Mention of company or product names

 is not to be considered as an endorsement

 by the Environmental Protection Agency.

ii
Table of Contents

§ XX.3000 Definitions ................. 1

§ XX.3001 Applicability ................ 16

§ XX.3002 Compliance Certification, Recordkeeping, and

Reporting Requirements for Coating Sources . 18

§ XX.3003 Compliance Certification, Recordkeeping, and

Reporting Requirements for Non-Coating

Sources .................. 32

§ XX.3004 General Recordkeeping ............ 37

§ XX.3005 Circumvention ................ 38

§ XX.3006 Handling, Storage, and Disposal of Volatile

Organic Compounds (VOC's) ......... 39

§ XX.3007 Compliance Dates ............... 41

§§ XX.3008-XX.3010 RESERVED

§ XX.3011 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Coating

Operations ................. 42

§ XX.3012 Can Coating ................. 57

§ XX.3013 Coil Coating ................. 64

§ XX.3014 Paper Coating ................ 69

§ XX.3015 Fabric Coating ................ 74

§ XX.3016 Vinyl Coating ................ 79

§ XX.3017 Coating of Metal Furniture .......... 84

§ XX.3018 Coating of Large Appliances ......... 89

§ XX.3019 Coating of Magnet Wire ............ 94

§ XX.3020 Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts ..... 99

§ XX.3021 Coating of Flat Wood Paneling ....... 107

§ XX.3022 Bulk Gasoline Plants ............ 122

§ XX.3023 Bulk Gasoline Terminals .......... 127

§ XX.3024 Gasoline Dispensing Facility--Stage I Vapor

Recovery ................. 137

§ XX.3025 Gasoline Tank Trucks ............ 141

§ XX.3026 Petroleum Refinery Sources ......... 145

iii
§ XX.3027 Leaks from Petroleum Refinery Equipment .. 149

§ XX.3028 Petroleum Liquid Storage in External Floating

Roof Tanks ................ 161

§ XX.3029 Petroleum Liquid Storage in Fixed Roof Tanks 167

§ XX.3030 Leaks from Natural Gas/Gasoline Processing

Equipment ................ 171

§ XX.3031 Solvent Metal Cleaning ........... 186

§ XX.3032 Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt ....... 197

§ XX.3033 Manufacture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical

Products ................. 200

§ XX.3034 Pneumatic Rubber Tire Manufacturing .... 207

§ XX.3035 Graphic Arts Systems ............ 225

§ XX.3036 Petroleum Solvent Dry Cleaners ....... 245

§ XX.3037 Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning ....... 254

§ XX.3038 Leaks from Synthetic Organic Chemical, Polymer,

and Resin Manufacturing Equipment .... 267

§ XX.3039 Manufacture of High-Density

Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and

Polystyrene Resins ............ 279

§ XX.3040 Air Oxidation Processes in the Synthetic

Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry . 297

§ XX.3041 Other Facilities that Emit Volatile Organic

Compound (VOC) .............. 322

§§ XX.3042-3079 RESERVED

§ XX.3080 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures:

General Provisions ............ 327

§ XX.3081 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures:

Determining the Volatile Organic Compound

(VOC) Content of Coatings and Inks .... 331

§ XX.3082 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures:

Alternative Compliance Methods for Surface

Coating ................. 335

iv
§ XX.3083 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: 

Emission Capture and Destruction or 

Removal Efficiency and Monitoring 

Requirements ............... 340 

§ XX.3084 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: 

Determining the Destruction or Removal 

Efficiency of a Control Device ...... 350 

§ XX.3085 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: 

Leak Detection Methods For Volatile Organic 

Compounds (VOC's) ............ 353 

§ XX.3086 Performance Specifications for Continuous 

Emissions Monitoring of Total Hydrocarbons 356 

§ XX.3087 Quality Control Procedures for Continuous 

Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) .... 368 

§§ XX.3088-3099 RESERVED 

Appendix A: Method to Determine Length of Rolling Period for 

Liquid-Liquid Material Balance Method [TO BE ADDED]

v
-1­

§ XX.3000 Definitions.

For the purpose of this subpart, the following

definitions apply:

(a) "Actual emissions" means the quantity VOC's

emitted from a source during a particular time period.

(b) "Ambient air" means that portion of the

atmosphere, external to buildings, to which the general

public has access.

(c) "As applied" means including any dilution solvents

added before application of the coating.

(d) "Bulk gasoline plant" means a gasoline storage and

distribution facility with an average daily throughput of

76,000 liters (L) (20,000 gallons [gal]) of gasoline or less

on a 30-day rolling average. 

(e) "Bulk gasoline terminal" means a gasoline storage

facility that receives gasoline from refineries, delivers

gasoline to bulk gasoline plants or to commercial or retail

accounts, and has a daily throughput of more than 76,000 L

(20,000 gal) of gasoline on a 30-day rolling average.

(f) "Capture efficiency" means the weight per unit

time of VOC entering a capture system and delivered to a

control device divided by the weight per unit time of total

VOC generated by a source of VOC, expressed as a percentage. 

(g) "Capture system" means all equipment (including,

but not limited to, hoods, ducts, fans, booths, ovens,
-2­

dryers, etc.) that contains, collects, and transports an air

pollutant to a control device.

(h) "Carbon adsorber" means an add-on control device

that uses activated carbon to adsorb VOC's from a gas

stream.

(i) "Carbon adsorption system" means a carbon adsorber

with an inlet and outlet for exhaust gases and a system to

regenerate the saturated adsorbent. 

(j) "Coating" means a material applied onto or

impregnated into a substrate for protective, decorative, or

functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not

limited to, paints, varnishes, sealants, adhesives, inks,

maskants, and temporary protective coatings.

(k) "Coating unit" means a series of one or more

coating applicators and any associated drying area and/or

oven wherein a coating is applied, dried, and/or cured. A

coating unit ends at the point where the coating is dried or

cured, or prior to any subsequent application of a different

coating. It is not necessary to have an oven or a flashoff

area in order to be included in this definition.

(l) "Condensate" means VOC liquid, separated from

natural gas, that condenses due to changes in temperature

and/or pressure and remains liquid at standard conditions.

(m) "Condenser" means any heat transfer device used to

liquify vapors by removing their latent heats of
-3­

vaporization. Such devices include, but are not limited to,

shell and tube, coil, surface, or contact condensers.

(n) "Construction" means on-site fabrication,

erection, or installation of a source, air pollution control

or monitoring equipment, or a facility.

(o) "Continuous vapor control system" means a vapor

control system that treats vapors displaced from tanks

during filling on a demand basis without intermediate

accumulation.

(p) "Control device" means equipment (such as an

incinerator or carbon adsorber) used to reduce, by

destruction or removal, the amount of air pollutant(s) in an

air stream prior to discharge to the ambient air. 

(q) "Control system" means a combination of one or

more capture system(s) and control device(s) working in

concert to reduce discharges of pollutants to the ambient

air.

(r) "Crude oil" means a naturally occurring mixture

that consists of hydrocarbons and/or sulfur, nitrogen,

and/or oxygen derivatives of hydrocarbons and that is liquid

at standard conditions.

(s) "Day" means a period of 24 consecutive hours

beginning at midnight local time, or beginning at a time

consistent with a facility's operating schedule.

(t) "Destruction or removal efficiency" means the

amount of VOC destroyed or removed by a control device
-4­

expressed as a percent of the total amount of VOC entering

the device.

(u) "Double block-and-bleed system" means two block

valves connected in series with a bleed valve or line that

can vent the line between the two block valves.

(v) "Emission" means the release or discharge, whether

directly or indirectly, of VOC into the ambient air.

(w) "Exempt compounds" means any of the following

compounds: methane; ethane; methyl chloroform

(1,1,1-trichloroethane); CFC-113 (trichlorotrifluoroethane);

methylene chloride; CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane); CFC-12

(dichlorodifluoromethane); CFC-22 (chlorodifluoromethane);

FC-23 (trifluoromethane); CFC-114 (dichlorotetrafluoroethane); CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane);

HCFC-123 (dichlorotrifluoroethane); HFC-134a

(tetrafluoroethane); HCFC-141b (dichlorofluoroethane); and

HCFC-142b (chlorodifluoroethane); 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-

tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124); pentafluoroethane (HFC-125);

1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane

(HFC-143a); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); and

perfluorocarbon compounds which fall into these classes--

(1) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely

fluorinated alkanes,

(2) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely

fluorinated ethers with no unsaturations,
-5-

(3) Cyclic, branched, or linear, completely

fluorinated tertiary amines with no unsaturations, and

(4) Sulfur-containing perfluorocarbons with no

unsaturations and with sulfur bonds only to carbon and

fluorine.

(x) "External floating roof" means a cover over an

open-top storage tank consisting of a double deck or pontoon

single deck that rests upon and is supported by the volatile

organic liquid being contained and is equipped with a

closure seal or seals to close the space between the roof

edge and tank shell. 

(y) "Facility" means all of the pollutant-emitting

activities that are located on one or more contiguous or

adjacent properties and are under the control of the same

person (or person under common control).

(z) "First attempt at repair" means to take rapid

action for the purpose of stopping or reducing leakage of

organic material to the atmosphere using best practices.

(aa) "Flashoff area" means the space between the

coating application area and the oven.

(bb) "Gasoline" means any petroleum distillate or

petroleum distillate/alcohol blend having a Reid vapor

pressure of 27.6 kiloPascals (kPa) (8.15 inches of mercury

[in. Hg]) or greater that is used as a fuel for internal

combustion engines. 
-6-

(cc) "Gasoline dispensing facility" means any site

where gasoline is transferred from a stationary storage tank

to a motor vehicle gasoline tank used to provide fuel to the

engine of that motor vehicle.

(dd) "Gasoline tank truck" means a delivery tank truck

used at bulk gasoline plants, bulk gasoline terminals, or

gasoline dispensing facilities that is loading or unloading

gasoline or that has loaded or unloaded gasoline on the

immediately previous load.

(ee) "Heavy-duty truck" means any motor vehicle rated

at greater than 3,864 kg (8,500 lb) gross weight designed

primarily to transport property. 

(ff) "Incinerator" means a combustion apparatus in

which solid, semisolid, liquid, or gaseous combustible

wastes are ignited and burned and from which the solid and

gaseous residues contain little or no combustible material.

(gg) "Intermittent vapor control system" means a vapor

control system that employs an intermediate vapor holder to

accumulate vapors displaced from tanks during filling. The

control device treats the accumulated vapors only during

automatically controlled cycles.

(hh) "Knife coating" means the application of a

coating material to a substrate by means of drawing the

substrate beneath a knife that spreads the coating evenly

over the full width of the substrate.
-7-

(ii) "Leak" means a VOC emission indicated by an

instrument calibrated according to Method 21 using zero air

(less than 10 parts per million [ppm] of hydrocarbon in air)

and a mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a

concentration of about, but less than, 10,000 ppm methane or

n-hexane.

(jj) "Lease custody transfer" means the transfer of

produced crude oil or condensate, after processing and/or

treating in the producing operations, from storage tanks or

automatic transfer facilities to pipelines or any other

forms of transportation.

(kk) "Loading rack" means an aggregation or

combination of gasoline loading equipment arranged so that

all loading outlets in the combination can be connected to a

tank truck or trailer parked in a specified loading space.

(ll) "Lower explosive limit" (LEL) means the

concentration of a compound in air below which a flame will

not propagate if the mixture is ignited. 

(mm) "Maximum theoretical emissions" means the

quantity of VOC that theoretically could be emitted by a

source without control devices based on the design capacity

or maximum production capacity of the source and 8,760 hours

of operation per year. The design capacity or maximum

production capacity includes use of coatings and inks with

the highest VOC content used in practice by the source for
-8­

the 2 years preceding {insert date of promulgation in the

FEDERAL REGISTER}. 

(nn) "Maximum true vapor pressure" means the

equilibrium partial pressure exerted by a stored liquid at

the temperature equal to: (1) for liquids stored above or

below the ambient temperature, the highest calendar-month

average of the liquid storage temperature, or (2) for

liquids stored at the ambient temperature, the local maximum

monthly average temperature as reported by the National

Weather Service. This pressure shall be determined by one

of the following:

(1) In accordance with methods described in American

Petroleum Institute Bulletin 2517, "Evaporation Loss From

External Floating Roof Tanks." 

(2) By using standard reference texts. 

(3) By ASTM D2879-83. 

(4) By any other method approved by the Administrator 

as part of a State implementation plan (SIP) or Federal

implementation plan (FIP) revision.

(oo) "Multicomponent coating" means a coating which is

packaged in two or more parts, which parts are combined

before application, and where a coreactant from one part of

the coating chemically reacts, at ambient conditions, with a

coreactant from another part of the coating.

(pp) "Open-ended valve or line" means any valve,

except safety relief valves, having one side of the valve
-9­

seat in contact with process fluid and one side open to the

atmosphere, either directly or through open piping.

(qq) "Organic compound" means a chemical compound of

carbon excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic

acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium

carbonate.

(rr) "Oven" means a chamber which is used to bake,

cure, polymerize, and/or dry a coating.

(ss) "Overall emission reduction efficiency" means the

weight per unit time of VOC removed or destroyed by a

control device divided by the weight per unit time of VOC

generated by a source, expressed as a percentage. The

overall emission reduction efficiency can also be calculated

as the product of the capture efficiency and the control

device destruction or removal efficiency.

(tt) "Person" means any individual, partnership,

copartnership, firm, company, corporation, association,

joint stock company, trust, estate, political subdivision,

or any other legal entity, or their legal representative,

agent, or assigns.

(uu) "Petroleum" means crude oil and the oils derived

from tar sands, shale, and coal.

(vv) "Petroleum liquid" means crude oil, condensate,

and any finished or intermediate product manufactured or

extracted at a petroleum refinery, but not including Nos. 2

through 6 fuel oils as specified in ASTM D396-78; gas
-10­

turbine fuel oils Nos. 2-GT through 4-GT as specified in

ASTM D2880-78; or diesel fuel oils Nos. 2-d and 4-D, as

specified in ASTM D975-78.

(ww) "Petroleum refinery" means any facility engaged

in producing gasoline, kerosene, distillate fuel oils,

residual fuel oils, lubricants, or other products through

distillation of petroleum or through the redistillation,

cracking, or reforming of unfinished petroleum derivatives.

(xx) "Plastisol" means a coating made of a mixture of

finely divided resin and a plasticizer. Plastisol is

applied as a thick gel that solidifies when heated.

(yy) "Pressure release" means the emission of

materials resulting from system pressure being greater than

set pressure of the pressure relief device.

(zz) "Prime coat" means the first of two or more

coatings applied to a surface.

(aaa) "Process unit shutdown" means a work practice or

operational procedure that stops production from a process

unit or part of a process unit. An unscheduled work

practice or operational procedure that stops production from

a process unit or part of a process unit for less than 24

hours is not a process unit shutdown. The use of spare

equipment and technically feasible bypassing of equipment

without stopping production are not process unit shutdowns.

 (bbb) "Reid vapor pressure" means the absolute vapor

pressure of volatile crude oil and volatile nonviscous
-11­

petroleum liquids, except liquified petroleum gases, as

determined by ASTM D323-89.

(ccc) "Repaired" means that equipment is adjusted, or

otherwise altered, in order to eliminate a leak as indicated

by one of the following: an instrument reading of 10,000

ppm or greater, indication of liquids dripping, or

indication by a sensor that a seal or barrier fluid system

has failed.

(ddd) "Roll coating" means the application of a

coating material to a moving substrate by means of hard

rubber, elastomeric, or metal rolls.

(eee) "Rotogravure coating" means the application of a

coating material to a substrate by means of a roll coating

technique in which the pattern to be applied is recessed

relative to the non-image area, and the coating material is

picked up in these recessed areas and is transferred to the

substrate.

(fff) "Shutdown" means the cessation of operation of a

facility or of its emission control or emission monitoring

equipment.

(ggg) "Solvent" means a substance that is liquid at

standard conditions and is used to dissolve or dilute

another substance; this term includes, but is not limited

to, organic materials used as dissolvers, viscosity

reducers, degreasing agents, or cleaning agents.
-12-

(hhh) "Source" means any building, structure,

equipment, or installation that directly or indirectly

releases or discharges, or has the potential to release or

discharge, VOC's into the ambient air.

(iii) "Standard conditions" means a temperature of

20°C (68°F) and pressure of 760 mm Hg (29.92 in. Hg).

(jjj) "Startup" means the setting in operation of a

source or of its emission control or emission monitoring

equipment.

(kkk) "Submerged fill" means the method of filling a

delivery vessel or storage vessel where product enters

within 150 millimeters (mm) (5.9 inches [in.]) of the bottom

of the delivery or storage vessel. Bottom filling of

delivery and storage vessels is included in this definition.

(lll) "Substrate" means the surface onto which a

coating is applied or into which a coating is impregnated.

(mmm) "True vapor pressure" means the equilibrium

partial pressure exerted by a volatile organic liquid as

determined in accordance with methods described in American

Petroleum Institute Bulletin 2517, "Evaporation Loss From

Floating Roof Tanks," second edition, February 1980.

(nnn) "Vapor balance system" means a closed system

that allows the transfer or balancing of vapors, displaced

during the loading or unloading of gasoline, from the tank

being loaded to the tank being unloaded.
-13-

(ooo) "Vapor collection system" means all piping,

seals, hoses, connections, pressure-vacuum vents, and other

equipment between the gasoline tank truck and the vapor

processing unit and/or the storage tanks and vapor holder. 

(ppp) "Vapor control system" means a system that

limits or prevents release to the atmosphere of organic

compounds in the vapors displaced from a tank during the

transfer of gasoline.

(qqq) "Vapor recovery system" means a vapor-gathering

system capable of collecting VOC vapors and gases emitted

during the operation of any transfer, storage, or process

equipment.

(rrr) "Vapor-tight" means equipment that allows no

loss of vapors. Compliance with vapor-tight requirements

can be determined by checking to ensure that the

concentration at a potential leak source is not equal to or

greater than 100 percent of the LEL when measured with a

combustible gas detector, calibrated with propane, at a

distance of 2.54 centimeters (cm) (1 in.) from the source.

(sss) "Vapor-tight gasoline tank truck" means a

gasoline tank truck that has demonstrated within the

12 preceding months that its product delivery tank will

sustain a pressure change of not more than 75 mm (3.0 in.)

of water within 5 minutes (min) after it is pressurized to

450 mm (18 in.) of water; or when evacuated to 150 mm (5.9

in.) of water, the same tank will sustain a pressure change
-14­

of not more than 75 mm (3.0 in.) of water within 5 min. 

This capability is to be demonstrated using the test

procedures specified in Method 27 of Appendix A of 40 CFR

Part 60.

(ttt) "Volatile organic compound" (VOC) means any

organic compound that participates in atmospheric

photochemical reactions. This includes any organic compound

other than those defined as exempt compounds. These exempt

compounds have been determined to have negligible

photochemical reactivity. For purposes of determining

compliance with emission limits, VOC will be measured by the

test methods in the approved State implementation plan (SIP)

or Federal implementation plan (FIP). Where such a method

also measures compounds with negligible photochemical

reactivity, an owner or operator may exclude these

negligibly reactive compounds when determining compliance

with an emission standard. However, the Administrator or

State may require such owner or operator, as a precondition

to excluding these compounds for purposes of determining

compliance, to provide monitoring methods and monitoring

results demonstrating, to the satisfaction of the

Administrator or the State, the amount of negligibly

reactive compounds in the source's emissions. In addition

to the procedures for requesting a satisfactory compliance

demonstration, where a State proposes to allow the use of a

test method for excluding negligibly reactive compounds that
-15­

is different from or not specified in the approved SIP or

FIP, such change shall be submitted to the Administrator for

approval as part of a SIP or FIP revision.

(uuu) "Web coating line" means all of the coating

applicator(s), drying area(s), or oven(s), located between

an unwind station and a rewind station, that are used to

apply coating onto a continuous strip of substrate (the

web). A web coating line need not have a drying oven.
-16­

§ XX.3001 Applicability.

(a) All new and modified sources shall meet any

applicable State or Federal rules for existing sources.

(b) Nothing in this subpart shall be construed to

exempt new and modified sources from meeting any other

applicable State or Federal rules, including new source

review requirements.

(c) This subpart does not apply to any equipment at a

facility used exclusively for chemical or physical analysis

or determination of product quality and commercial

acceptance provided the operation of the equipment is not an

integral part of the production process and the total actual

emissions from all such equipment at the facility do not

exceed 204 kilograms (kg) (450 pounds [lb]) in any calendar

month.

(d)(1) Any facility that becomes or is currently

subject to the provisions of this subpart by exceeding an

applicability threshold will remain subject to these

provisions, even if its throughput or emissions later fall

below the applicability threshold.

(2) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.
-17-

(e) Any facility that claims exemption from the

provisions of this subpart by reason of meeting the

conditions in paragraph (c) of this section shall maintain

the following records in a readily accessible location for

at least 5 years and shall make those records available to

the Administrator upon verbal or written request:

(1) Records to document the purpose of the equipment

for which the exemption is claimed.

(2) Records to document the amount of each volatile

organic compound (VOC)-containing material used in the

equipment each calendar month and the VOC content of each

material such that emissions can be determined for each

calendar month.
-18­

§ XX.3002 Compliance Certification, Recordkeeping, and

Reporting Requirements for Coating Sources.

(a) To establish the records required under this

section, the volatile organic compound (VOC) content of each

coating, as applied, and the efficiency of each capture

system and control device shall be determined by the

applicable test methods and procedures specified in

§ XX.3081 and § XX.3083 of this subpart.

(b) Requirements for coating sources exempt from

emission limitations. Any owner or operator of a coating

unit, line, or operation that is exempt from the emission

limitations of §§ XX.3011 through XX.3020 of this subpart

because combined VOC emissions from all coating units,

lines, and operations at the facility are below the

applicability threshold specified in the individual sections

of this subpart, before the application of capture systems

and control devices, shall comply with the following for

each section of this subpart from which the owner or

operator claims an exemption:

(1) Certification. By {insert date 1 year from

promulgation of final rule}, the owner or operator of a

facility referenced in paragraph (b) of this section shall

certify to the Administrator that the facility is exempt by

providing all of the following: 

(i) The name and location of the facility.
-19-

(ii) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.

(iii) A declaration that the facility is exempt from

the emission limitations of §§ XX.3011 through XX.3020 of

this subpart because combined VOC emissions from all coating

units, lines, and operations at the facility that are

covered by an individual section of this subpart are below

the appropriate applicability threshold before the

application of capture systems and control devices.

(iv) Calculations of the daily-weighted average that

demonstrate that the combined VOC emissions from all coating

units, lines, and operations at the facility that are

covered by an individual section of this subpart for a day

representative of current maximum production levels are

6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb]) or less before the

application of capture systems and control devices. The

following equation shall be used to calculate total VOC

emissions for that day:

where: 

T = Total VOC emissions from coating units, lines, 

and operations at the facility before the 

application of capture systems and control 

devices in units of kg/day (lb/day). 
-20­

n = Number of different coatings applied on each 

coating unit, each coating line, or each 

operation at the facility. 

i = Subscript denoting an individual coating. 

Ai = Mass of VOC per volume of coating (i) (excluding 

water and exempt compounds), as applied, used at 

the facility in units of kilograms VOC per liter 

(kg VOC/L) (pounds VOC per gallon [lb VOC/gal]). 

Bi = Volume of coating (i) (excluding water and exempt 

compounds), as applied, used at the facility in 

units of liters per day (L/day) (gallons per day 

[gal/day]). The instrument or method by which 

the owner or operator accurately measured or 

calculated the volume of each coating, as 

applied, used shall be described in the 

certification to the Administrator. 

(2) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, the owner or

operator of a facility referenced in paragraph (b) of this

section shall collect and record all of the following

information each day and maintain the information at the

facility for a period of 5 years:

(i) The name and identification number of each

coating, as applied. 
-21-

(ii) The mass of VOC per volume (excluding water and

exempt compounds) and the volume of coating (i) (excluding

water and exempt compounds), as applied, used each day.

(iii) The total VOC emissions at the facility, as

calculated using the equation under paragraph (b)(l)(iv) of

this section. 

(3) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after promulgation of the final rule}, the owner or operator

of a facility referenced in paragraph (b) of this section

shall notify the Administrator of any record showing that

combined VOC emissions from all coating units, lines, and

operations at the coating facility exceed 6.8 kg (15 lb) on

any day, before the application of capture systems and

control devices. A copy of such record shall be sent to the

Administrator within 30 calendar days after the exceedance

occurs.

(c) Requirements for coating sources using complying

coatings. Any owner or operator of a coating unit, line, or

operation subject to the limitations of § XX.3011(c)(1) or

§§ XX.3012 through XX.3020 of this subpart and complying by

means of the use of complying coatings shall comply with the

following:

(1) Certification. By {insert date 1 year after date

of promulgation of final rule}, or upon startup of a new

coating unit, line, or operation, or upon changing the

method of compliance for an existing subject coating unit,
-22­

line, or operation from daily-weighted averaging or control

devices to the use of complying coatings, the owner or

operator of a coating unit, line, or operation referenced in

paragraph (c) of this section shall certify to the

Administrator that the coating unit, line, or operation is

or will be in compliance with the requirements of the

applicable section of this subpart on and after {insert date

1 year after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and

after the initial startup date. Such certification shall

include:

(i) The name and location of the facility.

(ii) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.

(iii) Identification of subject sources.

(iv) The name and identification number of each

coating, as applied, on each coating unit, line, or

operation.

(v) The mass of VOC per volume (excluding water and

exempt compounds) and the volume of each coating (excluding

water and exempt compounds), as applied.

(vi) The time at which the facility's "day" begins if

a time other than midnight local time is used to define a

"day."

(2) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after

the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a coating
-23­

unit, line, or operation referenced in paragraph (c) of this

section and complying by the use of complying coatings shall

collect and record all of the following information each day

for each coating unit, line, or operation and maintain the

information at the facility for a period of 5 years:

(i) The name and identification number of each

coating, as applied, on each coating unit, line, or

operation.

(ii) The mass of VOC per volume of each coating

(excluding water and exempt compounds), as applied, used

each day on each coating unit, line, or operation.

(3) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, the owner or

operator of a subject coating unit, line, or operation

referenced in paragraph (c) of this section shall notify the

Administrator in either of the following instances:

(i) Any record showing use of any non-complying

coatings shall be reported by sending a copy of such record

to the Administrator within 30 calendar days following that

use. 

(ii) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance from the use of complying coatings to

daily-weighted averaging or control devices, the owner or

operator shall comply with all requirements of

paragraph (d)(1) or (e)(1) of this section, respectively. 

Upon changing the method of compliance from the use of
-24­

complying coatings to daily-weighted averaging or control

devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all

requirements of the section of this subpart applicable to

the coating unit, line, or operation referenced in paragraph

(c) of this section.

(d) Requirements for coating sources using dailyweighted averaging. Any owner or operator of a coating

unit, line, or operation subject to the limitations of

§ XX.3011(c)(1) or §§ XX.3012 through XX.3020 of this

subpart and complying by means of daily-weighted averaging

on that unit, line, or operation shall comply with the

following:

(1) Certification. By {insert date 1 year after date

of promulgation of final rule}, or upon startup of a new

coating unit, line, or operation, or upon changing the

method of compliance for an existing subject coating unit,

line, or operation from the use of complying coatings or

control devices to daily-weighted averaging, the owner or

operator of the subject coating unit, line, or operation

shall certify to the Administrator that the coating unit,

line, or operation is or will be in compliance with

paragraph (d) of this section on and after {insert date 1

year after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and

after the initial startup date. Such certification shall

include:

(i) The name and location of the facility.
-25-

(ii) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.

(iii) Identification of subject sources. 

(iv) The name and identification number of each

coating unit, line, or operation that will comply by means

of daily-weighted averaging.

(v) The instrument or method by which the owner or

operator will accurately measure or calculate the volume of

each coating (excluding water and exempt compounds), as

applied, used each day on each coating unit, line, or

operation.

(vi) The method by which the owner or operator will

create and maintain records each day as required in

paragraph (d)(2) of this section.

(vii) Calculation of the daily-weighted average,

using the procedure in § XX.3082(a) of this subpart, for a

day representative of current or projected maximum

production levels.

(viii) The time at which the facility's "day" begins

if a time other than midnight local time is used to define a

"day."

(2) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after

the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a coating

unit, line, or operation referenced in paragraph (d) of this

section and complying by means of daily-weighted averaging
-26­

shall collect and record all of the following information

each day for each coating unit, line, or operation and

maintain the information at the facility for a period of

5 years:

(i) The name and identification number of each

coating, as applied, on each coating unit, line, or

operation. 

(ii) The mass of VOC per volume (excluding water and

exempt compounds) and the volume of each coating (excluding

water and exempt compounds), as applied, used each day on

each coating unit, line, or operation.

(iii) The daily-weighted average VOC content of all

coatings, as applied, on each coating unit, line, or

operation calculated according to the procedure in

§ XX.3082(a) of this subpart.

(3) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, the owner or

operator of a subject coating unit, line, or operation

referenced in paragraph (d) of this section shall notify the

Administrator in either of the following instances:

(i) Any record showing noncompliance with the

applicable daily-weighted average requirements shall be

reported by sending a copy of the record to the

Administrator within 30 calendar days following the

occurrence.
-27-

(ii) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance from daily-weighted averaging to the

use of complying coatings or control devices, the owner or

operator shall comply with all requirements of

paragraph (c)(1) or (e)(1) of this section, respectively. 

Upon changing the method of compliance from daily-weighted

averaging to the use of complying coatings or control

devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all

requirements of the section of this subpart applicable to

the coating unit, line, or operation referenced in paragraph

(d) of this section.

(e) Requirements for coating sources using control

devices. Any owner or operator of a coating unit, line, or

operation subject to the limitations of §§ XX.3011 through

XX.3020 of this subpart and complying by means of control

devices shall comply with the following:

(1) Testing of control equipment. By {insert date 1

year after date of promulgation of final rule}, or upon

startup of a new coating unit, line, or operation, or upon

changing the method of compliance for an existing coating

unit, line, or operation from the use of complying coatings

or daily-weighted averaging to control devices, the owner or

operator of the subject coating unit, line, or operation

shall perform a compliance test. Testing shall be performed

pursuant to the procedures in §§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of

this subpart. The owner or operator of the subject coating
-28­

unit, line, or operation shall submit to the Administrator

the results of all tests and calculations necessary to

demonstrate that the subject coating unit, line, or

operation is or will be in compliance with the applicable

section of this subpart on and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after

the initial startup date.

(2) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after

the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a coating

unit, line, or operation referenced in paragraph (e) of this

section shall collect and record all of the following

information each day for each coating unit, line, or

operation and maintain the information at the facility for a

period of 5 years:

(i) The name and identification number of each

coating used on each coating unit, line, or operation. 

(ii) The mass of VOC per unit volume of coating

solids, as applied, the volume solids content, as applied,

and the volume, as applied, of each coating used each day on

each coating unit, line, or operation.

(iii) The maximum VOC content (mass of VOC per unit

volume of coating solids, as applied) or the daily-weighted

average VOC content (mass of VOC per unit volume of coating

solids, as applied) of the coatings used each day on each

coating unit, line, or operation.
-29-

(iv) The required overall emission reduction

efficiency for each day for each coating unit, line, or

operation as determined in §§ XX.3011(e)(3), XX.3012(e)(3),

XX.3013(e)(3), XX.3014(e)(3), XX.3015(e)(3), XX.3016(e)(3),

XX.3017(e)(3), XX.3018(e)(3), XX.3019(e)(3), or

XX.3020(e)(3) of this subpart. 

(v) The actual overall emission reduction efficiency

achieved for each day for each coating unit, line, or

operation as determined in § XX.3083(c) of this subpart.

(vi) Control device monitoring data.

(vii) A log of operating time for the capture system,

control device, monitoring equipment, and the associated

coating unit, line, or operation.

(viii) A maintenance log for the capture system,

control device, and monitoring equipment detailing all

routine and nonroutine maintenance performed including dates

and duration of any outages.

(ix) For thermal incinerators, all 3-hour periods of

operation in which the average combustion temperature was

more than 28°C (50°F) below the average combustion

temperature during the most recent performance test that

demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.

(x) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of

operation in which the average temperature of the process

vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed is more than

28°C (50°F) below the average temperature of the process
-30­

vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed during the

most recent performance test that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(xi) For carbon adsorbers, all 3-hour periods of

operation during which either the average VOC concentration

or the reading of organics in the exhaust gases is more than

20 percent greater than the average exhaust gas

concentration or reading measured by the organics monitoring

device during the most recent determination of the recovery

efficiency of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(3) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, the owner or

operator of a subject coating unit, line, or operation

referenced in paragraph (e) of this section shall notify the

Administrator in either of the following instances:

(i) Any record showing noncompliance with the

applicable requirements for control devices shall be

reported by sending a copy of the record to the

Administrator within 30 calendar days following the

occurrence.

(ii) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance from control devices to the use of

complying coatings or daily-weighted averaging, the owner or

operator shall comply with all requirements of

paragraph (c)(1) or (d)(1) of this section, respectively. 
-31­

Upon changing the method of compliance from control devices

to the use of complying coatings or daily-weighted

averaging, the owner or operator shall comply with all

requirements of the section of this subpart applicable to

the coating unit, line, or operation referenced in

paragraph (e) of this section.
-32­

§ XX.3003 Compliance Certification, Recordkeeping, and

Reporting Requirements for Non-Coating Sources.

(a) Initial compliance certification. The owner or

operator of any facility containing sources subject to this

section shall submit to the Administrator an initial

compliance certification by {insert date 6 months after the

date of promulgation of this rule}. The owner or operator

of any new facility containing sources that become subject

to this section after {insert date of promulgation of this

rule} shall submit an initial compliance certification

immediately upon startup of the facility.

(1) The initial compliance certification shall

provide at a minimum the following information:

(i) The name and location of the facility.

(ii) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.

(iii) Identification of subject sources.

(2) For each subject source, the initial compliance

certification shall also provide at a minimum:

(i) The applicable emission limitation, equipment

specification, or work practice.

(ii) The method of compliance.

(iii) For each source subject to numerical emission

limitations of this subpart, the estimated emissions without

control.

(iv) The control system(s) in use.
-33-

(v) The design performance efficiency of the control

system.

(vi) For each source subject to numerical emission

limitations of this subpart, the estimated emissions after

control.

(vii) Certification that each subject source at the

facility is in compliance with the applicable emission

limitation, equipment specification, or work practice.

(viii) The time at which the facility's "day" begins

if a time other than midnight local time is used to define a

"day."

(b) Reports of excess emissions. The owner or

operator of any facility containing sources subject to this

section shall, for each occurrence of excess emissions,

within 30 calendar days of becoming aware of such

occurrence, supply the Administrator with the following

information:

(1) The name and location of the facility.

(2) The subject sources that caused the excess

emissions.

(3) The time and date of first observation of the

excess emissions.

(4) The cause and expected duration of the excess

emissions.

(5) For sources subject to numerical emission

limitations, the estimated rate of emissions (expressed in
-34­

the units of the applicable emission limitation) and the

operating data and calculations used in determining the

magnitude of the excess emissions.

(6) The proposed corrective actions and schedule to

correct the conditions causing the excess emissions.

(c) Requirements for sources using control devices. 

(1) Testing of control equipment. By {insert date 1

year after date of promulgation of final rule}, or upon

startup of a new source, or upon changing the method of

compliance for an existing source, the owner or operator of

the subject source shall perform all tests and submit to the

Administrator the results of all tests and calculations

necessary to demonstrate that the subject source will be in

compliance with the applicable section of this subpart on

and after {insert date 1 year after date of promulgation of

final rule}, or on and after the initial startup date.

(2) Recordkeeping. 

(i) Each owner or operator of a source subject to

this section shall maintain up-to-date, readily accessible

continuous records of any equipment operating parameters

specified to be monitored in the applicable section of this

subpart as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records of

periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries

established during the most recent performance test are

exceeded. These records shall be maintained for at least 5

years. The Administrator may at any time require a report
-35­

of these data. Periods of operation during which the

parameter boundaries established during the most recent

performance tests are exceeded are defined as follows:

(A) For thermal incinerators, all 3-hour periods of

operation in which the average combustion temperature was

more than 28°C (50°F) below the average combustion

temperature during the most recent performance test that

demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.

(B) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of

operation in which the average temperature of the process

vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed is more than

28°C (50°F) below the average temperature of the process

vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed during the

most recent performance test that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(C) For carbon adsorbers, all 3-hour periods of

operation during which either the average VOC concentration

or the reading of organics in the exhaust gases is more than

20 percent greater than the average exhaust gas

concentration or reading measured by the organics monitoring

device during the most recent determination of the recovery

efficiency of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(ii) A log of operating time for the capture system,

control device, monitoring equipment, and the associated

source. 
-36-

(iii) A maintenance log for the capture system,

control device, and monitoring equipment detailing all

routine and non-routine maintenance performed including

dates and duration of any outages.
-37­

§ XX.3004 General Recordkeeping.

Each owner or operator of a source subject to this subpart

shall maintain all records necessary for determining

compliance with this subpart at the facility for a period of

5 years.
-38­

§ XX.3005 Circumvention.

(a) No owner or operator subject to this subpart may

build, erect, install, or use any article, machine,

equipment, process, or other method the use of which

conceals emissions that would otherwise constitute noncompliance with an applicable section of this subpart.

(b) Paragraph (a) of this section includes, but is

not limited to, the use of gaseous diluents to achieve

compliance, and the piecemeal carrying out of an operation

to avoid coverage by a section of this subpart that applies

only to operations larger than a specified size. 
-39­

§ XX.3006 Handling, Storage, and Disposal of Volatile

Organic Compounds (VOC's).

(a) No owner or operator of a facility subject to

this subpart may cause, allow, or permit the disposal of

more than 5 kilograms (kg) (11 pounds [lb]) of any VOC, or

of any materials containing more than 5 kg (11 lb) of any

VOC's, at that facility in any 1 day in a manner that would

permit the evaporation of VOC into the ambient air. This

provision does not apply to:

(1) Any VOC or material containing VOC emitted from a

regulated entity that is subject to a VOC standard under

this subpart.

(2) Coating sources that are exempt from the emission

limitations of §§ XX.3011 through XX.3021 of this subpart.

(3) Waste paint (sludge) handling systems, water

treatment systems, and other similar operations at coating

facilities using complying coatings. 

(b) Paragraph (a) of this section includes, but is

not limited to, the disposal of VOC from VOC control

devices.

(c) No owner or operator of a facility subject to

this subpart shall use open containers for the storage or

disposal of cloth or paper impregnated with VOC's that are

used for surface preparation, cleanup, or coating removal. 

(d) No owner or operator of a facility subject to

this subpart shall store in open containers spent or fresh
-40­

VOC to be used for surface preparation, cleanup or coating

removal.

(e) No owner or operator of a facility subject to

this subpart shall use VOC for the cleanup of spray

equipment unless equipment is used to collect the cleaning

compounds and to minimize their evaporation to the

atmosphere. 
-41­

§ XX.3007 Compliance Dates. 

(a) Compliance with the following is required

immediately upon promulgation: [Reserved]

(b) Compliance with the following is required within

1 year of the date of promulgation: [Reserved]
-42­

§§ XX.3008-3010 [Reserved]

§ XX.3011 Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Coating

Operations.

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to the following coating

operations in an automobile or light-duty truck assembly

plant: each prime coat operation, each electrodeposition

(EDP) prime coat operation, each primer surfacer operation,

each topcoat operation, and each final repair operation. 

