# Tank 5 Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility JBPHH, Oahu, Hawaii

DOH Facility ID No. 9-102271 DOH Release ID No. 140010

April 2014

Prepared by:

Commander Navy Region Hawaii Environmental Department, Code N45 850 Ticonderoga Street, Suite 110 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860-5101Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

i 

## Table of Contents

Table of Contents

............................................................................................................................. i Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Statement of Purpose ........................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Previous Reports .............................................................................................................. 2
2.0 Background .......................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Site Description .............................................................................................................. .. 2
2.2 Facility Information .......................................................................................................... 3
2.3 UST Information .............................................................................................................. 3
3.0 General History of the Release ............................................................................................ 5
4.0 Initial Response and Abatement ........................................................................................... 5
4.1 Tank Draining ................................................................................................................. . 5
4.2 Oil/Water Interface Measurements ................................................................................. 6
4.3 Soil Vapor Sampling ........................................................................................................ 6
4.4 Groundwater Sampling .................................................................................................... 7
4.5 Drinking Water Sampling ................................................................................................ 7
5.0 Site Sampling for Release Verification ................................................................................ 9
5.1 Oil/Water Interface Measurements .................................................................................. 9
5.2 Soil Vapor Sampling ........................................................................................................ 9
5.3 Groundwater Sampling .................................................................................................. 11
5.3.1 RHMW01 ................................................................................................................. 11
5.3.2 RHMW02 ................................................................................................................. 11
5.3.3 RHMW05 ................................................................................................................. 12
5.3.4 RHMW2254-01 ....................................................................................................... 12
5.4 Drinking Water Sampling .............................................................................................. 12
6.0 Subsurface Conditions/Water Quality ............................................................................... 15
8.0 Potential Migration Pathways ........................................................................................... 16
8.1 Groundwater Usage ........................................................................................................ 17
8.2 Risk Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 7
9.0 Surrounding Populations and Land Use ........................................................................... 17 9.1 Surrounding Populations ................................................................................................... .. 17
9.2 Land Use .................................................................................................................. ........... 17
10.0 Summary of Findings ......................................................................................................... 18
11.0 Planned Future Release Response Actions ........................................................................ 18
11.1 Groundwater Protection Plan Update ......................................................................... 18
11.2 Groundwater Flow Model .......................................................................................... 18
11.3 Site Characterization................................................................................................... 18
11.4 Vertical Migration Model ........................................................................................... 19
11.5 Remediation of Contamination ................................................................................... 19
11.6 Installation of A dditional Wells ................................................................................. 19
12.0 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 19
13.0 References .......................................................................................................................... 19Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

ii Table 1 Current Status of the USTs ............................................................................................ 4 Table 2 Summary of UST Information .......................................................................................4 Table 3 Summary of Labor atory Analytical Results for Groundwater Samples, January 15 through 29, 2014 ..........................................................................................8 Table 4 Drinking Wate r Sampling Summary ...........................................................................10 Table 5 Summary of Labor atory Analytical Results for Groundwater Samples, October 21, 2013 through April 7, 2014 ......................................................................13

Appendix A – Figures Appendix B – Soil Vapor Sampling Results through January 30, 2014 Appendix C – Soil Vapor Sampling Results through April 16, 2014

.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

1 

## Executive Summary

Commander Navy Region Hawaii (C NRH) prepared this Initial Release Response Report in

accordance with the State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) Underground Storage Tank (UST) Technical Guidance Manual (DOH, 2000) a nd in response to the DOH release response letters dated February 12, 2014 and February 26, 2014 for the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility. The objective of this report is to desc ribe the actions taken by the Navy in the last 90 days in response to the fu el released from Tank 5.

The Facility is located in th e south-central portion of the Island of Oahu, Hawaii, in Halawa Heights. There are 18 active and 2 inactive, 12.5 million gallon, field-cons tructed USTs located at the Facility.

A confirmed release of Jet Propell ant 8, also known as Jet Propulsion fuel, type 8 (JP-8) from Tank 5 was reported on January 24, 2014. Immediately after the re lease was detected, the Navy began draining the contents of the UST and co llected soil vapor samples from existing vapor monitoring points and groundwater samples from monitoring well s. Results indicated the presence of elevated levels of hydrocarbons in soil vapor; however, no free product from Tank 5 was detected in the groundwater samples. Soil vapor and groundwater sa mples continue to be

collected from select locati ons adjacent to Tank 5.

The Navy has identified several contract actions that would help ensure the drinking water around the facility remains safe. A contract has been awarded to modify the existing Groundwater Protection Plan and develop a reco mmended approach to effectively update the existing groundwater model and contaminant fate and transport model for the Facility. The Navy is in the process of procuring the services of a contractor to define the nature, extent, and magnitude of soil and groundwater contaminati on beneath Tank 5, in addition to preparing a vertical migration model, and conducting a pilot st udy to evaluate free product removal or in-situ

remediation.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

2 

## 1.0 Introduction

As required by Hawaii Administrative Rule s 11-281-80.1, Release Re sponse Reporting, this Initial Release Response Report pres ents the following information:

1) A description of all release response actions taken during the first 90-day period (first quarter) following the confirma tion of the release of Jet Pr opellant 8, also known as Jet Propulsion fuel, type 8 (J P-8) from Tank 5, and

2) A plan for future release response actions to be taken.

This report presents a summary of the releas e response activities performed from January 13, 2014 through April 18, 2014 at the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility (herei nafter referred to as “the Facility”) located at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam (JBPHH), Oahu, Hawaii.



### 1.1 Statement of Purpose
Release response actions were performed to address a fuel release observed in Tank 5.



### 1.2 Previous Reports

Release confirmation information for Tank 5 was submitted to the State of Hawaii Department of Health (DOH) as Commander Navy Region Ha waii (CNRH) letter 5090 Ser N45/044 dated January 23, 2014.



## 2.0 Background

The following sections provide a description of the site, information on the Facility and underground storage tanks (USTs), general history of the release, and a description of response

and abatement activities.



