Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 1 of 16

MEMORANDUM DECISION

Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), 

this Memorandum Decision shall not be 

regarded as precedent or cited before any 

court except for the purpose of establishing 

the defense of res judicata, collateral 

estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT

Steven Knecht

Vonderheide & Knecht, P.C.

Lafayette, Indiana

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Gregory F. Zoeller

Attorney General of Indiana

Robert J. Henke

David E. Corey

Deputy Attorneys General

Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE

COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of the Termination 

of the Parent-Child Relationship 

of M.J.P. & M.L.P. (Children) 

and S.M. (Mother);

S.M. (Mother),

Appellant-Respondent,

v.

The Indiana Department of 

Child Services,

Appellee-Petitioner.

December 16, 2016

Court of Appeals Case No.

79A05-1605-JT-959

Appeal from the Tippecanoe 

Superior Court

The Honorable Thomas K. 

Milligan, Senior Judge

Trial Court Cause No.

79D03-1510-JT-82

79D03-1510-JT-83
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 2 of 16

May, Judge.

[1] S.M. (“Mother”) appeals the involuntary termination of her parental rights to 

her two children, M.J.P. and M.L.P. (collectively, “Children”). Mother raises 

three issues, two of which are dispositive: 

(1) whether the court’s findings of fact support the court’s conclusion 

of law that there was a reasonable probability the conditions 

resulting in Children’s removal or reasons for placement outside 

Mother’s home would not be remedied; and

(2) whether the court’s findings of fact support the court’s conclusion 

of law that termination was in Children’s best interest. 

We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

[2] M.J.P. was born to Mother and J.P. (“Father”) on March 20, 2004, and M.L.P

was born to Mother and Father on November 23, 2005. Father has been in and 

out of prison for various drug convictions, and has had only a small role in 

Children’s lives.1

 Mother and Father divorced in 2009, and Mother married

T.M. in 2010. T.M. never had parental rights to Children, but Children 

considered T.M. their father because he had a larger role in their lives than 

 

1 Father failed to appear for the majority of the CHINS and termination proceedings or to comply with any 

of the trial court’s orders resulting therefrom. He does not participate in this appeal. As such, we omit facts 

pertinent to Father in this opinion. 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 3 of 16

Father. In March 2014, Mother and T.M. separated. Mother then began 

dating B.S. (“Boyfriend”) and, in April 2014, moved in with him. 

[3] On June 9, 2014, DCS received a report that police found Mother and 

Boyfriend under the influence of heroin in their home with Children present. 

DCS took Children into protective custody on an emergency basis. On June 

11, 2014, DCS filed a petition alleging Children were Children in Need of 

Services (“CHINS”) based on Mother’s illegal drug use. The court granted 

temporary custody of Children to the State. Children were initially placed in 

their maternal great grandmother’s care, but were moved to the care of their 

maternal grandfather (“Maternal Grandfather”) and his girlfriend shortly 

thereafter. On July 30, 2014, the court held a fact finding hearing and 

adjudicated Children CHINS. At that time, Children remained in Maternal 

Grandfather’s care. 

[4] On August 27, 2014, the court held a dispositional hearing. Following the 

hearing, the court entered a disposition order for Children to be made wards of 

the State, remain in their current care placement with Maternal Grandfather, 

and participate in mental health assessments. The court also entered a parental 

participation decree that ordered Mother to participate in services including 

substance abuse treatment, home-based case management, drug screens, and 

supervised visitation with Children. 

[5] Throughout October and November 2014, Mother participated in intensive 

outpatient substance abuse programs (“IOP”) at Wabash Valley Alliance 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 4 of 16

(“Wabash”) and Home-Based/Goal Focused Services for Children and 

Families (“HGCF”). However, both Wabash and HGCF reported Mother 

often cancelled, missed sessions without notice or reason, and slept through 

group therapy sessions. Mother and Children were participating in supervised 

visitations at DCS offices during this time. 

[6] On November 19, 2014, DCS family case manager Andrea Allen (“FCM 

Allen”) made separate, unannounced visits to M.J.P. and M.L.P.’s respective 

schools. After meeting with them, FCM Allen reported both children became 

tearful and expressed concern about Mother’s drug use and her relationship 

with Boyfriend. FCM Allen also noted M.L.P. was behind in school, but 

M.J.P. was doing well in school. 

