United States Court of Appeals

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

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No. 03-1575

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United States of America, *

*

Appellee, * Appeal from the United States

* District Court for the Eastern

v. * District of Missouri.

*

Keith Byron Baranski, * [UNPUBLISHED]

*

Appellant. *

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Submitted: September 11, 2003

Filed: September 23, 2003

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Before MELLOY, RICHARD S. ARNOLD, and FAGG, Circuit Judges.

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PER CURIAM.

Keith Byron Baranski, a federally licensed firearms dealer, imported more than

400 machine guns from Eastern Europe. To remove the firearms from the customs

warehouse, however, Baranski needed letters from law enforcement departments

requesting demonstrations of the weapons or indicating a desire to purchase them.

Baranski teamed up with a felon named Carmi who provided fictitious police

department letters. Using the bogus letters, Baranski removed nearly fifty of the guns

from the customs warehouse and sold them to Carmi. The scheme unraveled when

the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco & Firearms (ATF) checked one of the letters. 
*

The Honorable Charles A. Shaw, United States District Judge for the Eastern

District of Missouri. 

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The Government charged Baranski with conspiracy to import machine guns

illegally by submitting false entries in forms submitted to the ATF. See 18 U.S.C. §

371. At trial, the evidence against Baranski included the allegedly false documents

submitted to the ATF, the testimony of two co-conspirators, letters and faxes sent by

Baranski, and the testimony of an ATF agent to whom Baranski had admitted

submitting false documents. A jury convicted Baranski, and the district court*

sentenced him to sixty months in prison. The Government sought and obtained

criminal forfeiture of the weapons. See 26 U.S.C. § 5861(l). 

On appeal, Baranski raises several issues. First, Baranski challenges the denial

of his motion to suppress results of a search warrant. The district court properly

denied the motion to suppress. Baranski was not entitled to a hearing under Franks

v. Delaware, 438 U.S. 154 (1978), because there was probable cause for issuance of

the warrant regardless of the alleged errors. United States v. Briscoe, 317 F.3d 906,

907 (8th Cir. 2003). The warrant should not have been suppressed for lack of

particularity. Although the warrant did not set out the property to be seized, the

warrant referred to a sealed affidavit that described the weapons. United States v.

Cherna, 184 F.3d 403, 412-14 (5th Cir. 1999) (holding good faith exception applies).

Even if the weapons should have been suppressed, their admission at trial was

harmless error because Baranski was charged with knowingly making false

statements on machine gun importation applications, and the documents and trial

testimony proved the Government’s case. Further, the district court did not clearly

abuse its discretion in admitting the fifteen machine guns into evidence at trial. Their

size, number, and military qualities were circumstantial evidence of Baranski’s

knowledge they were not being imported for sale to law enforcement. Baranski does

not assert how admission of the weapons prejudiced him. 
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Baranski also challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to convict him.

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, we conclude a

reasonable jury could have found Baranski guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. United

States v. Yockel, 320 F.3d 818, 824 (8th Cir. 2003). The evidence showed Baranski

made false statements on ATF applications, knew the police letters were fraudulent,

planned to sell the weapons to Carmi whom Baranski knew could not legally buy

them, and joined the conspiracy admitted by Carmi. 

Next, Baranski asserts the district court should have granted a new trial

because of alleged prosecutorial misconduct, specifically, allegedly improper crossexamination and closing argument during trial. Having carefully reviewed the record,

we conclude the alleged misconduct did not substantially prejudice Baranski. Darden

v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 168, 181 (1986) (to warrant reversal, prosecutorial

misconduct must so infect the trial with unfairness that the defendant’s conviction is

a denial of due process). 

Last, Baranski challenges the criminal forfeiture of weapons and accessories.

The indictment included a notice of forfeiture of 372 machine guns and twelve crates

of accessories for them under 26 U.S.C. §§ 5872 and 7302, 28 U.S.C. § 2461(c), and

21 U.S.C. § 853. We conclude forfeiture was authorized under 28 U.S.C. § 2461(c),

which provides:

If a forfeiture of property is authorized in connection with a violation of

an Act of Congress, and any person is charged in an indictment . . . with

such violation but no specific statutory provision is made for criminal

forfeiture upon conviction, the Government may include the forfeiture

in the indictment . . . and upon conviction, the court shall order the

forfeiture of the property . . . . 

Although Baranski was convicted of a conspiracy under 18 U.S.C. § 371, the

indictment alleged Baranski committed the conspiracy by making and submitting
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false entries on applications in violation of 26 U.S.C. § 5861(l). Forfeiture of

firearms involved in any violation of 26 U.S.C. § 5861(l) is authorized by 26 U.S.C.

5872. Thus, the forfeiture was legally permissible. Further, the evidence was

sufficient to support the forfeiture order. The district court only had to find the

weapons were intended to be used to commit or facilitate commission of the charged

crime. 21 U.S.C. § 853(a)(2). Carmi’s testimony supported the finding that Baranski

intended to sell the seized guns to Carmi. 

Having considered and rejected all the issues raised by Baranski, we affirm the

district court. 

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