NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DANIIL PETROV, 

Petitioner, 

 v. 

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney 

General, 

Respondent.

No. 20-73020 

Agency No. A206-670-537 

MEMORANDUM*

On Petition for Review of an Order of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted November 19, 2021**

Pasadena, California

Before: BERZON and RAWLINSON, Circuit Judges, and DORSEY,*** District 

Judge.

Daniil Petrov petitions this court for review of the Board of Immigration 

Appeals (“BIA”)’s decision denying his asylum claim. Petrov also raises a due 

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent 

except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision 

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

*** The Honorable Jennifer A. Dorsey, United States District Judge for 

the District of Nevada, sitting by designation.

FILED

NOV 29 2021

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
2 

process claim, alleging the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) deprived him of his 

constitutional rights under the Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause by failing to 

question him in an impartial way and refusing to allow his father to testify. We 

deny Petrov’s petition.

1. An applicant for asylum bears the burden of establishing his eligibility for 

relief. 8 C.F.R. § 208.13; Davila v. Barr, 968 F.3d 1136, 1141 (9th Cir. 2020). We 

must affirm the BIA’s decision unless the applicant “shows that the evidence 

compels the conclusion that the asylum decision was incorrect.” See Guo v. 

Sessions, 897 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Gu v. Gonzales, 454 F.3d 

1014, 1018 (9th Cir. 2006)) (internal quotation marks omitted). The evidence

“must demonstrate that [the applicant] has suffered past persecution or has a wellfounded fear of future persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, 

membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” Duran-Rodriguez v. 

Barr, 918 F.3d 1025, 1028 (9th Cir. 2019) (citing 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42)).

Petrov alleged that he suffered past persecution based on his membership in 

a particular social group and his political opinion. He testified to one incident of 

past persecution: two unknown armed persons in military uniforms grabbed him at 

a political protest in the main square of Gorlovka and forced him onto a bus, but

after “one minute or two, maybe less than a minute,” Petrov “got out of the bus 

really quickly and . . . ran.” 
3 

“Persecution . . .is an extreme concept that does not include every sort of 

treatment our society regards as offensive.” Nagoulko v. I.N.S., 333 F.3d 1012, 

1016 (9th Cir. 2003) (quoting Korablina v. I.N.S., 158 F.3d 1038, 1044 (9th Cir.

1998). Petrov’s detention was momentary; he was not threatened; he was not

physically harmed. The circumstances fall well short of those we have held 

constitute persecution. Compare, e.g., Bondarenko v. Holder, 733 F.3d 899, 908–

09 (9th Cir. 2013) (finding persecution where petitioner was detained three times

and severely beaten, forcing hospitalization for blunt-force trauma to his head),

with Sharma v. Garland, 9 F.4th 1052, 1063 (9th Cir. 2021) (finding no 

persecution where petitioner was arrested and detained once and suffered no 

injuries), and Gu, 454 F.3d at 1020 (finding no persecution where petitioner was 

detained and interrogated for two hours and required no medical treatment); see 

also Khourassany v. I.N.S., 208 F.3d 1096, 1100–01 (9th Cir. 2000). The BIA’s 

determination that this incident did not rise to the level of persecution is supported 

by substantial evidence.

Petrov also failed to show a well-founded fear of future persecution on 

account of a protected ground. He alleges fear based on his status as a “Russian 

speaker in Ukraine.” But as the BIA observed, Petrov submitted no evidence 

“establish[ing] (or even mention[ing]) that Russian speakers are persecuted in 

Ukraine.” Petrov additionally alleges fear based on membership in his family
4 

because his father refused to participate in a corruption scheme, and because 

Petrov fears his father’s political beliefs will be imputed to him. Petrov also 

testified that one of his brothers was twice falsely imprisoned so that the police 

could solicit bribes from their father for his release, but that brother has not been 

disturbed since, and another brother was never arrested or harmed. Assuming his 

family constituted a particular social group, Petrov’s “vague and conclusory 

allegations” as to why he fears persecution based on his connection to his family 

are insufficient. Mendez-Gutierrez v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 1168, 1172 (9th Cir. 

2006). 

2. Petrov was not denied due process during his removal proceedings. The 

IJ’s questioning and interruptions were consistent with the IJ’s duty to develop and 

clarify the record, particularly as to providing an opportunity to explain apparent 

contradictions, and Petrov had sufficient opportunity to testify and present his case. 

See Almaghzar v. Gonzales, 457 F.3d 915, 922 (9th Cir. 2006). As to the exclusion 

of Petrov’s father’s testimony, even if that exclusion was an abuse of the IJ’s 

discretion, Petrov has not explained what his father’s testimony would have been

or how it could have strengthened Petrov’s asylum claim, and so has not 

demonstrated prejudice. “[W]e will not simply presume prejudice.” Lata v. I.N.S., 

204 F.3d 1241, 1246 (9th Cir. 2000).

The Petition is DENIED.