[7] On November 24, 2014, the court held a permanency review hearing. The 

court noted Mother did not have independent housing and was relying on 

family and friends. It found Children’s current placement with Maternal

Grandfather was still in Children’s best interest but that “there [was] still a 

probability of success” in attaining the objective of its dispositional decree, 

which was reunification. (Ex. Vol. 1 at 37.)2 The court ordered Mother to 

continue participating in services, remain drug and alcohol free, and undergo all 

 

2

The trial court clerk’s failure to number the pages of the Exhibit volumes greatly hindered our review of the 

record. We cite the page numbers as they appear consecutively in the PDF format of the Electronic Record. 

See Ind. Appellate Rule 29(A) (requiring the Exhibits be filed in accordance with Appendix A(2)(a), which 

provides: “Each volume of the Transcript shall be independently and consecutively numbered at the bottom. 

Each volume shall begin with numeral one on its front page.”). 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 5 of 16

random drug screens requested by DCS or service providers. Mother’s 

visitation with Children was suspended until Mother submitted urine screens

that did not indicate use of methamphetamine. 

[8] Mother was unsuccessfully discharged from both Wabash and HGCF at the 

beginning of December 2014 for failure to comply with the programs. On 

December 3, 2014, DCS requested a show cause hearing due to Mother’s 

noncompliance with therapy and her continued methamphetamine use. On 

January 14, 2015, the court held a hearing. The court noted Mother tested 

positive for methamphetamine and amphetamine on November 18, 2014. 

Mother admitted using illegal drugs, failing to participate in services, and being 

discharged from services. The court found Mother in contempt for failing to 

remain drug and alcohol free and failing to submit random drug screens as 

required by the parental participation decree. Mother reported to Tippecanoe 

County Jail. The court ordered the hearing to be continued on February 23, 

2015. 

[9] Sometime in late December 2014 or early January 2015, T.M. indicated he 

wanted to be the relative placement for Children. DCS visited Children at 

T.M.’s home in January 2015. Children appeared to be “comfortable and 

happy” and indicated that they would like to live with T.M. (Id. at 130.) 

Children were removed from Maternal Grandfather’s care in January 2015 and 

placed with T.M. However, later that month, T.M. was in a car accident and

arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol. M.J.P. was in the car with 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 6 of 16

T.M. at the time of the accident, and as a result, Children were removed from 

T.M.’s care and placed in a licensed foster home. 

[10] Following a motion by DCS, the court held the continued show cause hearing 

on February 2, 2015, instead of February 23, 2015. The court noted Mother 

was nineteen weeks pregnant with Boyfriend’s child and continued to use 

methamphetamine and other drugs, as evidenced by a drug screen on January 

20, 2015. The court further noted Mother was hospitalized due to a blood 

infection and subsequently left the hospital against medical advice. The court 

ordered Mother to remain in the Tippecanoe County Jail until she could be 

admitted to the Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit in Indianapolis.

[11] On February 6, 2015, the court, on its own motion, released Mother from the 

Tippecanoe County Jail on her own recognizance while she awaited a vacancy 

at the Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit. The court ordered the Tippecanoe 

County Sheriff to transport Mother to the North Central Indiana YWCA’s 

“Breaking Free” Dual Treatment program in South Bend, Indiana. Mother 

began the inpatient dual treatment substance abuse and domestic violence

program on February 9, 2015, and completed it on April 2, 2015. After being 

released from the program, Mother participated in outpatient substance abuse 

services and consistently provided clean drug screens. As a result of Mother’s 

progress, DCS resumed supervised visitation between Mother and Children in 

April 2015. 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 7 of 16

[12] On June 6, 2015, Mother gave birth to Z.S. Because Mother had been making 

substantial progress in services and visitation, and was remaining drug and 

alcohol free, DCS did not remove Z.S. from Mother’s care. Furthermore, 

Mother agreed to a safety plan requiring her to keep Z.S. away from Boyfriend. 

DCS continued regular home-based case management and therapy services 

with Mother after Z.S. was born.

[13] On the evening of June 27, 2015, Mother was caring for Z.S. while cleaning out 

her recently deceased mother’s home. Mother arranged for a friend to babysit 

Z.S., and then Mother met an acquaintance at a gas station to purchase heroin.

