# Patent

## Title
Machine for bonding films made of different materials in several layers, and the corresponding method

## Abstract

A machine for bonding layers in a film includes first pay-off unit to unwind a first layer of the film, a second pay-off unit to unwind a second layer of the film, a third pay-off unit to unwind a third layer of the film, a bonding zone to join the various layers of film together, and a winding unit including a reel onto which the bonded film is wound, the bonding zone including at least one bonding unit, the pressing roller being fitted with at least an hydraulic actuator which brings it in contact with the layers of film on the bonding calender, the presser roller and the hydraulic actuator being mounted on a nip rotating around the axis of the bonding calendar so as to vary the position of the point of contact between the presser roller and the calender and hence to vary the breadth of the contact arc, along the surface of the calender, in which the layers are overlapped.

## Background
This invention relates to a machine designed to bond a number of layers of film made of different materials, using solventless adhesive, to obtain a single film consisting of a series of layers which generally have different characteristics, such as plastics, paper or aluminium.
In particular, the machine according to the invention is configured to bond two or three layers of film to one another. The latter option can be performed in two ways.
The first involves simultaneously bonding three layers of film, paid out from three different reels, in the same bonding device; in most cases, this is the solution that maximises the performance of the machine. The second procedure, which is necessary for some types of material, involves bonding the first two layers to one another in the first part of the machine, and subsequently bonding them to a third layer in a second bonding device.
Specifically, the machine comprises three pay-out units that feed the layers of film, two of which are associated with spreader/applicator units. Each unit includes an adhesive tank and means for picking up said adhesive and transferring it in a thin layer to an applicator roller which moves in contact with the drum.
The various layers of film are conveyed to a bonding zone, where the two bonding devices and the finished product rereeler are installed.
The machine according to the invention is highly advantageous, because as well as bonding different films it is very compact, being far smaller than conventional systems which, in order to bond several layers, require the same number of bonding machines as the number of layers, connected in series.
Bonding machines of this type, which bond two films while they advance, possibly at high speed, using a solventless adhesive, are already available on the market, such as the one described in European patent no. 0324892 filed by the present applicant.
These machines usually comprise a pay-out unit that pays out a film from a reel, associated with a spreader/applicator unit that spreads a small amount of adhesive (1-2 g/m2) onto the surface of the film as it advances, and a second pay-out unit that pays out from a second reel film destined to be bonded to the preceding film in a bonding unit, which also contains a rereeler onto which the film obtained is wound.
Bonded materials consisting of several layers of film are used in a number of industries. For example, in the packing and food industries, films are required which may comprise a layer of material suitable to come into contact with foodstuffs, a second layer that is impermeable to liquids or gases, a third layer that provides sufficient strength, and other layers which may consist, for example, of printable material, heat-sealable material and the like.
A series of in-line bonding machines are normally used to manufacture these films; two films are bonded in a first machine and then conveyed to the second machine, in which they are bonded to a third film.
This solution is obviously not only cumbersome, but also extremely expensive in terms of both the initial investment and the maintenance and running costs, especially as each of these machines can be up to 10-15 meters long and require several thousand Kw to run.
The present invention, which falls into this sector, relates to a machine designed to bond up to three films simultaneously, which is very compact and absorbs much less energy than conventional systems.
In particular, according to the invention there are two methods of bonding a 3-ply film, depending on the materials used.
The first method involves simultaneous bonding of three films, two of which are spread with a layer of adhesive by spreader/applicator units in a single bonding unit.
The second method involves bonding two films in a first bonding unit and subsequently bonding them to the third film in a second bonding unit; in this way different forces, and consequently pressures, can be applied to the two bonding units depending on the materials used, in order to obtain the best results for the finished product.



These and other characteristics will appear more clearly from the detailed description set out below, provided by way of example but not of limitation, by reference to the annexed figures wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side view of the layout of the machine, configured for bonding three films by the first method according to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the bonding zone.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a spreader/applicator unit.
FIG. 4 is a side view of the layout of the machine, configured for bonding three films by the second method according to the invention.
FIG. 5 is a side view of the layout of the machine, configured for bonding two films.