### 2.1 Site Description

The Facility is located on federal government land (zoned F1- Military and Federal), located in Halawa Heights, approximately 2.5 miles northeast of Pearl Harbor (Figure 1) . It is located on a low ridge on the western edge of the Koolau Mountain Range that divides Halawa Valley from Moanalua Valley. The Facility is bordered on the north by Hala wa Correctional Facility and private businesses, on the west by the United States (U.S.) Coast Guard re servation, on the south by residential neighborhoods, and on the east by Moanalua Valley. A quarry is located less than a quarter mile away to the northwest. The Facil ity occupies 144 acres of land and the majority of

the site is at an elevation of approximately 200 to 500 feet above mean sea level (msl) (Environmental Science International, Inc., 2014).

Area wells and aquifers are show n in Figure 2. A site layout of groundwater monitoring wells and soil vapor monitoring points are shown in Figure 3.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

3 

### 2.2 Facility Information

The Facility contains 18 active and 2 inac tive USTs, which are operated by Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) Fleet L ogistics Center (FLC) Pearl Harbor (formerly Fleet and Industrial Supply Center). The Fa cility was constructe d by the U.S. Government in the early 1940s. Twenty USTs and a series of tunnels were constructed to supply fu el to the Navy. Each UST has a capacity of approximately 12.5 million ga llons. The Facility is located approximately 100 feet above the basal aquifer. The USTs c ontain Jet Fuel Propellant-5 (JP-5), JP-8, and Marine Diesel Fuel (F-76). Tank 5 is used to store JP-8.

Four groundwater monitoring wells (w ells RHMW01, RHMW02, RHMW03, and RHMW05) are located within the lower access tunnel, an d one sampling point (RHMW2254-01) is located at Red Hill Shaft. Sampling po int RHMW2254-01 is located inside the infiltration gallery of the Department of the Navy (Navy) Well 2254-01. Navy Well 2254-01 is lo cated approximately 2,400 feet down-gradient of the USTs and provid es potable water to th e JBPHH Water System, which serves approximately 65,200 military custom ers. Naval Facilitie s Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Public Works Department operates th e infiltration gallery and Navy Well 2254-01.

Two groundwater monitoring wells (well HDMW2253-03 and OWDFMW01) are located outside of the Facility tunnel system (Figure 3). Well HDMW2253- 03 is located at the Halawa Correctional Facility (outside the Facility) a nd well OWDFMW01 is located at the Oily Waste Disposal Facility, near Adit 3.



### 2.3 UST Information

There are twenty 12.5 million-gallon USTs at the F acility. The USTs were constructed of steel and currently contain JP-5, JP-8, and F-76. Severa l tanks in the past have stored Navy special fuel oil, Navy distillate, aviation gasoline, a nd motor gasoline (Environet, 2010). The fueling system is a self-contained underground unit that was installed into native rock comprised primarily of basalt with some interbedded tuffs and breccias (Envi ronet, 2010). Each UST measures approximately 245 feet in height a nd 100 feet in diameter. The upper domes of the tanks lie at depths varying between 1 00 feet and 200 feet below ground surface.

The current status of each of the USTs is summa rized in Table 1. The release was observed on the lower access tunnel wall, beneath Tank 5. Table 2, “Summary of UST Information,”

summarizes the available UST information for Tank 5.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

4 Table 1
Current Status of the USTs

Tank
Identification Fuel Type Status Capacity

1 None Inactive 12.5 million gallons 2 JP-8 Active 12.5 million gallons 3 JP-8 Active 12.5 million gallons 4 JP-8 Active 12.5 million gallons 5 JP-8 Temporarily Out of Use 12.5 million gallons 6 JP-8 Active 12.5 million gallons 7 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons 8 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons 9 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons 10 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons 11 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons 12 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons 13 F-76 Active 12.5 million gallons 14 F-76 Temporarily Out of Use 12.5 million gallons 15 F-76 Active 12.5 million gallons 16 F-76 Active 12.5 million gallons 17 JP-5 Temporarily Out of Use 12.5 million gallons 18 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons 19 None Inactive 12.5 million gallons 20 JP-5 Active 12.5 million gallons

F-76 Marine Diesel Fuel JP-5 Jet Fuel Propellant-5 JP-8 Jet Fuel Propellant-8

Table 2 Summary of UST Information Facility ID 9-102271
Release ID 140010
UST ID 5 UST Capacity 12,500,000 gallons
UST Construction Field-constr ucted, steel-lined concrete
Substance stored JP-8
Date Installed 1941 UST Owner Commander Navy Region Hawaii UST Operator Naval Supply Systems Command Fleet Logistics
Center Pearl Harbor/ De fense Logistics Agency (Funding Agent for the Release)Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

5 

## 3.0 General History of the Release

A 4-year project to clean, insp ect, and repair Tank 5 was comple ted in December 2013. Fuel was added to the tank beginning on December 9, 2013. Due to the enormous size of the tanks at the Facility, filling operations typically take approximately one month. In January 2014, tank filling operations were near completion.

The fuel release from Tank 5 was discovered at 7:30 am on January 13, 2014. The tank level indicator and visual evidence alerted fuel operators of the fuel loss. Fuel operators observed an unscheduled fuel movement alarm on January 11, 2014. Following the alarm, five manual tank gauges were taken from January 11 to January 13, 2014. The tank gauges showed a decrease of 3/16” in the fuel level. In addition, a wet s pot was noticed on the tunn el wall the evening of January 12, 2014. The wet spot was later dete rmined to be a petroleum substance.

To determine the amount of fuel lost, all fuel transactions (gains and losses) from Tank 5 between the date the tank was placed back in to service (December 9, 2013) and the date the release was detected (January 13, 2014) were added. Manual tank gauges were used and fuel

levels were calculated based on a current strapping chart. The estimated cumulative total of all gains and losses was 27,000 gallons.



## 4.0 Initial Response and Abatement

The following sections describe activities that were performed during the first four weeks after the discovery of the suspected re lease of JP-8 from Tank 5.



