukahi Kuahiwi 

(Plantago hawaiensis) Plantago hawaiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Laukahi Kuahiwi 

(Plantago princeps) Plantago princeps E Hawaii Dicot

Laulihilihi (Schiedea 

stellarioides) Schiedea stellarioides E Hawaii Dicot

lehua makanoe Lysimachia daphnoides E Hawaii Dicot

Liliwai (Acaena 

exigua) Acaena exigua E Hawaii Dicot

Lipochaeta venosa 

(ncn) Lipochaeta venosa E Hawaii Dicot

Lobelia monostachya 

(ncn) Lobelia monostachya E Hawaii Dicot

Lobelia niihauensis 

(ncn) Lobelia niihauensis E Hawaii Dicot

Lobelia oahuensis 

(ncn) Lobelia oahuensis E Hawaii Dicot

Lysimachia filifolia 

(ncn) Lysimachia filifolia E Hawaii Dicot

Lysimachia lydgatei 

(ncn) Lysimachia lydgatei E Hawaii Dicot

Mahoe (Alectryon 

macrococcus) Alectryon macrococcus E Hawaii Dicot

Ma'o Hau Hele 

(Hibiscus 

brackenridgei) Hibiscus brackenridgei E Hawaii Dicot

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea 

apokremnos) Schiedea apokremnos E Hawaii Dicot

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea 

kealiae) Schiedea kealiae E Hawaii Dicot

Mapele (Cyrtandra 

cyaneoides) Cyrtandra cyaneoides E Hawaii Dicot
243

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Mehamehame 

(Flueggea 

neowawraea) Flueggea neowawraea E Hawaii Dicot

Munroidendron 

racemosum (ncn) Munroidendron racemosum E Hawaii Dicot

na`ena`e

Dubautia imbricata 

imbricata E Hawaii Dicot

na`ena`e

Dubautia plantaginea 

magnifolia E Hawaii Dicot

Na`ena`e Dubautia waialealae E Hawaii Dicot

Naenae Dubautia kalalauensis E Hawaii Dicot

Naenae Dubautia kenwoodii E Hawaii Dicot

Na'ena'e (Dubautia 

herbstobatae) Dubautia herbstobatae E Hawaii Dicot

Na'ena'e (Dubautia 

plantaginea ssp. 

humilis)

Dubautia plantaginea ssp. 

humilis E Hawaii Dicot

Nani Wai'ale'ale (Viola 

kauaensis var. 

wahiawaensis)

Viola kauaiensis var. 

wahiawaensis E Hawaii Dicot

Nanu (Gardenia 

mannii) Gardenia mannii E Hawaii Dicot

Na'u (Gardenia 

brighamii) Gardenia brighamii E Hawaii Dicot

Naupaka, Dwarf 

(Scaevola coriacea) Scaevola coriacea E Hawaii Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta 

fauriei) Lipochaeta fauriei E Hawaii Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta 

kamolensis) Lipochaeta kamolensis E Hawaii Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta 

lobata var. leptophylla)

Lipochaeta lobata var. 

leptophylla E Hawaii Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta 

micrantha) Lipochaeta micrantha E Hawaii Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta 

tenuifolia) Lipochaeta tenuifolia E Hawaii Dicot

Nehe (Lipochaeta 

waimeaensis) Lipochaeta waimeaensis E Hawaii Dicot
244

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Neraudia angulata 

(ncn) Neraudia angulata E Hawaii Dicot

Neraudia ovata (ncn) Neraudia ovata E Hawaii Dicot

Neraudia sericea (ncn) Neraudia sericea E Hawaii Dicot

Nioi (Eugenia 

koolauensis) Eugenia koolauensis E Hawaii Dicot

nohoanu Geranium kauaiense E Hawaii Dicot

Nohoanu (Geranium 

multiflorum) Geranium multiflorum E Hawaii Dicot

Oahu wild coffee

Psychotria hexandra ssp. 

Oahuensis E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha (Delissea 

rivularis) Delissea rivularis E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha (Delissea 

subcordata) Delissea subcordata E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha (Delissea 

undulata) Delissea undulata E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha (Lobelia 

gaudichaudii 

koolauensis)

Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. 

koolauensis E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia 

drepanomorpha) Clermontia drepanomorpha E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia 

lindseyana) Clermontia lindseyana E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia 

oblongifolia ssp. 

mauiensis)

Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. 

mauiensis E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia 

peleana) Clermontia peleana E Hawaii Dicot

'Oha Wai (Clermontia 

pyrularia) Clermontia pyrularia E Hawaii Dicot
245

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

'Oha Wai (Clermontia 

samuelii) Clermontia samuelii E Hawaii Dicot

'Ohai (Sesbania 

tomentosa) Sesbania tomentosa E Hawaii Dicot

'Ohe'ohe 

(Tetraplasandra 

gymnocarpa) Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa E Hawaii Dicot

'Olulu (Brighamia 

insignis) Brighamia insignis E Hawaii Dicot

Opuhe (Urera kaalae) Urera kaalae E Hawaii Dicot

Pamakani (Viola 

chamissoniana ssp. 

chamissoniana)

Viola chamissoniana ssp. 

chamissoniana E Hawaii Dicot

Papala Charpentiera densiflora E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia hirsuta 

(ncn) Phyllostegia hirsuta E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia kaalaensis 

(ncn) Phyllostegia kaalaensis E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia knudsenii 

(ncn) Phyllostegia knudsenii E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia mannii 

(ncn) Phyllostegia mannii E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia mollis 

(ncn) Phyllostegia mollis E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia parviflora 

(ncn) Phyllostegia parviflora E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia velutina 

(ncn) Phyllostegia velutina E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia waimeae 

(ncn) Phyllostegia waimeae E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia 

warshaueri (ncn) Phyllostegia warshaueri E Hawaii Dicot

Phyllostegia wawrana 

(ncn) Phyllostegia wawrana E Hawaii Dicot

Pilo (Hedyotis mannii) Hedyotis mannii E Hawaii Dicot

pilo kea lau li`i Platydesma rostrata E Hawaii Dicot
246

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Po'e (Portulaca 

sclerocarpa) Portulaca sclerocarpa E Hawaii Dicot

Popolo 'Aiakeakua 

(Solanum 

sandwicense) Solanum sandwicense E Hawaii Dicot

Popolo Ku Mai 

(Solanum 

incompletum) Solanum incompletum E Hawaii Dicot

Pua'ala (Brighamia 

rockii) Brighamia rockii E Hawaii Dicot

Remya kauaiensis 

(ncn) Remya kauaiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Remya montgomeryi 

(ncn) Remya montgomeryi E Hawaii Dicot

Remya, Maui Remya mauiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Sandalwood, Lanai 

(='Iliahi)

Santalum freycinetianum 

var. lanaiense E Hawaii Dicot

Sanicula mariversa 

(ncn) Sanicula mariversa E Hawaii Dicot

Sanicula purpurea 

(ncn) Sanicula purpurea E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea haleakalensis 

(ncn) Schiedea haleakalensis E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea helleri (ncn) Schiedea helleri E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea hookeri (ncn) Schiedea hookeri E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea kaalae (ncn) Schiedea kaalae E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea kauaiensis 

(ncn) Schiedea kauaiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea 

membranacea (ncn) Schiedea membranacea E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea nuttallii (ncn) Schiedea nuttallii E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea spergulina 

var. leiopoda (ncn)

Schiedea spergulina var. 

leiopoda E Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea, Diamond 

Head (Schiedea 

adamantis) Schiedea adamantis E Hawaii Dicot
247

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Silene lanceolata (ncn) Silene lanceolata E Hawaii Dicot

Silene perlmanii (ncn) Silene perlmanii E Hawaii Dicot

Silversword, Ka'u 

(Argyroxiphium 

kauense) Argyroxiphium kauense E Hawaii Dicot

Silversword, Mauna 

Kea ('Ahinahina)

Argyroxiphium sandwicense 

ssp. sandwicense E Hawaii Dicot

Spermolepis 

hawaiiensis (ncn) Spermolepis hawaiiensis E Hawaii Dicot

Stenogyne angustifolia 

(ncn)

Stenogyne angustifolia var. 

angustifolia E Hawaii Dicot

Stenogyne 

campanulata (ncn) Stenogyne campanulata E Hawaii Dicot

Stenogyne kanehoana 

(ncn) Stenogyne kanehoana E Hawaii Dicot

Tetramolopium 

arenarium (ncn) Tetramolopium arenarium E Hawaii Dicot

Tetramolopium 

capillare (ncn) Tetramolopium capillare E Hawaii Dicot

Tetramolopium 

filiforme (ncn) Tetramolopium filiforme E Hawaii Dicot

Tetramolopium 

lepidotum ssp. 

lepidotum (ncn)

Tetramolopium lepidotum 

ssp. lepidotum E Hawaii Dicot

Tetramolopium remyi 

(ncn) Tetramolopium remyi E Hawaii Dicot

Trematolobelia 

singularis (ncn) Trematolobelia singularis E Hawaii Dicot

Uhiuhi (Caesalpinia 

kavaiensis) Caesalpinia kavaiense E Hawaii Dicot

Vetch, Hawaiian 

(Vicia menziesii) Vicia menziesii E Hawaii Dicot

Vigna o-wahuensis 

(ncn) Vigna o-wahuensis E Hawaii Dicot

Viola helenae (ncn) Viola helenae E Hawaii Dicot

Viola oahuensis (ncn) Viola oahuensis E Hawaii Dicot
248

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Wahine Noho Kula 

(Isodendrion 

pyrifolium) Isodendrion pyrifolium E Hawaii Dicot

Xylosma crenatum 

(ncn) Xylosma crenatum E Hawaii Dicot

Aupaka (Isodendrion 

longifolium) Isodendrion longifolium T Hawaii Dicot

Haha (Cyanea recta) Cyanea recta T Hawaii Dicot

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra 

limahuliensis) Cyrtandra limahuliensis T Hawaii Dicot

Kolea (Myrsine 

linearifolia) Myrsine linearifolia T Hawaii Dicot

Makou (Peucedanum 

sandwicense) Peucedanum sandwicense T Hawaii Dicot

Schiedea spergulina 

var. spergulina (ncn)

Schiedea spergulina var. 

spergulina T Hawaii Dicot

Silene hawaiiensis 

(ncn) Silene hawaiiensis T Hawaii Dicot

Silversword, Haleakala 

('Ahinahina)

