# Patent

## Title
Cosmetic or dermatological preparation comprising collagen, chitosan, glycosylaminoglycan and cell growth promoting peptide and/or cellular complex

## Abstract

Disclosed is a cosmetic or dermatological preparation that is obtainable by combining collagen and/or a derivative thereof, chitosan and/or a derivative thereof, glycosylaminoglycan and/or a derivative thereof with a peptide that is capable of promoting skin cell growth and/or with a composition which comprises glycoproteins 1 and 2 and ginseng and horsetail extracts.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present application is a National Stage of International Application PCT/IB2010/000736, filed Feb. 1, 2010, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/148,711, filed Jan. 30, 2009, the entire disclosure whereof is incorporated by reference herein.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a cosmetic or dermatological preparation which is obtainable by combining collagen and/or a derivative thereof, chitosan and/or a derivative thereof and glycosylaminoglycan and/or a derivative thereof with at least one peptide which is capable of promoting skin cell growth and/or a cellular complex. In one aspect, the preparation may further comprise at least one nutrient medium phase for skin cells or corneal cells.
2. Discussion of Background Information
Various circulations exist within the human body, such as the blood circulation, the lymphatic system and the intracellular and extracellular tissue fluids. The composition of the solvent “water” with its mineral and bioorganic constituents in these various “transport media” is approximately the same and is based, highly simplified, on salts, amino acids, vitamins, sugars, proteins and proteids, and trace elements. During evolution, our body has learnt to create within these fluids “communication networks” and nutritional strategies, and an equilibrium of catabolic to anabolic processes, which make the complex life of our multicellular body possible. In this environment, our body has learnt to construct from its “single individuals”, the cells, a complicated but efficient network of direct and mediator-related contacts. These “communication pathways” function efficiently and harmlessly only if the natural dynamic equilibrium of our body, the so-called “homeostasis”, is maintained. If cells are removed from the tissue assemblage or if the homeostasis in the tissue assemblage is impaired, it is no longer possible for individual cells to exist or for tissues to function healthily. The medical and biosciences have for decades looked for possibilities of cultivating tissues or individual cells in suitable environmental conditions outside the body. This was successful only when it was possible to simulate as perfectly as possible the living conditions in the body for the single cells or tissue constituents to be cultivated.
Thus, if cells are removed from intact tissue, they must be cultivated in environments which come as close as possible to the natural living conditions in the body. Requirements for this are supply and transport away of nutrients, and the presence of vital factors.
These environments are well-defined compositions of mineral and biomaterials which are known in science as cell culture media. Cell culture media are obtainable from suitable specialist retailers as powder or liquid media and have slightly different compositions depending on the nature of the cells or tissue constituents to be cultivated. Cell culture media are used in liquid form. With a suitable composition, they make it possible to maintain or even multiply microorganisms or cells in culture, i.e., outside the body.
In the course of tissue research it has been possible to identify and investigate the individual needs of cells and cells in intact tissues. In this connection, the ratio of mineral and bioorganic substances of a cell culture medium is slightly variable from cell type to cell type and must be ascertained accurately for optimized survival and growth. The composition of the cell culture medium always depends on the requirements of the cells to be grown. A distinction is made between synthetic media, whose ingredients are accurately known on the basis of pure substances, and complex media, whose exact composition may vary and is in part not accurately known. Cell culture media usually comprise, besides water, a carbon source and a nitrogen source, phosphate compounds and sulfur compounds, and minerals and, optionally, growth promoters and/or vitamins.
If the compositions of the media are suitable, the cells are able to multiply and produce the factors necessary for survival “in situ” by themselves.
In order to generate good growth of the cells, serum is frequently added to the cell culture media. The serum has a complicated composition and provides the cells with, inter alia, hormones, adhesion factors, and amino acids. Culture media which contain serum are, however, costly and do not allow thermal sterilization. One therefore usually tries to make do with media which contain no serum. Serum-free culture media make it possible to cultivate cells under controlled and defined conditions, so that unwanted effects due to variations in the serum composition are eliminated. In addition, contamination of the cell cultures with viruses and bacteria is reduced when using serum-free media.
It is known that skin cells can be kept alive particularly well-preserved and for long periods of time and can even be induced to grow and differentiate in one-, two- and three-dimensional cultures by optimizing the ingredients in the culture medium. It has also been possible to demonstrate that suitable media also make possible the production of growth factors in situ.
When there are extreme changes in the skin resulting from extensive burns or chills, the integrity and the functionality of the cutaneous tissue may be so impaired that the skin is no longer able to regenerate on its own. The body responds to such severe events with hyperthermia, massive release of mediators of inflammation and irritation, and with an enormous loss of fluid, which in the past has always and inevitably resulted in the death of people with severe burns. Burns and chills which have led to losses of cutaneous tissue can be compensated by skin transplants and thus the skin can be closed. However, this is successful only if sufficient remaining skin is available for transplantation. In cases of burns of more than 60% of the total cutaneous tissue, transplantation on its own is usually of no assistance. It is necessary to re-produce viable tissue from the remaining skin cells. In this connection, because of the rejection reactions between non-HLA-compatible tissues, it is not possible to take allogeneic skin or allogeneic skin cells. It is therefore necessary to form a new cutaneous tissue in situ from the remaining viable skin cells.
The hornified epidermis forms the protective shield of the skin. For this function to be optimally exercised it is necessary for the skin cells (keratinocytes) to pass through the process of so-called epidermal differentiation. After division of the cells in the basal layer, the keratinocytes migrate to the skin surface and undergo a number of changes during this, until they form the horny layer (stratum corneum) as dead, flat, anuclear corneocytes, and eventually are desquamated. During the epidermal differentiation there is formation of various proteins having specific functions. These include, inter alfa, keratins, involucrin, filaggrin and transglutaminase. For optimal formation of the epidermis and the horny layer it is necessary for these proteins to be formed in coordinated fashion and in sufficient quantity.
Many cosmetics, skin care products or wound healing products which help to compensate or at least reduce the disorders of the skin are known in the prior art.
Thus, for example, geroderma is cosmetically treated primarily with vitamin A derivatives or hydroxy acids which lead, via stimulation of the proliferation of the basal cells in the epidermis, to a thickening of the epidermis and thus smoothing of the skin. More recent approaches consist of targeted replacement of the proteins which are absent or present in reduced quantity in dry skin or geroderma, or indirect intervention in the metabolic processes which are disturbed in dry skin or with increasing age, in order to normalize them. An example which may be mentioned here is stimulation of collagen synthesis with the aim of reducing wrinkles. In addition, for example, laminin, substances for prolonging the lifetime of skin cells and certain extracts for stimulating epidermal differentiation are employed. However, some of these are pharmacologically active substances with a high potential for side effects.
None of the preparations known from the prior art on their own enable the skin to reconstitute/regenerate itself without displaying unwanted side effects.
It would be advantageous to have available a preparation which enables the skin to regenerate itself without displaying unwanted side effects.
EP 296078, EP 462426, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,116,824, 6,541,023 and 5,808,050 and U.S. Published Patent Application Nos. 2005/0249661 A1, 2005/0287182 A1 and 2006/0182701 A1, the entire disclosures whereof are incorporated by reference herein, disclose preparations which comprise chitosans, collagens and glycosylaminoglycans. It has now unexpectedly been found that corresponding preparations can be greatly improved by incorporating therein a peptide which is capable of promoting cell growth (or at least the part thereof which is capable of binding to skin cell receptors) and/or a composition which stimulates fibriblasts and/or keratinocytes and comprises certain glycoproteins and plant extracts. This is the first time that curing skin factors which make possible the regeneration of burnt skin ex vivo are combined with peptides and/or glycoproteins, resulting in not only a protection and distinct differentiation of skin cell clones but also in an activation of transient amplifying cells and stem cells of the dermis and epidermis (meenchymal stem cells), which has not been observed so far.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a cosmetic or dermatological preparation which is obtainable by combining certain substances. These substances comprise

    
    
        (a) collagen and/or a derivative thereof;
        (b) chitosan and/or acetylated chitosan with a degree of acetylation of up to about 50%;
        (c) at least one glycosylaminoglycan and/or a derivative thereof;

and at least one (and preferably both) of (d) and (e):

        (d) at last one peptide which is capable of promoting cell growth;
        (e) a composition comprising
        
            (i) glycoprotein 1;
            (ii) glycoprotein 2;
            (iii) ginseng extract; and
            (iv) horsetail extract.
        
        
    
    


In one aspect of this preparation, at least one of the substances (a) and (b) may be of marine origin or of synthetic origin.
In another aspect, the collagen (a) may comprise one or more collagens selected from types 1, 3, 4 and 5 and/or the chitosan (b) may comprise chitosan having a molecular weight of from about 80,000 g/mol to about 15,000,000 g/mol and/or chitosan obtained from crustaceans and/or insects and/or the glycosylaminoglycan (c) may comprise chondroitin 4-sulfate and/or chondroitin 6-sulfate.
In yet another aspect, peptide (d), if present, may comprise at least one cell growth factor mimicking peptide. For example, peptide (d) may comprise oligopeptide-21 or at least a part thereof (in particular, at least that part which is capable of binding to skin cell receptors).
In a still further aspect, peptide (d), if employed, may be present in a form which substantially prevents it from contacting (a), (b) and (c) (and (e), if present) directly. For example, (d) may be present in the form of a nanoemulsion.
In another aspect, the weight ratio of (i) to the sum of (ii), (iii) and (iv) in (B) may be from about 10:90 to about 50:50, e.g., from about 20:80 to about 40:60. For example, it may be about 25:75. In yet another aspect, (e) may comprise (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) in a total amount of from about 0.3 to about 1.2% by weight, based on the total weight of (e).
In another aspect, substances (a) to (c) may be employed in a total amount of from about 0.0005% to about 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation, e.g., in a total amount of from about 0.0015% to about 30% by weight, from about 0.005% to about 10% by weight, from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight, or from about 0.015% to about 0.1% by weight.
In another aspect, peptide (d), if present, may be employed in an amount of from about 0.0001% by weight to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation, e.g., in an amount of at least about 0.0003% by weight.
In another aspect, composition (e), if present, may be employed in an amount of from about 0.0001% by weight to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation, e.g., in an amount of at least about 0.0003% by weight.
In another aspect of the preparation of the present invention, the weight ratio of substances (a) and (c) may be from about 35:1 to about 3:1, e.g., from about 20:1 to about 6:1, or from about 10:1 to about 8:1, and/or the weight ratio of substances (a) and (b) may be from about 10:1 to about 1.5:1, e.g., from about 7:1 to about 2.5:1, or from about 5:1 to about 3.5:1, and/or the weight ratio of the substances (b) and (c) may be from about 10:1 to about 1:1, e.g., from about 5:1 to about 1.5:1, or from about 3:1 to about 2:1.
In another aspect, the preparation of the present invention may further comprise at last one substance selected from amino acids, α-biotin, (NH4)6Mo7O24, adenine, AlCl3, biotin, CaCl2, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, CoCl2, CrK(SO4)2, CuSO4, D-Ca pantothenate, EDTA.Na2, EDTA.Na3, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, folic acid, glucose, H2SeO3, HEPES, hypoxanthine, insulin human, KCl, linoleic acid, lipoic acid, MgCl2, MnCl2, MnSO4, myo-inositol, Na2HPO4, Na2SeO3, Na2SiO3, NaCl, NaH2PO4, NaHCO3, sodium pyruvate, sodium acetate, NH4VO3, NiCl2, nicotinamide, phenol red, polysorbate 80, putrescine, putrescine 2HCl, pyridoxine HCl, pyridoxal HCl, riboflavin, SnCl2, thiamine HCl, thymidine, vitamin B12, a ceramide, and ZnSO4. For example, one or more of L-alanine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-cystine, glycine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine may be present. In this regard, whenever in the present specification and the appended claims reference is made to an amino acid, this reference also includes the hydrochlorids salt of the amino acid. For example, “L-lysine” is intended to mean “L-lysine and/or L-lysine HCl”.
In a still further aspect, the preparation of the present invention may further comprise one or more skin cell culture media. For example, the skin cell culture media may comprise DMEM/HAM F12 (1:1) and/or MCDB 153.
In yet another aspect, the preparation may comprise a nanosponge matrix and/or a microsponge matrix formed by substances (a) to (c), which matrix has been reconstituted in cell culture media. By way of non-limiting example, the cell culture media may be selected from physiological saline solution, nutrient media and complete media for culturing primary body cells, e.g., culture media for primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The complete media may, for example, be supplemented with serum substitutes.
In yet another aspect, the preparation of the present invention may further comprise one or more of a citrate buffer, Q10, alpha-glucosyl rutin, Zn orotate, carnitine, creatine and taurine and/or one or more alpha-hydroxy acids.
In a still further aspect, the preparation may further comprise water, for example, at least about 30% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the preparation, e.g., at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, or at least about 95% by weight of water.
The present invention also provides a cosmetic or dermatological product which is selected from an aqueous gel, an O/W emulsion, a W/O/W emulsion, a W/O emulsion, a microemulsion and a cosmetic stick and which comprises the preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention further provides a cosmetic or dermatological product which is selected from an aqueous surfactant preparation, an emulsion, an ointment, a cream, a gel, a dusting powder, a mask, a matrix bandage, a gel bandage, a foam preparation and an aerosol preparation and comprises the preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention also provides an article which is selected from a wound covering, a skin covering, a patch, a pad, a tissue and a bandage and comprises the preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention further provides a polyurethane matrix which comprises the preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention also provides a cosmetic or dermatological preparation which is obtainable by combining various substances, which substances comprise

