# This document c ontains t he 2004 Holland America

Oosterdam Sampling E p isode Report for sampling episode

6506. T he repor t and all the appendices can be downloaded

from

http://www.epa.gov/owow/o ceans/cruise_ships/oosterdam.html



# Holland America Oosterdam

Sampling Episode Report

March 2006

# Sampling Episode Report

Holland America Oosterdam

Sampling Episode 6506

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Oceans and Coastal Protection Division

Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds

Engineering and Analysis Division

Office of Science and Technology

Office of Water

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, D.C. 20460

March 2006

# ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND DISCLAIMER

This report was prepared by the Engineeri ng and Analysis Division of the Office of

Science and Technology and the Oceans and Coastal Protection Division of the Office of

W e tlands, Oceans, and W a tersheds of the U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency. Neither the

United States Governm e nt nor any of its em pl oyees, contractors, subcontractors, or their

em ployees m ake any warrant, expressed or im plied, or assum e any legal liability or

responsibility for any third party’s use of, or the results of, such use of any inform ation,

apparatus, product, or process discussed in this report, or represents that its use by such party

would not infringe on privately owned rights.

The prim ary contact regarding questions or com m ents on this docum ent is:

Dr. Elizabeth Kim

U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency

Oceans and Coastal Protection Division, OW OW (4504T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

W a shington, DC 20460

(202) 566-1270 (telephone)

(202) 566-1546 (fax)

kim

. elizabeth@epa.gov

For detailed technical inquiries on this docum ent:

Donald Anderson

U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency

Engineering and Analysis Division, OST (4303T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue

, NW

W a shington, DC 20460

(202) 566-1021 (telephone)

(202) 566-1053 (fax)

anderson.donaldf@epa.gov

# TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

E XECUTIVE 

# S UMMARY



# ......................................................... v i

1.0 I NTRODUCTION



# .................................................. 1

- 1

2.0 W ASTEWATER 

# S YSTEM AND 

# S AMPLING 

# P OINTS



# ......................... 2

- 1

2

. 1 W a s t e w a t e rG e n e r a t i o n a n d C o l l e c t i o n

......................... 2

- 1

2

. 2 W a s t e w a t e rT r e a t m e n t

...................................... 2

- 1

2.2.1 ROCHEM Graywater Treatm e nt System

................. 2

- 2

2.2.2 ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System

........... 2

- 4

2

. 3 G r a y w a t e r

, S e w a g e

, a n d R e s i d u a l S a m p l e C o l l e c t i o n P o i n t s

........ 2

- 6

2

. 4 F l o w M e t e r L o c a t i o n s

...................................... 2

- 7

3.0 S AMPLE 

# C OLLECTION



# ............................................. 3

- 1

3.1 Pre-Sam p ling Activities

..................................... 3

- 1

3.2 Sam p le Collection and Analysis Methodology

................... 3

- 1

3.3 Converting Solids Mass Units to Volum e Units

.................. 3

- 2

3.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control

............................ 3

- 3

3

. 5 I n t e r v i e w w i t h t h e S h i p ’ s C r e w

............................... 3

- 3

3

. 6 D e v i a t i o n s f r o m t h e S a m p l i n g a n d A n a l y s i s P l a n

................. 3

- 3

4.0 R ESULTS AND 

# D ISCUSSION



# ......................................... 4

- 1

4

. 1 L a b o r a t o r y A n a l y t i c a l R e s u l t s a n d D i s c u s s i o n

................... 4

- 1

4.1.1 Graywater

.......................................... 4

- 1

4.1.2 Influent to Graywater Treatm e nt System

.................. 4

- 4

4.1.3 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the

G r a y w a t e r T r e a t m e n t S y s t e m

.......................... 4

- 7

4.1.4 Effluent from Graywater Treatm e nt System

............... 4

- 7

4.1.5 W a stewater Treatm e nt System Perform a nce: Com p arison of

Influent to Graywater Treatm e nt System and Effluent from

G r a y w a t e r T r e a t m e n t S y s t e m

.......................... 4

- 9

4.1.6 Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System

.......... 4

- 1 1

4.1.7 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the

S e w a g e / G r a y w a t e rT r e a t m e n t S y s t e m

................... 4

- 1 5

4.1.8 Effluent from the Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System

.... 4

- 1 5

4.1.9 W a stewater Treatm e nt System Perform a nce: Com p arison of

Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System and Effluent

f r o m S e w a g e / G r a y w a t e r T r e a t m e n t S y s t e m

.............. 4

- 1 8

4.1.10 Final Com b ined Treated Effluent from Graywater and

S e w a g e / G r a y w a t e rT r e a t m e n t S y s t e m s

.................. 4

- 2 0

4.1.11 Screening Solids, W a ste Biosludge, and Incinerator Ash

.... 4

- 2 3

4.1.12 Source W a ter

...................................... 4

- 2 3

4.2 Sum m a ry of Interviews Regarding Activities that Im pact W astewater

G e n e r a t i o n

.............................................. 4

- 2 4

i

# TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

4.2.1 W a stewater Generation

.............................. 4

- 2 4

4.2.2 Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Use

............... 4

- 2 7

4

. 3 F l o w D a t a

............................................... 4

- 2 7

5.0 D ATA 

# Q UALITY



# ................................................. 5

- 1

5.1 Analytical Quality Control

................................... 5

- 1

5.1.1 Cyanide Results

..................................... 5

- 2

5.1.2 Am m onia Results

.................................... 5

- 2

5.2 Field Quality Control

....................................... 5

- 3

5.2.1 Trip Blank

......................................... 5

- 3

5.2.2 Equipm ent Blank

.................................... 5

- 4

5.2.3 Field Duplicates

..................................... 5

- 4

6.0 R EFERENCES



# .................................................... 6

- 1

Appendix A A NALYTICAL RESULTS



# Appendix A-1 Pathogen Indicators An alytical Results, Holland Am erica

O o s t e r d a m

.................................................... A

- 1

Appendix A-2 Analytical Results, Except Pathogen Indicators,

H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

..................................... A

- 1 5

Appendix A-3 Analytical Results Collected Onboard, Holland Am erica

O o s t e r d a m

.................................................. A

- 1 3 1

Appendix B R AW 

# F LOW 

# D ATA 

# C OLLECTED FROM 

# 14 S EPTEMBER 

# T HROUGH 

# 24 S EPTEMBER



# 2004

Appendix C I NTERVIEW 

# R ESULTS FOR 

# A CTIVITIES THAT 

# I MPACT 

# W ASTEWATER 

# G ENERATION



# Appendix D D ATA 

# R EVIEW 

# N ARRATIVES AND 

# O THER 

# A NALYTICAL 

# I SSUES



# Appendix E S AMPLING AND 

# A NALYSIS 

# P LAN FOR 

# H OLLAND 

# A MERICA 

# O OSTERDAM 

# S AMPLING



# E PISODE 

# 6506

ii

# LIST OF TABLES

Page

2-1 W astewater, Sam p ling Point, and Flow Meter Descriptions, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

.............................................. 2

- 9

2-2 T reatm e nt Residual and Incinerator Ash Descriptions, Holland Am erica

O o s t e r d a m

.................................................... 2

- 1 3

3-1 S am ple Collection Method Descriptions, Holland Am erica Oosterdam

...... 3

- 4

3-2 S am ple Collection Methods and Analyte Groups Tested by Sam p ling Point,

H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

....................................... 3

- 5

3-3 A nalytes and Analytical Methods, Holland Am erica Oosterdam

.......... 3

- 1 2

3

- 4 F i e l d M e a s u r e m e n t E q u i p m e n t

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............ 3

- 1 3

3-5 D eviations from the Sam p ling and Analysis Plan, Holland Am erica

O o s t e r d a m

.................................................... 3

- 1 4

4

- 1 G r a y w a t e r A n a l y t i c a l R e s u l t s

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............. 4

- 2 9

4-2 I nf luent to Graywater Treatm e nt System Analytical Results, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 4

- 3 3

4-3 I nf luent to Graywater UV Disinf ection Analytical Results, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 4

- 3 8

4-4 E ffluent from Graywater Treatm e nt System Analytical Results, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 4

- 3 9

4-5 G raywater Treatm e nt System : Perform ance Data for Pathogen Indicators,

H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

...................................... 4

- 4 3

4-6 G raywater Treatm e nt System : Perform ance Data for Analytes Other Than

Pathogen Indicators, Holland Am erica Oosterdam

..................... 4

- 4 4

4-7 I nfluent to Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System Analytical Results,

H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

...................................... 4

- 4 8

4-8 I nfluent to Sewage/Graywater UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 4

- 5 3

4-9 E ffluent from Sewage/Graywater Tr eatm e nt System Analytical Results,

H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

...................................... 4

- 5 4

iii

# LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Page

4-10 Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System : Perform a nce Data for Pathogen

I n d i c a t o r s

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................. 4

- 5 8

4-11 Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System : Perform a nce Data for Analytes

Other than Pathogen Indicators, Holland Am erica Oosterdam

............ 4

- 5 9

4

- 1 2 F i n a l C o m b i n e d T r e a t e d E f f l u e n t

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

.......... 4

- 6 3

4-13 Treatm e nt System Residuals and Incinerator Ash Analytical Results,

H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

...................................... 4

- 6 7

4

- 1 4 S o u r c e W a t e rA n a l y t i c a l R e s u l t s

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

........... 4

- 7 0

4-15 Flow Data by Sam p ling Period, Holland Am erica Oosterdam

............ 4

- 7 2

5-1 A vailable and Total Cyanide Analytical Results, Holland Am erica

O o s t e r d a m

..................................................... 5

- 7

5

- 2 A m m o n i a A n a l y t i c a l R e s u l t s

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............... 5

- 9

5

- 3 E q u i p m e n t B l a n k A n a l y t i c a l R e s u l t s

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

........ 5

- 1 1

5-4 F ield Duplicate Analytical Results f o r Classical Pollutants, Total

and Dissolved Metals, and Sem i volatile Organics, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 5

- 1 2

5-5 F ield Duplicate Analytical Results for Pathogen Indicators and Volatile

O r g a n i c s

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

.............................. 5

- 2 4

iv

# LIST OF FIGURES

Pages

2-1 G raywater and Sewage Collection, Ho lding, and Transfer System - Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 2

- 1 4

2

- 2 R O C H E M G r a y w a t e r T r e a t m e n t S y s t e m - H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

.... 2

- 1 5

2-3 R OCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatm e nt System - Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 2

- 1 6

4

- 1 T o t a l D a i l y F l o w

, H o l l a n d A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

....................... 4

- 7 3

4-2 A verage Hourly Graywater Treatm e nt System Flow, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 4

- 7 4

4-3 A verage Hourly Sewage/Graywat er Treatm e nt System Flow, Holland

A m e r i c a O o s t e r d a m

............................................. 4

- 7 5

v

# E X E CUTIVE 

# S UMMARY



# Sampling Episode Report for Holland America Oosterdam

This Sam p ling Episode Report describes the sam p ling and analysis activities to

characterize wastewater (graywater and sewage) generated and discharged by the cruise vessel

Holland Am erica Oosterdam while in Alaska wate rs. This sam p ling took place from Septem ber

18 through Septem ber 23, 2004, under the direction of the U.S. Environm ental Protection

Agency (EPA). The sam p ling program is part of EPA’s data collection effort to evaluate

whether to develop wastewater discharge sta ndards for cruise vessels, under 33 USC 1901 Note,

for cruise vessels authorized to carry 500 or m o re passengers for hire when operating in the

waters of the Alexander Archipelago or the navigable waters of the United States within the

State of Alaska or within the Kachem ak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. EPA will

use inform ation from the sam p ling of this vessel and three other cruise ships in Alaska to

characterize wastewater generated and discharged by large cruise vessels with advanced

wastewater treatm e nt system s.

EPA selected the Holland Am erica Oosterdam to characterize the perform a nce of

two ROCHEM UF System e Gm bH wastewater treatm e nt system s. The ROCHEM LPRO

treatm e nt system , which is used to treat accom m odations and laundry wastewater onboard the

Oosterdam

, is an advanced wastewater treatm e nt system that uses low pressure reverse osm o sis

followed by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. The ROCHEM Bio-Filt® treatm e nt system , which is

used to treat sewage, galley wastewater, and m e m b rane concentrate generated by the ROCHEM

graywater treatm e nt system onboard the Oosterdam

, is an advanced wastewater treatm e nt system

that uses aerobic biological oxidation followed by ultrafiltration and UV disinfection. Sam p les

were collected of various wastewater sour ces (accom m odations, laundry, galley, and food pulper

wastewater), influents to the treatm e nt system s, influents to the UV disinfection com ponents of

the treatm e nt system s, effluents from the treatm e nt system s, source water, wastewater treatm e nt

residuals (screening solids and wastewater biosl udge), and incinerator ash. W a stewater source

sam p les were collected for a single 24-hour sam p ling period, while sam p les of the influents to

and effluents from the treatm e nt system s were collected for five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling

periods.

vi

# Strap-on ultrasonic flow m e ters were installed near the sam p ling locations for

accom m odations wastewater, influents to treatm e nt, effluents from treatm ent, and com b ined

effluent discharge to collect flow data and, in som e cases, to trigger autom a tic sam p ling

m achines.

Various sam p le collection m e thods (com posite by flow, com posite by tim e, grab,

and grab com posite) were used depending on the sam p ling point and the analyte. Tested

analytes include pathogen indicators (fecal coliform

, E. coli , enterococci), classical pollutants,

total and dissolved m e tals, volatile and sem i volatile organics, pesticides, polychlorinated

biphenyls, and dioxins and furans. Not all sam p les were analyzed for all target analytes.

Accom m odations wastewater contained the greatest num ber of analytes detected

at the highest concentrations am ong graywater sources, m o st notably E. coli , enterococci, and

m o st m e tals. Food pulper wastewater contained relatively few analytes detected at the highest

concentrations am ong graywater sources; however, it showed the highest concentrations for

several analytes com m only used to m easure wastewater strength: biochem i cal oxygen dem a nd

(BOD

5 

# ), chem ical oxygen dem a nd (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). Galley and laundry

wastewater sam p les showed the highest concen trations for only 15 and 7 analytes, respectively.

The influent to the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system contained key analytes,

such as pathogen indicators, BOD

5 

# , COD, and total suspended solids (TSS), at concentrations

sim ilar to those in typical dom estic wastewater, even though this system does not treat any

sewage. Of the 54 m e tal analytes tested for, 26 were detected in every influent to graywater

treatm e nt system sam p le. Am ong the 201 target analytes for volatile and sem i volatile organics

and pesticides, only 4 were detected in any influent to graywater treatm e nt sam p les, m o st at

concentrations close to their detection lim its.