(2) The requirements in paragraphs (c)(4), (f), and

(i) of this section also apply to heavy-duty trucks that use

EDP to apply prime coat.

(3) Antichip coatings, as applied to automobile and

light-duty truck components such as, but not limited to,

rocker panels, the bottom edge of doors and fenders, and the

leading edge of the hood or roof, are considered primer

surfacers.

(4) Application to metal parts of underbody antichip

coatings (e.g., underbody plastisol) and coatings other than

prime, primer surfacer, topcoat, and final repair shall be

subject to the requirements of § XX.3020 of this subpart

(Miscellaneous Metal Parts). 

(5) The requirements in paragraph (c) of this section

do not apply to automobile and light-duty truck assembly

plants whose plantwide, actual emissions without control
-43­

devices are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb]) of

volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per day.

(6) An owner or operator of a facility whose

emissions are below the applicability threshold in paragraph

(a)(5) of this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of

this subpart.

(7) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to all of the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(5) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(8) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions later fall below the applicability

threshold.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart. 

"Application area" means the area where a coating is

applied by dipping or spraying.

"Automobile" means a motor vehicle capable of carrying

no more than 12 passengers.
-44-

"Automobile and light-duty truck body" means the

exterior and interior surfaces of an automobile or lightduty truck including, but not limited to, hoods, fenders,

cargo boxes, doors, grill opening panels, engine

compartment, all or portions of the passenger compartment,

and trunk interior.

"Electrodeposition (EDP)" means a method of applying a

prime coat by which the automobile or truck body is

submerged in a tank filled with coating material and an

electrical field is used to effect the deposition of the

coating material on the body.

"EDP prime coat operation" means the application

area(s), flashoff area(s), and oven(s) that are used to

apply and dry or cure the EDP prime coat on components of

automobile and truck bodies on a single assembly line.

"Final repair operation" means the application

area(s), flashoff area(s), and oven(s) used to apply and dry

or cure coatings that are used to repair topcoat on fully

assembled automobiles or light-duty truck bodies from a

single assembly line.

"Light-duty truck" means any motor vehicle rated at

3,864 kg (8,500 lb) gross weight or less designed primarily

to transport property. 

"Prime coat operation" means the application area(s),

flashoff area(s), and oven(s) that are used to apply and dry
-45­

or cure the prime coat on components of automobile and

light-duty truck bodies on a single assembly line.

"Primer surfacer operation" means the application

area(s), flashoff area(s) and oven(s) that are used to apply

and dry or cure primer surfacer between the prime coat and

the topcoat operations on components of automobile and

light-duty truck bodies on a single assembly line. The

primer surfacer coat is also referred to as the "guidecoat."

"Solids turnover ratio (RT)" means the ratio of total

volume of coating solids that is added to the EDP system in

a calendar month divided by the total volume design capacity

of the EDP system.

"Topcoat" means the final coating(s) on components of

automobile and light-duty truck bodies.

"Topcoat operation" means the application area(s),

flashoff area(s), and oven(s) used to apply and dry or cure

topcoat on components of automobile and light-duty truck

bodies on a single assembly line.

"Topcoat protocol" means the EPA document "Protocol

for Determining the Daily VOC Emission Rate of Automobile

and Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations," EPA 450/3-88-018,

December 1988.

"Volume design capacity" means for the EDP system the

total liquid volume that is contained in the EDP system

(tanks, pumps, recirculating lines, filters, etc.) at the
-46-

system's designed liquid operating level. The EDP system

volume design capacity is designated LE.

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck prime coat operation or final repair operation

subject to this section shall cause or allow on any day the

application of any coating on that operation with VOC

content, as applied, that exceeds either of the following

emission limits: 

(i) 0.14 kilograms per liter (kg/L) (1.2 pounds per

gallon [lb/gal]) of coating, excluding water and exempt

compounds, as applied, from any prime coat operation.

(ii) 0.58 kg/L (4.8 lb/gal) of coating, excluding

water and exempt compounds, as applied, from any final

repair operation.

(2) No owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck topcoat operation subject to this section shall

cause or allow on any day VOC emissions which exceed either

of the following:

(i) 1.8 kg/L (15.1 lb/gal) of solids deposited.

(ii) 0.34 kg/L (2.8 lb/gal) of coating, excluding

water and exempt compounds, as applied.

(3) No owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck primer surfacer operation subject to this section

shall cause or allow on any day VOC emissions which exceed

either of the following:
-47-

(i) 1.8 kg/L (15.1 lb/gal) of solids deposited.

(ii) 0.34 kg/L (2.8 lb/gal) of coating, excluding

water and exempt compounds, as applied. 

(4) No owner or operator of an EDP prime coat 

operation subject to this section shall cause or allow on

any day the application of any coating on that operation

with VOC content, as applied, that exceeds either of the

following:

(i) 0.17 kg/L (1.4 lb/gal) of coating solids from any

EDP prime coat operation when the solids turnover ratio (RT)

is 0.16 or greater. RT shall be calculated as follows:

where:

TV = Total volume of coating solids that is added to 

the EDP system in a calendar month (liters). 

LE = Volume design capacity of the EDP system 

(liters). 

(ii) 0.17 x 350 (0.160 - RT) kg VOC/L of applied coating

solids from any EDP prime coat operation when RT, calculated

according to the equation in paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this

section, is greater than or equal to 0.040 and less than

0.160.

(iii) When RT, calculated according to the equation in

paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section, is less than 0.040 for

any EDP prime coat operation, there is no emission limit. 
-48-

(5) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limits in paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(ii), and (c)(3)(ii) of

this section, an owner or operator may meet the requirements

of paragraph (d) or (e) of this section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator subject to this section shall apply, during any

day, coatings in any nonelectrodeposition (non-EDP) prime

coat, final repair, topcoat, or primer surfacer operation

whose daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in

accordance with the procedure specified in § XX.3082(a) of

this subpart, exceeds the applicable emission limits in

paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(ii), and (c)(3)(ii) of this

section.

(e) Control devices.

(1) An owner or operator subject to this section shall

comply with the applicable emission limits for any non-EDP

prime coat, final repair, topcoat, or primer surfacer

operation by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

operation. 

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

operation. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 
-49­

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator subject to this section shall

ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times the coating operation is in use, and the owner

or operator demonstrates compliance with this section

through the applicable coating analysis and capture system

and control device efficiency test methods specified in 

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Compliance procedures for EDP prime coat

operations. 

(1) The owner or operator of an EDP prime coat

operation subject to this section shall use the procedures
-50­

in 40 CFR 60.393(c)(1) to determine compliance if a capture

system and a control device are not used to comply with the

emission limits in paragraph (c)(4)(i) or (ii) of this

section. 

(2) The owner or operator of an EDP prime coat

operation subject to this section shall use the procedures

in 40 CFR 60.393(c)(2) to determine compliance if a capture

system and a control device that destroys VOC (e.g.,

incinerator) are used to comply with the emission limits in

paragraph (c)(4)(i) or (ii) of this section.

(3) The owner or operator of an EDP prime coat

operation subject to this section shall use the procedures

in 40 CFR 60.393(c)(3) to determine compliance if a capture

system and a control device that recovers the VOC (e.g.,

carbon adsorber) are used to comply with the emission limits

in paragraph (c)(4)(i) or (ii) of this section.

(g) Test methods. 

(1) The test methods found in §§ XX.3080 through

XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to determine

compliance with paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2)(ii), (c)(3)(ii),

and (c)(5) of this section.

(2) An owner or operator shall use the topcoat

protocol to determine compliance with paragraphs (c)(2)(i)

and (c)(3)(i) of this section.
-51-

(h) Recordkeeping and reporting for non-EDP prime coat

and final repair operations.

(1) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation that is exempt from the

emission limitations in paragraph (c)(1) of this section

shall comply with the certification, recordkeeping, and

reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation subject to this section and

complying with paragraph (c)(1) of this section by the use

of complying coatings shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(c) of

this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation subject to this section and

complying with paragraph (c)(1) of this section by dailyweighted averaging shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(d) of

this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation subject to this section and

complying with paragraph (c)(1) of this section by the use

of control devices shall comply with the testing, reporting,

and recordkeeping requirements in § XX.3002(e) of this

subpart. 
-52-

(i) Recordkeeping and reporting for EDP prime coat

operations. An owner or operator of an EDP prime coat

operation subject to this section and complying with the

requirements in paragraph (c)(4)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this

section shall comply with the following:

(1) Certification. By {insert date 1 year after date

of promulgation of final rule} or upon startup of a new EDP

prime coat operation, the owner or operator shall certify to

the Administrator that the coating operation is and will be

in compliance with the requirements in paragraph (c)(4)(i)

or (ii) of this section on and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after

the initial startup date. Such certification shall include:

(i) The name and location of the facility.

(ii) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility. 

(iii) Identification of subject sources.

(iv) A copy of the calculations performed to determine

RT and the calculations performed pursuant to paragraph (f)

of this section to demonstrate compliance for the EDP prime

coat operation for the month prior to submittal of the

certification.

(2) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule} or on and after

the initial startup date of a new EDP prime coat operation,

the owner or operator shall collect and record the following
-53­

information for each EDP prime coat operation. These

records shall be maintained at the facility for at least 5

years and shall be made available to the Administrator upon

verbal or written request:

(i) For each day, the total daily volume of coating

solids that is added to the EDP system.

(ii) For each month, calculation of RT using the

equation in paragraph (c)(4)(i) of this section.

(iii) For each month, the calculations used in the

compliance determinations specified in paragraph (f) of this

section.

(3) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year after

promulgation of final rule}, the owner or operator of an EDP

prime coat operation subject to this section shall notify

the Administrator in either of the following instances:

(i) Any record showing noncompliance with the

appropriate emission limit for the EDP prime coat operation.

(ii) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance from one of the procedures in paragraph

(f) of this section to another of the procedures in

paragraph (f), the owner or operator shall comply with the

certification requirements in paragraph (i)(1) of this

section.
-54-

(j) Reporting and recordkeeping for topcoat and primer

surfacer operations.

(1) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation subject to this section and

complying with paragraph (c)(2)(i) or (c)(3)(i) of this

section shall comply with the following: 

(i) Certification. At least 180 days prior to the

initial compliance date, the owner or operator of a coating

operation subject to the topcoat and primer surfacer limit

in paragraphs (c)(2)(i) and (c)(3)(i) of this section shall

submit to the Administrator a detailed proposal specifying

the method of demonstrating how the compliance test will be

conducted according to the topcoat protocol. The proposal

shall include a comprehensive plan (including a rationale)

for determining the transfer efficiency at each booth

through the use of in-plant or pilot testing; the selection

of coatings to be tested (for the purpose of determining

transfer efficiency), including the rationale for coating

groupings; and a method for tracking coating usage during

the transfer efficiency test. Upon approval by the

Administrator, the owner or operator may proceed with the

compliance demonstration.

(ii) Recordkeeping.

(A) The owner or operator shall maintain at the source

for a period of 5 years all test results, data, and

calculations used to determine VOC emissions from each
-55­

topcoat and each primer surfacer operation according to the

topcoat protocol.

(B) If control devices are used to control emissions

from an automobile or light-duty truck topcoat or primer

surfacer operation, the owner or operator shall maintain

records according to § XX.3002(e)(2)(vi) through (xi) of

this subpart.

(iii) Reporting. Any instance of noncompliance with

the emission limit in paragraph (c)(2)(i) or (c)(3)(i) shall

be reported to the Administrator within 30 calendar days.

(2) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation subject to this section and

complying with paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(3)(ii) of this

section by the use of complying coatings shall comply with

the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements

in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation subject to this section and

complying with paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(3)(ii) of this

section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with the

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in 

§ XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of an automobile or lightduty truck coating operation subject to this section and

complying with paragraphs (c)(2)(ii) and (c)(3)(ii) of this
-56­

section by the use of control devices shall comply with the

testing, reporting and recordkeeping requirements in 

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart.
-57­

§ XX.3012 Can Coating. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to any can coating unit used 

to apply the following coatings: sheet base coat, exterior

base coat, interior body spray coat, overvarnish, side seam

spray coat, exterior end coat, and end sealing compound

coat. 

(2) The emission limits of this section do not apply

to can coating units within any facility whose actual

emissions without control devices from all can coating units

within the facility are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg)

(15 pounds [lb]) of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per

day.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold
-58­

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Can" means any cylindrical single-walled container,

with or without a top, cover, spout, and/or handle, that is

manufactured from metal sheets thinner than 29 gauge

(0.0141 inch [in.]) and into which solid or liquid materials

may be packaged.

"Can coating unit" means a coating unit in which any

coating is applied onto the surface of cans or can

components.

"End sealing compound coat" means a compound applied

onto can ends that functions as a gasket when the end is

assembled onto the can. 

"Exterior base coat" means a coating applied to the

exterior of a two-piece can body to provide protection to

the metal or to provide background for any lithographic or

printing operation. 

"Interior body spray coat" means a coating applied to

the interior of the can body to provide a protective film

between the product and the can. 

"Overvarnish" means a coating applied directly over a

design coating or directly over ink to reduce the
-59­

coefficient of friction, to provide gloss, and to protect

the finish against abrasion and corrosion. 

"Sheet basecoat" means a coating applied to metal in

sheet form to serve as either the exterior or interior of

two-piece or three-piece can bodies or can ends. 

"Side-seam spray coat" means a coating applied to the

seam of a three-piece can. 

"Three-piece can" means a can that is made by rolling a

rectangular sheet of metal into a cylinder that is soldered,

welded, or cemented at the seam and attaching two ends. 

"Two-piece can" means a can whose body and one end are

formed from a shallow cup and to which the other end is

later attached.

"Two-piece can exterior end coat" means a coating

applied by roller coating or spraying to the exterior end of

a two-piece can to provide protection to the metal.

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a can coating unit subject

to this section shall cause or allow the application of any

coating on that unit with VOC content, as applied, that

exceeds the limits in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through

(c)(1)(vi) of this section. 
-60-

kg/La lb/gala 

(i) Sheet basecoat and sheet 0.34 2.8 

overvarnish 

(ii) Exterior basecoat and 0.34 2.8 

overvarnish (two-piece can) 

(iii) Interior body spray coat 0.51 4.2 

(iv) Two-piece can exterior end 0.51 4.2 

coat 

(v) Side seam spray coat 0.66 5.5 

(vi) End-sealing compound coat 0.44 3.7 

aVOC content values are expressed in units of mass of

VOC (kg, lb) per volume of coating (liter [L], gallon

[gal]), excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied.

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limits in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a can coating unit may comply with the

requirements of this section by meeting the requirements of

paragraph (d) or (e) of this section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitations.

(1) No owner or operator of a can coating unit subject

to this section shall apply, during any day, coatings on

that unit whose daily-weighted average VOC content,

calculated in accordance with the procedure specified in

§ XX.3082 of this subpart, exceeds the emission limits in

paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this

subpart, an owner or operator may use the compliance program

described in the December 8, 1980, FEDERAL REGISTER (45 FR
-61­

80024). This program allows a daily weighted average of

coatings between can coating units without a requirement to

submit a FIP or SIP revision and without the requirement to

meet the provisions of the Emissions Trading Policy

Statement (51 FR 43815, December 4, 1986).

(e) Control devices.

(1) An owner or operator of a can coating unit subject

to this section may comply with paragraph (c)(2) of this

section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a can coating unit subject

to this section shall ensure that:
-62-

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the unit is in operation, and the owner or

operator demonstrates compliance with this section through

the applicable coating analysis and capture system and

control device efficiency test methods specified in

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting. 

(1) An owner or operator of a can coating unit that is

exempt from the emission limitations in paragraph (c) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of

this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a can coating unit subject

to this section and complying with paragraph (c) of this

section by using complying coatings shall comply with the
-63­

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in

§ XX.3002(c) of this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of a can coating unit subject

to this section and complying with paragraph (d) of this

section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with the

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in

§ XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a can coating unit subject

to this section and complying with paragraph (e) of this

section by using control devices shall comply with the

testing, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements in 

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-64­

§ XX.3013 Coil Coating.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any coil coating unit.

(2) This section does not apply to any coil coating

unit within a facility whose actual emissions without

control devices from all coil coating units within the

facility are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb])

of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per day.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.
-65-

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Coil" means any continuous metal strip with thickness

of 0.15 millimeter (mm) (0.006 inch [in.]) or more that is

packaged in a roll or coil.

"Coil coating line" means a web coating line where

coating is applied to coil.

"Coil coating unit" means a coating application station

and its associated flashoff area, drying area, and/or drying

oven wherein coating is applied and dried or cured on a coil

coating line. A coil coating line may include more than one

coil coating unit.

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a coil coating unit

subject to this section shall cause or allow the application

of any coating on that unit with VOC content in excess of

0.31 kilograms per liter (kg/L) (2.6 pounds per gallon

[lb/gal]) of coating, excluding water and exempt compounds,

as applied.

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a coil coating unit may meet the requirements of

paragraph (d) or (e) of this section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator of a coil coating unit subject to this section
-66­

shall apply, during any day, coatings on that unit whose

daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in accordance

with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this subpart,

exceeds the emission limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this

section.

(e) Control devices.

(1) An owner or operator of a coil coating unit

subject to this section may comply with this section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a coil coating unit

subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times the coating unit is in operation, and the owner
-67­

or operator demonstrates compliance with this section

through the applicable coating analysis and capture system

and control device efficiency test methods specified in 

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in 

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting. 

(1) An owner or operator of a coil coating unit that

is exempt from the emission limitations in paragraph (c) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of

this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a coil coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (c) of

this section by the use of complying coatings shall comply

with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.
-68-

(3) An owner or operator of a coil coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (d) of

this section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with

the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements

in § XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a coil coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (e) of

this section by the use of control devices shall comply with

the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements in

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-69­

§ XX.3014 Paper Coating.

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to any paper coating unit.

(2) This section does not apply to any paper coating

unit within a facility whose actual emissions without

control devices from all paper coating units within the

facility are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb])

of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per day.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.
-70-

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Paper coating line" means a web coating line where

coating is applied to paper. Printing presses are not

considered paper coating lines. Products produced on a

paper coating line include, but are not limited to, adhesive

tapes and labels, book covers, post cards, office copier

paper, drafting paper, and pressure sensitive tapes. Paper

coating lines include, but are not limited to, application

by impregnation or saturation or by the use of roll, knife,

or rotogravure coating. 

"Paper coating unit" means a coating application

station and its associated flashoff area, drying area,

and/or oven wherein coating is applied and dried or cured on

a paper coating line. A paper coating line may include more

than one paper coating unit.

(c) Standards. 

(1) No owner or operator of a paper coating unit

subject to this section shall cause, allow, or permit the

application of any coating on that unit with VOC content in

excess of 0.35 kilograms per liter (kg/L) (2.9 pounds per

gallon [lb/gal]) of coating, excluding water and exempt

compounds, as applied.

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or
-71­

operator of a paper coating unit subject to this section may

meet the requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of this

section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator of a paper coating unit subject to this section

shall apply, during any day, coatings on that unit whose

daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in accordance

with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this subpart,

exceeds the emission limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this

section.

(e) Control devices. 

(1) An owner or operator of a paper coating unit

subject to this section may comply with this section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to
-72­

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a paper coating unit

subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times the coating unit is in operation, and the owner

or operator demonstrates compliance with this section

through the applicable coating analysis and capture system

and control device efficiency test methods specified in 

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in 

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting.

(1) An owner or operator of a paper coating unit that

is exempt from the emission limitations in paragraph (c) of

this section shall comply with the certification,
-73­

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of

this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a paper coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (c) of

this section by the use of complying coatings shall comply

with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of a paper coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (d) of

this section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with

the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements

in § XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a paper coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (e) of

this section by the use of control devices shall comply with

the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements in

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-74­

§ XX.3015 Fabric Coating.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any fabric coating unit.

(2) This section does not apply to any fabric coating

unit within a facility whose actual emissions without

control devices from all fabric coating units within the

facility are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb])

of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per day. 

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.
-75-

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Fabric coating line" means a web coating line where

coating is applied to fabric. A fabric printing line is not

considered a fabric coating line.

"Fabric coating unit" means a coating application

station and its associated flashoff area, drying area,

and/or oven wherein coating is applied and dried or cured in

a fabric coating line. A fabric coating line may include

more than one fabric coating unit.

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a fabric coating unit

subject to this section shall cause or allow the application

of any coating on that unit with VOC content in excess of 

0.35 kilogram per liter (kg/L) (2.9 pounds per gallon

[lb/gal]) of coating, excluding water and exempt compounds,

as applied.

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a fabric coating unit subject to this section

may meet the requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of this

section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator of a fabric coating unit subject to this section

shall apply, during any day, coatings on that unit whose
-76-

daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in accordance

with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this subpart,

exceeds the emission limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this

section. 

(e) Control devices.

(1) An owner or operator of a fabric coating unit

subject to this section may comply with this section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit. 

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a fabric coating unit

subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times the coating unit is in operation, and the owner

or operator demonstrates compliance with this section
-77­

through the applicable coating analysis and capture system

and control device efficiency test methods specified in

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting.

(1) An owner or operator of a fabric coating unit that

is exempt from the emission limitations in paragraph (c) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of

this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a fabric coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (c) of

this section by the use of complying coatings shall comply

with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.
-78-

(3) An owner or operator of a fabric coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (d) of

this section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with

the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements

in § XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a fabric coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (e) of

this section by the use of control devices shall comply with

the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements in

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-79­

§ XX.3016 Vinyl Coating.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any vinyl coating line. 

(2) This section does not apply to: 

(i) Application of vinyl plastisol to fabric to form

the substrate that is subsequently coated.

(ii) Any vinyl coating line within a facility whose

actual emissions without control devices from all vinyl

coating lines within the facility are less than

6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb]) of volatile organic

compounds (VOC's) per day.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph

(a)(2)(ii) of this section shall comply with the

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of

paragraph (g)(1) of this section.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this

section will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its
-80­

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Vinyl coating line" means a web coating line where a

decorative, functional, or protective coating is applied to

a continuous web of vinyl or vinyl-coated fabric. Lines

used for coating and/or printing on vinyl and coating and/or

printing on urethane are considered vinyl coating lines. 

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a vinyl coating line

subject to this section shall cause or allow the application

of any coating on that line with VOC content in excess of

0.45 kilograms per liter (kg/L) (3.8 pounds per gallon

[lb/gal]) of coating, excluding water and exempt compounds,

as applied.

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a vinyl coating line subject to this section may

meet the requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of this

section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator of a vinyl coating line subject to this section

shall apply, during any day, coatings on any such line whose

daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in accordance
-81­

with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this subpart,

exceeds the emission limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this

section. 

(e) Control devices.

(1) An owner or operator of a vinyl coating line

subject to this section may comply with this section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

line. 

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

line. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a vinyl coating line

subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the line is in operation, and the owner or

operator demonstrates compliance with this section through
-82­

the applicable coating analysis and capture system and

control device efficiency test methods specified in 

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting.

(1) An owner or operator of a vinyl coating line that

is exempt from the emission limitations in paragraph (c) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of

this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a vinyl coating line

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (c) of

this section by the use of complying coatings shall comply

with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.
-83-

(3) An owner or operator of a vinyl coating line

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (d) of

this section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with

the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements

in § XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a vinyl coating line

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (e) of

this section by the use of control devices shall comply with

the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements in 

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-84­

§ XX.3017 Coating of Metal Furniture. 

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any metal furniture

coating unit. 

(2) This section does not apply to any metal furniture

coating unit within a facility whose actual emissions

without control devices from all metal furniture coating

units within the facility are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg)

(15 pounds [lb]) of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per

day.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.
-85-

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Metal furniture" means any furniture piece made of

metal or any metal part that will be assembled with other

metal, wood, fabric, plastic, or glass parts to form a

furniture piece including, but not limited to, tables,

chairs, waste baskets, beds, desks, lockers, benches,

shelving, file cabinets, and room dividers. This definition

shall not apply to the coating of miscellaneous metal parts

or products pursuant to § XX.3020 of this subpart.

"Metal furniture coating unit" means a coating unit in

which a protective, decorative, or functional coating is

applied onto the surface of metal furniture. 

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a metal furniture coating

unit subject to this section shall cause or allow the

application of any coating on that unit with VOC content in

excess of 0.36 kilograms per liter (kg/L) (3.0 pounds per

gallon [lb/gal]) of coating, excluding water and exempt

compounds, as applied.

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a metal furniture coating unit may meet the

requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of this section.
-86-

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator of a metal furniture coating unit subject to this

section shall apply, during any day, coatings on that unit

whose daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in

accordance with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this

subpart, exceeds the emission limit in paragraph (c)(1) of

this section.

(e) Control devices. 

(1) An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating

unit subject to this section may comply with this section

by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit.

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.
-87-

(2) An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating

unit subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the unit is in operation, and the owner or

operator demonstrates compliance with this section through

the applicable coating analysis and capture system and

control device efficiency test methods specified in 

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in §§ XX.3080

through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to determine

compliance with this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting.

(1) An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating

unit that is exempt from the emission limitations in

paragraph (c) of this section shall comply with the

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in

§ XX.3002(b) of this subpart.
-88-

(2) An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating

unit subject to this section and complying with paragraph

(c) of this section by the use of complying coatings shall

comply with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating

unit subject to this section and complying with paragraph

(d) of this section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply

with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a metal furniture coating

unit subject to this section and complying with paragraph

(e) of this section by the use of control devices shall

comply with the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping

requirements in § XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-89­

§ XX.3018 Coating of Large Appliances.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any large appliance

coating unit. 

(2) This section does not apply to:

(i) Any large appliance coating unit within a facility

whose actual emissions without control devices from all

large appliance coating units within the facility are less

than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb]) of volatile organic

compounds (VOC's) per day.

(ii) The use of quick-drying lacquers for repair of

scratches and nicks that occur during assembly, provided

that the volume of coating does not exceed 0.95 liter (L)

(0.25 gallon [gal]) in any one 8-hour period.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section. 

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions or coating volume used later fall below the

applicability thresholds.
-90-

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Large appliance" means any residential or commercial

washer, dryer, range, refrigerator, freezer, water heater,

dishwasher, trash compactor, air conditioner, or other

similar products under Standard Industrial Classification

Code 363.

"Large appliance coating unit" means a coating unit in

which any protective, decorative, or functional coating is

applied onto the surface of component metal parts

(including, but not limited to, doors, cases, lids, panels,

and interior parts) of large appliances. 

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a large appliance coating

unit subject to this section shall cause or allow the

application of any coating on that unit with VOC content in

excess of 0.34 kilograms per liter (kg/L) (2.8 pounds per

gallon [lb/gal]) of coating, excluding water and exempt

compounds, as applied.
-91-

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a large appliance coating unit subject to this

section may meet the requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of

this section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator of a large appliance coating unit subject to this

section shall apply, during any day, coatings on that unit

whose daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in

accordance with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this

subpart, exceeds the emission limit in paragraph (c)(1) of

this section.

(e) Control devices. 

(1) An owner or operator of a large appliance coating

unit subject to this section may comply with this section

by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.
-92-

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a large appliance coating

unit subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the unit is in operation, and the owner or

operator demonstrates compliance with this section through

the applicable coating analysis and capture system and

control device efficiency test methods specified in

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.
-93-

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting.

(1) An owner or operator of a large appliance coating

unit that is exempt from the emission limitations in

paragraph (c) of this section shall comply with the

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in

§ XX.3002(b) of this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a large appliance coating

unit subject to this section and complying with paragraph

(c) of this section by the use of complying coatings shall

comply with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of a large appliance coating

unit subject to this section and complying with paragraph

(d) of this section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply

with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a large appliance coating

unit subject to this section and complying with paragraph

(e) of this section by the use of control devices shall

comply with the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping

requirements in § XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-94­

§ XX.3019 Coating of Magnet Wire.

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to any magnet wire coating 

unit. 

(2) This section does not apply to any magnet wire 

coating unit within a facility whose emissions without

control devices from all magnet wire coating units within

the facility are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds

[lb]) of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per day.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.
-95-

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Magnet wire coating unit" means a coating unit in

which an electrically insulating varnish or enamel is

applied onto the surface of wire for use in electrical

machinery.

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a magnet wire coating unit

subject to this section shall cause or allow the use of any

coating with VOC content in excess of 0.20 kilograms per

liter (kg/L) (1.7 pounds per gallon [lb/gal]) of coating,

excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied.

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limit in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a magnet wire coating unit subject to this

section may meet the requirements of paragraph (d) or (e) of

this section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitation. No owner or

operator of a magnet wire coating unit subject to this

section shall apply, during any day, coatings on that unit

whose daily-weighted average VOC content, calculated in

accordance with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this

subpart, exceeds the emission limit in paragraph (c)(1) of

this section.
-96-

(e) Control devices.

(1) An owner or operator of a magnet wire coating unit

subject to this section may comply with this section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a magnet wire coating unit

subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the unit is in operation, and the owner or

operator demonstrates compliance with this section through

the applicable coating analysis and capture system and

control device efficiency test methods specified in

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in
-97­

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting.

(1) An owner or operator of a magnet wire coating unit

that is exempt from the emission limitations in paragraph

(c) of this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(b) of

this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a magnet wire coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (c) of

this section by the use of complying coatings shall comply

with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of a magnet wire coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (d) of

this section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with
-98­

the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements

in § XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a magnet wire coating unit

subject to this section and complying with paragraph (e) of

this section by the use of control devices shall comply with

the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements in

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart. 
-99­

§ XX.3020 Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit. 

(2) This section does not apply to the coating of the

following metal parts and products that are covered by other

sections of this subpart: 

(i) Automobiles and light-duty trucks.

(ii) Metal cans.

(iii) Flat metal sheets and strips in the form of

rolls or coils.

(iv) Magnet wire for use in electrical machinery.

(v) Metal furniture. 

(vi) Large appliances.

(vii) Heavy-duty trucks that use electrodeposition

(EDP) to apply prime coat, which are covered under

paragraphs (c)(4), (f), and (i) of § XX.3011 of this

subpart. 

(3) This section does not apply to:

(i) Exterior of completely assembled aircraft.

(ii) Exterior of major aircraft subassemblies, if

approved by the Administrator as part of a Federal

implementation plan (FIP) or State implementation plan (SIP)

revision.

(iii) Automobile, light-duty truck, and heavy-duty

truck refinishing.
-100-

(iv) Customized top coating of automobiles and trucks,

if production is less than 35 vehicles per day. 

(v) Exterior of completely assembled marine vessels.

(vi) Exterior of major marine vessel subassemblies if

approved by the Administrator as part of a FIP or SIP

revision.

(4) The emission limits in this section do not apply

to any coating unit within a facility whose actual

emissions without control devices from all miscellaneous

metal part and products coating units within the facility

are less than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb]) of

volatile organic compounds (VOC's) per day.

(5) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(4) of

this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(6) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(4) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(7) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its
-101­

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Air-dried coating" means a coating that is dried by

the use of air or forced warm air at temperatures up to 90°C

(194°F).

"Clear coating" means a coating that (1) either lacks

color and opacity or is transparent and (2) uses the surface

to which it is applied as a reflective base or undertone

color.

"Drum" means any cylindrical metal shipping container

of 13- to 110-gallon capacity.

"Extreme environmental conditions" means any of the

following: the weather all of the time, temperatures

frequently above 95°C (203°F), detergents, abrasive and

scouring agents, solvents, corrosive atmospheres, or similar

environmental conditions.

"Extreme performance coatings" means coatings intended

for exposure to extreme environmental conditions.

"Miscellaneous metal parts and products coating unit"

means a coating unit in which a coating is applied to any

miscellaneous metal parts and products. 

"Miscellaneous parts and products" means any metal part

or metal product, even if attached to or combined with a
-102­

nonmetal part or product. Miscellaneous metal parts and

products include, but are not limited to:

(1) Large farm machinery (harvesting, fertilizing and

planting machines, tractors, combines, etc.).

(2) Small farm machinery (lawn and garden tractors,

lawn mowers, rototillers, etc.).

(3) Small appliances (fans, mixers, blenders, crock

pots, dehumidifiers, vacuum cleaners, etc.).

(4) Commercial machinery (office equipment, computers

and auxiliary equipment, typewriters, calculators, vending

machines, etc.).

(5) Industrial machinery (pumps, compressors, conveyor

components, fans, blowers, transformers, etc.).

(6) Fabricated metal products (metal covered doors,

frames, etc.). 

(7) Any other metal part or product that is within one

of the following Standard Industrial Classification Codes: 

Major Group 33 (primary metal industries), Major Group 34

(fabricated metal products), Major Group 35 (nonelectric

machinery), Major Group 36 (electrical machinery), Major

Group 37 (transportation equipment), Major Group 38

(miscellaneous instruments), and Major Group 39

(miscellaneous manufacturing industries).

(8) Application of underbody antichip materials (e.g.,

underbody plastisol) and coating application operations

other than prime, primer surfacer, topcoat, and final repair
-103­

operations at automobile and light-duty truck assembly

plants. 

"Pail" means any cylindrical metal shipping container

of 1- to 12-gallon capacity and constructed of 29-gauge and

heavier material.

"Refinishing" means repainting used equipment. 

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit subject to this section

shall cause or allow the application of any coating with VOC

content in excess of the emission limits in

paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (c)(1)(v) of this section.

kg/La lb/gala 

(i) Clear coating 0.52 4.3 

(ii) Steel pail and drum interior 0.52 4.3 

(iii) Air-dried coating 0.42 3.5 

(iv) Extreme performance coating 0.42 3.5 

(v) All other coatings 0.36 3.0 

aVOC content values are expressed in units of mass of 

VOC(kg, lb) per volume of coating (liter [L], gallon

[gal]), excluding water and exempt compounds, as

applied.

(2) If more than one emission limit in paragraph

(c)(1) applies to a specific coating, then the least

stringent emission limit shall be applied.

(3) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limits in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or
-104­

operator of a miscellaneous metal parts and products coating

unit may meet the requirements of paragraphs (d) or (e) of

this section.

(d) Daily-weighted average limitations. No owner or

operator of a miscellaneous metal parts and products coating

unit that applies multiple coatings, all of which are

subject to the same numerical emission limitation within

paragraph (c)(1) above, during the same day (e.g., all

coatings used on the unit are subject to 0.42 kg/L

[3.5 lb/gal]), shall apply, during any day, coatings on that

unit whose daily-weighted average VOC content calculated in

accordance with the procedure specified in § XX.3082 of this

subpart exceeds the coating VOC content limit corresponding

to the category of coating used.

(e) Control devices. 

(1) An owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit subject to this section may

comply with this section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

unit.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

unit. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in 
-105­

§ XX.3082(c) of this subpart for that day or 95 percent.

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit subject to this section

shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the unit is in operation, and the owner or

operator demonstrates compliance with this section through

the applicable coating analysis and capture system and

control device efficiency test methods specified in

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The test methods found in

§§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of this subpart shall be used to

determine compliance with this section.
-106-

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting.

(1) An owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit that is exempt from the

emission limitations in paragraph (c) of this section shall

comply with the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting

requirements in § XX.3002(b) of this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit subject to this section and

complying with paragraph (c) of this section by the use of

complying coatings shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(c) of

this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit subject to this section and

complying with paragraph (d) of this section by dailyweighted averaging shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in § XX.3002(d) of

this subpart.

(4) An owner or operator of a miscellaneous metal

parts and products coating unit subject to this section and

complying with paragraph (e) of this section by the use of

control devices shall comply with the testing, reporting,

and recordkeeping requirements in § XX.3002(e) of this

subpart. 
-107­

§ XX.3021 Coating of Flat Wood Paneling.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any flat wood paneling

coating line. 

(2) This section does not apply to: 

(i) Any flat wood paneling coating line within any

facility whose actual emissions without control devices from

all flat wood paneling coating lines within the facility are

less than 6.8 kilograms (kg) (15 pounds [lb]) of volatile

organic compounds (VOC's) per day.

(ii) Class I hardboard paneling finishes, particle

board used in furniture, insulation board, exterior siding,

tileboard, and softwood plywood coating lines.

(3) An owner or operator of a facility whose emissions

are below the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2)(i)

of this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section. 

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this

section will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(5) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold
-108­

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Class I hardboard paneling finish" means finishes that

meet the specifications for Class I of Voluntary Product

Standard PS-59-73 as approved by the American National

Standards Institute.

"Class II hardboard paneling finish" means finishes

that meet the specifications for Class II of Voluntary

Product Standard PS-59-73 as approved by the American

National Standards Institute.

"Flat wood paneling coating line" means a coating line

used to apply and dry or cure coatings applied to one of the

following flat wood paneling product categories: printed

interior panels made of hardwood plywood and thin particle

board (i.e., less than or equal to 0.64 centimeter (cm)

(0.25 inch [in.]) in thickness); natural finish hardwood

plywood panels; and hardwood paneling with Class II

finishes. 

"Hardboard" is a panel manufactured primarily from

inter-felted ligno-cellulosic fibers that are consolidated

under heat and pressure in a hot press.
-109-

"Hardwood plywood" is plywood whose surface layer is a

veneer of hardwood.

"Natural finish hardwood plywood panels" means panels

whose original grain pattern is enhanced by essentially

transparent finishes frequently supplemented by fillers and

toners.

"Printed interior panels" means panels whose grain or

natural surface is obscured by fillers and basecoats upon

which a simulated grain or decorative pattern is printed.

"Thin particleboard" is a manufactured board that is

0.64 cm (0.25 in.) or less in thickness made of individual

wood particles that have been coated with a binder and

formed into flat sheets by pressure.

"Tileboard" means paneling that has a colored,

waterproof surface coating. 

(c) Standards.

(1) No owner or operator of a flat wood paneling

coating line subject to this section shall cause or allow,

on any day, VOC emissions from the coating of any one of the

following flat wood paneling product categories in excess of

the emission limits in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (iii) of

this section:
-110­

Flat wood paneling product category kg/100 m2a lb/1,000 ft2a 

(i) Printed interior panels 2.9 6.0 

(ii) Natural finish hardwood 5.8 12.0 

plywood panels 

(iii) Class II finish on 4.8 10.0 

hardboard panels 

aVOC emission limits are expressed in units of mass of VOC 

(kg, lb) per area of coated finished product (100

square meters [m2], 1,000 square feet [ft2]).

(2) As an alternative to compliance with the emission

limits in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an owner or

operator of a flat wood paneling coating line may meet the

requirements of paragraph (e) of this section.

(d) [Reserved] 

(e) Control devices. 

(1) An owner or operator of a flat wood paneling 

coating line subject to this section may comply with this

section by:

(i) Installing and operating a capture system on that

line.

(ii) Installing and operating a control device on that

line. 

(iii) Determining for each day the overall emission

reduction efficiency needed to demonstrate compliance. The

overall emission reduction needed for a day is the lesser of

the value calculated according to the procedure in paragraph

(f)(2) of this section for that day or 95 percent.
-111-

(iv) Demonstrating each day that the overall emission

reduction efficiency achieved for that day, as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart, is greater than or equal to

the overall emission reduction efficiency required for that

day.

(2) An owner or operator of a flat wood paneling

coating line subject to this section shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the line is in operation, and the owner or

operator demonstrates compliance with this section through

the applicable coating analysis and capture system and

control device efficiency test methods specified in 

§§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f)(1) Test methods. The test methods found in this

paragraph and in §§ XX.3080, XX.3081, and XX.3083 of this

subpart shall be used to determine compliance. 

(2) Overall emission reduction efficiency for control

systems. The required overall emission reduction efficiency
-112­

of the control system for the day shall be calculated

according to the following equation:

where: 

E = The required overall emission reduction 

efficiency of the control system for the day. 

