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|   | (a)      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such      disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our      supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the      registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to      us by others within those entities, particularly during the period      in which this report is beingprepared; |
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|   | (b)      Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls      and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the      effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the      end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;      and |
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|   | (c)      Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal      control over financial reporting that occurred during the      registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth      fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially      affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the      registrant's internal control over financial reporting;      and |
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|   | (a)      All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or      operation of internal control over financial reporting which are      reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to      record, process, summarize and report financial information;      and |
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|   | (b)      Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other      employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal      control overfinancial reporting. |
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