# SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ®

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ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION ISO 9001 CERTIFIED FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 14001 Certified

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC 

# October 15, 2009

Brian H. West Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory NTRC Building

2360 Cherahala Boulevard Knoxville, TN 37932

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 12 for th e Period September 1, through September 30, 2009; for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge Na tional Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456, CRC Project E-87-2, SwRI Project 03.14530.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting ca talyst and oxygen sensor temperat ures. This project will also generate valuable data on vehi cle emissions and performance.

Vehicles selected for this st udy will include a wide range of manufacturers across several model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehi cles that have been identified as having leaner and hotter opera tion on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large

numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknow n open-loop fuel control at WOT may also be selected.

In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, a nd E20) and compare emissions and vehicle performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service accumulation and emissions testing are to be perf ormed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged a nd emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three adde d service accumulation levels: 0 miles (start of service accumula tion), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service accumulation level), and at the end of the vehi cle’s full-useful life (nominally 120,000 miles). Beginning in August 2009, selected ne w vehicle sets will be tested with E0, E15, and E20 fuels.

## Brian H. West Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 2 of 16



# 2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PERI OD SEPTEMBER 1-30, 2009

2.1 Honda Accords

Honda Accord vehicles ORHA0, ORHA15, an d ORHA20 underwent emissions testing in the previous reporting period (August 2009). These emissions tests were performed at vehicle “full-useful life” (nominally 120, 000 miles as measured on the odometer of the highest mileage vehicle). During this repo rting period, Honda Accord ORHA10B completed service accumulation on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers and emissions testing at 120,000 odometer miles. Vehicle FTP emissions test data with NMOG and carbon balance fuel economy data at 0 and 50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles for all the Accords are provided in Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

2.2 Chevrolet Silverados

The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set comp leted service accumulation on the mileage accumulation dynamometers to full-useful life. Vehicle FTP emissions testing began immediately following the completion of service accumulation. A photograph of one of the Silverados on the emissions test dynamometer is given in Figure 1. Silverado FTP emissions and fuel economy test data at 0 and 50,000 test m iles, and at full-useful life (120,000 odometer miles) are provided in Tables 4, 5, and 6, respectively

.

