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# November 13, 2009

Brian H. West

Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

NTRC Building

2360 Cherahala Boulevard

Knoxville, TN 37932

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 13 for the Period October 1, through October 31, 2009;

for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol

Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge Na tional Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456,

CRC Project E-87-2, SwRI Project 03.14530.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and

E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting ca talyst and oxygen sensor temperat ures. This project will also

generate valuable data on vehi cle emissions and performance.

Vehicles selected for this st udy will include a wide range of manufacturers across several

model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehi cles that have been identified

as having leaner and hotter opera tion on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open

throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large

numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknow n open-loop fuel control at WOT

may also be selected.

In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three

levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, a nd E20) and compare emissions and vehicle

performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service

accumulation and emissions testing are to be perf ormed on multiple sets of matched vehicles.

For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged a nd emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0,

E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three adde d service accumulation

levels: 0 miles (start of service accumula tion), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service

accumulation level), and at the end of the vehi cle’s full-useful life (nominally 120,000 miles).

Beginning in August 2009, selected ne w vehicle sets will be tested with E0, E15, and E20 fuels.

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

November 13, 2009

Page 2 of 5



# 2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PE RIOD OCTOBER 1-31, 2009

2.1 Honda Accords

The Honda Accords have completed vehicle service accumulation and emissions testing

to 120,000 odometer miles. Vehicle FTP emissi ons test data with NMOG and carbon balance

fuel economy data at 0 and 50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles for the Accords are

provided in Appendix A, Tables A1, A2, and A3, respectively.

2.2 Chevrolet Silverados

The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set has completed vehicle service accumulation and

emissions testing to 120,000 odometer miles. Silver ado vehicle FTP emissions test data at 0 and

50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles is pr ovided in Appendix A, Tables A4, A5, and

A6, respectively. Silverado alcohols and aldehyde s emissions data at 120,000 miles have been

updated since the previous progress report

2.3 Nissan Altimas

The Nissan Altima vehicle set continued w ith service accumulation on the SwRI Mileage

Accumulation Dynamometers during this reporti ng period. Service accumulation will continue

into the next reporting period to a total of 120,000 odometer miles on the highest mileage

vehicle. Emissions test data for the Altimas at 0 and 50,000 test miles are provided in Appendix

A, Tables A7 and A8, respectively. Emi ssions testing at 120,000 odometer miles will be

scheduled following completion of the service accumulation.

2.4 Ford Tauruses

The Ford Taurus vehicle set continued with service accumulation toward 50,000 test

miles during this reporti ng period. Taurus emissions data at zero test miles are given in

Appendix A, Table A-9. Vehicle emissions tes ting will resume in November following service

accumulation. Following emissions testing, service accumulation will continue until

approximately 120,000 odometer miles are reach ed on the highest mileage vehicle.

2.5 Dodge Caravans

Vehicle emissions testing of Dodge Caravans ORDC0, ORDC10, and ORDC15 at zero

test miles continued and was completed during this reporting period. Emission tests for

replacement Dodge Caravan ORDC20B were comp leted later in the re porting period. Dodge

Caravan emissions data for all four vehicles at zer o test miles are provided in Appendix A, Table

A10. Dodge Caravan vehicle set service accumula tion to 50,000 test miles is scheduled to begin

in November.

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

November 13, 2009

Page 3 of 5



# 2.6 Chevrolet Cobalts

The Cobalts began zero-mile emissions and wi de-open-throttle (WOT) testing during the

current reporting period. Emissions test data processed to date for the Cobalt vehicle set are

provided in Appendix A, Table A11. The Cobalts are scheduled to complete zero-mile

emissions testing and begin vehicle service accumulation to 50,000 test miles in November.

The Cobalt vehicle set is the first “three-vehic le” set for the project, and this set will

undergo service accumulation on E0, E15, and E 20 fuels. There will not be any service

accumulation testing with E10 fu el with this vehicle set.