Argyroxiphium sandwicense 

ssp. macrocephalum T Hawaii Dicot

Tetramolopium rockii 

(ncn) Tetramolopium rockii T Hawaii Dicot

(ncn) Diellia mannii E Hawaii Ferns

(ncn) Doryopteris angelica E Hawaii Ferns

(ncn) Doryopteris takeuchii E Hawaii Ferns

Asplenium fragile var. 

insulare (ncn)

Asplenium fragile var. 

insulare E Hawaii Ferns

aumakua, Palapalai

Dryopteris crinalis 

podosorus E Hawaii Ferns

Diellia erecta (ncn) Diellia erecta E Hawaii Ferns

Diellia falcata (ncn) Diellia falcata E Hawaii Ferns

Diellia pallida (ncn) Diellia pallida E Hawaii Ferns

Diellia unisora (ncn) Diellia unisora E Hawaii Ferns
249

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Diplazium 

molokaiense (ncn) Diplazium molokaiense E Hawaii Ferns

Fern, Pendant Kihi 

(Adenophorus periens) Adenophorus periens E Hawaii Ferns

'Ihi'Ihi (Marsilea 

villosa) Marsilea villosa E Hawaii Ferns

Pauoa (Ctenitis 

squamigera) Ctenitis squamigera E Hawaii Ferns

Pteris lidgatei (ncn) Pteris lidgatei E Hawaii Ferns

Wawae'Iole 

(Phlegmariurus 

(=Huperzia) mannii) Huperzia mannii E Hawaii Ferns

Wawae'Iole 

(Phlegmariurus 

(=Lycopodium) 

nutans)

Lycopodium 

(=Phlegmariurus) nutans E Hawaii Ferns

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

abbreviata) Achatinella abbreviata E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

apexfulva) Achatinella apexfulva E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella bellula) Achatinella bellula E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella buddii) Achatinella buddii E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

bulimoides) Achatinella bulimoides E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella byronii) Achatinella byronii E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella caesia) Achatinella caesia E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella casta) Achatinella casta E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella cestus) Achatinella cestus E Hawaii Gastropod
250

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

concavospira) Achatinella concavospira E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella curta) Achatinella curta E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella decipiens) Achatinella decipiens E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella decora) Achatinella decora E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

dimorpha) Achatinella dimorpha E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella elegans) Achatinella elegans E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella fulgens) Achatinella fulgens E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

fuscobasis) Achatinella fuscobasis E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella juddii) Achatinella juddii E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella juncea) Achatinella juncea E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

lehuiensis) Achatinella lehuiensis E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

leucorraphe) Achatinella leucorraphe E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella lila) Achatinella lila E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella livida) Achatinella livida E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella lorata) Achatinella lorata E Hawaii Gastropod
251

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

mustelina) Achatinella mustelina E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

papyracea) Achatinella papyracea E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

phaeozona) Achatinella phaeozona E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

pulcherrima) Achatinella pulcherrima E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

pupukanioe) Achatinella pupukanioe E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella rosea) Achatinella rosea E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

sowerbyana) Achatinella sowerbyana E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella spaldingi) Achatinella spaldingi E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella stewartii) Achatinella stewartii E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella swiftii) Achatinella swiftii E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella 

taeniolata) Achatinella taeniolata E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella thaanumi) Achatinella thaahumi E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella turgida) Achatinella turgida E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella valida) Achatinella valida E Hawaii Gastropod
252

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella viridans) Achatinella viridans E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella vittata) Achatinella vittata E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, O'ahu Tree 

(Achatinella vulpina) Achatinella vulpina E Hawaii Gastropod

Snail, Newcomb's Erinna newcombi T Hawaii Gastropod

blackline Hawaiian 

damselfly

Megalagrion nigrohamatum 

nigrolineatum E Hawaii Insect

Crimson Hawaiian 

damselfly Megalagrion leptodemas E Hawaii Insect

Damselfly, Flying 

Earwig Hawaiian Megalagrion nesiotes E Hawaii Insect

Damselfly, Pacific 

Hawaiian Megalagrion pacificum E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila aglaia E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila hemipeza E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila heteroneura E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila montgomeryi E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila musaphilia E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila neoclavisetae E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila obatai E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila ochrobasis E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila substenoptera E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila tarphytrichia E Hawaii Insect

Hawaiian picture-wing 

Fly Drosophila sharpi E Hawaii Insect
253

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Moth, Blackburn's 

Sphinx Manduca blackburni E Hawaii Insect

Oceanic Hawaiian 

damselfly Megalagrion oceanicum E Hawaii Insect

Fly, Hawaiian picturewing Drosophila mulli T Hawaii Insect

Bat, Hawaiian Hoary Lasiurus cinereus semotus E Hawaii Mammal

Seal, Hawaiian Monk Monachus schauinslandi E Hawaii Mammal

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae E Hawaii Mammal

Whale, Sperm

Physeter catodon 

(=macrocephalus) E Hawaii Mammal

Bluegrass, Hawaiian Poa sandvicensis E Hawaii Monocot

Bluegrass, Mann's 

(Poa mannii) Poa mannii E Hawaii Monocot

Grass, Fosberg's Love Eragrostis fosbergii E Hawaii Monocot

Hala Pepe (Pleomele 

hawaiiensis) Pleomele hawaiiensis E Hawaii Monocot

Hilo Ischaemum 

(Ischaemum byrone) Ischaemum byrone E Hawaii Monocot

Kamanomano 

(Cenchrus 

agrimonioides) Cenchrus agrimonioides E Hawaii Monocot

Lau'ehu (Panicum 

niihauense) Panicum niihauense E Hawaii Monocot

lo`ulu Pritchardia hardyi E Hawaii Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia 

affinis) Pritchardia affinis E Hawaii Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia 

kaalae) Pritchardia kaalae E Hawaii Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia 

napaliensis) Pritchardia napaliensis E Hawaii Monocot

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia 

schattaueri) Pritchardia schattaueri E Hawaii Monocot
254

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia 

viscosa) Pritchardia viscosa E Hawaii Monocot

Mariscus fauriei (ncn) Mariscus fauriei E Hawaii Monocot

Mariscus 

pennatiformis (ncn) Mariscus pennatiformis E Hawaii Monocot

Pa'iniu Astelia waialealae E Hawaii Monocot

Panicgrass, Carter's 

(Panicum fauriei 

var.carteri) Panicum fauriei var. carteri E Hawaii Monocot

Platanthera holochila 

(ncn) Platanthera holochila E Hawaii Monocot

Poa siphonoglossa 

(ncn) Poa siphonoglossa E Hawaii Monocot

Pu'uka'a (Cyperus 

trachysanthos) Cyperus trachysanthos E Hawaii Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Hawaii Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Hawaii Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Hawaii Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Hawaii Reptile

Sea turtle, olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea T Hawaii Reptile

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Idaho Dicot

Four-o'clock, 

Macfarlane's Mirabilis macfarlanei T Idaho Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Idaho Dicot

Peppergrass, Slick 

Spot Lepidium papilliferum T Idaho Dicot

Salmon, Sockeye

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

nerka E Idaho Fish

Sturgeon, White Acipenser transmontanus E Idaho Fish

Salmon, Chinook

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

tshawytscha E/T Idaho Fish

Steelhead

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

mykiss E/T Idaho Fish
255

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Idaho Fish

Limpet, Banbury 

Springs Lanx sp. E Idaho Gastropod

Snail, Snake River 

Physa Physa natricina E Idaho Gastropod

Springsnail, Bruneau 

Hot Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis E Idaho Gastropod

Snail, Bliss Rapids Taylorconcha serpenticola T Idaho Gastropod

Caribou, Woodland Rangifer tarandus caribou E Idaho Mammal

Bear, Grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis T Idaho Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Idaho Mammal

Squirrel, Northern 

Idaho Ground

Spermophilus brunneus 

brunneus T Idaho Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Idaho Monocot

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Illinois Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Illinois Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Illinois Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Illinois Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Illinois Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Illinois Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat 

Pocketbook Potamilus capax E Illinois Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' 

Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Illinois Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Orangefooted Plethobasus cooperianus E Illinois Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Illinois Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Illinois Bivalve

Amphipod, Illinois 

Cave Gammarus acherondytes E Illinois Crustacean

Clover, Leafy Prairie Dalea foliosa E Illinois Dicot
256

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Aster, Decurrent False Boltonia decurrens T Illinois Dicot

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Illinois Dicot

Daisy, Lakeside Hymenoxys herbacea T Illinois Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Illinois Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Illinois Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Illinois Dicot

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Illinois Fish

Snail, Iowa 

Pleistocene Discus macclintocki E Illinois Gastropod

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Illinois Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's 

Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Illinois Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Illinois Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Illinois Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Illinois Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Illinois Monocot

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Indiana Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Indiana Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Indiana Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Indiana Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Indiana Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Indiana Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat 

Pocketbook Potamilus capax E Indiana Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White 

Cat's Paw

Epioblasma obliquata 

perobliqua E Indiana Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Indiana Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern

Epioblasma torulosa 

rangiana E Indiana Bivalve
257

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Indiana Bivalve

Clover, Running 

Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Indiana Dicot

Goldenrod, Short's Solidago shortii E Indiana Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Indiana Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Indiana Dicot

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Indiana Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's 

Satyr

Neonympha mitchellii 

mitchellii E Indiana Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Indiana Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Indiana Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Indiana Monocot

Snake, Northern 

Copperbelly Water

Nerodia erythrogaster 

neglecta T Indiana Reptile

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Iowa Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Iowa Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Iowa Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' 

Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Iowa Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Iowa Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Iowa Bivalve

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Iowa Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Iowa Dicot

Monkshood, Northern 

Wild Aconitum noveboracense T Iowa Dicot

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (=tristis) E Iowa Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Iowa Fish

Snail, Iowa 

Pleistocene Discus macclintocki E Iowa Gastropod

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Iowa Mammal
258

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Iowa Monocot

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T Iowa Monocot

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Kansas Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Kansas Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Kansas Bird

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Kansas Bivalve

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Kansas Dicot

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (=tristis) E Kansas Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Kansas Fish

Madtom, Neosho Noturus placidus T Kansas Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Kansas Fish

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Kansas Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Kansas Mammal

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Kansas Mammal

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T Kansas Monocot

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Kentucky Bird

Warbler (=Wood), 

Kirtland's Dendroica kirtlandii E Kentucky Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E Kentucky Bird

