[Cite as Citibank, NA v. Abrahamson, 2017-Ohio-5566.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

CITIBANK, NA : JUDGES: 

 : 

 : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. 

 Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. 

 : Hon. John W. Wise, J. 

-vs- : 

 : Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 

 : 

THOMAS ABRAHAMSON : 

 : 

 : 

 Defendant-Appellant : O P I N I O N 

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Tuscarawas County 

Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2016 

CV 01 0005 

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED 

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: June 28, 2017 

APPEARANCES: 

For Plaintiff-Appellee: For Defendant-Appellant: 

 

ERIC PETERSON THOMAS R. ABRAHAMSON, Pro Se 

KEVIN HARTMAN 1105 Evergreen Dr. NW 

1100 Superior Ave., 19th Floor Strasburg, OH 44680 

Cleveland, OH 44114 

 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 2 

Delaney, P.J. 

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Thomas Abrahamson appeals the October 11, 2016 

judgment entry of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas. 

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

{¶2} On January 5, 2016, Plaintiff-Appellee Citibank, NA filed a complaint on 

account in the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas. In the complaint, Citibank 

alleged it issued Defendant-Appellant Thomas Abrahamson a consumer credit account 

in June 1998 and he defaulted on the account, failing to pay the balance due. The 

complaint sought to recover $28,072.57 due on the credit card account. Attached to the 

complaint were 22 pages of account statements, including a post charge-off sheet 

showing a charge-off balance of $28,250.46 minus credits to show a balance of 

$28,072.57. 

{¶3} Abrahamson filed a pro se answer to the complaint. 

{¶4} Citibank filed a motion for summary judgment arguing there were no 

genuine issues of material fact that Abrahamson owed the amount reflected in the 

complaint. The trial court denied the motion and the matter was set for a bench trial. 

{¶5} The trial court held a bench trial on October 5, 2016. Abrahamson 

represented himself at trial. Citibank called as its only witness the custodian of Citibank’s 

business records. (T. 9). The custodian testified Abrahamson’s consumer credit account 

was opened in 1988. (T. 10). Citibank provided the custodian Exhibit B, which were copies 

of monthly billing statements sent to the Abrahamson from January 17, 2008 to the final 

billing statement of August 16, 2011. (T. 12). The balance reflected on the January 17, 

2008 billing statement was $22,765.44. (T. 13). The custodian testified Citibank did not 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 3 

possess any billing statements prior to 2008 because it has a seven-year retention policy. 

(T. 13). The last purchase on the account was on March 16, 2011. (T. 14). The custodian 

testified the final billing statement in Exhibit B reflected a balance of $28,250.46. (T. 15). 

{¶6} Abrahamson cross-examined the custodian as to his employment duties 

with Citibank. (T. 15-17). The custodian testified he did not enter the data into the 

accounts, nor did he supervise the entry of data. (T. 16-17). Abrahamson then addressed 

the trial court and stated that based on the custodian’s responses, Abrahamson would 

characterize the custodian’s testimony as hearsay regarding Abrahamson’s consumer 

credit account. (T. 17). Citibank objected and the trial court considered Abrahamson’s 

statement as a motion to strike the custodian’s testimony. (T. 18). The trial court overruled 

Abrahamson’s objection and found the custodian was a fact witness. (T. 18). 

{¶7} Abrahamson did not testify or offer any evidence on his behalf. (T. 18). At 

the close of the trial, Abrahamson objected to the submission of Exhibit B as evidence. 

He argued Exhibit B was different from the exhibits attached to the original complaint, 

specifically as to number of pages and the dates of the billing statements. (T. 19). 

Abrahamson stated if Citibank wanted to make changes to the original complaint, there 

were rules for that. (T. 19). Citibank agreed Exhibit B was different from the exhibits 

attached to the complaint because the exhibits attached to the complaint were for 

pleading purposes, not to prove its claims. (T. 20). The trial court overruled Abrahamson’s 

objection and entered Exhibit B into evidence. (T. 20). 