### 4.1 Tank Draining

As a precaution, when notified of the decrease in tank level, the NAVSUP FLC Pearl Harbor Fuel and Facility Management Director had fu el operators initiate ta nk draining at 6:00 am on January 13, 2014. The NAVSUP FLC Pearl Harbor Fuel and Facility Management Director conducted further investigation by looking at the log numbers in the control room and the wet spot on the tunnel wall. At 7:30 am on Janua ry 13, 2014, the NAVSUP FLC Pearl Harbor Fuel and Facility Management Director made the offici al determination that there was a potential leak and began the notification process. Draining of Tank 5 began prior to the discovery of the

release.

The tank was drained to the bottom at 2:20 am on January 18, 2014. Following venting of Tank 5, the tank was certified gas-free and safe to enter. Approximately 250 gallons of residual product was removed from the tank bottom on April 9, 2014. After all Health and Safety requirements are met, a detailed visual inspection shall be conducted and a forensic report on the integrity of the tank shall be deliver ed by the tank inspection experts.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

6 

### 4.2 Oil/Water Interface Measurements

Oil/water interface measurements were ta ken at monitoring wells RHMW01, RHMW02, and RHMW05 and sampling point RHMW2254-01 on January 15, 2014 and for ten consecutive weekdays from January 22 through February 4, 2014. Oil/water interface measurements were taken at monitoring wells RHMW01, RH MW02, and RHMW05 on February 10, 2014.

The water level at each well and sampling point was gauged and measured for the presence of light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) using an interface meter. The interface meter was lowered into the wells and sampli ng point to determine the depth of water to the nearest 0.01 foot, and the existence of any immiscible layers (LNAPL). No LNAPL was detected.



### 4.3 Soil Vapor Sampling

Soil vapor sampling was performed at Tank 5 on January 15, 2014 and at all active and accessible tanks on January 30, 2014.

Soil vapor samples were collected and analyzed in the field for volatil e organic compound (VOC) concentrations using a photo-ionization detector (PID). Soil vapor monitoring points (SVMPs) were given a SV prefix, followed by the associated tank number, and then the location under the

tank: “S” for shallow or front of the UST, “M” for mid depth or middle or the UST, and “D” for deep or outer edge of the UST. Typical SVMP construction de tails are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.

A conservative approach to assess the integrity of the associated tank system is to measure if VOC concentrations exceed 280,000 parts per billi on by volume (ppbv) in soil vapor monitoring probes beneath tanks containing JP-5 or JP -8, or 14,000 ppbv in soil vapor monitoring probes beneath tanks containing marine di esel fuel. These values are 50 percent of the calculated vapor

concentration from fuel-saturated water.

The soil vapor VOC concentrations at Tank 5 in creased significantly in the middle and outer edge SVMPs during the January 15, 2014 sampling ev ent. The VOC concen tration in the middle SVMP was 225,000 ppbv compared to 622 ppbv detected during the previous sampling event on December 23, 2013. The VOC concentration in the outer edge SVMP was 204,000 ppbv compared to 794 ppbv on December 23, 2013. The VOC concentration in the front SVMP was relatively unchanged at 96 ppbv, compared to 50 ppbv on December 23, 2013.

Soil vapor samples were collected from beneat h 17 of the 18 active tanks on January 30, 2014.

Tank 14 was not accessible due to construction work. The soil vapor VOC concentrations in SV05M and SV05D (150,000 and 175,000 ppbv, respectiv ely) decreased since the previous sampling event on January 15, 2014. Significant incr eases in VOC concentr ations in SVMPs at nearby Tanks 3, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were observed. Moderate increases in VOC concentrations were observed in SVMPs SV17M, SV17D, and SV18D. There were no significant changes in VOC

concentration in the other SVMPs.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

7 Soil vapor sampling results from March 24, 20 08 through January 30, 2014 are presented in Appendix B.



### 4.4 Groundwater Sampling

Groundwater samples were collected from monitoring wells RHMW 01, RHMW02, RHMW05, and sampling point RHMW2254-01 on January 15 a nd 16, 2014, then again on January 28 and 29, 2014.

Groundwater samples were collected from th e Halawa Deep Monitoring Well HDMW2253-03 on January 22 and 27, 2014.

All groundwater samples were analyzed for the target analytes for releases of jet fuel as listed in
Table 9-5 of the DOH Technical Guidance Manual for the Implementation of the Hawaii State Contingency Plan (DOH, 2013). The target an alytes for jet fuel are total petroleum hydrocarbons as diesel (TPH-d), benzene, tolu ene, ethylbenzene and total xylenes (BTEX), naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthale ne, and 2-methylnaphthalene.

Concentrations of TPH-d were detected abov e the DOH Environmental Action Levels (EALs) for both Drinking Water Toxicity and Gross Cont amination in samples collected from RHMW01 and RHMW02 on January 15, 2014 (DOH, 2011). The concentration of TPH-d at RHMW02 in January 15, 2014 also exceeded the site specific risk based level ( SSRBL) of 4,500 micrograms per liter (ug/L).

Concentrations of TPH-d were detected a bove the DOH Groundwater Gross Contamination EAL at RHMW01 on January 30, 2014. TPH-d was detect ed at concentrations above the DOH EALs for both Drinking Water Toxicity and Gross Contamination, but below the SSRBL in samples collected from RHMW02 on January 30, 2014.

Over half of the TPH-d analytical results we re flagged with the da ta qualifier “HD”, which indicates the chromatographic patt ern was inconsistent with the profile of the reference fuel

standard.

Naphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene were det ected at RHMW02 at concentrations above the DOH EAL for Drinking Water Toxicity but be low the DOH Groundwater Gross Contamination EAL on January 15 and 28, 2014.

Concentrations of all other targ et analytes were belo w DOH EALs or not de tected. Analytical results are presented in Table 3.