FIGURE 1. CHEVROLET SILVER ADO ON EMISSIONS DYNAMOMETER

Silverado alcohols and aldehydes emissions data at 120,000 miles are still being processed and will available for the next progre ss report. Exhaust gas alcohol emissions are analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) an d aldehyde emissions are analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Inst rumentation for the analysis of exhaust gas alcohols and aldehydes is shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.Brian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 3 of 16TABLE 1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0 MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolFormaldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T8E00.031 0.192 0.014 339.4 0.003 0.0280.030 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.3 26.42 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T9 0.037 0.257 0.019 340.8 0.004 0.033 0.035 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.2 26.23ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-F-E0-0k-T1E00.036 0.274 0.018 338.7 0.003 0.0330.034 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 26.44 OR-HA10B-1-F-E0-0k-T4 0.036 0.270 0.021 334.4 0.004 0.031 0.033 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 26.75 OR-HA10B-1-F-E10-0k-T2E100.025 0.143 0.020 332.9 0.003 0.0220.024 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.4 25.96 OR-HA10B-1-F-E10-0k-T4 0.028 0.175 0.021 332.3 0.003 0.024 0.027 0.2 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.5 25.97ORHA15OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T2E00.025 0.172 0.014 332.8 0.002 0.0220.023 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 26.98 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T3 0.025 0.183 0.012 332.0 0.003 0.023 0.024 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 27.09 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T2E150.019 0.130 0.015 332.4 0.001 0.0170.021 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 25.510 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 0.016 0.109 0.014 332.2 0.001 0.014 0.017 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.5 25.511ORHA20OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T3E00.027 0.199 0.019 237.2 0.003 0.0250.026 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 27.312 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T4 0.024 0.173 0.014 328.1 0.004 0.020 0.021 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 27.313 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T5E200.023 0.140 0.023 327.3 0.004 0.0190.023 0.3 1.6 0.0 0.6 0.6 25.214 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T6 0.021 0.137 0.016 334.7 0.003 0.017 0.021 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.6 0.7 24.7Brian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 4 of 16TABLE 2. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolFormaldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.044 0.183 0.023 334.3 0.004 0.0400.043 0.5 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.3 26.82 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.046 0.176 0.026 336.8 0.004 0.041 0.043 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.3 26.63ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.041 0.359 0.022 322.4 0.005 0.0360.038 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 27.74 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.026 0.217 0.016 323.9 0.004 0.022 0.023 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 27.65 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.026 0.191 0.019 318.2 0.004 0.0220.024 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.7 0.4 27.06 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.029 0.206 0.029 321.9 0.004 0.025 0.028 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.4 26.77ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.026 0.191 0.016 336.3 0.003 0.0220.024 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 26.68 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.185 0.021 339.8 0.003 0.029 0.031 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 26.39 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.037 0.173 0.022 324.7 0.003 0.0340.040 0.3 1.7 0.0 1.3 0.9 26.110 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.134 0.025 333.6 0.003 0.026 0.030 0.2 1.2 0.0 1.0 0.8 25.411ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.032 0.243 0.020 333.0 0.004 0.0280.029 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 26.912 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.186 0.023 334.1 0.004 0.023 0.025 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 26.813 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2E200.026 0.124 0.025 321.2 0.003 0.0220.026 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.8 0.8 25.714 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T3 0.026 0.154 0.023 328.5 0.004 0.022 0.026 0.2 1.3 0.0 0.8 0.8 25.1Brian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 5 of 16TABLE 3. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 120k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolFormaldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORHA00OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.038 0.242 0.019 325.3 0.004 0.0350.036 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 27.492 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T3 0.062 0.212 0.032 331.00.004 0.058 0.061 0.50.2 0.0 1.8 0.4 27.013ORHA10BOR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T4E00.039 0.292 0.027 335.2 0.006 0.0330.035 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.2 26.674 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.037 0.304 0.025 330.40.005 0.032 0.034 0.40.1 0.0 1.1 0.3 27.065 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T1E100.029 0.185 0.027 319.1 0.004 0.0240.028 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 26.966 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T2 0.028 0.178 0.026 322.3 0.005 0.023 0.025 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.7 0.5 26.697ORHA15OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.034 0.305 0.019 331.3 0.003 0.0310.034 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.2 26.918 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.012 0.184 0.013 332.80.001 0.010 0.012 0.70.