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ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION ISO 9001 CERTIFIED

FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 14001 Certified 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC 

November 13, 2009 

Brian H. West 

Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

NTRC Building 

2360 Cherahala Boulevard 

Knoxville, TN 37932 

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 13 for the Period October 1, through October 31, 2009; 

for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol 

Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456, 

CRC Project E-87-2, SwRI Project 03.14530. 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

 The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and 

E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting catalyst and oxygen sensor temperatures. This project will also 

generate valuable data on vehicle emissions and performance. 

Vehicles selected for this study will include a wide range of manufacturers across several 

model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehicles that have been identified 

as having leaner and hotter operation on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open 

throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large 

numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknown open-loop fuel control at WOT 

may also be selected. 

 In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three 

levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, and E20) and compare emissions and vehicle 

performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service 

accumulation and emissions testing are to be performed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. 

For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged and emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, 

E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three added service accumulation 

levels: 0 miles (start of service accumulation), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service 

accumulation level), and at the end of the vehicle’s full-useful life (nominally 120,000 miles). 

Beginning in August 2009, selected new vehicle sets will be tested with E0, E15, and E20 fuels. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

November 13, 2009 

Page 2 of 5 

2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PERIOD OCTOBER 1-31, 2009 

2.1 Honda Accords 

The Honda Accords have completed vehicle service accumulation and emissions testing 

to 120,000 odometer miles. Vehicle FTP emissions test data with NMOG and carbon balance 

fuel economy data at 0 and 50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles for the Accords are 

provided in Appendix A, Tables A1, A2, and A3, respectively. 

2.2 Chevrolet Silverados 

The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set has completed vehicle service accumulation and 

emissions testing to 120,000 odometer miles. Silverado vehicle FTP emissions test data at 0 and 

50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles is provided in Appendix A, Tables A4, A5, and 

A6, respectively. Silverado alcohols and aldehydes emissions data at 120,000 miles have been 

updated since the previous progress report 

2.3 Nissan Altimas 

 The Nissan Altima vehicle set continued with service accumulation on the SwRI Mileage 

Accumulation Dynamometers during this reporting period. Service accumulation will continue 

into the next reporting period to a total of 120,000 odometer miles on the highest mileage 

vehicle. Emissions test data for the Altimas at 0 and 50,000 test miles are provided in Appendix 

A, Tables A7 and A8, respectively. Emissions testing at 120,000 odometer miles will be 

scheduled following completion of the service accumulation. 

2.4 Ford Tauruses 

 The Ford Taurus vehicle set continued with service accumulation toward 50,000 test 

miles during this reporting period. Taurus emissions data at zero test miles are given in 

Appendix A, Table A-9. Vehicle emissions testing will resume in November following service 

accumulation. Following emissions testing, service accumulation will continue until 

approximately 120,000 odometer miles are reached on the highest mileage vehicle. 

2.5 Dodge Caravans 

Vehicle emissions testing of Dodge Caravans ORDC0, ORDC10, and ORDC15 at zero 

test miles continued and was completed during this reporting period. Emission tests for 

replacement Dodge Caravan ORDC20B were completed later in the reporting period. Dodge 

Caravan emissions data for all four vehicles at zero test miles are provided in Appendix A, Table 

A10. Dodge Caravan vehicle set service accumulation to 50,000 test miles is scheduled to begin 

in November. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

November 13, 2009 

Page 3 of 5 

2.6 Chevrolet Cobalts

The Cobalts began zero-mile emissions and wide-open-throttle (WOT) testing during the 

current reporting period. Emissions test data processed to date for the Cobalt vehicle set are 

provided in Appendix A, Table A11. The Cobalts are scheduled to complete zero-mile 

emissions testing and begin vehicle service accumulation to 50,000 test miles in November. 

The Cobalt vehicle set is the first “three-vehicle” set for the project, and this set will 

undergo service accumulation on E0, E15, and E20 fuels. There will not be any service 

accumulation testing with E10 fuel with this vehicle set. 

