1

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON D.C., 20460

Office of Chemical Safety & Pollution Prevention

MEMORANDUM Date: June 27, 2013

DP Barcode: 405826

PC Code: 035506

SUBJECT: Linuron: Ecological Risk Assessment to Support Proposed New Minor (IR-4) 

Uses on Coriander (Cilantro), Dill, Parsley, Dry Pea, Horseradish, Celeriac, and 

Rhubarb

TO: Kable Davis, Risk Manager

Mindy Ondish, Risk Manager Reviewer

Registration Division (7505P)

Office of Pesticide Programs

FROM: Christopher M. Koper, M.S., Chemist

He Zhong, Ph.D., Biologist 

Sujatha Sankula, Ph.D., Branch Chief

Ed Odenrkirchen, Ph.D., Senior Science Advisor

Environmental Risk Branch I

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Office of Pesticide Programs

A petition by IR-4 and Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc. was submitted to the Agency to establish linuron 

tolerances for coriander, dill, parsley, dry pea, horseradish, celeriac, and rhubarb. Parsley, dry

pea and horseradish were previously assessed in 2010 for the same rates requested herein by

Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc (TKI) (USEPA, 2010a; DPs 371471,371472, 371473). Because

horseradish is a surrogate for celeriac and rhubarb, and the rates for celeriac and rhubarb are the 

same as the previously assessed rate for horseradish, the only new analyses in this assessment are 

for corriander and dill (the highest rate of 2.0 lbs a.i./A). For reference, the maximum single 

application rates of 1.5 lb a.i./A for parsley and horseradish and 1.0 lb a.i./A for dry pea were 

previously assessed (USEPA, 2010a). 

The end use-product Lorox®50% DF herbicide (EPA Reg. No. 61842-23) is intended to control 

various broadleaf and grass weeds. According to the proposed label, Lorox 50% DF Herbicide 

can be applied as a single pre-emergence application or as up to two post-emergence applications 

not to exceed a maximum rate of 4.0 lbs Lorox®50% DF per acre per year East of the Rocky 

Mountains by ground spray or chemigation. Rainfall or irrigation is needed within two weeks of 

application to activate this herbicide. This memo presents the findings associated with the risk 

assessment conducted by EFED for coriander and dill use and identifies major linuron ecological 

risk issues and uncertainties resulting from outstanding data requirements.
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A. Executive Summary

This assessment identified the following risks from the proposed uses:

 There is no acute risk concern, but there is a concern for chronic risk to mammals 

including listed species.

 There is concern for acute and chronic risk to listed and non-listed birds. 

 Due to herbicidal mechanism of action of linuron and the reported terrestrial plant 

incidents associated with its use, the Agency presumes risk to listed and non-listed nontarget terrestrial plants in the absence of toxicity data. Risk to terrestrial plants extends to 

an undetermined distance owing to the absence of a demonstrable threshold for toxicity.

 There is concern for dietary risk to terrestrial listed invertebrates.

 There is concern for acute and chronic risk to listed and non-listed freshwater 

invertebrates.

 There is concern for chronic risk to listed and non-listed freshwater fish. 

 There is concern for acute risk to listed estuarine/marine fish. 

 Although there appears to be no chronic risk concerns for estuarine/marine fish, chronic 

risk quotients may be underestimated due to uncertainty surrounding the endpoint that 

was used to calculate risk quotients.

 There is concern for risk to listed and non-listed aquatic plants. 

Listed Taxon Potential For Risk from Direct Effects?1Indirect Effects

Terrestrial plants Yes2 Yes

Birds Yes (acute and chronic exposure) Yes

Mammals Yes (chronic exposure) Yes

Terrestrial invertebrates Yes (acute contact exposure) Yes

Freshwater invertebrates Yes (acute and chronic exposure) Yes

Estuarine/marine invertebrates No Yes

Freshwater fish Yes (chronic exposure) Yes

Aquatic vascular and non-vascular plants Yes Yes

B. Data Gaps

Data gaps, as previously identified in the 2010 EFED problem formulation for linuron 

(D375455) are also applicable to the present assessment:

 Freshwater fish early life-cycle study (OPPTS 850.1400) to assess chronic risk to 

freshwater fish. This study will allow the agency to determine chronic risk to freshwater 

fish from exposure to linuron. In the absence of these data, an endpoint for chronic 

toxicity to freshwater fish was estimated using diuron data and risk may have been 

overestimated as a result. 

 Estuarine/marine early life-stage fish study (OPPTS 850.1500) to assess chronic risk to 

estuarine fish since the previous supplemental study had too few replicates and may

potentially underestimate risk.
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 Estuarine invertebrate life cycle study (OPPTS 850.1350) to assess chronic risk to 

estuarine invertebrates. This study will allow the Agency to analyze chronic effects, 

including effects on reproductive success and growth of saltwater invertebrates from 

chronic exposure to linuron. In the absence of these data, an endpoint for chronic toxicity

to estuarine invertebrates was estimated using diuron data.

 Tier II vegetative vigor and seedling emergence studies (OPPTS 850.4150, 850.4100) to 

assess risk to non-target terrestrial plants. As an herbicide, linuron is expected to have 

effects on non-target terrestrial plants. This data will reduce uncertainties associated with 

the current risk assessment for plants.

C. Uncertainties

Linuron toxicity data suitable for risk assessment are unavailable for freshwater fish, freshwater 

invertebrates, and marine/estuarine invertebrates. An acute-to-chronic (ACR) ratio can be used 

to estimate acute or chronic toxicity to fish or aquatic invertebrates as data are unavailable. 

Linuron data were available to calculate an ACR-derived NOEAC of > 1200 μg/L for freshwater 

fish. However, the estimated value is not useful because it is greater than the non-definitive 

endpoint (NOAEC < 42 μg/L) obtained in the available study with rainbow trout. ECOSAR 

was checked for estimates of linuron toxicity; however, the estimates were judged to be 

unreliable based on comparison to available data. As an alternative, EFED’s ecotoxicity

database was searched for linuron analogs (phenylurea herbicides). Chronic fish data were 

available for 7 of the 28 identified analogs: chloroxuron, diuron, fluometuron, metobromuron, 

monuron, siduron, and thidiazuron. Linuron toxicity to freshwater fish was assumed to be equal 

to the most toxic of the 7 analogs (diuron, NOAEC = 26 μg/L). This value is slightly below the 

non-definitive NOAEC in the linuron study, thus, there is uncertainty about the conservatism of 

the assumption that linuron toxicity equals that of diuron.

A similar approach was taken for estimating chronic toxicity to invertebrates, except in this case 

there are no data available for linuron. The most toxic value among the analogs was assumed a 

reasonable conservative surrogate for linuron. Freshwater invertebrate data were available for 5 

analogs; diuron was the most toxic value (NOAEC = 57 μg/L). Marine/estuarine data were 

available for 5 analogs; diuron was the most toxic value (NOAEC = 270 μg/L). Although 

marine/estuarine invertebrate data were only available for one analog, it was for diuron which 

was also more toxic than the other analogs (with data) to freshwater fish and invertebrates.

Although this is the best approach based on available information, there is considerable 

uncertainty as to the conservatism of the approach. Therefore, chronic freshwater fish, 

freshwater invertebrate, and marine/estuarine invertebrate data were requested in linuron’s 

problem formulation as well as this assessment. 

Other major uncertainties in this assessment include:

 Characterizing risk of the herbicide linuron to non-target terrestrial plants using seedling 

emergence or vegetative vigor data from diuron.

 Assuming that linuron’s degradates are of equal toxicity and employing a total toxic 

residues approach.
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 The appropriateness of the selected surrogate scenarios in their ability to represent the 

actual use areas.

 Using a supplemental saltwater fish early life stage study to determine chronic toxicity of 

linuron to estuarine/marine fish. This study had fewer replicates than recommended and 

may have undestestimated actual linuron chronic toxicity.

D. Previous Risk Assessments

Linuron has a long regulatory history, and the Agency has conducted numerous ecological risk 

assessments on this chemical (USEPA, 1995, 2008, 2010a). It is important to note that parsley, 

dry pea and horseradish were previously assessed in 2010 for the same rates requested herein by

Tessenderlo Kerley, Inc (TKI) (USEPA, 2010a). In addition, since horseradish is a surrogate for 

celeriac and rhubarb, and the rates for celeriac and rhubarb are the same as the previously 

assessed rate for horseradish, the only new analyses in this assessment are for corriander and dill

(the highest rate of 2.0 lbs a.i./A). For reference, the maximum single application rates of 1.5 lb 

a.i./A for parsley and horseradish and 1.0 lb a.i./A for dry pea were previously assessed (USEPA, 

2010a).

E. Use Characterization

Lorox® 50% DF herbicide is a dispersible granule formulation of linuron to be mixed in water 

and applied as a spray for selective control of weeds in certain crops and for non-selective weed 

control on non-cropland areas. According to the proposed label, the herbicide can be applied 

annually as a single pre-emergence application or as up to two post-emergence applications by

ground spray, a fertilizer spray mixture, and chemigation to control certain broadleaf weeds and 

grasses. Aerial application of Lorox is probhibited as well as application to soils with sandy or 

loamy sand textures and to soils with less than 1% organic matter. In addition, rainfall or 

irrigation is needed within two weeks of application since moisture is needed to activate this 

herbicide. Table 1 is a use summary of the proposed label.

Table 1. Linuron Proposed Use Summary 

Crop Application Rate

(lb a.i./A)

Maximum 

Number of 

Applications

Application Interval

(days)

Maximum Annual 

Application Rate

(lb a.i./A)

Coriander

Dill (East of Rocky Mtns) 2.0 1 0 2.0

Coriander

Dill (West of Rocky Mtns) 0.75 2 14 1.5

Abbreviations: A=acre; ha=hectare; a.i.=active ingredient

F. Environmental Fate and Transport Summary

Chemical Background and Mode of Action

Linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) (Figure 1) is a systemic substituted 

urea herbicide, which acts on target plants by inhibiting the photosystem II reaction center by
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blocking electron transport, disrupting photosynthesis. It is taken up by the plant most readily

through the root zone (although foliar uptake can also occur) and transported throughout the 

plant through the xylem. According to the label, rainfall or irrigation is needed within two weeks 

of application since moisture is needed to activate linuron. 

Figure 1. Linuron Chemical Structure 

Environmental Fate and Transport Properties

Linuron is moderately persistent and slightly mobile according to Food and Agriculture 

Organization of the United Nation’s criteria1and essentially non-volatile based on the estimated 

Henry’s Law constant. Parent linuron is primarily adsorbed to soil organic matter with limited 

adsorption to the inorganic, mineral phase of soil. The compound may be transported to off-field 

soils from spray drift, surface waters (e.g., lakes and streams) from runoff and spray drift, and 

groundwater through leaching. Linuron tends to be more mobile in surface soils, coarse-textured 

soils or subsoils with low organic content. Decreased adsorption in low organic matter soil 

horizons may result in enhanced mobility and increased leaching potential of parent linuron. For 

surface soils with adequate organic matter levels, the combined processes of adsorption and 

microbial degradation limit the potential for linuron to migrate to ground water. 

Environmental fate data are incomplete for linuron and are not available for its degradates. 

Linuron dissipates predominantly through biotic processes such as microbial degradation. 

Abiotic degradation processes (i.e., hydrolysis, photolysis, and volatilization) do not appear to be 

significant routes of dissipation. Available aerobic soil metabolism data (MRID 41625401) 

show several minor degradates (< 10%) of linuron were formed including norlinuron (1.9% max 

in 28 days), desmethyl linuron (2.1% max in 365 days), desmethoxy linuron (3% max in 120 

days), and CO2 evolution (69% max in 365 days). The degradate 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), 

a common degradate of other chemicals such as propanil, was not reported in the aerobic soil

study, but it was reported as forming up to 8.4% (max) in a submitted soil photodegradation 

study (MRID 40171711). The physical, chemical, fate, and transport characteristics associated 

with linuron are summarized in Table 2. 

 

1

http://www.fao.org/docrep/W5897E/w5897e21.htm

This image cannot currently be displayed.
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Table 2: General Chemical and Environmental Fate Properties of Linuron

Chemical/Fate Parameter Value(s) Source (MRID)

Molecular weight (MW) (g/mol) 249.1 Product Chemistry

Vapor pressure (VP) (torr; at 24C) 1.5 × 10-5

Product Chemistry

Water solubility (mg/L; at 20C) 81 Product Chemistry

Henry’s Law Constant (atm-m

3

/mol; at 25C) 6.1 x 10-8 Calculated1

Hydrolysis half-lives (25C) (days)

pH 5

pH 7

PH 9

no evidence of degradation 40916201

Water photolysis half-life 49 days 40103601

Soil photolysis half-life Stable 40171711 (Supplemental)

Aerobic soil metabolism half-life (days) 71 days241625401 (Valid)3

Organic carbon normalized partition 

coefficients (KOC) (L/kgOC)

1200 (sandy loam)

2200 (sandy loam)

830 (silt loam)

550 (clay loam)

43995301 (Supplemental)

Octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) 1010 Product Chemistry

Fish bioconcentration

34× (muscle)

39× (carcass)

240× (viscera)

49× (whole fish)

00142933 

1 Calculated by: (VP*MW) ÷ (760*solubility).

2 Calculated using total toxic residue method.

3 This study was found to be valid under old review standards. 

G. Exposure Summary

Terrestrial Exposure Modeling

The EFED terrestrial exposure model T-REX (T-REX, Version 1.5.1) is used to estimate 

exposures and risks to avian and mammalian species. Input values for avian and mammalian 

toxicity as well as chemical application and foliar dissipation half-life data are required to run the 

model. The model provides estimates of exposure concentrations and risk quotients (RQs). 

Specifically, the model provides estimates of concentrations (maximum or upper bound, and 

average or mean) of chemical residues on the surface of different types of foliage and insects that 

may be dietary sources of exposure to avian, mammalian, reptilian, or terrestrial-phase 

amphibian receptors. The surface residue concentration (ppm) is estimated by multiplying the 

application rate (lb a.i./A) by a value specific to each food item. These EEC values (termed the 

Hoerger-Kenaga estimates) are presented in Table 3. T-REX was run for coriander and dill, 

using the input values provided in Appendix C with a maximum single application rate of 2.0 lb

a.i./A. Previously T-REX was run for (parsley, horseradish and dry pea) using a maximum 

single application rate of 1.5 lb a.i./A for parsley and horseradish and 1 lb a.i./A for dry pea (US 

EPA, 2010a).
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Table 3. Terrestrial Food-Item Residue Estimates for Mammals and Birds for Proposed 

Foliar Application of Linuron1

Size 

Class

(grams)

Dietary and Dose-Based EECs2

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf 

Plants

Fruits/Pods/

Seeds Arthropods Granivores

Mammals

Dose-Based EECs

15 457.64 209.75 257.42 28.60 179.24 6.36

35 316.29 144.97 177.91 19.77 123.88 4.39

1000 73.33 33.61 41.25 4.58 28.72 1.02

Dietary-Based EECs3

NA 480.00 220.00 270.00 30.00 188.00 --

Avian

Dose-Based EECs

20 546.67 250.56 307.50 34.17 214.11 7.59

100 311.74 142.88 175.35 19.48 122.10 4.33

1000 139.57 63.97 78.51 8.72 54.66 1.94

Dietary-Based EECs3

NA 480.00 220.00 270.00 30.00 188.00 --

1

application rate of 2.0 lb ai/A

2 Based on default foliar dissipation half-life of 35 days 

3

Size class not used for dietary EECs

TerrPlant 1.2.2 (10/29/09) is used as a Tier 1 model for screening level assessments. The model 

provides estimates of exposure to terrestrial plants from single pesticide applications; the model 

does not consider exposures to plants from multiple pesticide applications. TerrPlant derives 

pesticide EECs in runoff and in spray drift, and develops risk quotients for non-listed and listed 

species of monocots and dicots inhabiting dry and semi-aquatic areas. 

The estimated exposure concentrations of linuron for terrestrial plants are presented below in 

Table 4. The most protective ground application scenario was selected, based on information 

from the label (see Appendix D for sample output). It is important to note, the seedling 

emergence and vegetative vigor data from the diuron RED are used as a surrogate for linuron 

terrestrial plant data, due to the absence of acceptable linuron data. Diuron is structurally similar 

to linuron, only differing by one oxygen molecule. However, this analysis may underestimate or 

overestimate actual risk to terrestrial plants from linuron.

