NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

___________

No. 22-3383

__________

EDITH FARINA; EMILIO FARINA,

 Appellants

v.

THE BANK OF NEW YORK, 

as trustee for the CHL Mortgage Pass-Through Trust 2007-8;

RESIDENTIAL CREDIT SOLUTIONS, INC.;

MORTGAGE ELECTRONIC REGISTRATION SYSTEMS, INC.;

DOES 1-10, inclusive

____________________________________

On Appeal from the United States District Court

for the District of New Jersey

(D.C. Civil Action No. 3-15-cv-03395)

District Judge: Honorable Michael A. Shipp

____________________________________

Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

September 26, 2023

Before: SHWARTZ, BIBAS, and MONTGOMERY-REEVES, Circuit Judges

(Opinion filed: September 27, 2023)

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OPINION*

___________

PER CURIAM

* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not 

constitute binding precedent.
2

Edith and Emilio Farina appeal the District Court’s orders dismissing their 

complaint and denying their motion to alter or amend the judgment. For the reasons 

below, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.

The procedural history and factual background of the case are well known to the 

parties, set forth in the District Court’s memorandum opinions, and need not be discussed 

at length. Briefly, Appellee Bank of New York filed a foreclosure action against the 

Farinas in state court. After the state court granted summary judgment against the 

Farinas, but before the foreclosure action was finalized, they filed a complaint in the 

District Court in which they requested declaratory relief regarding who had standing to 

foreclose on the property. Appellees filed motions to dismiss. After a hearing, the 

District Court dismissed the case based on the Colorado River abstention doctrine. See

Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States, 424 U.S. 800, 817 (1976). 

The Farinas appealed. We vacated and remanded the matter, concluding that abstention 

was not a proper basis for dismissal. In doing so, we noted that our holding was narrow. 

“We do not hold that, on remand, the case must necessarily survive dismissal. The 

District Court retains its unique and substantial discretion under the [Declaratory 

Judgment Act (DJA)] to decline jurisdiction.” See Farina v. Bank of New York as trustee 

for CHL Mortg. Pass-Through Tr. 2007-8, No. 15-3679, 2021 WL 4439250, at *3 (3d 

Cir. Sept. 28, 2021). 

On remand, Appellees renewed their motions to dismiss, and the Farinas sought to 

amend their complaint. The District Court declined to exercise its jurisdiction under the 

DJA, granted the motions to dismiss, and denied the Farina’s motion to amend. The 
3

Farinas then filed a motion to alter or amend the judgment which the District Court 

denied. They filed a timely notice of appeal, and we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. 

§ 1291.

Declaratory Judgment Act

We review the District Court’s decision to decline to exercise its jurisdiction under 

the DJA for an abuse of discretion. DiAnoia’s Eatery, LLC v. Motorists Mut. Ins. Co., 

10 F.4th 192, 202 (3d Cir. 2021). The District Court began its analysis by noting that the 

Farinas were simply seeking to indirectly and improperly appeal the state court’s 

decisions. It also observed that it would be uneconomical for it to address the same statelaw issues as those presented in the state court action, see Farina, 2021 WL 4439250 at 

*3 (noting that “avoiding piecemeal litigation could be a basis to decline jurisdiction 

under the DJA”), and determined that the public interest would not be served by federal 

court action here because state courts are clearly able to handle foreclosure actions under 

state law. It concluded its analysis by explaining that the doctrine of collateral estoppel 

weighed against the Farinas being allowed to relitigate an issue decided by another 

forum.

The only argument raised by the Farinas in their brief on this issue1is their 

assertion that the state court action was dismissed and that this strengthens their 

1

In their brief, the Farinas ask that we incorporate the arguments from their opposition to 

the motions to dismiss filed in the District Court by reference and take judicial notice as 

to where their arguments differ from the District Court’s conclusions. We decline to do 

so. We do not consider undeveloped arguments or those not properly raised and 

discussed in a brief. See Barna v. Bd. of Sch. Dirs. of Panther Valley Sch. Dist., 877 

F.3d 136, 145-46 (3d Cir. 2017) (“[W]e have consistently refused to consider ill-
4

arguments in favor of the District Court exercising jurisdiction. However, they fail to 

explain how this dismissal should be considered in the DJA analysis. Regardless of 

whether the state court action is still pending, the state court has already decided the issue 

on which the Farinas sought declaratory relief: whether the Bank of New York had 

standing to foreclose on the property. Moreover, the pendency of the state action was but 

one factor considered by the District Court. See Reifer v. Westport Ins. Corp., 751 F.3d 

129, 146 (3d Cir. 2014) (explaining that “the existence or non-existence of pending 

parallel state proceedings is but one factor for a district court to consider”). The District 

Court considered the relevant factors, see Reifer, 751 F.3d at 146, and did not abuse its 

discretion in declining to exercise jurisdiction under the DJA.2

developed arguments or those not properly raised and discussed in the appellate 

briefing.”); Doeblers’ Pa. Hybrids, Inc. v. Doebler, 442 F.3d 812, 821 n.10 (3d Cir. 2006) 

(noting that “passing and conclusory statements do not preserve an issue for appeal”). 

And we will not search through their District Court filings to make arguments for them. 