Woodpecker, Ivorybilled Campephilus principalis E Kentucky Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Kentucky Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Kentucky Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Kentucky Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Kentucky Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Kentucky Bivalve
259

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Mussel, Cumberland 

Combshell Epioblasma brevidens E Kentucky Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland 

Elktoe Alasmidonta atropurpurea E Kentucky Bivalve

Mussel, Oyster Epioblasma capsaeformis E Kentucky Bivalve

Mussel, Ring Pink 

(=Golf Stick Pearly) Obovaria retusa E Kentucky Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Kentucky Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Kentucky Bivalve

Mussel, Winged 

Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Appalachian 

Monkeyface Quadrula sparsa E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cracking Hemistena lata E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cumberland Bean Villosa trabalis E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Dromedary Dromus dromas E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat 

Pocketbook Potamilus capax E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Littlewing Pegias fabula E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Orangefooted Plethobasus cooperianus E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Purple 

Cat's Paw

Epioblasma obliquata 

obliquata E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Tubercled-blossom

Epioblasma torulosa 

torulosa E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White 

Wartyback Plethobasus cicatricosus E Kentucky Bivalve

Pearlymussel, YellowblossomEpioblasma florentina 

florentina E Kentucky Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern

Epioblasma torulosa 

rangiana E Kentucky Bivalve
260

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Riffleshell, Tan

Epioblasma florentina 

walkeri (=E. walkeri) E Kentucky Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Kentucky Bivalve

Shrimp, Kentucky 

Cave Palaemonias ganteri E Kentucky Crustacean

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Kentucky Dicot

Clover, Running 

Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Kentucky Dicot

Goldenrod, Short's Solidago shortii E Kentucky Dicot

Rock-cress, Small

Arabis perstellata E. L. 

Braun var. perstellata 

Fernald E Kentucky Dicot

Sandwort, Cumberland Arenaria cumberlandensis E Kentucky Dicot

Goldenrod, Whitehaired Solidago albopilosa T Kentucky Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Kentucky Dicot

Rosemary, 

Cumberland Conradina verticillata T Kentucky Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Kentucky Dicot

Cumberland darter Etheostoma susanae E Kentucky Fish

Darter, Relict Etheostoma chienense E Kentucky Fish

Shiner, Palezone Notropis albizonatus E Kentucky Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Kentucky Fish

Dace, Blackside Phoxinus cumberlandensis T Kentucky Fish

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Kentucky Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Kentucky Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Kentucky Mammal

Bat, Virginia BigearedCorynorhinus (=Plecotus) 

townsendii virginianus E Kentucky Mammal

Wolf, Red Canis rufus E Kentucky Mammal
261

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Louisiana Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Louisiana Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Louisiana Bird

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Louisiana Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter 

Inflated Potamilus inflatus T Louisiana Bivalve

Pearlshell, Louisiana Margaritifera hembeli T Louisiana Bivalve

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Louisiana Dicot

Fruit, Earth 

(=geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Louisiana Dicot

Quillwort, Louisiana Isoetes louisianensis E Louisiana Ferns

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Louisiana Fish

Sturgeon, Gulf

Acipenser oxyrinchus 

desotoi T Louisiana Fish

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Louisiana Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Louisiana Mammal

Bear, Louisiana Black Ursus americanus luteolus T Louisiana Mammal

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Louisiana Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Louisiana Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Louisiana Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Louisiana Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Louisiana Reptile

Tortoise, Gopher Gopherus polyphemus T Louisiana Reptile

Turtle, Ringed Map Graptemys oculifera T Louisiana Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Maine Bird
262

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Maine Bird

Lousewort, Furbish Pedicularis furbishiae E Maine Dicot

Salmon, Atlantic Salmo salar E Maine Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Maine Fish

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Maine Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Maine Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Maine Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Maine Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Maine Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Maine Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Maine Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Maine Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Maryland Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Maryland Bivalve

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E Maryland Dicot

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Maryland Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Maryland Dicot

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Maryland Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T Maryland Dicot

Darter, Maryland Etheostoma sellare E Maryland Fish

Beetle, Northeastern 

Beach Tiger Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T Maryland Insect

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana T Maryland Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Maryland Mammal

Squirrel, Delmarva 

Peninsula Fox Sciurus niger cinereus E Maryland Mammal
263

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Maryland Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Maryland Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Maryland Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Maryland Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Maryland Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Maryland Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Maryland Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Maryland Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Maryland Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Massachusetts Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Massachusetts Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Massachusetts Bivalve

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Massachusetts Dicot

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Massachusetts Fish

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Massachusetts Insect

Beetle, Northeastern 

Beach Tiger Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T Massachusetts Insect

Beetle, Puritan Tiger Cicindela puritana T Massachusetts Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Massachusetts Mammal

Puma (=Cougar), 

Eastern

Puma (=Felis) concolor (all 

subsp. except coryi) E Massachusetts Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Massachusetts Mammal
264

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Massachusetts Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Massachusetts Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Massachusetts Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Massachusetts Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Massachusetts Reptile

Turtle, Plymouth RedbelliedPseudemys rubriventris 

bangsi E Massachusetts Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Massachusetts Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Massachusetts Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Massachusetts Reptile

Warbler (=Wood), 

Kirtland's Dendroica kirtlandii E Michigan Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Michigan Bird

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Michigan Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Michigan Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Michigan Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern

Epioblasma torulosa 

rangiana E Michigan Bivalve

Monkey-flower, 

Michigan

Mimulus glabratus var. 

michiganensis E Michigan Dicot

Daisy, Lakeside Hymenoxys herbacea T Michigan Dicot

Goldenrod, Houghton's Solidago houghtonii T Michigan Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Michigan Dicot

Fern, American hart'stongueAsplenium scolopendrium 

var. americanum T Michigan Ferns

Beetle, Hungerford's 

Crawling Water Brychius hungerfordi E Michigan Insect
265

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Michigan Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's 

Satyr

Neonympha mitchellii 

mitchellii E Michigan Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's 

Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Michigan Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Michigan Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Michigan Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Michigan Mammal

Iris, Dwarf Lake Iris lacustris T Michigan Monocot

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Michigan Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Michigan Monocot

Snake, Northern 

Copperbelly Water

Nerodia erythrogaster 

neglecta T Michigan Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Minnesota Bird

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Minnesota Bivalve

Mussel, Winged 

Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Minnesota Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' 

Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Minnesota Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Minnesota Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Minnesota Bivalve

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Minnesota Dicot

Roseroot, Leedy's

Sedum integrifolium ssp. 

leedyi T Minnesota Dicot

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (=tristis) E Minnesota Fish

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Minnesota Insect

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Minnesota Mammal

Lily, Minnesota Trout Erythronium propullans E Minnesota Monocot
266

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T Minnesota Monocot

Frog, Dusky Gopher 

(Mississippi DPS) Rana capito sevosa E Mississippi Amphibian

Crane, Mississippi 

Sandhill Grus canadensis pulla E Mississippi Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Mississippi Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Mississippi Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Mississippi Bird

Combshell, Southern 

(=Penitent mussel) Epioblasma penita E Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, Black 

(=Curtus' Mussel) 

Clubshell Pleurobema curtum E Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland 

Combshell Epioblasma brevidens E Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe 

(=Judge Tait's Mussel) Pleurobema taitianum E Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate 

Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, Southern 

Clubshell Pleurobema decisum E Mississippi Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat 

Pocketbook Potamilus capax E Mississippi Bivalve

Mucket, Orange-nacre Lampsilis perovalis T Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama 

Moccasinshell Medionidus acutissimus T Mississippi Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter 

Inflated Potamilus inflatus T Mississippi Bivalve

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Mississippi Dicot
267

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Mississippi Dicot

Quillwort, Louisiana Isoetes louisianensis E Mississippi Ferns

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Mississippi Fish

Darter, Bayou Etheostoma rubrum T Mississippi Fish

Sturgeon, Gulf

Acipenser oxyrinchus 

desotoi T Mississippi Fish

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Mississippi Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Mississippi Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Mississippi Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Mississippi Mammal

Bear, Louisiana Black Ursus americanus luteolus T Mississippi Mammal

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Mississippi Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Mississippi Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Mississippi Reptile

Turtle, Alabama Redbellied Pseudemys alabamensis E Mississippi Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Mississippi Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Mississippi Reptile

Snake, Eastern Indigo Drymarchon corais couperi T Mississippi Reptile

Tortoise, Gopher Gopherus polyphemus T Mississippi Reptile

Turtle, Ringed Map Graptemys oculifera T Mississippi Reptile

Turtle, Yellowblotched Map Graptemys flavimaculata T Mississippi Reptile
268

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Ozark Hellbender

Cryptobranchus 

alleganiensis bishopi E Missouri Amphibian

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Missouri Bird

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Missouri Bivalve

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E Missouri Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Missouri Bivalve

Mussel, Winged 

Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Missouri Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Curtis'

Epioblasma florentina 

curtisii E Missouri Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Fat 

Pocketbook Potamilus capax E Missouri Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' 

Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Missouri Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Missouri Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Missouri Bivalve

Clover, Running 

Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Missouri Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E Missouri Dicot

Aster, Decurrent False Boltonia decurrens T Missouri Dicot

Bladderpod, Missouri Lesquerella filiformis T Missouri Dicot

Fruit, Earth 

(=geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Missouri Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Missouri Dicot

Sneezeweed, Virginia Helenium virginicum T Missouri Dicot

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (=tristis) E Missouri Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Missouri Fish

Cavefish, Ozark Amblyopsis rosae T Missouri Fish

Darter, Niangua Etheostoma nianguae T Missouri Fish

Madtom, Neosho Noturus placidus T Missouri Fish
269

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Cavesnail, Tumbling 

Creek Antrobia culveri E Missouri Gastropod

Dragonfly, Hine's 

Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Missouri Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Missouri Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Missouri Mammal

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T Missouri Monocot

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Montana Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Montana Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Montana Bird

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Montana Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Montana Dicot

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Montana Fish

Sturgeon, White Acipenser transmontanus E Montana Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Montana Fish

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Montana Mammal

Bear, Grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis T Montana Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Montana Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Montana Monocot

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Nebraska Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Nebraska Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Nebraska Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Nebraska Bird

Penstemon, Blowout Penstemon haydenii E Nebraska Dicot

Butterfly Plant, 

Colorado

Gaura neomexicana var. 

coloradensis T Nebraska Dicot

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (=tristis) E Nebraska Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Nebraska Fish
270

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Nebraska Insect

Beetle, Salt Creek 

Tiger

Cicindela nevadica 

lincolniana E Nebraska Insect

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Nebraska Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Nebraska Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Nebraska Monocot

