J - S72018 - 17

____________________________________ * Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. NON - PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v. JAMES EARL KINSLEY,

Appellant : : : : : : : : : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

No. 1607 EDA 2017 Appeal from the PCRA Order April 18, 2017 in the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County , Criminal Division at No(s): CP - 23 - CR - 0000053 - 2014 BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., MUSMANNO, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E. MEMORANDUM BY MUSMANNO, J.: FILED JANUARY 18, 2018 James Earl Kinsley (“Kinsley”) appeals from the Order dismissing his first Petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). 1 We affirm. In its Opinion, the PCRA court set forth its findings of fact, which we adopt for the purpose of this appeal. See PCRA Court Opinion, 4/18/17, at 1 - 5. Kinsley did not file a direct appeal. On June 12, 2015, Kinsley , pro se , filed the instant, timely PCRA Petition. The PCRA court appointed counsel, who filed an amended Petition , asserting therein that (1) Kinsley’s sentence was illegal, as his convictions for criminal attempt - involuntary deviate sexual

_________________ ____________________ _______ 1 See 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541 - 9546.J - S72018 - 17

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intercourse (“ IDSI ”) (person less than 16 years of age) and criminal solicitation - IDSI (forcible compulsion) should have merged; and (2) Kinsley’s trial counsel was ineffective for failing to detect the error . On March 21, 2017, the PCRA court conducted a hearing on the Petition. On April 18, 2017 , the PCRA court issue d its Order dismissing the Petition. This timely appeal follow ed. On appeal, Kinsley raises the following issue for our review : “Whether the PCRA [c]ourt erred in [dismissing Kinsley’s] PCRA [P]etition where the record clearly showed that [Kinsley’s] sentences for the convictions for [c]riminal [a]ttempt - IDSI [ ( p]e rson [l]ess than 16 [y]ears of [a]ge [)] , 18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 9 01 (a) [,] and [c]riminal [s]olicitation - I[DS]I [ ( f]orcible [c]ompulsion [)] , 18 Pa.C.S.[A.] § 902(a) [,] are illegal sentences because these offenses merge?” Brief for Appellant at 4.

We review an order dismissing a petition under the PCRA in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the PCRA level . This review is limited to the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record. We will not disturb a PCRA court ’ s ruling if it is supp orted by evidence of record and is free of legal error . This Court may affirm a PCRA court ’ s decision on any grounds if the record supports it . Further, we grant great deference to the factual findings of the PCRA court and will not disturb those finding s unless they have no support in the record . However, we afford no such deference to its legal conclusions . Where the petitioner raises questions of law, our standard of review is de novo and our scope of review plenary. Commonwealth v. Ford , 44 A.3d 11 90, 1194 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citations omitted).J - S72018 - 17

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Kinsley contends that he received two sentences for the same criminal act, in violation of 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 906. 2 Brief for Appellant at 11. Kinsley asserts that he “ understood that he was entering a plea to only one victim. ” Id . Kinsley claims that “the [PCRA] court erred in determining that there were two different criminal episodes[,] where there is nothing in the guilty plea hearing to support that finding.” Id . In its Opinion, the PCRA court addressed Kinsley’s issue, set forth the relevant law, and determined that the convictions were not subject to merger under section 906 because Kinsley knowingly and intelligently plead guilty to criminal attempt - IDSI (person less than 16 years of age) in relation to one victim , and plead guilty to criminal solicitation - IDSI (forcible compulsion) in relation to a different victim . See PCRA Court Opinion, 4/18/17, at 5 - 10 ; see also id . at 10 (wherein the PCRA court determined that “[t]he record is clear that [Kinsley] was fully appraised by his attorney[,] and knew that there were two separate episodes, two separate informations/two cases[,] and that [Kinsley] had negotiated one resolution.”). We agree with the reasoning of th e PCRA court, which is supported by the record and free of legal error, and affirm on this basis. See id . ; see also PCRA Court Opinion, 6/2/17, at 3 (wherein the PC RA

_________________ ____________________ _______ 2 Section 906 provides that “[a] person may not be convicted of more than one of the inchoate crimes of criminal attempt, criminal solicitation or criminal conspiracy for conduct designed to commit or to culminate in the commission of the same crime. ” 18 P a.C.S. A. § 906 .J - S72018 - 17

