# Patent

## Title
Group delay calibration of RF envelope tracking

## Abstract

An RF communications system, which includes an RF power amplifier, an envelope tracking power supply, and supply control circuitry, is disclosed. The RF communications system operates in one of a normal operation mode and a calibration mode. During the calibration mode, the RF power amplifier receives and amplifies an RF input signal to provide an RF transmit signal using an envelope power supply signal, which is provided by the envelope tracking power supply. Further, the supply control circuitry controls the envelope tracking power supply to cause a sharp transition of the envelope power supply signal when a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal transitions through a setpoint threshold of the envelope power supply signal.

## Background
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/019,530 filed Jul. 1, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.


FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to switching power supplies, analog power supplies, and radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers, any or all of which may be used in RF communications systems.
BACKGROUND
As wireless communications technologies evolve, wireless communications systems become increasingly sophisticated. As such, wireless communications protocols continue to expand and change to take advantage of the technological evolution. As a result, to maximize flexibility, many wireless communications devices must be capable of supporting any number of wireless communications protocols, each of which may have certain performance requirements, such as specific out-of-band emissions requirements, linearity requirements, or the like. Further, portable wireless communications devices are typically battery powered and need to be relatively small, and have low cost. As such, to minimize size, cost, and power consumption, RF circuitry in such a device needs to be as simple, small, and efficient as is practical. Thus, there is a need for RF circuitry in a communications device that is low cost, small, simple, and efficient.
SUMMARY
An RF communications system, which includes an RF power amplifier, an envelope tracking power supply, and supply control circuitry, is disclosed according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The RF communications system operates in one of a normal operation mode and a calibration mode. During the calibration mode, the RF power amplifier receives and amplifies an RF input signal to provide an RF transmit signal using an envelope power supply signal, which is provided by the envelope tracking power supply. Further, the supply control circuitry controls the envelope tracking power supply to cause a sharp transition of the envelope power supply signal when a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal transitions through a setpoint threshold of the envelope power supply signal.
By sharply transitioning the envelope power supply signal during the calibration mode, a delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal and the RF input signal may be more accurately determined, thereby improving alignment of an envelope of the RF transmit signal with the envelope power supply signal during the normal operation mode. In one embodiment of the envelope power supply signal, a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the sharp transition is greater than a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the normal operation mode.
Certain emerging wireless communications protocols require increasingly larger modulation bandwidths of RF transmit signals. Such modulation bandwidths may impose increasingly tight alignment requirements between an RF transmit signal and an envelope power supply signal. Therefore, there is a need for calibration techniques to accurately align the envelope power supply signal with the RF transmit signal.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the disclosure and realize additional aspects thereof after reading the following detailed description in association with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 shows an RF communications system according to one embodiment of the RF communications system.
FIG. 2 shows the RF communications system according to an alternate embodiment of the RF communications system.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating an RF transmit signal and an envelope power supply signal shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, according to one embodiment of the RF transmit signal and the envelope power supply signal.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphs illustrating an envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal shown in FIG. 1 during a normal operation mode, according to one embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal, respectively.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal shown in FIG. 1 during a calibration mode, according to one embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal, respectively.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal shown in FIG. 1 during the calibration mode, according to an alternate embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal, respectively.
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating sensitivity of an RF feedback circuit to delay mismatch between the RF transmit signal and the envelope power supply signal according to one embodiment of the RF feedback circuit.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal shown in FIG. 1 during the calibration mode, according to an additional embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal, respectively.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal shown in FIG. 1 during the calibration mode, according to another embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal and the envelope power supply signal, respectively.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are graphs illustrating transition times of the envelope power supply signal during a sharp transition from a target magnitude to a setpoint threshold and during a sharp transition from the setpoint threshold to the target magnitude, respectively, according to one embodiment of the envelope power supply signal.
FIG. 11 illustrates a process for calibrating the RF communications system illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to one embodiment of the RF communications system.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure and illustrate the best mode of practicing the disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the disclosure and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