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 26.899 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T1E150.020 0.152 0.026 324.7 0.003 0.016aa 1.1 0.0 0.7 0.6 26.1110 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.020 0.102 0.022 320.00.003 0.016 0.019 0.00.3 0.1 0.8 0.5 26.5011ORHA20OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T4E00.034 0.260 0.022 325.7 0.004 0.0300.031 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.2 27.4512 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.035 0.272 0.022 323.80.005 0.030 0.033 0.40.2 0.1 0.8 0.2 27.6113 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T1E200.014 0.104 0.014 328.1 0.003 0.0100.016 0.3 1.9 0.0 0.9 0.9 25.1714 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.027 0.176 0.024 328.70.004 0.022 0.028 0.91.6 0.0 0.8 0.9 25.11aMethanol outlier, affected NMOG calculationBrian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 6 of 16TABLE 4. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolFormaldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.057 0.640 0.028 569.8 0.011 0.0460.047 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.2 15.72 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.050 0.561 0.026 571.8 0.009 0.040 0.042 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 15.63ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.061 0.898 0.021 575.5 0.014 0.0460.049 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 15.54 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.055 0.723 0.024 577.6 0.013 0.041 0.045 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.2 15.45 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T3E100.051 0.703 0.025 566.0 0.012 0.0370.041 0.2 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 15.26 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.790 0.028 557.7 0.013 0.039 0.043 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 15.47ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.060 0.871 0.019 553.1 0.013 0.0470.050 0.2 0.5 0.0 2.1 0.3 16.18 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.060 0.819 0.022 554.8 0.013 0.047 0.049 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 16.19 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T3E150.054 0.792 0.026 552.8 0.012 0.0410.048 0.2 2.8 0.0 0.8 1.2 15.110 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 0.051 0.730 0.028 552.4 0.013 0.036 0.043 0.3 2.2 0.0 0.8 1.1 15.111ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.067 0.919 0.024 554.9 0.013 0.0530.057 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.3 16.112 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.066 0.905 0.022 558.7 0.008 0.060 0.062 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.2 16.013 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T3E200.055 0.854 0.023 551.6 0.012 0.0420.051 0.2 3.4 0.0 0.8 1.5 15.014 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.837 0.023 549.6 0.013 0.038 0.047 0.5 3.1 0.1 0.7 1.3 15.0Brian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 7 of 16TABLE 5. 2007 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolFormaldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.085 0.613 0.051 547.8 0.022 0.0620.066 1.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.2 16.32 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.071 0.737 0.042 542.7 0.015 0.054 0.058 1.0 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.2 16.43ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.043 0.673 0.025 537.6 0.013 0.0290.034 2.2 1.1 0.2 1.1 0.3 16.64 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.605 0.020 543.4 0.012 0.020 0.023 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.9 0.3 16.45 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.079 0.911 0.048 550.4 0.021 0.0560.064 1.2 2.7 0.1 1.1 0.9 15.66 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T3 0.070 0.736 0.044 549.6 0.021 0.047 0.058 1.5 4.5 0.0 1.0 0.8 15.67ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.045 0.653 0.020 526.8 0.014 0.0310.034 1.4 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.3 16.98 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.049 0.694 0.025 530.3 0.014 0.034 0.036 0.3 0.1 0.0 1.3 0.4 16.89 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.086 0.851 0.046 538.9 0.022 0.0620.077 0.7 6.3 0.0 1.6 1.8 15.510 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.060 0.742 0.035 540.2 0.017 0.041 0.050 0.5 3.4 0.0 1.1 1.3 15.511ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T3E00.040 0.507 0.022 532.2 0.015 0.0240.027 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.2 16.812 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.037 0.462 0.022 524.3 0.012 0.024 0.032 6.3 0.0 0.7 1.1 0.3 17.013 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T1E200.081 0.538 0.036 542.4 0.022 0.0560.073 2.8 6.9 0.1 1.0 1.5 15.214 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.079 0.547 0.037 541.7 0.022 0.055 0.068 0.5 5.5 0.0 1.1 1.3 15.2Brian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 8 of 16TABLE 6. 2007 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 120k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG1ORCS00OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T3E00.063 0.524 0.023 551.1 0.018 0.04416.202 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T4 0.068 0.563 0.040 551.2 0.018 0.05016.123ORCS10OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.067 0.721 0.043 551.6 0.016 0.05116.084 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.075 0.902 0.049 564.7 0.019 0.05615.715 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T2E100.076 0.752 0.040 564.5 0.020 0.05415.246 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T3 0.0770.796 0.045 560.4 0.020 0.05415.597ORCS15OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.093 1.092 0.035 558.5 0.024 0.06915.868 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.084 0.893 0.038 552.4 0.026 0.05816.079 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T1E150.072 0.755 0.033 543.4 0.021 0.04915.9110 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.0730.759 0.037 547.6 0.022 0.04915.7711ORCS20OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T1E00.092 0.861 0.045 549.8 0.025 0.06716.1312 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.090 0.811 0.054 563.2 0.024 0.06615.7613 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T1E200.060 0.641 0.039 543.7 0.017 0.04315.7514 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.0640.644 0.038 537.3 0.019 0.04515.95Alcohols and aldehydes data are currently being processed