VOCa = The maximum VOC content of the coatings, as 

applied, used each day on a coating line in units 

of kg VOC/100 m2 of coated finished product 

(lb VOC/1,000 ft2), as determined by the 

applicable test methods and procedures specified 

in § XX.3081 of this subpart. 

S = VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/100 m2 

of coated finished product (lb VOC/1,000 ft2). 

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting. 

(1) Requirements for coating sources exempt from 

emission limitations. An owner or operator of a flat wood

paneling coating line that is exempt from the emission

limitations of paragraph (c) of this section because

combined VOC emissions on any day from all flat wood

paneling coating lines at the facility are below the

applicability threshold specified in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of

this section, before the application of capture systems and

control devices, shall comply with the following: 
-113-

(i) Certification. By {insert date 1 year from

promulgation of final rule}, the owner or operator of a

facility referenced in paragraph (g)(1) of this section

shall certify to the Administrator that the facility is

exempt by providing the following: 

(A) The name and location of the facility.

(B) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.

(C) A declaration that the facility is exempt from the

emission limitations of paragraph (c) of this section

because combined VOC emissions on any day from all flat wood

paneling coating lines at the facility are below the

applicability threshold before the application of capture

systems and control devices. The following equation shall

be used to calculate total VOC emissions for that day:

where:

T = Total VOC emissions from coating lines at the

facility for each category of flat wood paneling

(as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this

section) before the application of capture

systems and control devices in units of kg

VOC/day (lb VOC/day).
-114­

n = Number of different coatings applied on each 

coating line at the facility. 

i = Subscript denoting an individual coating. 

C = Mass of VOC per area of coated finished product 

in units of kg VOC/100 m2 (lb VOC/1,000 ft2). 

D = The surface area coated at the facility each day 

in units of m2/day (ft2/day). 

a = Constant = 100 m2 if using metric units.

 = 1,000 ft2 if using English units. 

(ii) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year 

after date of promulgation of final rule}, the owner or

operator of a facility referenced in paragraph (g)(1) of

this section shall collect and record all of the following

information each day and maintain the information at the

facility for a period of 5 years:

(A) The name and identification number of each

coating, as applied, used to coat each type of flat wood

paneling product. 

(B) The volume of coating (i) (excluding water and

exempt compounds), as applied, used each day to coat each

type of flat wood paneling product (specified in paragraph

(c)(1) of the section), and the surface area coated each day

of each type of flat wood paneling product.

(C) The total VOC emissions at the facility, as

calculated using the equation under paragraph (g)(1)(i)(C)

of this section.
-115-

(iii) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after promulgation of the final rule}, the owner or operator

of a facility referenced in paragraph (g)(1) of this section

shall notify the Administrator of any record showing that

combined VOC emissions from all coating lines at the coating

facility exceed 6.8 kg (15 lb) on any day, before the

application of capture systems and control devices. A copy

of such record shall be sent to the Administrator within

30 calendar days after the exceedance occurs.

(2) Requirements for coating sources using complying

coatings. An owner or operator of a flat wood paneling

coating line subject to this section and complying with

paragraph (c) of this section by means of the use of

complying coatings shall comply with the following:

(i) Certification. By {insert date 1 year after date

of promulgation of final rule}, or upon startup of a new

coating line, or upon changing the method of compliance for

an existing coating line from control devices to the use of

complying coatings, the owner or operator of a coating line

referenced in paragraph (g)(2) of this section shall certify

to the Administrator that the coating line is or will be in

compliance with the requirements of the applicable section

of this subpart on and after {insert date 1 year after date

of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after the initial

startup date. Such certification shall include:

(A) The name and location of the facility.
-116-

(B) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.

(C) Identification of subject sources.

(D) The name and identification number of each

coating, as applied, used to coat each type of flat wood

paneling product.

(E) The mass of VOC per area of coated finished

product for each type of flat wood paneling product

(specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section) in terms of

2 2 kg VOC/100 m (lb VOC/1,000 ft ) and the surface area coated

each day of each type of flat wood paneling product.

(ii) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after

the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a coating

line referenced in paragraph (g)(2) of this section and

complying by the use of complying coatings shall collect and

record all of the following information each day for each

coating line and maintain the information at the facility

for a period of 5 years:

(A) The name and identification number of each

coating, as applied, used to coat each type of flat wood

paneling product.

(B) The mass of VOC per area of coated finished

product for each type of flat wood paneling product

(specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section) for each

2 coating used each day in terms of kg VOC/100 m (lb
-117-

VOC/1,000 ft2) and the surface area coated each day of each

type of flat wood paneling product.

(iii) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, the owner or

operator of a flat wood paneling coating line referenced in

paragraph (g)(2) of this section shall notify the

Administrator in either of the following instances:

(A) Any record showing use of any noncomplying

coatings shall be reported by sending a copy of such record

to the Administrator within 30 calendar days following that

use. 

(B) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance from the use of complying coatings to

control devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all

requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(i) of this section. Upon

changing the method of compliance from the use of complying

coatings to control devices, the owner or operator shall

comply with all requirements of the section applicable to

the coating line referenced in paragraph (g)(3) of this

section.

(3) Requirements for coating sources using control

devices. Any owner or operator of a flat wood paneling

coating line subject to this section and complying with

paragraph (c) of this section by the use of control devices

shall comply with the following:
-118-

(i) Testing of control equipment. By {insert date 1

year after date of promulgation of final rule}, or upon

startup of a new coating line, or upon changing the method

of compliance for an existing coating line from the use of

complying coatings to control devices, the owner or operator

of the subject coating line shall perform a compliance test. 

Testing shall be performed pursuant to the procedures in

§§ XX.3080, XX.3081, and XX.3083 of this subpart and

paragraph (f) of this section. The owner or operator of the

subject coating line shall submit to the Administrator the

results of all tests and calculations necessary to

demonstrate that the subject coating line is or will be in

compliance with the applicable section of this subpart on

and after {insert date 1 year after date of promulgation of

final rule}, or on and after the initial startup date.

(ii) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, or on and after

the initial startup date, the owner or operator of a coating

line referenced in paragraph (g)(3) of this section shall

collect and record all of the following information each day

for each coating line and maintain the information at the

facility for a period of 5 years:

(A) The name and identification number of each

coating used on each coating line, as applied, used to coat

each type of flat wood paneling product. 
-119-

(B) The mass of VOC per area of coated finished

product for each type of flat wood paneling product

(specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section) in terms of

2 2 kg VOC/100 m (lb VOC/1,000 ft ), and the surface area

coated each day of each type of flat wood paneling product.

(C) The maximum VOC content of the coatings, as

applied, used each day (mass of VOC per area of coated

2 finished product in terms of kg VOC/100 m [lb

2 VOC/1,000 ft ]). 

(D) The required overall emission reduction

efficiency for each day for each coating line as determined

in paragraph (f)(2) of this section. 

(E) The actual overall emission reduction efficiency

achieved for each day for each coating line as determined in

§ XX.3083(c) of this subpart.

(F) Control device monitoring data.

(G) A log of operating time for the capture system,

control device, monitoring equipment, and the associated

coating line.

(H) A maintenance log for the capture system, control

device, and monitoring equipment detailing all routine and

nonroutine maintenance performed including dates and

duration of any outages.

(I) For thermal incinerators, all 3-hour periods of

operation in which the average combustion temperature was

more than 28°C (50°F) below the average combustion
-120­

temperature during the most recent performance test that

demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.

(J) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods of

operation in which the average temperature of the process

vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed is more than

28°C (50°F) below the average temperature of the process

vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed during the

most recent performance test that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(K) For carbon adsorbers, all 3-hour periods of

operation during which either the average VOC concentration

or the reading of organics in the exhaust gases is more than

20 percent greater than the average exhaust gas

concentration or reading measured by the organics monitoring

device during the most recent determination of the recovery

efficiency of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(iii) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after date of promulgation of final rule}, the owner or

operator of a subject coating line referenced in

paragraph (g)(3) of this section shall notify the

Administrator in the following instances:

(A) Any record showing noncompliance with the

applicable requirements for control devices shall be

reported by sending a copy of the record to the
-121­

Administrator within 30 calendar days following the

occurrence.

(B) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance from control devices to the use of

complying coatings, the owner or operator shall comply with

all requirements of paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section. 

Upon changing the method of compliance from control devices

to the use of complying coatings, the owner or operator

shall comply with all requirements of the section applicable

to the coating line referenced in paragraph (g)(2) of this

section.
-122­

§ XX.3022 Bulk Gasoline Plants.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to all unloading, loading,

and storage operations at bulk gasoline plants and to any

gasoline tank truck delivering or receiving gasoline at a

bulk gasoline plant.

(2) The following are subject only to the

requirements of paragraphs (c)(3)(vii), (viii), and (ix) of

this section:

(i) Any stationary storage tank of 2,082 liters (L)

(550 gallons [gal]) capacity or less notwithstanding

§ XX.3006 of this subpart.

(ii) Any bulk gasoline plant with an average daily

throughput of gasoline of less than 15,000 L (4,000 gal) on

a 30-day rolling average provided that records are

maintained according to the requirements in paragraph (e)(1)

of this section. Any plant that becomes or is currently

subject to all of the provisions of this section by

exceeding this applicability threshold will remain subject

to these provisions even if its throughput later falls below

the applicability threshold. Any facility that is currently

subject to a State or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to

the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an

applicability threshold is and will remain subject to these

provisions, even if its throughput or emissions have fallen

or later fall below the applicability threshold.
-123-

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

(c) Standards.

(1) Each bulk gasoline plant subject to this section

shall be equipped with a vapor balance system between the

gasoline storage tank and the incoming gasoline tank truck

designed to capture and transfer vapors displaced during

filling of the gasoline storage tank. These lines shall be

equipped with fittings that are vapor-tight and that

automatically and immediately close upon disconnection.

(2) Each bulk gasoline plant subject to this section

shall be equipped with a vapor balance system between the

gasoline storage tank and the outgoing gasoline tank truck

designed to capture and transfer vapors displaced during the

loading of the gasoline tank truck. The vapor balance

system shall be designed to prevent any vapors collected at

one loading rack from passing to another loading rack.

(3) Each owner or operator of a bulk gasoline plant

subject to this section shall act to ensure that the

procedures in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) through (c)(3)(ix) of

this section are followed during all loading, unloading, and

storage operations:

(i) The vapor balance system required by

paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section shall be
-124­

connected between the tank truck and storage tank during all

gasoline transfer operations.

(ii) All storage tank openings, including inspection

hatches and gauging and sampling devices, shall be vaportight when not in use.

(iii) The gasoline tank truck compartment hatch

covers shall not be opened during product transfer.

(iv) All vapor balance systems shall be designed and

operated at all times to prevent gauge pressure in the

gasoline tank truck from exceeding 450 millimeters (mm) (18

inches [in.]) of water and vacuum from exceeding 150 mm (5.9

in.) of water during product transfers.

(v) No pressure vacuum relief valve in the bulk

gasoline plant vapor balance system shall begin to open at a

system pressure of less than 450 mm (18 in.) of water or at

a vacuum of less than 150 mm (5.9 in.) of water. 

(vi) All product transfers involving gasoline tank

trucks at bulk gasoline plants subject to this section shall

be limited to vapor-tight gasoline tank trucks.

(vii) Filling of storage tanks shall be restricted to

submerged fill.

(viii) Loading of outgoing gasoline tank trucks shall

be limited to submerged fill.

(ix) Owners or operators of bulk gasoline plants or

owners or operators of tank trucks shall observe all parts
-125­

of the transfer and shall discontinue transfer if any vapor

or liquid leaks are observed.

(4) Each calendar month, the vapor balance systems

described in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section

and each loading rack that loads gasoline tank trucks shall

be inspected for liquid or vapor leaks during product

transfer operations. For purposes of this paragraph,

detection methods incorporating sight, sound, or smell are

acceptable. Each leak that is detected shall be repaired

within 15 calendar days after it is detected.

(d) Compliance provisions. A pressure measurement

device (liquid manometer, magnehelic gauge, or equivalent

instrument) capable of measuring 500 mm (20 in.) of water

gauge pressure within a ±2.5 mm (0.098 in.) of water

precision, shall be calibrated and installed on the bulk

gasoline plant vapor balance system at a pressure tap,

located as close as possible to the connection with the

gasoline tank truck, to allow determination of compliance

with paragraph (c)(3)(iv) of this section.

(e) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a

facility subject to this subpart shall maintain the

following records in a readily accessible location for at

least 5 years and shall immediately make these records

available to the Administrator upon verbal or written

request.
-126-

(1) All bulk gasoline plants subject to this section

shall maintain daily records showing the quantity of all

gasoline loaded into gasoline tank trucks.

(2) A record of each monthly leak inspection required

under paragraph (c)(4) of this section shall be kept on file

at the plant. Inspection records shall include, at a

minimum, the following information:

(i) Date of inspection.

(ii) Findings (may indicate no leaks discovered or

location, nature, and severity of each leak).

(iii) Leak determination method.

(iv) Corrective action (date each leak repaired and

reasons for any repair interval in excess of 15 calendar

days).

(v) Inspector name and signature.

(f) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-127­

§ XX.3023 Bulk Gasoline Terminals. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to the total of all the 

loading racks at any bulk gasoline terminal that deliver

liquid product into gasoline tank trucks.

(2) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

throughput specified in the definition of bulk gasoline

terminal in § XX.3000 of this subpart will remain subject to

these provisions even if its throughput later falls below

the applicability threshold. Any facility that is currently

subject to a State or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to

the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an

applicability threshold is and will remain subject to these

provisions, even if its throughput or emissions have fallen

or later fall below the applicability threshold.

(b) Standards for loading racks at bulk gasoline

terminals.

(1) All the loading racks at a bulk gasoline terminal

subject to this section shall be equipped with a vapor

collection system designed to collect the organic compound

liquids or vapors displaced from gasoline tank trucks during

product loading.

(2) Each vapor collection system shall be designed to

prevent any VOC vapors collected at one loading rack from

passing to another loading rack.
-128-

(3) Loadings of liquid product into gasoline tank

trucks shall be limited to vapor-tight gasoline tank trucks

using the following procedures:

(i) The owner or operator shall obtain the vapor

tightness documentation described in paragraphs (d)(1) and

(d)(2) of this section for each gasoline tank truck that is

to be loaded at the loading racks subject to this section.

(ii) The owner or operator shall require the tank

identification number to be recorded as each gasoline tank

truck is loaded at the terminal.

(iii) The owner or operator shall cross-check each

tank identification number obtained in paragraph (b)(3)(ii)

of this section with the file of tank vapor tightness

documentation within 2 weeks after the corresponding tank is

loaded.

(iv) The terminal owner or operator shall notify the

owner or operator of each non-vapor-tight gasoline tank

truck loaded at the loading racks subject to this section

that the tank truck is not vapor-tight within 3 weeks after

the loading has occurred.

(v) The terminal owner or operator shall take steps

to assure that the non-vapor-tight gasoline tank truck will

not be reloaded at a loading rack subject to this section

until vapor tightness documentation for that tank truck is

obtained.
-129-

(4) The terminal owner or operator shall act to

ensure that loadings of gasoline tank trucks at the loading

racks subject to this section are made only into tank trucks

equipped with vapor collection equipment that is compatible

with the terminal's vapor collection system.

(5) The terminal owner or operator shall act to

ensure that the terminal's and the tank truck's vapor

collection systems are connected during each loading of a

gasoline tank truck at the loading racks subject to this

section. 

(6) The vapor collection and liquid loading equipment

shall be designed and operated to prevent gauge pressure in

the gasoline tank truck from exceeding 4,500 Pascals (Pa)

(450 millimeters [mm] of water) during product loading. 

This level shall not be exceeded when measured by the

procedures specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.

(7) No pressure-vacuum vent in the bulk gasoline

terminal's vapor collection system shall begin to open at a

system pressure less than 4,500 Pa (450 mm of water).

(8) Each calendar month, the vapor collection system,

the vapor control system, and each loading rack that loads

gasoline tank trucks shall be inspected for total organic

compounds liquid or vapor leaks during product transfer

operations. For purposes of this paragraph, detection

methods incorporating sight, sound, or smell are acceptable. 

Each detection of a leak shall be recorded and the source of
-130­

the leak repaired within 15 calendar days after it is

detected.

(9) The total organic compound emissions to the

atmosphere from the vapor collection system due to the

loading of liquid product into gasoline tank trucks shall

not exceed 80 milligrams per liter (mg/L) (4.7 grains per

gallon [grain/gal]) of gasoline loaded.

(10) Loading of gasoline tank trucks shall be

restricted to the use of submerged fill.

(c) Test methods and procedures.

(1) In determining compliance with paragraph (b)(6)

of this section, the following procedures shall be used:

(i) Calibrate and install a pressure measurement

device (liquid manometer or equivalent instrument) capable

of measuring up to 500 millimeters (mm) (20 inches [in.]) of

water gauge pressure with ±2.5 mm (0.098 in.) of water

precision.

(ii) Connect the pressure measurement device to a

pressure tap in the terminal's vapor collection system,

located as close as possible to the connection with the

gasoline tank truck.

(iii) During the performance test, record the

pressure every 5 minutes (min) while a gasoline tank truck

is being loaded, and record the highest instantaneous

pressure that occurs during each loading. Every loading
-131­

position shall be tested at least once during the

performance test.

(2) In determining compliance with the mass emission

limitation of paragraph (b)(9) of this section, the

following reference methods shall be used:

(i) In determining volume at the exhaust vent: 

(A) Method 2B for combustion vapor control systems. 

(B) Method 2A for all other vapor control systems. 

(ii) In determining total organic compounds

concentration at the exhaust vent, Method 25A or 25B. The

calibration gas shall be either propane or butane.

(3) Immediately prior to a performance test required

to determine compliance with paragraphs (b)(6) and (b)(9) of

this section, all potential sources of vapor and liquid

leakage from the terminal's vapor collection system

equipment shall be monitored for leaks according to the

procedures in § XX.3085 of this subpart. The monitoring

shall be conducted only while a gasoline tank truck is being

loaded. A reading of 10,000 parts per million by volume

(ppmv) or greater as methane shall be considered a leak. 

All leaks shall be repaired prior to conducting the

performance test.

(4) The test procedure for determining compliance

with paragraphs (b)(6) and (b)(9) of this section is as

follows:
-132-

(i) All testing equipment shall be prepared and

installed as specified in the appropriate test methods.

(ii) The time period for a performance test shall be

not less than 6 hours, during which at least 300,000 L

(80,000 gal) of gasoline are loaded. If the throughput

criterion is not met during the initial 6 hours, the test

may be either continued until the throughput criterion is

met, or resumed the next day with another complete 6 hours

of testing. As much as possible, testing should be

conducted during the 6-hour period in which the highest

throughput normally occurs.

(iii) For intermittent vapor control systems:

(A) The vapor holder level shall be recorded at the

start of the performance test. The end of the performance

test shall coincide with a time when the vapor holder is at

its original level.

(B) At least two startups and shutdowns of the vapor

processor shall occur during the performance test. If this

does not occur under automatically controlled operation, the

system shall be manually controlled.

(iv) The volume of gasoline dispensed during the

performance test period at all loading racks whose vapor

emissions are controlled by the vapor processing system

being tested shall be determined. This volume may be

determined from terminal records or from gasoline dispensing

meters at each loading rack.
-133-

(v) An emission testing interval shall consist of

each 5-minute period during the performance test. For each

interval:

(A) The reading from each measurement instrument

shall be recorded.

(B) The volume exhausted and the average total

organic compounds concentration in the exhaust vent shall be

determined, as specified in the appropriate test method. 

The average total organic compounds concentration shall

correspond to the volume measurement by taking into account

the sampling system response time.

(vi) The mass emitted during each testing interval

shall be calculated as follows:

where: 

Mei = Mass of total organic compounds (milligrams [mg]) 

emitted during testing interval i. 

Ves = Volume of air-vapor mixture exhausted (cubic 

meters [m3]), at standard conditions. 

Ce = Total organic compounds concentration (measured 

as carbon) at the exhaust vent (ppmv). 

K = Density of calibration gas (milligrams/cubic 

meter [mg/m3]) at standard conditions. 

= 1.83x106 for propane. 

= 2.41x106 for butane. 
-134­

s = Standard conditions, 20°C and 760 millimeters of

mercury (mm Hg).

(vii) The total organic compounds mass emissions shall

be calibrated as follows:

where: 

E = Mass of total organic compounds emitted per 

volume of gasoline loaded, mg/L. 

Mei = Mass of total organic compounds emitted during 

testing interval i, mg. 

L = Total volume of gasoline loaded, L. 

n = Number of testing intervals. 

(5) The owner or operator may adjust the emission 

results to exclude the methane and ethane content in the

exhaust vent by any method approved by the Administrator.

(d) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a

facility subject to the requirements of this section shall

maintain the following records in a readily accessible

location for at least 5 years and shall make these records

available to the Administrator upon verbal or written

request.

(1) The tank truck vapor tightness documentation

required under paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall be
-135­

kept on file at the terminal in a permanent form available

for inspection.

(2) The documentation file for each gasoline tank

truck shall be updated at least once per year to reflect

current test results as determined by Method 27. This

documentation shall include, at a minimum, the following

information:

(i) Test title: Gasoline Delivery Tank Pressure 

Test--EPA Reference Method 27.

(ii) Tank owner and address.

(iii) Tank identification number.

(iv) Testing location.

(v) Date of test.

(vi) Tester name and signature.

(vii) Witnessing inspector, if any: Name, signature,

and affiliation. 

(viii) Test results: Actual pressure change in

5 min, recorded in mm of water (average for two runs).

(3) A record of each monthly leak inspection required

under paragraph (b)(8) of this section shall be kept on file

at the terminal. Inspection records shall include, at a

minimum, the following information:

(i) Date of inspection.

(ii) Findings (may indicate no leaks discovered or

location, nature, and severity of each leak).

(iii) Leak determination method.
-136-

(iv) Corrective action (date each leak repaired,

reasons for any repair interval in excess of 15 calendar

days).

(v) Inspector name and signature.

(4) The terminal owner or operator shall keep

documentation of all notifications required under

paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section on file at the

terminal.

(5) Daily records shall be maintained of gasoline

throughput.

(e) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-137­

§ XX.3024 Gasoline Dispensing Facility--Stage I Vapor 

Recovery. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to any gasoline dispensing 

facility and the appurtenant equipment necessary to a

gasoline dispensing facility. 

(2) The following are subject only to

paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section:

(i) Any transfer made to a gasoline dispensing

facility storage tank that is equipped with a floating roof

or its equivalent that has been approved by the

Administrator as part of a State implementation plan (SIP)

or Federal implementation plan (FIP) revision. 

(ii) Any stationary gasoline storage tank with a

capacity that is less than 2,080 liters (L) (550 gallons

[gal]) that is used exclusively for the fueling of

implements of husbandry.

(iii) Any stationary gasoline storage tank with a

capacity of less than 7,600 L (2,000 gal) that was

constructed prior to January 1, 1979. 

(iv) Any stationary gasoline storage tank with a

capacity of less than 950 L (250 gal) that was constructed

after December 31, 1978.

(3) Any gasoline dispensing facility with a 30-day

rolling average throughput of less than 38,000 L

(10,000 gal) is subject only to the provisions of
-138­

paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (c) of this section. Any gasoline

dispensing facility that ever exceeds this applicability

threshold shall be subject to all of the provisions of this

section and shall remain subject to these provisions even if

its throughput later falls below the threshold.

(b) Standards.

(1) The owner or operator of each gasoline dispensing

facility subject to this section shall comply with the

following requirements:

(i) All gasoline storage tanks at gasoline dispensing

facilities shall be loaded by submerged fill.

(ii) All vapor lines on the storage tank shall be

equipped with closures that seal upon disconnect.

(iii) A vapor balance system shall be installed with

a vapor-tight line from the gasoline storage tank to the

gasoline tank truck. The system shall be designed such that

the gauge pressure in the gasoline tank truck does not

exceed 450 millimeters (mm) (18 inches [in.]) of water

pressure or 150 mm (5.9 in.) of water vacuum during product

transfer.

(iv) If a gauge well separate from the fill tube is

used, it shall be provided with a submerged drop tube that

extends to within 150 mm (5.9 in.) of the gasoline storage

vessel bottom.

(v) Liquid fill connections for all systems shall be

equipped with vapor tight caps.
-139-

(2) The owner or operator of a gasoline tank truck

shall not unload gasoline to a gasoline storage tank at a

gasoline dispensing facility subject to this section unless

the following conditions are met:

(i) All hoses in the vapor balance system are

properly connected.

(ii) The adapters or couplers that attach to the

vapor line on the underground storage vessel have closures

that seal upon disconnect.

(iii) All vapor return hoses, couplers, and adapters

used in the gasoline delivery are vapor-tight.

(iv) All tank truck vapor return equipment is

compatible with the vapor balance equipment installed on the

gasoline dispensing facility storage tank.

(v) All hatches on the gasoline tank truck are closed

and securely fastened.

(vi) The filling of storage tanks at gasoline

dispensing facilities is limited to unloading by vapor-tight

gasoline tank trucks. Documentation that the gasoline tank

truck has met the specifications of Method 27 of 40 CFR

Part 60, Appendix A, shall be carried on the tank truck. 

This documentation shall include all of the information

required under 40 CFR 60.505. In addition, test results

shall be included for both the pressure and vacuum tests.

(c) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of each

gasoline dispensing facility subject to this section shall
-140­

maintain daily records showing the quantity of all gasoline

delivered to the site. These records shall be retained for

at least 5 years in a readily accessible location and shall

be made available to the Administrator immediately upon

verbal or written request. 

(d) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-141­

§ XX.3025 Gasoline Tank Trucks. 

(a) Applicability. This section applies to any

gasoline tank truck equipped for gasoline vapor collection. 

No exemptions are allowable based on number of gasoline tank

trucks or total quantity of volatile organic compound (VOC)

emissions. 

(b) Standards. Each owner or operator of a gasoline

tank truck subject to this section shall ensure that the

gasoline tank truck: 

(1) Is a vapor-tight gasoline tank truck as

demonstrated by Method 27 of Appendix A of 40 CFR Part 60.

(2) Displays a sticker near the Department of

Transportation Certification plate required by 49 CFR

178.340-10b, that:

(i) Shows the date that the gasoline tank truck last

passed the test required in paragraph (b)(1) of this

section. 

(ii) Shows the identification number of the truck 

tank. 

(iii) Expires not more than 1 year after the date of 

the Method 27 test.

(3) Is maintained with hatches closed at all times

except during measurement of product level or maintenance. 

Measurement of product level or maintenance shall not be

performed during product loading or unloading.
-142-

(4) Is connected to vapor recovery equipment during

loading and unloading.

(c) Monitoring gasoline tank trucks for vapor

tightness.

(1) The Administrator may, at any time, monitor a

gasoline tank truck by the method referenced in

paragraph (c)(2) to confirm continuing compliance with this

section.

(2) Monitoring to confirm the continuing existence of

vapor-tight conditions shall be performed according to the

procedures described in Appendix B of the OAQPS Guideline

Series document, "Control of Organic Compound Leaks from

Gasoline Tank Trucks and Vapor Collection Systems,"

EPA-450/2-78-051.

(d) Test methods and procedures. The procedures in

Method 27, 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be used to

determine compliance with paragraph (b)(1) of this section. 

(e) Recordkeeping and reporting requirements. 

(1) The owner or operator of a gasoline tank truck

subject to this section shall maintain records of all

certification, testing, and repairs. The records shall

identify the gasoline tank truck, the date of the tests or

repair, and, if applicable, the type of repair and the date

of retest. The records shall be maintained in a legible,

readily available condition for at least 5 years after the

date the testing or repair is completed. These records
-143­

shall be made available to the Administrator immediately

upon written or verbal request.

(2) The records required by paragraph (e)(1) of this

section shall, at a minimum, contain:

(i) The gasoline tank truck vessel tank

identification number.

(ii) The initial test pressure and the time of the

reading.

(iii) The final test pressure and the time of the

reading.

(iv) The initial test vacuum and the time of the

reading.

(v) The final test vacuum and the time of the

reading.

(vi) At the top of each report page, the company name

and the date and location of the tests on that page.

(vii) The name and the title of person conducting the

test.

(3) The owner or operator of a gasoline tank truck

subject to this section shall certify and report to the

Administrator annually that the gasoline tank truck has been

tested by Method 27 as specified in paragraph (d) of this

section. The certification shall include:

(i) The name and address of the company and the name

and telephone number of the responsible company
-144­

representative under whose signature the certification is

submitted.

(ii) A copy of the information recorded to comply

with paragraph (e)(2) of this section.

(4) Copies of all records and reports under this

section shall immediately be made available to the

Administrator upon verbal or written request.
-145­

§ XX.3026 Petroleum Refinery Sources. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to any vacuum-producing 

system, wastewater separator, and process unit turnaround at

petroleum refinery sources. No exemptions are allowable

based on size or throughput of a facility. 

(2) This section does not apply to segregated storm

water runoff drain systems or to noncontact cooling water

systems. 

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Accumulator" means the reservoir of a condensing unit

receiving the condensate from the condenser.

"Firebox" means the chamber or compartment of a boiler

or furnace in which materials are burned but does not mean

the combustion chamber of an incinerator.

"Forebays" means the primary sections of a wastewater

separator.

"Hot well" means the reservoir of a condensing unit

receiving the warm condensate from the condenser.

"Refinery process unit" means any segment of the

petroleum refinery in which a specific processing operation

is conducted.
-146-

"Refinery fuel gas" means any gas that is generated by

a petroleum refinery process unit and that is combusted,

including any gaseous mixture of natural gas and fuel gas.

"Turnaround" means the procedure of shutting a

refinery unit down after a run to perform necessary

maintenance and repair work and then returning the unit to

operation.

"Vacuum-producing system" means any reciprocating,

rotary, or centrifugal blower or compressor, or any jet

ejector or device that takes suction from a pressure below

atmospheric pressure and discharges against atmospheric

pressure.

"Wastewater (oil/water) separator" means any device or

piece of equipment that utilizes the difference in density

between oil and water to remove oil and associated chemicals

from water, or any device, such as a flocculation tank,

clarifier, etc., that removes petroleum-derived compounds

from wastewater.

(c) Standards.

(1) Vacuum-producing systems. No person shall permit

the emission of any uncondensed volatile organic compound

(VOC) from the condensers, hot wells, or accumulators of any

vacuum producing system at a petroleum refinery. The

standard shall be achieved by either of the following:

(i) Piping the uncondensed vapors to a firebox or

incinerator.
-147-

(ii) Compressing the vapors and adding them to the

refinery fuel gas.

(2) Wastewater separators. The owner or operator of

any wastewater (oil/water) separator at a petroleum refinery

shall:

(i) Provide covers and seals on all separators and

forebays.

(ii) Equip all openings in covers, separators, and

forebays with lids or seals and keep the lids or seals in

the closed position at all times except when in actual use.

(3) Process unit turnarounds. The owner or operator

of a petroleum refinery shall provide for the following

during process unit turnaround: 

(i) Depressurization venting of the process unit or

vessel to a vapor recovery system, flare, or firebox.

(ii) No emission of VOC from a process unit or vessel

until its internal pressure is 136 kiloPascals (kPa)

(19.7 pounds per square inch atmospheric [psia]) or less.

(iii) Recordkeeping of the following items:

(A) Date of every process unit or vessel turnaround. 

(B) The internal pressure of the process unit or

vessel immediately prior to venting to the atmosphere.

(d) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a

petroleum refinery shall maintain the records required by

paragraph (c)(3)(iii) of this section in a readily

accessible location for at least 5 years and shall make
-148­

these records available to the Administrator upon verbal or

written request. 

(e) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-149­

§ XX.3027 Leaks from Petroleum Refinery Equipment. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to all equipment in volatile 

organic compound (VOC) service in any process unit at a

petroleum refinery, regardless of size or throughput.

(2) The requirements of paragraphs (d) through (h) of

this section do not apply to: 

(i) Any equipment in vacuum service. 

(ii) Any pressure relief valve that is connected to

an operating flare header or vapor recovery device.

(iii) Any liquid pump that has a dual mechanical pump

seal with a barrier fluid system.

(iv) Any compressor with a degassing vent that is

routed to an operating VOC control device.

(v) Pumps and valves in heavy liquid service except

that if evidence of a leak is found by visual, audible,

olfactory, or other detection method, the owner or operator

shall confirm the presence of a leak using the methods

specified in § XX.3085 of this subpart. If a leak is

confirmed, the owner or operator shall repair the leak as

specified in paragraph (g) of this section.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.
-150-

"[In] gas/vapor service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service contains process fluid that is in

the gaseous state at operating conditions.

"[In] heavy liquid service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service is not in gas/vapor service or not

in light liquid service.

"[In] light liquid service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service either (1) contains a liquid that

meets all of the conditions in definition A; or (2) meets

the condition specified in definition B:

Definition A--(1) the vapor pressure of one or more of

the components is greater than 0.3 kiloPascals (kPa) (0.044

inches of mercury [in. Hg]) at 20°C (68°F). Standard

reference tests or ASTM D-2879 shall be used to determine

the vapor pressures; (2) the total concentration of the pure

components having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kPa

(0.044 in. Hg) at 20°C (68°F) is equal to or greater than

20 percent by weight; and (3) the fluid is a liquid at

operating conditions.

Definition B--Equipment is "in light liquid service"

if the weight percent evaporated is greater than 10 percent

at 150°C as determined by ASTM D86.

"[In] vacuum service" means that the equipment in VOC

service is operating at an internal pressure that is at

least 5 kPa (0.73 in. Hg) below ambient pressure.
-151-

"[In] VOC service" means that the piece of equipment

contains or contacts a process fluid that is at least 10

percent VOC by weight. The provisions of paragraph (i)(2)

of this section specify how to determine that a piece of

equipment is not in VOC service.

"Process unit" means components assembled to produce

intermediate or final products from petroleum, unfinished

petroleum derivatives, or other intermediates; a process

unit can operate independently if supplied with sufficient

feed or raw materials and sufficient storage facilities for

the product.

(c) Standards: General. The owner or operator of a

petroleum refinery complex subject to this section shall

ensure that:

(1) Any open-ended line or valve is sealed with a

second valve, blind flange, cap, or plug except during

operations requiring process fluid flow through the openended line or valve.

(2) When a second valve is used, each open-ended line

or valve equipped with a second valve is operated in such a

manner that the valve on the process fluid end is closed

before the second valve is closed.

(3) When a double block-and-bleed system is used, the

bleed valve or line is open only during operations that

require venting of the line between the block valves and is

closed at all other times.
-152-

(d) Standards: Equipment inspection program. The

owner or operator of a petroleum refinery shall conduct the

equipment inspection program described in paragraphs (d)(1)

through (d)(3) of this section using the test methods

specified in § XX.3085 of this subpart.

(1) The owner or operator of a petroleum refinery

shall conduct quarterly monitoring of each:

(i) Compressor.

(ii) Pump in light liquid service.

(iii) Valve in light liquid service, except as

provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.

(iv) Valve in gas/vapor service, except as provided

in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.

(v) Pressure relief valve in gas/vapor service,

except as provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this

section.

(2) The owner or operator of a petroleum refinery

shall conduct a weekly visual inspection of each pump in

light liquid service. 

(3) The owner or operator of a petroleum refinery

shall monitor each pressure relief valve after each

overpressure relief to ensure that the valve has properly

reseated and is not leaking.

(4) When an instrument reading of 10,000 parts per

million (ppm) or greater is measured, it shall be determined

that a leak has been detected.
-153-

(5) If there are indications of liquid dripping from

the equipment, it shall be determined that a leak has been

detected.

(6) When a leak is detected, the owner or operator

shall affix a weatherproof, readily visible tag in a bright

color such as red or yellow bearing the equipment

identification number and the date on which the leak was

detected. This tag shall remain in place until the leaking

equipment is repaired. The requirements of this paragraph

apply to any leak detected by the equipment inspection

program and to any leak from any equipment that is detected

on the basis of sight, sound, or smell.

(e) Standards: Alternative standards for valves--

skip period leak detection and repair.

(1) An owner or operator shall comply initially with

the requirements for valves in gas/vapor service and valves

in light liquid service, as described in paragraph (d) of

this section.

(2) After two consecutive quarterly leak detection

periods with the percent of valves leaking equal or less

than 2.0, an owner or operator may begin to skip one of the

quarterly leak detection periods for the valves in gas/vapor

and light liquid service.

(3) After five consecutive quarterly leak detection

periods with the percent of valves leaking equal to or less

than 2.0, an owner or operator may begin to skip 3 of the
-154­

quarterly leak detection periods for the valves in gas/vapor

and light liquid service.

(4) If the percent of valves leaking is greater than

2.0, the owner or operator shall comply with the

requirements as described in paragraph (d) of this section

but can again elect to use the requirements in paragraph (e)

of this section.

(5) The percent of valves leaking shall be determined

by dividing the sum of valves found leaking during current

monitoring and valves for which repair has been delayed by

the total number of valves subject to the requirements of

this section.

(6) An owner or operator shall keep a record of the

percent of valves found leaking during each leak detection

period.

(f) Standards: Alternative standards for unsafe-tomonitor valves and difficult-to-monitor valves.

(1) Any valve that is designated, as described in

paragraph (j)(5)(i) of this section, as an unsafe-to-monitor

valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (d) if: 

(i) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates

that the valve is unsafe to monitor because monitoring

personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as a

consequence of complying with paragraph (d). 
-155-

(ii) The owner or operator of the valve adheres to a

written plan that requires monitoring of the valve as

frequently as practicable during safe-to-monitor times.

(2) Any valve that is designated, as described in

paragraph (j)(5)(i), as a difficult-to-monitor valve is

exempt from the requirements of paragraph (d) if:

(i) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates

that the valve cannot be monitored without elevating the

monitoring personnel more than 2 meters (m) (6.6 feet [ft])

above a support surface.

(ii) The owner or operator of the valve follows a

written plan that requires monitoring of the valve at least

once per calendar year.

(g) Standards: Equipment repair program. The owner

or operator of a petroleum refinery shall: 

(1) Make a first attempt at repair for any leak not

later than 5 calendar days after the leak is detected.

(2) Repair any leak as soon as practicable, but not

later than 15 calendar days after it is detected except as

provided in paragraph (h) of this section.

(h) Standards: Delay of repair. 

(1) Delay of repair of equipment for which a leak has

been detected is allowed if the repair is technically

infeasible without a process unit shutdown. Repair of such

equipment shall occur before the end of the next process

unit shutdown.
-156-

(2) Delay of repair of equipment is allowed for

equipment that is isolated from the process and that does

not remain in VOC service.

(3) Delay of repair beyond a process unit shutdown is

allowed for a valve, if valve assembly replacement is

necessary during the process unit shutdown, valve assembly

supplies have been depleted, and valve assembly supplies had

been sufficiently stocked before the supplies were depleted. 

Delay of repair beyond the next process unit shutdown is not

allowed unless the next process unit shutdown occurs sooner

than 6 months after the first process unit shutdown. 

(i) Test methods and procedures.

(1) In conducting the tests required to comply with

paragraph (d) of this section, the owner or operator shall

use the test methods specified in § XX.3085 of this subpart.

(2) The owner or operator shall test each piece of

equipment as required under paragraph (d) of this section

unless it is demonstrated that a process unit is not in VOC

service, i.e., that the VOC content would never be

reasonably expected to exceed 10 percent by weight. For

purposes of this demonstration, the following methods and

procedures shall be used:

(i) Procedures that conform to the general methods in

ASTM E260, E168, and E169 shall be used to determine the

percent VOC content in the process fluid that is contained

in or contacts a piece of equipment.
-157-

(ii) Where the test methods in paragraph (i)(2)(i)

also measure exempt compounds, these compounds may be

excluded from the total quantity of organic compounds in

determining the VOC content of the process fluid.