An RF communications system, which includes an RF power amplifier, an envelope tracking power supply, and supply control circuitry, is disclosed according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The RF communications system operates in one of a normal operation mode and a calibration mode. During the calibration mode, the RF power amplifier receives and amplifies an RF input signal to provide an RF transmit signal using an envelope power supply signal, which is provided by the envelope tracking power supply. Further, the supply control circuitry controls the envelope tracking power supply to cause a sharp transition of the envelope power supply signal when a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal transitions through a setpoint threshold of the envelope power supply signal.
By sharply transitioning the envelope power supply signal during the calibration mode, a delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal and the RF input signal may be more accurately determined, thereby improving alignment of an envelope of the RF transmit signal with the envelope power supply signal during the normal operation mode. In one embodiment of the envelope power supply signal, a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the sharp transition is greater than a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the normal operation mode.
Certain emerging wireless communications protocols require increasingly larger modulation bandwidths of RF transmit signals. Such modulation bandwidths may impose increasingly tight alignment requirements between an RF transmit signal and an envelope power supply signal. Therefore, there is a need for calibration techniques to accurately align the envelope power supply signal with the RF transmit signal.
For example, with certain wireless local area network (WLAN) protocols, the RF transmit signal and the envelope power supply signal need to be aligned within 1.0 nanoseconds, or less. With certain multiple carrier long term evolution (LTE) protocols, the RF transmit signal and the envelope power supply signal need to be aligned within 0.5 nanoseconds, or less. With certain high frequency WLAN protocols, the RF transmit signal and the envelope power supply signal need to be aligned within 0.25 nanoseconds, or less.
FIG. 1 shows an RF communications system 10 according to one embodiment of the RF communications system 10. The RF communications system 10 includes RF transmitter circuitry 12, RF system control circuitry 14, RF front-end circuitry 16, an RF antenna 18, and a DC power source 20. The RF transmitter circuitry 12 includes an envelope tracking integrated circuit (ETIC) 22, an RF power amplifier (RF PA) 24, and an RF feedback circuit 26. The ETIC 22 includes supply control circuitry 28 and an envelope tracking power supply 30. The RF system control circuitry 14 includes delay calibration data 32.
In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, the RF front-end circuitry 16 receives via the RF antenna 18, processes, and forwards an RF receive signal RFR to the RF system control circuitry 14. The RF system control circuitry 14 provides an envelope power supply control signal VRMP and a transmitter configuration signal PACS to the supply control circuitry 28. The RF system control circuitry 14 provides an RF input signal RFI to the RF PA 24. The DC power source 20 provides a DC source signal VDC to the envelope tracking power supply 30. The DC source signal VDC has a DC source voltage DCV. In one embodiment of the DC power source 20, the DC power source 20 is a battery.
The supply control circuitry 28 is coupled to the envelope tracking power supply 30. The envelope tracking power supply 30 provides an envelope power supply signal EPS to the RF PA 24 based on the envelope power supply control signal VRMP. The envelope power supply signal EPS has an envelope power supply voltage EPV. The DC source signal VDC provides power to the envelope tracking power supply 30. As such, the envelope power supply signal EPS is based on the DC source signal VDC. The envelope power supply control signal VRMP is representative of a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS. The RF PA 24 receives and amplifies the RF input signal RFI to provide an RF transmit signal RFT using the envelope power supply signal EPS. The envelope power supply signal EPS provides power for amplification. The RF front-end circuitry 16 receives, processes, and transmits the RF transmit signal RFT via the RF antenna 18.
In one embodiment of the RF feedback circuit 26, the RF feedback circuit 26 receives the RF transmit signal RFT and provides an RF feedback signal RFF to the RF system control circuitry 14 based on the RF transmit signal RFT. In one embodiment of the RF feedback circuit 26, the RF feedback circuit 26 comprises an RF detector, such that the RF feedback signal RFF is based on detecting the RF transmit signal RFT. In an alternate embodiment of the RF feedback circuit 26, the RF feedback circuit 26 comprises an RF attenuator, such that the RF feedback signal RFF is based on attenuating the RF transmit signal RFT. In one embodiment of the RF transmitter circuitry 12, the supply control circuitry 28 configures the RF transmitter circuitry 12 based on the transmitter configuration signal PACS.
In one embodiment of the RF front-end circuitry 16, the RF front-end circuitry 16 includes at least one RF switch, at least one RF amplifier, at least one RF filter, at least one RF duplexer, at least one RF diplexer, the like, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment of the RF system control circuitry 14, the RF system control circuitry 14 is RF transceiver circuitry, which may include an RF transceiver IC, baseband controller circuitry, the like, or any combination thereof.
In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, the RF communications system 10 operates in one of a normal operation mode and a calibration mode. In one embodiment of the RF system control circuitry 14, during the normal operation mode and during the calibration mode, the RF system control circuitry 14 provides the RF input signal RFI and the envelope power supply control signal VRMP, such that the RF PA 24 receives and amplifies the RF input signal RFI to provide the RF transmit signal RFT using the envelope power supply signal EPS, which is based on the envelope power supply control signal VRMP.