## Brian H. West Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 9 of 16



# Alcohols are collected with impingers (bubblers) filled with ultra-pure water. An aliquot of this solution is injected into a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The alcohols are separated and quantified with

the GC-FID.



# FIGURE 2. GAS CHROMATO GRAPH FOR ALCOHOLS ANALYSIS

Aldehydes and ketones are collected with impingers filled with a dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) solution in acetonitrile. The aldehydes react quickly w ith the DNPH to form stable, optically active

derivatives which are subsequently separated and quantified with a high performance liquid chromatograph withultraviolet detector (HPLCUV).



# FIGURE 3. HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID

CHROMATOGRAPH FOR AL DEHYDES ANALYSIS

## Brian H. West Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 10 of 16



# 2.3 Nissan Altimas

The Nissan Altima vehicle set underwent emissions testing at 50,000 test miles during the previous reporting period (August 2009). Duri ng the current reporting period, additional emissions test data sets were processed. Emissi ons test data for the Altimas at 0 and 50,000 test miles are provided in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. The Altimas have resumed vehicle service

accumulation to full-useful life on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers. A photograph of the Nissan Altimas under test at th e mileage accumulation dynamometer facility is given in Figure 4.

FIGURE 4. NISSAN ALTIMA VEHI CLE SET ON THE SWRI MILEAGE

ACCUMULATION DYNAMOMETERS

2.4 Ford Tauruses

The Ford Taurus vehicle zero-mile alcohol s and aldehydes emissions data presented in the previous progress report have been processe d. Taurus emissions data, included calculated NMOG values, are given in Table 9. The Taur us vehicle set has begun service accumulation to 50,000 test miles on the mileage accumulation dynamometers.Brian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 11 of 16TABLE 7. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTSService Accumulation Level: 0k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolFormaldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORNA00OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T2E00.073 0.497 0.032 309.4 0.006 0.0670.068 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.3 28.822 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.068 0.425 0.029 311.90.006 0.061 0.062 0.20.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 28.603ORNA10OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.056 0.343 0.023 316.1 0.003 0.0530.054 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 28.234 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.058 0.404 0.025 314.10.006 0.052 0.053 0.20.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.405 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T1E100.059 0.393 0.023 313.3 0.000 0.0580.063 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.4 0.7 27.456 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T5 0.060 0.345 0.033 318.10.005 0.055 0.060 0.32.1 0.0 0.5 0.7 27.047ORNA15OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T1E00.059 0.392 0.025 317.2 0.006 0.0530.054 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 28.138 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.059 0.428 0.031 316.60.006 0.053 0.054 0.20.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 28.189 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T1E150.042 0.325 0.022 314.0 0.005 0.0370.042 0.3 2.3 0.0 0.3 0.9 26.6110 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.057 0.429 0.023 308.50.006 0.050 0.056 0.62.4 0.0 0.3 0.8 27.0711ORNA20OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3E00.061 0.382 0.022 319.4 0.005 0.0570.058 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.2 27.9312 OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.065 0.393 0.027 319.80.006 0.059 0.060 0.20.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 27.8913 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T1E200.045 0.307 0.022 308.1 0.000 0.0450.052 0.2 3.2 0.0 0.4 1.1 28.3314 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.055 0.322 0.029 306.90.005 0.050 0.059 0.24.5 0.0 0.4 1.3 28.44Brian H. WestOak Ridge National LaboratoryOctober 15, 2009Page 12 of 16TABLE 8. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTSService AccumulationLevel: 50k MilesTestRef.VehicleNo. Test No. FuelFTP Composite Emissions, g/miFTP Composite Emissions, mg/miC-Bal FuelEconomy,mi/galTHC CO NOXCO2CH4NMHCEPANMOG Methanol Ethanol2-PropanolFormaldehydeAcet-aldehyde1ORNA00OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.072 0.557 0.049 323.6 0.006 0.0660.068 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.2 27.52 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.068 0.589 0.052 320.6 0.007 0.060 0.062 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 27.83ORNA10OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T2E00.032 0.253 0.030 305.5 0.005 0.0270.029 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 29.24 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.042 0.203 0.035 305.6 0.005 0.038 0.039 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 29.25 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T1E100.061 0.482 0.040 316.4 0.007 0.053aa 2.1 0.1 0.6 0.7 27.26 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.0620.500 0.053 311.2 0.007 0.055aa 2.4 0.1 0.7 0.7 27.67ORNA15OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.060 0.557 0.041 316.4 0.006 0.0530.055 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.28 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.067 0.227 0.041 314.3 0.006 0.061 0.063 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.3 28.49 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1E150.071 0.214 0.052 316.6 0.007 0.0630.072 0.3 4.1 0.0 0.8 1.2 26.410 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.051 0.215 0.037 324.2 0.005 0.045 0.052 0.2 2.9 0.0 0.5 1.0 25.811ORNA20OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1E00.052 0.488 0.034 321.7 0.006 0.0460.047 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 27.712 OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.052 0.537 0.038 313.3 0.006 0.046 0.047 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.2 28.513 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T1E200.063 0.213 0.048 313.1 0.007 0.0550.065 0.3 4.3 0.0 0.7 1.3 26.414 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.241 0.051 320.1 0.007 0.054 0.063 0.2 4.0 0.0 0.6 1.4 25.8aSuspected methanol outliers. Data under review.

