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The Honorable Linda R. Reade, United States District Judge for the Northern

District of Iowa.

United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

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No. 06-2324

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United States of America, *

*

Appellee, *

* Appeal from the United States

v. * District Court for the Northern

* District of Iowa.

Steven Black Devine, *

* [UNPUBLISHED]

Appellant. *

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Submitted: November 13, 2006

Filed: November 21, 2006 

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Before RILEY, BEAM, and SMITH, Circuit Judges.

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PER CURIAM.

Steven Black Devine appeals his sentence after conviction of making a false

declaration before a grand jury in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1623(a). Devine argues

that the district court1

 erred in finding his perjury was "in respect to a criminal

offense," and that his sentence is unreasonable.

While questioning Devine before the grand jury, an Assistant United States

Attorney told Devine that the grand jury was "empowered to investigate possible
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violations of federal law." Further, Devine was informed that "[t]his particular

investigation involves matters related to the manufacture of methamphetamine, the

distribution of pseudoephedrine, and matters related to that." Devine then, admittedly,

falsely answered questions involving the sale of pseudoephedrine.

At sentencing, the district court reviewed with Devine his plea agreement,

including the possibility of a maximum of five years (60 months') incarceration. After

argument, the district court concluded that the false testimony was "in respect to a

criminal offense." Thus, under United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual §

2J1.3(c)(1), the advisory guideline for perjury, the district court was required to crossreference U.S.S.G. § 2X3.1, the guideline for acting as an accessory after the fact.

The district court found that under section 2X3.1 Devine's level was 29, gave a twolevel adjustment for acceptance of responsibility, and, with Devine's category I

criminal history, found his advisory range to be 70 to 87 months' incarceration.

Devine requested a variance, arguing that policies of Devine's employer

pharmacy mitigated his role in the sale of pseudoephedrine. After reminding counsel

that the charged crime was perjury rather than the sale of pseudoephedrine, the district

court sentenced Devine to the perjury statutory maximum of 60 months' incarceration.

Devine argues that the district court erred in finding his perjury was "in respect

to a criminal offense." The determination that testimony is "in respect to a criminal

offense" is a factual finding reviewed for clear error. United States v. Blanton, 281

F.3d 771, 775 (8th Cir. 2002). Citing law from other circuits, Devine suggests that

in order for him to have testified "in respect to a criminal offense" the Government

must have put him on notice, before his testimony, of the specific details of the grand

jury's investigation. However, Blanton holds that a witness is provided sufficient

notice of the grand jury's investigative target when he or she is advised of "the nature

of the grand jury's inquiry." Id. at 776 (emphasis added). Because Devine knew that

the grand jury was investigating the manufacture of methamphetamine and
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distribution of pseudoephedrine, as well as related matters, we find no clear error in

the district court's determination that the perjury was "in respect to a criminal

offense." 

Devine further argues that the district court refused to consider his argument for

a variance based on the policies of his employer. Devine suggests that this failure to

grant the variance results in an unreasonable sentence. We review for abuse of

discretion. E.g., United States v. Likens, 464 F.3d 823, 825 (8th Cir. 2006).

Here, the advisory range as calculated by the district court suggested 70 to 87

months' incarceration. The statutory maximum, however, was 60 months. 18 U.S.C.

§ 1623(a). When the statutory maximum is below the minimum of the applicable

guideline range, the statutory maximum becomes the advisory sentence. U.S.S.G. §

5G1.1(a). 

The district court, in determining Devine's sentence, considered the presentence investigation report, briefing and argument, statements by Devine at

sentencing and when pleading guilty, as well as his age, education, and honorable

discharge. Further, the district court considered the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors

reflecting the need for adequate deterrence, the seriousness of the criminal conduct,

and the need to avoid unwarranted sentence disparities. After considering similar

cases, and noting the seriousness of lying before a grand jury, the district court denied

the request for a variance and sentenced Devine to 60 months' incarceration. 

The only basis Devine provides for arguing his sentence is unreasonable is that

the district court did not grant a variance based on his employer's pseudoephedrine

distribution policy. The basis for the variance is an attempt to justify the distribution

of pseudoephedrine rather than the perjury for which Devine pled guilty. Given that

there is no relevant basis for a variance, and that the district court correctly calculated

the guideline range and considered the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors, we find no abuse
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of discretion in denying the variance and sentencing Devine to the statutory maximum

advisory sentence.

We affirm the district court in all respects. 

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