J-S23019-23

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA

v.

ROBERT JOHN MCBREARTY 

Appellant

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 191 EDA 2023

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence Entered December 8, 2022,

in the Court of Common Pleas of Bucks County,

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-09-CR-0000837-2022.

BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., KUNSELMAN, J., and KING, J.

JUDGMENT ORDER BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED AUGUST 23, 2023

Robert John McBrearty appeals from the judgment of sentence imposing 

three days to six months’ incarceration after the trial court convicted him of 

driving under the influence (controlled substance, first offense) and related, 

traffic offenses.1 We affirm.

On September 22, 2021, at 1:45 a.m., Trooper Danielle Heimbach and 

her partner noticed McBrearty’s pickup truck parked at a Wawa’s gas station 

for 30 to 45 minutes. The officers eventually got behind him as he drove and 

saw McBrearty cross the double, yellow line three times. They initiated a 

traffic stop, and he failed several field sobriety tests. 

Trooper Heimbach had her canine sniff the air around the pickup, and 

the dog alerted her to the presence of illicit drugs. She secured a search 

warrant for the vehicle, executed it, and discovered narcotics. The state police 

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1 See 75 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3309, 3714, 3802(d)(2), and 4306(a).
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arrested McBrearty for DUI and other charges. He filed a motion to suppress

the evidence they had seized during the stop.

At the hearing on his motion to suppress, Mr. McBrearty raised two 

issues: (1) whether the traffic stop was constitutionally sound and (2) 

whether Trooper Heimbach had reasonable suspicion to have her dog sniff his 

truck. See N.T., 8/11/22, at 4-5. The transcript does not reflect that defense 

counsel argued that probable cause was lacking to stop the vehicle.2

The suppression court ruled Trooper Heimbach met the lesser standard 

of reasonable suspicion to stop McBrearty. See Trial Court Opinion, 2/15/23, 

at 6. Furthermore, while the court agreed the dog sniff was unconstitutional, 

it ruled the contraband discovered in McBrearty’s truck passed constitutional 

muster, because the troopers would have inevitably discovered it through an

inventory search. See id. at 7-8. Thus, the court denied suppression.

The matter proceeded to a bench trial, and the trial court convicted and 

sentenced McBrearty as described above. This timely appeal followed.

He raises two appellate issues:

1. Did the [suppression] court err in denying [the] 

motion to suppress, where the initial traffic stop was 

not supported by probable cause?

2. Did the [suppression] court err in denying [the] 

motion to suppress, where the continued detention of 

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2 As the Commonwealth notes in its Brief, the transcript of the suppression 

hearing does not include the attorney’s oral argument to the court. See

Commonwealth’s Brief at 14, n.2; see also N.T., 8/11/22, at 94.
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[McBrearty] was not supported by reasonable 

suspicion of criminal activity?

McBrearty’s Brief at 7 (emphasis added).

The Commonwealth argues McBrearty waived both issues, because he 

did not litigate either in the suppression court. See Commonwealth’s Brief at 

12-16, 26-29. We agree.

“The issue of waiver presents a question of law, and, as such, our 

standard of review is de novo, and our scope of review is plenary.” Trigg v. 

Children's Hosp. of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 229 A.3d 260, 269 (Pa. 2020). 

“[I]ssues not raised in lower courts are waived . . . they cannot be raised for 

the first time on appeal.” Id. (citing Pa.R.A.P. 302(a)).

Nothing in the record indicates that McBrearty raised or litigated either 

appellate issue before the suppression court; the court only addressed the 

issue of whether Trooper Heimbach had reasonable suspicion for the actions 

she took during the traffic stop. Thus, our review of the record reveals that 

McBrearty did not litigate the issues he now raises on appeal. He raises them 

for the first time on appeal, and, as such, he did not properly preserve them 

for appellate review.3

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3 Moreover, because the suppression court ruled that there was reasonable 

suspicion to stop McBrearty’s truck, his first appellate issue regarding probable 

cause is moot, even had he preserved it. “[P]robable cause [is] a higher legal 

standard than reasonable suspicion . . . .” Commonwealth v. Dunlap, 941 

A.2d 671, 679 (Pa. 2007), disapproved of on other grounds by

Commonwealth v. Thompson, 985 A.2d 928 (Pa. 2009). Thus, whether 

the trooper met the higher standard of probable cause is irrelevant for 

(Footnote Continued Next Page)
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We dismiss both of McBrearty’s appellate issues as waived.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 8/23/2023

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purposes of this appeal, because the reasonable-suspicion determination 

would remain undisturbed, even if we agreed that probable cause to stop the 

truck was absent. Notably, McBrearty does not claim that the suppression 

court’s decision to apply the reasonable-suspicion test, rather than the higher 

test for probable case, was erroneous.