Because of water conservation m easures onboard cruise ships (such as vacuum

toilets), the inf l uent to the ROCHEM sewage/gra ywater treatm e nt system contained key analytes

such as pathogen indicators, BOD

5 

# , COD, and TSS at concentrations m u ch higher than those in

typical dom estic wastewater. Of the 54 m e tals an alytes tested for, 32 were detected in every

vii

# influent to sewage/graywater sam p le. Am ong the 360 target analytes for volatile and

sem i volatile organics, pesticides, and polychlorin ated biphenyls, 20 were detected in Oosterdam

influent to sewage/graywater treatm e nt sam p les, m o st at concentrations close to their detection

lim its.

The ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system successfully rem oved alm o st all

pathogen indicators (>99%) and m o st classical pollu tants, m e tals, and organics. Fecal coliform

was detected in 2 of the 15 effluent graywater tr eatm e nt sam p les, enterococci was not detected in

any effluent sam p les, and E. coli was detected in 1 of 15 effluent sam p les. The graywater

treatm e nt system rem oved m o st BOD

5 

# (80%), COD (85%), and TOC (70%), and rem oved

settleable residue and TSS to below detectable levels. The graywater system reduced total

Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), which m easures both am m onia and organic form s of nitrogen by 76%,

and total phosphorus by 90%, while nitrate/nitrite levels rem a ined relatively unchanged. The

graywater treatm e nt system was highly efficien t at rem oving particulate m e tals, and rem oved

dissolved m e tals at an average of 52%. The graywater treatm e nt system did not significantly

reduce volatile and sem i volatile organics.

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system successfully rem oved alm o st

all pathogen indicators (>99%) and m o st classical pollutants, m e tals, and organics. Fecal

coliform was not detected in any of the 15 e ffluent sewage/graywater treatm e nt sam p les,

enterococci was detected in 4 of 15 effluent sam p les, and E. coli was detected in 1 of 15 effluent

sam p les. The sewage/graywater treatm e nt system s rem oved alm o st all BOD

5 

# (>99%), COD

(95%), and TOC (86%), and rem oved settleable residue and TSS to below detectable levels. The

sewage/graywater treatm e nt system s reduced total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), which m easures

both am m onia and organic form s of nitrogen by 70%, and total phosphorus by 41%, while

nitrate/nitrite levels rem a ined relatively unchanged. The sewage/graywater system was highly

efficient at rem oving particulate m e tals, and rem oved dissolved m e tals at an average of 40%.

The sewage/graywater treatm e nt system rem oved m o st of the volatile and sem i volatile organics

to concentrations below detection levels.

viii

# The ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system generates two types of residuals:

screening solids (f rom a vibratory screen f ilter at the beginning of the treatm e nt system ) and

spent bag f ilters (used f o r pretreatm e nt prior to reverse osm o sis). Screening solids are collected

m a nually and disposed of in the incinerator system for discharge outside of 12 nm from shore.

Spent bag filters are shredded and incinerated onboard. The ROCHEM sewage/graywater

treatm e nt system also generates two types of residuals: screening solids (from a vibratory screen

filter at the beginning of the treatm e nt system ) and waste biosludge (excess biological m a ss from

the treatm e nt system ’s bioreactors). The screening solids and biosludge are pum ped to a doublebottom holding tank for overboard discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. Most of the analytes

detected in these residual wastes were also detected in the influent to the treatm e nt system

. For

m a ny analytes, concentrations in the screening solids and waste biosludge exceeded those in the

influent to treatm e nt, suggesting that these analytes are rem oved from the system in these waste

stream s.

On average, each person generated 31 gallons of untreated accom m odations and

laundry wastewater and 23 gallons of untreat ed sewage, galley wastewater, and m e m b rane

concentrate per day. Average com b ined discharge from the graywater and sewage/graywater

treatm e nt system s was 45 gallons per person per day.

ix

# 1.0 

# I NTRODUCTION



# This Sam p ling Episode Report (SER) describes the Environm ental Protection

Agency’s sam p ling and analysis activities to characterize graywater and sewage generation and

treatm ent by Holland Am erica Cruise Line’s cruise ship m s Oosterdam (Oosterdam ) while in

Alaska waters. This sam p ling episode took place from Septem ber 18 through Septem ber 23,

2004, under the direction of the Engineering and An alysis Division of the Office of Science and

Technology, and the Oceans and Coastal Protection Division of the Office of W e tlands, Oceans,

and W a tersheds of the U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency (EPA).

The Oosterdam is an 85,000 gross-ton cruise vessel launched in 2003. The vessel

has 11 decks, a length of 951 feet, and a beam of 105.8 feet. The Oosterdam ’ s m a xim um

cruising speed is 24 knots. Its port of registry is Rotterdam , Netherlands. During the sam p ling

episode, the Oosterdam carried 1,857 passengers and 768 crew. The ship’s itinerary was as

f

o llows:

Date Port

Septem ber 18, 2004 Seattle, W A

Septem ber 19, 2004 Cruising Inside Passage

Septem ber 20, 2004 Juneau, AK

Septem ber 21, 2004 Cruising Hubbard Glacier

Septem ber 22, 2004 Sitka, AK

Septem ber 23, 2004 Ketchikan, AK

Septem ber 24, 2004 Victoria, BC



# This sam p ling program is part of EPA’s data collection efforts to evaluate

whether to develop wastewater discharge standard s for cruise vessels authorized to carry 500 or

m o re passengers for hire when operating in the waters of the Alexander Archipelago or the

navigable waters of the United States within th e State of Alaska or within the Kachem ak Bay

National Estuarine Research Reserve (hereafter referred to as Alaska waters). Such regulations

are authorized by “Title XIV - Certain Alaskan Cruise Ship Operations” of the Miscellaneous

Appropriations Bill (H.R. 5666) passed by C ongress on Decem ber 21,2000 in the Consolidated

1-1

# Appropriations Act of 2001 (Pub L. 106-554, Sections 1401-1414, 33 USC 1901 Note). The

data and inform ation gathered through this sam p ling episode were collected using EPA' s

authority under section 308 of the Clean W a ter Act, as also provided by Title XIV. Holland

Am erica Line voluntarily provided inform ation and data gathered for and represented in this

report, notwithstanding the above cited authority, in the interest of research for the im provem ent

of wastewater treatm ent standards.

EPA selected the Holland Am erica Oosterdam to characterize the perform ance of

two ROCHEM UF System e Gm bH (Ham burg, Germ a ny) wastewater treatm ent system s. The

ROCHEM LPRO treatm e nt system , which is used to treat accom m odations and laundry

wastewater onboard the Oosterdam

, is an advanced wastewater treatm ent system that uses low

pressure osm o sis followed by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. The ROCHEM Bio-Filt® treatm e nt

system , which is used to treat sewage, galley wastewater, and m em b rane concentrate generated

by the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system onboard the Oosterdam

, is an advanced

wastewater treatm ent system that uses aerobi c biological oxidation f o llowed by ultraf iltration

and UV disinfection. EPA will use the analytical and flow data included in this sam p ling

episode report to evaluate the perform ance of the ROCHEM graywater and sewage/graywater

treatm ent system s, and to analyze patterns and variability in wastewater sources.

Sam p les were collected in accordance with procedures specified in the to

Generic Sampling and Analysis Plan for Large Cruise Ships in Alaska Waters (Generic SAP)

and the ship-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan for Holland America Oosterdam (Oosterdam

SAP). The Oosterdam SAP is presented in Appendix E and the Generic SAP is available on

EPA’s website at http:// w w w.epa.gov/owow/oceans/cruise_ships/GenericSAP040602.pdf

.

P athogen indi cator analyses were performed onboards and s am p le s for all other analyses were

shipped to shoreside EPA-contract laboratories for analysis. Appendix D identifies all

EPA-contract laboratories used in this sam p ling episode.

Section 2.0 of this SER describes the generation, collection, and treatm ent of

graywater and sewage on the Oosterdam

, as well as the sam p ling point and flow m eter locations

1-2

# used in this sam p ling episode. Section 3.0 describes the sam p le collection m ethods and

deviations from the Oosterdam SAP. Section 4.0 presents and analyzes the analytical, flow, and

shipboard data collected during the sam p ling episode. Section 5.0 describes the quality

assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures and results. Section 6.0 presents references

used in this docum ent. Tables and figures referred to in the text are located at the end of each

section.

1-3

# 2.0 

# W ASTEWATER 

# S YSTEM AND 

# S AMPLING 

# P OINTS



# This section describes graywater and sewage generation, collection, and treatm e nt

on the Oosterdam

, as well as the sam p le collection points and flow m e ter locations and

installation points used in this sam p ling episode.

2.1 Wastew a ter Generation and Collection

The ship’s collection, holding, and transfer system (CHT) collects and transfers

graywater and sewage generated onboard to the ship’s ROCHEM graywater and

sewage/graywater treatm e nt system s or to overboard discharge. For the purpose of this report,

graywater refers to non-sewage wastewaters th at are collected by the CHT system

. The CHT

system is com posed of five subsystem s , referred to by the ship’s crew as the galley, food pulper,

accom m odations, laundry, and sewage system s. Figure 2-1 is a sim p lified diagram of the

Oosterdam ’ s graywater and sewage CHT system

. W a stewater sources collected by each of the

five subsystem s are described in Table 2-1. Potable water is used as source water for all ship

operations that generate graywater and sewage (e.g., laundry, galley, food pulper, sinks, showers,

and toilets). Potable water is produced onboard and seldom bunkered while in port.

2.2 Wastew a ter Treatment

W a stewater treatm e nt onboard the Oosterda m is com posed of two different types

of ROCHEM system s designed to treat low con centration wastewater and high concentration

wastewater separately. Low concentra tion wastewater (laundry and accom m odations

wastewater) are routed to the ROCHEM graywa ter treatm e nt system (see Section 2.2.1 below),

and high concentration wastewater (passenge r and crew galley wastewater, sewage, and

m e m b rane concentrate from the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system ) are routed to the

ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system (s ee Section 2.2.2 below). Effluent from the two

treatm e nt system s are com b ined for discharge overboard through a single port. Figure 2-2 is a

sim p lified diagram of the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system and Figure 2-3 is a sim p lified

diagram of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system

.

2-1

# 2.2.1 ROCHEM Grayw ater Treatment System

The Oosterdam is outf itted with a ROCHEM LPRO treatm e nt system (ref e rred to

in this report as the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system ), an advanced wastewater treatm e nt

system that uses low pressure reverse osm o sis followed by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection to treat

low concentration wastewater (i.e., accom m odations and laundry wastewater). Figure 2-2 is a

sim p lified diagram of the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system

.

W a stewater from the accom m odations and laundry CHT subsystem s culm inates

in three graywater holding tanks. From the graywater holding tanks, the wastewater is pum ped

through a vibratory screen filter (m esh size 104 μm ) to rem ove coarse solids such as fibers, hair,

and large sedim e nt (the system has two filters, which alternate operation each m onth). After the

vibratory screen f ilter, antiscale chem icals are added and the wastewater is f iltered using a bag

f ilter to prevent f ouling or blockage of the subsequent reverse osm o sis m e m b ranes. Next, the

wastewater passes through two trains of reverse osm o sis m e m b rane units operated in parallel.

Together, the two trains contain a total of 80 individual reverse osm o sis m odules organized in

m u ltiple sets or blocks of 8. The reverse osm o sis m odules use cross flow design (wastewater

flows parallel to m e m b rane surface) to m i nim i ze fouling. Mem b rane perm eate (85% of

treatm e nt system influent by volum e) collects in sm all perm eate tanks (one tank for each train),

while m e m b rane concentrate (15% of treatm e nt system influent by volum e) is routed to the

ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system for further treatm e nt (see below). Sodium

hydroxide is added to the perm eate for pH control as it is pum ped from the perm eate tanks to the

final stage of treatm e nt, UV disinfection. The hydraulic residence tim e of the treatm e nt system

(i.e., the am ount of tim e the wastewater stays in the treatm e nt system ) is approxim a tely 12 hours.

The ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system is also equipped with a second stage

of reverse osm o sis m e m b ranes and perm eate tanks designed to operate in series with the first

stage described above. However, treated wastewater from the first stage bypasses these

com ponents of the system as they are not needed to achieve Holland Am erica’s effluent quality

requirem e nts. The second stage m e m b ranes are arranged in two parallel trains with a com b ined

2-2

# total of 40 reverse osm o sis m odules. The second stage can be used in em ergency situations,

such as during upset or m a intenance of the first stage.

According to the ship’s crew, the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system can treat

approxim a tely 650 m 3 

# (172,000 gallons) per day of low concentration wastewater. During the

sam p ling episode, the average daily load to the system was 307 m 3 

# (81,000 gallons), as

determ ined by m easured flows collected by the sam p ling crew.

The ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system operates continuously, regardless of

the ship’s location (e.g., in port, at sea within Alaska waters, at sea outside Alaska waters). The

vessel typically continuously discharges treated wastewater from this system overboard. W h en

overboard discharge is suspended, such as when the ship cruised Hubbard Glacier, the treated

effluent is diverted to double-bottom holding tanks, where it is held for eventual discharge

outside of 12 nautical m iles (nm ) from shore.

The ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system generates two types of residuals:

screening solids (f rom the vibratory screen f ilter) and spent bag f ilters. Screening solids

(approxim a tely 20 gallons per day) are collected m a nually and disposed of in the incinerator

system

. Four spent f ilter bags are generated each day and are shredded and incinerated

onboard.

The graywater system is cleaned when transm em brane pressure exceeds 5 bars

(approxim ately every 600 hours). The m em b ranes soak in caustic and then acid cleaning

solutions for 45 m i nutes and are then rinsed. Spent cleaning solutions and rinse water are routed

to the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt sy stem for treatm ent. The individual reverse

osm o sis m odules in the treatm ent system are placed in standby m ode while in the cleaning

sequence. Occasionally, the m em b rane m odules undergo a m o re aggressive chem ical soak

sim ilar to that described in Section 2.2.2 for the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm ent system

.

2-3

# 2.2.2 ROCHEM Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System

The Oosterdam is outf itted with a ROCHEM Bio-Filt® treatm e nt system

(referred to in this report as the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm ent system ), an advanced

wastewater treatm e nt system that uses aerobi c biological oxidation f o llowed by ultraf iltration

and UV disinfection to treat high concentration wastewater (sewage, galley wastewater, and

m e m b rane concentrate generated by the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system ). Figure 2-3 is a

sim p lified diagram of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system

.

W a stewater from the galley and sewage CHT subsystem s culm inates in two

buffer tanks, the first com ponent of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system

.

Mem b rane concentrate from the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system is also routed to the

buffer tanks. W a stewater is pum ped between the two buffer tanks to produce a hom ogeneous

influent to the treatm e nt system

. An antifoam ch em ical is added to the recirculation loop. From

the buffer tanks, the wastewater is pum ped through a vibratory screen filter (m esh size 104 : 

# m)

to rem ove coarse solids (the system has two filters, which alternate operation each m onth).

