[Cite as Rubenbauer v. C. W. Zumbiel Co., 2013-Ohio-929.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO 

HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO 

JEFFREY RUBENBAUER, 

 Plaintiff-Appellee, 

 vs. 

C.W. ZUMBIEL CO., 

 Defendant-Appellant. 

 

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APPEAL NO. C-120486 

TRIAL NO. A-1010531 

 O P I N I O N.

 

Civil Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas 

Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed In Part, Reversed In Part, and Cause 

 Remanded 

Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: March 15, 2013 

Weber, Dickey & Bellman and Gregory W. Bellman, for Plaintiff-Appellee, 

Taft, Stettinius, & Hollister, LLP, and Charles M. Stephan, for Defendant-Appellant. 

Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar.
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

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HILDEBRANDT, Judge.

{¶1} Defendant-appellant C.W. Zumbiel Company (“Zumbiel”) appeals 

from the trial court’s judgment granting plaintiff-appellee Jeffrey Rubenbauer the 

right to participate in Ohio’s workers’ compensation fund for the conditions of leftelbow synovitis and left-elbow chondromalacia. Zumbiel also appeals the trial 

court’s judgment awarding Rubenbauer attorney fees. We affirm the trial court’s 

judgment as to the merits of Rubenbauer’s claims, but we reverse the trial court’s 

award of attorney fees and remand this cause for further proceedings on that issue. 

Facts and Procedural Posture 

{¶2} While working for Zumbiel, Rubenbauer injured his left elbow as he 

was lifting a stack of cartons and moving them onto a skid. As a result, Rubenbauer 

was allowed to participate in the workers’ compensation fund for left-elbow strain 

and left-elbow loose bodies. Rubenbauer moved the Industrial Commission to allow 

additional workers’ compensation claims for conditions known as “left-elbow 

synovitis” and “left-elbow chondromalacia.” Rubenbauer claimed that his synovitis 

was a direct result of his workplace injury and that his chondromalacia was a preexisting condition that had been substantially aggravated by his workplace injury. 

The Industrial Commission denied Rubenbauer’s motion. Rubenbauer subsequently 

appealed to the Hamilton County Common Pleas Court. Following a bench trial, the 

court ruled in favor of Rubenbauer and allowed both claims. The court also awarded 

Rubenbauer $4200 in attorney fees. This appeal followed. 

Manifest Weight of the Evidence 

{¶3} In its first assignment of error, Zumbiel contends that the trial court’s 

judgment was against the manifest weight of the evidence because Rubenbauer’s 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

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expert could not state with certainty that Rubenbauer’s workplace injury had actually 

caused his synovitis or that the injury had substantially aggravated a pre-exisiting 

condition of chondromalacia. 

{¶4} We will not reverse a trial court’s decision as against the manifest 

weight of the evidence unless, after weighing the evidence and all reasonable 

inferences and after considering the credibility of witnesses, we determine that the 

trier of fact clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that 

the case must be reversed and a new trial ordered. Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio 

St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12-22; State v. Martin, 20 Ohio 

App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983). 

{¶5} To succeed on his workers’ compensation claim Rubenbauer had to 

demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence that he suffered from the conditions 

alleged and that they had been proximately caused or had been substantially 

aggravated by his workplace accident. Fox v. Indus. Comm. of Ohio, 162 Ohio St. 

569, 125 N.E.2d 1 (1955), paragraph one of the syllabus; Bell v. Admin., Ohio Bur. of 

Workers’ Comp., 1st Dist. No. C-110166, 2012-Ohio-1364, ¶ 23; R.C. 4123.01(C)(4). 

At issue in this case was whether Rubenbauer’s workplace injury (1) had directly 

caused left-elbow synovitis and (2) had substantially aggravated the pre-existing 

condition of left-elbow chondromalacia.

{¶6} Zumbiel contends that Rubenbauer failed to establish direct causation 

or substantial aggravation because Rubenbauer’s treating physician and expert 

witness, Dr. Timothy Kremchek, could not state with certainty whether either of 

Rubenbauer’s conditions had pre-existed his workplace injury. Where, as here, 

medical expert testimony was necessary to demonstrate causation, the testifying 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

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expert must be able to opine, at a minimum, that the injury was “more likely than 

not” caused by or substantially aggravated by the accident. Krull v. Ryan, 1st Dist. 

