2011BaseYearStatelmplementationPlanEmissionslnventoryforVOC,NO*andCOForAreasofMarginalNon-attainmentofthe2008OzoneNAAQSinDelawareFINALREPORTSubmittedto:U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyRegion3-Philadelphia,PAPreparedby:DepartmentofNaturalResources&EnvironmentalControlDivisionofAirQualityAirshedPlanning&lnventoryProgram655S.BayRoadDover,DE19901July20,20'1420I1BASIrYnzrRSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYIìOIìVOC,NO*,&COSECTION1_OVERVIE\ilANDSUMMARYhfroduction1-1TAIìLEOFCONTENTSListofTablesBackground&RequirementsResponsibilitiesProjectManagementInventoryPlanninglnventoryDevelopmentEmissionsSummarySECTION2_STATIONARYPOINTSOURCESEmissionsSummarySECTION3-STATIONARYNON-POINTSOURCESSourceCategoriesEmissionEstimationMethodologiesandActivityDataEmissionsSummarySECTION4_NON-ROADMOBILESOURCESEmissionEstimationMethodologies4-lEmissionsSummary4-2NONROADModelEquipment4-3Aircraft4-6Locomotives.............4-10CommercialMarineVessels...............4-12Pageiiil-lt-2l-21-31-41-53-13-13-45-25-25-3')')SECTION5_ON-ROADMOBILESOURCESDelaware-specificinputdatafor2011VehicleMilesTraveled(VMT)DataVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeVMTTemporalAllocations....VehiclePopulationsandAgeDistributionsVehicleSpeeds5-45-55-65-75-85-9InspectControlsionandMaintcnance(IiM)EmissionsfromNEIvl201IBASBYEARSIPErr¡rssloNslr.rvriN'LoRyrroRVOC,NO*,&COSECTION2Table2-12011Facility-levelEmissionsforNewCastleCounty.2-2Table2-22011Facility-levelEmissionsfirrSussexCounty.2-3SECTION3Table3-lNon-pointSourceCategoriesInventoriedSECTION1Tablel-1Table1-2TableI-3Table3-2Table3-3Table3-4SECTION4Table4-lTable4-2Table4-3'lable4-4Table4-5Table4-6Table4-7Table4-8'ïabIe4-9Table4-10Table4-11Table4-12Table4-13Table4-14Table4-15Table4-16Table4-17Table4-18Table4-19Table4-20Table4-21SECTION5Table5-1Table5-2LISTOF'TABLES2011DemographicDataforNewCastleandSussexCounties.2011NewCastleCountyEmissionsbySourceSector2011SussexCountyEmissionsbySourceSectorSummaryof2011Non-pointSourceActivityDataSutnrnaryof201INon-pointEmissionsforNewCastleCountySummaryof2011Non-pointEmissionsforSussexCounty201IDelaware-specificGeographicAllocationFactors2011NewCastleCountyEmissionsforNONROADEquipment2011SussexCountyESCCsforAircraftmissionsforNONROADEquipmentPage1-41-51-53-23-43-53-64-24-44-54-64-64-7Summaryof201INon-roadEmissionsforNewCastleCountySummaryof2011Non-roadEmissionsforSussexCounty4-3SCCsAddressedbytheNONROADModel4-4NONROADModelTemperatureandFuelCharacteristiclnputValuesbySeasonfor201I2011LTODataforNewCastleandSussexCounties2011AnnualEmissionsbyCountyforAircraftSCCsforLocomotives2011LocomotiveFuelConsumptionDatabyCountyforClassI[,ineHaulOperations.......4-112011SwitchyardActivityandEstirnatedFuelConsumption...........4-ll2011LocomotiveErnissionsbyCounty.........4-12U.S.EPAMarineEngineCategoryDefinitions......4-12SCCsfurCommercialMarineVessels.......4-13WaterwaySegmentDistancesfortheDelawareRiverArea....4-14VesselTypesCallingonDelawareRiverAreaPortsin201l.........4-15AveragePropulsionEnginePowerandthe2011NumberofCallsforOGVsCallingontheDelawareRiverArea(DE,NJ,andPA)......4-16MaterialDredgedinDelawareWaterduring20ll..4-182011CommercialMarineVesselEmissionsbyCounty.4-19SCCIncludedinOn-roadMobileInventory5-1NewCastleCountyVMTFractionsbyRoad'fype5-34-84-94-10lll2011BasnYEAIìSIPEMISSIoNsINvnNroRYF'oRVOC,NO*,&COTable5-3Table5-4Table5-5Table5-6TabIe5-7'Iable5-8Table5-9Table5-10Table5-11Table5-12Table5-13LISTOFTABLEScontinuedSussexCountyVMTFractionsbyRoadTypeNewCastleCountyVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeSussexCountyVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeMonthlyVMTAllocationFractionsforNewCastleCountyMonthlyVMTAllocationF'ractionsforSussexCounty2011VehiclePopulationsforNewCastleCounty2011VehiclePopulationsforSussexCounty.2011AverageSpeedMatrixNewCastleCountyI/MProgramParametersSussexCountyI/MPrograrnParameters2011AnnualandSSWDEmissionsforOn-roadMobileSourcesbyCounty5-35-3Page5-45-55-55-55-65-65-75-85-9iv201IBASEYu¡rnSIPEvISSIoNSìNVEN,I-oRYIìORVOC,NO*,&COSncrroN120llOzoNnINvnNroRyOvERvrEwANDSumnn,rRvIntroductionThisdocumentcontainsDelaware'sbaseyearemissioninventoryStateImplementationPlan(SIP)revisionunderthe8-hourozoneNationalAmbientAirQualityStandard(NAAQS)setforthbyUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)in2008.lìackgroundandRequirementsGround-levelozone,oneoftheprincipalcomponentsof"smog,"isaseriousairpollutantthatharmshumanhealthandtheenvironment.I{ighlevelsofozonecandamagetherespiratorysystemandcausebreathingproblems,throatirritation,coughing,chestpains,andgreatersusceptibilitytorespiratoryinfection.Highlevelsofozonealsocauseseriousdamagetoforestsandagriculturalcrops,resultingineconomiclossestologgingandfarmingoperations.InMarch2008,theEPArevisedthe19978-hourozoneNAAQSof0.08partspermillion(pp-)to0.075ppm(73FR16436).The2008ozonestandardof0.075ppmisexpectedtoprovidebetterprotectionsofpublichealthandenvironment.InafinalruleofMay2012,theEPAdesignated46arcasinthecountryasnonattainmentforthe2008ozonestandard.NewCastleCountyofDelawarewasdesignatedasnonattainmentasapartofthePhiladelphia-WilmingtonAtlanticCityMarginalNon-AttainmentAreaQ.{AA)(77FR30088).SincethismarginalNAAiscenteredbytheCityofPhiladelphia,itisoftenreferredtoas"thePhiladelphiaNAA."Inthesamefinalrule,SussexCountyofDelawarewasdesignatedasastand-alonenonattainmentarea,called"SeafordMarginalNAA,"andKentCountywasinattainment(77FR30088).TheEPAmadethedesignationsofthesethreecountiesbasedontheir2009-2010-201Idesignvalues,andtheeffectivedateofthedesignationswereJuly20,2012.Ozoneisgenerallynotdirectlyemittedtotheatmosphere.Itisformedintheatmospherebyphotochemicalreactionsamongvolatileorganiccompounds(VOC),oxidesofnitrogen(I.{Ox),andcarbonmonoxide(CO)inthepresenoeofsunlight.Tofacilitateplanning,Sections182(a)(1)and172(c)(3)oftheCAArequireallozonenon-attainmentareastoestablishacomprehensive,acculate,andcurrentinventoryofactualemissionsfromallsourcesoftherelevantpollutantorpollutantsintheareabyJuly20,20T4(i.e.,twoyealsafterdesignationasnonattainment).Delawarehaspreviouslybeendesignatednonattainmentflorozoneunderthe19901-hourand19978-hourozoneNAAQSs,andhasthereforebeensubjecttothisemissioninventoryrequirementsince1990.I)elawarehasdevelopedemissioninventoriesthatmeetthecriterionofCAA182(a)(1)andI72(c)(3)everythreeyearssince1990,andDelaware'slatestcomprehensive,accurateinventoryofactualemissionsfromallsourcesofVOC,NOxandCOintlreStatecoveredcalendaryear20II.ThepurposeofthisSIPrevisionistoestablishDelaware'scalendaryear2011emissionsinventory,describedinthisdocument,asitsbaseyearemissionsinventoryunderthe2008ozoneNAAQS.l-12011BnsnYIIARSIPEvlssloNslNVllN'l-oRYroR.VOC,NOx,&COResponsibilitiesTheagencywithdirectresponsibilityfordevelopingandsubmittingthisSIPdocumentisDelawareDepartmentofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalControl(DNIìEC),DivisionofAirQuality(DAQ),undertheDivisionDirector,AliMirzakhalili,P.8..TheworkingresponsibilityforDelaware'sairqualitySIPplanningfallswithinDAQ'sPlanningBranch,withBranchManagerRonaldA.Arnirikian.Davidlìees,P.8.,managingengineel,istheprincipalauthorofthisdocumetf.ProjectManagementTheEmissionlnventoryDevelopment(EID)PlogramwithinthePlanningBranchofDAQwasresponsibleforpreparingthe2011PeriodicErnissionInventory(PEI)forcriteliapollutantstoincludeemissionsofVOC,NO*andCOsummarizedinthisreport.InternalplanningbeganinSeptember2011,withfocusonthe2011pointsourceinventoryreportingcycletakingplaceinMarch/Aprilof2012.Theoverallprojectmanagerwasresponsibleftrridentifyingoverallinventorygoals,objectives,anddeadlines,initiatinginventoryplanning,approvingestimationmethodologiesrecomrnendedbystaffl,reviewingemissionsdevelopmentwotk,andpreparinginventoryreportsanddocumentation.PointSourcesPointsourcesstaffwasresponsiblelÌrrthefollowing:ldentifyingpointsourceinventorygoals,objectives,anddeadlines;Establishingtheuniverseoff,acilitiestoinventory;Overseeingthedevelopmentofthesurveyformsandinstructions;Providingtrainingandguidancetoindustryrepresentatives;Settinguptheon-lineelectronicreportingsystemandworkingwithDNREC'sOfficeofInformationTechnologyinpreparingtheon-linereportingcapabilities;Perforrningatechnicalreviewofemissionsdatasubmittedbyfacilities;Workingwithfacilityrepresentativestocorrecterrors;Managingthepointsourceinventorydatabase;andOverseeingqualitycontrolofpointsourcesdata.Non-pointandOff-roadSr¡urcesNon-pointandoff-roadsourcesstaffwasresponsibleforthefollowing:Iìesearchingandrecommendingemissionestimationmethodologies;Definingallsimpli$ingassumptions;Obtaining20Ilactivitydata,currentemissionfactors,andapplicablecontrolinformationUsingspreadsheetstocalculateemissions;aaaoaaooaaaaol-2201IBnsnYEanSIPEMrssroNSlNvnntoRvFoRVOC,NO*,&CO.DownloadingandusingtheEDMSmodelfordevelopingaircraftemissions;.DownloadingandusingtheNONROADmodel;oReviewingernissioncalculationsforaccuracyandcompleteness;.Preparingreportdocuments;and"Compilingsupportingdocumentation.On-roadMobileSourcesOn-roadmobilesourcesstaffwasresponsibleforthefollowing:.DownloadingtheMOVESmodel;.Obtaining2011vehiclemilestraveled(VMT),vehicleregistration,andothermobileinputdatafromtheDelawareDepartmentofTransportation;.Obtainingotherdataforinclusioninthemodelinputs;.PreparingtheinputfilesforrunningMOVES;oRunningMOVESandsummarizingthemodeloutputs;oReviewingemissionsforaccuracyandcornpleteness;.Preparingreportdocuments;and.Compilingsupportingdocumentation.AsisnotedinSection5ofthisreport,DAQisutilizingoutputfromEPA'sNationalEmissionInventory(NEI),version1,runoftheMOVESmodel.InventoryPlanningCalendaryear2011isaPEIyearasdefinedbytheAirEmissionsReportingRequirements(AERR).TheAERRspecifiestheemissionsdataforcriteriapollutantsthatarcrequiredtobereportedtoEPA'sNEI.APEIrequiresthedevelopmentofemissionestimatesfromallsourceswithinastateorlocalareaforallcriteriapollutantsandtheirprecursors.Assuch,the20llinventorycanprovidethenecessarydataforthe20088-hourozoneNAAQSbaseyearinventory.InventoryParametersTheinventoryparametersdefinedbythe2011OzoneBaseYearSIPinventoryincludethefollowing:oInventoryyear-201I;.Pollutants-VOC,NO*andCOasprecursorstoozone;.Sourcecoverage-allsources,includingpoint,non-point,mobile,andnon-roadsources;¡Spatialresolution-countylevelemissions;.Geographiccoverage-NewCastleCountyandSussexCounty;andoTemporalresolution-annualandsurnmerseasonweekdaydailyernissions.DalaCollectionandManagemenlForallsourcecategoriesthegathelingoflocalactivitydatarepresentedamajortaskspreadovermanymonths.I.