1 |EnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergyeere.energy.gov[INSERTPICTURE(S)OFPRODUCT(S)][INSERTPICTURE(S)OFPRODUCT(S)]EnergyConservationStandardsRulemakingforMiscellaneousConsumerRefrigerationProductsPreliminaryAnalysisMeetingJanuary9,2015JosephHagermanDepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgramEERE‐2011‐BT‐STD‐0043WineChillers‐2011‐STD‐0043@ee.doe.gov2Welcome•Introductions(aroundtheroom)•RoleoftheFacilitator•GroundRules–Speakoneatatime.–Sayyournamefortherecord– therewillbeacompletetranscriptofthismeeting.–Beconcise– sharethe‘air‐time’.–Keepthefocushere– cellphonesonsilent;limitsidebarconversations.–Webinarparticipantsturnphoneonmute;“raiseyourhand”toberecognizedtospeak.•HousekeepingItems•AgendaReview•OpeningRemarks3Agenda9:00am– 9:30am9:30am– 9:40am9:40am– 10:40am10:40am– 11:20am11:20am– 11:50am11:50am– 12:05am12:05am– 1:00pm1:00pm– 1:30pm1:30pm– 2:00pmWelcomeOverviewMarket/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringMarkups,EnergyUse,Life‐Cycle,&PaybackShipments&NationalImpactAnalysisManufacturerImpactAnalysisLunchNoticeofProposedRulemakingAnalysesNextSteps&ClosingRemarks4ListeningViatheWebcast•TheDepartmentisbroadcastingthismeetingliveovertheInternet.•DOEisprovidingthewebcasttoaccommodatestakeholdersunabletoattendthepublicmeetinginperson.•Thewebbroadcastallowsstakeholderstolisteninandviewtheslides.•Allstakeholdersareencouragedtosubmitwrittencommentsafterthepublicmeeting.5PurposeofthePublicMeeting•Informallinterestedpartiesandfacilitatethisrulemakingprocess.•PresentDOE’sproceduralandanalyticalapproachestoevaluatepotentialenergyconservationstandards(ECS)forMiscellaneousConsumerRefrigeration(MREF)Products.•Discussnextsteps.•Inviteparticipantstoprovidesummarycommentsorstatementsandraiseadditionalissuesfordiscussion.6IssuesforDiscussionIssuesonwhichDOEseekscommentarelistedinthepreliminarytechnicalsupportdocument(TSD)executivesummary,availableat:http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EERE‐2011‐BT‐STD‐0043‐0024ThedeadlineforsubmittingcommentsisFebruary2,2015,11:59PMET.Issue Box: DOE welcomes comments, data, andinformation concerning the Notice of ProposedMeeting and Availability of the Preliminary TechnicalSupport Document. Issues that correspond to thoseraised in DOE’s published material will be numberedin accordance with that material. Whether invited byan issue box or not, comments are welcome on anypart of DOE’s analysis.7OpeningRemarksMeetingparticipantsareinvitedtoprovideopeningremarksorstatementsatthistime.8PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Overview2Market/Technology, Screening, & Engineering3Markups, Energy Use, Life-Cycle, & Payback4Shipments and National Impact Analysis5Manufacturer Impact Analysis6Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Analysis7Closing Remarks9Overview:RegulatoryHistoryThisisthefirstDOErulemakingefforttoconsiderenergyconservationstandardsformiscellaneousresidentialrefrigerationproducts.•EPCAcurrentlycoversrefrigerators,refrigerator‐freezers,andfreezersmeetingthefollowingcriteria(42U.S.C.6292(a)(1)):•Operationusingalternatingcurrent(AC)electricityonly.•Designforusewithadoor.•Inclusionofacompressorandcondenserasintegralpartsofthecabinetassembly.•Currentregulatorydefinitionsfurtherlimitenergyconservationstandards(ECS)coveragetoproductsthataredesignedtobecapableofachievingstoragetemperaturesbelow39°F.10Overview:RegulatoryHistoryDOEproposedcoverageoftheproductsaddressedinthisrulemakingwithtwocoverageproposals.•November2011CoverageProposal(76FR69147):Proposedcoverageofrefrigerationproductsthatdonotincorporatecompressors.•October2013CoverageProposal(78FR65223):Proposedcoverageofthefollowingproductsunderasinglenewproductcategory:•Hybridrefrigerators,refrigerator‐freezers,andfreezers(combiningwarmcompartments,suchaswinestoragecompartments,withfreshfoodandfreezercompartments)•Cooledcabinets(suchaswinechillers,composedentirelyofwarmcompartments)•Refrigerationproductsthatdonotusevaporcompression•Icemakers11Overview:RegulatoryHistoryDOEpublishedaTestProcedureNOPRfortheseproductsonDecember16th,2014(79FR74894):•IntheNOPR,DOEproposedproductdefinitionsforthefollowing:•hybridrefrigerationproducts.•cooledcabinets.•non‐compressorrefrigerationproducts.•icemakers.•Specifically,DOEproposedtocollectivelydefineallsuchproductsas“miscellaneousrefrigerationproducts”(MREFproducts),andproposedenergyusemetricsandtestmethodsforthem.12Overview:RulemakingTimelineProjected ECS FinalRule PublicationDateSummer, 2016ECS PreliminaryAnalysis and TP NOPRPublic MeetingsJanuary 8-9 2015ECS FrameworkDocument PublicMeetingFebruary 22, 201220112012201320142015 2016Projected TestProcedure FinalRule PublicationDateLate 201513OverviewFrameworkDocumentNOPRFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisMarket andTechnologyAssessmentScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkups forEquipmentPriceDeterminationShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisEnergy UseAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysis14PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Overview2Market/Technology, Screening, & Engineering3Markups, Energy Use, Life-Cycle, & Payback4Shipments and National Impact Analysis5Manufacturer Impact Analysis6Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Analysis7Closing Remarks15PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR16Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringMarketAssessment•Purpose•CharacterizetheMREFproductmarketandmanufacturers.•Determinescopeofcoverage.•Determineappropriateproductclasses.•Method•IdentifyMREFmanufacturersandtheirproductofferingsbyconductingastudyoftheMREFmarket.•Useavailableshipmentdatatocharacterizemarkettrends.•DevelopappropriateproductclassesconsistentwithEPCAcriteria.•AdetaileddescriptionofmethodologyandresultsiscontainedinChapter3ofthepreliminaryTSD.17Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringProductTypes•DOEisconsideringenergyconservationstandardsforfourdifferentMREFproductcategories:•Cooledcabinets•Hybridrefrigerationproducts•Non‐compressorrefrigerators•Icemakers•DOEproposeddefinitionsforeachoftheseproductsintheTestProcedure(TP)NOPRandisconsideringthepossibilityofcreatingproductclasseswithineachcategory.18Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringThetestprocedureNOPRproposeddefinitionsforCooledCabinets•CooledCabinet:Acabinethavingasourceofrefrigerationrequiringelectricenergyinputonlyandcapableofmaintainingcompartmenttemperatureseither(a)nolowerthan39°For(b)inarangethatextendsnolowerthan37 ̊Fbutatleastashighas60 ̊F.