Table 4. Terrestrial Plant Exposure Concentration Estimates for Linuron

Description Equation

EEC (lb ai/A)

Ground

Corriander and Dill (East of the Rocky Mountains)

1 app at 2.0 lb ai/A

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.04

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 0.40

Spray drift A*D 0.02

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.06
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Description Equation

EEC (lb ai/A)

Ground

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.42

where: A = application rate, I = incorporation, R = runoff fraction, D = drift fraction

Surface WaterModeling

A total toxic residue method (USEPA, 2009a) is employed for calculating estimated

environmental concentrations (EECs) because of the structural similarities of parent linuron and 

three degradates (norlinuron, desmethyl linuron and desmethoxy linuron). Degradate 3,4-DCA, 

which was not reported in the submitted aerobic soil metabolism study, is not included in the 

total toxic residue EECs. The modeling software used for the calculation is a combination of the 

Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM v3.12.2) and the Exposure Analysis Modeling System 

(EXAMS v 2.98.04.06) in the PE5 shell (USEPA, 2005)

2

,. Table 2 shows a list of input 

parameters for the PRZM / EXAMS modeling of Tier II EECs (USEPA, 2009b). The surrogate 

PRZM scenarios, application intervals and calculated EECs from PRZM/EXAMs for surface 

water are listed in Table 6. The highest peak EEC is 66.93 μg/L for the California lettuce 

scenario. An example of data output from PE5 modeling is provided in Appendix A.

Table 5. Input Values used for Modeling Linuron Uses with PRZM/EXAMS3

Model Input Parameter Input Value and 

Unit

Source/Comments

Molecular Weight 249.1 Product Chemistry

Henry’s Law Constant (atm-m

3

/mole) 6.1 x 10-8 Calculated according to Input Parameter 

Guidance: (VP*MW) / (760*solubility) 

Vapor pressure (torr @ 24°C) 1.5 x 10-5Product Chemistry

Solubility (mg/L @ 20oC) 81 Product Chemistry

Koc (ml/g) 1195 MRID 43995301; average of 4 values per 

Input Parameter Guidance 

Type of Application CAM 1 Per input parameter guidance for broadcast, 

unicorporated application.

Incorporation Depth 0 Proposed label

Application Efficiency 0.99 (ground spray) Input parameter guidance

Spray Drift Fraction 0.064 (ground) Input parameter guidance

IPSCND 1 (surface applied) Input parameter guidance

Hydrolysis half-lives (25°C) (days)

 pH5, pH7, pH9

Stable MRID 40916201 

Aqueous Photolysis Half-life (days) 49 MRID 40916201

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days) 426 Calculated: 71 (aerobic soil metabolism) x3 

x2 per input parameter guidance. 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days) 0 In the absence of an acceptable study this 

metabolic half-life is considered to be stable

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days) 213 MRID 41625401; calculated using total 

toxic residue method. 71 x 3 per input 

guidance when only one valid study is 

available.

 

2

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm

3 Model input values for ‘Application rate’, ‘Number of applications’, and ‘Application date’ were presented in 

Table 4
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Table 6. PRZM/EXAMS Surface Water Total Toxic Residue EECs for Linuron Use on 

Coriander and Dill

Crop PRZM/EXAMS 

Scenarios1

Application 

Date

(Day-Month)4

Application 

Rate

(kg a.i./ha)2

Maximum 

Number of 

Application3

Peak 

(ppb)

21- Day

(ppb)

60-Day 

(ppb)

Coriander

Dill (East of Rocky 

Mtns)

FL Peppers 24-41.12 2 43.98 34.46 27.86

FLCarrot 9-10 1.12 2 46.95 33.71 24.15

PA Vegetable 15-5 1.12 2 33.02 29.57 27.64

Coriander

Dill (West of 

Rocky Mtns)

CARowCrop 10-12 0.84 2 40.32 38.94 37.67

CALettuce 9-2 0.84 2 66.93 64.62 62.33

ORmint 8-4 0.84 2 25.86 25.12 24.19

Abbreviations: A=acre; ha=hectare; a.i.=active ingredient. Bold text denotes maximum values.

1 There are no crop scenarios in PRZM/EXAMS for the crops listed in this table. Alternative surrogate scenarios 

based on similarities in plant structure and growth characteristics were used in the modeling.

2 Calculated by the equation: kg a.i./A = (lbs a.i./A) x (1 kg/2.205 lbs) x (2.47 A/hectare). 

3A 15-day application interval was used for two applications.

4Application date is estimated for the region one week before crop emergence date per proposed label.

Monitoring Data

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Database4and 

the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) Surface Water Database5 were 

searched for monitoring information on linuron. Direct surface water monitoring data for linuron 

are limited. USGS sampled a site on the San Joaquin River near Vernalis, California bi-weekly

for one year and found a linuron maximum concentration of 0.29 ppb. USGS also collected

5196 surface water samples from 40 agricultural streams (nation-wide). Linuron was detected in 

2.7% of the samples at a detection limit of 0.01 ppb. The maximum concentration observed was 

1.4 ppb. In an earlier study (Baker et al., 1987), researchers sampled eight tributaries of Lake 

Erie between April 1983 and August 1985. The time-weighted mean concentration ranged from 

below 0.001 ppb to 0.86 ppb with a mean concentration of 0.21 ppb. Linuron has been detected 

in groundwater in four states including Georgia, Missouri, Virginia, and Wisconsin at levels 

ranging up to 5.0 μg/l (Hoheisel et al, 1992).

H. Ecological Effects Summary

Effects to Terrestrial Organisms

The toxicity endpoints for terrestrial animals are found in Table 7 below. For additional effects 

on the studies, please refer to the PF (DP 375455)

 

4

http://infotrek.er.usgs.gov/traverse/f?p=NAWQA:HOME:1405517206944567 (accessed May 16, 2013)

5

http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/surfwtr/surfdata.htm (accessed May 16, 2013)
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Table 7. Applicable Linuron Measurement Endpoints and Toxicity Values for Use in Risk 

Quotient Calculations for Terrestrial Organisms

Assessment 

Endpoint 

Measures of 

Effect 

Species % a.i.

(Test 

Material)

Toxicity Value Reference and 

Classification

Abundance

(i.e., survival, 

reproduction, 

and growth) 

of individuals 

and 

populations 

of birds 

Avian (single 

dose) acute oral 

LD50

Northern bobwhite 

quail

Colinus 

virginianus

92.8

(TGAI) 940 mg/kg-bw MRID 00150170Acceptable

Avian subacute 

5-day dietary 

LC50

Northern bobwhite 

quail

Colinus

virginianus

97.6

(TGAI) 1700 ppm a.i. MRID 43987501Acceptable

Avian 

reproduction 

NOAEC

Northern bobwhite 

quail

Colinus

virginianus

98.4

(TGAI) 100 ppm a.i.1

MRIDs 42541801 

and 42541802

Acceptable

Abundance 

(i.e., survival, 

reproduction, 

and growth) 

of individuals 

and 

populations 

of mammals 

Mammalian acute 

oral (single dose) 

LD50

Rat 

Rattus norvegicus

96

(TGAI) 2600 mg/kg-bw

MRID 00027625

Acceptable

Mammalian 

reproductive 

NOAEC or 

NOAEL

Rat 96

(TGAI)

NOAEL = 5.8 mg/kg-bw2

LOAEL = 36 mg/kg-bw

MRIDs 41463401 

and 41864701

Acceptable

Survival of 

beneficial 

insect 

populations 

Honey bee acute 

contact LD50

Honey bee 

Apis mellifera

40.7-56.9

(Lorox

Formulated 

End 

Product)

120.85 ug a.i./bee MRID 00018842

Acceptable

Survival and 

growth of 

terrestrial 

plants 

Seedling 

emergence EC25

No data

Seedling 

emergence 

NOAEC

Vegetative vigor 

EC25

Vegetative vigor 

NOAEC

1Most sensitive endpoints were decreased body weight, egg production, hatchability and offspring survival.

2 Most sensitive endpoints were decreased pup weight and survivability. These are revised values based on response 

to comments document (USEPA, 2010b).

Effects to Aqautic Organisms

The toxicity endpoints for aquatic organisms are summarized in Table 8 below. There is a lack 

of acceptable chronic toxicity information for freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates and 

for freshwater fish. Without this information, diuron data was utilized as it was the most toxic 

compared a surrogate selelection of other phenylurea herbicides. See the uncertainty section on 

page 3 for details. 
11

Table 8. Applicable Linuron Measurement Endpoints and Toxicity Values for use in Risk 

Quotient Calculations for the Aquatic Organisms

Assessment 

Endpoint Measures of Effect Species

% a.i.

(Test 

material)

Toxicity

Value

(ppb a.i.)

Reference and

Classification

Survival and 

reproduction of 

individuals and 

populations of 

freshwater fish

Freshwater fish acute 96-

hr LC50

Rainbow trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss

96.2

(TGAI) 3,000 MRID 40445501Acceptable

Freshwater fish early lifestage NOAEC No Data NA 26.4 NA

Diuron data1

Survival and 

reproduction of 

individuals and 

populations of 

freshwater 

invertebrates

Freshwater invertebrate 

acute 48-hr EC50

Waterflea

Daphnia magna

94.4

(TGAI) 120 MRID 00142932Acceptable

Freshwater invertebrate 

reproductive NOAEC No Data NA 57 NADiuron data1

Survival and 

reproduction of 

individuals and 

populations of 

estuarine/marine fish

Estuarine/marine acute

96-h LC50

Sheepshead minnow

Cyprinodon variegatus

98.4

(TGAI) 890 MRID 42061801Acceptable

Estuarine/marine 

reproductive NOAEC

Sheepshead minnow 97.6-98.4

(TGAI) 3572 MRID 43996502Supplemental

Survival and 

reproduction of 

individuals and 

populations of 

estuarine/marine 

invertebrates

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrate acute

96-h LC50

Mysid shrimp

Americamysis bahia 

(formerly M. bahia)

98.4

(TGAI) 3,300 MRID 43996503Acceptable

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrate reproductive 

NOAEC

No Data 98.4

(TGAI) 270 NADiuron data1

Standing crop or 

biomass and growth 

of aquatic plants

Aquatic non-vascular plant

96-h IC50

Freshwater diatom

Navicula. pelliculosa

98.4

(TGAI) 13.7 MRID 43992302Acceptable

Aquatic non-vascular plant

96-h NOAEC (or EC05)

Freshwater diatom

Navicula pelliculosa

98.4

(TGAI) 5.79

MRID 43992302

Acceptable

Aqautic vascular plant IC50

Western waterweed

Elodea nuttalli

~ 45

(Afalon 

Formulated 

End 

Product)

2.5

ECOTOX 18629

Supplemental

Aqautic vascular plant

NOAEC

Western waterweed

Elodea nuttalli

~ 45

(Afalon 

Formulated 

End 

Product)

0.53

ECOTOX 18629

Supplemental

NA = not applicable

1

In the absence of acceptable data, diuron data was utilized. See page 3 (uncertainty) for justification.

2 Most sensitive endpoints were juvenile survival and growth. Only two replicates were used, so this value may 

underestimate the actual toxicity that would have been measured had four replicates been used.

3Most sensitive endpoint of decreased cell density.
12

Incident Reports

The Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) was used to identify ecological incidents 

associated with use of linuron. Incidents in this database consist only of those that have been 

investigated, linked to one or more pesticide active ingredients, and reported to the Office of 

Pesticide Programs. A review of the EIIS database for incidents involving linuron was 

completed on May 29, 2013. Incidents in this system are categorized by certainty, which 

indicates the Agency’s judgment on the certainty that linuron was the cause of the observed 

effects. Ecological incidents in the EIIS database associated with registered uses are summarized 

in Table 9 and described in greater detail in Appendix B. Accidental and intentional misuses 

are also summarized in Appendix B but these do not inform on potential effects from registered 

applications.

Table 9. Summary of Ecological Incidents Associated with Linuron Use, by Certainty

Incident 

Type Use Type

Certainty

All 

(excluding 

unlikely)

Unlikely Possible Probable Highly 

Probable

Aquatic Accidental Misuse 1 0 1 0 0

Plant Agricultural Site 

(accidental misuse) 2 0 0 2 0

Agricultural Site 

(intentional misuse) 1 0 0 1 0

Agricultural Site 

(registered use) 3 0 3 0 0

Total 7 0 4 3 0

Six non-target plant incidents involving the use of linuron have been reported to the Agency. In 

1997, in two counties in Wisconsin, clomazone and linuron together were applied to agricultural 

fields. Spray drift damaged nearby apple trees in one incident and raspberry fields and linden 

trees in the second incident. The certainty of injury being attributed to linuron is categorized as 

probable. This product no longer has an active registration.

In 2006, linuron was applied to a pumpkin field, and all the pumpkins died. Linuron is not 

registered for pumpkin. Therefore this use is considered to be a misuse (intentional) of 

registered use for linuron. The certainty of injury being attributed to linuron is categorized as 

probable. 

Three incidents that were in accordance with registered uses for linuron were reported to the 

Agency. In 1986, in Michigan, soybeans were sprayed with clomazone and linuron. Spray drift 

damaged native trees and ornamental plants up to 0.5 mile in one direction and 0.25 miles in 

another direction. Damage appeared to be similar to clomazone damage. The certainty of injury

being attributed to linuron is categorized as possible. This product no longer has an active 

registration. In 1993, in Indiana, spray drift from linuron, glyphosate, and alachlor sprayed on 

nearby agricultural fields damaged 80 acres of melons. The certainty of injury being attributed 

to linuron in this incident is categorized as possible. This product no longer has an active 

registration. In 2005, in Maine, spray drift from linuron applied to a nearby potato field 
13

damaged a strawberry and Christmas tree field. The certainty of injury being attributed to linron

is categorized as possible. 

In 1995, in St. Charles County, Missouri, fish-kills occurred in three ponds downgrade from a 

residence whose owner had cleaned out a shed and left some salvaged materials outside. A rain 

storm followed and washed the residues from the debris into the three ponds, causing the fishkills. About 150 bluegills, several largemouth bass, and grass carp were killed. Residues of 

linuron (16 ppb in water, 22000 ppb in soil), pentachlorphenol (3200 ppb in water, 13000 ppb in 

soil), and 2,4-D (4900 ppb in soil) were found in nearby water and soil. The use is considered to 

be a misuse (accidental) of registered use for linuron. The certainty of injury being attributed to 

linuron is categorized as possible. 

Most ecological incidents relating to linuron use have been damage to non-target terrestrial 

plants. Several of these incidents were due to spray drift from products that are no longer used 

(i.e., mixtures of linuron with clomazone or glyphosate and alachlor). The only aquatic incident 

was a result of improper storage of linuron and other pesticide products. 

In addition, the Avian Incident Monitoring System (AIMS) and Aggregate Summary Module of 

OPP’s Incident Database were checked on May 29, 2013 for incidents. No incidents were 

recorded in AIMS or the Aggregate Incident Report for EFED. 

I. Risk Assessment and Characterization

1) Terrestrial Assessment 

This assessment used T-REX (Version 1.5.1) to calculate dietary and dose-based EECs of 

linuron for terrestrial animals. T-REX simulates a 1-year time period. A single run of the model 

was used to characterize the maximum application rate on coriander and dill. Terrestrial EECs 

for foliar applications of linuron were derived. Use-specific input values, including number of 

applications and application rates, are shown in Appendix C. Risk Quotients (RQs) and EEC 

outputs derived from T-REX are also available in Appendix C. Table 10 summarizes 

exceedances for terrestrial animals.

For avian effects of linuron use on coriander and dill, acute dose-based RQ values exceeded the 

non-listed species acute LOC (0.5) for small birds consuming short grass. Avian acute dosebased RQ values exceeded the acute listed species LOC (0.1) for small, medium, and large birds 

consuming short grass and small and medium birds consuming short and tall grass, broadleaf 

plants and arthropods. As toxicity information is not available for terrestrial-phase amphibians 

and reptiles, birds are used as surrogates for these taxa. Therefore acute risk is also expected for 

these organisms. 

Avian acute dietary-based RQ values exceeded the listed species LOC for short and tall grass, 

broadleaf plants and arthropods. Chronic dietary-based RQ values exceeded the listed and nonlisted LOC (1) for short and tall grass, broadleaf plants, and arthropods. 
14

For mammalian effects of linuron use on coriander and dill, chronic dose-based RQ values 

exceeded the listed and non-listed species chronic LOC (1) for small, medium, and large 

mammals consuming short and tall grass, broadleaf plants, fruits, pods, seeds and arthropods. 

Chronic mammalian dietary-based RQ values also exceeded the chronic LOC for short and tall 

grass, broadleaf plants and arthropods. There is no acute risk concern for mammals (RQs < 

0.08).