-orpointsources,mostfacilitiesreportedtheiremissionsthroughtheuseofthe1-3201IBASpYEAIìSIPEMrssloNSINVIINToRYFolìVOC,NO*,&COStateandLocalEmissionInventorySystem(SLEIS)on-linerepoltingsystem.Dataenteredintotheon-linesystemweretransíèrredtoaDAQdatabaseforreviewandcorrection.MicrosoftExcel@spreadsheetswereemployedformanagingaotivitydataandcalculatingemissionsfromstationarynon-pointsourcesandsomenon-roadcategories.Aconsistentsetoftabswithineachsourcecategoryspreadsheetincludedactivitydata,pointsourcedata(ifapplicable,forbackouts),emissionfactors,conlrols,emissioncalculations,NEIinputformats,andnotesonQA/QCprocedures.Emissionsformostofthenon-r'oadvehiclesandequipmentcategorieswerecalculatedusingtheNONROAD2OO8amodel.Aircraftengineemissionsforlandingandtake-offsatairportsinDelawarewerecalculatedusingtheþ-ederalAviationAdministration'sEmissionsandDispersionModelingSystem(EDMS),Version5.I.4.1.EmissionsdataweretransferredfrornSLEIS(pointsources),fromthenon-pointandnon-roadspreadsheets,andfromthemodeloutputstostagingtablesinMicrosoftAccessodatabases.ThesedatabaseswerethenconveltedtoXMLfilesviatheEISbridgetool,andthentransmittedtotheEISviaCDXwebclientbyDecember31,2012tomeetthereportinglequirementsoftheAERR.InventoryDevelopmentForpointsources,DAQdevelopedasetofcriteriatouseinestablishingtheuniverseoffacilitiesrequiredtoreport.Thesecriteriaarepresentedinthepointsourcesectionofthisreporl.Reportingpackagesweresenttoeachfacilitymeetingoneormoreofthereportingcriteria.Anextensivearnountofreviewandfollowupwasperformedonthepointsourcedatasubmittedbyfucilities.Fornon-pointsources,thefirstmaintaskinvolvedgatheringactivitydataforeachsourcecategory.Inmanycases,thesedatawereobtainedfrornDelawale-specificsources.Insomecasestheactivitydataweredevelopedthroughtheallocationofaportionofanationalactivitydataset(i.e.,nationaloff-roadequipmentpopulations)toDelaware.BasicdemographicdatawerealsousedforsomesourcecategoriesandarepresentedinTable1-1.Onceactivitydatawereobtained,spreadsheetsweredevelopedtornanagethedataandcombinetheactivitydatawiththeselectedemissionfactorstoobtainuncontrolledemissions.Irinally,forthosesourceswherecontrolsapplied,emissionswereadjustedtoaccountforcontrolefficiency,ruleeffectiveness,andrulepenetrationTable1-1.2011Demograph¡cDataforNewCastleandSussexGountiesDemoqraphicParameterNewCastleSussexPooulation544.325200,771Households205,50080,638LandArea(squaremiles)439950AnnualVMT(millionmiles)5.2012,224Foron-roadmobileandoff-roadequipment,theMOVESandNONROADmodels,respectively,wereusedtodevelopemissionsfromthesesources.Intheuseofthesemodels,activitydataweret-42011BnsnYLIARSIPEMrssroNsINvnNloRyFoRVOC,NOx,&"COincludedinthemodelinputfiles.ForanytypeofdatausedbythemodelforwhichDelawarespecificdatadidnotexist,themodelusedthesystemdefaults.DetailsaboutDelaware-specificanddefaultparametersarediscussedintheon-roadandnon-roadsections.Themodelsaccountforcontrols,someofwhichreflectcontrolsspecifictoDelaware.EmissionsSummaryThefollowingemissionsummariespresenttheentire2011emissioninventoryforVOC,NO*,andCOforNewCastleCountyandSussexCountybrokendownbysourcesector.'l-hroughoutthisdocument,annualemissionsarereportedintonsperyear(TPY)andsummerseasonweekdaydailyemissionsintonsperday(TPD).Thetotalsmaynotmatchthesumoftheindividualvaluesduetoindependentrounding.Table1-2.2011NewGastleCountyEmissionsbySourceSectorSourceSectorAnnuallTPYlSSWD(TPD}vocNO"covocNO"coPoint8192.7503,6492.9712.0212.32Non-point4,8821,3243,425'11.392.112.24On-road3.2857.49537.4898.8520.6591.58Non-road1,9893.57720,6887.04111979.33AllSectors10.9751s.14665,25130.2545.97185.47Table1-3.2011SussexCountyEmissionsbySourceSectorSourceSectorAnnualfTPYlSSWD(TPD)vocNO.coVOGNO"coPoint8152.4564424.9412.101.60Non-point2,1774782.4635.950.862.05On-road2,9744,70228.3238.8614.8778.67Non-road2,5583.04516.9178.4710.0260,50AllSectors8.52410.68148,',|4528.2237.85142.82t-52011BASHYp¡nSIPEMrsstoNSlNVltNl'oRYl.oRVOC,NOx,&COSncrro¡12Sr¿.uoNanvPorNrSouncnsThepointsourceinventoryrepresentsfacility-specificdataforlargerstationarysources.Emissionsdataforallothersourcecategoriesarereportedatthecountylevel.Pointsourcestypicallyincludelargeindustrial,commercialandinstitutionalfacilities.Manufacturingfacilities,withintheindustrialsector,comprisethemajorityofallreportingpointsources.Theinstitutionalsectorincludeshospitals,universities,prisons,militarybases,landfills,andwastewatertreatmentplants.ljnlikeothersouroesectoremissionswhichareestimatedbyDAQ,pointsourceemissionsdataaresubmittedtoDAQbythefacilities.Emissionsarereportedattheplocesslevelandincludebothconfined(stack)emissionpointsaswellasunconfined(fugitive)emissionsources.Akeyaspectofpointsourcedataistheinclusionoffacilitycoordinatestoaccuratelyallocateemissionsspatiallywithinacountyforpurposesofperfbrmingairdispersionmodeling.Theplanningandexecutionofthepointsourceinveutorywasaccolnplishedinthefollowingchronologicalordet':oEstablishthereportingcriteriaandlistoffacilitiestosurvey;oObtaininventorydatafromfacilities;.Performadministrativeandtechnicalreviewofdatareceivedfi'omfacilities;.Seekresubmissions/correctionsfromfacilitiesbasedondatareview;.Performinternaldatamanipulation(i.e.,applyruleeffectiveness,relnovenon-reactiveVOCs,createsulnmerseasonweekdayemissionvalues);and.Prepareinventorydatahles,report,andsupportingdocumentation.Sincetheremaybeoverlapbetweenpointsourcesandstationarynon-pointsourcecategories,onefinalactivityrequiredofthepointsourceinventorystaffistoprovidepointsourcebackoutdatawhereappropriate.Pointsourcebackoutdataincludesemissions,throughput,oremployees,dependingonthenon-pointsourcecategoryrnethodology.Thefollowingcriteriawereestablishedfordefiningtheuniverseoffacilitiestobesurveyedfor20rl:oFacilitiesthathelda'l'itleVpermitin20Il;oAnyfacilitywithemissionsgreatelthan5TPYforVOCsor25TPYforNO*in2008,2009or2010,aspreviouslyreportedtotheDAQinventoryprograrn;and.AnyfacilitythatrnaybeasignificantsourceofernissionsbutforwhichDAQdoesnothavepteviousinventorydata,orotherwiseofparticularinterest.Basedonthesecriteria,72lacllitiesstatewidereportedairemissionsdatafor2011.SinceonlyNewCastleandSussexCountieshavebeendesignatedwithinamarginalnon-attainmentareaforthe20088-hourozonestandard,atotalof57facilitieswillbepresentedinthisreport.2-1201IBASEYEARSIPEMISSTONSINvnNL'onv¡oRVOC,NOx,&COEmissionsSummaryTable2-1.2011Facility-LevelEmissionsforNewCastleCountyFacilitvNamevocNO*coTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDA.l.DuPontHospital10.0160.101o.o2AirLiquide-DelawareCitv<1<0.0100<1<0.01AmtrakMaintenanceFacilitv2<0.014030AshlandResearchCenter(Hercules)1<0.0120.0140.02AstrazenecaPharmaceuticals1<0.0170.047o.o2BASF(CibaSoecialtvChemicals)240.07110.03240.06Calpine-Christiana(Conectiv)<1<0.0110.42<10.01Caloine-DelawareCitv(Conectiv)<1<0.01<10.06<1<0.01Calpine-EdqeMoor(Conectiv)250.213461.741100.43Caloine-HavRoadlConectiv)330.126022191670.61Calpine-WestSubstation(Conectiv)<1<0.01<10.20<10.01ChristianaHospital1<0.0'1140,'13110.05CleanEarthofNewCastle30.03200.1440.03Croda(Uniqema)40.01240.09260.08DassaultFalconJet140.031<0011<0.01DelawareCitvRefinerv(Premcor)3031.221.0724.516172.14DelawareCitvTerminallPremcor)180.05<1<0.01<1<0.01Del.CorrectionalCenter-Smvrna<1<0.0150.0170.02DiamondMaterials30.0340.05130.13DSWACherrvlslandLandfill7o.o210.0230.05DuPont-ChestnutRun30.02480.1550.01DuPont-EdoeMooroo0.29270.082.0515.97DuPont-RedLion20.01230.1040.02DuPontBuildino-Wilminoton<,1<0.0160,0650.03DuPontExperimentalStationB0.051800.76170.09DuPontStine-HaskellLab30.02I0.13100.05E-A-RSoecialtvComposites20.01<1<0.0'1<1<0.01EvrazClavmontSteel690.201660,493461.03Fisker(GeneralMotors)1<0.01110.03I0.02FMC30.01310.08260.06FormosaPlastics590,16320.10220.05FPlnternational20.011<0.011<0.01JohnsonControlsBatterv<1<0.013<0.012<0.01KuehneChemical<1<0.012<0.011<0,0'1MacDermid1<0.01<1<001<1<0.01MaqellanTerminals390.102<0.01I<0.01Micropore30.010000Prinfnack440.1330.0130.01Rohm&HaasElectronicMaterials70.0340.025o.o2Sunoco460.10540.141110.'10UniversitvofDelaware-Newark4<0.01200.03260.06VeteransAdministrationHospital<1<0.0140.0630.02WilminotonWWTP1<0.0140.0140.01NewCastleCountvTotal8192.972.75012.023.64912.32a.l201IBASEYEARSIPEvrsslctNsINvliN'l'oRYlìoRVOC,NO*,&COTable2-2.2011Facility-LevelEmissionsforSussexCountyFacilitvNamevocNO,coTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDAllenharimlAllenFamilvFoods)<102020AmickFarms(Allen'sMillinq)<1<0.0140.0530.02DSWASouthernLandfill110.03400.132330.61lnvista70.0220.09100.06JustinTanks6o.o20000MountaireFarms-Millsboro1<0.0140.0290.02MountaireFarms-Selbyville<1<0.01170.0520.01Multi-TechI0,040000NRGlndianRiverPowerPlant170.092.35211.681710.84OSGShipManaqement(Maritrans)7644.730000PerdueFarms-Bridqeville<1<0.0150.0240.01PerdueFarms-Georqetown<1<001I0.0250.01PerdueFarmsAqrirecvcle<1<0.0'1160.03<1<0.01PinnacleFoods1<0.0150.023o.o2SussexCountvTotal8154_942.45612.104421.60L-)2011BnsnYEArì.SIPErr¡rssroNsINVBNloRyrroRVOC,NO*,&COSncrron3SrarroNnnvNoN-PorNTSouncrsStationarynon-pointsourcesrepresentalargeanddiversesetofindividualemissionsourcecategories.Anon-pointsourcecategoryiseitherrepresentedbysrnallfacilitiestoonuneroustoindividuallyinventory,suchascornrnercialcookingatrestaurantsandfuelcotnbustionatavarietyofsmallbusinesses,orisacornlnonactivity,suchasresidentialopenburning.Emissionsfromthenon-pointsourcecategorieswereestimatedatthecountylevel.SourceCategoriesThereareanumberofnon-pointsourcecategorieswhichcontributeemissionsofozoneprecursors.Thesecategoriescanbegroupedintoseveralcategorytypes.Theseinclude:oSolventUse-ManyproductsusedbyhomeownersandbusinessescontainVOCsolventstoachievetheintendedpurposeoftheproduct.Paints,cleaners,pesticides,personalcareproducts,andinksareafewexamplesofproductsthatcontainVOCsolvents.GasolineUsage-ThedistributionanduseofgasolineinvehiclesandothergasolinepoweredenginesresultinemissionsofVOCswheneverthevolatilegasolinevaporsareallowedtoescape.FuelCombustion-Thecombustionoffuelsinindustrial,commercial,institutional,andresidentialfurnaces,engines,boilers,woodstoves,andfireplacescreateemissionsofVOCs,NO*andCO.oOpenBurning-OpenburningcreatesemissionsofVOCs,NO*andCO.Openburningcategoriesincludetrashburning,prescribedburning,burningoflandclearingdebris,wildfires,andhouseandvehiclefires.Individualfacilitiesaretypicallygroupedwithotherlikesourcesintoasourcecategory.Sourcecategoriesaregroupedinsuchawaythatemissionsareestimatedcollectivelyusingonemethodology.Forthe201Iinventory,thedistinctionbetweenpointandnon-pointwasdefinedbyanannualemissionthresholdbasedonrecentpointsourcedata(seeSection2forpointsourcecriteria).Table3-1liststhesourcecategoriesforwhichVOCs,NO*andCOforNewCastleandSussexCountieswereestimated.EmissionEstimationMethodologiesandActivityData1'he2008DelawarePeriodicl}nissionInverrtoryservedasthestartingpointfornon-pointsourcecategoryselectionandmethodologydevelopment.Newmethodswereappliedtosomeexistingsourcecategories,andemissionfactorswereupdatedwhereavailable.Newmethodsandemissioufactorscameprimarilyfi'omcurrentEmissionInventoryImprovemenlProgram,VolumeIIIdocumentsanddocumentedprojectsperformedbytheCaliforniaAirResourceBoard(CARB).OthersourcesofinformationincludedtheCorytilatbnofAirPollutantEmissionFactors,VolumeI3-l201IBASìIYsanSIPEMISSIoNSINVENI'oRYItroRVOC,NO",&CO(AP-42),theF'actorInformationRetrieval.System(FIRE),andseveralprojectsperfonnedbytheMid-AtlarficRegionalAirManagemerfAssociation(MARAMA),theEasternRegionalTechnicalAdvisoryCommittee(ERTAC)andIIPA.Table3-1.Non-po¡ntSourceCategorieslnventoriedVOCEmissionsOnlvEmissionsofVOC,NO*,andCOAqriculturalPesticidesAoriculturalBurninqAIMCoatinosCommercialCookinqAsphaltPavinqCommercialFuelCombustionAutobodvRefinishinqlndustrialFuelCombustionCommercial&ConsumerProductsLandClearinqDebrisBurninqDeoreasinqPrescribedBurninqDrvCleaninoResidentialFuelCombustionGasoline(Petroleum)MarketinqResidentialOpenBurninqGraohicArtsResidentialWoodCombustionlndustrialAdhesivesStructureFireslndustrialSurfaceCoatinqsVehicleFiresTrafficMarkinosWildfiresErnissionsfi'ommostnon-pointsourcecategorieswereestimatedbyrnultiplyinganindicatorofcollectiveactivitybyacorrespondingemissionfactor.Anindicatorisanyparameterassociatedwiththeactivitylevelofasource,suchasproduction,employrnent,fuelusage,orpopulationthatcanbecorrelatedwiththeemissionsfromthatsource.Thecorrespondingemissionfäctorsareperunitofproduction,peremployee,perunitofcommodityconsumed,orpel'capita,respectively.Thebasicequationthatwasappliedtoemissiondevelopmentformostnon-pointsourcecategoriesisasfollows:Emissions(E):ActivityData(Q)x,EmissktnFactor(EÞ)lfasourcecategoryhadaregulatorycontrolplacedonitattheFederalorStatelevel,theequationexpandstothefollowing:EQxEFxtt-(cE)(ItE)(RP)lwhere:CE:controlefficiencyRE,:ruleeffectivenessRP:rulepenetrationThecontrolefficiency(CE)representsthetypicalemissionsreductionachievedascomparedtotheotherwiseuncontrolledemissions.Acontrolmaybeapieceofequipment,suchasacondenserusedtorecovervaporizedsolvent,oritmaybeanoperationalcontrol,suchastheuseofonlylowVOCcontentpaints.3-22011B,,\SEYEAIìSIPEIT¡ISSIONSINVENTORYFORVOC,NO*,&CORuleeffectiveness(RE)reflectstheabilityoftheregulatoryprogramtoachieveallemissionsreductionsthatcouldhavebeenachievedbyfullcompliancewiththeapplicableregulationsatallsourcesatalltimes.Ifaruleisnotbeingfollowedbyalloftheregulatedcommunity,thenemissionswillbehigherthanwouldotherwisebeiftherewas100%compliance.Asanexample,whiletheburningoftrashisillegalunderanycircumstancesinDelawale,thepracticeofbuminghouseholdtrashinbackyardburnbarrelsstilltakesplaceinmallyruralareasoftheState.Rulepenetration(RP)representsthepercentofsourceswithinasourcecategorythataresubjecttotherulethatrequirescontrol.Asanexample,gasstationsthatdispensemol'ethan10,000gallonsofgasolineinamontharerequiredbyDelawareregulationstoplacevaporrecoverysystemsontheirgaspumps.Thosedispensinglessthan10,000gallonsarenotrequiredtoinstallcontrols.Therefbre,RPislessthan100%.Inthecaseoftheburningoftrashorleaves,nopersotlorbusinessisexempt,andthusRPis100%.Themassbalanceapproachwasusedforseveralsourcecategoriesasanalternativetotheuseofanemissionfactor.ThemassbalanceapploachisapplicabletoVOCsourcecategorieswherealloftheVOCcontentintheproductsused(i.e.,paintsandadhesives)evaporatesandisemittedasaresultofthenormaluseoftheproduct.Rawmaterialorproductpurchaserecordswereusedtoquantifyemissions.EmissionswereequatedtotheVOCcontentofthematerialusageminusamountsleavingthesiteasorinwaste.Arnajorportionoftheworkinvolvedincreatingthe2011non-poirrtsourceinventorywasincollectingactivitydataforeachsourcecategory.Theactivitydatagatheredwasrelatedtothetypeofemissionfactorsavailableand,inmanycases,obtainedfromlocalsources.Surveys,letters,emails,andphonecallstoindividualbusinessestoobtainrepresentativedataforasourcecategorywasatechniqueusedforseveralsourcecategories.Thetypeofactivitydataandthedatasourceforeachcategoryisprovidedinl'able3-2.Pointsourcebackoutwasperformedfortheindustrialandcommercialfuelcombustioncategoriesandmanyofthesolventusagecategoriestoavoiddoublecountingofemissionsbetweenpointandnon-pointsouÍces.PointsourcefuelusagewasbackedoutfromfuelconsumptiondataobtainedfiomtheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy's(DOE)EnergyInformationAdministration(EIA).PointsourceernploymentwasbackedoutfiomemploymentdataobtainedfromtheDelawareDepartmentofLabor.Non-reactiveVOCswereexcludedfromemissionestimates.EmissionfactorsspecifiedasnonmethaneorganiccarbonG\IMOC)inAP-42wereusedwhenavailable.Insomeinstances,theAP42ernissionfactorwasintermsoftotalorganiccarbon(TOC)andthepercentageofthemethanecomponentwasindicatedinafootnote.Inthesecases,theemissionfactorwasreducedbythepercentageofmethanetoremovethenon-reactivemethanecomponerltintheemissiontotal.þ-orexample,fiotevaporativeemissionsfiomcrudeoil,themethanecomponentwas15percent.Theemissionfactorwasreducedby15percenttoremovemethanefromthecalculation.Sourceactivitymayfluctuatesignificantlyonaseasonalbasis.Asanexample,residentialwoodcombustionisprimarilyperftrrmedoutsidethesummerseason.Paintusage,ontheotherhand,isusedmoreofteninthewarmermonthsoftheyear.Becausenon-pointsourceemissionsaregenerallyadirectfunctionofsourceactivity,seasonalchangesinactivitylevelswereexamined-1--)2011BASEYEARSIPI]MISSIONSINVIJN,IORYFoRVOC,NOx,&COclosely.Ernissionswerecalculatedonanannualbasis.Summerseasonweekday(SSWD)dailyemissionsweredevelopedthroughtheuseofatemporalallocationfüctor(TAF)appliedtotheannualemissions.MonthlyandweeklyprofileswereusedtodeveloptheTAF.Thernonthlyprofileforeachsourcecategorywasdevelopedthroughtheuseofrnonthlyactivitydata,whenavailable,orthroughEPAguidance(Procedures,VolumeIandEIIPdocuments.)MostweeklyprofìlesweredevelopedthroughEPAguidancewhichdefinesactivitytakingplacefive,six,otsevendaysperweek.ThroughEPAguidance,allTAFsincludetheworkweek.AfewTAFsweredevelopedbasedontheexactdatesofepisodicactivity,suchasfir'efiglrtingtrainingburnsandwildfires.Table3-2.Summaryo12011Non-pointSourceActivityDataflmissionsSummaryTables3-3and3-4providecountysummariesofthe2011annual(tonsperyear,TPY)andSSWD(tonsperday,TPD)emissionsforeachnon-pointsourcecategoryforNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty,respectively.Thetotalsmaynotmatchthesumoftheindividualvaluesduetoindependentrounding.3-4SourceGateqorvActivitvDataSourceofActivitvDataAqriculturalBurninqAcreaoeandveoetationtvoeDAQAreaSourceComplianceProgramAqriculturalPesticidesPlantedcropacreaqeDelawareDepartmentofAgricultureAIMCoatinqsSolventsinU.S.paintshipments;U.S.PopulationU.S.CensusBureauAsphaltPavinoCutbackandemulsifiedasphaltUSAOeDelawareDepartmentofTransportationAutobodvRefinishinoEmolovmentdataDelawareDeoartmentofLaborCommercial&ConsumerProductsPopulationDelawarePopulationConsortiumCommercialCookinqPopulationDelawarePopulationConsortiumCommercialFuelCombustionFuelconsumptionDOEEnerovlnformationAdmin.DeoreasinoEmolovmentdataDelawareDepartmentofLaborDrvCleaninqFacilitv-levelsolventusaqeDAQAreaSourceComplianceProgramGasoline(Petroleum)MarketinqGasolinefuelsales;VMTthroughuseofMOVES(Stage2);emolovmentdata(comm.PFCs)FHWAMotorFuelTaxAdministration;DeIDOT(VMT);DelawareDepartmentofLabor(employmentdata)GraphicArtsEmolovmentdataDelawareDepartmentofLaborlndustrialAdhesivesPopulationDelawarePooulationConsortiumlndustrialFuelCombustionFuelconsumotionDOEEnerovlnformationAdmin.IndustrialSurfaceCoatinqsEmolovmentdataDelawareDepartmentofLaborLandClearinoDebrisBurninqAcreagedisturbedduringroad,commercial,andresidentialconstructionDAQdatacalculatedfortheconstructiondustcateqoriesPrescribedBurninoAcreaoeandveqetationtvpeDAQAreaSourceComplianceProqramResidentialFuelCombustionFuelconsumotionDOEEnerqvlnformationAdmin.ResidentialOoenBurninqRuralhouseholdsU.S.CensusBureauResidentialWoodCombustionOccupiedhouseholdsDelawarePopulationConsortiumStructureFiresNumberofstructuresfiresDelawareFireMarshalandDAQAreaSourceComplianceProqramTrafficMarkinosU.S.paintshipments;U.S.andStatepublicroadmilesU.S.CensusBureau;FHWAhighwaystatisticsoublicationVehicleFiresNumberofvehiclefiresDelawareFireMarshalWildflresAcreaoeandveoetationtvoeDelawareDivisionofForestry2011BzrsnYE^RSIPEtr¡lsstoNsINVIINTORYFollVOC,NO*,&COTable3-3.Summaryof2011Non-pointEmissionsforNewCastleGountySourceCateqoriesvocNOxcoTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDSOLVENTUSEAqriculturalPesticides1140.36AIMCoatinqs6022.26AsohaltPavino<1<0.01AutoRefinishino2601.00Commercial&ConsumerProducts1,2453.53DrvCleaninq<1<0.01GraphicArts570.21lndustrialAdhesives&Sealants1270.39lndustrialSurfaceCoatinq910.35SolventCleaninq1910.68TrafficMarkinqs60.06SolventUseTotal2.6928.85GASOLINEMARKETINGRetailGasolineSfafionsTankTruckUnloadinq(Staqe11190.41RefuelinoandPFCFillino(Staoe2)1020.33UnderqroundTankBreathinq810.24TankTrucksinTransit7o.o2OtherGasolineMa¡ketinqActivitiesAircraftRefuelinq230.07Marinas180.06PortableFuelContainers2410.83CMVLoadinqandTransport1210.33GasolineMarketinqTotal7122.29FUELCOMBUSTIONCommercial/lnstitutional180.033320.602700.50lndustrial210.063841.203170.99ResidentialFossilFuel2780.025250.302150.13ResidentialWood6330.07600.0135720.43FuelCombustionTotal6990.19'1.3022.',114,3742.05OPENBURNINGAoriculturalBurninq000000ResidentialOpenBurninq1<0.01<1<0.01110.01LandClearinoDebrisBurnino000000PrescribedBurnino150703250StructureFires30.01<1<0,01140.03VehicleFires1<0.01<1<0.0140.01Wildfires000000OoenBurninqTotal200.0rI<0.013530.05MISCELLANEOUSSOURCESCommercialCookino200.0552o.14NON-POINTSECTORTOTAL4.88211.391.3242.113,4252.243-52011B,ASEYn¡nSIPEMISSIONSlNvnNlonvFolìVOC,NO*,&COTable3-4.Summaryof2011Non-pointEmissionsforSussexGountySourceGateqoriesvocNOxcoTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDSOLVENTUSEAoriculturalPesticides4711.40AIMCoatinos2220.83AsohaltPavino10.01AutoRefìnishinq440.17Commercial&ConsumerProducts4591.30DrvCleanino1<0.01GraphicArts140.05lndustrialAdhesives&Sealants400.12lndustrialSurfaceCoatinq45o.17SolventCleanino85o.32TrafficMarkinqs60.06SolventUseTotalI,3884.45GASOLINEMARKETINGRetailGasolineSfaflonsTankTruckUnloadino(Staqe'l730.25RefuelinqandPFCFillinq(Staqe2)70o.23UnderoroundTankBreathinq47o.14TankTrucksinTransit40.01OtherGasolineMa¡ketinqActivitiesAircraftRefuelinq90.03Marinas530.17PortableFuelContainers93o.32CMVLoadinoandTranspotl660.18GasolineMarketinqTotal4151.34FUELCOMBUSTIONCommercial/lnstitutional3<0.01670.'104450.07lndustrial100.03180o.57149o.47ResidentialFossilFuel80.01191o.17950.09ResidentialWood3180.0627<0.0117550.31FuelCombustionTotal3380.104660.842,0430