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|  | (a) | Designed      such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure      controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to      ensure that material information relating to the registrant,      including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by      others within those entities, particularly during the period      in which this report is beingprepared; |
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|  | (b) | Evaluated      the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and      procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the      effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the      end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;      and |
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|  | (c) | Disclosed      in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over      financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent      fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of      an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably      likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over      financial reporting; and |
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|  | (a) | All      significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or      operation of internal control over financial reporting which are      reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to      record, process, summarize and report financial information;      and |
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|  | (b) | Any      fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other      employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal      control overfinancial reporting. |
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