(iii) Engineering judgment may be used to estimate

the VOC content, if a piece of equipment had not been shown

previously to be in VOC service. If the Administrator

disagrees with the judgment, paragraphs (i)(2)(i) and

(i)(2)(ii) of this section shall be used to resolve the

disagreement.

(3) The owner or operator shall demonstrate that a

piece of equipment is in light liquid service by showing one

of the following:

(i) All of the following conditions apply:

(A) The vapor pressure of one or more of the

components is greater than 0.3 kPa at 20°C (0.09 in. Hg at

68°F); standard reference texts or ASTM D2879 shall be used

to determine the vapor pressures.

(B) The total concentration of the pure components

having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kPa at 20°C (0.09

in. Hg at 68°F) is equal to or greater than 20 percent by

weight.

(C) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions.

(ii) The percent VOC evaporated is greater than

10 percent at 150°C (302°F) as determined by ASTM D86.
-158-

(4) Samples used in conjunction with

paragraphs (i)(2) and (i)(3) of this section shall be

representative of the process fluid that is contained in or

contacts the equipment.

(j) Recordkeeping requirements. 

(1) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section shall comply with the recordkeeping

requirements of this section. Except as noted, these

records shall be maintained in a readily accessible location

for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to the

Administrator immediately upon verbal or written request.

(2) An owner or operator of more than one affected

facility subject to the provisions of this section may

comply with the recordkeeping requirements for these

facilities in one recordkeeping system if the system

identifies each record by each facility.

(3) When each leak is detected as specified in

paragraph (d) of this section, the following information

shall be recorded in a log and shall be kept for 5 years in

a readily accessible location:

(i) The instrument and operator identification

numbers and the equipment identification number.

(ii) The date the leak was detected and the dates of

each attempt to repair the leak.

(iii) The repair methods employed in each attempt to

repair the leak.
-159-

(iv) The notation "Above 10,000" if the maximum

instrument reading measured by the methods specified in

§ XX.3085 of this subpart after each repair attempt is equal

to or greater than 10,000 ppm.

(v) The notation "Repair delayed" and the reason for

the delay if a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days

after discovery of the leak.

(vi) The signature of the owner or operator (or

designate) whose decision it was that repair could not be

effected without a process shutdown.

(vii) The expected date of successful repair of the

leak if a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days.

(viii) The dates of process unit shutdowns that occur

while the equipment is unrepaired. 

(ix) The date of successful repair of the leak.

(4) A list of identification numbers of equipment in

vacuum service shall be recorded in a log that is kept in a

readily accessible location.

(5) The following information pertaining to all

valves subject to the requirements of paragraph (f) of this

section shall be recorded in a log that is kept for 5 years

in a readily accessible location:

(i) A list of identification numbers for valves that

are designated as unsafe to monitor, an explanation for each

valve stating why the valve is unsafe to monitor, and the

plan for monitoring each valve. 
-160-

(ii) A list of identification numbers for valves that

are designated as difficult to monitor, an explanation for

each valve stating why the valve is difficult to monitor,

and the schedule for monitoring each valve.

(6) The following information for valves complying

with paragraph (e) of this section shall be recorded in a

log that is kept for 5 years in a readily accessible

location:

(i) A schedule of monitoring.

(ii) The percent of valves found leaking during each

monitoring period as noted in paragraph (e)(6) of this

section.

(7) Information and data used to demonstrate that a

piece of equipment is not in VOC service shall be recorded

in a log that is kept for 5 years in a readily accessible

location for use in determining exemptions as provided in

paragraph (a) of this section.

(k) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-161­

§ XX.3028 Petroleum Liquid Storage in External Floating

Roof Tanks.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any petroleum liquid

storage tank that is equipped with an external floating roof

and that has a capacity greater than 150,000 liters (L)

(40,000 gallons [gal]). 

(2) This section does not apply to any petroleum

liquid storage tank that:

(i) Is used to store waxy, heavy-pour crude oil.

(ii) Has a capacity less than 1,600,000 L

(420,000 gal) and is used to store produced crude oil and

condensate prior to lease custody transfer.

(iii) Contains a petroleum liquid with a maximum true

vapor pressure less than 10.5 kiloPascals (kPa) (1.5 pounds

per square inch atmospheric [psia]) provided that records

are kept consistent with paragraph (e)(2) of this section.

(iv) Contains a petroleum liquid with a maximum true

vapor pressure less than 27.6 kPa (4.0 psia) that:

(A) Is of welded construction.

(B) Presently possesses a metallic-type shoe seal, a

liquid-mounted foam seal, a liquid-mounted liquid-filled

type seal, or other closure device of demonstrated

equivalence approved by the Administrator as part of a State

implementation plan (SIP) or Federal implementation plan

(FIP) revision.
-162-

(v) Is of welded construction, equipped with a

metallic-type shoe primary seal and has a secondary seal

from the top of the shoe seal to the tank wall (shoe-mounted

secondary seal).

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Liquid-mounted seal" means a primary seal mounted in

continuous contact with the liquid between the tank wall and

the floating roof around the circumference of the tank.

"Vapor-mounted seal" means a primary seal mounted so

there is an annular vapor space underneath the seal. The

annular vapor space is bounded by the bottom of the primary

seal, the tank wall, the liquid surface, and the floating

roof.

"Waxy, heavy-pour crude oil" means a crude oil with a

pour point of 10°C (50°F) or higher as determined by the

American Society for Testing and Materials Standard D97-66,

"Test for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils." 

(c) Standards. No owner of a petroleum liquid

storage vessel subject to this section shall store a

petroleum liquid in that tank unless:

(1) The tank has been fitted with one of the

following:

(i) A continuous secondary seal extending from the

floating roof to the tank wall (rim-mounted secondary seal).
-163-

(ii) A closure or other device that controls VOC

emissions with an effectiveness equal to or greater than a

seal required under paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section and

is approved by the Administrator as part of a SIP or FIP

revision. 

(2) All seal closure devices meet the following

requirements:

(i) There are no visible holes, tears, or other

openings in the seal(s) or seal fabric.

(ii) The seal(s) are intact and uniformly in place

around the circumference of the floating roof between the

floating roof and the tank wall.

(iii) For vapor-mounted primary seals, the

accumulated area of gaps exceeding 0.32 centimeter (cm)

(0.125 inch [in.]) in width between the secondary seal and

the tank wall shall not exceed 21.2 square centimeters per

meter (cm2/m) (1.0 square inch per foot [in.2/ft]) of tank

diameter, as determined by the method in paragraph (f) of

this section.

(3) All openings in the external floating roof,

except for automatic bleeder vents, rim space vents, and leg

sleeves, are equipped with:

(i) Covers, seals, or lids in the closed position

except when the openings are in actual use.

(ii) Projections into the tank that remain below the

liquid surface at all times. 
-164-

(4) Automatic bleeder vents are closed at all times

except when the roof is being floated off or being landed on

the roof leg supports. 

(5) Rim vents are set to open when the roof is being

floated off the leg supports or at the manufacturer's

recommended setting.

(6) Emergency roof drains are provided with slotted

membrane fabric covers or equivalent covers that cover at

least 90 percent of the area of the opening.

(d) Inspections.

The owner or operator of a petroleum liquid storage

tank with an external floating roof subject to this section

shall:

(1) Perform routine inspections semiannually in order

to ensure compliance with paragraph (c) of this section (the

inspections shall include a visual inspection of the

secondary seal gap).

(2) Measure the secondary seal gap annually in

accordance with paragraph (f) of this section when the

floating roof is equipped with a vapor-mounted primary seal.

(e) Recordkeeping.

(1) The owner or operator of any petroleum liquid

storage tank with an external floating roof subject to this

section shall maintain the following records in a readily

accessible location for at least 5 years and shall make
-165­

copies of the records available to the Administrator upon

verbal or written request: 

(i) Records of the types of volatile petroleum

liquids stored.

(ii) Records of the maximum true vapor pressure of

the liquid as stored.

(iii) Records of the results of the inspections

performed in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.

(2) The owner or operator of a petroleum liquid

storage vessel with an external floating roof exempted from

this section by paragraph (a)(2)(iii), but containing a

petroleum liquid with a true vapor pressure greater than

7.0 kPa (1.0 psia), shall maintain the following records in

a readily accessible location for at least 5 years and shall

make copies of the records available to the Administrator

upon verbal or written request:

(i) Records of the average monthly storage

temperature.

(ii) Records of the type of liquid stored.

(iii) Records of the maximum true vapor pressure for

all petroleum liquids with a true vapor pressure greater

than 7.0 kPa (1.0 psia).

(3) The Administrator may, upon written notice,

require more frequent inspections or modify the monitoring

and recordkeeping requirements, when necessary to accomplish

the purposes of this section.
-166-

(f) Compliance provisions. Compliance with

paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section shall be determined

by:

(1) Physically measuring the length and width of all

gaps around the entire circumference of the secondary seal

in each place where a 0.32 cm (0.125 in.) uniform diameter

probe passes freely (without forcing or binding against the

seal) between the seal and tank wall.

(2) Summing the area of the individual gaps.

(g) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-167­

§ XX.3029 Petroleum Liquid Storage in Fixed Roof Tanks. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to any fixed roof petroleum 

liquid storage tank with a capacity greater than

150,000 liters (L) (40,000 gallons [gal]). 

(2) This section does not apply to any petroleum

liquid storage tank that:

(i) Has a capacity of less than 1,600,000 L

(420,000 gal) and is used to store produced crude oil and

condensate prior to lease custody transfer. 

(ii) Is a horizontal underground storage tank used to

store JP-4 jet fuel.

(iii) Contains a petroleum liquid with a maximum true

vapor pressure less than 10.5 kiloPascals (kPa) (1.5 pounds

per square inch atmospheric [psia]), provided that records

are maintained consistent with paragraph (e)(2) of this

section.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Internal floating roof" means a cover or roof in a

fixed roof tank that rests upon or is floated upon the

petroleum liquid being contained and is equipped with a

closure seal or seals to close the space between the roof

edge and tank shell.
-168-

(c) Standards. No owner or operator of a petroleum

liquid storage tank subject to this section shall store

petroleum liquid in that tank unless:

(1) The tank is equipped with one of the following: 

(i) An internal floating roof equipped with a closure

seal or seals to close the space between the roof edge and

tank wall.

(ii) Equally effective alternative control, approved

by the Administrator as part of a State implementation plan

(SIP) or Federal implementation plan (FIP) revision.

(2) The tank is maintained such that there are no

visible holes, tears, or other openings in the seal or any

seal fabric or materials.

(3) All openings, except stub drains, are equipped

with covers, lids, or seals such that:

(i) The cover, lid, or seal is in the closed position

at all times except when in actual use. 

(ii) Automatic bleeder vents are closed at all times

except when the roof is being floated off or being landed on

the roof leg supports.

(iii) Rim vents, if provided, are set to open when

the roof is being floated off the roof leg supports or at

the manufacturer's recommended setting. 

(d) Inspections. The owner or operator of a

petroleum liquid storage tank with a fixed roof subject to

this section shall: 
-169-

(1) For tanks equipped with a single seal system:

(A) Visually inspect the internal floating roof and

its closure seal or seals through roof hatches at least once

every 12 months.

(B) Perform a complete inspection of any cover and

single seal whenever the tank is emptied for nonoperational

reasons or at least every 10 years, whichever is more

frequent.

(2) For tanks equipped with a double seal system:

(A) Visually inspect the internal floating roof and

its closure seal or seals through the roof hatches at least

once every 5 years.

(B) Perform a complete inspection of any cover and

double seal whenever the tank is emptied for nonoperational

reasons or at least every 5 years, whichever is more

frequent. 

(e) Recordkeeping. 

(1) The owner or operator of a petroleum liquid

storage tank with a fixed roof subject to this section shall

maintain the following records in a readily accessible 

location for at least 5 years and shall make copies of the

records available to the Administrator upon verbal or

written request:

(i) Records of the types of volatile petroleum

liquids stored in that tank.
-170-

(ii) Records of the maximum true vapor pressure of

the liquid as stored.

(iii) Records of the results of the inspections

required in paragraph (d) of this section.

(2) The owner or operator of a petroleum liquid

storage tank with a fixed roof exempted from this section by

paragraph (a)(2), but containing a petroleum liquid with a

true vapor pressure greater than 7.0 kPa (1.0 psia), shall

maintain the following records in a readily accessible

location for at least 5 years and shall make copies of the

records available to the Administrator upon verbal or

written request:

(i) Records of the average monthly storage

temperature.

(ii) Records of the type of liquid stored.

(iii) Records of the maximum true vapor pressure for

any petroleum liquid with a true vapor pressure greater than

7.0 kPa (1.0 psia).

(f) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-171­

§ XX.3030 Leaks from Natural Gas/Gasoline Processing

Equipment.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to all equipment in volatile

organic compound (VOC) service in any process unit at any

onshore natural gas/gasoline processing facility. 

(2) This section does not apply to: 

(i) Any equipment in vacuum service. 

(ii) Any equipment in heavy liquid service. 

(iii) Wet gas reciprocating compressors in plants

that do not have a VOC control device, such as a flare or a

continuously burning process heater or boiler.

(3) The equipment inspection requirements in

paragraph (d) of this section do not apply to: 

(i) Any natural gas/gasoline processing facility with

a design field gas capacity of less than 2.8x105 standard

cubic meters (10x106 standard cubic feet) per day that does

not fractionate natural gas liquids.

(ii) Any pump with dual pump seals.

(iii) Any pressure relief valve that is connected to

an operating flare header or vapor recovery device.

(iv) Any compressor with a degassing vent that is

routed to an operating VOC control device.

(4) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this
-172­

section will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions later fall below the applicability

threshold. Any facility that is currently subject to a

State or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air

Act Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability

threshold is and will remain subject to those provisions,

even if its throughput or emissions have fallen or later

fall below the applicability threshold.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Equipment" means each pump, compressor, pressure

relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve

or line, valve, and flange or other connector in VOC service

or in wet gas service and any devices or systems required by

this section.

"Field gas" means feedstock gas entering the natural

gas processing plant.

"[In] gas/vapor service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service contains process fluid that is in

the gaseous state at operating conditions.

"[In] heavy liquid service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service is not in gas/vapor service or not

in light liquid service.

"[In] light liquid service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service either (1) contains a liquid that
-173­

meets all of the conditions in definition A or (2) meets the

condition specified in definition B:

Definition A--(1) the vapor pressure of one or more of

the components is greater than 0.3 kiloPascal (kPa) (0.044

inch of mercury [in. Hg]) at 20°C (68°F). Standard

reference tests or ASTM D-2879 shall be used to determine

the vapor pressures; (2) the total concentration of the pure

components having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kPa

(0.044 in. Hg) at 20°C (68°F) is equal to or greater than 20

percent by weight; and (3) the fluid is a liquid at

operating conditions.

Definition B--Equipment is "in light liquid service"

if the weight percent evaporated is greater than 10 percent

at 150°C as determined by ASTM D86.

"Liquids dripping" means any visible leakage from a

seal including spraying, misting, clouding, and ice

formation.

"Natural gas liquids" means the hydrocarbons, such as

ethane, propane, butane, and pentane, that are extracted

from field gas.

"Natural gas processing plant" (gas plant) means any

processing site engaged in the extraction of natural gas

liquids from field gas, fractionation of mixed natural gas

liquids to natural gas products, or both.
-174-

"Nonfractionating plant" means any gas plant that does

not fractionate mixed natural gas liquids into natural gas

products.

"Onshore" means all facilities except those that are

located in the territorial seas or on the outer continental

shelf.

"Process unit" means equipment assembled for the

extraction of natural gas liquids from field gas, the

fractionation of the liquids into natural gas products, or

other operations associated with processing natural gas

products. A process unit can operate independently if

supplied with sufficient feed or raw materials and

sufficient storage facilities for the products.

"Reciprocating compressor" means a piece of equipment

that increases the pressure of a process gas by positive

displacement, employing linear movement of the driveshaft.

"[In] vacuum service" means that the equipment in VOC

service is operating at an internal pressure that is at

least 5 kPa (0.73 in. Hg) below ambient pressure.

"[In] VOC service" means that the piece of equipment

contains or contacts a process fluid that is at least

1 percent VOC by weight. The provisions of paragraph (i)(2)

of this section specify how to determine that a piece of

equipment is not in VOC service.
-175-

"[In] wet gas service" means that a piece of equipment

contains or contacts the field gas before the extraction

step in the process.

(c) Standards: General. The owner or operator of a

natural gas/gasoline processing facility subject to this

section shall ensure that:

(1) Any open-ended line or valve is sealed with a

second valve, blind flange, cap, or plug except during

operations requiring process fluid flow through the openended line or valve.

(2) When a second valve is used, each open-ended line

or valve equipped with a second valve is operated in such a

manner that the valve on the process fluid end is closed

before the second valve is closed.

(3) When a double block-and-bleed system is used, the

bleed valve or line is open only during operations that

require venting of the line between the block valves and is

closed at all other times.

(d) Standards: Equipment inspection program. The

owner or operator of a natural gas/gasoline processing

facility subject to this section shall conduct the equipment

inspection program described in paragraphs (d)(1) through

(d)(3) of this section using the test methods specified in

§ XX.3085 of this subpart.
-176-

(1) The owner or operator of a natural gas/gasoline

processing facility subject to this section shall conduct

quarterly monitoring of each:

(i) Compressor.

(ii) Pump in light liquid service.

(iii) Valve in light liquid service, except as

provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.

(iv) Valve in gas/vapor service, except as provided

in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.

(v) Pressure relief valve in gas/vapor service,

except as provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this

section.

(2) The owner or operator of a natural gas/gasoline

processing facility subject to this section shall conduct a

weekly visual inspection of each pump in light liquid

service. 

(3) The owner or operator of a natural gas/gasoline

processing facility subject to this section shall monitor

each pressure relief valve within 5 days after each

overpressure relief to ensure that the valve has properly

reseated and is not leaking.

(4)(i) Any pressure relief device that is located in

a nonfractionating plant that is monitored only by nonplant

personnel may be monitored after a pressure release the next

time the monitoring personnel are on site, instead of within

5 days.
-177-

(ii) No pressure relief device described in

paragraph (d)(4)(i) of this section shall be allowed to

operate for more than 30 days after a pressure release

without monitoring.

(5)(i) When an instrument reading of 10,000 parts per

million (ppm) or greater is measured, it shall be determined

that a leak has been detected.

(ii) If there are indications of liquid dripping from

the equipment, it shall be determined that a leak has been

detected.

(6) When a leak is detected, the owner or operator

shall affix a weatherproof, readily visible tag in a bright

color such as red or yellow bearing the equipment

identification number and the date on which the leak was

detected. This tag shall remain in place until the leaking

equipment is repaired. The requirements of this paragraph

apply to any leak detected by the equipment inspection

program and to any leak from any equipment that is detected

on the basis of sight, sound, or smell.

(e) Standards: Alternative standards for valves--

skip period leak detection and repair.

(1) An owner or operator shall comply initially with

the requirements for valves in gas/vapor service and valves

in light liquid service, as described in paragraph (d) of

this section.
-178-

(2) After two consecutive quarterly leak detection

periods with the percent of valves leaking equal or less

than 2.0, an owner or operator may skip one of the quarterly

leak detection periods for the valves in gas/vapor and light

liquid service.

(3) After five consecutive quarterly leak detection

periods with the percent of valves leaking equal to or less

than 2.0, an owner or operator may begin to skip three of

the quarterly leak detection periods for the valves in

gas/vapor and light liquid service.

(4) If the percent of valves leaking is greater than

2.0, the owner or operator shall comply with the

requirements as described in paragraph (d) of this section

but can again elect to use the requirements in paragraph (e)

of this section.

(5) The percent of valves leaking shall be determined

by dividing the sum of valves found leaking during current

monitoring and valves for which repair has been delayed by

the total number of valves subject to the requirements of

this section.

(6) An owner or operator shall keep a record of the

percent of valves found leaking during each leak detection

period.
-179-

(f) Standards: Alternative standards for valves that

are unsafe or difficult to monitor.

(1) Any valve that is designated, as described in

paragraph (j)(5)(i) of this section, as an unsafe-to-monitor

valve is exempt from the requirements of paragraph (d) if:

(i) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates

that the valve is unsafe to monitor because monitoring

personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as a

consequence of complying with paragraph (d). 

(ii) The owner or operator of the valve adheres to a

written plan that requires monitoring the valve as

frequently as practicable during safe-to-monitor times.

(2) Any valve that is designated, as described in

paragraph (j)(5)(i), as a difficult-to-monitor valve is

exempt from the requirements of paragraph (d) if:

(i) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates

that the valve cannot be monitored without elevating the

monitoring personnel more than 2 meters (m) (6.6 feet [ft])

above a support surface.

(ii) The owner or operator of the valve follows a

written plan that requires monitoring of the valve at least

once per calendar year.

(g) Standards: Equipment repair program. The owner

or operator of a natural gas/gasoline processing facility

shall: 
-180-

(1) Make a first attempt at repair for any leak not

later than 5 calendar days after the leak is detected.

(2) Repair any leak as soon as practicable, but not

later than 15 calendar days after it is detected except as

provided in paragraph (h) of this section.

(h) Standards: Delay of repair. 

(1) Delay of repair of equipment for which a leak has

been detected is allowed if the repair is technically

infeasible without a process unit shutdown. Such equipment

shall be repaired before the end of the next process unit

shutdown.

(2) Delay of repair of equipment is allowed for

equipment that is isolated from the process and that does

not remain in VOC service.

(3) Delay of repair beyond a process unit shutdown is

allowed for a valve if valve assembly replacement is

necessary during the process unit shutdown, valve assembly

supplies have been depleted, and valve assembly supplies had

been sufficiently stocked before the supplies were depleted. 

Delay of repair beyond the next process unit shutdown is not

allowed unless the next process unit shutdown occurs sooner

than 6 months after the first process unit shutdown. 

(i) Test methods and procedures. 

(1) In conducting the tests required to comply with

paragraph (d) of this section, the owner or operator shall

use the test methods specified in § XX.3085 of this subpart.
-181-

(2) The owner or operator shall test each piece of

equipment unless it is demonstrated that a process unit is

not in VOC service, i.e., that the VOC content would never

be reasonably expected to exceed 1 percent by weight. For

purposes of this demonstration, the following methods and

procedures shall be used:

(i) Procedures that conform to the general methods in

ASTM E260, E168, and E169 shall be used to determine the

percent VOC content in the process fluid that is contained

in or contacts a piece of equipment.

(ii) Where the test methods in paragraph (i)(2)(i)

also measure exempt compounds, these compounds may be

excluded from the total quantity of organic compounds in

determining the VOC content of the process fluid.

(iii) Engineering judgment may be used to estimate

the VOC content, if a piece of equipment had not been shown

previously to be in VOC service. If the Administrator

disagrees with the judgment, paragraphs (i)(2)(i) and

(i)(2)(ii) of this section shall be used to resolve the

disagreement.

(3) The owner or operator shall demonstrate that a

piece of equipment is in light liquid service by showing

that all of the following conditions apply:

(i) The vapor pressure of one or more of the

components is greater than 0.3 kPa at 20°C (0.09 in. Hg at
-182-

68°F). Standard reference texts or ASTM D2879 shall be used

to determine the vapor pressures.

(ii) The total concentration of the pure components

having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kPa at 20°C (0.09

in. Hg at 68°F) is equal to or greater than 20 percent by

weight.

(iii) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions.

(4) Samples used in conjunction with paragraphs

(i)(2) and (i)(3) of this section shall be representative of

the process fluid that is contained in or contacts the

equipment.

(j) Recordkeeping.

(1) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section shall comply with the recordkeeping

requirements of this section.

(2) An owner or operator of more than one facility

subject to the provisions of this section may comply with

the recordkeeping requirements for these facilities in one

recordkeeping system if the system identifies each record by

each facility.

(3) When each leak is detected as specified in

paragraph (d) of this section, the following information

shall be recorded in a log and shall be kept for 5 years in

a readily accessible location:

(i) The instrument and operator identification

numbers and the equipment identification number.
-183-

(ii) The date the leak was detected and the dates of

each attempt to repair the leak.

(iii) The repair methods employed in each attempt to

repair the leak.

(iv) The notation "Above 10,000" if the maximum

instrument reading measured by the methods specified in

§ XX.3085 of this subpart after each repair attempt is equal

to or greater than 10,000 ppm.

(v) The notation "Repair delayed" and the reason for

the delay if a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days

after discovery of the leak.

(vi) The signature of the owner or operator (or

designate) whose decision it was that repair could not be

effected without a process shutdown.

(vii) The expected date of successful repair of the

leak if a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days.

(viii) The dates of process unit shutdowns that occur

while the equipment is unrepaired.

(ix) The date of successful repair of the leak.

(4) A list of identification numbers of equipment in

vacuum service shall be recorded in a log that is kept in a

readily accessible location.

(5) The following information pertaining to all

valves subject to the requirements of paragraph (f) of this

section shall be recorded in a log that is kept for 5 years

in a readily accessible location:
-184-

(i) A list of identification numbers for valves that

are designated as unsafe to monitor, an explanation for each

valve stating why the valve is unsafe to monitor, and the

plan for monitoring each valve.

(ii) A list of identification numbers for valves that

are designated as difficult to monitor, an explanation for

each valve stating why the valve is difficult to monitor,

and the schedule for monitoring each valve.

(6) The following information pertaining to all

valves complying with paragraph (e) of this section shall be

recorded in a log that is kept for 5 years in a readily

accessible location:

(i) A schedule of monitoring.

(ii) The percent of valves found leaking during each

monitoring period. 

(7) The following information shall be recorded in a

log that is kept for 5 years in a readily accessible

location for use in determining exemptions as provided in

paragraph (a) of this section:

(i) An analysis demonstrating the design capacity of

the affected facility.

(ii) Information and data used to demonstrate that a

piece of equipment is not in VOC service.

(iii) Information and data used to demonstrate that a

reciprocating compressor is in wet gas service. 
-185-

(k) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-186­

§ XX.3031 Solvent Metal Cleaning.

(a) Applicability. This section applies to all

solvent metal cleaning sources with the following

exemptions: 

(1) Any open-top vapor degreasing operation with an

open area smaller than 1 square meter (m2) (10.8 square feet

[ft2]) is exempt from paragraphs (c)(2)(iii)(B) and

(c)(2)(iii)(D) of this section.

(2) Any conveyorized degreaser with an air/solvent

interface smaller than 2.0 m2 (21.5 ft2) is exempt from

paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Air/solvent interface" means the surface area defined

by points of contact between the solvent liquid or vapor in

the cleaner/degreaser and the surrounding air.

"Cold cleaning" means the batch process of cleaning

and removing soils from a metal surface by spraying,

brushing, flushing, or immersion while maintaining the

solvent below its boiling point. Wipe cleaning is not

included in this definition.

"Conveyorized degreasing" means the process of

cleaning and removing soils from a continuous stream of

metal parts using either cold or vaporized solvents.
-187-

"Freeboard height" means, for a cold cleaner, the

distance from the liquid solvent level in the degreaser tank

to the lip of the tank. For an open-top vapor degreaser, it

is the distance from the vapor level in the tank during

idling to the lip of the tank. For a vapor-conveyorized

degreaser, it is the distance from the vapor level to the

bottom of the entrance or exit opening, whichever is lower. 

For a cold-conveyorized degreaser, it is the distance from

the liquid solvent level to the bottom of the entrance or

exit opening, whichever is lower.

"Freeboard ratio" means the freeboard height divided

by the smaller interior dimension (length, width, or

diameter) of the degreaser tank.

"Open-top vapor degreasing" means the process using

condensation of hot solvent vapor to clean and remove soils

from a batch of metal parts.

"Refrigerated chiller" means a device mounted above

both the water jacket and the primary condenser coils which

carries a refrigerant that provides a chilled air blanket

above the solvent vapor, thereby reducing emissions from the

degreaser bath.

"Solvent metal cleaning" means the process of cleaning

soils from metal surfaces by cold cleaning, open-top vapor

degreasing, or conveyorized degreasing.
-188-

(c) Standards. 

(1) Cold cleaning facilities. The owner or operator

of a cold cleaning facility shall: 

(i) Equip the cleaner with a cover that is easily

operated with one hand, if any one of the following:

(A) The solvent true vapor pressure is greater than

2 kiloPascals (kPa) (15 millimeters of Mercury [mm Hg] or

0.3 pound per square inch [psi]) measured at 38°C (100°F) by

ASTM D323-89. 

(B) The solvent is agitated.

(C) The solvent is heated.

(ii) Equip the cleaner with an internal drainage

facility so that parts are enclosed under the cover while

draining if the solvent true vapor pressure is greater than

4.3 kPa (32 mm Hg or 0.6 psi) measured at 38°C (100°F) by

ASTM D323-89, except that the drainage facility may be

external for applications where an internal type cannot fit

into the cleaning system. 

(iii) Implement one of the following control measures

if the solvent true vapor pressure is greater than 4.3 kPa

(32 mm Hg or 0.6 psi) measured at 38°C (100°F) by ASTM D323­

89, or if the solvent is heated above 50°C (120°F):

(A) Freeboard that gives a freeboard ratio greater

than or equal to 0.7. 

(B) Water cover at least 2.54 cm (1 in.) deep

(solvent shall be insoluble in and heavier than water).
-189-

(C) Another system of equivalent control, such as a

refrigerated chiller or a carbon adsorber, approved by the

Administrator as part of a State implementation plan (SIP)

or Federal implementation plan (FIP) revision. 

(iv) Provide a permanent, legible, conspicuous label,

summarizing the operating requirements. 

(v) Store waste solvent in covered containers.

(vi) Close the cover whenever parts are not being

handled in the cleaner.

(vii) Drain the cleaned parts until dripping ceases. 

(viii) If used, supply a solvent spray that is a

solid fluid stream (not a fine, atomized, or shower-type

spray) at a pressure that does not exceed 10 pounds per

square inch gauge (psig).

(ix) Degrease only materials that are neither porous

nor absorbent.

(2) Open top vapor degreasers. Except as provided

under paragraph (a)(i) of this section, the owner or

operator of an open top vapor degreaser shall:

(i) Equip the vapor degreaser with a cover that can

be opened and closed easily without disturbing the vapor

zone.

(ii) Provide the following safety switches:

(A) A vapor level thermostat that shuts off the sump

heat if the condenser coolant is either not circulating or

too warm.
-190-

(B) A spray safety switch that shuts off the spray

pump if the vapor level drops more than 10 centimeters (cm)

(4 inches [in.]).

(iii) Implement one of the following control

measures:

(A) Freeboard ratio greater than or equal to 0.75

and, if the degreaser opening is greater than 1 m2

(10.8 ft2), a powered cover.

(B) Refrigerated chiller.

(C) Enclosed design (cover or door opens only when

the dry part is actually entering or exiting the degreaser).

(D) Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation

greater than or equal to 15 cubic meters per minute per

square meter (m3/min/m2) (50 cubic feet per minute per

square foot [ft3/min/ft2]) of air/solvent interface (when

cover is open), and exhausting less than 25 parts per

million (ppm) of solvent averaged over one complete

adsorption cycle, or 24 hours, whichever is less.

(E) A control system, demonstrated to have a control

efficiency equivalent to or greater than any of the above

and approved by the Administrator as part of a SIP or FIP

revision.

(iv) Keep the cover closed at all times except when

processing work loads through the degreaser.

(v) Minimize solvent carryout by:
-191-

(A) Racking parts so that solvent drains freely and

is be trapped.

(B) Moving parts in and out of the degreaser at less

than 3.3 meters per minute (m/min) (11 feet per minute

[ft/min]).

(C) Holding the parts in the vapor zone at least

30 seconds or until condensation ceases, whichever is

longer.

(D) Tipping out any pools of solvent on the cleaned

parts before removal from the vapor zone.

(E) Allowing parts to dry within the degreaser for at

least 15 seconds or until visually dry, whichever is longer.

(vi) Degrease only materials that are neither porous

nor absorbent. 

(vii) Occupy no more than one-half of the degreaser's

open-top area with a workload. 

(viii) Always spray within the vapor level. 

(ix) Repair solvent leaks immediately, or shut down

the degreaser. 

(x) Store waste solvent only in covered containers. 

(xi) Operate the cleaner such that water cannot be

visually detected in solvent exiting the water separator. 

(xii) Use no ventilation fans near the degreaser

opening.

(xiii) When the cover is open, not expose the opentop vapor degreaser to drafts greater than 40 m/min (131
-192-

ft/min), as measured between 1 and 2 m upwind and at the

same elevation as the tank lip.

(xiv) If a lip exhaust is used on the open top vapor

degreaser, not use a ventilation rate that exceeds 20

m3/min/m2 (65 ft3/min/ft2) of degreaser open area, unless a

higher rate is necessary to meet OSHA requirements.

(xv) Provide a permanent, conspicuous label,

summarizing the operating procedures of

paragraphs (c)(2)(iv) through (c)(2)(xiv) of this section.

(3) Conveyorized degreasers. Except as provided

under paragraph (a)(3) of this section, the owner or

operator of a conveyorized degreaser shall:

(i) Use no workplace fans near the degreaser opening,

and ensure that exhaust ventilation does not exceed

20 m3/min/m2 (65 ft3/min/ft2) of degreaser opening, unless a

higher rate is necessary to meet OSHA requirements. 

(ii) Install one of the following control devices:

(A) Refrigerated chiller. 

(B) Carbon adsorption system, with ventilation

greater than or equal to 15 m3/min/m2 (50 ft3/min/ft2) of

air/solvent interface (when downtime covers are open), and

exhausting less than 25 ppm of solvent by volume averaged

over one complete adsorption cycle, or 24 hours, whichever

is less.

(C) A system demonstrated to have a control

efficiency equivalent to or greater than the devices listed
-193­

in paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(A) or (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section

and approved by the Administrator as part of a SIP or FIP

revision. 

(iii) Equip the cleaner with equipment, such as a

drying tunnel or rotating (tumbling) basket, sufficient to

prevent cleaned parts from carrying out solvent liquid or

vapor. 

(iv) Provide the following safety switches:

(A) A condenser flow switch and thermostat that shut

off the sump heat if the condenser coolant is either not

circulating or too warm.

(B) A spray safety switch which shuts off the spray

pump or the conveyor if the vapor level drops more than

10 cm (4 in.).

(C) A vapor level control thermostat that shuts off

the pump heat when the vapor level rises too high. 

(v) Minimize openings during operation so that

entrances and exits silhouette workloads with an average

clearance between the parts and the edge of the degreaser

opening of less than 10 cm (4 in.) or less than 10 percent

of the width of the opening. 

(vi) Provide downtime covers for closing off the

entrance and exit during shutdown hours. 

(vii) Minimize carryout emissions by:

(A) Racking parts so that solvent drains freely from

parts and is not trapped.
-194-

(B) Maintaining the vertical conveyor speed at less

than 3.3 m/min (11 ft/min). 

(viii) Store waste solvent only in covered

containers.

(ix) Repair solvent leaks immediately, or shut down

the degreaser. 

(x) Operate the cleaner such that water cannot be

visually detected in solvent exiting the water separator. 

(xi) Place downtime covers over entrances and exits

of the conveyorized degreaser at all times when the

conveyors and exhausts are not being operated.

(xii) Degrease only materials that are neither porous

nor absorbent.

(d) Test methods. Compliance with paragraphs

(c)(1)(i) through (iii), (c)(2)(iii)(D), (c)(2)(xii) through

(xiv), (c)(3)(i), and (c)(3)(ii)(B) of this section shall be

determined by applying the following test methods, which are

found at 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, or the American Society

for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods, as appropriate:

(1) Methods 1-4 for determining flow rates.

(2) Method 18 for determining gaseous organic

compound emissions by gas chromatography.

(3) Method 25 for determining total gaseous

nonmethane organic emissions as carbon except in cases where

the outlet VOC concentration of the control device is less
-195­

than 50 ppm as carbon, in which case Method 25A shall be

used.

(4) Method 25A or 25B for determining total gaseous

organic concentrations using flame ionization or

nondispersive infrared analysis.

(5) ASTM D323-89 for measuring solvent true vapor 

pressure. 

(e) Recordkeeping. Each owner or operator of a 

solvent metal cleaning source subject to this section shall

maintain the following records in a readily accessible

location for at least 5 years and shall make these records

available to the Administrator upon verbal or written

request:

(1) A record of central equipment maintenance, such

as replacement of the carbon in a carbon adsorption unit. 

(2) The results of all tests conducted in accordance

with the requirements in paragraph (d) of this section. 

(f) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall:

(1) Comply with the initial compliance certification

requirements of § XX.3003(a) of this subpart. 

(2) Comply with the requirements of § XX.3003(b) of

this subpart regarding reports of excess emissions. 

(3) Comply with the requirements of § XX.3003(c) of

this subpart for excess emissions related to any control

devices used to comply with paragraphs (c)(1)(iii)(C),
-196-

(c)(2)(iii)(D) or (E), and (c)(3)(i)(B) or (C) of this

section.
-197­

§ XX.3032 Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt.

(a) Applicability. This section applies to the

manufacture, mixing, storage, use, and application of

cutback and emulsified asphalts. No exemptions are

allowable based on the size or throughput of an operation. 

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Asphalt" means a dark-brown to black cementitious

material (solid, semisolid, or liquid in consistency) of

which the main constituents are bitumens that occur

naturally or are a residue of petroleum refining.

"Cutback asphalt" means asphalt cement that has been

liquefied by blending with petroleum solvents (diluents). 

Upon exposure to atmospheric conditions, the diluents

evaporate, leaving the asphalt cement to perform its

function.

"Emulsified asphalt" means an emulsion of asphalt

cement and water that contains a small amount of an

emulsifying agent; it is a heterogeneous system containing

two normally immiscible phases (asphalt and water) in which

the water forms the continuous phase of the emulsion, and

minute globules of asphalt form the discontinuous phase.

"Penetrating prime coat" means an application of lowviscosity liquid asphalt to an absorbent surface. It is

used to prepare an untreated base for an asphalt surface. 
-198­

The prime coat penetrates the base, plugs the voids, and

hardens and helps bind the top to the overlying asphalt

course. The penetrating prime coat also reduces the

necessity of maintaining an untreated base course prior to

placing the asphalt pavement. 

(c) Standards.

(1) No person shall cause, allow, or permit the

manufacture, mixing, storage, use, or application of cutback

asphalts during the ozone season without approval of the

Administrator as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this

section.

(2) The Administrator may approve as part of a State

implementation plan (SIP) or Federal implementation plan

(FIP) revision the manufacture, mixing, storage, use, or

application of cutback asphalts where either:

(i) Long-life stockpile storage is necessary. 

(ii) The cutback asphalt is to be used solely as a

penetrating prime coat. 

(3) During the ozone season, no person shall cause,

allow, or permit the manufacturing, mixing, storage, or use

of emulsified asphalt that contains any volatile organic

compound (VOC). 

(d) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of any

facility subject to this section shall maintain records of

the manufacture, mixing, storage, use, or application of any

asphalt containing VOC during the ozone season. These
-199­

records shall be maintained in a readily accessible location

for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to the

Administrator upon verbal or written request.
-200­

§ XX.3033 Manufacture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical 

Products. 

(a) Applicability. This section applies to the 

following sources of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) at

all synthesized pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities: 

(1) Reactors.

(2) Distillation operations.

(3) Crystallizers.

(4) Centrifuges.

(5) Vacuum dryers.

(6) Air dryers.

