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Subpart Q—Iron and Steel Production

§98.170 Definition of the source category.

The iron and steel production source category includes facilities with any of the 

following processes: taconite iron ore processing, integrated iron and steel manufacturing, 

cokemaking not collocated with an integrated iron and steel manufacturing process, direct 

reduction furnaces not collocated with an integrated iron and steel manufacturing process, and 

electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking not collocated with an integrated iron and steel 

manufacturing process. Integrated iron and steel manufacturing means the production of steel 

from iron ore or iron ore pellets. At a minimum, an integrated iron and steel manufacturing 

process has a basic oxygen furnace for refining molten iron into steel. Each cokemaking process 

and EAF process located at a facility with an integrated iron and steel manufacturing process is 

part of the integrated iron and steel manufacturing facility.

§98.171 Reporting threshold.

You must report GHG emissions under this subpart if your facility contains an iron and 

steel production process and the facility meets the requirements of either §98.2(a)(1) or (2).

§98.172 GHGs to report.

(a) You must report under subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion 

Sources) the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from each stationary combustion unit following 

the requirements of subpart C except for flares. Stationary combustion units include, but are not 

limited to, by-product recovery coke oven battery combustion stacks, blast furnace stoves, 

boilers, process heaters, reheat furnaces, annealing furnaces, flame suppression, ladle reheaters, 

and other miscellaneous combustion sources.
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(b) You must report CO2 emissions from flares that burn blast furnace gas or coke oven 

gas according to the procedures in §98.253(b)(1) of subpart Y (Petroleum Refineries) of this part. 

When using the alternatives set forth in §98.253(b)(1)(ii)(B) and §98.253(b)(1)(iii)(C), you must 

use the default CO2 emission factors for coke oven gas and blast furnace gas from Table C-1 to 

subpart C in Equations Y-2 and Y-3 of subpart Y. You must report CH4 and N2O emissions from 

flares according to the requirements in §98.33(c)(2) using the emission factors for coke oven gas 

and blast furnace gas in Table C-2 to subpart C of this part.

(c) You must report process CO2 emissions from each taconite indurating furnace; basic 

oxygen furnace; non-recovery coke oven battery combustion stack; coke pushing process; sinter 

process; EAF; decarburization vessel; and direct reduction furnace by following the procedures 

in this subpart.

§98.173 Calculating GHG emissions.

You must calculate and report the annual process CO2 emissions from each taconite 

indurating furnace, basic oxygen furnace, non-recovery coke oven battery, sinter process, EAF, 

decarburization vessel, and direct reduction furnace using the procedures in either paragraph (a) 

or (b) of this section. Calculate and report the annual process CO2 emissions from the coke 

pushing process according to paragraph (c) of this section.

(a) Calculate and report under this subpart the process CO2 emissions by operating and 

maintaining CEMS according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in §98.33(a)(4) and all 

associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion 

Sources).

(b) Calculate and report under this subpart the process CO2 emissions using the procedure 

in paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.
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(1) Carbon mass balance method. Calculate the annual mass emissions of CO2 for the 

process as specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(vii) of this section. The calculations 

are based on the annual mass of inputs and outputs to the process and an annual analysis of the 

respective weight fraction of carbon as determined according to the procedures in §98.174(b). If 

you have a process input or output other than CO2 in the exhaust gas that contains carbon that is 

not included in Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of this section, you must account for the carbon and 

mass rate of that process input or output in your calculations according to the procedures in 

§98.174(b)(5).

(i) For taconite indurating furnaces, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-1 of this 

section.

Where:

CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions from the taconite indurating furnace (metric tons).

44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.

(Fs) = Annual mass of the solid fuel used (metric tons).

(Csf) = Carbon content of the solid fuel, from the fuel analysis (expressed as a decimal 

fraction).

(Fg) = Annual volume of the gaseous fuel used (scf).

(Cgf) = Average carbon content of the gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C 

per kg of fuel).

MW = Molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole).

MVC = Molar volume conversion factor (849.5 scf per kg-mole at standard conditions).

0.001 = Conversion factor from kg to metric tons.
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(Fl) = Annual volume of the liquid fuel used (gallons).

(Clf) = Carbon content of the liquid fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per gallon of 

fuel).

(O) = Annual mass of greenball (taconite) pellets fed to the furnace (metric tons).

(C0) = Carbon content of the greenball (taconite) pellets, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

(P) = Annual mass of fired pellets produced by the furnace (metric tons).

(Cp) = Carbon content of the fired pellets, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction).

(R) = Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons).

(CR) = Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(ii) For basic oxygen process furnaces, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-2 of 

this section.

Where:

CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions from the basic oxygen furnace (metric tons).

44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.

(Iron) = Annual mass of molten iron charged to the furnace (metric tons).

(CIron) = Carbon content of the molten iron, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as 

a decimal fraction).

(Scrap) = Annual mass of ferrous scrap charged to the furnace (metric tons).
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(CScrap) = Carbon content of the ferrous scrap, from the carbon analysis results (expressed 

as a decimal fraction).

(Flux) = Annual mass of flux materials (e.g., limestone, dolomite) charged to the furnace 

(metric tons).

(CFlux) = Carbon content of the flux materials, from the carbon analysis results (expressed 

as a decimal fraction).

(Carbon) = Annual mass of carbonaceous materials (e.g., coal, coke) charged to the 

furnace (metric tons).