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court explained that Kinsley’s “inchoate crimes were not designed to commit or to culmin ate in the same crime[, b e cause] they were separate crimes of sexual abuse of children, as they involved separate dates and different perceived victims.”). Order affirmed. Judgment Entered. Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 1/18/18Circulated 12/19/2017 03:32 PM

I N T H E C O U RT O F C O M M O N P L E AS O F D E LAW A R E C O U N TY , P E N N S Y LV A N I A C R I M I N A L D I V I S I O N C O M M O N W E A L T H O F P E N N S Y LVA N I A C P -2 3 - C R - 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 -2 0 1 4



### v . J A M E S EA R L K I N S L E Y
O R D E R A N D N O W , t h i s 1 8 t h d a y o f A p r il , 2 0 1 7 , a ft e r c o n s i d e ra t i o n o f D e fe n d a n t ' s P C RA P E T I T I O N a n d A M E N D E D P C RA P E T I T I O N ; C O M M O N W E A L T H ' S A N S W E R I N O P P O S I T I O N T O D E F E N D A N T' S A M E N D E D P O S T - C O N V I C T I O N R E LI E F A C T P E T I T I O N / M O T I O N T O D I S M I S S a n d a h e a r i n g h e l d t h e re o n i n o p e n c o u rt o n M a rc h 2 1 , 2 0 1 7 , i t i s h e re b y O R D E R E D a n d D E C R E E D t h a t t h e C o u rt fi n d s t h a t D e fe n d a n t h a s fa i l e d t o s h o w i n e ff e ct i v e a s s i s t a n c e o f c o u n s e l a n d D e f e n d a n t ' s P C RA P e t i t i o n i s D I S M I S S E D . 

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. D e f

e n d a n t w a s a r re s t e d o n N o v e m b e r 1 6 , 2 0 1 3 a n d c h a rg e d w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g o f

f e n s e s : I D S I - P e rs o n L e s s t h e 1 6 - C r i m i n a l Att e m p t , S t a t u t o r y S e x u a l As s a u l t - C r i m i n a l Att e m p t , C o r ru p t i o n o f M i n o r s - C r i m i n a l Att e m p t , I D S I P e rs o n

1L e s s t h e n 1 6 - C r i m i n a l S o l i ci t a t i o n , S t a t u t o ry S e x u a l As s a u l t - C r i m i n a l S o l i c i t a t i o n

a n d re l a t e d o ff

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. 3
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e n d a n t' s t r i a l d a t e w a s s e t fo r M a rc h 3 1 , 2 0 1 4
. D e f e n d a n t a n d h i s a tt o rn e y , B r i a n M a ll o y , E s q u i re a p p e a re d a n d re q u e s t e d a c o n t i n u a n c e a s t h e ca s e w a s s t i l l u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n / n e g o t i a t i o n s w i t h t h e D i s t r ict Att o rn e ys ' O ffic e . S i m i l a r re q u e s ts w e re m a d e o n M a y 5 a n d M a y 1 9
. 4
. O n J u n e 1 0 , 2 0 1 4 t h e C o m m o n w e a l t h , re p re s e n t e d b y Ry a n G ra c e , E s q u i re , m o v e d i n o p e n c o u rt t o a m e n d t h e I n f o r m a t i o n s a d d i n g a n o t h e r c o u n t o f a ll o ff e n s e s c h a rg e d a n d fu rt h e r s t a t e d t h a t h e w a s g o i n g t o m a k e a n o ff e r t o D e f e n d a n t . T h e D e f

e n s e h a d n o o b

j e ct i o n t o t h e a m e n d m e n t . ( S e e N
. T
. J u l y 2 2 , 2 0 1 4 p a g e 3 , w h e re i n C o m m o n w e a l t h s u m m a r i z e s w h a t o c c u r re d o n J u n e 1 0
. } 5
. T h e O R D E R G RA N T I N G M O T I O N F O R L E AV E T O A M E N D I N F O R M AT I O N w a s s i g n e d o n J u n e 1 1 , 2 0 1 4
. T h e D e f e n s e c o n t i n u e d t h e c a s e t o J u n e 1 6
. O n J u n e 1 6 a n o f fe r w a s e xt e n d e d t o D e f e n d a n t a n d t h e D e f

e n s e re q u e s t e d t h a t t h e ca s e b e p a s s e d t o J u n e 1 9
. O n J u n e 1 9 , t h e D e f e n s e re q u e s t e d a c o n t i n u a n c e u n t il J u l y 1 4
. O n J u l y 1 4 , t h e D e fe n s e re q u e s t e d a c o n t i n u a n c e t o J u l y 2 2 , 2 0 1 4
.