{¶8} On October 11, 2016, the trial court issued a judgment entry granting 

judgment in favor of Citibank in the amount of $27,072.57, with interest at the statutory 

rate from the date of judgment, and costs. 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 4 

{¶9} It is from this judgment Abrahamson now appeals. 

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR 

{¶10} Abrahamson raises three Assignments of Error: 

{¶11} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ALLOWING THE PLAINTIFF TO 

AMEND ITS PLEADING. 

{¶12} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING THE OBJECTION TO 

ALLOW EVIDENCE TO A CHANGED PLEADING. 

{¶13} “III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING JUDGMENT FOR 

PLAINTIFF WITH INVALIDATED EVIDENCE.” 

ANALYSIS 

I. and II. Admission of Exhibit B 

{¶14} Citibank attached approximately 22 pages of Abrahamson’s billing 

statements as exhibits to its complaint on account. At trial, Citibank offered Exhibit B as 

evidence, which was 127 pages of Abrahamson’s billing statements from 2008 to 2011. 

When Citibank moved to admit Exhibit B into evidence, Abrahamson objected that Exhibit 

B was different from the exhibits attached to the complaint. The trial court overruled the 

objection. Abrahamson argues on appeal the trial court erred when it overruled his 

objection to the admission of Exhibit B as evidence. We disagree. 

{¶15} The admission or exclusion of relevant evidence rests within the sound 

discretion of the trial court. State v. Sage, 31 Ohio St.3d 173, 180, 510 N.E.2d 343, 348 

(1987). “The term ‘abuse of discretion’ connotes more than an error of law or judgment; 

it implies that the court's attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” 

Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140, 1142 (1983). 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 5 

{¶16} The thrust of Abrahamson’s objection to the admission of Exhibit B is that 

Exhibit B consists of different evidence than that provided in the complaint and is therefore 

prejudicial to Abrahamson. Abrahamson contends Citibank should have moved to amend 

its pleading pursuant to Civ.R. 15(A) or (B) to introduce the additional exhibits found in 

Exhibit B. Because Citibank did not move to amend its original complaint pursuant to 

Civ.R. 15 to introduce the additional exhibits, Abrahamson argues the trial court abused 

its discretion in admitting Exhibit B. 

{¶17} Civ.R. 15(A) outlines the procedure for amending a pleading after service 

and before trial: 

A party may amend its pleading once as a matter of course within twentyeight days after serving it or, if the pleading is one to which a responsive 

pleading is required within twenty-eight days after service of a responsive 

pleading or twenty-eight days after service of a motion under Civ.R. 12(B), 

(E), or (F), whichever is earlier. In all other cases, a party may amend its 

pleading only with the opposing party's written consent or the court's leave. 

The court shall freely give leave when justice so requires. Unless the court 

orders otherwise, any required response to an amended pleading must be 

made within the time remaining to respond to the original pleading or within 

fourteen days after service of the amended pleading, whichever is later. 

{¶18} “Civ.R. 15(B) allows for the amendment of the pleadings to conform to 

evidence presented at trial and, therefore ‘treats issues that were not raised in the 

pleadings as if they were so raised, as long as they were tried with the express or implied 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 6 

consent of the parties and substantial prejudice will not arise from the result.’ “ Kavalec v. 

Ohio Express, Inc., 2016-Ohio-5925, 71 N.E.3d 660, ¶ 15 (8th Dist.) 

{¶19} The issue raised by Abrahamson as to the admission of Exhibit B does not 

involve Civ.R. 15. At issue is the difference between the evidence required from the 

plaintiff at the pleading stage and the evidence required from the plaintiff to demonstrate 

to the fact-finder it is entitled to judgment. 