(7) Production equipment exhaust systems.

(8) Rotary vacuum filters and other filters.

(9) In-process tanks.

(10) Leaks. 

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Production equipment exhaust system" means a device

for collecting and directing out of the work area VOC

fugitive emissions from reactor openings, centrifuge

openings, and other vessel openings to protect workers from

excessive VOC exposure.

"Reactor" means a vat or vessel, which may be jacketed

to permit temperature control, designed to contain chemical

reactions.
-201-

"Separation operation" means a process that separates

a mixture of compounds and solvents into two or more

components. Specific mechanisms include extraction,

centrifugation, filtration, and crystallization.

"Synthesized pharmaceutical manufacturing" means

manufacture of pharmaceutical products and intermediates by

chemical synthesis. The production and recovery of

materials produced via fermentation, extraction of organic

chemicals from vegetative materials or animal tissues, and

formulation and packaging of the product are not considered

synthesized pharmaceutical manufacturing. 

(c) Standards. 

(1) Reactors, distillation operations, crystallizers,

centrifuges, and vacuum dryers. The owner or operator of a

synthesized pharmaceutical manufacturing facility subject to

this section shall control the VOC emissions from all vents

from reactors, distillation operations, crystallizers,

centrifuges, and vacuum dryers at the facility that emit

6.8 kilograms per day (kg/day) (15 pounds per day [lb/day])

or more of VOC as determined by the procedure in "Control of

Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Synthesized

Pharmaceutical Products," Appendix B, EPA-450/2-78-029,

December 1978. This report is incorporated by reference in

accordance with 5 U.S.C. § 552 (a) and 1 CFR Part 51.

Surface condensers or equivalent controls shall be used,

provided that:
-202-

(i) If surface condensers are used, the condenser

outlet gas temperature shall not exceed the allowable

temperature limit described for each associated vapor

pressure in the following table.

Allowable condenser

outlet gas temperature,

°C (°F)

VOC vapor

pressure at

20°C, kPa (psi)

-25 (-13) >40.01 (5.8) 

-15 (5) >20.0 (2.9)

 0 (32) >10.0 (1.5)

 10 (50) >7.0 (1.0)

 25 (77) >3.5 (0.5) 

(ii) If equivalent controls such as carbon absorption

or incineration are used, the VOC emissions shall be reduced

by at least as much as they would be by using a surface

condenser. The owner or operator shall calculate the

efficiency equivalent to a condenser in accordance with the

procedures specified on pages 4-2 through 4-6 in "Control of

Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Synthesized

Pharmaceutical Products," Appendix B, EPA-450/2-78-029,

December 1978. 

(2) Air dryers and production equipment exhaust

systems. The owner or operator of a synthesized

pharmaceutical manufacturing facility subject to this

section shall reduce the VOC emissions from all air dryers

and production equipment exhaust systems either:
-203-

(i) By at least 90 percent if emissions are

150 kg/day (330 lb/day) or more of VOC.

(ii) To 15.0 kg/day (33 lb/day) or less if emissions

are less than 150 kg/day (330 lb/day) of VOC.

(3) Storage tanks. The owner or operator of a

synthesized pharmaceutical manufacturing facility subject to

this section shall reduce the VOC emissions from storage

tanks by:

(i) Providing a vapor balance system or equivalent

control that is at least 90 percent effective in reducing

emissions from truck or railcar deliveries to storage tanks

with capacities greater than 7,500 liters (L) (2,000 gallons

[gal]) that store VOC with vapor pressures greater than

28.0 kiloPascals (kPa) (4.1 pounds per square inch [psi]) at

20°C (68°F).

(ii) Installing pressure/vacuum conservation vents

set at ±0.2 kPa (0.03 psi) on all storage tanks that store

VOC with vapor pressures greater than 10.0 kPa (1.5 psi) at

20°C (68°F). 

(4) Centrifuges, rotary vacuum filters, and other

filters. The owner or operator of a synthesized

pharmaceutical facility subject to this section shall

enclose all centrifuges, rotary vacuum filters, and other

filters having an exposed liquid surface where the liquid

contains VOC and exerts a total VOC vapor pressure of

3.50 kPa (0.5 psi) or more at 20°C (68°F). 
-204-

(5) In-process tanks. The owner or operator of a

synthesized pharmaceutical facility subject to this section

shall install covers on all in-process tanks that contain

VOC at any time. These covers shall remain closed, unless

production, sampling, maintenance, or inspection procedures

require operator access.

(6) Leaks. The owner or operator of a synthesized

pharmaceutical manufacturing facility subject to this

section shall repair all leaks from which a liquid

containing VOC can be observed running or dripping. The

repair shall be completed as soon as practicable but no

later than 15 calendar days after the leak is found. If the

leaking component cannot be repaired until the process is

shut down, the leaking component shall then be repaired

before the process is restarted. 

(d) Testing. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the testing requirements in § XX.3084 of this subpart. 

(e) Monitoring for air pollution control equipment.

(1) At a minimum, continuous monitors for the

following parameters shall be installed on air pollution

control equipment used to control sources subject to this

section:

(i) Destruction device combustion temperature. 

(ii) Temperature rise across a catalytic incinerator 

bed. 
-205-

(iii) VOC concentration on a carbon adsorption unit

to determine breakthrough.

(iv) Outlet gas temperature of a refrigerated

condenser.

(v) Temperature of a nonrefrigerated condenser

coolant supply system.

(2) Each monitor shall be equipped with a recording 

device. 

(3) Each monitor shall be calibrated quarterly. 

(4) Each monitor shall operate at all times while the 

associated control equipment is operating.

(f) Recordkeeping.

(1) The owner or operator of a pharmaceutical

manufacturing facility subject to this section shall

maintain the following records:

(i) Parameters listed in paragraph (e) of this

section shall be recorded.

(ii) For sources subject to this section, the solvent

true vapor pressure as determined by ASTM D323-89 shall be

recorded for every process. 

(2) For any leak subject to paragraph (c)(6) of this

section, which cannot be readily repaired within 1 hour

after detection, the following records shall be kept:

(i) The name of the leaking equipment.

(ii) The date and time the leak is detected.

(iii) The action taken to repair the leak.
-206-

(iv) The date and time the leak is repaired.

(g) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-207­

§ XX.3034 Pneumatic Rubber Tire Manufacturing. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to the following operations 

in all pneumatic rubber tire manufacturing facilities:

(i) Undertread cementing.

(ii) Tread-end cementing.

(iii) Bead cementing.

(iv) Green tire spraying.

(2) The provisions of this section do not apply to

the production of specialty tires for antique or other

vehicles when produced on an irregular basis or with short

production runs. This exemption applies only to tires

produced on equipment separate from normal production lines

for passenger-type tires.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Bead cementing operation" means the system that is

used to apply cement to the bead rubber before or after it

is wound into its final, circular form. A bead cementing

operation consists of a cement application station, such as

a dip tank, spray booth and nozzles, cement trough and

roller or swab applicator, and all other equipment necessary

to apply cement to wound beads or bead rubber and to allow

evaporation of solvent from cemented beads.

"Green tire" means an assembled, uncured tire.
-208-

"Green tire spraying operation" means the system used

to apply a mold-release agent and lubricant to the inside

and/or outside of green tires to facilitate the curing

process and to prevent rubber from sticking to the curing

press. A green tire spraying operation consists of a booth

where spraying is performed, the spray application station,

and related equipment, such as the lubricant supply system.

"Passenger-type tire" means an agricultural, airplane,

industrial, mobile home, light- or medium-duty truck, or

passenger vehicle tire with a bead diameter up to 50.8

centimeters (cm) (20.0 inches [in.]) and cross-sectional

dimension up to 32.5 cm (12.8 in.).

"Pneumatic rubber tire manufacturing" means the

production of pneumatic rubber passenger-type tires on a

mass-production basis. 

"Sidewall cementing operation" means the system used

to apply cement to a continuous strip of sidewall component

or any other continuous strip component (except combined

tread/sidewall component) that is incorporated into the

sidewall of a finished tire. A sidewall cementing operation

consists of a cement application station and all other

equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and

takeaway conveyors, necessary to allow evaporation of

solvent from the cemented rubber.

"Tread-end cementing operation" means the system used

to apply cement to one or both ends of the tread or combined
-209-

tread/sidewall component. A tread end cementing operation

consists of a cement application station and all other

equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and

takeaway conveyors, necessary to apply cement to tread ends

and to allow evaporation of solvent from the cemented tread

ends.

"Undertread cementing operation" means the system used

to apply cement to a continuous strip of tread or combined

tread/sidewall component. An undertread cementing operation

consists of a cement application station and all other

equipment, such as the cement supply system and feed and

takeaway conveyors, necessary to apply cement to tread or

combined tread/sidewall strips and to allow solvent to

evaporate solvent from the cemented tread or combined

tread/sidewall.

"Water-based green tire spray" means any mold release

agent and lubricant applied to the inside or outside of

green tires that contains 12 percent or less, by weight, of

VOC as sprayed.

(c) Standards.

(1) Undertread cementing operations. The owner or

operator of an undertread cementing operation subject to

this section shall do one of the following:

(i) Install and operate a capture and control system

for emissions from the undertread cementing operation that

achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75
-210­

percent calculated according to the procedures in § XX.3083

of this subpart.

(ii) Meet the equipment design and performance

specifications in 40 CFR 60.543(j)(1), (2), and (4) through

(6), or under paragraphs (j)(1) and (3) through (6), and

conduct a control device efficiency performance test to

determine compliance as described under paragraph (j)(7).

(iii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than

or equal to the levels specified in 40 CFR

60.542(a)(1)(ii)(A) through (E).

(2) Sidewall cementing operations. The owner or

operator of a sidewall cementing operation subject to this

section shall do one of the following:

(i) Install and operate a capture and control system

for emissions from the sidewall cementing operation that

achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75

percent calculated according to the procedures in § XX.3083

of this subpart.

(ii) Meet the equipment design and performance

specifications in 40 CFR 60.543(j)(1), (2), and (4) through

(6), or under paragraphs (j)(1) and (3) through (6), and

conduct a control device efficiency performance test to

determine compliance as described under paragraph (j)(7).

(iii) Maintain total (uncontrolled) VOC use less than

or equal to the levels specified in 40 CFR

60.542(a)(2)(ii)(A) through (E).
-211-

(3) Alternate standard for undertread cementing and

sidewall cementing. 

(i) The owner or operator of each undertread

cementing and sidewall cementing operation at a rubber tire

manufacturing facility that meets the criteria in paragraphs

(c)(3)(ii)(A) through (C) of this section shall have the

option of complying with the alternate standard in 40 CFR 

60.542(a) in lieu of the standards in paragraphs (c)(1) and

(c)(2) of this section. The election of complying with this

paragraph shall be irreversible.

(ii) The owner or operator may elect to comply with

the alternate standard in 40 CFR 60.542(a) provided that the

undertread cementing and sidewall cementing operation meets

all of the following criteria:

(A) Commenced construction, modification, or

reconstruction after January 20, 1983, and before September

15, 1987. 

(B) Uses 25 g (0.06 lb) or less of VOC per tire per

month.

(C) Does not use a control device to control VOC

emissions from the operations complying with this paragraph.

(4) Green tire spraying operations. 

(i) Water-based sprays. The owner or operator of a

green tire spraying operation subject to this section and

where only water-based sprays are used shall meet the g/tire

limits in 40 CFR 60.542(a)(5)(i) and (ii).
-212-

(ii) Organic solvent-based sprays. The owner or

operator of a green tire spraying operation subject to this

section and where only organic solvent-based sprays are used

shall do one of the following:

(A) Install and operate a capture and control system

for emissions from the green tire spraying operation that

achieves an overall emission reduction of at least 75

percent calculated according to the procedures in § XX.3083

of this subpart.

(B) Meet the equipment design and performance

specifications in 40 CFR 60.543(j)(1), (2), and (4) through

(6), or under paragraphs (j)(1) and (3) through (6), and

conduct a control device efficiency performance test to

determine compliance as described under paragraph (j)(7).

(C) Meet the g/tire limits in 40 CFR

60.542(a)(6)(ii)(A) through (E).

(iii) Both water-based and organic solvent-based

sprays. The owner or operator of a green tire spraying

operation subject to this section and where both water-based

and organic solvent-based sprays are used shall meet the

emission limits in 40 CFR 60.542(a)(7).

(5) Tread-end cementing. The owner or operator of a

tread-end cementing operation subject to this section shall

do one of the following:

(i) Install and operate a capture and control system

for emissions from these operations that achieves an overall
-213­

emission reduction of at least 75 percent calculated

according to the procedures in § XX.3083 of this subpart. 

(ii) Meet the g/tire limit in 40 CFR 60.542(a)(3).

(6) Bead cementing. The owner or operator of a bead

cementing operation subject to this section shall do one of

the following:

(i) Install and operate a capture and control system

for emissions from these operations that achieves an overall

emission reduction of at least 75 percent calculated

according to the procedures in § XX.3083 of this subpart. 

(ii) Meet the g/bead limit in 40 CFR 60.542(a)(4).

(d) Compliance procedures. The compliance procedures

in this paragraph shall be used to determine compliance with

the standards in paragraph (c) of this section.

(1) Tread-end cementing/no VOC control device. An

owner or operator of a tread-end cementing operation who

does not use a VOC control device and who is seeking to

comply with the g/tire standards in paragraph (c)(5)(ii)

shall:

(i) Determine the density and weight fraction VOC

(including dilution VOC) of each cement by analysis of the

cement using Method 24 (40 CFR Part 60). 

(ii) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the

tread-end cementing operation for the day (Md) as follows:

(A) For each tread-end cementing operation subject to

this section for which cement is delivered in batch or via a
-214­

distribution system that serves only that tread-end

cementing operation, use the following equation to calculate

the total mass of VOC used per day (Md):

where:

a = The number of different cements used during the 

day that are delivered in batch or via a 

distribution system that serves only a single 

operation subject to this section. 

Lc = Volume of cement used for a day (liters). 

Dc = Density of cement (grams per liter). 

Wo = Weight fraction of VOC in a cement. 

(B) For each tread-end cementing operation subject to

this section for which cement is delivered via a common

distribution system that also serves other operations that

may or may not be subject to this section:

(1) Calculate the total mass of VOC used for all

operations served by the common distribution system for the

day (M):
-215­

where: 

b = The number of different cements used during the 

day that are delivered via a common distribution 

system that also serves other operations. 

(2) Determine the fraction (Fo) of M used at the 

operation subject to this section by comparing the

production records and process specifications for the

material cemented at the subject operation for the day to

the production records and process specifications for all

the material cemented at all other operations served by the

common distribution system for the day.

(3) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the

operation subject to this section for the day (Md):

where: 

M = Total mass of VOC used for a day by all 

operations served by a common cement distribution 

system (grams). 

Fo = Fraction of total mass of VOC used in a day by 

all operations served by a common cement 

distribution system that is used by a particular 

operation subject to this section served by the 

common distribution system. 

(iii) Determine the total number of tread or combined

tread/sidewall components that receive an application of
-216­

cement for the day at the tread-end cementing operation

subject to this section (To).

(iv) Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented

at the tread-end cementing operation subject to this section

for the day (G):

(v) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire

cemented at the tread-end cementing operation subject to

this section for the day (N):

(2) Bead cementing/no VOC control device. An owner or

operator of a bead cementing operation who does not use a

VOC control device and who is seeking to comply with the

g/bead standard in paragraph (c)(6)(ii) shall:

(i) Determine the density and weight fraction VOC of

each cement as specified under paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this

section.

(ii) Calculate the total mass of VOC used at the bead

cementing operation subject to this section for the day (Md)

as specified under paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section.

(iii) Determine the number of beads cemented at the

operation subject to this section for the day (Bd) using

production records; Bd equals the number of beads that

receive an application of cement for the day.
-217-

(iv) Calculate the mass of VOC used per bead cemented

at the operation subject to this section (Gb):

(v) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per bead

cemented at the operation subject to this section for the

day (Nb):

(3) Tread-end cementing and bead cementing/VOC

destruction device. For each tread-end cementing operation

or each bead cementing operation that uses a VOC control

device that destroys VOC (e.g., an incinerator), the owner

or operator shall use the following procedure to determine

compliance with the g/tire or g/bead standards in paragraphs

(c)(5)(ii) and (c)(6)(ii) of this section: 

(i) Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented

(G) at the tread-end cementing operation subject to this

section as specified under paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through

(d)(1)(iv) of this section, or calculate the mass of VOC

used per bead cemented (Gb) at the bead cementing operation

subject to this section as specified in paragraphs (d)(2)(i)

through (d)(2)(iv) of this section.

(ii) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire

cemented (N) or per bead cemented (Nb) at the operation

subject to this section:
-218­

where:

R = Overall efficiency of an emission reduction

system (fraction) as determined by the procedures

specified in paragraphs (d)(3)(iii)(A) through

(d)(3)(iii)(C) of this section.

(iii) For the initial compliance test, determine the

overall reduction efficiency (R) as specified in paragraphs

(d)(3)(iii)(A) through (d)(3)(iii)(C) below:

(A) The owner or operator shall construct a temporary

total enclosure around the application and drying areas

during the test for the purpose of capturing fugitive VOC

emissions. The enclosure shall be maintained at a negative

pressure to ensure that all evaporated VOC are measurable. 

Determine the fraction (Fc) of total VOC used at the

operation subject to this section that enters the control

device:

where: 

Cb = Concentration of VOC in the gas stream in the 

vents prior to a control device (parts per 

million by volume [ppmv]). 
-219­

Cf = Concentration of VOC in each gas stream vented 

directly to the atmosphere from an operation 

subject to this section or from a temporary total 

enclosure around an operation subject to this 

section (ppmv). 

m = The number of vents from the operation subject to 

this section to the control device.

 n = The number of vents from the operation subject to

this section to the atmosphere and from the

temporary total enclosure.

Qb = Volumetric flow rate in the vents before a

control device (dry standard cubic meters per

hour [dscm/hr]).

Qf = Volumetric flow rate of each stream vented

directly to the atmosphere from an operation

subject to this section or from a temporary total

enclosure around an operation subject to this

section (dscm/hr).

(B) Determine the destruction efficiency of the

control device (E) by using values of the volumetric flow

rate (Q) of each of the gas streams and the VOC

concentration (as carbon) (C) of each of the gas streams in

and out of the control device:
-220­

where:

p = Number of vents after the control device.

Ca = Concentration of VOC in the gas stream in the

vents after the control device (ppmv).

Qa = Volumetric flow rate in vents after the control

device (dscm/hr).

(C) Determine the overall reduction efficiency (R):

(iv) If subsequent compliance tests are required, the

owner or operator may use the most recently determined

overall reduction efficiency (R) if the conditions under

which the capture system and control device are being

operated have not changed since R was most recently

determined. If the conditions under which the capture

system and control device are being operated are different

from those in effect when R was determined, the owner or

operator shall re-establish R as specified in paragraphs

(d)(2)(iii)(A) through (d)(2)(iii)(C).

(4) Tread-end cementing and bead cementing/VOC

recovery device. For each tread-end cementing operation and

each bead cementing operation subject to this section that
-221­

uses a VOC emission reduction system with a control device

that recovers VOC (e.g., a carbon adsorber), the owner or

operator shall use the following procedure to determine

compliance with the g/tire or g/bead standards specified

under paragraphs (c)(5)(ii) and (c)(6)(ii) of this section:

(i) Calculate the mass of VOC used per tire cemented

at the operation subject to this section for the day (G) as

specified under paragraphs (d)(1)(i) through (d)(1)(iv) of

this section, or the mass of VOC used per bead cemented for

the day (Gb) as specified in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through

(d)(2)(iv) of this section.

(ii) Calculate the total mass of VOC recovered from

the operation subject to this section for the day (Mr):

where:

Lr = Volume of VOC recovered by a control device for a

day (liters).

Dr = Density of VOC recovered by a control device

(grams per liter).

(iii) Calculate the overall reduction efficiency for

the VOC emission reduction system (R) for the day:

(iv) Calculate the mass of VOC emitted per tire

cemented at the operation subject to this section for the
-222­

day (N) or mass of VOC emitted per bead cemented at the

operation subject to this section for the day (Nb):

(e) Monitoring requirements. Each owner or operator

subject to the provisions of this section shall install,

calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the

manufacturer's specifications the following equipment:

(1) Where a thermal incinerator is used for VOC

emission reduction, a temperature monitoring device equipped

with a continuous recorder for the temperature of the gas

stream in the combustion zone of the incinerator. The

temperature monitoring device shall have an accuracy of ±1

percent of the combustion temperature being measured in °C

or ±0.5 °C, whichever is greater.

(2) Where a catalytic incinerator is used for VOC

emission reduction, temperature monitoring devices, each

equipped with a continuous recorder, for the temperature in

the gas stream immediately before and after the catalyst bed

of the incinerator. The temperature monitoring devices

shall have an accuracy of ±1 percent of the combustion

temperature being measured in °C or ±0.5°C, whichever is

greater.

(3) Where a carbon adsorber is used for VOC emission

reduction, an organics monitoring device used to indicate

the concentration level of organic compounds based on a
-223­

detection principle such as infrared, photoionization, or

thermal conductivity, equipped with a continuous recorder,

for the outlet of the carbon bed.

(f) Recordkeeping. 

(1) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to

this section that uses a thermal incinerator shall maintain

the following records:

(i) Continuous records of the temperature of the gas

stream in the combustion zone of the incinerator.

(ii) Records of all 3-hour periods of operation for

which the average temperature of the gas stream in the

combustion zone was more than 28°C (50°F) below the

combustion zone temperature measured during the most recent

determination of the destruction efficiency of the thermal

incinerator that demonstrated that the facility was in

compliance. 

(2) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to

this section that uses a catalytic incinerator shall

maintain the following records:

(i) Continuous records of the temperature of the gas

stream both upstream and downstream of the incinerator. 

(ii) Records for all 3-hour periods of operation for

which the average temperature measured before the catalyst

bed is more than 28°C (50°F) below the gas stream

temperature measured before the catalyst bed during the most

recent determination of destruction efficiency of the
-224­

catalytic incinerator that demonstrated that the facility

was in compliance.

(iii) Records of all 3-hour periods for which the

average temperature difference across the catalyst bed is

less than 80 percent of the temperature difference measured

during the most recent determination of the destruction

efficiency of the catalytic incinerator that demonstrated

that the facility was in compliance. 

(3) Each owner or operator of a facility subject to

this section that uses a carbon adsorber shall maintain

continuous records of all 3-hour periods of operation during

which the average VOC concentration level or reading of

organics in the exhaust gases is more than 20 percent

greater than the reading measured by the organics monitoring

device during the most recent determination of the recovery

efficiency of the carbon adsorber that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(f) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing emission sources subject to this section shall

comply with the reporting requirements in § XX.3003(a) and

(b) of this subpart.
-225­

§ XX.3035 Graphic Arts Systems.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any packaging

rotogravure, publication rotogravure, or flexographic

printing press at any facility whose maximum theoretical

emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) (including

solvents used to clean each of these printing presses)

without control devices from all printing presses are

greater than or equal to 90.7 megagrams (Mg) (100 tons) per

year.

(2) An owner or operator of a facility whose

emissions are below the applicability threshold in paragraph

(a)(1) of this section shall comply with the certification,

recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of paragraph

(g)(1) of this section.

(3) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(1) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the applicability threshold.

(4) Any facility that is currently subject to a State

or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air Act

Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an applicability threshold

is and will remain subject to these provisions, even if its

throughput or emissions have fallen or later fall below the

applicability threshold.
-226-

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Flexographic printing press" means a printing press

that uses a roll printing technique in which the pattern to

be applied is raised above the printing roll and the image

carrier is made of rubber or other elastomeric materials.

"Packaging rotogravure printing press" means a

rotogravure printing press used to print on paper, paper

board, metal foil, plastic film, and other substrates that

are, in subsequent operations, formed into packaging

products and labels, and other nonpublication products. 

"Printing press" means equipment used to apply words,

pictures, or graphic designs to either a continuous

substrate or a sheet. A continuous substrate consists of

paper, plastic, or other material that is unwound from a

roll, passed through coating or ink applicators and any

associated drying areas. The press includes all coating and

ink applicators and drying areas between unwind and rewind

of the continuous substrate. A sheet consists of paper,

plastic, or other material that is carried through the

process on a moving belt. The press includes all coating

and ink applicators and drying operations between the time

that the sheet is put on the moving belt until it is taken

off.
-227-

"Publication rotogravure printing press" means a

rotogravure printing press on which the following paper

products are printed:

(1) Catalogues, including mail order and premium.

(2) Direct mail advertisements, including circulars,

letters, pamphlets, cards, and printed envelopes.

(3) Display advertisements, including general

posters, outdoor advertisements, car cards, window posters;

counter and floor displays; points-of-purchase, and other

printed display material.

(4) Magazines, books.

(5) Miscellaneous advertisements, including

brochures, pamphlets, catalogue sheets, circular folders,

announcements, package inserts, book jackets, market

circulars magazine inserts, and shopping news.

(6) Newspapers, magazine and comic supplements for

newspapers, and preprinted newspaper inserts, including hifi and spectacolor rolls and sections.

(7) Periodicals.

(8) Telephone and other directories, including

business reference services.

"Roll printing" means the application of words,

designs, and pictures to a substrate, usually by means of a

series of rolls each with only partial coverage.

"Rotogravure printing press" means any printing press

designed to print on a substrate using a gravure cylinder. 
-228-

(c) Standards. 

(1) No owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure

or flexographic printing press subject to this section shall

apply any coating or ink unless the VOC content is equal to

or less than one of the following: 

(i) 40 percent VOC by volume of the coating or ink,

excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied.

(ii) 25 percent VOC by volume of the volatile content

in the coating or ink, as applied.

(iii) 0.5 kilogram (kg) VOC per kg (0.5 pound [lb]

VOC per lb) coating solids, as applied.

(2) No owner or operator of a publication rotogravure

printing press subject to this section shall apply any

coating or ink unless the VOC content is equal to or less

than one of the following:

(i) 40 percent VOC by volume of the coating or ink,

excluding water and exempt compounds, as applied.

(ii) 25 percent VOC by volume of the volatile content

in the coating or ink, as applied.

(3) As an alternative to compliance with the limits

in paragraphs (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section, an owner or

operator of a packaging rotogravure, publication

rotogravure, or flexographic printing press may comply with

the requirements of this section by meeting the requirements

of paragraph (d) or (e) of this section.
-229-

(d) Daily-weighted average limitations.

(1) No owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure,

publication rotogravure, or flexographic printing press

shall apply, during any day, coatings or inks on the subject

printing press unless the daily-weighted average, by volume,

VOC content of all coatings and inks, as applied, each day

on the subject printing press is equal to or less than the

limitation specified in either paragraph (c)(1)(i) or

(c)(2)(i) (as determined by paragraph (d)(4)); (c)(1)(ii) or

(c)(2)(ii) (as determined by paragraph (d)(5)); or, in the

case of packaging rotogravure or flexographic printing,

(c)(l)(iii) (as determined by paragraph (d)(6)) of this

section.

(2) An owner or operator may comply with the dailyweighted average limitation by grouping coatings or inks

used on a printing press into two categories that meet the

conditions in paragraphs (d)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section. 

Any use of averaging between the two categories of coating

or inks used on a packaging rotogravure press or on a

flexographic press requires compliance with the emission

standard in paragraph (c)(1)(iii), as determined by the

equation in paragraph (d)(6). 

(i) The daily-weighted average VOC content for the

first category shall comply with paragraph (c)(1)(i) or

(c)(2)(i) of this section, as determined by applying the
-230­

equation in paragraph (d)(4) of this section to the coatings

or inks in this first category.

(ii) The daily weighted-average VOC content for the

second category shall comply with paragraph (c)(1)(ii) or

(c)(2)(ii) of this section, as determined by applying the

equation in paragraph (d)(5) of this section to the coatings

or inks in this second category. 

(3) Compliance with this section shall be

demonstrated through the applicable coating or ink analysis

test methods and procedures specified in § XX.3081 of this

subpart and the recordkeeping and reporting requirements

specified in paragraph (g)(3) of this section.

(4) The following equation shall be used to determine

if the weighted average VOC content of all coatings and

inks, as applied, each day on the subject printing press

exceeds the limitation specified in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or

(c)(2)(i) of this section: 

where: 

VOC(i)(A) = The weighted average VOC content in units of 

percent VOC by volume of all coatings and 

inks (excluding water and exempt compounds) 

used each day. 
-231­

i = Subscript denoting a specific coating or 

ink, as applied. 

n = The number of different coatings and/or 

inks, as applied, each day on a printing 

press.

Li = The liquid volume of each coating or ink, as

applied, used that day in units of liters

(L) (gallons [gal]).

V = The volume fraction of solids in each si

coating or ink, as applied. 

V = The volume fraction of VOC in each coating VOCi

or ink, as applied.

(5) The following equation shall be used to determine

if the weighted average VOC content of all coatings and

inks, as applied, each day on the subject printing press

exceeds the limitation specified in paragraph (c)(1)(ii) or

(c)(2)(ii) of this section:

where: 

VOC(i)(B) = The weighted average VOC content in units of 

percent VOC by volume of the volatile 

content of all coatings and inks used each 

day. 
-232­

i = Subscript denoting a specific coating or 

ink, as applied. 

n = The number of different coatings and/or 

inks, as applied, each day on each printing 

press.

Li = The liquid volume of each coating or ink, as

applied, in units of L (gal). 

VVOCi = The volume fraction of VOC in each coating

or ink, as applied.

V = The volume fraction of volatile matter in VCi

each coating or ink, as applied.

(6) The following equation shall be used to determine

if the weighted average VOC content of all coatings and

inks, as applied, each day on the subject printing press

exceeds the limitation specified in paragraph (c)(l)(iii) of

this section:

where: 

VOC(i)(C) = The weighted average VOC content in units of 

mass of VOC per mass of coating solids. 

i = Subscript denoting a specific coating or 

ink, as applied. 
-233­

n = The number of different coatings and/or

inks, as applied, each day on a printing

press.

Li = The liquid volume of each coating or ink, as

applied, used on the day in units of L

(gal).

Di = The density of each coating or ink, as

applied, in units of mass of coating or ink

per unit volume of coating or ink.

W = The weight fraction of VOC in each coating VOCi

or ink, as applied.

W = The weight fraction of solids in each si

coating or ink, as applied.

(e) Control devices.

(1) No owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure,

publication rotogravure, or flexographic printing press

equipped with a control system shall operate the printing

press unless the owner or operator meets one of the

requirements under paragraphs (e)(1)(i) and (ii) of this

section.

(i)(A) A carbon adsorption control device is used that

reduces the VOC emissions delivered from the capture system

to the control device by at least 90 percent by weight.

(B) An incineration control device is used to reduce

VOC emissions delivered from the capture system to the

control device by at least 90 percent, by weight.
-234-

(C) Any other VOC emission control device is used to

reduce the VOC emissions delivered from the capture system

to the control device by at least 90 percent.

(ii) The printing press is equipped with a capture

system and control device that provides an overall emission

reduction efficiency of at least:

(A) 75 percent for a publication rotogravure printing

press.

(B) 65 percent for a packaging rotogravure printing

press.

(C) 60 percent for a flexographic printing press.

(2) An owner or operator of a packaging rotogravure,

publication rotogravure, or flexographic printing press

equipped with a control system shall ensure that:

(i) A capture system and control device are operated

at all times that the printing press is in operation, and

the owner or operator demonstrates compliance with this

section through the applicable coating analysis and capture

system and control device efficiency test methods specified

in §§ XX.3081, XX.3083, and XX.3084 of this subpart and in

accordance with the capture efficiency test methods in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A (to be published).

(ii) The control device is equipped with the

applicable monitoring equipment specified in § XX.3083(b) of

this subpart, and the monitoring equipment is installed,

calibrated, operated, and maintained according to the
-235-

vendor's specifications at all times the control device is

in use.

(f) Test methods. The VOC content of each coating and

ink and the efficiency of each capture system and control

device shall be determined by the applicable test methods

and procedures specified in §§ XX.3080 through XX.3083 of

this subpart to establish the records required under

paragraph (g) of this section.

(g) Recordkeeping and reporting. 

(1) Requirements for exempt sources. By {insert date

1 year from promulgation of final rule} any owner or

operator of a printing press that is exempt from the

requirements of this section because of the criteria in

paragraph (a) of this section shall comply with the

following:

(i) Initial certification. The owner or operator

shall certify to the Administrator that the facility is

exempt under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this

section. Such certification shall include: 

(A) The name and location of the facility. 

(B) The address and telephone number of the person 

responsible for the facility.

(C) A declaration that the facility is exempt from

this section because of the criteria in paragraph (a) of

this section.
-236-

(D) Calculations demonstrating that total potential

emissions of VOC from all flexographic and rotogravure

printing presses at the facility are and will be less than

90.7 Mg (100 tons) per calendar year before the application

of capture systems and control devices. Total potential

emissions of VOC for a flexographic or rotogravure printing

facility is the sum of potential emissions of VOC from each

flexographic and rotogravure printing press at the facility. 

The following equation shall be used to calculate total

potential emissions of VOC per calendar year before the

application of capture systems and control devices for each

flexographic and rotogravure printing press at the facility:

where:

EP =

A =

Total potential emissions of VOC from one

flexographic or rotogravure printing press in

units of kilograms per year (kg/yr) (pounds per

year [lb/yr]).

Weight of VOC per volume of solids of the coating

or ink with the highest VOC content, as applied,

each year on the printing press in units of

kilograms VOC per liter (kg VOC/L) (pounds of VOC

per gallon [lb VOC/gal]) of coating or ink

solids.
-237­

B = Total volume of solids for all coatings and inks

that can potentially be applied each year on the

printing press in units of liters per year (L/yr)

(gallons per year [gal/yr]).

The instrument and/or method by which the owner or operator

accurately measured or calculated the volume of coating and

ink solids applied and the amount that can potentially be

applied each year on the printing press shall be described

in the certification to the Administrator.

(ii) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator shall

collect and record all of the following information each

year for each printing press and maintain the information at

the facility for a period of 5 years:

(A) The name and identification number of each

coating and ink, as applied, each year on each printing

press. 

(B) The weight of VOC per volume of coating solids

and the volume of solids of each coating and ink, as

applied, each year on each printing press.

(C) The total potential emissions as calculated in

paragraph (g)(1)(i)(D) of this section using VOC content for

that year.

(iii) Reporting. Any record showing that total

potential emissions of VOC from all printing presses exceed

90.7 Mg (100 tons) in any calendar year before the

application of capture systems and control devices shall be
-238­

reported by sending a copy of such record to the

Administrator within 30 calendar days after the exceedance

occurs.

(2) Requirements for sources using complying coatings

or inks. Any owner or operator of a printing press subject

to this section and complying by means of use of complying

coatings or inks, shall comply with the following:

(i) Initial certification. By {insert date 1 year

from promulgation of final rule}, or upon initial startup of

a new printing press, or upon changing the method of

compliance for an existing subject printing press from

daily-weighted averaging or control devices to use of

complying coatings or inks, the owner or operator of a

subject printing press shall certify to the Administrator

that the printing press will be in compliance with

paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section on and after

{insert date 1 year from promulgation of final rule}, or on

and after the initial startup date. Such certification

shall include:

(A) The name and location of the facility.

(B) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.

(C) Identification of subject sources.

(D) The name and identification number of each

coating and ink, as applied.
-239-

(E) The VOC content of all coatings and inks, as

applied.

(ii) Recordkeeping. By {insert date 1 year after

promulgation of final rule}, or on and after the initial

startup date, the owner or operator of a printing press

subject to the limitations of this section and complying by

means of paragraph (c)(1)(i) or (c)(2)(i) shall collect and

record all of the following information each day for each

printing press and maintain the information at the facility

for a period of 5 years:

(A) The name and identification number of each

coating and ink, as applied.

(B) The VOC content of each coating and ink, as

applied, expressed in units necessary to determine

compliance.

(iii) Reporting.

(A) Any record showing an exceedance of the VOC

contents of paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2) of this section shall

be reported by the owner or operator of the subject printing

press to the Administrator within 30 calendar days following

the exceedance.

(B) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance with this section from the use of

complying coatings to daily-weighted averaging or control

devices, the owner or operator shall comply with all

requirements of paragraph (g)(3)(i) or (g)(4)(i) of this
-240­

section, respectively. Upon changing the method of

compliance with this section from the use of complying

coatings to daily-weighted averaging or control devices, the

owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of

paragraph (g)(3) or (g)(4) of this section, respectively.

(3) Requirements for sources using daily-weighted

averaging. Any owner or operator of a printing press

subject to the limitations of this section and complying by

means of daily-weighted averaging shall comply with the

following:

(i) Initial certification. By {insert date 1 year

from promulgation of final rule}, or upon initial startup of

a new printing press, or upon changing the method of

compliance for an existing subject press from use of

complying coating or control devices to daily-weighted

averaging, the owner or operator of the subject printing

press shall certify to the Administrator that the printing

press will be in compliance with paragraph (d) of this

section on and after {insert date 1 year after promulgation

of final rule}, or on and after the initial startup date. 

Such certification shall include:

(A) The name and location of the facility.

(B) The address and telephone number of the person

responsible for the facility.
-241-

(C) The name and identification of each printing

press that will comply by means of paragraph (d) of this

section.

(D) The name and identification number of each

coating and ink available for use on each printing press.

(E) The VOC content of each coating and ink, as

applied, each day on each printing press, expressed in units

necessary to determine compliance.

(F) The instrument or method by which the owner or

operator will accurately measure or calculate the volume of

each coating and ink, as applied, each day on each printing

press.

(G) The method by which the owner or operator will

create and maintain records each day as required in

paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section.

(H) An example of the format in which the records

required in paragraph (g)(3)(ii) of this section will be

kept.

(ii) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after promulgation of final rule}, or on and after the

initial startup date, the owner or operator of a printing

press subject to the limitations of this section and

complying by means of daily-weighted averaging shall collect

and record all of the following information each day for

each printing press and maintain the information at the

facility for a period of 5 years:
-242-

(A) The name and identification number of each

coating and ink, as applied, on each printing press.

(B) The VOC content and the volume of each coating

and ink, as applied, each day on each printing press,

expressed in units necessary to determine compliance.

(C) The daily-weighted average VOC content of all

coatings and inks, as applied, on each printing press.

(iii) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after promulgation of final rule}, the owner or operator of

a subject printing press shall notify the Administrator in

the following instances:

(A) Any record showing noncompliance with paragraph

(d) shall be reported by sending a copy of such record to

the Administrator within 30 calendar days following the

occurrence. 

(B) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance with this section from daily-weighted

averaging to use of complying coatings or control devices,

the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of

paragraph (g)(2)(i) or (g)(4)(i) of this section,

respectively. Upon changing the method of compliance with

this section from daily-weighted averaging to use of

complying coatings or control devices, the owner or operator

shall comply with all requirements of paragraph (g)(2) or

(g)(3) of this section, respectively.
-243-

(4) Requirements for sources using control devices.

Any owner or operator of a printing press subject to this

section and complying by means of control devices shall

comply with § XX.3002(e) of this subpart and the following:

(i) Initial certification. By {insert date 1 year

after promulgation of final rule}, or upon initial startup

of a new printing press, or upon changing the method of

compliance for an existing printing press from use of

complying coatings or daily-weighted averaging to control

devices, the owner or operator of the subject printing press

shall perform all tests and submit to the Administrator the

results of all tests and calculations necessary to

demonstrate that the subject printing press will be in

compliance with paragraph (e) of this section, on and after

{insert date 1 year after promulgation of final rule}, or on

and after the initial startup date.