2

### 6 . At thi s p o int , it i s cl e ar th at D e fen d ant w a s f ul ly aw are th at th e C o mm o nw e alth h a d tw o s ep arat e c a s e s , tw o di s tin c t in c i d e nt s , an d th at th e tw o c a s e s w e re n o w c o mb in e d into o n e c a s e fo r di s p o s iti o n . 7 . O n July 2 2 , 2 0 1 4 th e C o mm o nw e alth an d D e f en s e ag ain a

p p e are d b e f

o re th e c o urt . Th e C o mm o nw e alth , thro ugh Mr . Gra c e , e xp l ain e d th at th e o ff er h a d b e e n e xten d e d in Jun e ; th e p arti e s h a d en g ag e d in additi o n al b a c k an d f o rth
n e g o ti ati o n s in an e ff

o rt to re s o lv e th e m att e r with o ut tri al ; an d th at h e h a d b e e n n o ti fi e d th e D e f

en d ant w a s re

j e c ting th e o ff

er. (N . T . July 2 2 , 2 0 1 4 , p . 2 . ) 8 . C o mm o nw e alth p l a c e d th e O ff er o n th e re c o rd . Mr . Gra c e fir s t outlin e d th e o ff er to C o unt I - Atte mp te d ID S L Th e n Mr. Gra c e s tat e d th e f o ll o win g : " An d th e n th e C o mm o nw e alth w o ul d a s k th e d e f en dant p l e ad guilty to C o unt 1 2 . Th at ' s o n e o f th e n e w c o unt s . " (N . T . July 2 2 , 2 0 1 4 , p ag e 4 ) . Th e C o mm o nw e alth
outl in e d th e o f

f er th e n s tat e d th e fo l l o wing : " l sh o ul d n o t e fo r y o ur H o n o r th e re are tw o di ff

erent un d e rc o v e r s tin g op e rati o n s . Th e all e g ati o n i s th e d e fen d ant
w a s talkin g to tw o di ff

erent un d e rc o v e r o f

fi c e r s at th e s am e tim e . S o th e s e are n o t th e s am e ep i s o d e s . Th e y are tw o di ff erent ep i s o d e s o f att e mp t , an d o n th e o th e r h an d by th e S o l i ci tati o n . S o th e C o mm o nw e alth w o ul d b e s e e kin g fo r c o n s e cutiv e s e nt en c e at tri al. " (N . T . July 2 2 , 2 0 1 4 , p ag e 5 ) .

39
. O n J u l y 2 4 , 2 0 1 4 , d e f e n d a n t a p p e a re d b e fo re t h e c o u rt t o e n t e r i n t o a n e g o t i a t e d g u il ty p l e a . I t i s n o t e d t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t i m p ro v e d h i s s e n t e n c e b y n e g o t i a t i n g fro m a 3 - 6 y e a r t e r m o f i n c a rc e ra t i o n t o a

_2 

### Yi - 7 y e a r t e r m o f i n c a rc e ra t i o n o n t h e Att e m p t I D S I ; h o w e v e r , t h e 4 y e a r c o n s e c u t i v e p ro b a t i o n re m a i n e d t h e s a m e fo r t h e S o l i ci t a t i o n t o I D S I. D u ri n g t h e c o u rs e o f t h e g u i l ty p l e a c o ll o q u y , t h e f

o ll o w i n g e x c h a n g e t o o k p l a c e : T H E C O U RT : T h e n , I w i ll a s k t h e C o m m o n w e a l t h Att o rn e y t o p ro v i d e a fa ct u a l b a s i s fo r t h e p l e a . M R
. G RA C E : Y o u r H o n o r , t h e C o m m o n w e a l t h s u b m i ts b o t h t h e Af fi d a v i t o f P ro b a b l e C a u s e t h a t w a s fil e d i n i t i a l l y i n t h e c r i m i n a l c o m p l a i n t a s w e ll a s a s u p p l e m e n t a l Affi d a v i t o f P ro b a b l e C a u s e t h a t w a s h a n d e d u p t o Y o u r H o n o r , I b e l i e v e o n T u e s d a y , M o n d a y o r T u e s d a y o f t h i s w e e k
. T H E C O U RT : C o r re ct . D o y o u a g re e t o t h a t ? M R
. M A L L O Y : Y e s , Y o u r H o n o r .
T H E C O U RT : A re y o u o ff e ri n g y o u r G u i l ty P l e a i n t h i s ca s e b e c a u s e y o u a d m i t t h a t y o u d i d t h e t h i n g s t h a t a re s t a t e d i n t h e Affi d a v i t o f P ro b a b l e C a u s e - T H E D E F E N D A N T : Y e s . T H E C O U RT : - - b o t h o f t h e m ? H a s y o u r a tt o rn e y e x p l a i n e d t h e m e a n i n g a n d t h e e l e m e n ts o f t h e c r i m e s y o u a re p l e a d i n g g u i l ty t o , w h i c h i s Att e m p t I D S I a n d S o li ci t a t i o n I D S I ?