As shown in FIG. 1, the machine according to the invention comprises a bonding zone 1, two pay-out units 2 and 3 associated with 2 spreader/applicator units 4 and 5, and a third pay-out unit 6.
Pay-out unit 2 comprises a support 7 for a reel 8 that pays out film layer S1, which passes through spreader/applicator unit 4 and is then bonded in bonding zone 1.
As shown in FIG. 3, said spreader/applicator unit comprises a pair of rollers 9 and 10 in contact with one another. A seating formed between said units constitutes the tank that contains the adhesive to be spread on the films.
The mutual position of rollers 9 and 10 is adjustable with devices of known type, so as to leave a space of adjustable thickness, namely a few tenths of a millimeter, between the two rollers, so that when at least one of said rollers is rotated it takes up a thin layer of adhesive, the thickness of which depends on the distance between the rollers. Said adhesive is then transferred to a third or intermediate roller 11, which rotates around its axis at a speed greater than that of roller 10.
The thickness of the layer of adhesive transferred to roller 11 is thus reduced.
Downstream of intermediate roller 11 there is a third roller or applicator roller 12 driven by a motor, not shown in the figure, which causes it to rotate at a speed greater than that of roller 11, so that the layer of adhesive previously transferred from roller 10 to roller 11 is transferred to roller 12, further reducing its thickness.
A small portion of film S1, inserted between applicator roller 12 and a presser roller 13, comes into contact with said applicator roller 12, so that a layer of adhesive a few microns thick is transferred onto said film. Said spreader unit, which is already known in itself, substantially corresponds to the spreader unit described in the above-mentioned European patent 0324892.
Pay-out unit 3 also has a support 14 for a reel 15 which pays out a layer of film S2 destined to be bonded subsequently in bonding zone 1, and is associated with a spreader/applicator unit 5 identical to unit 4 described above.
The third pay-out unit 6 is equipped with a support 36 for a reel 37 which feeds a layer of film S3; unlike the other two pay-out rollers, in this case there is no spreader/applicator unit, because bonding is effected by the is layer of adhesive deposited on the other two films.
Reels of aluminium foil are generally placed on pay-out roller 6; as this material is thin and not elastic it is rather fragile, and consequently tears easily. Moreover, especially in the case of routes in which it passes over a plurality of transmission rollers, it is liable to form creases which are impossible to eliminate, and remain visible in the final bonded film.
Bonding zone 1 has two bonding units 16 and 17.
Unit 16 is constituted by a heated bonding calender 18, mounted on abutments 40 of the machine and in contact with a presser roller 19, driven by a motor not shown in the figure, and counter-rotating with said calender.
Roller 19 is mounted on a support 20 which, in turn, is hinged to a rotating nip 31, whose axis of rotation coincides with that of calender 18. A second support 21 for a second roller 22, which is in contact with roller 19 and counter-rotates with it, is also hinged to calender 18.
The rod of a hydraulic actuator 23 is fixed to the end of support 21. The pressure exerted by roller 21 on roller 19 can be regulated via said actuator, and the pressure exerted on bonding calender 18 can be indirectly regulated via roller 19.
The rotation of nip 31 allows the point of contact between calender 18 and presser roller 19 to be varied, determining the breadth of the contact arc of the various layers of film bonded on calender 18. More or less heating of the film may be required during bonding, depending on the materials used, said heating being regulated on the basis of the time for which the film comes into contact with the calender or the breadth of the contact arc with the calender.
The second bonding unit 17 is similar to the one just described, but is not fitted with a rotating nip.
Bonding calender 24, mounted on abutments 40 of the machine, is in contact with a counter-rotating presser roller 25 and mounted on a support 26 hinged to abutments 40.
A second roller 27, in contact with roller 25, is mounted on a second support 28, also hinged to abutments 40, to the end of which the rod of a hydraulic actuator 29, having the same function as actuator 23 described above, is connected.
Two cooling calenders 30, designed to cool the bonded film before it is wound onto drum 32 to form the finished product reel, are installed at the exit from the bonding units.
As this is a 3-ply film (ie. one consisting of three layers), and consequently fairly thick, the winding unit is equipped with a vertical presser 33 fitted with a roller 34 which is kept pressed against reel 35 to compact the bonded film as much as possible.
The pressure exerted by the presser roller can be regulated by adjusting the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in actuator 38 connected to roller 34. The device runs vertically to follow the increase in diameter of reel 35 as the bonded film is rereeled.
The operation of the machine according to the invention is described below, according to the different methods of use.
In FIG. 1, the machine according to the invention is configured to bond three films simultaneously in the same bonding unit.
Film S1 is paid out from reel 8 and conveyed to spreader/applicator unit 4 where, as it runs over presser roller 13, it comes into contact with applicator roller 12 which leaves a thin layer of adhesive on the upward-facing surface of the film.
Film S1 is then conveyed to bonding zone 1 via a series of idle rollers. Similarly, film S2 is paid out by reel 15 and sent to spreader/applicator unit 5, which deposits the layer of adhesive on the upward-facing surface.
Film S3, paid out by reel 37, passes over a pre-heating calender 39, which increases the film temperature to facilitate bonding, before reaching bonding zone 1.
The three films S1, S2 and S3, guided by a set of idle rollers, converge in zone 1 where they are wound onto heated calender 18 and caused to adhere to one another by the pressure exerted by roller 19, which presses film F1, now bonded, onto calender 18.
Bonded film F1 then passes over the two cooling calenders 30 and, once cooled, is wound onto drum 32 to form finished product reel 35. In this case the second bonding unit 17 is not used; film F1 runs over calender 24 but presser roller 25 is disengaged, and does not exert any pressure on film F1.
FIG. 2 shows the machine according to the invention, configured to bond so three layers in two different stages.
In particular the stage relating to the paying out of films S1, S2 and S3 and application of the layer of adhesive to films S1 and S2 is identical to the one described above.
Film S2, with the layer of adhesive on its upper surface, and film S3, are conveyed, via idle rollers, to the bonding zone, where they are wound onto calender 18, caused to adhere together and compacted by presser roller 19.
Film S1, after passing over guide roller 41, enters the second bonding unit, to which bonded films S2-S3 output from the first bonding unit are also conveyed; here, film S1, partly wound onto calender 24, and bonded films S2-S3, are caused to adhere together by the pressure of roller 25, driven by actuator 29. The final bonded film F2 is then cooled by calenders 30 and wound onto reel 35.
If only two layers of film need to be bonded (2-ply film), it is sufficient to eliminate one of the two reels that pay out the film spread with the layer of adhesive, ie. film S1 or S2.
An example of a configuration of the machine is shown in FIG. 5.
In this case film S2, with the layer of adhesive, and film S3, are paid out and then bonded in the first bonding unit by the same procedure as described above.
Alternatively, both reels which pay out the film with the layer of adhesive can be kept mounted and used alternately with the other film without adhesive, in this way it would be possible to manufacture two different types of 2-ply film without reconfiguring the machine, thus saving a considerable amount of time.
The machine according to the invention is highly innovative and flexible, because it enables different types of film, consisting of up to three layers, to be obtained with a compact machine that is easily adaptable to the different types of work to be performed.
An expert in the field could devise various modifications and variations, all of which should be deemed to fall within the ambit of this invention.