Mother then returned to Boyfriend’s house where she overdosed.3

 Boyfriend 

drove Mother to the emergency room, and she was hospitalized. When Mother 

awoke in the hospital, she learned Z.S. had been left in Boyfriend’s care in 

violation of the court-ordered safety plan. The next day, while Mother was still 

in the hospital, Z.S. died in Boyfriend’s care because Boyfriend was under the 

influence of heroin and fell asleep next to Z.S., causing the infant to suffocate. 

[14] Immediately following Z.S.’s death, DCS moved for the court to suspend 

Mother’s visitation with Children due to Mother’s relapse and the subsequent 

death of Z.S. On June 29, 2015, the court held a hearing on DCS’s motion and 

suspended visitation. DCS attempted to coordinate services for Mother to help 

 

3 The record contains multiple, conflicting accounts of the night Mother relapsed. The facts here reflect 

Mother’s February 4, 2016, testimony of the incident. 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 8 of 16

her process the death of Z.S. Mother initially participated, but completely 

stopped attending any services in July 2015. 

[15] Mother moved to reinstate her visitation with Children on July 27, 2015. On 

August 19, 2015 the court held a visitation and permanency review hearing. 

Paul Stamm, Children’s therapist, testified at the hearing and recommended 

“visitations re-commence at a therapeutically supervised level in approximately 

one to two months.” (Ex. Vol. 1 at 81-82.) He stated Children were presently

“very angry and depressed over the death of their sibling, over Mother’s 

continued drug use[,] and [over] her ongoing relationship with [Boyfriend].” 

(Id.) Mr. Stamm noted Children blamed Mother for Z.S.’s death and were 

living “in fear of [Boyfriend.]” (Id.) The court noted Mother was living with 

Boyfriend at T.M.’s home, admitted using methamphetamine seven days before 

the hearing, refused to undergo a drug screening on July 8, 2015, and was not 

participating in any therapeutic services. The court ordered Mother could 

resume therapeutic visitation on October 1, 2015, pending three clean drug 

screens. The court set a permanency review hearing for October 21, 2015. 

[16] On October 21, 2015, DCS filed its Verified Petition for Termination of 

Parental Rights. The trial court held fact finding hearings on DCS’s petition on 

January 13, 2016, and February 4, 2016. On January 13, 2016, the court heard 

testimony from M.J.P., case workers, Mother, and Father. DCS case manager 

Sally Messmer testified that “the parents have had ample time to work towards 

that goal of reunification and [M.J.P.] and [M.L.P.] need permanency, they 

need a final decision and [to] start working towards their forever home.” (Tr. 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 9 of 16

Vol. 2 at 279.) Additionally, M.J.P. testified “that [she] [did not] want to go 

back with [her] mother.” (Tr. Vol. 1 at 82.) On February 4, 2016, Mother 

testified she had been sober since Christmas of 2015, and had started her own 

housecleaning business, but was still living with Boyfriend. She admitted the 

last time she had undergone a drug screening was prior to Z.S.’s death in June 

2015 and the last time she went to therapy was July 2015. As of the date of the

final termination hearing, Children had not seen Mother since July 2015.

[17] On April 8, 2016, the court terminated the parental rights of Mother and 

Father. The court concluded there was a reasonable probability the conditions 

resulting in Children’s removal or reasons for continued placement outside the 

home would not be remedied, the continuation of a parent-child relationship 

posed a threat to the well-being of Children, termination was in Children’s best 

interests, and DCS had a satisfactory plan of adoption for the care and 

treatment of Children following termination of parental rights. 

Discussion and Decision

[18] “The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects the 

traditional right of parents to establish a home and raise their children.” In re 

G.Y., 904 N.E.2d 1257, 1259 (Ind. 2009), reh’g denied. To terminate a parent’s 

rights, the State must file a petition in accordance with Indiana Code § 31-35-2-

4 and then prove the allegations therein by clear and convincing evidence. Id.

at 1260-61. If the court finds the allegations in the petition are true, it must 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 10 of 16

terminate the parent-child relationship. Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8; In re N.G., 51 

N.E.3d 1167, 1170 (Ind. 2016).

[19] In relevant part, a petition to terminate the parent-child relationship must 

allege: 

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:

(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions that 

resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for placement 

outside the home of the parents will not be remedied.

(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation of 

the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-being 

of the child.