4T H E D E F E N D A N T : Y e s . ( N
. T
. J u l y 2 4 , 2 0 1 4 , p a g e s 7 a n d 8 )
. As p a rt o f t h e p l e a c o l l o q u y , t h e d e f e n d a n t w a s a s k e d t o s i g n t h e C r i m i n a l I n f o r m a t i o n s t o e v i d e n c e t h e g u i l ty p l e a , w h i c h h e d i d
. T h e y a re cl e a r l y tw o d i f f e re n t s e ts o f I n f

o r m a t i o n s . T h e I n fo r m a t i o n s a re p a rt o f t h e re c o rd
. S e n t e n ci n g w a s s c h e d u l e d fo r O ct o b e r 

### 1 6 , 2 0 1 4 a n d a 

### P S I a n d a 

### P s v ch o s e xu al E v a l u a t i o n w e re o rd e re d
. 

### 1 0 . T h e P s y c h o s e x u a l E v a l u a t i o n w a s h e l d o n A u g u s t 

### 1 1 , 2 0 1 4 w h e re i n t h e d e f e n d a n t t o l d t h e E v a l u a t o r , D r . C a t h e r i n e S u r b e c k , P h D
. , t h e f o l l o w i n g : " T h e re w e re 2 ca s e s . I n S e p t e m b e r , t h e y s a i d 

### 1 5 . I n O ct o b e r , t h e y s a i d 

### 1 4 . T h e y u s e d a d i ff e re n t n a m e . J a k e w a s s u p p o s e d t o b e 

### 1 5 . I d o n ' t re m e m b e r t h e n a m e o f t h e 1 4 y e a r o l d
. 11 

### 1 1. O n O ct o b e r 

### 1 6 , 2 0 1 4 , d e fe n d a n t w a s s e n t e n c e d i n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h t h e n e g o t i a t e d g u i l ty p l e a . D i s c u s s i o n T h e re c o rd i n t h i s c a s e s u p p o rts t h e c o n cl u s i o n t h a t t h e D e fe n d a n t ' s g u il ty p l e a s w e re k n o w i n g l y a n d v o l u n t a r il y e n t e re d a n d t h a t t h e D e f e n d a n t fa il e d t o e s t a b l i s h t h a t h i s p l e a C o u n s e l' s s t e w a rd s h i p w a s i n e ff e ct i v e i n a n y m a n n e r . T o s u c c e e d o n a n i n e ff

e ct i v e a s s i s t a n c e o f c o u n s e l cl a i m , a D e f e n d a n t m u s t s a t i s fy
5t h e t h re e - p ro n g e d " P i e rc e t e s t " ; t h a t i s , a d e f e n d a n t m u s t p l e a d a n d p ro v e : ( 1 } t h e u n d e r l y i n g cl a i m h a s m e r i t , ( 2 } c o u n s e l ' s p e rf o r m a n c e h a d n o re a s o n a b l e b a s i s , a n d { 3 } c o u n s e l ' s i n e ff e ct i v e n e s s p re

j u d ic e d t h e d e f

e n d a n t . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . L a s s i t e r , 5 5 4 P a . 5 8 6 , 5 9 2 , 7 7 2 A
. 2 d 6 5 7 , 6 6 0 ( 1 9 9 8 } ( ci t i n g C o m m o n w e a l t h v . L a c a v a , 5 4 2 P a . 1 6 0 , 1 7 8 , 6 6 6 A. 2 d 2 2 1 , 2 2 9 { 1 9 9 5 ))
. A d e f e n d a n t m u s t t h e n p ro v e t h a t c o u n s e l ' s i n e ff