2.7 Vehicle Procurement – Dodge Calibers , Nissan Quests, and Nissan Frontiers

During the previous reporting pe riod, three additional sets of vehicles were authorized for

procurement for the project. During the current reporting peri od, the search for three (3)

matched vehicles for each of the follo wing three vehicle models continued:

• 2007 Dodge Caliber, 2.0 L I-4 engine, CVT automatic transmission, EPA engine family:

7CRXB02.4ME5

• 2006 Nissan Quest minivan, 3.5 L V-6 engine , 5-speed automatic transmission, EPA

engine family: 6NSXT03.5G7B

• 2002 Nissan Frontier 2WD pickup truck, 2.4 L I-4 engine, 4-speed automatic

transmission, EPA engine family: 2NSXT02.4C4A

The specification for the 2007 Dodge Caliber en gine displacement was changed from the

2.4 L model to the 2.0 L model on October 19, 2009. This change was requested by Oak Ridge

and CRC because the 2.0 L engine is more available in the marketplace.

2.7 Wide-Open-Throttle Vehicle Accelera tion and Lambda Measurement Tests

Wide-open-throttle (WOT) vehicle accelerat ion tests were performed following extended

vehicle preps on new fuels and prio r to vehicle emission tests on a ll program vehicles. A partial

collection of WOT acceleration perf ormance data is included in Appendix B. These data provide

a comparison of the WOT closed-loop continuous lambda data measured with the vehicle

operating on E0 and on E20 project test fuels. One vehicle from each of six vehicle model sets is

represented in Figures B1 thr ough B6. Additional inte rpretation of WOT lambda data will be

discussed in future progress reports.

2.8 Engine Cylinder Compressi on and Leak-Down Tests

Engine cylinder compression and leak-down tests were performed on all vehicles

following emissions test activity. Compression and leak-down test data for the Honda Accord,

Chevrolet Silverado, Nissan Altima, and Dodge Caravan vehicle sets are provided in Appendix

C. While engine compression data can be va riable and dependent on engine environmental

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

November 13, 2009

Page 4 of 5



# conditions and other factors, al l the compression measurements reported to date suggest that

there is no concern with engine compression and leak-down test results at this time.

2.9 Vehicle Oil Consumption

Oil consumption history for the Honda Acco rd, Chevrolet Silverado, Nissan Altima, and

the Ford Taurus vehicle sets has been recorded by weight. Graphs of oil consumption versus test

miles are provided in Appendix D. There are no concerns with vehicle oil consumption at this

time.

2.10 Project Fuels

Fuels for emissions testing (fuels E0, E10, E15, a nd E20) have been blended in sufficient

quantities for use with the current vehicles un der test and for the Cobalt, Caliber, and Quest

three-vehicle (no E10) vehicle sets. These emissions test fuels have been drummed and are

being stored at 50°F.

The availability of commercial E0 durability fuel for this project remains the same as

reported last month. As reported previously, there is an expectat ion that E0 service accumulation

gasoline may not be available much longer at th e current supply terminal. This local fuel

terminal expects to have E0 available through December, and probably into January. SwRI has

identified another fuel terminal distributing E0 gaso line, and this terminal is expected to have E0

available through March 2010. SwRI will continue to purchase additional E0 fuel batches when

Institute fuel storage tanks can accommodate additional tanker deliveries. The availability of

commercial E0 gasoline will continue to be closely followed for the project.

2.11 Project Review Meeting

As mentioned in the previous progress report, Oak Ridge and CRC have scheduled a

project review meeting for Nove mber 5, 2009, and this meeting wi ll be held at SwRI in San

Antonio. Meeting minutes will be prepared and included in the next progress report.

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

The Nissan Altima vehicle set will conti nue service accumulation to a nominal 120,000

odometer miles (on the highest mileage vehicle). The Ford Taurus vehicle set will continue

service accumulation to 50,000 test miles. Emi ssions testing for these two vehicle sets is

scheduled to be conducted immediatel y following servic e accumulation.

The Dodge Caravan vehicle set service accumulation to 50,000 test miles is scheduled to

begin in November. The Cobalt vehicle set is sc heduled to complete zero-mile emissions testing

and begin vehicle service accumulation to 50,000 test miles.

Vehicle procurement efforts will continue for the Dodge Caliber, Nissan Quest, and

Nissan Frontier vehicle sets. Three (3) matched vehicles will be procured for each vehicle

model. The Dodge Caliber vehicle set is expected to be obtained and begin test preparations in

November.