(CCarbon) = Carbon content of the carbonaceous materials, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Steel) = Annual mass of molten raw steel produced by the furnace (metric tons).

(CSteel) = Carbon content of the steel, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction).

(Slag) = Annual mass of slag produced by the furnace (metric tons).

(CSlag) = Carbon content of the slag, from the carbon analysis (expressed as a decimal 

fraction).

(R) = Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons).

(CR) = Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction)

(iii) For non-recovery coke oven batteries, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-3 of 

this section.

Where:
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CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions from the non-recovery coke oven battery (metric 

tons).

44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.

(Coal) = Annual mass of coal charged to the battery (metric tons).

(CCoal) = Carbon content of the coal, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction).

(Coke) = Annual mass of coke produced by the battery (metric tons).

(CCoke) = Carbon content of the coke, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction).

(R) = Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons).

(CR) = Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction)

(iv) For sinter processes, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-4 of this section.

Where:

CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions from the sinter process (metric tons).

44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.

(Fg) = Annual volume of the gaseous fuel used (scf).

(Cgf) = Carbon content of the gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per kg of 

fuel).

MW = Molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole).

MVC = Molar volume conversion factor (849.5 scf per kg-mole at standard conditions).

0.001 = Conversion factor from kg to metric tons.
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(Feed) = Annual mass of sinter feed material (metric tons).

(CFeed) = Carbon content of the mixed sinter feed materials that form the bed entering the 

sintering machine, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Sinter) = Annual mass of sinter produced (metric tons).

(CSinter) = Carbon content of the sinter pellets, from the carbon analysis results (expressed 

as a decimal fraction).

(R) = Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons).

(CR) = Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(v) For EAFs, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-5 of this section.

 =

44

12 ∗ 

() ∗ () + () ∗  + () ∗ () + () ∗ () + ()

∗ () − () ∗ () +  ∗  ∗



 ∗ 0.001 − () ∗  − () ∗ (

)



(Eq. Q-5)

Where:

CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions from the EAF (metric tons).

44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.

(Iron) = Annual mass of direct reduced iron (if any) charged to the furnace (metric tons).

(CIron) = Carbon content of the direct reduced iron, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Scrap) = Annual mass of ferrous scrap charged to the furnace (metric tons).

(CScrap) = Carbon content of the ferrous scrap, from the carbon analysis results (expressed 

as a decimal fraction).
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(Flux) = Annual mass of flux materials (e.g., limestone, dolomite) charged to the furnace 

(metric tons).

(CFlux) = Carbon content of the flux materials, from the carbon analysis results (expressed 

as a decimal fraction).

(Electrode) = Annual mass of carbon electrode consumed (metric tons).

(CElectrode) = Carbon content of the carbon electrode, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Carbon) = Annual mass of carbonaceous materials (e.g., coal, coke) charged to the 

furnace (metric tons).

(CCarbon) = Carbon content of the carbonaceous materials, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Steel) = Annual mass of molten raw steel produced by the furnace (metric tons).

(CSteel) = Carbon content of the steel, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction).

(Fg) = Annual volume of the gaseous fuel used (scf at 60 degrees F and one atmosphere).

(Cgf) = Average carbon content of the gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C 

per kg of fuel).

(MW) = Molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole).

(MVC) = Molar volume conversion factor (836.6 scf per kg-mole at standard conditions 

of 60 degrees F and one atmosphere).

(0.001) = Conversion factor from kg to metric tons.

(Slag) = Annual mass of slag produced by the furnace (metric tons).
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(CSlag) = Carbon content of the slag, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction).

(R) = Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons).

(CR) = Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(vi) For decarburization vessels, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-6 of this 

section.

Where:

CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions from the decarburization vessel (metric tons).

44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.

(Steel) = Annual mass of molten steel charged to the vessel (metric tons).

(CSteelin) = Carbon content of the molten steel before decarburization, from the carbon 

analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(CSteelout) = Carbon content of the molten steel after decarburization, from the carbon 

analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(R) = Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons).

(CR) = Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(vii) For direct reduction furnaces, estimate CO2 emissions using Equation Q-7 of this 

section.
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Where:

CO2 = Annual CO2 mass emissions from the direct reduction furnace (metric tons).

44/12 = Ratio of molecular weights, CO2 to carbon.

(Fg) = Annual volume of the gaseous fuel used (scf).

(Cgf) = Carbon content of the gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per kg of 

fuel).

MW = Molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole).

MVC = Molar volume conversion factor (849.5 scf per kg-mole at standard conditions).

0.001 = Conversion factor from kg to metric tons.

(Ore) = Annual mass of iron ore or iron ore pellets fed to the furnace (metric tons).

(COre) = Carbon content of the iron ore or iron ore pellets, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Carbon) = Annual mass of carbonaceous materials (e.g., coal, coke) charged to the 

furnace (metric tons).

(CCarbon) = Carbon content of the carbonaceous materials, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Other) = Annual mass of other materials charged to the furnace (metric tons).

(COther) = Average carbon content of the other materials charged to the furnace, from the 

carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(Iron) = Annual mass of iron produced (metric tons).
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(CIron) = Carbon content of the iron, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction).

(NM) = Annual mass of non-metallic materials produced by the furnace (metric tons).

(CNM) = Carbon content of the non-metallic materials, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

(R) = Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons).

(CR) = Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis

results (expressed as a decimal fraction).