e ct i v e n e s s " s o u n d e r m i n e d t h e t ru t h - d e t e r m i n i n g p ro c e s s t h a t n o re li a b l e a dj u d i c a t i o n o f g u i l t o r i n n o c e n c e c o u l d h a v e t a k e n p l a c e . " L a s s i t e r , 5 5 4 P a . a t 5 9 2 , 7 7 2 A
. 2 d a t 6 6 0
. " P re j u d i c e i n t h e c o n t e xt o f i n e ff e ct i v e a s s i s t a n c e o f c o u n s e l m e a n s d e m o n s t ra t i n g t h a t t h e re i s a re a s o n a b l e p ro b a b ili ty t h a t , b u t fo r c o u n s e l ' s e r ro r , t h e o u t c o m e o f t h e p ro c e e d i n g w o u l d h a v e b e e n d i ff e re n t . " C o m m o n w e a l t h v . C o x , 6 0 3 P a . 2 2 3 , 2 4 3 , 9 8 3 A
. 2 d 6 6 6 , 6 7 8 ( 2 0 0 9 } { q u o t i n g P i e rc e , s u p ra a t 2 1 3 ; ci t i n g S t r i c k l a n d v . W a s h i n g t o n , 4 6 6 U
. S
. 6 6 8 , 6 9 4 { 1 9 8 4 ) )
. C o u n s e l i s p re s u m e d e ff e ct i v e a n d D e fe n d a n t b e a rs t h e b u rd e n o f p ro v i n g o t h e r w i s e . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . Li g o n s , 9 7 1 A
. 2 d 1 1 2 5 , 1 1 3 7 { P a . 2 0 0 9 }
. I n o rd e r t o o v e rc o m e t h a t p re s u m p t i o n , d e f e n d a n t m u s t d e m o n s t ra t e t h a t ( 1 ) h i s u n d e rl y i n g cl a i m h a s m e r i t , ( 2 ) t h e re w a s n o re a s o n a b l e b a s i s f o r C o u n s e l ' s a ct i o n s , a n d ( 3 ) d e f e n d a n t s u ff

e re d p re j u d ic e a s a re s u l t . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . M i ll e r , 7 4 6 A
. 2 d 5 9 2 , 5 9 8 ( P a . 

### 2 0 0 0 ) . T h e fa i l u re t o s a t i s fy a n y p ro n g o f t h i s t e s t w i ll c a u s e t h e e n t i re cl a i m t o fa i l. C o m m o n w e a l t h v . B r i d g e s , 5 8 4 P a . 1 1 2 7 , 8 8 6 A
. 2 d 1 1 2 7 ( 2 0 0 5 )
. 6O n c e a d e f e n d a n t h a s e n t e re d a p l e a o f g u il ty , i t i s p re s u m e d t h a t h e w a s aw a re o f w h a t h e w a s d o i n g , a n d t h e b u rd e n o f p ro v i n g i n v o l u n t a r i n e s s i s u p o n h i m . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . O w e n s , 3 2 1 P a . S u p e r . 1 2 2 , 4 6 7 A
. 2 d 1 1 5 9 ( 1 9 8 3 ) ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . B ro w n , 2 4 2 P a . S u p e r. 2 4 0 , 3 6 3 A
. 2 d 1 2 4 9 ( 1 9 7 6 )
. A p l e a o f g u i l ty c o n s t i t u t e s a w a i v e r o f a l l d e f e cts a n d d e f

e n s e s . U p o n e n t r

y o f a g u i l ty p l e a , a ll c h a ll e n g e s t o t h e p l e a a re w a i v e d e x c e p t c h a l l e n g e s t o v o l u n t a r i n e s s , j u r i s d i ct i o n o f t h e c o u rt , a n d t h e l a wfu l n e s s o f t h e s e n t e n c e . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . B a u e r , 4 1 3 P a . S u p e r. 2 2 0 , 6 0 4 A
. 2 d 1 0 9 8 ( 1 9 9 2 ) ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . C o l e s , 3 6 5 P a - . S u p e r. 5 6 2 , 5 3 0 A
. 2 d 4 5 3 { 1 9 8 7 ) , a p p e a l d e n i e d , 5 2 2 P a . 5 7 2 , 5 5 9 A
. 2 d 3 4 ( 1 9 8 9 )
. I f a n u n d e r l y i n g cl a i m w a s w a i v e d b y t h e g u il ty p l e a , a d e r i v a t i v e cl a i m o f i n e ff e ct i v e a s s i s t a n c e o f c o u n s e l m u s t n e c e s s a r i l y 