Filtered wastewater collects in a filtrate tank, where sodium hydroxide is added to control pH.

From the filtrate tank, the wastewater is pum ped to eight aerated bioreactor/

ultrafiltration m e m b rane treatm e nt trains operated in parallel. Each bioreactor/ultrafiltration

train consists of eight segm ents of bioreact ors and nine m e m b rane m odules. The bioreactor

segm ents operate in parallel while the ultrafiltration m odules are arranged in both parallel and

serial form ation (three sets of m odules operate in series with each set consisting of three m odules

operated in parallel). (Note that ROCHEM personnel and the ship’s crew refer to the treatm e nt

trains as “blocks,” with two blocks in a “stag e” and two stages in a “line,” for a total of two

lines.)

The ultrafiltration m odules use cross flow design (wastewater flows parallel to

m e m b rane surface) to m i nim i ze fouling. Mem b rane perm eate (10 to 15 % of treatm ent system

influent) collects in sm all perm eate tanks (one tank for each train). Mem b rane concentrate (85 to

90% of treatm e nt system influent), consisting of particulate m a tter and m i xed liquor (wastewater

2-4

# containing organic m a tter and biological floc), is returned to the bioreactors. This pressurized

return stream also serves as the m echanism for bioreactor aeration and m i xing by driving eductor

pum ps that take in air which is then released as fine bubbles in the bioreactors. A

transm em brane pressure of 4 bars is required for proper operation.

Com b ined wastewater from the perm eate tanks undergoes UV disinfection as the

final stage of treatm e nt. The hydraulic residence tim e of the treatm e nt system is less than one

day.

According to the ship’s crew, the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system

can treat approxim a tely 330 m 3 

# (87,200 gallons) per day of high concentration wastewater.

During the sam p ling episode, the average daily load to the system was 227 m 3 

# (59,900 gallons),

as determ ined by m easured flows collected by the sam p ling crew.

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system operates continuously,

regardless of the ship’s location (e.g., in port, at sea within Alaska waters, at sea outside Alaska

waters). The vessel typically continuously discharges treated wastewater from this system

overboard. W h en overboard discharge is suspended, such as when the ship cruised Hubbard

Glacier, the treated effluent is diverted to double-bottom holding tanks, where it is held for

discharge outside of 12 nautical m iles (nm ) from shore.

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system generates two types of

residuals: screening solids (from the vibratory screen filter) and waste biosludge (excess

biological m a ss from the bioreactors). Screeni ng solids (approxim a tely 50 gallons per day) are

pum ped from the filter’s solids collection tank to a double-bottom holding tank for discharge

outside of 12 nm from shore. W aste biosludge is rem oved (or “wasted”) from the bioreactors

to m aintain a constant biom ass concentration in the bioreactors. The typical wasted biosludge

volum e is approxim ately 25 m 3 

# per day and is determ ined by m easuring the bioreactor total

suspended solids (m ixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration. The target MLSS

2-5

# 2.3 concentration is 15,000 m g /L. W a ste biosludge is held in a double-bottom holding tank for

discharge outside of 12 nm from shore.

W h ile the cross-flow design m i nim i zes m e m b rane fouling, solids accum u late on

the m e m b rane surface, which increases transm em brane pressure and reduces perm eate

production. The system backwashes the m e m b ranes every 40 m i nutes to keep the m e m b ranes

clean; this backwash rem a ins in the system

. In addition, air is periodically introduced from the

perm eate side to physically rem ove solids from the m e m b rane surface. The ultrafiltration

m e m b ranes are also chem ically cleaned when transm em brane pressure reaches 5 bars

(approxim a tely every 600 hours). The cleaning cycle takes a full day. During the cleaning

process, two different chem icals are cycled through the m odules in both forward and reverse

directions: caustic for five hours and then acid fo r four to five hours. Finally, the m odules are

rinsed with fresh water to avoid any contam ination of the bioreactors with cleaning agents.

Spent cleaning solutions and rinse water are routed to a double-bottom holding tank (the sam e

tank as for waste biosludge) for discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. During the cleaning

cycle, the bioreactor/ultrafiltration stage is in stand-by m ode, and all wastewater is diverted to

other bioreactor/ultrafiltration stages. W h ile in stand-by m ode, the eductor system on that stage

does not operate; air spargers located at the bottom of the bioreactors provide sufficient air

supply and m i xing to m a intain the m i croorganism s.

Grayw ater, Sew age, and Residual Sample Collection Points

Sam p les were collected from the graywater source (accom m odations, laundry,

galley, food pulper), influents to the treatm e nt sy stem s, influents to the UV disinfection portion

of the treatm e nt system s, effluents from the tr eatm e nt system s, source water (water from the

ship’s potable water system ), wastewater treatm e nt residuals, and incinerator ash. Table 2-1

describes the wastewaters sam p led, their sam p ling point locations, their flow m easurem ent

locations (if applicable), and the num ber of days they were sam p led. Table 2-2 provides the

sam e inform ation for the treatm e nt residuals and incinerator ash sam p led. In general, graywater

and wastewater treatm e nt residual sam p les were taken for one 24-hour period, while sam p les of

2-6

# 2.4 the influents to and effluents from the treatm e nt system s were taken for five 24-hour periods.

See Section 3.2 and Table 3-2 for inform ation on the analytes tested.

Sam p les were collected f r om the ship’s potable water system (source water) to

determ ine if any of the target analytes were present as background contam ination. One trip

blank was prepared and analyzed f o r volatile organics to evaluate possible contam ination during

shipm e nt and handling of sam p les. Finally, an equipm ent blank was prepared and analyzed to

evaluate possible contam ination by the sam p ling equipm ent.

Sam p les were not taken directly from the sewage CHT system

. In addition,

sam p les could not be collected of wastewater held in double-bottom holding tanks for discharge

outside 12 nm from shore (i.e., treated effluent diverted to storage while the ship cruised

Hubbard Glacier) because (1) double-bottom holding tanks cannot be accessed directly due to

safety consideration, and (2) sam p ling from the holding tank discharge m a nifold would

characterize com b ined holding tank discharges a nd not discharges specific to the holding tanks

of

interest.

Flow Meter Locations

Strap-on ultrasonic flow m e ters (Controlotron Model 1010) were installed at six

sam p ling locations to collect flow data and, in som e cases, to control an autom a tic com posite

sam p le m achines (by triggering sam p le collection after a defined am ount of flow passed through

the pipe). The first location was on the outlet pipe from one of the accom m odations holding

tanks (accom m odations wastewater, SP-1; see Tabl e 2-1 for a description of wastewaters and

Figure 2-1 for a sim p lified graywater and sewage CHT system diagram showing sam p ling points

and flow m e ter locations). The second location was the at the influent to the graywater treatm e nt

system on the com b ined graywater inlet pipe to the vibratory screen f ilter (SP-6; see Table 2-1

and Figure 2-2). The flow m e ter at SP-6 could not be used to trigger collection of flow-weighted

com posite sam p les because high wastewater pressure caused continuous collection of sam p le

when the sam p le tap was left open. Instead, influent to graywater treatm e nt system sam p les

were collected as grab com posite sam p les (see Table 3-1 for a description of sam p le collection

2-7

# m e thods). The third location was at the efflue nt from the graywater treatm e nt system on the

outlet pipe from the UV disinfection unit (SP-8/ 9; see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-2). This flow

m e ter collected flow data and triggered collec tion of flow-weighted com posite sam p les through

the end of Day 3 of sam p ling. At this tim e, high wastewater pressure caused the flow m e ter to

lose signal strength. Repeated attem p ts to run the flow m e ter set-up and calibration procedures

were unsuccessful. Flow data for sam p ling Days 4 and 5 were not collected and the

corresponding sam p les were collected as grab com posite sam p les.

The f ourth location was at the inf l uent to the sewage/graywater treatm ent system

on the inlet pipe to the vibratory screen f ilter (SP-11; see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-3). The f i f

t h

location was the effluent from the sewage/graywat er treatm e nt system on the outlet pipe from the

UV disinfection unit (SP-13/14; see Figure 2-3). The f i nal location was the f i nal com b ined

effluent from the graywater and sewage/graywat er treatm e nt system s on the overboard discharge

line (SP-16; see Table 2-1 and Figures 2-2 and 2-3).

Sam p ling points for galley and laundry wastewaters were located on piping that

would not support the installation of strap-on u ltrasonic flow m e ters (see Table 2-1), precluding

collection of flow data and flow-weighted com posite sam p les at these sam p ling points. Tim e

weighted com posite sam p les were collected at the galley and laundry wastewater sam p ling

points (see Table 3-1 for a description of the sam p le collection m e thods). Flow estim ates for the

food pulper wastewater were provided by the ship’s crew.

2-8

# 2-9Table 2-1Wastewater, Sampling Point, and FlowMeter Descriptions, Holland America OosterdamDescriptions of wastewaters sampled, sampling point locations, flow meter locations, and number of days sampled for the Oosterdamsampling episode(September 18 through September 23, 2004).Wastewater NameWastewater Description (a)SamplingPoint #(b)(c)SamplingPoint Description (b)FlowMeter Description (b)# ofDaysSampledAccommodationsWastewaterfromsinks,tubs,and showers inguest and crew rooms,barsinks,salon sinksand floordrains,medical sinks and floordrains,most interiordeck drains,and nonengine roomshop sinks.Accommodations wastewaterdrains to fiveaccommodations wastewater holding tanksapproximatelyequal in size.SP-1Sample tap was installed on the outletpipe fromone of the holding tanks.According to the ship’s crew, all sixholding tanks receive similarwastewater; therefore, the specificholding tank sampled was selected basedon accessibility.Strap-on flow meterwas installed on theoutlet pipe fromone of theaccommodations wastewater holdingtanks (the samedischarge line as theinstalled sample tap).1 (Day3)LaundryWastewaterfromlaundryequipment andlaundryfloordrains.All laundrywastewaterdrains to a single laundryholding tank.Discharge pumps forthe laundryholding tankactivate byboth a liquid level indicatorand atimer to provide relatively constant flow to theROCHEM graywater treatment system.SP-2Sample tap was installed on the outletpipe fromthe laundrywastewaterholding tank.Flow data forlaundrywastewaterwerenot obtained.Strap-on flow meterset-up andcalibration procedure was unsuccessfulon the outlet pipe fromthe laundrywastewaterholding tank,most likelydueto close proximityto pumps and othersources of turbulence.Pipeconfigurations precluded all otherlocations.1 (Day1)GalleyWastewater fromdishwashers, foodpreparation,galleysinks,galleydeck drains,and galleyfloorwashing (typicallyhandmops).Galleywastewaterdrains through grease trapsinto two galleyholding tanks (one forthecrew galleyand one forthe two passengergalleys).SP-3Sample tap was installed on the inletpipe to the crew galley grease tap.According to the ship’s crew, bothgrease traps receive similar wastewater;therefore, the specific grease trapsampled was selected based onaccessibility.Flow data forgalleywastewaterwerenot obtained.Strap-on flow meterwas not suitable forgravityflow piping (i.e.,piping that isnot full) at the inlet to the grease trap.Pipe configurationsprecluded all otherlocations.1 (Day2)(a)List of wastewatersources maynot be comprehensive.(b)See Figures 2-1,2-2,and 2-3 forsimplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywaterand sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flowmeterlocations.Food PulperWastewater, VacuumSystem(SP-4) is not listed in this table assamples could not be collectedfromthis sampling location (seeTable 3-5).(c)Two sampling point numbersindicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 fordetails on duplicate sampling.Table 2-1 (Continued)



# 2-10Wastewater NameWastewater Description (a)SamplingPoint #(b)(c)SamplingPoint Description (b)FlowMeter Description (b)# ofDaysSampledFood Pulper,Centrifuge SystemWastewaterfromthe centrifuge food pulpersystem(one of two food pulpersystems on theOosterdam).Food waste is mixed with waterand processedinto a slurry.The food slurryis then separatedinto semi-dryfood solids and wastewater(food pulperwastewater)using a centrifuge.Food solids are incinerated onboard,whilefood pulperwastewateris recirculated withinthe food pulpersystem.Once perdaythefood pulperwastewateris drained fromthecentrifuge to a drain tank and replaced withfresh water.The drain tank has additionalinlet pipes to receive wastewater fromasecond food pulpersystem(not operatedduring the sampling episode),as well as wastefromgalley grease traps.SP-5Sample tap was installed on the foodpulpercentrifuge systemoutlet pipe (i.e.,the inlet pipe to the drain tank).Flow measurements not required.Approximately8 to 10 m3of food pulperwastewateris generated perdayfromthetwo food pulper systems, according tothe ship’s crew.1 (Day5)Influent to ROCHEMGraywater TreatmentSystemCombined wastewaters fromtheaccommodations and laundrycollection,holding,and transfer(CHT)subsystems.Wastewater fromthe accommodations andSP-6Sample tap was installed on thecombined graywater inlet pipe to thetreatment system(before the vibratoryscreen filter).Strap-on flow meterwas installed on thecombined graywater inlet pipe tovibratory screen filter (the sameinlet/pipe as the installed sample tap).5laundryCHTsubsystemsculminates in threegraywaterholding tanks.Flow metercould not be used to triggercollection of flow-weighted compositesamples because ofhigh wastewaterpressure.Influent to UVGraywaterfollowing treatment byreverseSP-7Sample tap was installed on the inletFlow measurements not required.5Disinfection partofosmosis but prior to ultraviolet (UV)pipe to the UV disinfection unit.the ROCHEMdisinfection.Graywater TreatmentSystem(a)List of wastewatersources maynot be comprehensive.(b)See Figures 2-1,2-2,and 2-3 forsimplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywaterand sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flowmeterlocations.Food PulperWastewater, VacuumSystem(SP-4) is not listed in this table assamples could not be collectedfromthis sampling location (seeTable 3-5).(c)Two sampling point numbersindicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 fordetails on duplicate sampling.Table 2-1 (Continued)