Table 10. LOCs Exceeded For Acute and Chronic Risk to Birds and Mammals from 

Linuron Ground Application to Coriander and Dill 

Taxon Weight Food Source RQ Range

Acute Dose-Based

Birds 20 g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants & Arthropods 0.32 - 0.81

100 g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants & Arthropods 0.14 - 0.36

1000 g Short grass 0.11

Acute Dietary-Based

Birds 20-1000g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants & Arthropods 0.11-0.28

Chronic Dose-Based

Mammals 15 g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants, Fruits, Pods, Seeds & Arthropods 2.24 - 35.90

35 g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants, Fruits, Pods, Seeds & Arthropods 1.92 - 30.67

1000 g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants, Fruits, Pods, Seeds & Arthropods 1.03 - 16.44

Chronic Dietary-Based

 Birds 20-1000g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants & Arthropods 1.88 - 4.80

Mammals 15-1000g Short grass, Tall grass, Broadleaf Plants & Arthropods 1.62 - 4.14

Currently, EFED does not routinely quantify potential risks of pesticides to non-listed terrestrial 

adult insects. Based on the data submitted on honeybee toxicity (MRID 00018842), linuron is 

practically non-toxic to honeybees (LD50 = 120.85 μg a.i./bee) on an acute contact exposure 

basis. For insects, two EECs are calculated from T-REX and utilized in RQ calculations. The 

tall grass EEC represents exposure through dietary intake whereas the arthropod EEC represents 

exposure through contact (Table 11) (USEPA 2012). 

Table 11. Adult Insect Foliar Spray Upper-Bound EEC and Risk Quotient (RQ) Values 

Use

EEC (based on tall grass)

(mg/kg-diet) 

(dose in μg a.i./bee*)

RQ

EEC (based on arthropod)

(mg/kg-diet) 

(dose in μg a.i./bee**)

RQ

Corriander and Dill 

1 app at 2.0 lb a.i./A 220 (64.24) NC 188 (24.06) 0.20 C

*Conversion made by multiplying EEC by food consumption rate of adult bee (0.292 g/day)

**Conversion made by multiplying EEC by body weight of adult bee (0.128 g)

NC = not calculated due to the lack of acute oral honeybee toxicity data.

C = (24.06 ug a.i./bee/acute contact honeybee toxicity value based on contact value of 120.85 ug a.i./bee) = 0.20 < 

LOC 0.40 but > LOC 0.05.

Given that honeybee larval toxicity data are not available, only risk to adult bees was considered. 

The calculated acute contact RQ for the honeybee was 0.20 which does not exceed the honeybee 

LOC of 0.40 (USEPA, 2012). However, coriander and dill use exceeded the listed species 

interim LOC of 0.05. Acute dietary RQs could not be calculated because the acute oral toxicity

data were non-definitive. 
15

No acceptable terrestrial vegetative vigor or seedling emergence data have been submitted to the 

Agency to assess the toxicity of linuron to terrestrial plants. However, due to herbicidal 

mechanism of action of linuron and the reported terrestrial plant incidents associated with the use 

of linuron, risk to listed and nonlisted non-target terrestrial plants must be presumed. Without 

this data, risk to non-target terrestrial plants extends to an undetermined distance. To 

approximate the risk to non-target terrestrial plants, TerrPlant (Version 1.2.2) is used to calculate 

EECs for non-target plant species inhabiting dry and semi-aquatic areas using vegetative vigor 

and seedling emergence endpoints for diuron, a chemical that is structurally similar to linuron 

and only lacks one oxygen molecule compared to linuron. However, this analysis may

underestimate or overestimate actual risk to terrestrial plants from linuron. Parameter values for 

application rate, drift assumption and incorporation depth are based upon the use and application 

method and can be found in Appendix D.

For coriander and dill, RQs were exceeded for listed and non-listed dicots inhabiting semiaquatic areas for exposure via total loading (runoff + spray drift) and spray drift alone. RQs 

were exceeded for listed and non-listed monocots inhabiting semi-aquatic areas for exposure via 

total loading as well as for non-listed monocots inhabiting semi-aquatic areas for exposure via 

spray-drift. These results are available in Table 12. 

Table 12. Summary of Risk Quotient Values for Plants in Dry and Semi-Aquatic Areas 

Exposed to Linuron through Runoff and Spray Drift

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

Corriander and Dill (East of the Rocky Mountains)

1 app at 2.0 lb ai/A

Monocot non-listed 0.61 4.24 0.95

Monocot listed 0.67 4.72 10.00

Dicot non-listed 0.75 5.25 10.00

Dicot listed 1.28 8.94 20.00

Bold values exceeds LOC of 1.0

2) Aquatic Assessment

The aquatic EECs for the current assessment were modeled with PRZM-EXAMS. 

Table 13 is a representative output from Appendix E which shows RQ calculations for aquatic

animals and plants resulting from spray drift and runoff. The peak EEC is used to determine risk 

to aquatic plants and acute risk to aquatic invertebrates and fish. The 60-day EEC and 21-day

EECs are used to determine chronic risk to fish and aquatic invertebrates, respectively.

Acute LOCs (0.05 and 0.1 for listed and non-listed) were exceeded for listed and non-listed 

species of freshwater invertebrates and listed species of estuarine/marine fish, and the chronic 

LOC (1) was exceeded for freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates and freshwater fish. 

RQs for both listed and non-listed species of aquatic vascular and non-vascular plants from spray

drift and runoff to water exceed the Agency’s LOC (1) for non-target aquatic plants. 
16

Table 13: Risk Quotients for Aquatic Organisms from Spray Drift/Runoff Application of 

Linuron to Corriander and Dill - California Lettuce STD Scenario

Taxon EEC (ppb) Endpoint (ppb) RQ

Freshwater invertebrates Acute 66.93 120 0.56

Chronic 64.62 57 1.13

Freshwater fish Acute 66.93 3,000 0.02

Chronic 62.33 26.4 2.36

Estuarine/marine fish Acute 66.93 890 0.08

Chronic 62.33 357 0.17

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrates

Acute 66.93 3,300 0.02

Chronic 64.62 270 0.24

Aquatic vascular plants Non-Listed 66.93 2.5 26.77

Listed 66.93 0.5 133.86

Aquatic non-vascular plants Non-listed 66.93 13.7 4.89

Listed 66.93 5.79 11.56

3) Listed Species

A summary of direct effects to non-listed and listed taxa from the proposed uses of linuron is 

provided in Table 14. Direct or indirect effects to specific listed species have not been

definitively determined; further investigation into temporal, geographical, and biological 

associations between the proposed uses and affected taxa is needed before definitive effects 

determinations can be made. A summary of the listed species that are co-located in counties in 

which the assessed crops/uses are grown is found in Appendix F. 

Table 14. Summary of Effects Associated with Proposed Uses of Linuron

Listed Taxon Potential For Risk from Direct Effects?1Indirect Effects

Terrestrial plants Yes2 Yes

Birds Yes (acute and chronic exposure) Yes

Mammals Yes (chronic exposure) Yes

Terrestrial invertebrates Yes (acute contact exposure) Yes

Freshwater invertebrates Yes (acute and chronic exposure) Yes

Estuarine/marine invertebrates No Yes

Freshwater fish Yes (chronic exposure) Yes

Aquatic vascular and non-vascular plants Yes Yes

1 Unless otherwise specified, the Agency Level of Concern (LOC) was exceeded.

2

due to herbicidal mechanism of action of linuron and the reported terrestrial plant incidents associated with the use 

of linuron.
17

J. References

Baker, DB, TJ Logan, JM Davidson, JL Baker and MR Overcash. 1987. Effects of Conservation 

Tillage on Groundwater Quality: Nitrates and Pesticides. XIX+292P. Lewis Purblishers, 

Inc.: Chelsea, Michigan. Illus.Maps. ISBN 0-87371-080-0.; 0 (0). 1987. 65-92

Hoheisel, C.; Karrie, J.; Lees, S.; Davies-Hillard, L.; Hannon, P.; Bingham, R.; Behl, E.; Wells, 

D. and E. Waldman. 1992. Pesticides in Ground Water Database - A Compilation of 

Monitoring Studies: 1971-1991, EPA 734-12-92--001, September, 1992.

USEPA. 1995. Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Linuron. Prevention, Pesticides and 

Toxic Substances (EPA 738-R-95-003). http://www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/REDs/0047.pdf

USEPA. 2005. PRZM-3, A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen Fate in the Crop Root 

and Unsaturated Soil Zones: Users Manual for Release 3.0. 

USEPA. 2008. Memorandum: Linuron: Transmittal of Section 18 for Linuron to Control Dog 

Fennel and Prickly Lettuce in Lentils in Washington and Idaho, to the Registration 

Division, pp 15.

USEPA. 2009a. Guidance for Modeling Pesticide Total Toxic Residue (TTR). 25pp .

USEPA. 2009b. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate 

and Transport of Pesticides, Version 2.1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office 

of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division.

USEPA. 2010a. Section 3 Registration Ecological Risk Assessment Addressing IR-4’s Petition 

for Linuron New Use on Parsley, Dry Pea and Horseradish. DP Barcode: 371471, 

371472, 371473. Pp 130.

USEPA. 2010b. Registraion Review – Preliminary Problem Formulation for Ecological Risk, 

Environmental Fate, and Endangered Species Assessment for Linuron (PC Code 035506; 

DP Barcode D375455). Pp 70.

USEPA. 2010c. Response to Comments on the Registration Review – Preliminary Problem 

Formulation for the Ecological Risk, Environmental Fate, and Endangered Species 

Assessments for Linuron. DP Barcode: 384254. Pp 15.

USEPA. 2012. White paper in support of the proposed risk assessment process for bees. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Health Canada, and California Department of 

Pesticide Regulation
18

Appendix A – Example of PRZM/EXAMS Model Output

stored as CALettuce-1app.out

Chemical: Linuron

PRZM environment: CAlettuceSTD.txt modified Tueday, 21 February 2006 at 15:38:22

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:07

Metfile: w23273.dvf modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:39

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

1961 7.229 7.042 6.351 4.502 3.606 2.375

1962 53.26 51.43 48.04 39.18 35.41 25.09

1963 45.08 44.49 41.71 39.46 38.51 33.11

1964 36.43 36.17 35.28 34.6 34.39 32.65

1965 38.66 38.37 37.44 36.05 35.45 33.79

1966 38.36 38.08 37.14 35.82 35.21 33.4

1967 40.94 40.57 39.32 38.07 37.67 35.18

1968 38.06 37.79 37.11 36.73 36.3 34.01

1969 51.21 50.42 48.25 45.03 43.68 38.97

1970 53.97 53.21 51.31 47.87 46.34 41.79

1971 45.78 45.5 44.51 43.13 42.56 40.65

1972 43.59 43.31 42.36 41.02 40.38 38.6

1973 70.55 69.35 65.23 60.08 57.68 50

1974 62.83 62.16 60.28 57.74 56.39 51.85

1975 57.39 57.06 55.96 55.23 54.53 51.07

1976 63.02 62.3 60.03 57.22 55.94 51.83

1977 55.59 55.37 54.52 53.26 53.3 51

1978 91.63 90.3 85.17 80.93 77.7 66.82

1979 71.05 70.83 69.5 68.3 67.55 63.2

1980 83.28 82.45 79.74 75.22 73.1 65.97

1981 78.99 78.28 76.19 73.13 71.53 65.84

1982 69.41 69 67.62 66.77 66.76 62.9

1983 73.75 73.13 71.34 69.25 68.07 62.35

1984 62.57 62.29 61.33 59.94 59.22 55.91

1985 58.78 58.47 57.42 56.06 55.33 52.42

1986 78.22 76.93 72.81 70.21 68.29 60.23

1987 70.82 70.22 68 64.96 63.58 59.1

1988 65.29 64.81 63.13 61.22 60.74 56.94

1989 58.69 58.4 57.4 55.9 55.16 51.82

1990 53.67 53.37 52.82 51.33 50.54 47.35

Sorted results

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly

0.032258064516129 91.63 90.3 85.17 80.93 77.7 66.82

0.0645161290322581 83.28 82.45 79.74 75.22 73.1 65.97

0.0967741935483871 78.99 78.28 76.19 73.13 71.53 65.84

0.129032258064516 78.22 76.93 72.81 70.21 68.29 63.2

0.161290322580645 73.75 73.13 71.34 69.25 68.07 62.9

0.193548387096774 71.05 70.83 69.5 68.3 67.55 62.35

0.225806451612903 70.82 70.22 68 66.77 66.76 60.23

0.258064516129032 70.55 69.35 67.62 64.96 63.58 59.1

0.290322580645161 69.41 69 65.23 61.22 60.74 56.94

0.32258064516129 65.29 64.81 63.13 60.08 59.22 55.91

0.354838709677419 63.02 62.3 61.33 59.94 57.68 52.42

0.387096774193548 62.83 62.29 60.28 57.74 56.39 51.85
19

0.419354838709677 62.57 62.16 60.03 57.22 55.94 51.83

0.451612903225806 58.78 58.47 57.42 56.06 55.33 51.82

0.483870967741936 58.69 58.4 57.4 55.9 55.16 51.07

0.516129032258065 57.39 57.06 55.96 55.23 54.53 51

0.548387096774194 55.59 55.37 54.52 53.26 53.3 50

0.580645161290323 53.97 53.37 52.82 51.33 50.54 47.35

0.612903225806452 53.67 53.21 51.31 47.87 46.34 41.79

0.645161290322581 53.26 51.43 48.25 45.03 43.68 40.65

0.67741935483871 51.21 50.42 48.04 43.13 42.56 38.97

0.709677419354839 45.78 45.5 44.51 41.02 40.38 38.6

0.741935483870968 45.08 44.49 42.36 39.46 38.51 35.18

0.774193548387097 43.59 43.31 41.71 39.18 37.67 34.01

0.806451612903226 40.94 40.57 39.32 38.07 36.3 33.79

0.838709677419355 38.66 38.37 37.44 36.73 35.45 33.4

0.870967741935484 38.36 38.08 37.14 36.05 35.41 33.11

0.903225806451613 38.06 37.79 37.11 35.82 35.21 32.65

0.935483870967742 36.43 36.17 35.28 34.6 34.39 25.09

0.967741935483871 7.229 7.042 6.351 4.502 3.606 2.375

0.1 78.913 78.145 75.852 72.838 71.206 65.576

Average of yearly averages: 47.2071666666667

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: CALettuce-1app

Metfile: w23273.dvf

PRZM scenario: CAlettuceSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv

Chemical Name: Linuron

Description Variable Name Value Units Comments

Molecular weightmwt 249.1 g/mol

Henry's Law Const. henry 6.1e-8 atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure vapr 1.5e-5 torr

Solubility sol 81 mg/L

Kd Kd mg/L

Koc Koc 1195 mg/L

Photolysis half-life kdp 49 days Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 426 days Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 0 days Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 213 days Halfife

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life

Method: CAM 1 integer See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm

Application Rate:TAPP 1.68 kg/ha

Application Efficiency: APPEFF0.99 fraction

Spray Drift DRFT 0.064 fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date Date 9-2 dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17: FILTRA

IPSCND1

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT

PLDKRT

FEXTRC 0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run IR EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total (average of entire run
20

Appendix B: Reported Incidents Associated with Linuron Use

B000624-001 (5/10/1986). Genesee County, Michigan. Soybeans were sprayed with mixture of 

Command (active ingredient: clomazone, at 1 pint/acre) and Lorox (active ingredient: linuron, at 2 

pts/acre) on May 10 and again, on May 24. Narrow woods separated the soybean field from the home of 

the complainant who suffered damage to native trees and other plants on his property. Spray drift damage 

occurred up to 0.5 miles in one direction and 0.25 miles in a second direction. Damage appeared to be 

similar to clomazone damage. A witness claimed that wind was blowing at 20 mph during the spraying. 

The use was in accordance with registered use of linuron. The certainty of injury being attributed to the 

non-target plants is categorized as possible. 

I000358-001 (1/1/1993). Indiana. Lorox and Bronco (a mixture of glyposate, and alachlor) were sprayed 

onto nearby agricultural fields. About 80 acres of melons were damaged from the spray drift. The use 

was in accordance with registered use for linuron. The certainty of injury being attributed to the nontarget plants is categorized as possible. 

I004374-002 (5/26/1995). St. Charles County, Missouri. Fish kills occurred in three ponds downgrade 

from a residence whose owner had cleaned out a shed and left some salvaged materials outside. A rain 

storm followed and washed the residues from the debris into three ponds downgrade, causing the fish kill. 

