U.S. FISH & National 'Veil"md. R","c;nch CeIH",,: NASA.Slide!! Co:mp1e1t :uno Gause Boulevard Slidell, LA 7045S 

### Biological Report 85(15) December 1984

TAMPA SAY ENVIRONMENTALATLAS



### By J. Thomas Kunneke and Thomas F. Palik Martel Laboratories, Inc.

7100 30th Avenue North St. Petersburg, FL 33710

This study was sponsored by the Fish andWildlife Service U.S. Department ofthe Interior

Project Officer James Johnston National Coastal Ecosystems Team

U.S. Fish andWildlife Service

NASA/Slidell Computer Complex 1010 Gause Boulevard

Slidell, LA 70458
Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team

Division ofBiological Services Research and Development Fish andWildlife Service U.S. Department ofthe Interior Washington, DC 20240LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData 

### Kunneke, J. Thomas. Tampa Bayenvironmental atlas. (Biological report/ Fish andWildlife Service 85 (15)) "Projectofficer, James Johnston, National Coastal Ecosystems Team, U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, NASA/Slide" ComputerComplex. II 

### Supt. ofDocs. no.: I 

### 49.89/2:85(15) 1. Coastal ecology--Florida--Tampa Bay Region--Maps. 2. 

### Coastal zonemanagement--Florida--Tampa Bay Region-- Maps. 3. Tampa Bay Region (Fla.)--Maps. I. 

### Palik, Thomas F. II. 

### Martel Laboratories. III. 

### National Coastal Ecosystems Team (U.S.) 

### IV. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 

### V. Series: Biological report (Washington, DC) ; 85-15. G1317.T3C6K8 1986 912'.13339164'0916364 86-600552

This reportandthe accompanying atlas shouldbe cited: Kunneke, J.T., and T.F. Palik. 1984. Fish Wildl. Servo Bio1. Rep. 85(15). B21). Tampa Bay environmental atlas. U.S. 73 

### pp. + 

### 38 separatemaps (AI through

## PREFACE

The purpose of the Tampa Bay Environmental Atlas is to compile existing biological and water resource data for the Tampa Bay ecosystem and map these data at a scale of 1:24,000. The atlas was compiled in conjunction with the 1982, 1972, and 1952 wetland land-use mapping of the Tampa Bay area, which is also at a 

### scale of 1:24,000. The Tampa Bay Environmental Atlas consists of composited information overlain on 18 biological and 20 water resource base maps to produce a total of 38 maps, and an accompanying map narrative. Federal, State and local decision-makers will be able to use this atlas and its accompanying map narrative for coastal planning and management of the wetland areas within the Tampa Bay ecosystem study area. This project was conducted under Contract FWS 14-16-0009-83-002. Funding was provided by the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service. Any questions regarding this publication should be directed to: Information Transfer Specialist National Coastal Ecosystems Team U.S. Fish andWildlife Service NASA/Slidell Computer Complex 1010 Gause Boulevard Slidell, Louisiana 70458



### ; ;;

### CONVERSION TABLE**r~etric** to U.S. Customary**~lul** tiply millimeters (mrn) centimeters (an) meters (m) ki1ometers (km) 2 square meters {m) 2 square ki1ometers (km ) hectares (ha) liters (1) cubic meters (m3) cubic meters milligrams (mg) grams {g) kilograms (kg) metric tons (t) metric tons kilocalories (kcal) eelsius degrees

inches inches feet (ft) fathoms miles (mil oau':ical miles (nmi) square feet (ft2) acres 2 square miles (mi ) ;anons (gal) cubic feet (ft3) ,jere-feet

c:unces (oz) :)0 rds (lb) S[10rt tons (ton) fhtish thennal units (Btu)**~ahrenheit** degrees 

### !?1. 0.03937 0.3937 3.281 0.6214 10.76

0.3861 2.471 0.2642 35.31

0.0008110 0.00003527 0.03527 2.205 2205.0 1.102 3.968 1.8(OC) +32 

### U.S. Customary to Metric 25.40

2.54 0.3048 1.829 1.609 1.852 0.0929 0.4047 2.590 3.785 0.02831 1233.0

28.35

0.4536 0.9072 0.2520 O.5556(OF

- 32) 

### ;v To Obtain inches inches feet mi1es square feet square miles acres gallons cubic feet acre-feet

ounces ounces pounds pounds short tons British thennal units Fahrenheit degrees

millimeters centimeters meters meters ki1ometers ki1o'11eters square meters hectares square kilometers 1Hers cubicmeters cubic meters grams kilograms metric tons kilocalories Celsius degreesPREFACE

. CONVERSION TABLE

. FIGURES

. TABLES

. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

. 

### CONTENTS

iii iv vii

ix

x INTRODUCTION

. 1. 1.1 1. 1.3 Genera1

. Biological Resourc Water Resources

... 5 .. 1 1 3 3 

### 2. BIGLOGICAL RESOURCES

... 4 2. Approved Shellfish Harvest Area.... 4 2.2 Oyster Beds ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 Clams............. 6 2. Finfish Spawning, i'ursery, and Harvest Areas................... 7 2.::; Colonial Bird Nest ng Sites.................................... 11 2.6 Manatee Habitat... 15 2.7 Seagrass Beds..... 15 2. Macroalgae.................................................... 16 2.9 Artificial Reefs.. 16 3. WATER RESOURCES

. 18 3.1 Salinity.......... 18 3.2 Point Source Dischcrges.

.. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.3 Dredge Spoil Dispo al Arei1s.................................... 23 3.4 Tide Stations..... 23 3.5 Water Quality '

. .. . 30 3.6 Bathymetry........ 36 3.7 Intertidal Zone... 41 3.8 Sediments......... 41 3.9 Tidal Currents........... 42 3.10 Freshwater-Saltwater Intei'face................................. 45

v

### 4. APPENDIXES..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.1 Appendix A - Tampa BayWater Quality Stations Five-Year Seasonal Means................................................. 50 4.2 Appendix B - 1982 Commercial Landings (Pounds) and Exvessel Values (Dollars) for Selected Finfish Species for Pinellas, Hillsborough, and Manatee Counties.......

........ 60 4.3 Appendix C - 1982 Commercial Landings (Pounds) and Exvessel Values (Dollars) for Selected Shellfish Species for Pinellas, Hillsborough, and Manatee Counties....... 60 4.4 Appendix D - Colonial Bird Nesting Site Matrix.... 61 5. NARRATIVE REFERENCES................................................ 65 6. SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION........ 68 6.1 Biological Resources........................................... 68 6.2 Water Resources.

........... ...... . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... 70 7. GLOSSARy....

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72



### vi

### FIGURES


### Number 1 Quadrangles included in Tampa Bay environmental atlas 2 2 

### Approved shellfish harvest areas in Tampa Bay...... 5 3 

### Isopleth map ofmean annual total chlorophyll**(~g/l)** 

### for Tampa Bay, 1978-1983...................................... 31 4 Mean monthly stream discharge (1952-1966) for four major rivers discharging into Tampa Bay 33 5 

### Isopleth map ofannual specific conductivity (mmhos/cm) for Tampa Bay, 1978-1983...................................... 34 6 Isopleth map ofannual turbidity for Tampa Bay, 1978-1983

..... 35 7 

### Monthly water temperatures for St. Petersburg, Florida, 1947-1962.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 8 

### Isopleth map ofannual middepth water temperature for Tampa Bay, 1978-1983.......................................... 38 9 

### Isopleth map ofannual total nitrogen for Tampa Bay, 1978-1983 ,... . . . . .. ...... . ... ... . . 39 10 An example ofabathymetric map ofTampa Bay (1:250,000 scale) 40 11 Generalized sedimentmap ofthe Tampa Bay area 43 12 Mean monthly St. Petersburg mean sea level, 1947-1980 44 13 Mean annual St. Petersburgmean sea level, 1947-1980.....

.... 44 14 Typical flood tide current flow in Tampa Bay 46 15 Typical ebb tide current flow in Tampa Bay 47 16 Resultant current flow for one tidal cycle in Tampa Bay 48

vii

### Number 17 Generalized position ofthe freshwater-saltwater interface in the upperportion ofthe Floridan aquifer across the Tampa Bay area (1979); 250 mg/l chloride concentration isop1

### eth, orcontour 1i

### ne .

viii 49

### Number 1 2 3 4 5 

### TABLES

Artificial reefs

. Industrial point source discharges

. Municipal point source discharges

. National Ocean Service tide station data

. National Ocean Service tidal datums at Clearwater and St. Petersburg

.



### ix 17 21 24 27
29

### ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


### This atlas was funded by the National Coastal Ecosystems Team, Division of Biological Services, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. The authors sincerely appreciate the critical reviews of the first draft of this report which were provided by the Tampa Port Authority, Office of Environmental Affairs: William K. Fehring; U.S. Geological Survey, Tampa: Carl Goodwin; Office of the Governor, Tallahassee: Libby Herland; Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tampa: Ralph Moon; Tampa Bay Regional Planning Council, St. Petersburg: Michael McKinley; Florida Department of Natura1 Resources, St. Petersburg: Barbara Harris; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vera Beach: Joe Carroll; University of South Florida, Engineering Department, Tampa: Bernard Ross; Mangrove Systems, Inc., Tampa: Roy Lewis III; U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Jacksonville: DavidWesley; Gulfof Mexico.**~1inerals** 

### f'1anagement Service, New Orleans: Larry Handley. We would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the staff at the National Coastal Ecosystems Team including Joyce Rodberg, Daisy Singleton, Dianne Cain, Anita McKelroy, Gaye Farris, Rob Brown, and Sue Lauritzen. Martel Laboratories gratefully acknowledges the input and advice from the many individuals and organizations which supplied data for this atlas.



### x

### 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL The Tampa Bay Environmental Atlas is a comprehensive large-scale atlas of the bi01ogica1 and water resources of the Tampa Bay area. The study area is the greater Tampa Bay coastal region within the following 21 U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,OOO-scale quadrangle maps (Figure 1):

. Oldsmar Citrus Park Clearwater Safety Harbor Gandy Bridge Tampa Brandon Seminole St. Petersburg Port Tampa Gibsonton Riverview Pass-A-Grille Beach Cockroach Bay Ruskin Egmont Key Anna Maria Palmetto Parrish Bradenton Lorraine

The atlas is being produced in conjunction with the 1982, 1972, and 1952 wetland land-use mapping of the Tampa Bay area, which is also being mapped at a scale of 1:24,000. The Tampa Environmental Atlas consists of composited information overlain on 18 biological and 20 water resource base maps to produce 38 maps and this accompanying map narrative report. Map numbers A19, A20, A21, and B19 were not printed due to lack of data on the resources of this area. The data used in the production of this atlas meet all cartographic standards and specifications outlined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Previously or newly acquired map data and collateral information have been compiled to produce this atlas. The topics included within this map narrative are biological resources and water resources. Federal, State, and local decisionmakers will be able to use this atlas for coastal planning and management of the wetland areas within the Tampa Bay ecosystem study area. Included within the Tampa Bay Environmental Atlas are Tampa Bay (200.4 mi2), Hillsborough Bay (,10.4 mi2), Old Tampa Bay (78.3 mi2), 30ca Ciega Bay (26.9 mi2), St. Joseph Sound (53.2 mi2), and the northern portion of Sarasota Bay (55.6 mi2). The average depth of these waters is 11.4 ft (mhw) UkNulty et a1. 1972; Lewis and Whitman 1984).
1

# I
HILLSBOROUGHCOUNTY

- - -**~ATEE** C'ii'UNTv
-- -

# --I

. 

# I

. 

# I

,

# I I ---····----l

BRANDON 

### I

PARRISH CITRUS PARK ---pjNELLASY-• - - - • - • - --- •--- - - --- - -,**~I** 

### . 

# I I I 

# I I

Figure 1. Quadrangles included in TampaBay environmental atlas.



### 2

### 1.2 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The Tampa Bay ecosystem is part of the Outer Coastal Plain Ecological Province according to R.G. Bailey (1978). The Outer Coastal Plain Ecological Province is an area of gentle slopes with numerous rivers and creeks. Swamps, marshes, and 1

### akes are abundant in the region and support a wide variety of animal life. The Hillsborough, Alafia, Little Manatee, and Manatee Riveros all empty into Tampa Bay, which is a drowned river valley. Biological map topics are approved shellfish harvest areas, oyster beds, clams, scallops, finfish, shore birds, wading birds, manatee habitat, seagrass beds, and artificial reefs.
1.3 WATER RESOURCES The topics on the water resource maps include salinity (mapped as specific conductivity), point source discharges, dredge spoil disposal areas, tide stations, water quality, bathymetry, the intertidal zone, sediments (mapped by grain size), tidal currents, and the freshwater-saltwater interface.

3

### 2. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

2.1 APPROVED SHELLFISH HARVEST AREAS Approved shellfish harvest areas depicted in the atlas are defined by strict water quality standards and do not show actual extent of shellfish aggregations. Continual monitoring of fecal coliform bacteria levels is conducted by the Florida Department of Natural Resources (FDNR), Bureau of Marine Regulation and Development through the Department1s Shellfish Environmenta1 Assessment Section. Shellfish harvest areas are classified as either approved, conditionally approved, prohibited, or unclassified. Approved areas consistently fulfill water quality criteria (a total coliform bacteria of less than 70 colonies per 100-ml sample). Conditionally approved areas also meet water quality standards, but are subject to more frequent localized changes from flooding and urban runoff which reduce water quality. Prohibited areas, which consistently do not fulfi11 such requirements, are officially prohib"ted for the harvesting of shellfish. Unclassified areas are not subjected to continual water quality monitoring and are officially unapproved for shellfish harvesting. The classification of all coastal and estuarine waters is subject to change due to water quality standards. Cunent shellfish harvest status of any particular area can be obtained from county health departments and the local office of the FDNR, Shellfish Environmental Assessment Section, Punta Gorda, Florida, (813) 639-3443. Shellfish is a broad term applied to many invertebrates. The water quality constraints imposed by shellfish harvest areas are directed at those species of shellfish which filter water to feed, specifically clams and oysters. These fi1tel' feeders, eaten in theirentirety, have the potentia1 to concentrate pathogens and toxins (Palik and Lewis 1984). The generalized location of shellfish harvest areas is shown in Figure 2. Total commercial landings by shellfish species for Pinellas, Hillsborugh, and Manatee Counties for 1982 are itemized in Appendix

## c.

2.2 OYSTER BEDS The American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) spawns during the late spring and summer, generally from April through October. Larvae are pelagic for 2-3 weeks, then settle and become permanently attached to pilings, red mangrove roots, seawalls, or hard 5ubstY'ate in the form of oyster reefs. They then grow rap-idly, provided water flow, temperatuy'e, and salinity are favorable. Good water flow not only aids in dispersal of the iarvae, but also assures transport of nutrients and removal of wastes. Oysters can to1e'rate a wide salinity l'ange (l0-30 ppt). Temperatures of 25° to 26°C and sa-linities of 4GULF

OF

MEXICO CLEARWATER

LARGO

Legend: 