# 2-11Wastewater NameWastewater Description (a)SamplingPoint #(b)(c)SamplingPoint Description (b)FlowMeter Description (b)# ofDaysSampledEffluent fromROCHEM GraywaterTreatment SystemFinal treated graywatereffluent fromtheROCHEM graywater treatment system.Effluent fromthe ROCHEMgraywatertreatment systemis combined with effluentfromthe ROCHEM sewage/graywatertreatment systemand is typicallycontinuouslydischarged overboard.Where discharge isprohibited,the combined effluent is divertedto storage tanks foroverboarddischargeoutside 12 nmfromshore.SP-8/9Sample tap was installed on the outletpipe fromUV disinfection unit,close tothe unit and upstreamof where thegraywater effluent is combined withsewage/graywatereffluent foroverboarddischarge.Piping distance fromthe graywatereffluent sample tap to the overboarddischarge port is 30 m.Strap-on flow meterwas installed on theoutlet pipe fromUV disinfection,closeto the unit and upstreamof where thegraywater effluent is combined withsewage/graywatereffluent foroverboarddischarge (the sameoutlet pipe as theinstalled sample tap).Flow data forthe effluent fromtheROCHEM graywater treatment systemwerecollected through Day3 of thesampling episode,but werenot obtainedon Days4 and 5.At the end of Day3,high wastewater pressure caused theflow meterto lose signal strength.Repeated attempts to run the flow meterset-up and calibration procedures wereunsuccessful.5Influent to ROCHEMSewage/GraywaterTreatment SystemCombined wastewaters fromthe galley andsewage CHT systems.Also includes reverseosmosis concentrate fromthe ROCHEMgraywater treatment system.SP-11Sample tap was an existing sample tapinstalled on the recirculation loop thatmixes wastewater fromthe two buffertanks.Strap-on flow meterwas installed on theinlet pipe to the vibratory screen filter.5Wastewater fromthe galley and sewage CHTsubsystemsculminates in two buffer tanks, thefirst component of the ROCHEMsewage/graywater treatment system.Reverseosmosis concentrate fromthe ROCHEMgraywater treatment systemis also routed tothe buffertanks.Wastewateris pumpedbetween the two buffertanks to produce ahomogeneous influent to the treatment system.Influent to UVWastewaterfollowing treatment bybiologicalSP-12Sample tap was installed on the inletFlow measurements not required.5Disinfection partofoxidation and ultrafiltration but prior to UVpipe to the UV disinfection unit.ROCHEMdisinfection.Sewage/GraywaterTreatment System(a)List of wastewatersources maynot be comprehensive.(b)See Figures 2-1,2-2,and 2-3 forsimplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywaterand sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flowmeterlocations.Food PulperWastewater, VacuumSystem(SP-4) is not listed in this table assamples could not be collectedfromthis sampling location (seeTable 3-5).(c)Two sampling point numbersindicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 fordetails on duplicate sampling.Table 2-1 (Continued)



# 2-12Wastewater NameWastewater Description (a)SamplingPoint #(b)(c)SamplingPoint Description (b)FlowMeter Description (b)# ofDaysSampledEffluent fromROCHEMSewage/GraywaterTreatment SystemFinal treated sewage/graywater effluent fromthe ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatmentsystem.Effluent fromthe ROCHEMgraywatertreatment systemis combined with effluentfromthe ROCHEM sewage/graywatertreatment systemand is typicallycontinuouslydischarged overboard.Where discharge isprohibited, the combined wastewater isdiverted to storage tanks foroverboarddischarge outside 12 nmfromshore.SP-13/14Sample tap was installed on the outletpipe fromthe UV disinfection unit,closeto the unit and upstreamof where thesewage/graywater effluent is combinedwith graywatereffluent foroverboarddischarge.Piping distance fromthesewage/graywatereffluent sample tap tothe overboarddischarge port is 45 to 50m.Strap-on flow meterwas installed on theoutlet pipe fromthe UV disinfectionunit,close to the unit and upstreamofwhere the sewage/graywater effluent iscombined with graywater effluent foroverboarddischarge (the sameoutletpipe as the installed sample tap).5Final CombinedTreated EffluentCombined treated effluent fromthe graywaterand the sewage/graywater treatment systems.Combined effluent is typicallycontinuouslydischarged overboard.Where discharge isprohibited, the combined wastewater isdiverted to storage tanks foroverboarddischarge outside 12 nmfromshore.SP-16Sample tap was installed on theoverboarddischarge line,downstreamofwhere graywater and sewage/graywatereffluents are combined and downstreamof the diversion valve that directswastewaterto eitheroverboarddischargeorstorage in double-bottomholdingtanks.Piping distance fromthe combinedeffluent sample tap to the overboarddischarge port is <1 m.Strap-on flow meterwas installed on theoverboarddischarge line,downstreamofwhere graywater and sewage/graywatereffluent and combined and downstreamof the diversion valve that directswastewaterto eitheroverboarddischargeorstorage in double-bottomholdingtanks (the sample discharge line as theinstalled sample tap).5Source WaterPotable water used as source water for allsystems that generate wastewater that istreated by the ROCHEM graywater andsewage/graywater treatment systems.SP-17Samples collected froma bathroomsinkin a sampling teammember’s cabin.Flow measurements not required.1 (Day2)(a)List of wastewatersources maynot be comprehensive.(b)See Figures 2-1,2-2,and 2-3 forsimplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywaterand sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flowmeterlocations.Food PulperWastewater, VacuumSystem(SP-4) is not listed in this table assamples could not be collectedfromthis sampling location (seeTable 3-5).(c)Two sampling point numbersindicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 fordetails on duplicate sampling.

# 2-13Table 2-2Treatment Residual and Incinerator Ash Descriptions,Holland America OosterdamTreatmentResidual NameTreatmentResidual DescriptionSamplingPoint # (a)Sampling Point Description (a)FlowMeter Description (a)# DaysSampledIncineratorAshAsh generated fromthe incineration of trash(e.g.,cardboard,paper,plastic),food solidsfromthe food pulpersystems,ROCHEMsewage/graywater screening solids, and spentbag filters.SP-10Samples were collected directly fromanincineratorash storage hopper.Flow measurements not required.1 (Day5)Incinerator ash is collected in incinerator ashstorage hoppersfordisposal onshore.GraywaterScreening SolidsSolids generated bythe vibratoryscreen of theROCHEM graywater treatment.Screening solids are collected manually anddisposed of in the incineratorsystemfordischarge outside of 12 nmfromshore.SP-15Samples were collected directly fromaplastic screening solids storagecontainer.Flow measurements not required.Approximately20 gallons of graywaterscreening solids are generated perday,according to the ship’s crew.1 (Day3)Sewage/GraywaterScreening SolidsSolids generated bythe vibratoryscreen of theROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system.Screening solids are pumped fromthe filter’ssolids collection tank to a double-bottomholding tank fordischarge outside of 12 nmfromshore.SP-20Sample tap was installed on the pipe thattransfers screening solids fromthefilter’s solids collection tank to thedouble-bottomholding tank.Flow measurements not required.Approximately50 gallons ofsewage/graywater screening solids aregenerated per day, according to the ship’screw.1 (Day3)Sewage/GraywaterWaste BiosludgeWaste biosludge removed dailyfromthebioreactors ofthe ROCHEM sewage/graywatertreatment system.Waste biosludge is pumped to a double-bottomholding tanks foroverboarddischarge outside12 nmfromshore.SP-21Sample tap was installed on the pipe thattransfers waste biosludge fromthebioreactors to the double-bottomholdingtank.Flow measurements not required.Approximately25 m3of waste biosludgeis generated per day, according to theships crew.1 (Day3)(a)See Figures 2-1,2-2,and 2-3 forsimplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywaterand sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meterlocations.

# Pa ss e n g e r G a l l e y Buf f e r T a nk s

Wa s t e w ate r (2 )

H o l d i n g T a nk ( 1 ) 35 m 3 

# ea ch

17 8 m 3 

# [s e e F i g u r e 2- 3 ]

Se w a g e

C o l l ec tio n T a n k s

(4 )

3 m 3 

# to 4 m 3 

# ea ch

Dr a i n T a n k SP

- 4

Ce nt ri fu ge /

De c a n t e r

( F o od S y s t e m B)

Fo o d W a st e

Dr y e r

( F o od S y s t e m A )

SP

- 5 F ood S o l i ds t o W e t F o od W a s t e O n b o a rd In c i ne r a t o r

F ood P u l p e r

W a s t ew at er



# Fo o d Dr y e r

S c r e en D r ai n W as t e w a te r to D o u b l e

B o tt o m H o ld i n g T a n k f o r

Gr e a s e Di s c h a r g e Ou t s i d e 1 2 n m

Tr a p Li q u i d

F ood P u l p e r

W a s t ew at er



# Fo o d So l i d s t o We t F o o d Was t e O n b o a rd In c i ne r a t o r

SP

- #

EF

M D e s i gna t e d S a m p l i n g P o i n t

(# ) EP A F l o w M e t e r

Nu m b e r o f T a

n k s 

# Mi d s h i p

Ac c o m m o d a t i o n s

H o l d i ng T a nk ( 1 )

~1 0 m 3 

# SP

- 1 EF M Ac c o m m o d a t i o n s

Was t ew a t e r

Ac c o m m o d a t i o n s

Ho l d i n g T a n k s

(4 )

~1 0 m 3 

# Ac c o m m o d a t i o n s

Was t ew a t e r

L a un dr y

Was t ew a t e r

H o l d i ng T a nk ( 1 )

11 4. 5 m 3 

# Lau n d r y

Was t ew a t e r Gr a y wa t e r Ho l d i n g

Ta n k s

(3 )

23 2 m 3 

# co m b in ed

[s e e F i g u r e 2- 2 ]

SP

- 2

SP

- 3 C r ew G a l l ey

Wa s t e w ate r

H o l d i n g T a nk ( 1 )

47 m 3



# An t i f o a m

Che m i c a l

A d di t i on Gr e a s e

Tr a p

Gr e a s e

Tr a p Cr e w G a l l e y

W a s t ew at e r

Pa ss e n g e r Ga l l e y s

Was t ew a t e r

Se w a g e



# Figure 2-1. Grayw ater and Sew age Collection, Holding, and Transfer System - Holland

America Oosterdam

Sim p lified diagram of the Holland Am erica Oosterdam graywa ter and sewage CHT system

. See Table 2-1 for a list

of wastewater stream s in each wastewater source.



# 2-14

# 2-15Caustic andNaOHpHAcidWashControlAntiscaleChemicalAccomodationsWastewaterGraywaterHoldingTanksVibratoryScreenFilterBag FilterSP-6EFMSP-15PermeateTankLaundryWastewaterSolidsPermeateTankEffluentfromSpentBagScreeningSolidstoFiltersReverseOsmosisMembranesReverseOsmosisMembranesCaustic andGraywater/SewageDouble-BottomHoldingUltravioletDisinfectionSP-7EFMSP-8/9EFMSP-16StorageinDoubleTank forDischargeAcidWashTreatmentSystemBottomHoldingOutside12 nm[seeFigure2-3]Tanksfor DischargeMembraneConcentratetoOutside12nmOnboardIncineratorSP-10Graywater/SewageFoodSolidsTreatmentSystem[seeFigure2-3]ROCHEMGraywaterScreeningSolidsOtherSolidWasteOverboard ContinuousDischargeSP-#EFMDesignatedSamplingPointEPAFlowMeterIncineratorAsh DisposedOnshoreFigure 2-2.ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System - Holland America OosterdamSimplified diagramof the Holland America OosterdamROCHEM graywater treatment system.See Table 2-1 for a list of wastewaterstreams in each wastewatersource, and Figure 2-1 for their collection and conveyance to the treatment system.

# 2-16ConcentrateCrewGalleyBufferTankSP-11EFMBufferTankNaOHpHWastewaterAirControlMixedLiquorMembraneConcentratefromGraywaterTreatmentSystemVibratoryFilterScreenSP-20SludgePermeateAntifoamChemicalSolidsAdditionPassengerGalleyWastewaterFiltrateTankBioreactorSegments(8)WasteBiosludgeCollectionTankSP-21EffluentfromMembraneModules(9)EFMSP-13/14SP-16UVDisinfectionSP-12PermeateTankEFMStorageinDouble-GraywaterSewageBottomHoldingTreatmentSystemTanksfor Discharge[seeFigure2-2]Outside12nmDouble-BottomHoldingScreening SolidstoWasteBiosludgetoTankfor DischargeDouble-BottomHoldingOutside 12nmTankfor DischargeOutside 12nmOverboardContinuousDischargeSP-#EFMDesignatedSamplingPointEPAFlowMeterTreatmenttrainwitheightbioreactorsegmentsandninemembranemodules.Atotal ofeighttreatmenttrainsareoperatedinparallel.Wastebiosludgefromalleighttreatmenttrainsiscollectedintoa single waste biosludge collectiontank,whilepermeateiscollectedintotwopermeatetanks,eachreceivingpermeate fromfourtreatmenttrains.Figure 2-3.ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System - Holland America OosterdamSimplified diagramof the Holland America OosterdamROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system.See Table 2-1 for a list of wastewater streams in eachwastewater source, and Figure 2-1 for their collection and conveyance to the treatment system

# 3.0 

# S AMPLE 

# C OLLECTION



# This section describes the sam p le collection and analysis m e thods and deviations

from the ship-specific Sam p ling and Analysis Plan for Holland Am erica Oosterdam (Oosterdam

SAP; Appendix E). A m o re detailed explanati on of the sam p ling m e thodologies, analytes and

analytical m e thods, sam p ling frequency and durati on, schedule, and logistics that were followed

during sam p ling onboard the Oosterdam can be found in Section 3.0 of the Oosterdam SAP.

3.1 Pre-Sampling Activities

EPA perform e d an engineering ship visit to the Oosterdam on March 28, 2004.

The Oosterdam SAP was prepared based on inform ation collected during that ship visit and

from subsequent follow-up com m unication with Holland Am erica personnel. One week prior

to the sam p ling episode, personnel conducted sam p ling setup activities onboard the Oosterdam

,

including loading sam p ling equipm ent and the onboard laboratory, inspecting the installed

sam p ling ports, installing the strap-on ultrasonic flow m eters, and installing and program m i ng

the autom atic sam p ling m achines.

3.2 Sample Collection and Analysis Methodology

In general, graywater and wastewater treatm e nt residual sam p les were taken for

one 24-hour period, while sam p les of the influents to and effluents from the treatm e nt system s

were taken for five consecutive 24-hour periods (see Tables 2-1 and 2-2). Various sam p le

collection m e thods (described in Table 3-1) were used depending on the waste stream and

analyte (see Table 3-2). Most sam p les were com posited over each 24-hour sam p ling period or

were single grab sam p les in a 24-hour period. However, m u ltiple (1 to 3) grab sam p les per 24­

hour period were collected for pathogen indicator analyses because these sam p les m u st be

analyzed within 6 hours of collection (see Table 3-2). Table 3-3 describes the analyte groups

and lists the analytical m e thods used.