(ii) Recordkeeping. On and after {insert date 1 year

after promulgation of final rule}, or on and after the

initial startup date, the owner or operator of a printing

press subject to the limitations of this section and

complying by means of control devices shall collect and

record all of the following information each day for each

printing press and maintain the information at the facility

for a period of 5 years:

(A) Control device monitoring data.
-244-

(B) A log of operating time for the capture system,

control device, monitoring equipment and the associated

printing press.

(C) A maintenance log for the capture system, control

device, and monitoring equipment detailing all routine and

non-routine maintenance performed including dates and

duration of any outages.

(iii) Reporting. On and after {insert date 1 year

after promulgation of final rule}, the owner or operator of

a subject printing press shall notify the Administrator in

the following instances:

(A) Any record showing non-compliance with paragraph

(e), shall be reported by sending a copy of such record to

the Administrator within 30 calendar days following the

occurrence.

(B) At least 30 calendar days before changing the

method of compliance with this section from control devices

to use of complying coatings or daily-weighted averaging,

the owner or operator shall comply with all requirements of

paragraph (g)(2)(i) or (g)(3)(i) of this section,

respectively. Upon changing the method of compliance with

this section from control devices to use of complying

coatings or daily-weighted averaging, the owner or operator

shall comply with all requirements of paragraph (g)(2) or

(g)(3) of this section, respectively.
-245­

§ XX.3036 Petroleum Solvent Dry Cleaners. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to petroleum solvent dry 

cleaning facilities. 

(2) Any petroleum solvent dry cleaning facility that

consumes less than 123,000 liters (L) (32,500 gallons [gal])

of petroleum solvent per year is subject only to the

requirements of paragraph (e)(1) of this section. Any

facility that becomes or is currently subject to all of the

provisions of this section by exceeding this applicability

threshold will remain subject to these provisions even if

its consumption of petroleum solvent later falls below the

applicability threshold. Any facility that is currently

subject to a State or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to

the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 by exceeding an

applicability threshold is and will remain subject to these

provisions, even if its throughput or emissions have fallen

or later fall below the applicability threshold.

(3) This section does not apply to facilities that

use only petroleum-based solvents that contain chlorine.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Filter cartridge" means a replaceable filter unit

containing filtration paper and carbon or carbon only.
-246-

"Perceptible leaks" means any petroleum solvent vapor

or liquid leaks that are conspicuous from visual observation

or that bubble after application of a soap solution, such as

pools or droplets of liquid, open containers of solvent, or

solvent-laden waste standing open to the atmosphere. 

"Petroleum solvent cartridge filtration system" means

a process in which soil-laden solvent is pumped under

pressure from a washer through a sealed vessel containing

filter cartridges that remove entrained solids and

impurities from the solvent.

"Petroleum solvent dry cleaning facility" means a

facility engaged in the cleaning of fabrics, clothing, and

other articles in a petroleum solvent by means of one or

more washes in the solvent, extraction of excess solvent by

spinning, and drying by tumbling in an airstream. Equipment

at the facility includes, but is not limited to, any

petroleum solvent washer, dryer, solvent filter system,

settling tank, vacuum still, and any other container or

conveyor of petroleum solvent.

"Settling tank" means a container, and any associated

piping and ductwork, that gravimetrically separates oils,

grease, and dirt from petroleum solvent. 

"Solvent filter" means a discrete solvent filter unit

containing a porous medium that traps and removes

contaminants from petroleum solvent, together with the

piping and ductwork used in installing this device.
-247-

"Solvent recovery dryer" means a class of dry cleaning

dryers that employs a condenser to condense and recover

solvent vapors evaporated in a closed-loop stream of heated

air, together with the piping and ductwork used in

installing this device.

"Standard dryer" means a device that dries dry-cleaned

articles by tumbling in a heated airstream.

"Still" means a device used to volatilize, separate,

and recover petroleum solvent from contaminated solvent,

together with the piping and ductwork used in installing

this device.

"Washer" means a machine which agitates fabric

articles in a petroleum solvent bath and spins the articles

to remove the solvent, together with the piping and ductwork

used in installing this device.

(c) Standards.

(1) Fugitive emissions. The owner or operator of a

petroleum solvent dry cleaning facility subject to this

section shall ensure that:

(i) There are no perceptible leaks from any portion

of the equipment.

(ii) All washer lint traps, button traps, access

doors, and other parts of the equipment where solvent may be

exposed to the atmosphere are kept closed at all times

except when opening is required for proper operation or

maintenance.
-248-

(2) Leak repair. The owner or operator of a

petroleum solvent dry cleaning facility subject to this

section shall repair any perceptible leaks in any portion of

the dry cleaning equipment within 3 working days after the

leak is detected. If necessary repair parts are not on

hand, the owner or operator shall order these parts within

3 working days and repair the leaks no later than 3 working

days after the parts arrive. 

(3) Dryers. The owner or operator of a petroleum

solvent dry cleaning facility subject to this section shall

do one of the following:

(i) Limit the volatile organic compound (VOC)

emissions from each standard dryer to 1.6 kilograms (kg)

(3.5 pounds [lb]) VOC per 45 kg (100 lb) dry weight of

articles dry cleaned.

(ii) Install, maintain, and operate a solventrecovery dryer such that the dryer remains closed and the

recovery phase continues until a final recovered solvent

flow rate of no greater than 50 milliliters per minute

(ml/min) (0.013 gallons per minute [gal/min]) is attained. 

(4) Filtration systems. The owner or operator of a

petroleum solvent filtration system subject to this section

shall do either paragraph (c)(4)(i) or (c)(4)(ii) of this

section: 
-249-

(i) Reduce the VOC content in filtration waste to

1 kg (2.2 lb) VOC per 100 kg (220 lb) dry weight of articles

dry cleaned.

(ii)(A) Install, maintain, and operate a cartridge

filtration system according to the manufacturer's

instructions.

(B) Drain all filter cartridges in their sealed

housings for 8 hours or more before removing them.

(d) Test methods and procedures.

(1) To be in compliance with paragraph (c)(3)(i) of

this section, each owner or operator of a petroleum solvent

dry cleaning facility subject to this section shall:

(i) Calculate the weight of VOC's vented from the

dryer emission control device calculated by using Methods 1,

2, and 25A (40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A) with the following

specifications:

(A) Field calibration of the flame ionization

analyzer with propane standards. 

(B) Laboratory determination of the ratio of the

flame ionization analyzer response to a given parts per

million (ppm) by volume concentration of propane to the

response to the same ppm concentration of the VOC's to be

measured.

(C) Determination of the weight of VOC's vented to

the atmosphere by:
-250-

(1) Multiplying the ratio determined in

paragraph (d)(1)(i)(B) of this section by the measured

concentration of VOC gas (as propane) as indicated by the

flame ionization analyzer response output record. 

(2) Converting the ppm by volume value calculated in

paragraph (d)(1)(i)(C)(1) of this section into a mass

concentration value for the VOC's present.

(3) Multiplying the mass concentration value

calculated in paragraph (d)(1)(i)(C)(2) of this section by

the exhaust flow rate determined by using Methods 1 and 2.

(ii) Calculate the dry weight of articles dry 

cleaned. 

(iii) Repeat paragraphs (d)(1)(i) and (d)(1)(ii) of 

this section for normal operating conditions that encompass

at least 30 dryer loads, which total not less than 1,800 kg

(4,000 lb) dry weight and represent a normal range of

variations in fabrics, solvents, load weights, temperatures,

flow rates, and process deviations.

(2) To determine initial compliance with paragraph

(c)(3)(ii) of this section, the owner or operator of a

petroleum solvent dry cleaning facility shall:

(i) Verify that the flow rate of recovered solvent

from the solvent-recovery dryer at the end of the recovery

phase is no greater than 50 ml/min (0.013 gal/min) by:
-251-

(A) Determining the appropriate location for

measuring the flow rate of recovered solvent; the suggested

point is at the outlet of the solvent-water separator.

(B) Near the end of the recovery cycle, diverting the

flow of recovered solvent to a graduated cylinder.

(C) Continuing the cycle until a flow rate of solvent

no greater than 50 ml/min (0.013 gal/min) is reached.

(D) Recording the type of articles dry cleaned and

the length of the cycle.

(ii) To determine initial compliance with paragraph

(c)(3)(ii) of this section, conduct the procedure in

paragraph (d)(2)(i) for at least 50 percent of the dryer

loads over a period of no less than 2 consecutive weeks. 

(3) To be in compliance with paragraph (c)(4) of this

section, the owner or operator of a petroleum solvent dry

cleaning facility subject to this section shall:

(i) Calculate the weight of volatile organic

compounds (VOC's) contained in each of at least five 1-kg

(2.2-lb) samples of filtration waste material taken at

intervals of at least 1 week, by employing ASTM D322-80

(Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline

Engine Oils by Distillation).

(ii) Calculate the total dry weight of articles dry

cleaned during the intervals between removal of filtration

waste samples, as well as the total mass of filtration waste

produced in the same period.
-252-

(iii) Calculate the weight of VOC's contained in

filtration waste material per 100 kg (220 lb) dry weight of

articles dry cleaned.

(4) Compliance with paragraph (c) of this section

requires that each owner or operator of a petroleum solvent

dry cleaning facility subject to this section make weekly

inspections of washers, dryers, solvent filters, settling

tanks, vacuum stills, and all containers and conveyors of

petroleum solvent to identify perceptible VOC vapor or

liquid leaks.

(e) Recordkeeping requirements. 

(1) The owner or operator of a petroleum solvent dry

cleaning facility claiming exemption from this section shall

maintain records of annual solvent consumption in a readily

accessible location for at least 5 years to document whether

the applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(2) of this

section has been exceeded.

(2) The owner or operator of a petroleum solvent dry

cleaning facility subject to this section shall maintain the

following records in a readily accessible location for at

least 5 years:

(i) Records of the weight of VOC's vented from the

dryer emission control device calculated according to

paragraph (d)(1)(i) of this section.
-253-

(ii) Records of the dry weight of articles dry

cleaned for use in the calculations required in

paragraphs (d)(1), (d)(2), and (d)(3) of this section.

(iii) Records of the weight of VOC's contained in the

filtration waste samples required by paragraph (d)(3)(i) of

this section.

(iv) Records of the weight of VOC's in filtration

waste material per 100 kg (220 lb) dry weight of articles

dry cleaned.

(f) Reporting requirements. The owner or operator of

any facility containing sources subject to this section

shall:

(1) Comply with the initial compliance certification

requirements of § XX.3003(a) of this subpart.

(2) Comply with the requirements of § XX.3003(b) of

this subpart for excess emissions related to the control

devices required to comply with paragraphs (c)(2),

(c)(3)(ii), and (c)(4)(ii) of this section.
-254­

§ XX.3037 Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to any perchloroethylene dry 

cleaning facility.

(2) Perchloroethylene dry cleaning facilities that

are coin-operated are exempt from the provisions of

paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section. 

(3) Any other facilities that the Administrator

determines are demonstrated to experience hardships that

justify exclusion are exempt from the provisions of

paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section provided that

their exemption is approved as part of a State

implementation plan (SIP) or Federal implementation plan

(FIP) revision.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Dry cleaning facility" means a facility engaged in

the cleaning of fabrics in an essentially nonaqueous solvent

by means of one or more washes in solvent, extraction of

excess solvent by spinning, and drying by tumbling in an

airstream. The facility includes, but is not limited to,

any washer, dryer, filter and purification system, waste

disposal system, holding tank, pump, and attendant piping

and valves.
-255-

(c) Standards. The owner or operator of a

perchloroethylene dry cleaning facility subject to this

section shall:

(1) Vent the entire dryer exhaust through a properly

functioning carbon adsorption system or equally effective

control device.

(2) Emit no more than 100 parts per million

volumetric (ppmv) of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from

the dryer control device before dilution.

(3) Maintain the system so as to prevent the leaking

of liquid VOC and prevent perceptible vapor losses from

gaskets, seals, ducts, and related equipment.

(4) Cook or treat all diatomaceous earth filters so

that the residue contains 25 kilograms (kg) (55 pounds [lb])

or less of VOC per 100 kg (220 lb) of wet waste material.

(5) Reduce the VOC's from all solvent stills to 60 kg

(132 lb) or less per 100 kg (220 lb) of wet waste material.

(6) Drain all filtration cartridges in the filter

housing for at least 24 hours before discarding the

cartridges.

(7) Dry or store all drained cartridges so that VOC

is not emitted to the atmosphere.

(d) Compliance provisions. 

(1) Compliance with paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(6), and

(c)(7) of this section shall be determined by means of a

visual inspection.
-256-

(2) Compliance with paragraph (c)(3) of this section

shall be determined by means of a visual inspection of the

following components:

(i) Hose connections, unions, couplings and valves.

(ii) Machine door gaskets and seatings.

(iii) Filter head gasket and seating.

(iv) Pumps.

(v) Base tanks and storage containers.

(vi) Water separators.

(vii) Filter sludge recovery.

(viii) Distillation unit.

(ix) Diverter valves.

(x) Saturated lint from lint basket.

(xi) Cartridge filters.

(3) Compliance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section

shall be determined by one of the following:

(i) A test as described in EPA Guideline Series

document, "Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds,"

EPA-450/2-78-041.

(ii) Proof of the proper installation, operation, and

maintenance of equipment that has been demonstrated to be

adequate to meet the emission limit in paragraph (c)(2) of

this section.

(4) Compliance with paragraphs (c)(4) and (c)(5) of

this section shall be determined by means of the test method

in paragraph (e) of this section.
-257-

(e) Test Methods. The test method in paragraph (e)

of this section shall be used to determine compliance with

paragraphs (c)(4) and (c)(5) of this section.

(1) Applicability of the method. This method is

applicable to the sampling and determination of

perchloroethylene in wet waste material from diatomaceous

earth filters and solvent stills at perchloroethylene dry

cleaners on a weight percent basis. 

(2) Principle. Samples are obtained from waste

material at a perchloroethylene dry cleaning facility. A

known sample mass is mixed with water and placed in a glass

still equipped with a Liebig straight-tube-type reflux

condenser and a Bidwell-Sterling-type graduated trap. Water

and perchloroethylene in the sample are separated through

repeated distillation until all of the perchloroethylene has

been recovered in the trap and the volume recorded. The

mass of perchloroethylene collected is determined from the

product of its volume and specific gravity. The total

weight of perchloroethylene obtained is divided by the total

weight of sample analyzed to obtain the perchloroethylene

content of the wet waste residue.

(3) Apparatus. The following apparatus shall be 

used: 

(i) Flask. Round-bottom, short-necked flask having a 

nominal capacity of 500 milliliters (ml). Figure 1 shows

recommended designs of glass connections. 
-258­

Figure 1. Alternative Closures for Trap
-259-

(ii) Condenser. Liebig straight-tube type, with a

jacket not less than 400 millimeters (mm) long and with an

inner tube having an outside diameter of 10 to 13 mm. 

Figure 1 shows recommended designs of glass connections. 

(iii) Trap. Bidwell-Sterling type, graduated from 0

to 5 ml in 0.1-ml divisions. Calibrate at four or more

points by first filling the trap with water and then adding

a hydrophobic solvent with a specific gravity greater than

water from a standard buret having a calibrated capacity at

least equal to that of the trap. The error of the indicated 

volume shall not exceed 0.05 ml. Figure 2 shows details of 

a suitable trap. 

(iv) Heater. Any suitable gas burner or electric

heater for the glass flask.

(v) Sample container. Metal can with a leakproof

closure, 150 ml.

(4) Sampling procedure.

(i) From distiller (cooker).

(A) After a cycle of perchloroethylene distilling and

when the still bottoms have come approximately to room

temperature (i.e., 21 to 38°C), obtain three 150-ml samples

of the wet waste residue from the distiller (cooker) drain. 

Completely fill each of the three sample containers to

prevent evaporation loss. 

(B) Immediately close the sample container lids

securely.
-260­

Figure 2 Apparatus for Determining Perchloroethylene

Content of Wet Waste Materials
-261-

(C) Label the containers using waterproof and oilproof ink.

(D) Store the samples in a cool, dry atmosphere.

(E) Transfer the samples to the appropriate

laboratory for analysis within 48 hours of obtaining the

samples. The samples shall remain sealed until the time of

analysis.

(ii) From wet waste containers.

(A) Large unmixed containers. Using a clean sampling

spoon, spatula, or other appropriate device, obtain three

150-ml samples. Each sample shall be comprised of three 50­

ml subsamples, one each from the top, midpoint, and bottom

of the wet waste container. Transfer the three subsamples

that comprise each of the 150-ml samples to a sample

container. Each of the three sample containers should be

completely filled to prevent evaporation loss.

(B) Small containers. If the waste container can be

thoroughly mixed prior to sampling, mix the container

contents thoroughly and obtain three 150-ml samples by

pipetting. The pipette should have a capacity of at least

150 ml and should be long enough to reach within 2 cm of the

bottom of the wet waste container. Each 150-ml sample

should be transferred to a sample container. Each sample

container should be completely filled to prevent evaporation

loss.
-262-

(C) Immediately close the sample container lids

securely.

(D) Label the containers using waterproof and oilproof ink.

(E) Store the samples in a cool, dry atmosphere.

(F) Transfer the samples to the appropriate

laboratory for analysis within 48 hours of obtaining the

samples. The samples shall remain sealed until the time of

analysis.

(5) Analysis procedure.

(i) Conduct duplicate analyses of each sample and

record the recovered perchloroethylene from each analysis.

(ii) For each analysis, weigh and record the weight

of an empty flask and stopper (Wi) to the nearest 0.1 mg.

(iii) Mix each unopened sample container by shaking.

(iv) Open the sample container and immediately

transfer approximately 20 ml of wet waste material to the

flask.

(v) Stopper the flask and reseal the sample

container. 

(vi) Weigh and record the weight of the flask plus

added portion, di, to the nearest 0.1 g. The mass added to

the flask shall not exceed 35 g. 

(vii) Add water to the flask to make a total mixture

volume of approximately 250 ml.

(viii) Fill the trap with cold water.
-263-

(ix) Connect the flask to the distillation trap.

(x) Assemble the apparatus as shown in Figure 1 or 2

so that the tip of the condenser is directly over the

indentation in the trap.

(xi) Heat the flask so that refluxing starts within 7

to 10 minutes. Adjust the rate of boiling so that the

condensed distillate is discharged from the condenser at a

rate of 1 to 3 drops per second.

(xii) From the time refluxing starts, obtain readings

of the amount of perchloroethylene collected after 5, 15,

and 30 minutes, and each following 15 minutes. End the test

when the volume of perchloroethylene is increased by not

more than 0.1 ml in a 15-minute period or the amount of

perchloroethylene exceeds the trap capacity.

(xiii) At the end of the test run, turn off the

heater. Allow the equipment to stand at least 30 minutes to

allow the distillate to settle clear and to cool to room

temperature. 

(xiv) Read the volume of perchloroethylene collected

in the trap. If the amount of perchloroethylene exceeded

the calibrated capacity of the trap, report the volume of 

perchloroethylene as 5.0 ml plus.

(6) Calculations. 

(i) Calculate the total mass of the portion in the 

flask: 
-264­

where: 

Si = Weight of wet waste portion, g. 

Wi = Weight of the empty flask and stopper, g. 

di = Weight of flask plus wet waste portion, g. 

(ii) Calculate the total mass of perchloroethylene 

(fi) collected in the trap from each analysis:

where: 

fi = Weight of perchloroethylene in the wet waste 

portion, g.

 Vi = Volume of perchloroethylene collected in the 

trap, ml.

 D = Density of perchloroethylene at 20°C, 

1.6227 g/ml. 

(iii) Calculate the perchloroethylene content of the

wet waste (R) using the following equation:
-265­

where: 

R = The perchloroethylene content of the wet waste, 

expressed in kg per 100 kg (lb per 200 lb) wet 

waste material. 

fi = Weight of perchloroethylene in the wet waste 

portion, g. 

Si = Weight of wet waste portion, g. 

n = The total number of analyses. 

(7) Precision and Accuracy. 

(i) Accuracy. Concentrations of audit samples 

obtained by the analyst shall agree within 10 percent of the

actual concentrations. If the 10-percent specification is

not met, reanalyze the compliance samples and audit samples,

and include initial and reanalysis values in the test

report.

(ii) Precision. Duplicate results produced by the

same analyst should be considered suspect if they differ by

more than 5 percent.

(f) Recordkeeping. Each owner or operator of a

perchloroethylene dry cleaning facility subject to this

section shall maintain the following records in a readily

accessible location for at least 5 years and shall make

these records available to the Administrator upon verbal or

written request:

(1) A record of control equipment maintenance, such

as replacement of the carbon in a carbon adsorption unit.
-266-

(2) A record of the results of visual leak

inspections conducted in accordance with paragraph (d) of

this section. 

(3) The results of all tests conducted in accordance

with the requirements described in paragraphs (d)(3) and

(d)(4) of this section.

(g) Reporting requirements. The owner or operator of

any facility containing sources subject to this section

shall:

(1) Comply with the initial compliance certification

requirements of § XX.3003(a) of this subpart.

(2) Comply with the requirements of § XX.3003(b) of

this subpart for excess emissions related to the control

devices required to comply with paragraph (c) of this

section.
-267­

§ XX.3038 Leaks from Synthetic Organic Chemical, Polymer,

and Resin Manufacturing Equipment.

(a) Applicability.

(1)(i) This section applies to all equipment in

volatile organic compound (VOC) service in any process unit

at a synthetic organic chemical, polymer, and resin

manufacturing facility. 

(ii) A piece of equipment is not in VOC service if

the VOC content of the process fluid can never be reasonably

expected to exceed 10 percent by weight. For purposes of

this demonstration, the following methods and procedures

shall be used:

(A) Procedures that conform to the general methods in

ASTM E260, E168, and E169 shall be used to determine the

percent VOC content in the process fluid that is contained

in or contacts a piece of equipment.

(B) Organic compounds that are considered by the

Administrator to have negligible photochemical reactivity

may be excluded from the total quantity of organic compounds

in determining the VOC content of the process fluid.

(C) Engineering judgment may be used to estimate the

VOC content, if a piece of equipment had not been shown

previously to be in VOC service. If the Administrator

disagrees with the judgment, paragraphs (i)(2)(i),

(i)(2)(ii), and (i)(2)(iii) of this section shall be used to

resolve the disagreement.
-268-

(2) This section does not apply to any synthetic

organic chemical, polymer, or resin manufacturing facility

whose annual design production capacity is less than 1,000

megagrams (Mg) (1,100 tons) of product. 

(3) The requirements of paragraph (d) of this section

do not apply to:

(i) Any equipment in vacuum service.

(ii) Any pressure-relief valve that is connected to

an operating flare header or vapor recovery device.

(iii) Any liquid pump that has a dual mechanical pump

seal with a barrier fluid system.

(iv) Any compressor with a degassing vent that is

routed to an operating VOC control device.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"[In] gas/vapor service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service contains process fluid that is in

the gaseous state at operating conditions.

"[In] heavy liquid service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service is not in gas/vapor service or not

in light liquid service.

"[In] light liquid service" means that the piece of

equipment in VOC service contacts a fluid that contains

greater than 10 percent by weight light liquid and meets the

following conditions: (1) the vapor pressure of one or more
-269­

of the components is greater than 0.3 kiloPascal (kPa)

(0.044 inch of mercury [in. Hg]) at 20°C (68°F) (standard

reference tests or ASTM D-2879 shall be used to determine

the vapor pressures); and (2) the fluid is a liquid at

operating conditions.

"Process unit" means components assembled to produce,

as intermediate or final products, one or more of the

chemicals listed in 40 CFR 60.489. A process unit can

operate independently if supplied with sufficient feed or

raw materials and sufficient storage facilities for the

product.

"[In] vacuum service" means that the equipment in VOC

service is operating at an internal pressure that is at

least 5 kPa (0.73 in. Hg) below ambient pressure.

"[In] VOC service" means that the piece of equipment

contains or contacts a process fluid that is at least 10

percent VOC by weight. The provisions of paragraph

(a)(1)(ii) of this section specify how to determine that a

piece of equipment is not in VOC service.

(c) Standards: General. The owner or operator of a

synthetic organic chemical, polymer, or resin manufacturing

facility subject to this section shall ensure that:

(1) Any open-ended line or valve is sealed with a

second valve, blind flange, cap, or plug except during

operations requiring process fluid flow through the openended line or valve.
-270-

(2) When a second valve is used, each open-ended line

or valve equipped with a second valve is operated in such a

manner that the valve on the process fluid end is closed

before the second valve is closed.

(3) When a double block-and-bleed system is used, the

bleed valve or line is open only during operations that

require venting of the line between the block valves and is

closed at all other times.

(d) Standards: Equipment inspection program. The

owner or operator of a synthetic organic chemical, polymer, 

or resin manufacturing facility shall conduct the equipment

inspection program described in paragraphs (d)(1) through

(d)(3) of this section using the test methods specified in

§ XX.3085 of this subpart.

(1) The owner or operator of a synthetic organic

chemical, polymer, or resin manufacturing facility shall

conduct quarterly monitoring of each:

(i) Compressor.

(ii) Pump in light liquid service.

(iii) Valve in light liquid service, except as

provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.

(iv) Valve in gas/vapor service, except as provided

in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section.

(v) Pressure relief valve in gas/vapor service,

except as provided in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this

section.
-271-

(2) The owner or operator of a synthetic organic

chemical or resin manufacturing facility shall conduct a

weekly visual inspection of each pump in light liquid

service. 

(3) The owner or operator of a synthetic organic

chemical, polymer, or resin manufacturing facility shall

monitor each pressure relief valve after each overpressure

relief to ensure that the valve has properly reseated and is

not leaking.

(4)(i) When an instrument reading of 10,000 parts per

million (ppm) or greater is measured, it shall be determined

that a leak has been detected.

(ii) If there are indications of liquid dripping from

the equipment, it shall be determined that a leak has been

detected.

(5) When a leak is detected, the owner or operator

shall affix a weatherproof, readily visible tag in a bright

color such as red or yellow bearing the equipment

identification number and the date on which the leak was

detected. This tag shall remain in place until the leaking

equipment is repaired. The requirements of this paragraph

apply to any leak detected by the equipment inspection

program and to any leak from any equipment that is detected

on the basis of sight, sound, or smell.
-272-

(e) Standards: Alternative standards for valves--

skip period leak detection and repair.

(1) An owner or operator shall comply with the

requirements for valves in gas/vapor service and valves in

light liquid service as described in paragraph (d) of this

section except as provided in paragraph (e)(2) of this

section.

(2)(i) If the percent of valves leaking is equal or

less than 2.0 for two consecutive quarters, an owner or

operator may skip alternate quarterly leak detection periods

for the valves in gas/vapor and light liquid service.

(ii) If the percent of valves leaking is equal to or

less than 2.0 for five consecutive quarters, an owner or

operator may skip three of the quarterly leak detection

periods per year for the valves in gas/vapor and light

liquid service, provided that each valve shall be monitored

once each year. 

(iii) If at any time the percent of valves leaking is

greater than 2.0, the owner or operator shall resume

compliance with the requirements in paragraph (d) of this

section but may again elect to comply with the alternative

standards in paragraph (e) of this section.

(iv) The percent of valves leaking shall be

determined by dividing the sum of valves found leaking

during current monitoring and previously leaking valves for
-273­

which repair has been delayed by the total number of valves

subject to the requirements of this section.

(v) An owner or operator shall keep a record of the

percent of valves found leaking during each leak detection

period.

(f) Standards: Alternative standards for unsafe-tomonitor valves and difficult-to-monitor valves.

(1) Any valve is exempt from the requirements of

paragraph (d) as an unsafe-to-monitor valve if:

(i) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates

that the valve is unsafe to monitor because monitoring

personnel would be exposed to an immediate danger as a

consequence of complying with paragraph (d). 

(ii) The owner or operator of the valve adheres to a

written plan that requires monitoring of the valve as

frequently as practicable during safe-to-monitor times.

(2) Any valve is exempt from the requirements of

paragraph (d) as a difficult-to-monitor valve if:

(i) The owner or operator of the valve demonstrates

that the valve cannot be monitored without elevating the

monitoring personnel more than 2 meters (m) (6.6 feet [ft])

above a support surface.

(ii) The owner or operator of the valve follows a

written plan that requires monitoring of the valve at least

once per calendar year.
-274-

(3) The alternative standards of paragraph (e) are

not available to valves subject to the requirements of

paragraph (f) of this section.

(g) Standards: Equipment repair program. The owner

or operator of a synthetic organic chemical, polymer, or

resin manufacturing facility refinery shall: 

(1) Make a first attempt at repair for any leak not

later than 5 calendar days after the leak is detected.

(2) Repair any leak as soon as practicable, but not

later than 15 calendar days after it is detected except as

provided in paragraph (h) of this section.

(h) Standards: Delay of repair. 

(1) Delay of repair of equipment for which a leak has

been detected is allowed if repair is technically infeasible

without a process unit shutdown. Repair of such equipment

shall occur before the end of the first process unit

shutdown after the leak is detected.

(2) Delay of repair of equipment is also allowed for

equipment that is isolated from the process and that does

not remain in VOC service after the leak is detected.

(3) Delay of repair beyond a process unit shutdown is

allowed for a valve, if valve assembly replacement is

necessary during the process unit shutdown, and if valve

assembly supplies have been depleted, where valve assembly

supplies had been sufficiently stocked before the supplies

were depleted. Delay of repair beyond the first process
-275­

unit shutdown is not allowed unless the next process unit

shutdown occurs sooner than 6 months after the first process

unit shutdown. 

(i) Test methods and procedures.

(1) In conducting the monitoring required to comply

with paragraph (d) of this section, the owner or operator

shall use the test methods specified in § XX.3085 of this

subpart.

(2) The owner or operator shall demonstrate that a

piece of equipment is in light liquid service by showing

that all of the following conditions apply:

(i) The vapor pressure of one or more of the

components is greater than 0.3 kPa (0.044 in. Hg) at 20°C

(68°F) standard reference texts or ASTM D2879 shall be used

to determine the vapor pressures.

(ii) The total concentration of the pure components

having a vapor pressure greater than 0.3 kPa (0.044 in. Hg)

at 20°C (68°F) is equal to or greater than 20 percent by

weight.

(iii) The fluid is a liquid at operating conditions. 

(3) Samples used in conjunction with

paragraphs (i)(2) and (i)(3) of this section shall be

representative of the process fluid that is contained in or

contacts the equipment.
-276-

(j) Recordkeeping requirements. 

(1) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section shall comply with the recordkeeping

requirements of this section.

(2) An owner or operator of more than one facility

subject to the provisions of this section may comply with

the recordkeeping requirements for these facilities in one

recordkeeping system if the system identifies each record by

each facility.

(3) When each leak is detected as specified in

paragraph (d) of this section, the following information

shall be recorded in a log and shall be kept for 5 years in

a readily accessible location:

(i) The instrument and operator identification

numbers and the equipment identification number.

(ii) The date the leak was detected and the dates of

each attempt to repair the leak.

(iii) The repair methods employed in each attempt to

repair the leak.

(iv) The notation "Above 10,000" if the maximum

instrument reading measured by the methods specified in

§ XX.3085 of this subpart after each repair attempt is equal

to or greater than 10,000 ppm.

(v) The notation "Repair delayed" and the reason for

the delay if a leak is not repaired within 15 calendar days

after the leak is discovered.
-277-

(vi) The signature of the owner or operator (or

designate) whose decision it was that repair could not be

effected without a process shutdown.

(vii) The expected date of successful repair of the

leak if a leak is not repaired within 15 days.

(viii) The dates of process unit shutdowns that occur

while the equipment is unrepaired.

(ix) The date of successful repair of the leak.

(4) A list of identification numbers of equipment in

vacuum service shall be recorded in a log that is kept in a

readily accessible location.

(5) The following information for valves complying

with paragraph (e) of this section shall be recorded in a

log that is kept for 5 years in a readily accessible

location:

(i) A schedule of monitoring.

(ii) The percent of valves found leaking during each

monitoring period.

(6) The following information pertaining to all

valves subject to the requirements of paragraph (f) of this

section shall be recorded in a log that is kept for 5 years

in a readily accessible location:

(i) A list of identification numbers for valves that

are designated as unsafe to monitor, an explanation for each

valve stating why the valve is unsafe to monitor, and the

plan for monitoring each valve. 
-278-

(ii) A list of identification numbers for valves that

are designated as difficult to monitor, an explanation for

each valve stating why the valve is difficult to monitor,

and the schedule for monitoring each valve.

(7) The following information shall be recorded in a

log that is kept for 5 years in a readily accessible

location for use in determining exemptions as provided in

paragraph (a) of this section:

(i) An analysis demonstrating the design capacity of

the affected facility.

(ii) Information and data used to demonstrate that a

piece of equipment is not in VOC service.

(k) Reporting. The owner or operator of any facility

containing sources subject to this section shall comply with

the requirements in § XX.3003(a) and (b) of this subpart.
-279­

§ XX.3039 Manufacture of High-Density Polyethylene,

Polypropylene, and Polystyrene Resins.

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to the following process

sections at facilities engaged in manufacturing high-density

polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene:

(i) For manufacturing high-density polyethylene using

a liquid-phase slurry process: each material recovery

section and each product finishing section.

(ii) For manufacturing polypropylene using a liquidphase process: each polymerization reaction section, each

material recovery section, and each product finishing

section.

(iii) For manufacturing polystyrene using a

continuous process: each material recovery section.

(2) Facilities having all process sections with

uncontrolled emission rates at or below those identified in

paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section are exempt

from the requirements of this section except that owners or

operators seeking to comply with this section by complying

with the uncontrolled emission rates in paragraphs (a)(2)(i)

through (vi) are still required to comply with the initial

certification requirements at § XX.3003(a) of this subpart. 
-280­

Production Process Process Section Uncontrolled

emission rate,

megagram of

product per

year (Mg/yr)

(i) High-density polyethylene, 

liquid-phase slurry 

material recovery section 7 

process 

(ii) High-density polyethylene, 

liquid-phase slurry 

product finishing section 19 

process 

(iii) Polypropylene, liquidphase process polymerization reaction 

section

 7 

(iv) Polypropylene, liquidphase process material recovery section 8 

(v) Polypropylene, liquidphase process product finishing section 36 

(vi) Polystyrene, continuous material recovery section 7 

process 

(3) Any facility that becomes or is currently subject

to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability thresholds in paragraph (a)(2) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

emissions later fall below the thresholds.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Continuous process" means a polymerization process in

which reactants are introduced continuously and products are

removed either continuously or intermittently at regular

intervals so that the process can be operated and polymers

produced essentially continuously.
-281-

"Flame zone" means that portion of the combustion

chamber in a boiler occupied by the flame envelope. 

"High-density polyethylene" means a linear,

thermoplastic polymer comprised of at least 50 percent

ethylene by weight and having a density greater than

0.94 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) (59 pounds per cubic

foot [lb/ft3]).

"Liquid-phase process" means a polymerization process

in which the polymerization reaction is carried out in the

liquid phase; i.e., the monomer(s) and any catalyst are

dissolved or suspended in a liquid solvent.

"Liquid-phase slurry process" means a liquid-phase

polymerization process in which the monomer(s) are in

solution (completely dissolved) in a liquid solvent, but the

polymer is in the form of solid particles suspended in the

liquid reaction mixture during the polymerization reaction,

sometimes called a particle-form process.

"Polypropylene" means a polymer comprised of at least

50 percent propylene by weight.

"Polystyrene" means a thermoplastic polymer comprised

of at least 80 percent styrene or para-methylstyrene by

weight.

"Process line" means a group of equipment assembled

that can operate independently if supplied with sufficient

raw materials to produce polypropylene, high-density

polyethylene, or polystyrene. A process line consists of
-282­

the equipment in the following process sections (to the

extent that these process sections are present at a plant): 

raw materials preparation, polymerization reaction, product

finishing, product storage, and material recovery.

"Process section" means the equipment designed to

accomplish a general but well-defined task in polymer

production. Process sections include raw materials

preparation, polymerization reaction, material recovery,

product finishing, and product storage and may be dedicated

to a single process line or common to more than one process

line.

"Product finishing section" means the equipment that

treats, shapes, or modifies the polymer or resin to produce

the finished end product of the particular facility. 

Product finishing equipment may extrude and pelletize, cool

and dry, blend, introduce additives, cure, or anneal. 

Product finishing does not include polymerization or shaping

such as fiber spinning, molding, or fabricating or

modification such as fiber stretching and crimping.

(c) Standards: High-density polyethylene and

polypropylene.

(1) The owner or operator of a high-density

polyethylene or polypropylene process line containing a

process section subject to this section shall comply with

one of the following:
-283-

(i) Reduce emissions of total volatile organic

compounds (VOC's) by 98 weight percent, determined according

to the procedure specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this

section, or to a VOC concentration of 20 parts per million

volumetric (ppmv), as determined by the procedure specified

in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, on a dry basis,

whichever is less stringent. Total VOC is expressed as the

sum of the actual compounds, not carbon equivalents. If an

owner or operator elects to comply with the 20 ppmv

concentration standard, the concentration shall include a

correction to 3 percent oxygen only when supplemental

combustion air is used to combust the vent stream. The

procedure in paragraph (e)(3) shall be used to correct the

concentration to 3 percent oxygen.

(ii) Combust the emissions in a boiler or process

heater with a design heat input capacity of 150 million

British thermal units per hour (Btu/hr) or greater by

introducing the vent stream into the flame zone of the

boiler or process heater. 

(iii) Combust the emissions in a flare as follows:

(A) Flares shall be designed for and operated with no

visible emissions as determined by the method specified in

paragraph (e)(4)(i) of this section, except for periods not

to exceed a total of 5 minutes during any 2 consecutive

hours.
-284-

(B) Flares shall be operated with a flame present at

all times, as determined by the method specified in

paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section.

(C) Flares used to comply with provisions of this

section shall be steam-assisted, air-assisted, or

nonassisted.

(D) Flares shall be used only with the net heating

value of the gas being combusted being 11.2 megajoules per

standard cubic meter (MJ/scm) (300 Btu per standard cubic

foot [Btu/scf]) or greater if the flare is steam-assisted or

air-assisted; or with the net heating value of the gas being

combusted being 7.45 MJ/scm (200 Btu/scf) or greater if the

flare is nonassisted. The net heating value of the gas

being combusted shall be determined by the method specified

in paragraph (e)(5)(vii) of this section.

(E)(1) Steam-assisted and nonassisted flares shall be

designed for and operated with an exit velocity, as

determined by the method specified in paragraph (e)(5)(iv)

of this section, less than 18.3 meters per second (m/s)

(60 feet per second [ft/s]), except as provided in

paragraphs (c)(1)(iii)(E)(2) and (3) of this section.

(2) Steam-assisted and nonassisted flares designed

for and operated with an exit velocity, as determined by the

methods specified in paragraph (e)(5)(iv) of this section

equal to or greater than 18.3 m/s (60 ft/s) but less than

122 m/s (400 ft/s) are allowed if the net heating value of
-285­

the gas being combusted is greater than 37.3 MJ/scm

(1,000 Btu/scf).

(3) Steam-assisted and nonassisted flares designed

for and operated with an exit velocity, as determined by the

methods specified in paragraph (e)(5)(iv) of this section,

less than the velocity, Vmax, as determined by the method

specified in paragraph (e)(5)(v) of this section and less

than 122 m/s (400 ft/s) are allowed.

(F) Air-assisted flares shall be designed and

operated with an exit velocity less than the velocity, Vmax,

as determined by the method specified in

paragraph (e)(5)(vi) of this section.