In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, during the calibration mode, the RF system control circuitry 14 measures a delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI using the RF feedback signal RFF. As such, the RF feedback signal RFF is representative of the delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI. In one embodiment of the delay calibration data 32, the delay calibration data 32 is based on the RF feedback signal RFF. In one embodiment of the RF system control circuitry 14, during the calibration mode, the RF system control circuitry 14 provides the RF input signal RFI and the envelope power supply control signal VRMP, such that the RF PA 24 receives and amplifies the RF input signal RFI to provide the RF transmit signal RFT using the envelope power supply signal EPS, which is based on the envelope power supply control signal VRMP.
FIG. 2 shows the RF communications system 10 according to an alternate embodiment of the RF communications system 10. The RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 2 is similar to the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1, except in the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 2; the RF transmitter circuitry 12 further includes a digital communications interface 34, which is coupled between the supply control circuitry 28 and a digital communications bus 36. The digital communications bus 36 is also coupled to the RF system control circuitry 14. As such, the RF system control circuitry 14 provides the envelope power supply control signal VRMP (FIG. 1) and the transmitter configuration signal PACS (FIG. 1) to the supply control circuitry 28 via the digital communications bus 36 and the digital communications interface 34.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, according to one embodiment of the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS. FIG. 3 is described based on the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, the delay calibration data 32 is based on a group delay mismatch between the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS.
In this regard, during the normal operation mode, the RF system control circuitry 14 uses the delay calibration data 32 to approximately align an envelope 38 of the RF transmit signal RFT with the envelope power supply signal EPS as illustrated in FIG. 3. As such, the RF system control circuitry 14 may make timing adjustments to the RF input signal RFI, the envelope power supply control signal VRMP, or both.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 1 during the normal operation mode, according to one embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS, respectively. FIGS. 4A and 4B are described based on the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. The envelope power supply control signal VRMP is representative of a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS. As such, the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B are about phase-aligned with one another. Any group delay in the illustrated embodiments between the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS are not shown. The envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 4B follows the envelope power supply control signal VRMP illustrated in FIG. 4A. Further the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 4B is similar to the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 3.
The envelope power supply control signal VRMP has a control magnitude 40, which correlates with a setpoint magnitude 42 of the envelope power supply signal EPS. Further, during the normal operation mode, the envelope power supply signal EPS has a normal envelope peak 44.
FIGS. 5A and 5B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 1 during the calibration mode, according to one embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS, respectively. FIGS. 5A and 5B are described based on the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. The envelope power supply control signal VRMP is representative of the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS. As such, the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B are about phase-aligned with one another. Any group delay in the illustrated embodiments between the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS are not shown. The envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 5B is based on the envelope power supply control signal VRMP illustrated in FIG. 5A.
A shape of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP illustrated in FIG. 5A is a rough square-wave with sloped transitions. This shape may provide easier detection of delay mismatch between the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS by the RF feedback circuit 26. Due to bandwidth limitations in the envelope tracking power supply 30, a shape of the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIG. 5B has rounded corners. The envelope power supply control signal VRMP has the control magnitude 40, which correlates with a setpoint threshold 46 of the envelope power supply signal EPS. During the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal EPS has a calibration envelope peak 48.
In one embodiment of the envelope power supply signal EPS, a maximum value of the normal envelope peak 44 (FIG. 4B) is about equal to a maximum value of the calibration envelope peak 48. In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, during the calibration mode, the calibration envelope peak 48 has the maximum value of the calibration envelope peak 48. In a first embodiment of the envelope power supply signal EPS, the maximum value of the calibration envelope peak 48 is equal to about 4.5 volts. In a second embodiment of the envelope power supply signal EPS, the maximum value of the calibration envelope peak 48 is between about 5 volts and 6 volts. In a third embodiment of the envelope power supply signal EPS, the maximum value of the calibration envelope peak 48 is between about 4 volts and 5 volts. In a fourth embodiment of the envelope power supply signal EPS, the maximum value of the calibration envelope peak 48 is between about 3 volts and 4 volts.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 1 during the calibration mode, according to an alternate embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS, respectively. FIGS. 6A and 6B are described based on the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1.
The envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, respectively, are similar to the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively, except a shape of the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIG. 6B is modified significantly.