    
    
        (a) collagen and/or a derivative thereof;
        (b) chitosan and/or acetylated chitosan with a degree of acetylation of up to 50%;
        (c) at least one glycosylaminoglycan and/or a derivative thereof; and
        (d) oligopeptide-21 or at least a part thereof which is capable of binding to skin cell receptors; and/or
        (e) a composition comprising
        
            (i) glycoprotein 1;
            (ii) glycoprotein 2;
            (iii) ginseng extract; and
            (iv) horsetail extract; as well as
        
        
        (f) at least 40% by weight of water, based on the total weight of the preparation.
    
    


In this preparation, substances (a) to (c) are employed in a total amount of from about 0.005% to 10% by weight, (d), if present, is employed in an amount of from about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight, and (e), if present, is employed in an amount of from about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight, each based on the total weight of the preparation. Substances (a) and (b) are employed in a weight ratio of from about 6:1 to about 3:1 and substances (a) and (c) are employed in a weight ratio of from about 15:1 to about 7:1.
In one aspect, the preparation may further comprise folic acid, L-lysine, L-threonine, L-arginine, L-serine, L-histidine, L-tryptophan and glycine.
In another aspect, substances (a) to (c) may be employed in a total amount of from about 0.015% to about 0.1% by weight and/or (d) may be employed in an amount of from about 0.0003% to about 0.1% by weight and/or the weight ratio of substances (a) and (c) may be from about 10:1 to about 8:1 and/or the weight ratio of substances (a) and (b) may be from about 5:1 to about 3.5:1 and/or the weight ratio of substances (b) and (c) may be from about 3:1 to about 2:1.
In yet another aspect of the preparation, one or more substances selected from α-biotin, (NH4)6MO7O24, adenine, AlCl3, biotin, CaCl2, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, CoCl2, CrK(SO4)2, CuSO4, D-Ca pantothenate, EDTA.Na2, EDTA.Na3, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4, H2SeO3, HEPES, hypoxanthine, insulin human, KCl, linoleic acid, lipoic acid, MgCl2, MnCl2, MnSO4, myo-inositol, Na2HPO4, Na2SeO3, Na2SiO3, NaCl, NaH2PO4, NaHCO3, sodium pyruvate, sodium acetate, NH4VO3, NiCl2, nicotinamide, phenol red, polysorbate 80, putrescine, putrescine 2HCl, pyridoxine HCl, pyridoxal HCl, riboflavin, SnCl2, thiamine HCl, thymidine, vitamin B12, ZnSO4, L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-cysteine, L-cystine, glycine, L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-proline, L-tyrosine and L-valine may additionally be employed therein.
In a still further aspect of the preparation, the collagen may comprise one or more collagens selected from types 1, 3, 4 and 5 and/or the chitosan may comprise chitosan having a molecular weight of from about 80,000 g/mol to about 15,000,000 g/mol and/or the glycosylaminoglycan may comprise chondroitin 4-sulfate and/or chondroitin 6-sulfate.
In yet another aspect, the preparation may further comprise one or more cell culture media.
The present invention also provides a skin care method which comprises applying to the skin a preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention further provides a skin treatment method which comprises applying to injured and/or diseased skin a preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention also provides a wound management or wound healing method which comprises applying to a wound a preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof). For example, the preparation may be comprised in a wound covering, e.g., a wound covering that comprises a polyurethane.
The present invention also provides a method of generating a complete partial skin. This method comprises applying a preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof) to the surface of a body from which skin has been removed.
The present invention further provides a method of preventing or reducing scar tissue, which method comprises applying to a wound a preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention also provides a process for preparing a cosmetic or dermatological preparation which comprises (i) at least one of collagen and a derivative thereof, (ii) at least one of chitosan and a derivative thereof, having a degree of acetylation of up to 50%, (iii) at least one of a glycosylaminoglycan and a derivative thereof, and (iv) at least one peptide which is capable of promoting skin cell growth. This process comprises

    (a) providing a solution comprising water and (i);
    (b) adding (ii) to the solution of (a) to form a mixture; and
    (c) adding (iii) to the mixture of (b) to form a further mixture; and
    (d) combining (iv) with one or more of the solution and mixtures according to (a) to (c).
    If additionally a composition is to be present which comprises glycoproteins 1 and 2 and ginseng and horsetail extracts, this composition may be added during or after any of steps (a), (b), (c) and (d) but preferably is added no later than before (d).


In one aspect of the process, (iv) may be combined with the mixture of (c).
In another aspect, the solution of (a) may comprise one or more cell culture media.
In yet another aspect, (iv) may be employed in a form which substantially prevents it from contacting (i), (ii) and (iii) directly such as, e.g., in the form of a nanoemulsion.
In another aspect of the process of the present invention, step (d) may be carried out at a temperature which is not higher than about 40° C.
In yet another aspect, the solution of (a) may comprise one or more cell culture media and/or the glycosylaminoglycan may comprise chondroitin 4-sulfate and/or chondroitin 6-sulfate and/or the collagen may comprise one or more collagens selected from types 1, 3, 4 and 5 and/or the chitosan may comprise chitosan having a molecular weight of from about 80,000 g/mol to about 15,000,000 g/mol.
In another aspect, the process may further comprise lyophilizing the mixture of (d) to provide an aerogel. Further, the aerogel may be converted into a hydrogel by introducing the aerogel into an aqueous phase, an active ingredient phase and/or a culture media phase of the cosmetic or dermatological preparation. In another aspect, the aerogel may be processed into a polyurethane matrix.
The present invention also provides a cosmetic or dermatological preparation which comprises

    
    
        (A) at least one peptide which is capable of promoting skin cell growth; and
        (B) a composition comprising
        
            (i) glycoprotein 1;
            (ii) glycoprotein 2;
            (iii) ginseng extract; and
            (iv) horsetail extract.
        
        
    
    


In one aspect of the preparation, (A) may comprise at least one growth factor mimicking oligopeptide, for example, oligopeptide-21 or a part thereof.
In another aspect, (A) may be present in a form which substantially prevents it from contacting (B) directly. For example, (A) may be present as a nanoemulsion.
In yet another aspect, the weight ratio of (i) to the sum of (ii), (iii) and (iv) in (B) may be from about 10:90 to about 50:50, e.g., from about 20:80 to about 40:60. For example, it may be about 25:75.
In a still further aspect of the preparation, (B) may comprise (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) in a total amount of from about 0.3 to about 1.2% by weight, based on the total weight of (B).
In another aspect, (A) may be employed in an amount of from about 0.0001% by weight to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation. For example, (A) may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0003% by weight.
In another aspect, (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) may be present in a total amount of from about 0.0001% by weight to about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation. For example, (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) may be employed in a total amount of at least about 0.001% by weight.
The present invention also provides a cosmetic or dermatological product which comprises the preparation set forth above (including the various aspects thereof) and is selected from an aqueous gel, an O/W emulsion, a W/O/W emulsion, a W/O emulsion, a microemulsion and a cosmetic stick and/or is selected from an aqueous surfactant preparation, an emulsion, an ointment, a cream, a gel, a dusting powder, a mask, a matrix bandage, a gel bandage, a foam and an aerosol preparation.
The present invention also provides a skin care method. The method comprises applying to skin the preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).
The present invention also provides a skin treatment method. The method comprises applying to injured and/or diseased skin the preparation of the present invention as set forth above (including the various aspects thereof).