# [J]Approved shellfish harvest areas

## ~conditionallY approved shellfish harvest areas Figure 2. Approved shellfish harvest areas in Tampa Bay 

### (Florida Department of Natural Resources 1984).

525 ppt promote optimal growth. Oysters in Florida attain marketable size in about 3 years. Oysters are filter feeders, sorting food by size during ingestion. Phytoplankton, bacteria, and detritus are important foods (McNulty et a1. 1972). In the Tampa Bay study area, this species grows on nearly any suitable substrate such as seawalls and ridge-shaped reefs. The large, naturally occurring aggregations of oysters are depicted on the atlas maps as public oyster beds (Oys-l). In selected areas, portions of submerged lands within estuaries have been leased by private interests from the State of Florida to grow oysters. These areas appear on the atlas maps as private oyster beds (Oys-2). Certain areas acquired for oyster growing were subsequently closed to shellfish harvesting by the FDNR due to water quality below approved criteria. Because they are filter feeders, oysters can concentrate micro-organisms and heavy metals as much as several thousandfold; this poses a potential health hazard since oysters are often found in shallow estuaries which may be contaminated with effluent containing pathogenic bacteria and viruses. For this reason, oyster harvesting is regulated according to strict water quality standards. Because estuarine water quality is subject to rapid change, oyster areas must be monitored frequently and may be only conditionally approved. State law prohibits taking oysters between June 1 and August 31. The minimum allowable size for taking oysters is 3 inches as determined by State law. Oysters are not a commercially important shellfish in the Tampa Bay study area; only 132 lb brought in $167 in 1982 (Snell 1984).
2.3 CLAMS Three species of clams occur in significant abundance in the Tampa Bay study area: the northern quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria), the southern quahog (Mercenaria campechiensis), and the sunray venus clam (Macrocallista nimposa). All are found in estuaries and coastal waters from the mean high tide level to depths of 50 ft and in salinities of 20-35 ppt. Generalized areas of known clam concentrations as determined by Sims and Stokes 1967, Godcharles and Jaap 1973, Tracy 1983, and Sprague 1984 are shown as closed polygons on the individual atlas maps (please see Section 6.1.3). Clams prefer sandy bottoms in areas of low turbidity (clear water). Too much silt in the water can smother the animals. In bays, clams tend to occur in seagrasses and algal assemblages. The northern quahog did not historically occur on the west coast of Florida, but recent introductions appear to have established successful populations in Tampa Bay. Quahogs spawn between April and August, and sunray venus clams from July through December. Planktonic larvae remain in the water column for about 2 weeks before settling and burrowing into the sediments. Juveniles are subject to predation by the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). Southern quahogs grow to commercial**siz~** rapidly, reaching minimum size in 1 to 1.5 years, while northern quahogs requlre 2to 3 years, and sunray venus clams 5 to 6years. The life expectancy ofquahogs can be more than 15 years. 6

### Clams are suspension feeders, filtering detritus and micro-organisms from the water column. Thus, they may accumulate toxins and pathogens associated with red tides orpollutedwater. Areas ofTampa Bay support clam fisheries on a sporadic basis. State law regulates clam harvesting according to water quality standards; also, certain kinds of harvesting equipment (dredges) are prohibited because they cause excessive damage to sensitive areas such as seagrass meadows (Godcharles and Jaap 1973). Clams are harvested in the Tampa Bay area in waters mostly less than 5 ft by the use of handheld clam rakes which cause little increase in water turbidity (McNulty et a1. 

### 1972; Pali k and Lewis 1984). Clams are not a commercially important shellfish with only 70 lb bringing in $158 in 1982 (Snell 1984). However, they represent a commercially valuable recreational fishery.
2.4 FINFISH SPAWNING, NURSERY, AND HARVEST AREAS The sheltered embayments of the estuaries in and around Tampa Bayprovide vital habitat for adult and nursery stocks of the commercial and recreational finfish found in the TampaBay study area. Finfish spawning, nursery, and harvest areas are keyed to a species data matrix in the supplemental legend ofeach biological resource map. 2.4.1 Estuarine-Dependent Fishes The fo11

### owing finfish descriptions were taken from Pali k and Lewis 1984. Landings by fish species can be found in Appendix B. 2.4.1.1 Red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Red drum inhabit estuarine and nearshore Gulf of Mexico waters. Spawning occurs in nearshore coastal areas beginning in September and continuing through February. Larvae are transported to estuarine nursery areas by currents, where they remain during the summer, developing into juveniles which leave the estuary with the onset of cold weather. As the fish mature, they apparently prefer to spend more time in the shallow nearshore gulf. Red drum are primarily bottom feeders with a preference for crabs and shrimp. They exhibit secondary midwater and surface feeding. There is a 12-inch minimum size limit 

### on red drum. 2.4.1.2 Spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). The spotted seatrout is very closely tied to the estuary. Spawning occurs within the estuary and possibly in those waters immediately adjacent to the mouth of the estuary. South Florida stocks apparently spawn year round with a major peak in the spring and a minor peak in the fall. Essentially nonmigratory, seatrout exhibit a random residential range within the estuary. Tagging studies have shown that most fish move less than 30 mi. Seagrass meadows are the primary habitat for the spotted seatrout. Each estuary appears to have a unique breeding stock, each stock having slightly different morphological traits. Habitat preference appears to be seagrass beds. Spotted seatrout feed on fish, shrimp, and other crustaceans 7and become more piscivorous as they mature. A

### 12-inch minimum size 1imit is imposed throughout the study area. 

### 2.4.1.3 Snook (Centropomus undecimalis). Snook are essentially tropical fish and sensitive to cold-induced mortality. Spawning, possibly lunar-induced, occurs at and near tidal passes from late May through July. Eggs and 1arvae are transported to estuarine and brackish nursery areas by currents. Juveniles live in the upper reaches of the estuary, primarily in brackish streams, ditches, and tidal freshwater creeks. Snook are essentially nonmigratory, but do exhibit a residential range within the estuary and a net movement to the passes during the spawning season. Snook feed on fish and crustaceans. A closed season on snook exists between June 1 and July 31 and between January 1 and February 28. A possession limit of two fish and a minimum size limit of 18 inches have also been imposed. This judicious action has been imposed in an effort to promote recovery of a declining population. 

### 2.4.1.4 Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus). The sheepshead is a popular sport fish caught along piers, bridges and seawalls of the Tampa Bay area. It is considered an advanced member of the family Sparidae, which is a group of deep bodied perciform fishes that primarily have a tropical distribution. Spawning takes place from March to May along the sandy beaches in the early evening. Juveniles migrate to seagrass areas after hatching. Adult sheepshead generally inhabit areas of rocks, piling, and seawalls in the bays and usually school before spawning just offshore of the major bays. The chief foods for adults are hard mollusks and crustaceans (Mook 

### 1971). 2.4.1.5 Southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma). Spawning occurs offshore in fall and winter when adults migrate from estuarine and coastal nearshore waters. The buoyant eggs usually hatch within 2 days, and larvae move to inshore and estuarine nursery areas. During this time, the symmetric larvae undergo a metamorphosis in which the skull contorts and the right eye moves around to the left of the body. Juveniles typically inhabit shallow estuarine grass beds where they feed largely on marine worms, crustaceans, and fish. Adults are capable of protective coloration changes to blend with the surrounding bottom and feed almost exclusively on fish and crustaceans. The State has imposed an II-inch minimum size limit on flounders. 

### 2.4.1.6 Florida pompano (Trachinotus caro1inus). A lthough the exact spawning location is unknown, pompano are considered to spawn offshore, evidenced by the appearance of very early larval forms in offshore gulfwaters. The peak of an extended spawning season is from April through June. Rapidly growing juveniles prefer open beach areas where they forage for crustaceans and mollusks. Florida supplies nearly 90% of the U.S. population of pompano, which commands the highest price per pound of any fish in the Southern United States. Florida law prohibits the harvest ofpompano less than 9.5 inches long. 

### 2.4.1.7 Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus). Spawning occurs between October and January in offshore waters. Floating eggs typically hatch within 2 days, and the deve1oping p1anktonic 1arvae move into estuarine nursery areas where they remain until sexual maturity, approximately 2 to 3 years. Larvae and small juveniles feed on zooplankton, while juveniles and adults are 

### herbivorous, feeding on diatOOls, algae, and benthic detritus. With the 8exception of the seaward spawning migration in the fall, mullet remain in and are directly dependent on the estuary. 2.4.1.8 Gulfmenhaden (Brevoortia patronus). The gulf menhaden is abundant in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and commercial harvesting efforts are concentrated in that region. Spawning probably takes place in coastal inshore areas. Planktonic larvae are selective carnivores and migrate inshore and enter the estuarine nursery areas as juveniles. Juveniles develop a specialized gill raker-alimentary tract complex with which they feed by nonselective omnivorous filtering. Movement into and established residence in the estuary are an integral part of the menhaden life cycle. 2.4.1.9 Black drum (Pogonias cromis). Black drum, although not commercially important, are a popular fish among sports fishermen in Tampa Bay. Black drum use Tampa Bay as a nursery in the summer and fall. 2.4.2 Reef Fishes Groupers and snappers are important to both the recreational and commercial fisheries of the region. Generally, they spawn offshore over the Continenta1 Shelf. Pelagic 1arvae are transported great distances by oceanic currents. Upon their arrival at inshore, coastal, and estuarine nursery areas, juveniles seek cover and forage for fishes and crustaceans. Typically, as these fish develop, they move offshore. Although inhabitants of other areas, these fish generally seek out structures with some vertical relief, such as wrecks, artificial and coral reefs, rocky areas, holes, and ledges. Most groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites, beginning life as females and transforming into males at around age 5 to 7 years. The State of Florida imposes a 12-inch minimum size on groupers. 2.4.2.1 Red grouper (Epinephelus morio). Commonly offshore ofTampa Bay, the red grouper spawns in the spring over the Continenta1 Shelf. Juveniles develop in coastal areas and tend to move offshore with age. This is an economically important species in the Tampa Bay study area. 2.4.2.2 Jewfish (Epinephelus itajara). The jewfish is the largest of the groupers and can attain lengths in excess of 8 ft and weigh over 700 lb. Spawning happens in offshore waters during July and August. Juveni1es and young adults inhabit coastal and estuarine seagrass beds and mangroves. Although occasionally occurring inshore, marine jewfish tend to frequent offshore habitats. 2.4.2.3 Gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis). The gag and the red are the major groupers contributing to the commercial and recreational fishery. The gag is the most frequently caught inshore grouper on the peninsular gulf coast. Spawning is between January and March in the offshore waters of the Continental Shelf. Juveniles inhabit nearshore and estuarine nursery areas. Though found offshore, adult gag groupers also reside in nearshore habitats. 2.4.2.4 Scamp (Mycteroperca phenax). More common offshore, the adult scamp is not relatively abundant in coastal waters. Scamp spawn offshore

9

### during March and April. Adults are more common overhard, broken bottoms such as rockand coral. 2.4.2.5 Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus). Although the specific spawning location is not known, red snapper probably spawn in offshore waters of the Continental Shelf from lateJune until October. Larvae are transported ormove to coastal and estuarine waters. Juveniles prefer inshore areas ofmud or sand bottoms and exercise an offshore movement as a function of size. Primarily found offshore, adult red snapper are not harvested in coastal and nearshore waters, but are an economically important species in the region. 2.4.2.6 Mangrove snapper (Lutjanus griseus). Although occurring in offshore habitats, the mangrove snapper is the most common inshore snapper in the Tampa Bay study area. Adults are commonly found around structures, grassbeds, and mangroves in the estuary. However, spawning takes place offshore from April through October. Larvae are transported inshore, and juveniles are common in estuarine seagrass beds and mangrove-fringed shorelines. This species is also referred to as the gray snapper. 2.4.3 Coastal Pelagic Fishes The mackerels are fast-swimming, oceanic fishes that make extensive seasonal migrations. 2.4.3.1 King mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla). The king mackerel is one of the most economically important finfish, both commercially and recreationa11y, 1n Florida. Spawning occurs in waters over the Outer Continental Shelf and in adjacent offshore currents between May and September. Little is known of juvenile forms; most inshore collections have been incidental in shrimp trawls. Adults undertake mass migrations. Evidently there are several populations of kingfish in Florida, and there is some intermixing. The gulf stock is apparently composed mostly of fish which winter between Cape Canaveral and Key West. These fish move into the gulf in the spring, move north, and spend the summer in the northern gulf as far west as Texas. Areturn migration to southeast Florida is demonstrated during the fall and winter. Another population of king mackerel, which is present off the southeast coast of Florida in the spring, apparently moves down the Atlantic coast to spawn. Adults feed on small schooling jacks, menhaden and other schooling herring-like fish, shrimp, and squid. 2.4.3.2 Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus). The Spanish mackerel also supports a large recreational and commercial fishery in Florida. Whereas king mackerel are not commonly associated with nearshore areas, the Spanish mackerel frequently enters saline embayments during migration. Spanish mackerel spawn over the Inner Continental Shelf from May through September. Juvenile movements are poorly known, although they are captured inshore in shrimp trawls. Separate stocks are presumed for each coast of Florida. Fish wintering in Florida Bay migrate into the northeastern gulf in the spring and return by the fo11owing winter. Spanish mackerel feed heavily on menhaden and commonly eat anchovies, small jacks, squid, and shrimp. There is a 12-inch minimum size limit imposed by the State ofFlorida.
10

### 2.5 COLONIAL BIRD NESTING SITES Habitat diversity, mild winter climate, and geographic location allow Tampa Bay to support one of the richest assemblages of avifauna in the continental United States. The vast expanses of coastal mudflats, saline marsh, and the mangrove-sheltered embayments, as well as the marshes, wooded swamps, and cypress stands ofthe interiorprovide the forage areas and nesting substrate essential to the survival of vast populations of seabirds, shore birds, wading birds, and waterfowl which predominate in the region. Nesting colonies are depicted on the atlas by numbered symbols. Species composition of each colony is listed in Appendix D. Information pertaining to the following species was provided by the National Audubon Society, Florida Audubon Society, and Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida, Volume 2, Birds (Pritchard 1978). 2.5.1 Shore birds Shorebirds include gulls, terns, sandpipers, plovers, stilts, skimmers, and oystercatchers. Resident nesting species use coastal mudflats, saline and brackish marshes, sheltered embayments, and estuarine and coastal open water as forage areas. Nesting usually occurs on undisturbed beaches, islands, and sand spits where vegetation is sparse of absent. Tampa Bay is host to a wide variety of migrant and wintering shore birds including plovers, sandpipers, turnstones, yellowlegs, godwits, and avocets. Gulls and terns capture small fish by hovering and diving. 2.5.1.1 American oystercatcher (Hematopus palliatus). Resident populations are estimated at between 100 and 200 pairs. This local population is augmented by winter migrants from mid-At1

### anti c States each year. Noncolonial nesting occurs on islands in tidal bays on unvegetated sand or she11 well above the high water mark. Two or three eggs are usually 1

### aid. Oyster beds and mudflats are the primary forage areas where oystercatchers secure their diet ofmollusks and crustaceans. Tampa Bay appears to be an area of concentration for this species. The American oystercatcher is listed as a species of special concern by the FloridaGame and Fresh Water Fish Commission (FGFWFC). 2.5.1.2 Snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrius tenuirostris). The Cuban snowy plover is listed as an endangered species by the FGFWFC, and is currently
lI

### under reviewll 

### by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Conservative estimates place the gulf coast population at 100 pairs. Nesting habitat requirements are isolated, expansive, dry, sandy beaches where breeding takes place from April to June. Eggs, usually three, are laid in a shallow depression which is sometimes lined with shell fragments. Snowy plovers forage in search of insects, worms, mollusks, and crustaceans on dry and tidally influenced sand flats. No other bird species in Florida is so dependent on sandy beaches for nesting and foraging habitat. In general, site-specific nesting colony data are sparse for this species due to either the small numbers of individuals which constitute a colony or the transitory nature ofthe colony location. 2.5.1.3 Wilson's plover (Charadrius wilsonia). The Wilson's plover breeds sporadically from the Tampa Bay area southward through the Keys. 11

