# Patent

## Title
Mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller

## Abstract

The present invention relates to a mechanically-adjustable pitch marine vessel propeller attached to a shaft driven by an engine of a marine vessel, comprising a substantially cylindrical hollow hub and a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from the hub and being capable of rotating around an axis being in a radial direction relative to the hub. The propeller according to the present invention comprises an actuator movable linearly along the axis of the hub and at least one motion transmission means communicating with the actuator and each blade for converting the linear motion of the actuator into the rotational motion of each blade in a radial direction relative to the axis of the hub.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not applicable
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH
Not applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller for marine vessels.
A propeller is designed by taking many parameters into account in order to provide the optimum thrust to the marine vessel provided therewith. For example, design parameters such as dimensions of the marine vessel body, load of the marine vessel, engine power, and density of the water the marine vessel cruises on are important inputs for determining the diameter and pitch of the propeller to be produced. Once a propeller has been produced with the blades thereof being static relative to the hub, the propeller may become heavy in torque against the cruise conditions if the pitch is large and it requires more power from the engine. However, if the pitch is low, i.e. if it is ‘light’, it cannot deliver enough engine power as thrust. In either case, performance of the propeller falls. A propeller designed with the blades being static relative to its hub (not adjustable pitch) is known as the ‘fixed pitch propeller’.
A new propeller needs to be used since modification attempts against the lightness of the propeller do not work. In the case where the propeller is heavy as term, the diameter can be downsized, however this brings along a number of problems (e.g. mass balancing problem of the propeller can take place due to the centrifugal force exerted, it can not be possible for each blade to uniformly face water). Such modification does not result in a propeller providing high performance in changing cruise condition, because when the conditions of the marine vessel changes, when the load thereof increases for instance, the performance of fixed pitch propeller falls again. For this reason, variable pitch type propellers have been proposed.
Use of variable pitch propellers against variable conditions such as marine vessel speed and load improves the performance (and therefore reduces fuel consumption). On the other hand, blades of the variable pitch propellers must be rotated by a certain amount relative to the blade hub so as to provide the optimum pitch by being controlled according to each changing condition. This often requires using a complex and costly control/drive mechanism.
Therefore, a propeller providing optimum thrust to a marine vessel according to the changed cruise conditions such as load and speed by adjusting the pitch in a simple and inexpensive way is needed.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to provide a propeller providing optimum thrust to a marine vessel according to changing cruise conditions such as load and speed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a propeller having the pitch thereof being mechanically-adjusted in a simple and relatively inexpensive way.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller to be adapted to a conventional shaft of marine vehicles currently in use.
In accordance with the above objects, the present invention relates to a mechanically-adjustable pitch marine vessel propeller attached to a shaft driven by an engine of a marine vessel, comprising a substantially cylindrical hollow hub and a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from the hub and being capable of rotating around an axis being in a radial direction relative to the hub. The propeller according to the present invention comprises an actuator movable linearly along the axis of the hub and at least one motion transmission means communicating with the actuator and each blade for converting the linear motion of the actuator into the rotational motion of each blade in a radial direction relative to the axis of the hub.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion of the actuator can linearly move inside a cavity formed in the axial direction in the hub. The external geometrical form of the actuator is compatible with the geometrical form of the cavity formed inside the hub and cross section of said form preferably comprises a cornered geometry such as a pentagon, square, etc.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller comprises a structure being adaptable to the already existing propeller shafts. This is achieved by means of a sleeve longitudinally placed on the propeller shaft. The actuator is placed on the sleeve so as to perform linear motion thereon.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the linear motion of the actuator along the axis of the hub is provided by means of a threaded shaft communicating with the actuator.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiment of the present invention and advantages thereof with the additional components should be considered together with the figures explained below in order to be fully understood.
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembled cross sectional perspective view of the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to the present invention with the wrench being placed;
FIG. 3 is an assembled perspective view of the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to the present invention without the hub;
FIG. 4 is an assembled perspective view of the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to the present invention without the conical piece;
FIG. 5 is a detailed perspective view of the hub blade connection;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the blade and motion transmission element connected thereto;