(2) Site-specific emission factor method. Conduct a performance test and measure CO2

emissions from all exhaust stacks for the process and measure either the feed rate of materials 

into the process or the production rate during the test as described in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through 

(b)(2)(iv) of this section.

(i) You must measure the process production rate or process feed rate, as applicable, 

during the performance test according to the procedures in §98.174(c)(5) and calculate the 

average rate for the test period in metric tons per hour.

(ii) You must calculate the hourly CO2 emission rate using Equation Q-8 of this section 

and determine the average hourly CO2 emission rate for the test.

Where:

CO2 = CO2 mass emission rate, corrected for moisture (metric tons/hr).

5.18 × 10−7 = Conversion factor (metric tons/scf−% CO2).

CCO2 = Hourly CO2 concentration, dry basis (% CO2).

Q = Hourly stack gas volumetric flow rate (scfh).
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%H2O = Hourly moisture percentage in the stack gas.

(iii) You must calculate a site-specific emission factor for the process in metric tons of 

CO2 per metric ton of feed or production, as applicable, by dividing the average hourly CO2

emission rate during the test by the average hourly feed or production rate during the test.

(iv) You must calculate CO2 emissions for the process by multiplying the emission factor 

by the total amount of feed or production, as applicable, for the reporting period.

(c) You must determine emissions of CO2 from the coke pushing process in mtCO2e by

multiplying the metric tons of coal charged to the by-product recovery and non-recovery coke 

ovens during the reporting period by 0.008.

(d) If GHG emissions from a taconite indurating furnace, basic oxygen furnace, nonrecovery coke oven battery, sinter process, EAF, decarburization vessel, or direct reduction 

furnace are vented through a stack equipped with a CEMS that complies with the Tier 4 

methodology in subpart C of this part, or through the same stack as any combustion unit or 

process equipment that reports CO2 emissions using a CEMS that complies with the Tier 4 

Calculation Methodology in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel Combustion 

Sources), then the calculation methodology in paragraph (b) of this section shall not be used to 

calculate process emissions. The owner or operator shall report under this subpart the combined 

stack emissions according to the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology in §98.33(a)(4) and comply 

with all associated requirements for Tier 4 in subpart C of this part (General Stationary Fuel 

Combustion Sources).

§98.174 Monitoring and QA/QC requirements.

(a) If you operate and maintain a CEMS that measures CO2 emissions consistent with 

subpart C of this part, you must meet the monitoring and QA/QC requirements of §98.34(c).
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(b) If you determine CO2 emissions using the carbon mass balance procedure in 

§98.173(b)(1), you must:

(1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the mass of each 

process input and output other than fuels using the same plant instruments or procedures that are 

used for accounting purposes (such as weigh hoppers, belt weigh feeders, weighed purchased 

quantities in shipments or containers, combination of bulk density and volume measurements, 

etc.), record the totals for each process input and output for each calendar month, and sum the 

monthly mass to determine the annual mass for each process input and output. Determine the 

mass rate of fuels using the procedures for combustion units in §98.34. No determination of the 

mass of steel output from decarburization vessels is required.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, determine the carbon content 

of each process input and output annually for use in the applicable equations in §98.173(b)(1) 

based on analyses provided by the supplier or by the average carbon content determined by

collecting and analyzing at least three samples each year using the standard methods specified in 

paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (b)(2)(vi) of this section as applicable.

(i) ASTM C25-06, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, 

Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) for limestone, dolomite, 

and slag.

(ii) ASTM D5373-08 Standard Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of Carbon, 

Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Laboratory Samples of Coal (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) 

for coal, coke, and other carbonaceous materials.
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(iii) ASTM E1915-07a, Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores and 

Related Materials by Combustion Infrared-Absorption Spectrometry (incorporated by reference, 

see §98.7) for iron ore, taconite pellets, and other iron-bearing materials.

(iv) ASTM E1019-08, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, 

Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys by Various Combustion and 

Fusion Techniques (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) for iron and ferrous scrap.

(v) ASM CS-104 UNS No. G10460—Alloy Digest April 1985 (Carbon Steel of Medium 

Carbon Content) (incorporated by reference, see §98.7); ISO/TR 15349-1:1998, Unalloyed 

steel—Determination of low carbon content, Part 1: Infrared absorption method after combustion 

in an electric resistance furnace (by peak separation) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by

reference, see §98.7); or ISO/TR 15349-3:1998, Unalloyed steel-Determination of low carbon 

content Part 3: Infrared absorption method after combustion in an electric resistance furnace 

(with preheating) (1998-10-15) First Edition (incorporated by reference, see §98.7) as applicable 

for steel.

(vi) For each process input that is a fuel, determine the carbon content and molecular 

weight (if applicable) using the applicable methods listed in §98.34.

(3) For solid ferrous materials charged to basic oxygen process furnaces or EAFs that 

differ in carbon content, you may determine a weighted average carbon content based on the 

carbon content of each type of ferrous material and the average weight percent of each type that 

is used. Examples of these different ferrous materials include carbon steel, low carbon steel, 

stainless steel, high alloy steel, pig iron, iron scrap, and direct reduced iron.
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(4) If you document that a specific process input or output contributes less than one 

percent of the total mass of carbon into or out of the process, you do not have to determine the 

monthly mass or annual carbon content of that input or output.