## Brian H. West Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 13 of 16



# TABLE 9. 2008 FORD TAU RUS EMISSIONS TESTS

Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles

Test

Ref. Vehicle

No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi C-Bal Fuel

Economy,

mi/gal THC CO NO X 

## CO 2 

## CH 4 

## NMHC EPA

NMOG

1 ORFT00 OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T1 E0 0.027 0.517 0.002 441.8 0.004 0.024 0.024 20.4

2 OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.030 0.591 0.003 437.2 0.004 0.026 0.029 20.6

3

ORFT10 OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T1 E0 0.013 0.236 0.004 431.7 0.002 0.011 20.9

4 OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.027 0.303 0.005 431.3 0.003 0.024 0.027 20.9

5 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T1 E10 0.023 0.271 0.005 448.7 0.003 0.019 0.024 19.2

6 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T2 0.026 0.285 0.003 438.7 0.003 0.023 0.034 19.6

7

ORFT15 OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T1 E0 0.024 0.337 0.003 434.1 0.003 0.022 0.024 20.8

8 OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.012 0.229 0.001 429.0 0.002 0.010 0.013 19.8

9 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T1 E15 0.017 0.303 0.001 422.6 0.003 0.013 20.1

10 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.019 0.297 0.002 425.6 0.003 0.015 19.9

11

ORFT20 OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T1 E0 0.028 0.509 0.003 439.5 0.004 0.024 0.024 20.5

12 OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.031 0.518 0.003 437.7 0.004 0.027 0.028 20.6

13 OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T1 E20 0.025 0.453 0.003 424.5 0.004 0.020 0.028 19.5

14 OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.310 0.002 426.8 0.003 0.017 0.024 19.4



# 2.5 Dodge Caravans

As reported in previous progress repor ts, Dodge Caravan ORDC20 exhibited higherthan-expected NOx and HC emissions. During this reporting period, a replacement Dodge Caravan was obtained at the request of the Oa k Ridge project manager. The replacement

Caravan is identified as vehicle ORDC20B, and it was sent to a loca l dealership to re-flash the

ECM to the latest calibration to match the cali bration of the other three Dodge Caravans. The new tires obtained for the original Caravan will be used on Caravan ORDC20B for vehicle service accumulation. Updated specifications for the complete Dodge Caravan vehicle set is given in Appendix A.

Vehicle emissions testing of Dodge Ca ravans ORDC0, ORDC10, and ORDC15 has continued this reporting period. Caravan emissions data for these three vehicles at zero test miles are given in Table 10. Emission tests for Dodge Caravan ORDC20B are scheduled to begin in October.