.94OPENBURNINGAoriculturalBurnino4020640ResidentialOpenBurninq60.013<0.01500.05LandClearinqDebrisBurninq50.0120.01750.21PrescribedBurnino4020940StructureFires3<0.01<1<0.01150.02VehicleFires<1<0.01<1<0.01I<0.01Wildfìres50.0420.02102o.77OoenBurninoTotal280.06110.034011.06MISCELLANEOUSSOURCESCommercialCookino70.01190.05NON-POINTSECTORTOTAL2.1775.954780_862,4632.053-6201IB,ASEYE¡,RSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYIìORVOC.NO*,&COSncrroN4NoN-RonuMosrl-nSouncnsNon-roadrnobilesourcesrepresetfalargeandequipment.ErnissionestimatesofVOCs,NO*emissionsfromenginefuelcombustion.Non-roadvehiclesandequipmentaregroupeddevelopingemissionestimates.Theseinclude:diversesetofoff-roadvehiclesandnon-stationaryandCOforthissourcesectoraccountforexhaustintofoursourcecategorytypesforthepurposeofAircraft-Commercial,military,andprivateaircraflareconsideredunderthissourcecategory.Locomotives-Commerciallinehaulandyardlocomotivesareconsideredunderthissourcecategory.CommercialMarineVessels(CMVs)-VarioustypesofvesselsthatnavigatetheDelawareBayandRiverandtheChesapeakeandDelawareCanalareincludedunderthissourcecategory.Recreationalboatsareincludedinthenextcategory.OtherOff-roadVehiclesandEquipment-Allotheroff-roademissionsourcesareaccountedforthroughtheuseofEPA'sNONROADmodel.TheNONROADmodelcompilesoff-roadequipmentpertinenttoDelawareintothefollowingsubcategories:oRecreational(land-based);oConstruction;oIndustrial;oLawnandGarden;oAgricultural;oComrnercial;oLogging;oAirportGroundSupport;oRecreationalMarine;andoRailwayMaintenance.IndividualequipmentSCCscoveredintheNONROADmodelarefurtherbrokendownbythefueltype,including2-strokegasoline,4-strokegasoline,diesel,liquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG),andcompressednaturalgas(CNG).EmissionEstimationMethodologiesThe2008DelawarePeriodicErnissionInventoryservedasthestartingpointfornon-roadsourcecategoryselectionandrnethodologydevelopment.Nonewsourceswereaddedtof)elaware'soffroadmobilesourceinventory.However,anewversionoftheFederalAviationAdministration's(FAA)EmissionsandDispersionModelingSystem(EDMS)wereusedfor2011.4-12011BASriYpanSIPEMISSIoNSINVENI-oRYIìoRVOC,NO*,&COSimilartotheestimationofstalionarynon-pointemissions,off-r'oadequiprnentemissionswereestirnatedbymultiplyinganindicatorofcollectiveactivitywithintheinventoryareaforasourcecategorybyacorrespon<lingemissionfactor.Theindicatorsofactivityforoff-roadsourcesincludelandingandtake-ofß(LTOs),vesselport-of-calls,time-in-mode(TlMs,whicharepetlinenttoaircr:aflandCMVs),grosstonrniles(locomotives),equipmentpopulationsandeconomicactivity(bothperlinenttoNONROADequipment)thatcanbeconelatedwiththeemissionsfiomthatsouïce.Thecorrespondingemissionfactolsareamountofpollutant(eithergramsorpounds)perunitoffuelused(locomotivesandmilitary/commercialaircraft),perLTO(airtaxiandgeneralaviation)orperunitofpoweroutputinbrakehorsepowerorkilowall-hours(NIONROADequipmentandCMVs,respectively).Amajorporlionoftheworkinvolvedincreatingthe2011non-roadsourceinventorywasincollectingactivitydatafioreachsourcecategory.Theactivitydatagatheredwasrelatedtothetypeofemissionfactorsavailableand,inlnanycases,obtainedfromlocalsources.Moreinformationaboutgathelingactivitydataforeachsourcecategoryispresentedbelow.I'herearenopointsourcedatathatmustbebackedoutofthenon-roadrnobilesourcesector.Eventhoughlargerairportsmayreportasapointsource,theirreporledpointsourceemissionsdonotincludegroundsupporlequipmentoraircraftengine'emissions.Also,aircrafternissionsareestimatedonlyforLTOsthattakeplaceataDelawareairporl.EmissionsfromaircraftthattransitDelawareairspacearenotincludedinDelaware'sinventory.EmissionsSummaryTables4-1and4-2providecountysummariesofthe2011annual(tonsperyeal,TPY)andSSWD(tonsperday,TPD)emissionsforaircraft,locomotives,commercialmarinevessels,andallequiprnentemissionsestimatedusingEPA'sNONROADrnodel.Thenon-roadsectorisasignificantcontributortoozoneprecursorsinDelaware.Tabfe4-1.Summaryo12011Non-roadEmissionsforNewCastleCountySourceGateqoriesvocNOxGOTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDNONROADModelEquipment1,8886.761.7606.2319,84976.90Aircraft310.09560.136301.86Locomotives190.052330.64480.13CommercialMarineVessels510.141.5284.191610.44NEWCASTLECOUNTYTOTAL1.9897.043.57711.1920.68879.334-2201IBASEYBARSIPEMISSIONSINVtjNToRYIloRVOC,NO".&COTable4-2.Summaryof2011Non-roadEmissionsforSussexCountySourceCateqoriesvocNO"coTPYTPDTPYTPDTPYTPDNONROADModelEouioment2,5078.341.7386.3416.53159.38AircraftI0.021<0.012590.78Locomotives2<0.01210.0650.01CommercialMarineVessels410.111,2853.621220.33SUSSEXCOUNTYTOTAL2,5588.473.04510.o216.91760.50NONROADModelEquipmentDAQusedNONROAD2OO8atodevelop2011annualemissionestimatesforNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty.MostequipmentcoveredbytheNONROADmodelispoweredbydieselfueledcompression-ignitionenginesorgasoline-fueledspark-ignitionengines.Enginesfueledbycompressednaturalgas(CNG)andliquefiedpetroleumgas(LPG)enginesarealsoincludedintheNONROADmodel.T'able4-3listsgeneralSCCsaddressedbytheNONROADmodel.Equipmentcategoriesaredefinedatthe7-digitSCClevel(withrecreationalmarineandrailwaymaintenancebeingexceptions)andspecif,rcequipmentaredefinedatthe1O-digitSCClevel.Toestimatepollutantemissions,theNONROADmodelrnultipliesequipmentpopulationsandtheirassociatedactivitybytheappropriateemissionfäctors.Geographicallocationfactors(GAFs)areusedtodistributenationalequipmentpopulationstostates/counties.Thesefactorsarebasedonsurrogateindicatorsofequipmentpopulations.Forexample,harvestedcroplandisthesunogateindicatorusedinallocatingagriculturalequipment.Anationalaverageengineactivity(i.e.,loadfactortimesannualhoursofuse)isusedinNONROAD.Toimprovetheaccuracyofthemodelruns,defaultinputswerereplacedintheNONROADmodeloptionfilesforselectparameters.Intheoptionspacket,inputsthatcanbereplacedinclude:Reidvaporpressure(RVP),temperature,oxygenatedfuelweightpercent,andfuelsulfurlevels.Localactivitydatainputs,suchasequipmentpopulationsoractivity(e.g.,hoursofuseorloadfactors),canalsoreplacedefaultvaluesinthemodel.NONROADmodeloptionfileswerepreparedtoaccountfortemperaturesandfuelcharacteristicsrepresentativeofeachcountyforeachofthefburseasons(winter,spring,summer,andfall).Temperatureandfuelinputvaluesforeachthree-monthperiod(Decemberlìebruary,March-May,June-August,andSepternber-November)wereaveragedtoestimateseasonalvalues.Minimum,maximum,andaveragetemperaturespermonthwereobtainedfi'orntheNationalWeatherServicefortheNewCastleCountyAirporlandtheGeorgetownAirport.Table4-4presentsasummaryofcountytemperatureandgasolinefuelcharacteristicsdatausedforeachseason.Asulfurcontentof15ppmforoff-roaddieselfuelwasusedfor2011basedonEPArequirements.4-3201IB¡srYEARSIPEMISSIONslNvt:NTclnvronVOC,NO*,&CONonroadSCGsSCCDescriotionsNonroadSCGsSCCDescriptions2260xxxxxx2260001xxx226O0}2xxx2260003xxx226O004xxx2260005xxx2260006xxx2260007xxx2265xxxxxx2265001xxx2265OOZxxx2265003xxx226500Axxx22ô5005xxx2265006xxx2265007xxx2265008xxx226501xxxx2267xxxxxx2267O}1xxx2267OoZxxx2267003xxx2267004xxx2267}O5xxx2267006xxx22670]Bxxx2-strokegasolineengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequipment-industrialequipment-lawn&gardenequipment-agriculturalequipment-lightcommercialequipment-loggingequipment4-strokegasolineengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequipment-industrialequipment-Iawn&gardenequipment-agriculturalequipment-lightcommercialequipment-loggingequipment-airportserviceequipment-oilfieldequipmentLPGengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequipment-industrialequipment-lawn&gardenequipment-agriculturalequipment-lightcommercialequipment-airportserviceequipment2268xxxxxx22680O2xxx2268003xxx2268005xxx2268006xxx22680'lxxxx22TOxxxxxx2270001xxx2270O02xxx2270003xxx227OOÙ4xxx227OO05xxx227OOOâxxx2270Û07xxx22TOOOBxxx2270009xxx227001xxxx2282xxxxxx2285xxx015CNGengines-constructionequiPment-industrialequipment-agriculturalequipment-lightcommercialequipment-oilfieldequipmentDieselengines-recreationalvehicles-constructionequipment-industrialequipment-lawn&gardenequipment-farmequipment-lightcommercialequiPment-loggingequipment-airportserviceequiPment-undergroundminingequipment-oilfieldequipmentRecreationalmarineequipmentRailwaymaintenanceequiPmentTable4-3.SCCsAddressedbytheNONROADModelTable4-4.NONROADModelTemperatureandFuelGharacteristiclnputValuesbySeasonlor2011GountvSeasonOxygenWeiqht%RVPpsiGasolineSulfurDDlnDailyAverageTemperature,oFMinimumMaximumAveraoeNewCastleSummer3.66.943.667B677NewCastleAutumn3.679.10546,55506758NewCastleWinter3.7911.3149.5284336NewCastleSprinq3.679.10546.55466455SussexSummer3.58749.1678776SussexAutumn3.7159.15543.35527061SussexWinter3.8511.3137.6304839SussexSprinq3.7159.15543.35476556DAQresearchedtheavailabilityofstateandcounty-specificdatatoimproveuponthedefaultequipmentpopulationsandGAFsincorporatedinthemodel.DAQreplacedthedefaultequipmentpopulationofrecreationalmarineequiprnentwithDelawal'e-specificdata.DAQusedrecreationalboatregistrationdataprovidedbytheDelawareDivisionoflìishandWildlifetoestimatethetotalrecreationalmarineequiprnentpopulationinusewithinDelawarewaters.DAQdeterminedthistobeapreferableapproachtotheNONROADdefaultapproachofatopdownallocationofthenationalequipmentpopulation.I"Iowever,registrationdatawerenotused4-42011BASEYEARSIPEir¡lssloNsINv¡NroRvponVOC,NO,,&COtoallocaterecreationalmarineactivitytothecountylevelbecauseresidentsmaylegistertheirboatsinonecounty,butusetheirboatsinothelpartsoftheStateorneighboringcounties.DAQupdatedGAFsfòrnumerousequiprnerfcategories.Table4-5providesalistofGAFsandtheassociatedequipmentpopulationsthatusetheGAFsthatwereupdatedwith2011Delawarespecificdata.Forgolfcarts,DAQreplacedtheGAFsbasedonthenumberofgolfcoursesineachcountywiththecountytotalsquarekilometersofgolfcoursesineachcounty.DAQbelievesthatgolfcartusageismoredirectlyrelatedtothesizeofeachgolfcoursethantothenumberofcoursesthatexistineachcounty.IfanequiprnentpopulationisnotidentifiedinTable4-5,thenthernodeldefaultGAIrswereusedinthe2011runs.Table4-5.2011Delaware-spec¡f¡cGeographicAllocationFactorsSampleCalculationsandResults'IhestandardNONROADmodelemissionequationisasfollows:where:Ir*¡,Iexh:Eu*h*A*L*P*N:Exhaustemissions,(torVyear)E"xh:Exhaustemissionfactor,(tor/hp-hr)A:Equipmentactivity,(hours/year)L:Loadfactor,(proportionofratedpowerusedonaveragebasis)P:Averageratedpowerformodeledengines,(hp)N:EquipmentpopulationGeographicAllocationFactorDataSourceEquipmentPopulationPooulationDEPopulationConsortiumAircraftNOxemissionsDelaware2008inventorvAiroortoroundsupportConstructionemploymentandbuildinqpermitsU,S.CensusBureauConstructionHarvestedcropacresDEDeoartmentofAoricultureAqriculturalForestharvestoermitacresDEDeoartmentofAqricultureLoqqinqAreaofqolfcoursesDelawareStateGolfAssociationGolfcartsWholesalebusinessesDEDepartmentofLaborCommercialSinqleandduplexhousinqU.S.CensusBureauResidentiallawn&qardenLandscaninobusinessesDEDepartmentofLaborCommerciallawn&qardenManufacturinqemploveesDEDepartmentofLaborlndustrialClassIRailqrosstonmilesClassIOperatorsinDelawareRailmaintenanceRurallandareaU.S,CensusBureauLand-basedrecreationalSnowfallWeatherWarehousewebsiteSnowblowersandsnowmobiles4-5201IBASriYì]ARSIPEMrssroNSInvENl'onvronVOC,NO,,&COAnnual(TPY)SSWD(TPDIFuelTvneEquipmentCategoryvocNO,covocNO,coGasolineAllEouipment1.72634818.3116.181.2370.94DieselAllEquipment1301.2786920.464.522.68LPGAllEouioment321227780.120.433.01CNGAllEquipment<11267<0.010.040.26AllFuelsTotal1.8881.76019.8496.766.2376.90Table4-6.2011NewCastleCountyEmissionsforNONROADEquipmentTable4-7.2011SussexCountyEmissionsforNONROADEquipmentAnnualfiPY)SSWD(ÏPD)FuelTvoeEquipmentCateqorvvocNO"covocNO,coGasolineAllEouioment2,36846315.1517.871.6954.42DieselAllEquipment1091,1575870.364.222.11LPGAllEquipment301107390.100.402.65CNGAllEouioment<1I54<0.010.030.19AllFuelsTotal2,5071.73816,5318.346.3459.38AircraftTheaircraftsourcecategoryincludesemissionsliomcommelcial,afutaxi,generalaviation,andmilitaryaircraft.Thesesub-categoriesaredescribedasfollows:.Commercialaircraftareusedforscheduledservicetranspoftingpassengers,freight,orboth;.Airtaxisareusedforscheduledservicecarryingpassengersand/orfreight,butaresmalleraircraftthatoperateonarnorelirnitedbasisthanthecommercialcarriers;.Generalaviationincludesothernon-militaryairqaffusedforrecreationalflying,business,personaltransportation,andvariousotheractivities;and.MilitaryaircraftareusedbytheU.S.militaryinawiderangeofrnissions.Airport-specificemissionsforallaircraftsub-categorieswereallocatedtothecountyinwhicheachairportislocated.Wheretherearemultipleairportsinagivencounty,theemissionsweresummedtoprovideacounty-levelemissionsestimate.Aircraftemissionsarereportedunderthef,ollowingSCCs:4^6201IBasnYu¡nSIPEvrssloNsINvnNloRvrronVOC^NO,,.&COTable4-8.SCCsforAircraftsccDescriotorIDescriptor3Descriotor6DescriotorI2275001000MobileSourcesAircraftMilitarvAircraftTotal2275020000MobÍleSourcesAircraftCommercialAircraftïotal:AllTvpes2275050000MobileSourcesAircraftGeneralAviationTotal2275060000MobileSourcesAircraftAirTaxiTotalDAQestirnatedannualaircraftemissionsusingacornbinationofairporl-specificactivitydataandFederalAviationAdministration(FAAyEPAemissionfactors.Estimatingaircraftemissionsfocusesonthe"mixingzoîe,"whichhasaheight(rnixingheight)equaltothethicknessoftheinversionlayer.Airemissionswithinthiszonearetrappedbytheinversionlayerandultimatelyaffectground-levelpollutantconcentrations.Whenaircraftareabovethemixingzone,emissionstendtodisperseandhavenoground-leveleffects.Theaircraftoperationswithinthemixingzonearedefinedbythelandingandtake-off(LTO)cycle.EachLTOcycleconsistsoffivespecificoperatingmodes:.Approach-aircraftoperatesinthismodewhenitapproachestheairportonitsdescentfrornthemixingheighttowhenitlandsontherunway.oTaxi/idle-in-airuaftoperatesinthismodewhenittaxisfromtherunwaytothegateandturnsitsenginesoff..Taxi/idle-out-thisperiodoccursfromenginestart-uptotake-offastheaircrafltaxisfrornthegatebackouttotherunway..Take-off-thismodeischaracterizedprimarilybyfull-throttleoperationthattypicallylastsuntiltheaircraftreachesbetween500and1000feetaboveground,whichiswhenenginepowerisreduced..Climb-out-thismodebeginsrightafterthetake-offmodeandlastsuntiltheaircraftpassesoutoftherlixingheight.'l-heoperationtimeineachofthesemodesisdependentontheaircraftcategory,localmeteorologicalconditions,andoperationalconsiderationsatagivenairport.Thetime-in-mode(TIM)forthetake-offoperatingmodeistheleastvariable.Thefollowingarethegeneralstepstobeusedtoestimateaircraftemissions:.DeterminethemixingheighttobeusedtodefinetheLTOcycle;.Definethefleetmake-upforeachairport;oDetermineairportactivityintermsofthenumberofLTOsbyaircraftlenginetype;oSelectemissionfactorsforeachenginemodelassociatedwiththeaircraftfleet;oEstimatetheTIMfortheaircraftfleetateachairporl;oCalculateemissionsbasedonaircraftLTOs,emissionflactorsforeachaircraffenginemodel,andestimatedaircraftTIM;andrAggregatetheemissionsacrossaircraft.4-72011BASEYDAIìSIPEMlssIoNSINVllNl'oRYIroRVOC,NOx,&C!-LTOdatawereobtainedfiornallairportsinNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty.DataonspecificaircraflandenginetypeswereobtainedonlyfiomtheNewCastleCountyairport.Table4-9providestheLTOdatabythefouraircrafttypesforairportsinNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty.Table4-9.2011LTODataforNewCastleandSussexGountiesAirportCountvCategoryLTOsNewCastleCountvNewCastleMilitarv6,180NewCastleCountvNewCastleCommercial39NewCastleCountvNewCastleAirTaxi3463NewCastleCountvNewCastleGeneralAviation47,305SummitNewCastleGeneralAviation42.200SussexCountvSussexGeneralAviation34,000LaurelSussexGeneralAviation9,100DAQusedtheseairport-specificLTOdatatoestirnatecommercialandmilitaryaircraftemissionsusingÞ'AA'sEmissionsandDispersionModelingSystem(EDMS),Version5.1.4.1'Themodelrequiresdetailedinputsonaircraftoperationbyaircraftandenginetype.DAQmatchedtheaircraftLTOdatatotheexistingaircraflenginetypesinEDMS,andusedthedefuultEDMSTIMdata.Amixingheightof2,300feetwasusedforbothairportsinNewCastleCountybasedonanisoplethchartofannualaveragemorningmixingheightsforthecorfinentalU.S.asprovidedinEPA'sProceduresManual.TheDelawareArmyNationalGuard(DEARNG)andtheDelawareAirNationalGuard(DEANG)operateunitsattheNewCastleCountyAirporlandcontributetothemilitaryLTOsatthatairport.EDMSgeneratesemissionsforVOCs,NO*andCOintonsperyear.Themodelalsogeneratesemissionsforgroundsupportequipment(GSE).I-Iowever,DAQusedtheGSEestimatesgeneratedfiomtheNONROADmodel,sotheseweresubtractedfromtheEDMSresults.EPAfleetaverageemissionfactorswereappliedtotheLTOdatatoestimateannualgeneralaviationandairtaxiemissions.SampleCalculøtionsandResultsCommercialandMil.itaryAircraflTheequationbelowisthecalculationoftaxiandqueuemodetirnethatisinputinEDMS.TaxiandQueueModeTinte:(AirporrAverageTaxi-lnTime1'AirportAverage-EDMSAircraft-SpecificLandingRollTinteanairport-specificTaxi-OutTime)ThefollowingistheequationusedinEDMStocalculateannualemissionsbyaircrafttypeforoneLTOcycle:Eii:E[(TIM|ù*@Ftk/]000)*(EI,¡ù*(NE¡)J4-82011BASEYEARSIPEMISSIoNSINVENTORYIìORVOC.NO".&COwhere:Eij:l'otalemissionof¡rollutanti,inpounds,producedbyaircrafttype.iforoneLTOcycle.TIM¡I:Timeinmodeformodefr,inminutes,foraircrafttype.7FF¡u:FuelflowformodeÆ,inpoundsperminute,foreachengineusedontheaircrafttype.tEI¡r.:Emissionindexforpollutanti,inpoundsofpollutantperonethousandpoundsoffuel,iulnode/rforaircrafttype.iNE¡=Numberofenginesusedonailcrafttype.7Finally,annualemissionsperairportarecalculatedwiththefollowingequation:AnnualEmissions.forAirportA(tons/yr):2[(Et¡*LTO)J/2000llts/tonwhere:Eij:annualemissionsinpoundsofpollutantl,producedbyaircrafttype.iperLTOcycle.LTOs¡:annualnutnberofLTOsforaircrafttypejAirTaxiandGeneralAvial:ionAircraJiThefollowingequationistheestimateofairtaxiandgeneralaviationaircraftemissionsusingLTOdataandfleetaverageemissionfactors.E¡:LTOsxEF,x/rooowhere:E¡:annualemissionsintonsofpollutantILTOs:annualnumberofLTOsEF¡:defaultaviationfleetmixemissionfactorinpoundsofpollutantforpollutantITable4-10.2011AnnualEmissionsbyCountyforAircraftsccAircraftGateoorvCountvAnnualfiPY)SSWD(TPDIvocNO"covocNOxco2275001000MilitarvNewCastle1252440.030.120.102275020000CommercialNewCastle<1<1<1<0.01<0.01<0.012275050000GeneralAviationNewCastle1735380.050.0'11.622275060000AirTaxiNewCastle2<1490.01<0.010.1422750xxxxxTotal:AircraftNewGastle31566300.090.,l31.862275050000GeneralAviationSussexI12590.02<0.010.784-9201IBASEYn¡NSIPEIT¿ISSIONSINVIìNI.ORYFOIìVLocomotivesRailroadlocomotivesareacombustionsourceofemissionswithmostsignilicantemissionsoccurringwherethereisaconcerfrationofrailroadactivity(suchasalargeswitchyard).Theprimaryfuelconsumedbyrailroadlocomotivesisdistillateoil(dieselfuel).Locomotivescallperformtwodifferenttypesofoperations:linehaulandyard(orswitch),Linehaullocomotivesgenerallytravelbetweendistantlocations,suchasfiomonecitytoanother.Yardlocomotivesareprimarilyresponsiblefolmovingrailcarswithinaparticularrailwayyard.LocotnotiveemissionsarereporteduudertheSCCsprovidedin'I'able4-l1.Forlinehaullocomotives,DAQcalculatedClassIoperationemissionsseparatelyfromClassII/IIIoperations.l,inehaullocomotiveemissionsforpassengertrainsandcommuterlineswereestimatedtobezerosincerailserviceinDelaware(AmtrakandSEPTA)iselectricpowered.Fuelconsumptionwasusedtoestimatelocomotiveengineemissions.Fuelconsumptionratesareusuallyknownonlyf,ortheentireinterstateoperatingregion,therefore,itisnecessarytoallocatethetotalamountoffuelconsuned"system-wide"toDelawareanditscounties.Table4-11.SGCsforLocomotivessccDescriptorIDescriotor3Descriptor6DescriptorI2285002006MobileSourcesRailroadEquipmentDieselLineHaulLocomotives:ClassIOperations2285002007MobileSourcesRailroadEquipmentDieselLineHaulLocomotives:Classll/ClasslllOperations2285002010MobileSourcesRailroadEquipmentDieselYardLocomotivesLineHaulLocomotives-CløssIOperationsCSX'IransporlationoperatesClassIlocomotiveswithinNewCastleCounty,whileNorfolkSouthernoperatesthroughouttheStateofDelaware.DAQcontactedthesecompaniestoobtainestimatesoffuelconsumptionordatatocalculatefuelconsumption(e.g.,grosston-miles(GTM)andgallonsoffuelconsumedperGTM).NorfolkSoulhernprovidedGTMdataatthestatelevel.Toobtainemissionsatthecountylevel,DAQusedthesamecountyallocationsaswasusedinthe2008inventory.NorfiolkSouthernprovidedafuelconsumptionindex(GTM/fuelconsumed)forthesystemthatincludesoperationsinDelaware.CSXprovidedGTMandfuelconsumptiondataforNewCastleCounty,theonlycountyinwhichCSXoperatesinDelaware.LineHaulLocomotives-ClassII/IIIOperøtionsTheMaryland&DelawareRailroadoperatesinNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty.TheDelawareCoastLineRailroadoperatesonlyinSussexCounty.Bothcompaniesprovided2011statewidefuelconsumptiondata.FortheMaryland&DelawareRailroad,trackmileswithineachcountywereusedtoallocatestatewidefuelconsumptiontoeachcounty.4-1020IIBnsrYnaRSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYFORVOC.NO""&CO'Ihesystem-widefuelconsumptionindices,county-specificG'IM,andcalculatedcounty-levelfuelconsumptionforbothClassIandClassllllilline-hauloperationsareprovidedinTable4-12.Table4-12.2011Locomot¡veFuelConsumptionDatabyCountyforClassILineHaulOperationsRailroadComoanvGlassCountvGrossTonMilesIGMT)System-wideGTM/GallonDieselFuelConsumed,qallons/vearNorfolkSouthernNewCastle216,496,6341.083.52199,808NorfolkSouthernSussex126,647,3791,083.52116,885CSXTransoortationNewCastle688.000.000903.75761,275Marvland&Delawareil/iltNewCastle2,380Marvland&Delawareil/iltSussex3,331DelawareCoastLineil/iltSussex9,000YardLocomotivesTable4-13providesasutnmaryofswitchyardoperationsandfuelconsumptionbyrailcompanyandcounty.CSXandMaryland&,DelawareprovidedDelaware-specificfuelconsumptionfor2008,whichwasassumedtoremainthesamefor2011.Anaverageswitchyardenginefuelconsumptionestimateof32,447gallonsperyearwasappliedbasedonarecentregionalstudycoordinatedthroughtheEasternRegionalTechnicalAdvisoryCommittee.Table4-13.2011SwitchyardActivityandEstimatedFuelConsumpt¡onClasslSwitchvardCountvNo.ofYardLocomotivesFuelConsumed,qallons/vearNorfolkSouthernNewCastle13421.813CSXTransportationNewCastle3180,000Marvland&DelawareNewCastle19.640Marvland&DelawareSussex219.281SampleCølculøtionsanclResultsLineHaulLocomotive'Iodeterminetheamountofpollutantpatthecountylevel:Er,:FCxEF,,"%OOowhere:E,amountofpollutantpemittedforthecountyinpoundsFC:fuelconsumptionforthecountyingallonsEF¡,:emissionfactorforpollutant¡rinpoundspergallon4-1120IIB^SEYu¡NSIPEVISSIONSINVL]N.I.ORYIìORVOC,NO",&.COYardLocomotive'fodeterminetheatnountofpollutantpatthecounty-level:EP:Yd*FCY¿*EF,where:8,,:amountofpollutantpernittedforthecountyinpoundsYd:llumberofyardlocotnotivesinthecountyFCva:fuelconsumptionperyardlocomotiveingallonsperyearEFp:emissionfactorforpollutant¡rinpoundspergallonTable4-14.2011Locomot¡vesEmissionsbyGountyCommercialMarineVesselsTheCMVsectorincludesmalrytypesofvessels,suchaslargedeep-draftvessels,bargetowboats,harbortugs,clredgingvessels,ferries,excursionvessels,andcommercialfishingvessels.Inadditiontothenulnerousvesseltypes,eachvesseltypeengagesindifferentactivitiessuchashoteling,maneuveringwithinthepor1,andcruising.Inits1999finalruleforcommercialmarinedieselengines,EPAdefinedthreecategoriesofmarinedieselenginesbasedonenginedisplacernent,powerandrevolutionsperminute(rpm).Table4-15presentsthedefinitionsforeachcategory.Table4-15.U.S.EPAMarineEngineGategoryDefinitionsGateqorvDisolacementpercvlinderPowerrangerkwtRPMranqe1diso.<5litersandpower>37kW37-2.3001.800-3.00025<displacement<30liters1,500-8,000750-1.5003disolacement>30liters2,500-80,00060-900SCGCateoorvDescriptionGountyAnnual(TPY)SSWDITPDIvocNOxcovocNO"co2285002006ClassILineHaulNewCastleI'109300.020.300.082285002007Classll/lllLineHaulNewCastle<11<1<0.01<0.01<0.012285002010YardLocomotivesNewCastle10123190.030.340.0522850020xxTotal:NewCastle19233480.050.640.132285002006ClassILineHaulSussex1134<0.010.040.012285002007Classll/lllLineHaulSussex<14<1<0.0'10.01<0.012285002010YardLocomotivesSussex<141<0.010.01<0.0122850020xxTotal:Sussex2215<0.010.060.014-t22011BASEYEARSIPEMISSIoNSINVEN'I-ORYIìORVOCNO&coTheEPAclassifiesCMVemissionsbyfueltype(residualanddiesel)andbymodeofoperation(portandunderway).CMVsoftenburnrnultipletypesoffuelandmayburndifferentfuelsfordifferentoperatingmodesorlocations(i.e.,nearporls).DAQusedtheportandunderwaySCCstocharacterizetheCMVemissionsaslistedinTable4-16.TheSCCclassificationisbasedonthemostcolnlnontypeoffuelutilizedbythevesselcategory.Ocean-goingvessels(OGV)predorninatelyburnintermediatefueloil(IFO).DAQplacedemissionsfromOGVsburningIFOintheresidualfuelSCC.ThisisconsistentwithhowpetroleumproductsalesdataarereportedbytheEnergyInforrnationAdministrationandEPA'sclassificationoffuels.Table4-16.SGCsforCommerc¡alMarineVesselsThereareftruractivitymodesforCMV;cruise,reducedspeedzone(RSZ),maneuver,andhotel.UnderwayemissionsareestimatedasthecombinedactivityofcruiseandRSZmodes.Portemissionsareestimatedasthecombinedactivityofmaneuveringandhotelingmodes.Emissionsfromferriesanddredgingareconsideredportemissionssincethesevesselsoperateprimarilywithinthepoftarea.DAQcalculatedemissionsforocean-goingvessels,towboats,tug-assistvessels,ferriesandvesselsassociatedwithdredgingoperations.CMVengineemissionsareassumedtobeafunctionofthefollowing:Modeofoperation,Vesseltype(bulkcarrier,tanker,towboat,etc.);Vesseldeadweighttonnage(DWT);Typeofengine(2-stroke,4-stroke,orsteam),andLengthofwaterwaysegment.'fherefiore,DAQaccountedforthesevariationswhenestimatingCMVactivity.Theftrurmodesofoperationthatareperformedbyvesselsaredefinedbelow:Cruise-Thismodeisassumedtobegin25milesoutfì'omtheportbreakwateruntilthevesselreachesthebreakwater.ThebreakwaterislocatedatthemouthoftheDelawareBay.CruisemodeisonlyapplicabletoSussexCounty.ReducedSpeedZone(RSZ)-Thisrnodebeginsatthebreakwaterandcontinuesuntilthevesselisonetotwonauticalmilesfromtheberthoranchorage.'I'hevesselisassumedtohaveaspeedoftwelveknotsduringthismode.Thismodeisalsoreferredtoastransit,andescortfortowboatsandtug-assistvessels.aoooosccDescriotorIDescriptor3Descriptor6DescriptorI2280002100MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialDieselPortemissions2280002200MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialDieselUnderwavemissions2280003100MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialResidualPortemissions2280003200MobileSourcesMarineVessels,CommercialResidualUnderwavemissions4-1320IIBASI]YI]ARSIPEMISSIONSINVIJNI-ORYI.OManeuvering-Thismodeisdefinedasthetimethevesselslowstobelowfourknotsuntilthedocklinesaresecul'e.Thisrnodeisalsoreferredtoasassistmodefortug-assistvessels.Hoteling-Thismodeisdefinedasthetimethevesselisatdock.Duringthismode,thevesseloperatesauxiliaryenginesforelectricalpower.ThewaterwaysegmentdistancesusedtoestimateactivityandtoallocatetheactivitytoeachcountywereestimatedfromtheGoogleEarthwebsitein2008bytracingtheshippingchannel.SegmentdistancesareshowninTable4-17.ThedistanceSouthisgiventothebreakwateratthemouthoftheDelawareBay.'l'hedistancenofthisgiventotheDelaware-Pennsylvaniaborder.ThedistancefortheC&DCanalEastisgivenfromtheDelaware-MarylandboldertotheentranceoftheDelawareRiver(ReedyPoint).Theengineactivityforeachmodeiscalculatedusingthefollowingequation:Aclivily*o¿n:PowerxLoadFactorxTime*o¿uxCallswhere:Activity,',o¿"PowerLoadFactorTimeCallsactivitybyrnode(kilowatt-hours)ratedenginepowerbyvesselandenginetype(kilowatts)loadfactoroftheenginebyvesseltypeandmodetimeinmodepercallbyvesseltype(hours)numbelofcallsbyvesselandenginetypeTable4-17.WaterwaySegmentDistancesfortheDelawareRiverAreaWaterwavSeqmentDistancelmi.lPointSouthDE/PABorder83.8Oceanport83.3PortofWilminqton76.1MaqellanTerminal75.6DelawareCitvRefinerv66.0C&DCanal62.6Latitude39"30'57.7NewCastleCo/KentCo48.5KentCo/SussexCo15.9PointNorthPortofWilminqton7.7C&DCanal21.2PointEastC&DCanal13.0Thiscalculationmustbeperformedf'orbothpropulsionandauxiliaryenginesandforeachmode.Bothpropulsionenginesandauxiliaryenginesareoperatingduringcruise,RSZandrnaneuveringmodes.Onlyauxiliaryenginesoperateduringhoteling.Oncetheactivityiscalculated,itisallocatedtothecountylevelusingcountyallocationfactors.4-t4201IBASEY¡zrnSIPEMISSIoN$lNvBNronv¡onVOC,NO*,&ThisapproachtocalculatingactivityofCMVswasusedforallvesseltypesexceptvesselsinvolvedindredgingactivity.Fordredging,theactivitydatausedforemissionscalculationswasthevolumeofrnaterialdredged.Detailsonthesourcesanddevelopmentofactivitydataareprovidedinthefollowingsubsections.Oceøn-GoingVesselsDAQobtainedvesselcalldataforocean-goingvessels(OGVs)duringcalendaryear2011fì'orntheMarineExchangeforthel)elawareRiverandBay.DatawereobtainedforvesselsthatcalledonpofisinDelaware,New.IerseyandPennsylvania.ThedatafortheentireportareaisrequiredsincethernajorityofvesselspassthroughDelawalewatersenroutetootherports.Thevesselcalldatainclucledthevesselname,shiptype,DWT,pier,andthedateofthecall.TheshiptypescallingontheDelawareRiverAreaportsin2011areshowninTable4-18.VesselsrnayshiftbetweenpiersduringthesamecallontheDelawareRiverarea.DAQadjustedthevesselcalldatatoremoveshiftsbetweenpiers,wherepossible,toavoiddoublecountingusingamethodologyrecommendedbythestaffoftheMarineExchange.Dataontheenginepowerandenginetype(2-stroke,4-stroke,andsteam)usedonOGVswerenotavailablethroughtheMarineExchange.Therefore,DAQassignedenginepowerandenginetypebasedonaverageenginedataobtainedfromothersources.Forpropulsionengines,theaverageenginepowerandtheenginetypewereobtainedfromtheEPAreportCommercialMarineActivily.forDeepSeaPortsinlheUnitedStates(DeepSeaPorts).ThisreportpresentsdataforvesselsthatcalledontheDelawareRiverareaportsduringcalendaryear1996.NotethattheDelawareRiverareaincludespottsinDelaware,NewJerseyandPennsylvania,whicharelocatedontheDelawareRiver.ThenumberofcallsbyvesselandenginetypeispresentedforspecificDV/Tranges.Theaverageenginepowerisalsogiven.Tabfe4-18.VesselTypesCallingonDelawareRiverAreaPortsin2011CodesMainVesselTvpeAdditionalVesselTvpeslncludedw/MainTvpeBUBulkBulkCargo(BG),Chemical(CH),Bulk(HR)CCContainerContainer/Bulk(CB),PartContainer(PC)GCGeneralCarooMSMiscellaneousLivestock(LV),TallShip(TS)PRPassenoerRFRefrioeratedCarqo(Reefer)ContainerReefer(CR)RRRollon-Rolloff(RORO)ROROContainer(RC)TATankerTanker(AS),BulkOil(BO),ChemicalOilTanker(CO),GasCarrier(PGandNG)VEVehicleCarrierInordertocalculateunderwayemissions,thenumberofcalls(byvesseltypeandDWTrange)hadtobeallocatedtoeachport.TheportsinDelawareincludethePortofWilmington,MagellanTerminal,DelawaleCityRefinery,andOceanport.OneportinNewJersey,Bermuda4-1520IIBasnYpaNSIPEMISSIONSINVEN.|OIìYFORVOC.NO".