(5) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, you must determine the annual 

carbon content and monthly mass rate of any input or output that contains carbon that is not 

listed in the equations in §98.173(b)(1) using the procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) and (b)(2) of 

this section.

(c) If you determine CO2 emissions using the site-specific emission factor procedure in 

§98.173(b)(2), you must:

(1) Conduct an annual performance test that is based on representative performance (i.e., 

performance based on normal operating conditions) of the affected process.

(2)(i) For the exhaust from basic oxygen furnaces, EAFs, decarburization vessels, and 

direct reduction furnaces, sample the furnace exhaust for at least three complete production 

cycles that start when the furnace is being charged and end after steel or iron and slag have been 

tapped. For EAFs that produce both carbon steel and stainless or specialty (low carbon) steel, 

develop an emission factor for the production of both types of steel.

(ii) For the exhaust from continuously charged EAFs, sample the exhaust for a period 

spanning at least three hours. For EAFs that produce both carbon steel and stainless or specialty 

(low carbon) steel, develop an emission factor for the production of both types of steel.

(3) For taconite indurating furnaces, non-recovery coke batteries, and sinter processes, 

sample for at least 3 hours.

(4) Conduct the stack test using EPA Method 3A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-2 to 

measure the CO2 concentration, Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, or 2F at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1 
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or Method 26 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-2 to determine the stack gas volumetric flow rate, 

and Method 4 at 40 CFR part 60, at appendix A-3 to determine the moisture content of the stack 

gas.

(5) Determine the mass rate of process feed or process production (as applicable) during 

the test using the same plant instruments or procedures that are used for accounting purposes 

(such as weigh hoppers, belt weigh feeders, combination of bulk density and volume 

measurements, etc.)

(6) If your process operates under different conditions as part of normal operations in 

such a manner that CO2 emissions change by more than 20 percent (e.g., routine changes in the 

carbon content of the sinter feed or change in grade of product), you must perform emission 

testing and develop separate emission factors for these different operating conditions and 

determine emissions based on the number of hours the process operates and the production or 

feed rate (as applicable) at each specific different condition.

(7) If your EAF and decarburization vessel exhaust to a common emission control device 

and stack, you must sample each process in the ducts before the emissions are combined, sample 

each process when only one process is operating, or sample the combined emissions when both 

processes are operating and base the site-specific emission factor on the steel production rate of 

the EAF.

(8) The results of a performance test must include the analysis of samples, determination 

of emissions, and raw data. The performance test report must contain all information and data 

used to derive the emission factor.

(d) For a coke pushing process, determine the metric tons of coal charged to the coke 

ovens and record the totals for each pushing process for each calendar month. Coal charged to 
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coke ovens can be measured using weigh belts or a combination of measuring volume and bulk 

density.

§98.175 Procedures for estimating missing data.

A complete record of all measured parameters used in the GHG emissions calculations in 

§98.173 is required. Therefore, whenever a quality-assured value of a required parameter is 

unavailable, a substitute data value for the missing parameter shall be used in the calculations as 

specified in the paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. You must follow the missing data 

procedures in §98.255(b) of subpart Y (Petroleum Refineries) of this part for flares burning coke 

oven gas or blast furnace gas. You must document and keep records of the procedures used for 

all such estimates.

(a) Except as provided in §98.174(b)(4), 100 percent data availability is required for the 

carbon content of inputs and outputs for facilities that estimate emissions using the carbon mass 

balance procedure in §98.173(b)(1) or facilities that estimate emissions using the site-specific 

emission factor procedure in §98.173(b)(2).

(b) For missing records of the monthly mass or volume of carbon-containing inputs and 

outputs using the carbon mass balance procedure in §98.173(b)(1), the substitute data value must 

be based on the best available estimate of the mass of the input or output material from all 

available process data or data used for accounting purposes.

§ 98.176 Data reporting requirements.

In addition to the information required by § 98.3(c), each annual report must contain the 

information required in paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section for each coke pushing 

operation; taconite indurating furnace; basic oxygen furnace; non-recovery coke oven battery; 

sinter process; EAF; decarburization vessel; direct reduction furnace; and flare burning coke 
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oven gas or blast furnace gas. For reporting year 2010, the information required in paragraphs (a) 

through (h) of this section is not required for decarburization vessels that are not argon-oxygen 

decarburization vessels. For reporting year 2011 and each subsequent reporting year, the 

information in paragraphs (a) through (h) of this section must be reported for all decarburization 

vessels.

(a) Unit identification number and annual CO2 emissions (in metric tons).

(b) If a CEMS is used to measure CO2 emissions, then you must report the annual 

production quantity for the production unit (in metric tons) for taconite pellets, coke, sinter, iron, 

and raw steel.

(c) If a CEMS is used to measure CO2 emissions, then you must report the relevant 

information required under § 98.36 for the Tier 4 Calculation Methodology.

(d) If a CEMS is not used to measure CO2 emissions, then you must report for each 

process whether the emissions were determined using the carbon mass balance method in § 

98.173(b)(1) or the site-specific emission factor method in § 98.173(b)(2).

(e) If you use the carbon mass balance method in § 98.173(b)(1) to determine CO2

emissions, you must, except as provided in § 98.174(b)(4), report the following information for 

each process:

(1) Reserved.

(2) Whether the carbon content was determined from information from the supplier or by

laboratory analysis, and if by laboratory analysis, the method used.

(3) Reserved.