(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been 

adjudicated a child in need of services;

(C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of the 

child.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). Because our legislature wrote subsection (B) in the 

disjunctive, a trial court needs to find only one of the three requirements 

established by clear and convincing evidence before terminating parental rights. 

In re L.S., 717 N.E.2d 204, 209 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999), reh’g denied, trans. denied, 

cert. denied 534 U.S. 1161 (2002). The trial court must enter findings of fact to 

support each of its conclusions as to those allegations. Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(c). 

[20] We review termination of parental rights with great deference. In re K.S., D.S., 

& B.G., 750 N.E.2d 832, 836 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001). We will not reweigh 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 11 of 16

evidence or judge credibility of witnesses. In re D.D., 804 N.E.2d 258, 265 (Ind. 

Ct. App. 2004), trans. denied. Instead, we consider only the evidence and 

reasonable inferences most favorable to the judgment. Id. We apply a twotiered standard of review: we determine first whether the evidence clearly and 

convincingly supports the findings, and second whether the findings clearly and 

convincingly support the conclusions. In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d 636, 642 (Ind. 

2014). However, where a party challenges the judgment but does not challenge 

the findings of fact as unsupported by the evidence, we look only to the findings 

to determine whether they support the judgment. Smith v. Miller Builders, Inc., 

741 N.E.2d 731, 734 (Ind. Ct. App. 2000). We will set aside a judgment 

terminating a parent’s rights only if it is clearly erroneous. In re L.S., 717 

N.E.2d at 208. 

1. Reasonable Probability Conditions Not Remedied

[21] Mother asserts the trial court erred in concluding there was a reasonable 

probability the conditions that resulted in Children’s removal or remaining out 

of the home would not be remedied. We disagree with Mother. 

[22] The condition that resulted in Children’s removal from Mother’s home was

Mother’s heroin use with Boyfriend while Children were in their care. The trial 

court concluded “in spite of the services provided by DCS and in spite of efforts 

made to reunify the children,” there was a reasonable probability the conditions 

that resulted in removal of Children or reasons for continued placement outside 

the home would not be remedied. (App. Vol. II at 21.) In support of this 

conclusion, the trial court found:
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 12 of 16

DCS made efforts to address the issues that gave rise to

Children’s removal. Mother failed to follow the 

recommendations from her mental health assessment and 

substance abuse assessment. Mother has not completed IOP, has 

cooperated with taking drug screens from time to time, failed to

meet case management goals and has not attended therapy since 

July 2015.

(Id. at 17.) The trial court pointed out “the progress of this case really occurred 

between February of 2015 and July of 2015[,]” but at the time of the 

termination hearing, Mother had not attended therapy or seen Children since 

July 2015. (Id.) Furthermore, the court noted at the time of the termination 

hearing, Mother was still residing with Boyfriend, “who [was] known to be a 

chronic drug user and abuser[,]” (id.), and Mother “remain[ed] at risk for 

relapse and use because of her continued association with him.” (Id.)

[23] Mother does not challenge any of these findings, but argues, “[w]ith more time 

and work, Mother can remedy the conditions resulting in the removal of her 

children from her care.” (Appellant’s Br. at 22.) She also claims that, while she 

is still in a relationship with Boyfriend, “she would end that [relationship] if her 

children were to be in her care.” (Id. at 21.) While we acknowledge Mother’s 

good intentions, her intentions cannot serve as a basis for reversal. See In re 

B.J., 879 N.E.2d 7, 14 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (“[I]f the evidence and inferences 

support the trial court’s decision, we must affirm.”), trans. denied. 

[24] Additionally, as the trial court found, Mother “had a couple of efforts at 

completing IOP,” but failed to successfully complete any of the IOP programs, 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 13 of 16

and failed multiple drug tests throughout the case. (App. Vol. II at 17.) Based 

on the court’s unchallenged findings, we cannot say the court erred in 

concluding there was a reasonable probability the conditions would not be 

remedied as required under Indiana Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2)(B)(i).4

2. Best Interests of Children

[25] Mother asserts the court erred in concluding termination of the parent-child 

relationship was in the best interests of Children. We first note that deciding 

whether termination of parental rights is in the children’s best interests is one of 

the most difficult determinations because it “places the children’s interests in 

preserving the family into conflict with their need for permanency.” In re E.M., 

4 N.E.3d 636, 647 (Ind. 2014). The State must make reasonable efforts “to 

preserve and reunify families,” Ind. Code § 31-34-21-5.5(b), because it promotes 

“not just parents’ fundamental liberty interest in raising their own children . . . 

but also the children’s best interests.” In re E.M., 4 N.E.3d at 647. However, 

“children also have a paramount need for permanency,” which is a “central 

consideration in determining children’s best interests.” Id. at 647-648. 