•Non‐CompressorCooledCabinet:Acooledcabinetthathasasourceofrefrigerationthatdoesnotincludeacompressorandcondenserunit.•Theseproductsaremarketedaswinechillers,winecoolers,winerefrigerators,beveragecoolers,andbeveragecenters.•Distinctfromrefrigeratorsinthattheycannotachievesafefreshfoodstoragetemperatures.•TheproposeddefinitionwouldincludeproductsusingDCaswellasACpowerinput.19Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEproposedadefinitionfornon‐compressorrefrigerators.•“...acabinetthathasasourceofrefrigerationthatdoesnotincludeacompressorandcondenserunit,requireselectricenergyinputonly,andiscapableofmaintainingcompartmenttemperaturesabove32°Fandbelow39°F....”•Knownnon‐compressorrefrigerator(NCR)productsusethermoelectricorabsorptionrefrigeration.20Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEhasnotconsideredmultiplecooledcabinetproductclassesinthepreliminaryanalysis.•DOEhasnotidentifiedconsumerutilitydifferencesthatwouldjustifyseparateproductclassesforvapor‐compressionandnon‐compressor(thermoelectricandabsorption)cooledcabinets.•DOEisnotconsideringseparateclassesbasedondefrostbecause:•Nearlyallautomatic‐defrostcooledcabinetsuseoff‐cycledefrost.•DOEtestedoneexamplecooledcabinetthatusesaresistanceheaterfordefrost,butdefrostforthisunitaccountsforlessthan2%ofthetotalenergyconsumption.Issue Box 1: Should DOE consider separate productclasses for cooled cabinets? If so, what consumer utilityfeatures and energy use differences would justify them?21Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEhasnotconsideredmultiplenon‐compressorrefrigeratorproductclassesinthepreliminaryanalysis.•DOEhasnotidentifiedconsumerutilitydifferencesthatwouldjustifyseparateproductclassesbasedonrefrigerationtechnology(e.g.,thermoelectricorabsorption).Limiteddatashowthatenergyusecharacteristicsofthesetechnologiesarealsosimilar.•DOEhasnotidentifiedNCRproductsthatuseresistanceheatersfordefrostorthathavemanualdefrost.22Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringAbsorptionRefrigerators•DOE’scollecteddataindicatethatonly0.2%ofhomesuseabsorptionrefrigerators.•Two‐thirdsoftheabsorptionrefrigeratorstockisfoundinhotels,althoughmodelsdesignedforhotelsgenerallyappeartobeindistinguishablefromresidentialmodels.•DOEhastentativelyconcludedthatallabsorption‐basedrefrigerators,includingthoseusedinhotelsthatareotherwiseindistinguishableintermsofutilitiesandfeaturesfromthoseofferedasresidentialmodels,areconsumerproducts.23Non‐CompressorRefrigerators•DOEtestingindicatesthatnon‐compressorrefrigeratorsaretypicallyunabletoachievestoragetemperaturesof39°Forbelowusinganambienttestconditionof90°F.Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringIssue Box 2: Do any non-compressor refrigeratorsexist that can maintain storage temperatures of 39 °For below in ambient temperatures of 90 °F? If not, arenon-compressor technologies theoretically capableof maintaining these compartment temperatures?24Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEproposedseparatedefinitionsfordifferenthybridrefrigerationproducts,e.g.,hybridrefrigerator,hybridfreezer.•Hybridproductsincludeasatleasthalfoftheirvolumeoneormorecompartmentscapableofachievingstoragetemperatureseither(a)nolowerthan39°For(b)inarangethatextendsnolowerthan37 ̊Fbutatleastashighas60 ̊F(cellarcompartments).•TheTPNOPRproposeddefinitionsfor:•Hybridall‐refrigerators•Hybridrefrigerators•Hybridrefrigerator‐freezers•Hybridfreezers•Hybridnon‐compressorrefrigerators.•Aproductwithcellarcompartmentscomprisinglessthanhalfofitsrefrigeratedvolumewouldnotbea“hybrid,”butwouldinsteadbearefrigerator,refrigerator‐freezer,etc.25Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEisconsideringproductclassesforhybridrefrigerationproductsthatareconsistentwiththoseestablishedinthe2014standardsforrefrigerators,refrigerator‐freezers,andfreezers.•DOEperformedthepreliminaryanalysisusingaclassstructurebasedonthefollowingcriteriaforconventionalproducts:•Compactvs.Standard‐Size•Compartmenttypesandorientation•Freezercompartmenttemperaturerange•Defrosttype•Through‐the‐dooriceservice•Built‐inconfiguration•ForhybridproductsknowntoDOE,productswouldbeassignedtoaproductclassasifthe“warm”compartment(s)werenotpresent.26DOEisawareofhybridproductsavailableinfourproductclassesMarket/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringProductClassProductDescriptionDefrostTypeIceMaker Built‐in?Standard‐sizedproductsH‐3A‐BI Built‐inhybridall‐refrigerator Automatic None YesH‐9I‐BI Built‐inuprighthybridfreezerwithinternal icemaker Automatic Internal YesCompactproductsH‐11A Compacthybrid all‐refrigeratorwithmanualdefrost Manual None NoH‐13A Compacthybridall‐refrigeratorwithautomaticdefrost Automatic None NoIssue Box 3: Are there currently hybrid refrigerationproducts on the market for which there is no clearselection of the appropriate class, based on classesfor conventional refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers,and freezers? Additionally, should DOE allowseparate product classes for built-in hybridrefrigeration products?27Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEproposedanicemakerdefinition.•IceMaker:Aconsumerproductdesignedtoautomaticallyproduceandharvestice,butexcludinganytypethathasachievedcertificationunderANSI/NSF12‐2012.Suchaproductmayalsoincludeameansforstoringice,dispensingice,orstoringanddispensingice.•Refrigerators,refrigerator‐freezers,freezers,hybridrefrigerationproducts,non‐compressorrefrigerators,andcooledcabinetswouldbeexcludedfromthedefinitionoficemaker.28Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEisconsideringthreeproductclassesforIMs,distinguishedbytheiricestoragetemperaturesandwaterconnections.•Cooled‐StorageIceMakers(IM‐C):IMsthatmaintainicestoragebintemperaturesbelow32°F.•Typicallyproducecrescent‐shapedice,similartotheiceproducedbytheautomaticicemakersfoundinresidentialfreezersandrefrigerator‐freezers.