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T Nebraska Monocot

Flycatcher, 

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus E Nevada Bird

Rail, Yuma Clapper

Rallus longirostris 

yumanensis E Nevada Bird

Buckwheat, Steamboat

Eriogonum ovalifolium var. 

williamsiae E Nevada Dicot

Niterwort, Amargosa Nitrophila mohavensis E Nevada Dicot

Poolfish, Pahrump (= 

Pahrump Killifish) Empetrichthys latos E Nevada Dicot

Blazing Star, Ash 

Meadows Mentzelia leucophylla T Nevada Dicot

Centaury, Springloving Centaurium namophilum T Nevada Dicot

Gumplant, Ash 

Meadows Grindelia fraxino-pratensis T Nevada Dicot

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Ivesia kingii var. eremica T Nevada Dicot

Milk-vetch, Ash 

Meadows Astragalus phoenix T Nevada Dicot

Sunray, Ash Meadows

Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. 

corrugata T Nevada Dicot

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Nevada Fish

Chub, Pahranagat 

Roundtail Gila robusta jordani E Nevada Fish

Chub, Virgin River Gila seminuda (=robusta) E Nevada Fish
271

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Cui-ui Chasmistes cujus E Nevada Fish

Dace, Ash Meadows 

Speckled

Rhinichthys osculus 

nevadensis E Nevada Fish

Dace, Clover Valley 

Speckled

Rhinichthys osculus 

oligoporus E Nevada Fish

Dace, Independence 

Valley Speckled

Rhinichthys osculus 

lethoporus E Nevada Fish

Dace, Moapa Moapa coriacea E Nevada Fish

Pupfish, Ash Meadows 

Amargosa

Cyprinodon nevadensis 

mionectes E Nevada Fish

Pupfish, Devils Hole Cyprinodon diabolis E Nevada Fish

Pupfish, Warm 

Springs

Cyprinodon nevadensis 

pectoralis E Nevada Fish

Spinedace, White 

River Lepidomeda albivallis E Nevada Fish

Springfish, Hiko 

White River Crenichthys baileyi grandis E Nevada Fish

Springfish, White 

River Crenichthys baileyi baileyi E Nevada Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Nevada Fish

Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus E Nevada Fish

Dace, Desert Eremichthys acros T Nevada Fish

Spinedace, Big Spring

Lepidomeda mollispinis 

pratensis T Nevada Fish

Springfish, Railroad 

Valley Crenichthys nevadae T Nevada Fish

Sucker, Warner Catostomus warnerensis T Nevada Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Nevada Fish

Trout, Lahontan 

Cutthroat

Oncorhynchus clarki 

henshawi T Nevada Fish

Skipper, Carson 

Wandering

Pseudocopaeodes eunus 

obscurus E Nevada Insect

Naucorid, Ash 

Meadows Ambrysus amargosus T Nevada Insect
272

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Nevada Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Nevada Monocot

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T Nevada Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T

New 

Hampshire Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E

New 

Hampshire Bivalve

Milk-vetch, Jesup's

Astragalus robbinsii var. 

jesupi E

New 

Hampshire Dicot

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E

New 

Hampshire Insect

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E

New 

Hampshire Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T

New 

Hampshire Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E

New 

Hampshire Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T

New 

Hampshire Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E

New 

Hampshire Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E

New 

Hampshire Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T

New 

Hampshire Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T

New 

Hampshire Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T New Jersey Bird
273

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T New Jersey Bird

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E New Jersey Bivalve

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E New Jersey Dicot

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T New Jersey Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T New Jersey Dicot

Beetle, Northeastern 

Beach Tiger Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T New Jersey Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E New Jersey Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E New Jersey Mammal

Beaked-rush, 

Knieskern's Rhynchospora knieskernii T New Jersey Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T New Jersey Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T New Jersey Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E New Jersey Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E New Jersey Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E New Jersey Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T New Jersey Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T New Jersey Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T New Jersey Reptile

Frog, Chiricahua 

Leopard Rana chiricahuensis T New Mexico Amphibian

Falcon, Northern 

Aplomado

Falco femoralis 

septentrionalis E New Mexico Bird
274

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Flycatcher, 

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus E New Mexico Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E New Mexico Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T New Mexico Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T New Mexico Bird

Amphipod, Noel's Gammarus desperatus E New Mexico Crustacean

Isopod, Socorro

Thermosphaeroma 

thermophilus E New Mexico Crustacean

Cactus, Knowlton Pediocactus knowltonii E New Mexico Dicot

Cactus, Kuenzler 

Hedgehog

Echinocereus fendleri var. 

kuenzleri E New Mexico Dicot

Cactus, Sneed 

Pincushion

Coryphantha sneedii var. 

sneedii E New Mexico Dicot

Ipomopsis, Holy Ghost Ipomopsis sancti-spiritus E New Mexico Dicot

Milk-vetch, Mancos Astragalus humillimus E New Mexico Dicot

Pennyroyal, Todsen's Hedeoma todsenii E New Mexico Dicot

Poppy, Sacramento 

Prickly

Argemone pleiacantha ssp. 

pinnatisecta E New Mexico Dicot

Cactus, Lee 

Pincushion

Coryphantha sneedii var. 

leei T New Mexico Dicot

Cactus, Mesa Verde Sclerocactus mesae-verdae T New Mexico Dicot

Fleabane, Zuni Erigeron rhizomatus T New Mexico Dicot

Sunflower, Pecos Helianthus paradoxus T New Mexico Dicot

Thistle, Sacramento 

Mountains Cirsium vinaceum T New Mexico Dicot

Wild-buckwheat, 

Gypsum Eriogonum gypsophilum T New Mexico Dicot
275

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Chub, Gila Gila intermedia E New Mexico Fish

Gambusia, Pecos Gambusia nobilis E New Mexico Fish

Minnow, Loach Tiaroga cobitis E New Mexico Fish

Minnow, Rio Grande 

Silvery Hybognathus amarus E New Mexico Fish

Spikedace Meda fulgida E New Mexico Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E New Mexico Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E New Mexico Fish

Topminnow, Gila 

(Yaqui) Poeciliopsis occidentalis E New Mexico Fish

Trout, Gila Oncorhynchus gilae E New Mexico Fish

Chub, Chihuahua Gila nigrescens T New Mexico Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T New Mexico Fish

Shiner, Beautiful Cyprinella formosa T New Mexico Fish

Shiner, Pecos 

Bluntnose Notropis simus pecosensis T New Mexico Fish

Snail, Pecos 

Assiminea Assiminea pecos E New Mexico Gastropod

Springsnail, Alamosa Tryonia alamosae E New Mexico Gastropod

Springsnail, 

Chupadera Pyrgulopsis chupaderae E New Mexico Gastropod

Springsnail, Koster's Juturnia kosteri E New Mexico Gastropod

Springsnail, Roswell Pyrgulopsis roswellensis E New Mexico Gastropod

Springsnail, Socorro Pyrgulopsis neomexicana E New Mexico Gastropod

Bat, Lesser 

(=Sanborn's) Longnosed

Leptonycteris curasoae 

yerbabuenae E New Mexico Mammal
276

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Bat, Mexican Longnosed Leptonycteris nivalis E New Mexico Mammal

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E New Mexico Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E New Mexico Mammal

Jaguar Panthera onca E New Mexico Mammal

Rattlesnake, New 

Mexican Ridge-nosed Crotalus willardi obscurus T New Mexico Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T New York Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T New York Bird

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E New York Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E New York Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E New York Bivalve

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E New York Dicot

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T New York Dicot

Goldenrod, Houghton's Solidago houghtonii T New York Dicot

Monkshood, Northern 

Wild Aconitum noveboracense T New York Dicot

Roseroot, Leedy's

Sedum integrifolium ssp. 

leedyi T New York Dicot

Fern, American hart'stongueAsplenium scolopendrium 

var. americanum T New York Ferns

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E New York Fish

Snail, Chittenango 

Ovate Amber Succinea chittenangoensis T New York Gastropod

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E New York Insect
277

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E New York Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E New York Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T New York Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T New York Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E New York Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E New York Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E New York Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T New York Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T New York Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T New York Reptile

Spider, Spruce-fir 

Moss Microhexura montivaga E

North 

Carolina Arachnid

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E

North 

Carolina Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis ENorth 

Carolina Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T

North 

Carolina Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T

North 

Carolina Bird

Elktoe, Appalachian Alasmidonta raveneliana E

North 

Carolina Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E

North 

Carolina Bivalve

Mussel, Heelsplitter 

Carolina Lasmigona decorata E

North 

Carolina Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cumberland Bean Villosa trabalis E

North 

Carolina Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Littlewing Pegias fabula ENorth 

Carolina Bivalve
278

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Riffleshell, Tan

Epioblasma florentina 

walkeri (=E. walkeri) E

North 

Carolina Bivalve

Spinymussel, James 

River Pleurobema collina E

North 

Carolina Bivalve

Spinymussel, Tar 

River Elliptio steinstansana E

North 

Carolina Bivalve

Avens, Spreading Geum radiatum E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Bittercress, Smallanthered Cardamine micranthera ENorth 

Carolina Dicot

Bluet, Roan Mountain

Hedyotis purpurea var. 

montana E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Loosestrife, Roughleaved Lysimachia asperulaefolia ENorth 

Carolina Dicot

Meadowrue, Cooley's Thalictrum cooleyi E

North

Carolina Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Pitcher-plant, 

Mountain Sweet Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Sunflower, 

Schweinitz's Helianthus schweinitzii E

North 

Carolina Dicot

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T

North 

Carolina Dicot

Blazing Star, Heller's Liatris helleri T

North 

Carolina Dicot

Goldenrod, Blue Ridge Solidago spithamaea T

North 

Carolina Dicot
279

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Heartleaf, Dwarfflowered Hexastylis naniflora TNorth 