3-1

# 3.3 Each tim e a grab or grab com posite sam p le was taken, another separate sam p le

was placed in a separate container to perform field m easurem ents of pH, tem p erature,

conductivity, salinity, turbidity, sulfide, and free and total chlorine. Tem p erature and pH were

m easured im m e diately at the sam p ling point, and the rem a ining param e ters were m easured at the

sam p le staging area onboard. See Table 3-4 for equipm ent used for these m e asurem ents. Field

m easurem ents were used prim arily to determ ine sam p le preservation requirem e nts. Sam p les

(other than those for field m easurem ents) were preserved in accordance with procedures

described in the Oosterdam SAP (Appendix E), with exceptions as noted in Section 3.6 and

Table 3-5. Note that while Alaska and Federal regulations for cruise ship discharges include

standards for total residual chlorine, the equipm ent used to m easure residual chlorine onboard

was not suitable for m easuring low levels of chlorine (detection lim it of 20 μg/L com p ared to a

standard of 10 μg/L) and was subject to various interferences, such as from oxidized form s of

m a nganese. Accordingly, the field m easurem ents collected during this sam p ling episode should

not be used to assess com p liance with cruise ship discharge standards.

Flow data were collected from the strap-on flow m e ters installed by the sam p ling

team

. See Section 2.4 for descriptions of the flow m e ter locations and Figures 2-1 through 2-3

for their locations. The flow m e ters were program m e d to record the instantaneous flow rate

(m 3 

# /m in) and total f l ow (m 3 

# ) every five m i nutes.

Converting Solids Mass Units to Volume Units

The food pulper, screening solids (from both treatm e nt system s), and waste

biosludge sam p les had high solids contents; therefore, the results listed below were reported by

the laboratories in m a ss units.

C 

# Food pulper: classical pollutants (except settleable residue and BOD

5 

# ),

m e tals, and volatile and sem i volatile organics;

C 

# Screening solids: classical pollutants, m e tals, and volatile and sem i volatile

organics; and

C 

# W a ste biosludge: classical pollutants (except available cyanide), m e tals,

and volatile organics.

3-2

# Solids contents for these sam p les ranged from 1.4% to 26%. To allow for direct com p arison of

these results to those of other wastewater sam p les, m a ss units for these sam p les were converted

to volum e units using the following equation and assum i ng a sam p le density of 1:

Am ount (m ass units) * (% solids/100) = Am ount (volum e units)

All data in this report pertaining to food pulper, screening solids, and waste

biosludge sam p les are reported in volum e units. The laboratory data packages, which are

included in the Cruise Ship Rulem a king Record and available upon request, contain the original

m a ss units results reported by the laboratories. Note that the analytical results f o r the incinerator

ash sam p le were also reported in m a ss units. However, the incinerator ash results were not

converted because the sam p le was 100% solids.

3.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control

Duplicate sam p les were collected f o r quality assurance and quality control.

Results for duplicate sam p les were averaged. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for

details on duplicate sam p ling. Other field quality control sam p les prepared for this sam p ling

episode include a trip blank and an equipm ent blank, which are discussed in Sections 5.2.1 and

5.2.2, respectively.

3.5 Interview w i th the Ship’s Crew

The ship’s crew was interviewed to obtain inf o rm ation regarding activities that

im pact wastewater generation. See Appendix C for details on these interviews and Section 4.2

for a sum m a ry.

3.6 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

The sam p ling episode proceeded as specified in the Oosterdam SAP with the

deviations described in Table 3-5.

3-3Table 3-1Sample Collection Method Descriptions, Holland America Oosterdam



# 3-4Sample CollectionMethodDescriptionComposite byFlowFlow-weighted composite sampleswere collectedusing an automatic sampling machine interfaced with an installed strap-on ultrasonic flowmeter (see Section 2.4).The flow meter signaled the automaticsampling machine to collect a 250-mLsample aliquot each time afixedquantityof wastewater passed through the wastewater pipe.Thenumber of composite sample aliquots collected per 24-hour samplingperiod ranged fromapproximately30 to 70, depending on the totalvolume of sample required for planned analyseseach samplingday.Sample aliquots were collected into a 10-L sample composite jarstored within the sampling machine.At the end of each 24-hoursamplingperiod, the sample composite jar(s) were mixed and poured intoindividual sample bottles for analysis.Samples collected usingthecomposite-by-flow method best representa waste stream flowing through a pipe.Composite byTimeTime-weighted composite samples were collected using an automaticsampling machine programmed to collect 250-mL sample aliquots atfixed time intervals.The programmed time interval differed bysampling point (see Table 3-2).The number of composite samplealiquotscollected per 24-hour sampling period rangedfrom approximately40 to 50, depending on the total volume of sample required forplannedanalyses.Sample aliquots are collected intoa 10-L sample composite jar stored withinthe sampling machine.At the end of the 24-hoursampling period, the sample composite jar(s) were mixed and poured into individual sample bottles for analysis.The composite-by-timemethod was used when the composite-by-flowmethod was not feasible (see Table 3-2).GrabGrab samples were discrete samples collected directlyintothe sample bottles fromthe sample tap or through Teflon® tubingconnected tothe sample tap.Note that samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected asgrab samples (as opposed to composite samples)because theymust be analyzed within a 6-hour holding time.Grab CompositeSamples (1 to 4 per 24-hour sampling period) were manuallycollected as grab samples but composited either in thefield or at the laboratoryfor a single analysis.The grab compositemethod was used when the composite-byflow or composite-by-time methods were notappropriate.Volatile organics- grab samples were collected directlyinto sample vials, which were filled completelyto avoid loss of target analytes byvolatilization.Grab samples for each 24-hour period for analysisof volatile organics were composited bythe laboratoryfor asingleanalysis.Total and available cyanide- grab samples were chemicallypreserved as soon as possible to minimize interferences.The preserved totaland available cyanide grab samples for each 24-hour period werecomposited onboard bythe sampling teamfor a single analysis.Hexane extractable material/silica-gel treatedhexane extractable material (HEM/SGT-HEM)- grab sampleswere collected directlyinto sample containers to avoid loss of HEM/SGT-HEM that might adhere to the interior of anyinterim sampling container (e.g.,samplecomposite jar).The sampling team prepared composite HEM/SGT-HEM samples onboard for a single analysis per sampling period perdaybyfilling approximatelyone-fourth (250-mL) of the sample containers when theycollected each grab sample, resulting in 1-liter of samplein each container at the end of each sampling period.Table 3-2Sample Collection Methods and Analyte Groups Tested by Sampling Point, Holland America Oosterdam



# 3-5Wastewater NameSamplingPoint #(a)(b)Sample Collection Methods (c)Analyte Groups Tested (d)# ofDaysSampledAccommodationsSP-1Composite by flowTwenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group IITotal and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organics1 (Day3)Grab compositeCollection times of the four subsamples in the composite can be found in Appendix A-3..Classical pollutants:- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideVolatile organicsGrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-1 shows the collection time.Pathogen IndicatorsLaundrySP-2CompositebytimeAutomatic sampling machine was programmed tocollect sample aliquots at 10-minute timeintervals during the 24-hour sampling period.The sampling machine successfully collected samplealiquots onlyduring the relativelyfewintervals during the 24-hour sampling period (0600 on9/18/04 to 0600 on 9/19/04) when the laundrywastewater holding tank discharge pumpturned on,thereby closely approximating a flow-weighted composite sample.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group IITotal and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organicsDioxins and furans1 (Day1)Grab compositeCollection times of the four subsamples inthe composite can be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideVolatile organicsGrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-1 shows the collection time.Pathogen indicators(a)See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywater and sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter locations.(b)Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken atthis point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling.(c)See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods.(d)See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used.Table 3-2 (Continued)



# 3-6Wastewater NameSamplingPoint #(a)(b)Sample Collection Methods (c)Analyte Groups Tested (d)# ofDaysSampledGalleySP-3CompositebytimeAutomatic sampling machine was programmed tocollect 250-mL sample aliquots at 20-minutetime intervals.The sampling machine successfullycollected sample aliquots onlyduring therelativelyfewintervals during the 24-hour sampling period (0600 on 9/19/04 to 0600 on 9/20/04)when crewgalleywastewater flowed through theinlet pipe to the grease trap, therebycloselyapproximating a flow-weighted composite sample.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group IITotal and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organicsPesticides1 (Day2)Grab compositeCollection times of the four subsamples inthe composite can be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideVolatile organicsGrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-1 shows the collection time.Pathogen indicatorsFood Pulper, CentrifugeSystemSP-5GrabOne grab sample was collected when the food pulper wastewater was drained fromthe centrifuge tothe drain tank.See Appendix A-3 for the collection time.Pathogen indicatorsClassical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I (except TDS andTSS)- Group II- Total and available cyanideTotal and dissolved metalsVolatile and semivolatileorganics1 (Day5)(a)See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywater and sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter locations.(b)Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken atthis point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling.(c)See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods.(d)See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used.Table 3-2 (Continued)



# 3-7Wastewater NameSamplingPoint #(a)(b)Sample Collection Methods (c)Analyte Groups Tested (d)# ofDaysSampledInfluent to ROCHEMGraywater TreatmentSystemSP-6Grab compositeCollection times for the four subsamples in thecomposites each day can be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group II- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideTotal and dissolved metalsVolatile and semivolatileorganics5GrabTwo grab samples were taken per sampling day.Results presented in Table 4-2 are an average foreach sampling day(calculation used detectionlimits for nondetected results).Results andcollection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1.Pathogen indicatorsInfluent to UVDisinfection part ofROCHEMGraywaterTreatment SystemSP-7GrabThree grab samples were taken per sampling day.Results presented in Table 4-3 are an average foreach sampling day(calculation used detectionlimits for nondetected results).Results andcollection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1.Pathogen indicators5Effluent fromROCHEMGraywater TreatmentSystemSP-8/9Composite by flow(Days 1 through 3)Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day.Grab composite (Days 4 and 5)Collection times of the four subsamples in thecomposites each daycan be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group IITotal and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organics5Grab compositeCollection times of the four subsamples in thecomposites each daycan be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideVolatile organicsGrabThree grab samples were taken per sampling day.Results presented in Table 4-4 are an average foreach sampling day(calculation used detectionlimits for nondetected results).Results andcollection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1.Pathogen indicatorsIncinerator AshSP-10GrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-3 shows the collection time.Total metalsSemivolatile organicsDioxins and furans1 (Day5)(a)See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywater and sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter locations.(b)Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken atthis point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling.(c)See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods.(d)See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used.Table 3-2 (Continued)



# 3-8Wastewater NameSamplingPoint #(a)(b)Sample Collection Methods (c)Analyte Groups Tested (d)# ofDaysSampledInfluent to ROCHEMSewage/GraywaterTreatment SystemSP-11Composite by flowTwenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group IITotal and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organicsPesticidesPolychlorinated biphenyls5Grab compositeCollection times of the four subsamples in thecomposites each daycan be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideVolatile organicsGrabTwo grab samples were taken per sampling day.Results presented in Table 4-7 are an average foreach sampling day.Results and collection timesfor each grab sample are presented in AppendixA-1.Pathogen indicatorsInfluent to UVDisinfection part ofROCHEMSewage/GraywaterTreatment SystemSP-12GrabThree grab samples were taken per sampling day.Results presented in Table 4-8 are an average foreach sampling day(calculation used detectionlimits for nondetected results).Results andcollection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1.Pathogen indicators5(a)See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywater and sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter locations.(b)Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken atthis point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling.(c)See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods.(d)See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used.Table 3-2 (Continued)



# 3-9Wastewater NameSamplingPoint #(a)(b)Sample Collection Methods (c)Analyte Groups Tested (d)# ofDaysSampledEffluent fromROCHEMSewage/GraywaterTreatment SystemSP-13/14Composite by flowTwenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group IITotal and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organics5Grab compositeCollection times of the four subsamples in thecomposites each daycan be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideVolatile organicsGrabThree grab samples were taken per sampling day.Results presented in Table 4-9 are an average foreach sampling day(calculation used detectionlimits for nondetected results).Results andcollection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1.Pathogen indicatorsGraywater ScreeningSolidsSP-15GrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-3 shows the collection time.Classical pollutants:- Group I- Group II- Total and available cyanideTotal metalsVolatile and semivolatileorganics1 (Day5)(a)See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywater and sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter locations.(b)Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken atthis point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling.(c)See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods.(d)See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used.Table 3-2 (Continued)



# 3-10Wastewater NameSamplingPoint #(a)(b)Sample Collection Methods (c)Analyte Groups Tested (d)# ofDaysSampledFinal Combined TreatedEffluentSP-16Composite by flowTwenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day.Classical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group IITotal and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organics5Grab compositeCollection times of the four subsamples in thecomposites each daycan be found in Appendix A-3.Classical pollutants:- HEM/SGT-HEM- Total and available cyanideVolatile organicsGrabThe number of grab samples taken per sampling daywere as follows: 2, 3, 3, 3, 3.Resultspresented in Table 4-12 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits fornondetected results).Results and collection timesfor each grab sample are presented in AppendixA-1.Pathogen indicatorsSource WaterSP-17GrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-3 shows the collection time.Pathogen indicatorsClassical pollutants:- BOD5- Settleable Residue- Group I- Group II- Total and available cyanideTotal and dissolve metalsVolatile and semivolatileorganics1 (Day2)Trip BlankSP-18GrabsampleOne grab sample was taken.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) water was poured directlyinto sample vials inthecontractor'sChantilly, VAsampling roomand shipped to the Oosterdam.The trip blank wasshipped back(unopened) to the laboratoryalong with the collected samples.Volatile organics1 (Day4)Equipment BlankSP-19GrabsampleOne grab sample was taken.The equipment blank consisted of HPLCwaterpumped through the automatic sampling machineand tubing and directlyinto the sample bottles.Total and dissolved metalsSemivolatile organics1 (Day2)(a)See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywater and sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter locations.(b)Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken atthis point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling.(c)See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods.(d)See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used.

# 3-11Table 3-2 (Continued)Wastewater NameSamplingPoint #(a)(b)Sample Collection Methods (c)Analyte Groups Tested (d)# ofDaysSampledSewage/GraywaterScreening SolidsSP-20GrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-3 shows the collection time.Classical pollutants:- Group I- Group II- Total and available cyanideTotal metalsVolatile and semivolatileorganics1 (Day3)Sewage/GraywaterWaste BiosludgeSP-21GrabOne grab sample was taken.Appendix A-3 shows the collection time.Classical pollutants:- Group I- Group II- Total and available cyanideTotal metalsVolatile and semivolatileorganics1 (Day3)(a)See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagramsof the Oosterdamgraywater and sewage CHTand treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow meter locations.(b)Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken atthis point for certain analytes.See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling.(c)See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods.(d)See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used.