2.7 Vehicle Procurement – Dodge Calibers, Nissan Quests, and Nissan Frontiers

During the previous reporting period, three additional sets of vehicles were authorized for 

procurement for the project. During the current reporting period, the search for three (3) 

matched vehicles for each of the following three vehicle models continued: 

• 2007 Dodge Caliber, 2.0 L I-4 engine, CVT automatic transmission, EPA engine family: 

7CRXB02.4ME5 

• 2006 Nissan Quest minivan, 3.5 L V-6 engine, 5-speed automatic transmission, EPA 

engine family: 6NSXT03.5G7B 

• 2002 Nissan Frontier 2WD pickup truck, 2.4 L I-4 engine, 4-speed automatic 

transmission, EPA engine family: 2NSXT02.4C4A 

The specification for the 2007 Dodge Caliber engine displacement was changed from the 

2.4 L model to the 2.0 L model on October 19, 2009. This change was requested by Oak Ridge 

and CRC because the 2.0 L engine is more available in the marketplace. 

2.7 Wide-Open-Throttle Vehicle Acceleration and Lambda Measurement Tests

 Wide-open-throttle (WOT) vehicle acceleration tests were performed following extended 

vehicle preps on new fuels and prior to vehicle emission tests on all program vehicles. A partial 

collection of WOT acceleration performance data is included in Appendix B. These data provide 

a comparison of the WOT closed-loop continuous lambda data measured with the vehicle 

operating on E0 and on E20 project test fuels. One vehicle from each of six vehicle model sets is 

represented in Figures B1 through B6. Additional interpretation of WOT lambda data will be 

discussed in future progress reports. 

2.8 Engine Cylinder Compression and Leak-Down Tests 

Engine cylinder compression and leak-down tests were performed on all vehicles 

following emissions test activity. Compression and leak-down test data for the Honda Accord, 

Chevrolet Silverado, Nissan Altima, and Dodge Caravan vehicle sets are provided in Appendix 

C. While engine compression data can be variable and dependent on engine environmental 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

November 13, 2009 

Page 4 of 5 

conditions and other factors, all the compression measurements reported to date suggest that 

there is no concern with engine compression and leak-down test results at this time. 

2.9 Vehicle Oil Consumption 

 Oil consumption history for the Honda Accord, Chevrolet Silverado, Nissan Altima, and 

the Ford Taurus vehicle sets has been recorded by weight. Graphs of oil consumption versus test 

miles are provided in Appendix D. There are no concerns with vehicle oil consumption at this 

time. 

2.10 Project Fuels 

Fuels for emissions testing (fuels E0, E10, E15, and E20) have been blended in sufficient 

quantities for use with the current vehicles under test and for the Cobalt, Caliber, and Quest 

three-vehicle (no E10) vehicle sets. These emissions test fuels have been drummed and are 

being stored at 50°F. 

The availability of commercial E0 durability fuel for this project remains the same as 

reported last month. As reported previously, there is an expectation that E0 service accumulation 

gasoline may not be available much longer at the current supply terminal. This local fuel 

terminal expects to have E0 available through December, and probably into January. SwRI has 

identified another fuel terminal distributing E0 gasoline, and this terminal is expected to have E0 

available through March 2010. SwRI will continue to purchase additional E0 fuel batches when 

Institute fuel storage tanks can accommodate additional tanker deliveries. The availability of 

commercial E0 gasoline will continue to be closely followed for the project. 

2.11 Project Review Meeting 

 As mentioned in the previous progress report, Oak Ridge and CRC have scheduled a 

project review meeting for November 5, 2009, and this meeting will be held at SwRI in San 

Antonio. Meeting minutes will be prepared and included in the next progress report. 

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD 

The Nissan Altima vehicle set will continue service accumulation to a nominal 120,000 

odometer miles (on the highest mileage vehicle). The Ford Taurus vehicle set will continue 

service accumulation to 50,000 test miles. Emissions testing for these two vehicle sets is 

scheduled to be conducted immediately following service accumulation. 