•Uncooled‐StorageIceMakers(IM‐U):IMsthatdonotmaintainicestoragebintemperaturesbelow32°F.•Typicallyproducecleariceusingaprocesssimilartothatusedinmanyautomaticcommercialicemakers.•Requireadrainconnectiontoremovethemeltwaterthatcollectsinthebin.•PortableIceMakers(IM‐P):IMsthatdonotrequireconnectiontoahouseholdwatersupplyforoperationandareoperableusingoneormoreon‐boardreservoirsthatmustbemanuallysuppliedwithwater.•Generallysmall,designedforcountertoporportableuse.•Knownproductshaveuncooledstorage.29Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringTechnologyAssessment•Purpose•Characterizetechnologystatusofcurrentproducts.•Developapreliminarylistoftechnologyoptionsthatcouldimprovetheefficiencyofmiscellaneousrefrigerationproducts.•Method•DOEcharacterizedproductsandidentifiedtechnologyoptionsfrom:•Literaturereview.•Manufacturerbrochuresandspecificationsheetsforcommerciallyavailableequipment.•Commentsandinputfromstakeholders.•Testingandreverseengineering.•AlltechnologyoptionsaredescribedinChapter3ofthepreliminaryTSD.30Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringCompressorImprovedcompressorefficiencyDefrostOff‐cycledefrostVariable‐speedcompressor ReducedenergydefrostLinearcompressor AdaptivedefrostEvaporatorIncreasedsurfacearea Hot‐gasbypassEnhancedheatexchangerOtherRefrigerationSystemOptionsElectronictemperaturecontrolForced‐convectionevaporator ConversiontovaporcompressionrefrigerationCon‐denserIncreasedsurfacearea HeatpipeEnhancedheat exchanger TXVorEEVForced‐convectioncondenser Off‐cyclesolenoidvalveFanandFanMotorHigher‐efficiencyfanmotorsHigher‐efficiencyfanbladesDOEconsideredthefollowingrefrigerationsystemtechnologyoptionsinitspreliminaryanalysis.31Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringInsulationImprovedresistivity ofinsulationIncreasedinsulationthicknessVacuum‐insulatedpanelsGas‐filledpanelsGasketImprovedgasketsDouble‐doorgasketsImproved doorfaceframeDoorsImprovedresistivityofglassdoorSoliddoorOtherComponentlocationDOEconsideredthefollowingcabinettechnologyoptionsinitspreliminaryanalysisformiscellaneousrefrigerationproducts.32PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR33Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringScreeningAnalysis•Purpose:Determinetechnologyoptionsconsideredintheengineeringanalysisbyscreeningoutoptionsifthey–•Arenottechnologicallyfeasible.•Arenotpracticabletomanufacture,install,andservice.•Haveadverseimpactsonproductutilityoravailabilitytoconsumers.•Haveadverseimpactsonhealthorsafety.•ThemethodologyandresultsarepresentedindetailinChapter4ofthePreliminaryTSD.34Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringThefollowingtechnologieswerescreenedoutfromthepreliminaryanalysis.Linearcompressors ImprovedinsulationresistivityImprovedevaporator/condenser heatexchangersurfacesGas‐filledpanelsHigh‐efficiencyfanblades Gasket/faceframe improvementImprovedexpansionvalve ComponentlocationFluid controlorsolenoidvalve Switch fromglasstosoliddoorElectronic temperaturecontrolAlternativeDefrost (Off‐cycle,adaptive,hot‐gas)35Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringSomedesignoptionswerenotconsideredforallproducttypes.•Forexample,thesetechnologyoptionswerenotconsideredintheanalysisfornon‐compressorrefrigerators.•Improvedglassdoorresistivity:ScreenedoutforNCRsbecausetheyhavesoliddoorsratherthanglass.•Conversiontovapor‐compressionrefrigerationsystem:ScreenedoutforNCRsbecauseconversiontovaporcompressionwouldplacetheminadifferentcoveragecategory.36PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR37Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringEngineeringAnalysis•Purpose•Establishcost‐efficiencycurves,therelationshipbetweenthemanufacturersellingprice(MSP)andenergyconsumptionassociatedwitheachefficiencylevelineachproductclass.•Methods:•CooledCabinetsandNon‐CompressorRefrigerators:Combinedefficiency‐level/design‐option/reverse‐engineeringapproach.•IceMakers:Efficiency‐levelapproach.•HybridRefrigerationProducts:Considerationofthe2014EnergyConservationStandardsforconventionalrefrigerationproducts.•ThemethodologyandresultsaresummarizedinthefollowingslidesandpresentedindetailinChapter5ofthePreliminaryTSD.38Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringManufacturerMarkup•ManufacturerProductionCost(MPC)isthecostofproducingtheproduct.•ManufacturerSellingPrice(MSP)isthepriceatwhichthemanufacturersellstheproduct.ManufacturerProductionCost (MPC)ManufacturerMarkup=ManufacturerSelling Price(MSP)•Direct material•Direct labor•Factory overhead•Depreciation•Sales & marketing•Research & development•Shipping (if paid by manufacturer)•Interest•Profit39Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringManufacturerMarkup•DOEusedthefollowingmanufacturermarkupsinitsanalysis:•Hybridsandvapor‐compressioncooledcabinets:1.26•Non‐compressorcooledcabinetsandrefrigerators:1.22•Icemakers:1.23•DOEdeterminedthesemarkupsasfollows:•DOEdevelopedanaveragemanufacturermarkupforeachproductclassbyexaminingtheannualU.S.SecurityandExchangeCommission(SEC)10‐Kreportscoveringtheperiodbetween2006and2012filedbypubliclyownedmanufacturingcompaniesengagedinproducingmiscellaneousrefrigerationproducts.40Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringMethodology:CooledCabinetsandNon‐CompressorRefrigerators•Combinedefficiency‐level/design‐option/reverse‐engineeringapproach•Testsofproductsatdifferentefficiencylevelsusingtheproposedtestprocedure.•Reverseengineeringtoidentifydesigndetailsanddevelopabillofmaterialformanufacturingcostmodeling.•Energyanalysiscalibratedtotestdataand/orratingstoevaluateefficiencyimprovementsassociatedwithgroupsofdesignoptions.•Manufacturingcostmodelsandcomponentcostdatabasedonmultipleinformationsourcestocalculatetheincrementalcostsassociatedwithefficiencyimprovement.•DOEdevelopedonerepresentativecost‐efficiencycurveforNCRsandtwoforcooledcabinets(representingunitswith2ft3and6ft3volumes).41Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOE’sanalysisconsideredthefollowingefficiencylevelsforcooledcabinets.•Thebaselineefficiency,EL0,wasdefinedbytheleastefficientunitonthemarket.•EL4representstheCECautomatic‐defrostwinechillerstandardsmultipliedbyafactorof0.65toaccountforthedifferenceinTPusageadjustmentfactors.