### (Sterna caspia). This uncommon tern nests on The first nesting pair was found in 1961 on a CiegaBay. In 1978, 30 nesting pairs were located Nesting habitat diversity ranges from interior marshes to dredged spoil islands. 2.5.1.4 Laughing gull (Larus articilla). The laughing gull is the most common breeding gull in the study area. Nests are on both natural and dredged material islands where low vegetation covers sandy soil. Typically one to three eggs are laid in late April and earlyMay, and young birds fledge by late August. The largest laughing gull nesting colony in Florida, composed ofabout 20,000 individuals, was on a dredged material island in Boca Ciega Bay (Tampa Bay) until it was recently destroyed for a condominium development. The largest current colony is on dredged material disposal islands in Hillsborough Bay (Paul 1984). 2.5.1.5 Least tern (Sterna albifrons). This easily disturbed species requires sandy, unvegetated nesting substrate such as sand spits, islands, dunes, and gravel-covered rooftops. Two eggs are usually laid in shallow scraps in the sand. Nesting begins in late April. The least tern is listed as a threatened species by the FGFWFC. It has recently been found breeding on new dredged material islands in Hillsborough Bay. 2.5.1.6 Royal tern (Sternamaxima). This uncommon tern nests periodically in small numbers in the study area and occasionally within colonies of laughing gulls. 2.5.1.7 Caspian tern sparsely vegetated islets. dredge spoil island in Boca in Hillsborough Bay. 2.5.1.8 Gull-billed tern (Gelochelidon nilotica). This relatively rare tern nests in low numbers with colonies of laughing gulls and black skimmers in the Tampa Bay area. 2.5.1.9 Black skimmer (Rynchops nigra). Black skimmers nest from May through August on bare or sparsely vegetatedbeaches, dunes, spits, or dredged spoil islands. 2.5.2 Wading Birds Vast expanses of coastal and interior wetland habitat support a great number of colonial nesting wading birds including herons, egrets, and ibises. The following wading bird descriptions were taken from Palik and Lewis (1984). 2.5.2.1 Great blue heron (Ardea herodius). The great blue heron begins nesting in early January in small numbers with other colonial waders, or in small specific colonies. Major forage areas consist of interior marshes, shallow areas of sheltered saline embayments, and inland bodies of water. Major prey are fi

### sh and crustaceans, although the diet may be augmented by small reptiles and mammals. The great blue heron is acommon breeding resident in the entire study area.

12

### 2.5.2.2 Little blue heron (Florida caerulea). The little blue heron inhabits fresh or brackish marshes. The nesting season begins in February and lasts through August or September. The average clutch size consists of three eggs. Little blue herons prefer freshwater and brackish habitats in which to forage for fish, crustaceans, insects, and small reptiles and amphibians. This species is listed by the state as a species of special concern. 2.5.2.3 Tricolored heron (Hydranassa tricolor). The tricolored heron is common in estuarine habitats where it forages for small fish and crustaceans. Typically the breeding season extends from March to July during which time three or four eggs are laid in mixed or single species colonies. The tricolored heron is listed as a species of special concern by the FGFWFC. 2.5.2.4 Green heron (Butorides striatus). This common species is typically a solitary nester but will sometimes nest in small numbers on the edge of other wading bird colonies. 2.5.2.5 Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax). Feeding occurs in all shallow water habitats, but breeding concentrations appear to be associated with estuarine habitats where nesting is usually in mangroves or Brazilian pepper trees (Schinus terebinthifolius). The species breeds from March to July, and clutch size ranges from two to five eggs. Adiet composed largely of fish may be supplemented by mollusks, crustaceans, and small reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. This is the most nocturnal foraging heron, often preying on nestlings of ibis and other herons. 2.5.2.6 Yellow-crowned night heron (Nyctanassa violacea). More diurnal in nature than the black-crowned night heron, the yellow-crowned night heron forages on coastal mudflats for fiddler crabs and other crustaceans which constitute a major portion of the diet. Typically forming small colonies with otheryellow-crowned night herons, this bird only occasionally nests with other waders. 2.5.2.7 Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). Since its first appearance in 1952, the cattle egret, an Old World species, has become the most abundant bird in mixed-species heronries in Florida. Although it occupies coastal colonies, it rarely forages in marine and estuarine areas. 2.5.2.8 Great egret (Casmerodius albus). The great egret uses a variety of forage habitats, from open pasture and interior impoundments to coastlines and saline marshes. The diet consists of fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, small mammals, and various invertebrates. The great egret exhibits a preference for more isolated heronries, where two to six eggs are laid per clutch from March through July. 2.5.2.9 Snowy egret (Egretta thula). Snowy egrets typically nest in mixed-species colonies. Although widely distributed in coastal as well as interior wetlands, larger breeding colonies appear near estuarine habitats. Eggs may be laid as early as December, although most nesting is between March and August. The snowy egret is an active predator, often running through shallow water or along the shoreline in pursuit of small fish. The diet is

13also supported by insects and crustaceans. The snowy egret is listed as a species of special concern by the FGFWFC. 2.5.2.10 Reddish egret (Dichromanassa rufescens). Primarily a coastal species, the reddish egret nests on mangrove is1ands and feeds by actively pursuing fish in the surrounding shallows. Nesting is initiated in April in Tampa Bay. Individual pairs may nest alone, or in small groups associated with mixed-species colonies. Clutch size ranges between two and five eggs. The reddish egret is listed as a species of special concern by the FGFWFC, and is currently lIunder reviewll with the USFWS. 2.3.2.11 White ibis (Eudocimus albus). This is an abundant species which flies and feeds in tight flocks. The diet consists largely of crayfish and other crustaceans, but the white ibisalso eats insects, mollusks, and small fish which are secured from shallowwater areas. The white ibis inhabits both freshwater and estuarine wetlands where it nests on islands, marshes, or in mangroves. 2.5.2.12 Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus). This species inhabits fresh, brackish, and saltwater wetlands, nesting colonially with other wading bird species. Major foraging areas are grasslands, prairies, and high marsh areas which are exposed to seasonal inundation by rainfall. Preferred food items include crayfish and other crustaceans, and insects. Typically three or four eggs are laid in the spring with breeding continuing through the summer. 2.5.2.13 Wood stork (Mycteria americana). The wood stork inhabits freshwater and brackish marshes, where it forms large rookeries, nesting primarily in cypress swamps and protected mangrove embayments. Breeding occurs from November through January with clutch sizes ranging from two to four eggs. Primary feeding areas are pools and depressions in marshes where small fish concentrate. Feeding is accomplished by tacto-location probing. This species is listed as endangered by both the FGFWFC and the USFWS. 2.5.2.14 Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga). Although the anhinga does nest in some coastal wading bird colonies and is mapped with this group of species, it is chiefly a resident of interior and brackish wetlands. Fish constitute the bulk ofthe diet and are pursued and captured underwater. 2.5.2.15 Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus). The doublecrested cormorant usually 1ays three or four eggs with most nesting in April through June; however, nesting has been reported throughout the year. Cormorants dive after and pursue prey underwater, returning to the surface to swallow the food item, usually fish. Double-crested cormorants nest often with colonial wading birds, and for this reason nesting sites are mapped under the heading ofwading bird colonies in this atlas. 2.5.3 Eastern brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis carolinensis) The eastern brown pelican is listed by FGFWFC as a species of special concern. Aerial surveys estimate the Florida breeding population to be around 8,000 pairs, of which approximately 50% are in the study area. Nesting occurs in mangroves (Rhizophoramangle, Avicennia germinans), usually on small coastal 

### 14

### islands, from early spring through summer. Two to three eggs are usually laid, and food availability determines fledgling success. The diet consists exclusively of fish, which are secured by plunge diving. Menhaden, mullet, sardines, and pinfish are the major prey. The high incidence of first year mortality (approximately 70%) 

### from starvation may be due to the inefficiency of the young to secure prey. 2.5.4 Other Migrant Bird Species Other' migrant species wintering throughout the study area inc1ude common loons (Gavia immer), white pelicans (Pe1ecanus erythrorhynchos), lesser scaups (Arythya affinis), r'uddy duck (Oxyura jamaicensis), red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator), and roseate spoonbi11s (Ajai a ajaja). Migrant bird populations reach their peak between November and January.
2.6 

### MANATEE HABITAT The location of all State manatee sanctuaries are shown on the individual biological resource maps and are administered by the Florida Marine Patrol, which is a branch of the Florida Department of Natural Resources. Detailed information on these sanctuaries can be found in the Boater's Guide to Manatees, the Gentle Giants (Florida Marine Patrol 1980). 

### The manatee is considered an endangered species by both the USFWS and the FGFWFC.
2.7 

### SEAGRASS BEDS Seagrass meadows have received much attention and are acknowledged to provide sediment stabilization, habitat diver'sity, nursery habitat for finfish and shellfish, and direct and indirect (detrital) food sources for many marine species. (Phillips 1960, 1978; 

### Taylor and Sa10man 1969; 

### Zieman 1982; 

### lewis et a1. 1982). 

### As a direct food source, seagrasses are consumed by sea urchins, a few fish species, the green turtle and the manatee (Zieman 1982). 

### As habitat, seagrass meadows are particularly important as nursery grounds for juveniles of pink shrimp, several species of grunts and snappers, snook, spotted seatrout, red drum, and sheepshead. The adult form of some of these species may be more commonly associated with other habitats (such as the association of snookwith mangroves), but the seagrass nursery habitat is probably vital in providing for adults to be available to commercial and recreational fisheries. Lewis et a1. (1984) 

### reported the occurrence offive species of seagrasses in Tampa Bay: 1. 

### Thalassia testudinum (turt1egrass) 2. Ha10dule wrightii (shoalgrass) 3. Syringodiurn fil

### iforme (manateegrass) 4. Ruppia maritima (widgeongrass) 5. Halophila engelmannii


### 15

### Lewis et ale 

### (1984) estimates that there are 

### 14,202 acres of seagrass in Tampa Bay. Seagrass beds are portrayed by a habitat screen on the individual biological resource maps. They were delineated from seagrass maps from Lewis 

### (1980) and from 

### 1982 colorphotography, ata 

### 1:24,000 scale.


### 2.8 MACROALGAE Several hundred macroalgae species are found within the Tampa Bay study region (Humm 

### 1973). Macroalgae are frequently the most conspicuous flora in shallowwaterand proliferate below depths tolerated by seagrasses. The Tampa Bay study area is the boundary area between tropical and temperate species of brown algae (McNulty et ale 

### 1972). Fifty-one percentof the rnacroalgae found in the study area are red algae (RhOdOPhfta), 

### 18% are brown algae (Phaeophyta), and 31% 

### are green algae (Chlorophyta (Humm 1973). 

### Unfortunately, the faunal assemblages associated with algal communities in the study area and their ecological roles as habitat and food sources are almost entirely unknown (Palik and Lewis 

### 1984). Ouring macroalgae blOOO1S, 

### the algae compete with seagrasses for 1ight. These blooms are causedby eutrophication in Tampa Bay.**~1acroalgae** 

### beds are notmapped on the atlas.


### 2.9 ARTIFICIAL REEFS The artificial reefs program of the State of Florida is administered by the Bureau of**t~arine** 

### Science and Technology under Section 370.013 

### of the Florida Statutes. Approximately $110,000 

### in grants were awarded in 1979 

### and 1980, 

### which were the first 2 years of the newly adopted program (Florida Department of Natural Resources 1981). 

### The principal types offish inhabiting artificial reefs in the study area's coastal waters are grouper, snapper, Spanish mackerel, king mackerel, and amberjack. Alist of artificial reefs keyed by number on the atlas overlays is shown in Table 1. 

### Florida's coastal waters contain more artificial reefs than any other state (Seaman 1982). 

### Scientific development and deployment ofartificial reefs have been slow, with little research and little funding. Without considerable volunteer effort to secure materials and free labor, many of the present artificial reefs in the Tampa Bay study area would not exist. The largest group of organizations which have put together an artificial reef program is in Pinellas County. The cities of Clearwater, Madeira Beach, St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg Beach, and Treasure Island and the Pinellas County Board of Commissioners have built 20 reefs, 10 

### of which are presently maintained by Pinellas County Mosquito Control. Its annual budget supports a small crew, barge rental, operating expenses, and equipment (Seaman 1982).


### 16

### Tab1

### e 1. Artificial reefs.
Number Distance

on Depth offshore map Composition Latitude Longitude (ft) (mi)

1 Concrete rubble, 27°47'11" 82°35 1

### 3JU 34-36 1.0 32-ft steel hull ships 2 Tires, metal junk, 27°47 1

### 0611 

### 82°50'02" 20-22 1.0 concrete rubble 3 Tires, metal junk, 27°47 1

### 00" 82°491

### 0811 

### 20-22 1.3 concrete rubble 4 Tires, clay pipes, 27°46'32" 82°35 1

### 48" 16 1.3 concrete rubble 5 Tires, clay pipes, 27°40 1

### 56" 82°381

### 01" 11 1.3 concrete rubble 6 Autos 27°39 1

### 1JU 82°35'2811 

### 25 2.1 7 

### Concrete pipe 27°36 1

### 00" 82°46 1

### 00" 9 0.4 8 Concrete, tires 27°31'4211 

### 82°381

### 42" 15 0.1 9 Concrete, tires 27°30'24" 82°35 1

### 0011 

### 12 0.1 10 Tires, broken 27°23 1

### 5111 

### 82°35'49" 12 1.0 concrete, sewer tile

Virtually all artificial reefs in Florida are composed of either ships, automobiles, tires, or concrete. New prefabricated artificial reefs are being introduced in Florida (off Fort Lauderdale, Panama City, and Jacksonville) by the Japanese under contract with the National Marine Fisheries Service.

17

### 3. WATER RESOURCES

3.1 SALINITY Salinities have been routinely measured in Tampa Bay since 1954. Since Tampa Bay is a stream-fed estuary, salinities are lowest at the time of maximum stream discharge (normally during the late summer and early fall) and highest at the time of minimum stream discharge (early winter). Historical salinities have ranged from 0.9 to 30.3 parts per thousand (ppt) in Old Tampa Bay (23.5 ppt mean), from 7.4 to 31.9 ppt in Hillsborough Bay (21.8 ppt mean), from 14.0 to 36.8 ppt in Tampa Bay (28.4 ppt mean), from 22.7 to 37.3 ppt in Boca Ciega Bay (32.6 ppt mean), from 1.0 to 33.7 ppt in the lower Manatee River (24.5 ppt mean), and 33.9 to 36.4 ppt in Sarasota Bay (35.4 ppt mean). These salinities are based on observations from 1954 to 1965 by Carl Saloman (McNulty et al. 1972). Specific conductivity has been measured in Tampa Bay since 1972 by the Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission (HCEPC). Salinity is still measured, but the continuity of its data record is not as good as the conductivity data. Specific conductivity or "electrical conductance" is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current. It is defined as the reciprocal of the resistance in ohms measured between opposite faces of a centimeter cube of an aqueous solution and is expressed in micromhos per centimeter**(~mhos/cm)** (Slack and Kaufman 1973). The relationship of salinity to specific conductivity is well defined, and salinity can be estimated accurately from conductivity data alone. The 1981 mean salinity for all 81 HCEPC water quality stations was 20.5 ppt; average conductivity was 32,200 jJmhos/cm. To convert conductivity (f.,lmhos/cm) to salinity (ppt), divide the conductivity data by 1, 570.