&COInternationalonSalemCreek,islocatedadjacenttoDelaware.AllotherportsinNew.IerseyandallportsinPennsylvaniaalelocatednorthoftheDelaware/Pennsylvaniastateline.VesselscallingonNewJerseyandPennsylvaniaportsmustbeincludedinunderwayemissioncalculationsforDelawaresincethevesselstraveltluoughtheDelawareportionofthebayandriver.Table4-19presentstheassignedpropulsionenginepowerandtheuumberofcallsbyvesseltype,DV/TrangeandenginetypeforcallsontheDelawareRiverareain2011.InadditiontovesselstravelingintheDelawareRiverBayandRiver,256OGVstraversedtheC&DCanaltoorfromtheChesapeakellay.Table4-19.AveragePropulsionEnginePowerandthe2011NumberofCallsforOGVsCallingontheDelawareRiverArea(DE,NJandPA)CodeDWTRanqeEngineTvoePowerlhnìCallsGodeDWTRanqeEngineTvpePowerfhn)CallsBU<25,0002-stroke9,66549RR<15,0002-stroke8,2807BU<25.0004-stroke7.504IRR<15,0004-stroke8.5537BU25.000-35.0002-stroke9,69664RR15.000-30.0002-stroke12.85241BU35,000-45,0002-stroke10,32037RR>30,0002-stroke26,5622BU>45,0002-stroke16.32899TA<30,0002-stroke10.00840CC<25.0002-stroke17.757159TA<30.0004-stroke7.O7710CC<25,0004-stroke10.89884TA<30,000Steam14.6464CC25.000-35.0002-stroke16,327185TA30,000-60,0002-stroke12.61674CC35.000-45.0002-stroke34,46775TA30.000-60.0004-stroke15,3605CC>45.0002-stroke30.856160TA30.000-60.000Steam15.49851GC<15.0002-stroke5.7846TA60,000-90,0002-stroke16.02665GC<15.0004-stroke3,9447TA60.000-90.0004-stroke14,30510GC15,000-30,0002-stroke10.4563TA90,000-120,0002-stroke15.451172GC15.000-30.0004-stroke75361TA90,000-120,000Steam23.9234MS<10,0002-stroke3,50016TA120.000-150.0002-stroke23,04639MS<10,0004-stroke11.671ITA>150,0002-stroke25.559133PR<5.0004-stroke16,1080TA>150,000Steam36.32441RF5.000-10,0002-stroke9,706118VE<12.5002-stroke11,8776RF5,000-10,0004-stroke6.83720VE<12,5004-stroke13.1501RF10.000-15.0002-stroke12,500190VE12.500-15.0002-stroke12.85911RF10,000-15,0004-stroke15.6724VE12.500-15,0004-stroke14.7702RF>15.0002-stroke18.467IVE'15,000-17,5002-stroke13,91130VE>17.5002-stroke15.224117TowboøtsøndTugAssislsf'owboatsareusedtotransportnon-self-propelledvessels,eitherdrycargoortankerbarges,throughouttheDelawareRivetarea,includingtheC&DCanal.DAQobtaineddataonthenumberoftowboattripsduringcalendaryear20llfì'omWaterborneCommerceoftheUnitedStates.DAQsubtractedthenumberoftowboattripsforthePortofWilmington(POW)andtheC&DCanalfromthenumberoftripsontheDelawareRiver(PAtotheSea).Fortowboats4-16201IBasBYEARSIPEMrssroNSINVEN'ì]ORYFoRVOC,NO*,&COtravelingtoandfiomthePOV/andtravelingthroughtheC&DCanal,DAQassumedthathalfthevesselstravelnorthandtheotherhalftravelsouthto/fromthePOWandthecanal.In2011,4,492towboattripstransitedDelawarewatersonthel)elawareRiver,withatripdefinedasaone-waypassage.640towboattripsenteredorexitedthePortofWilmington,and2,332towboattripstransitedtheC&DCanal.TugsassistOGVslrorntheshippingchanneltoitsintendedberthandthenbacktothechannelwhenthevesselleavesport.ThisactivityisconsideredthemaneuveringrnodeforOGVs.TwotugsaretypicallyrequiredtoassistanOGVwithaDV/Tgreaterthan20,000tons;forsmallerOGVs,onetugsuffices.Thenurnberoftugassists(2,370in2011)isdirectlyrelatedtothenumberofOGVscallingtoaDelawareport.NotethatatugassistingavesseltoBermudahfernationalinNew.TerseyandthepiersattheoilrefineriesinMarcusl{ook,PAwillrequireatugtopickuptheOGVinDelawarewaters,thustugassistsareincludedforthesedocks.Thetugmeetingtimetothedockingtirneisusuallywithinonehour.InadditiontoassistingOGVstomaneuverintoport,tugboatsescortgascarriersthroughtheDelawareBayandRiver.Othervesselstypicallydonotulilizeanescort.TugescorttripsareincludedinthenumberoftowboattripstransitingDelawarewaterspresentedabove.DAQdidnotestimateemissionslì'omhotelingoftowboatsandtugsduetolackofactivitydata.Vesselspeeds,averagemaneuveringandhotelingtirne,propulsionandauxiliaryenginehorsepowerratings,andengineloadfactorsforOGVs,towboats,andtugswereobtainedfromEPA'sDeepSeaPortsandPreparingPortEmissionInventories.ForRSZmode,time-in-modefloreachvesselwascalculatedbasedonvesselspeedsandwaterwaysegmentdistancesprovidedinTable4-17.DredgÍngMaintenancedredgingisperfiirmedroutinelyontheDelawareRivertokeepthechannelstotheirrequireddepths.Dredginginvolvesmultiplevessels,includingdredges,assisttugs,andgeneratorbargesthatprovideadditionalpower.Estimatingemissionsfromdredgingvesselengineactivityistime-consuming.Therefore,DAQdevelopedemissionsbasedonthevolumeofmaterialdredgedduringcalendaryear2011ratherthanengineactivityinkilowatt-hours.DAQobtainedthedredgingactivitydatafi'omboththeUSACEandfi'omwithinDNREC.TheamountofmaterialdredgedbyUSACEcontractorswasobtainedfromtheUSACEreportondredgingcontractsawardedfortheyear2011.DAQalsocontactedtheDelawareDivisionofSoilandVy'aterConservationtoobtaintheamountofmaterialdredgedbytheDivision.Table4-20presentstheestimatedamounlofrnaterialdredgedandthetypeofdredgeused.DAQassumedallthedredgingactivityismaintenancedredging.Newcutdredgingresultsinhigheremissions,thereforethisassumptionmayresultinloweremissionestimatesthanareactuallyoccurringinthearea.4-1720IIBASI]YBARSIP]]H¡ISSIONSINVPNTI)RYIìORVOC,NO",&COTable4-20.MaterialDredgedinDelawareWatersduring2011ProiectLocationCountvTvoeofEouiomentTotalMaterialDredoedlcubicvardsPhiladelphiatotheSeaNewCastleHvdraulicDredqe549,523PortofWilminqtonNewCastleHvdraulicDredqe440,525PremcorBerthMaintenanceNewCastleHvdraulicDredqe230,000PhiladelphiatotheSeaSussexHvdraulicDredqe142,303Beachfill-RooseveltlnletSussexHvdraulicDredqe111,000CoastalShorelineProtectionSussexHopper848,000Lewes&RehobothCanalSussexHvdraulicDredqe32,000FerriesTheCapeMay-LewesFerrywasidentifiedastheonlyferlyserviceinSussexCounty.MonthlytripcountdatafortheCapeMay-LewesFerrywasobtainedbycontactingtheDelawareRiver&BayAuthority.TheCapeMay-LewesF'errymade4,784one-waytripsin2011.Timesformaneuveringandidlingatdockwereestimatedbasedoncruisetimeandroundtripschedules.Forsummerweekdayactivity,DAQobtainedtheaveragenumberofweekdaytripsduringthemonthsofJune,JulyandAugustfiomferryschedules.The'IhreeFortsFerrywasidentifredastheonlyftrryserviceinNewCastleCounty.ThisferrytravelsfromeitherDelawareCity,DEorFortMott,NJtoFortDelawarelocatedonPeaPatchIslandintheDelawareRiver.MonthlytripcountdatafortheferrywasobtainedbycontactingtheDelawareRiver&BayAuthority.TheTlu'eeFortsFerrymade2,855one-waytripsin2011.TheDelawareRiverandBayAuthorityalsoprovidedtheengineandtime-in-modedatafortheThreeFortsFerry.SpøtialAllocationDAQdevelopedcountyallocationfactorsforCMVactivitydatabasedonthelocationoftheactivityonthevariouswaterwaysandlengthofthewaterwaysegment.Indevelopingcountyallocationfactors,DAQassumedthatfrornlatitude39o30'to25milesbeyondthernouthoftheDelawareBay,theactivityissplitevenlybetweenDelawareandNewJerseysincetheshipchannelroughlycorrespondstotheboundarybetweenthetwostates.Abovelatitude39o30',allemissionsareallocatedtoDelawaresincetheentirebreadthoftheriverisunderDelaware'sjurisdiction.Allocationsweredevelopedforeachactivitymode,sincetheactivitytakesplaceindifferentareasdependingonthemode.ForOGVmaneuveringandhotelingmodes,theactivityisallocatedtothecountyinwhichtheportislocated.AlllargeDelawarepoflsarelocatedinNewCastleCounty.MuchofthemaneuveringandhotelingactivitythustakesplacetoNewCastleCounty.OGVswillalsohotelatoneoftheseveralanchoragesalongtheshippingchannel.EmissionsareestimatedforhotelingthattakesplaceatDelaware'sanchorages.4-t82011BasnYpanSIPEl¡tssroNslNvriNroRyFoRVOC.NO..&COFortheRSZmode,countyallocationfactorsweredevelopedfiorthefourportsinDelaware(PortofWilmington,MagellanTerminal,Oceanport,andDelawareCityRefinery),BermudaInternationalinNewJersey,andfìomthePennsylvania-Delawarebordertothebreakwater(I'A/DEtotheSea).Allocatingdredgingtoeachcountywasbasedontherivermilesineachcounty,andsplitbetweenDelawareandNewJerseybelowlatitude39o30'.WhiletheThreeFortsFerrytravelstoFortMottontheNewJerseysideoftheDelawareRiver,atthatlatitude,Delaware'sjurisdictionalwatersextendthebreadthoftheriver.'Iherefore,allactivityfortheThreeFortsFerrywasallocatedtoNewCastleCounty.Table4-21.2011Commerc¡alMarineVesselEmissionsbyGountysccCateqorvDescriptionCountvAnnualffPY)SSWD(TPD)vocNOxcovocNO"co2280002100Port-DieselNewCastle3122140.010.330.042280002200Underwav-DieselNewCastle12461620.031.270.172280003100Port-ResidualFuelOilNewCastle6172160.020.470.042280003200Underwav-RFONewCastle30773700.082.120.'19228000xxxxTotal:NewGastle511,5281610.144.190.442280002100Port-DieselSussex2635<0.010.170.012280002200Underwav-DieselSussexB389410.031.170.122280003100Port*ResidualFuelOilSussex4129120.010.350.032280003200Underwav-RFOSussex27705640.071.930.172280O0xxxxTotal:Sussex411.285122o.1'l3.620.334-192011BA.snYp¡nSIPEvlsstoNsINVENI'oRYroRVOC,NOx,&COSncrro¡t5ON-RoA.nMoBU-nSouncas'the2011on-roadrnobilesourceinventoryisanestimateofvehicleemissionsbasedonactualvehiclemilestraveled(VMT)onDelawareroadwaysin2011usingEPA'sMotorVehicleErnissionSirnulator(MOVES)model.Vehiclesincludepassengercars,light-dutytrucks,includingsportutilityvehicles,heavy-dutytrucks,buses,andmotorcycles.DAQisutilizingEPA'sNationalEmissionsInventory(NEI),version1,runoftheMOVESmodel.Duetoresourceconstraints,DAQhasyettocompletefinalMOVESrunsfor2011.However,DAQhasextensivelydevelopedDelaware-specificmodelinputsandhassubmittedtheseinputfilestoEPAaspartoftheAirEmissionsReportingRule(AERR)requirements.Theseinputswillbesummarizedinthissection.TheapplicableStandardClassificationCodes(SCCs)comprisingvehicletype,roadwayclass,andemissionpïocess(exhaust,evaporative,brakewear,andtirewear)areshowninTable5-1.Asanexample,theSCCapplicabletoexhaustemissionsfromapassengercarfueledbygasolineonanurbaninterstatewouldbe220100123X,withthe"2201001"indicatingthatthevehicleisalight-dutygasolinevehicle,the"23"indicatingtheactivityisoccurringonal1urbaninterstate,andthe"X"indicatingthattheemissionsal'eexhaustemissions.Table5-1.SCCslncludedinOn-roadMobilelnventorysccDiqitsApplicablePortionofSCCCodePortionthatSCCDescribesDescriotion1-72201001VehicletvpeLioht-dutvoasolinevehicles(passenqercars)1-72201020VehicletvoeLight-dutygasolinetrucks1(0-6,000lbgrossvehicleweiqhtratinqIGVWRI)1-72201040VehicletvoeLiqht-dutvqasolinetrucks2(6,001-8,500lbGVWR)1-72201070VehicletvoeHeavv-dutvqasolinevehicles(>8,500lbGVWR)1-72201080VehicletvpeMotorcvcles(qasoline)1-72230001VehicletvpeLioht-dutvdieselvehicles(passenqercars)1-72230060VehicletvpeLioht-dutvdieseltrucks(0-8.500lbGVWR)1-72230071VehicletvoeClass2bheavy-dutydieselvehicles(8,501-10,000lbGVWR)1-72230072VehicletvpeClass3,4,and5heavy-dutydieselvehicles(10,001-19.500rbGVWR)1-72230073VehicletvpeClass6and7heavy-dutydieselvehicles(19,501-33,000tbGVWR)1-72230074VehicletvoeClass8heavv-dutydieselvehicles(>33,000lbGVWR)1-72230075VehicletvpeDieselbuses8-911RoadwavtvpeRuralinterstates8-913RoadwavtvpeRuralotherprincipalarterials8-915RoadwavtvoeRuralminorarterials8-917RoadwaytypeRuralmaiorcollectors8-919RoadwavtvpeRuralminorcollectorsContinuednextpage5-12011B¡spYE,AIìSIPEtr¡lssIclNsINvnNr.oRYFoRVoC'LTable5-1.continuedsccDioitsApplicablePortionofSCCCodePortionthatSCGDescribesDescription8-921RoadwavtvpeRurallocals8-923RoadwavtvpeUrbaninterstates8-925RoadwavtvpeUrbanotherfreewavsandexÞresswavsB-927RoadwavtvpeUrbanotherorincipalarterials8-929RoadwavtvpeUrbanminorarterials8-93'1RoadwavtvpeUrbancollectors8-933RoadwavtvpeUrbanlocals10XEmissionprocessExhaust10VEmissionprocessEvaoorative10BEmissionprocessBrakewear10TEmissionÞrocessTirewearI)elaware-specificInputDatafor2011The2008inventorywasthefirstyearthatDAQusedtheMOVESmodeltodevelopon-roadmobileemissions.'l'heMOBILE6.2modelwasusedpreviously.TheMOVESmodelallowsforadjustmentstoavarietyofmodelinputs,andassuch,DAQ,withassistancefromtheDelawareDepartmentofTransportation(DelDOT),putsforthconsiderableeffortincreatingasuiteofcounty-specificinputdatafiles.Thecounty-specificinputdatatypescreatedf,orthe2011inventoryincludeVMT(byvehicleandroadwaytype),vehicleregistrationdata(vehiolepopulationsandagedistributions),averagespeedsintheformofspeedbinfractions(weekdayversusweekendandbyroadwaytype),andinspectionandmaintenanceprogramspecifications.Eachoftheseinputdatasetsarediscussedseparatelybelow.DAQreliesontheMOVESmodeldefaultsforfuelparameters(furmulationsandsupply),meteorologicaldata(temperatureandrelativehumidity),rampfractions,andweeklyanddailyfractions.VehìcleMílesTrøveled(VMT)DataTlreactivitydatausedfordevelopingtheon-roademissioninventoryisVMT.DeIDOTprovided2011VMTdatabyroadwaytypeforallcountiesinDelaware.DeIDOTisrequiredtosubmitcalendaryearVMTdataannuallytotheFederalI{ighwayAdministration's(FHWA)HighwayPerformanceMonitoringSystem(HPMS).TheVMTisestimatedbasedondatafrompermanenttrafficcourrtstationsthroughoutthecounty.DeIDOT'strafficcountprogramprovidesdailyandseasonalvariationdata.Additionaltemporarystationsprovideshorter-telmcountsthatareexpandedwithfactorsderivedfromappropriatepermanentcountstations.CountingandexpansionactivitiesareconsistentwithFHV/Aguidelines.ThetrafficdatasubmittedtoHPMSareconsideredthemostaccurateVMTtotalsforDelaware.SincetheVMTprovidedbyDoIDOTissuppliedbyHPMSroadwaytype,thetaskofcreatingVM'IbyMOVESroadtypefractionsrequiresmappingthetwelveIIPMSroadtypestothefourMOVESroadtypes.TheroadtypeallocationsforNewCastleCountyandSussexCountyfbr20llareprovidedinTables5-2and5-3,respectively.5-2201lBnsnYp¡nSIPEMlSSIoNSINVEN1-oRYl.oRVoC,NLTable5-2.NewCastleCountyVMTFractionsbyRoadTypeMOVESRoadTypeCodeRoadTvpeDescriptionVMTFractionbvRoadTvpe2RuralRestrictedAccess0.00003RuralUnrestrictedAccess0.14444UrbanRestrictedAccess0.29405UrbanUnrestrictedAccess0.5616Total1.00000Table5-3.SussexCountyVMTFractionsbyRoadTypeMOVESRoadTypeCodeRoadTvpeDescriptionVMTFractionbvRoadTvpe2RuralRestrictedAccess0.00003RuralUnrestrictedAccess0.67234UrbanRestrictedAccess0.00005UrbanUnrestrictedAccess0.3277Total1.0000VMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeVMTbyvehicletypedafaarenotcollectedinDelaware,soanalternateprocedurewasdevelopedusingthelocalregistrationdataincalculatingtheVMTmixesratherthanusingthedefaultMOVESVMTdistributionbyvehicletype.ThismethodologyusesnationaldefaultMOVESmileageaccumulationdataincombinationwiththeDelawarecourfy-specificregistrationdatatodevelopestimatesofVMTbyvehicletype.l"henumberofvehiclesregisteredinDelawarebymodelyear,vehicletype,fueltypeandcountywasmultipliedbytheaveragenumberofmilesaccumulatedannuallybyvehiclesofthesanìeage,vehicletypeandfueltypeintheMOBILE6.2defaultmileageaccumulationdatabase.ThisprovidedanestimateofVMTbyvehicleageandvehicletype.TheseVMTestimateswerethensummedforallyearsbyvehicletype.ThetotalVMTforeachvehicletypewasdividedbythetotalcalculatedVMTtogiveVMTfractionsbyvehicletype.Tables5-4and5-5presenttheresultingVMTfractionsbyvehicletypefolNewCastleCountyandSussexCounty,respectively.Table5-4.NewGastleGountyVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeMOVESVehicleTvoeCodeVehicleDescriptionVMTFractionbyVehicleTvpe11Motorcvcle0.007321PassenqerCar0.4636Continuednextpages-32011BASì]Yn,tNSIPEMISSIOI.¡SINVNNIORYIìORVOC,NO'.&COTable5-4.continuedTable5-5.SussexGountyVMTFractionsbyVehicleTypeMOVESVehicleTvpeGodeVehicleDescriptionVMTFractionbyVehicleTvpe11Motorcvcle0,011021PassenqerCar0.367031PassenqerTruck0.424232LiqhtCommercialTruck0.144941lntercitvBus0.005442TransitBus0.002043SchoolBus0.001951RefuseTruck0.000452SinoleUnitShort-haulTruck0.009053SinoleUnitLono-haulTruck0.000954MotorHome0.000261CombinationShort-haulTruck0.016462CombinationLonq-haulTruck0.0168Total1.0000VMTTemporølAllocationsTheMOVESmodelinputfilesincludeallocationsofVMTbymonth.MonthlyallocationofVMTisaccomplishedthroughtheuseofpermanentcountstationdataprovidedbyDelDOT.For2011,DeIDOTprovidedmonthlyVMTdatafrom24permanentcountstationsthroughoutNewCastleCountyand26inSussexCounty.Eachmonth'sdataforallcountstationsinacountyweresummedanddividedbythesurnoftheannualVMTrecordedbytheallcountstationsinacounty.ThemonthlyVMTfiaclionscreatedinthiswayareprovidedinTables5-6and5-7.5-431PassenoerTruck0.366932LiqhtCommercialTruck0.123241lntercitvBus0.003842TransitBus0.001443SchoolBus0.001951RefuseTruck0.000352SinqleUnitShort-haulTrucko.oo7753SinoleUnitLonq-haulTruck0.000754MotorHome0.000261CombinationShort-haulTruck0.011562CombinationLono-haulTruck0.0113Total1.00002011BASEYn¡RSIPlll,frsstoNsINvltNroRYFORVOC,NOx,&COTable5-6.MonthlyVMTAllocationFractionsforNewCastleCountyMonthVMTFractionMonthVMTFractionJanuarv0.0711July00878Februarv0.0759Auqust0.0852March0.0816September0.0860April0.0838October0.0873MaV0.0856November0.0848June0.0890December0.0818Table5-7.MonthlyVMTAllocationFractionsforSussexGountyMonthVMTFractionMonthVMTFractionJanuarv0.0663Julv0.1070Februarv0.07'15Auoust0.0998March0.0743Seotember0,0874April0.0802October0.0803May0.0882November0.0753June0.0974December0.0725VehiclePopulationsandAgeDßtríbutionsVehicleregistrationdatawereobtainedfromtheDelawareDivisionofMotorVehicles(DMV).ThedataareasnapshotofDMV'sregistrationdatabaseasofJuly1,2011.Thedatashowthenumberofvehiclesregisteredbymodelyearforeachofthe16MOBILE6.2vehicleclasses.The16vehicleclasseswereconvertedtothe13MOVESvehicletypesusingaconverterprovidedbyEPA.NewCastleCountyandSussexCountyvehiclepopulationsbyMOVESvehicletypeareprovidedinTables5-8and5-9,respectively.Vehicleagedistributionfractionsweredevelopedforeachofthe13vehicletypesbasedonmodelyear.Vehicles30yearsandolderwerelumpedintoonefraction.Table5-8.2011VehiclePopulationsforNewCastleCountyVehicleCodeVehicleTvpeNumberofVehicles11Motorcvcle13,29821PassenqerVehicle228,97631PassenqerTruck144.52632LiqhtCommercialTruck47.65041lntercitvBus44542TransitBus27343SchoolBus1,001Continuednextpage5-520IIBASDYE,ARSIPEMISSIONSINVENTORYFoRVOC.NO,.&COTable5-8.continued51RefuseTruck6952SinqleUnitShort-HaulTruck2,98853SinqleUnitLonq-HaulTruck20954MotorHome37361CombinationShort-HaulTruck'1,08762CombinationLonq-HaulTruck818Table5-9.2011VehiclePopulationsforSussexCountyVehicleCodeVehicleTvoeNumberofVehicles11Motorcvcle8,73321PassenqerVehicle82.91031PassenqerTruck78,99832LiqhtCommercialTruck26.46241lntercitvBus28542TransitBus19243SchoolBus43151RefuseTruck4852SinqleUnitShort-HaulTruck1,99853SinoleUnitLono-HaulTruck14154MotorHome21761CombinationShort-HaulTruck79462CombinationLono-HaulTruck624VehicleSpeedsTheMOVESmodelrepresentsaveragevehiclespeedsbyroadwaytypethroughtheuseofspeedbinfractions.Therearc76speedbinswiththefirstrepresentingspeedslessthan2.5milesperhour(mph),witheachsubsequentbinhavingarangeof5rnph(i.e.,42.5mph-47.5rnph).Thefinalbinrepresentsspeedsequaltoorgreaterthan72.5nph.For2011,DeIDOTprovidedseasonalspeedbinfi'actionsforeachoftheftrurMOVESroadwaytypes,foreachhouroftheday,andforweekdayandweekenddrivingpatterns.DeIDOTestirnatedspeedsusingthePeninsulatraveldemandmodel.Themodelaccountsfortrafficvolumesandvariationsintravelaccordingtopurpose,whichimpactaveragespeeds.Table5-10summarizesthematrixofparametersthatresultsin12,288recordsforspeedsineachcounty.Table5-10.2011AverageSpeedMatrixParameterNumberofVariablesSeason4Hour24RoadwavTvoe4WeekdavA/r/eekend2SoeedBins165-6201IBzrs¡YuanSIPEvtssloNslNvllNt'oRYIìoRVOC,NO*,&COInspectionandMaintenünce(I/M)TheI/MprogramsforNewCastleCountyincludeabiennialonboarddiagnostictestingprogram(OBDII)since20021or1996andlaterrnodelyearvehicles.Vehicleemissioncomputersystemsarecheckedforanydiagnostictroublecodespresent,asymptomofexcessemissionswhichisafailingresultforthevehicle.Oldervehicles,startingwithrnodelyear(MY)1968,aregivenacurbidletest(MY1968-1980)oratwo-speedidletest(MY1981-1995).Atailpipeprobeisinsertedfor60secondstodetermineexhaustooncentrationsofhydrocarbousandcarbonmonoxide.Dependingonthemodelyear,vehicleswithanexcessemissionconcentrationofeitherpollutantwillfailthetest.Olclervehicles(MY1975-1995)arealsogivenafuelsystempressuretest(FP)andagascap(GC)test.Airpressureisappliedtothefuelsystemfromthefuelinlettothecanister.Afterairpressurehasbeenapplied,pressuredegradationismonitored.Vehiclesfailthefuelsystemplessuretestifitcannotmaintaintheequivalentpressureofeightinchesofwaterforuptotwominutesafterbeingpressurizedto14.0+0.5inchesofwater.Asimilarpressuretestisappliedtothevehicle'sgascap.Table5-11.2011NewGastleGountyl/MProgramParametersTestTvoeIDLE2500/tDLEFP&GCOBDl/MEvapOBDl/MExhTestFrequencvBiennialBiennialBiennialBiennialBiennialProgramTypeTestOnlvTestOnlyTestOnlvTestOnlvTestOnlvModelYearsI968-19801981-1995'1975-19951996-20031996-2003ComplianceFactors(%)PassenoerVehicle92.4695.6996.0095.6895.68PassenqerTruck86.6988.3888.8689.0487.91LiohtComm.Truck76.8678.3678.7878.4974.69VehiclesTested(gasolineonly)PassenoerVehicleYesYesYesYesYesPassenqerTruckYesYesYesYesYesLightGomm.Truck(uoto8.500GVWR)YesYesYesYesYesSchoolBusNoNoNoNoNoSingleUnitShort-HaulTruckNoNoNoNoNoSingleUnitLonq-HaulTruckNoNoNoNoNoRefuseTruckNoNoNoNoNoGombinationShort-HaulTruckNoNoNoNoNoCombinationLono-HaulTruckNoNoNoNoNoMotorHomeNoNoNoNoNolntercitvBusNoNoNoNoNoTransitBusNoNoNoNoNoMotorcvcleNoNoNoNoNo5-720IIBASITYnaRSIPEMISSIoNSINVENToIìYIìORVOC.NO".&COTheSussexCountyI/Mprograrnincludesonlyanidletest.Table5-12.20llSussexCountyl/MProgramParametersTestTvoeIDLEl/MProqramYears1991-2050TestFrequencvBiennialProoramTvoeT/OModelYears1981-2005ComplianceFactorsl"/ùPassenqerVehicle94.94PassenqerTruck88.47LiohtComm.Truck80.97VehiclesTested(gasolineonly)PassenqerVehicleYesPassenoerTruckYesLightGomm.Truck(upto8,500GVWR)YesSchoolBusNoSinoleUnitShort-HaulTruckNoSinqleUnitLonq-HaulTruckNoRefuseTruckNoCombinationShort-HaulTruckNoGombinationLonq'HaulTruckNoMotorHomeNolntercitvBusNoTransitBusNoMotorcvcleNoControlsAllMOvES-recognizedon-roadcontrolmeasuresknowntobeinplaceinDelawarein2011wereincludedintheMOVESemissioninventorymodemodeling.LocalcontrolprogramsincludeDelaware'sI/Mprogram,theFederalreformulatedgasolineprogram,andtheNortheastOzoneTransportRegionLEVprogram.TheMOVESmodelinternallyincludesallnationalcontrolprograms,suchastheTier1andTier2gasolinefuelandlightdutyengineemissionstandardsaswellastheultra-lowsulfurdieselfuelandheavydutyenginestandards.TwoDelawarecontrolprograms,theanti-tamperingprocedures(ATP)performedattheinspectionslanesandtheanti-idlingregulationwerenotaccountedforintheMOVESrunssincethemodeldoesnotprovideforinputtingtheseprograms.FortheATPcontrolprogram,vehiclesthataretestedarealsocheckedtoseeifthecatalyticconverter,gascapandfuelinletrestrictorarepresent.Vehicleswillfàilinspectionifanyofthesedevicesaremissing.Regulation1145,ExcessiveIdlingofHeavyDutyVehicles,isdesignedtoeliminateemissionscausedbyextendingidling.WhileMOVESdelineatesemissionsprocessesforextendedidling,5-82011BASìIY¡ntrSIPEn¡lssloNsIt,¡vnNlolìYIìoRVOC,NO",&COcurrentlytheavailablecontrolprogramswithinMOVESdonotaccountforanti-idlingmeasures.Delawarecurrentlyhasnooff-modelmethodtodetermineemissionbenefitsfromeitherATPorIìeg.1145.EmissionsfromNEIvlTable5-13.2011AnnualandSSWDEmissionsforOn-roadMobileSourcesbyCountyCountvAnnual(TPY)SSWD(TPD)vocNO,covocNO,GONewCastle3,2857,49537.4898.8520.6591.58Sussex2.9744.70228.3238.8614.8778.675-9