Carolina Dicot

Heather, Mountain 

Golden Hudsonia montana T

North 

Carolina Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T

North 

Carolina Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T

North 

Carolina Dicot

Logperch, Roanoke Percina rex E

North 

Carolina Fish

Shiner, Cape Fear Notropis mekistocholas E

North 

Carolina Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E

North 

Carolina Fish

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T

North 

Carolina Fish

Silverside, Waccamaw Menidia extensa T

North 

Carolina Fish

Snail, Noonday Mesodon clarki nantahala T

North 

Carolina Gastropod

Butterfly, Saint 

Francis' Satyr

Neonympha mitchellii 

francisci E

North 

Carolina Insect

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E

North 

Carolina Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E

North 

Carolina Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E

North 

Carolina Mammal

Bat, Virginia BigearedCorynorhinus (=Plecotus) 

townsendii virginianus E

North 

Carolina Mammal

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E

North 

Carolina Mammal

Puma (=Cougar), 

Eastern

Puma (=Felis) concolor (all 

subsp. except coryi) E

North 

Carolina Mammal

Squirrel, Carolina 

Northern Flying

Glaucomys sabrinus 

coloratus E

North 

Carolina Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E

North 

Carolina Mammal
280

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Wolf, Red Canis rufus E

North 

Carolina Mammal

Arrowhead, Bunched Sagittaria fasciculata E

North 

Carolina Monocot

Irisette, White Sisyrinchium dichotomum E

North 

Carolina Monocot

Sedge, Golden Carex lutea E

North 

Carolina Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T

North 

Carolina Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T

North 

Carolina Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E

North 

Carolina Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E

North 

Carolina Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E

North 

Carolina Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T

North 

Carolina Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T

North 

Carolina Reptile

Alligator, American Alligator mississippiensis T

North 

Carolina Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T

North 

Carolina Reptile

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E North Dakota Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E North Dakota Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T North Dakota Bird

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E North Dakota Fish

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E North Dakota Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E North Dakota Mammal

Orchid, Western

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T North Dakota Monocot
281

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Crow, Mariana Corvus kubaryi E

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands Bird

Megapode, 

Micronesian (La 

Perouse's) Megapodius laperouse E

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands Bird

Moorhen, Mariana 

Common Gallinula chloropus guami E

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands Bird

Warbler, nightingale 

reed (old world 

warbler) Acrocephalus luscinia E

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands Bird

White-eye, Rota 

Bridled Zosterops rotensis E

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands Bird

Bat, Mariana Fruit 

(=Mariana Flying Fox)

Pteropus mariannus 

mariannus T

Northern 

Mariana 

Islands Mammal

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Ohio Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Ohio Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Ohio Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Ohio Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Ohio Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Purple 

Cat's Paw

Epioblasma obliquata 

obliquata E Ohio Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White 

Cat's Paw

Epioblasma obliquata 

perobliqua E Ohio Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Ohio Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern

Epioblasma torulosa 

rangiana E Ohio Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Ohio Bivalve

Clover, Running 

Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E Ohio Dicot

Daisy, Lakeside Hymenoxys herbacea T Ohio Dicot

Monkshood, Northern 

Wild Aconitum noveboracense T Ohio Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Ohio Dicot

Madtom, Scioto Noturus trautmani E Ohio Fish
282

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Ohio Insect

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Ohio Insect

Butterfly, Mitchell's 

Satyr

Neonympha mitchellii 

mitchellii E Ohio Insect

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Ohio Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Ohio Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Ohio Monocot

Snake, Northern 

Copperbelly Water

Nerodia erythrogaster 

neglecta T Ohio Reptile

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Oklahoma Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Oklahoma Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Oklahoma Bird

Vireo, Black-capped Vireo atricapilla E Oklahoma Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Oklahoma Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Oklahoma Bird

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E Oklahoma Bivalve

Mussel, Winged 

Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Oklahoma Bivalve

Rock-pocketbook, 

Ouachita (=Wheeler's 

pm) Arkansia wheeleri E Oklahoma Bivalve

Cavefish, Ozark Amblyopsis rosae T Oklahoma Fish

Darter, Leopard Percina pantherina T Oklahoma Fish

Madtom, Neosho Noturus placidus T Oklahoma Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Oklahoma Fish
283

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Oklahoma Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Oklahoma Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Oklahoma Mammal

Bat, Ozark Big-eared

Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) 

townsendii ingens E Oklahoma Mammal

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Oklahoma Monocot

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T Oklahoma Monocot

Alligator, American Alligator mississippiensis T Oklahoma Reptile

Albatross, Short-tailed

Phoebastria (=Diomedea) 

albatrus E Oregon Bird

Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus T Oregon Bird

Owl, Northern Spotted Strix occidentalis caurina T Oregon Bird

Plover, Western 

Snowy

Charadrius alexandrinus 

nivosus T Oregon Bird

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal 

Pool Branchinecta lynchi T Oregon Crustacean

Daisy, Willamette

Erigeron decumbens var. 

decumbens E Oregon Dicot

Lomatium, Bradshaw's Lomatium bradshawii E Oregon Dicot

Lomatium, Cook's Lomatium cookii E Oregon Dicot

Meadowfoam, Largeflowered WoollyLimnanthes floccosa ssp. 

Grandiflora E Oregon Dicot

Milk-vetch, 

Applegate's Astragalus applegatei E Oregon Dicot

Popcornflower, Rough Plagiobothrys hirtus E Oregon Dicot

Rock-cress, 

McDonald's Arabis mcdonaldiana E Oregon Dicot
284

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Oregon Dicot

Checker-mallow, 

Nelson's Sidalcea nelsoniana T Oregon Dicot

Four-o'clock, 

Macfarlane's Mirabilis macfarlanei T Oregon Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Oregon Dicot

Lupine, Kincaid's

Lupinus sulphureus 

(=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii 

(=var. kincaidii) T Oregon Dicot

Paintbrush, Golden Castilleja levisecta T Oregon Dicot

Thelypody, Howell's 

Spectacular

Thelypodium howellii 

spectabilis T Oregon Dicot

Chub, Oregon Oregonichthys crameri E Oregon Fish

Salmon, Sockeye

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

nerka E Oregon Fish

Sucker, Lost River Deltistes luxatus E Oregon Fish

Sucker, Modoc Catostomus microps E Oregon Fish

Sucker, Shortnose Chasmistes brevirostris E Oregon Fish

Salmon, Chinook

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

tshawytscha E/T Oregon Fish

Salmon, Coho

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

kisutch E/T Oregon Fish

Steelhead

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

mykiss E/T Oregon Fish

Chub, Hutton Tui Gila bicolor ssp. T Oregon Fish

Dace, Foskett 

Speckled Rhinichthys osculus ssp. T Oregon Fish

Salmon, Chum

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

keta T Oregon Fish

Sucker, Warner Catostomus warnerensis T Oregon Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Oregon Fish

Trout, Lahontan 

Cutthroat

Oncorhynchus clarki 

henshawi T Oregon Fish
285

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Butterfly, Fender's 

Blue Icaricia icarioides fenderi E Oregon Insect

Butterfly, Oregon 

Silverspot Speyeria zerene hippolyta T Oregon Insect

Deer, Columbian 

White-tailed

Odocoileus virginianus 

leucurus E Oregon Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Oregon Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Oregon Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E Oregon Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Oregon Mammal

Fritillary, Gentner's Fritillaria gentneri E Oregon Monocot

Lily, Western Lilium occidentale E Oregon Monocot

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Oregon Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Oregon Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Oregon Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Pennsylvania Bird

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Pennsylvania Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Pennsylvania Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Pennsylvania Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Pennsylvania Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern

Epioblasma torulosa 

rangiana E Pennsylvania Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Pennsylvania Bivalve

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Pennsylvania Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Pennsylvania Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Pennsylvania Monocot
286

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Pennsylvania Monocot

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Pennsylvania Reptile

Coqui, Golden Eleutherodactylus jasperi T Puerto Rico Amphibian

Guajon Eleutherodactylus cooki T Puerto Rico Amphibian

Toad, Puerto Rican 

Crested Peltophryne lemur T Puerto Rico Amphibian

Blackbird, Yellowshouldered Agelaius xanthomus E Puerto Rico Bird

Hawk, Puerto Rican 

Broad-winged

Buteo platypterus 

brunnescens E Puerto Rico Bird

Hawk, Puerto Rican 

Sharp-shinned Accipiter striatus venator E Puerto Rico Bird

Nightjar, Puerto Rico Caprimulgus noctitherus E Puerto Rico Bird

Parrot, Puerto Rican Amazona vittata E Puerto Rico Bird

Pigeon, Puerto Rican 

Plain Columba inornata wetmorei E Puerto Rico Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Puerto Rico Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Puerto Rico Bird

Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata T Puerto Rico Coral

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis T Puerto Rico Coral

Auerodendron 

pauciflorum (ncn) Auerodendron pauciflorum E Puerto Rico Dicot

Bariaco Trichilia triacantha E Puerto Rico Dicot

Boxwood, Vahl's Buxus vahlii E Puerto Rico Dicot

Calyptranthes 

Thomasiana (ncn) Calyptranthes thomasiana E Puerto Rico Dicot
287

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Capa Rosa Callicarpa ampla E Puerto Rico Dicot

Catesbaea 

Melanocarpa (ncn) Catesbaea melanocarpa E Puerto Rico Dicot

Chamaecrista 

glandulosa (ncn)

Chamaecrista glandulosa 

var. mirabilis E Puerto Rico Dicot

Chupacallos Pleodendron macranthum E Puerto Rico Dicot

Cordia bellonis (ncn) Cordia bellonis E Puerto Rico Dicot

Daphnopsis hellerana 

(ncn) Daphnopsis hellerana E Puerto Rico Dicot

Erubia Solanum drymophilum E Puerto Rico Dicot

Eugenia Woodburyana Eugenia woodburyana E Puerto Rico Dicot

Goetzea, Beautiful 

(Matabuey) Goetzea elegans E Puerto Rico Dicot

Higuero De Sierra Crescentia portoricensis E Puerto Rico Dicot

Holly, Cook's Ilex cookii E Puerto Rico Dicot

Ilex sintenisii (ncn) Ilex sintenisii E Puerto Rico Dicot

Leptocereus grantianus 

(ncn) Leptocereus grantianus E Puerto Rico Dicot

Lyonia truncata var. 

proctorii (ncn)

Lyonia truncata var. 

proctorii E Puerto Rico Dicot

Mitracarpus 

Maxwelliae Mitracarpus maxwelliae E Puerto Rico Dicot

Mitracarpus 

Polycladus Mitracarpus polycladus E Puerto Rico Dicot

Myrcia Paganii Myrcia paganii E Puerto Rico Dicot

Palo Colorado 

(Ternstroemia 

luquillensis) Ternstroemia luquillensis E Puerto Rico Dicot

Palo de Jazmin Styrax portoricensis E Puerto Rico Dicot
288

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Palo de Nigua Cornutia obovata E Puerto Rico Dicot

Palo de Ramon Banara vanderbiltii E Puerto Rico Dicot

Palo de Rosa Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon E Puerto Rico Dicot

Peperomia, Wheeler's Peperomia wheeleri E Puerto Rico Dicot

Prickly-ash, St. 