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention is further described in the detailed description which follows, in reference to the noted plurality of drawings by way of non-limiting examples of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, wherein:
FIGS. 1-3, 10 and 11 are graphic representations of the results obtained with keratinocytes, fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells in the cell growth assay described below in Example 9.
FIGS. 4a to 8b are graphic representations of the results obtained with keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) expression experiments described in Example 10 below.
FIG. 9 is a graphic representation of the results obtained with mesenchymal stem cells in the anti-aptoptosis experiments described in Example 11 below.
FIGS. 12-14 are photographs which illustrate the effect of the addition of GPVE and GPVE/MPC with or without IDP4 on keratinocytes, fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells.
FIGS. 15-19 are graphic representations of the results obtained with keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) expression experiments described in Example 12 below.
FIG. 20 is a graphic representation of the effect of the addition of different concentrations of IDP4 to keratinocytes on the expression of laminine.
FIGS. 21-25 are graphic representations of the results obtained with keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) expression experiments described in Example 13 below.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the present invention only and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the present invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show details of the present invention in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the present invention, the description in combination with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the present invention may be embodied in practice.
Regarding the weight ratios of the components (a) to (c) of the preparation of the present invention, it is noted that the weight ratio (a):(b) will usually be not higher than about 10:1, e.g., not higher than about 8:1, not higher than about 7:1, not higher than about 6:1, or not higher than about 5:1, and will usually be not lower than about 1.5:1, e.g., not lower than about 2:1, not lower than about 2.5:1, not lower than about 3:1, or not lower than about 3.5:1.
The weight ratio (a):(c) will usually be not higher than about 35:1, e.g., not higher than about 30:1, not higher than about 25:1, not higher than about 20:1, not higher than about 15:1, or not higher than about 10:1, and will usually be not lower than about 4:1, e.g., not lower than about 5:1, not lower than about 6:1, not lower than about 7:1, or not lower than about 8:1.
The weight ratio (b):(c) will usually be not higher than about 10:1, e.g., not higher than about 8:1, not higher than about 6:1, not higher than about 5:1, not higher than about 4:1, or not higher than about 3:1, and will usually be not lower than about 1:1, e.g., not lower than about 1.5:1, or not lower than about 2:1.
In addition to the use of glucose, folic acid, L-lysine, L-threonine, L-arginine, L-serine, L-histidine and/or glycine, the use of L-tryptophan and/or calcium pantothenate for the manufacture of the preparation of the present invention may also be of particular advantage.
The substances (a) to (c) will usually be employed in a total amount of from about 0.00001° A) by weight to about 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation. However, frequently the total amount will be not higher than about 50% by weight, e.g., not higher than about 30% by weight, not higher than about 10° A) by weight, not higher than about 1° A) by weight, or not higher than about 0.1% by weight, but not lower than about 0.0001% by weight, e.g., not lower than about 0.0015% by weight, not lower than about 0.005% by weight, not lower than about 0.01% by weight, or not lower than about 0.015% by weight.
The one or more peptides (d) will usually be employed, if at all, in an amount of at least about 0.0001% by weight, e.g., at least about 0.0002%, at least about 0.0003%, or at least about 0.0004% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation. Further, (d) will usually be employed in an amount which is not higher than about 5% by weight, e.g., not higher than about 1%, not higher than about 0.1%, not higher than about 0.01%, or not higher than about 0.001% by weight.
The peptides (d) preferably comprise at least one cell growth factor mimicking peptide. A particularly preferred example thereof is a peptide with the INCI name oligopeptide-21. This peptide is available, for example, from Caregen Co., Ltd., Korea (www.caregen.co.kr) under the trade name IDP-4. This peptide is provided in the form of a composition which in addition to 500 mg/L of oligopeptide-21 comprises 96.6% by weight of water, 1 g/L of phosphatidylcholin (lecithin), 0.1 g/L of sodium oleate, 10 ml/L of glycerol, 10 ml/L of ethanol, 2 ml/L of oil phase consisting of glycine soja (soybean) oil, 0.3722 g/L of disodium EDTA, and 10 ml/L of 2-phenoxyethanol.
In this regard, it is to be appreciated that a peptide (d) for use in the preparation of the present invention such as, e.g., oligopeptide-21, may be present in the preparation either in complete form and/or in a form which comprises at least that portion of the peptide molecule which is capable of bonding to skin cell receptors. Additionally or alternatively, the peptide may also be present in modified form, at least as long as the modification does not substantially adversely affect the ability of the peptide to serve its function. Non-limiting examples of modifications of a peptide include derivatizations of amino and/or carboxylic acid groups such as, e.g., acylation (e.g., acetylation) of one or more amino groups and esterification (e.g., with alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol) of one or more carboxylic acid groups. Accordingly, whenever the term “peptide” is used in the present specification and the appended claims this term is intended to encompass the corresponding modified (derivatized) peptide and/or the corresponding partial peptide which comprises at least that portion of the peptide molecule which is capable of bonding to skin cell receptors and is still capable of serving the function of the (complete) peptide molecule.
Since peptides have a general tendency to associate themselves with other materials and thereby may lose at least some of their activity and/or may somewhat deactivate other components of a preparation containing them, the one or more peptides (d) are preferably employed in a form which substantially prevents their direct contact with other components of the preparation of the present invention. There are several ways to accomplish this. For example, the one or more peptides (d) may be provided in the form of colloidal systems such as, e.g., liposomal or micellar preparations or microemulsions and/or may be encapsuled/enveloped by, for example, cyclodextrins.
A currently preferred form in which the one or more peptides (d) are provided is a nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions are emulsions of the oil-in-water type whose oil particles are enveloped by one or more emulsifiers. The oil particles are finely dispersed and the average size of the oil droplets is in the nanometer range. Often the average diameter of the oil droplets is not higher than about 100 nm, e.g., from about 50 nm to about 100 nm. Also, nanoemulsions usually have a relatively narrow droplet size distribution. Nanoemulsions may be produced, for example, by passing a mixture of aqueous and oil phases one or more times through a high pressure homogenizer which is able to mechanically break the oil phase in the presence of one or more emulsifiers, dispersing it in the aqueous phase. In the present case, the one or more peptides (d) are present in the oil phase of the nanoemulsion and are thus substantially prevented from contacting the other components of the preparation of the present invention directly.
Nanoemulsions are well known and conventionally employed especially in the pharmaceutical field and often comprise phospholipids as emulsifiers and vegetable oils (such as, e.g., soybean oil) as the oil phase. For more information regarding nanoemulsions the following documents, the entire disclosures whereof are incorporated by reference herein, may, for example, be referred to: U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,541,018, 6,902,737, 6,335,002, US 2004/0076598 A1, US 2007/0237731 A1, WO 2006/045170, WO 2006/028339 and WO 02/80864.
(Optional) component (e) of the cosmetic and/or dermatological preparation is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,309, the entire disclosure whereof is expressly incorporated herein by reference. In particular, (e) is a composition which comprises (i) glycoprotein 1, (ii) glycoprotein 2, (iii) ginseng extract, and (iv) horsetail extract. Advantageously (e) comprises, based on 100 parts by weight of (e), from about 5 to about 40, preferably about 20, parts by weight of (i), from about 25 to about 80, preferably about 50, parts by weight of (ii), from about 1 to about 10, preferably about 5, parts by weight of (iii), and from about 1 to about 10, preferably about 5, parts by weight of (iv). Advantageously the weight ratio (i)+(ii):(iii)+(iv) ranges from about 1:2 to about 1:4, and preferably is about 1:3. The weight ratio (iii):(iv) preferably is from about 3:1 to about 1:3, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:2, and in particular about 1:1.
Composition (e) preferably comprises components (i) to (iv) in a total amount of from about 0.5 to about 50 grams per liter, preferably from about 3 to about 10 grams per liter, although higher or lower concentrations may be employed.
Component (i) of composition (e), i.e., glycoprotein 1, is commercially available (e.g., from Pentapharm, Switzerland) and comprises a purified cytoplasmatic fraction obtained from yeast and saccharomyces. It comprises a mixture of amino acids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids, oligo elements, vitamins and phosphatase enzymes.
Component (ii) of composition (e), i.e., glycoprotein 2, is also commerically available (e.g., from Sederma, France under the designation “Revitalizing GP Extract”) and comprises a purified cytoplasmatic fraction obtained from Lactobacillus, comprising a mixture of amino acids, nucleic acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids, oligo elements, vitamins and phosphatase enzymes.
Component (iii) of composition (e) is an extract which is obtainable by extracting with a hydrophilic solvent (in particular, water, ethanol, glycol, or any mixtures thereof) the root of Panax ginseng. It contains saponins, sterols, carbohydrates, pectin, vitamins, minerals and lipids.
Component (iv) of composition (e) is an extract which is obtainable by extracting with a hydrophilic solvent (e.g., water, ethanol, glycol, or any mixtures thereof) the whole herb of Equisetum arvense Linne. It contains silicates, flavinoids, saponosides, caffeic acid and ferulic acid.
It has unexpectedly been found that a cosmetic and/or dermatological preparation which comprises a mixture that is obtainable by combining (a) collagen (and/or a collagen derivative), (b) chitosan (and/or acetylated chitosan with a degree of acetylation not exceeding about 50%) and (c) a glycosylaminoglycan (and/or a derivative thereof) with one or more peptides (d) and/or a composition (e) which comprises components (i) to (iv) set forth above is particularly effective in enabling the skin to reconstitute itself without displaying unwanted side effects to any substantial extent. For example, it has been found that oligopeptide-21 promotes the proliferation of epidermal stem cells. In combination with components (a) to (c) it provides a perfect environment and optimal conditions for the dermal and epidermal development of completely differentiated skin cells.
Preferably, preparations according to the present invention further comprise one or more skin cell culture media. DMEM/HAM F12 (1:1) and/or MCDB 153, are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention. In addition, all culture media which permit the culture of healthy differentiated skin (3-D models) and, in particular, media which may be used to culture primary fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes and make complete reconstitution of the skin possible are suitable as culture media for use in the present invention. Serum substitutes for serum-free cell cultures may also advantageously be used, although they are not indispensible.
A particularly advantageous combination according to the present invention comprises cell-nourishing culture media, preferably media for cultivating skin cultures or corneal cultures of all types, with a cellular matrix that comprises collagens, acetylated chitosans with a degree of acetylation of up to about 50%, preferably up to about 40%, chondroitin sulfates, and (at least) oligopeptide-21. This combination by itself, or mixed with a cosmetic preparation or incorporated into a natural or synthetic polymer matrix such as, e.g., a polyurethane matrix is extremely efficient with respect to skin regeneration/reconstitution, skin care and wound healing.
The preparation of the present invention makes it possible to regenerate skin or partial skin from individual cells (dermis and epidermis) to form a gel matrix that is precultured in vitro, to transfer this matrix to damaged tissue for complete skin renewal and/or the prevention or reduction of scar tissue associated with wound healing. The preparation of the present invention further provides the ideal environment (matrix) for renewing the skin on topical application.
A process for the preparation of a matrix that may be used in the present invention is described in, e.g., EP 296078, mentioned above.
It has been found that it is possible to obtain the matrix described in EP 296078 by using entirely marine and/or synthetic raw material sources and that the results are the same as those obtainable with the matrix of EP 296078.
In one aspect, the preparation of the present invention may be described as comprising a primary microporous or nanoporous matrix which preferably comprises marine collagens selected from the group of type 3, type 1, type 4 and/or type 5 or blends thereof, chitosans, preferably with a molecular weight of from about 80,000 D to about 15,000,000 D and with a degree of acetylation of from about 5% to about 50%, blended with a mixture of chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfates, which are preferably employed in an amount of from about 3% to about 15% by weight based on the amount of the employed collagens. The matrix can be imagined to be in the form of a microtubular or nanotubular sponge. On lyophilization, the composition of the described molecules generates a nano- or microsponge (matrix).
The matrix may be composed of an aerogel prepared by lyophilization, which matrix may be introduced into the aqueous phases, active ingredient phases and/or culture media phases of finished cosmetic or dermatological preparations. In this case, the aerogel may be converted into a hydrogel, or may be processed as aerogel, for example, together with (and/or into) a polyurethane matrix or a silicone matrix.
It has been shown that the preparation according to the present invention, especially in combination with cell culture media, results in advantages in the morphology and growth rate of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts from young and old donors in vitro. In principle, all growth and maintenance media are suitable for this purpose, but those which are adapted to the requirements of skin cells and enable the construction of “new skin” from individual dermis and/or epidermis cells in the described matrix usually afford the best results.
Application studies have shown that irritated skin is soothed on treatment with the matrix according to the present invention. In this regard, it is particularly advantageous if the collagen, chitosan, and glycosylaminoglycan ingredients for use in the preparation of the present invention are employed in a balanced ratio to one another, especially as described in EP 296078. In other words, formation of a micro- or nanotubular aerogel and retention of this structure in a cosmetic preparation or skin covering will usually be possible only within certain ranges of ratios of the specific active ingredients.
In this case, the stationary biopolymer phase with the disperse phase(s) composed of physiological saline solution, minimal media or complete media is converted into a hydrogel phase. The matrix components of the present invention (i.e., collagen, chitosan, glycosylaminoglycan) result in an advantageous hydrogel phase. An individual active ingredient or only two of the active ingredients alone, or the combination of active ingredients in non-advantageous proportions do not result in desirable effects, for example, a favorable interaction with the cell culture media as aqueous phase, or with polyurethane or silicone matrices.
A preferred weight ratio of the collagen and chitosan components is from about 90:10 to about 60:40, in particular from about 85:15 to about 75:25.
Collagen is a designation for a family of long-fiber, linear-colloidal, high molecular weight scleroproteins of the extracellular matrix which occur in connective tissue (e.g. skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, blood vessels), in osseine (the protein-containing base substance of bone) and in dentin together with proteoglycans. They are regarded as the most common animal proteins in terms of quantity, with a proportion of 25-30%. A mutual anchoring of the collagen fibers and of the cells is produced by fibronectin, which is able to bind collagen and other constituents of the extracellular matrix, but also becomes attached to receptors on cell surfaces. The composition of the collagens may vary depending on the origin. Collagens of types I to XIV are known, but only types I-III, V and XI have the described fiber structure.
When applied to the skin, advantages of the preparation of the present invention include:

    Supporting the regeneration process of the skin
    Providing a optimum environment for the skin
    Instrumental in improving the skin structure
    Soothing of skin irritations
    Improving the entire condition of the skin
    Improving the appearance of the skin substantially
    Helping the skin to regain its elasticity and healthy impression


