[Cite as A.L.R. v. R.L.R., 2020-Ohio-3241.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS 

ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

GEAUGA COUNTY, OHIO 

A.L.R., A MINOR, BY AND THROUGH : O P I N I O N 

HER FATHER NEXT FRIEND SCOTT F. 

RUTHERFORD, : 

 CASE NOS. 2019-G-0230

 Petitioner-Appellant, : 2019-G-0236 

 - vs - : 

R.L.R., : 

 Respondent-Appellee. : 

Appeals from the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2018 DV 0615. 

Judgment: Affirmed. 

Michelle S. Stine Makkos, P.O. Box 816, Uniontown, OH 44685 (For PetitionerAppellant). 

R.L.R., pro se, 533 North Carolina Avenue, Statesville, NC 28677 (RespondentAppellee). 

CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J. 

{¶1} Appellant, A.L.R., by and through her father, S.F.R., appeals from the 

judgment of the Geauga County Court of Common Pleas, which sua sponte sealed the 

record of a dismissed petition for domestic violence civil protection order (“CPO”). 

Appellant contends the trial court exceeded its authority by sealing the record without 

notice to the parties and therefore without protecting the original petitioner’s due 

process rights. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. 
 2

{¶2} On August 16, 2018, appellant filed an ex parte petition for domestic 

violence CPO. The matter was continued because appellee, R.L.R., an out-of-state 

resident, needed time to prepare for hearing. A hearing was set and took place on 

October 22, 2018 before the magistrate. Several days later, the ex parte order was 

vacated, and the magistrate denied appellant’s petition. Appellant filed objections, 

which were ultimately overruled, and the trial court adopted the magistrate’s decision. 

No appeal was taken from this judgment. 

{¶3} On October 3, 2019, the trial court entered judgment, sua sponte, sealing 

the record from the underlying proceedings. Appellant filed a notice of appeal of this 

judgment, assigning the following three errors: 

{¶4} “[1.] The trial court erred in entering a sua sponte order which sealed the 

record in a dissolved adult civil protection order, as sua sponte decisions are likely the 

product of intuitive selection rather than the more disciplined and balanced process of 

party presentation. 

{¶5} “[2.] The trial court erred in that its sua sponte sealing of the record is 

violated of due process clause of the Ohio and U.S. Constitution (Clause XIV, Section 1, 

US; Article 1, section 16 Ohio), as the order denied the opportunity for adversarial 

testing. 

{¶6} “[3.] The trial court erred in that there is no evidence in the record or 

subsequent factual findings by the court indicating that appellee qualifies for such an 

extraordinary remedy as the sealing of the record, such that appellee’s right of privacy 

does not outweigh the government’s interest in maintaining the records.” 
 3

{¶7} Under the first assignment of error, appellant makes a policy argument 

that the trial court’s sua sponte order was improper because it was not the result of the 

adversarial process, which involves the parties’ presentation of their relative arguments 

towards the end of fully informing the court to obtain a reasoned and impartial decision. 

Under the second assignment of error, appellant contends she was denied due process 

of law when the court proceeded to seal the record without notifying her and receiving 

an opportunity to be heard. Finally, under the third assignment of error, appellant 

claims that, even if the trial court acted within its authority, its judgment is not supported 

by the record, i.e., there are no unusual or exceptional circumstances that supersede 

the government’s strong interest in retaining the underlying record. 

{¶8} R.C. 3113.31(G) provides: 

{¶9} (1) Any proceeding under this section shall be conducted in 

accordance with the Rules of Civil Procedure, except that an order 

under this section may be obtained with or without bond. An order 

issued under this section, other than an ex parte order, that grants 

a protection order or approves a consent agreement, that refuses to 

grant a protection order or approve a consent agreement that 

modifies or terminates a protection order or consent agreement, or 

that refuses to modify or terminate a protection order or consent 

agreement, is a final, appealable order. The remedies and 

procedures provided in this section are in addition to, and not in lieu 

of, any other available civil or criminal remedies.

{¶10} (2) If as provided in division (G)(1) of this section an order issued 

under this section, other than an ex parte order, refuses to grant a 

protection order, the court, on its own motion, shall order that the ex 

parte order issued under this section and all of the records 

pertaining to that ex parte order be sealed after either of the

following occurs:

{¶11} (a) No party has exercised the right to appeal pursuant to Rule 4 of 

the Rules of Appellate Procedure. 

{¶12} (b) All appellate rights have been exhausted.
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{¶13} Pursuant to Subsection (G)(2), a court is required to seal records 

pertaining to an ex parte CPO where the court refuses to grant the protection order after 

one of two conditions occurs; in the instant matter, appellants did not timely appeal the 

denial of the CPO and, consequently, any appellate rights have long since extinguished. 

The trial court, therefore, was statutorily required to sua sponte seal the records. The 

statute obviates the adversarial process in cases such as this and, by implication, 

appellants were not entitled to due process. Appellants do not challenge the 

constitutionality of the statute; rather, they challenge the constitutionality of the trial 

court’s actions. Because the trial court’s actions were statutorily sanctioned, we discern 

no error.

{¶14} Furthermore, prior to the enactment of the foregoing legislation requiring a 

court to seal the records where a court refuses to grant a CPO, Schussheim v. 

Schussheim, 137 Ohio St.3d 133, 2013-Ohio-4529 governed the sealing of records for a 

domestic violence CPO. In that case, the Ohio Supreme Court held that “a court has 

the inherent authority to order the expungement and sealing of records that relate to a 

dissolved CPO in ‘unusual and exceptional circumstances,’” such that the applicants 

“‘good name and right to be free from unwarranted punishment’ outweighs the 

‘legitimate need of government to maintain records.’” Id. at ¶14, quoting Pepper Pike v. 

Doe, 66 Ohio St.2d 374, 377 (1981). By the procedure set forth in current R.C. 

3113.31(G), the legislature elected not to adopt the balancing test set forth in 

Schussheim. Now, a trial court must seal the records on its own motion if one of the 

conditions set forth under subsection (2)(a) or (b) applies. Appellant’s contention that 
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no unusual or exceptional circumstances supersede the government’s interest in 

maintaining the records public is therefore irrelevant and need not be analyzed.

{¶15} Appellant’s three assignments of error are without merit.

{¶16} For the reasons discussed in this opinion, the judgment of the Geauga 

County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.

TIMOTHY P. CANNON, P.J., 

MATT LYNCH, J., 

concur.