## Brian H. West Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 14 of 16



# TABLE 10. 2007 DODGE CA RAVAN EMISSIONS TESTS

Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles

Test

Ref. Vehicle

No. Test No. Fuel FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi C-Bal Fuel

Economy,

mi/gal THC CO NO X 

## CO 2 

## CH 4 

## NMHC EPA

NMOG

1 ORDC00 OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 E0 0.045 1.415 0.037 447.9 0.007 0.038 20.05

2 OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.057 1.796 0.066 450.9 0.009 0.048 19.89

3

ORDC10 OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T5 E0 0.056 1.241 0.026 456.2 0.009 0.047 19.70

4 OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k

5 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T6 E10 0.058 1.172 0.032 453.7 0.007 0.050 18.92

6 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k

7

ORDC15 OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T4 E0 0.036 0.856 0.025 460.8 0.005 0.031 19.53

8 OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k

9 OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 E15 0.037 0.995 0.025 461.8 0.006 0.030 18.33

10 OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T5

11

ORDC20B OR-DC20B-1-E0-0k E0

Tests to be performed following pr eparation of replacement vehicle 12 OR-DC20B-1-E0-0k

13 OR-DC20B-1-E20-0k E20 14 OR-DC20B-1-E20-0k



# 2.6 Chevrolet Cobalts

The Chevrolet Cobalt vehicle set underwent pr eparation and maintenance items includingnew tire installations, oil changes, and air filter replacements. Test preparations also included reflashing one of the Cobalt ECMs to the most recen t engine calibration. Th e Cobalt vehicle set is the first “three-vehicle” set for the project, and it will undergo se rvice accumulation and emissions testing on E0, E15, and E20 fuels, as directed by Oak Ridge and the project steering committee. There will not be any service accumulati on or emissions testing with E10 fuel with

this vehicle set.

The Cobalt vehicle set is scheduled to begi n exhaust system thermocouple and lambda sensor installations in October. Cobalt vehicle specifications in the “after set-up configuration” have been updated and ar e given in Appendix B.

2.7 Vehicle Procurement – Nissan Quests , Nissan Frontiers, and Dodge Calibers

During this reporting period, three sets of vehi cles were authorized for procurement for the project. Three (3) matched vehicles for each of the following three vehicle models will be procured:

• 2006 Nissan Quest minivan, 3.5 L V-6 engine , 5-speed automatic transmission, EPA engine family: 6NSXT03.5G7B

## Brian H. West Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 15 of 16



# • 2002 Nissan Frontier 2WD pickup truck, 2.4 L I-4 engine, 4-speed automatic transmission, EPA engine family: 2NSXT02.4C4A

• 2007 Dodge Caliber, 2.4 L I-4 engine, CVT automatic transmission, EPA engine family:

7CRXB02.4ME5

Southwest Research Institute will first begi n procurement efforts for the Nissan Quest minivans and then proceed with searching for the other vehicles.

2.7 Vehicle Oil Consumption

Oil consumption history for the Nissan Altima and Ford Taurus ve hicle sets has been recorded by weight. Graphs of oil consumption versus test m iles are provided in Appendix C.

There are no concerns with vehicl e oil consumption at this time.

2.8 Project Fuels

Fuels for emissions testing (fuels E0, E10, E15, a nd E20) have been blended in sufficient quantities for use with the current vehicles on site and the three groups of vehicles identified for future procurement. These emissions test fuels have been drummed and are being stored at 50°F.

As discussed in previous progr ess reports, there is a concern that E0 service accumulation gasoline will not be available much longer at th e terminal currently pr oviding E0 fuel for the program. The local fuel terminal expects to ha ve E0 available through December, and probably into January. SwRI has identif ied another fuel terminal dist ributing E0 gasoline, and this terminal is expected to have E0 available through March 2010. SwRI will purchase additional E0 fuel when Institute fuel storage tank cap acity can accommodate another tanker delivery of 7,500 gallons. The availability of commercial E0 gasoline will continue to be followed for the project.

2.9 Project Review Meeting

Oak Ridge and CRC have scheduled a project review meeting for November 5, 2009, and this meeting will be held at SwRI in San Ant onio, Texas. This review meeting will cover the technical progress of the vehicle se ts tested to date. Future progr am directions will be also be discussed. This meeting date follows the SAE International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants meeting being held in San Antonio November 2-4, 2009. This meeting date has been communicated by CRC to the project review committee members.