The Dodge Caravan vehicle set service accumulation to 50,000 test miles is scheduled to 

begin in November. The Cobalt vehicle set is scheduled to complete zero-mile emissions testing 

and begin vehicle service accumulation to 50,000 test miles. 

Vehicle procurement efforts will continue for the Dodge Caliber, Nissan Quest, and 

Nissan Frontier vehicle sets. Three (3) matched vehicles will be procured for each vehicle 

model. The Dodge Caliber vehicle set is expected to be obtained and begin test preparations in 

November. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

November 13, 2009 

Page 5 of 5 

 SwRI will continue to monitor the current supplier of project E0 service accumulation 

fuel for the anticipated switch to the distribution of E10 road fuel. When the switch occurs, 

SwRI plans to obtain E0 fuel for the project from another source. An out-of-state terminal is 

expected to have E0 gasoline available through March 2010. 

4.0 CONCLUSION 

 If you have any questions regarding this progress report, please contact Marty Heimrich 

at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org. 

Prepared by: Approved by: 

 

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White 

Manager Director 

Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research 

 and Development and Development 

/sat 

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI 

 Kevin Brunner, SwRI 

This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Southwest Research Institute®. 

Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report. 
APPENDIX A 

FTP VEHICLE EMISSIONS TEST DATA 

2007 Honda Accords 

2006 Chevrolet Silverados 

2008 Nissan Altimas 

2008 Ford Tauruses 

2007 Dodge Caravans 

2006 Chevrolet Caravans
 A- 1 TABLE 1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 0 Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORHA00 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-0k-T8 E0 0.031 0.192 0.014 339.4 0.003 0.028 0.030 0.3 0.1 0.0 2 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-0k-T9 0.037 0.257 0.019 340.8 0.004 0.033 0.035 0.3 0.1 0.2 3 ORHA10B OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-0k-T1 E0 0.036 0.274 0.018 338.7 0.003 0.033 0.034 0.2 0.0 0.0 4 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.036 0.270 0.021 334.4 0.004 0.031 0.033 0.4 0.0 0.1 5 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-0k-T2 E10 0.025 0.143 0.020 332.9 0.003 0.022 0.024 0.2 0.7 0.0 6 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-0k-T4 0.028 0.175 0.021 332.3 0.003 0.024 0.027 0.2 0.7 0.0 7 

ORHA15 

OR-HA15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 

E0 

0.025 0.172 0.014 332.8 0.002 0.022 0.023 0.4 0.2 0.0 

8 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.025 0.183 0.012 332.0 0.003 0.023 0.024 0.7 0.1 0.2 9 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 

E15 

0.019 0.130 0.015 332.4 0.001 0.017 0.021 0.0 1.0 0.0 

10 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-0k-T3 0.016 0.109 0.014 332.2 0.001 0.014 0.017 0.0 0.9 0.0 11 

ORHA20 

OR-HA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3 

E0 

0.027 0.199 0.019 237.2 0.003 0.025 0.026 0.3 0.1 0.2 

12 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.024 0.173 0.014 328.1 0.004 0.020 0.021 0.3 0.1 0.1 13 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-0k-T5 

E20 

0.023 0.140 0.023 327.3 0.004 0.019 0.023 0.3 1.6 0.0 

14 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-0k-T6 0.021 0.137 0.016 334.7 0.003 0.017 0.021 0.3 1.5 0.0 
 A- 2 TABLE 2. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX 

CO2 CH4 NMHC EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORHA00 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1 E0 0.044 0.183 0.023 334.3 0.004 0.040 0.043 0.5 0.2 0.0 2 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.046 0.176 0.026 336.8 0.004 0.041 0.043 0.4 0.0 0.0 3 ORHA10B OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T1 E0 0.041 0.359 0.022 322.4 0.005 0.036 0.038 0.7 0.0 0.0 4 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.026 0.217 0.016 323.9 0.004 0.022 0.023 0.5 0.1 0.0 5 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T1 E10 0.026 0.191 0.019 318.2 0.004 0.022 0.024 0.2 0.6 0.0 6 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.029 0.206 0.029 321.9 0.004 0.025 0.028 0.7 0.6 0.2 7 