•DOEchosetocompareotherefficiencylevelstoEL4,sincemanufacturerscommentedthatthiswasthede‐factostandard.EfficiencyLevelPercentofCECEq.EnergyConsumptionEL0 267%EL1 200%EL2 160%EL3 130%EL4(CECEquivalent) 100%EL5 90%EL6 80%EL7 70%EL8 60%EL9 50%EL10 40%EL11(Max‐Tech) 32%Note:EL0through3,usedonlyforthe2ft3analysis,representthermoelectriccooledcabinets.42Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringTheCooledCabinetCost‐EfficiencyCurvesareshownbelow.%ofCEC‐Eq EnergyUse MSP43Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringRequestsforcommentregardingcooledcabinetengineeringanalysis—lowersizelimitforvapor‐compressionproducts.•Thelimitedavailabilityofcompressorswithlowcapacitysuggeststhattheremaybeapracticallowerlimit(inrefrigeratedvolume)forvapor‐compressioncooledcabinets.Issue Box 4: Are additional data available on whethervapor compression is infeasible for cooled cabinetsbelow a physical size or bottle capacity threshold?44Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringRequestsforcommentregardingcooledcabinetengineeringanalysis—thermoelectricefficiencytrendwithsize.•DOE’stestingindicatesthatsmallervolumethermoelectriccooledcabinetshaveahigherefficiencypotential.Issue Box 5: Are additional data available on therelationship between volume and efficiency inthermoelectric refrigeration products?StorageVolume(ft3)TestedEnergyConsumption(kWh/year)%ofCEC‐EqEnergyUse0.64 142 62%1.08 439 187%2.26 663 267%45Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringRequestsforcommentregardingcooledcabinetengineeringanalysis—vacuum‐insulatedpanels•DOEbaseditsmodelingofvacuum‐insulatedpanel(VIP)performanceonfeedbackreceivedregardingVIPperformanceduringthe2011refrigerationproductrulemaking.•However,DOEnotesthatnoneofthismanufacturerfeedbackspecificallyaddressedcooledcabinets;thus,thisinformationmaynotextendtocompartmentsoperatedat55°F.Issue Box 6: Are additional data available on thethermal performance for cellar compartments usingvacuum-insulated panels?46Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEisconsideringapplyingastandardadjustmentfactortoaddressvaryingtemperatureperformancefornon‐compressorrefrigerators.•InDOEtestingofNCRs,nonewereabletomaintainatemperaturewithin9 ̊Fofthe39 ̊Fstandardizedtemperature.•InthetestprocedureNOPR,DOEproposedthatthemeasuredenergyusewouldbebasedonaproduct’scold‐setting(90 ̊Fambient)becausethiswouldbemostrepresentativeoffieldenergyuse.•Thisstandardadjustmentfactorwouldreducetheallowableenergyusetocompensateforthecompartmenttemperaturewarmerthan39°Fundertestconditionssincelessenergyshouldbeneededtomaintainthewarmertemperature.•StandardAdjustmentFactor=(90°F– TTest_Cold)/(90°F– 39°F)47Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringNon‐CompressorRefrigerators:StandardAdjustmentFactorIssue Box 7: Should DOE incorporate the describedstandard adjustment factor into its energyconservation standards for non-compressorrefrigerators? If not, how should DOE address thefact that such products likely cannot maintain 39 °Fstorage temperatures in the proposed testconditions? Is the proposed adjustment factorappropriate? If not, what should this factor be?48Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringNon‐CompressorRefrigeratorsEngineeringAnalysis.•DOE’sanalysisisbasedontesting,reverseengineering,andmodelingusingtheERAmodelingtool.•DOEconsidereddesignoptionsincludinginsulation,heatpipecoolingofTEmodule’shotside,andvacuum‐insulatedpanels.•DOEdefinedefficiencylevelsat5‐percentincrementsbetweenthebaselineandthemax‐techefficiencylevels.Baseline+Max‐AvailableInsulation*Max‐AvailableUnitMax‐AvailablewithAddedInsulation*Max‐TechEfficiencyLevel*Efficiency(%Baseline)100% 82% 79% 67% 64%InsulationThickness1.25”onallsides,1”ondoor1.5”onallsides,2.5”ondoor1.5”onallsides,2.5”ondoor2”onallsides,2.5”ondoor2”onallsides,2.5”ondoorHeatPipeNone None Present Present PresentVacuum‐InsulatedPanelsNone None None NoneVIPsonhalfthecabinet’ssurfacearea*Note:Theseconfigurationsaremodeled.49Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringNon‐CompressorRefrigeratorsResults:Cost‐EfficiencyCurve$-$5$10$15$20$25$30$35$4060%70%80%90%100% Total Added MSPPercent of Baseline50Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringDOEusedanefficiency‐levelapproachtodevelopthecost‐efficiencyrelationshipforicemakers.•DOEtestedtwomodelsforeachofthethreeproductclasses.•DOEcalculatedtheincrementalcostsofthedifferentdesignswithoutregardtotheparticulardesignoptionsusedtoachievetheefficiencyincreases.•DOEdevelopedmanufacturingcostmodelsbasedonreverseengineeringtocalculatetheincrementalcostsassociatedwiththedesigndifferences.•DOEdevelopedonecost‐efficiencycurveforeachofthethreeicemakerproductclasses(IM‐P,IM‐C,andIM‐U).•DOEdidnotdevelopamax‐techlevelthatexceededthemaximum‐efficiencyunittestedforanyofitsproposedicemakerproductclasses.51Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringIceMakerEfficiencyLevels•(IM‐Portable):•(IM‐Cooled‐Storage):EfficiencyLevelEnergyConsumption(kWh/year)PercentofBaselineEnergyConsumptionEL0(Baseline) 256 100%EL1 230 90%EL2 205 80%EL3 179 70%EL4 154 60%EL5 128 50%EL6 102 40%EL7(Max‐Available) 89 35%EfficiencyLevelEnergyConsumption(kWh/year)PercentofBaselineEnergyConsumptionEL0(Baseline) 552 100%EL1 524 95%EL2 497 90%EL3 469 85%EL4 442 80%EL5 414 75%EL6(Max‐Available) 411 74%52Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringIceMakersEfficiencyLevels•(IM‐Uncooled‐Storage):EfficiencyLevel EnergyConsumption(kWh/year)PercentofBaselineEnergyConsumptionEL0(Baseline) 1,075 100%EL1 1,021 95%EL2 968 90%EL3 914 85%EL4 860 80%EL5 806 75%EL6 753 70%EL7 699 65%EL8(Max‐Available) 672 63%53Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringIceMakerCost‐EfficiencyCurvesIM– PortableIM– CooledStorageIM– UncooledStorage54Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringMethodology:HybridRefrigerationProducts•Hybridrefrigerationproductsandconventionalrefrigerationproductsarefunctionallyandphysicallysimilar,withthreekeyexceptionsthathaveimportantenergyuseimplications:•Atleastoneofthecompartmentsinahybridproductisacellarcompartment,notdesignedtoachievestoragetemperaturesbelow39°FHence,thermalloadinthiscompartmentwouldbelowerthanthethermalloadofafreshfoodorfreezercompartment.