3.2 POINT SOURCE DISCHARGES 3.2.1 Industrial Point Source Discharges The Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) in Tallahassee keeps an updated computer data base on all industria1 point source discharges in the study area. Individual point source discharges are numbered and plotted on the individual atlas maps. Alist describing each individual point source is found in Table 2 (Florida Department of Environmental Regulation 1983a).



### 18

### Table 2. Industrial point source discharges (Florida Department of Environmental Regulation 1983a). Number on map Name Latitude DwnerLongitude ship Receiving body Capacity County Process or treatment
1

2 3
4 

### Amoco oil separator
Chevron USA 1,2,3 Del Monte Corp.
Fleet Transport Co. 27°56 1

### 00'1 82°27 1

### 0011 

### Private Sparkman Channel 27°57 1

### 3011 

### 82°32 1

### 3011 

### Private Tampa Bay 27°57 1

### 3011 

### 82°25'3011 

### Private Drainage ditch 27°56'27" 82°2612611 

### Private McKay Bay N/Aa Hills.
N/A Hills. N/A Hills.
80TGD Hi11s. Evap. perc. lagoon Unknown Surface drainage Tank truck wash N/A Hills.



### ..... 1.0 5 6 

### Gardinier, Inc. Gibsonton Speedwash 27°5113811 

### 82°23'27" Private Alafia River 27°51 113'1 

### 82°22'5911 

### Private Hillsborough Bay N/A Hills. Unknown Trickling filter,chlorination 7 IMC Port Sutton #1 27°54'1011 

### 82°241

### 2611 

### Private Port Sutton Canal 8 Nitram Chemical #1 27°54 1

### 4011 

### 82°23 1

### 5011 

### Private Delaney Creek 9 Ruskin Laundromat 27°43'1311 

### 82°25 1

### 5811 

### Private Little Manatee Rd. 10 Seaboard Coastline RR 27°57 1

### 2111 

### 82°23 1

### 4411 

### Private Palm River 11 

### TECD Big Bend 27°4714211 

### 82°241

### 1611 

### Private Tampa Bay coal runoff (continued) 864TGD Hills.
N/A Hi11s.
10TGD Hills.

N/A Hi11s. 33MGD Hi11s. IMC

- Port Sutton Unknown Trickling filter Unknown Unknowne

,"""". " r on Owftet- 'ling Process 01' map Name Lat tude tude ship hodv Can8citv County tl'eatment**._~_._----_.** 12 TECO Big Bend PI' vate Hil sDorouaD Hills. Unknown cooiingwater 13 TEeO Big Bend 27°47'37" 82°24'35" Private Hii lsborouQh Hi11s. Unknown slag 14 TECO Gannon 27°54'21" 82°25'21" Private Hi11 1268MGD Hi11 $. Unknown discharge 15 TECO Gannon 27°54'28" 82°25'24H Private Hi11sbOl'ough 

### N/A Hills. Unknown saltwater pond Bay
N 0 16 TECO Hookers Point 27°56'18" 82°26'35" Private Sparkman N/A Hi11s. Unknown Channel 17 

### TEeD Hookers Point 27°56 111" 82°26 135" Private Sparkman 

### N/A Hi

### ns. Unknown outfa11 Channel 18 W.R. Grace 27°54'10" 82°25 130" Private Port Sutton 

### N/A Hi11s. Unknown NH3 terminal Canal 19 AMAX Piney Point 27°37 13911 82°31 121" Private Bishop 

### N/A Manatee Unknown Harbor 

### 20 

### AMAXPineyPoint 27°37'39" 82°31 121" Private Bishop N/A Manatee Unknown Harbor 

### 21 AMAX Piney Point 

### 27°37 1

### 3911 

### 82°31'21" Private Piney Point 

### N/A Manatee Unknown (continued)

### Table 2 (continued)
Number on Owner- Receiving Process or map Name Latitude Longitude ship body Capacity County treatment
22 

### Beker Rock terminal 27°35 1

### 5911 

### 82°33'4]1' 

### Private Tampa Bay N/A Manatee Unknown 23 

### Nord Southern 27°30 1

### 5011 

### 82°33'2011 

### Private Manatee N/A Manatee Unknown River 24 

### Dixie Plating, Inc 27°48'4811 

### 82°40 1

### 3211 

### Private Joe1s Creek N/A Pinellas Unknown 25 

### Florida Power 27°51 1

### 4011 

### 82°36 1

### 0911 

### Private Tampa Bay N/A Pinellas Cooling Bartow discharge water co11ection 

### &storage N I-' 

### Florida Power 28°00 1

### 0411 

### 82°39 1

### 4511 

### Private Tampa Bay N/A Pine11as Cooling 26 

### Higgins discharge water discharge 27 

### Modern Plating Corp. 27°52 1

### 1511 

### 83°421

### 1511 

### Private Cross Bayou N/A Pinellas Rinse water Canal discharge 28 

### PSC Industries 27°49 1

### 0011 

### 82°41 1

### 3011 

### Private Joe1s Creek N/A Pinellas Unknown 29 

### Pinellas Industries 27°54

### 10311 

### 82°461

### 0911 

### Private Gulfof N/A Pinellas Unknown Mexico 30 

### Sand Key Condos 27°56 1

### 4011 

### 82°50 1

### 0811 

### Private Clearwater N/A Pinellas Unknown Harbor 31 

### MRI Corporation 27°52 1

### 3611 

### 82°21

### 11811 

### Private Six Mile N/A Hills. Unknown Creek (continued)

### Table 2 (concluded)
Number on Owner- Receiving Process or map Name Latitude Longitude ship body Capacity County treatment
32 TrademarkNitrogen 27°57'14" 82°20'5811 

### Private SixMile 300TGO Hi11s. Unknown Creek 33 Belcher oil/water 27°38 1

### 1911 

### 82°33 1

### 2811 

### Private TampaBay 

### N/A Manatee Unknown separator 

### 34 

## Amcon**Concrete~** 

## Inc. (56thSt., northof Private Ditch N/A 

## Hills. Unknown 

## HillsAve.) 35 Shell Oil Co. (Port of

### Tampa) 

### Private Tampa Bay 

## N/A Hi11

### s. 

### Oil/water
N 

### separation N 

### 36 Beker Plant outfall 27°30'00" 82°381

### 2011 

### Private Wingate N/A Manatee Unknown Creek 37 Tropicana 27°31 1

### 05" 82°321

### 0011 

### Private Robinson's N/A Manatee Aeration

### & Ditch sprayfield 38 Tropicana 27°31'05" 82°32'00" Private Manatee N/A Manatee Aeration

### & River sprayfield

aN/A

### =Not available.

### 3.2.2 Municipal PointSources Discharges The FDER keeps an updated computer data base on all industria1 

### point source discharges in the study area. Individual municipal point source discharges are numbered and plotted on the individual atlas maps. A list describing each individual point source is found in Table 3 (Florida Department ofEnvironmental Regulation 1983b). 3.2.3 Municipal Point Source Discharges Processing Hazardous Wastes All municipal point source discharges located in the study area process hazardous waste according to Moon (personal communication 1984). Hazardous waste includes any taxic substance which cauldpoison the environment if 

### not disposed of properly. Examples include petroleum products, pesticides, herbicides, nuclearwastes, andmost chemicals.
3.3 DREDGE SPOIL DISPOSALAREAS The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is the Federal agency responsible for all dredge and fill activity in the State. Apermitmust be obtained from the Corps before any dredge and fill activity will be allowed. The FDER is the State agency responsible for permitting all dredge spoil disposal sites in the State. They maintain location maps and site data on all dredge spoil disposal sites in the study area. Individual public orprivate dredge spoil sites have been plotted on the atlas overlays and represent all dredge spoi1 

### disposal sites permittedby the FDER.
3.4 TIDE STATIONS 3.4.1 Tide Station Locations The National Ocean Service (NOS) has collected tidal data at 104 station locations in the study area. The Clearwater and St. Petersburg Municpal Pier tide stations are the only permanent NOS tide stations in the study area. Individual sites at which data have been collected are numbered and plotted on the individual atlas overlays. Table 4 describes the station and its data record (NOS 1983). Tidal datamay be ordered from these stations from the following address: Tidal Acquisition National Ocean Service 6001 Executive Boulevard Rockville, MD 20852 Attn: N/OMS 121. 3.4.2 Tidal Datums The latest tidal datums for the permanentNOS tide stations located in Clearwater and St. Petersburg are listed in Table 5.
23Table 3. Municipal point source discharges (Florida Department of Environmental Regulations 1983b).

Number on**O",ner~** Receiving Process or map Name latitude longitude strip body C . a County treatment apaclty

1 Apo110 Beach 27°45'50" 82°24'31" County TampaBay I.OHGD Hills. Extendedaeration 2 BahiaBeach 27°43'45" 82°28'30" Private TampaBay lOOTGO Hills. Extended aeration 3 Bayshore Palms Apts. 27°52'00" 82°29'22"**~lunicipal** Hillsborough 10TGO Hi11s. Extended aeration Bay 4 City ofPalmetto 27°31'40" 82°35'40" Municipal TerraCeia 1.4MGD Manatee ExpandedBardenpho Bay process 5 Iidevue Estates 27°31'33" 82°31'47" County Drainage 

### IODTGO Manatee 

### AWT ditch
N 6 Aerosonics Corp. 27°58'54" 82°45'20" Private Anigator 7.5TGD Pinellas Extendedaeration ..l:>o Creek 7 Town ofBelleair 27°56'04" 82°48'03" Municipal Clearwater 900TGO Pinellas Activated slUdge 

### Harbor 

### &tertiary 8 BoulevardTP 27°57'45" 82°44'38" Private Tampa Bay 16.5TGD Pinellas Extended aeration 9 Clearwater

- East 27°57'32" 82°42'28" Municipal Tampa Bay 5.0MGO Pinellas Activated sludge 10 Clearwater

- 27°58'50" 82°47 113" Municipal Stevenson's 10.0MGD Pinellas Activated sludge Marshall St. Creek 11 Clearwater

- NE 28°01'15" 82°42'00" Municipal Tampa Bay 8.0MGD Pinellas Contact stabilization 12 Dyna-Flo Services 28°02105" 82°44'25" Private Curlew 1.OMGO Pinellas Extended aeration Creek
(continued)Table 3 (continued) Number on Owner- Receiving C . a Process or map Name Latitude Longitude ship body apaclty County treatment

13 Ft. DeSoto Park#1 (North beach) County TampaBay 30TGD Pinellas Extended aeration 14 Ft. DeSoto Park#2 (Fortarea) County TampaBay 12TGD Pinellas Extended aeration 15 Ft. DeSotaPark#3 (East area) County TampaBay 12TGD Pinellas Extended aeration 16 Ft. DeSota Park#4 (Camping area) County TampaBay 80TGD Pinellas Extendedaeration 17 Town ofIndian Shores 27°50'50" 82°50'5311 Municipal The Narrows 750TGD Pinellas Activated sludge 18 KakushaMHP 27°56'08" 82°47'5611 Private Clearwater 16.6TGD Pinellas Extended aeration Harbor

N 19 CityofLargo 27°54'2811 82°42'1611 Municipal Feather 15.0MGO Pinellas Unknown U1 Sound 20 McKay Creek 27°52'4011 82°51'0011 County BocaCiega 6.0MGD Pinellas Activated sludge Bay 21 City ofOldsmar 28°01'40" 82°39'3011 Municipal Mobbly Bay 1.ot1GD Pine11as Extendedaeration 22 RanchMobile 27°54'22" 82°43'56" Private Long Branch 150TGD Pinellas Trickling filter 23 South Cross Bayou 27°49'38" 82°44'30" County Joels Creek 28.5MGD Pinellas Contact stabilization 24 SouthGate Park 27°57'13" 82°43'55" Private TampaBay 50.0TGO Pinellas Trickling filter 25 Southern ComfortTP 27°59'20" 82°43'40" Private TampaBay 6.0TGO Pine11as Extendedaeration 26 City ofSt. Pete

- 27°45 15211 82°37 139" Municipal Tampa Bay 20.0MGD Pinellas Contact AlbertWhitted stabilization
(continued)

### Ie 3 (concl Number on Owner- Receiving Capacitl Process or map Name latitude longitude ship body County treatment 27 City ofSt. Pete-NW 27°47'40" 82°44'30" Municipal BocaCiega 20.0MGD Pinellas Activated sludge Bay 28 City ofSt. Pete-SW 27°43'05" 82°41'0911 Municipal TampaBay 20.0MGD Pinellas Tertiary 

### 29 

### Cityof

### St. Pete-NE (62ndAve.

## &16thSt. NE)Municipal TampaBay 16.0MGO Pinellas Activatedsludge
30 EastsideWaterCo 

### 27°59'16" 82°22'27" Private Harney 250TGD Hills. Trickling filter Canal 31 ProgressVi11age 27°52'36" 82°22'18" Private Archie's 260TGD Hills. Activated sludge Creek

N 32 RiverOaks 28°01 13711 82°34155" County Rocky Creek 4.6MGO Hills. Advancedwaste 0"1 treatment 33 CityofBradenton 27°27 132" 82°32136" Municipal Manatee 6.0MGD Manatee Contact River stabilization 34 Tillman Elementary (Palmetto) County Manatee 10TGO Manatee Extendedaeration School River 35 Dolomite Utilities 27°23 130" 82°32125" Private Whitaker 450TGD Sarasota Rotating Bayou biological contact 36 City ofTampa (Hookers Point) Municipal Hillsborough 55MGD Hills. Tertiary Bay