The preparation (matrix) of the present invention may be a component of, by way of non-limiting example, aqueous gels, emulsions of the O/W, W/O/W or W/O type, microemulsions or cosmetic stick products and can thus be marketed in conventional cosmetic application forms.
In addition, the preparation of the present invention may be comprised in skin coverings, patches, pads, tissues or bandages. In this regard, polyurethane-based wound coverings are of particular interest.
An in-home-use application of the preparation of the present invention is possible, too. By way of non-limiting example, in the form of an aerogel, the matrix can be placed on the wound or the part of skin that is to be treated. The constituents of the matrix of the invention are biological polymers which can, through a specific mixing ratio, be converted into a stable aerogel and can even be reconstituted as stable hydrogel. It has been show experimentally that this gel matrix, when placed on a wound, is capable of producing complete healing skin from individual skin cells. Advantages were found and demonstrated for the preparation of the present invention for cell regeneration and proliferation of primary skin cells of the keratinocyte and fibroblast type. It is also possible through the glycosylaminoglycan, chitosan and collagen matrix interacting with the skin cells, in particular in the 3-D skin models, to induce the production of elastin, fibrillin and further biomarkers which are responsible for the quality of a healthy skin. It further is possible, through the interaction of matrix molecules, as described above, and the cell culture media, to markedly improve the reticular interlocking of the epidermis in the dermis. It is thus possible, through the preparation of the invention in interaction with the culture media, to achieve ideal regeneration of complete skin from only a few skin cells, and supply a pre-existing skin with the ideal healthy growth environment and nutrient factors. In interaction with polyurethane components, skin regeneration can be optimized under semi- or occlusive conditions, which helps to normalize in particular, keloids and other scars.
The process of producing the described matrix may advantageously comprise the addition of optionally acetylated chitosan to a collagen/water solution which may also comprise cell culture media, and the subsequent addition of a glycosylaminoglycan, preferably at least chondroitin 4-sulfate and/or chondroitin 6-sulfate. The one or more peptides (d), if employed, may be added before, during and/or after the production of the matrix, preferably in the form of a nanoemulsion. In order to not adversely affect the stability of the one or more peptides, the addition thereof is preferably carried out at a temperature of not higher than about 40° C., e.g., not higher than about 30° C. Composition (e), if employed, may be added before, during and/or after the production of the matrix, preferably before the addition of the peptide (d), if employed.
The preferred proportions of the active ingredients of the preparation according to the present invention allow sustained or controlled release of active agents such as, e.g., Q10, retinol, AHA (alpha-hydroxy acids), etc. and, in addition, may reduce or eliminate the side effects of these agents.
The most important alpha-hydroxy acids include glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and salicylic acid. These acids contribute to an ablation of keratinized furfur. The skin immediately becomes smoother, fresher and softer. Pigmental moles become lighter.
Coenzyme Q10 or ubiquinone is present in almost all organisms and plays an important role in cell metabolism. Q10 also is an effective antioxidant, scavenges free radicals and stabilizes cell membranes. Thereby Q10 keeps the cells intact, functional and alive.
The term “skin cell culture medium” is intended to encompass all liquid, powdered or solid media in or on which individual cells can multiply or be cultivated. Those of skill in the art distinguish between purifying media such as, e.g., phosphate-buffered saline solution, minimal maintenance media and so-called complete media, in which cells are healthy and metabolically active. Complete media may be provided with growth factors from animal serum or so-called synthetic serum substitutes in order to improve the growth of specific cells or make same possible at all. For every cell type, but especially the culture of primary cells, there are media and media blends which support the growth, differentiation or metabolism of specific cells particularly well.
The combination of collagens, chitosans, glycosylaminoglycans (e.g., chondroitin sulfates) and peptide(s) of the present invention may be blended with all purifying, minimal or complete media, but particularly advantageously with complete media which have been composed for culturing skin cells and serve in particular as nutrient media for primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes and which, as nutrient media, make it possible for the dermis to be regenerated from individual fibroblasts, or for the epidermis to be regenerated from individual keratinocytes. The skin cell culture media which are employed according to the present invention are thus particularly suitable for cultivating skin cells. Particular preference is given to skin cell culture media which are described as being suitable, in the composition of their individual ingredients, for the following purposes:

    culture of fibroblast cells
    culture of keratinocyte cells
    co-cultures of keratinocytes and fibroblasts
    co-cultures of fibroblasts/keratinocytes and further skin-relevant cells such as immune cells, melanocytes etc.
    culture media for generating three-dimensional skin models.


The media which are preferably employed according to the present invention can act on keratinocyte/fibroblast mixed cultures and 3-D skin models.
It has surprisingly been found that cosmetic or dermatological compositions which comprise the mixture according to the present invention of biomolecules and skin cell culture media are able in or on the human skin itself to activate or simulate the mechanisms which the skin uses for homeostasis and healthy autopoiesis even better than compositions which do not comprise the one or more peptides (d). In this regard, the mixtures of fibroblast- or keratinocyte-relevant growth media may be employed directly or in suitable vesicle technologies, and may be used for medical/pharmaceutical purposes and cosmetic purposes. In particular, so-called serum-free media have proved to be advantageous when the cell fraction of the primary keratinocytes and primary fibroblasts is to be positively influenced in the sense of optimized homeostasis.
The use of the skin-relevant culture media in interaction with the matrix biomolecules brings about autologous, healthy and individual regeneration of deficient skin functions in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. It is thus possible for regeneration of the skin, skin tautness or else simply only the contribution to skin care to be significantly improved.
In principle, all skin cell culture media are suitable for use in cosmetic preparations. Particularly suitable skin cell culture media are those employed in the literature for cultivating skin cells or skin-relevant cells, for treating skin irritations and burns. In particular, media for cultivating remaining cells after extensive burns show an extremely advantageous effect after application of the topical preparations.
Skin cell culture media which are particularly advantageous according to the present invention include media which permit neogenesis of fibroblasts or keratinocytes alone or in mixed cultures and/or which reduce the formation and passaging of non-benign cells.
The skin cell culture media DMEM/HAM F12 (1:1) and MCDB 153 are particularly suitable for use in the present invention, in particular, for use in cosmetic preparations.
According to Barnes D. and Sato G., Anal. Biochem. 102, 255 [1980], the entire disclosure whereof is incorporated by reference herein, DMEM/HAM F12 (1:1) is a 1:1 mixture where the nutrient content of HAM F12 medium is increased through addition of Dulbecco's MEM (DMEM=Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium). This medium is the basis for cultivating cell lines for human proteins such as, for example, erythropoetin.
DMEM/HAM F12 (1:1) medium has the following composition (in mg/L):















NaCl
6999.5
L-Leucine
59


KCI
311.8
L-Lysine HCI
91.25


Na2HPO4
71
L-Methionine
17.24


NaH2PO4—H2O
62.5
L-Phenylalanine
35.5


MgSO4—7H2O
100
L-Proline
17.25


MgCl2—6H2O
61
L-Serine
26.25


CaCl2
116.61
L-Threonine
53.5


Fe(NO3)3—9H2O
0.05
L-Tryptophan
9


FeSO4—7H2O
0.417
L-Tyrosine
38.7


CuSO4—5H2O
0.00125
L-Valine
52.85


ZnSO4—7H2O
0.432


D-Glucose
3151
Choline chloride
9


NaHCO3
2438
α-Biotin
0.00365


Na Pyruvate
55
Folic acid
2.65


Phenol red
12.5
D-Ca pantothenate
2.24


myo-Inositol
12.6


L-Alanine
4.5
Nicotinamide
2.02


L-Arginine HCl
147.5
Pyridoxcal HCl
2


L-Asparagine-H2O
7.5
Pyridoxine HCl
0.031


L-Aspartic acid
6.65
Riboflavin
0.22


L-Cysteine HCl
15.75
Thiamine HCl
2.17


L-Cystine
24
Vitamin B12
0.68


L-Glutamine
365.3
Hypoxanthin
2.05


L-Glutamic acid
7.35
Thymidine
0.37


Glycine
18.75
Lipoic acid
0.11


L-Histidine HCl—H2O
31.5
Linoleic acid
0.042


L-Isoleucine
54.5
Putrescine 2HCl
0.081









According to Barnes D. and Sato G., Anal. Biochem. 102, 255 [1980], MCDB 153 medium is employed for cultivating human keratinocytes. Further, as minimal medium PBS, phosphate-buffered saline, with pH values of from 3.5 to 8. MCDB 153 medium has the following composition (mg/L):
















NaCl
7599



Choline chloride
13.96



KCI
111.83



Putrescine
0.1611



Sodium acetate-3H2O
500



Vitamin B12
4.07



Na2HPO4—7H2O
536.2



Biotin
0.0146



MgCl2—6H2O
122



Calcium pantothenate
0.258



CaCl2—2H2O
4.411



Nicotinamide
0.03663



Glucose
1081



Pyridoxine HCl
0.06171



Sodium pyruvate
55



Thiamine HCI
0.3373



NaHCO3
1176



Adenine
24.32



Phenol red
1.317



myo-Inositol
18.02



HEPES
6600



Lipoic acid
0.2063



Thymidine
0.7266



L-Alanine
8.91



Folic acid
0.79



L-Arginine-HCI
210.7



Riboflavin
0.03764



L-Asparagine
15.01



L-Aspartic acid
3.99



CuSO4—5H2O
0.0002496



L-Cysteine HCI—H2O
42.04



FeSO4—7H2O
1.39



L-Glutamine
877.2



MnSO4—5H2O
0.000241



L-Glutamic acid
14.71



(NH4)6Mo7O24—4H2O
0.001236



Glycine
7.51



NiCl2—6H2O
0.0001188



L-Histidine HCI—H2O
16.77



H2SeO3
0.003869



L-Isoleucine
1.968



Na2SiO3—9H2O
0.1421



L-Leucine
65.6



SnCl2—2H2O
0.0001128



L-Lysine-HCI
18.27



NH4VO3
0.000585



L-Methionine
4.476



ZnSO4—7H2O
0.144



L-Phenylalanine
4.956



L-Proline
34.53



L-Serine
63.06



L-Threonine
11.91



L-Tryptophan
3.06



L-Tyrosine
2.718



L-Valine
35.13










The advantage of the DMEM/1-IAM F12 (1:1) and MCDB 153 media is that they are particularly selected and suitable in cosmetic or dermatological preparations for the cultivation of monolayer, two-dimensional and organotypical skin models, and permit the in vitro and ex vivo stimulation and/or retention of skin-specific biofunctions.
Additionally, it may be advantageous to add to the media solutions of the following compositions A and B as serum substitutes:











Solution A
Solution B










Components (1000x)
μM
Components (1000x)
μM













FeSO4—7H2O
3000
Insulin human in 0.01M HCI
86


ZnSO4—7H2O
3000


CoCl2—6H2O
1000


CuSO4—5H2O
10


Na2SeO3
10


AlCl3—6H2O
5


CrK(SO4)2—12H2O
1.4


NiCl3—6H2O
1


MnCl2—4H2O
1


EDTA•Na2—2H2O
30000


Polysorbate 80 VG
3820









According to the literature, the liquid media are usually prepared by using high-purity, pyrogen-free water. This water complies with the WFI quality (water for injection) of Pharmacopeia Europa. The liquid media are sterilized by filtration and bottled, the systems and methods of manufacture being such that entry of endotoxins and microbes is largely precluded.
The media that are preferred for use in the present invention show advantageous properties in relation to skin regeneration even if the media compositions are altered, such as, for example, with or without choline chloride, with or without H2SeO3.
The skin cell culture media and the mixture of biomolecules (collagen/chitosan/-glycosylaminoglycan/peptide(s)) and additives may advantageously be mixed into a cosmetic or dermatological preparation in a proportion of up to 99.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation.
Some of the advantages associated with the preparation of the present invention which comprises a combination of certain components of cell culture media with the active ingredients collagen, chitosan and glycosylaminoglycan are illustrated in the Examples below.
In the present specification and the appended claims, cosmetic or dermatological preparations or matrices are intended to include topical preparations which are suitable for applying said media to the skin in fine distribution and preferably in a form which can be absorbed through the skin. Examples of application forms which are suitable for this purpose include aqueous and hydroalcoholic solutions, sprays, foams, foam aerosols, ointments, aqueous gels, emulsions of the O/W or W/O type, microemulsions, hydrophilic or lipophilic patches and cosmetic stick products. Particularly suitable carriers include aqueous gels, O/W emulsions, W/O/W emulsions and microemulsions. The preparation can also be used, for example, in body-cleansing compositions such as, e.g., soaps, shower baths, shampoos and the like.
Preferred cosmetic formulations include hydrogels and emulsions of any type, in particular O/W emulsions.
All lipids known for use in cosmetics can, for example, be employed as oily or lipid phase.
Preparations of the present invention in the form of an emulsion will usually comprise one or more emulsifiers. These emulsifiers may advantageously be chosen from nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers.
Besides water and physiologically suitable solvents, it is possible to use, inter alia, care constituents, oils, waxes, fats, refatting substances, thickeners, antioxidants, emulsifiers, substances suitable as sunscreen filters, enzymes, amino acids, proteins, polysaccharides and/or fragrances. According to the invention, apart from the aforementioned substances the preparations may optionally also comprise the additives that are customary in cosmetics, for example perfume, dyes, antimicrobial substances, refatting agents, complexing and sequestering agents, pearlescent agents, plant extracts, vitamins, active ingredients, preservatives, bactericides, coloring pigments, thickeners, emollients, moisturizers and/or humectants, and other usual ingredients of a cosmetic or dermatological formulation such as, e.g., alcohols, polyols, polymers, foam stabilizers, electrolytes, organic solvents and silicone derivatives.
Suitable preparations include also those which can be employed for professional wound management and wound healing and/or for the reduction of surgical scars and the like, such as, for example, polyurethane preparations in combination with chitosan/collagen/chondroitin 6-sulfate sponges or solutions.
Non-limiting examples of advantageous additives include specific active ingredients such as, for example, antioxidants. These antioxidants may advantageously be selected from amino acids (e.g. glycine, lysine, arginine, cysteine, cystine, histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan) and derivatives thereof (as salt, ester, ether, sugar, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and lipid compound), imidazoles (e.g., urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and/or lipid compound), peptides such as D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine, anserine and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, thiol, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and lipid compound), carotenoids, caro-tenes (e.g. α-carotene, β-carotene, ψ-lycopene, phytoene) and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and/or lipid compound), chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, thiol, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and/or lipid compound), aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (e.g., thioredoxin, lipoic acid, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and their glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl, palmitoyl, oleyl, γ-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters) and the salts thereof, dilauryl thiodipropionate, distearyl thiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, thiol, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and/or lipid compound) and sulfoximine compounds (e.g., homocysteine sulfoximine, buthionine sulfones, penta-, hexa-, heptathionine sulfoximine) in very low tolerated dosages (e.g. pmol to μmol/kg). Also included are (metal) chelators (e.g., apoferritin, desferral, lactoferrin, α-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic acid) and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, thiol, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and/or lipid compound), α-hydroxy acids (e.g. citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof (e.g., γ-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic acid and derivatives thereof, furfurylidenesorbitol and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone, ubiquinol, plastoquinone and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, thiol, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and lipid compound), vitamin C and derivatives (e.g., ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate), tocopherols and derivatives (e.g., vitamin E acetate), and phenolic compounds and plant extracts containing same such as, for example, flavonoids (e.g., glycosyl rutin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid), furfurylidene glucitol, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, nordihydroguaiaretic resin acid, nordi-hydroguaiaretic acid, trihydroxybutyrophenone and derivatives thereof (as salt, ester, ether, sugar, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and lipid compound), uric acid and derivatives thereof, mannose and derivatives thereof (e.g., as salt, ester, ether, sugar, thiol, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and lipid compound), zinc and its derivatives (e.g., ZnO, ZnSO4), selenium and its derivatives (e.g., selenomethionine, ebselen), stilbenes and derivatives thereof (e.g., stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene oxide) and the derivatives (e.g., the salt, ester, ether, sugar, thiol, nucleotide, nucleoside, peptide and/or lipid compounds) of these active ingredients which are suitable according to the invention.
The additional use of a buffer may sometimes become necessary for stabilizing the ingredients of the disperse phase. In this regard, phosphate-buffered saline solutions and citrate buffers are examples of preferably employed buffers.
Besides antioxidants, combinations of the preparations of the present invention with specific ingredients which are preferably chosen from Q10, AGR, Zn orotate, carnitine, creatine and/or taurine are particularly preferred.
AGR (alpha-glucosyl rutin) belongs to the flavonoids which are found in most plants. AGR is capable of protecting the cells of the intrinsic immune system of the skin from environmental damage such as, e.g., from UV radiation.
Areas of application of the preparation of the present invention which have proved to be particularly advantageous include the care of all skin types with the exception of all septic inflammations, and also special applications such as microdermal abrasion, acid peeling and retinol treatments. The skin regeneration and soothing of the skin by the preparations of the present invention is evident in these cases.
An additional preferred field of application of the preparation of the present invention is cosmetic care of the skin, in particular for beautification.
The packaging for the preparation of the present invention can include all cosmetically customary dosage systems such as, e.g., jars, pump bottles, pipette bottles, cartridges or capsules.
For problematic formulations into which the cell medium cannot be incorporated, there is the possibility to mix the cell culture media and cosmetic product only shortly before use, through special packaging elements such as, for example, double cartridges with a mixing head as known, for example, from 2-component adhesives. The packaging of the cell culture medium may also be designed for refilling, so that only fresh product is used.
It also is advantageous to incorporate the matrix of the invention in a polyurethane matrix and configure the resultant product as cosmetic skin covering, wound covering in plasters or bandages or as pad. Non-limiting examples of polyurethane matrices which are suitable for these purposes include those which are described in DE 42 33 289, DE 43 08 347, DE 43 08 445, DE 43 28 190 and DE 101 28 685, the entire disclosures whereof are incorporated by reference herein.
Advantageous exemplary embodiments of the present invention follow. Unless indicated otherwise, the quantitative data are based on weight %. It is possible in all the preparations for the ratio of the matrix molecules collagen, chitosan and glycosylaminoglycan to be from about 0.00001% by weight to about 99% by weight of the final formulation, preferably from about 0.0005% by weight to about 50% by weight and ideally from about 0.0015% to about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the preparation. The dispersant “culture medium” preferably corresponds to an osmotic pressure of an about 0.5% to about 2% sodium chloride solution, but ideally corresponds to the physiological osmotic pressure of human tissue, especially of the skin.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Day Cream











Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w
















WATER (AQUA)
63.4277


GLYCERIN
5.3600


CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE
5.0000


ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE
3.0000


SUCROSE DISTEARATE
2.5000


CETYL ALCOHOL
2.5000


TRIETHYLHEXANOIN
2.0000


CETEARYL ALCOHOL
1.8000


HYDROGENATED COCO-GLYCERIDES
1.7000


TRIDECYL STEARATE
1.4700


TRIDECYL TRIMELLITATE
1.1100


MACADAMIA TERNIFOLIA SEED OIL
1.0000


BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER)
1.0000


PHENOXYETHANOL
0.7706


PANTHENOL
0.7500


SUCROSE STEARATE
0.7000


TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
0.6000


GLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMER
0.4389


DIPENTAERYTHRITYL HEXACAPRYLATE/
0.4200


HEXACAPRATE


FRAGRANCE (PARFUM)
0.4157


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
0.3250


METHYLPARABEN
0.3171


CHOLESTEROL
0.3150


SODIUM LAUROYL LACTYLATE
0.3000


PROPYLENE GLYCOL
0.3000


GALACTOARABINAN
0.3000


BUTYLENE GLYCOL
0.2659


XANTHAN GUM
0.2090


PROPYLPARABEN
0.2073


ETHYLPARABEN
0.2002


CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
0.1750


TITANIUM DIOXIDE
0.1550


ACRYLATES/C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE
0.1500


CROSSPOLYMER


CARBOMER
0.1090


DISODIUM EDTA
0.1029


ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN
0.0800


MICA
0.0720


YEAST (FAEX) EXTRACT
0.0500


SILICA
0.0328


SODIUM HYDROXIDE
0.0300


HYDROXYISOHEXYL 3-CYCLOHEXENE
0.0300


CARBOXALDEHYDE


CERAMIDE 3
0.0300


BUTYLPHENYL METHYLPROPIONAL
0.0200


ALUMINA
0.0200


LIMONENE
0.0192


SOLUBLE COLLAGEN
0.0171


PHYTOSPHINGOSINE
0.0150


CERAMIDE 6 II
0.0150


HEXYL CINNAMAL
0.0100


ALCOHOL
0.0100


PVM/MA COPOLYMER
0.0090


SODIUM POLYACRYLATE
0.0075


HYDROLYZED CONCHIOLIN PROTEIN
0.0050


BENZYL SALICYLATE
0.0050


CHITOSAN
0.0046


SODIUM METHYLPARABEN
0.0040


SODIUM CHLORIDE
0.0027


GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL
0.0020


SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE
0.0019


GLUCOSE
0.0019


BUTYLPARABEN
0.0017


HYDROGENATED LECITHIN
0.0010


LYSINE HCL
0.0006


OLIGOPEPTIDE-21
0.0005


THREONINE
0.0004


ISOBUTYLPARABEN
0.0004


ARGININE
0.0004


SERINE
0.0002


POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
0.0002


HISTIDINE
0.0002


TRYPTOPHAN
0.0001


SODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.0001


SODIUM OLEATE
0.0001


MAGNESIUM SULFATE
0.0001


LINALOOL
0.0001


GLYCINE
0.0001


CALCIUM CHLORIDE
0.0001


TOCOPHEROL
0.0001


GERANIOL
0.0001


FOLIC ACID
0.0001


CITRAL
0.0001


CERAMIDE 1
0.0001


CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE
0.0001


BENZYL ALCOHOL
0.0001


TITANIUM DIOXIDE
0.1040



100.0000









Example 2
Night Cream













Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w


















WATER (AQUA)
59.6000



GLYCERIN
5.2350



MYRISTYL LACTATE
4.0000



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
3.9950



HYDROGENATED COCO-GLYCERIDES
3.0000



BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER)
2.5000



PROPYLHEPTYL CAPRYLATE
2.0000



PENTYLENE GLYCOL
2.0000



OCTYLDODECANOL
2.0000



GLYCERYL STEARATE SE
2.0000



GLYCERYL STEARATE CITRATE
2.0000



CETEARYL ALCOHOL
2.0000



CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
1.4000



LIMNANTHES ALBA (MEADOWFOAM)
1.0000



SEED OIL




ISONONYL ISONONANOATE
1.0000



AMMONIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYLTAURATE/
0.7600



VP COPOLYMER




PANTHENOL
0.7500



TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
0.6500



PHENOXYETHANOL
0.5044



DIMETHICONE
0.5000



VEGETABLE (OLUS) OIL
0.3000



NARCISSUS TAZETTA BULB EXTRACT
0.3000



GALACTOARABINAN
0.3000



XANTHAN GUM
0.2300



SODIUM STEAROYL LACTYLATE
0.2100



METHYLPARABEN
0.2071



PROPYLPARABEN
0.2015



SODIUM LACTATE
0.1500



POLYSILICONE-11
0.1050



ETHYLPARABEN
0.1015



ARGININE
0.1004



DISODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.1000



CITRIC ACID
0.1000



CETYL ALCOHOL
0.0900



FRAGRANCE (PARFUM)
0.0831



GLYCERYL DIBEHENATE
0.0825



ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN
0.0505



DISODIUM EDTA
0.0504



TRIBEHENIN
0.0450



SODIUM HYALURONATE
0.0300



BHT
0.0300



HYDROXYISOHEXYL 3-CYCLOHEXENE
0.0286



CARBOXALDEHYDE




RUTIN
0.0250



SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL BETA-GLUCAN
0.0240



GLYCERYL BEHENATE
0.0225



BUTYLENE GLYCOL
0.0209



SOLUBLE COLLAGEN
0.0171



GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) STEROLS
0.0150



ALPHA-ISOMETHYL IONONE
0.0110



BUTYLPHENYL METHYLPROPIONAL
0.0102



POLYSORBATE 80
0.0100



ALCOHOL
0.0100



CITRONELLOL
0.0062



CARNOSINE
0.0060



LINALOOL
0.0059



CHITOSAN
0.0046



LIMONENE
0.0041



BUTYLPARABEN
0.0030



SODIUM CHLORIDE
0.0027



GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL
0.0020



SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE
0.0019









Example 3
Nourishing Day Cream













Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w


















WATER (AQUA)
64.8125



ISOPROPYL STEARATE
5.5000



HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENE
5.0000



STEARYL ALCOHOL
3.6000



HYDROGENATED COCO-GLYCERIDES
3.0000



ACETYLATED LANOLIN
3.0000



CETYL ALCOHOL
2.6000



PETROLATUM
1.8000



HYDROGENATED COCONUT OIL
1.5000



PEG-30 STEARATE
1.4000



GLYCERYL STEARATE
1.2000



GLYCERIN
0.9200



SORBITAN SESQUIOLEATE
0.9000



PHENOXYETHANOL
0.8992



LANOLIN
0.6000



ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE
0.5000



BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE
0.5000



POLOXAMER 188
0.3000



HEXYL CINNAMAL
0.2271



RETINYL PALMITATE
0.2178



GLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID
0.2150



COPOLYMER




PPG-26
0.2000



PANTHENOL
0.2000



METHYLPARABEN
0.1970



DISODIUM EDTA
0.1004



CARBOMER
0.1000



PROPYLPARABEN
0.0970



FRAGRANCE (PARFUM)
0.0901



LECITHIN
0.0550



ETHYLPARABEN
0.0362



LINALOOL
0.0232



BUTYLENE GLYCOL
0.0209



SODIUM HYDROXIDE
0.0200









Example 4
Skin Serum













Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w


















WATER (AQUA)
87.1238



PENTYLENE GLYCOL
5.0000



GLYCERIN
3.1100



SD ALCOHOL 3-C (ALCOHOL DENAT.)
2.0000



PANTHENOL
0.9000



CARBOMER
0.3700



XANTHAN GUM
0.3000



GLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID
0.2926



COPOLYMER




METHYLPARABEN
0.2032



PROPYLENE GLYCOL
0.2000



SODIUM HYDROXIDE
0.1100



DISODIUM EDTA
0.1004



SODIUM BENZOATE
0.1000



CITRIC ACID
0.0500



BIOTIN
0.0400



PHENOXYETHANOL
0.0256



BUTYLENE GLYCOL
0.0209



SOLUBLE COLLAGEN
0.0171



ALCOHOL
0.0100



PVM/MA COPOLYMER
0.0060



CHITOSAN
0.0046



SODIUM CHLORIDE
0.0027



GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL
0.0020



SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE
0.0019



GLUCOSE
0.0019



BUTYLPARABEN
0.0017



PROPYLPARABEN
0.0011



PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE
0.0010



LYSINE HCL
0.0006



OLIGOPEPTIDE-21
0.0005



THREONINE
0.0004



ISOBUTYLPARABEN
0.0004



ARGININE
0.0004



SERINE
0.0002



POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
0.0002



HISTIDINE
0.0002



ETHYLPARABEN
0.0002



TRYPTOPHAN
0.0001



SODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.0001



SODIUM OLEATE
0.0001



MAGNESIUM SULFATE
0.0001



GLYCINE
0.0001



CALCIUM CHLORIDE
0.0001



FOLIC ACID
0.0001



CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE
0.0001




100.0004









Example 5
Day Cream













Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w


















WATER (AQUA)
66.1473



CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
5.6000



BUTYLENE GLYCOL
5.0209



GLYCERYL STEARATE SE
3.5000



GLYCERIN
3.0100



HYDROXYPROPYL CYCLODEXTRIN
2.1000



CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
2.1000



ISOPROPYL PALMITATE
2.0000



GLYCERYL STEARATE CITRATE
1.5000



POLY(GLYCOL ADIPATE)/BIS-
1.0000



HYDROXYETHOXYPROPYL




DIMETHICONE COPOLYMER




OCTYLDODECANOL
1.0000



MANGIFERA INDICA (MANGO) SEED OIL
1.0000



PHENOXYETHANOL
0.7736



PANTHENOL
0.7500



TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
0.6000



HYDROXYPROPYL STARCH PHOSPHATE
0.6000



SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE
0.5000



METHYLPARABEN
0.3141



NYLON-12
0.3000



DIMETHICONOL
0.3000



CARBOMER
0.2055



XANTHAN GUM
0.2000



HYDROLYZED WHEAT PROTEIN
0.2000



BENZOPHENONE-3
0.2000



ARGANIA SPINOSA KERNEL EXTRACT
0.1800



FRAGRANCE (PARFUM)
0.1124



ARGININE
0.1004



CHONDRUS CRISPUS (CARRAGEENAN)
0.1000



PROPYLPARABEN
0.0808



PROPYLENE GLYCOL
0.0700



POLYACRYLAMIDE
0.0525



DISODIUM EDTA
0.0504



SODIUM HYALURONATE
0.0500



ETHYLPARABEN
0.0302



SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE
0.0300



C13-14 ISOPARAFFIN
0.0255



HYDROXYCITRONELLAL
0.0182



SOLUBLE COLLAGEN
0.0171



BENZYL SALICYLATE
0.0163



ALPHA-ISOMETHYL IONONE
0.0149



PHOSPHOLIPIDS
0.0130



LAURETH-7
0.0120



SODIUM METHYLPARABEN
0.0105



SODIUM DEHYDROACETATE
0.0105



BUTYLPHENYL METHYLPROPIONAL
0.0102



ALCOHOL
0.0100



TETRASODIUM EDTA
0.0070



SORBIC ACID
0.0070



LINALOOL
0.0067



BENZYL BENZOATE
0.0049



CHITOSAN
0.0046



BENZYL ALCOHOL
0.0043



AMYL CINNAMAL
0.0037



SODIUM CHLORIDE
0.0027



ISOEUGENOL
0.0025



EUGENOL
0.0025



SPHINGOLIPIDS
0.0020



GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL
0.0020



SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE
0.0019



GLUCOSE
0.0019



BUTYLPARABEN
0.0017



PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE
0.0010



CITRONELLOL
0.0009



LIMONENE
0.0008



LYSINE HCL
0.0006



GERANIOL
0.0006



OLIGOPEPTIDE-21
0.0005



HEXYL CINNAMAL
0.0005



THREONINE
0.0004



ISOBUTYLPARABEN
0.0004



BENZYL CINNAMATE
0.0004



SERINE
0.0002



POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
0.0002



HISTIDINE
0.0002



TRYPTOPHAN
0.0001



SODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.0001



SODIUM OLEATE
0.0001



MAGNESIUM SULFATE
0.0001



GLYCINE
0.0001



CITRAL
0.0001



CALCIUM CHLORIDE
0.0001



FOLIC ACID
0.0001



FARNESOL
0.0001



CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE
0.0001



ANISE ALCOHOL
0.0001



YELLOW 6
0.0003



RED 4
0.0002




100.0000









Example 6
Master Cream











Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w
















WATER (AQUA)
54.4039


GLYCERIN
5.3250


MYRISTYL LACTATE
5.0000


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
3.7700


BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER)
3.0800


GLYCERYL STEARATE CITRATE
3.0000


HYDROGENATED COCO-GLYCERIDES
2.5000


PENTYLENE GLYCOL
2.2000


PROPYLHEPTYL CAPRYLATE
2.0000


OCTYLDODECANOL
2.0000


CETEARYL ALCOHOL
2.0000


POLY(GLYCOLADIPATE)/BIS-
1.5000


HYDROXYETHOXYPROPYL



DIMETHICONE COPOLYMER



PEG-30 STEARATE
1.1000


CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
1.0500


LAUROYL LYSINE
1.0000


BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE
1.0000


AMMONIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYLTAURATE/
0.7600


VP COPOLYMER



PANTHENOL
0.7500


GLYCERYL DIBEHENATE
0.6600


PROPYLENE GLYCOL
0.6250


TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
0.6000


PHENOXYETHANOL
0.5261


FUMARIA OFFICINALIS FLOWER/LEAF/
0.5000


STEM EXTRACT



CITRUS MEDICA LIMONUM (LEMON)
0.5000


FRUIT EXTRACT



TRIBEHENIN
0.3600


CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE
0.3200


GALACTOARABINAN
0.3000


FRAGRANCE (PARFUM)
0.2810


BUTYLENE GLYCOL
0.2619


HYDROGENATED LECITHIN
0.2410


XANTHAN GUM
0.2390


METHYLPARABEN
0.2021


PROPYLPARABEN
0.2008


POLOXAMER 188
0.2000


CAFFEINE
0.2000


GLYCERYL BEHENATE
0.1800


ARGININE
0.1704


FUMARIC ACID
0.1250


POLYSILICONE-11
0.1050


ETHYLPARABEN
0.1002


DISODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.1000


DIMETHICONOL
0.0750


HIBISCUS ABELMOSCHUS SEED EXTRACT
0.0700


ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN
0.0505


DISODIUM EDTA
0.0504


LECITHIN
0.0400


CITRIC ACID
0.0400


SODIUM HYALURONATE
0.0300


BHT
0.0300


RUTIN
0.0250


BUTYLPHENYL METHYLPROPIONAL
0.0210


BENZYL SALICYLATE
0.0210


SQUALANE
0.0200


SOLUBLE COLLAGEN
0.0171


HEXYL CINNAMAL
0.0158


POLYSORBATE 80
0.0100


ALCOHOL
0.0100


LEPIDIUM SATIVUM SPROUT EXTRACT
0.0048


CHITOSAN
0.0046


CERAMIDE 3
0.0040


BENZYL ALCOHOL
0.0035


SODIUM CHLORIDE
0.0027


GERANIOL
0.0025


LINALOOL
0.0023


HYDROXYCITRONELLAL
0.0021


GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL
0.0020


SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE
0.0019


GLUCOSE
0.0019


BUTYLPARABEN
0.0017


LIMONENE
0.0007


LYSINE HCL
0.0006


OLIGOPEPTIDE-21
0.0005


THREONINE
0.0004


ISOBUTYLPARABEN
0.0004


SERINE
0.0002


POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
0.0002


HISTIDINE
0.0002


TRYPTOPHAN
0.0001


SODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.0001


SODIUM OLEATE
0.0001


MAGNESIUM SULFATE
0.0001


ISOEUGENOL
0.0001


GLYCINE
0.0001


CALCIUM CHLORIDE
0.0001


FOLIC ACID
0.0001


CITRONELLOL
0.0001


CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE
0.0001


BENZYL BENZOATE
0.0001


AMYL CINNAMAL
0.0001


YELLOW 6
0.0002



100.0008









Example 7
Eye Cream











Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w
















WATER (AQUA)
65.0059


GLYCERIN
4.4977


POLYDECENE
3.0000


HYDROGENATED POLYISOBUTENE
3.0000


ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE
3.0000


TRIISOSTEARIN
2.5000


C12-16 ALCOHOLS
2.2800


TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
2.0000


HYDROGENATED COCO-GLYCERIDES
1.7000


CETEARYL ALCOHOL
1.5000


BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE
1.4000


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
1.3000


HYDROGENATED LECITHIN
1.2500


BUTYROSPERMUM PARKII (SHEA BUTTER)
1.1000


OCTYLDODECANOL
1.0000


ALUMINUM STARCH OCTENYLSUCCINATE
0.8800


PHENOXYETHANOL
0.7506


CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
0.7000


PALMITIC ACID
0.5700


GLYCERYL ACRYLATE/ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMER
0.4300


POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
0.4000


CAPRYLIC/CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE
0.4000


IMIDAZOLIDINYL UREA
0.3060


PENTYLENE GLYCOL
0.2500


XANTHAN GUM
0.2300


METHYLPARABEN
0.1531


DISODIUM EDTA
0.1000


TROMETHAMINE
0.0600


BUTYLPARABEN
0.0417


ETHYLPARABEN
0.0402


SQUALANE
0.0250


PROPYLPARABEN
0.0211


BUTYLENE GLYCOL
0.0209


ISOBUTYLPARABEN
0.0204


CITRIC ACID
0.0200


SOLUBLE COLLAGEN
0.0171


PROPYLENE GLYCOL
0.0100


CERAMIDE 3
0.0050


CHITOSAN
0.0046


SODIUM CHLORIDE
0.0027


SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE
0.0019


GLUCOSE
0.0019


ALCOHOL
0.0010


LYSINE HCL
0.0006


THREONINE
0.0004


ARGININE
0.0004


SERINE
0.0002


POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
0.0002


HISTIDINE
0.0002


GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL
0.0002


TRYPTOPHAN
0.0001


SODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.0001


PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE
0.0001


OLIGOPEPTIDE-21
0.0001


MAGNESIUM SULFATE
0.0001


GLYCINE
0.0001


CALCIUM CHLORIDE
0.0001


SODIUM OLEATE
0.0001


FOLIC ACID
0.0001


CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE
0.0001



100.0000









Example 8
Day Cream











Formula (INCI/CTFA adopted names)
% w/w
















WATER (AQUA)
68.2676


HYDROGENATED COCO-GLYCERIDES
3.0000


ETHYLHEXYL METHOXYCINNAMATE
3.0000


PETROLATUM
2.7001


TRIETHYLHEXANOIN
2.5000


ISOSTEARYL ISOSTEARATE
2.5000


CETEARYL ALCOHOL
2.2400


PPG-15 STEARYL ETHER
1.5000


PEG-30 STEARATE
1.4000


BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE
1.4000


STEARYL ALCOHOL
1.2250


MYRISTYL ALCOHOL
1.0750


OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) FRUIT OIL
1.0000


BEESWAX (CERA ALBA)
1.0000


PHENOXYETHANOL
0.9376


BUTYLENE GLYCOL
0.5834


CETEARETH-20
0.5600


CETYL ALCOHOL
0.5500


TOCOPHERYL ACETATE
0.5000


CETEARETH-25
0.4250


CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT
0.3750


CYCLOPENTASILOXANE
0.3250


METHYLPARABEN
0.3127


LANOLIN ALCOHOL
0.3007


ACRYLATES/C10-30 ALKYL ACRYLATE
0.3000


CROSSPOLYMER



HEXYL CINNAMAL
0.2016


PROPYLPARABEN
0.2008


ETHYLPARABEN
0.2002


CETEARETH-15
0.1875


CYCLOHEXASILOXANE
0.1750


EDTA
0.1551


SODIUM HYDROXIDE
0.1258


FRAGRANCE (PARFUM)
0.1173


SODIUM CITRATE
0.1000


ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN
0.1000


ETHYLHEXYL SALICYLATE
0.1000


LECITHIN
0.0915


BHT
0.0500


ZEA MAYS (CORN) KERNEL EXTRACT
0.0450


MYRETH-4
0.0375


LINALOOL
0.0235


SOLUBLE COLLAGEN
0.0171


LIMONENE
0.0101


GLYCERIN
0.0100


ALCOHOL
0.0100


XANTHAN GUM
0.0083


CITRIC ACID
0.0080


TRIHYDROXYPALMITAMIDOHYDROXYPROPYL
0.0078


MYRISTYL ETHER



ALPHA-ISOMETHYL IONONE
0.0068


CITRAL
0.0061


CHITOSAN
0.0046


HYDROXYISOHEXYL 3-CYCLOHEXENE
0.0030


CARBOXALDEHYDE



SODIUM CHLORIDE
0.0027


BUTYLPHENYL METHYLPROPIONAL
0.0024


GLYCINE SOJA (SOYBEAN) OIL
0.0020


SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE
0.0019


GLUCOSE
0.0019


BUTYLPARABEN
0.0017


BENZYL SALICYLATE
0.0016


HYDROGENATED LECITHIN
0.0010


LYSINE HCL
0.0006


OLIGOPEPTIDE-21
0.0005


CITRONELLOL
0.0005


THREONINE
0.0004


ISOBUTYLPARABEN
0.0004


DISODIUM EDTA
0.0004


ARGININE
0.0004


SERINE
0.0002


POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
0.0002


HISTIDINE
0.0002


GERANIOL
0.0002


TRYPTOPHAN
0.0001


SODIUM PHOSPHATE
0.0001


SODIUM OLEATE
0.0001


MAGNESIUM SULFATE
0.0001


GLYCINE
0.0001


CALCIUM CHLORIDE
0.0001


ISOEUGENOL
0.0001


HYDROXYCITRONELLAL
0.0001


FOLIC ACID
0.0001


CALCIUM PANTOTHENATE
0.0001


BENZYL ALCOHOL
0.0001



100.0000









The following Examples describe comparative experiments which were carried out with

    (a) (i) a combination of collagen, chitosan and sodium condroitin sulfate (hereafter “MPC”) and (ii) MPC plus oligopeptide-21 (hereafter “MPC+IDP4”);
    (b) (i) a composition comprising glycoproteins 1 and 2 and ginseng and horsetail extracts (hereafter “GPVE”) and (ii) GPVE plus oligopeptide-21 (hereafter “GPVE+IDP4”);
    (c) (i) a combination of MPC and GPVE (hereafter “GPVE/MPC”) and (ii) a combination of GPVE/MPC and oligopeptide-21 (hereafter “GPVE/MPC+IDP4”).


MPC is commercially available as Molecular Patch Complex from Coletica, Lyon, France. This product was filtered using a 0.22 μl filter and used as such. The concentrations thereof are in % w/w. IDP4 was employed as a solution of 500 mg of oligopeptide-21 in 1 L of water. “STDEV” means Standard Deviation.
Example 9
Cell Growth Assay
The effect of the addition of MPC vs. (MPC+IDP4), GPVE vs. (GPVE+IDP4), and GPVE/MPC vs. (GPVE/MPC=IDP4) on the growth of the following cells was investigated:

    1. HacaT keratinocyte cell line
    2. NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line
    3. MSC (mesenchymal stem cells).


Method:

    (1) Cell seeding
    (2) Starvation for 24 h with serum-free DMEM media
    (3) Sample treatment
    (4) Cultivation for 72 h
    (5) Cell harvesting
    (6) Cell growth assay


The obtained results are summarized in the tables below:



















control
0.02%
0.20%
2%
0.02%
0.20%
2%



















MPC
MPC + IDP4














HacaT
100
104
108
148
100
118
153


STDEV
2.942
10.345
4.689
5.33
8.036
4.995
9.365


NIH3T3
100
119
123
134
205
202
200


STDEV
10.23
15.24
10.235
6.965
15.234
5.6987
10.662


MSC
100
102
107
117
120
121
130


STDEV
10.124
4.085
7.023
10.012
8.365
4.251
7.953










GPVE
GPVE + IDP4














HacaT
100
120
147
199
137
156
185


STDEV
5
9.435
15.224
10.054
4.253
8.032
9.102


NIH3T3
100
110
171
272
165
183
323


STDEV
2.502
4.921
10.234
5.241
7.653
4.932
10.495


MSC
100
104
337
117
98
337
335


STDEV
3.958
6.324
5.216
10.523
5.236
4.662
6.321










GPVE/MPC
GPVE/MPC + IDP4














HacaT
100
122
127
198
134
140
201


STDEV
5.112
5.995
5.022
2.001
4.953
2.123
8.798


NIH3T3
100
126
158
356
171
222
406


STDEV
4.568
5.003
4.603
4.596
5.5452
5.33
3.986


MSC
100
110
123
165
130
142
180


STDEV
2.335
5.021
5.632
9.565
9.996
4.968
7.663









Additionally, the effect of the addition of IDP4, GPVE, MPC, GPVE/MPC, GPVE/MPC+IDPE and several other substances (THE TPS, Cbglyc and MEYM7) on the growth of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells was compared. The results are set forth in the following table.














Haca T
NIH3T3
MSC



(%)
(%)
(%)




















control
100
100
100



IDP4 10 μg/ml
148
260
145



GPVE 2%
159
272
117



MPC 2%
148
134
117



GPVE/MPC 2%
198
356
165



GPVE/MPC + IDP4
201
406
180



THE 2%
41
56
88



TPS 2%
59
91
117



Chglyc 2%
85
110
79



MEYM7 2%
59
119
103









The data summarized in the above tables (and graphically represented in FIGS. 1-3, 10 and 11 wherein Con=Control) shows that in the case of MPC a statistically significant increase in cell growth was obtained with the keratinocyte cell line at a concentration of 2% MPC, both alone (FIG. 1, left bar) and in combination with IDP4 (FIG. 1, right bar), and that with the fibroblast cell line a statistically significant increase in cell growth was obtained at a concentration of as low as 0.02% MPC, but only in combination with IDP4 (FIG. 3). In the case of GPVE (FIG. 10) a statistically significant increase in cell growth was obtained with the keratinocyte cell line and the fibroblast cell line at a concentration of 2%, both with and without addition of IDP4. In the case of GPVE/MPC (FIG. 11) a statistically significant increase in cell growth was obtained with the keratinocyte cell line, the fibroblast cell line and the mesenchymal stem cells at a concentration of 2%, both with and without addition of IDP4. The addition of IPD4 alone at the concentration employed (1 μg) did not afford any statistically significant increase in growth with any of the tested cells.
FIGS. 12-14 are photographs which illustrate the effect of the addition of GPVE and GPVE/MPC with or without IDP4 on the above cell lines.
Example 10
Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) Expression
The effect of the addition of MPC and MPC+IDP4 on the extracellular matrix expression of procollagen, fibronectin, elastin, hyaluronic acid and laminine by the following cells was investigated:

    1. HacaT keratinocyte cell line (hyaluronic acid, laminine)
    2. NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line (procollagen, fibronectin, elastin).


Method:

    (1) Cell seeding
    (2) Starvation for 24 h with serum-free DMEM media
    (3) Sample treatment
    (4) Cultivation for 72 h
    (5) Cell supernatant collection
    (6) Assay


Assay (ELISA):

    (a) Coating with capture antibody
    (b) Blocking (blocking solution)
    (c) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (d) Addition of sample and standard to each well
    (e) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (f) Addition of conjugate to each well
    (g) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (h) Addition of substrate solution to each well
    (i) Addition of stop solution to each well
    (j) Reading of optical density at 450 nm


The obtained results are summarized in the tables below:
(a) Procollagen expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIGS. 4a and 4b; Con=Control):













Collagen
Relative



concentration (pg/ml)
rate (%)












MPC
MPC + IDP4
MPC
MPC + IDP4













control
136
181
100
133.1















MPC
0.02%
227
272
166.9
200.0



0.20%
272
280
200.0
205.9



  2%
136
227
100.0
166.9









(b) Fibronectin expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIGS. 5a and 5b; Con=Control):
















MPC
MPC + IDP4
MPC
MPC + IDP4










fibronectin (pg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
500
549
100
110


MPC
0.02%
457
419
91
84



0.20%
515
547
103
109



  2%
516
504
103
101









(c) Elastin expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIGS. 6a and 6b; Con=Control):
















MPC
MPC + IDP4
MPC
MPC + IDP4










Elastin (μg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
22.2
23.77
100.0
107.1


MPC
0.02%
20.2
26
91.0
117.1



0.20%
23.8
25
107.2
112.6



  2%
22.5
25
101.4
112.6









(d) Hyaluronic acid expression by keratinocyte cells (see also FIGS. 7a and 7b; Con=Control):
















MPC
MPC + IDP4
MPC
MPC + IDP4










Hyaluronic acid (ng/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
223.15
273.77
100.0
122.7


MPC
0.02%
309.92
344.85
138.9
154.5



0.20%
383.68
500
171.9
224.1



  2%
515.63
703.13
231.1
315.1









(e) Laminine expression by keratinocyte cells (see also FIGS. 8a and 8b; Con=Control):
















MPC
MPC + IDP4
MPC
MPC + IDP4










Laminine (μg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
23.15
33.77
100.0
145.9


MPC
0.02%
39.2
34
169.3
146.9



0.20%
33.68
40
145.5
172.8



  2%
35.63
43.13
153.9
186.3









The data summarized in the above tables shows that a statistically significant increase in the expression of hyaluronic acid was obtained with keratinocytes at a concentration of 2% MPC in combination with IDP4 (right bar). A statistically significant increase in the expression of hyaluronic acid was obtained neither with MPC alone nor with IDP4 alone.
Example 11
Protective Effect Against H2O2 (Anti-apoptosis Effect)
The protective (anti-apoptosis) effect of the addition of MPC and MPC+IDP4 on mesenchymal stem cells against H2O2 (free radical former) was tested.
Method:

    (1) Cell seeding
    (2) Starvation for 24 h with serum-free DMEM media
    (3) Sample treatment
    (4) Cultivation for 24 h
    (5) Treatment with 5 mM H2O2 
    (6) Incubation for 24 h
    (7) Cell growth assay


The obtained results are summarized in the table below:














W/O H2O2















control
IDP4
0%
0.02%
0.20%
2%













With H2O2 MPC













MSC
139
175
100
 97
121
147









With H2O2 MPC + IDP4












110
105
148
170










The data summarized in the above table (and graphically represented in FIG. 9) shows that a statistically significant decrease in cell apoptosis and increase in cell prolifertion was obtained with the mesenchymal stem cells upon addition of 2% MPC, but only in combination with IDP4 (right bar).
Example 12
Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) Expression
The effect of the addition of GPVE and GPVE+IDP4 on the extracellular matrix expression of procollagen, fibronectin, elastin, hyaluronic acid and laminine by the following cells was investigated:

    1. HacaT keratinocyte cell line (hyaluronic acid, laminine)
    2. NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line (procollagen, fibronectin, elastin).


