rri IriISrimSomasundamDOEWorkshopJuly11,2000EE-RM/Sm-oo..100bl>tII1IIIri IriI·SrimSomasundamDOEWorkshopJuly11,2000EE-RM/Sm-oo..100bl>tII1IIIEE-RM/STD-GO-100r•EPCA-1992efficiencylevelsbasedonASHRAEStandard90.1-1989•EPACTsetatriggeringmechanismforupdatingtheselevelsfollowingrevisionstoStandard90.1-1989•ASHRAEupdatedefficiencylevelsusingaLCC-basedanalysis(1994)withindustry-suppliedcost-efficiencycurvesandnegotiatedconsensusprocess•MostoftheefficiencylevelincreasesinStd.90.1-1999haveoccurredonthecoolingequipmentcategoriesEE-RM/STD-GO-100r•EPCA-1992efficiencylevelsbasedonASHRAEStandard90.1-1989•EPACTsetatriggeringmechanismforupdatingtheselevelsfollowingrevisionstoStandard90.1-1989•ASHRAEupdatedefficiencylevelsusingaLCC-basedanalysis(1994)withindustry-suppliedcost-efficiencycurvesandnegotiatedconsensusprocess•MostoftheefficiencylevelincreasesinStd.90.1-1999haveoccurredonthecoolingequipmentcategoriesEE..RM/STD-oo..1bI•DOEanalysisbuildsonapproachusedforASHRAE90.1-1999analysis-Morerecentcostdata(firstcostandrelativecostcurvesforboilers)-Differentdiscountrates(70/0versus120/0)-Greatervarietyofbuildingprototypes(7versus2)-Moredisaggregatedfuelprices(bysub-censusdivision)•Theresultsindicatethat,forsomeproducts,thereispotentialforsignificantadditionalenergysavingsEE..RM/STD-oo..1bI•DOEanalysisbuildsonapproachusedforASHRAE90.1-1999analysis-Morerecentcostdata(firstcostandrelativecostcurvesforboilers)-Differentdiscountrates(70/0versus120/0)-Greatervarietyofbuildingprototypes(7versus2)-Moredisaggregatedfuelprices(bysub-censusdivision)•Theresultsindicatethat,forsomeproducts,thereispotentialforsignificantadditionalenergysavingsEE-RM/STO-G0-100I!IIIItiQuestion:Whyareanalysisresultsforlife-cycle-costbasedequipmentefficiencylevelsdifferentbetween•ASHRAE90.1-1999(asofpublication)•ASHRAEAnalysisResults(90.1-1999workcirca1994)•DOEScreeningAnalysis(circa2000).IerencesD'fliBtweeenA InalvsesDifferenceASHRAEAnalySisDOEScreenin!!AnalvsisFirstCostDatafor1994datagatheredbythecommitteemembers1999datagatheredbyIndustryConsultantandPNNLEquipmentRelativeCostvs.1994datacollectedbyARTfromindustryandCooling:1994datacollectedbyARIfromindustryandprovidedforASHRAEEfficiencyCurvesprovidedforASHRAE90.1process90.lprocess.SomeextensionsmadetohigherefficiencylevelsforspecificproductscategoriesbasedonextrapolationofARIcurves.Heating:Furnacedatafrom1994GAMAinputtoASHRAEanalysis.Boilerdatafrom1995PNNLcontractorcostsurvey.WaterHeating:Waterheatingdataderivedprimarilyfrom1995PNNLcontractorcostsurvevEconomicBasedonASHRAEScalarRatioof8(source:90.1BasedonDiscountRateof7%andtime-varyingregional(augmentedcensusAssumptionsCriteriaDevelopmentsubcommitteecirca1992)division)electriccostescalationrates(30yearU.S.averageof-0.5%)andcorrespondingtoadiscountrateof12%andfuelcostnaturalgascostescalationrateof0%(source:30yrprojectionfromEIA).escalationrateofO%(real)FuelCostBasedonnationalaverageelectricitycostestimatedatBasedonregional(augmentedcensusdivision)electricitycostvaryingfromAssumptions$0.08/kWh(basedonworkdonebyASHRAE90.1$0.05/kWh(PacificNorthwest)to$0.098/kWh(NortheastiMidAtiantic)criteriadevelopmentsubcommitteecirca1992),(source:EIA)'AnalysisApproach:NationalaverageFLEOHcalculatedforeachFLEOHandresultantlife-cyclecostcalculatedforeachequipmentcategoryBasisandFullLoadequipmentcategorybasedonconstructionvolumeofwithineachbuildingtypeandcensusdivisionandweightedtonationalresultEquivalentOperatingofficeandretailFLEOHNationalaverageFLEOH(constructionvolumeandbuildingtypeweighted)HoursanalvsisofLCCforeachefficiencvlevelorovidedasacheckonresults.EE-RM/STO-G0-100I!IIIItiQuestion:Whyareanalysisresultsforlife-cycle-costbasedequipmentefficiencylevelsdifferentbetween•ASHRAE90.1-1999(asofpublication)•ASHRAEAnalysisResults(90.1-1999workcirca1994)•DOEScreeningAnalysis(circa2000).IerencesD'fliBtweeenA