Thomas Zanthoxylum thomasianum E Puerto Rico Dicot

Ternstroemia 

subsessilis (ncn) Ternstroemia subsessilis E Puerto Rico Dicot

Uvillo Eugenia haematocarpa E Puerto Rico Dicot

Vernonia Proctorii 

(ncn) Vernonia proctorii E Puerto Rico Dicot

Chumbo, Higo Harrisia portoricensis T Puerto Rico Dicot

Cobana Negra Stahlia monosperma T Puerto Rico Dicot

Gesneria pauciflora 

(ncn) Gesneria pauciflora T Puerto Rico Dicot

Schoepfia arenaria 

(ncn) Schoepfia arenaria T Puerto Rico Dicot

Fern, Adiantum vivesii Adiantum vivesii E Puerto Rico Ferns

Fern, Elaphoglossum 

serpens Elaphoglossum serpens E Puerto Rico Ferns

Fern, Thelypteris 

inabonensis Thelypteris inabonensis E Puerto Rico Ferns

Fern, Thelypteris 

verecunda Thelypteris verecunda E Puerto Rico Ferns

Fern, Thelypteris 

yaucoensis Thelypteris yaucoensis E Puerto Rico Ferns

Polystichum 

calderonense (ncn) Polystichum calderonense E Puerto Rico Ferns

Tectaria Estremerana Tectaria estremerana E Puerto Rico Ferns

Tree Fern, Elfin Cyathea dryopteroides E Puerto Rico Ferns
289

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Puerto Rico Mammal

Aristida chaseae (ncn) Aristida chaseae E Puerto Rico Monocot

Cranichis Ricartii Cranichis ricartii E Puerto Rico Monocot

Lepanthes eltorensis 

(ncn) Lepanthes eltoroensis E Puerto Rico Monocot

Pelos del Diablo Aristida portoricensis E Puerto Rico Monocot

Walnut, Nogal Juglans jamaicensis E Puerto Rico Monocot

Manaca, palma de Calyptronoma rivalis T Puerto Rico Monocot

Anole, Culebra Island 

Giant Anolis roosevelti E Puerto Rico Reptile

Boa, Puerto Rican Epicrates inornatus E Puerto Rico Reptile

Boa, Virgin Islands 

Tree Epicrates monensis granti E Puerto Rico Reptile

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Puerto Rico Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Puerto Rico Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Puerto Rico Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Puerto Rico Reptile

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Rhode Island Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Rhode Island Bird

Gerardia, Sandplain Agalinis acuta E Rhode Island Dicot

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Rhode Island Fish

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Rhode Island Insect

Puma (=Cougar), 

Eastern

Puma (=Felis) concolor (all 

subsp. except coryi) E Rhode Island Mammal
290

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Rhode Island Mammal

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Rhode Island Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Rhode Island Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Rhode Island Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Rhode Island Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Rhode Island Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Rhode Island Reptile

Salamander, Frosted 

Flatwoods Ambystoma cingulatum T

South 

Carolina Amphibian

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E

South 

Carolina Bird

Warbler (=Wood), 

Kirtland's Dendroica kirtlandii E

South 

Carolina Bird

Warbler, Bachman's Vermivora bachmanii E

South 

Carolina Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis ESouth 

Carolina Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T

South 

Carolina Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T

South 

Carolina Bird

Mussel, Heelsplitter 

Carolina Lasmigona decorata E

South 

Carolina Bivalve

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Dropwort, Canby's Oxypolis canbyi E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Loosestrife, Roughleaved Lysimachia asperulaefolia ESouth 

Carolina Dicot
291

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Pitcher-plant, 

Mountain Sweet Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Pondberry Lindera melissifolia E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Sunflower, 

Schweinitz's Helianthus schweinitzii E

South 

Carolina Dicot

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T

South 

Carolina Dicot

Amphianthus, Little Amphianthus pusillus T

South 

Carolina Dicot

Gooseberry, 

Miccosukee Ribes echinellum T

South 

Carolina Dicot

Heartleaf, Dwarfflowered Hexastylis naniflora TSouth 

Carolina Dicot

Quillwort, Blackspored Isoetes melanospora ESouth 

Carolina Ferns

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E

South 

Carolina Fish

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E

South 

Carolina Lichen

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E

South 

Carolina Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E

South 

Carolina Mammal

Arrowhead, Bunched Sagittaria fasciculata E

South 

Carolina Monocot

Irisette, White Sisyrinchium dichotomum E

South 

Carolina Monocot

Trillium, Persistent Trillium persistens E

South 

Carolina Monocot

Trillium, Relict Trillium reliquum E

South 

Carolina Monocot

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T

South 

Carolina Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T

South 

Carolina Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E

South 

Carolina Reptile
292

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E

South 

Carolina Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E

South 

Carolina Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T

South 

Carolina Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T

South 

Carolina Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T

South 

Carolina Reptile

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E South Dakota Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E South Dakota Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E South Dakota Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T South Dakota Bird

Mussel, Scaleshell Leptodea leptodon E South Dakota Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' 

Eye Lampsilis higginsii E South Dakota Bivalve

Shiner, Topeka Notropis topeka (=tristis) E South Dakota Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E South Dakota Fish

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E South Dakota Insect

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E South Dakota Mammal

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T South Dakota Monocot

Spider, Spruce-fir 

Moss Microhexura montivaga E Tennessee Arachnid

Stork, Wood Mycteria americana E Tennessee Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Tennessee Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Tennessee Bird
293

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Combshell, Upland Epioblasma metastriata E Tennessee Bivalve

Elktoe, Appalachian Alasmidonta raveneliana E Tennessee Bivalve

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Tennessee Bivalve

Kidneyshell, 

Triangular Ptychobranchus greenii E Tennessee Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Coosa 

Moccasinshell Medionidus parvulus E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland 

Combshell Epioblasma brevidens E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland 

Elktoe Alasmidonta atropurpurea E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland 

Pigtoe Pleurobema gibberum E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-rayed 

Pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Georgia 

pigtoe Pleurobema hanleyianum E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Ovate 

Clubshell Pleurobema perovatum E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Oyster Epioblasma capsaeformis E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Ring Pink 

(=Golf Stick Pearly) Obovaria retusa E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Fusconaia cor E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Southern 

Pigtoe Pleurobema georgianum E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Alabama Lamp Lampsilis virescens E Tennessee Bivalve
294

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Pearlymussel, 

Appalachian 

Monkeyface Quadrula sparsa E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Birdwing Lemiox rimosus E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cracking Hemistena lata E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cumberland Bean Villosa trabalis E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cumberland 

Monkeyface Quadrula intermedia E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Dromedary Dromus dromas E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, GreenblossomEpioblasma torulosa 

gubernaculum E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Littlewing Pegias fabula E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Orangefooted Plethobasus cooperianus E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Pale 

Lilliput Toxolasma cylindrellus E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Purple 

Cat's Paw

Epioblasma obliquata 

obliquata E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Tubercled-blossom

Epioblasma torulosa 

torulosa E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Turgidblossom Epioblasma turgidula E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, White 

Wartyback Plethobasus cicatricosus E Tennessee Bivalve

Pearlymussel, YellowblossomEpioblasma florentina 

florentina E Tennessee Bivalve

Purple Bean Villosa perpurpurea E Tennessee Bivalve

Rabbitsfoot, Rough

Quadrula cylindrica 

strigillata E Tennessee Bivalve

Riffleshell, Tan

Epioblasma florentina 

walkeri (=E. walkeri) E Tennessee Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Tennessee Bivalve
295

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Alabama 

Moccasinshell Medionidus acutissimus T Tennessee Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-lined 

Pocketbook Lampsilis altilis T Tennessee Bivalve

Crayfish, Nashville Orconectes shoupi E Tennessee Crustacean

Aster, Ruth's Golden Pityopsis ruthii E Tennessee Dicot

Avens, Spreading Geum radiatum E Tennessee Dicot

Bladderpod, Spring 

Creek Lesquerella perforata E Tennessee Dicot

Bluet, Roan Mountain

Hedyotis purpurea var. 

montana E Tennessee Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Tennessee Dicot

Clover, Leafy Prairie Dalea foliosa E Tennessee Dicot

Ground-plum, 

Guthrie's Astragalus bibullatus E Tennessee Dicot

Pitcher-plant, Green Sarracenia oreophila E Tennessee Dicot

Rock-cress, Braun's

Arabis perstellata E. L. 

Braun var. ampla Rollins E Tennessee Dicot

Sandwort, Cumberland Arenaria cumberlandensis E Tennessee Dicot

Goldenrod, Blue Ridge Solidago spithamaea T Tennessee Dicot

Potato-bean, Price's Apios priceana T Tennessee Dicot

Rosemary, 

Cumberland Conradina verticillata T Tennessee Dicot

Skullcap, Largeflowered Scutellaria montana T Tennessee Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Tennessee Dicot
296

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Fern, American hart'stongueAsplenium scolopendrium 

var. americanum T Tennessee Ferns

Chucky Madtom Noturus crypticus E Tennessee Fish

Cumberland darter Etheostoma susanae E Tennessee Fish

Darter, Amber Percina antesella E Tennessee Fish

Darter, Bluemask 

(=jewel) Etheostoma sp. E Tennessee Fish

Darter, Boulder Etheostoma wapiti E Tennessee Fish

Darter, Duskytail Etheostoma percnurum E Tennessee Fish

Laurel dace Chrosomus aylori E Tennessee Fish

Logperch, Conasauga Percina jenkinsi E Tennessee Fish

Madtom, Pygmy Noturus stanauli E Tennessee Fish

Madtom, Smoky Noturus baileyi E Tennessee Fish

Shiner, Palezone Notropis albizonatus E Tennessee Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Tennessee Fish

Chub, Slender Erimystax cahni T Tennessee Fish

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T Tennessee Fish

Dace, Blackside Phoxinus cumberlandensis T Tennessee Fish

Darter, Slackwater Etheostoma boschungi T Tennessee Fish

Darter, Snail Percina tanasi T Tennessee Fish

Madtom, Yellowfin Noturus flavipinnis T Tennessee Fish

Shiner, Blue Cyprinella caerulea T Tennessee Fish
297

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Marstonia, Royal 

(=Royal Snail) Pyrgulopsis ogmorhaphe E Tennessee Gastropod

Riversnail, Anthony's Athearnia anthonyi E Tennessee Gastropod

Snail, Painted Snake 

Coiled Forest Anguispira picta T Tennessee Gastropod

Lichen, Rock Gnome Gymnoderma lineare E Tennessee Lichen

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Tennessee Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Tennessee Mammal