### 4.5 Drinking Water Sampling

As a precautionary measure the Red Hill Water Shaft was shut down on January 16, 2014 and an alternative water source used to supply water to the Pearl Harbor Na val Complex. DrinkingTable 3Summary of Laboratory Analytical Results forGroundwater SamplesJanuary15 through 29,2014Well NameDateSampled801582708260

Lab ID No. TPH-d (μg/l) Naphthalene (μg/l) 1,-Methylnaphthalene 2,-Methylnaphthalene Benzene (μg/l) Toluene Ethylbenzene Xylenes, Total (p/m-, o-xylene)DOH EAL Drinking WaterToxicity--190174.72451,00070010,000DOH EAL GrossContamination--100211010170403020RHMW011/15/14 ES048250 HD0.062J0.040J0.039J<0.52.5<0.5<1.5RHMW011/28/14 ES056130 HD0.045 J <0.050 <0.050 <0.5 1.3 <0.5 <1.0RHMW021/15/14 ES046/047d5,200186.04.9<0.5<0.50.17J0.48JRHMW021/28/14 ES057/057d2,300 HD189.05.90.15 J<0.50.20 J0.38 JRHMW051/16/14 ES049<20<0.050 <0.050<0.050<0.5<0.5<0.5<1.5RHMW051/29/14 ES06116J, HD <0.050 <0.050 <0.050<0.5<0.5<0.5<1.0RHMW2254-01 1/16/14 ES050<200.046J <0.049<0.049<0.5<0.5<0.5<1.5RHMW2254-01 1/29/14 ES060<200.049J <0.050<0.050<0.5<0.5<0.5<1.0HDMW2253-03 1/22/14 ES051/052d18J, HD <0.051 <0.051 <0.051<0.50<0.50<0.50<1.5HDMW2253-03 1/27/14 ES05535J, HD 0.064 J <0.051 <0.051<0.50<0.50<0.50<1.0NOTES:Results were evaluated to the Method Detection Limit (DL). Concentrations greater than or equal to the DL but less than theLimit of Quantitation (LOQ), if found, are qualified with a "J" flag. Data inBoldare equal to or above the Hawaii DOH Drinking Water Toxicity Environmental Action Level (EAL). μg/l = Micrograms per liter.“<” indicatesnon-detectat the value equal to the Limit of Detection (LOD)given. d = Duplicate.”J” flagged data are estimated. The “HD” flag indicates that the chromatographic pattern was inconsistent with the profile of the reference fuel standard.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

9 water samples were collected from the post- treatment regulatory compliance sampling point (360-011, Tap Outside Cl2 Building) on Januar y 14, 16, 21 and 28, 2014 and from the pretreatment regulatory sampling point (360-001, Red Hill Shaft Pumphead) on January 16, 2014. These samples were analyzed for VOCs, Semi- volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) and JP-8 using EPA Methods 524.2, 525.2, and 8015B.

All test results for the drinking water system were below the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and acceptable for distribution. Minimal con centrations of bromoform were detected in the samples collected from 360-011 on January 16, 21, and 28, 2014, dibromochloromethane in the samples collected from 360-011 on January 21 and 28, 2014, and bromodichloromethane in the sample collected from 360- 011 on January 28. 2014. All total tr ihalomethanes results were well below the MCL of 80 parts per billion (ppb ). The Red Hill Drinking Shaft 360-001 was reopened on February 6, 2014.

All other analytes were not det ected in the drinking water sample s collected during this period. A summary of the drinking water sa mpling is provided in Table 4.



## 5.0 Site Sampling for Release Verification

The following sections describe activities th at were performed from February 24, 2014 to April 18, 2014.



### 5.1 Oil/Water Interface Measurements

Oil/water interface measurements were taken at monitoring wells RHMW01 and RHMW02 on February 24, March 4, 14, 27, and April 7, 2014. Oil/water interface meas urements were taken at monitoring wells RHMW05 on February 27, March 14, 27, and April 7, 2014. No LNAPL

was detected.



### 5.2 Soil Vapor Sampling

Soil vapor sampling was performed as follows:

 February 24 – All active and accessible tanks

 March 5 – Tanks 2 through 10

 March 10 – Tanks 2 through 10

 March 21 – Tanks 5, 6, 7, and 8

 March 25 and 28 – All active and accessible tanks

 April 3 – Tanks 5, 6, 7, and 8

 April 7 – Tanks 2 through 10

 April 16 – Tanks 5, 6, 7, and 8Table4DrinkingWaterSamplingSummaryRedHillTank5SampleDate 524.2;525.2 8015B 200.8 524.2;525.2 8015B 200.8DetectionsandComments1/14/2014 ND ND N/A N/A N/A N/A1/16/2014 ND ND N/A ND ND N/A Bromoformdetectedinthe524.2analysisforthe360‐011sample.1/21/2014 ND ND N/A N/A N/A N/A Bromoform,Dibromochloromethaneweredetected1/28/2014 ND ND N/A N/A N/A N/ABromoform,Bromodichloromethane,Dibromochloromethaneweredetected.2/11/2014 ND ND 5.2ppb N/A N/A 3.7ppbBromoform,Dibromochloromethane,andLeadweredetected.Resultforleadatoldpost‐chlorinationsamplingpointwasND.2/28/2014 N/A N/A ND N/A N/A ND Resultforleadatoldpost‐chlorinationsamplingpointwas10ppb.3/11/2014 ND ND ND N/A N/A NDBromoformwasdetected.Resultforleadatoldpost‐chlorinationsamplingpointwasND.4/8/2014Resultsnotreceivedtodate.5/13/2014ScheduledsamplingforLeadat360‐011only6/10/2014ScheduledsamplingforLeadat360‐011only7/8/2014Scheduledsamplingfor524.2,525.2,8015B,Leadat360‐011.10/14/2014Scheduledsamplingfor524.2,525.2,8015B,Leadat360‐011.EPAMethod524.2forvolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)EPAMethod525.2forsemi‐volatileorganiccompoundsEPAMethod8015forJP8(C8‐C18)gaschromatographEPAMethod200.8forlead360‐011,TapOutsideCL2Bldg Pumphead,360‐001Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

11 Soil vapor VOC concentrations at Tank 5 exceeded 280,000 ppbv during the April 3, 7, and 16 sampling events. Soil vapor VOC concentrations significantly increased at Tanks 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 during the March 25, 2014 sampling event. Soil vapor VOC concentrations significantly increased at Tank 6 during the April 3, 2014 sampli ng event. A possible r eason for the increase

in VOC concentrations is that Tank 5 was being vented during this time.