# Table 3-3

Analytes and Analytical Methods, Holland America Oosterdam

An alyte Grou p A n a lytes A n a lytical Meth o d Nu mb er

Pathogen Indicators E. coli EPA 9223B

Enterococci ASTM D6503-99

Fecal coliform E PA 9222D

Classical Pollutants B iochemical oxy gen demand (BOD

5 

# ) E PA 405.1

Settleable Residue (SS) EPA 160.5

Group I:

- Tota l suspe nde d solids (TSS)

- Total dissolved solids (TDS)

- Sulfate

- Chloride

- Alkalinity EPA 160.2

EPA 160.1

EPA 375.4

EPA 325.3

EPA 310.1

Group II:

- Total organic carbon (TOC)

- Chemical oxy gen demand (COD)

- Ammonia as nitrogen

- Nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen

- Total Kjeldahl nitrogen

- Total phosphorus EPA 415.1, Lloy d Kahn (“solids” samples)

EPA 410.4

EPA 350.3

EPA 353.1

EPA 351.3

EPA 365.2

Oil and greas e m eas ured as hexane

extractable m a terial and petroleum

hy drocarbons m easured as silica-gel

treated hexane extractable m a terial

(HEM/SGT-HEM) EPA 1664A

Cy anide:

- Total cy anide

- Available cy anide EPA 335.2

EPA 1677

Hardness EPA 2340B

Total and Dissolved Metals See Appendix A-2 for a com p lete list of

total and dissolved m e tals analy zed. EPA 200.7, EPA 200.9 (thallium ) , EPA

245.1(mercury “liquid” samples), 245.5

(me r c u ry “solids” sa mple s)

Volatile and Sem i volatile

Organics See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of

volatile and sem i volatile organics

analy zed. EPA 624

EPA 625

Pesticides See Appendix A-2 for a com p lete list of

organohalide and organophosphorus

pesticides. EPA 1656A

EPA 1657A

Poly chlorinated Bipheny ls

(PCBs) See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of

P CBs analy zed. EPA 1668A

Dioxins and Furans See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of

dioxins and furans analy zed. EPA 1613B



# 3-12

# Table 3-4

Field Measurement Equipment, Holland America Oosterdam

Parameter Measured by:

pH Four-color pH paper

Tem p erature A lcohol therm o m e ter

Conductivity and Salinity Portable conduc tivity/salinity m e ter (YSI Model 30)

Turbidity Pocket turbidim eter (Hach Cat. No. 52600-00)

Sulfide C olorim eter (Hach DR 890)

Free and Total Chlorine Pocket colorim e ter (Hach Cat. No. 46700-00)



# 3-13Table 3-5Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan, Holland America Oosterdam



# 3-14DeviationDescriptionPathogen Indicators LaboratoryDuplicatesFor 5% of the pathogen indicators samples,duplicate 100-mL sample volumes were takenwith the intention that the laboratorywouldcomposite the 100-mLsample volumes and then analyze duplicate samples fromeach composite sample to evaluate laboratoryprecision (i.e., laboratoryduplicates).However, the laboratorydid not prepare composites,but instead analyzed each of the100-mLsample volumes individually.Accordingly,the resultsobtained fromthese analysesare field duplicate samples,not laboratoryduplicates, and are presented and handled assuch in thisreport.See Section 5.2.3 and Table 5-5 for details on duplicate sampling forpathogen indicators.LaundryWastewater (SP-2),Composite SamplesThe strap-on flow meter set-up and calibration procedure was unsuccessful at the laundrywastewater sampling point (on the outletpipe from the laundrywastewater holding tank), most likelydue toclose proximityto pumps and other sources of turbulence such asnearbymachinery.Asa result, flow datacould not be collected at this sampling point.In addition, the flow meter could notbe usedto initiate collection of flow-weighted composite samples at SP-2as described in the OosterdamSAP.As an alternative samplingmethodology, the automatic sampling machine was programmed to collecta time-weighted composite sample as described in Table3-2.EPAconcludedthat the collected samples were representative oflaundrywastewater as generated onboard the Oosterdam.Food Pulper Wastewater, VacuumSystem(SP-4)Samples of food pulper wastewater generated bythe vacuumfood pulper systemcould not be collected because this food pulpingsystem was not operating during the sampling episode.Influent to ROCHEM GraywaterTreatment System (SP-6), CompositeSamplesThe installed strap-on flow meter could notbe used to trigger collection of flow-weighted composite samples at this sampling pointbecause high wastewater pressure caused continuous collection of sample when the sampletap was left open.As an alternativesampling methodology, the sampling team collected manual grab composite samples as described in Table 3-2.EPA concluded thatthe collected sampleswere representative of the influent to the graywater treatment system onboard the Oosterdam.Effluent from ROCHEM GraywaterTreatment System (SP-8/9),Composite SamplesAt the end of Day3, high wastewater pressure caused the installed strap-on flow meter to lose signal strength.Repeated attempts torun the flow meter set-up and calibration procedures were unsuccessful.As a result, flow data could not be collected at thissamplingpoint for Days4 and 5.In addition, the flow meter could notbe used to initiate collection offlow-weighted composite samples atSP8/9 on Days4 and 5.As an alternative sampling methodology, the sampling team collected manualgrab composite samples on thesedaysas described in Table 3-2.EPAconcluded that the collected sampleswere representative of the effluent fromthe graywatertreatment systemonboard the Oosterdam.Final Combined Treated Effluent(SP16), Composite and Grab SamplesComposite byflow sampling at SP-16 was suspended on Day1from0600 to 1800 because overboard discharge was suspended whilethe ship was in Washington waters, and on Day4 from1000 to1430 because overboard discharge was suspended while the shipcruised Hubbard Glacier.(The flow meter that controlled composite byflow sample collection was located on the overboarddischarge pipe, but during this time the effluent was diverted to double-bottom holding tanks.)On Day1, onlytwo of the planned grab and grab composite sampleswere collected asthe sample tap wasalsolocated downstreamofthe valve that diverts the combined treated effluent to the double-bottom holding tanks.See Appendix A-1 for the sample collectiontimes.Grab and grab composite sample collection times on Day4 were notimpacted bythe suspended discharge.Table 3-5 (Continued)



# 3-15DeviationDescriptionCombined Graywater andSewage/Graywater Treatment SystemWaste Sludge (planned SP-15)The OosterdamSAPinaccuratelydescribed wastewater treatmentresidualsfromthe graywater and sewage/graywater treatmentsystems as being commingled inline as theyare pumped to storage in the double-bottom holding tank.Instead, the graywaterscreening solids are collected manuallyand incinerated onboard while the sewage/graywater screening solids and waste biosludgearepumped to storage at different times and are generallynotcommingled until combined in the double-bottomholding tank..Accordingly,there wasno meansof collecting a single sampleof combined wastewater treatment residuals (planned SP-15) asdescribed in the OosterdamSAP.Asa result, samplesof eachof the three treatment residuals(graywater screening solids(SP-15),sewage/graywater screening solids (SP-20), and waste biosludge (SP-21) were collectedseparately.See Table 2-2 for descriptions ofthe treatment residuals and their sampling point locations, and Table 3-2 for their sampling methodologies.Volatile Organics PreservationFree chlorine was detected in the pre-sampling field tests at all sampling points.Based on these results, the sampling teamprepreserved all volatile organics sample vials with sodiumthiosulfate rather than waiting to determine preservation requirementsbased on the free chlorine field test results.Free chlorine was generallydetected in grab samples collected throughout the samplingepisode.(Sample vialswere alsoprepreserved with hydrochloric acid to control biological activityasdiscussed in the OosterdamSAP.)Analytical MethodsEPA-contracted laboratories substituted comparable EPA analytical methods forcertain analytes.Table 3-3 liststhe actual analyticalmethods used bythe laboratories.Note that while the OosterdamSAP correctlylisted EPA Methods624 and 625 as the planned methods for analyzing volatile andsemivolatile organics, respectively,Appendix E of the OosterdamSAP mistakenlylisted the targetanalytes for EPA Methods 1624and 1625.Appendix A-2 of this report presents the actual list of target volatile and semivolatile organics.Sampling ScheduleThe sampling teamadjusted the sampling schedule in Appendix C of the OosterdamSAPto accommodate sampling logistics and shipoperations.Refer to Appendix A-3 of this report for actual samples collected and sample collection dates/times.Food Pulper Wastewater, CentrifugeSystem (SP-5), Analyte GroupsTestedAnalysesfor hardness,hexane extractable material (HEM), silica-gel treated hexane extractable material (SGT-HEM), total dissolvedsolids (TDS), total suspended solids, and dissolved metalswere not performed due to the high solids content in the sample.

# 4.0 

# R ESULTS AND 

# D ISCUSSION



# This section presents the data collected during this sam p ling episode. Section 4.1

presents the analytical results and discussion; Section 4.2 presents interview results for activities

that im pact wastewater generation; and Section 4.3 presents flow data and analysis. Analytical

results for field m easurem ents perform e d onboard are presented in Appendix A-3. Note that

anom alous analytical results were obtained for am m onia and total and available cyanide; these

data have not been excluded from the data set, but the results are presented and discussed in

Sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 (in the data quality section of this report) and not in the current section.

During the 2005 cruise season, EPA conducted a supplem entary sam p ling program to collect

additional am m onia data to better assess this analyte in cruise ship wastewater (See Section

5.1.2).

4.1 Laboratory Analytical Results and Discussion

4.1.1 Grayw ater

Table 4-1 presents analytical results for laundry, accom m odations, food pulper,

and galley wastewaters, which were sam p led for one 24-hour period. Only those analytes

detected at least once in any wastewater sam p le s (i.e., graywater sources, influents to treatm e nt

system s, or effluents from treatm e nt system s) ar e included in this table. Appendices A-1 and A2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes.

Of the 290 analytes tested for in the graywater sources, 65 were detected in these

waste stream s. Fifteen of these 65 analytes were also detected at som e level in the equipm ent

blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-1; see Table 5-3 for equipm ent blank results), m eaning that

the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les. EPA

will consider the im pact of possible contam ination f r om sam p ling equipm ent in a f u ture analysis.

Twenty-nine of these 65 detected analytes were also detected at som e level in the potable water

used as source water for all graywater system s (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-1; see Table 4-14

4-1

# for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed som e or all of

these analytes to the sam p les.

Chart 1 presents the num ber of analytes detected in each graywater source.

Chart 1. Number of Analytes Detected in Grayw ater Sources

Analyte Group (a) Number of Analytes Detected

Laundry A ccommodations F ood Pulper (b) G alley

Pathogen Indicators 3 3 3 3

Classical Pollutants 1 3 1 3 9 (b) 1 4

Total and Dissolved Metals 30 34 16 (b) 3 3

Volatile and Sem i volatile Organics 3 3 0 3

Total 4 9 5 3 2 8 5 3

(a) See Table 3-3 for inform ation on analyte groups.

(b)Food pulper wastewater was not analyzed for hardness, HEM/SGT-HEM, TDS, TSS, and dissolved m e tals due to

the high solids content of the sam p le (see Table 3-5).



# Chart 2 presents the num ber of analytes that were detected in each graywater

source at the highest concentration. For exam ple, the highest detected concentrations for two of

the pathogen indicators were found in the food pulper wastewater, while the highest detected

concentration for the third indicator was found in the accom m odations wastewater. Note that a

graywater source that has the highest concentrati on of an analyte will not necessarily contribute

the greatest am ount of that analyte to the wastewater treatm e nt system

. The total am ount of an

analyte contributed by a particular graywater source also will depend on that source’s volum e

com p ared to the volum es of the other sources. Flow (and thus volum e) inform ation was not able

to be collected for all graywater sources (see Table 2-1).

4-2

# Chart 2. Number of Analytes Detected at Highest Concentration in Grayw ater

Analyte Group(a) Number of

Analytes

Detected in

Graywater Number of Analytes Detected at the Highest Concentration

Laundry A ccommodations F ood Pulper (b) G alley

Pathogen Indicators 3 0 1 2 0

Classical Pollutants 1 4 0 1 9 (b) 4

Total and Dissolved Metals 43 5 2 8 1 (b) 9

Volatile and Sem i volatile

Organics 5 2 1 0 2

Total 6 5 7 31 12 15

(a) See Table 3-3 for inform ation on analyte groups.

(b)Food pulper wastewater was not analyzed for hardness, HEM/SGT-HEM, TDS, TSS, and dissolved m e tals due to

the high solids content of the sam p le (see Table 3-5).



# Food pulper wastewater contained a total of 28 analytes and showed the highest

concentration for 12 analytes. Most notabl y, food pulper wastewater showed the highest

concentrations for several analytes com m only used to m easure wastewater strength: biochem i cal

oxygen dem a nd (BOD

5 

# ), chem ical oxygen dem a nd (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC).

Accom m odations wastewater contained the greatest num ber of analytes detected

at the highest concentration (31 out of 65 detect ed analytes). Accom m odations wastewater had

the highest concentrations of E. coli and enterococci, and m o st m e tals. Fifty-three of the 65

analytes detected in graywater sources were detected in accom m odations wastewater.

Galley wastewater contained 53 of the 65 analytes detected in graywater sources

and showed the highest concentration am ong the graywater sources for 15 of the analytes,

including 4 classical pollutants, several m e tals (m ost notably total and dissolved lead, and

dissolved copper), 4-chloro-3-m ethylphenol, and phenol. Galley wastewater was the only

graywater source that was analyzed for pesticides because this was the m o st likely possible

source; none were detected.

Laundry wastewater contained a total of 49 analytes and showed the highest

concentration for 7 analytes (the least am ong the graywater sources). Most notably, the laundry

contributed the highest concentrations of bis( 2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and chloroform

. Laundry

4-3

# wastewater was the only graywater source that was analyzed for dioxins and furans because this

was the m o st likely possible source of these analytes; none were detected.

4.1.2 Influent to Grayw ater Treatment System

Table 4-2 presents analytical results for the influent to the ROCHEM graywater

treatm e nt system , which was sam p led for five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods. Only those

analytes detected at least once in any of the wastewater sam p les (i.e., graywater sources,

influents to treatm e nt system s, or effluents from treatm e nt system s) are included in this table.

Appendices A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes.

Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants

All 3 pathogen indicators and all 15 classical pollutants were detected in the

influent to the graywater treatm e nt system sam p les. One of these 18 analytes (hardness) was

also detected at som e level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-2; see Table 5-3

for equipm ent blank results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e

or all of this analyte to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of possible contam ination

from equipm ent in a future analysis. Seven of th ese detected analytes were also detected at som e

level in the potable water used as source water for all graywater and sewage system s (flagged by

an “s” in Table 4-2; see Table 4-14 for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y

have contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les. Note that anom alous analytical

results were obtained for am m onia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2.

Chart 3 com p ares the influent to the Oosterdam graywater treatm e nt system to

typical dom estic wastewater for selected pat hogen indicators and classical pollutants. Key

analytes com m only used to assess wastewater strength, such as BOD

5 

# , TSS, and COD, were

detected in the Oosterdam influent to graywater treatm e nt at concentrations sim ilar to those in

typical dom estic wastewater, even though this treatm e nt system does not treat any sewage.