(4) Reserved.
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(5) If you used the missing data procedures in § 98.175(b), you must report how the 

monthly mass for each process input or output with missing data was determined and the number 

of months the missing data procedures were used.

(6) The information specified in paragraphs (e)(6)(i) through (vi) of this section 

aggregated for all process units for which CO2 emissions were determined using the mass 

balance method in § 98.173(b)(1), except as provided in § 98.174(b)(4). 

(i) The annual mass (metric tons) of all gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels (combined) used 

in process units for which CO2 emissions were determined using Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of 

§98.173, calculated as specified in Equation Q-9 of this section.

 = ∑ , ∗





∗ 0.001 + , ∗ , ∗ 0.001 + ,





(Eq. Q-9)

Where:

Fuel = Annual mass of all gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels used in process units 

(metric tons).

n = Number of process units where fuel is used.

Fg,i = Annual volume of gaseous fuel combusted (“(Fg)” in Equations Q-1, Q-4 and 

Q-7 of this section) for each process (scf).

MWi = Molecular weight of gaseous fuel used in each process (kg/kg-mole).

MVC = Molar volume conversion factor at standard conditions, as defined in § 98.6. 

Use 849.5 scf per kg mole if you select 68 °F as standard temperature and 

836.6 scf per kg mole if you select 60 °F as standard temperature.

Fl,i = Annual volume of the liquid fuel combusted (“(Fl)” included in Equation Q-1 

of this section) for each process unit (gallons).

Fs,i = Annual mass of the solid fuel combusted (“(Fs)” in Equation Q-1 of this 

section) for each process unit (metric tons). 

ρl,i = Density of the liquid fuel (kg/gallon).

0.001 = Conversion factor from kg to metric tons.

(ii) The annual mass (metric tons) of all non-fuel material inputs (combined) specified in 

Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of §98.173, calculated as specified in Equation Q-10 of this section.
Page 20 of 39

 = ∑ 

 +  +  +  +  +  + 

+  +  +  + h 





(Eq. Q-10)

Where:

NFI = Annual mass of all non-fuel inputs (to all process unit types) specified in 

Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of §98.173 (metric tons).

n = Number of process units, all process types.

O = Annual mass of greenball (taconite) pellets fed to the taconite furnace(s) 

(metric tons).

Iron = Annual mass of molten iron charged to the basic oxygen furnace(s) plus 

annual mass of direct reduced iron charged to the EAF(s) (metric tons).

Scrap = Annual mass of ferrous scrap charged to the basic oxygen furnace(s) and 

EAF(s) (metric tons).

Flux = Annual mass of flux materials charged to the basic oxygen furnace(s) and 

EAF(s) (metric tons).

Carbon = Annual mass of carbonaceous materials (e.g., coal, coke) charged to the basic 

oxygen furnace(s), EAF(s), and direct reduction furnace(s) (metric tons).

Coal = Annual mass of coal charged to the coke oven battery(s) (metric tons).

Feed = Annual mass of sinter feed material charged to the sinter process(es) (metric 

tons).

Electrode = Annual mass of carbon electrode consumed in the EAF(s) (metric tons).

Steelin = Annual mass of molten steel charged to the decarburization vessels (metric 

tons).

Ore = Annual mass of iron ore or iron ore pellets fed to the direct reduction 

furnace(s) (metric tons).

Other = Annual mass of other materials charged to the direction reduction furnace(s) 

(metric tons).

(iii) The annual mass (metric tons) of all solid and liquid products and byproducts 

(combined) specified in Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of §98.173, calculated as specified in 

Equation Q-11 of this section.

 = ∑ ( +  +  +  +  +  +  + )





(Eq. Q-11)

Where:
Page 21 of 39

Products = Annual mass of all solid and liquid products and by-products (from all 

process units) specified in Equations Q-1 through Q-7 of §98.173 (metric 

tons).

n = Number of process units, all types.

P = Annual mass of fired pellets produced by the taconite furnace (metric tons).

R = Annual mass of air pollution control residue from all process units (metric 

tons).

Steelout = Annual mass of steel produced by the basic oxygen furnace(s), EAF(s) and 

decarburization vessel(s) (metric tons).

Slag = Annual mass of slag produced by the basic oxygen furnace(s) and EAF(s) 

(metric tons).

Coke = Annual mass of coke produced by the non-recovery coke batteries (metric 

tons).

Sinter = Annual mass of sinter produced from the sinter process(es) (metric tons).

Iron = Annual mass of iron produced from the direct reduction furnace (metric 

tons).

NM = Annual mass of non-metallic materials produced by the direct reduction 

furnace (metric tons).

(iv) The weighted average carbon content of all gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels 

(combined) included in Equation Q-9 of this section, calculated as specified in Equation Q-12 of 

this section.

 =

∑ (,





∗



∗,∗.,∗,∗. ,∗)



(Eq. Q-12)

Where:

CFavg = Weighted average carbon content of all gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels 

included in Equation Q-9 of this section (weight fraction).

n = Number of gaseous, liquid, and solid fuel inputs to each process unit as used 

in Equation Q-9.

Cgf,i = Average carbon content of the gaseous fuel used in each process, from the 

fuel analysis results (kg C per kg of fuel).

Clf,i = Carbon content of the liquid fuel used in each process, from the fuel analysis 

results (kg C per gallon of fuel.
Page 22 of 39

Csf = Carbon content of the solid fuel used in each process, from the fuel analysis 

(expressed as a decimal fraction, e.g., 95% = 0.95).

