# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.
Heat he r Lynn Tol li ve r
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

__ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e North ern Dis tri ctof I owa , W at erl oo

__ __ __ __ __ __ Subm it te d: Feb ru ary 8, 2 01 6 Fi le d: Feb ru ary 11 , 20 16 [Un publ is he d]

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re WOL LMAN, ARNOLD, andSMITH, Ci rcu it Ju dg es

.

__ __ __ __ __ __ PER CURI AM.

Whi le Heat he r Tol li ve r was se rv in g a pe rio d of su pe rv is ed rel eas e on a fed eral cri m in al se nt en ce, he r pr ob at io n of fic er pe ti ti o n e d t h e di st ric t co ur t to rev ok e 1

The Hon or ab le Lin da R. Rea de , Ch ie f Ju dg e, Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Co ur t fo r 1 th e Nor th ern Dis tri ctof I owa

.su pe rv is ed rel eas e ba se d on se ve ral al le ge d vi ol at io ns of he r rel eas e co nd it io ns

. At

a supe rv is ed -rel ea s e rev oc at io n he ari ng , Ms

. Tol li ve r ad m it te d to so m e of th e vi ol at io ns an d de ni ed ot he rs

. Afte r he ari ng th e ev id en ce, th e di st ric t co ur t fo un d by

a pr ep on de ran ce of th e ev id en ce th at Ms

. Tol li ve r ha d c o mm i tt ed th e co nt es te d vi ol at io ns . The co ur t re vo ke d supe rv is ed rel eas e, an d sen te nc ed he r to 8 m on th s i n pr is on an d two y ears of ad di ti on al su pe rv is ed rel eas e. On ap pe al , Ms

. Tol li ve r arg ue s th atth e co urt cl earl y

erre d i n fi nd in g t ha t s he co m m it te d t he co nt es te d v io la ti on s.
Upo n c aref

ul rev ie w, we fin d n o b as is to di st urb t he di st ric t co ur t’s fi nd in gs

. Fi rs t, ur in al y si s te st res ul ts su pp or t th e fin di ng th at Ms

. Tol li ve r fai le d to co m pl y wit h

su bs ta nc e-ab us e te st in g by pr ov id in g a “ su bs ti tu te d” sa m pl e. See Un i t e d S t a te s v. B l a ck Bea r, 54 2 F.3 d 24 9, 25 2 (8 th Ci r. 20 08 ) (d is cu ss in g cl ear erro r r e v i e w )

. Seco nd , swea t-p at ch tes t re su lt s s up po rt t he fin di ng th at Ms . Tol li ve r il le ga ll y us ed

co nt ro ll ed su bs ta nc es an d fai le d to tru th fu ll y an swe r he r pr ob at io n of fic er’s in qu iri es ab ou t th e drug us e. Not ab ly, swe at -p at ch te st in g is a g e n e r a l l y rel iabl e m et ho d of de te rm in in g drug us e, se e Uni te d St a t e s v. Meyer, 48 3 F.3 d 86 5, 86 9- 70 (8 th Ci r. 20 07 ), an d th e res ul ts of a ha ir- fo ll ic le te st , wit ho ut m or e ev id en ce as to th e m et ho d

an d s am pl e u se d, d id no t di sc red it th e swe at -p at ch te st res ul ts , es pe ci al ly whe re t he di st ric t co ur t fo un d cred ib le th e he ari ng te st im on y es tabl is hi ng th at th e swe at pa tc he s
were no t co nt am in at ed , se e Uni te d St at es v. Caro th ers , 33 7 F.3 d 10 17 , 10 19 (8 th Ci r. 20 03 ) (cre di bi li ty det erm in at io ns are v irt ua ll y un rev ie wab le on ap pe al ).

The jud gm en t i s af

fir m ed , and we gr an t co un se l l eav e to wit hd raw.

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