## Brian H. West Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 16 of 16



# 3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

Honda Accord ORHA10B and the Chevrolet S ilverado vehicle set will begin full-useful life (FUL) emissions testing in the next re porting period. Dodge Caravans ORDC10 and ORDC15 will be scheduled to complete th eir zero-test-mile emissions testing.

Replacement Dodge Caravan ORDC20B and the Chevrolet Cobalt vehicle set will undergo emissions test preparations, including ex haust system thermocouple and lambda sensor

installations. These vehicles will then be scheduled for WOT and emissions testing.

The Nissan Altima vehicle set will conti nue service accumulation to a nominal 120,000 odometer miles (on the highest mileage vehicle). The Ford Taurus vehicle set will continue service accumulation to 50,000 test miles.

Vehicle procurement will begin for the Nissan Quest, Nissan Frontier, and Dodge Caliber vehicle sets. Three (3) matched vehicles will be procured for each vehicle model.

SwRI will continue to monitor the current supplier of project E0 service accumulation fuel for the anticipated switch to the distributi on of E10 road fuel. When the switch occurs, SwRI plans to obtain E0 fuel for the project from another source. An out-of-state terminal is expected to have E0 gasolin e available th rough March 2010.

Southwest Research Institute will prepare for th e project review meeti ng that will be held in San Antonio on November 5, 2009. The meeting will be held at SwRI.

4.0 CONCLUSION

If you have any questions rega rding this progress report, pl ease contact Marty Heimrich at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org

.

Prepared by: Approved by:

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White Manager Director Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research and Development and Development



# /sat

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI Kevin Brunner, SwRI

This report shall not be reproduced, ex cept in full, without the written approv al of Southwest Research Institute ®



## . Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report.

# APPENDIX A

DODGE CARAVAN VEHICL E SPECIFICATIONS

(Including Replacement Caravan ORDC20B)

# A-1 

# Dodge Caravan Specifications – Check-in

Vehicle Check-in Information

ORDC0 ORDC10 ORDC15 ORDC20 ORDC20B Vehicle make Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge

Vehicle model Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan
Model year 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007

VIN 1D4GP24R67B186773 1D4GP24RX7B138127 1D4GP24R07B137987 1D4GP24R77B138117 1D4GP24R27B104022 Tire size (wheel size) P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15

Tire manufacturer Firestone & Goodyear Firestone & Primewell Firestone & Goodyear Firestone Firestone & Goodyear
Tire pressure specification 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi Steel or alloy wheels Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel
Odometer 46,467 44,721 40,024 45,080 50,797 Engine code (Engine family) 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO Engine evap code 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA
Engine displacement and configuration 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6

Climate control/ std air cond. STD STD STD STD STD Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) STD STD STD STD STD State insp. Expiration date May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 Dec-2009 License plate expiration date None None None None Oct-2009 Is there a license plate in front

and rear? No No No No Yes

License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A N/A DWR 561 Transmission Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd Axle – Open carrier or limited slip Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier

Calibration ID #1 05187657AC 05187657AC F14E203AYVB 05187657AC 05187657AC

Calibration Version #1 DE5F4165 DE5F4165 10A022B1 DE5F4165 DE5F4165

Calibration ID #2 N/A N/A G25F314B5WC N/A N/A

Calibration Version #2 6830013D 6830013D 13C244D3 6830013D 6830013D

Calibration ID #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration ID #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Record existing PCM codes PO700 PO700 None None None

Exhaust Aftertreatment - Number of catalytic converters 1 1 1 1 1
With vehicle at idle place red rag over the end of the tailpipe and

look for exhaust leaks None None None None None

# A-2 

# Dodge Caravan Specifications – After Setup

ORDC0 ORDC10 ORDC15 ORDC20 ORDC20B Vehicle make Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge

Vehicle model Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan
Model year 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007

VIN 1D4GP24R67B186773 1D4GP24RX7B138127 1D4GP24R07B137987 1D4GP24R77B138117 1D4GP24R27B104022 Tire size (wheel size) P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15