# Brian H. West

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

November 13, 2009

Page 5 of 5



# SwRI will continue to monitor the current supplier of project E0 service accumulation

fuel for the anticipated switch to the distributi on of E10 road fuel. When the switch occurs,

SwRI plans to obtain E0 fuel for the project from another source. An out-of-state terminal is

expected to have E0 gasolin e available th rough March 2010.

4.0 CONCLUSION

If you have any questions rega rding this progress report, pl ease contact Marty Heimrich

at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org

.

Prepared by: Approved by:

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White

Manager Director

Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research

and Development and Development



# /sat

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI

Kevin Brunner, SwRI

This report shall not be reproduced, ex cept in full, without the written approv al of Southwest Research Institute ®



# . Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report.

# APPENDIX A

FTP VEHICLE EMISSIONS TEST DATA

2007 Honda Accords

2006 Chevrolet Silverados

2008 Nissan Altimas

2008 Ford Tauruses

2007 Dodge Caravans

2006 Chevrolet Caravans

# A- 1TABLE 1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0 MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-0k-T8E00.031 0.192 0.014 339.40.0030.028 0.030 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.3 26.352 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-0k-T9 0.037 0.257 0.019 340.80.004 0.033 0.035 0.30.1 0.2 0.9 0.2 26.243ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.036 0.274 0.018 338.7 0.003 0.0330.034 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 26.404 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-0k-T40.036 0.270 0.021 334.40.0040.0310.0330.4 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 26.745 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-0k-T2E100.025 0.143 0.020 332.9 0.003 0.0220.024 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.4 25.856 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-0k-T40.028 0.175 0.021 332.30.0030.0240.0270.2 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.5 25.897ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.025 0.172 0.014 332.80.0020.0220.0230.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 26.888 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.025 0.183 0.012 332.00.003 0.023 0.024 0.70.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 26.959 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2E150.019 0.130 0.015 332.40.0010.0170.0210.0 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 25.5010 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-0k-T3 0.016 0.109 0.014 332.20.001 0.014 0.017 0.00.9 0.0 0.6 0.5 25.5211ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.027 0.199 0.019 237.20.0030.0250.0260.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 27.3312 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-0k-T40.024 0.173 0.014 328.10.0040.0200.0210.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 27.2713 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-0k-T5E200.023 0.140 0.023 327.30.0040.0190.0230.3 1.6 0.0 0.6 0.6 25.2314 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-0k-T60.021 0.137 0.016 334.70.0030.0170.0210.3 1.5 0.0 0.6 0.7 24.67

# A- 2TABLE 2. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo.Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOGMethanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.044 0.183 0.023 334.30.0040.040 0.043 0.5 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.3 26.752 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.046 0.176 0.026 336.80.004 0.041 0.043 0.40.0 0.0 1.1 0.3 26.553ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.041 0.359 0.022 322.4 0.005 0.0360.038 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 27.724OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.026 0.217 0.016 323.90.0040.0220.0230.5 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 27.625 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.026 0.191 0.019 318.2 0.004 0.0220.024 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.4 27.046OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.029 0.206 0.029 321.90.0040.0250.0280.7 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.4 26.727ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.026 0.191 0.016 336.30.0030.0220.0240.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 26.608 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.185 0.021 339.80.003 0.029 0.031 0.50.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 26.329OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.037 0.173 0.022 324.70.0030.0340.0400.3 1.7 0.0 1.3 0.9 26.1010 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.134 0.025 333.60.003 0.026 0.030 0.21.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 25.4111ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.032 0.243 0.020 333.00.0040.0280.0290.5 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 26.8612OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.186 0.023 334.10.0040.0230.0250.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 26.7813OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2E200.026 0.124 0.025 321.20.0030.0220.0260.4 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.8 25.7114OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T3 0.026 0.154 0.023 328.50.0040.0220.0260.2 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.8 25.13

