[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as State ex rel. Ohio Republican Party v. FitzGerald, Slip Opinion No. 2015-Ohio-5056.]

NOTICE This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an
advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to promptly notify the Reporter of De cisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65 South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before the opinion is published.

S LIP O PINION N O . 2015-O HIO -5056

T HE S TATE EX REL . O HIO R EPUBLICAN P ARTY v. F ITZ G ERALD , C TY . E XECUTIVE , ET AL . [Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as State ex rel. Ohio Repub lican Party v. FitzGerald, Slip Opinion No. 2015-Ohio-5056.]
Mandamus—Public records—R.C. 149.43— Security records—County executive key-card-swipe data—Change in circumstances undermined basis for withholding requested data—Writ granted. (No. 2014-1141—Submitted June 9, 2015— Decided December 9, 2015.)

I N M ANDAMUS

.

_____________________ Per Curiam. {¶ 1} The Ohio Republican Party (“ORP”) seeks a writ of mandamus compelling Cuyahoga County, its former county executive Edward FitzGerald, and Koula Celebrezze, the public-records manager for the Department of Public Works, to fulfill its public-records request seek ing records of key-card-swipe dataS UPREME C OURT OF O HIO

2 documenting when FitzGerald entered a nd exited county parking facilities and buildings. {¶ 2} At the time of the ORP’s request, the key-card-swipe data were “security records” exempted from re lease pursuant to R.C. 149.433, because, according to an affidavit by a detective in the Cuyahoga County Sheriff’s Office,
FitzGerald had received threats and release of that data would have diminished the county’s ability to protect him and maintain the security of the office of the county executive. Thus, upon review, the county had no obligation to release these records. {¶ 3} Subsequent to receipt of the pub lic-records request, circumstances changed: Cuyahoga County moved its administrative offices to a new building; it
demolished its former offices to build a hotel and convention center; and FitzGerald’s term of office expired, and he is no longer the county executive. In addition, the county released the records to members of the media in January of this year and thereby waived its argument that they are not subject to the public-recordslaw. Accordingly, there is no longer any basis to withhold the requested key-cardswipe data, and therefore we grant the writ and order release of the records. Facts and Procedural History {¶ 4} On May 22, 2014, Chris Schrimpf, the communications director for the ORP, e-mailed a public-records request to Celebrezze and Mary Segulin seeking “the county’s key card swipe data that shows when an employee enters or leaves a county building” for five individua ls, including FitzGerald. He sent the request to Emily Lundgard, the county’s director of communications, on June 2, and on June 9, he e-mailed he r again, clarifying that his requests were based on the Cuyahoga County Code, the Cuyahoga County Charter, and the Ohio Public Records Act and indicating that because th e request sought only information that the county had already denied to the Plain Dealer , further delay in granting or denying the request should be unnecessa ry. He sent a follow-up e-mail to Celebrezze on June 17, reite rating the prior request and also requesting the key-January Term, 2015

3 card-swipe data for a sixth person. Cele brezze acknowledged receiving the request the next day. {¶ 5} The ORP filed this mandamus action on July 9, 2014, alleging that the county had failed to respond to its public-r ecord requests, even though the same types of records “have readily been provided with respect to other employees or officials of the County of Cuyahoga.” Th e ORP asserts that the records at issue here are public records pursuant to the Public Records Act and the Cuyahoga County Code and that the county has neither fulfilled the record request nor denied it, nor has it provided a written explanation justifying denial of the request as is required by law. The ORP therefore seeks a writ of mandamus compelling respondents to produce the requested records. {¶ 6} On July 11, Majeed Makhlouf, the law director for Cuyahoga County, responded to Schrimpf’s request, explaining that he could not release the key-cardswipe data for FitzGerald because “the Sheriff’s Department [had] confirmed the existence of verifiable security threats barring the release of this information pursuant to R.C. 149.433.” He provided the key-card-swipe data for the five other
individuals but indicated that the count y did not have information on when employees left the building because employ ees are not required to swipe their key
cards to exit. {¶ 7} On July 21, Schrimpf requested key-card-swipe data going back to January 2011, and he e-mailed again on July 29 to ask when he would receive the key-card-swipe records he had requested but not yet received. {¶ 8} The next day, Makhlouf responded that the July 21 request was being processed “as expeditiously as possible” in light of the move to the new county administration building. On July 31, he e-mailed the key-card-swipe data requested but again excluded data relating to FitzGerald. {¶ 9} We granted an alternative writ on September 24, 140 Ohio St.3d 1435, 2014-Ohio-4160, 16 N.E.3d 681, and the partie s submitted briefs and evidence.S UPREME C OURT OF O HIO