Method:

    (1) Cell seeding
    (2) Starvation for 24 h with serum-free DMEM media
    (3) Sample treatment
    (4) Cultivation for 72 h
    (5) Cell supernatant collection
    (6) Assay


Assay (ELISA):

    (a) Coating with capture antibody
    (b) Blocking (blocking solution)
    (c) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (d) Addition of sample and standard to each well
    (e) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (f) Addition of conjugate to each well
    (g) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (h) Addition of substrate solution to each well
    (i) Addition of stop solution to each well
    (j) Reading of optical density at 450 nm


The obtained results are summarized in the tables below:
(a) Procollagen expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIG. 15; Con=Control):















GPVE
GPVE + IDP4












Collagen concentration
GPVE
GPVE + IDP4










(pg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
81
102
100.0
125.9


GPVE
0.02%
127
127
156.8
156.8



0.20%
227
181
280.2
223.5



  2%
230
318
284.0
392.6









(b) Fibronectin expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIG. 16; Con=Control):
















GPVE
GPVE + IDP4
GPVE
GPVE + IDP4










fibronectin (pg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
500
526
100
105


GPVE
0.02%
626
716
125
143



0.20%
762
805
152
161



  2%
1,250
1,317
250
263









(c) Elastin expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIG. 17; Con=Control):
















GPVE
GPVE + IDP4
GPVE
GPVE + IDP4










Elastin (μg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
23
25
100.0
108.7


GPVE
0.02%
25
30
108.7
130.4



0.20%
28
31
121.7
134.8



  2%
25
28
108.7
121.7









(d) Hyaluronic acid expression by keratinocyte cells (see also FIG. 18; Con=Control):
















GPVE
GPVE + IDP4
GPVE
GPVE + IDP4










Hyaluronic acid (ng/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
180.36
230.38
100
128


GPVE
0.02%
317.15
587.5
176
326



0.20%
390.63
656.25
217
364



  2%
486.36
754.54
270
418









(e) Laminine expression by keratinocyte cells (see also FIG. 19; Con=Control):
















GPVE
GPVE + IDP4
GPVE
GPVE + IDP4










Laminine (μg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
30.9
38
100
123


GPVE
0.02%
35
42
113
136



0.20%
40
50
129
162



  2%
54
62
175
201









The expression of procollagen, fibronectin, elastin, hyaluronic acid and laminine by keratinocyte cells and fibroblast cells as a function of the concentration of IDP4 was also investigated. The results are summarized in the table below (see also FIG. 20).

















procol-
fibro-
elas-
hyaluronic




lagen
nectin
tin
acid
laminine



%
%
%
%
%





















control
100
100
100
100
100














IDP4
10
ng/ml
175
101
131
110
115



100
ng/ml
226
105
127
137.5
135



1
μg/ml
302
116
137
150
175



10
μg/ml
333
158
131
160
177.5









The data summarized in the above tables shows a maximum increase of collagen expression when 2% of GPVE are added to fibroblast cells, and shows a dramatic increase of collagen expression when IDP4 is additionally added. The data also shows an increase in fibronectin expression at 2% GPVE plus IDP4. It also shows a stronger increase in hyaluronic acid and laminine expression when 2% GPVE and additionally IDP4 are present.
Example 13
Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM) Expression
The effect of GPVE/MPC and GPVE/MPC+IDP4 on the extracellular matrix expression of procollagen, fibronectin, elastin, hyaluronic acid and laminine by the following cells was investigated:

    1. HacaT keratinocyte cell line (hyaluronic acid, laminine)
    2. NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line (procollagen, fibronectin, elastin).


Method:

    (1) Cell seeding
    (2) Starvation for 24 h with serum-free DMEM media
    (3) Sample treatment
    (4) Cultivation for 72 h
    (5) Cell supernatant collection
    (6) Assay


Assay (ELISA):

    (a) Coating with capture antibody
    (b) Blocking (blocking solution)
    (c) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (d) Addition of sample and standard to each well
    (e) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (f) Addition of conjugate to each well
    (g) Aspiration and washing each well five times
    (h) Addition of substrate solution to each well
    (i) Addition of stop solution to each well
    (j) Reading of optical density at 450 nm


The obtained results are summarized in the tables below:
(a) Procollagen expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIG. 21; Con=Control):

















GPVE/





GPVE/
MPC +

GPVE/



MPC
IDP4
GPVE/
MPC +











Collagen concentration
MPC
IDP4










(pg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
79
82
100
100


GPVE/
0.02%
130
150
171
197


MPC
0.20%
243
260
319
342



  2%
246
348
323
523









(b) Fibronectin expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIG. 22; Con=Control):

















GPVE/

GPVE/



GPVE/
MPC +
GPVE/
MPC +



MPC
IDP4
MPC
IDP4










fibronectin (pg/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
600
604
100
101













GPVE/
500
ng/ml
600
632
100
105


MPC
5
μg/ml
626
674
104
112



50
μg/ml
1,508
1,843
251
307









(c) Elastin expression by fibroblast cells (see also FIG. 23; Con=Control):

















GPVE/

GPVE/



GPVE/
MPC +
GPVE/
MPC +



MPC
IDP4
MPC
IDP4












Elastin (μg/ml)

Relative rate (%)

















control
16.6
18.3
100.0
110.2


GPVE/
0.02%
15
15.4
90.4
92.8


MPC
0.20%
20.63
20
124.3
120.5



  2%
15.2
16.3
91.6
98.2









(d) Hyaluronic acid expression by keratinocyte cells (see also FIG. 24; Con=
Control):

















GPVE/

GPVE/



GPVE/
MPC +
GPVE/
MPC +



MPC
IDP4
MPC
IDP4










Hyaluronic acid (ng/ml)
Relative rate (%)

















control
237.62
273.77
100.0
115.2


GPVE/
0.02%
259.31
375
109.1
157.8


MPC
0.20%
295.46
515.63
124.3
217.0



  2%
886.36
950
373.0
399.8









(e) Laminine expression by keratinbcyte cells (see also FIG. 25; Con=Control):

















GPVE/

GPVE/



GPVE/
MPC +
GPVE/
MPC +



MPC
IDP4
MPC
IDP4












Laminine (μg/ml)

Relative rate (%)

















control
29.7
35
100.0
117.8


GPVE/
0.02%
40
52
134.7
175.1


MPC
0.20%
45
60
151.5
202.0



  2%
61
73
205.4
245.8









The expression of procollagen, fibronectin, elastin, hyaluronic acid and laminine by keratinocyte cells and fibroblast cells in the presence of IDPE, GPVE, MPC, GPVE/MPC, GPVE/MPC+IDP4 as well as several other substances (THE, TPS, Chgly and MEYM7) was also compared. The results are summarized in the table below.

















procol-
fibro-

hyaluronic




lagen
nectin
elastin
acid
laminine



%
%
%
%
%





















control
100
100
100
100
100


IDP4 10 μg/ml
333
158
137
160
177.5


GPVE 2%
284
250
121
270
175


MPC 2%
166
103
107.2
231.1
169.3


GPVE/MPC 2%
323
251
124
373
205


GPVE/MPC + IDP4
523
307
121
400
245


THE 2%
111
119
98
125
124


TPS 2%
118
119
125
137
93


Chglyc 2%
167
41
78
183
120


MEYM7 2%
165
87
81
63
65









The data summarized in the above tables shows a maximum increase of collagen expression of 140% when 2% of GPVE/MPC are added to fibroblast cells, and shows a dramatic increase of 350% collagen expression when IDP4 is additionally added. Substantially the same applies to fibronectin expression. The data also shows a maximum increase in hyaluronic acid and laminine expression when 2% GPVE and additionally IDP4 are added.
It is noted that the foregoing examples have been provided merely for the purpose of explanation and are in no way to be construed as limiting of the present invention. While the present invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it is understood that the words that have been used are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made, within the purview of the appended claims, as presently stated and as amended, without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention in its aspects. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein. Instead, the invention extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses, such as are within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A topical cosmetic or dermatological preparation for promoting skin cell growth and/or reducing or preventing scar tissue formation comprising effective amounts of:
(a) collagen;
(b) at least one of chitosan and an acetyl derivative thereof with a degree of acetylation of up to about 50%;
(c) at least one glycosaminoglylcan; and
(d) oligopeptide-21.

2. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation further comprises
(e) a composition comprising
(i) glycoprotein 1;
(ii) glycoprotein 2;
(iii) ginseng extract; and
(iv) horsetail extract.

3. The preparation of claim 1, wherein (d) is present in a form which prevents it from contacting (a), (b) and (c) directly.

4. The preparation of claim 1, wherein (d) is present in the form of a nanoemulsion.

5. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation further comprises lecithin, glycerin and glycine soja oil.

6. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation further comprises one or more skin cell culture media ingredients.

7. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation comprises at least one of a nanosponge matrix and a microsponge matrix of substances (a) to (c), which nanosponge matrix or microsponge matrix comprises one or more cell culture media ingredients.

8. A cosmetic or dermatological product which comprises the preparation of claim 1 and is selected from an aqueous gel, an O/W emulsion, a W/O/W emulsion, a W/0 emulsion, and a microemulsion.

9. An article which comprises the preparation of claim 1 and is selected from a wound covering, a skin covering, a patch, a pad, a tissue and a bandage.

10. A polyurethane matrix which comprises incorporated therein the preparation of claim 1.

11. The preparation of claim 1, wherein a total concentration of components (a) to (c) is from about 0.005% to about 10% by weight, and (d) is present in a concentration of from about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight, each based on a total weight of the preparation.

12. The preparation of claim 11, wherein a total concentration of components (a) to (c) is from about 0.01% to about 1% by weight.

13. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation comprises at least 30% by weight of water, based on a total weight of the preparation.

14. The preparation of claim 11, wherein the preparation comprises at least 50% by weight of water, based on a total weight of the preparation.

15. A topical cosmetic or dermatological preparation for promoting skin cell growth and/or reducing or preventing scar tissue formation comprising effective amounts of:
(A) oligopeptide-21;
(B) glycoprotein 1;
(C) glycoprotein 2;
(D) ginseng extract; and
(E) horsetail extract.

16. The preparation of claim 15, wherein (A) is present in the form of a nanoemulsion.

17. The preparation of claim 15, wherein (A) is present in a concentration of from about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight, and (B), (C), (D), and (E) are present in a total concentration of from about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight, each based on a total weight of the preparation.

18. The preparation of claim 15, wherein the preparation comprises at least 30% by weight of water, based on a total weight of the preparation.