2007 D e c i sion s O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit 11-30-2007 

# W in at a v . Atty Ge n U SA P r e c e de n t i al or N on-P r e c e de n t i al : N on-P r e c e de n t i al D ocke t N o . 06-3012

F o l low thi s a nd a dd it ion al work s at : http://d i git alc ommon s .l a w . vi l l a no va . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2007

Thi s de c i sion i s br ou ght t o you for f r e e a nd ope n a c c e s s b y the O p inion s of the U nit e d S t at e s C our t of Appe al s for the Thir d C ir c uit at V i l l a no va U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit or y

. It h as be e n a c c ept e d for inclusion in 2007 D e c i sion s b y a n author i z e d a dmini s tr at or of V i l l a no va U nive r sity S choo l of L a

w Di git al Reposit or y

. F or mor e inform at ion, p le as e c on t a ct Be n j amin . C a rl s on@l a

w . vi l l a no va . e du . Re c omme nde d C it at ion " W in at a v . Atty Ge n U SA" (2007). 2007 D e cisio n s . P ape r 170. http://d i git alc ommon s .l a

w . vi l l a no va . e du/thir dc ir c uit_2007/170NOT P RE CE DE NT I AL UN I TED STATES CO UR T OF A PP EALS F O R T H E T H IR D C IR C U IT

_______________ N o: 06- 3012

_______________ YE NYT A WI NAT A, Pet i t i oner v. A t t orneyG eneral of the U nit ed S t at es, R es pondent

_______________ Pet i t i on forR evi ew of an O r derof the U ni t ed St at es D epart m entof J us t i ce B o a rd o f Im m ig ra tio n A p p e a ls ( B I A N o. A 96- 266- 157) I m m i gr at i on J udge: H on. R . K . M al l oy

_______________ Subm i t t ed U nderT hi r d C i r cui tL A R 34. 1( a)

N ovember 8, 2007 B e f o re : S C IR IC A , C hi ef

Judge , AM BR O a n d J OR DAN, C i r cui tJudges ( Fi l ed N ovember 30, 2007 )

_______________ OPI NI ON O F THE COURT

_______________ J O R D A N , C i r cui tJudge.W e have j ur i s di ct i on 

### to rev iewa f in al d ecisio no f

th e B IAun d er 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 5 2 (a). 1 

### We m u st su stainth e B IA ’s d ecisio nif it is sup p o rtedb y

sub stantial ev id en ce. J

arbough v. A tto rn ey G en era l o

f U .S ., 4 8 3 F .3 d1 8 4 , 1 9 1 -9 2 (3 dC ir. 2 0 0 7 ). T h is is a h ig h ly deferenti alst andard of

re view. The BIA's dec is ion “m ust be uph el d unles s the evidence no t only supp orts a c on trar

y conclusi on , but com

pels it .” A b dille v. A sh cro ft , 242 F. 3d 47 7, 48 3-84 (3d C ir . 200 1). 2 Y enyt a W i nat a ( “W i nat a”) pet i t i ons forr evi ew of the B oar d of I m m i gr at i on A ppeal s ’ ( “B I A ”) deni al of hercl ai m forw i t hhol di ng of r emoval . W e w i l l denyt he pet i t i on. 1 I . BA CKGROUND W i nat a i s a ci t i zen of

I ndones i a and e t hni cal l yC hi nes e. She ent er ed the U ni t ed St at es i n A pr i l of 2001. A ppr oxi m at el yt w o y ear s l at er , s he fi l ed an a ppl i cat i on for asy lum , w ith h o lding o f re m o v al, an d p rotec ti o n u n d er the C o n v en ti o n A g ains t T o rtu re (“ C A T ” ). H e r c laim s a re b a se d o n tw o in c id e n ts th a t o c c u rre d w h ile s h e w a s liv in g in I ndones i a. Fi r s t , i n 1980, aft ers om e r i ot s i n herhom et ow n t hatpi t t ed ethni c I ndones i ans a g a in st e th n ic C h in e se , an e th n ica llyIn d o n e sia n m a n k ill e d W in a ta’ s f o u r-y e a r-o ld br ot her . T he as s ai l antl at ert ol d pol i ce thathe had ki l l ed the boyoutof ange raboutt he r i ot s and, w hen he s aw C hi nes e peopl e, he w as over t aken byt he devi l . T he man r ece i ved a tw o y e a r j a il s e n te n c e , a lth o u g h W in a ta b e lie v e s h e d id n o t s e rv e h is f u ll s e n te n c e . T he s econd i nci dentoccurr ed i n D ece m ber2000, w hen thr ee e thni c I ndones i ans at t em pted t o rob W i nata and h er boy fri end . L i ke W i nata, her boy fri end w as al so e th n ic a lly C h in e s e . D u ri n g th e c o n f ro n ta tio n , o n e o f