ORHA15 

OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.026 0.191 0.016 336.3 0.003 0.022 0.024 0.1 0.0 0.0 

8 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.185 0.021 339.8 0.003 0.029 0.031 0.5 0.1 0.0 9 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1 

E15 

0.037 0.173 0.022 324.7 0.003 0.034 0.040 0.3 1.7 0.0 

10 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.134 0.025 333.6 0.003 0.026 0.030 0.2 1.2 0.0 11 

ORHA20 

OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.032 0.243 0.020 333.0 0.004 0.028 0.029 0.5 0.1 0.0 

12 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.186 0.023 334.1 0.004 0.023 0.025 0.2 0.1 0.1 13 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 

E20 

0.026 0.124 0.025 321.2 0.003 0.022 0.026 0.4 1.5 0.0 

14 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T3 0.026 0.154 0.023 328.5 0.004 0.022 0.026 0.2 1.3 0.0 
 A- 3 TABLE 3. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 120k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite E

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propa

1 ORHA00 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T1 E0 0.038 0.242 0.019 325.3 0.004 0.035 0.036 0.2 0.1 0.0 2 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T3 0.062 0.212 0.032 331.0 0.004 0.058 0.061 0.5 0.2 0.0 3 ORHA10B OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T4 E0 0.039 0.292 0.027 335.2 0.006 0.033 0.035 0.4 0.1 0.0 4 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.037 0.304 0.025 330.4 0.005 0.032 0.034 0.4 0.1 0.0 5 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T1 E10 0.029 0.185 0.027 319.1 0.004 0.024 0.028 0.3 1.0 0.0 6 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T2 0.028 0.178 0.026 322.3 0.005 0.023 0.025 0.0 0.7 0.7 

ORHA15 

OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.034 0.305 0.019 331.3 0.003 0.031 0.034 0.4 0.2 0.2 

8 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.012 0.184 0.013 332.8 0.001 0.010 0.012 0.7 0.1 0.0 9 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T1 

E15 

0.020 0.152 0.026 324.7 0.003 0.016 0.029 4.8 1.1 0.0 

10 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.020 0.102 0.022 320.0 0.003 0.016 0.019 0.0 0.3 0.11 

ORHA20 

OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T4 

E0 

0.034 0.260 0.022 325.7 0.004 0.030 0.031 0.0 0.0 0.

12 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.035 0.272 0.022 323.8 0.005 0.030 0.033 0.4 0.2 0.13 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T1 

E20 

0.014 0.104 0.014 328.1 0.003 0.010 0.016 0.3 1.9 0.0 

14 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.027 0.176 0.024 328.7 0.004 0.022 0.028 0.9 1.6 0.0 
 A- 4 TABLE 4. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORCS00 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T2 E0 0.057 0.640 0.028 569.8 0.011 0.046 0.047 0.3 0.1 0.0 2 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.050 0.561 0.026 571.8 0.009 0.040 0.042 0.4 0.1 0.2 3 ORCS10 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T2 E0 0.061 0.898 0.021 575.5 0.014 0.046 0.049 0.3 0.1 0.6 4 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.055 0.723 0.024 577.6 0.013 0.041 0.045 0.5 0.1 0.6 5 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T3 E10 0.051 0.703 0.025 566.0 0.012 0.037 0.041 0.2 1.4 0.0 6 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.790 0.028 557.7 0.013 0.039 0.043 0.4 1.4 0.0 7 

ORCS15 

OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.060 0.871 0.019 553.1 0.013 0.047 0.050 0.2 0.5 0.0 

8 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.060 0.819 0.022 554.8 0.013 0.047 0.049 0.4 0.1 0.1 9 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T3 