InalvsesDifferenceASHRAEAnalvsisDOEScreeninl!AnalvsisFirstCostDatafor1994datagatheredbythecommitteemembers1999datagatheredbyIndustryConsultantandPNNLEauiomentRelativeCostvs.1994datacollectedbyARTfromindustryandCooling:1994datacollectedbyARIfromindustryandprovidedforASHRAEEfficiencyCurvesprovidedforASHRAE90.1process90.lprocess.SomeextensionsmadetohigherefficiencylevelsforspecificproductscategoriesbasedonextrapolationofARIcurves.Heating:Furnacedatafrom1994GAMAinputtoASHRAEanalysis.Boilerdatafrom1995PNNLcontractorcostsurvey.WaterHeating:Waterheatingdataderivedprimarilyfrom1995PNNLcontractorcostsurvevEconomicBasedonASHRAEScalarRatioof8(source:90.1BasedonDiscountRateof7%andtime-varyingregional(augmentedcensusAssumptionsCriteriaDevelopmentsubcommitteecirca1992)division)electriccostescalationrates(30yearU.S.averageof-0.5%)andcorrespondingtoadiscountrateof12%andfuelcostnaturalgascostescalationrateof0%(source:30yrprojectionfromEIA).escalationrateofO%(real)FuelCostBasedonnationalaverageelectricitycostestimatedatBasedonregional(augmentedcensusdivision)electricitycostvaryingfromAssumptions$0.08/kWh(basedonworkdonebyASHRAE90.1$0.05/kWh(PacificNorthwest)to$0.098/kWh(NortheastiMidAtlantic)criteriadeveloomentsubcommitteecirca1992).(source:EIA).AnalysisApproach:NationalaverageFLEOHcalculatedforeachFLEOHandresultantlife-cyclecostcalculatedforeachequipmentcategoryBasisandFullLoadequipmentcategorybasedonconstructionvolumeofwithineachbuildingtypeandcensusdivisionandweightedtonationalresultEquivalentOperatingofficeandretailFLEOHNationalaverageFLEOH(constructionvolumeandbuildingtypeweighted)HoursanalvsisofLCCforeach efficiencvlevelprovidedasacheckonresults.AnalysisApproach:BuildingTypesAnalysisApproach:BuildingTypesWhatwasdonewiththeanalysis?IIII!I(Twobuildingtypes(OfficeandRetail)•••Schedulesandloaddatabasedon90.1-1989assumptionswithmodificationsbyASHRAE90.1mechanicalsubcommitteeBothbuildingsmodeledwere3stories,48,000flinsizeBothOfficeandRetailbuildingsmodeledwith20%window-to-wall(WWR)ratio.Economizerassumedforsystemswithcapacitygreaterthan7.5tons,noeconomizerotherwise.Setbackassumedforequipmentbasedon90.1controlsrequirementResultsfromanalysisprovidedto90.1committee.ARIprovidedareviewofanalysisresultswithsuggestedmodificationsbasedonHVACindustrysuggestions(circa1994,SeeDocumentationofARIletter).ARIproposedmodificationsacceptedby90.1committee.Someminormodificationsin90.1committeelaterontodealwithchangeintestproceduresforwater-source/ground-watersource/ground-sourceheatpumpsmovingtoISOstandardEE-RM/STD-00..100tit')Sevenbuildingtypes(Office,Retail,Education,Assembly,Warehouse,Lodging,FoodService)•Schedulesandloaddatabasedon90.1-1989assumptionswithmodificationsbasedonmeteredcommercialbuildingdataandCBECSobservations(modelingdataprovidedtoASHRAE90.1committeeinDOEPreliminaryFindingsreportcirca1996.•Bothbuildingsmodeledwere3stories,48,000feinsize,howeverloadsforallbuildingtypeswerescaledtoreflecttypicalbuildingsizesforeachcategory.•BuildingWWRvariedbybuildingtypeandwaseithersetat10%or20%dependingonbuildingtypeandregion(Source:PreliminaryFindingsreviewofCBECS92)EconomizerandsetbackusageweightedusingCBECsreporteddatabybuildingtype(mostbuildingsreportusingeconomizersandsetback)withoutvariationbysystemcapacityResultsfromDOEscreeninganalysisofHVACproductsusedas1)acheckonvalidityofcost-effectiveefficiencylevelforHVACproducts,2)anassessmentofnationalenergysavingspotentialtogotohigherstandards,and3)areviewofpotentialissuesinsettingmanufacturingstandardsforEPACTcoveredproducts.AnalysisApproach:BuildingTypesAnalysisApproach:BuildingTypesWhatwasdonewiththeanalysis?IIII!I(Twobuildingtypes(OfficeandRetail)•••Schedulesandloaddatabasedon90.1-1989assumptionswithmodificationsbyASHRAE90.1mechanicalsubcommitteeBothbuildingsmodeledwere3stories,48,000flinsizeBothOfficeandRetailbuildingsmodeledwith20%window-to-wall(WWR)ratio.Economizerassumedforsystemswithcapacitygreaterthan7.5tons,noeconomizerotherwise.Setbackassumedforequipmentbasedon90.1controlsrequirementResultsfromanalysisprovidedto90.1committee.ARIprovidedareviewofanalysisresultswithsuggestedmodificationsbasedonHVACindustrysuggestions(circa1994,SeeDocumentationofARIletter).ARIproposedmodificationsacceptedby90.1committee.Someminormodificationsin90.1committeelaterontodealwithchangeintestproceduresforwater-source/ground-watersource/ground-sourceheatpumj2smovingtoISOstandardEE-RM/STD-00..100tit')Sevenbuildingtypes(Office,Retail,Education,Assembly,Warehouse,Lodging,FoodService)•Schedulesandloaddatabasedon90.1-1989assumptionswithmodificationsbasedonmeteredcommercialbuildingdataandCBECSobservations(modelingdataprovidedtoASHRAE90.1committeeinDOEPreliminaryFindingsreportcirca1996.