In one embodiment of the supply control circuitry 28, during the calibration mode, when the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS, which is based on the envelope power supply control signal VRMP as illustrated in FIG. 6A, transitions from below a setpoint threshold 46 to above the setpoint threshold 46, the supply control circuitry 28 causes a sharp transition 52 of the envelope power supply signal EPS from a target magnitude 50 of the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS to the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS, as illustrated in FIG. 6B. As such, the target magnitude 50 is less than the setpoint threshold 46.
In one embodiment of the supply control circuitry 28, during the calibration mode, the supply control circuitry 28 controls the envelope tracking power supply 30, such that when the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS transitions from above the setpoint threshold 46 to below the setpoint threshold 46, the supply control circuitry 28 causes a sharp transition 52 of the envelope power supply signal EPS to the target magnitude 50.
In general, in one embodiment of the supply control circuitry 28, during the calibration mode, the supply control circuitry 28 controls the envelope tracking power supply 30, such that when the setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS transitions through the setpoint threshold 46, the supply control circuitry 28 causes the sharp transition 52 of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In one embodiment of the envelope power supply signal EPS, a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal EPS during the sharp transition 52 is greater than a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal EPS during the normal operation mode.
In a first embodiment of the setpoint threshold 46, the setpoint threshold 46 is greater than about fifty percent of an amplitude of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a second embodiment of the setpoint threshold 46, the setpoint threshold 46 is greater than about sixty percent of the amplitude of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a third embodiment of the setpoint threshold 46, the setpoint threshold 46 is greater than about seventy percent of the amplitude of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a fourth embodiment of the setpoint threshold 46, the setpoint threshold 46 is greater than about eighty percent of the amplitude of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In one embodiment of the setpoint threshold 46, selection of the setpoint threshold 46 is based on providing sufficient sensitivity of a delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI.
In a first embodiment of the target magnitude 50, the target magnitude 50 is less than about 500 millivolts. In a second embodiment of the target magnitude 50, the target magnitude 50 is less than about 400 millivolts. In a third embodiment of the target magnitude 50, the target magnitude 50 is less than about 300 millivolts. In a fourth embodiment of the target magnitude 50, the target magnitude 50 is less than about 200 millivolts. In a fifth embodiment of the target magnitude 50, the target magnitude 50 is less than about 100 millivolts. In one embodiment of the target magnitude 50, selection of the target magnitude 50 is based on providing sufficient sensitivity of a delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI.
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 to delay mismatch between the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS according to one embodiment of the RF feedback circuit 26. FIG. 7 is described based on the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. As the delay mismatch between the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS increases in a positive direction, the feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 increases in a negative direction until the feedback sensitivity reaches a maximum negative sensitivity peak. Similarly, as the delay mismatch between the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS increases in a negative direction, the feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 increases in a positive direction until the feedback sensitivity reaches a maximum positive sensitivity peak. As a result, in one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, during the calibration mode, timing between the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS are deliberately mismatched to increase delay mismatch sensitivity between the RF transmit signal RFT and the envelope power supply signal EPS, thereby improving characterization of the delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI, which may provide improved alignment of the envelope of the RF transmit signal RFT with the envelope power supply signal EPS during the normal operation mode.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 1 during the calibration mode, according to an additional embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS, respectively. FIGS. 8A and 8B are described based on the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. The envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 8A and 8B are similar to the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, respectively, except during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIG. 8B is delayed from the envelope power supply control signal VRMP illustrated in FIG. 8A by a positive delay 54. In one embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the RF input signal RFI, during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the RF input signal RFI are about phase-aligned with one another. Therefore, during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal EPS is delayed from the RF input signal RFI by the positive delay 54. In one embodiment of the positive delay 54, the positive delay 54 is based on the maximum positive sensitivity peak illustrated in FIG. 7. In one embodiment of the positive delay 54, the positive delay 54 is based on the transmitter configuration signal PACS.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphs illustrating the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS shown in FIG. 1 during the calibration mode, according to another embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS, respectively. FIGS. 9A and 9B are described based on the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIG. 1. The envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 9A and 9B are similar to the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 6A and 6B, respectively, except during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIG. 9B is delayed from the envelope power supply control signal VRMP illustrated in FIG. 9A by a negative delay 56. In one embodiment of the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the RF input signal RFI, during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply control signal VRMP and the RF input signal RFI are about phase-aligned with one another. Therefore, during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal EPS is delayed from the RF input signal RFI by the negative delay 56. In one embodiment of the negative delay 56, the negative delay 56 is based on the maximum negative sensitivity peak illustrated in FIG. 7. In one embodiment of the negative delay 56, the negative delay 56 is based on the transmitter configuration signal PACS.