(d) Standards: Polystyrene. The owner or operator

of a polystyrene process line containing process sections

subject to this section shall comply with one of the

following:

(1) Not allow continuous VOC emissions from the

material recovery section to be greater than 0.12 kilogram

(kg) VOC per 1,000 kg of product (0.12 lb VOC per 1,000 lb

of product).

(2) Not allow the outlet gas stream from each final

condenser in the material recovery section to exceed -25°C

(-13°F).
-286-

(e) Test methods and procedures. 

(1) The owner or operator shall determine compliance

with the percent emission reduction standard in paragraph

(c)(1)(i) of this section as follows:

(i) The emission reduction of total VOC shall be

determined using the following equation:

where: 

P = Percent emission reduction, by weight. 

Einlet = Mass rate of total VOC entering the control 

device, kg VOC/hr. 

Eoutlet = Mass rate of total VOC discharged to the 

atmosphere, kg VOC/hr. 

(ii) The mass rates of total VOC (Ei, Eo) shall be

computed using the following equations:
-287­

where: 

Cij, Coj = Concentration of sample component "j" of the 

gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the 

control device, respectively, dry basis, 

ppmv. 

Mij, Moj = Molecular weight of sample component "j" of 

the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of 

the control device respectively, g/gmole 

(lb/lb-mole). 

Qi, Qo = Flow rate of the gas stream at the inlet and 

outlet of the control device, respectively, 

dscm/hr (dscf/hr). 

K1 = 4.157 x 10-8 [(kg)/(g-mole)]/ 

[(g)(ppm)(dscm)]{5.711 x 10-15 [(lb)(/(lbmole)]/ [(lb)(ppm)(dscf)]}. 

(iii) Method 18 shall be used to determine the 

concentration of each individual organic component (Cij,

Coj) in the gas stream. Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate,

shall be used to determine the inlet and outlet sampling

sites. The inlet site shall be before the inlet of the

control device and after all product recovery units.

(iv) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, shall be

used to determine the volumetric flow rates (Qi, Qo). If
-288­

necessary, Method 4 shall be used to determine the moisture

content. Both determinations shall be compatible with the

Method 18 determinations. 

(v) Inlet and outlet samples shall be taken

simultaneously. The sampling time for each run shall be 1

hour in which either an integrated sample or four grab

samples shall be taken. If grab sampling is used, then the

samples shall be taken at 15-minute intervals. 

(2) The owner or operator shall determine compliance

with the emission concentration standard in paragraph

(c)(1)(i) of this section as follows:

(i) The total VOC concentration is the sum of the

individual components and shall be computed for each run

using the following equation: 

where:

CVOC = Concentration of total VOC, dry basis, ppmv. 

Cj = Concentration of sample component j, ppm. 

n = Number of components in the sample. 

(ii) Method 18 shall be used to determine the 

concentration of each individual inorganic component (Cj) in

the gas stream. Method 1 or 1A as appropriate, shall be

used to determine the sampling site at the outlet of the
-289­

control device. Method 4 shall be used to determine the

moisture content, if necessary. 

(iii) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour

in which either an integrated sample or four grab samples

shall be taken. If grab sampling is used, then the samples

shall be taken at 15-minute intervals.

(3)(i) If supplemental combustion air is used, the

total VOC concentration shall be corrected to 3 percent

oxygen and shall be computed using the following equation:

where: 

CCORR = Concentration of total VOC corrected to 3 

percent oxygen, dry basis, ppmv. 

CMEAS = Concentration of total VOC, dry basis, ppmv, as 

calculated in paragraph (e)(2)(i) above. 

%O2d = Concentration of O2, dry basis, percent by 

volume. 

(ii) The emission rate correction factor, integrated 

sampling and analysis procedure of Method 3 shall be used to

determine the oxygen concentration (%O2d). The sampling

site shall be the same as that of the total VOC sample and

the samples shall be taken during the same time that the

total VOC samples are taken. 
-290-

(4) When a flare is used to comply with

paragraph (c)(1)(iii) of this section: 

(i) Method 22 shall be used to determine the

compliance of flares with the visible emission requirement

in paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(A) of this section. The

observation period is 2 hours and shall be used according to

Method 22.

(ii) The presence of a flare pilot flame shall be

monitored using a thermocouple or other equivalent

monitoring device to detect the presence of a flame.

(5) The test methods in 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A,

shall be used as reference methods for determining the VOC

emission rate in terms of kg emission per megagram (Mg) of

product, exit velocities, or net heating value of the gas

combusted to determine compliance under paragraphs (c) and

(d) of this section as follows: 

(i) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selecting the

sampling site. The sampling site for the molar composition

and vent stream flow rate determination prescribed in

paragraphs (e)(5)(ii) and (e)(5)(iii) of this section shall

be prior to the inlet of any combustion device and prior to

any dilution of the stream with air.

(ii) The composition of the process vent stream shall

be determined as follows:

(A) Method 18 and ASTM D2504-67 (reapproved 1977) to

measure the concentration of VOC and the concentration of
-291­

all other compounds present except water vapor and carbon

monoxide.

(B) Method 4 to measure the content of water vapor.

(iii) The volumetric flow rate shall be determined

using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate.

(iv) The actual exit velocity of a flare shall be

determined by dividing the volumetric flow rate (in units of

standard temperature and pressure), as determined by

Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D as appropriate, by the unobstructed

(free) cross-sectional area of the flare tip.

(v) The maximum permitted velocity, Vmax, for flares

complying with paragraph (c)(1)(iii)(E)(1) of this section

shall be determined using the following equation:

where: 

Vmax = Maximum permitted velocity, m/s. 

28.8 = Constant. 

31.7 = Constant. 

HT = The net heating value as determined in 

paragraph (e)(5)(vii) of this section. 

(vi) The Vmax for air-assisted flares shall be 

determined by the following equation:
-292­

where: 

Vmax = Maximum permitted velocity, m/s. 

8.706 = Constant. 

0.7084 = Constant. 

HT = The net heating value as determined in 

paragraph (e)(5)(vii) of this section. 

(vii) The net heating value of the process vent stream 

being combusted in a flare shall be calculated using the

following equation:

where:

HT =

K =

Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm, where

the net enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on

combustion at 25°C and 760 millimeters of Mercury

(mm Hg) (77°F and 29.92 inches of Mercury [in.

Hg]), but the standard temperature for

determining the volume corresponding to one mole

is 20°C (68°F).

Constant: 
-293­

where standard temperature for is 20°C.

Ci = Concentration of sample components i in ppm on a 

wet basis, as measured for organics by Method 18 

and measured for hydrogen and carbon monoxide by 

ASTM D1946-82. 

Hi = Net heat of combustion of sample component i, 

kcal/g-mole at 25°C (77°F) and 760 mm Hg (29.92 

in. Hg). The heats of combustion of process vent 

stream components may be determined using 

ASTM D2382-76 (reapproved 1977) if published 

values are not available or cannot be calculated. 

(viii) The emission rate of VOC in the process vent

stream shall be calculated using the following equation:

where: 

EVOC = Emission rate of total organic compounds in the 

sample, kilogram per hour (kg/hr). 

K = Constant, 2.494x10-6 (1/ppm)(gmole/scm)(kg/g)(min/hr), where standard 

temperature for (g-mole/scm) is 20°C (68°F). 

Ci = Concentration of sample component i, ppm. 

Mi = Molecular weight of sample component i, g/g-mole. 
-294­

Qs = Vent stream flow rate (scm/min), at a standard 

temperature of 20°C (68°F). 

(ix) The rate of polymer produced, Pp (kg/hr), shall 

be determined by dividing the weight of polymer pulled in kg

from the process line during the performance test by the

number of hours (hr) taken to perform the performance test. 

The polymer pulled, in kg, shall be determined by direct

measurement or, subject to prior approval by the

Administrator and acceptance as part of a State

implementation plan (SIP) or Federal implementation plan

(FIP) revision, computed from materials balance by good

engineering practice.

(x) The emission rate of VOC in terms of kilograms of

emissions per megagram of production shall be calculated

using the following equation:

where: 

ERVOC = Emission rate of VOC, kg VOC/Mg product. 

EVOC = Emission rate of VOC in the sample, kg/hr. 

Pp = The rate of polymer produced, kg/hr. 

(f) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a 

facility subject to this subpart shall maintain the

following records in a readily accessible location for at
-295­

least 5 years and shall make these records available to the

Administrator upon verbal or written request:

(1) For facilities complying with the standards listed

in paragraph (c)(1)(i), parameters listed in paragraphs

(e)(1), (e)(2), and, where applicable, (e)(5).

(2) For facilities complying with the standards listed

in paragraph (c)(1)(ii), parameters listed in paragraphs

(e)(3), and, where applicable, (e)(5).

(3) For facilities complying with the standards listed

in paragraph (c)(1)(iii), parameters listed in paragraphs

(e)(4), and, where applicable, (e)(5).

(4) For facilities complying with the standards listed

in paragraph (d), parameters listed in paragraph (e)(5)

where applicable.

(5) For all facilities containing sources subject to

this subpart, the following records shall be kept:

(i) The time, date, and duration of any excess

emissions.

(ii) The subject source of any excess emissions.

(iii) The cause of any excess emissions.

(iv) The estimated rate of emissions (expressed in the

units of the applicable emission limitation) and the

operating data and calculations used in determining the

magnitude of any excess emissions.

(v) Any corrective actions and schedules utilized to

correct the conditions causing any excess emissions.
-296-

(g) Reporting requirements. The owner or operator of

any facility containing sources subject to this section

shall:

(1) Comply with the initial compliance certification

requirements of § XX.3003(a) of this subpart.

(2) Comply with the requirements of § XX.3003(b) of

this subpart for excess emissions related to the control

devices required to comply with paragraphs (c)(1)(ii),

(c)(1)(iii), or (d)(2) of this section.
-297­

§ XX.3040 Air Oxidation Processes in the Synthetic Organic

Chemical Manufacturing Industry.

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This section applies to the following air

oxidation facilities in the synthetic organic chemical

manufacturing industry: 

(i) Each air oxidation reactor not discharging its

vent stream into a recovery system.

(ii) Each combination of an air oxidation reactor and

the recovery system into which its vent stream is

discharged.

(iii) Each combination of two or more air oxidation

reactors and the common recovery system into which their

vent streams are discharged. 

(2) Any air oxidation reactor vent stream that has a

total resource effectiveness (TRE) index value greater than

1.0 is exempt from all provisions of this section except the

requirements in paragraphs (c), (e)(2), and (f)(10) of this

section.

(b) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Air oxidation facility" means a product recovery

system and all associated air oxidation process reactors

discharging directly into that system or any such reactors

discharging directly into the atmosphere.
-298-

"Air oxidation process" means a reactor in which air is

used as an oxidizing agent to produce an organic chemical.

"Air oxidation reactor" means any device or process

vessel in which one or more organic reactants are combined

with air or a combination of air and oxygen to produce one

or more organic compounds. Ammoxidation and oxychlorination

are included in this definition.

"Air oxidation reactor recovery train" means an

individual recovery system receiving the vent stream from at

least one air oxidation reactor, along with all air

oxidation reactors feeding vent streams into this system.

"Product recovery system" means any equipment used to

collect volatile organic compounds (VOC's) for use, reuse,

or sale. Such equipment includes, but is not limited to,

absorbers, adsorbers, condensers, and devices that recover

non-VOC's such as ammonia and HCl.

"Synthetic organic chemical manufacturing industry"

means the industry that produces, as intermediates or final

products, one or more of the chemicals listed at 40 CFR

60.489.

"Total resource effectiveness index value," or TRE

index value, means a measure of the supplemental total

resource requirement per unit of VOC emission reduction

associated with an individual air oxidation vent stream,

based on vent stream flow rate, emission rate of VOC, net
-299­

heating value, and corrosive properties, as quantified by

the equation given under paragraph (e)(1) of this section.

"Vent stream" means any gas stream containing nitrogen

that was introduced as air to the air oxidation reactor and

released to the atmosphere directly from any air oxidation

reactor recovery train or indirectly, after diversion

through other process equipment.

(c) Standards. For each vent stream from an air

oxidation reactor or combination air oxidation reactor and

recovery train subject to this section, the owner or

operator shall comply with paragraph (c)(1), (2), or (3) of

this section. 

(1) Reduce total VOC emissions by 98 weight percent or

to 20 parts per million volumetric (ppmv) on a dry basis

corrected to 3 percent oxygen, whichever is less stringent. 

If a boiler or process heater is used to comply with this

paragraph, the vent stream shall be introduced into the

flame zone of the boiler or process heater. 

(2) Combust the emissions in a flare that meets the

requirements of 40 CFR 60.18.

(3) Maintain a TRE index value greater than 1.0

without the use of VOC emission control devices. 

(d) Monitoring requirements.

(1) The owner or operator of an air oxidation facility

that uses an incinerator to seek to comply with the VOC

emission limit specified under paragraph (c)(1) of this
-300­

section shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate

according to manufacturer's specifications the following

equipment:

(i) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a

continuous recorder and having an accuracy of ±1 percent of

the temperature being monitored expressed in degrees Celsius

or ±0.5°C, whichever is greater.

(A) Where an incinerator other than a catalytic

incinerator is used, a temperature monitoring device shall

be installed in the firebox.

(B) Where a catalytic incinerator is used, temperature

monitoring devices shall be installed in the gas stream

immediately before and after the catalyst bed.

(ii) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent

stream flow to the incinerator at least once every hour for

each air oxidation facility. The flow indicator shall be

installed in the vent stream from each air oxidation

facility at a point closest to the inlet of each incinerator

and before being joined with any other vent stream.

(2) The owner or operator of an air oxidation facility

that uses a flare to seek to comply with paragraph (c)(2) of

this section shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate

according to manufacturer's specifications the following

equipment:
-301-

(i) A heat-sensing device, such as an ultra-violet

sensor or thermocouple, at the pilot light to indicate the

continuous presence of a flame.

(ii) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent

stream flow to the flare at least once every hour for each

air oxidation facility. The flow indicator shall be

installed in the vent stream from each air oxidation

facility at a point closest to the flare and before being

joined with any other vent stream.

(3) The owner or operator of an air oxidation facility

that uses a boiler or process heater to seek to comply with

paragraph (c)(1) of this section shall install, calibrate,

maintain, and operate according to the manufacturer's

specifications the following equipment:

(i) A flow indicator that provides a record of vent

stream flow to the boiler or process heater at least once

every hour for each air oxidation facility. The flow

indicator shall be installed in the vent stream from each

air oxidation reactor within a facility at a point closest

to the inlet of each boiler or process heater and before

being joined with any other vent stream.

(ii) A temperature monitoring device in the firebox

equipped with a continuous recorder and having an accuracy

of ±1 percent of the temperature being measured expressed in

degrees Celsius or ±0.5 °C, whichever is greater, for

boilers or process heaters of less than 44 megawatts (MW)
-302-

(150 million British thermal units per hour [Btu/hr]) heat

input design capacity.

(iii) Monitor and record the periods of operation of

the boiler or process heater if the design input capacity of

the boiler or process heater is 44 MW (150 million Btu/hr)

or greater. The records shall be readily available for

inspection.

(4) The owner or operator of an air oxidation facility

that seeks to demonstrate compliance with the TRE index

value limit specified under paragraph (c)(3) of this section

shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to

manufacturer's specifications the following equipment:

(i) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in

a recovery system:

(A) A scrubbing liquid temperature monitoring device

having an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being

monitored, expressed in degrees Celsius or ±0.5°C, whichever

is greater, and a specific gravity monitoring device having

an accuracy of ±0.02 specific gravity unit, each equipped

with a continuous recorder.

(B) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the

concentration level of organic compounds exiting the

recovery device based on a detection principle such as

infrared, photoionization, or thermal conductivity, each

equipped with a continuous recorder.
-303-

(ii) Where a condenser is the final recovery device in

a recovery system:

(A) A condenser exit (product side) temperature

monitoring device equipped with a continuous recorder and

having an accuracy of ±1 percent of the temperature being

monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or ±0.5°C, whichever

is greater.

(B) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the

concentration level of organic compounds exiting the

recovery device based on a detection principle such as

infrared, photoionization, or thermal conductivity, each

equipped with a continuous recorder.

(iii) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery

device in a recovery system:

(A) An integrating steam flow monitoring device having

an accuracy of ±10 percent, and a carbon bed temperature

monitoring device having an accuracy of ±1 percent of the

temperature being monitored expressed in degrees Celsius or

±0.5°C, whichever is greater, both equipped with a

continuous recorder. 

(B) An organic monitoring device used to indicate the

concentration level of organic compounds exiting the

recovery device based on a detection principle such as

infrared, photoionization, or thermal conductivity, each

equipped with a continuous recorder.
-304-

(e) Test methods and procedures. The following

methods shall be used as reference methods to demonstrate

compliance with paragraph (c) of this section: 

(1) The following equation shall be used to calculate

the TRE index for a given vent stream:

where:

TRE = The total resource effectiveness index value. 

E = The measured hourly emissions in units of 

kilograms per hour (kg/hr). 

FL = The vent stream flow rate in standard cubic meter 

per minute (scm/min), at a standard temperature of 

20°C. For a Category E stream (see Table 1), the 

factor f(FL)0.5 should be replaced with: 

where:

HT = Vent stream net heating value in units of

megajoules per standard cubic meter (MJ/scm),

where the net enthalpy per mole of offgas is based

on combustion at 25°C (68°F) and 760 millimeters

of Mercury (mm Hg), but the standard temperature

for determining the volume corresponding to one

mole is 20°C, as in the definition of FL.
-305­

a, b, c, d, e, and f = Specific coefficients for six 

different general categories of process vent 

streams. The set of coefficients that apply to a 

given air oxidation process vent stream are 

specified in Table 1. 

(2) Each owner or operator of an air oxidation

facility seeking to comply with paragraph (a)(2) or (c)(3)

of this section shall recalculate the TRE index value for

that air oxidation facility whenever process changes are

made. Some examples of process changes are changes in

production capacity, feedstock type, or catalyst type, or

whenever recovery equipment is replaced, removed, or added. 

The TRE index value shall be recalculated based on test data

or on best engineering estimates of the effects of the

change to the recovery system.

(3) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selection of

the sampling sites. The control device inlet sampling site

for determining vent stream molar composition or VOC

reduction efficiency shall be prior to the inlet of the

control device and after the recovery system.

(4) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate, for

determining the volumetric flow rates.

(5) The emission rate correction factor, integrated

sampling, and analysis procedure of Method 3 shall be used

to determine the oxygen concentration (%O2d) for determining

compliance with the 20 ppmv limit. The sampling site shall 
-306­

TABLE 1. COEFFICIENTS OF THE TOTAL RESOURCE EFFECTIVENESS

(TRE)INDEX EQUATION

A1. FOR CHLORINATED PROCESS VENT STREAMS, IF 0 # NET HEATING VALUE (MJ/scm) # 3.5:

FL = vent stream flow 

rate (scm/min) a b c d e f

 FL # 13.5 48.73 0 0.404 -0.1632 0 0

 13.5 < FL # 700 42.35 0.624 0.404 -0.1632 0 0.0245

 700 < FL # 1,400 84.38 0.678 0.404 -0.1632 0 0.0346

 1,400 < FL # 2,100 126.41 0.712 0.404 -0.1632 0 0.0424

 2,100 < FL # 2,800 168.44 0.747 0.404 -0.1632 0 0.0490

 2,800 < FL # 3,500 210.47 0.758 0.404 -0.1632 0 0.0548 

A2. FOR CHLORINATED PROCESS VENT STREAMS, IF 3.5 < NET HEATING VALUE (MJ/scm):

FL = vent stream flow 

rate (scm/min) a b c d e f

 FL # 13.5 47.76 0 -0.292 0 0 0

 13.5 < FL # 700 41.58 0.605 -0.292 0 0 

700 < FL # 1,400 82.84 0.658 -0.292 0 0 

1,400 < FL # 2,100 123.10 0.691 -0.292 0 0 

2,100 < FL # 2,800 165.36 0.715 -0.292 0 0 

2,800 < FL # 3,500 206.62 0.734 -0.292 0 0 

0.0245

0.0346

0.0424

0.0490

0.0548

B. FOR NONCHLORINATED PROCESS VENT STREAMS, IF 0 # NET HEATING VALUE (MJ/scm) # 0.48:

FL = vent stream flow

rate (scm/min) a b c d e f

 FL # 13.5 19.05 0 0.113 -0.214 0

13.5 < FL # 1,350 16.61

1,350 < FL # 2,700 32.91

2,700 < FL # 3,500 49.21

0.239 0.113 -0.214 0 0.0245

0.260 0.113 -0.214 0 0.0346

0.273 0.113 -0.214 0 0.0424

C. FOR NONCHLORINATED PROCESS VENT STREAMS, IF 0.48 < NET HEARING VALUE (MJ/scm) # 1.9:

FL = vent stream flow

rate (scm/min) a b c d e f

 FL # 13.5 19.74 0 0.400 -0.202 0

13.5 < FL # 1,350 18.30

1,350 < FL # 2,700 36.28

2,700 < FL # 4,050 54.26

0.138 0.400 -0.202 0 0.0245

0.150 0.400 -0.202 0 0.0346

0.158 0.400 -0.202 0 0.0424

D. FOR NONCHLORINATED PROCESS VENT STREAMS, IF 1.9 < NET HEATING VALUE (MJ/scm) # 3.6:

FL = vent stream flow

rate (scm/min) a b c d e f

 FL # 13.5 15.24 0 0.033 0 0 0

 13.5 < FL # 1,190 13.63

1,190 < FL # 2,380 26.95

2,380 < FL # 3,570 40.27

0.157 0.033 0 0 0.0245

0.171 0.033 0 0 0.0346

0.179 0.033 0 0 0.0424

E. FOR NONCHLORINATED PROCESS VENT STREAMS, IF 3.6 < NET HEATING VALUE (MJ/scm):

FL = vent stream flow

rate (scm/min) a b c d e f

 FL # 13.5 15.24 0 0 0.0090 0

13.5 < FL # 1,190 13.63

1,190 < FL # 2,380 26.95

2,380 < FL # 3,570 40.27

0 0 0.0090 0.0503 0.0245

0 0 0.0090 0.0546 0.0346

0 0 0.0090 0.0573 0.0424

0

0

0
-307­

be the same as that of the VOC samples, and the samples

shall be taken during the same time that the VOC samples are

taken. The VOC concentration corrected to 3 percent O2 (Cc)

shall be computed using the following equation:

where: 

Cc = Concentration of VOC corrected to 3 percent O2, 

dry basis, ppmv. 

CVOC = Concentration of VOC, dry basis, ppmv. 

%O2d = Concentration of O2, dry basis, percent by volume. 

(6) Method 18 to determine the VOC concentration in 

the control device outlet and the VOC concentration in the

inlet when the reduction efficiency of the control device is

to be determined.

(i) The sampling time for each run shall be 1 hour, in

which either an integrated sample or four grab samples shall

be taken. If grab sampling is used, then the samples shall

be taken at 15-minute intervals.

(ii) The emission reduction (R) of VOC shall be

determined using the following equation:
-308­

where:

R = Emission reduction, percent by weight. 

Ei = Mass rate of VOC entering the control device, kg 

VOC/hr. 

E0 = Mass rate of VOC discharged to the atmosphere, kg 

VOC/hr. 

(iii) The mass rates of VOC (E1, E0) shall be computed

using the following equations:

where:

Cij, Coj =

Mij, Moj =

Qi, Qo =

Concentration of sample component "j" of the

gas stream at the inlet and outlet of the

control device, respectively.

Molecular weight of sample component "j" of

the gas stream at the inlet and outlet of

the control device, respectively, g/g-mole

(lb/lb-mole).

Flow rate of gas stream at the inlet and

outlet of the control device, respectively,

dscm/min (dscf/hr).
-309­

K2 = Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (1/ppm) (g-mole/scm)

(kg/g) (min/hr), where standard temperature

for (g-mole/scm) is 20°C.

(iv) The VOC concentration (CVOC) is the sum of the

individual components and shall be computed for each run

using the following equation:

where:

CVOC = Concentration of VOC, dry basis, ppmv. 

Cj = Concentration of sample components in the sample. 

n = Number of components in the sample. 

(7) When a flare is used to seek to comply with 

paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the flare shall comply

with the requirements of 40 CFR 60.18.

(8) The test methods in Appendix A to 40 CFR Part 60,

except as provided under 40 CFR 60.8, shall be used for

determining the net heating value of the gas combusted to

determine compliance under paragraph (c)(2) of this section

and for determining the process vent stream TRE index value

to determine compliance under paragraph (c)(3) of this

section.

(9)(i) Method 1 or 1A, as appropriate, for selecting

the sampling site. The sampling site for the vent stream

flow rate and molar composition determination prescribed in
-310­

paragraph (e)(10) and (11) of this section shall be, except

for the situations outlined in paragraph (e)(9)(ii) of this

section, prior to the inlet of any control device, prior to

any post-reactor dilution of the stream with air, and prior

to any post-reactor introduction of halogenated compounds

into the vent stream. No transverse site selection method

is needed for vents smaller than 4 inches in diameter.

(ii) If any gas stream other than the air oxidation

vent stream is normally conducted through the final recovery

device:

(A) The sampling site for vent stream flow rate and

molar composition shall be prior to the final recovery

device and prior to the point at which the nonair oxidation

stream is introduced.

(B) The efficiency of the final recovery device is

determined by measuring the VOC concentration using Method

18 at the inlet to the final recovery device after the

introduction of any nonair oxidation vent stream and at the

outlet of the final recovery device.

(C) This efficiency is applied to the VOC

concentration measured prior to the final recovery device

and prior to the introduction of the nonair oxidation stream

to determine the concentration of VOC in the air oxidation

stream from the final recovery device. This concentration

of VOC is then used to perform the calculations outlined in

paragraphs (e)(12) and (13) of this section.
-311-

(10) The molar composition of the process vent stream

shall be determined as follows:

(i) Method 18 to measure the concentration of VOC

including those containing halogens.

(ii) ASTM D1946-77 to measure the concentration of

carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

(iii) Method 4 to measure the content of water vapor.

(11) The volumetric flow rate shall be determined

using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D, as appropriate.

(12) The net heating value of the vent stream shall be

calculated using the following equation:

where:

HT =

K1 =

Net heating value of the sample, MJ/scm, where the

net enthalpy per mole of offgas is based on

combustion at 25°C and 760 mm Hg, but the standard

temperature for determining the volume

corresponding to one mole is 20°C, as in the

definition of Qs (offgas flow rate).

Constant, 1.740 x 10-7
-312­

where standard temperature for

is 20°C. 

Cj = Concentration of compound j in ppm, as measured 

for organics by Method 18 and measured for 

hydrogen and carbon monoxide by ASTM D1946-77 as 

indicated in paragraph (e)(10) of this section. 

Hj = Net heat of combustion of compound j, kilocalories 

per gram-mole (kcal/g-mole), based on combustion 

at 25°C and 760 mm Hg. The heats of combustion of 

vent stream components would be required to be 

determined using ASTM D2382-76 if published values 

are not available or cannot be calculated. 

(13) The emission rate of VOC's in the process vent 

stream shall be calculated using the following equation:

where: 

EVOC = Emission rate of VOC in the sample, kg/hr. 

K2 = Constant, 2.494 x 10-6 (1/ppm) (g-mole/scm) (kg/g) 

(min/hr), where standard temperature for (gmole/scm) is 20°C. 
-313­

Cj = Concentration on a dry basis of compound j in ppm 

as measured by Method 18 as indicated in paragraph 

(e)(10) of this section. 

Mj = Molecular weight of sample j, g/g-mole. 

Qs = Vent stream flow rate (scm/min) at a standard 

temperature of 20°C. 

(f) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a 

facility subject to this section shall keep the records

specified in this paragraph in a readily accessible location

for at least 5 years. These records shall be made available

to the Administrator immediately upon verbal or written

request.

(1) Where an owner or operator subject to this

section seeks to demonstrate compliance with paragraph

(c)(1) of this section through using either a thermal or

catalytic incinerator:

(i) The average firebox temperature of the

incinerator (or the average temperature upstream and

downstream of the catalyst bed for a catalytic incinerator),

measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the

same time period as the compliance test.

(ii) The percent reduction of VOC determined as

specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section that is

achieved by the incinerator, or the concentration of VOC

determined as specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section
-314­

at the outlet of the control device on a dry basis corrected

to 3 percent oxygen.

(2) Where an owner or operator subject to the

provisions of this section seeks to demonstrate compliance

with paragraph (c)(1) of this section through using a boiler

or process heater:

(i) A description of the location at which the vent

stream is introduced into the boiler or process heater. 

(ii) The average combustion temperature of the boiler

or process heater with a design heat input capacity of less

than 44 MW (150 million Btu/hr) measured at least every 15

minutes and averaged over the same time period as the

compliance testing.

(3) Where an owner or operator subject to the

provisions of this section seeks to comply with paragraph

(c)(2) of this section through the use of a smokeless flare:

(i) The flare design (i.e., steam-assisted, airassisted, or nonassisted), all visible emission readings,

heat content determinations, flow rate measurements, and

exit velocity determinations made during the compliance

test.

(ii) Continuous records of the flare pilot flame

monitoring.

(iii) Records of all periods of operation during

which the pilot flame is absent.
-315-

(4) Where an owner or operator seeks to demonstrate

compliance with paragraph (c)(3) of this section:

(i) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in

a recovery system, the exit specific gravity and average

exit temperature of the absorbing liquid, measured at least

every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time period of

the compliance testing (both measured while the vent stream

is normally routed and constituted).

(ii) Where a condenser is the final recovery device

in a recovery system, the average exit (product side)

temperature, measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged

over the same time period of the compliance testing while

the vent stream is normally routed and constituted.

(iii) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery

device in a recovery system, the total steam mass flow

measured at least every 15 minutes and averaged over the

same time period of the compliance test (full carbon bed

cycle), temperature of the carbon bed after regeneration

(and within 15 minutes of completion of any cooling

cycle(s)), and duration of the carbon bed steaming cycle

(all measured while the vent stream is normally routed and

constituted). 

(iv) As an alternative to paragraphs (f)(4)(i), (ii),

or (iii) of this section, the concentration level or reading

indicated by the organic monitoring device at the outlet of

the absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber measured at
-316­

least every 15 minutes and averaged over the same time

period of the compliance testing while the vent stream is

normally routed and constituted.

(v) As an alternative to paragraphs (f)(4)(i), (ii),

(iii), or (iv) of this section, all measurements and

calculations performed to determine the TRE index value of

the vent stream.

(5) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible,

continuous records of the equipment operating parameters

specified to be monitored under paragraphs (d)(1) and (d)(3)

of this section, as well as up-to-date, readily accessible

records of periods of operation during which the parameter

boundaries established during the most recent compliance

test are exceeded. The Administrator may at any time

require a report of these data. Where a combustion device

is used by an owner or operator seeking to demonstrate

compliance with paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(3) of this section,

periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries

established during the most recent performance tests are

exceeded are defined as follows:

(i) For thermal incinerators, all 3-hour periods of

operation during which the average combustion temperature

was more than 28°C (50°F) below the average combustion

temperature during the most recent test at which compliance

with paragraph (c)(1) of this section was determined.
-317-

(ii) For catalytic incinerators, all 3-hour periods

of operation during which the average temperature of the

vent stream immediately before the catalyst bed is more than

28°C (50°F) below the average temperature of the vent stream

during the most recent test at which compliance with

paragraph (c)(1) of this section was determined. The owner

or operator also shall record all 3-hour periods of

operation during which the average temperature difference

across the catalyst bed is less than 80 percent of the

average temperature difference of the device during the most

recent test at which compliance with paragraph (c)(1) of

this section was determined.

(iii) All 3-hour periods of operation during which

the average combustion temperature was more than 28°C (50°F)

below the average combustion temperature during the most

recent test at which compliance with paragraph (c)(1) of

this section was determined for boilers or process heaters

with a design heat input capacity of less than 44 MW (150

million Btu/hr).

(iv) For boilers or process heaters, whenever there

is a change in the location at which the vent stream is

introduced into the flame zone as required under paragraph

(c)(1) of this section.

(6) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible

continuous records of the flow indication specified under
-318­

paragraphs (d)(1)(ii), (d)(2)(ii), and (d)(3)(i) of this

section, as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records

of all periods when the vent stream is diverted from the

control device or has no flow rate.

(7) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section who uses a boiler or process heater with a

design heat input capacity of 44 MW or greater to comply

with paragraph (c)(1) of this section shall keep an up-todate, readily accessible record of all periods of operation

of the boiler or process heater. (Examples of such records

could include records of steam use, fuel use, or monitoring

data collected pursuant to other State or Federal regulatory

requirements.)

(8) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible,

continuous records of the flare pilot flame monitoring

specified in paragraph (d)(2) of this section as well as upto-date, readily accessible records of all periods of

operations in which the pilot flame is absent.

(9) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section shall keep up-to-date, readily accessible,

continuous records of the equipment operating parameters

specified to be monitored under paragraph (d)(3) of this

section as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records of

periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries

established during the most recent compliance test are
-319­

exceeded. The Administrator may at any time require a

report of these data. Where the owner or operator seeks to

demonstrate compliance with paragraph (c)(3) of this

section, periods of operation during which the parameter

boundaries established during the most recent compliance

tests are exceeded are defined as follows:

(i) Where an absorber is the final recovery device in

a recovery system, and where an organic monitoring device is

not used, either paragraph (f)(9)(i)(A) or (B) of this

section:

(A) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the

average absorbing liquid temperature was more than 11°C

(20°F) above the average absorbing liquid temperature during

the most recent compliance test that demonstrated that the

facility was in compliance.

(B) All 3-hour periods of operation during which the

average absorbing liquid specific gravity was more than 0.1

unit above or below the average absorbing liquid specific

gravity during the most recent compliance test that

demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.

(ii) Where a condenser is the final recovery device

in a recovery system, and where an organic monitoring device

is not used, all 3-hour periods of operation during which

the average exit (product side) condenser operating

temperature was more than 6°C (11°F) above the average exit

(product side) operating temperature during the most recent
-320­

compliance test that demonstrated that the facility was in

compliance.

(iii) Where a carbon adsorber is the final recovery

device in a recovery system and where an organic monitoring

device is not used, either paragraph (f)(9)(iii)(A) or (B)

of this section:

(A) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which

the total mass steam flow was more than 10 percent below the

total mass steam flow during the most recent compliance test

that demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.

(B) All carbon bed regeneration cycles during which

the temperature of the carbon bed after regeneration (and

after completion of any cooling cycle(s)) was more than 10

percent greater than the carbon bed temperature (in degrees

Celsius) during the most recent compliance test that

demonstrated that the facility was in compliance.

(iv) Where an absorber, condenser, or carbon adsorber

is the final recovery device in the recovery system and an

organic monitoring device approved by the Administrator is

used, all 3-hour periods of operation during which the

average concentration level or reading of organic compounds

in the exhaust gases is more than 20 percent greater than

the exhaust gas organic compound concentration level or

reading measured by the monitoring device during the most

recent compliance test that demonstrated that the facility

was in compliance.
-321-

(10) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions

of this section and seeking to demonstrate compliance with

paragraph (c)(3) of this section shall keep up-to-date,

readily accessible records of:

(i) Any changes in production capacity, feedstock

type, or catalyst type, or of any replacement, removal, or

addition of recovery equipment or air oxidation reactors.

(ii) Any recalculation of the TRE index value

performed pursuant to paragraph (e)(2) of this section.

(iii) The results of any test performed pursuant to

the methods and procedures required by paragraph (d)(4) of

this section.

(g) Reporting requirements. The owner or operator of

any facility containing sources subject to this section

shall:

(1) Comply with the initial compliance certification

requirements of § XX.3003(a) of this subpart.

(2) Comply with the requirements of § XX.3003(b) of

this subpart for excess emissions related to the control

devices required to comply with this section.
-322­

§ XX.3041 Other Facilities that Emit Volatile Organic

Compounds (VOC's). 

(a) Applicability.

(1) This section applies to any facility that emits

VOC's and that is not subject to §§ XX.3011 through XX.3040

of this subpart or to any Federally-approved State rule. A

facility is subject to this section if it has sources not

regulated by the sections or rules listed above or not

regulated as specified in paragraph (a)(4) of this section

that as a group have maximum theoretical emissions of

90.7 megagrams (Mg) (100 tons) or more per calendar year of

VOC in the absence of control devices.

(2) The owner or operator of a facility whose

emissions are below the applicability threshold in paragraph

(a)(1) of this section shall comply with the appropriate

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements of

paragraph (d) of this section.

(3)(i) Any facility that becomes or is currently

subject to the provisions of this section by exceeding the

applicability threshold in paragraph (a)(1) of this section

will remain subject to these provisions even if its

throughput or emissions later fall below the applicability

threshold.

(ii) Any facility that is currently subject to a

State or Federal rule promulgated pursuant to the Clean Air

Act Amendments of 1977 by exceeding the applicability
-323­

threshold is and will remain subject to those provisions,

even if its throughput or emissions have fallen or later

fall below the applicability threshold.

(4) The control requirements in this section do not

apply to coke ovens (including by-product recovery plants),

fuel combustion sources, barge loading facilities, jet

engine test cells, vegetable oil processing facilities,

wastewater treatment facilities, and iron and steel

production.

(b) Standards. The owner or operator of any source

at a facility subject to this section shall do one of the

following: 

(1) Install and operate emission capture and control

techniques or use complying coatings that achieve an overall

reduction in uncontrolled VOC emissions of at least

81 weight percent. 

(2) For any coating unit, limit the daily-weighted

average VOC content to 0.40 kilograms VOC per liter (kg

VOC/L) (3.5 pounds VOC per gallon [lb VOC/gal]) or less of

coating, as applied (excluding water and exempt compounds),

as calculated in § XX.3030 of this subpart.

(3) Comply with an alternative control plan that has

been approved by the Administrator as part of a State

implementation plan (SIP) or Federal implementation plan

(FIP) revision. The alternative control plan shall:
-324-

(i) Be submitted within 6 months of the effective

date of the rule.

(ii) Be accompanied by a demonstration of the

technical or economic infeasibility of complying with the

requirements in paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.

(c) Test methods and procedures. The owner or

operator of any source subject to this section shall

demonstrate compliance with paragraph (b) by using the

applicable test methods specified in §§ XX.3080 through

XX.3085 of this subpart.

(d) Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for

Exempt Non-Control Technique Guideline (Non-CTG) Sources.

(1) Coating Sources. An owner or operator of a

coating unit that is exempt from the emission limitations in

paragraph (b) of this section shall comply with the

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in

§ XX.3002(b) of this subpart.

(2) Non-Coating Sources. An owner or operator of a

non-coating source that is exempt from the emission

limitations in paragraph (b) of this section shall submit,

upon request by the Administrator, records that document

that the source is exempt from these requirements.

(i) These records shall be submitted to the

Administrator within 30 calendar days from the date of

request.
-325-

(ii) If such records are not available, the source is

considered to be subject to the limits in paragraph (b) of

this section.

(e) Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for

Subject Non-CTG Coating Sources.

(1) An owner or operator of a coating unit subject to

this section and complying with paragraph (b)(1) of this

section by the use of complying coatings shall comply with

the certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements

in § XX.3002(c) of this subpart.

(2) An owner or operator of a coating unit subject to

this section and complying with paragraph (b)(2) of this

section by daily-weighted averaging shall comply with the

certification, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements in

§ XX.3002(d) of this subpart.

(3) An owner or operator of a coating unit subject to

this section and complying with paragraphs (b)(1) or (b)(3)

of this section by using control devices shall comply with

the testing, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements in

§ XX.3002(e) of this subpart.

(f) Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements for

Subject Non-CTG, Non-Coating Sources.