# A- 3TABLE 3. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 120k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.038 0.242 0.019 325.3 0.004 0.0350.036 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 27.492 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T3 0.062 0.212 0.032 331.00.004 0.058 0.061 0.50.2 0.0 1.8 0.4 27.013ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T4E00.039 0.292 0.027 335.2 0.006 0.0330.035 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.2 26.674OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.037 0.304 0.025 330.40.005 0.032 0.034 0.40.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 27.065 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T1E100.029 0.185 0.027 319.1 0.004 0.0240.028 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 26.966OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T2 0.028 0.178 0.026 322.30.005 0.023 0.025 0.00.7 0.1 0.7 0.5 26.697ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.034 0.305 0.019 331.3 0.003 0.0310.034 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 26.918 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.012 0.184 0.013 332.80.001 0.010 0.012 0.70.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 26.899OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T1E150.020 0.152 0.026 324.7 0.003 0.0160.029 4.8 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.6 26.1110 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.020 0.102 0.022 320.00.003 0.016 0.019 0.00.3 0.1 0.8 0.5 26.5011ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T4E00.034 0.260 0.022 325.7 0.004 0.0300.031 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.2 27.4512OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.035 0.272 0.022 323.80.005 0.030 0.033 0.40.2 0.1 0.8 0.2 27.6113OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T1E200.014 0.104 0.014 328.1 0.003 0.0100.016 0.3 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.9 25.1714OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.027 0.176 0.024 328.70.004 0.022 0.028 0.91.6 0.0 0.8 0.9 25.11

# A- 4TABLE 4. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.057 0.640 0.028 569.8 0.011 0.0460.047 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 15.662 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.050 0.561 0.026 571.80.009 0.040 0.042 0.40.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 15.613ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.061 0.898 0.021 575.5 0.014 0.0460.049 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 15.504OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.055 0.723 0.024 577.60.013 0.041 0.045 0.50.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 15.455 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T3E100.051 0.703 0.025 566.0 0.012 0.0370.041 0.2 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 15.206OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.790 0.028 557.70.013 0.039 0.043 0.41.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 15.427ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.060 0.871 0.019 553.1 0.013 0.0470.050 0.2 0.5 0.0 2.1 0.3 16.138 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.060 0.819 0.022 554.80.013 0.047 0.049 0.40.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 16.089OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T3E150.054 0.792 0.026 552.8 0.012 0.0410.048 0.2 2.8 0.0 0.8 1.2 15.1110 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 0.051 0.730 0.028 552.40.013 0.036 0.043 0.32.2 0.0 0.8 1.1 15.1211ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.067 0.919 0.024 554.9 0.013 0.0530.057 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.3 16.0712OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.066 0.905 0.022 558.70.008 0.060 0.062 0.50.3 0.0 0.6 0.2 15.9613OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T3E200.055 0.854 0.023 551.6 0.012 0.0420.051 0.2 3.4 0.0 0.8 1.5 14.9514OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.837 0.023 549.60.013 0.038 0.047 0.53.1 0.1 0.7 1.3 15.01

# A- 5TABLE 5. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.085 0.613 0.051 547.8 0.022 0.0620.066 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 16.292 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.071 0.737 0.042 542.70.015 0.054 0.058 1.00.3 0.6 1.0 0.2 16.443ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.043 0.673 0.025 537.6 0.013 0.0290.034 2.2 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.3 16.604OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.605 0.020 543.40.012 0.020 0.023 0.40.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 16.435 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.079 0.911 0.048 550.4 0.021 0.0560.064 1.2 2.7 0.1 1.1 0.9 15.626OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T3 0.070 0.736 0.044 549.60.021 0.047 0.058 1.54.5 0.0 1.0 0.8 15.657ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.045 0.653 0.020 526.8 0.014 0.0310.034 1.4 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.3 16.948 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.049 0.694 0.025 530.30.014 0.034 0.036 0.30.1 0.0 1.3 0.4 16.839OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.086 0.851 0.046 538.9 0.022 0.0620.077 0.7 6.3 0.0 1.6 1.8 15.4910 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.060 0.742 0.035 540.20.017 0.041 0.050 0.53.4 0.0 1.1 1.3 15.4611ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T3E00.040 0.507 0.022 532.2 0.015 0.0240.027 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.2 16.7812OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.037 0.462 0.022 524.30.012 0.024 0.032 6.30.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 17.0313OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T1E200.081 0.538 0.036 542.4 0.022 0.0560.073 2.8 6.9 0.1 1.0 1.5 15.2214OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.079 0.547 0.037 541.70.022 0.055 0.068 0.55.5 0.0 1.1 1.3 15.24