### fa i l. C o m m o n w e a l t h v . B a u e r , 4 1 3 P a . S u p e r. 2 2 0 , 6 0 4 A
. 2 d 1 0 9 8 { 1 9 9 2 } ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . D a v i s , 5 1 8 P a . 7 7 , 8 3 , 5 4 1 A
. 2 d 3 1 5 ( 1 9 8 8 )
. A D e f e n d a n t w h o p l e a d s g u il ty m a y s e e k p o s t c o n v ict i o n re li e f w h e re t h e p l e a w a s u n l a wfu ll y i n d u c e d a n d t h e d e fe n d a n t i s " i n n o c e n t . " C o m m o n w e a l t h v . W o o d ro w , 7 4 3 A
. 2 d 4 5 8 ( P a . S u p e r . 1 9 9 9 ) T o w i t h d ra w t h e g u i l ty p l e a o n t h e g ro u n d s t h a t t h e p l e a w a s u n l a wfu l l y i n d u c e d , t h e d e f e n d a n t m u s t p ro v e t h a t t h e " p l e a w a s t h e re s u l t o f m a n i f e s t i nj u s t ic e . 11 C o m m o n w e a l t h v . H o l b ro o k , 6 2 9 A
. 2 d 1 5 4 , 1 5 8 { P a .S u p e r . 1 9 9 3 }
.

7I n o rd e r t o p re v a i l o n a P C RA cl a i m t h a t a g u il ty p l e a w a s u n l a wfu l l y

i n d u c e d , t h e D e f

e n d a n t i s re q u i re d t o p l e a d a n d p ro v e 

### b y a p re p o n d e ra n c e o f t h e e v i d e n c e t h a t h i s g u i l ty p l e a w a s u n l a wfu ll y i n d u c e d w h e re ci rc u m s t a n c e s m a d e i t l i ke l y t h a t t h e i n d u c e m e n t c a u s e d h i m t o p l e a d g u i l ty , o r t h a t t h e i n e ff e ct i v e a s s i s ta n c e o f c o u n s e l c a u s e d a n i n v o l u n t a r y o r u n k n o w i n g p l e a . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . R a t h fo n , 8 9 9 A
. 2 d 3 6 5 { P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 6 ) ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . M e n d o z a , 7 3 0 A
. 2 d 5 0 3 ( P a . S u p e r . 1 9 9 9 ) ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . P a tt e rs o n , 6 9 0 A
. 2 d 2 5 0 ( P a . S u p e r . 1 9 9 7 )
. T o m e e t t h i s s t a n d a rd , t h e D e f e n d a n t m u s t e s t a b li s h t h a t t h e p l e a w a s

" i n v o l u n t a r

y o r g i v e n w i t h o u t k n o w l e d g e o f t h e c h a rg e . " S e e e . g . , C o m m o n w e a l t h v . B l a c kw e l l , 6 4 7 A
. 2 d 9 1 5 ( P a . S u p e r. 1 9 9 4 )
. T o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r a p l e a w a s k n o w i n g a n d v o l u n t a r y , t h e re v i e w i n g c o u rt e x a m i n e s t h e g u il ty p l e a c o ll o q u y t o a s c e rt a i n d e f e n d a n t ' s u n d e rs t a n d i n g o f: ( 1 ) t h e n a t u re o f t h e c h a rg e s ; ( 2 ) t h e fa ct u a l b a s i s f o r t h e p l e a ; ( 3 ) t h e r i g h t t o a j u r y t r i a l ; (4 ) t h e p re s u m p t i o n o f i n n o c e n c e ; ( 5 ) t h e p e r m i s s i b l e ra n g e o f s e n t e n c e s ; a n d ( 6 ) t h e c o u rt ' s p o w e r t o d e p a rt fro m a n y re c o m m e n d e d s e n t e n c e . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . M o r r i s o n , 8 7 8 A
. 2 d 1 0 2 , 1 0 7 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 5 )
. T h e a d e q u a cy o f a g u i l ty p l e a c o l l o q u y a n d t h e v o l u n t a r i n e s s o f t h e re s u l t i n g p l e a m u s t b e e x a m i n e d u n d e r t h e t o t a l i ty o f t h e c i rc u m s t a n c e s s u r ro u n d i n g t h e e n t ry o f t h e p l e a . C o m m o n w e a l t h v . M u h a m m a d , 7 9 4 A
. 2 d 3 7 8
8( P a . S u p e r. 2 0 0 2 } a t 3 8 3 3 8 4
. T h u s , " [ t] h e t r i a l c o u rt m a y c o n s i d e r a w i d e a r ra y o f