•Bothbuildingsmodeledwere3stories,48,000feinsize,howeverloadsforallbuildingtypeswerescaledtoreflecttypicalbuildingsizesforeachcategory.•BuildingWWRvariedbybuildingtypeandwaseithersetat10%or20%dependingonbuildingtypeandregion(Source:PreliminaryFindingsreviewofCBECS92)EconomizerandsetbackusageweightedusingCBECsreporteddatabybuildingtype(mostbuildingsreportusingeconomizersandsetback)withoutvariationbysystemcapacityResultsfromDOEscreeninganalysisofHVACproductsusedas1)acheckonvalidityofcost-effectiveefficiencylevelforHVACproducts,2)anassessmentofnationalenergysavingspotentialtogotohigherstandards,and3)areviewofpotentialissuesinsettingmanufacturingstandardsforEPACTcoveredproducts.rII1IIIIII1III•Analyzed22coolingeqpt.categoriesincluding3-phaseresidentialsizeeqpt.,air-andwatercooledunitaryeqpt.,andpackageterminalalcandhlp(PTACandPTHP)•Analyzed10heatingeqpt.categoriesincludingboilersandfurnaces• .Analyzed7waterheatingeqpt.categoriesincludingstorageandinstantaneouswaterheatersbrII1IIIIII1III•Analyzed22coolingeqpt.categoriesincluding3-phaseresidentialsizeeqpt.,air-andwatercooledunitaryeqpt.,andpackageterminalalcandhlp(PTACandPTHP)•Analyzed10heatingeqpt.categoriesincludingboilersandfurnaces• .Analyzed7waterheatingeqpt.categoriesincludingstorageandinstantaneouswaterheatersbEE-RM/STO-OO_1lII!ItIGenericBuildingBLASTModelScalingSpreadsheetsEE-RM/STO-OO_1lII!ItIGenericBuildingBLASTModelScalingSpreadsheetsilil1liIr-Typicalspacecoolingandheatingloadprofilesforsevenrepresentativebuildingtypes-Assembly,Retail,Office,Education,FoodServices,LodgingandWarehouse-Thesesevenbuildingtypesaccountfor78%ofthetotalcommercialbuildingenergyuse-BuildingcharacteristicswerederivedmostlyfromC Sdatatorepresentexistingbuildingsilil1liIr-Typicalspacecoolingandheatingloadprofilesforsevenrepresentativebuildingtypes-Assembly,Retail,Office,Education,FoodServices,LodgingandWarehouse-Thesesevenbuildingtypesaccountfor78%ofthetotalcommercialbuildingenergyuse-BuildingcharacteristicswerederivedmostlyfromCCSdatatorepresentexistingbuildings!!IIrlrftiti!!III•Internalgainsfromlightsandequipment-ModifiedASHRAE90.1-1989Schedules-Peaklightingdensitiesbasedonprojectionsfor2010-PeakequipmentdensitiesbasedonASHRAE90.1-1989,ELCAP,utilitiesandothermeteringstudies•Envelopcharacteristics-WWRsvariedbybuildingtypebasedonCBECSdata-R-valueforwallsandroofs/ceilingsalsobasedonCBECSdata•Ventilationrequirements-BasedonASHRAEStandard62-1989(15-20cfm/person)b!!IIrlrftiti!!III•Internalgainsfromlightsandequipment-ModifiedASHRAE90.1-1989Schedules-Peaklightingdensitiesbasedonprojectionsfor2010-PeakequipmentdensitiesbasedonASHRAE90.1-1989,ELCAP,utilitiesandothermeteringstudies•Envelopcharacteristics-WWRsvariedbybuildingtypebasedonCBECSdata-R-valueforwallsandroofs/ceilingsalsobasedonCBECSdata•Ventilationrequirements-BasedonASHRAEStandard62-1989(15-20cfm/person)brttiIittirttiIittiII1IIIIII1IIIr•Inputs-Differentefficiencylevelsanalyzed-Firstcostforthebaselineefficiency-Relativecostversusefficiencydata•Outputs-PotentialEnergySavings-LCC,NationalNetPresentValue-ReductioninC02emissionsII1IIIIII1IIIr•Inputs-Differentefficiencylevelsanalyzed-Firstcostforthebaselineefficiency-Relativecostversusefficiencydata•Outputs-PotentialEnergySavings-LCC,NationalNetPresentValue-ReductioninC02emissionsScreeningAnalysisResultsProductCategory3-PhaseSinglePackageAirSourceAC<65kBtu/hCentralAirSourceAC135-240kBtu/hPackagedTerminalAirConditioners3-PhaseSplitAirSourceAC<65kBtu/hPackagedTerminalHeatPumpsSmallGas-FiredBoilers#2.5mmBtu3-PhaseSinglePackageAirSourceHP<65kBtu/hTanklessGasInstantaneousWaterHeatersLargeGas-FiredBoilers>2.5mmBtu3-PhaseSplitAirSourceHP<65kBtu/hCentral,WaterSourceHP17-65kBtu/hCentralAirSourceHP135-240kBtu/hElectricWaterHeater(120gal)CentralWaterCooledAC65-135kBtu/hCentralWaterCooledAC135-240kBtu/hCentralAirSourceAC65-135kBtu/hCentralAirSourceHP65-135kBtu/hCentralWaterCooledAC<65kBtu/hCentralWaterSourceHP<17kBtu/hCentralWaterSourceHP65-135kBtu/hGas-FiredWarmAirFurnaces$225kBtu/hGasStorageWaterHeaters#155kBtu/hGasStorageWaterHeaters>155kBtu/hInstantaneousGasWaterHeaterswithTanks.............'.-:'".:"!YL","•.....•.........