T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3. NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

- A pp el l ee , v. T UY E T T HI - B AC H N GU YE N, D e f

e n d a n t - A p p e lla n t. N o. 09- 30353 D . C . N o. 2: 05 -c r- 00 27 0-R S L -3 ME MOR AN DU M *

A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe W e s t e rn D i s tr i c tof W a s hi ngt on R obe rtS . L a s ni k, C hi e f D i s tr i c tJ udge , P r e s i di ng A r gue d a nd S ubm i tt e d F e brua ry1, 2010

S e a tt l e , W a s hi ngt on B efo re: A L A R C Ó N , W . F L E T C H E R an d R A W L IN S O N , C i rcu i tJu d g es. A ppe l l a ntT uy e tN guy e n c ha l l e nge s he rbe l ow - G ui de l i ne s s e nt e nc e of 24 m on ths for I ntrodu ct i on i nt o Int er st at e C om m er ce of M i sbrand ed M edi ca l D evi ce s in v io lati o n o f 2 1 U .S .C . § § 3 3 1 (a ) a n d 3 3 3 (a ). N g u ye n ap p ea ls th e d istrict co u rt’s appl i ca t i on of three enhancem ent s i n cal cul at i ng her s ent ence : 1) a 16-l evel 

# FI LED FEB 12 2 010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

e nha nc e m e ntpur s ua ntt o U . S . S . G . § 2B 1. 1( b) ( 1) ( I ) f orthe t ot a l a m ountof

l os s of ove r$1 m i l l i on; 2) atw o- l e ve l e nha nc e m e ntpur s ua ntt o U . S . S . G . § 2B 1. 1( b) ( 4) f o rtr a f f ic k in g o f s to le n p r o p e rty ; a n d , 3 ) atw o - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t p u r s u a n t to U .S .S .G . § 3 B 1 .1 ( c ) b a s e d o n h e rle a d e r s h ip r o le in th e c r im e s . I T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt d idn o t e rrin ap p ly in g a1 6 - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t p u r s u a n t to U . S . S . G . § 2 B 1. 1(b)(1)(I ) f or an am ou ntof l oss of over $1 m i l l i on . T he di stri ct c ourtpr ope r l yf

ound tha tthe r e ve r s e d c onvi c t i ons w e r e r e l e va ntt o the m i s l abe l i ng c r im e s a n d w e r e p r o v e d b yap r e p o n d e r a n c e o f th e e v id e n c e . See U

ni ted States v. Cr u z - G r a m a

jo , 5 7 0 F .3 d 1 1 6 2 , 1 1 7 1 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 9 ) ( “T h e p r o v is io n s o f § 1 B 1 .3 a r e w r i tt e n br oa dl yt o pr ovi de s e nt e nc i ng j udge s m a xi m um di s c r e t i on, a l l ow i ng fl exi bi l i ty i n thei r app l i ca t i on t o a vari ety of c ri m es and ci rc um st ance s. ”) . II T h e d istrict co u rt d idn o t errin ad d in g a tw o -lev el en h an ce m en t t o N g u ye n ’s s e nt e nc e pur s ua ntt o U . S . S . G . § 1B 1. 3 a nd U . S . S . G . § 2B 1. 1( b) ( 4) f ortr a f f i c ki ng o f st o l en p ro p erty. In ap p l yi n g th e ad j u stm en t s u n d er th e S en t en ci n g G u i d el i n es, the di stri ctcourtcan con si der c on du cti nv ol ved i n the re vers ed conv i ct i on s thathas been prov ed by a prepond er ance of the evi dence. U ni te d State s v . N

e w land , 116 F .3 d 4 0 0 , 4 0 5 n .3 ( 9 th C ir . 1 9 9 7 ) .3

E ve n though r e c e i ptof

s t ol e n pr ope rtyw a s nota n e l e m e ntof the c r i m e s of c onvi c t i on, the di s tr i c tc ourtdi d note rri n appl y i ng the e nha nc e m e ntbe c aus e the r e ve r s e d the f

ta nd c ons pi r a c yc r i m e s w e r e r e l e va ntt o the c r i m e s of c onvi c t i on u n d e rU .S .S .G . § 1 B 1 .3 a n d w e r e p r o v e d b yap r e p o n d e r a n c e o f th e e v id e n c e . See Cr u z - G r a m a

jo , 5 7 0 F . 3 d at1 1 7 0 (“ T h e p u rp o se o f § 1 B 1 . 3 o f th e G u i d el i n es, R elev an t C o n d u ct, i s to ‘cap tu re th e r ea l o ff en se b eh av io r’ in v o lv ed in d ef en d an t’ s cond uct . ”) (i nt ernal ci t at i on om i tt ed). II I T h e d is tr ic t c o u rt d idn o t c le a r lye rrin ap p ly in g atw o - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t to N g u y e n ’s s e n te n c e p u r s u a n t to U .S .S .G . § 3 B .1 .1 ( c ) b a s e d o n h e rle a d e r s h ip r o le in the c r i m e s . N guy e n ha s f a i l e d t o de m ons tr a t e tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourt ’ s appl i c a t i on of the tw o-l evel l ea ders hi p enh ance m entw as cl earl y e rr on eous. A s s uch, the di stri ct c o u rt’s tw o - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t w a s w a rr a n te d u n d e rU .S .S .G . § 3 B 1 .1 ( c ) . A F F I R M E D .