Squirrel, Carolina 

Northern Flying

Glaucomys sabrinus 

coloratus E Tennessee Mammal

Grass, Tennessee 

Yellow-eyed Xyris tennesseensis E Tennessee Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Tennessee Monocot

Salamander, Barton 

Springs Eurycea sosorum E Texas Amphibian

Salamander, Texas 

Blind Typhlomolge rathbuni E Texas Amphibian

Toad, Houston Bufo houstonensis E Texas Amphibian

Salamander, San 

Marcos Eurycea nana T Texas Amphibian

Harvestman, Bee 

Creek Cave Texella reddelli E Texas Arachnid

Harvestman, Bone 

Cave Texella reyesi E Texas Arachnid

Harvestman, 

Cokendolpher Cave Texella cokendolpheri E Texas Arachnid

Meshweaver, Braken 

Bat Cave Cicurina venii E Texas Arachnid

Meshweaver, 

Government Canyon 

Bat Cave Cicurina vespera E Texas Arachnid

Meshweaver, Madla's 

Cave Cicurina madla E Texas Arachnid

Meshweaver, Robber 

Baron Cave Cicurina baronia E Texas Arachnid
298

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Pseudoscorpion, Tooth 

Cave Tartarocreagris texana E Texas Arachnid

Spider, Government 

Canyon Bat Cave Neoleptoneta microps E Texas Arachnid

Spider, Tooth Cave Leptoneta myopica E Texas Arachnid

Crane, Mississippi 

Sandhill Grus canadensis pulla E Texas Bird

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Texas Bird

Curlew, Eskimo Numenius borealis E Texas Bird

Falcon, Northern 

Aplomado

Falco femoralis 

septentrionalis E Texas Bird

Flycatcher, 

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus E Texas Bird

Prairie-chicken, 

Attwater's Greater

Tympanuchus cupido 

attwateri E Texas Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Texas Bird

Vireo, Black-capped Vireo atricapilla E Texas Bird

Warbler (=Wood), 

Golden-cheeked Dendroica chrysoparia E Texas Bird

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Texas Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Texas Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Texas Bird

Amphipod, Peck's 

Cave

Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) 

pecki E Texas Crustacean

Ambrosia, South 

Texas Ambrosia cheiranthifolia E Texas Dicot

Ayenia, Texas Ayenia limitaris E Texas Dicot

Bladderpod, White Lesquerella pallida E Texas Dicot

Bladderpod, Zapata Lesquerella thamnophila E Texas Dicot

Cactus, Black Lace

Echinocereus reichenbachii 

var. albertii E Texas Dicot

Cactus, Nellie Cory Coryphantha minima E Texas Dicot
299

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Cactus, Sneed 

Pincushion

Coryphantha sneedii var. 

sneedii E Texas Dicot

Cactus, Star Astrophytum asterias E Texas Dicot

Cactus, Tobusch 

Fishhook Ancistrocactus tobuschii E Texas Dicot

Cat's-eye, Terlingua 

Creek Cryptantha crassipes E Texas Dicot

Dawn-flower, Texas 

Prairie (=Texas 

Bitterweed) Hymenoxys texana E Texas Dicot

Dogweed, Ashy Thymophylla tephroleuca E Texas Dicot

Frankenia, Johnston's Frankenia johnstonii E Texas Dicot

Manioc, Walker's Manihot walkerae E Texas Dicot

Phlox, Texas Trailing Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis E Texas Dicot

Pitaya, Davis' Green

Echinocereus viridiflorus 

var. davisii E Texas Dicot

Poppy-mallow, Texas Callirhoe scabriuscula E Texas Dicot

Rush-pea, Slender Hoffmannseggia tenella E Texas Dicot

Sand-verbena, Largefruited Abronia macrocarpa E Texas Dicot

Snowbells, Texas Styrax texanus E Texas Dicot

Cactus, Bunched Cory Coryphantha ramillosa T Texas Dicot

Cactus, Chisos 

Mountain Hedgehog

Echinocereus chisoensis var. 

chisoensis T Texas Dicot

Cactus, Lloyd's 

Mariposa Echinomastus mariposensis T Texas Dicot

Fruit, Earth 

(=geocarpon) Geocarpon minimum T Texas Dicot

Oak, Hinckley Quercus hinckleyi T Texas Dicot

Sunflower, Pecos Helianthus paradoxus T Texas Dicot

Darter, Fountain Etheostoma fonticola E Texas Fish
300

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Gambusia, Big Bend Gambusia gaigei E Texas Fish

Gambusia, Clear 

Creek Gambusia heterochir E Texas Fish

Gambusia, Pecos Gambusia nobilis E Texas Fish

Gambusia, San Marcos Gambusia georgei E Texas Fish

Pupfish, Comanche 

Springs Cyprinodon elegans E Texas Fish

Pupfish, Leon Springs Cyprinodon bovinus E Texas Fish

Minnow, Devils River Dionda diaboli T Texas Fish

Shiner, Arkansas River Notropis girardi T Texas Fish

Snail, Pecos 

Assiminea Assiminea pecos E Texas Gastropod

Beetle, American 

Burying Nicrophorus americanus E Texas Insect

Beetle, Coffin Cave 

Mold Batrisodes texanus E Texas Insect

Beetle, Comal Springs 

Dryopid Stygoparnus comalensis E Texas Insect

Beetle, Comal Springs 

Riffle Heterelmis comalensis E Texas Insect

Beetle, Helotes Mold Batrisodes venyivi E Texas Insect

Beetle, Kretschmarr 

Cave Mold Texamaurops reddelli E Texas Insect

Beetle, Tooth Cave 

Ground Rhadine persephone E Texas Insect

Rhadine exilis (ncn) Rhadine exilis E Texas Insect

Rhadine infernalis 

(ncn) Rhadine infernalis E Texas Insect

Bat, Mexican Longnosed Leptonycteris nivalis E Texas Mammal

Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast

Herpailurus (=Felis) 

yagouaroundi cacomitli E Texas Mammal
301

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus E Texas Mammal

Ocelot Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis E Texas Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Texas Mammal

Bear, Louisiana Black Ursus americanus luteolus T Texas Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, 

Navasota Spiranthes parksii E Texas Monocot

Pondweed, Little 

Aguja Creek Potamogeton clystocarpus E Texas Monocot

Wild-rice, Texas Zizania texana E Texas Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Texas Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Texas Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Texas Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Texas Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Texas Reptile

Condor, California Gymnogyps californianus E Utah Bird

Flycatcher, 

Southwestern Willow Empidonax traillii extimus E Utah Bird

Owl, Mexican Spotted Strix occidentalis lucida T Utah Bird

Bearclaw poppy, 

Dwarf Arctomecon humilis E Utah Dicot

Bladderpod, 

Kodachrome Lesquerella tumulosa E Utah Dicot

Buttercup, Autumn

Ranunculus aestivalis 

(=acriformis) E Utah Dicot

Cactus, San Rafael Pediocactus despainii E Utah Dicot

Cactus, Wright 

Fishhook Sclerocactus wrightiae E Utah Dicot
302

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Astragalus holmgreniorum E Utah Dicot

Milk-vetch, Shivwits Astragalus ampullarioides E Utah Dicot

Phacelia, Clay Phacelia argillacea E Utah Dicot

Reed-mustard, 

Barneby Schoenocrambe barnebyi E Utah Dicot

Reed-mustard, 

Shrubby

Schoenocrambe 

suffrutescens E Utah Dicot

Ridge-cress (=Peppercress), Barneby Lepidium barnebyanum E Utah Dicot

Cactus, Colorado 

hookless Sclerocactus glaucus T Utah Dicot

Cactus, Pariette Sclerocactus brevispinus T Utah Dicot

Cactus, Siler 

Pincushion

Pediocactus 

(=Echinocactus,=Utahia) 

sileri T Utah Dicot

Cactus, Uinta Basin 

hookless Sclerocactus wetlandicus T Utah Dicot

Cactus, Winkler Pediocactus winkleri T Utah Dicot

Cycladenia, Jones

Cycladenia jonesii 

(=humilis) T Utah Dicot

Milk-vetch, Deseret Astragalus desereticus T Utah Dicot

Milk-vetch, Heliotrope Astragalus montii T Utah Dicot

Milkweed, Welsh's Asclepias welshii T Utah Dicot

Primrose, Maguire Primula maguirei T Utah Dicot

Reed-mustard, Clay Schoenocrambe argillacea T Utah Dicot

Townsendia, Last 

Chance Townsendia aprica T Utah Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Utah Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Utah Fish

Chub, Virgin River Gila seminuda (=robusta) E Utah Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Utah Fish
303

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sucker, June Chasmistes liorus E Utah Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Utah Fish

Woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus E Utah Fish

Trout, Lahontan 

Cutthroat

Oncorhynchus clarki 

henshawi T Utah Fish

Ambersnail, Kanab

Oxyloma haydeni 

kanabensis E Utah Gastropod

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Utah Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Utah Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Utah Mammal

Prairie Dog, Utah Cynomys parvidens T Utah Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Utah Monocot

Sedge, Navajo Carex specuicola T Utah Monocot

Tortoise, Desert Gopherus agassizii T Utah Reptile

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Vermont Bivalve

Milk-vetch, Jesup's

Astragalus robbinsii var. 

jesupi E Vermont Dicot

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Vermont Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Vermont Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Vermont Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Vermont Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Vermont Monocot

Coral, Elkhorn Acropora palmata T Virgin Islands Coral

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis T Virgin Islands Coral

Boxwood, Vahl's Buxus vahlii E Virgin Islands Dicot

Catesbaea 

Melanocarpa (ncn) Catesbaea melanocarpa E Virgin Islands Dicot

Lizard, St. Croix 

Ground Ameiva polops E Virgin Islands Reptile
304

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Salamander, 

Shenandoah Plethodon shenandoah E Virginia Amphibian

Spider, Spruce-fir 

Moss Microhexura montivaga E Virginia Arachnid

Woodpecker, Redcockaded Picoides borealis E Virginia Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Virginia Bird

Tern, Roseate Sterna dougallii dougallii E/T Virginia Bird

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E Virginia Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, Cumberland 