In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, any combination of the positive delay 54 (FIGS. 8A and 8B), the negative delay 56 (FIGS. 9A and 9B), and the sharp transition 52 (FIG. 6B) may be used to provide sufficient sensitivity of a delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI. In a first exemplary embodiment of the RF communications system 10, by using either the positive delay 54 (FIGS. 8A and 8B) or the negative delay 56 (FIGS. 9A and 9B), the feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 is on the order of about 0.2 decibels/nanosecond, which may allow the RF communications system 10 to align the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI during the normal operation mode within about 0.5 nanoseconds.
In a second exemplary embodiment of the RF communications system 10, by using both the positive delay 54 (FIGS. 8A and 8B) and the negative delay 56 (FIGS. 9A and 9B), the effective feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 is on the order of about 0.4 decibels/nanosecond, which may allow the RF communications system 10 to align the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI during the normal operation mode within about 0.25 nanoseconds.
In a third exemplary embodiment of the RF communications system 10, by using a combination of the positive delay 54 (FIGS. 8A and 8B), the negative delay 56 (FIGS. 9A and 9B), and the sharp transition 52 (FIG. 6B), the effective feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 is on the order of about 1.0 decibels/nanosecond, which may allow the RF communications system 10 to align the envelope power supply signal EPS and the RF input signal RFI during the normal operation mode within about 0.1 nanoseconds.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are graphs illustrating transition times of the envelope power supply signal EPS during the sharp transition 52 from the target magnitude 50 to the setpoint threshold 46 and during the sharp transition 52 from the setpoint threshold 46 to the target magnitude 50, respectively, according to one embodiment of the envelope power supply signal EPS illustrated in FIGS. 6B, 8B, and 9B.
FIG. 10A illustrates a transition time 58 of the sharp transition 52 of the envelope power supply signal EPS from the target magnitude 50 to the setpoint threshold 46. The transition time 58 is defined as the time needed for the envelope power supply signal EPS to traverse from ten percent of the sharp transition 52 to ninety percent of the sharp transition 52. FIG. 10B illustrates the transition time 58 of the sharp transition 52 of the envelope power supply signal EPS from the setpoint threshold 46 to the target magnitude 50. The transition time 58 is defined as the time needed for the envelope power supply signal EPS to traverse from ninety percent of the sharp transition 52 to ten percent of the sharp transition 52.
In a first embodiment of the transition time 58, the transition time 58 is less than about one-seventh divided by a normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a second embodiment of the transition time 58, the transition time 58 is less than about one-tenth divided by the normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a third embodiment of the transition time 58, the transition time 58 is less than about one-twentieth divided by the normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a fourth embodiment of the transition time 58, the transition time 58 is less than about one-fiftieth divided by the normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a fifth embodiment of the transition time 58, the transition time 58 is less than about one-hundredth divided by the normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal EPS. In a sixth embodiment of the transition time 58, the transition time 58 is less than about two-hundredth divided by the normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal EPS.
FIG. 11 illustrates a process for calibrating the RF communications system 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to one embodiment of the RF communications system 10. The calibration process begins by providing an RF power amplifier 24, an RF feedback circuit 26, an envelope tracking power supply 30, and an supply control circuitry 28 (Step 100). The calibration process proceeds by operating in the calibration mode (Step 102). The calibration process is furthered by providing an RF input signal RFI, an envelope power supply signal EPS, and an RF feedback signal RFF (Step 104).
The calibration process continues by receiving and amplifying the RF input signal RFI to provide an RF transmit signal RFT using the envelope power supply signal EPS (Step 106). The process advances by controlling the envelope tracking power supply 30 to cause a sharp transition 52 (FIG. 6B) of the envelope power supply signal EPS when a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal EPS transitions through a setpoint threshold 46 of the envelope power supply signal EPS (Step 108).
The calibration process proceeds by applying a positive delay 54 (FIGS. 8A and 8B) to the envelope power supply signal EPS (Step 110). The calibration process is furthered by measuring a positive feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 using the RF feedback signal RFF (Step 112).
The calibration process proceeds by applying a negative delay 56 (FIGS. 9A and 9B) to the envelope power supply signal EPS (Step 114). The calibration process is furthered by measuring a negative feedback sensitivity of the RF feedback circuit 26 using the RF feedback signal RFF (Step 116).
In one embodiment of the RF communications system 10, the delay calibration data 32 is based on both the positive feedback sensitivity and the negative feedback sensitivity. In an alternate embodiment of the RF communications system 10, Steps 114 and 116 are omitted, such that the delay calibration data 32 is based on the positive feedback sensitivity. In an additional embodiment of the RF communications system 10, Steps 110 and 112 are omitted, such that the delay calibration data 32 is based on the negative feedback sensitivity.
Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.