Fuel = Annual mass of all gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels used in process units 

(metric tons), as calculated in Equation Q-9.

(v) The weighted average carbon content of all non-fuel inputs to all process units 

(combined) included in Equation Q-10 of this section, calculated as specified in Equation Q-13 

of this section.

 =

∑ ∗









(Eq. Q-13)

Where:

CIavg = Weighted average carbon content of all non-fuel inputs to all process units 

included in Equation Q-10 of this section (weight fraction).

n = Number of non-fuel inputs to all process units as used in Equation Q-10.

NFIi = Annual mass of each non-fuel input used in Equation Q-10 (metric tons).

CNFIi = Average carbon content of each non-fuel input used in Equation Q-10 

(expressed as a decimal fraction).

NFI = Total of all non-fuel inputs to all process units (metric tons).

(vi) The weighted average carbon content of all solid and liquid products and byproducts 

from all process units (combined) included in Equation Q-11 of this section, calculated as 

specified in Equation Q-14 of this section.

 =

∑ ∗









(Eq. Q-14)

Where:

CPavg = Weighted average carbon content of all solid and liquid products and 

byproducts from all process units (weight fraction).

n = Number of products and byproducts from each process unit as used in 

Equation Q-11 of this section.
Page 23 of 39

Producti = Annual mass of each product or byproduct used in Equation Q-11 of this 

section (metric tons).

Cp,i = Average carbon content of each product or byproduct used in Equation Q-11 

of this section (expressed as a decimal fraction).

Products = Mass of all products and byproducts from all process units, 

calculated in Equation Q-11 of this section (metric tons).

(f) If you used the site-specific emission factor method in § 98.173(b)(2) to determine 

CO2 emissions, you must report the following information for each process:

(1) The measured average hourly CO2 emission rate during the test (in metric tons per 

hour).

(2) Reserved.

(3) Reserved.

(4) Reserved.

(g) Reserved.

(h) For flares burning coke oven gas or blast furnace gas, the information specified in § 

98.256(e) of subpart Y (Petroleum Refineries) of this part.

§ 98.177 Records that must be retained.

In addition to the records required by § 98.3(g), you must retain the records specified in 

paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section, as applicable. Facilities that use CEMS to measure 

emissions must also retain records of the verification data required for the Tier 4 Calculating 

Methodology in § 98.36(e).

(a) Records of all analyses and calculations conducted, including all information reported 

as required under § 98.176.
Page 24 of 39

(b) When the carbon mass balance method is used to estimate emissions for a process, the 

monthly mass of each process input and output that are used to determine the annual mass, 

except that no determination of the mass of steel output from decarburization vessels is required.

(c) Production capacity (in metric tons per year) for the production of taconite pellets, 

coke, sinter, iron, and raw steel.

(d) Annual operating hours for each taconite indurating furnace, basic oxygen furnace, 

non-recovery coke oven battery, sinter process, electric arc furnace, decarburization vessel, and 

direct reduction furnace.

(e) Facilities must keep records that include a detailed explanation of how company

records or measurements are used to determine all sources of carbon input and output and the 

metric tons of coal charged to the coke ovens (e.g., weigh belts, a combination of measuring 

volume and bulk density). You also must document the procedures used to ensure the accuracy

of the measurements of fuel usage including, but not limited to, calibration of weighing 

equipment, fuel flow meters, coal usage including, but not limited to, calibration of weighing 

equipment and other measurement devices. The estimated accuracy of measurements made with 

these devices must also be recorded, and the technical basis for these estimates must be provided.

(f) Verification software records. You must keep a record of the file generated by the 

verification software specified in § 98.5(b) for the applicable data specified in paragraphs (f)(1) 

through (9) of this section. Retention of this file satisfies the recordkeeping requirement for the 

data in paragraphs (f)(1) through (9) of this section.

(1) The data in paragraphs (f)(1)(i) through (f)(1)(xxv) of this section for each applicable 

taconite indurating furnace for which the carbon mass balance method of reporting is used.

(i) Annual mass of each solid fuel (metric tons) (Equation Q-1 of §98.173).
Page 25 of 39

(ii) Carbon content of each solid fuel, from the fuel analysis (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(iii) Annual volume of each gaseous fuel (scf) (Equation Q-1).

(iv) Average carbon content of each gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per 

kg of fuel) (Equation Q-1).

(v) Molecular weight of each gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole) (Equation Q-1).

(vi) Annual volume of each liquid fuel (gallons) (Equation Q-1).

(vii) Carbon content of each liquid fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per gallon of 

fuel) (Equation Q-1).

(viii) Annual mass of the greenball (taconite) pellets fed to the furnace (metric tons) 

(Equation Q-1).

(ix) Carbon content of the greenball (taconite) pellets, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(x) Annual mass of fired pellets produced by the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xi) Carbon content of the fired pellets, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(xii) Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xiii) Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(xiv) Annual mass of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace (metric 

tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xv) Carbon content of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).
Page 26 of 39

(xvi) Annual mass of each other solid output containing carbon produced by each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xvii) Carbon content of each other solid output containing carbon (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(xviii) Annual mass of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xix) Carbon content of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(xx) Annual mass of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xxi) Carbon content of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(xxii) Annual mass of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xxiii) Carbon content of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(xxiv) Annual mass of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-1).

(xxv) Carbon content of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-1).