4-4

# Chart 3. Comparison of Influent to Oosterdam Grayw ater Treatment System to

Untreated Domestic Wastew a ter

Analyte Influent to Oosterdam

Graywater Treatment System Untreated Domestic Wastewater

(a)

Enterococci 10 2 

# to 10 3 

# MPN/100 m L 10 2 

# to 10 3 

# num ber/100 m L

Fecal Coliform 1 0 6 

# to 10 7 

# CFU/100 m L 10 4 

# to 10 5 

# num ber/100 m L

Biochem i cal Oxygen Dem a nd

(BOD

5 

# ) 132 to 149 m g /L 110 to 400 m g /L

Chem ical Oxygen Dem a nd (COD) 335 to 538 m g /L 250 to 1,000 m g /L

Nitrate/Nitrite 0.0110 to 0.120 m g /L 0 m g /L

Oil and Grease 37.0 to 143 m g /L 50 to 150 m g /L

Total Phosphorus 0.850 to 3.94 m g /L 4 to 15 m g /L

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 73.0 to 99.0 m g /L 100 to 350 m g /L

(a) Source: Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering , Third Edition, 1991.



# Total and Dissolved Metals

Of the 34 m e tal analytes detected in the inf l uent to graywater treatm ent sam p les,

26 were detected in every influent to treatm e nt sam p le (Table 4-2). Twelve of these 34 analytes

were detected at som e level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-2; see Table 5­

3 for equipm ent blank results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e

or all of these analytes to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of possible contam ination

from equipm ent in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected analytes were also detected at

som e level in the potable water used as source water for all graywater system s (flagged by an “s”

in Table 4-2; see Table 4-14 for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y have

contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les.

The 10 m e tal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were: total and

dissolved sodium , total and dissolved calcium , total zinc, total and dissolved alum inum , total and

dissolved m a gnesium , and total iron. Total and dissolved chrom i um , total and dissolved copper,

total and dissolved lead, total and dissolved nickel, and total and dissolved zinc are priority

pollutant m e tals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) that were detected in

every influent to graywater treatm e nt sam p le. Som e m e tals m a y result from carbon steel and

stainless steel pipe and tanks in the ship.

4-5

# Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, and Dioxin and Furans

Am ong the 80 target analytes for volatile and sem i volatile organics, only 4 were

detected in any Oosterdam inf l uent to graywater treatm e nt sam p les: 1 volatile organic, and 3

sem i volatile organics (Table 4-2). Many of these analytes were detected at concentrations close

to their detection lim its. Phenol was detected in the equipm ent blank (see Table 5-3 for

equipm ent blank results) (volatile organics were not analyzed f o r in the equipm ent blank). EPA

will consider the im pact of possible contam ination f r om sam p ling equipm ent in a f u ture analysis.

The three sem i volatile organics detected in the inf l uent to graywater treatm ent

were: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, diethyl phthala te, and phenol. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and

diethyl phthalate are plasticizers (chem i cals added to plastics to m a ke them flexible) and are

com m only detected in environm ental sam p les (ATSDR, 2002 and ATSDR, 1996). Cruise ships

use a wide variety of plastic products (e.g., floor tiles, shower curtains, hoses, packaging

m a terials and containers, PVC piping) that m a y result in the presence of these plasticisers in the

influent to graywater treatm e nt.

Phenol is both m a n-m a de and produced naturally. It is found in hum an wastes

(urine). It is also found in som e foods (sm oked sum m e r sausage, fried chicken, m ountain

cheese, som e species of fish). Man-m a de sources include the use of phenol as a slim icide, as a

disinfectant, and in m e dicinal preparations such as ointm e nts, ear and nose drops, and antiseptic

wipes (ATSDR, 1998). All of these are possible sources for the presence of phenol in cruise

ship wastewater. Phenol was also detected in the source water (see Table 4-14 for source water

results), m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed som e or all of this analyte to the

sam p les.

The one volatile organic detected in the inf l uent to treatm e nt was toluene.

Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and is used to produce gasoline, other fuels, and coal. It is

also used to m a ke paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, adhesives, and rubber (ATSDR,

2001).

4-6

# Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the influent to

the Oosterdam wastewater treatm e nt system

.

4.1.3 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the Grayw ater

Treatment System

Table 4-3 presents pathogen indicator resu lts for the influent to UV disinfection

part of the Oosterdam graywater treatm e nt system

. Grab sam p les for pathogen indicator

analyses were collected at this sam p ling point for five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods.

Pathogen indicators, which were generally in the thousands to m illions at the influent to the

treatm e nt system (see Table 4-2), were reduced by three orders of m a gnitude after reverse

osm o sis (i.e., before the UV disinfection step). Data for pathogen indicators in the final effluent

(i.e., after the UV disinfection step) are presented in the next section.

4.1.4 Effluent from Grayw ater Treatment System

Table 4-4 presents analytical results for the effluent from the graywater treatm ent

system , which was sam p led for five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods. Only those analytes

detected at least once in any of the wastewater sam p les (i.e., graywater sources, influents to

treatm e nt system s, or effluents from treatm e nt sy stem s) are included in this table. Appendices

A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes.

Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants

A total of 15 grab sam p les were collected for analysis of the three pathogen

indicators over the five 24-hour sam p ling periods (results and collection tim es for each grab

sam p le are presented in Appendix A-1). Pathogen indicators generally were not detected in the

effluent from the treatm e nt system ; the exceptions to this were 3 grab sam p les, with fecal

coliform detected at concentrations close to the detection lim it on Days 1 and 2, and E. coli

detected at 6.30 MPN/100 m L on Day 5 (detection lim it is 1 MPN/100 m L ).

4-7

# Eleven of the 15 classical pollutants were detected in effluent from graywater

treatm e nt system ; 4 classical pollutants (HEM, settleable residue, SGT-HEM, and TSS) were not

detected in any effluent sam p les. Only one of the 11 detected classical analytes–hardness–was

detected at som e level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-4; see Table 5-3 for

equipm ent blank results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e or

all of this analyte to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of possible contam ination f r om

equipm ent in a future analysis. Seven of the det ected analytes were also detected at som e level

in the potable water used as source water for all graywater and sewage system s (flagged by an

“s” in Table 4-4; see Table 4-14 for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y

have contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les. Note that anom alous analytical

results were obtained for am m onia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2.

Chart 4 shows that classical pollutant concentrations in the graywater effluent

from the Oosterdam graywater treatm e nt system are lower than EPA’s standards for secondary

treatm e nt.

Chart 4. Classical Pollutant Comparison of Effluent from Oosterdam Grayw ater

Treatment System to Secondary Treatment Standards

Classical Pollutant Average Effluent from Oosterdam

Graywater Treatment System Secondary Treatment

Standards (a)

Biochem i cal Oxygen Dem a nd (BOD

5 

# ) 28.1 m g /L 45 m g /L

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ND(5.00) m g /L 45 m g /L

(a) 40 CFR 133.102 Secondary Treatm e nt Regulations, 7-day average.

ND - Not detected (num ber in parentheses is detection lim it).



# Total and Dissolved Metals

Am ong the 54 total and dissolved m e tal analytes, 27 were detected in one or m o re

effluent from treatm e nt sam p les (Table 4-4). Of these 27 detected m e tals analytes, 15 were

detected in every effluent from treatm e nt sam p le

. Twelve of the 27 detected analytes were also

detected at som e level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-4; see Table 5-3 for

equipm ent blank results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e or

all of these analytes to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of contam ination f r om

4-8

# equipm ent in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected analytes were also detected at som e

level in the potable water used as source water for all graywater system s (flagged by an “s” in

Table 4-4; see Table 4-14 for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y have

contributed som e or all these analytes to the sam p les.

The ten m e tal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were total and

dissolved calcium , m a gnesium , iron, sodium , and zinc. Total and dissolved zinc and copper, and

total nickel are priority pollutant m e tals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A)

that were detected in every effluent from treatm e nt sam p le. Som e m e tals m a y result from

contact with carbon steel and stainless steel pi pes and tanks in the ship. There are no EPA

secondary treatm e nt standards for m e tals.

Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, and Dioxin and Furans

Am ong the 80 target analytes for volatile and sem i volatile organics analyzed,

only one–phenol– was detected in any Oosterdam graywater effluent samp les (Table 4-4).

Phenol was detected in the Oosterdam graywate r effluent at an average concentration of 67.0

: 

# g/L. Phenol was detected in the source water (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-4; see Table 4-14

for source water results) at a concentration of 58.0 : 

# g/L, m eaning that the source water m a y have

contributed som e or all of the detected phenol to the effluent sam p les.

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the effluent

from the graywater treatm e nt system

.

4.1.5 Wastew a ter Treatment System Performance: Comparison of Influent to

Grayw ater Treatment System and Effluent from Grayw ater Treatment

System

The ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system successfully rem oved alm o st all

pathogen indicators (>99%; Table 4-5), and m o st cl assical pollutants and m e tals (Table 4-6).

4-9

# Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants

Pathogen indicators were substantially rem oved by reverse osm o sis (>99%); any

rem a ining pathogen indicators were generally rem oved by UV disinfection to levels below

detection (overall system efficiency >99%, see Ta ble 4-5). Enterococci was not detected in any

of the 15 effluent from treatm e nt sam p les. Fecal coliform was detected in 2 of the 15 sam p les at

levels close to the detection lim it, and E. coli was detected 1 of the 15 sam p les at a level of 6.30

MPN/100m L.

The graywater treatm e nt system rem oved m o st biochem i cal oxygen dem a nd

(BOD

5 

# ) (80%), chem ical oxygen dem a nd (COD) (85%), and total organic carbon (TOC) (70%)

(Table 4-6). The system also rem oved all settleable residue, HEM/SGT-HEM, and total

suspended solids (TSS) to levels below detection.

The treatm e nt system reduced total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, which m easures both

am m onia and organic form s of nitrogen) by 76%, while the rem oval of nitrate/nitrite was 44%.

Total phosphorus was rem oved by 90%. TKN, nitrate/nitrite, and total phosphorus were likely

rem oved from the graywater treatm e nt system via the reverse osm o sis concentrate as the

graywater treatm e nt system has no m echanism for biodegradation. Am m onia results for this

sam p ling episode were anom alous; therefore, EPA is unable to assess the perform a nce of the

graywater treatm e nt system for this analyte at this tim e. During the 2005 cruise season, EPA

conducted a supplem entary sam p ling program to collect treatm e nt perform a nce data for

am m onia (see Section 5.1.2).

Total and Dissolved Metals

The total m e tals analysis m easures both the particulate and dissolved form s of

m e tals, while the dissolved m e tals analysis m easures only the dissolved form

. The difference

between the total and dissolved m e tals m easurem ents is the particulate m e tals concentration.

Metals were present in both particulate and dissolved form s in the influent to the graywater

treatm e nt system (i.e., the total m e tals concentrations exceeded the dissolved m e tals

4-10

# concentrations for m o st m e tals analytes) (Table 4-2). In com p arison, m e tals were predom inantly

present in the dissolved f o rm in the ef f l uent f r om the graywater treatm ent system (i.e., the total

and dissolved m e tals concentrations were sim ilar in these sam p les f o r m o st m e tal analytes (Table

4-4). This m eans that the graywater treatm e nt sy stem is highly efficient in rem oving particulate

m e tals, as would be expected for reverse osm o sis (and as supported by rem oval of settleable

residue and TSS to levels below detection). The treatm e nt system rem oved dissolved m e tals

with an average efficiency of 52% (Table 4-11).

Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxin and Furans

Am ong the four volatile and sem i volatile analytes detected in the influent to the

graywater treatm e nt system , none showed significant rem ovals. For bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

and diethyl phthalate, the detection lim its in the effluent from graywater treatm ent sam p les

exceed the average detected concentrations in the influent sam p les. Toluene was reduced from

levels close to the detection lim it to less than the detection lim it. Phenol concentrations were not

reduced by the graywater treatm e nt system

.

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in either the

influent to or effluent from the graywater treatm e nt system ; EPA has no data regarding the

perform a nce of the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system for rem oving these analytes.

4.1.6 Influent to Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System

Table 4-7 presents analytical results for the influent to the sewage/graywater

treatm e nt system , which was sam p led for five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods. Only those

analytes detected at least once in any of the wastewater sam p les (i.e., graywater sources,

influents to treatm e nt system s, or effluents from treatm e nt system s) are included in this table.

Appendices A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes.

4-11

# Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants

All 3 pathogen indicators and all 15 classical pollutants were detected in the

influent to treatm e nt sam p les. One of these 18 analytes (hardness) was also detected at som e

level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-7; see Table 5-3 for equipm ent blank

results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e or all of this analyte

to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of contam ination f r om equipm ent in a f u ture

analysis. Seven of these detected analytes were also detected at som e level in the potable water

used as source water for all graywater and sewage system s (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-7; see

Table 4-14 for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed som e

or all of these analytes to the sam p les. Note that anom alous analytical results were obtained for

am m onia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2.

W a stewater conservation practices used onboard, such as use of vacuum toilets,

results in highly concentrated wastewater. In addition, sources that would serve to dilute the

influent to treatm e nt, such as accom m odations wastewater, are not routed to the sewage/

graywater treatm e nt system

. Chart 5 com p ares the influent to the Oosterdam sewage/graywater

treatm e nt system to typical dom estic wastewater for selected pathogen indicators and classical

pollutants. Fecal coliform and enterococci concentrations in the influent to the Oosterdam

sewage/graywater treatm e nt system were two or m o re orders of m a gnitude greater than in typical

untreated dom estic wastewater. Key analytes com m only used to assess wastewater strength,

such as BOD

5 

# , TSS, and COD, were detected at concentrations two or m o re tim es greater than

typical dom estic wastewater.

4-12

# Chart 5. Comparison of Influent to Oosterdam Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System to

Untreated Domestic Wastew a ter

Analyte Influent to Oosterdam

Sewage/Graywater Treatment

System Untreated Domestic Wastewater

(a)

Enterococci 10 5 

# to 10 6 

# MPN/100 m L 10 2 

# to 10 3 

# num ber/100 m L

Fecal Coliform 1 0 6 

# to 10 7 

# CFU/100m L 1 0 4 

# to 10 5 

# num ber/100 m L

Biochem i cal Oxygen Dem a nd (BOD

5 

# ) 690 to 1,380 m g /L 110 to 400 m g /L

Chem ical Oxygen Dem a nd (COD) 1,800 to 2,830 m g /L 250 to 1,000 m g /L

Nitrate/Nitrite 0.0160 to 0.0370 m g /L 0 m g /L

Oil and Grease 48.0 to 85.0 m g /L 50 to 150 m g /L

Total Phosphorus 20.9 to 31.8 m g /L 4 to 15 m g /L

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 560 to 1,110 m g /L 100 to 350 m g /L

(a) Source: Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering , Third Edition, 1991.