4 {¶ 10} In support of its position that the key-card-swipe data is excepted from disclosure, the county presented the affidavit of David DeGrandis, a senior administrative officer with the Cuyahoga County Department of Information Technology, who averred that the county in stalled the key-card system “for the protection of [the county’s] facilities and those who use th em.” He explained that users have different levels of access to the building and that the key-card-swipe system is used to determine whether a user has security clearance to access a particular part of the building. He also stated that the key-card-swipe data can reveal “sensitive security information,” so that

if an individual with high-level security credentials, such as the County Executive, utilizes a non-public entryway to enter an area that is secured via the key-card system without the presence of security personnel, the security key-card data will not only reveal the time patterns of entry, but it will also reveal the existence of the non-public, secured entryway itself.

{¶ 11} The county also presented the affidav it of D. Paul Soprek, a detective with the Cuyahoga County sheriff’s depa rtment and director of the Principal Protection Unit, which is charged with prot ecting the county’s public officials. He claimed that the Principal Protection Unit “is investigating a number of verified threats * * * against Executive FitzGerald” and asserted that “it is critical to protect the manner and pattern of travel, ingress and egress, and timing. This is precisely the kind of information that the county’s secu rity key-card data reveals. Release of the security key-card data for the County Executive diminishes the effectiveness of the Principal Protection Unit and its ability to protect the County Executive.” {¶ 12} Nonetheless, on January 7, 2015, Lundgard, the county’s director of communications, released FitzGerald’s ke y-card-swipe data to the Cleveland PlainJanuary Term, 2015

5 Dealer . The ORP e-mailed Makhlouf asking whether the county would fulfill its public-records request, but Ma khlouf replied that the request had been properly denied when it was submitted and invited the ORP to submit a new request “based on the changed circumstances.” Analysis Motion for oral argument {¶ 13} The ORP has moved for oral argument , which is discretionary in an original action. S.Ct.Prac.R. 17.02(A). Because we are able to decide the issues in this case without oral argument, we deny that motion. State ex rel. Mahajan v. State Med. Bd. of Ohio , 127 Ohio St.3d 497, 2010-Ohio-5995, 940 N.E.2d 1280, ¶ 65.
Show-cause order and motion to strike {¶ 14} On March 25, 2015, we ordered the ORP to show cause why the case
should not be dismissed as moot based on media reports that the county had released the key-card-swipe data to the press. 142 Ohio St.3d 1407, 2015-Ohio1099, 27 N.E.3d 538. As we explained in State ex rel. Anderson v. Vermilion , 134 Ohio St.3d 120, 2012-Ohio-5320, 980 N.E.2d 975, ¶ 18, “providing the requested records to a relator generally renders moot a public-records mandamus claim.” {¶ 15} However, in response to the show- cause order, the ORP asserts that the county still has not provided it all of th e requested records. The county admits in its memorandum in response that it released “similar” records to the Plain
Dealer , but it contends that the records sought in this action are security and infrastructure records that the county is not required to release. And the county
indicates that if the ORP submitted a new request, the county would “place it through the appropriate channels.” {¶ 16} The ORP then moved to strike the county’s memorandum in response, arguing that it constitutes “s upplemental argument and briefing” in violation of Sup.Ct.Prac.R. 16.08. Howe ver, the county submitted additionalS UPREME C OURT OF O HIO

6 evidence to prove that it had exercised its discretion to provide FitzGerald’s keycard-swipe data to the press, information that is relevant to determining whether
this action is moot. In State ex rel. Cincinnati Enquire r, Div. of Gannett Satellite Information Network, Inc. v. Dupuis , 98 Ohio St.3d 126, 2002-Ohio-7041, 781 N.E.2d 163, ¶ 8, we noted that “[a]n event that causes a case to become moot may be proved by extrinsic evidence outside the record.” We therefore deny the motion
to strike. {¶ 17} And because the county has not rel eased the records to the ORP and continues to maintain that pursuant to R.C. 149.433, FitzGerald’s key-card-swipe data are not public records that must be re leased, we conclude that this case is not

moot. Motions to take judicial notice {¶ 18} The ORP filed two motions asking th e court to take judicial notice of information on the county’s governme ntal website—specifically, the county’s announcements that the county executive’s office had moved to a new building and that a new county executive had replaced F itzGerald. Pursuant to Evid.R. 201(B), courts may take judicial notice of facts not subject to reasonable dispute, and here, these motions are unopposed and the county posted the information on its own website. Thus, the motions to take judicial notice of this information are well taken and granted.