## Claims

1. Machine for bonding up to three layers in a film, which may be made of layers of different materials, comprising:
a first pay-off unit (2) designed to unwind a first layer of said film, said first pay-off unit comprising a first reel (8) associated with a spreader/applicator unit (4) to apply an adhesive material to one surface of said first layer;
a second pay-off unit (3) designed to unwind a second layer of said film, said second pay-off unit comprising a second reel (15) associated with a spreader/applicator unit (5) to apply an adhesive material to one surface of said second layer;
a third pay-off unit (6) designed to unwind a third layer of said film, said third pay-off unit comprising a third reel (37); and
a bonding zone (1) designed to join the various layers of film together; and
a winding unit comprising a reel (35) onto which the bonded film is wound,
said bonding zone (1) comprising at least one bonding unit (16, 17), said bonding unit being provided with a bonding calender (18, 24) onto which the various layers of film are wound overlapped around a contact arc, at least one presser roller (19, 25) which press the layers on the calender after said contact arc to complete the bonding, the position of said presser roller determining the breadth of said contact arc,
said pressing roller being fitted with at least an hydraulic actuator (23, 29) which brings it in contact with the layers of film on the bonding calender, and
said presser roller (19) and the hydraulic actuator (23) being mounted on a nip rotating around the axis of the bonding calender (18) so as to vary the position of the point of contact between the presser roller and the calender and hence to vary the breadth of the contact arc, along the surface of the calender, in which the layers are overlapped.

2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, said bonding zone comprises two bonding units (16, 17).

3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said bonding calender (18, 24) is a heated calender.

4. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said bonding zone comprises two cooling calenders (30), at the exit of said at least one bonding unit, designed to cool the bonded film before it is wound as the finished product onto a reel (35) in said winding unit.

5. Machine for bonding up to three layers in a film, which may be made of layers of different materials, comprising:
a first pay-off unit (2) designed to unwind a first layer of said film, said first pay-off unit comprising a first reel (8) associated with a spreader/applicator unit (4) to apply an adhesive material to one surface of said first layer;
a second pay-off unit (3) designed to unwind a second layer of said film, said second pay-off unit comprising a second reel (15) associated with a spreader/applicator unit (5) to apply an adhesive material to one surface of said second layer;
a third pay-off unit (6) designed to unwind a third layer of said film, said third pay-off unit comprising a third reel (37); and
a bonding zone (1) designed to join the various layers of film together; and
a winding unit comprising a reel (35) onto which the bonded film is wound,
said bonding zone (1) comprising at least one bonding unit (16, 17), said bonding unit being provided with a bonding calender (18, 24) onto which the various layers of film are wound overlapped around a contact arc, at least one presser roller (19, 25) which press the layers on the calender after said contact arc to complete the bonding, the position of said presser roller determining the breadth of said contact arc, and
said at least one bonding unit comprising a further roller (22, 27) which rotates in contact with said presser roller (19, 25), said further roller being subject to the action of the hydraulic actuators (23, 29) to bring said presser roller in contact with the layers of film on the bonding calender.

6. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said winding unit comprises presser means (33), subject to the action of hydraulic actuators (38), which compact the reel (35) during winding of the bonded film, thus considerably reducing the reel size.