About 150 bluegills, several largemouth bass, and grass carp were killed. Residues of linuron (16 ppb in 

water, 22000 ppb in soil), pentachlorphenol (3200 ppb in water, 13000 ppb in soil) and 2,4-D (4900 ppb 

in soil) were found in nearby water and soil. The use is considered to be a misuse (accidental) of 

registered use for linuron. The certainty of injury being attributed to the non-target plants is categorized 

as possible. 

I005880-016 (1997). Marquette Country, Wisconsin. Clomazone (Command 3ME) and linuron (Lorox 

DF) were applied at a distance of less than 1200 feet in a pre-tilled operation to nearby aricultural fields. 

Spray drift damaged apple trees. Damage appeared to be similar to clomazone damage. The use is 

considered to be a misuse (accidental) of a registered use for linuron. The certainty of injury being 

attributed to the non-target plants is categorized as probable. 

I005880-048 (1997). Juneau County, Wisconsin. Command 3ME) and linuron (Lorox DF) were applied 

in a no-till operation at a distance (80-300 feet) less than that prescribed on the label to organically 

cultivated raspberries. Also there was delayed damage to linden trees. The use is considered to be a 

misuse (accidental) of registered use for linuron. The certainty of injury to the non-target plants is 

categorized as probable. 

I016537-001 (07/18/2005). Maine. Linuron (Linex 4L Herbicide) was applied to a nearby potato field, 

but drift took the product off course and it damaged Christmas trees and a strawberry plot. It appeared as 

if the strawberries grew out of the damaged condition. The use was in accordance with registered use for 

linuron. The certainty of injury being attributed to the non-target plants is categorized as possible. 

I017606-001 (6/28/2006). Wayne County, Michigan. Linuron (Lorox DF) was applied at 1.5lb/acres to a 

pumpkin field. All the pumpkins died. Linuron is not labeled for use on pumkins. The use is considered 

to be a misuse (intentional) of registered use for linuron. The certainty of injury being attributed to the 

non-target plants is categorized as probable. 
21

Appendix C

Terrestrial Animal Exposure Model Analysis and Risk Quotient Calculations (TREX)

The application rate and avian and mammalian toxicity input page for the TREX program, with Linuron

inputs shown. The program calculates residues on dietary items using the Kenaga nomograph and is used 

to determine the Linuron estimated terrestrial organism dose-based and dietary-based exposure values and 

RQ values. 
22

Summary of Risk Quotient Calculations Based on Upper Bound Kenaga EECs for Corriander and 

Dill (East of the Rocky Mountains)

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

20 677.20 546.67 0.81 250.56 0.37 307.50 0.45 34.17 0.05 214.11 0.32 7.59 0.01

100 862.11 311.74 0.36 142.88 0.17 175.35 0.20 19.48 0.02 122.10 0.14 4.33 0.01

1000 1217.77 139.57 0.11 63.97 0.05 78.51 0.06 8.72 0.01 54.66 0.04 1.94 0.00

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

1700 480.00 0.28 220.00 0.13 270.00 0.16 30.00 0.02 188.00 0.11

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

100 480.00 4.80 220.00 2.20 270.00 2.70 30.00 0.30 188.00 1.88

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

15 5714.36 457.64 0.08 209.75 0.04 257.42 0.05 28.60 0.01 179.244 0.0314 6.3562 0.0011

35 4623.53 316.29 0.07 144.97 0.03 177.91 0.04 19.77 0.00 123.881 0.0268 4.393 0.001

1000 1999.82 73.33 0.04 33.61 0.02 41.25 0.02 4.58 0.00 28.7223 0.0144 1.0185 0.0005

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

0 480.00 #DIV/0! 220.00 #DIV/0! 270.00 #DIV/0! 30.00 ##### 188.00 #DIV/0!

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

116 480.00 4.14 220.00 1.90 270.00 2.33 30.00 0.26 188.00 1.62

EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ EEC RQ

15 12.75 457.64 35.90 209.75 16.45 257.42 20.19 28.60 2.24 179.24 14.06 6.36 0.50

35 10.31 316.29 30.67 144.97 14.06 177.91 17.25 19.77 1.92 123.88 12.01 4.39 0.43

1000 4.46 73.33 16.44 33.61 7.53 41.25 9.25 4.58 1.03 28.72 6.44 1.02 0.23

Granivore

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Short Grass Tall Grass

Size 

Class

(grams)

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Se

eds

Broadleaf Plants

Fruits/Pods/See

ds Granivore

Size 

Class

(grams)

Adjusted 

NOAEL

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/See

ds

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Fruits/Pods/Se

Broadleaf Plants

Fruits/Pods/Se

eds

Adjusted

LD50

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

LC50

Tall Grass Broadleaf Plants Granivore

Fruits/Pods/See

ds

Arthropods

EECs and RQs

Arthropods

Short Grass

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

NOAEC 

(ppm)

Tall Grass

LC50 

(ppm)

Short Grass

Size 

Class

(grams)

Adjusted

LD50

Short Grass

Fruits/Pods/Se

eds

Tall Grass

Arthropods

Arthropods

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Broadleaf Plants

EECs and RQs

Arthropods

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Arthropods

Table X. Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

EECs and RQs

Arthropods

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

NOAEC 

(ppm)

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients
23

Appendix D

Terrestrial Plant Exposure Model Analysis (TERPLANT)

The following illustrates the input and output for the TERPLANT modeling analysis used to determine 

the diuron estimated non-target terrestrial plants exposure values and risk quotient calculations for risk of 

diuron to non-target terrestrial plants. The seedling emergence and vegetative vigor data from the diuron 

RED are used as a surrogate for linuron terrestrial plant data, due to the absence of acceptable linuron 

data. Diuron is structurally similar to linuron, only differing by one oxygen molecule. However, this 

analysis may underestimate or overestimate actual risk to terrestrial plants from linuron.

TerrPlant v. 1.2.2

Green values signify user inputs (Tables 1, 2 and 4).

Input and output guidance is in popups indicated by red arrows.

Parameter

Chemical Name

PC code

Use

Application Method

Application Form 

Solubility in Water (ppm)

Input Parameter Symbol Value (user inputs) Units

Application Rate A 2

Incorporation I 1 none

Runoff Fraction R 0.02 none

Drift Fraction D 0.01 none

Equation EEC

(A/I)*R 0.04

(A/I)*R*10 0.4

A*D 0.02

((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.06

((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 0.42

Plant type EC25 NOAEC EC25 NOAEC 

Monocot 0.099 0.089 0.021 0.002

Dicot 0.08 0.047 0.002 0.001

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift

Monocot non-listed 0.61 4.24 0.95

Monocot listed 0.67 4.72 10.00

Dicot non-listed 0.75 5.25 10.00

Dicot listed 1.28 8.94 20.00

Total for semi-aquatic areas

Liquid

81

35506

User Inputs

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group.

Seedling Emergence Vegetative Vigor

Table 5. RQ values for plants in dry and semi-aquatic areas exposed to Linuron through runoff and/or 

spray drift.*

Table 4. Plant survival and growth data used for RQ derivation. Units are in . All values are user

inputs

Description

Table 3. EECs for Linuron. Units in .

Runoff to dry areas

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas

Spray drift

Total for dry areas

Table 1. Chemical Identity.

Linuron

Corriander and Dill (East of the Rocky Mountians)

Table 2. Input parameters used to derive EECs.

Foliar - ground
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 1 of 29

Appendix E: Aquatic Animal and Plant RQ Calculations

Aquatic Animals

Peak RQ 60-d RQ Peak RQ 21-d RQ Peak RQ 60-d RQ Peak RQ 21-d RQ

Coriander FL Peppers 43.98 0.01 27.86 1.06 43.98 0.37 34.46 0.60 43.98 0.05 27.86 0.08 43.98 0.01 34.46 0.13

Dill (East of

Rocky Mtns)

FLCarrot

46.95 0.02 24.15 0.91 46.95 0.39 33.71 0.59 46.95 0.05 24.15 0.07 46.95 0.01 33.71 0.12

PA Vegetable 33.02 0.01 27.64 1.05 33.02 0.28 29.57 0.52 33.02 0.04 27.64 0.08 33.02 0.01 29.57 0.11

Coriander CARowCrop 40.32 0.01 37.67 1.43 40.32 0.34 38.94 0.68 40.32 0.05 37.67 0.11 40.32 0.01 38.94 0.14

Dill (West of

Rocky Mtns)

CALettuce

66.93 0.02 62.33 2.36 66.93 0.56 64.62 1.13 66.93 0.08 62.33 0.17 66.93 0.02 64.62 0.24

ORmint 25.86 0.01 24.19 0.92 25.86 0.22 25.12 0.44 25.86 0.03 24.19 0.07 25.86 0.01 25.12 0.09

acute high risk = 0.5 chronic = 1

acute endangered = 0.05

Aquatic Plants

Peak RQ Peak RQ Peak RQ Peak RQ

Coriander FL Peppers 43.98 3.21 43.98 7.60 43.98 17.59 43.98 87.96

Dill (East of

Rocky Mtns)

FLCarrot

46.95 3.43 46.95 8.11 46.95 18.78 46.95 93.90

PA Vegetable 33.02 2.41 33.02 5.70 33.02 13.21 33.02 66.04

Coriander CARowCrop 40.32 2.94 40.32 6.96 40.32 16.13 40.32 80.63

Dill (West of

Rocky Mtns)

CALettuce

66.93 4.89 66.93 11.56 66.93 26.77 66.93 133.87

ORmint 25.86 1.89 25.86 4.47 25.86 10.34 25.86 51.72

non-listed and listed species LOC = 1

Acute Chronic

Non-Vascular Plants Vascular Plants

Non-Listed Listed Non-Listed Listed

 FW Fish Daphnids E/M Fish Mysids (SW Inverts)

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 2 of 29

Appendix F

Listed Species Analysis

Taxon Count by State for Selected Crops

No species

exclusions.

Minimum of 1 Acre

All Medium Types Included

rhubarb, celery, dill for oil, horseradish, parsley, peas-dry edible, peas-dry southern (cowpeas)

AL, AK, AS, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, DC, FM, FL, GA, GU, HI, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, ME, MH, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO,

MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, MP, OC, OA, OP, OH, OK, OR, PW, PA, PR, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UM, UT, VT, VI, 

VA, WA, WV, WI, WY

Amphibian, Arachnid, Bird, Bivalve, Conf/cycds, Coral, Crustacean, Dicot, Ferns, Fish, Gastropod, Insect, Lichen, Mammal,

Monocot, Reptile

celery

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean ivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dico Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen

Alaska 5 2

Arizona 5 4 2 6 2 1

Arkansas 4 1 1

California 26 12 6 7 12 7 3 12 95 13 2

Delaware 1 1 1 1 1

Florida 4 9 3 1 1 1 4 1 1

Hawaii 2 19 4 99 9 7

Illinois 2 1 3

Indiana 1 1

Iowa 1 1

Kansas 2

Louisiana 2 3

Maine 1 2 2 1

Massachusetts 2 1 1 1 2 1 1
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 3 of 29

Michigan 1 1 1 2 2 2 1

Minnesota 4

Montana 3 3

New Jersey 1 1 1 1 1

New Mexico 1 4 4

New York 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1

North Carolina 3 2 1 2 3 6 1 1
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 4 of 29

Ohio 1 1

Oklahoma 2 1

Oregon 2 4 7 1 2 9 1

Pennsylvania 1 1 5 2

Puerto Rico 1 7 3 5 16 2 2

Rhode Island 1 2 1 1

Texas 3 1 4

Vermont 1 1 1

Virgin Islands 1 2 2

Virginia 1

Washington 4 3 5 6

West Virginia 1 2 1

Wisconsin 1 3 1 4 2

dill for oil

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean ivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dico Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen

Montana 2 1 1

Oregon 1 4

Washington 3 2 4 1

horseradish

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean ivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dico Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen

Alabama 2 2 8 3

California 3 4 2 2 8 4 3 8

Connecticut 1 1 1

Georgia 1 1

Idaho 1 1 1

Illinois 2 2 1 2 1

Indiana 1 1

Iowa 1 1 1

Louisiana 1

Maryland 1 1 1 1 1 1

Massachusetts 1 1

Michigan 3 2 3 1 2 2 1

Montana 1 1
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 5 of 29

Nebraska 1

New Jersey 1 1 1 2 2

New York 1 2 1 1 2 2 1

North Carolina 2 1 1

North Dakota 1 3 2

Ohio 1

Oregon 2 1 5 2

Pennsylvania 1 1 5 2

Tennessee 1

Texas 1 2

Vermont 1

Washington

West Virginia

4 2 4

1

1

Wisconsin 1 3 1 3

parsley

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean ivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dico Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen

Alabama

Alaska 4

2 3

Arizona 5 4 1 10 6

Arkansas 1 1 1

California 27 14 6 7 16 8 3 18 122 15 2

Colorado 3 4 2 2 1

Connecticut 1 2 1 1 1 2 1

Delaware 1 1 1

Florida 4 10 5 2 23 2 1

Hawaii 2 22 41 7 173 12 12

Illinois 1 1 2 4 1

Iowa 1 1 1 1

Kansas 2 1

Maine 1 1 2 1

Maryland 1 1 1 1 2

Massachusetts 1 2 1 1 1 1 2

Michigan 3 2 1 3 2 1 2
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 6 of 29

Minnesota 1 1

New Jersey 1 2 1 1 3 3

New York 1 2 1 1 3 1 4 2 1

North Carolina 4 4 2 2 2 1 12 2 1

Ohio 1 1 5 2 2

Oregon 2 1 7 1 6

Pennsylvania 1 1 3 1

Rhode Island 1 2 1 1

South Carolina 2 1 1 1

Tennessee 3 1 1 5 1 2 1

Texas 4 5 3 2 1 6 5 5 1

Vermont 1 1 1 1

Virginia 1 2 1 1 1

Washington 4 2 4 5

Wisconsin 1 5 2 3 2

peas-dry edible

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean ivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dico Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen

Alabama 2 2 2 12 3

Arizona 2 2 4

California 8 8 3 2 8 4 1 1 25 1

Colorado 3 5 5 1 3 1

Florida 3 5 2 2 2 1 10 15 1 1

Idaho 4 5 3 4 1

Iowa 1 1 1 1

Kansas 1

Kentucky 1 5

Maine 1 2

Michigan 2 2 2 1

Minnesota 1 2 2 2

Mississippi 2 1 4 2 1

Missouri 1 2

Montana 3 3 3 1 1

Nebraska 2 4 2
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 7 of 29

New Jersey 1 1 1 1

New Mexico 1 2 1

New York 1 2 1 1

North Carolina 1 2 2

North Dakota 2 3 2 1

Ohio

Oklahoma

1

4 1

Oregon 1 4 7 2 9

South Carolina 3 1 5 1

South Dakota 4 3 1 1 1

Texas 4 5 1 7 1

Utah 1 1 1

Virginia 3 1 4 2 16 1 5 4

Washington 5 2 5 5 1

Wisconsin 2 2 2

peas-dry southern (cowpeas)

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean ivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dico Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen

Alabama 1 1 5

Arizona 2 2 1

Colorado 1 2

Florida 8 9 2 4 3 1 13 29 2 1 1

Georgia 3 1 6 3 1

Louisiana 3 3 3 3

Mississippi

Missouri

2

1 2

New Mexico 1 1

North Carolina 2 2 3 3

Oklahoma 2 5 1 2 3 1

South Carolina 3 1 1 1 4 1

South Dakota 3

Texas 5 7 3 2 1 6 5 6 2

rhubarb

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean ivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dico Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen
T

hursday, May 16,2013

Page8of 29

Alaska4

Arizona43218121

California 23 1144 1183 11 96 102

Colorado356141

Connecticut211121

Florida211

Idaho1

Illinois21214

Indiana141

Iowa122132

Kansas2411

Kentucky1

Maine22212

Maryland2111112

Massachusetts1221112

Michigan3213233

Minnesota14122

Missouri2351

Montana312

Nebraska2411

New Hampshire1111

New Jersey121133

NewMexico1

NewYork1211111521

NorthCarolina21111221

Ohio1117221

Oklahoma3

Oregon247261

Pennsylvania1142

RhodeIsland1211

SouthDakota43211

Vermont1111

Virginia211224

Washington645151
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 9 of 29

West Virginia 1 2 1 3 1

Wisconsin 2 2 5 1 4 1
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 10 of 29

County Counts 418 412 52 137 251 38 133 23 3 101 250 181 9 5 6 7

Species counts 64 60 18 25 64 14 62 54 7 51 451 45 16 3 2 2

State Counts 44 38 7 18 32 7 29 8 3 21 39 36 5 2 2 3

938 species with crop co-occurrence:

Summary Counts of Counties, States and Species

Mammal Bird Amphibian Reptile Fish Crustacean Bivalve Gastropod Arachnid Insect Dicot Monocot Ferns Conf/cycds Coral Lichen

Bankclimber, Purple (Elliptoideus sloatianus) 

Catfish, Yaqui (Ictalurus pricei)

Chub, Bonytail (Gila elegans)

Chub, Humpback (Gila cypha)

Bivalve 

Fish 

Fish

Fish

Freshwater 

Freshwater 

Freshwater

Freshwater

Campeloma, Slender (Campeloma decampi) 

Choctaw Bean (Villosa choctawensis)

Chub, Gila (Gila intermedia)

Chub, Oregon (Oregonichthys crameri)

Gastropod 

Bivalve 

Fish

Fish

Freshwater 

Freshwater 

Freshwater

Freshwater

Chub, Slender (Erimystax cahni) Fish Freshwater Chub, Sonora (Gila ditaenia) Fish Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin (Erimonax monachus) Fish Freshwater Chub, Yaqui (Gila purpurea) Fish Freshwater

Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus aculabrum) (Cambarus aculabrum) Crustacean Freshwater Crayfish, Shasta (Pacifastacus fortis) Crustacean Freshwater

Dace, Blackside (Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Fish Freshwater Darter, Bayou (Etheostoma rubrum) Fish Freshwater

Darter, Boulder (Etheostoma wapiti) Fish Freshwater Darter, Fountain (Etheostoma fonticola) Fish Freshwater

Darter, Leopard (Percina pantherina) Fish Freshwater Darter, Maryland (Etheostoma sellare) Fish Freshwater

Darter, Niangua (Etheostoma nianguae) Fish Freshwater Darter, Okaloosa (Etheostoma okaloosae) Fish Freshwater

Darter, Slackwater (Etheostoma boschungi) Fish Freshwater Darter, Snail (Percina tanasi) Fish Freshwater

Elktoe, Appalachian (Alasmidonta raveneliana) Bivalve Freshwater Fanshell (Cyprogenia stegaria) Bivalve Freshwater

fuzzy pigtoe (Pleurobema strodeanum) Bivalve Freshwater Gambusia, San Marcos (Gambusia georgei) Fish Freshwater

Goby, Tidewater (Eucyclogobius newberryi) Fish Freshwater Isopod, Lee County Cave (Lirceus usdagalun) Crustacean Freshwater

Isopod, Madison Cave (Antrolana lira) Crustacean Freshwater Kidneyshell, Triangular (Ptychobranchus greenii) Bivalve Freshwater

Logperch, Roanoke (Percina rex) Fish Freshwater Madtom, Neosho (Noturus placidus) Fish Freshwater

Madtom, Scioto (Noturus trautmani) Fish Freshwater Madtom, Yellowfin (Noturus flavipinnis) Fish Freshwater

Minnow, Loach (Tiaroga cobitis) Fish Freshwater Mucket, Orange-nacre (Lampsilis perovalis) Bivalve Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) (Lampsilis abrupta) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell (Medionidus acutissimus) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell (Pleurobema clava) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Cumberland Combshell (Epioblasma brevidens) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Dark Pigtoe (Pleurobema furvum) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Dwarf Wedge (Alasmidonta heterodon) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Fat Threeridge (Amblema neislerii) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook (Lampsilis altilis) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe (Fusconaia cuneolus) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell (Medionidus penicillatus) Bivalve Freshwater
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 11 of 29

Mussel, Heelsplitter Carolina (Lasmigona decorata)

Mussel, Ochlockonee Moccasinshell (Medionidus simpsonianus)

Bivalve

Bivalve

Freshwater

Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated (Potamilus inflatus)

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe (Pleurobema pyriforme)

Bivalve

Bivalve

Freshwater

Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell (Pleurobema perovatum) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Oyster (Epioblasma capsaeformis) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) (Obovaria retusa) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Rough Pigtoe (Pleurobema plenum) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Scaleshell (Leptodea leptodon) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe (Fusconaia cor) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook (Lampsilis subangulata) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, snuffbox (Epioblasma triquetra) Bivalve Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell (Pleurobema decisum) Bivalve Freshwater Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf (Quadrula fragosa) Bivalve Freshwater

Narrow Pigtoe (Fusconaia escambia) Bivalve Freshwater Pearlshell, Louisiana (Margaritifera hembeli) Bivalve Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Appalachian Monkeyface (Quadrula sparsa) Bivalve Freshwater Pearlymussel, Birdwing (Lemiox rimosus) Bivalve Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking (Hemistena lata) Bivalve Freshwater Pearlymussel, Cumberland Bean (Villosa trabalis) Bivalve Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface (Quadrula intermedia) Bivalve Freshwater Pearlymussel, Dromedary (Dromus dromas) Bivalve Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook (Potamilus capax) Bivalve Freshwater Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye (Lampsilis higginsii) Bivalve Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing (Pegias fabula) Bivalve Freshwater Pearlymussel, Orange-footed (Plethobasus cooperianus) Bivalve Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Paw (Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) Bivalve Freshwater Pearlymussel, White Wartyback (Plethobasus cicatricosus) Bivalve Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Yellow-blossom (Epioblasma florentina florentina) Bivalve Freshwater Pupfish, Desert (Cyprinodon macularius) Fish Freshwater

Purple Bean (Villosa perpurpurea) Bivalve Freshwater Rabbitsfoot, Rough (Quadrula cylindrica strigillata) Bivalve Freshwater

Rayed Bean (Villosa fabalis) Bivalve Freshwater Riffleshell, Northern (Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Bivalve Freshwater

Riffleshell, Tan (Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) Bivalve Freshwater Riversnail, Anthony's (Athearnia anthonyi) Gastropod Freshwater

Rock-pocketbook, Ouachita (=Wheeler's pm) (Arkansia wheeleri) Bivalve Freshwater Round Ebonyshell (Fusconaia rotulata) Bivalve Freshwater

Rush darter (Etheostoma phytophilum) Fish Freshwater Sheepnose mussel (Plethobasus cyphyus) Bivalve Freshwater

Shiner, Arkansas River (Notropis girardi) Fish Freshwater Shiner, Beautiful (Cyprinella formosa) Fish Freshwater

Shiner, Cape Fear (Notropis mekistocholas) Fish Freshwater Shiner, Topeka (Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Fish Freshwater

Shrimp, California Freshwater (Syncaris pacifica) Crustacean Freshwater Slabshell, Chipola (Elliptio chipolaensis) Bivalve Freshwater

Snail, Armored (Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta) Gastropod Freshwater Snail, Bliss Rapids (Taylorconcha serpenticola) Gastropod Freshwater

Southern Kidneyshell (Ptychobranchus jonesi) Bivalve Freshwater Southern Sandshell (Hamiota australis) Bivalve Freshwater

Spectaclecase mussel (Cumberlandia monodonta) Bivalve Freshwater Spikedace (Meda fulgida) Fish Freshwater

Spinymussel, Altamaha (Elliptio spinosa) Bivalve Freshwater Spinymussel, James River (Pleurobema collina) Bivalve Freshwater

Spinymussel, Tar River (Elliptio steinstansana) Bivalve Freshwater Springsnail, Bruneau Hot (Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis) Gastropod Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado (Ptychocheilus lucius) Fish Freshwater Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine (Gasterosteus aculeatus 

williamsoni)

Fish Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid (Scaphirhynchus albus) Fish Freshwater Sucker, June (Chasmistes liorus) Fish Freshwater

Sucker, Lost River (Deltistes luxatus) Fish Freshwater Sucker, Modoc (Catostomus microps) Fish Freshwater
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 12 of 29

Sucker, Razorback (Xyrauchen texanus)

Sucker, Shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris)

Fish

Fish

Freshwater

Freshwater

Sucker, Santa Ana (Catostomus santaanae)

Tapered Pigtoe (Fusconaia burkei)

Fish

Bivalve

Freshwater

Freshwater

Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) (Poeciliopsis occidentalis) Fish Freshwater Trout, Apache (Oncorhynchus apache) Fish Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Salvelinus confluentus) Fish Freshwater Trout, Gila (Oncorhynchus gilae) Fish Freshwater

Trout, Greenback Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki stomias) Fish Freshwater Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Fish Freshwater

Trout, Paiute Cutthroat (Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) Fish Freshwater Woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) Fish Freshwater

Smelt, Delta (Hypomesus transpacificus) Fish Freshwater, Brackish Salmon, Atlantic (Salmo salar) Fish Freshwater, Brackish, 

Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Fish Freshwater, Brackish, 

Saltwater

Salmon, Chum (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Fish Freshwater, Brackish, 

Saltwater

Salmon, Coho (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Fish Freshwater, Brackish, 

Saltwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Fish Freshwater, Brackish, 

Saltwater

Sawfish, Smalltooth (Pristis pectinata) Fish Freshwater, Brackish, 

Saltwater

Steelhead (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Fish Freshwater, Brackish, 

Saltwater

Sturgeon, Gulf (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Fish Freshwater, Saltwater Sturgeon, North American green (Acipenser medirostris) Fish Freshwater, Saltwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose (Acipenser brevirostrum) Fish Freshwater, Saltwater Sturgeon, White (Acipenser transmontanus) Fish Freshwater, Saltwater

Amphipod, Illinois Cave (Gammarus acherondytes) Crustacean Freshwater, 

Subterraneous

Amphipod, Peck's Cave (Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki) Crustacean Freshwater, 

Subterraneous

Beetle, Comal Springs Dryopid (Stygoparnus comalensis) Insect Freshwater, 

Subterraneous

Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle (Heterelmis comalensis) Insect Freshwater, 

Subterraneous

Salamander, Texas Blind (Typhlomolge rathbuni) Amphibian Freshwater, 

Subterraneous

Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave (Palaemonetes cummingi) Crustacean Freshwater, 

Subterraneous

Abalone, Black (Haliotis cracherodii) Gastropod Saltwater Abalone, White (Haliotis sorenseni) Gastropod Saltwater

Coral, Elkhorn (Acropora palmata) Coral Saltwater Coral, Staghorn (Acropora cervicornis) Coral Saltwater

Killer whale, Southern Resident DPS (Orcinus orca) Mammal Saltwater Manatee, West Indian (Trichechus manatus) Mammal Saltwater

Otter, Northern Sea (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) Mammal Saltwater Otter, Southern Sea (Enhydra lutris nereis) Mammal Saltwater

Rockfish, Bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) Fish Saltwater Sea turtle, green (Chelonia mydas) Reptile Saltwater

Sturgeon, Shovelnose (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) Fish Saltwater Whale, beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) Mammal Saltwater

Whale, Finback (Balaenoptera physalus) Mammal Saltwater Whale, Gray (Eschrichtius robustus) Mammal Saltwater

Whale, Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) Mammal Saltwater Whale, North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis (incl. australis)) Mammal Saltwater

Whale, Sei (Balaenoptera borealis) Mammal Saltwater Whale, Sperm (Physeter catodon (=macrocephalus)) Mammal Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) Reptile Saltwater, Coastal Sea turtle, leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) Reptile Saltwater, Coastal

Sea turtle, loggerhead (Caretta caretta) Reptile Saltwater, Coastal Seal, Guadalupe Fur (Arctocephalus townsendi) Mammal Saltwater, Coastal

Seal, Hawaiian Monk (Monachus schauinslandi) Mammal Saltwater, Coastal Seal, spotted (Phoca largha) Mammal Saltwater, Coastal

Sea-lion, Steller (Eumetopias jubatus) Mammal Saltwater, Coastal Beetle, Helotes Mold (Batrisodes venyivi) Insect Subterraneous
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 13 of 29

'Akepa, Hawaii (Loxops coccineus coccineus)

'Akia Pola'au (Hemignathus munroi) (Hemignathus munroi)

Bird

Bird

Terrestrial

Terrestrial

'Akepa, Maui (Loxops coccineus ochraceus)

Bear, American Black (Ursus americanus)

Bird

Mammal

Terrestrial

Terrestrial

Bear, Grizzly (Ursus arctos horribilis) Mammal Terrestrial Bear, Louisiana Black (Ursus americanus luteolus) Mammal Terrestrial

Beetle, American Burying (Nicrophorus americanus) Insect Terrestrial Beetle, Casey's June (Dinacoma caseyi) Insect Terrestrial

Beetle, Northeastern Beach Tiger (Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis) Insect Terrestrial Beetle, Ohlone Tiger (Cicindela ohlone) Insect Terrestrial

Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Insect Terrestrial Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn (Desmocerus californicus 

dimorphus)

Insect Terrestrial

Bison, Wood (Bison bison athabascae) Mammal Terrestrial Blackbird, Yellow-shouldered (Agelaius xanthomus) Bird Terrestrial

blackline Hawaiian damselfly (Megalagrion nigrohamatum 

nigrolineatum)

Insect Terrestrial Bladderpod, White Bluffs (Physaria douglasii subsp. 

Tuplashensis)

Dicot Terrestrial

Boa, Puerto Rican (Epicrates inornatus) Reptile Terrestrial Bobwhite, Masked (Colinus virginianus ridgwayi) Bird Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Umtanum Desert (Eriogonum codium) Dicot Terrestrial Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot (Wright's euphydryas) (Euphydryas 

editha bayensis)

Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot (Speyeria zerene behrensii) Insect Terrestrial Butterfly, Callippe Silverspot (Speyeria callippe callippe) Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, El Segundo Blue (Euphilotes battoides allyni) Insect Terrestrial Butterfly, Fender's Blue (Icaricia icarioides fenderi) Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Insect Terrestrial Butterfly, Lange's Metalmark (Apodemia mormo langei) Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, Lotis Blue (Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis) Insect Terrestrial Butterfly, Mission Blue (Icaricia icarioides missionensis) Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, Myrtle's Silverspot (Speyeria zerene myrtleae) Insect Terrestrial Butterfly, Oregon Silverspot (Speyeria zerene hippolyta) Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus 

palosverdesensis)

Insect Terrestrial Butterfly, Quino Checkerspot (Euphydryas editha quino (=E. e. 

wrighti))

Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, San Bruno Elfin (Callophrys mossii bayensis) Insect Terrestrial Butterfly, Smith's Blue (Euphilotes enoptes smithi) Insect Terrestrial

Butterfly, Uncompahgre Fritillary (Boloria acrocnema) Insect Terrestrial Caracara, Audubon's Crested (Polyborus plancus audubonii) Bird Terrestrial

Caribou, Woodland (Rangifer tarandus caribou) Mammal Terrestrial Condor, California (Gymnogyps californianus) Bird Terrestrial

Coot, Hawaiian (=Alae keo keo) (Fulica americana alai) Bird Terrestrial Creeper, Hawaii (Oreomystis mana) Bird Terrestrial

Creeper, Oahu (Alauwahio) (Paroreomyza maculata) Bird Terrestrial Crimson Hawaiian damselfly (Megalagrion leptodemas) Insect Terrestrial

Crow, Hawaiian ('Alala) (Corvus hawaiiensis) Bird Terrestrial Curlew, Eskimo (Numenius borealis) Bird Terrestrial

Damselfly, Flying Earwig Hawaiian (Megalagrion nesiotes) Insect Terrestrial Damselfly, Pacific Hawaiian (Megalagrion pacificum) Insect Terrestrial

DeBeque phacelia (Phacelia submutica) Dicot Terrestrial Deer, Columbian White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) Mammal Terrestrial

Elepaio, Oahu (Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) Bird Terrestrial Falcon, Northern Aplomado (Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Bird Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed (Mustela nigripes) Mammal Terrestrial Fly, Delhi Sands Flower-loving (Rhaphiomidas terminatus 

abdominalis)

Insect Terrestrial

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila montgomeryi) Insect Terrestrial Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila hemipeza) Insect Terrestrial

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila aglaia) Insect Terrestrial Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila heteroneura) Insect Terrestrial

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila neoclavisetae) Insect Terrestrial Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila tarphytrichia) Insect Terrestrial
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 14 of 29

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila obatai)

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila mulli)

Insect

Insect

Terrestrial

Terrestrial

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila substenoptera)

Fly, Hawaiian picture-wing (Drosophila ochrobasis)

Insect

Insect

Terrestrial

Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow (Empidonax traillii extimus) Bird Terrestrial Fox, San Joaquin Kit (Vulpes macrotis mutica) Mammal Terrestrial

Fox, San Miguel Island (Urocyon littoralis littoralis) Mammal Terrestrial Fox, Santa Catalina Island (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) Mammal Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Cruz Island (Urocyon littoralis santacruzae) Mammal Terrestrial Fox, Santa Rosa Island (Urocyon littoralis santarosae) Mammal Terrestrial