# A- 6TABLE 6. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 120k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T3E00.063 0.524 0.023 551.1 0.018 0.0440.045 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 16.202OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T4 0.068 0.563 0.040 551.20.018 0.049 0.051 0.30.1 0.0 1.2 0.3 16.203ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.067 0.721 0.043 551.6 0.016 0.0500.053 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.4 16.184 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.075 0.902 0.049 564.70.018 0.058 0.060 0.50.1 0.0 1.4 0.4 15.795OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T2E100.076 0.752 0.040 564.5 0.020 0.0540.062 0.5 2.9 0.0 1.4 1.1 15.246 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T3 0.077 0.796 0.045 560.40.020 0.054 0.063 0.42.7 0.0 1.5 1.5 15.347ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.093 1.092 0.035 558.5 0.024 0.0670.070 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.4 0.4 15.968OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.084 0.893 0.038 552.40.025 0.057 0.059 0.00.2 0.1 1.2 0.4 16.149 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T1E150.072 0.755 0.033 543.4 0.021 0.0490.059 0.4 3.5 0.0 1.4 1.2 15.3710OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.073 0.759 0.037 547.60.022 0.049 0.060 0.53.6 0.0 1.5 1.6 15.2511ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.092 0.861 0.045 549.8 0.025 0.0660.068 0.5 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.4 16.2212OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.090 0.811 0.054 563.20.024 0.065 0.067 0.30.0 0.0 1.3 0.4 15.8413OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T1E200.060 0.641 0.039 543.7 0.017 0.0420.052 0.4 3.7 0.0 1.4 1.5 15.1814OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.064 0.644 0.038 537.30.018 0.043 0.055 0.44.3 0.0 1.4 1.8 15.36

# A- 7TABLE 7. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORNA00OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.073 0.497 0.032 309.4 0.006 0.0670.068 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 28.822 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.068 0.425 0.029 311.90.006 0.061 0.062 0.20.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 28.603ORNA10OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.056 0.343 0.023 316.1 0.003 0.0530.054 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 28.234OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.058 0.404 0.025 314.10.006 0.052 0.053 0.20.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.405 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T1E100.059 0.393 0.023 313.3 0.000 0.0580.063 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.7 27.456OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T5 0.060 0.345 0.033 318.10.005 0.055 0.060 0.32.1 0.0 0.5 0.7 27.047ORNA15OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.059 0.392 0.025 317.2 0.006 0.0530.054 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 28.138 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.059 0.428 0.031 316.60.006 0.053 0.054 0.20.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 28.189OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T1E150.042 0.325 0.022 314.0 0.005 0.0370.042 0.3 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.9 26.6110 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.057 0.429 0.023 308.50.006 0.050 0.056 0.62.4 0.0 0.3 0.8 27.0711ORNA20OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.061 0.382 0.022 319.4 0.005 0.0570.058 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 27.9312OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.065 0.393 0.027 319.80.006 0.059 0.060 0.20.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 27.8913OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T1E200.045 0.307 0.022 308.1 0.000 0.0450.052 0.2 3.2 0.0 0.4 1.1 28.3314OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.055 0.322 0.029 306.90.005 0.050 0.059 0.24.5 0.0 0.4 1.3 28.44ORNA20 fuel economy testresults under investigation