(2) The data in paragraphs (f)(2)(i) through (xxvi) of this section for each applicable basic 

oxygen process furnace for which the carbon mass balance method of reporting is used.
Page 27 of 39

(i) Annual mass of molten iron charged to the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-2 of 

§98.173).

(ii) Carbon content of the molten iron charged to the furnace, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(iii) Annual mass of ferrous scrap charged to the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(iv) Carbon content of the ferrous scrap charged to the furnace, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(v) Annual mass of the flux materials (e.g., limestone, dolomite) charged to the furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(vi) Carbon content of the flux materials charged to the furnace, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(vii) Annual mass of the carbonaceous materials (e.g., coal, coke) charged to the furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(viii) Carbon content of the carbonaceous materials charged to the furnace, from the 

carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(ix) Annual mass of molten raw steel produced by the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q2).

(x) Carbon content of the steel produced by the furnace, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(xi) Annual mass of slag produced by the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(xii) Carbon content of the slag produced by the furnace, from the carbon analysis 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).
Page 28 of 39

(xiii) Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected for the furnace (metric tons) 

(Equation Q-2).

(xiv) Carbon content of the air pollution control residue collected for the furnace, from 

the carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(xv) Annual mass of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace (metric 

tons) (Equation Q-2).

(xvi) Carbon content of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(xvii) Annual mass of each other solid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(xviii) Carbon content of each other solid output containing carbon (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(xix) Annual mass of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(xx) Carbon content of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(xxi) Annual mass of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(xxii) Carbon content of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(xxiii) Annual mass of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-2).
Page 29 of 39

(xxiv) Carbon content of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(xxv) Annual mass of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-2).

(xxvi) Carbon content of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-2).

(3) The data in paragraphs (f)(3)(i) through (xviii) of this section for each applicable nonrecovery coke oven battery for which the carbon mass balance method of reporting is used.

(i) Annual mass of coal charged to the battery (metric tons) (Equation Q-3 of §98.173).

(ii) Carbon content of the coal, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(iii) Annual mass of coke produced by the battery (metric tons) (Equation Q-3).

(iv) Carbon content of the coke, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(v) Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons) (Equation Q-3).

(vi) Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(vii) Annual mass of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each battery (metric 

tons) (Equation Q-3).

(viii) Carbon content of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each battery

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(ix) Annual mass of each other solid output containing carbon produced by each battery

(metric tons) (Equation Q-3).
Page 30 of 39

(x) Carbon content of each other solid output containing carbon (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(xi) Annual mass of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each battery

(metric tons) (Equation Q-3).

(xii) Carbon content of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each battery

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(xiii) Annual mass of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

battery (metric tons) (Equation Q-3).

(xiv) Carbon content of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

battery (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(xv) Annual mass of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each battery (metric 

tons) (Equation Q-3).

(xvi) Carbon content of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each battery

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(xvii) Annual mass of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

battery (metric tons) (Equation Q-3).

(xviii) Carbon content of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

battery (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-3).

(4) The data in paragraphs (f)(4)(i) through (xxi) of this section for each applicable sinter 

process for which the carbon mass balance method of reporting is used.

(i) Annual volume of the gaseous fuel (scf) (Equation Q-4 of §98.173).

(ii) Carbon content of the gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per kg of fuel) 

(Equation Q-4).
Page 31 of 39

(iii) Molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole) (Equation Q-4).

(iv) Annual mass of sinter feed material (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(v) Carbon content of the mixed sinter feed materials that form the bed entering the 

sintering machine, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation 

Q-4).

(vi) Annual mass of sinter produced (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(vii) Carbon content of the sinter pellets, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).

(viii) Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(ix) Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).

(x) Annual mass of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each sinter process

(metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(xi) Carbon content of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each sinter process

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).

(xii) Annual mass of each other solid output containing carbon produced by each sinter 

process (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(xiii) Carbon content of each other solid output containing carbon (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).

(xiv) Annual mass of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each sinter 

process (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(xv) Carbon content of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each sinter 

process (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).
Page 32 of 39

(xvi) Annual mass of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

sinter process (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(xvii) Carbon content of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

sinter process (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).

(xviii) Annual mass of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each sinter 

process (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(xix) Carbon content of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each sinter 

process (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).

(xx) Annual mass of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each sinter 

process (metric tons) (Equation Q-4).

(xxi) Carbon content of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

sinter process (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-4).

(5) The data in paragraphs (f)(5)(i) through (xxxi) of this section for each applicable 

electric arc furnace for which the carbon mass balance method of reporting is used.

(i) Annual mass of direct reduced iron (if any) charged to the furnace (metric tons) 

(Equation Q-5 of §98.173).

(ii) Carbon content of the direct reduced iron, from the carbon analysis results (expressed 

as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5)

(iii) Annual mass of ferrous scrap charged to the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(iv) Carbon content of the ferrous scrap, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(v) Annual mass of flux materials (e.g., limestone, dolomite) charged to the furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-5).
Page 33 of 39

(vi) Carbon content of the flux materials, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(vii) Annual mass of carbon electrode consumed (metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(viii) Carbon content of the carbon electrode, from the carbon analysis results (expressed 

as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(ix) Annual mass of carbonaceous materials (e.g., coal, coke) charged to the furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(x) Carbon content of the carbonaceous materials, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xi) Annual mass of molten raw steel produced by the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q5).