re l e v a n t e v i d e n c e u n d e r t h i s s t a n d a rd i n cl u d i n g , b u t n o t l i m i t e d t o , t ra n s c r i p ts fro m o t h e r p ro c e e d i n g s , o f f t h e re c o rd c o m m u n ic a t i o n s w i t h c o u n s e l , a n d w r i tt e n p l e a a g re e m e n ts . " C o m m o n w e a l t h v . F e a rs , 8 3 6 A
. 2 d 5 2 , 6 4 ( P a . 2 0 0 3 ) ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . B e d e l l , 9 5 4 A
. 2 d 1 2 0 9 , 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 8 )
. I n t h i s c a s e , t h e D e f

e n d a n t u n d e rs t o o d a n d re s p o n d e d a f fi r m a t i v e l y t o e a c h a n d e v e r y m a t e r i a l i n q u i r

y p o s e d fro m t h e C o u rt a n d C o u n s e l d u r i n g t h e c o l l o q u y ; T h e C o u rt f

o u n d D e f

e n d a n t ' s p l e a t o b e k n o w i n g l y , i n t e lli g e n t a n d v o l u n t a r y . T h e D e f e n d a n t i n d i c a t e d t h a t h e u n d e rs t o o d a l l o f t h e r i g h ts h e w a s w a i v i n g , a n d t h a t h e cl e a rl y w i s h e d t o e n t e r t h e p l e a . T h e re i s n o t h i n g i n t h e re c o rd t o i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e p l e a w a s n o t v o l u n t a ry . B a s e d u p o n t h i s re c o rd , D e f e n d a n t c o u l d n o t p o s s i b l y s h o w t h a t h i s p l e a w a s u n k n o w i n g o r i n v o l u n t a r y . S e e C o m m o n w e a l t h v . M c C a u l e y , 7 9 7 A
. 2 d 9 2 0 , 9 2 2 ( P a . S u p e r. 2 0 0 1 ) ( " w h e re . . . a g u il ty p l e a c o l l o q u y w a s c o n d u ct e d , d u r i n g w h i c h i t b e ca m e e v i d e n t t h a t t h e d e f e n d a n t u n d e rs t o o d t h e n a t u re o f t h e c h a rg e s a g a i n s t h i m , t h e v o l u n t a r i n e s s o f t h e p l e a i s e s t a b l i s h e d " ) ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . S m i t h , 4 5 0 A
. 2 d 9 7 3 , 9 7 4 ( P a . 1 9 8 2 ) ( a w r i tt e n c o l l o q u y i s p r i m a fa ci e e v i d e n c e t h a t d e f e n d a n t w a s aw a re o f h i s r i g h ts ) ; C o m m o n w e a l t h v . P o l l a rd , 8 3 2 A
. 2 d 5 1 7 , 5 2 3 ( P a . S u p e r . 2 0 0 3 ) ( " [ a d e f e n d a n t] m a y n o t l a t e r a s s e rt g ro u n d s f o r
9

### with drawing th e p l e a whi c h c o ntradi c t th e s tatem e nt s h e m ad e at hi s p l e a

c o l l o quy " ) : C o mm o nw e alth v . S auter, 5 6 7 A . 2 d 7 0 7 , 7 0 8 - 0 9 (P a . S u p er . 1 9 8 9 ) . (Wh ere a written p l e a c o ll o quy i s su pp l em ente d by an o ral c o l l o quy , it " sug g e s t s m o s t s tro ng ly " th at th e guilty p l e a w a s m ad e kn o wing ly , v o luntari ly and inte l l i g ently) . Th e re c o rd i s cl e ar th at d e f endant w a s f

ully a pp ri s e d by hi s atto rn ey an d kn ew th at th e re w ere tw o s ep arate ep i s o d e s/tw o s ep arate In fo rm ati o n s /tw o c a s e s an d th at h e h ad n e g o ti ate d to on e re s o luti o n . Th e d e f en dant entere d into th e n e g o ti ate d gui lty p l e a kn o wing ly , v o luntari ly and inte lli g ently and n o re l i e f sh al l b e grante d .
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