E15 

0.054 0.792 0.026 552.8 0.012 0.041 0.048 0.2 2.8 0.0 

10 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 0.051 0.730 0.028 552.4 0.013 0.036 0.043 0.3 2.2 0.0 11 

ORCS20 

OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.067 0.919 0.024 554.9 0.013 0.053 0.057 0.1 0.0 0.0 

12 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.066 0.905 0.022 558.7 0.008 0.060 0.062 0.5 0.3 0.0 13 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T3 

E20 

0.055 0.854 0.023 551.6 0.012 0.042 0.051 0.2 3.4 0.0 

14 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.837 0.023 549.6 0.013 0.038 0.047 0.5 3.1 0.1 
 A- 5 TABLE 5. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORCS00 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T1 E0 0.085 0.613 0.051 547.8 0.022 0.062 0.066 1.5 0.2 0.2 2 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.071 0.737 0.042 542.7 0.015 0.054 0.058 1.0 0.3 0.6 3 ORCS10 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T1 E0 0.043 0.673 0.025 537.6 0.013 0.029 0.034 2.2 1.1 0.2 4 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.605 0.020 543.4 0.012 0.020 0.023 0.4 0.1 0.3 5 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T1 E10 0.079 0.911 0.048 550.4 0.021 0.056 0.064 1.2 2.7 0.1 6 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T3 0.070 0.736 0.044 549.6 0.021 0.047 0.058 1.5 4.5 0.0 7 

ORCS15 

OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.045 0.653 0.020 526.8 0.014 0.031 0.034 1.4 0.0 0.3 

8 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.049 0.694 0.025 530.3 0.014 0.034 0.036 0.3 0.1 0.0 9 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T1 

E15 

0.086 0.851 0.046 538.9 0.022 0.062 0.077 0.7 6.3 0.0 

10 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.060 0.742 0.035 540.2 0.017 0.041 0.050 0.5 3.4 0.0 11 

ORCS20 

OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T3 

E0 

0.040 0.507 0.022 532.2 0.015 0.024 0.027 0.0 0.1 0.7 

12 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.037 0.462 0.022 524.3 0.012 0.024 0.032 6.3 0.0 0.7 13 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T1 

E20 

0.081 0.538 0.036 542.4 0.022 0.056 0.073 2.8 6.9 0.1 

14 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.079 0.547 0.037 541.7 0.022 0.055 0.068 0.5 5.5 0.0 
 A- 6 TABLE 6. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 120k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX CO 

2 CH4 NMHC EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORCS00 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T3 E0 0.063 0.524 0.023 551.1 0.018 0.044 0.045 0.3 0.0 0.0 2 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T4 0.068 0.563 0.040 551.2 0.018 0.049 0.051 0.3 0.1 0.0 3 ORCS10 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T1 E0 0.067 0.721 0.043 551.6 0.016 0.050 0.053 0.3 0.1 0.0 4 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.075 0.902 0.049 564.7 0.018 0.058 0.060 0.5 0.1 0.0 5 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T2 E10 0.076 0.752 0.040 564.5 0.020 0.054 0.062 0.5 2.9 0.0 6 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T3 0.077 0.796 0.045 560.4 0.020 0.054 0.063 0.4 2.7 0.0 7 

ORCS15 

OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.093 1.092 0.035 558.5 0.024 0.067 0.070 0.4 0.2 0.0 

8 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.084 0.893 0.038 552.4 0.025 0.057 0.059 0.0 0.2 0.1 9 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T1 

E15 

0.072 0.755 0.033 543.4 0.021 0.049 0.059 0.4 3.5 0.0 

10 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.073 0.759 0.037 547.6 0.022 0.049 0.060 0.5 3.6 0.0 11 

ORCS20 

OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.092 0.861 0.045 549.8 0.025 0.066 0.068 0.5 0.3 0.0 

12 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.090 0.811 0.054 563.2 0.024 0.065 0.067 0.3 0.0 0.0 13 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T1 