Gnatcatcher, Coastal California (Polioptila californica californica) Bird Terrestrial Grasshopper, Zayante Band-winged (Trimerotropis infantilis) Insect Terrestrial

Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Mammal Terrestrial Hawk, Hawaiian (Io) (Buteo solitarius) Bird Terrestrial

Hawk, Puerto Rican Broad-winged (Buteo platypterus 

brunnescens)

Bird Terrestrial Hawk, Puerto Rican Sharp-shinned (Accipiter striatus venator) Bird Terrestrial

Honeycreeper, Crested ('Akohekohe) (Palmeria dolei) Bird Terrestrial Jaguar (Panthera onca) Mammal Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast (Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi 

cacomitli)

Mammal Terrestrial Jaguarundi, Sinaloan (Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca) Mammal Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Fresno (Dipodomys nitratoides exilis) Mammal Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, Giant (Dipodomys ingens) Mammal Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Morro Bay (Dipodomys heermanni morroensis) Mammal Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino Merriam's (Dipodomys merriami 

parvus)

Mammal Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Stephens' (Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus)) Mammal Terrestrial Kangaroo Rat, Tipton (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides) Mammal Terrestrial

Kite, Everglades Snail (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) Bird Terrestrial Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard (Gambelia silus) Reptile Terrestrial

Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed (Uma inornata) Reptile Terrestrial Lizard, Island Night (Xantusia riversiana) Reptile Terrestrial

Lizard, St. Croix Ground (Ameiva polops) Reptile Terrestrial Lobelia niihauensis (ncn) (Lobelia niihauensis) Dicot Terrestrial

Lynx, Canada (Lynx canadensis) Mammal Terrestrial Moorhen, Hawaiian Common (Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) Bird Terrestrial

Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx (Manduca blackburni) Insect Terrestrial Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx (Euproserpinus euterpe) Insect Terrestrial

Mouse, Pacific Pocket (Perognathus longimembris pacificus) Mammal Terrestrial Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping (Zapus hudsonius preblei) Mammal Terrestrial

Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest (Reithrodontomys raviventris) Mammal Terrestrial Nightjar, Puerto Rico (Caprimulgus noctitherus) Bird Terrestrial

Nuku Pu'u, Maui (Hemignathus lucidus affinus) Bird Terrestrial Oceanic Hawaiian damselfly (Megalagrion oceanicum) Insect Terrestrial

Ocelot (Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis) Mammal Terrestrial 'O'u (Honeycreeper) (Psittirostra psittacea) Bird Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted (Strix occidentalis lucida) Bird Terrestrial Owl, Northern Spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina) Bird Terrestrial

Palila (Loxioides bailleui) Bird Terrestrial Panther, Florida (Puma (=Felis) concolor coryi) Mammal Terrestrial

Parrotbill, Maui (Pseudonestor xanthophrys) Bird Terrestrial Petrel, Hawaiian Dark-rumped (Pterodroma phaeopygia 

sandwichensis)

Bird Terrestrial

Pigeon, Puerto Rican Plain (Columba inornata wetmorei) Bird Terrestrial Plover, Piping (Charadrius melodus) Bird Terrestrial

Plover, Western Snowy (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Bird Terrestrial Po'ouli (Melamprosops phaeosoma) Bird Terrestrial

Pronghorn, Sonoran (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) Mammal Terrestrial Puma (=Cougar), Eastern (Puma (=Felis) concolor (all subsp. 

except coryi))

Mammal Terrestrial

Rabbit, Pygmy (Brachylagus idahoensis) Mammal Terrestrial Rabbit, Riparian Brush (Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) Mammal Terrestrial
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 15 of 29

Rail, California Clapper (Rallus longirostris obsoletus) Bird Terrestrial Rail, Light-footed Clapper (Rallus longirostris levipes) Bird Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper (Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Bird Terrestrial Rattlesnake, New Mexican Ridge-nosed (Crotalus willardi 

obscurus)

Reptile Terrestrial

Scrub-Jay, Florida (Aphelocoma coerulescens) Bird Terrestrial Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) Mammal Terrestrial 

Sheep, Sierra Nevada Bighorn (Ovis canadensis sierrae) Mammal Terrestrial Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Ornate (Sorex ornatus relictus) Mammal Terrestrial 

Shrike, San Clemente Loggerhead (Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) Bird Terrestrial Skink, Blue-tailed Mole (Eumeces egregius lividus) Reptile Terrestrial 

Skink, Sand (Neoseps reynoldsi) Reptile Terrestrial Skipper, Laguna Mountain (Pyrgus ruralis lagunae) Insect Terrestrial

Snail, Flat-spired Three-toothed (Triodopsis platysayoides) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, Iowa Pleistocene (Discus macclintocki) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, Morro Shoulderband (Helminthoglypta walkeriana) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella abbreviata) (Achatinella 

abbreviata)

Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella apexfulva) (Achatinella apexfulva) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bellula) (Achatinella bellula) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella buddii) (Achatinella buddii) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bulimoides) (Achatinella 

bulimoides)

Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella byronii) (Achatinella byronii) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella caesia) (Achatinella caesia) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella casta) (Achatinella casta) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella cestus) (Achatinella cestus) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella concavospira) (Achatinella 

concavospira)

Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella curta) (Achatinella curta) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decipiens) (Achatinella decipiens) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decora) (Achatinella decora) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella dimorpha) (Achatinella dimorpha) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella elegans) (Achatinella elegans) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fulgens) (Achatinella fulgens) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fuscobasis) (Achatinella 

fuscobasis)

Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juddii) (Achatinella juddii) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juncea) (Achatinella juncea) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lehuiensis) (Achatinella lehuiensis) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella leucorraphe) (Achatinella 

leucorraphe)

Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lila) (Achatinella lila) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella livida) (Achatinella livida) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lorata) (Achatinella lorata) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella mustelina) (Achatinella mustelina) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella papyracea) (Achatinella 

papyracea)

Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella phaeozona) (Achatinella 

phaeozona)

Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pulcherrima) (Achatinella 

pulcherrima)

Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pupukanioe) (Achatinella 

pupukanioe)

Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella rosea) (Achatinella rosea) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella sowerbyana) (Achatinella 

sowerbyana)

Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella spaldingi) (Achatinella spaldingi) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella stewartii) (Achatinella stewartii) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella swiftii) (Achatinella swiftii) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella taeniolata) (Achatinella taeniolata) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella thaanumi) (Achatinella thaahumi) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella turgida) (Achatinella turgida) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella valida) (Achatinella valida) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella viridans) (Achatinella viridans) Gastropod Terrestrial
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 16 of 29

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella vittata) (Achatinella vittata) Gastropod Terrestrial Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella vulpina) (Achatinella vulpina) Gastropod Terrestrial

Snail, Snake River Physa (Physa natricina) Gastropod Terrestrial Snake, Eastern Indigo (Drymarchon corais couperi) Reptile Terrestrial

Sparrow, Florida Grasshopper (Ammodramus savannarum 

floridanus)

Bird Terrestrial Sparrow, San Clemente Sage (Amphispiza belli clementeae) Bird Terrestrial

Spider, Spruce-fir Moss (Microhexura montivaga) Arachnid Terrestrial Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying (Glaucomys sabrinus 

coloratus)

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox (Sciurus niger cinereus) Mammal Terrestrial Squirrel, Northern Idaho Ground (Spermophilus brunneus 

brunneus)

Mammal Terrestrial

Mammal Terrestrial

Stilt, Hawaiian (=Ae'o) (Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) Bird Terrestrial Stork, Wood (Mycteria americana) Bird Terrestrial

Swiftlet, Mariana Gray (=Vanikoro) (Aerodramus vanikorensis 

bartschi)

Bird Terrestrial Tern, California Least (Sterna antillarum browni) Bird Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least (Sterna antillarum) Bird Terrestrial Tern, Roseate (Sterna dougallii dougallii) Bird Terrestrial 

Tortoise, Desert (Gopherus agassizii) Reptile Terrestrial Tortoise, Gopher (Gopherus polyphemus) Reptile Terrestrial 

Vireo, Black-capped (Vireo atricapilla) Bird Terrestrial Vireo, Least Bell's (Vireo bellii pusillus) Bird Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Golden-cheeked (Dendroica chrysoparia) Bird Terrestrial Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's (Dendroica kirtlandii) Bird Terrestrial

Whipsnake (=Striped Racer), Alameda (Masticophis lateralis 

euryxanthus)

Reptile Terrestrial Woodpecker, Ivory-billed (Campephilus principalis) Bird Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded (Picoides borealis) Bird Terrestrial Woodrat, Riparian (Neotoma fuscipes riparia) Mammal Terrestrial

Beetle, Puritan Tiger (Cicindela puritana) Insect Terrestrial, Coastal Mouse, Choctawhatchee Beach (Peromyscus polionotus 

allophrys)

Mammal Terrestrial, Coastal

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach (Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) Mammal Terrestrial, Coastal Mouse, Southeastern Beach (Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris) Mammal Terrestrial, Coastal 

Mouse, St. Andrew Beach (Peromyscus polionotus peninsularis) Mammal Terrestrial, Coastal Coqui, Golden (Eleutherodactylus jasperi) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater 

Crane, Whooping (Grus americana) Bird Terrestrial, Freshwater Crocodile, American (Crocodylus acutus) Reptile Terrestrial, Freshwate 

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald (Somatochlora hineana) Insect Terrestrial, Freshwater Duck, Hawaiian (Koloa) (Anas wyvilliana) Bird Terrestrial, Freshwater 

Frog, California Red-legged (Rana aurora draytonii) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Frog, Chiricahua Leopard (Rana chiricahuensis) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwate 

Frog, Mountain Yellow-legged (Rana muscosa) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Goose, Hawaiian (Nene) (Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis) Bird Terrestrial, Freshwater 

Guajon (Eleutherodactylus cooki) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Mountain Beaver, Point Arena (Aplodontia rufa nigra) Mammal Terrestrial, Freshwate 

Salamander, Barton Springs (Eurycea sosorum) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Salamander, Desert Slender (Batrachoseps aridus) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater 

Salamander, Reticulated flatwoods (Ambystoma bishopi) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Salamander, San Marcos (Eurycea nana) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwate

Salamander, Shenandoah (Plethodon shenandoah) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Snail, Chittenango Ovate Amber (Succinea chittenangoensis) Gastropod Terrestrial, Freshwater

Snake, Giant Garter (Thamnophis gigas) Reptile Terrestrial, Freshwater Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water (Nerodia erythrogaster 

neglecta)

Reptile Terrestrial, Freshwate

Snake, San Francisco Garter (Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) Reptile Terrestrial, Freshwater Springsnail, San Bernardino (Pyrgulopsis bernardina) Gastropod Terrestrial, Freshwater 

Toad, Arroyo Southwestern (Bufo californicus (=microscaphus)) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Toad, Houston (Bufo houstonensis) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwate 

Toad, Puerto Rican Crested (Peltophryne lemur) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater Turtle, Bog (Clemmys muhlenbergii) Reptile Terrestrial, Freshwater
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 17 of 29

Turtle, Plymouth Red-bellied (Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi)

Turtle, Yellow-blotched Map (Graptemys flavimaculata)

Reptile

Reptile

Terrestrial, Freshwater

Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Ringed Map (Graptemys oculifera)

Alligator, American (Alligator mississippiensis)

Reptile

Reptile

Terrestrial, Freshwater

Terrestrial, Freshwate

Brackish

Murrelet, Marbled (Brachyramphus marmoratus) Bird Terrestrial, Freshwater, 

Saltwater

Salamander, Frosted Flatwoods (Ambystoma cingulatum) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater

Vernal pool

Salamander, Santa Cruz Long-toed (Ambystoma macrodactylum 

croceum)

Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwater, 

Vernal pool

Salamander, Sonora Tiger (Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi) Amphibian Terrestrial, Freshwate

Vernal pool

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr (Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Insect Terrestrial, Perm. 

wetland

Albatross, Short-tailed (Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus) Bird Terrestrial, Saltwater

Eider, Steller's (Polysticta stelleri) Bird Terrestrial, Saltwater Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's (Puffinus auricularis newelli) Bird Terrestrial, Saltwater

Bat, Gray (Myotis grisescens) Mammal Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Bat, Hawaiian Hoary (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Mammal Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Bat, Indiana (Myotis sodalis) Mammal Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long-nosed (Leptonycteris curasoae 

yerbabuenae)

Mammal Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Bat, Ozark Big-eared (Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii 

ingens)

Mammal Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Beetle, Mount Hermon June (Polyphylla barbata) Insect Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Harvestman, Cokendolpher Cave (Texella cokendolpheri) Arachnid Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave (Cicurina venii) Arachnid Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Meshweaver, Government Canyon Bat Cave (Cicurina vespera) Arachnid Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Meshweaver, Madla's Cave (Cicurina madla) Arachnid Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Meshweaver, Robber Baron Cave (Cicurina baronia) Arachnid Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Rhadine exilis (ncn) (Rhadine exilis) Insect Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Rhadine infernalis (ncn) (Rhadine infernalis) Insect Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Spider, Government Canyon Bat Cave (Neoleptoneta microps) Arachnid Terrestrial, 

Subterraneous

Salamander, California Tiger (Ambystoma californiense) Amphibian Terrestrial, Vernal pool (ncn) (Doryopteris takeuchii) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

(ncn) (Tetraplasandra lydgatei) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Abutilon sandwicense (ncn) (Abutilon sandwicense) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Achyranthes mutica (ncn) (Achyranthes mutica) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata (ncn) (Achyranthes 

splendens var. rotundata)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Adobe Sunburst, San Joaquin (Pseudobahia peirsonii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

A'e (Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) (Zanthoxylum 

dipetalum var. tomentosum)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

A'e (Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) (Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) (Nothocestrum breviflorum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) (Chamaesyce 

celastroides var. kaenana)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) (Chamaesyce deppeana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Akoko (Chamaesyce herbstii) (Chamaesyce herbstii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Akoko (Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. skottsbe (Chamaesyce 

skottsbergii var. kalaeloana)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana) (Euphorbia haeleeleana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 18 of 29

Alani (Melicope adscendens) (Melicope adscendens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alani (Melicope balloui) (Melicope balloui) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alani (Melicope knudsenii) (Melicope knudsenii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alani (Melicope mucronulata) (Melicope mucronulata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alani (Melicope ovalis) (Melicope ovalis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alani (Melicope pallida) (Melicope pallida) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alani (Melicope saint-johnii) (Melicope saint-johnii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alani (Melicope zahlbruckneri) (Melicope zahlbruckneri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alopecurus, Sonoma (Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alsinidendron obovatum (ncn) (Alsinidendron obovatum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Alsinidendron trinerve (ncn) (Alsinidendron trinerve) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ambrosia, South Texas (Ambrosia cheiranthifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Amole, Cammatta Canyon (Chlorogalum purpureum var. 

reductum)

Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Amole, Purple (Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Anaunau (Lepidium arbuscula) (Lepidium arbuscula) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Anunu (Sicyos alba) (Sicyos alba) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Asplenium fragile var. insulare (ncn) (Asplenium fragile var. 

insulare)

Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Aster, Decurrent False (Boltonia decurrens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Aster, Florida Golden (Chrysopsis floridana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Auerodendron pauciflorum (ncn) (Auerodendron pauciflorum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) (Isodendrion hosakae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium) (Isodendrion laurifolium) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium) (Isodendrion longifolium) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Avens, Spreading (Geum radiatum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) (Centaurium sebaeoides) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) (Hedyotis cookiana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ayenia, Texas (Ayenia limitaris) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Baccharis, Encinitas (Baccharis vanessae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Barberry, Island (Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Barberry, Nevin's (Berberis nevinii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Beargrass, Britton's (Nolina brittoniana) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bedstraw, El Dorado (Galium californicum ssp. sierrae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bedstraw, Island (Galium buxifolium) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bird's-beak, Pennell's (Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bird's-beak, salt marsh (Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bird's-beak, Soft (Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bladderpod, Lyrate (Lesquerella lyrata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bladderpod, Missouri (Lesquerella filiformis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Blazing Star, Heller's (Liatris helleri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Blazing Star, Scrub (Liatris ohlingerae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 19 of 29

Bluecurls, Hidden Lake (Trichostema austromontanum ssp. 