{...EfficiencyRelativetoASHRAE90.1-1999LevelatNationalNationalNationalCarbonMinimumEnergyTotalNPVEmissionLife-CycleSavings(MillionsofReductionsCost(TBtu)1998$'s)(MillionTons)121,412.70897.702110.4428.8417.9610.5311.7274.7511278.6109.149.9249241.9478.70%200146312183.691.3381.50%10245.3285.3%*7986.611266.447112.56523110.431.43.2116.61.1012.42.70.8011.52.53010.300010.100012.100011.20001200077.50%00080.00%00080.40%00080.00%000...,t/)00CI)-00.-..JE::::sE.-C.-:Es...0LLScreeningAnalysisResultsProductCategory3-PhaseSinglePackageAirSourceAC<65kBtu/hCentralAirSourceAC135-240kBtu/hPackagedTerminalAirConditioners3-PhaseSplitAirSourceAC<65kBtu/hPackagedTerminalHeatPumpsSmallGas-FiredBoilers#2.5mmBtu3-PhaseSinglePackageAirSourceHP<65kBtu/hTanklessGasInstantaneousWaterHeatersLargeGas-FiredBoilers>2.5mmBtu3-PhaseSplitAirSourceHP<65kBtu/hCentral,WaterSourceHP17-65kBtu/hCentralAirSourceHP135-240kBtu/hElectricWaterHeater(120gal)CentralWaterCooledAC65-135kBtu/hCentralWaterCooledAC135-240kBtu/hCentralAirSourceAC65-135kBtu/hCentralAirSourceHP65-135kBtu/hCentralWaterCooledAC<65kBtu/hCentralWaterSourceHP<17kBtu/hCentralWaterSourceHP65-135kBtu/hGas-FiredWarmAirFurnaces$225kBtu/hGasStorageWaterHeaters#155kBtu/hGasStorageWaterHeaters>155kBtu/hInstantaneousGasWaterHeaterswithTanks.............'.-:'".:"!YL","•.....•.........{...EfficiencyRelativetoASHRAE90.1-1999LevelatNationalNationalNationalCarbonMinimumEnergyTotalNPVEmissionLife-CycleSavings(MillionsofReductionsCost(TBtu)1998$'s)(MillionTons)121,412.70897.702110.4428.8417.9610.5311.7274.7511278.6109.149.9249241.9478.70%200146312183.691.3381.50%10245.3285.3%*7986.611266.447112.56523110.431.43.2116.61.1012.42.70.8011.52.53010.300010.100012.100011.20001200077.50%00080.00%00080.40%00080.00%000...,t/)00CI)-00.-..JE::::sE.-C.-:Es...0LLrtatris ntincleinteIIIcrenlTheproductsandperrmancecharacteristicsthatwerenotanalyzedfallintogroupsasfollows:•Heatingcoefficientsofperformance(COP)andheatingseasonalperformancefactors(HSPF)forallheatpumpproductcategories;•Efficienciesofwater-cooledairconditionersandheatpumpswithcapacitiesbetween65kBtu/hand135kBtu/h;•Evaporativelycooledair-conditioningproducts;•Oil-firedwarmairfurnaces,storageandinstantaneouswaterheaters,andpackaged boilers;and•Unfiredhotwaterstoragetanksructateithcrticlualsisheproductsandperformancecharacteristicsthatwerenotanalyzedfallintogroupsasfollows:•Heatingcoefficientsofperformance(COP)andheatingseasonalperformancefactors(HSPF)forallheatpumpproductcategories;•Efficienciesofwater-cooledairconditionersandheatpumpswithcapacitiesbetween65kBtu/hand135kBtu/h;•Evaporativelycooledair-conditioningproducts;•Oil-firedwarmairfurnaces,storageandinstantaneouswaterheaters,andpackaged boilers;and•UnfiredhotwaterstoragetanksrctinthatII!irll1licreenlntilunalysisThereasonsfornotanalyzingtheseproductsare:•Insufficientdatadescribingbaselineenergyconsumptionandcost-efficiencyrelationships•Smallmarketsfortheproductsinquestion•Lackofproductshipmentdata•HeatingCOPandHSPFforallheatpumpproductcategories--lackofasuitablemethodologytodistinguishtheirheatingfunctionfromthatofsupplementalheatsourcesructteris ntincll1liInalsiite rThereasonsfornotanalyzingtheseproductsare:•Insufficientdatadescribingbaselineenergyconsumptionandcost-efficiencyrelationships•Smallmarketsfortheproductsinquestion•Lackofproductshipmentdata•HeatingCOPandHSPFforallheatpumpproductcategories--lackofasuitablemethodologytodistinguishtheirheatingfunctionfromthatofsupplementalheatsourcesIiEE-RM/STD-00-100})rl1liIIrtl1liIIsCoolingEquipmentEfficiencyComparisonEquipmentEquipmentEPCAEPCAEfficiencyLevelCategorySubcategorySectionDateEPCAASHRAE90.1-19991992AC/HP<65CoolingEff.AirCooled342(a) (1)(A)SEER10.0SEER10.03Phase,CentralHeatingEff.HSPF6.8HSPF6.8SplitSystem342(a)(1)(D)1/1/94SmallAC/HP<65CoolingEff.CommercialAirCooled342(a) (1)(8)SEER9.7SEER9.7PackagedAir3Phase,CentralHeatingEft.HSPF6.6HSPF6.6ConditioningandSinglePackaQe342(a)(1)(E)1/1/94HeatingEquipmentCoolingEff.AC/HP65-135342(a) (1)(C)EER8.9EER10.3AirCooledHeatingEff.COP3.0COP3.2Central342(a)(1)(F)1/1/94AC/HP<65CoolingEff.WaterCooled342(a) (1)(G)EER9.3EER12.1Evap.CooledHeatingEff.COP3.8COP4.2Water-SourceWater-SourceonlyCentral342(a)(1)(I)1/1/94AC/HP65-135CoolingEff.WaterCooled342(a) (1)(H)EER10.5EER11.5Evap.CooledHeatingEff.COP3.8COP4.2Water-SourceWater-SourceonlyCentral342(a)(1)(I)1/1/94CoolingEff.AC/HP135-240342(a)(2)(A)EER8.5EER9.7LargeAirCooledHeatingEft.COP2.9COP3.1CommercialCentral342(a) (2)(8)1/1/95PackagedAirAC/HP135-240CoolingEff.ConditioningandWaterCooled342(a) (2)(A)EER9.6EER11.0HeatingEquipmentEvap.CooledNoHeatingEff.CentralRequirement1/1/95PackagedCoolingEff.EERvariesbyEERandCOPvarybyTerminalAirPTAC/PTHP342(a) (3)(A)capacitycapacity(differentConditionersand(AirCooled)HeatingEff.COPvariesbyformulas)HeatPumps342(a)(3)(8)1/1194capacityEE-RM/STD-00-100})rl1liIIrtl1lil1liI