•Doorsprovidingaccesstothecellarcompartment(s)areoftenmadeofglassHence,thermalloadassociatedwiththeglassdoorswouldbegreaterthanthethermalloadassociatedwithsoliddoors.•Theusageprofileofahybridproductisexpectedtomorecloselyresembletheusageprofileofawinechillerratherthanthatofarefrigeratororrefrigerator‐freezerHence,theTPNOPRproposeda0.85usageadjustmentfactortoreducemeasuredenergyuse.55Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringMethodology:HybridRefrigerationProducts•TheTPNOPRalsoproposeda0.69volumeadjustmentfactorforcellarcompartments,whichwouldcauseahybridproducttohavealowermaximumallowableenergyconsumptioncomparedtoanequivalently‐sizedrefrigerator.•However,theeffectofthisfactorshouldbebalancedbythecombinedeffectsofthefactorslistedonthepreviousslide.•DOEalsoexpectsthathybridrefrigerationproductsandconventionalrefrigerationproductswouldhaveequivalentCOPs,sincetheyshouldhavesimilarcondensingandevaporatingtemperatures.•Therefore,becauseofthesesimilaritiesinfunctionandenergyuse,DOEconsideredwhethertoapplythe2014ECSforconventionalrefrigerationproductstohybridrefrigerationproducts.56Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringMethodology:HybridRefrigerationProducts•DOEconsideredrefrigeratorsthatareminimallycompliantwiththe2014standardsandusedenergymodelingtoevaluatethecorrespondingenergyuseofequivalently‐sizedhybridrefrigerators,consideringvariationsin:•Glassdoortypes•Solidvs.glassdoorconfigurations(i.e.,onesingleglassdoor,dualglassdoors,ordualdoors:glassforthecellarcompartmentandsolidforthefreshfoodcompartment)•Insulationthicknesses•Cellarvolumepercentages57Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringResults:HybridRefrigerationProducts•Resultsindicatethatexistinghybridproductsthatuseglassdoorstocovertheirentirerefrigeratedvolumemayrequireeithertheuseofmoreefficientglassdoorsorasoliddoorovertheirfreshfoodcompartmentinordertomeetthe2014standards.•Ascanbeseeninthetableonthenextslide,allcategoriesofhybridproductswillbeabletomeettheexistingstandardforrefrigeratorsbyaddingtechnologyanddesignoptionsthatarealreadyavailableonthemarket.58Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringCellar%VolumeDoorsAdditionalDesignOptionsNeededtomeettheexistingstandardforrefrigerator‐freezers.50%SolidCellar,SolidFF N/AGlassCellar,SolidFF2"Insulation+MidTechGlassOR2"Insulation+High‐EfficiencyCompressor(EER=5.80)GlassCellar,GlassFF2"Insulation+MaxTechFFGlass+MidTechCellarGlass+HighEfficiencyCompressor(EER=5.80)75%SolidCellar,SolidFF N/AGlassCellar,SolidFF2"Insulation+MidTechGlass+HighEfficiencyCompressorOR2"Insulation+MaxTechGlass(EER=5.80)GlassCellar,GlassFF2"Insulation+MidTechGlass+HighEfficiencyCompressorOR2"Insulation+MaxTechGlass• Standard size hybrid refrigeration products with solid doors require noadditional design options to meet the existing standards.• DOE’s analysis showed that units with glass doors could meet thestandard with the following design options:STANDARD SIZE HYBRIDS59Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringCellar%VolumeDoorsAdditionalDesignOptionsNeededtomeettheexistingstandardforrefrigerator‐freezers.50%SolidCellar,SolidFF N/AGlassCellar,SolidFF2"Insulation+MidTechGlassORHigherEfficiencyCompressor(EER=3.2)GlassCellar,GlassFF2"Insulation+MidTechGlass+HigherEfficiencyCompressor(EER=3.2)OR2"Insulation+MaxTechGlassSingleSolidDoor N/ASingleGlassDoor2"Insulation+MidTechGlass+HigherEfficiencyCompressor(EER=3.2)OR2"Insulation+MaxTechGlass75%SolidCellar,SolidFF N/AGlassCellar,SolidFF2"Insulation+MidTechGlassORMidTechGlass+HigherEfficiencyCompressor(EER=3.2)GlassCellar,GlassFF2"Insulation+MidTechGlassORMidTechGlass+HigherEfficiencyCompressor(EER=3.2)SingleSolidDoor N/ASingleGlassDoor 2"Insulation+MidTechGlass• DOE’s analysis showed that units with glass doors could meet thestandard with the following design options:COMPACT HYBRIDS60Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringIssue Box 8: Are the 2014 RF standards appropriate forhybrid refrigeration products? Are additional dataavailable on whether hybrid refrigeration systems areable to meet the standards for refrigerators andrefrigerator-freezers?61PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Overview2Market/Technology, Screening, & Engineering3Markups, Energy Use, Life-Cycle, & Payback4Shipments and National Impact Analysis5Manufacturer Impact Analysis6Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Analysis7Closing Remarks62PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR63MarkupsAnalysis•Purpose•Determineconsumerpricesunderastandardsscenariobasedonmanufacturersellingprice(MSP).•Characterizeproductdistributionchannelsandmarketsegments.•Method•Manufacturermarkupsweredevelopedintheengineeringanalysis.•Retailermarkupsarebasedonthe“ElectronicsandApplianceStores”industrydatafromtheU.S.Census2007AnnualRetailTradeSurvey(ARTS).ManufacturerRetailerConsumer64MarkupsAnalysisMarkupTypes•BaselineMarkups–RelatetheMSPofproductwithbaselineefficiencytotheconsumerpurchaseprice.–Coverallofretailer’sexpensesplusprofit.•IncrementalMarkups–RelatetheincrementalchangeinMSPofproductswithhigherefficiencytotheincreaseinconsumerpurchaseprice.–Coveronlytheexpensesthatincreaseduetoanincreaseinefficiency.65MarkupsAnalysisOverallMarkupsProduct ScenarioManufacturerMarkupRetailerMarkupSalesTaxOverallMarkupHybrids& Vapor‐CompressionCCsBaseline1.261.361.0711.835Incremental 1.11 1.498NCRs&Non‐Compressor CCsBaseline1.221.36 1.777Incremental 1.11 1.450IceMakersBaseline1.231.36 1.792Incremental 1.11 1.46266PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergyUseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife‐CycleCostandPaybackPeriodAnalysisMarket&TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR67EnergyUseAnalysis•Purpose•EstimatedistributionsofannualsiteenergyuserepresentativeofconsumersinU.S.•Method•Developdistributionsofvolumesandusagebehaviors.•Determineefficiencymarketdistributions.•Estimateenergyusewithlaboratorytesting,fieldmonitoringandmanufacturerdata.68EnergyUseAnalysisCooledCabinetCapacities•DOEusedtheresultsofastudythatusedonlinesurveystodeterminecapacities.(LBNLstudy)0%10%20%30%40%50%60%0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Percentage of current stockCapacity(cuft)VaporCompressionThermoeletric•Vapor compressionmeancapacity 3.6cuft.•Thermoelectric meancapacity1.5cuft.Greenblattetal.,U.S.ResidentialMiscellaneousRefrigerationProducts:ResultsfromAmazonMechanicalTurkSurveys,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,LBNL‐6537E,November2013.69EnergyUseAnalysisCooledCabinet EfficiencyMarketShares•DOEusedCECandNRCan databases,retailerandmanufacturerwebsites,laboratoryandfieldtests,todetermineefficiencymarketshares.0%5%10%15%20%25%30%80% 90% 100% 130% 160% 200% 267%