Merits {¶ 19} “Mandamus is the appropriate remedy to compel compliance with R.C. 149.43, Ohio’s Public Records Act.” State ex rel. Physicians Commt. for Responsible Medicine v. Ohio State Univ. Bd. of Trustees , 108 Ohio St.3d 288, 2006-Ohio-903, 843 N.E.2d 174, ¶ 6; R.C. 149.4 3(C)(1). Although we liberally construe the Public Records Act in favor of access to public records, “the relator must still establish entitlement to the requested extraordinary relief by clear andJanuary Term, 2015

7 convincing evidence.” State ex rel. McCaffrey v. Mahoning Cty. Prosecutor’s Office , 133 Ohio St.3d 139, 2012-Ohio-4246, 976 N.E.2d 877, ¶ 16. {¶ 20} But here, the county asserts that the requested records are exempt from disclosure pursuant to R.C. 149.433. As we explained in State ex rel. Cincinnati Enquirer v. Jones-Kelley , 118 Ohio St.3d 81, 2008-Ohio-1770, 886 N.E.2d 206,

[e]xceptions to disclosure under the Public Records Act, R.C. 149.43, are strictly construed against the public-records custodian, and the custodian has the burden to establish the applicability of an exception. * * * A custodian does not meet this burden if it has not proven that th e requested records fall squarely within the exception.

Id. at ¶ 10. {¶ 21} R.C. 149.433(B) provides that “[a] reco rd kept by a public office that is a security record or an infrastructure record is not a public record under section 149.43 of the Revised Code and is not subjec t to mandatory release or disclosure
under that section.” {¶ 22} R.C. 149.433(A)(3) 1 defines the term “security record”:

(3) “Security record” means any of the following: (a) Any record that contains information directly used for protecting or maintaining the secu rity of a public office against attack, interference, or sabotage;

1 This is the current version of R.C. 149.433. The statute was amended slightly in September 2014, Am.Sub.H.B. 487, but the change is not relevant to this opinion.S UPREME C OURT OF O HIO

8 (b) Any record assembled, prepared, or maintained by a public office or public body to prevent, mitigate, or respond to acts of terrorism, including any of the following: (i) Those portions of records c ontaining specific and unique vulnerability assessments or sp ecific and unique response plans either of which is intended to prevent or mitigate acts of terrorism, and communication codes or deploy ment plans of law enforcement or emergency response personnel; (ii) Specific intelligence information and specific investigative records shared by federal and international law enforcement agencies with stat e and local law enforcement and public safety agencies; (iii) National security reco rds classified under federal executive order and not subject to public disclosure under federal law that are shared by federal agencies, and other records related to national security briefings to assist state and local government with domestic preparedness for acts of terrorism. (c) An emergency management plan adopted pursuant to
section 3313.536 of the Revised Code.

{¶ 23} We construed R.C. 149.433(A)(3) in State ex rel. Plunderbund Media, L.L.C., v. Born, 141 Ohio St.3d 422, 2014-Ohio-3679, 25 N.E.3d 988, explaining that “security records” include those that are directly used for protecting and maintaining the security of a public office as well as the public officials and employees of that office. Id. at ¶ 20. There, the Director of Public Safety had presented evidence that disclosure of records documenting threats against the governor “ ‘would expose security limitations and vulnerabilities,’ ” id . at ¶ 24 (quoting the affidavit of John Born), c ould “ ‘reveal patterns, techniques orJanuary Term, 2015

9 information’ related to security,” id . at ¶ 25 (quoting the affidavit of Highway Patrol Superintendent Paul Pride), and “ ‘could be used to commit terrorism, intimidation, or violence,’ ” id . at ¶ 26 (quoting the affidavit of Ohio Homeland Security Executive Director Richard Baron). Based on that evidence, we concluded that those records, which involve d direct threats against the governor, were security records not subject to release as public reco rds, because they were directly used to protect and maintain the secure func tioning of the governor’s office. Id. at ¶ 30. {¶ 24} Similarly, in this case, the county withheld release of the key-cardswipe data because there had been verified threats against FitzGerald, and according to Detective Soprek, it was “critic al” to protect information regarding FitzGerald’s “manner and pattern of travel, ingress and egress, and timing” that would be revealed by the key-card-swipe data. Soprek also averred that release of the key-card-swipe data would “diminish[ ] the effectiveness of the Principal Protection Unit and its ability to protect the County Executive.” Thus, pursuant to
Plunderbund , the key-card-swipe data contai n information directly used for protecting or maintaining the security of a public office, and for that reason, they are “security records” within the meaning of R.C. 149.433(A)(3). See Plunderbund at ¶ 28. {¶ 25} We reject the county’s contention th at the key-card-swipe data are exempt from release as infrastructur e records. R.C. 149.433(A)(2) defines
“infrastructure record” to mean

any record that discloses the configuration of a public office’s or chartered nonpublic school's critical systems including, but not limited to, communication, comput er, electrical, mechanical, ventilation, water, and plumbing sy stems, security codes, or the infrastructure or structural configuration of the building in which a public office or chartered nonpublic school is located.S UPREME C OURT OF O HIO

10 “Infrastructure record” does not mean a simple floor plan that discloses only the spatial relationship of components of a public office or chartered nonpublic school or the building in which a public office or chartered nonpublic school is located.