ICoolingEquipmentEfficiencyComparisonEquipmentEquipmentEPCAEPCAEfficiencyLevelCategorySubcategorySectionDateEPCAASHRAE90.1-19991992AC/HP<65CoolingEff.AirCooled342(a)(1)(A)SEER10.0SEER10.03Phase,CentralHeatingEff.HSPF6.8HSPF6.8SplitSystem342(a)(1)(D)1/1/94SmallAC/HP<65CoolingEff.CommercialAirCooled342(a)(1)(8)SEER9.7SEER9.7PackagedAir3Phase,CentralHeatingEft.HSPF6.6HSPF6.6ConditioningandSinglePackage342(a)(1)(E)1/1/94HeatingEquipmentCoolingEff.AC/HP65-135342(a)(1)(C)EER8.9EER10.3AirCooledHeatingEff.COP3.0COP3.2Central342(a)(1)(F)1/1/94AC/HP<65CoolingEff.WaterCooled342(a)(1)(G)EER9.3EER12.1Evap.CooledHeatingEff.COP3.8COP4.2Water-SourceWater-SourceonlyCentral342(a)(1)(I)1/1/94AC/HP65-135CoolingEft.WaterCooled342(a)(1)(H)EER10.5EER11.5Evap.CooledHeatingEff.COP3.8COP4.2Water-SourceWater-SourceonlyCentral342(a)(1)(I)1/1/94CoolingEff.AC/HP135-240342(a)(2)(A)EER8.5EER9.7LargeAirCooledHeatingEft.COP2.9COP3.1CommercialCentral342(a)(2)(8)1/1/95PackagedAirAC/HP135-240CoolingEff.ConditioningandWaterCooled342(a)(2)(A)EER9.6EER11.0HeatingEquipmentEvap.CooledNoHeatingEff.CentralRequirement1/1/95PackagedCoolingEff.EERvariesbyEERandCOPvarybyTerminalAirPTAC/PTHP342(a)(3)(A)capacitycapacity(differentConditionersand(AirCooled)HeatingEff.COPvariesbyformulas)HeatPumps342(a)(3)(8)1/1194capacityl1lirIl1liII1IIIIIutt')HeatingEquipmentEfficiencyComparisonEqupmentEqupmentEPCAEPCAEfficiencyLevelCategorySubategorySectionDateEPCAASHRAE199290.1·1999GasFiredEff.ThermalEfficiency*Combustion2:225,000342(a) (4)(A)80%GasEfficiencyWarmAirGasFiredOilFiredEff.81%Oil80%GasFurnacesOilFired342(a) (4)(A)1/1/9481%OilGasFiredEff.CombustionThermalEfficiency2:300,000342(a) (4)(C)Efficiency'75%GasPackageBoilersGasFiredOilFiredEff.80%Gas78%OilOilFired342(a) (4)(D)1/1/9483%OilStorageWaterElectricStandbyLossVariesbyVolumeVariesbyVolumeHeaters342(a)(5)(A)1/1/94ThermalEfficiencyThermalEfficiency<155,000andV:S:140ThermalEff.78%80%(Gas)galAndStandbyLossStandbyLoss78%(Oil)342(a) (5)(B)1/1/94VariesbyVolumeStandbyLossVariesbvVolume"ThermalEfficiencyThermalEfficiency>155,000andV:S:140ThermalEff.78%80%(Gas)galAndStandbyLossStandbyLoss78%(Oil)342(a) (5)(C)1/1/94VariesbyVolumeStandbyLossVariesbyVolume*'V<10galThermalEff.ThermalEff.ThermalEff.Instantaneous342(a)(5)(D)1/1/9480%80%InstantaneousThermalEff.ThermalEff.77%ThermalEff.77%10gal:S:V:S:140galAndStandbyLossStandbyLossStandbyLossWaterHeatersInstantaneous342(a) (5)(E)1/1/94VariesbyVolumeVariesbyVolume**V:S:140galHeatLossHeatLossHeatLossUnfired342(a) (5)(F)1/1/946.5Btu/hr/ft26.5Btu/hr/ft2StorageTanksStorageWaterR-12.5R-12.5HeatersandStoragePrescriptiveliDliDTanks>140gal342(a) (5)(G)1/1/94Fluedamperorfanassistedcombustion'Ratingprocedureistechnicallyacombustionefficiencyrating'*NoeffectivechangeinstandbylossfromEPCA1992requirementsrII1IIIialtt')HeatingEquipmentEfficiencyComparisonEqupmentEqupmentEPCAEPCAEfficiencyLevelCategorySubategorySectionDateEPCAASHRAE199290.1·1999GasFiredEff.ThermalEfficiency*Combustion2:225,000342(a) (4)(A)80%GasEfficiencyWarmAirGasFiredOilFiredEff.81%Oil80%GasFurnacesOilFired342(a) (4)(A)1/1/9481%OilGasFiredEff.CombustionThermalEfficiency2:300,000342(a) (4)(C)Efficiency'75%GasPackageBoilersGasFiredOilFiredEff.80%Gas78%OilOilFired342(a) (4)(0)1/1/9483%OilStorageWaterElectricStandbyLossVariesbyVolumeVariesbyVolumeHeaters342(a)(5)(A)1/1/94ThermalEfficiencyThermalEfficiency<155,000andV:S:140ThermalEff.78%80%(Gas)galAndStandbyLossStandbyLoss78%(Oil)342(a) (5)(B)1/1/94VariesbyVolumeStandbyLossVariesbvVolume"ThermalEfficiencyThermalEfficiency>155,000andV:S:140ThermalEff.78%80%(Gas)galAndStandbyLossStandbyLoss78%(Oil)342(a) (5)(C)1/1/94VariesbyVolumeStandbyLossVariesbvVolume*'V<10galThermalEff.ThermalEff.ThermalEff.Instantaneous342(a)(5)(D)1/1/9480%80%InstantaneousThermalEff.ThermalEff.77%ThermalEff.77%10gal:S:V:S:140galAndStandbyLossStandbyLossStandbyLossWaterHeatersInstantaneous342(a) (5)(E)1/1/94VariesbyVolumeVariesbyVolume**V:S:140galHeatLossHeatLossHeatLossUnfired342(a) (5)(F)1/1/946.5Btu/hr/ft26.5Btu/hr/ft2StorageTanksStorageWaterR-12.5R-12.5HeatersandStoragePrescriptiveliDliDTanks>140gal342(a) (5)(G)1/1/94Fluedamperorfanassistedcombustion'Ratingprocedureistechnicallyacombustionefficiencyrating'*NoeffectivechangeinstandbylossfromEPCA1992requirementstIIIIirlilir•Developmentofhighlydetailedprototypeforeachofthebuildingtypeanalyzeddoesnotaddvalue•However,itisnecessarytoestablishcharacteristicsthatdistinguishonebuildingclassfromanother•Characterizinglargeclassesofbuildingsrequireseliminatingorientationbias•Inaddition,itminimizeseffortrequiredtoobtainloadestimatesformultiplerepresentativebuildingstIIIIirlilir•Developmentofhighlydetailedprototypeforeachofthebuildingtypeanalyzeddoesnotaddvalue•However,itisnecessarytoestablishcharacteristicsthatdistinguishonebuildingclassfromanother•Characterizinglargeclassesofbuildingsrequireseliminatingorientationbias•Inaddition,itminimizeseffortrequiredtoobtainloadestimatesformultiplerepresentativebuildingsbbIiIIIIIiIIIIts(jifllil!d!JcnJl:mctell<,\'..n1:I''''''isU·C\,1'191Rtt..iurh'tf,Jpd/P(A.9JR •.f"th"";9tll.1999R.·J",J.",,;lllX,i.IlIlJ"1l",4,wj.w:9fl.f..lg99.:"''>f'!!y111..""1.&,,I(IOOf"l!!Y{N;t!\roog:r;IUku,H;&U:RCHlhl,i(f8ln,HiI',HU:k..}0;,1(enl1..)r'·v;'<",,,:,\"'FAI,,,:,,5h",yrl97''!7(10II,:;PlI;;nII,,';'J5n1c>.!411·;;>t",,"4,;hr"'"''''''ill'kfll',h','SS,:,797oJ',,',I'LllUl1l}1tJ<():.IJ11\i1LVi",,,,:,/"'.'idJr,";"'.kH,,,hi'"";:il'.!",[<;)ill<',,,1\10,:NC(,'1"i")tf1\,1l:'!l;0::ft,Plc"",,11:1"."H'Hi'.<,,5hll".;Ii''''ell;,lil:,(Ijqfi:'t',U""",.D"ISH'111'<Fkd,iV,¥n'""I'5Hit,,"X,f.l,'je'"(It)'145III%il"4%,'1:51C'",'h"j.s,'Ill',l,'"lHL'btvpO!UIJtJH6ll"lif>l\:'1"":<,,"%d'""k,!,;":."1+:",,'1,:\(;,.1l'I",jI)';.::,lC5,,:'"1S1Ul.ViJkf,S,,,Mct'l!l',"PkHluht..;;.""U'I1',:1'.>II).II>!Hi!'r"rH"'l<L',',""""S,,,",Hi'.n'},14hli/Hf,',,'"je'l)r,::,1,5u':','<.!H'.t.',:1;,l,':',','k.d,'A,,.,,,',':,,d,Ji.,!'.)(,!"".I"1HkHr;0hk1!U1;;1,111.11"IHl}N,\1\;\,,,,,,,,1.Willi;;;'""lJ""HI',2",,·>,,',,""1)3kihl!iJil'?:':,;<.\:1.:1'fU"I'!"nY'N,,,1,/"Au,:::1\5.rd,·<'Uiht.:''''ft,,)1'}.tj::.J:.!!1q.;',tp",Nn5']9},',a.",,HI',21',<"",/1<'Ai;'kH,,,II,,2+;,",<;,!>'>'1;IIn.,;!!""H!l.l:)<,q,',ZIt''''1.(,(,'c:HIh,,1fl:j;)UI,112lIII,JI';3J"v,.",",v..to119,;q411<>P:·II'P,>!:;,tU"]',(,HII'",,>'iiE':;;!;'"'};,Ju;A(}"I\1Uk..h1:,(1,',',0:>7l1\,',;;'I"9'Ii;al)""'1"l'",'K1§;,«,j!"",,"'12;\(In.I."'>InI,J,21'}'jl'1%1,;).lU,..lu?if,;C"ng"twl,'et,'FtHL,h71,T')(C,,){liI,k(I'Ii'"",',liq;1""<'IHit),hI,'J'it,!11f,;,II"H'in;SA!)'iIi;",d;0<,i!id",r""",Hi',!,;"kiJkh,(,:;:,lHq")\"111(,\i6!l1,1(,1';5lh'Ip."",,[,,";!t.''''''MI111'.!'H'nII'd.(j,,:'I>''1'[''',inUl1"5·'lk.1"1;,j(,,.,""'""".tlm'"I,kH""IIJPisi'"""r..:,'jf.75I""l<'fin;;"iU'"1':,lI"'!'bbIiIIIalIiIIISIt(jifllil!d!JcnJl:mctell<,\'..n1:I",,'18u·c\,Rtt..iurh'tf,Jpd/P(A.9JN •.f"th"";9tll.1999H.••J",J.",,;lllX,i.IlIlJ"H.diith'itJ.:9(11.19')91l",4,wj.w:9fl.f..lg99.:"''>f'!!y111..""1.&,,I(IOOf"l!!Y{N;t!\roog:r;IUUu,H;&U:RCHlhl,i(f8ln,HiI',HU:k..}0;,1(enl1..)1'-":';""''':,',,,,,,.,,,,,AI,,·;Ill;h'wf,Yi'I97.'!7(10II'LlPl120II,,';'J5n1c>.!41.Pr"p<,'>',0';";';":'''1'''',3,;hr·',,,,,,,,,HI'kfll',!r'"SS,:,797oJ','li'LllUl1l}1tJ<():.IJ11\iLVi",,,.:,/"'.'idJr,";,,';'.kH;"h''''"pAI'"lQ;Il'",,,.\10,:NL:(I'1"i")tf1\,1l:'!l)0:1,t.P1""",,11:1".",'m"1ii'.<Mhll""'Ir'ell;,lil:'(Ijqfi'I,i?"«,.D"ISH'111('<Fkd.iV,,wnd"I'5Hit,,"X,f,l,'je'"(It)'145III%il"4%,'1:51'""h,d.",,;;,""','Ill',l,'"lHL'b,r'BtvpO!UIJtIHe;,!lIif:,l\:'1"",<,,"%11,"'1.knla"'1,:\L.Il'I"'::;jU';,.lC5,:'"1S1Ul.\"Jkf,S,,,Mct'l!l',"PkHluht..;;.""U'I1',1'<'II).II:'IH'!',,",,HI'.,d1},14h'",,<lc'li,:,::;,C",5U':,,'<,IH't.',;1:"','k.d.'A,,.,,,',',',,d,J(.'1',)(,!,,,,.I"1HkHfi.:lhk1IU1;;1,11I.:1"IHl}N,\1\.\,,,,,,,,1.',,,"<",4l1HI',2"'"":1)3kihl!!Jil'?:':'C<,\:12'fU"I'I""Y'".I,,,1,/",1"":::1\5.",d."'cUiI"')'"ht.:''''ft,,)1'}.tj::.J:.!!1q.;',tpe,Nn5']91,',""",,,n";HI',21'.<#'/1<'A','kH,,,II,,2+;,"";:!<'>'1;IIn'.,;;1(1H!l.l:)<,q,·,ZIt''''1.(,(,"':HIh,,1fl:j;)UI,112lI,"1',3J,.