See Chi. Bd. of Educ. v. Substance, Inc., 354 F.3d 624, 630 (7th Cir. 2003) (stating that 

incorporation by reference is not a valid method to raise arguments on appeal); Northland 

Ins. Co. v. Stewart Title Guar. Co., 327 F.3d 448, 452 (6th Cir. 2003) (disallowing 

incorporation of arguments by reference); DeSilva v. DiLeonardi, 181 F.3d 865, 867 (7th 

Cir. 1999) (“A brief must make all arguments accessible to the judges, rather than ask 

them to play archaeologist with the record.”). 

2 The Farinas argue that the District Court improperly applied the standard for motions to 

dismiss. However, the District Court here did not dismiss their complaint for failure to 

state a claim or for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. Nor did it, as the Farinas contend, 

convert the motion to dismiss to one for summary judgment. Rather, as discussed above, 

it declined to exercise its jurisdiction under the DJA.
5

Motion to Amend

We review the District Court’s denial of the motion to amend for an abuse of 

discretion. See U.S. ex rel. Zizic v. Q2Administrators, LLC, 728 F.3d 228, 243 (3d Cir. 

2013); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2) (providing that, after time to amend has expired, 

party may amend with consent of opposing party or leave of court, which should be given 

when justice requires).

The District Court denied the Farinas’ motion to amend because they did not 

include a proposed amended complaint with their motion. In their motion to amend, they 

explained that they intentionally did not attach a proposed amended complaint because 

they expected that the District Court’s ruling on their motion for declaratory relief would 

narrow down the parties they would be suing. See ECF #84 at 1 (stating that “we 

intentionally are waiting to see who we should proceed against based on the court’s 

guidance”).

On appeal, the Farinas argue that Local Rule 15.1 allows the District Court to 

excuse them from attaching a proposed amended complaint and that they sought to be 

excused. See Rule 15.1(a) of the Local Rules of the United States District Court for the 

District of New Jersey (providing that “Except as provided in section (b) of this Rule, or 

as may be excused by the Court, a party who seeks leave to amend a pleading . . . shall 

attach to the motion: (1) a copy of the proposed amended pleading). However, that the 

District Court could excuse the omission does not mean that it was obligated to do so. 

The District Court chose not to excuse them from attaching the proposed amended 

complaint, and, under the circumstances, it did not abuse its discretion by doing so or by 
6

denying their motion to amend. See Zizic, 728 F.3d at 243 (noting that a failure to attach 

a proposed amended complaint is fatal to a motion to amend); Ranke v. SanofiSynthelabo Inc., 436 F.3d 197, 206 (3d Cir. 2006) (same); Ramsgate Ct. Townhome 

Ass’n v. W. Chester Borough, 313 F.3d 157, 161 (3d Cir. 2002) (same). The District 

Court was not obligated to provide “guidance” to aid the Farinas with drafting their 

amended complaint. See Pliler v. Ford, 542 U.S. 225, 231 (2004) (noting that “District 

judges have no obligation to act as counsel or paralegal to pro se litigants”).

Motion to Alter or Amend the Judgment

The Farinas challenge the District Court’s denial of their motion to alter or amend 

the judgment. We review the denial of a motion to alter or amend the judgment for an 

abuse of discretion. See Max’s Seafood Cafe v. Quinteros, 176 F.3d 669, 673 (3d Cir. 

1999). In a motion to alter or amend the judgment, a party must show “(1) an intervening 

change in controlling law; (2) the availability of new evidence; or (3) the need to correct 

clear error of law or prevent manifest injustice.” Lazaridis v. Wehmer, 591 F.3d 666, 669 

(3d Cir. 2010) (per curiam). 

On appeal, the Farinas argue that the District Court disregarded the “substantial 

well established case law” they cited in their Rule 59(e) motion. Br. at 20. They then 

discuss caselaw related to arguments about their mortgage which were not relevant to the 

District Court’s decision to decline to exercise its jurisdiction or to deny leave to amend. 

They briefly note their disagreement with the District Court’s determination that the 

public interest would not be served by its exercise of discretion under the DJA but point 

to no clear legal error in that determination. Moreover, the public interest factor was but 
7

one factor the District Court considered in its decision. The District Court did not abuse 

its discretion in denying the motion to alter or amend the judgment.

Motion to strike

While the motion to alter or amend was pending, the Farinas filed a motion to 

strike. They focused on the details of their underlying mortgage claims and requested 

that several filings of the Appellees be struck pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f), including 

“anything [opposing counsel] relied on from the state documents that were proven to be 

false,” all certifications by the attorneys, and all references to the assignment of the 

mortgage and the Loan. ECF #100 at 15-16. After the District Court denied the motion 

to alter or amend, it denied the motion to strike as moot. In their brief, the Farinas do not 

discuss the denial of the motion to strike beyond mentioning that it was not opposed and 

stating that the order should be reversed and remanded. Br. at 7. As noted above, we do 

not consider undeveloped arguments or those not properly raised and discussed in a brief. 

See Barna, 877 F.3d at 145-46; Doeblers’ Pa. Hybrids, Inc., 442 F.3d at 821 n.10.

Conclusion

For the above reasons, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment. The Farinas’ 

motion for sanctions is denied. Their motion for leave to file exhibits in support of their 

reply brief and motion to file an overlong reply brief are granted.