aMGD

# =million gal/day. TGD

# =thousand gal/day.

### Table 4. 

### National Ocean Service (NOS) tide station data (NOS 1983). 

### Number on Date Date map NOS 1.

### D. Station name Latitude Longitude insta11ed removed

1 2726247 

### Bradenton, Manatee 27°30.0' 82°34.4' 10/06/75 04/23/79 

### River 2 8726249 

### Palma SolaBay North 27°30.2' 82°38.9 1 

### 03/30/77 11/04/77 3 8726273 

### De Soto Point 27°31.41 

### 82°39.01 

### 03/30/77 10/27/77 4 8726282 

### AnnaMaria 27°32.01 

### 82°43.81 

### 03/24/76 10/04/76 5 8726311 

### Belville Point 27°33.8' 82°35.2' 03/28/77 10/25/77 6 8726318 

### Boots Point 27°34.1' 82°35.8' 03/28/77 10/25/77 7 8726319 

### Seabreeze Point 27°34.2' 82°34.2 03/28/77 10/25/77 8 8726347 

### Egmont Key 27°36.0' 82°45.6' 07/20/76 11/04/76 9 8726348 

### Two Bros. Island 27°35.8' 82°35.0' 04/07/77 04/19/79 10 8726353 

### Bishop Harbor 27°36.1' 82°33.2' 03/23/77 11/09/77 11 8726364 

### Mullet Key 27°36.9' 82°43.6' 03/24/76 04/06/77 12 8726367 

### Mullet Key Bayou 27°37.3' 82°43.6 1 

### 07/21/76 12/10/76 13 8726384 

### PortManatee 27°38.1' 82°33.6 1 

### 03/24/76 12/05/77 14 8726385 

### Mullet Key Bayou 27°38.8' 82°43.0' 06/03/76 11/04/76 15 8726425 

### Cockroach Bay 27°40.9 1 

### 82°30.2' 04/19/77 04/18/79 16 8726428 

### TierraVerde 27°41.3' 82°43.0' 06/22/76 11/04/76, 17 8726430 

### St. Peterburg Beach 27°41.0' 82°44.3' 06/24/76 11/01/76 18 8726436 

### Little Manatee River 27°42.3' 82°26.9 1 

### 01/13/77 04/25/79 19 8726437 

### Big Cockroach Mound 27°41.2' 82°31.3' 05/19/76 08/18/76 20 8726441 

### Pass-A-Grille Ch.East 27°41.5 1 

### 82°43.8' 03/24/76 10/12/76 21 8726442 

### Pass-A-Grille Ch., 27°41.41 

### 82°44.2' 10/13/49 08/18/52 

### B.C.B. 22 8726454 

### Point Pinellas 27°42.1' 82°38.4' 09/24/75 04/07/77 23 8726467 

### Marsh Branch, Ruskin 27°43.1' 82°27.21 

### 01/13/77 05/03/77 24 8726468 

### Shell Point 27°43.1' 82°28.81 

### 01/12/77 05/03/77 25 8726474 

### Little Bayou 27°43.6' 82°38.1' 08/19/76 01/04/77 26 8726479 

### BahiaBeach 27°43.8' 82°28.6' 01/13/77 05/04/77 27 8726485 

### Big Bayou 27°44.1 1 

### 82°38.3' 08/19/76 01/04/77 28 8726486 

### Gulfport 27°44.2' 82°42.41 

### 10/08/75 07/08/77 29 8726492 

### Mangrove Point 27°44.5' 82°28.0' 03/14/77 10/26/77 30 8726494 

### Long Key 27°45.1 1 

### 82°45.1 1 

### 06/04/76 11/05/76 31 8726505 

### Treasure Island 27°45.41 

### 82°45.6 1 

### 05/14/76 11/10/76 32 8726520 

### St. Petersburg 27°46.4' 82°37.3 1 

### 12/14/46 

### In Operation 33 8720521 

### St. Petersburg (B) 27°46.4' 82°37.3' 10/01/76 

### In Operation 34 8726533 

### Johns Pass 27°47.1 1 

### 82°49.9 1 

### 05/14/76 08/06/76 35 8726537 

### Apollo Beach 27°47.2 1 

### 82°25.6' 03/24/76 02/01/78 36 8726538 

### Jungle Estates 27°47.3' 82°45.3 1 

### 06/01/76 09/24/76 37 8726539 

### Newman Branch 27°47.0 1 

### 82°24.41 

### 03/08/77 10/08/77 38 8726557 

### Welch Causeway 27°48.4' 82°47.7 1 

### 08/01/51 01/30/52 39 8726562 

### Hillsborough Bay E. 27°48.41 

### 27°24.7 1 

### 03/09/77 10/06/77 40 8726568 

### Bay Pines, Long Bayou 27°48.9 1 

### 82°45.9' 06/01/76 09/24/76 41 8726571 

### Mermaid Point 27°49.2' 82°35.5 1 

### 08/18/76 01/04/77 

### (continued) 27Table4. (continued) Number on Date Date map NOS 1.D. Station name Latitude Longitude insta11ed removed
42 8726572 The Kitchen 27°49.2 1 82°23.2' 03/07/77 04/18/79 43 8726573 Gadsden Point 27°49.3 1 82°29.1' 11/05/75 01/06/76 44 8726574 Boca Ciega Bay 27°48.5' 82°47.7' 06/30/76 09/24/76 45 8726581 Sand Key 27°50.2' 82°50.2 1 03/25/76 08/10/76 46 8726587 Bullfrog Creek 27°50.2' 82°23.2 1 01/12/77 05/03/77 47 8726588 Long Bayou North 27°50.1' 82°46.4 1 06/01/76 09/24/76 48 8726589 Cross Bayou South 27°50.1 82°45.2 07/14/76 11/03/76 49 8726594 Bayou Grande North 27°50.6' 82°36.6' 08/17/76 01/07/77 50 8726601 Indian Rocks Beach 27°52.4 82°51.1' 11/25/72 01106/73 51 8726602 Gibsonton 27°50.6' 82°23.7 1 03/17/77 11/02/77 52 8726603 Rivera Bay 27°51.2' 82°37.3 1 08/17/76 01/07/77 53 8726604 Long Shoal 27°51.3' 82°28.8' 11/05/75 01/06/76 54 8726605 Tinney Creek 27051.1' 82°37.9' 08/18/76 01/18/77 55 8726606 The Narrows 27°51.5' 82°50.7 1 03/25/76 07/17/76 56 8726609 Alafia River 27°51.6' 82°23.0 1 12/07/76 05/02/77 57 8726612 Shug Harbor 27°51.7' 82°37.2 1 08/17/76 03/02/77 58 8726621 Port Tampa 27°52.0 1 82°23.3 1 09/17/76 02/09/77 59 8726623 Indian Rocks Pier 27°53.7 1 82°51.1' 04/27/76 11/09/76 60 8726625 Indian Rocks Beach 27°52.6' 82°51.0' 03/25/76 09/08/76 61 8726632 Arch;e Creek 27°52.9' 82°23.8' 12/09/76 05/02/77 62 8726639 Tampa, Ballast Point 27°53.4 1 82°28.8' 10/30/75 04/25/79 63 8726641 Gandy Bridge 27°53.6 1 82°32.3' 10/01/75 07/07/77 64 8126643 Anona 27°53.2 1 82°50.4' 03/30/76 08/09/76 65 8726648 Frankland Bridge 27°53.7' 82°38.3' 08/25/76 01/06/77 66 8726651 Pendola Point 27°54.0' 82°25.4 1 02/23/77 08/03/77 67 8726657 Dan's Island 27°54.5' 82°27.1 1 11/30/76 04/07/77 68 8726661 Tampa, KnightAP 27°27.0 1 82°27.0 1 01122/47 03/24/48 69 8726662 Cross Bayou Canal 27°54.8' 82°41.9' 10/22/75 01/09/76 70 8726666 Belleair 27°55.1' 82°49.6' 03.25/76 08/09/76 71 8726667 McKay Bay 27°54.9' 82°25.4' 03/24/76 04/07/77 72 8"126668 Tampa, Hookers Pt. 27°55.1 1 82°26.7' 11/30/76 04/16/79 73 8"126685 22 St. Causeway 27°56.3 1 82°25.9' 01/14/77 01/18/78 74 8726686 Belleair Beach 

### 27°56.1' 82°50.4' 03/25/76 06/29/76 75 8726687 Allen Creek 27°56.2' 82°43.8 1 08/26/76 01/11/77 76 8726688 Seddon Island 27°56.0' 82°26.8' 11/30/76 03/29/79 77 8726689 Bay Arist. Village 27°56.5 1 82°43.2' 10/30/75 07/06/77 78 8726692 Tampa, Seddon Is. 

### 27°56.4' 82°27.0 1 04/01/26 06/30/26 79 8"126693 Hi11s. River Inlet 27°56.8' 82°27.7 1 10/29/76 03/03/77 80 8"126696 Palm River fnt. 27°56.8 1 82°24.1' 12/06/76 04/06/77 81 8"126699 Palm River, FL 

### 27°56.9' 82°23.1' 12/06/76 04/06/77 82 8726706 Clearwater 27°57.3 1 82°48.41 10/07/75 12/06/77 83 8726707 Bayview 

### 27°57.4' 82°42.7 1 03/18/58 OS/26/58 84 8726711 West Tampa 27°57.6' 82°28.1 1 10/29/76 02/09/77 (continued) 28

### Table 4. (concluded) Number on Date Date map NOS 1.

### D. Station name Latitude Longitude installed removed
85 8726714 Rocky Point 27°57.9 1 

### 82°33.9 1 

### 10/15/76 03/03/77 86 8726721 Courtney Campbell 27°58.2 1 

### 82°37.5' 06/09/47 09/17/47 87 8726724 Clearwater Beach 27°58.6 1 

### 82°49.9 1 

### 04/19/73 01/12/81 88 8726725 Clearwater Bay 27°58.5 1 

### 82°48.1' 10/16/75 12/10/75 89 8726726 Clearwater Beach (B) 27°58.6 1 

### 82°49.9 1 

### 10/01/76 In Operation 90 8726727 SweetWater Creek 27°58.7 1 

### 82°33.7' 09/28/76 03/02/77 91 8726737 Rocky Creek Ent. 27°59.3 1 

### 82°35.8 1 

### 11/18/76 05/02/77 92 8726738 Safety Harbor 27°59.3' 82°41.1' 12/19/75 12/06/77 93 8726739 Dick Creek 27°59.3' 82°36.5' 02/10/77 08/01/77 94 8726748 Rocky Creek 27°59.8 1 

### 82°35.3 1 

### 09/27/76 04/05/77 95 8726768 Double Branch 28°01.7' 82°38.0 1 

### 09/30/76 02/08/77 96 8726769 Mobbly Bayou 28°01.3' 82°39.3 1 

### 10/18/76 04/18/77 97 8726778 Oldsmar 28°02.1 1 

### 82°40.7 1 

### 09/28/76 02/08/77 98 8726789 Possum Branch 28°02.3' 82°41.9' 11/11/76 04/05/77 99 8726759 Double Branch Bay 28°00.3 1 

### 82°37.2 1 

### 02/08/77 08/01/77 100 8726614 Alafia River North 27°52.2' 82°19.7 1 

### 12/09/76 05/02/77 101 8726278 Redfish Point 27°31.6' 82°28.9' 03/24/77 10/20/77 102 8726277 Fort Hamer 27°31.5' 82°25.8' 03/24/77 04/16/79 103 8726238 Braden Point 27°29.2' 82°30.3' 04/04/77 10/26/77 104 8726159 Whitfield Estates 27°24.5' 82°34.8' 04/25/77 11/09/77

Table 5. National Ocean Service (NOS) 1983 tidal datums for the NOS Clearwater and St. Petersburg, Florida, tide stations (NOS personal communication 1984)

. Parameter
Mean higher high water Mean high water Mean tide level Mean lowwater Mean lower lowwater

29 

### Clearwater St. Petersburg
2.10 ft. 

### 2.24 ft 1.80 ft 1.96 ft 0.90 ft. 1.17 ft 

### 0.00 ft 

### 0.39 ft 

### -0.50 ft 

### 0.00 ft3.5 WATER QUALITY The Hillsborough County Environmenta1 Protection Commission has collected monthly water quality data from approximately 81 sampling stations in the study area since 1972. The data from these stations were used exclusively to generate the 5-year seasonally averaged water quality parameter means presented in this atlas. Most of the problems with water quality in Tampa Bay are found in Hillsborough Bay where high fecal coliform, phosphorus, chlorophyll, turbidity, and low dissolved oxygen persist. The north prong of the Alafia River exhibits the worst water quality problem found in the Alafia River Basin. High nutrient levels, as well as low dissolved oxygen, can probably be attributed to phosphate mining activities in this watershed. The Little Manatee River has high phosphorus and fecal coliform levels which probably result from agricultural and rangeland activities in the region. The Manatee River exhibits no major water quality problems. 3.5.1 Methodology For the purposes of this study, the fo11ow;ng five water quality parameters have been seasonally averaged for the most recent 5-year data period available (September 1978 through August 1983): 1. Total chlorophyll**(~g/l)** 2. Specific conductivity (middepth;**~mhos/cm)** 3. Turbidity (NTU) 4. Temperature (middepth; °C) 5. Total nitrogen (mg/l) The locations of all the sampling stations averaged by season for this study are numbered and plotted on the individual atlas maps. The seasonal averages by water quality parameter for each station are 1isted in Appendix A and are listed by station on the supplemental map legend. For purposes of this study, winter is composed of the months of December, January, and February; spring is March, April, and May; summer is June, July, and August and fall is September, October, and November. 3.5.2 Total Chlorophyll Total chlorophyll is an indirect measure of the quantity of planktonic algae present in a body ofwater and as such is an indicator of eutrophication. It is measured in micro-grams per liter (lJg/l). Total chlorophyll varies seasonally and is highest in the summer and lowest in the winter. A complete isopleth map of the 5-year annual mean for total chlorophyll is shown in Figure 3. Most of the water quality problems associated with high total chlorophyll levels are in Hillsborough Bay. Alesser area of high chlorophyll levels is in extreme western Old Tampa Bay. High chlorophyll levels are associated with algal blooms. One type of algae, the dinoflagellate species, Ptychodiscus brevis, is a toxic red-tide organism which has plagued Tampa Bay for many years. In 1971, Tampa Bay experienced a major red-tide 30GULF

OF

MEXICO CLEARWATER

# ~cFc:!J

# fA~C>.**~20** 20 • 

## 0°.

o 15

Figure 3. Isopleth map of mean annual total chlorophyll (l-Ig/1) for Tampa Bay; 5-year mean, Sept. 1978

- Aug. 1983 (data from Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission 1983).

31outbreak which was responsible for the death of millions of fish throughout the bay. Another lesser outbreak was in 1974. Minor outbreaks were in 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, and 1983 with no significant fish kills (Wilkins 1983). 3.5.3 Specific Conductivity Specific conductivity is a measure of the ability of water to conduct an electrical current. It is measured in micromhos per centimeter**(~mhos/cm)** at standard temperature (25°C) and pressure (760 mm/Hg) (Slack and Kaufman 1973). Specific conductivity is easily determined by a field meter, and it is a good indicator of salinity. Specific conductivity levels vary seasonally and correlate well with stream discharge. During the late summer and early fall, when stream discharge normally is at its annual maximum, conductivity levels normally reach their annual minimum as freshwater discharge mixes with bay waters. During the early winter when stream discharge usually reaches its annual minimum conductivity levels are normally at their highest annual levels (see Figure 4). Minimum bay conductivity levels are always at times of maximum streamflow. Maximum conductivity levels are at the end of sustained low-flow periods. Maximum and minimum conductivity levels are usually about two months apart. Conductivity levels are lowest in the upper reaches of Tampa Bay nearest the freshwater discharge sources and progressively increase, reaching their greatest levels near the mouth ofTampa Bay (see Figure 5). Conductivity values on the maps are in mmhos/cm. The values in the supplemental legend should be in**~mhos/cm** and are mislabeled on the maps. To convert conductivity (mmhos/cm) to salinity (ppt), divide the conductivity data by 1.57. 3.5.4 Turbidity Turbidity is an expression of the optical quality of a water sample to scatter and absorb light rather than transmit light in straight lines. It is measured in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU's). High turbidity levels are not always associated with poor water quality. Rather, they reflect the material held in suspension in the water column. High-turbidity levels may be associated with algal blooms, dredging activities, or with suspended solids associated with high wind-driven waves in shallow areas of the bay. The highest turbidity levels found in Tampa Bay are located in Hillsborough Bay, extreme western Old Tampa Bay, and at the mouth of the Little Manatee River. These three areas all exhibit moderate to heavy algal blooms primarily during the spring months. In Tampa Bay as a whole, turbidity varies seasonally, reaching a peak in the spring and its lowest point during the winter. Acomplete isopleth map ofmean annual turbidity levels for Tampa Bay for the past 5years is shown is Figure 6. 3.5.5 Temperature Water temperature is cyclic in Tampa Bay and is measured in either degrees 

### 322000
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### JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MONTH Hillsborough River (Tampa) Alafia River (Lithia) Little Manatee River (Wimauma) Manatee River (Bradenton) Figure 4. Mean monthly stream discharge (1952-1966) for four major rivers discharging into Tampa Bay; 5-yearmean, Sept. 1978

- Aug. 1983 (data from McNulty et al. 1972).

33CLEARWATER

GULF

OF
MEXICO



### o

Figure 5. Isopleth map of annual specific conductivity (mmhos/cm) for Tampa Bay; 5-year mean, Sept. 1978

- Aug. 1983 (data from Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission 1983).