Fraction of products%ofCEC‐EquivalentEnergyConsumptionThermoelectricManyproductshigherthanCECstandard0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Fraction of products%ofCEC‐EquivalentEnergyConsumptionVapor Compression70EnergyUseAnalysisNon‐CompressorRefrigerators•DOEused1.7cu.ft.volumefromengineeringanalysis.•DOEusedlaboratorytestingtoestimateenergyuse.•Thermoelectric•DOEestimatedthatallunitsareatbaselineefficiency(EL0).•DOEestimatedbaselineenergyconsumptionas672kWhperyear.•Absorption•DOEestimatedthatallunitsareat95%ofbaselineefficiency(EL1).•DOEestimatedEL1energyconsumptionas638kWhperyear.71EnergyUseAnalysisIssue Box 5: Are additional data available on theestimated annual field energy use of non-compressor(thermoelectric and/or absorption cooling) cooledcabinets and refrigerators?Requestforcomment72EnergyUseAnalysisIceMakers•DOEusedlaboratorytestingfromitsengineeringanalysistoestimateenergyuse.•DOEassumedaniceproductionrateof4lbs/daywheninuse.•DOEassumedIM‐CandIM‐Uareinconstantuse,whileIM‐Psareinuse50%ofthetime.•DOEassumed50%ofmarketshareatbaseline(EL0),and50%ofmarketshareatmax‐availableEL.73EnergyUseAnalysisIssue Box 6: Are additional data available on theenergy consumption and market shares of icemakers?RequestforComment•DOEreliedonitsowntestingoftworepresentativeIMsperproductclassfortheestimatedenergyuseoftheseproducts.74EnergyUseAnalysisHybridProducts•DOEreviewedmanufacturerwebsitestodeterminethecapacitiesandenergyuseofhybridproducts.•DOEidentifiedfourproductclasses.ProductClassAdjustedvolume(AV)(cu.ft.)*2014StandardEquationMaximumenergyuseofstandard(kWh/yr)Estimatedannualenergyuse(kWh/yr)RatioH‐3A‐BI13.4 8.02AV+228.5 336 516 154%H‐11A4.5 7.84AV+219.1 254 365 143%H‐13A5.7 9.17AV+259.3 312 441 142%H‐9I‐BI15.7 9.86AV+344.9 500 413 83%75Life‐CycleCost(LCC)andPaybackPeriod(PBP)Energy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR76Life‐CycleCost(LCC)andPaybackPeriod(PBP)•Purpose•Provideaneconomicevaluationfromtheend‐user’sperspective.•Life‐CycleCost(LCC)isthetotalpurchasercostoverthelifeofaproduct.•PaybackPeriod(PBP)isthetimerequiredtorecovertheincreasedpurchasepriceofmoreenergy‐efficientproductsthroughreducedoperatingcosts.•Method•Use10,000samplepurchasers.•DeterminetotalinstalledcostsforeachEL.•Determineoperatingcostsforfirstyearandlifetimeofproduct.•CalculatePBPbydividingaverageincreaseininstalledcostbyaveragedecreaseinfirst‐yearoperatingcost.•CalculateLCCbyaddinginstalledcostandlifetimeoperatingcosts.•CalculateLCCsavingsbysubtractingLCCofeachELfromLCCoftheELthatwouldbepurchasedintheabsenceofanewstandard.77LCCandPBP•MonteCarlosampleof10,000purchasers.•DOEdevelopedsamplesfromrespondentstotheLBNLstudy.•DOEestimatedproportionsofpurchaseswithinCCandNCRclasses:•CC:15%Vaporcompression,85%Thermoelectric•NCR:90.5%Thermoelectric,9.5%AbsorptionPurchaserSamples78LCCandPBP•BaselinepurchasepriceestimatedfromLBNLstudy.InstalledCostProductMeanBaselineRetailPrice(2013$)CC‐1508CC‐2224NCR‐1150NCR‐2150•Constantpricetrendusedforbaselineandincrementalprices.•Estimatecostsin2021basedoncostsin2012.•Salestaxdeterminedbygeographiclocationofpurchaser.•InstallationcostsestimatedfromLBNLstudy.•Assumedthatcostswouldnotvarywithefficiencylevel.ProductMeanBaselineRetailPrice(2013$)IM‐P189IM‐C1024IM‐U96579LCCandPBP•Annualenergyconsumption‐‐fromtheenergyuseanalysis.•ElectricitypriceestimatedusingdatafromEIA.•Estimatedpricebasedongeographiclocation.•RepairandmaintenancecostsestimatedfromtheLBNLstudy.•Assumedthatcostswouldnotvarywithefficiencylevel.•Discountrates•Usedtodiscountoperatingcoststoyearofpurchase(i.e.,2021).•Usedadistributionofdebtandassetclassesforpurchasingappliances.•e.g.,stocks,mutualfunds,savingsaccounts,bonds,loansOperatingCost80OperatingCost•Lifetime•CCsandNCRs:DOEfitasurvivalprobabilityfunctiontothecurrentagedistributionestimatedfromtheLBNLstudy.•Otherproducts:DOEassumedthelifetimeswouldbethesameassimilarrefrigerationproducts.•Estimatedmeanvalues:•4.3yearsforCCsandNCRs.•8.0yearsforIMs.•17yearsforH‐3A‐BIhybrids.•22yearsforH‐9I‐BIhybrids.•5.6yearsforH‐11AandH‐13Ahybrids.LCCandPBP81LCCandPBP•ELsthatpurchaserswouldpurchaseinabsenceofastandard.•Estimatedfromefficiencymarketsharesinenergyuseanalysis.Base‐CaseDistributionofELs82LCCandPBPSampleResultsforCooledCabinetsEL%ofCEC‐equivalentenergyuseAverageCosts(2013$)SimplePaybackPeriod(years)AverageLifetime(years)InstalledCostFirstYear’sOperatingCostLifetimeOperatingCostLCC026729286357649‐‐‐4.31200318652695871.24.32160334532175511.24.33130346431775241.24.34100358341384961.24.3590365301254901.34.3680385271124971.64.377040724995061.84.386042521865112.04.395044318735162.24.3104053115605913.34.3113261512496644.34.383LCCandPBPSampleResultsforCooledCabinetsEL%ofCEC‐equivalentenergyuse%ofConsumersthatExperienceaNetCostAverageLife‐CycleCostSavings(2013$)026700120003216009313001941000335902396802232770442386051189505813104087‐61113295‐13584LCCandPBPSampleDistributionofResultsforCooledCabinets85RequestforCommentIssue Box 11: Are additional data available on thehistorical, current, and projected future stocks,shipments and lifetimes of cooled cabinets, noncompressor refrigerators, ice makers, and hybridrefrigeration products?86PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Overview2Market/Technology, Screening, & Engineering3Markups, Energy Use, Life-Cycle, & Payback4Shipments and National Impact Analysis5Manufacturer Impact Analysis6Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Analysis7Closing Remarks87PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR88ShipmentsAnalysis•Purpose•Estimatecurrentshipmentsforeachproduct.•Projectfutureshipments.•Estimatetheimpactofnewstandardsonfutureshipments.•Methodology•DOEestimated2012shipmentsfromtheLBNLstudy.