Between December 23, 2013 and March 28, 2014, a str ong increase in VOC concentrations was observed in SVMPs at Tank 17. During the same period, a strong decrease in soil vapor VOC concentrations was observed in SVMPs at Tank 18. The reason for the change in VOC

concentrations at Tanks 17 and 18 is unknown.

Soil vapor sampling results from March 24, 2008 through April 16, 2014 are presented in Appendix C.



### 5.3 Groundwater Sampling

Groundwater sampling was performed as follows:

 February 24 – RHMW01, RHMW02

 March 5 and 6 – RHMW01, RHMW02, RHMW05, RHMW2254-01

 March 10 – RHMW01, RHMW02

 March 25 and 26 – RHMW01, RHMW02, RHMW05, RHMW2254-01

 April 7 – RHMW01, RHMW02

All groundwater samples were analyzed for the targ et analytes for releases of jet fuel: TPH-d, BTEX, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, an d 2-methylnaphthalene. Groundwater samples collected from RHMW2254-01 were also analyzed for total and dissolved lead. A summary of the analytical results is provi ded in the following sections.



### 5.3.1 RHMW01

TPH-d was detected at concentrations below DOH EALs for both Drinki ng Water and Toxicity and Gross Contamination, except during the Ap ril 7, 2014. A TPH-d concentration of 140 ug/L was detected during the April 7, 2014 sampling event. The TPH-d DOH EAL for Drinking Water Toxicity is 190 ug/L. The TPH-d D OH Groundwater Gross Contamination EAL is 100 ug/L.

Naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, a nd dissolved lead were detected at estimated concentrations below DOH EALs for both Drinking Water and Toxicity and Gross Contamination.



### 5.3.2 RHMW02
TPH-d and naphthalene were detected at conc entrations above DOH EALs for both Drinking Water and Toxicity and Gro ss Contamination, but below the SSRBL of 4,500 ug/L. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) 1-methylna phthalene was detected at concentrationsInitial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

12 above the DOH EAL for Drinking Water Toxicity, but belo w the DOH Groundwater Gross

Contamination EAL.

The PAH 2-methylnaphthalene was detected at concentrations below DOH EALs for both Drinking Water and Toxicity and Gross Contamin ation. Ethylbenzene, xylenes, and dissolved

lead were detected at estimated concen trations below their respective DOH EALs.



### 5.3.3 RHMW05
TPH-d, naphthalene, and dissolved lead were dete cted at estimated concentrations below DOH EALs for both Drinking Water and Toxicity and Gross Contamination



### 5.3.4 RHMW2254-01

Total and dissolved lead were detected at es timated concentrations below the DOH EALs for both Drinking Water and Toxic ity and Gross Contamination

Concentrations of all other ta rget analytes in the three m onitoring wells (RHMW01, RHMW02, RHMW05) and one sampling point (RHMW2254-01) were below DOH EALs or not detected.

A summary of laboratory analytical result s from October 21, 2013 through April 7, 2014 is presented in Table 5.



### 5.4 Drinking Water Sampling

Drinking water samples were collected from the post-treatment regulatory compliance sampling point (360-011, Tap Outside Cl2 Building) on February 11, March 11 and April 8, 2014. In addition to the analyses conduc ted on the drinking water sample s collected in January, these samples were also analyzed fo r lead using EPA Method 200.8.

Samples were also collected from the pre- treatment regulatory sampling point (360-001, Red Hill Shaft Pumphead) and the Old Post Chlorina tion Sample Point on February 11, February 28, March 11, and April 8, 2014. These samples were only analyzed for lead using EPA Method

200.8.

Bromoform was detected in the samples co llected on February 11 and March 11, 2014.

Dibromochloromethane was detected in the sa mple collected on February 11, 2014. All Total

Trihalomethanes results were well below the MCL of 80 ppb.

Lead was detected in the samples collected at 360-011 and 360-001 on February 11 and at the Old Post-Chlorination Sample Point on February 28. All detected lead concentrations were below the EPA Action Level of 15 ppb.

No other analytes were detected in the drinking water samples collected during this period. A summary of the drinking water sampling is prov ided in Table 4. Results for the samples collected on April 8, 2014 have not been received to date.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

15 

## 6.0 Subsurface Conditions/Water Quality

Climatological conditions in the ar ea of the Facility consist of wa rm to moderate temperatures and low to moderate rainfall. The Facility is le eward of the prevailing no rtheasterly trade winds. The average annual precipitation is approximately 40 inches, wh ich occurs mainly between November and April (State of Hawaii Depart ment of Land and Natu ral Resources [DLNR], 1986). Annual pan evaporation is approximately 75 inches (DLNR, 1985). Average temperatures range from the low 60’s to high 80’s (deg rees Fahrenheit) (Atlas of Hawaii, 1983).

Oahu consists of the eroded remnants of two sh ield volcanoes, Waianae a nd Koolau. The Facility

is located on the southwest flank of the Koolau volcanic shield. Lavas erupted during the shieldbuilding phase of the volcano belong to the Koolau Volcanic Series (Stearns and Vaksvik, 1935). Following formation of the Koolau shield, a long period of volcanic qui escence occurred, during which the shield was deeply eroded. Following this erosional period, eruptive activity resumed. Lavas and pyroclastic material erupt ed during this period belong to the Honolulu Volcanic Series (Stearns and Vaksvik, 1935).