34CLEARWATER

GULF

OF
MEXICO

o



### Figure 6. Isopleth map of annual turbidity (NTU's) for Tampa Bay; 5-year mean, Sept. 1978

- Aug. 1983 (data from Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission 1983).

35

### Fahrenheit (oF) 

### or in degrees Celsius (OC). A 16-year mean monthly plot of watertemperature for the NOS tide station at the St. Petersburg Municipal Pier is shown in Figure 7. Themaximum observed surfacewater temperature was 90.1 of 

### (32.2 °C), and the minimumobservedwatertemperature was 52.3 of 

### (11.3 °C). Fish kills often result from rapidtemperature decreases associatedwith sudden prolonged occurrences of Arctic air masses during the late fall or early winter. During these periods, the watertemperature will often drop below the above-listed minimum in shallowwater areas. Amassive fish kill in January of 1977 was associatedwith record low bay water temperatures. An isopleth map of mean annual middepth water temperature for Tampa Bay is shown in Figure 8. 3.5.6 Total Nitrogen Total nitrogen is the sum of all the nitrogen compounds found in awater sample and is measured in milligrams per liter (mg/l). The highest concentrations of total nitrogen are found in Hillsborough Bay. The principal sources oftotal nitrogen are urban runoff, agricultural runoff, industrial and domestic waste, and rainfall. Maximum nitrogen levels occur in the late summer and early fall and minimum levels in the late fall. An isopleth map ofmean annual total nitrogen levels in TampaBay is shown in Figure 9. 3.5.7 Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission WaterQuality Stations Hillsborough County operates 81 water quality sampling stations with a period of record of greater than 5years. Sixty-five ofthese stations are in the study area and are mapped on the atlas maps.
3.6 BATHYMETRY Tampa Bay is a drowned river valley. An old submerged Pleistocene river delta is located west of Mullet Key. The Hillsborough River became an entrenched stream during this earlier sea-level stand, and portions of this entrenchment are still reflected in the bathymetry south of the interbay Peninsula and north ofEgmont (see Figure 10). Most of the bottom features in Tampa Bay represent surficia1 

### sand wave deposits. Major concentrations of hard rock outcroppings are south of the interbay Peninsula where submarine limestone cliffs line an old Pleistocene entrenched stream bed under Gandy Bridge and offshore from Bishop·s Harbor and Rattlesnake Key. Three main submarine physiographic regions are located in the Tampa Bay complex. They are shallow marine grass and sand flats with average depths of approximately 4 ft, slopes adjacent to the flats ranging in depth from 4to 20 ft, and deep tidal channels greater than 20 ft deep. Twenty percentofthe bay complex is less than 6ft inwaterdepth. Fifty percentofthe bay bottom lies between 6 and 18 ft, and 30% is greater then 18 ft deep (Goodell and Gorsline 1961). The average depth of the Tampa Bay complex is 11.4 ft (McNulty et al. 3695

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### FEB**~iAR** 

### APR NAY JUN JUL AUG 

### SEP OCT NOV DEC 

### MONTH Maximum monthly temperature

......................... 

### Mean monthly temperature Minimum monthly temperature

- 

### - 

## -- Figure 7. Monthly water temperatures for St. Petersburg, Florida, 1947

- 1962 (McNulty et al. 1972).

37I Itlll!'!' H**J~,(lpldll** 01,11.1 of <llllllldl mltj(lpplll water' temperature (OC) lor lampa Bay,**~-Yl'ar** mean, Sept. 1918

- Auy. 1983 (data from IIi1hlH)!'ougll County [ovln)nmenlal flr'otection Commission 1983).

38CLEARWATER

GULF

OF

MEXICO



### o

Figure 9. Isopleth map of annual total nitrogen (mg/l) for Tampa Bay; 5-year mean, Sept. 1978

- Aug. 1983 (data from Hi11sborough County Environmental Protection Commission 1983).

39CLEARWATER TAMPA

Figure 10. Example of a bathymetric map ofTampa Bay.(1:250,000 scale); 2-m contour interval (NOS 1976).



### 40

### 1972). The total surface area at mean high water is 346.0 mi2 

### (Lewis and Whitman 1954). A2.0-m bathymetric contour interval is used on the individual atlas maps with an initial l.O-m supplemental contour line used to denote shoals. The bathymetry was compiled by the author and represents an update on the 1976 NOS map for the region. Boca Ciega Bay lies just north of the Tampa Bay complex and represents a small, shallow lagoon behind the coastal barrier islands. Its average water depth is only 6.6 ft 

### (mhw) (McNulty et a1. 1972). Immediatelyto the north of Boca Ciega Bay lies St. Joseph1s Sound, which is another small, shallow lagoon behind the coastal barrier islands. Its average water depth is 4.9 ft (mhw) (McNulty et al. 1972). SarasotaBay lies just south ofthe mouth ofTampaBay. It is a small, shallow lagoon lyingbehindthe coastal barrier islands with an average water depth of5.5 ft (mhw) (McNulty etal. 1972).
3.7 INTERTIDALZONE The intertidal zone is a region of saltwater marshes and tidal flats that surround Tampa Bay. It is demarcatedon the individual atlas overlaymaps and was determined from the latestNOS nautical charts for the region. The intertidal zone is a important buffer zone for marine organisms and biota in Tampa Bay.
3.8 SEDIMENTS During the early Holocene, Tampa Baywas adrowned river valleywith very little sediment accumulation and an average depth of 30 ft. Sediment accumulation since that time has reduced the average depth ofTampaBayof 11.4 ft (McNulty et al. 1971). The Tampa Bay complex is composed ofanumber ofinterconnected bays. The three principal bays whichmake up the /IylI

### -shapedbay complex are OldTampaBay to the northwest, Hi11

### sborough Bay to the northeast, and Tampa Bay to the south. The sediments in the Tampa Bay complex are uniform in character. They are generally composed of reworked terrace quartz and nearshore sand and biogenic carbonate detritus. The mean size ofthe sediments increases from the upperto the lower reaches of the bay complex. Organic sediments and clays are prominent, primarilyin the upper portions of Hillsborough Bay and in other isolatedportions ofthe bay complex (Goodell and Gorsline 1961). The coastal littoral drift of sand is to the south inBocaCiegaBay and to the north, south of the mouth ofTampa Bay. North ofTampa Bay, offshore shoa1

### ing is occurring to the southwest of the major passes. South of Tampa Bay, shoaling and accretion are taking place to the northwest of the major passes (Goodell andGorsline 1961). 41

# L In the sand and grass flats which make up about 15% of the Tampa Bay complex the sediments are almost entirely quartz sand. The sediments along the**slo~e** environments, which make up more than 60% ofTampa Bay, are composed primarily of coarse sand and mollusk shell fragments. The channel sedim:nts are composed almost entirely of very coarse sand and mullusk shell detrltus (Goodell and Gorsline 1961). A small-sca1e version of the generalized sediment zones included on the individual atlas maps is shown in Figure 11. The generalized sediment zones portrayed on the i·ndividual atlas maps were adapted from Taylor and Saloman (1969). The six major sediment types listed are portrayed by a series of graphic screens. 3.9 TIDAL CURRENTS Tidal exchange is the major flushing agent in the Tampa Bay complex. River discharge, rainwater runoff, and sewage effluent discharge also contribute to localized flushing. Daily tides in Tampa Bay are primarily semidiurnal (two high tides and two low tides). Tides follow the moon more closely than the sun, and each lunaror tidal day is about 50 min longer than the solar day. On certain days of the month, the tide becomes diurnal, and only one high and low tide occur during the period of a lunar day. Changes in wind and barometric pressure fluctuations cause variations in sea 1eve1 from day to day. Strong southwesterly winds associated with low barometric pressure cause tide levels to increase above normal. Strong northeasterly winds, associated with high pressure, cause tide levels to decrease below normal. Monthly mean sea level exhibits an annual cyclic pattern (see Figure 12). During February, sea level reaches its average annual minimum of 4.02 ft. During September, sea level reaches its average annual maximum of4.67 ft. The numerical values of each tide height are referenced to the level of the primary bench mark for the St. Petersburg Municipal Pier NOS tide station (Hicks etal. 1983). Sea 1eve1 has been increasing slowly in Tampa Bay. The average increase in sea level in Tampa Bay is approximately 0.2 ft in a 34-year period or about 0.005 ft/yr (Hicks et al. 1983). A34-year plot of the annual yearly means of ' sea level for the St. Petersburg Municipal Pier NOS tide station is shown in Figure 13. This trend in increasing sea level has been experienced at mostNOS tide stations in the United States. Sea level has been increasing in San Francisco since 1855, when tidal records first began. National Ocean Service has**fo~nd** that sea levels hav: been increasing 0.009 ft/year in the northeast**Atl~n~lc** coast, 0.005**ft/ye~r** ln the gulf coast, 0.003 ft/year in the southwest Paclflc coast, and decreaslng 0.001 ft/year in the Pacific Northwest coast. The overall U.S. trend is for sea level to increase 0.004 ft/year (Hicks et al. 1983). Because of camp1ex meteoro1ogica1 and oceanic interactions future sea-level changes are not easily predicted. ' Tidal currents result. from**wat~r** moving into Tampa Bay during flood tide and out of the bay dunng ebb tlde. Slack tide occurs during periods of 42MEXICO


# [2] SAND 

# o SHELLY SAND 

# [2] SILTY SAND

CLAVEY SAND 

# o SANDY CLAY 

# o SILT 

### Figure 11. Generalized sediment map ofthe TampaBay area (adapted from Taylor and Saloman 1969). 434.7

4.6

4.5

4- 4.4

roo :J: 4.3



### ..... l.LJ :J: 4.2

4.1

4.0 

# V\ 

# V 

# 1\ / \ 

# V 1\ 

# / 

# \ V 

# , 

# / 

# 1\ / 

# V 

# \ V 

# J JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC**~IO** NTH Figure 12. Mean monthly St. Petersburg mean sea level, 1947

- 1980 (Hicks et al. 1983).

4.6
4.5

-I..l 4.4 4- 4.3 roo :J: (.!) 4.2 .- t.LJ :::c 4.1 4.0 195) 1955 1%0 1%5 

### YEAR 1970 1975 1980
Figure 13. Mean annual St. Petersburg mean sea level, 1947

- 1980 (Hicks et al. 1983). 

### 44reduced currents between flood and ebb tides. Residua1 tida1 currents are produced by interactions between tida1 currents and the bay bottom configuration. Residual currents create long-term water circulation patterns that control or significantly effect the distribution of dissolved and suspended constituents. Flood, ebb, and circulation patterns computed using a hydrodynamic model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey are shown in Figures 14,15, and 16 (Goodwin 1984). Figure 15 depicts about 20 large and small circulation features (gyres) within Tampa Bay that are thought to control the rate of constituent flushing. Residual tidal currents from this model are plotted on the individual 1:24,000-scale atlas maps. A detailed model study of computed particle dispersion done at the University of South Florida indicates that it takes 6 months to affect a 90% reduction in release particles within Tampa Bay. Particles dispersed in northern Old Tampa Bay may take as long as 20 months to be flushed from the bay (Wilkins 1983). The resultant flows from the U.S. Geological Survey hydrodynamic model are plotted on the individual 1:24,000-scale atlas maps.
3.10 FRESHWATER-SALTWATER INTERFACE Increased ground-water withdrawals from industrial, agricultural, and municipal ground water production fields have lowered the potentiometric surface (the level to which water will rise in a tightly cased well) in the Floridan aquifer. The Floridan aquifer is the principal ground-water source in the Tampa Bay study area. Since freshwater is less dense than saltwater, freshwater from the Floridan aquifer floats on a saltwater wedge which underlies the Florida peninsula. In coastal portions of the Tampa Bay region, chloride concentrations range from less than 25 mg/l to 19,000 mg/l, forming a diffuse transition zone between saltwater and freshwater. Chloride (salt) ions are deposited from seawater moving inland from the neighboring Gulf of Mexico. Potential for saltwater intrusion is the greatest in the late spring (May). Water table levels and the potentiometric surface reach their annual lowest levels at this time, and the potential for saltwalter intrusion is greatest (Causseaux and Fretwell 1982). For the purposes of this report, the 250 mg/l ch1oride concentration isopleth (line of equal chloride concentration) has been used to depict the 1979 position of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the Floridan aquifer on the individual atlas maps. Asmaller scale version ofthis map is included in Figure 17.



### 45OF

MEXICO CLEARWATER

Figure 14. Typica1 flood tide current flow in Tampa Bay (adapted from Goodwin 1984).



### 46GULF

OF

MEXICO CLEARWATER

'lI "1 OLD TAMPA LARGO**~)f**

Figure 15. Typical ebb tide current flow in Tampa Bay (adapted from Goodwin1984).

47GULF

OF

MEXICO CLEARWATER

Figure 16. Resultant current flow for one tidal cycle in Tampa Bay (adapted from Goodwin 1984).



### 48GULF

OF

MEXICO

Figure 17. Generalized position of the freshwater-saltwater interface in the upper portion of the Floridan aquifer across the Tampa Bay area (1979); 250 mg/l-chloride concentration isopleth, or contour line (Causseaux and Fretwell 1982).