No. C-100019, 2010-Ohio-4422, ¶ 14; Shumaker v. Oliver B. Cannon & Sons, Inc., 

28 Ohio St.3d 367, 369, 540 N.E.2d 44 (1986). 

{¶7} In this case, Kremchek could not state with absolute certainty whether 

Rubenbauer’s chondromalacia was a pre-existing condition. But Kremchek did 

testify that, based on what he had observed when he operated on Rubenbauer, it was 

“more likely than not” that Rubenbauer’s chondromalacia had existed prior to his 

workplace injury. Kremchek also opined that Rubenbauer’s synovitis was directly 

caused by his work-place injury. Both of these opinions were based on Kremchek’s 

education, training, experience, review of the case history, and personal 

observations, and were made within a “reasonable degree of medical certainty.” 

Under these circumstances, the trial court did not err in relying on Kremchek’s 

opinion to establish causation. This assignment of error is overruled. 

Kremchek Did Not Equivocate 

{¶8} In its second, third, and fourth assignments of error, Zumbiel argues 

that the trial court should not have afforded any weight to Kremchek’s testimony 

because Kremchek contradicted himself on key issues. 

{¶9} In State ex rel. Eberhard v. Flxible Corp, 70 Ohio St.3d 649, 657, 640 

N.E.2d 815 (1994), the Ohio Supreme Court held that “equivocal medical opinions 

are not evidence.” Equivocation occurs when a doctor repudiates an earlier opinion, 

renders contradictory or uncertain opinions, or fails to clarify an ambiguous 

statement.” Id.; see also Pflanz v. Pilkington LOF, 1st Dist. No. C-100574, 2011-

Ohio-2670, ¶ 24. Zumbiel points to several passages in Kremchek’s deposition and 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

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in a 2008 medical report in support of its argument that Kremchek equivocated. 

These passages, however, were either taken out of context, were later clarified when 

Kremchek explained his answer, or were corrected when Kremchek realized that he 

had misspoken. His medical opinions were therefore not equivocal and the trial 

court did not err by relying on them. Zumbiel’s second, third, and fourth 

assignments of error are overruled. 

Attorney Fees 

{¶10} In its fifth assignment of error, Zumbiel contends that the trial court 

erred when it ordered Zumbiel to pay attorney fees under R.C. 4123.512(F) without 

first conducting a hearing. We review the trial court’s decision for an abuse of 

discretion. Bland v. Ryan, 2012-Ohio-3176, 977 N.E.2d 107, ¶ 7 (2d Dist.). 

{¶11} R.C. 4123.512(F) provides that a prevailing claimant is entitled to 

attorney fees from his or her employer where the employer had contested the 

claimant’s right to participate in the workers’ compensation fund. Attorney fees are 

to be “fixed by the trial judge, based upon the effort expended,” and cannot exceed 

$4200. R.C. 4123.512(F). The trial court may, in its discretion, order a hearing on 

the issue of attorney fees, but a hearing is not required by statute. R.C. 4123.512(F); 

Johnson-Floyd v. Rem Ohio Inc., 5th Dist. No 11-CA-25, 2011-Ohio-6542, ¶ 18. The 

award, however, must be supported by the record. In this case, counsel failed to 

submit a timesheet and accompanying affidavit detailing the hours expended on the 

case and counsel’s hourly rate. And there is no other competent evidence in the 

record to support the trial court’s award. We therefore reverse the trial court’s award 

of attorney fees, and remand this case for further proceedings on this issue. 

{¶12} Zumbiel’s fifth assignment of error is sustained. 
OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS 

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{¶13} In sum, we affirm the trial court’s judgment allowing Rubenbauer to 

participate in the workers’ compensation fund for the additional conditions of leftelbow synovitis and left-elbow chondromalacia. We reverse the trial court’s award of 

attorney fees, and remand this cause for further proceedings on that issue, only. 

Judgment affirmed in part, reversed in part, and cause remanded. 

HENDON, P.J., and DEWINE, J., concur. 

Please note: 

 The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.