Combshell Epioblasma brevidens E Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Alasmidonta heterodon E Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, Fine-rayed 

Pigtoe Fusconaia cuneolus E Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, Oyster Epioblasma capsaeformis E Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Pleurobema plenum E Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Fusconaia cor E Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Appalachian 

Monkeyface Quadrula sparsa E Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Birdwing Lemiox rimosus E Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cracking Hemistena lata E Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cumberland Bean Villosa trabalis E Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Cumberland 

Monkeyface Quadrula intermedia E Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Dromedary Dromus dromas E Virginia Bivalve
305

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Pearlymussel, GreenblossomEpioblasma torulosa 

gubernaculum E Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Littlewing Pegias fabula E Virginia Bivalve

Purple Bean Villosa perpurpurea E Virginia Bivalve

Rabbitsfoot, Rough

Quadrula cylindrica 

strigillata E Virginia Bivalve

Rayed Bean Villosa fabalis E Virginia Bivalve

Riffleshell, Tan

Epioblasma florentina 

walkeri (=E. walkeri) E Virginia Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Virginia Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Virginia Bivalve

Spinymussel, James 

River Pleurobema collina E Virginia Bivalve

Isopod, Lee County 

Cave Lirceus usdagalun E Virginia Crustacean

Isopod, Madison Cave Antrolana lira T Virginia Crustacean

Bittercress, Smallanthered Cardamine micranthera E Virginia Dicot

Chaffseed, American Schwalbea americana E Virginia Dicot

Coneflower, Smooth Echinacea laevigata E Virginia Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E Virginia Dicot

Mallow, Peter's 

Mountain Iliamna corei E Virginia Dicot

Rock-cress, Shale 

Barren Arabis serotina E Virginia Dicot

Sumac, Michaux's Rhus michauxii E Virginia Dicot

Sunflower, 

Schweinitz's Helianthus schweinitzii E Virginia Dicot

Amaranth, Seabeach Amaranthus pumilus T Virginia Dicot

Birch, Virginia Roundleaf Betula uber T Virginia Dicot

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Aeschynomene virginica T Virginia Dicot
306

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Sneezeweed, Virginia Helenium virginicum T Virginia Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T Virginia Dicot

Darter, Duskytail Etheostoma percnurum E Virginia Fish

Logperch, Conasauga Percina jenkinsi E Virginia Fish

Logperch, Roanoke Percina rex E Virginia Fish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum E Virginia Fish

Chub, Slender Erimystax cahni T Virginia Fish

Chub, Spotfin Erimonax monachus T Virginia Fish

Dace, Blackside Phoxinus cumberlandensis T Virginia Fish

Madtom, Yellowfin Noturus flavipinnis T Virginia Fish

Snail, Virginia Fringed 

Mountain Polygyriscus virginianus E Virginia Gastropod

Butterfly, Mitchell's 

Satyr

Neonympha mitchellii 

mitchellii E Virginia Insect

Beetle, Northeastern 

Beach Tiger Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis T Virginia Insect

Bat, Gray Myotis grisescens E Virginia Mammal

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E Virginia Mammal

Bat, Ozark Big-eared

Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) 

townsendii ingens E Virginia Mammal

Squirrel, Carolina 

Northern Flying

Glaucomys sabrinus 

coloratus E Virginia Mammal

Squirrel, Delmarva 

Peninsula Fox Sciurus niger cinereus E Virginia Mammal

Squirrel, Virginia 

Northern Flying Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus E Virginia Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Virginia Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E Virginia Monocot

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Virginia Monocot
307

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Pink, Swamp Helonias bullata T Virginia Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T Virginia Monocot

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata E Virginia Reptile

Sea turtle, Kemp's 

ridley Lepidochelys kempii E Virginia Reptile

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Virginia Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Virginia Reptile

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta E/T Virginia Reptile

Turtle, Bog Clemmys muhlenbergii T Virginia Reptile

Albatross, Short-tailed

Phoebastria (=Diomedea) 

albatrus E Washington Bird

Murrelet, Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus T Washington Bird

Owl, Northern Spotted Strix occidentalis caurina T Washington Bird

Plover, Western 

Snowy

Charadrius alexandrinus 

nivosus T Washington Bird

Checker-mallow, 

Wenatchee Mountains Sidalcea oregana var. calva E Washington Dicot

Lomatium, Bradshaw's Lomatium bradshawii E Washington Dicot

Sandwort, Marsh Arenaria paludicola E Washington Dicot

Stickseed, Showy Hackelia venusta E Washington Dicot

Catchfly, Spalding's Silene spaldingii T Washington Dicot

Checker-mallow, 

Nelson's Sidalcea nelsoniana T Washington Dicot

Howellia, Water Howellia aquatilis T Washington Dicot
308

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Lupine, Kincaid's

Lupinus sulphureus 

(=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii 

(=var. kincaidii) T Washington Dicot

Paintbrush, Golden Castilleja levisecta T Washington Dicot

Rockfish, Bocaccio Sebastes paucispinis E Washington Fish

Salmon, Sockeye

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

nerka E Washington Fish

Salmon, Chinook

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

tshawytscha E/T Washington Fish

Steelhead

Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) 

mykiss E/T Washington Fish

Trout, Apache Oncorhynchus apache T Washington Fish

Trout, Bull Salvelinus confluentus T Washington Fish

Butterfly, Oregon 

Silverspot Speyeria zerene hippolyta T Washington Insect

Caribou, Woodland Rangifer tarandus caribou E Washington Mammal

Deer, Columbian 

White-tailed

Odocoileus virginianus 

leucurus E Washington Mammal

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Washington Mammal

Killer whale, Southern 

Resident DPS Orcinus orca E Washington Mammal

Rabbit, Pygmy Brachylagus idahoensis E Washington Mammal

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus E Washington Mammal

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus E Washington Mammal

Bear, Grizzly Ursus arctos horribilis T Washington Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Washington Mammal
309

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Washington Monocot

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea E Washington Reptile

Sea turtle, green Chelonia mydas E/T Washington Reptile

Salamander, Cheat

Mountain Plethodon nettingi T West Virginia Amphibian

Fanshell Cyprogenia stegaria E West Virginia Bivalve

Mucket, Pink 

(Pearlymussel) Lampsilis abrupta E West Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, Clubshell Pleurobema clava E West Virginia Bivalve

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E West Virginia Bivalve

Pearlymussel, 

Tubercled-blossom

Epioblasma torulosa 

torulosa E West Virginia Bivalve

Riffleshell, Northern

Epioblasma torulosa 

rangiana E West Virginia Bivalve

Spinymussel, James 

River Pleurobema collina E West Virginia Bivalve

Isopod, Madison Cave Antrolana lira T West Virginia Crustacean

Clover, Running 

Buffalo Trifolium stoloniferum E West Virginia Dicot

Harperella Ptilimnium nodosum E West Virginia Dicot

Rock-cress, Shale 

Barren Arabis serotina E West Virginia Dicot

Spiraea, Virginia Spiraea virginiana T West Virginia Dicot

Snail, Flat-spired 

Three-toothed Triodopsis platysayoides T West Virginia Gastropod

Bat, Indiana Myotis sodalis E West Virginia Mammal

Bat, Virginia BigearedCorynorhinus (=Plecotus) 

townsendii virginianus E West Virginia Mammal
310

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Puma (=Cougar), 

Eastern

Puma (=Felis) concolor (all 

subsp. except coryi) E West Virginia Mammal

Squirrel, Virginia 

Northern Flying Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus E West Virginia Mammal

Bulrush, Northeastern 

(=Barbed Bristle) Scirpus ancistrochaetus E West Virginia Monocot

Pogonia, Small 

Whorled Isotria medeoloides T West Virginia Monocot

Warbler (=Wood), 

Kirtland's Dendroica kirtlandii E Wisconsin Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Wisconsin Bird

Mussel, snuffbox Epioblasma triquetra E Wisconsin Bivalve

Mussel, Winged 

Mapleleaf Quadrula fragosa E Wisconsin Bivalve

Pearlymussel, Higgins' 

Eye Lampsilis higginsii E Wisconsin Bivalve

Sheepnose mussel Plethobasus cyphyus E Wisconsin Bivalve

Spectaclecase mussel Cumberlandia monodonta E Wisconsin Bivalve

Clover, Prairie Bush Lespedeza leptostachya T Wisconsin Dicot

Locoweed, Fassett's

Oxytropis campestris var. 

chartacea T Wisconsin Dicot

Milkweed, Mead's Asclepias meadii T Wisconsin Dicot

Monkshood, Northern 

Wild Aconitum noveboracense T Wisconsin Dicot

Thistle, Pitcher's Cirsium pitcheri T Wisconsin Dicot

Butterfly, Karner Blue Lycaeides melissa samuelis E Wisconsin Insect

Dragonfly, Hine's 

Emerald Somatochlora hineana E Wisconsin Insect

Gray Wolf Canis lupus E Wisconsin Mammal
311

INVNAME SCINAME Status

STATE 

NAME Taxon

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Wisconsin Mammal

Iris, Dwarf Lake Iris lacustris T Wisconsin Monocot

Orchid, Eastern Prairie 

Fringed Platanthera leucophaea T Wisconsin Monocot

Toad, Wyoming Bufo baxteri (=hemiophrys) E Wyoming Amphibian

Crane, Whooping Grus americana E Wyoming Bird

Tern, Interior 

(population) Least Sterna antillarum E Wyoming Bird

Plover, Piping Charadrius melodus E/T Wyoming Bird

Penstemon, Blowout Penstemon haydenii E Wyoming Dicot

Butterfly Plant, 

Colorado

Gaura neomexicana var. 

coloradensis T Wyoming Dicot

Yellowhead, Desert Yermo xanthocephalus T Wyoming Dicot

Chub, Bonytail Gila elegans E Wyoming Fish

Chub, Humpback Gila cypha E Wyoming Fish

Squawfish, Colorado Ptychocheilus lucius E Wyoming Fish

Sturgeon, Pallid Scaphirhynchus albus E Wyoming Fish

Sucker, Razorback Xyrauchen texanus E Wyoming Fish

Ferret, Black-footed Mustela nigripes E Wyoming Mammal

Lynx, Canada Lynx canadensis T Wyoming Mammal

Mouse, Preble's 

Meadow Jumping Zapus hudsonius preblei T Wyoming Mammal

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Spiranthes diluvialis T Wyoming Monocot

Orchid, Western 

Prairie Fringed Platanthera praeclara T Wyoming Monocot