49

### 4. APPENDIXES


### 4.1 APPENDIXA - TAMPABAYWATER QUALITY STATIONS (5-YR SEASONMEANS), PLOTTED FORTHEATLAS MAPS.

STATION

### *.1-

STATION 

### 1.1-

PARMETER SPRING (3-5 SUMK:R (6-8 FAlL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAl (1-12)

IIAL fLL \lJq/1 '+1 .::1 ::JJ.1 41.1 '+'+.u .b.b NOU TI

### rr IJIlIhos) 36.700 36.967 34.600 41.283 3 .388 I I 5)**~.~** b.l: .1 .b .b



## ...... 

# ,...) 

### a.4**~~** .1 "to':J.1 11.u**~.j.b** TOTAL NITROGEN (mgtl) 1.29 1.21 1.17 0.82 1.12 STATION ,

### J!...

50STATION'

### _!!.**PARA~ETER** SPRING t3-!>I**SUM~'ER** 16-B fALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL (1-12)**""UTACl..trmROPHYLC1~g/1**) qt.."**tl~** .L 3tl.1 18.1 38.U C**t~** ) 1 Y(umhOS) 39,133 39,383 '-"3b,633 43,63 39,696 I IK J. INIU 51 ,"0 ij.1I 0.4 I.U , .t. I**.~** JHI I**-~}** d:l•., 29.11 2.'.0**Ib.~** t.J.t. TOTIll. N lllHlGEN (mg/!l 1."HI A.**A~,** 1.32 

### o.tn 1.17 STATION 113

51PARAfoETER SPRING (3-5 SUMfoER (6-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL (1-13) IUIIU. ItJQ/I t4+.O**"lj.~** to.ts H.b tJ.0 CONDUCTIVIT f.Illhos) 47,333 44,044 41,633 47,958 45,242 _IUKIHUIIJ IIIT 51 .1 4.b 3.l:S J.t 4.t I**'~I** 

# "".ts**"!:I.~** ttl.4 lb.7 tJ.b TOTAL NITROGEN {mgtl} 0.53 0.65 0.76 0.51 0.61

STATION #33 LAT. 2]049'14° LONG. 82°34'15°

PARAfoETER SPRING 3-5 SUMftER (6-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2) ANNUAL (1-13I TnIAL .HI ,

## .... ltJg/I ZI. 4".U JU.4 tI.u Jl./**[)NDU~T** l''1 y lJmhOSI 40,S;13 39.664 37,900 43,200 4U.399

III<:K I INT 5) 4.U 4.l Z.!:I t.4 J.4 

# ,,,' ,,1./ Z!:I.l l4.l:S**l~ .~**  tt.ts TOTAl NITROGEN (mgtl) U.63 U.7l 0.84 0.46 0.66 STATION 138 LAT. 27°52'54" LONG. 82°34'40°



### 52STATION #46 LAT. 2r59'22- LONG. 82°39'298 PARAt'ETER SPRING (3-5 SUMfoER (6-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER 112-2 ANNUAl 1-12) IOTAL 1.11 \\.19/1 22.0 31.Z Jl.b 11.3 l!)•

...ONDUCTIVITY (umhos) 36,617 34,109 32;Tl:l3 33,400 35.4r7

URBIDITY (NTlJ s) 6.4 s.!)**~.2-** J.U 5.8 \**.~)** 

### a.o 29.0 24.9 14.7 22.b TOTAl NITROGEN (mg/l) 0.70 L03 l.u4 0.71 0.87

PARMETER SPRING (3-5 SUMR

### To-a FALL (9-11) WINTER 112-2 ANNUAL (1-12) rAI (UQ/I ZU .j -2.9.0 29.2 15.B L3.6 NO LvI Y [umhos) 39,933 38.489 36,800 42,033 39,314 IK IT INT s) J.3 J.9 2.B 2.U J.U IUKI ( 'C) 22.2 29.1 Z!).1 -T5.5 23.2 AL NTRIlGEN (mg/I) 0.69 0.83 0.71 0:5if 0.69 STATION #51 LAT. 2]053'308 LONG. 82°32'358



### 53STATION 152 PARAI'£TER SPRING (3-5 SUMr-ER (6-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL (1-12) IUIAL nu I (J.lg/l 4b.1i 'W.J -'!:S.4**J~** .J**4~.~** CONDUCTIVITY J.lmhos) 38,125 38,183 37,067 40,817 38,548 IUUHUJ.I' (NT S)**11.~** 4.9 4.1 4.b**b.~** II'

....1'114111111' \ .", 22.1i -'U.U**2b.~** 1/.1i 24.3 TO AL NITROGEN (mg/l) 1.15 0.97 1.19 U.86 1.04 STATION 154

STATION #58

PARAI'£TER SPRING (3-5 SUMK:R (6-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL (1-12) IUIAL :HI fLL \J.lgfl 4b.J**b1.~** 42.U**4~** .2**4~.1i** CONDUCTlVI Y umhos) 33.593 35,8l:l3 32,933 39,033 35,36U IUKtHUJ.1T lNlI S) 1:1.2 !>**.~** !>.4 b.1 b.3 I UKI ( 'C) 22.1i**2~.~** 2b.U 11**.~** 24.U TOTAL NITROGEN (mQ/l) 1.18 1.34 1.31 0.98 1.2U STATION *§.Q...

ARAI'£TER SPRING (3-5) SUMf.'[R (6-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL U-12)

IAI :Ll Hig/l**~1** .Ii JU.I J1.1 1b**.~ 2~.2** **~D** 'J. umhos) 3 ,042 35,474 33,700 38,767 36,246 ,Ij u. II Sl .Ii b.J 4.4 .J**~.u** 1'1 1111 (**'"~** :1.1**2~** .1 24.2 L4.1:1**ia.~** AL NI ROGEN (mg!1) 0.71 0.97 1.16 .59 0.86 STATION #61

PARAI'£TER SPRING (3-5 SUMK:R (6-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL U-12) IUIAL :H! tlJg/1 22.9 J2.1 J/.U lU.ts ll:l.4 CONDUCTIVITY umhos) 37,40U 33,471 33,650 37,800 35,58U

IIlH 1l.IY (NI S) 4.b .U 4.3 2**.~** 4.2**,-E~1'1l4** II' (**'"~** 22.U**2~** .U 24.1 1!>.1i 2l.!J OTAL NITROGEN (mg/l) 0.78 1.09 1.13 0.92 0.98 STATION #62

54STATION 163

STATION 165

PARAI'ETER SPRING (3-5 SUM1'ER (6-1:1 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL (1-12) I IIAL UI

...... «(Jg/l J"I..4 .U.1 .11.3 "i.I.';, 3'/..7 CNOUCTIYlTV lIJmhos) 3/.050 34.704 33.150 37,533 35,61J9

IWK IT (NTU sl 1.1 0.0 I).3 .1 6.3 1:

.....t.KJ\IUKt. ,",,} "1.1.1 "l.'d.1 l4.3 15.4**"I."I..~** TOTAL NITROGEN (mg/l) 0.76 1.15 1.23 0.87 1.00 STATION #66

PARMETER SPRING :3-5 SUMt-ER (0-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-Z ANNUAL (1-12I TOTAL fLL (U!1I1**~J** • 31.1 J4•.1 lU.3 1I.4 ;UNUUl 'I y (JiDhos) 3; ,7',7 35,815 33,1:11:13 38,567 36,508

HHI INT s) .b 7.l 4.';, 3.J 5.l JKI I"C)**~l.b "I.~.U**  "1.4.4 J.5.1 2l.';, rOIAL NITROGEN (mQ/l) 

### o.bl 0.99 U.94 U.69 0.1:12 STATION 167

STATION 170

PARAt-ETER SPRING (3-5 SUMftER 16-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL (1-12) [mAL 'WI «(JellI 4/.';, 'dJ."l.**~J."l.** Jb.4**~~** .1 ONDUCTIVlTV lJmhosl 35.900 32.950 33,luO 39.633 35,396 IT INT 5)**~.9 ~.4**  4.4**~.J** 5.2 IUKt. ('C) Z"l..Z Z'd.Y**l~** .Y 1/.J l".0 TOTAL NlTROGEN (mg/l) 1.32 1.33**1.~2** o.l:la 1.26 

### 55STATION #71 LONG. 82°25'UO·

56STATION 190 PARAI1:.T R SPRING 13-5 SUMM::R (b-8 FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL [1-12) IUIAL I (\Jg/l 11• 1/."l**~u.o** 1£**.~** lb. CONDUCT VI Y :lJmh05) 43,8:13 48,33U 47,433 49,628 48,5! 6

BIll. Y INI 51 3.!I 5.Z 4.1 3.5 4.3 I IUKI ('(;I ZL4**~!I.~ £~.Z**  .1b.J lJ.4 T TAL NITROGEN (mgll) U.46 0.59**U.~B** 0.39 0.51 STATION 191

STATION**,~**

PARAt-ETER IUIAL LHI rLL (\Jg/1 ONDUCTIVITY fJmhos)

Ill. .1 (Nil SI AL NI ROGEN (mg/l) STATION 193 SPRING (3-5 ll.j 52,5UU

4.U 0.30 SUMf-ER (6-8**l~.l** 52,149

29.6 0.54



### 57 FALL (9-11) Its.J 49,833 WINTER (12-2 H.U 52,4OU

Ib.4 0.37 ANNUAL (1-12) 14.Z 51,720

23.4 0.45STATION 1101 LAT. 28°01'32- PARAto£ R SPRING (3-5 SUMr£R {6-B' FALL {9-1U WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL <1-12) rOlAL (!JQIl L4. .O.J lJ.1 10.7 Ib.2 ,

# .., 

### ,VI T {lJmhas) 16.7fO 1 ;l.l.l 14**~872** 15.994 15.966 URBID Y NTU s) .5 .7 5.1 4.3 6.4 \-1.1**~z.~ ~8**  .3**~4.~** 15.6 22.8 rOTAL N.IR GEN (mg/1) 1.16 1.32 L22 1.06 1.19 STATION 1102 LAT. 28°00'32-
1'1:.11:.
'1 (!Jmhos)

II IT SI II( ('C) A "' Kllbt.N (mg/l) STATION 1103

STATION 1110 SPRING (3-5 28. 30**~6** 

# .**~3** .5 .05 SUI' 'ER (6-8 l!:l.U 2 .514 .1**~9** .4 0.85 FALL {9-11) 41."1. 23,737 .8**~4.9** .27 WIN "ER U2-2**~2** .9 2 ,959**~3**

l5.9 0.81 ANNUAL U-IZ) IW**.~**

.0**~3** .4

PARAI'£ ER SPRING (3-5) SUMfJER (6-13) FAlL (9-11) WINTERt12"'Zl ANNUAl11-121 lUI fLL l!Jg/l1 !:II .b o!:l.J JO.!:l JU.Z 47.4 CON U VI Y !Jmhos) 22.5U8 26.545 21.328 29.99ti 25.U94 [N" s) !:I.l 6.7 7.2 3.5 5.0 II' JKI 'l.) "1.4.9 31.U 26.7 18.4 25.2 AL rRIGN {mall) 1.71 1.28 1.39 0.86 1.31 STATION 1112

58 18.613
1.04STATION 1114 PAAAt-'ETER SPRING (3-5 SUMl>f:R (6-B FALL (9-11) WINTER (12-2 ANNUAL U-1l) TOTAL :1011 (UQ/I NO uata No Uata NO uata**b.~** 

# ---- CONDUCTIVITY llJmhos) 523 463 973 551 628 IUKIHU! I' (NTI s) 

### .u !».!j 3**.~ ,.~** **3.~** It.fIt't.KAIUKt. \ 'I,;, £.j 2b.!» 'j.b**!~** ./j U

.•1 OTAL NITROGEN (mall) .61 1.91 2.62 2.29 2.36 STATION 1132

MEAN FOR ALL STATIONS:

59

### 4.2 APPENDIX B - 1982 COMMERCIAL LANDINGS (POUNDS) AND EXVESSEL VALUES (DOLLARS) FOR SELECTED FINFISH SPECIES FOR PINELLAS, HILLSBOROUGH, AND MANATEE COUNTIES. The following matrix was compiled from data supplied by Mr. Ernie Snell ofNational Marine Fisheries Service Office, Miami, Florida, 1984. Landings Study area Exvessel Study area Mean Price Species (1

### b) rank value ($) rank perpound
Red drum 166,789 5 93,744 6 $0.56 Spotted seatrout 145,925 6 118,943 5 $0.82 Atlantic croaker 12 14 2 14 $0.17 Flounder 18,238 10 11,507 10 $0.63 Pompano 18,920 9 47,363 8 $2.50 Stripedmullet 7,184,919 1 1,602,174 2 $0.22 Menhaden 362 13 18 13 

### $0.05 Sardines 2,283,376 3 189,211 4 $0.08 Grouper

### &scamp 5,280,830 2 6,441,860 1 $1.22 Jewfish 9,238 12 4,214 12 $0.46 Red snapper 350,135 4 760,175 3 $2.17 Mangrove snapper 72,044 7 92,687 7 $1.29 King mackerel 14,222 11 9,653 11 $0.68 Spanishmackerel 89,206 8 27,911 9 $0.31 Totals 15,634,216 9,399,462 Average Mean $0.80

4.3 APPENDIX C - 1982 COMMERCIAL LANDING (POUNDS) AND EXVESSEL VALUES (DOLLARS) FOR SELECTED SHELLFISH SPECIES FOR PINELLAS, HILLSBOROUGH, AND MANATEE COUNTIES.
The following matrix was compiled from data supplied by Mr. Ernie Snell ofthe National Marine Fisheries Service Office, Miami, Florida, 1984. Landings Study area Exvessel Study area Mean price Species (lb) rank value ($) rank perpound
Clams 70 6 

### 158 6 $2.26 Scallops 1,376 4 3,088 4 $3.24 Shrimp 3,988,435 1 7,975,324 1 $2.00 Blue crab 278,326 2 88,954 3 $1.38 Stone crab 67,368 3 

### 92,663 2 $1.38 Oysters 132 5 167 5 $1.27

60

### 4.4 APPENDIX D - COLONIAL BIRD NESTING SITEMATRIX. Key to Appendix D, Colonial Bird Nesting Site Matrix. Colony Number

- This is the colony numberwhich appears next to the symbol in the atlas. Colony Type

- The colonies in the atlas are type-classed: SB =Shorebird WB =Wading Bird BP =Brown Pelican FWS Number

- The corresponding colony numbers used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Audubon Society for larger or less ephemeral colonies are shown in this column. Information concerning colonies without a corresponding FWS number was gathered largely through personal communication with the Nationa1 Audubon Society and Florida Audubon Society members as well as other published data. Species Composition: SB =Shorebirds

AO

- American Oystercatcher BS

- BlackSkimmer CT

- Caspian Tern GBT

- Gull-BilledTern

LG

- Laughing Gull LT

- LeastTern NOT

- Noddy Tern RST

- Roseate Tern ROT

- Royal Tern

ST

- Sandwich Tern SP

- Snowy Plover SOT

- Sooty Tern W- Wi11et WP

- Wilson's Plover

BP =Brown Pelican WB = Wading Birds A - Anhinga BCNH

- Black-Crowned Night Heron CE

- Cattle Egret DCC

- Double-Crested Cormorant

GI

- Glossy Ibis GBH

- GreatBlue Heron

GE

- GreatEgret LB

- LeastBittern LBH

- Little Blue Heron TCH

- Tricolored Heron

RE

- Reddish Egret RS

- Roseate Spoonbill SE

- Snowy Egret YCNH

- Yellow-Crowned Night Heron WI

- White Ibis WS

- Wood Stork Note: Anhinga andDouble-Crested cormorant are not really wading birds but are included because they sometimes nestwith wading birds.

(continued)
61

### Appendix0(continued) Colony Colony FWSno. Species type Species composition

1 

### WB, BP BP, CE, WI, GE, GBH, LBH, RE, SE RCH, BCNH, GE, RS 615007 2 

### WB YCNH 615010 3 

### WB CE 615011 4 

### SB LT 615009 5 

### WB, BP BP, eE, GBH, GE, SE 615030 6 

### WB GE, GBH, SE 615029 7 

### WB, BP BP, GE, GBH, YCNH, WI 615031 8 

### WB, BP BP, CE, WI, GBH, GE, SE, LH 615027 9 

### WB GBH 615028 10 

### SB BS, AO 11 

### S8 LT, AO 12 

### SB LT, AO 13 

### SB LG, AO, W 14 

### SB, WB AO, W, GE 15 

### S8 W 16 

### WB, SB WI, DCC, YCNH, BCNH, JLH, SE, GE, LBH, GBH, CE, GI, RS, LG, CT, ST 17 

### SB W 18 

### WB CE, SE, WI, GE 19 

### SB WP 20 

### SB LG, BS 21 

### SB LT (continued) 62

### Appendix D(concluded) Colony Colony number type Species composition FWS no. 23 

### SB 

### LT, BS, LG, GBT 24 

### SB SO 25 

### SB 

### LT, BS 26 

### SB BS 27 

### SB BS, LG, ROT, ST, LT, AO 28 

### SB 

### LT 29 

### SB LT 30 

### SB 

### LT, BS 31 

### SB AO 32 

### WB LBH, GE, LB, SE 33 

### SB LT, AO

63IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII5. NARRATIVE REFERENCES Bailey, R.G. 1978. Descriptions of the ecoregions of the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Servo Misc. Publ. No. 1391. Washington, 

### D.C. Causseaux, K.W., and J.D. FretwelL 1982. Position of the freshwatersaltwater interface in the upper part of the Floridan aquifer, s.outhwest Florida, 1979. U.S. Geo1. Surv. Water-Resour. Invest. Open-Flle Rep. 82-90. Tallahassee. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. 1983a. Computer printout of industrial point source discharges in west central Florida. Tallahassee. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. 1983b. Computer printout of municipal point source discharges in west central Florida. Tallahassee. Florida Department of Natural Resources. 1981. Florida recreational guide. Tallahassee. Florida Department of Natural Resources. 1984. Shellfish harvest area maps (various scales). Tallahassee. Florida Marine Patrol. 1980. Boater's guide to manatees, the gentle giants. Tallahassee. Godcharles, M.G., and W.C. Jaap. 1973. Fauna and flora in hydraulic clam dredge collections from Florida west and southeast coasts. Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory, St. Petersburg. Goodell, H.G., and D.S. Gorsline. 1961. Asedimentologic study of Tampa Bay, Florida. International Association of Sedimentology, Copenhagen, Denmark. Goodwin, C. 1984. Changes in tidal flow, circulation, and flushing caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. 84-447. Tampa. Hicks, S.D., H.A. Debaugh, and L.E. Hickman. 1983. Sea level variations for the United States: 1855-1980. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Rockville, Md. Humm, H.J. 1973. The biological environment. A summary of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, 1973. State University System of Florida, Institute of Oceanography, Tallahassee.