E20 

0.060 0.641 0.039 543.7 0.017 0.042 0.052 0.4 3.7 0.0 

14 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.064 0.644 0.038 537.3 0.018 0.043 0.055 0.4 4.3 0.0 
 A- 7 TABLE 7. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORNA00 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T2 E0 0.073 0.497 0.032 309.4 0.006 0.067 0.068 0.2 0.1 0.0 2 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.068 0.425 0.029 311.9 0.006 0.061 0.062 0.2 0.0 0.0 3 ORNA10 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T3 E0 0.056 0.343 0.023 316.1 0.003 0.053 0.054 0.3 0.0 0.0 4 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.058 0.404 0.025 314.1 0.006 0.052 0.053 0.2 0.0 0.0 5 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T1 E10 0.059 0.393 0.023 313.3 0.000 0.058 0.063 0.4 1.9 0.0 6 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T5 0.060 0.345 0.033 318.1 0.005 0.055 0.060 0.3 2.1 0.0 7 

ORNA15 

OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.059 0.392 0.025 317.2 0.006 0.053 0.054 0.2 0.0 0.0 

8 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.059 0.428 0.031 316.6 0.006 0.053 0.054 0.2 0.0 0.0 9 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T1 

E15 

0.042 0.325 0.022 314.0 0.005 0.037 0.042 0.3 2.3 0.0 

10 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.057 0.429 0.023 308.5 0.006 0.050 0.056 0.6 2.4 0.0 11 

ORNA20 

OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3 

E0 

0.061 0.382 0.022 319.4 0.005 0.057 0.058 0.3 0.1 0.0 

12 OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.065 0.393 0.027 319.8 0.006 0.059 0.060 0.2 0.0 0.0 13 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T1 

E20 

0.045 0.307 0.022 308.1 0.000 0.045 0.052 0.2 3.2 0.0 

14 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.055 0.322 0.029 306.9 0.005 0.050 0.059 0.2 4.5 0.0 

 ORNA20 fuel economy test results under investigation 
 A- 8 TABLE 8. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX CO 

2 CH4 NMHC EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORNA00 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1 E0 0.072 0.557 0.049 323.6 0.006 0.066 0.068 0.4 0.0 0.1 2 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.068 0.589 0.052 320.6 0.007 0.060 0.062 0.3 0.0 0.0 3 ORNA10 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T2 E0 0.032 0.253 0.030 305.5 0.005 0.027 0.029 0.0 0.2 0.3 4 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.042 0.203 0.035 305.6 0.005 0.038 0.039 0.6 0.1 0.1 5 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T1 E10 0.061 0.482 0.040 316.4 0.007 0.053 0.062 3.9 2.1 0.1 6 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.500 0.053 311.2 0.007 0.055 0.065 5.9 2.4 0.1 7 

ORNA15 

OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.060 0.557 0.041 316.4 0.006 0.053 0.055 0.1 0.2 0.0 

8 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.067 0.227 0.041 314.3 0.006 0.061 0.063 0.2 0.3 0.0 9 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1 

E15 

0.071 0.214 0.052 316.6 0.007 0.063 0.072 0.3 4.1 0.0 

10 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.051 0.215 0.037 324.2 0.005 0.045 0.052 0.2 2.9 0.0 11 

ORNA20 

OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.052 0.488 0.034 321.7 0.006 0.046 0.047 0.1 0.0 0.0 

12 OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.052 0.537 0.038 313.3 0.006 0.046 0.047 0.0 0.1 0.0 13 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T1 

E20 

0.063 0.213 0.048 313.1 0.007 0.055 0.065 0.3 4.3 0.0 

14 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.241 0.051 320.1 0.007 0.054 0.063 0.2 4.0 0.0 
 A- 9 TABLE 9. 2008 FORD TAURUS EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Em