## Claims

1. An apparatus comprising an RF power amplifier, an envelope tracking power supply, and supply control circuitry; and configured to operate in one of a normal operation mode and a calibration mode, such that during the calibration mode:
the RF power amplifier is configured to receive and amplify an RF input signal to provide an RF transmit signal using an envelope power supply signal; and
the supply control circuitry is configured to control the envelope tracking power supply to cause a sharp transition of the envelope power supply signal when a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal transitions through a setpoint threshold of the envelope power supply signal, wherein a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the sharp transition is greater than a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the normal operation mode.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a transition time of the sharp transition is less than about one-twentieth divided by a normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a transition time of the sharp transition is less than about one-tenth divided by a normal operation mode bandwidth of the envelope power supply signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein during the calibration mode, the sharp transition is from the setpoint to a target magnitude of the envelope power supply signal when the setpoint transitions from above the setpoint threshold to below the setpoint threshold.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein during the calibration mode, the sharp transition is from the target magnitude to the setpoint when the setpoint transitions from below the setpoint threshold to above the setpoint threshold.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the target magnitude is less than about 500 millivolts.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein during the calibration mode, the sharp transition is from a target magnitude of the envelope power supply signal to the setpoint when the setpoint transitions from below the setpoint threshold to above the setpoint threshold.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the target magnitude is less than about 500 millivolts.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the setpoint threshold of the envelope power supply signal is greater than about sixty percent of an amplitude of the envelope power supply signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal is delayed from the RF input signal by a positive delay.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the positive delay is based on a maximum positive sensitivity peak.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal is delayed from the RF input signal by a negative delay.

13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the negative delay is based on a maximum negative sensitivity peak.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an RF feedback circuit configured to provide an RF feedback signal based on the RF transmit signal, wherein during the calibration mode, the RF feedback signal is representative of a delay mismatch between the envelope power supply signal and the RF input signal.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein delay calibration data is based on the RF feedback signal.

16. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein during the normal operation mode, the RF power amplifier is configured to receive and amplify the RF input signal to provide the RF transmit signal using the envelope power supply signal.

17. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein during the normal operation mode, RF system control circuitry uses delay calibration data to approximately align an envelope of the RF transmit signal with the envelope power supply signal.

18. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the envelope power supply signal is based on an envelope power supply control signal.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein system control circuitry is configured to provide the envelope power supply control signal.

20. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal has a calibration envelope peak, such that during the calibration mode, the envelope power supply signal has a maximum value of the calibration envelope peak.

21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein during the normal operation mode, the envelope power supply signal has a normal envelope peak, such that during the calibration mode, the maximum value of the calibration envelope peak is about equal to a maximum value of the normal envelope peak.

22. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein the maximum value of the calibration envelope peak is equal to about 4.5 volts.

23. A method comprising:
providing an RF power amplifier, an envelope tracking power supply, and supply control circuitry;
operating in one of a normal operation mode and a calibration mode;
receiving and amplifying an RF input signal to provide an RF transmit signal using an envelope power supply signal; and
during the calibration mode, controlling the envelope tracking power supply to cause a sharp transition of the envelope power supply signal when a setpoint of the envelope power supply signal transitions through a setpoint threshold of the envelope power supply signal, wherein a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the sharp transition is greater than a maximum rate of change of the envelope power supply signal during the normal operation mode.