\(,,',1",v..to1199,,11<>P:·II'P,t<\/"1';(,Hi'""";'!':'>.!""""d,,:A()"I\1Uk..h,',',(I:>7L\",;;'I"9'Ii,H,l)""'1l(·l''''K1§;,«,J'h,<,,,':,,yi\(In·I',>;',i"j,J,21Y'"),:JH,:;lU,,,l<.!?i','C"ng,twl.'et"1.\tHLlh71,T')(C,"{!ii,,'H(I'Ii'"",',Ii,,;i""<'IHit;,h"'J'it,\11f,;,II'.!H'in;SA!)IiIi11',d;"'!'id";r"",,,HI',1,;nkiJkh,;,:;:,'Hq")\"111Z'1,6!l111(,1';5lh'11',,,,,,,!,,;,j",.,,,,,,,,,1ill',!'H,,,II'"j.(j,,:'I>''1'['J,inUl1"5,';k,1"1;,j(,'"'","'",,",,11!Ii'"1.1kH';"IIJPisi'"",\r..:,'jf.75I""l<'finn"iU·R1':,lI"'I'l1lirITable3.3,NationalBaseline",I·e<\.lIJ"lTlifmu'llf:mdm('yClUtll1lo/*I,ojBllil..:h.kBhl'h.mv(l1i>1'!5,ni;'m".$!:S'1Ali}75i!I",IBilil":I,""..:d.Uuuklltn·'h.IlW·HHli,,,,,·blli'.lJ,onnklll1.l,h,!I\1,"32A75.nt)(}ilcf:>••Ci'ls-rin:tl.41111Sicilm3JIl72.D(',.,SO,,'"n,DU\",rkHhLfl,41)2nJ)d(",,\··1mnllO';)(lkll!41:h.l'2"'6nJ'I\V;krm-:\ir2511kBtull7J\;'275·.1WMm-AJrCi;kj.·rired.4UlIkHm'h7:U(It'IIiiIS)ConsumptionandSbllidardrMdtut'ylA1fcilIttinjitr(';(I[fffA9]Rcilltil'{!II)'f}f}.1·/999lbmml1lTb'llmull1\IlkirRl;Y(TOlu)(%}'iJ.LtlII1ft7r1JI11)lJ;1.!.1D75(}nlJ75()D76314itll]5711.11Il17.11J{)II7lU.12V7/5;]:77?l591TU2427l\593Its:1JbHil..Rtrlilftiwftil9fi.1-1999lMIiI;lt'{·toiJIJ.S-Hif}f}TbtnmdUtmllilf:'llITJ!;yTbcml:1l1i:frN'it.'IlIiYEnkim(yf:mdrultyj{)/lI)CIOttI}(!Ii))i%}{Tntll!ND,<",,'ino3<1!fK,OWI5771),n7f.(1;;11K{;'1919.u137'HiInnOJIJilil:MXI1111Ii;71}JI16ll:1(12ftilLO:n:7iJ.lI43!l;2!:171ilL{I15itJJI20!l;1(i1902:;26ll;1(131195l@fi(1)1>;:\ll:5j184O,HS:\i,g5rl1liIIIiiISsIts()Table3.3,NationalBaselineConsumptionandSbllidardrMdtut'ylA1fcilI'UbHil...-.'",I·e<\.lIJ"lRtinjitr(';(I[fffA9]Rcilltil'{!II)'9fUt'e/it9£1.1-.1999lMIiI;lt'{·toIJIJ./·19f}f}Tbfmu'lllbmml1lTb'llmullTbtnmdUtfmlilf:'llITJ!;yTbcfm:1l1f:mdm('y1\IlkirRl;Yi:WN'it.'m:yEftkim(yf:mdrultyClUtll1lo/*I(TOlu)j{)/lI)CIOttI}(!Ii))i%}{Tntll!Bllil..:h.kBhl'h.mv(l1i>1'!5.niJ.LtlND,<",,'ino3<1!fK.OWIIbL.,1Ali}75i!II1ft7r1Jl11)5779.n7f.(1;;11(};'ICbll..:dBilil":I,""..:d.Uuuklltn"il.IlW,HHlJ;1.!.1D1K{;'1919.u13IE!"ij'N,(i,,[""d,Jr·',<I."",",HVi32A75.n75(}nlJi'HiInnOJIJilil:MXIt)(}il¢r"C;.ls-rin.'tl.41111S!cHm3JIl72.D75()D76.1141711Ii;71}JI16ll:1(12ft1>:UIIW!uh.n,Ditll,35"?!'UIIlilLO:n:7iJJI43!l;2!:171U(XrkrHlLfl.'Il41)2nJ)1617.11J{)ilL{I15itJJI20!l;1(i(",,\,·1mnllO';)(lklll'!!?I.2"'6nJ'II7lU.12V1902:;26!l;1(131arm-:\ir!lJnn..:'t:,.2511kBtull]J\;'275·.17/5;]:77?l591195l@fi11,11>;:\ll:5jIWMm-Alr!Ciaj.·rired.4UlIkHm'h7:UTU2427l\5931'}5184O,HS:\i,g5II1IIITable3.4,NationalBaseline2Ut..·2t1JU(It'ConsumptionandEE-RM/STD-00-100II1IISISIts)SavingsEtluipmentStandardI·pmI(mlliflntyI.",\'elll(fficieU4;)'I.fIli!t2U'licif''lbcyLnelJUfrewllcyIJ.'vet4IMlllil'fIIIEPfA91f(iIlelarit,t!ItI911.1,1999RelaliveRelillll'/!It!9lJJ·llflJlf'IhllmtlllIUutruylltefmlllIhffmalEJfttklli!YUftdi'lltySll\l!ng;fUeur(TUtu)I.(mUll(THtu)fHltdlII1IIITable3.4,NationalBaseline2Ut..·2t1JUEJfttkOi!Y(It'ConsumptionandEE-RM/STD-00-100II1IISISIts)SavingsEtluipmentStandardI·pmI(mlliflntyI.",\'elll(fficieU4;)'I.fIli!t2U'licif''lbcyLnelJUfrewllcyIJ.'vet4IMlllil'fIIIEPfA91f(iIlelarit,t!ItI911.1,1999RelaliveRelillll'/!It!9lJJ·llflJlfnefwmd'IhllmtlllIUutruyIltefmlllIhffmalUftdf!I1f!YSll\l!ng;fUeur(TUtu)I.(mUll(THtu)fHltdlII36.H54l1liI(IIL'd<'.<111·1'31'J',)1""........11LEN1_T'!..,."".S'''wi:.'t'fi;#"b...f'·',"hh;,h"'"','-;:S"",,,,L\J,lU},.h)h%»';.,i,;·j't,,,,,,,.S,;i],I."y"'"HL.'\u,S,"HU.'i\C.",,\5kil,imII"'":):'iii1-.i!"'.';'s;:o4,,"',)",,.,./\ir'<""IIf"'"IIV,".;SkBq,10''''!I)',')l'I'-",r;,,1.:\ir-'i"ur;:.;h'<.;m,!".!.1:i<!,19:'',;!'\'""I,A1!'-';',''''1','';ru'.3:1.;;10.1'h1.HI:".:,"f:5kl'''·,..h:,i:it',",Shd,'''A''.,Sill...";';!H',"",:r:k1';llN"fktI,.·"m,.,.,1.!,W,fl7k!:HuIIL2"I,v',em!.'0:""",1.'.';k,j/.),'"ikfk"h;!::;,0""11.Vi"i,PI',e;1.51%",,3:135k;'iqUh1::0:,..."A(',;,'I"";".J·<?J<llkHthIt",,7,All':....."'''ckiF,:':'IY;:'",',:1<,:,,(i-;"i;mIL',,'."V,'",,,,·(,.,<k;)fer.",,,,,:,,,,<1#1$kHluhH';l1""'''11&1'';)1.,'1f••"S,hi11Il'i,d",t'.,j:'j.jr;,,,ilui,',I.'L!!;kH>tuh')-.!If'L..,v,j;!<)h...\,'"]'<'rWdflJi..'J,"'!3!d:lL.!hY'Yl'l;r,liO'.!;,",jJ<'m,;,r,,!!iiI'.#;JkHmh','t'1;:,'1"'",,'"''HI',7·'10tHh"'hl!,'ftIt.,"I7'j,'••1.1IdtwIt"11'""","'a,,:,".!'h"F,'e,,,,1!H",·7f;i.'"'WHIatt'1:tik;iN),J,.,rnitif",!1",'lii"L'IIe,.,e'f.I'ji}lULl11.