# Patent

## Title
Material dispensing system and methods

## Abstract

A system and method for applying a fluid to a surface. The method includes the steps of: providing a deposition system; discharging fluid from the deposition system at a first, non-zero rate; detecting movement of the deposition system in proximity to a surface; and discharging fluid at a second rate while the deposition system is moving in proximity to the surface. The system comprises: a MEMS element coupled to a fluid reservoir and adapted to dispense fluid at a plurality of non-zero rates; at least one sensor; and a controller in communication with the MEMS element and at least one sensor and adapted to receive an output from the sensor and to alter the deposition rate of the MEMS element according to the sensor output.

## Background
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to systems and methods for dispensing materials. The invention relates particularly to systems and method for the target dispensing of a material upon a surface.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Systems for the dispensing of materials are well known. Spraying, printing and other technologies are known for the transfer of a material from a reservoir to a target location. Known systems provide a mechanism for the application of materials to surfaces, and also provide for the precise application of materials to targeted locations upon surfaces.
Typical known systems tend to be of industrial scale with an intention of mass producing the target deposition or a customized targeted deposition. What is needed is a superior system and method for the targeted deposition of materials upon a surface at an individualized scale suited to personal use.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the invention comprises a method for applying fluid on surfaces. The method includes the steps of: providing a deposition system; discharging fluid from the deposition system at a first, non-zero rate; detecting movement of the deposition system in proximity to a surface; and discharging fluid at a second rate while the deposition system is moving in proximity to the surface.
In another aspect, the invention includes a system which comprises: a MEMS element coupled to a fluid reservoir and adapted to dispense fluid at a plurality of non-zero rates; at least one sensor; and a controller in communication with the MEMS element and at least one sensor and adapted to receive an output from the sensor and to alter the deposition rate of the MEMS element according to the sensor output.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The FIGURE provides a schematic representation of one embodiment of the invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the invention comprises a system for depositing a fluid or fluidized material upon a target surface. The system comprises a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) element coupled to one or more reservoirs. Exemplary MEMS elements include thermal drop-on-demand print heads (also referred to in the art as bubble jet or thermal inkjet print heads), and piezo drop-on-demand print heads.
The MEMS element may consist of a plurality of nozzles and the plurality of nozzles may be controlled independently so as to allow the rate of deposition or dispensing of fluid from each of the nozzles to be selected without regard to the rates associated with other nozzles. The firing rates of the respective nozzles may be altered by altering the frequency of the signal applied to the nozzles or by sending bit strings into an active addressing circuit that contains nozzle number and frequency of fire information. A controller contained within the system and in communication with the MEMS element may adjust the firing frequency and the firing order of respective nozzles according to preconfigured setting in the controller firmware or software and may also be associated with inputs from one or more sensors. The firing frequency may be preselected as specific values to provide a step function set of firing frequencies, or the frequency may be preconfigured to vary continuously within a predefined range according to one or more controller input values. Exemplary MEMS elements including the dispensing and control elements may be obtained from Hewlett-Packard, Fujifilm, Fuji, Canon, Seiko Epson, ST Microelectronics, MEMJET, or Texas Instruments.
One or more sensors may be included in the system for the purpose of providing information pertaining to the environment surrounding the deposition system. Exemplary environmental factors of interest include: temperature and humidity, light, the presence of an artificial or natural substrate, relative motion between the deposition system MEMS element and a substrate, the presence and proximity of the substrate, acceleration with respect to the surroundings, orientation with respect to magnetic or gravitational fields, topographic or otherwise discernible features of the substrate, and combinations of these.
Corresponding sensors include: temperature and humidity sensors, substrate proximity sensors, system or substrate motion detection sensors, acceleration sensors, field sensors, feature recognition sensors including electromagnetic wave based sensors including: optical, infrared, ultraviolet, radiofrequency and ultrasonic sensors, and combinations of these.
An illumination system may be included to support or enable the sensor detection system. One embodiment of the invention comprises LED light sources emitting light at wavelengths visible to the human eye. Other light sources, corresponding to the range or wavelengths detectable by the sensor, may include sources emitting infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths and sources emitting at radiofrequency, ultrasonic, electromagnetic or combinations of these may be used.
The controller may receive input information from the one or more sensors relating to the environment of the depositions system. The controller may alter the frequency of dispensing of the MEMS according to the input values as well as altering the dispensing to direct the dispensed fluid toward particular target locations upon a substrate. In one embodiment, the controller may process inputs from a sensor associated with substrate feature recognition. Upon determining the presence and location of a predefined substrate feature, the controller may alter the dispensing of the MEMS to direct fluid toward the feature or the area in the vicinity of the feature. Altering the dispensing in this manner may result in the application of fluid upon, or near, the feature for the purpose of masking or modifying the appearance of the feature or otherwise affecting the feature via a functional active ingredient of the fluid. Exemplary controllers include members of the Sitara series of applications processors available from Texas Instruments, the Tiva series of microcontrollers available from Texas Instruments, the STM32 series of microcontrollers available from ST Microelectronics, Coppell, Tex. and the Vybrid series of applications processors available from Freescale Semiconductor, Austin, Tex.
In one embodiment, the dispensing system may be utilized as follows: the system may be turned on via a manual switch or by a change in state—such as being removed from a storage cradle. The cradle services the dispensing system in terms of charging its battery and managing the maintenance of the MEMS element in terms of cleaning its nozzles by wiping or wetting or both and by collecting deposited media when running nozzle activation cycles. In one embodiment the cradle includes both functions and elements for charging and maintenance of the MEMS. In another embodiment the cradle serves the charging function while maintenance of the MEMS is provided by a separate removable cap. In yet another embodiment the dispensing system does not require a charging service since the power is provided do the system via cable.
The system may begin dispensing fluid at a first non-zero rate. Such dispensing may serve to prepare the MEMS element for further dispensing while also reducing fouling of the MEMS element.
Acting upon predetermined sensor input—such as the detection of a substrate in the path of dispensed fluid—the controller may alter the fluid dispensing rate of the MEMS. In one embodiment, the rate may be decreased to reduce the creation of fluid artifacts upon the substrate. Additional inputs—relative motion between the system and the substrate, the detection of a feature of interest upon the substrate—may result in the controller again altering the dispensing rate for purposes including maintaining the available status of the MEMS, or applying fluid upon or near the feature for a predefined purpose. Exemplary applications include masking, or otherwise altering the purpose of the feature, or applying an active ingredient of the fluid upon or near the feature and combinations thereof.
Exemplary fluids for use with the system include: cosmetics, polymerics, aqueous, non-aqueous, particle loaded, optical modifier, fillers, optical matchers, skin actives, nail actives, hair actives, oral care actives, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, surfactant or surfactant containing active, and combinations thereof. Exemplary surfaces and substrates for the application of the deposition system include: keratinous surfaces, woven surfaces, non-woven surfaces, porous surfaces, non-porous surfaces, wood, teeth, tongue, metallic, tile, fabric, and combinations thereof.
As shown in the FIGURE, a MEMS element 100, is coupled to a fluid reservoir 200. A sensor 300 is disposed adjacent to the reservoir and the MEMS element. A controller 400 is electrically coupled to the sensor 300 and the MEMS element 100.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