# A- 8TABLE 8. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORNA00OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.072 0.557 0.049 323.6 0.006 0.0660.068 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 27.542OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.068 0.589 0.052 320.60.007 0.060 0.062 0.30.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 27.803ORNA10OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T2E00.032 0.253 0.030 305.5 0.005 0.0270.029 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 29.224 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.042 0.203 0.035 305.60.005 0.038 0.039 0.60.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 29.185OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.061 0.482 0.040 316.4 0.007 0.0530.062 3.9 2.1 0.1 0.6 0.7 27.176 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.500 0.053 311.20.007 0.055 0.065 5.92.4 0.1 0.7 0.7 27.627ORNA15OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.060 0.557 0.041 316.4 0.006 0.0530.055 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.218OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.067 0.227 0.041 314.30.006 0.061 0.063 0.20.3 0.0 0.6 0.3 28.419 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.071 0.214 0.052 316.6 0.007 0.0630.072 0.3 4.1 0.0 0.8 1.2 26.4010OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.051 0.215 0.037 324.20.005 0.045 0.052 0.22.9 0.0 0.5 1.0 25.7911ORNA20OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.052 0.488 0.034 321.7 0.006 0.0460.047 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 27.7312OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.052 0.537 0.038 313.30.006 0.046 0.047 0.00.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.4613OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T1E200.063 0.213 0.048 313.1 0.007 0.0550.065 0.3 4.3 0.0 0.7 1.3 26.3714OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.241 0.051 320.10.007 0.054 0.063 0.24.0 0.0 0.6 1.4 25.79

# A- 9TABLE 9. 2008 FORD TAURUS EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolForm-aldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORFT00OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.027 0.517 0.002 441.8 0.004 0.0240.024 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.392OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.030 0.591 0.003 437.20.004 0.026 0.029 1.10.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 20.603ORFT10OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.027 0.303 0.005 431.3 0.003 0.0240.026 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 20.914 OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.273 0.003 449.30.002 0.019 0.020 0.70.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.075OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T1E100.023 0.271 0.005 448.7 0.003 0.0190.024 0.3 2.3 0.0 0.2 0.4 19.196 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T2 0.026 0.285 0.003 438.70.003 0.023 0.034 1.35.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 19.637ORFT15OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.024 0.337 0.003 434.1 0.003 0.0220.024 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.1 20.778OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.012 0.229 0.001 429.00.002 0.010 0.013 3.40.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 21.039 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T1E150.017 0.303 0.001 422.6 0.003 0.0130.017 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.5 20.0810OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.019 0.297 0.002 425.60.003 0.015 0.021 0.82.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 19.9411ORFT20OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.028 0.509 0.003 439.5 0.004 0.0240.024 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.5012OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.031 0.518 0.003 437.70.004 0.027 0.028 0.40.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 20.5813OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T1E200.025 0.453 0.003 424.5 0.004 0.0200.028 1.7 2.6 0.3 0.2 0.7 19.4614OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.310 0.002 426.80.003 0.017 0.024 0.82.7 0.0 0.2 0.9 19.37

# A- 10TABLE 10. 2007 DODGE CARAVAN EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHC1ORDC00OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.045 1.415 0.037 447.9 0.007 0.038 20.052OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.057 1.7960.066 450.9 0.009 0.048 19.893ORDC10OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T4E00.049 0.974 0.025 459.4 0.007 0.042 19.584OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.056 1.2410.026 456.2 0.009 0.047 19.705OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T5E100.038 1.013 0.021 455.3 0.006 0.031 18.876 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T6 0.058 1.172 0.032 453.7 0.007 0.050 18.927ORDC15OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T4E00.036 0.856 0.025 460.8 0.005 0.031 19.538OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.045 1.0460.032 469.1 0.008 0.037 19.179OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T4E150.037 0.995 0.025 461.8 0.006 0.030 18.3310OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k11ORDC20OR-DC20B-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.053 0.890 0.020 462.1 0.007 0.047 19.4712OR-DC20B-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.056 0.9300.030 457.8 0.007 0.049 19.6513 OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T2E200.053 1.090 0.041 455.5 0.011 0.041 18.1014OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T5 0.056 1.0550.038 456.8 0.009 0.046 18.0515 OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T6 0.054 1.082 0.037 451.1 0.009 0.044 18.28