{¶ 26} The key-swipe data sought by the ORP does not disclose the configuration of a public office’s criti cal systems. Rather, it shows when FitzGerald entered the building each day—facts unrelated to the building’s structural configuration. And although th e affidavit of David DeGrandis indicates that the key-swipe data could “reveal the existence of [a] nonpublic, secured entryway,” DeGrandis does not specify that the data would reveal the location of such an entryway—information the ORP did not seek in its request. In any case, the location of any secured entrances would be observable by the public and would appear on “a simple floor plan that di scloses only the spatial relationship of components of * * * the building in which a public office * * * is located,” and such a floor plan is expressly excluded from the definition of an infrastructure record. R.C. 149.433(A)(2). Thus, even if the key-card-swipe data reveals the location of nonpublic, secured entrances, it is not excepted from disclosure as an
infrastructure record. {¶ 27} At the time of the request, R.C. 149.433 exempted FitzGerald’s keycard-swipe data from disclosure because FitzGerald had received threats. The undisputed evidence now demonstrates that the data are neither security records nor infrastructure records. Cuyahoga County’s website reflects that as of July 2014, its administrative offices are now located in a new building. See http://www.cuyahogacounty.us/en-US/HQ-Background.aspx ; http://www.cuyahog acounty.us/en-US/New -County-Admin-HQ.aspx (accessed October 15, 2015). In addition, the old county administra tion building has been demolished See http://www.cuyahogacounty.us/en-US/InterimLocations.aspx (accessed OctoberJanuary Term, 2015

11 15, 2015). Lastly, Fitzgerald is no longer the county executive. http://executive.cuyahogacounty.us/en- US/Budish-Takes-Oath-of-Office.aspx (accessed October 15, 2015). {¶ 28} Thus, because FitzGerald is no longer the county executive, the keycard-swipe data are no longer security records, and because the old county administration building has been demolis hed, that data cannot disclose the configuration of its critical systems and are not infrastructure records. {¶ 29} Release of FitzGerald’s key-card-swipe data to the press also precludes the assertion that the data are excepted from disclosure pursuant to the public-records law. State ex rel. Cincinnati Enquirer , 98 Ohio St.3d 126, 2002- Ohio-7041, 781 N.E.2d 163, ¶ 22 (“Voluntarily disclosing the requested record can waive any right to claim an exemption to disclosure”); State ex rel. Gannett Satellite Information Network, Inc. v. Petro , 80 Ohio St.3d 261, 265, 685 N.E.2d 1223 (1997) (state auditor waived right to assert that records were exempt from disclosure partly because he made the re cords available to the public, represented to the relators that the records were public records, and orally described the records to a representative from the newspaper). {¶ 30} Accordingly, FitzGerald’s key-card-swipe data are public records, and the county has failed to demonstrate they are exempt from disclosure pursuant to R.C. 149.433. Thus, we grant the reque sted writ of mandamus and order the
release of the records. Writ granted.
O’C ONNOR , C.J., and O’D ONNELL , S ADLER , and S INGER , JJ., concur.

P FEIFER , L ANZINGER , and O’N EILL , JJ., dissent.

L ISA L. S ADLER , J., of the Tenth Appellate District, sitting for K ENNEDY , J.
A RLENE S INGER , J., of the Sixth Appellate District, sitting for F RENCH , J.