THC CO NOX CO 

2 CH4 NMHC EPA NMOG Methanol Ethanol 2- Propano

1 ORFT00 OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T1 E0 0.027 0.517 0.002 441.8 0.004 0.024 0.024 0.2 0.1 0.0 2 OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.030 0.591 0.003 437.2 0.004 0.026 0.029 1.1 0.0 0.7 3 ORFT10 OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T2 E0 0.027 0.303 0.005 431.3 0.003 0.024 0.026 0.0 0.3 0.2 4 OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.273 0.003 449.3 0.002 0.019 0.020 0.7 0.0 0.0 5 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T1 E10 0.023 0.271 0.005 448.7 0.003 0.019 0.024 0.3 2.3 0.0 6 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T2 0.026 0.285 0.003 438.7 0.003 0.023 0.034 1.3 5.7 0.0 7 

ORFT15 

OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.024 0.337 0.003 434.1 0.003 0.022 0.024 0.5 0.1 0.8 

8 OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.012 0.229 0.001 429.0 0.002 0.010 0.013 3.4 0.0 0.0 9 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T1 

E15 

0.017 0.303 0.001 422.6 0.003 0.013 0.017 0.0 1.6 0.0 

10 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.019 0.297 0.002 425.6 0.003 0.015 0.021 0.8 2.1 0.1 11 

ORFT20 

OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.028 0.509 0.003 439.5 0.004 0.024 0.024 0.3 0.1 0.0 

12 OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.031 0.518 0.003 437.7 0.004 0.027 0.028 0.4 0.1 0.0 13 OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T1 

E20 

0.025 0.453 0.003 424.5 0.004 0.020 0.028 1.7 2.6 0.3 

14 OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.310 0.002 426.8 0.003 0.017 0.024 0.8 2.7 0.0 
 A- 10 TABLE 10. 2007 DODGE CARAVAN EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi C-Bal 

Econo

THC CO NOX CO mi/g

2 CH4 NMHC 1 ORDC00 OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 E0 0.045 1.415 0.037 447.9 0.007 0.038 20.0

2 OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.057 1.796 0.066 450.9 0.009 0.048 19.83 ORDC10 OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 E0 0.049 0.974 0.025 459.4 0.007 0.042 19.54 OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.056 1.241 0.026 456.2 0.009 0.047 19.75 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T5 E10 0.038 1.013 0.021 455.3 0.006 0.031 18.86 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T6 0.058 1.172 0.032 453.7 0.007 0.050 18.97 

ORDC15 

OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T4 

E0 

0.036 0.856 0.025 460.8 0.005 0.031 19.5

8 OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.045 1.046 0.032 469.1 0.008 0.037 19.19 OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 

E15 

0.037 0.995 0.025 461.8 0.006 0.030 18.3

10 OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k 11 

ORDC20 

OR-DC20B-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.053 0.890 0.020 462.1 0.007 0.047 19.4

12 OR-DC20B-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.056 0.930 0.030 457.8 0.007 0.049 19.613 OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T2 

E20 

0.053 1.090 0.041 455.5 0.011 0.041 18.1

14 OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T5 0.056 1.055 0.038 456.8 0.009 0.046 18.015 OR-DC20B-1-E20-F-0k-T6 0.054 1.082 0.037 451.1 0.009 0.044 18.2
 A- 11 TABLE 11. 2007 CHEVROLET COBALT EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi C-Bal 

Econo

THC CO NOX CO mi/g

2 CH4 NMHC 1 ORCC00 OR-CC00-1-E0-F-0k-T2 E0 0.047 0.613 0.032 327.4 0.005 0.041 27.1

2 OR-CC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.041 0.620 0.038 331.4 0.006 0.035 26.83 ORCC15 OR-CC15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 E0 0.051 0.543 0.021 323.4 0.005 0.045 27.54 OR-CC15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.042 0.525 0.032 321.7 0.005 0.037 27.65 OR-CC15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 E15 0.042 0.465 0.026 317.2 0.005 0.037 26.56 OR-CC15-1-E15-F-0k 7 

ORCC20 

OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 

E0 

0.044 0.432 0.028 314.3 0.005 0.039 28.3

8 OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k 9 OR-CC20-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.043 0.510 0.019 314.3 0.004 0.038 28.3