•Shipmentprojectionsaredisaggregatedinto•Newconstruction•Replacements•Shipmentstohotels(absorptionrefrigeratorsonly)•Theimpactofnewstandardsonfutureshipmentswasprojectedusingpriceelasticity.89ShipmentsAnalysisBaseCaseShipmentsProjection•Depictsthesituationwherenewstandardsarenotadopted.•Shipmentsin2012werederivedbydividingestimatedstockbythemeanestimatedproductlifetime.•ShipmentprojectionsinnewconstructionwerederivedbymultiplyingnewhousingstartsfromAEO2014byhouseholdsaturations.•DOEassumedthathouseholdsaturationsofMREFproductswouldremainconstant.•Shipmentsforreplacementsaccountforthebalanceofshipments.90ShipmentsAnalysisBaseCaseShipmentsProjections:SaturationinU.S.HomesClass Productdescription SaturationCooledcabinetsCCVapor‐compressionwinechiller 1.6%Thermoelectricwinechiller 9.0%Cooledcabinetsubtotal 10.6%Non‐compressorrefrigeratorsNCRThermoelectricrefrigerator 3.8%Absorptionrefrigerator 0.4%Non‐compressorrefrigeratorsubtotal 4.2%IcemakersIM‐P Portableicemaker 3.2%IM‐C Cooled‐storageicemaker 0.4%IM‐U Uncooled‐storageicemaker 1.1%HybridproductsH‐3A‐BIBuilt‐instandard‐sizedhybridall‐refrigeratorswithautomaticdefrost 1.9%H‐9I‐BIBuilt‐instandard‐sizedhybridfreezerswithautomaticdefrostandanautomaticicemaker0.8%H‐11A Compacthybridall‐refrigeratorswithmanualdefrost 0.2%H‐13A Compacthybridall‐refrigeratorswithautomaticdefrost 1.0%91ShipmentsAnalysisSummaryofBaseCaseShipmentsProductclassEstimated2012ShipmentsEstimated2050ShipmentsCooledcabinetsCC 2,900,0004,490,000Non‐compressorrefrigeratorsNCR 1,100,0003,820,000IcemakersIM‐P 506,000790,000IM‐C59,000 91,000IM‐U 169,000260,000HybridrefrigerationproductsH‐3A‐BI 130,000200,000H‐9I‐BI 40,00062,000H‐11A 50,00078,000H‐13A 200,000310,00092ShipmentsAnalysisStandardsImpactsonShipments•Standards‐caseprojectionsusepurchasepriceincreasesandoperatingcostsavingstoestimateshipmentsimpacts.•Apriceelasticityfactor,derivedfromaliteraturereviewofotherhouseholdappliances,wasusedtodetermineifshipmentswoulddecreaseduetoincreasedpurchaseprice.•DOEfoundcooledcabinetsshipmentswoulddecreaseifstandardswereintroducedatEL5andhigher.•Forallotherproducts,DOEfoundnoimpactofnewstandardsonshipments.93ShipmentsAnalysisRequestforCommentIssue Box 12: Are additional data available on thehistorical, current, and projected future stocks,shipments, and lifetimes of cooled cabinets, noncompressor refrigerators, ice makers, and hybridrefrigeration products?94PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR95NationalImpactAnalysis•Purpose•Assessthenational‐levelimpactsateachefficiencylevelasmeasuredby:•NationalEnergySavings(NES)full‐fuel‐cycleresults•NetPresentValue(NPV)oftotalconsumereconomicimpacts•Methodology•UsetheshipmentsmodeltoestimatethetotalstockofeachMREFproduct.•Aggregatethecostsandenergyuseperunitineachyear.•ThedifferencebetweenthebasecaseandstandardscaseineachyearyieldstheNESandtheNPVofconsumereconomicimpacts.•Accountforthetime‐valueofmoneythroughdefineddiscountrates.96NationalImpactAnalysisProcess•NESandNPVcalculatedforMREFproductsshippedovertheperiodfrom2021‐2050(30yearsofshipments).ShipmentsModelNationalEnergySavingsNationalEconomicImpactsLCCAnalysisResults andOther InputsNationalEnergy Savings(Quads)NationalNet Present Value(2013 US $, billion)97NationalEnergySavingsFlowDiagram98NationalConsumerNetPresentValueFlowDiagram99NationalImpactAnalysisInputsInput DescriptionTotalInstalledCost TotalinstalledcostfromtheLCCanalysis.AnnualEnergyUse AnnualenergyusefromtheLCCanalysis.Base‐CaseEfficienciesShipments‐weightedefficienciesdeterminedfortheeffectiveyear.Basedonbase‐caseefficiency distributionfromLCCanalysis.Standards‐CaseForecastedEfficienciesRoll‐upscenarioassumedfordeterminingshipment‐weightedefficiencyforeachstandards case.EnergyPrices AveragepricesandforecastedenergypricesfromEIAAEO2014 forecasts(to2040)andextrapolationto2080.FullFuelCycle Multipliersto convertsiteenergytofull‐fuelcycleenergy.DiscountRate 7 percentand3percentrealfromOMB’sRegulatoryAnalysisGuidelineA‐4.PresentYear Futureexpensesarediscountedtotheyear2014.100NationalImpactAnalysisNationalEnergySavingsResultsbyStandardLevel(QuadrillionBritishthermalunits[quads])EfficiencyLevelCC NCR IM‐P IM‐C IM‐U H‐3A‐BI H‐11A H‐13A H‐9I‐BI10.052 0.0630.012 0.0010.0080.019 0.0030.014 0.00020.139 0.1340.024 0.0030.0170.043 0.0100.048 0.00030.292 0.2040.036 0.0040.0250.051 0.0120.059 0.00040.518 0.2750.048 0.0060.0330.055 0.0150.071 0.00150.618 0.3460.059 0.0070.0420.0170.08260.733 0.4160.071 0.0080.0500.0190.09370.852 0.4870.0770.0580.0200.09980.976 0.501 0.06291.102101.199111.266101NationalImpactAnalysisCumulativeNetPresentValuebyStandardLevel,3%DiscountRate(Billionsof2013Dollars)EfficiencyLevelCC NCR IM‐P IM‐C IM‐U10.278 0.470 0.082 0.0090.05620.743 0.997 0.163 0.0180.11131.559 1.525 0.245 0.0270.16742.762 1.779 0.327 0.0360.22253.278 2.125 0.408 0.0440.27863.026 2.649 0.490 0.0450.33472.629 2.891 0.5330.38982.485 2.7590.41792.33710‐1.95311‐5.985Note:DOEdid notdevelopcost‐efficiencycurvesforhybridrefrigerationproducts;hence,itcouldnotcalculateNPVresultsfortheseproducts.102NationalImpactAnalysisCumulativeNetPresentValuebyStandardLevel,7%DiscountRate(Billionsof2013Dollars)EfficiencyLevelCC NCR IM‐P IM‐C IM‐U10.118 0.208 0.036 0.0040.02420.315 0.441 0.072 0.0080.04930.661 0.675 0.107 0.0120.07341.171 0.775 0.143 0.0150.09751.388 0.920 0.179 0.0190.12261.226 1.151 0.215 0.0200.14670.989 1.245 0.2340.17080.875 1.1750.18290.75810‐1.36711‐3.345Note:DOEdid notdevelopcost‐efficiencycurvesforhybridrefrigerationproducts;hence,itcouldnotcalculateNPVresultsfortheseproducts.103PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Overview2Market/Technology, Screening, & Engineering3Markups, Energy Use, Life-Cycle, & Payback4Shipments and National Impact Analysis5Manufacturer Impact Analysis6Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Analysis7Closing Remarks104PreliminaryAnalysisRulemakingStageEnergy UseAnalysisShipmentsAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysisLife-CycleCost andPaybackPeriod AnalysisMarket &TechnologyScreeningAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisMarkupsAnalysisPreliminaryManufacturerImpactAnalysisFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPR105ManufacturerImpactAnalysisManufacturerImpactAnalysis(MIA):Overview•Purpose:•Toassesstheimpactsofstandardsonmanufacturers;•Toidentifyandestimateimpactsonmanufacturersubgroupsthatmaybemoreseverelyaffectedthantheindustryasawhole;and•Toexaminetheimpactsondirectemployment,productcompetition,manufacturingcapacity,andcumulativeregulatoryburdensontheindustry.