>aU111r31.J.IdS-ltC':'io1'"":,J,',i,!12:;1::3,!,;vi:'ii'f'rL,f,I,:t.::.:Y:$J...,III1.:Ill),oWI-I,'72::'/"'/'{';.5'1\'.1jd)\,;"b>47:'1:1<:;7,in"11Ii!,'\Dl1liISIt)i-::fIkLimc"i.'It.M,.J_,Etfl",k_:>I"'tid"yn.:t..,!w.:..,;'j,'",.(,19;iii)'hJJNjY\l......ll'J!¢"i;Inil{"""n';'it'S}IHi:"",,,Ii"'it'S:,''"':!)lii;UI.",·:'Wl6151)12C·'JlA1,,0·He:rI:';·.).4,"u,'HI)14','Lh.l..U.,.4i:,"L:I:HI'>!:'o27I-L>')Jh!;:\f'II••·..1'.8<'f,1:':-i!'1,',-:1<'!I.!<:'k::iIPI'\'"!,t,.'iL-%lJ:1HI.".{71,\1)·I.\!}':"I:>l't":J'i.IJI,.$Al·t,,,,,1m,,?I:';:1?4,:I,,{'<':"/..,'It<i\i1,I.:.;,JHi"I,,,.!!),0·\!U..l"1:')HiN,\!l•!'-/'.lU4"II!Nt.ii!!'-/"I:L,Ii.IL!l.J'11:..IIILl.•!,ouN/,IIfi't""",idX','::I,11.}4!I;,"*:!I'',1.!III;".(:1IIITq!;If{la",.15.,!ili,.1.::Ill?.(,"5P,"\'IiAH';'r,)\F"i77<4114.'ll'{,I !'r,/1,If!,W'·'J!tl';F,'if,1'K'A'.l,i,57;'!!t)o.1'.",Inn',''jI':Dl1liIatl1liIsIts(t')iii!I(It'I11IIIIeIt)Table3.6.NP\ltot'EftkiencyLevelsExceedingStandard90.1-1999Space-IleatEquipmentA;SUR;\I;1A!\'cllRrtlatil'e10I,:mdcnt),tit\'ii't2:ReJrJrilrr!1.f19tJ.'·1991'1':ftltLcrtri::yLet/it'.Jltt!i11111'rtltf1Hi.J·ll,;t19UfldcllCYl:rndltRCYNltVl:mdtuey(..'8$)(*/0)(nlill.98$)ittOj'L578,51{,:')7lU1.,l'\'",,1'*RtfltJllj,*t;'If}Y{U·J9'1}I'hrmhdM"Vl)lIIlU..I{.<i.'libiii!I5It(Table3.6.NP\ltot'EftkiencyLevelsExceedingStandard90.1-1999Space-IleatEquipmentA;SUR;\I;1A!\'cllI,:mdcnt),tit\'ii't2:Rrtlatil'e10ReJrJrilrr!1.f19tJ.'·1991'1Ufldl'llCYI:rndltncyNltV("$)(*/0)(nlill.98$)':ftltLcrtri::yLet/it'.Jltt!i11111'rtltf1Hi.J·ll,;t19.'bltf'flilildNti\,(milt91'S1.,l'\'",,1'*RtfltJllj,*t;'If}Y{U·J9'1}I'hrmhdM"V(*/0)l)lIIlU..bcr(It')iii!155ItTable3.7.NPVforEf1kiencyLevelsExceedingStandard90.1-1999\Vater-HeatingEquipmentStlutd:,u'dL{'Vel1EffideutyLevellEfficiellC)'Lc\ellEffit."ituey·Le\d4Relitill'ettlRelativ(!ItJ9'1.1-/999Rtdllii"t!:IjJ!1(1.1-1fJfJ9Reiutll'(!IIJi)'J.I-1999ThermalThe,'malTbe''1JudThernudTh{!rmalEmdetilc}'NP\"Emeleluy'Nfl\,Emdelu:y'EmdellcyNPVProduct)(%)(miU.9S$)(%)(fuUL9SSi(%)(mill.9S$)(%)(mlll.98S)Wateri2080J)8;;W8ZJ}86JJ-229.394.0·466AjWaterHealet,G.ls-Fired.19'9Id3lu{1;go.O8Hl·2.982.0-15.286.0-656.494.0·U.30Jl"Vater3(tOklJtwl18{UI82.0-7.3S:Ui-19586,094.0·t942,4instantaneous\'litHerHeater.Gas-Fi.red.400kBtltll1go.Os::to-!t::UNAKA86,0-636.0().to.LOgS.?W<ttitrHeater,G('f:j)-Firitd,LOfHlkBtuthgo,(l83,0Ni\K/\.g(>Jjl·79,(94.01·314.4TankTYIX'.WaterHeater,Gasm-JA/Fired..500kBtuih8{).O82.082.04.086,0·105.0(M.O-t6CHElectric(L2()gal)99,39t}A1,11CUIt\i\.o.()NA0'(Iiii!ISItscr()Table3.7.NPVforEf1kiencyLevelsExceedingStandard90.1-1999\Vater-HeatingEquipmentStlutd:,u'dL{'Vel1EffideutyLevellEfficiellC)'Lc\ellEffit."ituey·Le\d4Relitill'ettlRelativ(!ItJ9'1.1-/999Rtdllii"t!:IjJ!1(1.1-1fJfJ9Reiutll'(!IIJi)'J.I-1999ThermalThe,'malTbe''1JudThernudTh{!rmalEmdetilc}'NP\"Emeleluy'Nfl\,Emdelu:y'EmdellcyNPVProduct)(%)(miU.9S$)(%)(fuUL9SSi(%)(mill.9S$)(%)(mlll.98S)Water!,i2080J)S;;W·{U8ZJ}86JJ-229.394.0·466,(1LWaterHealet,G.ls-Fired.19'9Id3lu{1;go.O8Hl-2.982.0-15.286.0-656.494.0-UJG.a"VaterHeater.3(tOklJtwl18{UI82.0-7.3SUi-19586,094.0·t942,4instantaneous\'litHerHeater.Gas-Fi.red.go.O83J}-113.2NAKA86.0-636.0().to.LOgS.?W<ttitrHeater,G('f:j)-Firitd,Uli)i}kBtuthgo.OS3,ONi\K/\.8(>Jj·79,(94.0<)I4.4TankTYI:>e.WaterHeater.GasmFired.500kBtuih80.082.0-JA82.04.086.0·105.0(M.O-t6CHElectric(L20gal)-;;r9t}ALliCUIt\i\.(H)NA0'(NA"ilIQirrateLocationslDenverII1IIIi-Ciimate!ILocatIon11!t"atGeneric3-StoryBuildingGenericsquarebuildirg15-Z<:re,tlTe&stay5independertzoresperfloor(rore+foo..rperimeterzoresbb"ilIQirrateLocationslDenverl1liIl1liIi-Ciimate!ILocatIon11!t"atGeneric3-StoryBuildingGenericsquarebuildirg15-Z<:re,tlTe&stay5independertzoresperfloor(rore+foo..rperimeterzoresbb7bb,"l1liItill1liIIit()·2+Office5ScaledZoneLoadsLodging·4..:.AnnualZoneILoad(sensible+I·latent)•• •Peak(Design)SpaceLoadi...ZoneFLEOH,l['"13I!ClimateIiZoneFLEOH",-Location1 IIi•••"',,"UlOHIII.."Zone5BuildingFLEOH•• •BuildingFLEOHLocation18I>IJdIngFLEOtlLwt.ZoneFLEOHFLEOHforEachBuildingTypebyClimateLocation7bb,"l1liItill1liIIit()·2+Office5ScaledZoneLoadsLodging·4..:.AnnualZoneILoad(sensible+I·latent)•• •Peak(Design)SpaceLoadi...ZoneFLEOH,l['"13I!ClimateIiZoneFLEOH",-Location1 IIi•••"',,"UlOHIII.."Zone5BuildingFLEOH•• •BuildingFLEOHLocation18I>IJdIngFLEOtlLwt.ZoneFLEOHFLEOHforEachBuildingTypebyClimateLocation