(1) The owner or operator of the subject VOC sources

shall perform all testing and maintain the results of all

tests and calculations required under paragraphs (b) and (c)
-326­

of this section to demonstrate that the subject source is in

compliance.

(2) This owner or operator of the subject VOC source

shall maintain these records in a readily accessible

location for a minimum of 5 years and shall make these

records available to the Administrator immediately upon

verbal or written request.

(3) The owner or operator of any facility containing

sources subject to this section shall comply with the

requirements in § XX.3003 of this subpart.
-327­

§§ XX.3042-3079 [Reserved] 

§ XX.3080 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: General

Provisions.

(a) Test methods. The owner or operator of any

volatile organic compound (VOC) source required to comply

with § XX.3011(c)(1) or §§ XX.3012 through XX.3041 of this

subpart shall, at the owner's or operator's expense,

demonstrate compliance by using the methods of §§ XX.3080

through XX.3086 of this subpart or alternative methods that

are approved by the Administrator as part of a State

implementation plan (SIP) or Federal implementation plan

(FIP) revision and shall meet all the requirements of this

section.

(b) Preparation of test plan and quality assurance

(QA) program. At least 30 days before the initiation of a

required test under § XX.3083 of this subpart, the owner or

operator shall submit a test plan that shall be approved by

the Administrator before the results of the test are

considered acceptable. This test plan shall include the

following minimum information:

(1) The purpose of the proposed test and the

applicable subsection of §§ XX.3011 through XX.3041 of this

subpart.

(2) A detailed description of the facility to be

tested, including a line diagram of the facility, locations
-328­

of test sites, and facility operation conditions for the

test.

(3) A detailed description of the test methods and

procedures, equipment, and sampling sites, i.e., a test

plan.

(4) A time table for the following:

(i) Date for the compliance test.

(ii) Date of submittal of preliminary results to the

Administrator (not later than 30 days after sample

collection).

(iii) Date of submittal of final test report (not

later than 45 days after completion of on-site sampling).

(5) Proposed corrective actions should the test

results show noncompliance.

(6) Internal QA program. The internal QA program

shall include, at a minimum, the activities planned by

routine operators and analysts to provide an assessment of

test data precision. An example of internal QA is the

sampling and analysis of replicable samples.

(7) External QA program.

(i) The external QA program shall include, at a

minimum, application of plans for a test method performance

audit (PA) during the compliance test.

(ii) The external QA program may also include systems

audits, which include the opportunity for on-site evaluation

by the Administrator of instrument calibration, data
-329­

validation, sample logging, and documentation of quality

control data and field maintenance activities.

(iii) The PA's shall consist of blind audit samples

provided by the Administrator and analyzed during the

compliance test to provide a measure of test data bias.

(A) The Administrator shall require the owner or

operator to analyze QA samples during each compliance test

when audit samples are available. 

(B) Information concerning the availability of audit

materials for a specific compliance test may be obtained by

contacting the Emission Measurement Technical Information

Center at (919) 541-2237.

(C) If the Administrator has prior knowledge that an

audit material is available, he or she may contact the

Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory

directly at (919) 541-4531 (for cylinder gas audit

materials) or (919) 541-7834 (for all other types of audit

materials).

(D) The evaluation criteria applied to the

interpretation of the PA results and the subsequent remedial

actions required of the owner or operator are the sole

responsibility of the Administrator.

(c) Process operation. The owner or operator shall

be responsible for providing:
-330-

(1) Sampling ports, pipes, lines, or appurtenances

for collecting samples and data required by the test methods

and procedures.

(2) Safe access to the sample and data collection

locations.

(3) Light, electricity, and the utilities required

for sample and data collection.

(d) Summary of results. No later than 30 days after

the sample collection, the owner or operator shall submit

preliminary results to the Administrator.

(e) Final report. No later than 45 days after

completion of the on-site sampling, the owner or operator

shall submit a test report to the Administrator. The test

report shall include the following minimum information:

(1) Process description.

(2) Air pollution capture system and control device

description.

(3) Process conditions during testing. 

(4) Test results and example calculations. 

(5) Description of sampling locations and test 

methods. 

(6) QA measures. 

(7) Field and analytical data. 
-331­

§ XX.3081 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures:

Determining the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Content of

Coatings and Inks.

(a) Sampling procedures shall follow the guidelines

presented in "Standard Procedure for Collection of Coating

and Ink Samples for VOC Content Analysis by Reference Method

24 and Reference Method 24A," EPA-340/1-91-010.

(b) The analytical methods and procedures specified

below shall be used to determine the VOC content of each

coating, as applied:

(1)(i) Method 24 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall

be used he determine total volatile content, water content,

and density of coatings. For determining total volatile

content, all samples shall be oven-dried at 110oC for 1

hour. 

(ii) To determine the total volatile content, water

content, and density of multicomponent coatings, the

following procedures shall be used in addition to Method 24

of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A: 

(A) The components shall be mixed in a storage

container in the same proportions as those in the coating,

as applied. The mixing shall be accomplished by weighing

the components in the proper proportion into a container

that is closed between additions and during mixing. About

100 milliliters (ml) of coating shall be prepared in a
-332­

container just large enough to hold the mixture prior to

withdrawing a sample.

(B) For determining volatile content, a sample shall

be withdrawn from the mixed coating and then transferred to

a dish where the sample shall stand for at least 1 hour, but

no more than 24 hours, prior to being oven-dried at 110°C

for 1 hour.

(C) For determining the water content and density of

multicomponent coatings, samples shall be taken from the

same 100-ml mixture of coating and shall be analyzed by the

appropriate ASTM methods referenced in Method 24 of 40 CFR

Part 60, Appendix A.

(2) Method 24 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be

used in determining total volatile content, water content,

and density of any flexographic or packaging rotogravure

printing ink and related coatings. Alternatively, Method

24A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, may be used.

(3) Method 24A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall

be used in determining total volatile content, water

content, and density of any publication rotogravure printing

ink and related coatings.

(4) The following additional procedure shall be used

in analyzing a coating sample: "Standard Procedure for

Analysis of Coating and Ink Samples," EPA-340/1-91-011.

(c) Use of adaptations to test methods. Use of an

adaptation to any of the analytical methods specified in
-333­

paragraph (b) of this section shall be approved by the

Administrator on a case-by-case basis. An owner or operator

shall submit sufficient documentation for the Administrator

to find that the analytical methods specified in paragraphs

(b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(3) will yield inaccurate results and

that the proposed adaptation is appropriate. 

(d) Each sample collected for analysis shall meet the

following criteria:

(1) Each sample shall be at least 250 ml (8 ounces

[oz]) taken into a 250-ml (8-oz) container at a location and

time such that the sample will be representative of the

coating or ink, as applied (i.e., the sample shall include

any dilution solvent or VOC added during the manufacturing

process).

(2) If a sample larger than 250 ml (8 oz) is

obtained, the sample container shall be of a size such that

the sample completely fills the container.

(3) The container shall be tightly sealed immediately

after the sample is taken.

(4) Any solvent or other VOC added after the sample

is taken shall be measured and accounted for in the

calculations in paragraph (c) of this section.

(5) For multicomponent coatings, separate samples of

each component shall be obtained. 

(e) Calculations for determining the VOC content of

coatings and inks from data as determined by Method 24 or
-334­

24A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall follow the guidance

provided in the following documents: 

(1) "A Guideline for Surface Coating Calculations,"

EPA-340/1-86-016.

(2) "Procedures for Certifying Quantity of Volatile

Organic Compounds Emitted by Paint, Ink and Other Coatings," 

(Revised June 1986) EPA-450/3-84-019.
-335­

§ XX.3082 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: 

Alternative Compliance Methods for Surface Coating.

(a) Daily-weighted average. The daily-weighted

average VOC content, in units of mass of VOC per unit volume

of coating, excluding water and exempt compounds, as

applied, of the coatings used on a day on a coating unit,

line, or operation shall be calculated using the following

equation:

where:

VOCw =

n =

Vi =

Ci =

The daily-weighted average VOC content of the

coatings, as applied, used on a coating unit,

line, or operation in units of kilograms of VOC

per liter of coating (kg VOC/L) (pounds of VOC per

gallon of coating [lb VOC/gal]), excluding water

and exempt compounds.

The number of different coatings, as applied, each

day on a coating unit, line, or operation.

The volume of each coating, as applied, each day

on a coating unit, line, or operation in units of

L (gal), excluding water and exempt compounds.

The VOC content of each coating, as applied, each

day on a coating unit, line, or operation in units
-336­

of kg VOC/L of coating (lb VOC/gal), excluding 

water and exempt compounds. 

VT = The total volume of all coating, as applied, each 

day on a coating unit, line, or operation in units 

of L (gal), excluding water and exempt compounds. 

(b) [Reserved] 

(c) Overall emission reduction efficiency for control 

systems. The overall emission reduction efficiency needed 

to demonstrate compliance is determined each day as follows:

(1) Obtain the emission limitation from the

applicable section of this subpart.

(2) Calculate the emission limitation on a solids

basis according to the following equation:

where: 

S = The VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/L 

of coating solids (lb VOC/gal). 

C = The VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/L 

of coating (lb/gal), excluding water and exempt 

compounds. 

d = The density of VOC for converting emission 

limitation to a solids basis. The density equals 

0.882 kg/L (7.36 lb/gal). 
-337-

(3) Calculate the required overall emission reduction

efficiency of the control system for the day according to

the following equation:

where:

E =

VOCa =

S =

The required overall emission reduction efficiency

of the control system for the day.

(1) The maximum VOC content of the coatings, as

applied, used each day on the subject coating

unit, line, or operation, in units of kg VOC/L of

coating solids (lb VOC/gal), as determined by the

applicable test methods and procedures specified

in § XX.3081 of this subpart. (2) Alternatively,

the daily-weighted average VOC content, as

applied, of the coatings used each day on the

subject coating unit, line, or operation, in units

of kg VOC/L of coating solids (lb VOC/gal), as

determined by the applicable test methods and

procedures specified in § XX.3081 of this subpart

and the procedure in paragraph (c)(4) of this

section.

VOC emission limitation in terms of kg VOC/L of

coating solids (lb VOC/gal).
-338-

(4) The daily-weighted average VOC content, as

applied, of the coatings used on a coating unit, line, or

operation in units of mass of VOC per unit volume of coating

solids shall be calculated by the following equation:

where:

VOCws =

n =

Vi =

Wvoci =

The daily-weighted average VOC content, as

applied, of the coatings used on a coating unit,

line, or operation in units of mass of VOC per

unit volume of coating solids.

The number of different coatings, as applied,

used in a day on a coating unit, line, or

operation.

The volume of each coating (i), as applied, used

in a day on a coating unit, line, or operation

in units of liters (L) (gallons [gal]).

The weight fraction of VOC in each coating (i),

as applied, used in a day on a coating unit,

line, or operation in units of kg VOC/kg coating

(lb/lb).
-339­

Di = The density of each coating (i) as applied, used 

in a day on a coating unit, line, or operation 

in units of kg coating/L of coating (lb/gal). 

VSi = The volume fraction solids content of each 

coating (i), as applied, used in a day on a 

coating unit, line, or operation in units of L 

solids/L coating (gal/gal). 
-340­

§ XX.3083 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Emission

Capture and Destruction or Removal Efficiency and Monitoring

Requirements.

(a) Determining the efficiency of volatile organic

compound (VOC) capture systems.

(1) For purposes of this paragraph, the following

definitions and abbreviations apply:

"Gas/gas method" means either of two methods for

determining capture that rely only on gas phase

measurements. One method requires construction of a

temporary total enclosure (TTE) to ensure all potential

fugitive emissions are measured while the other method uses

the room or building that houses the source as an enclosure.

"Hood" means a partial enclosure or canopy for

capturing and exhausting, by means of a draft, the organic

vapors or other fumes rising from a coating process or other

source.

"Liquid/gas method" means either of two methods for

determining capture that require both gas phase and liquid

phase measurements and analysis. One liquid/gas method

requires construction of a temporary enclosure, and the

other uses the building or room that houses the facility as

an enclosure.

"Process line" means any coating unit, coating line,

coating operation, or printing press.
-341-

"PTE" is a permanent total enclosure, which contains a

process that emits VOC and meets the specifications given in

Method 30 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published].

"TTE" is a temporary total enclosure that is built

around a process that emits VOC and meets the specifications

given in Method 30 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be

published].

"BE" is a building or room enclosure that contains a

process that emits VOC's. If a BE is to substitute for a

PTE or TTE, the appropriate requirements given in Method 30

of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published] shall be

met.

(2) Applicability.

(i) The requirements of paragraph (a)(3) shall apply

to all regulated VOC emitting processes using a control

system except as provided below.

(ii) If a source owner or operator installs a PTE that

meets EPA specifications, and that directs all VOC to a

control device, the capture efficiency is assumed to be 100

percent, and the source is exempted from the requirements

described in paragraph (a)(3). Method 30 of 40 CFR Part 60,

Appendix A [to be published] shall be used to determine

whether a structure is a PTE. This does not exempt a source

from performing any control device efficiency testing

required under this subpart. In addition, a source shall
-342­

demonstrate that all criteria for a PTE are met during the

testing for capture efficiency.

(iii) If a source owner or operator uses a control

device designed to collect and recover VOC (e.g., carbon

adsorber), an explicit measurement of capture efficiency is

not necessary if the conditions given below are met. The

overall emission reduction efficiency of the control system

shall be determined each day by directly comparing the input

liquid VOC (L) to the recovered liquid VOC. The procedure

for use in this situation is specified in 40 CFR 60.433 with

the following modifications:

(A) The source owner or operator shall obtain data

each day for the solvent usage and solvent recovery and

determine the solvent recovery efficiency of the system each

day using a 7-day rolling period. The recovery efficiency

for each day is computed as the ratio of the total recovered

solvent for that day and the prior 6 consecutive operating

days to the total solvent usage for the same 7-day period

used for the recovered solvent, rather than a 30-day

weighted average as given in 40 CFR 60.433. This ratio

shall be expressed as a percentage. This shall be done

within 72 hours following each 24-hour period. A source

that believes that the 7-day rolling period is not

appropriate may use the method provided in Appendix A of

this subpart to determine an alternative multiday rolling
-343­

period. In no event shall the rolling period determined

under this method exceed a 30-day rolling period.

(B) If the solvent recovery system controls multiple

process lines, the source owner or operator shall

demonstrate that the overall control (i.e., the total

recovered solvent VOC divided by the sum of liquid VOC input

to all process lines venting to the control system) meets or

exceeds the most stringent standard applicable for any

process line venting to the control system.

(3) Specific Requirements.

(i) The capture efficiency shall be measured using one

of the four protocols given in paragraphs (a)(3)(iii)(A)

through (a)(3)(iii)(D) of this section.

(ii) Any error margin associated with a test protocol

may not be incorporated into the results of a capture

efficiency test.

(iii) Any source required to comply with this section

shall use one of the following protocols to measure capture

efficiency, unless a suitable alternative protocol is

approved by EPA as part of a SIP or FIP revision:

(A) Gas/gas method using TTE. Method 30 of 40 CFR

Part 60, Appendix A [to be published] shall be used to

determine whether a temporary enclosure is a TTE. The

capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:
-344­

where: 

CE = Capture efficiency, decimal fraction. 

G = Mass of VOC captured and delivered to control 

device using a TTE. 

F = Mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from a TTE. 

Either Method 30B or Method 30C of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix

A [to be published] is used to obtain G. Method 30D of 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published] is used to obtain

F.

(B) Liquid/gas method using TTE. Method 30 of 40 CFR

Part 60, Appendix A [to be published] shall be used to

determine whether a temporary enclosure is a TTE. The

capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:

where: 

CE = Capture efficiency, decimal fraction. 

L = Mass of liquid VOC input to process. 

F = Mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from a TTE. 

Either Method 30A or Method 30F of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix

A [to be published] is used to obtain L. Method 30D of 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published] is used to obtain

F.
-345-

(C) Gas/gas method using the building or room (BE) in

which the source is located as the enclosure and in which G

and F are measured while operating only the source to be

tested. All fans and blowers in the building or room shall

be operated as they would be under normal production. The

capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:

where: 

CE = Capture efficiency, decimal fraction. 

G = Mass of VOC captured and delivered to a control 

device. 

FB = Mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from building 

enclosure. 

Either Method 30B or Method 30C of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix

A [to be published] is used to obtain G. Method 30E of 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published] is used to obtain

FB.

(D) Liquid/gas method using the building or room (BE)

in which the source is located as the enclosure and in which

L and F are measured while operating only the source to be

tested. All fans and blowers in the building or room shall

be operated as they would under normal production. The

capture efficiency equation to be used for this protocol is:
-346­

where: 

CE = Capture efficiency, decimal fraction. 

L = Mass of liquid VOC input to process. 

FB = Mass of fugitive VOC that escapes from building 

enclosure. 

Either Method 30A or Method 30F of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix

A [to be published] is used to obtain L. Method 30E of 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published] is used to obtain

FB.

(4) Recordkeeping and Reporting.

(i) All sources complying with this section shall

maintain on file a copy of the capture efficiency protocol

submitted to EPA. All results of appropriate test methods

and CE protocols shall be reported to EPA within 60 days of

the test date. A copy of the results shall be kept on file

with the source.

(ii) If any changes are made to capture or control

equipment, the source is required to notify EPA within 30

days of these changes and a new capture efficiency and/or

control device destruction or removal efficiency test may be

required.
-347-

(b) Determining the destruction or removal efficiency

of incinerators and carbon adsorbers.

(1) Testing. 

(i) The control device destruction or removal

efficiency shall be determined from data obtained by

simultaneously measuring the inlet and outlet gas-phase VOC

concentrations and gas volumetric flow rates in accordance

with the gas-phase test methods specified in § XX.3084 of

this subpart. The control device destruction or removal

efficiency shall be calculated using the following equation:

where: 

E = 

Qi = 

Ci = 

Qj = 

VOC destruction efficiency of the control device.

Volumetric flow rate of the effluent gas flowing

through stack i entering the control device, dry

standard cubic meters per hour (dscm/hr).

Concentration of VOC (as carbon) in the effluent

gas flowing through stack i entering the control

device, parts per million by volume (ppmv).

Volumetric flow rate of the effluent gas flowing

through stack j leaving the control device,

dscmh.
-348­

Cj = Concentration of VOC (as carbon) in the effluent 

gas flowing through stack j leaving the control 

device, ppmv. 

n = The number of vents to the control device. 

m = The number of vents after the control device. 

(ii) A source using a PTE (or a BE as a PTE) shall 

demonstrate that this enclosure meets the requirements given

in Method 30 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published]

for a PTE during any testing of a control device.

(iii) A source using a TTE (or a BE as a TTE) shall

demonstrate that this enclosure meets the requirements given

in Method 30 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A [to be published]

for a TTE during testing of a control device. The source

shall also provide documentation that the quality assurance

criteria for a TTE have been achieved.

(2) Monitoring.

(i) Any owner or operator who uses an incinerator or

regenerative carbon adsorber to comply with any part of this

subpart shall install, calibrate, certify to the

Administrator, operate, and maintain continuous monitoring

equipment. The continuous monitoring equipment shall

monitor the following parameters:

(A) Combustion chamber temperature of each thermal

incinerator or afterburner.

(B) Temperature rise immediately before the catalyst

bed and across each catalytic incinerator bed.
-349-

(C) The VOC concentration of the outlet from each

carbon adsorption bed.

(ii) The continuous temperature monitoring equipment

must be equipped with a continuous recorder and have an

accuracy of ±1 percent of the combustion temperature being

measured expressed in degrees Celsius (°C) or ±0.5°C,

whichever is greater.

(iii) The owner or operator shall ensure that the

quality assurance measures in § XX.3086(j) and the quality

control procedures in § XX.3087 of this subpart are met.

(c) Determining the overall emission reduction

efficiency. The overall emission reduction efficiency of

the emission control system shall be determined each day as

the product of the capture efficiency, as determined using

the capture efficiency test method in 40 CFR Part 60,

Appendix A [to be published], and the control device

destruction or removal efficiency; or for each solvent

recovery system, by the test protocol described in paragraph

(a)(2)(iii)(A) of this section for comparing liquid input to

liquid VOC recovery. The results of the capture efficiency

test and control device destruction or removal efficiency

test remain valid for each day until a subsequent test is

performed. The results of any valid test may be used for

each day until superseded by the results of a valid test

subsequently performed.
-350­

§ XX.3084 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: 

Determining the Destruction or Removal Efficiency of a

Control Device.

(a) Depending upon the conditions at a test site, one

of the following test methods from 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix

A, must be used to determine volatile organic compound (VOC)

concentrations of a gas stream at the inlet and outlet of a

control device:

(1) Method 18. 

(2) Method 25. 

(3) Method 25A. 

(b) The method selected shall be based on 

consideration of the diversity of organic species present

and their total concentration and on consideration of the

potential presence of interfering gases. Because of the

different response factors for the many organic compounds

formed during the combustion process, only Method 25, which

measures VOC as carbon, shall be used for determining

destruction efficiency of incinerators or catalytic

incinerators, except in cases where the allowable outlet VOC

concentration of the control device is less than 50 ppm as

carbon, in which case Method 25A shall be used.

(c) Except as indicated in paragraphs (c)(1) and

(2) of this section, a test shall consist of three separate

runs, each lasting a minimum of 60 minutes (min), unless the
-351­

Administrator determines that process variables dictate

shorter sampling times.

(1) When the method is to be used to determine the

efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with a

common exhaust stack for all of the individual adsorber

vessels, the test shall consist of three separate runs, each

coinciding with one or more complete sequences through the

adsorption cycles of all the individual adsorber vessels.

(2) When the method is to be used to determine the

efficiency of a fixed-bed carbon adsorption system with

individual exhaust stacks for each adsorber vessel, each

adsorber vessel shall be tested individually. The test for

each adsorber vessel shall consist of three separate runs. 

Each run shall coincide with one or more complete adsorption

cycles.

(d) Method 1 or 1A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A,

shall be used for velocity traverses.

(e) Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of 40 CFR Part 60,

Appendix A, shall be used for velocity and volumetric flow

rates.

(f) Method 3 or 3A of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A,

shall be used for O2 and CO2 analysis.

(g) Method 4 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A, shall be

used for stack gas moisture.
-352-

(h) Methods 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 3, 3A and 4 of 40 CFR Part

60, Appendix A, shall be performed, as applicable, at least

twice during each test run.

(i) Use of adaptations to test methods. Use of an

adaptation to any of the analytical methods specified in

paragraphs (a) and (d) through (h) of this section shall be

approved by the Administrator on a case-by-case basis. An

owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation for

the Administrator to find that the analytical methods

specified in paragraphs (a) and (d) through (h) will yield

inaccurate results and that the proposed adaptation is

appropriate. 
-353­

§ XX.3085 Test Methods and Compliance Procedures: Leak

Detection Methods for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's).

(a) Owners or operators required to carry out a leak

detection monitoring program shall comply with the following

requirements:

(1) Monitoring shall be performed in accordance with

Method 21 of 40 CFR Part 60, Appendix A.

(2) The detection instrument shall meet the

performance criteria of Method 21.

(3) The detection instrument shall be calibrated

before and after use on each day of its use by the methods

specified in Method 21. Failure to achieve a post-use

calibration precision of less than 10 percent shall

constitute grounds for rejecting all tests performed since

the last pre-use calibration. In such cases, required leak

tests must be reperformed.

(4) Calibration gases shall be:

(i) Zero air (less than 10 parts per million [ppm] of

hydrocarbon in air).

(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a

concentration of approximately, but less than, 10,000 ppm

methane or n-hexane.

(5) The detection instrument probe shall be traversed

around all potential leak interfaces as close to the

interface as possible as described in Method 21.
-354-

(b) When equipment is tested for compliance with the

requirement that there be no detectable emissions, the test

shall comply with the following: 

(1) The requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) through

(a)(5) of this section shall apply and shall be met, and

(2) The background level shall be determined as set

forth in Method 21. 

(c) Leak detection tests shall be performed consistent 

with: 

(1) "APTI Course SI 417-Controlling Volatile Organic 

Compound Emissions from Leaking Process Equipment," 

EPA-450/2-82-015.

(2) "Portable Instrument User's Manual for Monitoring

VOC Sources," EPA-340/1-86-015.

(3) "Protocols for Generating Unit--Specific Emission

Estimates for Equipment Leaks of VOC and VHAP,"

EPA-450/3-88-010.

(4) "Petroleum Refinery Enforcement Manual," 

EPA-340/1-80-008.

(d) Use of adaptations to test methods. Use of an

adaptation to any of the analytical methods specified in

paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section shall be

approved by the Administrator on a case-by-case basis. An

owner or operator shall submit sufficient documentation for

the Administrator to find that the analytical methods

specified in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) will yield
-355­

inaccurate results and that the proposed adaptation is

appropriate.
-356­

§ XX.3086 Performance Specifications for Continuous

Emissions Monitoring of Total Hydrocarbons. 

(a) Applicability. 

(1) This method applies to the measurement of total

hydrocarbons as a surrogate measure for the total gaseous

organic concentration of the VOC control device outlet. The

concentration is expressed in terms of propane.

(2) The Administrator may approve the use of gas

conditioning, including cooling to between 4.4° and 18°C

(40° and 64°F), and condensate traps to reduce the moisture

content of the sample gas if the owner/operator:

(i) Successfully demonstrates to the Administrator

that the use of such system is necessary for the specific

application.

(ii) Includes in the demonstration a quantification of

the total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) lost to the gas

conditioning system.

(b) Principal. A gas sample is extracted from the

source through a heated sample line and heated glass fiber

filter to a flame ionization detector (FID). Results are

reported as volume concentration equivalents of the propane.

(c) Definitions. As used in this section, all terms

not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the

Act or in § XX.3000 of this subpart.

"Calibration drift" means the difference in the

measurement system response to a mid-level calibration gas
-357­

before and after a stated period of operation during which

no unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took

place.

"Calibration error" means the difference between the

gas concentration indicated by the measurement system and

the known concentration of the calibration system.

"Calibration gas" means a known concentration of a gas

in an appropriate diluent gas.

"Measurement system" means the total equipment required

for the determination of the inlet and outlet gas

concentrations, percent capture efficiency, and gas outlet

emission rate. The system consists of the following major

subsystems:

(1) Sample interface--the portion of the system that

is used for one or more of the following: 

(i) Sample acquisition.

(ii) Sample transportation.

(iii) Sample conditioning.

(iv) Protection of the analyzer from the effects of

the stack effluent.

(2) Organic analyzer--the portion of the system that

senses organic concentration and generates an output

proportional to the gas concentration.

(3) Data recorder--the portion of the system that

records a permanent record of the measurement values. 
-358-

(4) Flow rate system--a gas volume meter meeting the

requirements of Method 2A, Section 2.1 (40 CFR Part 60,

Appendix A).

"Response time" means the time interval from a step

change in pollutant concentration at the inlet to the

emission measurement system to the time at which 95 percent

of the corresponding final value is reached as displayed on

the recorder.

"Span value" means for most incinerators, a 50 parts

per million (ppm) propane span. Higher span values may be

necessary if propane emissions are significant. For

convenience, the span value should correspond to 100 percent

of the recorder scale.

"Zero drift" means the difference in the measurement

system response to a zero level calibration gas before and

after a stated period of operation during which no

unscheduled maintenance, repair, or adjustment took place.

(d) Apparatus. [Note: this method is often applied in

highly explosive areas. Caution should be exercised in

choice of equipment and installation.] An acceptable

measurement system includes a sample interface system, a

calibration valve, gas filter and a pump preceding the

analyzer. THC measurement systems are designated HOT or

COLD systems based on the operating temperatures of the

system. In HOT systems, all components in contact with the

sample gas (probe, calibration valve, filter, and sample
-359­

lines) as well as all parts of the flame ionization analyzer

between the sample inlet and the FID must be maintained

between 150° to 175°C. This includes the sample pump if it

is located on the inlet side of the FID. A condensate trap

may be installed, if necessary, to prevent any condensate

entering the FID. The essential components of the

measurement system are as follows:

(1) Organic concentration analyzer. An FID capable of

meeting or exceeding the specifications in this method.

(2) Sample probe. Use either paragraph (d)(2)(i) or

(ii) of this section.

(i) Stainless steel, or equivalent, three-hole rake

type. Sample holes shall be 4 millimeters (mm) (0.2 inches

[in.] in diameter or smaller and located at 16.7, 50, and

83.3 percent of the equivalent stack diameter.

(ii) A single opening probe so that a gas sample is

collected from the centrally located 10 percent area of the

stack cross section.

(3) Sample line. Stainless steel or Teflon1

tubing to transport the sample gas to the analyzer. The

sample line from the heated probe shall be heated to between

150 and 175°C (302 and 347°F).

(4) Calibration valve assembly. Use either paragraph

(d)(4)(i) or (ii) of this section.

1Mention of trade names or specific products does not

constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection

Agency.
-360-

(i) A heated three-way valve assembly to direct the

zero and calibration gases to the analyzers. 

(ii) Other methods, such as quick-connect lines, to

route calibration gas to the analyzers.

(5) Particulate filter. An in-stack or an out-ofstack glass fiber filter if exhaust gas particulate loading

is significant. An out-of-stack filter must be heated.

(6) Recorder. A strip-chart recorder, analog

computer, or digital recorder for recording measurement

data. The minimum data recording shall be one measurement

value per minute.

(e) Calibration gases and other gases.

(1) Gases used for calibration, fuel, and combustion

air shall be contained in compressed gas cylinders. 

(2) Preparation of calibration gases shall be done

according to the procedure in Protocol No. 1, listed in the

reference in paragraph (l)(2) of this section. 

(3) The recommended shelf life for each calibration

gas cylinder over which the concentration does not change

more than ±2 percent from the certified value shall be

obtained from the cylinder manufacturer.

(4) The following calibration and other gases shall be 

used: 

(i) Fuel. A 40 percent hydrogen and 60 percent helium 

or 40 percent hydrogen and 60 percent nitrogen gas mixture

to avoid an oxygen synergism effect that reportedly occurs
-361­

when oxygen concentration varies significantly from a mean

value.

(ii) Zero gas. High purity air with less than

0.1 parts per million by volume (ppmv) of organic material

methane or carbon equivalent or less than 0.1 percent of the

span value, whichever is greater.

(iii) Low-level calibration gas. Propane calibration

gas (in air or nitrogen) with a concentration equivalent to

20 to 30 percent of the applicable span value.

(iv) Mid-level calibration gas. Propane calibration

gas with a concentration equivalent to 45 to 55 percent of

the applicable span value.

(v) High-level calibration gas. Propane calibration

gas with a concentration equivalent to 80 to 90 percent of

the applicable span value.

(f) Measurement system performance specifications.

(1) Zero drift shall be less than ±3 percent of the

span value.

(2) Calibration drift shall be less than ±3 percent of

the span value.

(3) Calibration error shall be less than ±5 percent of

the calibration gas value.

(g) Pretest preparations. 

(1) Selection of sampling site. 

(i) The location of the sampling site shall be 

determined from the applicable section of this subpart or
-362­

purpose of the test (i.e., exhaust stack, inlet line, etc). 

(ii) The sample port shall be located at least

1.5 meters (4.9 feet) or 2 equivalent diameters upstream of

the gas discharge to the atmosphere.

(2) Location of sample probe. The sample probe must

be installed so that the probe is centrally located in the

stack, pipe or duct and is sealed tightly at the stack port

connection.

(3) Measurement systems preparation. Prior to the

emission test, the measurement system must be assembled

following the manufacturer's written instructions in

preparing the sample interface and the organic analyzer. 

The system must be operable.

(4) Calibration error test. 

(i) Immediately prior to the test series (within

2 hours of the start of the test), zero gas and high-level

calibration gas shall be introduced at the calibration valve

assembly. 

(ii) The analyzer output shall be adjusted to the

appropriate levels, if necessary. 

(iii) The predicted response for the low-level and

mid-level gases shall be calculated based on a linear

response line between the zero and high-level responses. 

(iv) Low-level and mid-level calibration gases shall

be introduced successively to the measurement system. 
-363-

(v) The analyzer responses for low-level and mid-level

calibration gases shall be recorded, and the differences

between the measurement system responses and the predicted

responses shall be determined. These differences must be

less than ±5 percent of the respective calibration gas

value. If not, the measurement system shall be deemed not

acceptable and must be replaced or repaired prior to

testing. No adjustments to the measurement system shall be

conducted after the calibration and before the drift

determination found in paragraph (h)(2) of this section. 

(vi) If adjustments are necessary before the

completion of the test series, the drift checks shall be

performed prior to the required adjustments, and the

calibration following the adjustments shall be repeated.

(vii) If multiple electronic ranges are to be used,

each additional range must be checked with a mid-level

calibration gas to verify the multiplication factor.

(5) Response time test. 

(i) Zero gas shall be introduced into the measurement

system at the calibration valve assembly. 

(ii) When the system output has stabilized, the owner

or operator shall switch quickly to the high-level

calibration gas. 

(iii) The time shall be recorded from the

concentration change to the measurement system response

equivalent to 95 percent of the step change. 
-364-

(iv) The test shall be repeated three times and the

results averaged.

(h) Emission measurement test procedure. 

(1) Organic measurement. 

(i) Sampling shall begin at the start of the test 

period. 

(ii) Time and any required process information shall

be recorded, as appropriate. 

(iii) Periods of process interruption or cyclic

operation shall be noted on the recording chart.

(2) Drift determination. 

(i) Immediately following the completion of the test

period and hourly during the test period, the zero and midlevel calibration gases shall be introduced, one at a time,

to the measurement system at the calibration valve assembly. 

No adjustments to the measurement system shall be made until

after both the zero and calibration drift checks are made. 

(ii) The analyzer response shall be recorded. 

(iii) If the drift values exceed the specified limits,

the test results shall be invalidated preceding the check,

and the test shall be repeated following corrections to the

measurement system. 

(iv) Alternatively, the test measurement system may be

recalibrated as in paragraph (g)(4) of this section and the

results reported using both sets of calibration data (i.e.,
-365­

data determined prior to the test period and data determined

following the test period).

(i) Organic concentration calculations. The average

organic concentration shall be determined in terms of ppmv

propane by the integration of the output recording over the

period specified in the applicable section of this subpart.

(j) Quality assurance. 

(1) The owner or operator shall assure proper

calibration, maintenance, and operation of the continuous

emissions monitoring system on a continual basis. 

(2) The owner or operator shall establish a quality

assurance program to evaluate and monitor performance on a

continual basis. The following checks shall be done

routinely:

(i) A daily calibration check for each monitor. The

calibration shall be adjusted if the check indicates the

instrument's calibration drift exceeds the specification

established in paragraph (f) of this section. 

(ii) A daily system audit that includes the following:

(A) A review of the calibration check data.

(B) An inspection of the recording system.

(C) An inspection of the control panel warning lights.

(D) An inspection of the sample transport/interface

system (e.g., flowmeters, filters), as appropriate.
-366-

(iii) A quarterly calibration error test at the span

midpoint.

(iv) The entire performance specification test

repeated every second year.

(k) Reporting of total hydrocarbon levels.

(1) The total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) levels

from the initial compliance certification test shall be

reported as ppm propane for inlet and outlet concentrations

and as a percent reduction across the control device. 

(2) THC levels shall be expressed in milligrams per

second (mg/sec) (pounds per second [lb/sec]).

(3) This conversion shall be accomplished using the

following equation:

THC,mg/sec = (THC ppm propane)x(stack gas flow) x 5.2 x 10-2

where: 

THC ppm propane = The total hydrocarbon concentration as 

actually measured by this method in ppm 

propane at the inlet or outlet.

 Stack gas flow = Measured in dry standard cubic feet per 

second as determined by the flowmeter 

system or Methods 2 and 4.

 5.2 x 10-2 = Constant to account for the conversion 

of units. 
-367-

(l) References.

(1) Measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds--

Guideline Series. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. Publication No.

EPA-450/2-78-041. June 1978. p. 46-54.

(2) Traceability Protocol for Establishing True

Concentrations of Gases Used for Calibration and Audits of

Continuous Source Emission Monitors (Protocol No. 1). 

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental

Monitoring and Support Laboratory. Research Triangle Park,

North Carolina. June 1973.

(3) Gasoline Vapor Emission Laboratory Evaluation--

Part 2. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of

Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park,

North Carolina. EMB Report No. 75-GAS-6. August 1975.

(4) Appendix D: Performance Specifications for

Continuous Emissions Monitoring of Total Hydrocarbons in

Hazardous Waste Incinerators, Boilers and Industrial

Furnaces. Federal Register. 54:206 pp. 43743-43745. 

October 26, 1989.
-368­

§ XX.3087 Quality Control Procedures for Continuous

Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)

(a) CEMS quality control (QC) program. Each owner or

operator of a CEMS shall develop and implement a CEMS QC

program. At a minimum, each QC program shall include

written procedures that describe in detail step-by-step

procedures and operations for each of the following:

(1) Initial and routine periodic calibration of the 

CEMS. 

(2) Calibration drift (CD) determination and 

adjustment of the CEMS.

(3) Preventative maintenance of the CEMS (including

spare parts inventory).

(4) Data recording, calculations, and reporting.

(5) Accuracy audit procedures including sampling and

analysis methods.

(6) Program of corrective action for malfunctioning

CEMS.

(b) Determining out-of-control condition for the

CEMS.

(1) If either the zero (or low-level) or high-level

CD exceeds twice the applicable drift specification in 40

CFR Part 60, Appendix B, for five consecutive daily periods,

the CEMS is out-of-control.

(2) If either the zero (or low-level) or high-level

CD exceeds four times the applicable drift specification in
-369­

40 CFR Part 60, Appendix B, during any CD check, the CEMS is

out-of-control.

(3) If the CEMS fails a performance audit (PA), the

CEMS is out-of-control, and the owner or operator shall take

necessary corrective action to eliminate the problem. 

Following the corrective action, the source owner or

operator shall reconduct the appropriate failed portion of

the audit and other applicable portions to determine whether

the monitoring system is operating properly and within

specifications. Monitoring data obtained during any out-ofcontrol period may not be used for compliance determination

or meet any data capture requirements; however, the data can

be used for identifying periods when there has been a

failure to meet quality assurance/quality control criteria.

(c) Determining the out-of-control time period for 

the CEMS. 

(1) The beginning of the out-of-control period is 

either of the following:

(i) The time corresponding to the completion of the

fifth consecutive daily CD check with CD in excess of two

times the allowable limit.

(ii) The time corresponding to completion of the

daily CD check preceding the daily CD check that results in

a CD in excess of four times the allowable limit.

(2) The end of the out-of-control period is the time

corresponding to the completion of the CD check following
-370­

corrective action that results in the CD's at both the zero

(or low-level) and high-level measurement points being

within the corresponding allowable CD limit (i.e., either

two times or four times the allowable limit in 40 CFR Part

60, Appendix B).

(3) If the CEMS failed a PA, the beginning of the

out-of-control period is the time corresponding to the

completion of the failed audit test. The end of the out-ofcontrol period is the time corresponding to a successful

retest of the PA sample.

(d) Recordkeeping. The owner or operator shall keep

the QC procedure described in paragraph (a) of this section

in a readily accessible location for at least 5 years and

shall make the procedure available to the Administrator upon

verbal or written request.

(e) Reporting. Upon verbal or written request, the

owner or operator shall submit to the Administrator a copy

of all information and records documenting out-of-control

periods including beginning and end dates and descriptions

of corrective actions taken.

§§ XX.3088-3099 [Reserved]
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APPENDIX A

Method to Determine Length of Rolling Period for 

Liquid-Liquid Material Balance Method 

[TO BE ADDED]