II 

111TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1435 

To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit human-animal hybrids. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

JULY 9, 2009 

Mr. BROWNBACK (for himself, Ms. LANDRIEU, Mr. BUNNING, Mr. BURR, Mr. 

CHAMBLISS, Mr. COBURN, Mr. CORKER, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. ENSIGN, Mr. 

GRAHAM, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. JOHANNS, Mr. KYL, Mr. MARTINEZ, Mr. 

MCCAIN, Mr. RISCH, Mr. THUNE, Mr. VITTER, Mr. VOINOVICH, Mr. 

WICKER, and Mr. DEMINT) introduced the following bill; which was read 

twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary 

A BILL 

To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit humananimal hybrids. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Human-Animal Hybrid 

5 Prohibition Act of 2009’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress finds that— 

8 (1) advances in research and technology have 

9 made possible the creation of human-animal hybrids; 


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1 (2) human-animal hybrids are grossly unethical 

2 because they blur the line between human and ani3 mal, male and female, parent and child, and one in4 dividual and another individual; 

5 (3) human dignity and the integrity of the 

6 human species are compromised by human-animal 

7 hybrids; 

8 (4) the uniqueness of individual human beings 

9 is manifested in a particular way through their brain 

10 and their reproductive organs/cells; and 

11 (5) with an increase in emerging zoonotic infec12 tion threatening the global public health, human-ani13 mal hybrids present a particularly optimal means of 

14 genetic transfers that could increase the efficiency or 

15 virulence of diseases threatening both humans and 

16 animals. 

17 SEC. 3. PROHIBITION ON HUMAN-ANIMAL HYBRIDS. 

18 Part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended 

19 by inserting after chapter 51 the following: 

20 ‘‘CHAPTER 52—HUMAN-ANIMAL HYBRIDS 

‘‘Sec. 

‘‘1131. Definitions. 

‘‘1132. Prohibition on human-animal hybrids. 

21 ‘‘§ 1131. Definitions 

22 ‘‘In this chapter the following definitions apply: 

23 ‘‘(1) HUMAN-ANIMAL HYBRID.—The term 

24 ‘human-animal hybrid’ means— 


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1 ‘‘(A) a human embryo into which a non2 human cell or cells (or the component parts 

3 thereof) have been introduced to render the em4 bryo’s membership in the species Homo sapiens 

5 uncertain; 

6 ‘‘(B) a hybrid human/animal embryo pro7 duced by fertilizing a human egg with non8 human sperm; 

9 ‘‘(C) a hybrid human/animal embryo pro10 duced by fertilizing a non-human egg with 

11 human sperm; 

12 ‘‘(D) an embryo produced by introducing a 

13 non-human nucleus into a human egg; 

14 ‘‘(E) an embryo produced by introducing a 

15 human nucleus into a non-human egg; 

16 ‘‘(F) an embryo containing at least haploid 

17 sets of chromosomes from both a human and a 

18 non-human life form; 

19 ‘‘(G) a non-human life form engineered 

20 such that human gametes develop within the 

21 body of a non-human life form; or 

22 ‘‘(H) a non-human life form engineered 

23 such that it contains a human brain or a brain 

24 derived wholly or predominantly from human 

25 neural tissues. 


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1 ‘‘(2) HUMAN EMBRYO.—The term ‘human em2 bryo’ means an organism of the species Homo sapi3 ens during the earliest stages of development, from 

4 1 cell up to 8 weeks. 

5 ‘‘§ 1132. Prohibition on human-animal hybrids 

6 ‘‘(a) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any per7 son to knowingly, in or otherwise affecting interstate com8 merce— 

9 ‘‘(1) create or attempt to create a human-ani10 mal hybrid; 

11 ‘‘(2) transfer or attempt to transfer a human 

12 embryo into a non-human womb; 

13 ‘‘(3) transfer or attempt to transfer a non14 human embryo into a human womb; or 

15 ‘‘(4) transport or receive for any purpose a 

16 human-animal hybrid. 

17 ‘‘(b) PENALTIES.— 

18 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Whoever violates subsection 

19 (a) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not 

20 more than 10 years, or both. 

21 ‘‘(2) CIVIL PENALTY.—Whoever violates sub22 section (a) and derives pecuniary gain from such vio23 lation shall be subject to a civil fine of the greater 

24 of $1,000,000 and an amount equal to the amount 

25 of the gross gain multiplied by 2.’’. 


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1 SEC. 4. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT. 

2 The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United 

3 States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relat4 ing to chapter 51 the following: 

‘‘52. Human-animal hybrids ........................................................... 1131’’. 

Æ 


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