65Lewis, R.R., I II. 1980. Tampa Bay cooperative seagrass project. Tampa. Lewis, R.R., III, and R.L. Whitman, Jr. 1984. Anew geographic description of the boundaries and subdivisions of Tampa Bay. Mangrove Systems, Inc., Tampa. Lewis, R.R., III. R.G. Gilmore, Jr., D.W. Crewz, and W.E. Odum. 1982. The fishery resources of mangrove forestry in Florida. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Md. Lewis, R.R., III, M.D. Moffler, and R.C. Phillips. 1984. Seagrass meadows of Tampa Bay-review (draft). Tampa. McNulty, J.K., W.M. Lindall, and J.E. Sykes. 1972. Cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine inventory and study, Florida: phase I, area description. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. 368. Seattle, Wash. Moe, M.A. 1963. A survey of offshore fishing in Florida. Great Outdoors Publishing Company. Prof. Pap. Sere 

### 4. St. Petersburg. Mook, D. 1971. External morphology and osteological development of the larval and juvenile sheepshead, Archosargus probatocepahlus with notes on its ecology and feeding. M.S. Thesis. University of South Florida, Tampa. 82 pp. National Ocean Service. 1976. Bathymetric map of St. Petersburg 1:250,000 scale quadrangle. Rockville, Md. National Ocean Service. 1983. Index of tide stations for the state of Florida. Rockvi11e, Md. Palik, T.F., and R.R. Lewis. 1984. acterization: an ecological atlas. FWS/OBS-82/47. Southwestern Florida ecological charMap narratives. U.S. Fish Wildl. Servo Phillips, R.C. 1960. Florida seagrasses. Observations on the ecology and distribution of the Fla. Board Conserv. Prof. Pap. Sere (2):1-72. Phi11ips, R.C. 1978. Seagrasses and the coastal marine environment. Oceanus 21(3):30-40. Pritchard, P.C.H., ed. 1978-82. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Vols. 1-6. Florida Committee on Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Tallahassee. Ross, B.E. 1973. The hydrology and flushing of the bays, estuaries, and nearshore areas of the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Summary of the eastern Gulf of Mexico, 1973. State University System of Florida, Institute of Oceanography, Tallahassee.

66

### Seaman, W., Jr. 1982. Enhancement of Florida marine fisheries using artificial reefs: areview (draft). University ofFlorida, Florida Sea Grant College, Gainesville. Slack, L.J., andM.l. Kaufman. 1973. Specific conductance ofwater in Florida streams and canals. Florida Bureau ofGeology, Tallahassee. Snell, E. 1984. Florida landings

- 1982. National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami. Taylor, J.L., and C.M. Saloman. 1969. Some effects ofhydraulic dredging and coastal development in Boca Ceiga Bay, Florida. U.S. FishWildl. Servo Bull. 67(2):213-241. Wilkins, R.B. 1983. Environmental Quality, Florida. Hillsborough County Environmental 1981, Hi11

### sborough County, Protection Commission, Tampa. Zieman, J.C. 182. The ecology ofthe seagrass of south Florida: a community profile. U.S. FishWildl. Servo FWS/OBS-82/25.

67

### 6. SOURCES OF MAPPED INFORMATION
6.1 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 6.1.1 Approved Shellfish Harvest Areas Florida Department of Natural Resources. 1984. Shellfish harvest area maps (various scales). Tallahassee. 6.1.2 Oyster Beds McNulty, J.K., W.N. Lindall, and J.E. Sykes. 1972. Cooperative Gulf of Mexico estuarine inventory and study, Florida: phase I, area description, NOAA Tech. Rep., NMFS Circ. 368. Washington, D.C. 6.1.3 Clams Godcharles, M.F., and 

### w.e. Jaap. 1973. Exploratory clam survey of Florida nearshore and estuarine waters with commercial hydraulic dredging gear. Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab. Prof. Pap. Ser. No. 21. St. Petersburg. Sims, N.W., Jr., and R.J. Stokes. 1967. Survey of the hard shell clam (Mercenaria campechiensis) population in Tampa Bay, Florida. Fla. Dep. Nat. Resour. Mar. Res. Lab. Spec. Sci. Rep. No. 17. St. Petersburg. Sprague, M. 1984. Personal communication, discussions of distribution of clams in Tampa Bay and adjacent waters. Florida Department of Natural Resources, Punta Gorda. Tracy, L. 1983. Personal communication, discussions of distribution of clams in Tampa Bay and adjacent waters. Three Tis Clam Company, Madeira Beach. 6.1.4 Finfish Data Moe, M.A., Jr. 1970. Florida1s fishing grounds. Great Outdoors Publishing Company. St. Petersburg. 6.1.5 Shore Birds Kale, H.W., II. 1978. Birds. endangered biota of Florida. Kale, H.W., II. Unpublished. coast of Florida. Vol. 2 in P.C.H. Pritchard, ed. Rare and Un'iversity Presses of Florida, Gainesville. Data on selected groups of birds on the gulf



### 68Nesbitt, S.A., J.C. Ogden, H.W. Kale II, B.W. Patty, and L.A. Rowse. 1982. Florida atlas of breeding sites for herons and their allies: 1976-1978. U.S. Fish Wildl. Servo FWS/OBS-81/49. Paul, R.T. 1984 Personal wading birds in Tampa Bay. communication, nesting sites of shore birds and National Audubon Society, Tampa. 6.1.6 Wading Birds Kale, H.W., II. 1978. Birds. Vol. 2 in P.C.H. Pritchard, ed. Rare and endangered biota of Florida. University Presses of Florida, Gainesville. Kale, H.W., II. Unpublished. Data on selected groups of birds on the gulf coast of Florida. Nesbitt, S.A., J.C. Ogden, H.W. Kale II, B.W. Patty, and L.A. Rowse. Florida atlas of breeding sites for herons and their allies: 1976-1978. Fish Wildl. Servo FWS/OBS-81/49. 1982. U.S.
Paul, R.T. 1984. Personal communication, nesting sites of shore birds and wading birds in Tampa Bay. National Audubon Society, Tampa. 6.1.7 Manatee Habitat Florida Marine Patrol. 1980. Boater's guide to manatees, the gentle giants. Department of Natural Resources, Tallahassee. 6.1.8 Seagrass Beds Mangrove Systems, Inc. 1980. Seagrass maps of Tampa Bay (scales 1:10,000 and 1:24,000). Tampa. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1984. 1982 Tampa Bay NWI update (scale 1:24,000). National Wetlands Inventory Office, St. Petersburg. U.s. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1982. 1:24,000 scale color photography of Tampa Bay. National Wetlands Inventory Office, St. Petersburg. 6.1.9 Artificial Reefs Bureau of Land Management, New Orleans Outer Continental Shelf Office. 1981. Gulf of Mexico permitted artificial fishing reefs (tracts 67 & 69). New Orleans, La. Bureau of Land Management, New Orleans Outer Continental Shelf Officeo 1981. Eastern Gulf of Mexico coastal zone offshore fisheries. New Orleans, La.

691977. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Permit Division. Florida artificial reefs permit notebook. Tallahassee. Florida Sea Grant College, Marine Advisory Program. 1979. Recreational use reefs in Florida, artificial and natural. University of Florida, Gainesville. Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Regional Office. 1982. Fishery resources - recreation (visual-4, scale 1:1,200,000). New Orleans, La. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1981. Computer printout of Florida artificial reefs. Jacksonvi11e.
6.2 WATER RESOURCES 6.2.1. Salinity Hi11sborough County Environmenta1 Protection Commission. 1983. Conductivity data for Tampa Bay water quality sampling stations: September 1978

- August 1983. Tampa. 6.2.2 Point Source Discharges Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. 1983a. Computer printout of industria1 point source discharges in west central Florida. Tallahassee. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation. 1983b. Computer printout of municipal point source discharges in west central Florida. Tallahassee. 6.2.3 Dredge Spoil Disposal Areas Florida Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of State Lands Management. 1983. Dredge and spoi1 easement 1ocation maps for the southwest Florida area. Tallahassee. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service. 1983. Nautical charts: 11410, 11413, 11414, and 11425 (various scales). Rockville,**r~d.** 6.2.4 Tide Stations National Ocean Service. 1981. Florida. Rockville, Md. Index of tide stations for the State of

National Ocean Service. 1984. Tidal datums for St. Petersburg tide station #8726520 and Clearwater tide station #87267261. Rockville, Md.

70

### 6.2.5 Water Quality Hillsborough County Environmental Protection Commission. 1983. Total chlorophyll, conductivity, turbidity, water temperature, and total nitrogen water quality data for Tampa Bay water quality sampling stations: September 1978

- August 1983. Tampa. 6.2.6. Bathymetry National Oceanic and Atmospheric 1976. Bathymetric map of St. Rockville, Md. Administration, National Ocean Service. Petersburg. 1:250,000 scale quadrangle.
National 1983. scales).Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Nautical charts: 11410, 11413, 11414, and

Rockville, Md. Ocean 11425 Serviceo (various

National 1983. scales). 6.2.7 Intertidal Zone Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National

Nautical charts: 11410, 11413, 11414, and

Rockvi11e, Md. 6.2.8 Sediments Ocean 11425 Service. (various

Goodell, H.G., and D.S. Gorsline. 1961. Asedimentologic study ofTampa Bay, Florida. International Association of Sedimentology. Copenhagen, Denmark. Taylor, J.L., and C.H. Saloman. 1969. Some effects ofhydraulic dredging and coastal development in Boca Ciega Bay, Florida. U.S. Fish Wildl. Servo Bull. 67(2):213-241. 6.2.9 Tidal Currents Goodwin, C. 1984. Changes in tidal flow, circulation, and flushing caused by dredge and fill in Tampa Bay, Florida. U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rep. 84-447. Tampa, Fla. 6.2.10 Freshwater-Saltwater Interface Causseaux, K.W., and J.D. freshwater-saltwater interface southwest Florida, 1979. U.S. Rep. 82-90. Tallahassee. Fretwell. 1982. Position of the in the upper part of the Floridan aquifer, Geol. Surv. Water-Resour. Invest. Open-File



### 71

### 7. GLOSSARY 

### alimentary tract - Atubular passage functioning in digestion and absorption offood. brackish ppt. Pertaining to a body ofwater whose salinity is between 0.5 and 30
carnivore - Ameat-eating organism. crustacean

- An aquatic arthropod of the class Crustacea characteristically having a segmented body, a chitinous exoskeleton, and paired, jointed limbs. Examples include lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles. detritus

- Any particulate organic material derived from the process ofdecomposition. dinoflagellate

- Minute, chiefly marine unicellular algae of the order Dinoflagellata, characteristically have two flagella and a cellulose outer envelope. diurnal

- Lasting**fo~** 

### one day. forage

- To search for food. gyre - A circular or spiral system of movement, characteristic of oceanic currents. ichthyofauna

- Fish. isop1eth

- Contour 1ine connecting points of equal value of a given factor. invertebrate

- An animal species having no backbone or spinal column. metamorphosis

- Marked change in the structure of an animal during normal development, usually in the larval to adult stages. Examples include caterpillars changing into butterflies and tadpoles into frogs. morphological

- The structural makeup oforganisms. omnivorous

- Pertaining to an organism which eats both plants and animals. pathogen

- Any agent that causes disease. Examples include viruses, bacteria, and fungi. pelagic

- Pertaining to organisms living in the openwater. 72

### phytoplankton

- Minute, floating aquatic plants. piscivorous

- Pertaining to organisms that feed on fish. planktivorous

- Organisms feeding on plankton. planktonic

- Pertaining to free-floating microscopic organisms. spawning - The process of re1easing eggs or masses of eggs into the water. spit - Anarrow point of land extending into abody ofwater. toxin - Apoisonous substance, usually having aprotein structure, secreted by certain organisms.



### 73S0212·101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION

## 11. REPORT NO. PAGE 

### Biological Report 85(15)

### I~ &.. Title .nd Subtltla 

### Tampa Bay Envirotll'lental Atlas S. Report Date 

### December 1984

7. AuthOr<.) J. 

### Thomas Kunneke andThomas F. Palik ..**~erfonnin.** Orl.niz.tlon RePt. No. t. ",rfonnincO

....niution Name .nd Addre

.. 10. ProjKt!TnklWoril Unit No.

ll. Cantr.cUC) orGrant(G) No. 

### Martel Laboratories, Inc. 7100 30th Avenue, North St. Petersburg, FL 33710 (C) 

### t"7.

1:';-";S=po=_=,=",.::'":O::

... =.=n7.: lu

=t::lo-=-n**::N-:-:.m:-e-.-=-nd:-:-Ad:-:d:-re-ss-------------------~** CG) 

### National Coastal Ecosystems Team U.S. Fish and \/ildlife Service U.S. Department ofthe Interior Washington, DC 20240 13. Typeof Report &Period Covered

14.

15. Supplementary Not"

ilLAbstrect(LImit: 200words) 

### Biological and water resource data forTampa Bay were compiled andr:lapped at ascale of 1:24,000. This atlas consists of (1) composited information overlain on 18biological and 20water resource basemaps and (2) an accor.lpanying map narrative. Subjects mapped on the water resource maps are contours of the mean r:,iddepth specific conductivity which can be converted to salinity; bathyr,letry, sediments, tidal currents, the freshwater/saltwater interface, dredge spoil disposal sites; locations of industrial andmunicipal point source discharges, tide stations, and water quality sampling stations. The point source discharge locations show permitted capacity and the water quality sampling stations show 5-yearaverages for chlorophyll, conductivity, turbidity, temperature, and total nitrogen. The subjects shown on the biological resource maps are clam and oysterbeds, shellfish harvestareas, colonial bird nesting sites, Manatee habitat, seagrass beds and artificial reefs. Spawning seasons, nursery habitats, and adult habitats are identified formajor fish species. The atlas will provide useful information for coastal planning and management inTampa Bay.

17. Oocument**An.l~i.** •. Descriptors 

### Atlas, maps, natural resources, conductivity, water quality, habitats

b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms 

### Tampa Bay, point source discharge, shellfish areas, nesting sites

CoCOSAn Field/GrollP 1&AQltettiroty Statement 

### Unlimited release 19. SecurityClass (ThisReport) 

### Unclassified 21. No. ofP.an 

### 74 20. SecurityCI.ss (This P.p) 

### Unclassified 22. Price
(SeeANS1-l39.11l OPTIONALFORM272 (4-17) (Formerly NTI$-35) Oep.rtmentofCommerce