FIG. 7 is an assembled perspective view of the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to the present invention with the blades installed and without the hub;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the actuator;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the portion of the actuator remaining inside the hub; and
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the shaft sleeve.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are described in detail herein a specific preferred embodiment of the invention. This description is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment illustrated.
As shown in FIG. 1, the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller (2) according to the present invention is axially attached on a propeller shaft (1). The propeller shaft (1) is driven by an engine (not shown in the figures) of a marine vessel connected thereto. Threads (1.1) are formed along a certain length on an end portion of the propeller shaft (1) and the propeller (2) is fixed to the shaft (1) after being fitted thereon by tightening of a nut (8) being placed on the threads (1.1) of the propeller shaft (1).
The propeller (2) comprises a cylindrical hub (3) and a plurality of blades (10) extending radially outwardly from the hub (3). The hub (3) comprises a front end (3.4) and a rear end (3.5) and an open cavity (3.1) formed along the axis thereof. The cross section of the hub cavity (3.1) preferably comprises a cornered geometry such as a pentagon, hexagon, square etc. along almost the entire axis thereof. The cross sectional geometry on an end (3.5) portion of the hub cavity (3.1) is partially circular and a cross sectional narrowing takes place when being advanced from the circular cross section to the cross section with cornered geometry. The cross sectional narrowing defines an abutting surface (3.7) for the actuator (4) to be described later.
The hub (3) comprises a plurality of blade connection openings (3.3) formed circularly along the hub thickness in the radial direction. Blade seating surfaces (3.2) are formed around each of the blade connection openings (3.3). Said blade seating surfaces (3.2) start from the external surface of the hub (3) and partially extend radially inwardly.
An actuator (4) moving linearly in the direction of the axis of the hub (3) is placed partially into the hub cavity (3.1). The actuator (4) has a longitudinal form and comprises longitudinal actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) entering into the hub cavity (3.1). The cross sectional geometry of the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) are compatible with the cross sectional geometry of the hub cavity (3.1). Namely, the cross sectional geometry of the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) also comprises preferably a cornered geometry such as a pentagon, hexagon, square etc. In this situation, the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) cooperates with the hub interior cavity surfaces (3.6). However, in terms of dimensions, the cross section of the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) are made slightly smaller than the cross section of the hub cavity (3.1) such that the linear advancing of the actuator (4) inside the hub (3) can be possible.
The inner portion of the actuator (4) comprises a cavity having a circular cross section along the axis thereof. The inner surface (4.8) of the actuator (4) is dimensioned so as to sit on the propeller shaft (1) and to linearly move thereon.
Actuator slots (4.2) arranged circularly in the radial direction and formed so as to have the same number with the blades are disposed on the advancing surfaces (4.1) of the actuator. Motion transmission pins (10.3) to be described later are fitted in the slots (4.2). The actuator comprises an actuator flange (4.3) protruding radially outwardly on the other end thereof, i.e. where no slots (4.2) are formed. The actuator flange (4.3) is placed inside the circular cross section of the hub cavity (3.1) and preferably abuts to the abutting surface (3.7) at a maximum advancing position of the actuator (4).
The actuator (4) further comprises rods (4.4) extending from the actuator flange (4.3) towards the other end thereof and an actuator disc (4.6) connected to said rods (4.4).
Rod connection slots (4.5) are formed on the actuator flange (4.3) as well as the actuator disc (4.6) for the connection of the rods (4.4). The rods (4.4) are provided with circular form, wherein a cavity is disposed in the middle portion thereof such that the propeller connection nut (8) is placed into said cavity.
A hole (4.7) is formed in the center of the actuator disc (4.6). A shaft (5) is supported at the hole (4.7) through the end portion thereof. Said support is a clearance fit, i.e. the shaft (5) can rotate relative to the actuator disc (4.6). However, various measures can be taken to avoid axial displacement of the shaft (5) inside the hole. For example, a circumferential diameter can be formed on the circular surfaces of the shaft remaining right outside the hole (4.7) and rings (12) can be placed into these slots.
Threads (5.1) are axially formed along a certain length on the other end of the shaft (5). A wrench groove (5.2) extending axially inwardly from the threaded end portion of the shaft (5) is formed. The wrench groove (5.2) can be provided with a form so as to be rotated with for example an allen wrench.
A conical piece (9) having a gradually tapering form for proper flow of the water leaving the propeller (2) is fixed on the rear end (3.5) portion of the hub. As shown in FIG. 2, the inner portion of the conical piece (9) comprises a cavity so as to receive the actuator disc (4.6), rods (4.4), propeller connection nut (8) and respective portion of the propeller shaft (1). The conical piece (9) also comprises a circular shaft cavity (9.3) extending axially starting from the pointed end portion thereof. Screw threads (9.2) are formed along a certain length on the shaft cavity (9.3). The screw threads (9.2) of the conical piece are compatible with the shaft threads (5.1) so as to work together. A wrench hole (9.1) is formed on the tapered end portion of the conical piece (9). In cases where conical piece (9) is not desired to be used, it should be appreciated that the hub (3) can be extended to the rear and the screw threads (9.2) of the conical piece in said case can be configured on the inner portion of the extended hub.