Tire manufacturer Firestone Firestone Firestone Firestone Firestone from ORDC20
Tire pressure specification 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi Steel or alloy wheels Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel
Odometer 46,467 44,721 40,024 45,080 50,797 Engine code (Engine family) 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO Engine evap code 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA
Engine displacement and configuration 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6

Climate control/ std air cond. STD STD STD STD STD Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) STD STD STD STD STD State insp. Expiration date May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 Dec-2009 License plate expiration date None None None None Oct-2009 Is there a license plate in front

and rear? No No No No Yes

License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A N/A DWR 561 Transmission Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd

Axle Ratio Axle – Open carrier or limited slip Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open carrier

Calibration ID #1 05187657AD 05187657AD 05187657AD 05187657AD Reflash at dealership Calibration Version #1 CVN01:878AC361 CVN01:878AC361 CVN01:878AC361 CVN01:878AC361 Reflash at dealership Calibration ID #2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Reflash at dealership Calibration Version #2 CVN01:49728AEF CVN01:49728AEF CVN01:49728AEF CVN01:49728AEF Reflash at dealership

Calibration ID #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration ID #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Record existing PCM codes PO700 PO700 None None None

Exhaust Aftertreatment - Number of catalytic converters 1 1 1 1 1 With vehicle at idle place red rag over the end of the tailpipe and

look for exhaust leaks None None None None None

# APPENDIX B

CHEVROLET COBALT VEHI CLE SPECIFICATIONS

(Updated from previo us Progress Report)

# B-1 VEHICLE CHECK-IN INFORMATION AFTER SETUP

ORCC0 ORCC15 ORCC20

Vehicle make Chevrolet Chevrolet Chevrolet

Vehicle model Cobalt LS Cobalt LS Cobalt LS Model year 2006 2006 2006

VIN 1G1AK55F367813690 1G1AK55F367666822 1G1AK55F3676388180
Tire size (wheel size) P195/60R15 P195/60R15 P195/60R15

Tire manufacturer Goodyear Eagle - Mileage Continental Touring -

Emissions Goodyear Eagle - Mileage Runway Enduro -

Emissions Goodyear Eagle - Mileage Continental Touring -

Emissions Tire pressure specification 30 psi 30 psi 30 psi Steel or alloy wheels Steel Steel Steel

Odometer 38862 47672 38454 Engine code (Engine family) 6GMXV02.4029 6GMXV02.4029 6GMXV02.4029 Engine evap code 6GMXR0105817 6GMXR0105817 6GMXR0105817
Engine displacement and configuration 2.2L/4 cyl 2.2L/4 cyl 2.2L/4 cyl

Climate control/ std air cond. Std Std Std Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) Std Std Std State insp. Expiration date May-10 10-Jan 10-Jul License plate expiration date None None None
Is there a license plate in front

and rear? No No No

License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A

Transmission Auto/4 speed Auto/4 speed Auto/4 speed

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd

Axle Ratio 3.63 3.63 3.63
Axle – Open carrier or limited slip Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier

Calibration ID #1 12612754 12612754 12612754

Calibration Version #1 000067A8 000067A8 000067A8

Calibration ID #2 12611404 12611404 12611404

Calibration Version #2 000067A8 000067A8 000067A8

Calibration ID #3

Calibration Version #3 CVN 3 00001293 CVN 3 00001293 CVN 3 00001293

Calibration ID #4

Calibration Version #4 CVN 4 00002357 CVN 4 00002357 CVN 4 00002357 Record existing PCM codes None None None
Clear codes with approval of project manager. N/A N/A N/A

Exhaust Aftertreatment - Number of catalytic converters 1 1 1
With vehicle at idle place red rag over the end of the tailpipe

and look for exhaust leaks None None None

# APPENDIX C

OIL CONSUMPTION HISTORY GRAPHS

Vehicle Sets

Nissan Altima

Ford Taurus

# C-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



## Test Miles 

# Nissan Altima Oil Consumption

ORNA0 ORNA10 ORNA15 ORNA20



## 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000Total Oil Consumption (lbs.)



## Test Miles 

# Ford Taurus Oil Consumption

ORFT0 ORFT10 ORFT15 ORFT20