In the immediate area of the Facility, Koolau Vo lcanic Series lavas domin ate, although there are

consolidated and unconsolidated non -calcareous deposits in the vicin ity that consist of alluvium generated during erosion of the Koolau volcanic shield. South-southwest of the Site, and in isolated exposures to the west , are pyroclastic deposits formed during eruptions from three Honolulu Volcanic Series vents, Salt Lake, Aliamanu, and Makalapa (Stearns and Vaksvik, 1935). Based on established geology and records of the drilled wells (Stearns and Vaksvik, 1938), the Facility is underlain by Koolau Volcanic Series basalts. The area of the Facility is classified

as Rock Land , where 25 to 90% of the la nd surface is covered by expos ed rock and there are only shallow soils (Foote, et al., 1972).

Groundwater in Hawaii exists in two principal types of aquifers. The first and most important type, in terms of drinking water resources, is the ba sal aquifer. The basal aquifer exists as a lens of fresh water floating on and displacing seawater within the pore spaces, fractures, and voids of the basalt that forms the underlying mass of each Hawaiian island. In parts of Oahu, groundwater in the basal aquifer is confined by the overlying caprock and is under pressure. Waters that flow freely to the surface from wells that ta p the basal aquifer are referred to as artesian

.

The second type of aquifer is th e caprock aquifer, which consists of various kinds of unconfined and semi-confined groundwater. Commonly, the capro ck consists of a thic k sequence of nearly impermeable clays, coral, and basalt, which separa tes the caprock aquifer from the basal aquifer. The impermeable nature of these materials and the artesian nature of the basal aquifer severely restrict the downward migration of groundwater from the upper caprock aquifer. In the area of the Facility, there is no discernible caprock.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

16 Groundwater in the area of th e Facility is part of the Waimalu Aquifer System of the Pearl Harbor Aquifer Sector. The aquifer is classified as a ba sal, unconfined, flank-type; and is currently used as a drinking wate r source. The aquifer is consid ered fresh with less than 250 milligrams per liter of chloride and is consid ered an irreplaceable resource with a high vulnerability to contamin ation (Mink and Lau, 1990).

The nearest drinking water s upply well is the Navy Well 2254-01, lo cated in the infiltration gallery within the Facilit y. Navy Well 2254-01 is located a pproximately 2,400 feet downgradient of the USTs (Figure 3).



## 8.0 Potential Migration Pathways

Potential migration pathways were presented in the Technical Report for the Facility (TEC, 2007) and the Groundwater Protection Plan (TEC, 2008). Potential receptors include persons using the basal groundwater. Migration pathways of potential concern include the following:

 Vertical movement through basalt to basal groundwater;

 Movement in basal groundwater to down -gradient potable wa ter wells; and

 Expected isolation of the Red Hill gr oundwater basin from City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply (BWS) we lls due to the depth of the North Halawa Valley and Moanalua Valley fills.

The following information on the local geology is provided in the Tec hnical Report (TEC, 2007):

“At a nearby drilling site, approximate ly 2,000 ft southwest of V1D, it was reported (Earth Tech, 1999) the basalt bedrock appeared completely dry and massive at approximately 20 ft above ms l, which was distinct from the highly fractured basalt overlying this unit and significantly differe nt from the log of V1D. At the southwest location, basal groundwat er was encountered directly beneath this massive unit at an elevation of approximately 1 to 2 ft below msl. After the monitoring wells were installed, the poten tiometric groundwater surface stabilized at an elevation of approximately 16 ft above msl, suggesting that the massive lower basalt acts as a localized low-permeability layer, resulting in the confined groundwater conditions exhibited by the basa l aquifer. However, Mink (Mink, 1999) states that although the a’a lava can act as a local confin ing unit, it tends to be very limited in extent, and ther efore, unconfined conditions may be encountered in close proximity.

Information in the Willbros Engineers, Inc. (Willbros) report (Willbros, 1998) supports Mink’s findings and states that the Facility is bounded on each side by deep alluvial fills and sedimentary caprock (marine and terrestrial sediments) in the down-gradient direction. In the ar ea of the lower tunnel and the Red Hill portion of the Harbor Tunnel, the basal aqui fer is located in pe rmeable basalt on

which the tunnel and tanks are located (Willbros, 1998). This further supports Mink’s theory that confined condition s are generally limited in extent.”Table5SummaryofLaboratoryAnalyticalResultsforGroundwaterSamplesOctober21,2013throughApril7,2014RedHillBulkFuelStorageFacilityEPA Method 8015 8015 8015 8260B 8260B 8260B 8260B 8260B 8260B 8270C 8270C 8270C 6020 200.8