## Claims

1. A method for applying fluid on surfaces, comprising the steps of:
a. providing a deposition system;
b. discharging fluid from the deposition system at a first, non-zero rate;
c. detecting movement of the deposition system in proximity to a surface;
d. discharging fluid at a second rate while the deposition system is moving in proximity to the surface.

2. The method according to claim 1 further comprising steps of:
e. analyzing the surface;
f. detecting features upon the surface;
g. targeting the discharge of at least one fluid in association with a detected feature.

3. The method according to claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
h. detecting a surface proximal to the deposition system;
i. discharging fluid from the deposition system at a third, non-zero rate while proximal to the surface.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of: cosmetics, polymerics, aqueous, non-aqueous, particle loaded and combination thereof.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the surface is selected from the group consisting of: keratinous surfaces, woven surfaces, non-woven surfaces, porous surfaces, non-porous surfaces, and combinations thereof.

6. A deposition system comprising:
a. a MEMS element coupled to at least one fluid reservoir and adapted to dispense fluid at a plurality of non-zero rates;
b.at least one sensor;
c. a controller in communication with the MEMS element and at least one sensor and adapted to receive an output from the sensor and to alter the deposition rate of the MEMS element according to the sensor output, wherein the sensor output is associated with features of the surface.

7. The deposition system according to claim 6 wherein the sensor output is associated with movement relative to the surface.

8. The deposition system according to claim 6 wherein the controller may target the dispensing of the fluid according to sensor output associated with surface features.

9. A method for applying fluid on surfaces, comprising the steps of:
a. providing a deposition system;
b. removing a cap protecting a deposition system;
c. detecting movement of the deposition system in proximity to a surface;
discharging fluid at a second rate while the deposition system is moving in proximity to the surface.