th e m e n s ta b b e d W in a ta ’s b o y f ri e n d .3

W hen W i nat a and he rboy fr i end w entt o t he hos pi t al , t he hos pi t al s t aff di d nott r eatt he boy fr i end i m m edi at el y , and he e ventual l ybl ed t o death. A l t hough t he pol i ce i nves t i gat ed th e m u rd e r, W in a ta d o e s n o t k n o w if th e ye v e r c a u g h t th e m e n re s p o n s ib le . A n I m m i gr at i on J udge ( “I J ”) hel d a hea r i ng on W i nat a’ s appl i cat i on on F e b ru a ry2 5 , 2 0 0 5 , an d d e n ied a ll o f h e r c laim s f

o r re lief. W in a ta f

iled a tim e lya p p e a l to t he B I A , and the B I A aff i r m ed. I tdeni ed W i nat a’ s as y l um cl ai m beca us e s he fi l ed the cl ai m m or e than one y earaft erent er i ng t he U ni t ed St at es . I tdeni ed herw i t hhol di ng of re m o v a l cla im b e c a u se th e tw o in c id e n ts in In d o n e sia d id n o t es tab lish th a t sh e w o u ld l i kel ybe per s ecut ed i f s he r etur ned t o I ndones i a. I tdeni ed hercl ai m forr el i ef unde rt he C A T b e c a u s e s h e h a d n o t s h o w n th a t s h e w o u ld b e to rt u re d if s h e re tu rn e d to In d o n e s ia . I I . DI S CU S S I ON W i nat a l i m i t s herappea l t o t he B I A ’ s deni al of hercl ai m forw i t hhol di ng of re m o v a l. T o q u a lifyf

o r w ith h o ld in g o f

re m o v a l, an a p p lica n t m u st d e m o n stra te th a t 

### s he f a c e s a" c l e ar

p r o b ab i l i ty o f

p e r s e c ut i o no na c c o unt

o f r a c e , r e l i g i o n , n at i o n a l i ty, m em bers hip in a partic ular

soci algroup, or po li ti ca l opinion .”8 U .S.C. § 11 01 (42)(A); IN S v. Stevic , 4 6 7 U .S . 4 0 7 , 4 2 9 -3 0 (1 9 8 4 ); J anus iak v . I NS, 947 F.2d46 , 47 (3dCir. 1991) . W e have expl ai ned thatper s ecut i on “does notencompas s al l t r eatm entt hatour s oci etyr egar ds as unfai r , unj us t , oreven unl aw ful oruncons t i tut i onal . ” Fa t i n v . I NS , 12 F .3 d 1 2 3 3 , 1 2 4 0 (3 d C ir . 1 9 9 3 ).4

W i nat a ar gues t hats he fa ces a cl earpr obabi l i t yof per s ecut i on on acc ountof her r ace orherm ember s hi p i n a part i cul ars oci al gr oup i f s he r etur ns t o I ndones i a. A ccor di ng t o W i nata, she i s el i gibl e for w i t hh oldi ng of rem ov al si nce h er br otherw as ki l l ed b ecause of hi s r ace and the governm entdi d l i t t l e t o br i ng t he murde r ert o j us t i ce. She fur t her ar gues t hats he i s el i gi bl e forw i t hhol di ng of r emoval beca us e hos pi t al per s onnel di d not t r eatherboy fr i end i n t i m e t o pr eventhi s death and the pol i ce di d notcat ch her b o y f ri e n d ’s k ille r. W e conc l ude thatt he B I A ’ s deci s i on deny i ng W i nat a’ s w i t hhol di ng of r emoval cl ai m i s s uppor t ed bys ubs t ant i al evi dence . A l t hough t he dea t hs of W i nat a’ s y oung b roth er a n d h er b o y frien d are terri b le t o co n tem p lat e, th eyo cc u rred o v er tw en tyy ea rs apartand appe art o have be en the r es ul tof r andom act s of vi ol ence . W i nat a’ s out r age a t t he br i ef s ent ence and ea r l yr el eas e of he rbr ot her ’ s ki l l eri s m or e than under s t andabl e, butt o concl ude thatt he s ent ence and r el eas e w er e r aci al l ym ot i vat ed w oul d be s pecul at i ve and w oul d, i n anyevent , be onl yobl i quel yr el evantt o W i nat a’ s as s er t i on t hat sh e w o u ld b e th e tar g e t o f p e rse c u tio n if

sh e re tu rn e d to In d o n e sia . S im ilarly , n o th in g in th e re c o rd in d ica tes th a t th e h o sp ital sta f f ’s f a ilu re to tre a t W in a ta’ s b o y f rie n d in tim e to pr eventhi s death w as m ot i vat ed byW i nat a’ s , orherboy fr i end’ s , r ace orgr oup m ember s hi p. Fi nal l y , W i nat a t es t i fi ed onl yt hats he di d notknow i f herboy fr i end’ s ki l l er w as caught , and nothi ng i n t he r ecor d i ndi cat es t hatanyfai l ur e t o cat ch the ki l l erw as due t o r ace orm ember s hi p i n a part i cul ars oci al gr oup.5

B eca us e the B I A ’ s deci s i on i s s uppor t ed bys ubs t ant i al evi dence , w e mustdenyt he p e t i t i o n f o rr e v i e w.