compactum)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Blue-star, Kearney's (Amsonia kearneyana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bluet, Roan Mountain (Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bonamia menziesii (ncn) (Bonamia menziesii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bonamia, Florida (Bonamia grandiflora) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Boxwood, Vahl's (Buxus vahlii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Broom, San Clemente Island (Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Buckwheat, Scrub (Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island (Malacothamnus clementinus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Island (Malacothamnus fasciculatus 

var. nesioticus)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Butterfly Plant, Colorado (Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Butterweed, Layne's (Senecio layneae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Button-celery, San Diego (Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Arizona Hedgehog (Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. 

arizonicus)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Bakersfield (Opuntia treleasei) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Black Lace (Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Cochise Pincushion (Coryphantha robbinsorum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Colorado hookless (Sclerocactus glaucus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Kuenzler Hedgehog (Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Head (Echinocactus horizonthalonius 

var. nicholii)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Pima Pineapple (Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cactus, Star (Astrophytum asterias) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Campion, Fringed (Silene polypetala) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Catchfly, Spalding's (Silene spaldingii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Catesbaea Melanocarpa (ncn) (Catesbaea melanocarpa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ceanothus, Coyote (Ceanothus ferrisae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ceanothus, Pine Hill (Ceanothus roderickii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ceanothus, Vail Lake (Ceanothus ophiochilus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Chamaecrista glandulosa (ncn) (Chamaecrista glandulosa var. 

mirabilis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Checker-mallow, Keck's (Sidalcea keckii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Checker-mallow, Kenwood Marsh (Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Chumbo, Higo (Harrisia portoricensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cladonia, Florida Perforate (Cladonia perforata) Lichen Unattributed Wetland

Status

Clarkia, Pismo (Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Clarkia, Presidio (Clarkia franciscana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Clarkia, Vine Hill (Clarkia imbricata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cliffrose, Arizona (Purshia (=cowania) subintegra) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Clover, Leafy Prairie (Dalea foliosa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Clover, Monterey (Trifolium trichocalyx) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Clover, Prairie Bush (Lespedeza leptostachya) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 20 of 29

Clover, Running Buffalo (Trifolium stoloniferum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Crownbeard, Big-leaved (Verbesina dissita) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cypress, Gowen (Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana) Conf/cycds Unattributed Wetland

Status

Daisy, Lakeside (Hymenoxys herbacea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Daisy, Willamette (Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Diellia erecta (ncn) (Diellia erecta) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Diellia unisora (ncn) (Diellia unisora) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Dudleya, Conejo (Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley (Dudleya setchellii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Coneflower, Smooth (Echinacea laevigata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley (Atriplex coronata var. notatior) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Cypress, Santa Cruz (Cupressus abramsiana) Conf/cycds Unattributed Wetland

Status

Daisy, Parish's (Erigeron parishii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Daphnopsis hellerana (ncn) (Daphnopsis hellerana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Diellia falcata (ncn) (Diellia falcata) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Diplazium molokaiense (ncn) (Diplazium molokaiense) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Dudleya, Marcescent (Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island (Dudleya nesiotica) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Dudleya, Santa Monica Mountains (Dudleya cymosa ssp. 

ovatifolia)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Dudleya, Verity's (Dudleya verityi) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Dwarf-flax, Marin (Hesperolinon congestum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Evening-primrose, San Benito (Camissonia benitensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes (Oenothera deltoides ssp. 

howellii)

Fern, American hart's-tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium var. 

americanum)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Fern, Pendant Kihi (Adenophorus periens) (Adenophorus periens) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Fern, Thelypteris inabonensis (Thelypteris inabonensis) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Fiddleneck, Large-flowered (Amsinckia grandiflora) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Flannelbush, Mexican (Fremontodendron mexicanum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Flannelbush, Pine Hill (Fremontodendron californicum ssp. 

decumbens)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Four-o'clock, Macfarlane's (Mirabilis macfarlanei) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Fringe Tree, Pygmy (Chionanthus pygmaeus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island (Thysanocarpus conchuliferus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Fritillary, Gentner's (Fritillaria gentneri) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) (Geocarpon minimum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Geranium, Hawaiian Red-flowered (Geranium arboreum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Gerardia, Sandplain (Agalinis acuta) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Gilia, Hoffmann's Slender-flowered (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. 

hoffmannii)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Gilia, Monterey (Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Goetzea, Beautiful (Matabuey) (Goetzea elegans) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's (Pseudobahia bahiifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 21 of 29

Goldenrod, Blue Ridge (Solidago spithamaea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Gouania hillebrandii (ncn) (Gouania hillebrandii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Gouania meyenii (ncn) (Gouania meyenii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Gouania vitifolia (ncn) (Gouania vitifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Gourd, Okeechobee (Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. 

okeechobeensis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Grass, Fosberg's Love (Eragrostis fosbergii) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) (Cyanea copelandii 

ssp. copelandii)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) (Cy 

ssp. haleakalaensis)

anea copelandii Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea Crispa) (=Rollandia crispa) (Cyanea (=Rollandia)

crispa)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea glabra) (Cyanea glabra) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) (Cyanea grimesiana 

ssp. grimesiana)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. 

obatae)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii) (Cyanea hamatiflora 

ssp. Carlsonii)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) (Cyanea hamatiflora 

ssp. hamatiflora)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea lobata) (Cyanea lobata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea longiflora) (Cyanea longiflora) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) (Cyanea pinnatifida) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) (Cyanea platyphylla) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) (Cyanea shipmannii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) (Cyanea stictophylla) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea superba) (Cyanea superba) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haha (Cyanea truncata) (Cyanea truncata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra crenata) (Cyrtandra crenata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra dentata) (Cyrtandra dentata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) (Cyrtandra giffardii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra munroi) (Cyrtandra munroi) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) (Cyrtandra polyantha) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra subumbellata) (Cyrtandra subumbellata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hala Pepe (Pleomele hawaiiensis) (Pleomele hawaiiensis) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Haplostachys Haplostachya (ncn) (Haplostachys haplostachya) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Harebells, Avon Park (Crotalaria avonensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus giffardianus) (Hibiscadelphus 

giffardianus)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis) (Hibiscadelphus 

hualalaiensis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hedyotis degeneri (ncn) (Hedyotis degeneri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hedyotis parvula (ncn) (Hedyotis parvula) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hesperomannia arborescens (ncn) (Hesperomannia arborescens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hesperomannia arbuscula (ncn) (Hesperomannia arbuscula) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Holei (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Hypericum, Highlands Scrub (Hypericum cumulicola) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 22 of 29

Jacquemontia, Beach (Jacquemontia reclinata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Jewelflower, California (Caulanthus californicus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Jewelflower, Metcalf Canyon (Streptanthus albidus ssp. albidus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Jewelflower, Tiburon (Streptanthus niger) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides) (Cenchrus 

agrimonioides)

Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia) (Colubrina oppositifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Kio'Ele (Hedyotis coriacea) (Hedyotis coriacea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Kiponapona (Phyllostegia racemosa) (Phyllostegia racemosa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Koki'o (Kokia drynarioides) (Kokia drynarioides) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) (Bidens micrantha 

ssp. kalealaha)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ko'oloa'ula (Abutilon menziesii) (Abutilon menziesii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Kulu'I (Nototrichium humile) (Nototrichium humile) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ladies'-tresses, Navasota (Spiranthes parksii) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Larkspur, Baker's (Delphinium bakeri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Larkspur, San Clemente Island (Delphinium variegatum ssp. 

kinkiense)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Larkspur, Yellow (Delphinium luteum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago hawaiensis) (Plantago hawaiensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Layia, Beach (Layia carnosa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lessingia, San Francisco (Lessingia germanorum (=L.g. var. 

germanorum))

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lichen, Rock Gnome (Gymnoderma lineare) Lichen Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lily, Minnesota Trout (Erythronium propullans) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lily, Pitkin Marsh (Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lily, Tiburon Mariposa (Calochortus tiburonensis) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lipochaeta venosa (ncn) (Lipochaeta venosa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Liveforever, Laguna Beach (Dudleya stolonifera) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island (Dudleya traskiae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia schattaueri) (Pritchardia schattaueri) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lobelia monostachya (ncn) (Lobelia monostachya) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Locoweed, Fassett's (Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lupine, Clover (Lupinus tidestromii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lupine, Kincaid's (Lupinus sulphureus (=oreganus) ssp. kincaidii

(=var. kincaidii))

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lupine, Nipomo Mesa (Lupinus nipomensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lupine, Scrub (Lupinus aridorum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Lysimachia lydgatei (ncn) (Lysimachia lydgatei) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) (Alectryon macrococcus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Makou (Peucedanum sandwicense) (Peucedanum sandwicense) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Malacothrix, Island (Malacothrix squalida) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island (Malacothrix indecora) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mallow, Kern (Eremalche kernensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Manioc, Walker's (Manihot walkerae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 23 of 29

Manzanita, Del Mar (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Manzanita, Morro (Arctostaphylos morroensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Manzanita, Pallid (Arctostaphylos pallida) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island (Arctostaphylos confertiflora) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ma'o Hau Hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) (Hibiscus brackenridgei) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea kealiae) (Schiedea kealiae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mariscus fauriei (ncn) (Mariscus fauriei) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mariscus pennatiformis (ncn) (Mariscus pennatiformis) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Meadowfoam, Large-flowered Woolly (Limnanthes floccosa ssp. 

Grandiflora)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea) (Flueggea neowawraea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Applegate's (Astragalus applegatei) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Braunton's (Astragalus brauntonii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Clara Hunt's (Astragalus clarianus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Coachella Valley (Astragalus lentiginosus var. 

coachellae)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Coastal Dunes (Astragalus tener var. titi) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Jesup's (Astragalus robbinsii var. jesupi) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Pierson's (Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Triple-ribbed (Astragalus tricarinatus) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milk-vetch, Ventura Marsh (Astragalus pycnostachyus var. 

lanosissimus)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Milkweed, Mead's (Asclepias meadii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mint, Garrett's (Dicerandra christmanii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mint, Longspurred (Dicerandra cornutissima) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mint, Scrub (Dicerandra frutescens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Monkey-flower, Michigan (Mimulus glabratus var. 

michiganensis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Monkshood, Northern Wild (Aconitum noveboracense) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Morning-glory, Stebbins (Calystegia stebbinsii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mountainbalm, Indian Knob (Eriodictyon altissimum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mountain-mahogany, Catalina Island (Cercocarpus traskiae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Mustard, Carter's (Warea carteri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Myrcia Paganii (Myrcia paganii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Na'ena'e (Dubautia herbstobatae) (Dubautia herbstobatae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Na'ena'e (Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) (Dubautia 

plantaginea ssp. humilis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Nanu (Gardenia mannii) (Gardenia mannii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Na'u (Gardenia brighamii) (Gardenia brighamii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Naupaka, Dwarf (Scaevola coriacea) (Scaevola coriacea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Navarretia, Few-flowered (Navarretia leucocephala ssp. 

Pauciflora)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Navarretia, Many-flowered (Navarretia leucocephala ssp. 

plieantha)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Nehe (Lipochaeta kamolensis) (Lipochaeta kamolensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Nehe (Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) (Lipochaeta lobata var. 

leptophylla)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Nehe (Lipochaeta tenuifolia) (Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 24 of 29

Neraudia angulata (ncn) (Neraudia angulata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Neraudia ovata (ncn) (Neraudia ovata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Neraudia sericea (ncn) (Neraudia sericea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Nioi (Eugenia koolauensis) (Eugenia koolauensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Oha (Delissea subcordata) (Delissea subcordata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Oha (Delissea undulata) (Delissea undulata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Oha (Lobelia gaudichaudii koolauensis) (Lobelia gaudichaudii 

ssp. koolauensis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Oha Wai (Clermontia lindseyana) (Clermontia lindseyana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) (Clermontia 

oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Oha Wai (Clermontia peleana) (Clermontia peleana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

'Oha Wai (Clermontia pyrularia) (Clermontia pyrularia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Onion, Munz's (Allium munzii) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Opuhe (Urera kaalae) (Urera kaalae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed (Platanthera praeclara) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Paintbrush, Golden (Castilleja levisecta) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian (Castilleja grisea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Paintbrush, Soft-leaved (Castilleja mollis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Paintbrush, Tiburon (Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Palo de Rosa (Ottoschulzia rhodoxylon) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Panicgrass, Carter's (Panicum fauriei var.carteri) (Panicum 

fauriei var. carteri)

Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera) (Ctenitis squamigera) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pawpaw, Four-petal (Asimina tetramera) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Penny-cress, Kneeland Prairie (Thlaspi californicum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pennyroyal, Todsen's (Hedeoma todsenii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pentachaeta, Lyon's (Pentachaeta lyonii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pentachaeta, White-rayed (Pentachaeta bellidiflora) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Peperomia, Wheeler's (Peperomia wheeleri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Peppergrass, Slick Spot (Lepidium papilliferum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phacelia, Island (Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phacelia, North Park (Phacelia formosula) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phlox, Texas Trailing (Phlox nivalis ssp. texensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phlox, Yreka (Phlox hirsuta) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phyllostegia kaalaensis (ncn) (Phyllostegia kaalaensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phyllostegia mollis (ncn) (Phyllostegia mollis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phyllostegia parviflora (ncn) (Phyllostegia parviflora) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Phyllostegia velutina (ncn) (Phyllostegia velutina) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pilo (Hedyotis mannii) (Hedyotis mannii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pinkroot, Gentian (Spigelia gentianoides) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Piperia, Yadon's (Piperia yadonii) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pitcher-plant, Mountain Sweet (Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 25 of 29

Plum, Scrub (Prunus geniculata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Polygala, Lewton's (Polygala lewtonii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Polygonum, Scott's Valley (Polygonum hickmanii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Popolo 'Aiakeakua (Solanum sandwicense) (Solanum 

sandwicense)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Popolo Ku Mai (Solanum incompletum) (Solanum incompletum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Poppy, Sacramento Prickly (Argemone pleiacantha ssp. 

pinnatisecta)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Potato-bean, Price's (Apios priceana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Prickly-ash, St. Thomas (Zanthoxylum thomasianum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pua'ala (Brighamia rockii) (Brighamia rockii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Pussypaws, Mariposa (Calyptridium pulchellum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Remya, Maui (Remya mauiensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rock-cress, Hoffmann's (Arabis hoffmannii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rock-cress, McDonald's (Arabis mcdonaldiana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rock-cress, Santa Cruz Island (Sibara filifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rock-cress, Shale Barren (Arabis serotina) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rosemary, Etonia (Conradina etonia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rosemary, Short-leaved (Conradina brevifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Roseroot, Leedy's (Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rush-pea, Slender (Hoffmannseggia tenella) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Rush-rose, Island (Helianthemum greenei) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Sandalwood, Lanai (='Iliahi) (Santalum freycinetianum var. 

lanaiense)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Sandlace (Polygonella myriophylla) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Sand-verbena, Large-fruited (Abronia macrocarpa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Sanicula mariversa (ncn) (Sanicula mariversa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Schiedea haleakalensis (ncn) (Schiedea haleakalensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Schiedea hookeri (ncn) (Schiedea hookeri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Schiedea kaalae (ncn) (Schiedea kaalae) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Schiedea nuttallii (ncn) (Schiedea nuttallii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Schiedea, Diamond Head (Schiedea adamantis) (Schiedea 

adamantis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Schoepfia arenaria (ncn) (Schoepfia arenaria) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Silene hawaiiensis (ncn) (Silene hawaiiensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Silene lanceolata (ncn) (Silene lanceolata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Silene perlmanii (ncn) (Silene perlmanii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Silversword, Haleakala ('Ahinahina) (Argyroxiphium 

sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Silversword, Mauna Kea ('Ahinahina) (Argyroxiphium 

sandwicense ssp. sandwicense)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Snakeroot (Eryngium cuneifolium) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spermolepis hawaiiensis (ncn) (Spermolepis hawaiiensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spineflower, Ben Lomond (Chorizanthe pungens var. 

hartwegiana)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spineflower, Howell's (Chorizanthe howellii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spineflower, Monterey (Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 26 of 29

Spineflower, Orcutt's (Chorizanthe orcuttiana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spineflower, Robust (Chorizanthe robusta va r. robusta) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spineflower, Scotts Valley (Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spineflower, Slender-horned (Dodecahema leptoceras) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spineflower, Sonoma (Chorizanthe valida) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Spurge, Telephus (Euphorbia telephioides) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Stenogyne angustifolia (ncn) (Stenogyne angustifolia var. 