•Methodology:•Analyzeindustrycashflowandindustrynetpresentvalue(INPV)throughuseoftheGovernmentRegulatoryImpactModel(GRIM);and•InterviewmanufacturerstorefineinputstotheGRIM,developsubgroupanalyses,andaddressqualitativeissues.106ManufacturerImpactAnalysisManufacturerImpactAnalysis(MIA):OverviewPhase1:•DOEcreatesanindustryprofiletocharacterizetheindustryandidentifyimportantissuesthatrequireconsideration.Phase2:•DOEpreparestheGovernmentRegulatoryImpactModel(GRIM)asaframeworkforanalyzingindustrycash‐flowandpreparesaninterviewquestionnairetoguidesubsequentdiscussionsandcollectkeydata.Phase3:•DOEinterviewsmanufacturersandassessestheimpactsofamendedstandardsbothquantitatively(usingtheGRIM)andqualitatively,examiningimpactsoncompetition,manufacturingcapacity,employment,andregulatoryburden.IndustryprofileDeveloppreliminaryGRIMDevelopinterviewguideInterviews&industrywide /subgroupanalysesAssess directemployment,competition,& cumulativeburdenPhase 2Phase 3Phase 1107ManufacturerImpactAnalysisKeyIssuesIdentifiedDuringthePreliminaryMIA•Timingofnewstandardsrelativetothe2014ECSforrefrigerators,refrigerator‐freezers,andfreezers;•Impactsofhighersellingprices;•Impactsonconsumerutility;•Capitalandproductconversioncosts;and•Disproportionateimpactsonsmallbusinesses.108PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Overview2Market/Technology, Screening, & Engineering3Markups, Energy Use, Life-Cycle, & Payback4Shipments and National Impact Analysis5Manufacturer Impact Analysis6Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Analysis7Closing Remarks109NOPRStageFrameworkDocumentFinalRulePreliminaryAnalysisNOPRManufacturerImpactAnalysisUtilityImpactAnalysisEmploymentImpactAnalysisConsumerSubgroupAnalysisRevisePreliminaryAnalysisEmissionsAnalysisRegulatoryImpactAnalysisEngineeringAnalysisLife-CycleCost &PaybackPeriodAnalysisNationalImpactAnalysis110NOPRAnalyses•LCCSubgroupAnalysis•Effectsonvariousnationalconsumersubgroups.•ManufacturerImpactAnalysis•ContinueworkbeguninthepreliminaryMIA.•EmissionsAnalysisandMonetizationofEmissionReductionBenefits•Effectsonairbornepollutantemissions.•UtilityImpactAnalysis•ModeleffectsongenerationcapacityofutilitiesusingNEMS.•EmploymentImpactAnalysis•Indirecteffectsonnationalemployment.•RegulatoryImpactAnalysis•Potentialfornon‐regulatoryapproaches.111PublicMeetingSlidesTopics1Overview2Market/Technology, Screening, & Engineering3Markups, Energy Use, Life-Cycle, & Payback4Shipments and National Impact Analysis5Manufacturer Impact Analysis6Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Analysis7Closing Remarks112ClosingRemarksIssue Box 13: General Comments on Analyses or AssumptionsDuring each stage of the preliminary analysis, DOE madeassumptions related to key parameters of the analytical processon the premises that the assumed parameters reflect the actualconditions that miscellaneous refrigeration products experience.These assumptions are described in the respective TSD chapters.DOE welcomes comments on these assumptions.113ClosingRemarksDOE welcomes any closing remarks from interested parties.114HowtoSubmitWrittenCommentsInallcorrespondence,pleaserefertotheMREFrulemakingby:– EnergyConservationStandardsRulemakingforMiscellaneousConsumerRefrigerationProducts– DocketNumberEERE‐2011‐BT‐STD‐0043– RegulationIdentificationNumber(RIN)1904‐AC51Email:WineChillers‐2011‐STD‐0043@ee.doe.govPostal:CourierMs.BrendaEdwardsMs.BrendaEdwardsU.S.DepartmentofEnergyU.S.DepartmentofEnergyBuildingTechnologiesProgram,BuildingTechnologiesProgramMailstopEE‐2J950L’EnfantPlazaSW,Suite6001000IndependenceAvenue,SWWashington,DC20024Washington,DC20585‐0121Tel:202586‐2945CommentperiodclosesFebruary2,2015,11:59PMET115RelevantWebpages•DOEApplianceStandards•http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/standards‐and‐test‐procedures•MiscellaneousConsumerRefrigerationProductsRule•http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/rulemaking.aspx/ruleid/71116BACKUPSLIDES117Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringThefollowingtableshowsthedesignoptiongroupsforthe6ft3cooledcabinetanalysis.•Thefirstthreelevelsrepresenttestedunits,whilethefourthrepresentsatheoreticalmax‐techefficiencylevel.•Forthetestedunits,efficiencylevelsareanaverageofratingsandmeasurements.BaselineUnit:~100%ofBaselineMedium‐EfficiencyUnit:75%ofBaselineMax‐AvailableUnit:48%ofBaselineMax‐TechEfficiencyLevel:32%ofBaselineCondenserFanMotorSPMSPMSPMBLDCInsulationThickness1.75”ontopandrear,1.5”onsidesandbottom1.5”ontop,sides,andrear,2”onbottom2”onallsides 2”thickonallsidesVacuum‐InsulatedPanelsNone None NoneVIPsonhalfthecabinet’ssurfaceareaCompressorEER3.0 3.2 4.9 Variable‐speedEvaporatorColdwall Roll‐bond Roll‐bondwithfan Forced‐convectionGlassDoorBaseline(dual‐pane,nolow‐ecoatingorinertgasfilling)Baseline(dual‐pane,nolow‐ecoatingorinertgasfilling)Medium‐tech(dual‐pane,low‐ecoating,argon‐filled)Max‐tech(triple‐pane,low‐ecoated,krypton‐filled)118Market/Technology,Screening,&EngineeringThefollowingtableshowsthedesignoptiongroupsforthe2ft3cooledcabinetanalysis.•Thefirsttwolevelsrepresenttestedunits,whiletheremainingthreearebasedonthe6ft3curve.BaselineThermoelectricUnit:273% ofBaselineBaselineVCUnit:87%ofBaselineMedium‐EfficiencyUnit:75%ofBaselineMax‐AvailableUnit:48%ofBaselineMax‐TechEfficiencyLevel:32%ofBaselineCondenserFanMotorN/A(Thermoelectric)N/A(Hotwall) SPMSPMBLDCInsulationThickness2”onallsides1”onsides,top,andbottom,1.25”onrear1.5”ontop,sides,andrear,2”onbottom2”onallsides 2”thickonallsidesVacuum‐InsulatedPanelsNoneNone None NoneVIPsonhalfthecabinet’ssurfaceareaCompressorEERN/A(Thermoelectric)3.0 3.2 4.9 Variable‐speedEvaporatorN/A(Thermoelectric)Roll‐bond Roll‐bond Roll‐bondwithfan Forced‐convectionGlassDoorBaseline(dual‐pane,nolow‐ecoatingorinertgasfilling)Baseline(dual‐pane,nolow‐ecoatingorinertgasfilling)Baseline(dual‐pane,nolow‐ecoatingorinertgasfilling)Medium‐tech(dual‐pane,low‐ecoating,argon‐filled)Max‐tech(triple‐pane,low‐ecoated,krypton‐filled)