[Cite as State v. Drake, 2011-Ohio-3042.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

 )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT 

COUNTY OF SUMMIT ) 

STATE OF OHIO 

 Appellee 

 v. 

MICHAEL R. DRAKE 

 Appellant 

C.A. No. 25528 

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT 

ENTERED IN THE 

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS 

COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO 

CASE No. CR 10 02 0529(A) 

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: June 22, 2011 

 

WHITMORE, Presiding Judge. 

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Michael Drake, appeals from his convictions in the Summit 

County Court of Common Pleas. This Court affirms. 

I 

{¶2} At approximately 2:00 a.m. on February 24, 2010, Akron Police Officers Todd 

Myers and Warren Soulsby, Jr. responded to a dispatch for a noise complaint at an apartment on 

Julien Circle in Akron. When they arrived at the apartment, Officers Myers and Soulsby looked 

through the apartment’s front window and saw a female and a male, later identified as Drake, 

standing inside. Both officers observed Drake holding a syringe against his arm as if to inject 

himself. The officers then radioed for assistance and waited outside. 

{¶3} Upon the arrival of additional officers, the police knocked and announced their 

presence. The resident of the apartment, Roseanne Dugger, answered the door and admitted that 

she had been engaging in drug-related activity. The police entered the apartment with Dugger’s 
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consent and found Drake and another male inside. They also found items of paraphernalia and 

several narcotics, including bindles of heroin. Because he exhibited signs of heroin use, the 

police arrested Drake after the search. The police were not immediately able to identify Drake, 

as he initially provided officers with his brother’s name instead of his own. 

{¶4} On March 9, 2010, a grand jury indicted Drake on the following counts: (1) 

possession of heroin, in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(6); (2) illegal use or possession of drug 

paraphernalia, in violation of R.C. 2925.14(C)(1); (3) falsification, in violation of R.C. 

2921.13(A)(3); and (4) obstruction of official business, in violation of R.C. 2921.31(A). The 

matter proceeded to a jury trial on July 19, 2010. The jury determined that Drake did not possess 

drug paraphernalia, but found him guilty of all the remaining charges. The court sentenced 

Drake to eleven months in prison. 

{¶5} Drake now appeals from his convictions and raises four assignments of error for 

our review. For ease of analysis, we consolidate several of the assignments of error. 

II 

Assignment of Error Number One

“DEFENDANT SUFFERED PREJUDICE THROUGH PLAIN ERROR AS THE 

PROSECUTION FAILED TO ESTABLISH VENUE IN ITS CASE-IN-CHIEF, 

AS REQUIRED BY THE OHIO CONSTITUTION, SECTION 10, ARTICLE I.” 

Assignment of Error Number Two

“DEFENDANT LACKED EFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL 

BECAUSE TRIAL COUNSEL FAILED TO MOVE FOR A JUDGMENT OF 

ACQUITTAL AT THE CLOSE OF THE STATE’S CASE-IN-CHIEF AS THE 

STATE FAILED TO ELICIT TESTIMONY OF THE ADDRESS, CITY, AND 

COUNTY WHERE THE CRIME OCCURRED.” 
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{¶6} In his first and second assignments of error, Drake argues that the State failed to 

establish venue beyond a reasonable doubt and that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to 

move for an acquittal on that basis. We disagree. 

{¶7} “[T]he State must prove venue beyond a reasonable doubt unless the defendant 

waives it.” State v. Smallwood, 9th Dist. No. 24282, 2009-Ohio-1987, at ¶5, citing State v. 

Headley (1983), 6 Ohio St.3d 475, 477. The State may do so either expressly or indirectly by 

reference to “all the facts and circumstances in the case.” Headley, 6 Ohio St.3d at 477. 

{¶8} Here, Drake argues that the State failed to prove venue because the prosecutor did 

not “elicit any testimony of the city or county where the crime occurred[.]” To the contrary, the 

State’s very first witness, Officer Myers, testified that this incident occurred at Julien Circle, 

which he later identified as being located in “Akron, Ohio, Summit County.” Dugger also 

testified as to the apartment’s address and location in Akron, Ohio. Consequently, the State 

established venue beyond a reasonable doubt, and Drake’s first assignment of error is wholly 

devoid of merit. Moreover, because the State established venue, Drake’s counsel was not 

ineffective for failing to move for an acquittal on that basis. See Strickland v. Washington

(1984), 466 U.S. 668, 687 (setting forth test for ineffective assistance). Drake’s first and second 

assignments of error are overruled. 