# A- 11TABLE 11. 2007 CHEVROLETCOBALT EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHC1ORCC00OR-CC00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.047 0.613 0.032 327.4 0.005 0.041 27.172OR-CC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.041 0.6200.038 331.4 0.006 0.035 26.843ORCC15OR-CC15-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.051 0.543 0.021 323.4 0.005 0.045 27.504 OR-CC15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.042 0.525 0.032 321.7 0.005 0.037 27.655OR-CC15-1-E15-F-0k-T2E150.042 0.465 0.026 317.2 0.005 0.037 26.596OR-CC15-1-E15-F-0k7ORCC20OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.044 0.432 0.028 314.3 0.005 0.039 28.318 OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k9OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.043 0.5100.019 314.3 0.004 0.038 28.3110OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0kE2011 OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.040 0.482 0.054 316.0 0.006 0.034 26.1012OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k

# APPENDIX B

WIDE-OPEN-THROTTLE (WOT) VE HICLE ACCELERATION TESTS

WITH LAMBDA MEASUREMENTS

2007 Honda Accord

2006 Chevrolet Silverado

2008 Nissan Altima

2008 Ford Taurus

2007 Dodge Caravan

2006 Chevrolet Cobalt

# B-1 

# FIGURE B-1. 2007 HONDA ACCOR D WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS

FIGURE B-2. 2006 CHEVROLE T SILVERADO WOT LAMBDA

COMPARISON WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

1Lambda



# Time (s) 

# ORHA20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 FuelDynoSpeedmph



# 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

1Lambda



# Time (s) 

# ORCS20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 FuelDynoSpeedmph

# B-2 

# FIGURE B-3. 2008 NISSAN ALTI MA WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS

FIGURE B-4. 2008 FORD TAUR US WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

1Lambda



# Time (s) 

# ORNA20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 FuelDynoSpeedmph



# 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

1Lambda



# Time (s) 

# ORFT20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 FuelDynoSpeedmph

# B-3 

# FIGURE B-5. 2007 DODGE CARA VAN WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS

FIGURE B-6. 2006 CHEVRO LET COBALT WOT LAMBDA

COMPARISON WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

1Lambda



# Time (s) 

# ORDC20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 FuelDynoSpeedmph



# 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

1Lambda



# Time (s) 

# ORCC20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 FuelDynoSpeedmph

# APPENDIX C

ENGINE CYLINDER COMPRESSI ON AND LEAKDOWN TEST DATA

2007 Honda Accord

2006 Chevrolet Silverado

2008 Nissan Altima

# C-1 FIGURE C-1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD COMPRESSION

FIGURE C-2. 2006 CHEVROLE T SILVERADO COMPRESSION 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4Compression (PSI)



# ORHA0-Zero ORHA0-50K ORHA0-EOT

ORHA10B-Zero ORHA10B-50K ORHA10B-EOT

ORHA15-Zero ORHA15 - 50K ORHA15-EOT

ORHA20-Zero ORHA20-50K ORHA20-EOT

150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Cylinder 5 Cylinder 6 Cylinder 7 Cylinder 8Compression (PSI)



# ORCS0 Zero-Mile ORCS0 50K ORCS0 EOt

ORCS10 Zero-Mile ORCS10 50K ORCS10 EOT

ORCS15 Zero-Mile ORCS15 50K ORCS15 EOT

ORCS20 Zero-Mile ORCS20 50K ORCS20 EOT

# C-2 FIGURE C-3. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA COMPRESSION 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4Compression (PSI)



# ORNA0 Zero-Mile ORNA0 50K

ORNA10 Zero-Mile ORNA10 50K

ORNA15 Zero-Mile ORNA15 50K

ORNA20 Zero-Mile ORNA20 50K

# APPENDIX D

OIL CONSUMPTION HISTORY GRAPHS

2007 Honda Accord

2006 Chevrolet Silverado

2008 Nissan Altima

2008 Ford Taurus

# D-1 FIGURE D-1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD OIL CONSUMPTION

FIGURE D-2. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO OIL CONSUMPTION 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



# Test Miles

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20 ORHA10B



# 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



# Test Miles

ORCS0 ORCS10 ORCS15 ORCS20

# D-2 FIGURE D-3. 2008 NISSAN A LTIMA OIL CONSUMPTION

FIGURE D-4. 2008 FORD T AURUS OIL CONSUMPTION 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



# Test Miles

ORNA0 ORNA10 ORNA15 ORNA20



# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



# Test Miles

ORFT0 ORFT10 ORFT15 ORFT20