(xii) Carbon content of the steel, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xiii) Annual volume of the gaseous fuel (scf at 60F and 1 atm) (Equation Q-5).

(xiv) Average carbon content of the gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per 

kg of fuel) (Equation Q-5).

(xv) Molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole) (Equation Q-5).

(xvi) Annual mass of slag produced by the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(xvii) Carbon content of the slag, from the carbon analysis (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xviii) Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons) (Equation Q5).
Page 34 of 39

(xix) Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xx) Annual mass of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace (metric 

tons) (Equation Q-5).

(xxi) Carbon content of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xxii) Annual mass of each other solid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(xxiii) Carbon content of each other solid output containing carbon (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xxiv) Annual mass of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(xxv) Carbon content of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xxvi) Annual mass of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(xxvii) Carbon content of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(xxviii) Annual mass of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(xxix) Carbon content of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).
Page 35 of 39

(xxx) Annual mass of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-5).

(xxxi) Carbon content of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-5).

(6) The data in paragraphs (f)(6)(i) through (xvii) of this section for each applicable 

decarburization vessel for which the carbon mass balance method of reporting is used.

(i) Annual mass of molten steel charged to the vessel (metric tons) (Equation Q-6 of 

§98.173).

(ii) Carbon content of the molten steel before decarburization, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(iii) Carbon content of the molten steel after decarburization, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(iv) Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons) (Equation Q-6).

(v) Carbon content of the air pollution control residue, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(vi) Annual mass of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each decarburization 

vessel (metric tons) (Equation Q-6).

(vii) Carbon content of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each 

decarburization vessel (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(viii) Annual mass of each other solid output containing carbon produced by each 

decarburization vessel (metric tons) (Equation Q-6).

(ix) Carbon content of each other solid output containing carbon (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-6).
Page 36 of 39

(x) Annual mass of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each 

decarburization vessel (metric tons) (Equation Q-6).

(xi) Carbon content of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each 

decarburization vessel (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(xii) Annual mass of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

decarburization vessel (metric tons) (Equation Q-6).

(xiii) Carbon content of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

decarburization vessel (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(xiv) Annual mass of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each 

decarburization vessel (metric tons) (Equation Q-6).

(xv) Carbon content of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each 

decarburization vessel (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(xvi) Annual mass of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

decarburization vessel (metric tons) (Equation Q-6).

(xvii) Carbon content of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

decarburization vessel (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-6).

(7) The data in paragraphs (f)(7)(i) through (xxvii) of this section for each applicable 

direct reduction furnace for which the carbon mass balance method of reporting is used.

(i) Annual volume of the gaseous fuel (scf at 68F and 1 atm) (Equation Q-7 of §98.173).

(ii) Average carbon content of the gaseous fuel, from the fuel analysis results (kg C per 

kg of fuel) (Equation Q-7).

(iii) Molecular weight of the gaseous fuel (kg/kg-mole) (Equation Q-7).
Page 37 of 39

(iv) Annual mass of iron ore or iron pellets fed to the furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q7).

(v) Carbon content of the iron ore or iron pellets, from the carbon analysis (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(vi) Annual mass of carbonaceous materials (e.g., coal, coke) charged to the furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-7).

(vii) Carbon content of the carbonaceous materials, from the carbon analysis results 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(viii) Annual mass of each other material charged to the furnace (metric tons) (Equation 

Q-7).

(ix) Average carbon content of each other material charged to the furnace, from the 

carbon analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(x) Annual mass of iron produced (metric tons) (Equation Q-7).

(xi) Carbon content of the iron produced, from the carbon analysis results (expressed as a 

decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(xii) Annual mass of non-metallic materials produced by the furnace (metric tons) 

(Equation Q-7).

(xiii) Carbon content of the non-metallic materials produced, from the carbon analysis 

results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(xiv) Annual mass of air pollution control residue collected (metric tons) (Equation Q-7).

(xv) Carbon content of the air pollution control residue collected, from the carbon 

analysis results (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).
Page 38 of 39

(xvi) Annual mass of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace (metric 

tons) (Equation Q-7).

(xvii) Carbon content of each other solid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(xviii) Annual mass of each other solid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-7).

(xix) Carbon content of each other solid output containing carbon (expressed as a decimal 

fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(xx) Annual mass of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-7).

(xxi) Carbon content of each other gaseous input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(xxii) Annual mass of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-7).

(xxiii) Carbon content of each other gaseous output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(xxiv) Annual mass of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(metric tons) (Equation Q-7).

(xxv) Carbon content of each other liquid input containing carbon fed to each furnace 

(expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(xxvi) Annual mass of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (metric tons) (Equation Q-7).
Page 39 of 39

(xxvii) Carbon content of each other liquid output containing carbon produced by each 

furnace (expressed as a decimal fraction) (Equation Q-7).

(8) The data in paragraphs (f)(8)(i) and (ii) of this section for each process unit for which 

the site-specific emission factor method was used.

(i) Average hourly feed or production rate, as applicable, during the test (metric 

tons/hour) (as used in § 98.173(b)(2)(iii)).

(ii) Annual total feed or production, as applicable (metric tons) (as used in § 

98.173(b)(2)(iv)).

(9) Total coal charged to the coke ovens for each process (metric tons/year)(as used in § 

98.173(c)).

§98.178 Definitions.

All terms used in this subpart have the same meaning given in the Clean Air Act and 

subpart A of this part.