TPH-d TPH-g TPH-o TPH-g Benzene Ethylbenzene Napthalene Toluene Xylenes, Total (p/m-, ox 1,-Methylnaphthalene 2,-Methylnaphthalene Naphthalene Dissolved Lead (filtere d Total Lead (unfiltered)(feet)(μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l) (μg/l)DOH EAL DrinkingWater Toxicity--190 100 4400 100 5 700 17 1,000 10,000 4.7 24 17 15DOH EAL GrossContamination--100 100 100 100 170 30 21 40 20 10 10 21 50,000RHMW0110/21/201392 HD-- 15 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U < 0.052 U < 0.052 U < 0.052 U2.06-102.27' TOC ELEV1/15/2014250 HD-- -< 0.50 U < 0.50 U -2.5<1.0 U0.040 J 0.039 J 0.062 J --1/28/2014130 HD-- 26 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U -1.3<1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.045 J 0.205 J-2/24/201489 HD--<30 U < 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.037 J 0.195 J-3/5/201493- - - < 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U0.038 J<0.050 U0.112 J3/10/201438 HD- - - < 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.052 U <0.052 U <0.052 U <0.200 U -3/25/201482 HD- - - < 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.051 U <0.051 U <0.051 U0.110 J-4/7/2014140 HD- - - < 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U <0.050 U <0.200 U -RHMW0210/21/20132,400 HD - - 48 B,J< 0.50 U0.14 J- < 0.50 U0.37 J 9.0 9.0 30< 0.200 U -104.76' TOC ELEV10/21/2013*2,400 HD - - 63 B< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U0.37 J 7.5 7.5 25< 0.200 U -1/15/20145,000 - - -< 0.50 U0.17 J- < 0.50 U0.48 J 6.0 4.9 18- -1/15/2014*5,200 - - -< 0.50 U0.17 J- < 0.50 U0.45 J 5.3 4.3 17- -1/28/20142,300 HD - - 50 B 0.14 J 0.20 J- < 0.50 U0.38 J 8.8 5.4 18<0.200 U -1/28/2014*2,100 HD - - 52 B 0.15 J 0.20 J- < 0.50 U0.34 J 9.0 5.9 18<0.200 U -2/24/20142,200 HD - - 40 J< 0.50 U0.15 J- < 0.50 U0.29 J 5.2 2.5 15<0.200 U -3/5/20142,100- - - < 0.50 U0.15 J- < 0.50 U0.29 J 2.6 1.5 10<0.200 U -3/5/2014*2,200- - - < 0.50 U0.15 J- < 0.50 U0.32 J 3.9 2.9 13<0.200 U -3/10/2014930- - - < 0.50 U <0.50 U - < 0.50 U0.30 J 3.7 2.5 11<0.200 U -3/10/2014*890- - - < 0.50 U <0.50 U - < 0.50 U0.31 J 4.2 3.0 12<0.200 U -3/25/20141,700 HD- - - < 0.50 U0.15 J- < 0.50 U0.38 J 9.0 4.9 33<0.200 U -3/25/2014*1,700 HD- - - < 0.50 U0.16 J- < 0.50 U0.41 J 8.1 4.0 33 0.116 J-4/7/20143,500 HD< 0.50 U0.18 J< 0.50 U0.40 J 6.2 4.4 25 0.200 J4/7/2014*3,300 HD- - - < 0.50 U <0.50 U - < 0.50 U0.33 J 9.0 7.6 31<0.200 U -RHMW0310/21/201354 HD - - 23 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U < 0.050 U < 0.050 U < 0.050 U < 0.200 U -121.06' TOC ELEV1/28/201474 - - 20 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.15 J<0.200 U -RHMW0510/22/2013 < 20 U- - 17 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U < 0.051 U < 0.051 U0.17 J< 0.200 U -101.55' TOC ELEV1/16/2014 < 20 U- --< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U < 0.050 U < 0.050 U < 0.050 U--1/29/201416 J,HD - - 23 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.064 J<0.200 U -3/6/2014 <21 U- --<0.50 U <0.50 U - <0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.038 J<0.200 U -3/26/201417 J,HD - - -<0.50 U <0.50 U - <0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.092 J 0.286 J-RHMW2254-0110/22/2013 < 20 U- - 13 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U < 0.050 U < 0.050 U0.036 J -<0.0898iU1/16/2014 < 20 U- --< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U < 0.049 U < 0.049 U0.046 J --1/29/2014 <20 U- - 16 B,J< 0.50 U < 0.50 U - < 0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.049 J -<0.0898iU3/6/2014 <20 U- --<0.50 U <0.50 U - <0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.081 J<0.200 U0.155iJ3/26/2014 <10 U- --<0.50 U <0.50 U - <0.50 U <1.0 U <0.050 U <0.050 U <0.050 U0.207 J0.140iJNotes:* duplicate samplesJanuary 2008 to November 2009 depth to water measurements were entered in previous reports a tenth of a foot to high, adjustments were made to correct.HDOH, EHE Guidance Final EALs for Final Drinking Water Action Levels for Human Toxicity (Table D-3a) and Groundwater Gross Contamination Action Levels where groundwater IS a current or potential source of drinking water (Table G-1)Grey highlight - exceeds EALsBold - detected valuesB - analyte was present in the associated method blanki - the MRL/MDL has been elevated due to a chromatographic interferenceHD - the chromatographic pattern was inconsistent with the profile of the reference fuel standardJ - indicates an estimated valueSSRBL atRHMW01,RHMW02,RHMW03,RHMW05(TEC,2008)TPH‐d=4500ug/LBenzene=750ug/LInitial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

17 

### 8.1 Groundwater Usage

The Facility is located up-gradient of the Hawaii State Underground Injection Control Line (UIC), which separates potable groundwater from non-potable groundwater. The nearest public drinking water well (BWS Halawa Shaft well 2354-01) is located hydraulically cross-gradient of the site. This drinking water well is approximate ly 5,000 feet to the northwe st of the Facility and pumps water from the basal aquifer.

Navy well 2254-01 is located near the site. This well is appr oximately 3,000 feet to the west of the site and is potentially down-grad ient from the Facility (TEC, 2008).



### 8.2 Risk Summary

Current and future ecological risk is considered negligible because the Facility is underground and the migration pathway to ground surface or surface water via seeps is not complete.

The human health risk assessment was conducted assuming that future storage will remain jet

fuel and heavier fuel mixtures. Under this a ssumption, the following determinations were made (TEC, 2008):

 The current and future risk of exposure via migration from soil ga s to indoor air is considered negligible.

 The primary environmental risks at the Facility were determined to be due to a future scenario in which groundwater fr om beneath the site was extracted for residential tapwater use, including drinki ng. Currently, no extraction wells lie in the vicinity of Tank 5.

 If a release produces a large source of LNAPL on the water table, dissolved contaminants or free product may result in unacceptable concentrations of petroleum in the Red Hill sub-basin, which feeds into the Navy well 2254-01 potable water system. Such a release c ould decrease the amount of potable water available to JBPHH Water System consumers.



## 9.0 Surrounding Populations and Land Use

9.1 Surrounding Populations

Populated areas closest to the F acility are Pearl City and Aiea to the west and Honolulu to the

south and east. There is a Co ast Guard and Navy housing comple x in Aliamanu Crater to the southwest of the Facility. Pearl Harbor also lies to the southwes t of the Facility. The nearest

residential area is located southeast of the Facili ty in Moanalua Valley, directly adjacent to the Facility perimeter (TEC, 2007).



