## Energy

content of feedstocks All values in Btu per pound unless stated otherwise Som e calculations are further below
Source: Calculated values for 0% moisture "Performing Energy Calculations" (H83) by Dennis E. Buffington, Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural and Biological Engineering "Bioenergy

Conversion Factors" from ORNL Anirudh Singh, University of the South Pacific, School of Engneering and Physics, Lecture Notes for PH301, Lecture 1, week 5 Renewable feedstocks Starch 7560 Sugar 7315 Virgin vegetable oils 16996 Recycled cooking oils and trap grease 16599.5 Tallow/fat 16203 Anim al wastes (e.g. manure) 6874 Anim al byproducts (e.g. carcasses) Wo ody biom ass 8386 4000 - 8200 6400 - 9600 3400 - 6900 Herbaceous biomass 7331 6840 - 7370 4300 - 7300 6454 Yard waste 2900 3000 Post-recycling MSW (renewable content only) 5106 4500 Biogas 11024 12048 Algae Food waste 2000 Paper 7200
Fossil feedstocks Crude oil 19129 19450 Coal 11618 Coal - bituminous 12197 13200 Coal - anthracite (hard coal) 13290 12700 Coal - lignite/sub-bituminous 7932 6900 Natural gas 19707 18600 Recycled tires/rubber 16000 Plastic 19000

Green wood, low m oisture 5594Green wood, high moisture 3442

Oven dry wood 6884 Vegetation 6454 Polyethylene/polypropylene plastic Polystyrene plastic Manure - low Manure - high Dried plants
Wo od
Coal Natural gas Lignin Cellulose Calculation of dry

wood Btu/lb 8386 8865 9600 6900 7273 Calculation of dry

herb. biomass Btu/lb 7331 6840 7300 6454 7370 Calculation of natural gas Btu/lb 19707.4751 18600AP-42, Appendix A Wi kipedia: "Energy

Density" Wi kipedia: "Energy

content of biofuel" NREL "Biom ass Feedstock Composition and Property Database" Dictiongloss.com: Starch

Ronald R. Rich, Atmosphere Recovery , Inc., "Overview of Biomass Energy Technologies & Opportunities for Minnesota & Great Lakes W ood Products Companies," February 6, 2007 John W . Bartok, University of Connnecticut, "Approximate Heating Value of Common Fuels," December 2004
7560 6800 7315 16996

16203 6669 4303 - 6454 5200 6884 - 9036 8436 6400 - 9600 3333 - 7500 4000 4303 - 6884 7983 4300 - 7300 8000 - 8300 4000 - 8000 10000

19922 18015 12607 - 14414 13000 10327 12000 12300 13984 13000

6024 21000 23063 16351 - 21514 20600 16000 18000 - 2000019922 17814 4303

6454 4303 6884 6884 9036 12607 14414 16351 21514

8667 9036 8436 8000 7500 9600
8000 6884 7983 7300 8300

21000 23062.9482 18932.5 20600"Auri Fuels Initiative, Agricultural Renewable Solid Fuels Data," Agricultural Utilization Research Institute, W aseca, MN extension.org: "W hat is the energy potential from manure produced from livestock?" John Lory , University of Missouri "Biom ass Energy", Course 10-391J for Spring 2005, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

"Energy Basics, Fact Sheet 5.8," Ashton, Cassidy, Southern Forest Research Partnership, inc. "Energy Conservation in the Mechanical Forest Industries - Appendix IV, Comparison of Energy Values," Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Stoves] Energy

in different fuels," e-mail exchange between Tom Miles and Crispin Pemberton-Piggot, July 3, 2006 Economicexpert.com: Coal

"Estim ation of energy

content of municipal solid waste," University of Central Florida
7560

7500 7786 - 7955 8175 - 9681 8520 8175 6839 - 7369 2800

2000 7200

12564 12607 12048

13511 15060 12478 11488 7315 160498175 9681

9111 7500 7786 8175 8520 8175 7955 9681
6839 7369
16049.4024"Estim ation of energy

content of municipal solid waste," University of Central Florida

### Summary

of NREL feedstock property database All values are HHV in Btu/lb
Wood Poplar Black locust Eucalyptus Sycamore Cottonwood Pine Average = 8384 8418 8384 8414 8431 8422 8431 8409 8429 8481 8405 8474 8432 8354 8461 8582 8439 8480 8491 8395

Herbaceous Bagasse Corn stover Switchgrass Wh eat straw Average = 8349 7967 7998 7481 8186 7894 8116 8174 7835 8153 8195 7903 8137 8149 7911 8148

7967 8233 7697 7927 7697 7886 7848 7990 7870 7999 7896 8004 7914 7956

79788436

7983