As shown in FIG. 2, when a wrench (11) such as an allen wrench is rotated by being placed into the wrench groove of the shaft, the shaft threads (5.1) advance the shaft (5) by moving on the conical piece threads (9.2). The shaft (5) is freely rotatable since it is loosely supported in the seating hole (4.7) of the actuator disc. When the shaft (5) advances, the actuator disc (4.6), and thus the actuator (4) advances by the push of the rings (12).
Each blade (10) comprises a blade-hub connection end (10.1) connected to the hub (3). The lower surfaces of the blade-hub connection ends (10.1) seat on the blade seating surfaces (3.2) formed on the hub (3). However, this is not a form-fitting seating, i.e. it is a loose seating, because, as will be described later, the blades (10) should be seated with a clearance so as to be rotated in their radial direction relative to the hub axis.
A motion transmission means (10.2) is provided in the lower portion of each blade-hub connection end (10.1) so as to be disposed on the blade connection opening (3.3). The motion transmission means (10.2) have preferably a disc-like form and there is provided a bolt slot (10.5) at the center thereof. There is also provided a bolt slot (10.6) in the lower portion of each blade (10). When the motion transmission means (10.2) is placed in the lower portion of the respective blade (10), the bolt slot (10.5) of the motion transmission means is aligned with the bolt slot (10.6) of the blade and then the motion transmission means (10.2) is fixed to the respective blade (10) by means of making a bolt connection. The bolt (10.8) is preferably an allen type of bolt and after the bolt slots (10.5, 10.6) are aligned, the allen bolt (10.8) is inserted into the hub (3) and then tightened by means of an allen wrench. The blade and hub connection can be additionally strengthened by using additional bolts (10.9) as shown in FIG. 5.
Each of the motion transmission means (10.2) in the form of a disc comprises a motion transmission pin (10.3) disposed at a certain distance from the center thereof and extending in the axial direction therefrom. Each of the motion transmission pin (10.3) is shaped so as to be received by the respective slot (4.2) formed on the advancing surfaces (4.1) of the actuator.
As mentioned above, when the shaft (5) is rotated, thus, the actuator (4) is advanced, each motion transmission pin (10.3) disposed in the actuator slot (4.2) is pushed to rotate a certain amount about the axis of the motion transmission means (10.2). Thus, the disc shaped motion transmission means (10.2) also rotates a certain amount about the axis thereof; because, the motion transmission means (10.2) is not rigidly connected to the hub (3), i.e. the motion transmission means (10.2) is movable relative to the hub (3). The motion transmission means (10.2) is rotatably disposed inside a cavity formed inside the hub (3) (blade connection opening).
Since each motion transmission means (10.2) is rigidly connected to the respective blade, when the motion transmission means (10.2) rotates, the blade (10) connected thereto also rotates about an axis radial to the axis of the hub (3). Thus, the pitch of the blades (10) can be manually adjusted as desired by means of a wrench (11).
As shown in FIG. 5, a cylindrical projection (10.7) extending downward from the hub connection end (10.1) of each blade is provided. A protrusion extending upward from the motion transmission means (10.2) fits inside the cavity of said projection (10.7). An O-ring (10.4) is disposed around the blade connection end projection (10.7). Thus, in the case the components (shaft threads, conical piece threads, motion transmission means, etc.)
adjusting the pitch of the blades (10) are lubricated, the ingression of sea water into these components is prevented.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller can be designed so as to be adapted to the already existing propeller shafts.
To achieve this, a shaft sleeve (6) is coaxially fitted on the propeller shaft (1). The shaft sleeve (6) comprises a flange (6.2) at one of its end and a staged cylinder (6.1) extending axially therefrom. The diameter of the first stage (6.1.1) of the shaft sleeve cylinder is greater than the diameter of the second stage (6.1.2) thereof. The outer diameter of the second stage (6.1.2) of the cylinder is slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular inner surface (4.8) of the actuator (4), thus, when the actuator (4) is seated on the second cylinder stage (6.1.2), it can move linearly thereon.
The outer diameter of the shaft sleeve flange (6.2) is substantially same as the outer diameter size of the hub (3). A static balance disc (7) is mounted on the propeller shaft (1) so as to correspond to the other end of the shaft sleeve flange (6.2). The static balance disc comprises disc connection holes (7.1) formed axially along the thickness thereof. In the case of mounting, the front end (3.4) of the hub abuts the shaft sleeve flange (6.2) and the circular connection holes (6.3) formed axially along the thickness of said flange (6.2) are aligned with the disc connection holes (7.1) as well as the connection holes formed circularly on the front end of the corresponding hub; then, these components (static balance disc, shaft sleeve and hub) are fixed by means of connection elements such as bolts.
The static balance disc (7) can be used to eliminate any possible mass imbalances of the propeller hub (3) or blades (10), which may occur due to manufacturing defects. In this case, the unbalanced mass is balanced by a mass (counter weight) against the static balance disc (7).
This completes the description of the preferred and alternate embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiment described herein which equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto.