Assignment of Error Number Three

“DEFENDANT’S CRIMINAL RULE 29 MOTION SHOULD HAVE BEEN 

GRANTED AS TO THE COUNT OF POSSESSION OF HEROIN.” 

{¶9} In his third assignment of error, Drake argues that his conviction for possession of 

heroin is based on insufficient evidence. We disagree. 
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{¶10} In order to determine whether the evidence before the trial court was sufficient to 

sustain a conviction, this Court must review the evidence in a light most favorable to the 

prosecution. State v. Jenks (1991), 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 274. Furthermore: 

“An appellate court’s function when reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to 

support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to 

determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind 

of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is 

whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, 

any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime 

proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus; see, 

also, State v. Thompkins (1997), 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 386. 

“In essence, sufficiency is a test of adequacy.” Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 386. 

{¶11} “No person shall knowingly obtain, possess, or use a controlled substance.” R.C. 

2925.11(A). “If the drug involved in the violation is heroin ***, whoever violates [R.C. 

2925.11(A)] *** is guilty of possession of heroin.” R.C. 2925.11(A)(C)(6). “A person acts 

knowingly, regardless of his purpose, when he is aware that his conduct will probably cause a 

certain result or will probably be of a certain nature. A person has knowledge of circumstances 

when he is aware that such circumstances probably exist.” R.C. 2901.22(B). 

{¶12} Drake argues that his conviction for possession of heroin is based on insufficient 

evidence because the police did not find any drugs on his person. Yet, both Officers Myers and 

Soulsby testified that they observed Drake holding a syringe to his arm and that he was acting in 

a manner consistent with heroin use. Specifically, Officer Myers testified that Drake had slurred 

speech, his eyes were droopy, and he looked like he was falling asleep; all of which he identified 

as symptoms of heroin use. Officer Soulsby corroborated that testimony and another officer, 

Officer Brian Cresswell, testified that Drake’s pupils seemed dilated. Officer Cresswell 

confirmed that dilated pupils are another indication of heroin use. Moreover, Officer Myers 

testified that he observed needle marks on Drake’s right arm; the same arm against which he saw 
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Drake holding a syringe shortly before the police entered Dugger’s apartment. The police 

confiscated heroin bindles from Dugger’s apartment when they searched it. 

{¶13} The evidence in the record supports the conclusion that Drake used heroin. See 

R.C. 2925.11(A) (including use as a form of possession). Consequently, Drake’s conviction for 

possession of heroin is based on sufficient evidence. Drake’s third assignment of error is 

overruled. 

Assignment of Error Number Four

“PLAIN ERROR OCCURRED AS APPELLANT INCURRED TWO 

CONVICTIONS BASED ON A SINGLE ACT, IN VIOLATION OF OHIO 

REVISED CODE § 2941.25(A).” 

{¶14} In his fourth assignment of error, Drake argues that the trial court committed plain 

error by convicting him of allied offenses. Specifically, he argues that he should not have been 

convicted of both falsification and obstruction of official business because both charges stemmed 

from his failure to provide the police with his real name. 

{¶15} R.C. 2941.25(A) prohibits the imposition of multiple convictions for the same 

conduct. For purposes of R.C. 2941.25, a conviction consists of both a guilty verdict and a 

sentence or penalty. State v. Whitfield, 124 Ohio St.3d 319, 2010-Ohio-2, at ¶12. Upon our 

review of the record, the sentencing entry in this case orders that Drake’s obstruction of official 

business charge merge with his falsification charge, as the two counts constitute allied offenses 

of similar import. The trial court only imposed a sentence on the falsification count. Thus, the 

court appropriately left the jury’s guilty verdicts intact and only sentenced Drake on one count in 

accordance with Whitfield. Whitfield at ¶27. Drake’s fourth assignment of error is overruled. 
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III 

{¶16} Drake’s assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Summit County 

Court of Common Pleas is affirmed. 

Judgment affirmed. 

 There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 

 We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common 

Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy 

of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27. 

 Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of 

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the 

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(E). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is 

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the 

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30. 

 Costs taxed to Appellant. 

 

 BETH WHITMORE 

 FOR THE COURT 

MOORE, J. 

DICKINSON, J. 

CONCUR
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APPEARANCES:

DONALD GALLICK, Attorney at Law, for Appellant. 

SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN R. DIMARTINO, Assistant 

Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.