[26] The trial court made a number of findings to support its conclusion that 

termination of the parent-child relationship was in Children’s best interests. 

 

4 Mother also argues DCS did not present sufficient evidence the continuation of the parent-child relationship 

posed a threat to the well-being of Children. However, as DCS presented sufficient evidence the conditions 

under which Children were removed would not be remedied, we need not address that argument. See In re 

L.S., 717 N.E.2d at 209 (because statute written in disjunctive, court needs to find only one requirement to 

terminate parental rights).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 14 of 16

The trial court noted Mother’s relapse in June 2015 and the events that

followed. Specifically, the trial court found “Mother used heroin and [as] a 

result of that use knew she could not care for [Z.S.] and handed him off to a 

friend[.]” (App. Vol. II at 18.) The court noted Z.S. ended up in the care of 

Boyfriend, which resulted in Z.S.’s death. The trial court also found: 

21. The children worked in therapy regarding issues and 

boundaries, the reason for DCS involvement, the death of a 

sibling, lack of parental involvement, instability and abuse due to 

parental substance use, and issues surrounding permanency. 

Those issues are more than any child should have to deal with. 

Each of those [is] a traumatic event and then to have them 

stacked one on top of the other is nearly impossible for a child to 

deal with. The children have worked with their therapist and 

have improved to the point to where [M.J.P.] wanted to be able 

to testify in Court, to have her say and confront her parents 

regarding her anxiety, anger, and fear. The children, as 

mentioned above, have suffered physical and emotional trauma 

that have resulted in fear of their Mother, Father, and 

[Boyfriend]. They are aware that [Boyfriend] has continued 

using drugs and believe that Mother is still using drugs. [M.J.P.], 

in particular, is keenly aware of her Mother’s continued poor 

choices. There has been no contact between Mother and the 

children since the end of July 2015. Mother continues to be 

dependent due to relapse and substance issues. Also Mother 

continues to make poor choices with men as evidenced by 

continuing to reside with [Boyfriend], who is ultimately 

responsible for their sibling’s death. There is also a history of 

domestic violence that neither parent has addressed during the 

course of this case. The result is that the children are obviously 

conflicted because they love their Mother but don’t feel they can 

trust her. 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 15 of 16

22. . . . The DCS testament [sic] is that if parents were to start

now and work diligent[ly] in pursuant [sic] of their services and 

do everything they were supposed to do, that it would be at least 

six (6) months to a year before they could be in a position to 

parent these children. The children do not want to return to their 

parents, are old enough and knowledgeable enough to know 

what happened, but they just don’t understand why. CASA 

reports that based on the history of abuse and neglect in this case, 

there is no reason for these children to wait to find a loving and 

caring family where they can have a life that does not mirror 

their Mother’s or their Father’s.

(Id. at 21.) 

[27] These findings support the court’s conclusion that termination was in 

Children’s best interests. While Mother claims on appeal that she would end 

her relationship with Boyfriend if Children were to be in her care, there is 

nothing in the record to support her claim. Nor is there anything to support

Mother’s overall argument that she has potential to be a good mother. In 

contrast, the record is replete with evidence showing Mother’s inability to 

complete the steps necessary for reunification with her children. “[C]hildren 

cannot wait indefinitely for parents to work toward preservation or 

reunification – and courts ‘need not wait until the child is irreversibly harmed 

such that the child’s physical, mental, and social development is permanently 

impaired before terminating the parent-child relationship.’” In re E.M., 4 

N.E.3d at 648. We cannot say the trial court erred in concluding that 

termination is in Children’s best interests. 
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 79A05-1605-JT-959 | December 16, 2016 Page 16 of 16

Conclusion

[28] The trial court’s unchallenged findings support its conclusions. Accordingly, 

we affirm its decision to terminate Mother’s parental rights. 

[29] Affirmed.

Kirsch, J., and Crone, J., concur.