## Claims

1. A mechanically-adjustable pitch marine vessel propeller (2) attached to a shaft (1) driven by an engine of a marine vessel, comprising a substantially cylindrical hollow (3.1) hub (3) and a plurality of blades (10) extending radially outwardly from said hub (3) and being capable of partially rotating around an axis being in a radial direction relative to the hub (3), characterized in that the propeller comprises an actuator (4) movable linearly along the axis of the hub (3) and at least one motion transmission means (10.2) communicating with the actuator (4) and each blade (10) for converting the linear motion of the actuator (4) into the rotational motion of each blade (10) in a radial direction relative to the axis of the hub further comprising a threaded shaft (5) providing the linear motion of the actuator along the axis of the hub, the threaded shaft (5) communicating with the actuator and wherein the shaft (5) is supported in a hole (4.7) formed at the center of an actuator disc (4.6) for rotating the shaft relative to the actuator disc (4.6), further comprising a conical piece (9) provided to an end (3.5) of the hub and having a gradually tapering form, the conical piece (9) comprising a circular shaft cavity (9.3) extending axially starting from the tapered end thereof, and the conical piece (9) comprising screw threads (9.2) formed along a certain length on the shaft cavity (9.3) and being compatible with the threads of the threaded shaft (5).

2. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, wherein the actuator (4) extends in a longitudinal direction and comprises longitudinal actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) entering into the cylindrical hollow (3.1) and wherein the actuator (4) comprises circularly arranged rods (4.4) extending from the actuator advancing surfaces (4.1) and the actuator disc (4.6) connected to the rods (4.4).

3. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, further comprises a shaft sleeve (6) fitted coaxially on the shaft (1), wherein the actuator (4) is provided on the shaft sleeve (6) such that the actuator (4) can make a linear move thereon.

4. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, wherein the actuator (4) comprises actuator slots (4.2).

5. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 4, wherein said actuator slots (4.2) are circularly arranged on the actuator (4).

6. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical hollow (3.1) hub has a cross sectional geometry and the actuator (4) has a cross sectional geometry, further wherein the cross sectional geometry of the cylindrical hollow (3.1) hub is at least partially compatible with the cross sectional geometry of the actuator (4).

7. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, wherein the actuator (4) has an inner portion, the inner portion of the actuator (4) comprises a cavity having a circular cross section along of the axis; and the cavity of the actuator is dimensioned so as to sit on the shaft (1) and to linearly move thereon.

8. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, further comprising the actuator (4) having actuator slots (4.2), wherein the motion transmission means (10.2) has a disc-like form having a center and comprises a motion transmission pin (10.3) provided apart from the center and extending in the axial direction therefrom, wherein the motion transmission pin (10.3) is receivable by the actuator slots (4.2).

9. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 8, wherein each motion transmission means (10.2) is fixedly connected to its respective blade (10) and movable relative to the hub (3).

10. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, further comprises rings (12) provided on the circular surfaces of the shaft at outside the hole (4.7).

11. A mechanically-adjustable pitch propeller according to claim 1, further comprises a wrench groove (5.2) extending axially inward from an end portion of the threaded shaft (5), wherein the wrench groove (5.2) is provided with a form to be manually rotated with a wrench.