### 9.2 Land Use

The Facility is located on fede ral government land and there ar e no occupied buildings above ground. Public land is locat ed to the immediate north and nort heast. Immediately north of the public land is forest and Halawa Correctional Faci lity. An industrial deve lopment is located toInitial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

18 the north and northwest. Resi dential land consisting of singl e-family homes is located immediately adjacent, and south and southeast of the Facility. A high cliff face with a 100 to

200-foot elevation difference exists between the F acility and this residen tial area. Residences, townhouses and apartment buildings are located to the southwest of the Facility, and a public school is also present in the area (Figure 6).

The closest residential property to the Facility is the area zoned for apar tment buildings located approximately 305 feet southwest of Tank 2. Red Hill Elementary School is located approximately 1,080 feet southwest of Tank 2. Th e Moanalua Village residential development is located approximately 880 feet south of Tank 2.

The area zoned for apartment bu ildings is located approximately 2,113 feet southwest of Tank 20 (the tank farthest east), and Red Hill Elemen tary School is located approximately 2,850 feet from Tank 20. The Moanalua Village residentia l development is located approximately 875 feet south of Tank 20 (TEC, 2007).



## 10.0 Summary of Findings

Significant increases of soil vapor VOC concentr ations beneath Tank 5 and nearby tanks may be

attributed to the release of JP -8 from Tank 5 in January 2014.

Results of oil/water interface measurements, groundwater sampling and analysis, and drinking water sampling and analysis indicate the releas e of JP-8 from Tank 5 has not impacted the underlying groundwater.



## 11.0 Planned Future Release Response Actions

The following sections describe release respon se actions that are cu rrently being pursued.



### 11.1 Groundwater Protection Plan Update

A contract was awarded in March 2014 to modi fy the 2008 Groundwater Protection Plan and 2009 revisions to comply with the requirement s of Environmental Hazard Evaluations as specified in the DOH-HEER Guidance.



### 11.2 Groundwater Flow Model

A contract was awarded in Ma rch 2014 to develop a plan to update the groundwater model and contaminant fate and transport analysis (analysis) to effectively evaluate th e risk of the suspected Tank 5 release transport to drinking water shafts/w ells in the area. The plan is to include a prioritized list of recommendations for additional data collection efforts required to achieve the purpose of the groundwater model and analysis.



### 11.3 Site Characterization

A contract is being prepared to characterize th e nature and extent of contamination resulting

from the release of JP-8 at Tank 5. The Site Characterization Work Plan will address methodsInitial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

19 and locations of soil and groundwat er borings to most efficientl y characterize the extent of

contamination.



### 11.4 Vertical Migration Model

Funding has been requested for a contract to develop a model to estimate downward vertical migration of free product from Ta nk 5 to the groundwater table.



### 11.5 Remediation of Contamination

Funding has been requested for a contract to a ssess the possibility of free product removal if found during site characterizat ion, and conduct a pilot treata bility study for remediation.



### 11.6 Installation of Additional Wells

The Navy has hired a consultant to evaluate existing data and provide recommendations for additional monitoring wells to serve as sentinel wells for the BWS Halawa Pump Station and Moanalua Pump Station. Funding will be reques ted for a contract to install the recommended additional groundwater monitoring wells.



## 12.0 Conclusions

Significant increases in soil vapor sampling results ma y be attributed to the release of JP-8 from Tank 5 in January 2014.

Results of oil/water interface measurements, groundwater sampling and analysis, and drinking water sampling and analysis indicate the releas e of JP-8 from Tank 5 has not impacted the underlying groundwater.

Additional release response ac tions, including site charac terization, remediation of contamination, and installation of additional groundwater monitoring wells, are recommended to protect the drinking water sources loca ted down-gradient of the Facility.

The next quarterly release res ponse report will be submitted in July 2014 and will cover the release response actions complete d between April 19 and July 11, 2014.



## 13.0 References

Atlas of Hawaii, 1983, Department of Ge ography, University of Hawaii Press.

DLNR, 1985, Pan Evaporation: State of Hawa i’i 1894-1983: Report R74, Division of Water and Land Development, August 1995.

DLNR, 1986, Rainfall Atlas of Hawaii: Report R 76, Division of Water and Land Development,

June 1986.Initial Release Response Report Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility April 2014

____________________________________________________________________________________________

20 DOH, 2000, Technical Guidance Manual for Unde rground Storage Tank Closure and Release Response, Environmental Management Divi sion, Solid and Hazardous Waste Branch, Underground Storage Ta nk Section, March 2000.

DOH, 2011, Evaluation of Environmental Hazards at Sites with Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, Environmental Management Division, Fall 2011, revised January 2012.

DOH, 2013, Technical Guidance Manual for the Implementation of the Hawaii State Contingency Plan, Office of H azard Evaluation and Emergency Re sponse, Interim Final, March

2013.

Environmental Science International, Inc ., 2014, Final First Qu arter 2014 – Quarterly Groundwater Monitoring Report, Inside Tunnel Wells, Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility, Prepared for Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Hawaii, JBPHH, Hawaii, April 2014.

Foote et al., 1972, Soil Survey of the Islands of Ka uai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lanai, State of

Hawaii.

Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chap ter 281, Underground Storage Tanks, August 2013.

Mink, J. F. and Lau, L. S., 1990, Aquifer Identification and Classification for Oahu: Groundwater Protection Strategy for Hawaii: Water Resources Research Center Technical Report No. 179, February 1990.

Stearns, H. T. and Vaksvik, K. N., 1935, Geology and Groundwater Resources of the Island of Oahu, Hawaii: Hawaii Div. Hydrogr. Bull.

Stearns, H. T. and Vaksvik, K. N., 1938, Records of the Drilled Wells on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii: Hawaii Div. Hydrogr. Bull. 4, 213 p.

TEC, 2007, Final Technical Report, Red Hill Bu lk Fuel Storage Facility, Prepared for Department of the Navy, Commander Naval Faci lities Engineering Co mmand, Pacific, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, August 2007.

TEC, 2008, Final Groundwater Protection Plan, Red Hill Fuel Storage Facility, Prepared for Navy Region Hawaii, Pearl Harbor, Hawa ii, January 2008, revised December 2009.