10 OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k 11 OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.040 0. E20 482 0.054 316.0 0.006 0.034 26.112 OR-CC20-1-E20-F-0k 
APPENDIX B 

WIDE-OPEN-THROTTLE (WOT) VEHICLE ACCELERATION TESTS 

WITH LAMBDA MEASUREMENTS 

2007 Honda Accord 

2006 Chevrolet Silverado 

2008 Nissan Altima 

2008 Ford Taurus 

2007 Dodge Caravan 

2006 Chevrolet Cobalt
B-1 

FIGURE B-1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON 

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS 

FIGURE B-2. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO WOT LAMBDA 

COMPARISON WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1

Lambda

Time (s)

ORHA20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 Fuel

Dyno Speed mph

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1

Lambda

Time (s)

ORCS20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 Fuel

Dyno Speed mph
B-2 

FIGURE B-3. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON 

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS

FIGURE B-4. 2008 FORD TAURUS WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON 

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1

Lambda

Time (s)

ORNA20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 Fuel

Dyno Speed mph

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1

Lambda

Time (s)

ORFT20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 Fuel

Dyno Speed mph
B-3 

FIGURE B-5. 2007 DODGE CARAVAN WOT LAMBDA COMPARISON 

WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS

FIGURE B-6. 2006 CHEVROLET COBALT WOT LAMBDA 

COMPARISON WITH E0 AND E20 FUEL BLENDS

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1

Lambda

Time (s)

ORDC20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 Fuel

Dyno Speed mph

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1

Lambda

Time (s)

ORCC20 / 0k Miles

Lambda E0 Fuel Lambda E20 Fuel Dyno Speed E0 Fuel Dyno Speed E20 Fuel

Dyno Speed mph
APPENDIX C 

ENGINE CYLINDER COMPRESSION AND LEAKDOWN TEST DATA 

2007 Honda Accord 

2006 Chevrolet Silverado 

2008 Nissan Altima 
C-1 

FIGURE C-1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD COMPRESSION 

FIGURE C-2. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO COMPRESSION 

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4

Compression (PSI)

ORHA0-Zero ORHA0-50K ORHA0-EOT

ORHA10B-Zero ORHA10B-50K ORHA10B-EOT

ORHA15-Zero ORHA15 - 50K ORHA15-EOT

ORHA20-Zero ORHA20-50K ORHA20-EOT

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Cylinder 5 Cylinder 6 Cylinder 7 Cylinder 8

Compression (PSI)

ORCS0 Zero-Mile ORCS0 50K ORCS0 EOt

ORCS10 Zero-Mile ORCS10 50K ORCS10 EOT

ORCS15 Zero-Mile ORCS15 50K ORCS15 EOT

ORCS20 Zero-Mile ORCS20 50K ORCS20 EOT
C-2 

FIGURE C-3. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA COMPRESSION 

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240

250

Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4

Compression (PSI)

ORNA0 Zero-Mile ORNA0 50K

ORNA10 Zero-Mile ORNA10 50K

ORNA15 Zero-Mile ORNA15 50K

ORNA20 Zero-Mile ORNA20 50K
APPENDIX D 

OIL CONSUMPTION HISTORY GRAPHS 

2007 Honda Accord 

2006 Chevrolet Silverado 

2008 Nissan Altima 

2008 Ford Taurus
D-1 

FIGURE D-1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD OIL CONSUMPTION 

FIGURE D-2. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO OIL CONSUMPTION 

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

Test Miles

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20 ORHA10B

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

Test Miles

ORCS0 ORCS10 ORCS15 ORCS20
D-2 

FIGURE D-3. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA OIL CONSUMPTION 

FIGURE D-4. 2008 FORD TAURUS OIL CONSUMPTION 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

Test Miles

ORNA0 ORNA10 ORNA15 ORNA20

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

Test Miles

ORFT0 ORFT10 ORFT15 ORFT20