{¶20} Ohio is a notice-pleading state; the plaintiff need not prove his or her case 

at the pleading stage. Thompson v. Buckeye Joint Vocational School Dist., 2016-Ohio2804, 55 N.E.3d 1, ¶ 31 (5th Dist.). The Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure require “notice” 

pleading rather than “fact” pleading. Swank v. Swank, 5th Dist. Ashland No. 07 CA 0061, 

2008-Ohio-3997, ¶ 25 citing Iacono v. Anderson Concrete Corp., 42 Ohio St.2d 88, 92, 

326 N.E.2d 267 (1975); Salamon v. Taft Broadcasting Co., 16 Ohio App.3d 336, 338, 475 

N.E.2d 1292 (1st Dist.1984). Pursuant to Civ.R. 8(A) and 8(E), “notice pleading” simply 

requires that a claim or defense concisely set forth only those operative facts sufficient to 

give “fair notice of the nature of the action.” Id. citing Devore v. Mutual of Omaha 

Insurance Co., 32 Ohio App.2d 36, 38, 288 N.E.2d 202 (7th Dist.1972). A pleader is 

ordinarily not required to allege in the complaint every fact he or she intends to prove. Id. 

The limited number of exhibits of Abrahamson’s billing statements attached to the 

complaint conformed to the requirements of Civ.R. 8. 

{¶21} At the trial stage of the proceedings, however, the burden was upon 

Citibank to establish a prima facie case for money owed on account. “To establish a prima 

facie case for money owed on an account, a plaintiff must demonstrate the existence of 

an account, including that the account is in the name of the party charged, and it must 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 7 

also establish (1) a beginning balance of zero, or a sum that can qualify as an account 

stated, or some other provable sum; (2) listed items, or an item, dated and identifiable by 

number or otherwise, representing charges, or debits, and credits; and (3) summarization 

by means of a running or developing balance, or an arrangement of beginning balance 

and items that permits the calculation of the amount claimed to be due.” Carasalina, L.L.C. 

v. Smith Phillips & Assocs., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-1027, 2014-Ohio-2423, ¶ 20 

quoting Great Seneca Fin. v. Felty, 170 Ohio App.3d 737, 2006–Ohio–6618, 869 N.E.2d 

30, ¶ 6. The documents contained in Exhibit B were used by Citibank to meet its 

evidentiary burden to demonstrate its prima facie case. 

{¶22} The admission of Exhibit B did not require Citibank to amend its complaint 

pursuant to Civ.R. 15. Accordingly, Abrahamson’s first Assignment of Error is overruled. 

{¶23} Abrahamson argues in his second Assignment of Error that the trial court 

erred in overruling his objection to allow evidence to a changed pleading. In his appellate 

brief, Abrahamson stated the argument and law for the second Assignment of Error is the 

same as in the first Assignment of Error. Based on our analysis of the first Assignment of 

Error, we overrule the second Assignment of Error. 

III. Exhibit 23 

{¶24} Abrahamson argues in his third Assignment of Error that the trial court erred 

in granting judgment in favor of Citibank because the trial court relied upon invalidated 

evidence. Abrahamson states Citibank attached Exhibit 23 to the complaint, which is a 

summary of the post charge-off/pre-suit payments/credits. The charge-off balance is 

$28,250.46. Credits applied since the charge-off date was $177.89. The suit amount was 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 8 

$28,072.57. Abrahamson contends Citibank did not use Exhibit 23 as evidence in the 

trial. 

{¶25} Based on our analysis of the first Assignment of Error, we find no error. In 

order to establish a prima facie case for money owed on account, Citibank was required 

to demonstrate at trial: “the existence of an account, including that the account is in the 

name of the party charged, and it must also establish (1) a beginning balance of zero, or 

a sum that can qualify as an account stated, or some other provable sum; (2) listed items, 

or an item, dated and identifiable by number or otherwise, representing charges, or debits, 

and credits; and (3) summarization by means of a running or developing balance, or an 

arrangement of beginning balance and items that permits the calculation of the amount 

claimed to be due.” Carasalina, L.L.C. v. Smith Phillips & Assocs., supra. A review of the 

record and the evidence presented shows that Citibank met its evidentiary burden. 

Abrahamson did not introduce contrary evidence at trial. 

{¶26} Abrahamson’s third Assignment of Error is overruled. 

 
Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 11 0055 9 

CONCLUSION 

{¶27} The judgment of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas is 

affirmed. 

By: Delaney, P.J., 

Hoffman, J. and 

Wise, John, J., concur.