angustifolia)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Stenogyne kanehoana (ncn) (Stenogyne kanehoana) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Stonecrop, Lake County (Parvisedum leiocarpum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Sumac, Michaux's (Rhus michauxii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Sunflower, San Mateo Woolly (Eriophyllum latilobum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Sunflower, Schweinitz's (Helianthus schweinitzii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tarplant, Gaviota (Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tarplant, Otay (Deinandra (=Hemizonia) conjugens) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tarplant, Santa Cruz (Holocarpha macradenia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tetramolopium arenarium (ncn) (Tetramolopium arenarium) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tetramolopium capillare (ncn) (Tetramolopium capillare) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tetramolopium filiforme (ncn) (Tetramolopium filiforme) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum (ncn) (Tetramolopium 

lepidotum ssp. lepidotum)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tetramolopium remyi (ncn) (Tetramolopium remyi) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tetramolopium rockii (ncn) (Tetramolopium rockii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Thelypody, Howell's Spectacular (Thelypodium howellii 

spectabilis)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Thistle, Chorro creek Bog (Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Thistle, Fountain (Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Thistle, La Graciosa (Cirsium loncholepis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Thistle, Pitcher's (Cirsium pitcheri) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Thornmint, San Mateo (Acanthomintha obovata ssp. duttonii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Torreya, Florida (Torreya taxifolia) Conf/cycds Unattributed Wetland

Status

Tree Fern, Elfin (Cyathea dryopteroides) Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Trillium, Relict (Trillium reliquum) Monocot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Uhiuhi (Caesalpinia kavaiensis) (Caesalpinia kavaiense) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Vetch, Hawaiian (Vicia menziesii) (Vicia menziesii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Vigna o-wahuensis (ncn) (Vigna o-wahuensis) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wahine Noho Kula (Isodendrion pyrifolium) (Isodendrion 

pyrifolium)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wallflower, Ben Lomond (Erysimum teretifolium) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wallflower, Contra Costa (Erysimum capitatum var. angustatum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wallflower, Menzie's (Erysimum menziesii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Warea, Wide-leaf (Warea amplexifolia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Watercress, Gambel's (Rorippa gambellii) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Huperzia) mannii) (Huperzia 

mannii)

Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 27 of 29

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Lycopodium) nutans) 

(Lycopodium (=Phlegmariurus) nutans)

Ferns Unattributed Wetland

Status

Whitlow-wort, Papery (Paronychia chartacea) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wild-buckwheat, Clay-loving (Eriogonum pelinophilum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wireweed (Polygonella basiramia) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Wings, Pigeon (Clitoria fragrans) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Woodland-star, San Clemente Island (Lithophragma maximum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Woolly-star, Santa Ana River (Eriastrum densifolium ssp. 

sanctorum)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Woolly-threads, San Joaquin (Monolopia (=Lembertia)

congdonii)

Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Yerba Santa, Lompoc (Eriodictyon capitatum) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Ziziphus, Florida (Ziziphus celata) Dicot Unattributed Wetland

Status

Monardella, Willowy (Monardella linoides ssp. viminea) Dicot Upland Oahu wild coffee (Psychotria hexandra ssp. Oahuensis) Dicot Upland

'Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa) (Sesbania tomentosa) Dicot Upland Pamakani (Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana) (Viola 

chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana)

Dicot Upland

Primrose, Maguire (Primula maguirei) Dicot Upland Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy (Branchinecta conservatio) Crustacean Vernal pool 

Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn (Branchinecta longiantenna) Crustacean Vernal pool Fairy Shrimp, Riverside (Streptocephalus woottoni) Crustacean Vernal pool 

Fairy Shrimp, San Diego (Branchinecta sandiegonensis) Crustacean Vernal pool Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool (Branchinecta lynchi) Crustacean Vernal pool 

Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Pool (Lepidurus packardi) Crustacean Vernal pool (ncn) (Platydesma cornuta var. decurrens) Dicot Wetland 

(ncn) (Phyllostegia hispida) Dicot Wetland (ncn) (Platydesma cornuta var. cornuta) Dicot Wetland

a'e (Zanthoxylum oahuense) Dicot Wetland 'Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) (Chamaesyce rockii) Dicot Wetland 

alani (Melicope christophersenii) Dicot Wetland alani (Melicope makahae) Dicot Wetland 

alani (Melicope hiiakae) Dicot Wetland Alani (Melicope lydgatei) (Melicope lydgatei) Dicot Wetland 

Amaranth, Seabeach (Amaranthus pumilus) Dicot Wetland Ambrosia, San Diego (Ambrosia pumila) Dicot Wetland 

Amphianthus, Little (Amphianthus pusillus) Dicot Wetland Arrowhead, Bunched (Sagittaria fasciculata) Monocot Wetland 

Beaked-rush, Knieskern's (Rhynchospora knieskernii) Monocot Wetland Beauty, Harper's (Harperocallis flava) Monocot Wetland 

Bird's-beak, Palmate-bracted (Cordylanthus palmatus) Dicot Wetland Birds-in-a-nest, White (Macbridea alba) Dicot Wetland 

Bittercress, Small-anthered (Cardamine micranthera) Dicot Wetland Bladderpod, White (Lesquerella pallida) Dicot Wetland 

Bluegrass, San Bernardino (Poa atropurpurea) Monocot Wetland Brodiaea, Thread-leaved (Brodiaea filifolia) Monocot Wetland 

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) (Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Monocot Wetland Butterwort, Godfrey's (Pinguicula ionantha) Dicot Wetland 

Capa Rosa (Callicarpa ampla) Dicot Wetland Chaffseed, American (Schwalbea americana) Dicot Wetland 

Checker-mallow, Nelson's (Sidalcea nelsoniana) Dicot Wetland Clover, Fleshy Owl's (Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta) Dicot Wetland

Clover, Showy Indian (Trifolium amoenum) Dicot Wetland Coyote-thistle, Loch Lomond (Eryngium constancei) Dicot Wetland

Dawn-flower, Texas Prairie (=Texas Bitterweed) (Hymenoxys 

texana)

Dicot Wetland Dropwort, Canby's (Oxypolis canbyi) Dicot Wetland

Goldenrod, Houghton's (Solidago houghtonii) Dicot Wetland Goldfields, Burke's (Lasthenia burkei) Dicot Wetland

Goldfields, Contra Costa (Lasthenia conjugens) Dicot Wetland Gooseberry, Miccosukee (Ribes echinellum) Dicot Wetland
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 28 of 29

Grass, California Orcutt (Orcuttia californica)

Grass, Hairy Orcutt (Orcuttia pilosa)

Monocot

Dicot

Wetland

Wetland

Grass, Colusa (Neostapfia colusana)

Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt (Orcuttia inaequalis)

Monocot

Monocot

Wetland

Wetland

Grass, Slender Orcutt (Orcuttia tenuis) Dicot Wetland Grass, Solano (Tuctoria mucronata) Monocot Wetland

ha`iwale (Cyrtandra kaulantha) Dicot Wetland ha`iwale (Cyrtandra sessilis) Dicot Wetland

haha (Cyanea purpurellifolia) Dicot Wetland Haha (Cyanea calycina) Dicot Wetland

Haha (Cyanea lanceolata) Dicot Wetland Haha (Cyanea acuminata) (Cyanea acuminata) Dicot Wetland

Haha (Cyanea humboldtiana) (Cyanea humboldtiana) Dicot Wetland Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) (Cyanea koolauensis) Dicot Wetland

Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) (Cyanea mceldowneyi) Dicot Wetland Haha (Cyanea St-Johnii) (=Rollandia St-Johnii) (Cyanea stjohnii)Dicot Wetland

haiwale (Cyrtandra gracilis) Dicot Wetland haiwale (Cyrtandra waiolani) Dicot Wetland

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra viridiflora) (Cyrtandra viridiflora) Dicot Wetland Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum) Dicot Wetland

Hilo Ischaemum (Ischaemum byrone) (Ischaemum byrone) Monocot Wetland Holly, Cook's (Ilex cookii) Dicot Wetland

Howellia, Water (Howellia aquatilis) Dicot Wetland 'Ihi'Ihi (Marsilea villosa) (Marsilea villosa) Ferns Wetland

Iris, Dwarf Lake (Iris lacustris) Monocot Wetland Joint-vetch, Sensitive (Aeschynomene virginica) Dicot Wetland

Kamakahala (Labordia cyrtandrae) (Labordia cyrtandrae) Dicot Wetland kaulu (Pteralyxia macrocarpa) Dicot Wetland

ko`oko`olau (Bidens amplectens) Dicot Wetland Kolea (Myrsine juddii) (Myrsine juddii) Dicot Wetland

Ladies'-tresses, Canelo Hills (Spiranthes delitescens) Monocot Wetland Ladies'-tresses, Ute (Spiranthes diluvialis) Monocot Wetland

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago princeps) (Plantago princeps) Dicot Wetland Liliwai (Acaena exigua) (Acaena exigua) Dicot Wetland

Lily, Western (Lilium occidentale) Monocot Wetland Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) (Pritchardia affinis) Monocot Wetland

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) (Pritchardia kaalae) Monocot Wetland Lobelia oahuensis (ncn) (Lobelia oahuensis) Dicot Wetland

Lomatium, Bradshaw's (Lomatium bradshawii) Dicot Wetland Lomatium, Cook's (Lomatium cookii) Dicot Wetland

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved (Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Dicot Wetland Lousewort, Furbish (Pedicularis furbishiae) Dicot Wetland

Lysimachia filifolia (ncn) (Lysimachia filifolia) Dicot Wetland Meadowfoam, Sebastopol (Limnanthes vinculans) Dicot Wetland

Meadowrue, Cooley's (Thalictrum cooleyi) Dicot Wetland Mint, Otay Mesa (Pogogyne nudiuscula) Dicot Wetland

Mint, San Diego Mesa (Pogogyne abramsii) Dicot Wetland Navarretia, Spreading (Navarretia fossalis) Dicot Wetland

Nohoanu (Geranium multiflorum) (Geranium multiflorum) Dicot Wetland 'Oha Wai (Clermontia drepanomorpha) (Clermontia 

drepanomorpha)

Dicot Wetland

'Oha Wai (Clermontia samuelii) (Clermontia samuelii) Dicot Wetland 'Ohe'ohe (Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) (Tetraplasandra 

gymnocarpa)

Dicot Wetland

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed (Platanthera leucophaea) Monocot Wetland Palo de Jazmin (Styrax portoricensis) Dicot Wetland

Palo de Nigua (Cornutia obovata) Dicot Wetland Phyllostegia hirsuta (ncn) (Phyllostegia hirsuta) Dicot Wetland

Phyllostegia mannii (ncn) (Phyllostegia mannii) Dicot Wetland Phyllostegia warshaueri (ncn) (Phyllostegia warshaueri) Dicot Wetland

Pink, Swamp (Helonias bullata) Monocot Wetland Pitcher-plant, Green (Sarracenia oreophila) Dicot Wetland
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 29 of 29

Platanthera holochila (ncn) (Platanthera holochila)

Pogonia, Small Whorled (Isotria medeoloides)

Monocot

Monocot

Wetland

Wetland

Po'e (Portulaca sclerocarpa) (Portulaca sclerocarpa)

Polygala, Tiny (Polygala smallii)

Dicot

Dicot

Wetland

Wetland

Potentilla, Hickman's (Potentilla hickmanii) Dicot Wetland Pteris lidgatei (ncn) (Pteris lidgatei) Ferns Wetland

Pu'uka'a (Cyperus trachysanthos) (Cyperus trachysanthos) Monocot Wetland Quillwort, Louisiana (Isoetes louisianensis) Ferns Wetland

Rhododendron, Chapman (Rhododendron chapmanii) Dicot Wetland Sandwort, Marsh (Arenaria paludicola) Dicot Wetland

Sanicula purpurea (ncn) (Sanicula purpurea) Dicot Wetland Sea-blite, California (Suaeda californica) Dicot Wetland

Seagrass, Johnson's (Halophila johnsonii) Monocot Wetland Sedge, White (Carex albida) Monocot Wetland

Silversword, Ka'u (Argyroxiphium kauense) (Argyroxiphium

kauense)

Dicot Wetland Skullcap, Florida (Scutellaria floridana) Dicot Wetland

Sneezeweed, Virginia (Helenium virginicum) Dicot Wetland Spiraea, Virginia (Spiraea virginiana) Dicot Wetland

Spurge, Hoover's (Chamaesyce hooveri) Dicot Wetland Stickyseed, Baker's (Blennosperma bakeri) Dicot Wetland

Thistle, Sacramento Mountains (Cirsium vinaceum) Dicot Wetland Thornmint, San Diego (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Dicot Wetland

Trematolobelia singularis (ncn) (Trematolobelia singularis) Dicot Wetland Tuctoria, Green's (Tuctoria greenei) Dicot Wetland

Umbel, Huachuca Water (Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva) Dicot Wetland Uvillo (Eugenia haematocarpa) Dicot Wetland

Viola oahuensis (ncn) (Viola oahuensis) Dicot Wetland Wild-rice, Texas (Zizania texana) Monocot Wetland

No species were selected for exclusion. 

Dispersed species included in report.

Marine Species

Coral (Anthozoa)

Common name

Coral, Elkhorn

Scientific name

Acropora palmata

Family

Acroporidae

Order

Scleractinia

Coral, Staghorn Acropora cervicornis Acroporidae Scleractinia

Fish (Actinopterygii)

Common name

Rockfish, Bocaccio

Scientific name

Sebastes paucispinis

Family

Scorpaenidae

Order

Perciformes

Rockfish, Canary Sebastes pinniger Scorpaenidae Perciformes

Salmon, Atlantic Salmo salar Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Salmon, Chinook Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Salmon, Chum Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta Salmonidae Salmoniformes
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 30 of 29

Fish (Actinopterygii)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Salmon, Coho Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Salmon, Sockeye Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Sawfish, Smalltooth Pristis pectinata Pristidae Pristiformes

Steelhead Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss Salmonidae Salmoniformes

Sturgeon, Gulf Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Sturgeon, North American green Acipenser medirostris Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Sturgeon, Shortnose Acipenser brevirostrum Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Sturgeon, White Acipenser transmontanus Acipenseridae Acipenseriformes

Gastropod (Gastropoda)

Common name

Abalone, Black

Scientific name

Haliotis cracherodii

Family

Haliotidae

Order

Vetigastropoda

Abalone, White Haliotis sorenseni Haliotidae Vetigastropoda

Mammal (Mammalia)

Common name

Bear, polar

Scientific name

Ursus maritimus

Family

Ursidae

Order

Carnivora

Dugong Dugong dugon Dugongidae Sirenia

Killer whale, Southern Resident DPS Orcinus orca Cervidae Artiodactyla

Manatee, West Indian Trichechus manatus Trichechidae Sirenia

Otter, Northern Sea Enhydra lutris kenyoni Mustelidae Carnivora

Otter, Southern Sea Enhydra lutris nereis Mustelidae Carnivora

Seal, bearded (Atlantic) Erignathus barbatus barbatus Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, bearded (Pacific) Erignathus barbatus nauticus Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, Guadalupe Fur Arctocephalus townsendi Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, Hawaiian Monk Monachus schauinslandi Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Arctic) Phoca hispida hispida Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Baltic) Phoca hispida botnica Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Ladoga) Phoca hispida ladogensis Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, ringed (Okhotsk) Phoca hispida ochotensis Phocidae Carnivora

Seal, spotted Phoca largha Phocidae Carnivora

Sea-lion, Steller Eumetopias jubatus Otariidae Carnivora

Whale, beluga Delphinapterus leucas Monodontidae Cetacea
Thursday, May 16, 2013 Page 31 of 29

Mammal (Mammalia)

Common name Scientific name Family Order

Whale, Blue Balaenoptera musculus Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, Bowhead Balaena mysticetus Balaenidae Cetacea

Whale, Finback Balaenoptera physalus Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, Gray Eschrichtius robustus Eschrichtiidae Cetacea

Whale, Humpback Megaptera novaeangliae Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, North Atlantic right Eubalaena glacialis (incl. australis) Balaenidae Cetacea

Whale, North Pacific right Eubalaena japonica Balaenidae Cetacea

Whale, Sei Balaenoptera borealis Balaenopteridae Cetacea

Whale, Sperm Physeter catodon (=macrocephalus) Physeteridae Cetacea

Monocot (Liliopsida)

Common name

Seagrass, Johnson's

Scientific name

Halophila johnsonii

Family

Hydrocharitaceae

Order

Alismatales

Reptile (Reptilia)

Common name

Sea turtle, green

Scientific name

Chelonia mydas

Family

Cheloniidae

Order

Testudines

Sea turtle, hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata Cheloniidae Testudines

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii Cheloniidae Testudines

Sea turtle, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea Dermochelyidae Testudines

Sea turtle, loggerhead Caretta caretta Cheloniidae Testudines

Sea turtle, olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea Cheloniidae Testudines

Snake, Atlantic Salt Marsh Nerodia clarkii taeniata Colubridae Squamata