_____________________S UPREME C OURT OF O HIO

12 O’N EILL , J., dissenting. {¶ 31} Respectfully, I dissent. Today the court revives a denied publicrecords request. I do not disagree with the court’s determination that the records at issue are subject today to release as public records. Rather, I disagree with its
determination that the court should issue a writ of mandamus to compel respondents to release documents based on a request that was previously properly denied. {¶ 32} The majority opinion boils down the three-part standard for granting a writ of mandamus to the simple statement that “ ‘[m]andamus is the appropriate remedy to compel compliance with R.C. 149.43, Ohio’s Public Records Act.’ ” Majority opinion at ¶ 19, quoting State ex rel. Physicians Commt. for Responsible
Medicine v. Ohio Stat e Univ. Bd. of Trustees , 108 Ohio St.3d 288, 2006-Ohio-903, 843 N.E.2d 174, ¶ 6; R.C. 149.43(C)(1). As a common practice, this court has made this simple observation in public-records cases. E.g ., State ex rel. Beacon Journal Publishing Co. v. Bond , 98 Ohio St.3d 146, 2002-Ohio-7117, 781 N.E.2d 180, ¶ 49. But in the normal course of reviewing a mandamus action, we traditionally conduct a three-part inquiry when considering whether to grant the writ: the relator must establish (1) a clear legal right to the requested relief, (2) a clear legal duty on the part of the respondent, and (3) the lack of an adequate remedy in the ordinary course of the law. E.g. , State ex rel. Simpson v. State Teachers
Retirement Bd. , 143 Ohio St.3d 307, 2015-Ohio-149, 37 N.E.3d 1176, ¶ 17. We have held that the legislature, by enacting R.C. 149.43(C), made mandamus the only appropriate remedy for enforcing the public-records law. State ex rel.
Steckman v. Jackson , 70 Ohio St.3d 420, 426-427, 639 N.E.2d 83 (1994). Accordingly, we no longer reject petitions seeking an order compelling disclosure of public records on the basis that there is an adequate remedy in the ordinary course
of the law. Id. Until today, we have not done aw ay with the other two prongs of the mandamus standard in public-records cases.January Term, 2015

13 {¶ 33} Through changed circumstances subs equent to respondents’ denial of relator’s request, relator has inarguably become entitled to the records at issue. The building in question no longer exists; th e public official is no longer in office; and the security risk has gone away. In light of these new developments, what is respondents’ duty with regard to the re quest? I would say they have none. {¶ 34} When any person requests public records, a public office must promptly prepare any records for inspection that are responsive to the request. R.C. 149.43(B)(1). The public office must also make copies of the requested records
available at cost. Id. If some of the responsive record s contain information that is exempt from inspection, the public office must still provide all of the nonexempt public records. Id. The public office must notify the requester of any redactions,
and a redaction is treated as a de nial of the public-records request. Id. If all or part of a request is denied, the public office sh all provide an explanation for the denial with citations to legal authority. R.C. 149.43(B)(3). {¶ 35} It is plain that respondents complied with these clear legal duties on July 11 and 31, 2014. At that time, the county provided the key-card-swipe data that relator was entitled to and provided an explanation for the partial denial. The majority readily agrees that the records withheld from relator were not subject to disclosure at that time. Majority at ¶ 3. {¶ 36} Respondents did not fail to perform any act that they had a duty to perform. There is no provision in the Revi sed Code requiring public offices to keep
track of whether the circum stances that justified the denial of a public-records request subsequently change. Likewise, public offices are not required to act on their own initiative to revive denied requests, even if they may be compelled to grant new requests for the same records based on new circumstances. {¶ 37} Our power to issue writs of mandamus is an extraordinary one that we should use only “to prevent a failure of justice.” State ex rel. Murphy v. Graves
, 91 Ohio St. 36, 38, 109 N.E. 590 (1914); State ex rel. Ingerson v. Berry , 14 OhioS UPREME C OURT OF O HIO

14 St. 315, 323 (1863) (“Designed only as a remedy to prevent the failure of justice , [mandamus] must not be made the minister of injustice , and the law does not require the performance of things which are either impossible or useless” [emphasis sic]). Instead of showing reserve in the intere st of doing only what justice demands, the majority stretches the law in this matter to vindicate relator’s litigious conduct. {¶ 38} A proper public-records request was ma de. It was properly denied. Any action taken by anyone subsequent to that final denial is irrelevant, and the majority’s focus on those acts obfuscates the question before us. Does the subsequent demolition of the building in question, the departure from office of the official involved, or the Plain Dealer ’s receipt of the records requested change anything for our legal analysis? No. The request was properly denied at the time, and respondents do not have a duty to ex amine old requests to determine whether the conditions that permitted denial of the request have subsequently changed. {¶ 39} Therefore, I must dissent.

P FEIFER and L ANZINGER , JJ., concur in the foregoing opinion.

_____________________ Law Firm of Curt C. Hartman and Curt C. Hartman; Law Firm of Daniel P.
Carter and Daniel P. Ca rter; and Finney Law Firm, L.L.C., and Christopher P. Finney, for relator. Majeed G. Makhlouf, Cuyahoga C ounty Law Director, and Robin M. Wilson, Assistant Law Director, for respondents.

______________________