# Total and Dissolved Metals

Of the 40 m e tal analytes detected in the influent to treatm e nt sam p les, 32 were

detected in every influent to sewage/graywater treatm e nt sam p le (see Table 4-7 for the m e tals

analytical results). Twelve of these 40 analytes were detected at som e level in the equipm ent

blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-7; see Table 5-3 for equipm ent blank results), m eaning that

the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les. EPA

will consider the im pact of contam ination f r om equipm ent in a f u ture analysis. Twenty of these

detected analytes were also detected at som e level in the potable water used as source water for

all graywater and sewage system s (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-7; see Table 4-14 for source

water results), m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed som e or all of these analytes

to the sam p les.

The 10 m e tals detected at the highest concentrations were: total and dissolved

sodium , calcium , m a gnesium , and iron, and total zinc and alum inum

. Total and dissolved

chrom i um , copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, and total m e rcury and silver are priority pollutant

m e tals (designated by EPA in CFR Part 423, Appendix A) that were detected in every influent to

treatm e nt sam p le. Som e m e tals m a y result from contact with carbon steel and stainless steel

pipe and tanks in the ship.

4-13

# Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs

Am ong the 360 target analytes for volatile and sem i volatile organics, pesticides,

and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 20 we re detected in Oosterdam influent to

sewage/graywater treatm e nt sam p les: 17 PCBs and three sem i volatile and volatile organics.

Many of these analytes were detected at concentrations close to their detection lim its. Phenol

was detected in the equipm ent blank (see Table 5-3 f o r equipm ent blank results) (volatile

organics were not analyzed f o r in the equipm ent blank). EPA will consider the im pact of

possible contam ination from sam p ling equipm ent in a future analysis.

The two sem i volatile organics detected in the inf l uent to sewage/graywater

treatm e nt: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and phenol. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a plasticizer (a

chem ical added to plastics to m a ke them flexible) and is com m only detected in environm ental

sam p les (ATSDR, 2002). Cruise ships use a wide variety of plastic products (e.g., floor tiles,

shower curtains, hoses, packaging m a terials and containers, PVC piping) that m a y result in the

presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the influent to treatm e nt.

Phenol is both m a n-m a de chem ical and produced naturally. It is found in hum an

wastes (urine). It is also found in som e foods (sm oked sum m e r sausage, fried chicken, m ountain

cheese, som e species of fish). Man-m a de sources include the use of phenol as a slim icide, as a

disinfectant, and in m e dicinal preparations such as ointm e nts, ear and nose drops, and antiseptic

wipes (ATSDR, 1998). All of these are possible sour ces for the presence of phenol in cruise ship

wastewater. Phenol was also detected in the source water (see Table 4-14 for source water

results), m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed som e or all of this analyte to the

sam p les.

The one volatile organic detected in the inf l uent to treatm e nt was toluene.

Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and is used to produce gasoline, other fuels, and coal. It is

also used to m a ke paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, adhesives, and rubber (ATSDR 2001).

4-14

# No pesticides were detected in the influent to the Oosterdam sewage/graywater

treatm e nt system

.

Seventeen PCB congeners and co-eluting congener groups were detected in the

influent to the sewage/graywater wastewater treat m e nt system

. Total PCBs in the influent were

m easured at a concentration of 11,400 pg/L. One of the detected PCBs was identified as “toxic”

by the W o rld Health Organization: P CB 180 (PCB-180+PCB-193, 620 pg/L). PCBs have

traditionally been associated with electrical equi pm ent, such as transform e rs; however, they have

also been used in paint form ulations, carbonless copy paper and plastics (EPA, 2005). None of

the detected PCBs have any known m a nufacturers. (Note that PCBs were not analyzed for in the

source water.)

4.1.7 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Di sinfection Part of the Sew age/Grayw ater

Treatment System

Table 4-8 presents pathogen indicator resu lts for the influent to UV disinfection

part of the Oosterdam sewage/graywater treatm e nt system

. Grab sam p les for pathogen indicator

analyses were collected at this sam p ling point for five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods.

Pathogen indicators, which were generally in the m illions at the influent to the treatm e nt system

(see Table 4-7), were reduced to the hundreds after the bioreactor and m e m b rane filter (i.e.,

before the UV disinfection step). Data for pathoge n indicators in the final effluent (i.e., after the

UV disinfection step) are presented in the next section.

4.1.8 Effluent from the Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System

Table 4-9 presents analytical results for the effluent from the sewage/graywater

treatm e nt system , which was sam p led for five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods. Only those

analytes detected at least once in any of the wastewater sam p les (i.e., graywater sources,

influents to treatm e nt system s, or effluents from treatm e nt system s) are included in this table.

Appendices A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes.

4-15

# Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants

A total of 15 grab sam p les were collected for analysis of the three pathogen

indicators over the five 24-hour sam p ling periods (results and collection tim es for each grab

sam p le are presented in Appendix A-1). Pathogen indicators generally were not detected in the

effluent from the treatm e nt system

. Exceptions are enterococci detected in 4 of the 15 sam p les

and E. coli detected in 1 of the 15 sam p les. Most detections were close to the detection lim it;

however, the second grab sam p le collected on Day 5 contained enterococci and E. coli at 184

and 13.2 MPN/100m L, respectively (detection lim it is 1 MPN/100 m L ).

Eleven of the 15 classical pollutants were detected in effluent from treatm e nt

system ; 4 classical pollutants (HEM, settleable residue, SGT-HEM, and TSS) were not detected

in any effluent sam p les. Only one of the 11 de tected classical analytes–hardness–was detected at

som e level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-9; see Table 5-3 for equipm ent

blank results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e or all of this

analyte to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of possible contam ination f r om equipm ent

in a future analysis. Seven of the 11 detected cla ssical analytes were also detected at som e level

in the potable water used as source water for all graywater and sewage system s (flagged by an

“s” in Table 4-9; see Table 4-14 for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y

have contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les. Note that anom alous analytical

results were obtained for am m onia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2.

Chart 6 shows that classical pollutant concentrations in the sewage/graywater

effluent from the Oosterdam sewage/graywater tr eatm e nt system are lower than EPA’s standards

for secondary treatm e nt.

4-16

# Chart 6. Classical Pollutant Comparison of Effluent from Oosterdam Sew age/Grayw ater

Treatment System to Secondary Treatment Standards

Classical Pollutant Average Effluent from Oosterdam

Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Secondary Treatment

Standards(a)

Biochem i cal Oxygen Dem a nd (BOD

5 

# ) 4 .22 m g /L 45 m g /L

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ND(5.00) m g /L 45 m g /L

(a) 40 CFR 133.102 Secondary Treatm e nt Regulations, 7-day average.

(b) ND - Not detected (num ber in parentheses is detection lim it).



# Total and Dissolved Metals

Am ong the 54 total and dissolved m e tals analytes tested for, 32 were detected in

one or m o re effluent from treatm e nt sam p les (Tab le 4-9). Of these 32 detected m e tals analytes,

24 were detected in every effluent from treatm e nt sam p le. Thirteen of the 32 detected m e tal

analytes were also detected at som e level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-9;

see Table 5-3 for equipm ent blank results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have

contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of

possible contam ination from equipm ent in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected m e tal

analytes were also detected at som e level in the potable water used as source water for all

graywater system s (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-9; see Table 4-14 for source water results),

m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed som e or all these analytes to the sam p les.

The ten m e tal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were total dissolved

calcium , m a gnesium , iron, sodium , and zinc. Total and dissolved zinc, nickel, lead, chrom i um

,

and copper are priority pollutant m e tals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A)

that were detected in every effluent from treatm e nt sam p le. Som e m e tals m a y result from

contact with carbon steel and stainless steel pi pes and tanks in the ship. There are no EPA

secondary treatm e nt standards for m e tals.

4-17

# Semivolatile and Volatile Organics

, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans

Am ong the 80 target analytes for volatile and sem i volatile organics analyzed,

only one–phenol– was detected in any Oosterdam se wage/graywater effluent sam p les (Table 4­

9). Phenol was detected in the Oosterdam sewage /graywater effluent at an average concentration

of 63.4 : 

# g/L. Phenol was detected in the source water (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-9; see

Table 4-14 for source water results) at a concentration of 58.0 : 

# g/L, m eaning that the source

water m a y have contributed som e or all of the detected phenol to the effluent sam p les.

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the effluent

from the sewage/graywater treatm e nt system

.

4.1.9 Wastew a ter Treatment System Performance: Comparison of Influent to

Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System and Effluent from Sew age/Grayw ater

Treatment System

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatm e nt system successfully rem oved m o st

pathogen indicators (>99%; Table 4-10), and m o st classical pollutants, m e tals, and organics

(Table 4-11).

Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants

Pathogen indicators were substantially rem oved by the bioreactor and m e m b rane

filter (>99%); any rem a ining pathogen indicator s were generally rem oved by UV disinfection to

levels below detection (overall system efficien cy >99%, see Table 4-10). Fecal coliform was not

detected in any of the 15 effluent from treatm e nt sam p les. Enterococci was detected in 4 of the

15 sam p les, and E. coli was detected in 1 of the 15 sam p les. Most detections were close to the

detection lim it; however, the second grab sam p le on Day 5 contained enterococci and E. coli at

184 and 13.2 MPN/100m L, respectively (the detection lim it 1 MPN/100 m L ).

The sewage/graywater treatm e nt system rem oved m o st biochem i cal oxygen

dem a nd (BOD 5) 

# (>99 %), chem ical oxygen dem a nd (COD) (95 %) and total organic carbon

4-18

# (TOC) (86 %) (Table 4-11). The system also rem oved settleable residue, HEM/SGT-HEM, and

total suspended solids (TSS) to levels below detection.

The treatm e nt system reduced total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, which m easures both

am m onia and organic form s of nitrogen) by 70%, while nitrate/nitrite levels rem a ined relatively

unchanged (Table 4-11). Total phosphorus was rem oved by 41%. Nitrogen and phosphorus are

likely taken up by the m i croorganism s in the bioreactor and rem oved from the system in the

waste biosludge, as evidenced by elevated TKN and total phosphorus concentrations in the waste

biosludge (see Section 4.1.11 and Table 4-13). It is unlikely that nitrogen is rem oved by

nitrification (the m echanism of am m onia biodegrad ation) as nitrification would have resulted in

signif i cant increases in nitrate/nitrite concentrations, but these levels rem a ined relatively

unchanged. Am m onia results for this sam p ling episode were anom alous; therefore, EPA is

unable to assess the perform a nce of the sewage/graywater treatm e nt system for this analyte at

this tim e. During the 2005 cruise season, EPA conducted a supplem entary sam p ling program to

collect additional perform a nce data for am m onia (see Section 5.1.2).

Total and Dissolved Metals

The total m e tals analysis m easures both the particulate and dissolved form s of

m e tals, while the dissolved m e tals analysis m easures only the dissolved form

. The difference

between the total and dissolved m e tals m easurem ents is the particulate m e tals concentration.

Metals were present in both particulate and dissolved form s in the influent to the sewage/

graywater treatm e nt system (i.e., the total m e tals concentrations exceeded the dissolved m e tals

concentrations for m o st m e tals analytes) (Table 4-7). In com p arison, m e tals were predom inantly

present in the dissolved form in the effluent from the sewage/graywater treatm e nt system (i.e.,

the total and dissolved m e tals concentrations were sim ilar in these sam p les f o r m o st m e tals

analytes) (Table 4-9). Furtherm ore, there were elevated m e tals concentrations in the screening

solids and waste biosludge (see Table 4-13). This m eans that the treatm e nt system is highly

ef

f i cient in rem oving particulate m e tals, as would be expected f o r m e m b rane f iltration (and as

supported by >99% rem oval of settleable residue and TSS, see Table 4-11). The treatm e nt

system rem oved dissolved m e tals with an average efficiency of 40% (Table 4-11).

4-19

# Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans

The sewage/graywater treatm e nt system rem oved bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and

toluene to levels below detection, and rem oved phenol by 33%. Possible rem oval m e chanism s

include biological degradation, adsorption onto screening solids and waste biosludge (Table

4-13), and/or volatilization.

Pesticides were not detected in the inf l uent to sewage/graywater treatm ent and

were not analyzed for in the effluent from sewage/graywater treatm e nt. W h ile PCBs were

detected in the inf l uent to treatm e nt at low levels , they were not analyzed for in the effluent from

sewage/graywater treatm e nt; EPA has no data regarding the perform a nce of the ROCHEM

sewage/graywater treatm e nt system for rem ovi ng PCBs. Dioxin and furans were not analyzed

for in either the influent to or effluent from the sewage/graywater treatm e nt system

. Dioxins and

furans were analyzed for in laundry wastewater, and none were detected.

4.1.10 Final Combined Treated Effluent from Grayw ater and Sew age/Grayw ater

Treatment Systems

Table 4-12 presents analytical results for the final com b ined discharge from the

graywater and sewage/graywater treatm e nt system s (final com b ined treated effluent), which was

sam p led for five consecutive 24-hour samp ling periods. Only those analytes detected at least

once in any of the wastewater sam p les (i.e., graywater sources, influents to treatm e nt system s, or

effluents from treatm e nt system s) are included in this table. Appendices A-1 and A-2 present

results for both detected and nondetected analytes.

4-20

# Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants

A total of 14 grab sam p les were collected for analyses of the three pathogen

indicators over the five 24-hour sam p ling periods (results and collection tim es for each grab

sam p le are presented in Appendix A-1). Pathogen indicators generally were not detected in the

final com b ined treated effluent. Exceptions are E. coli detected in 2 of 14 sam p les, enterococci

detected in 3 of 14 sam p les, and fecal coliform detected in 2 of 14 sam p les. Most detections

were close to the detection lim it; however, the second grab sam p le collected on Day 1 contained

E. coli at 49.6 MPN/100m L (detection lim it is 1 MPN/100m L).

Eleven of the 15 classical pollutants were detected in the final com b ined effluent;

four classical pollutants (HEM, settleable residue, SGT-HEM, and TSS) were not detected in any

effluent sam p les. Only one of the 11 detected analytes–hardness–was detected at som e level in

the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-12; see Table 5-3 for equipm ent blank

results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent m a y have contributed som e or all of this analyte

to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact of possible contam ination f r om equipm ent in a

future analysis. Seven of these detected analytes were also detected at som e level in the potable

water used as source water for all graywater and sewage system s (flagged by an “s” in Table 4­

12; see Table 4-14 for source water results), m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed

som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les.

Chart 7 shows that classical pollutant concentrations in the final com b ined

effluent from the Oosterdam graywater and sewa ge/graywater treatm e nt system s are lower than

EPA’s standards for secondary treatm e nt.

Chart 7. Classical Pollutant Comparison of Fi nal Combined Effluent from the Oosterdam

Grayw ater and Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment Systems to Secondary Treatment Standards

Classical Pollutant Average Final Combined Treated

Effluent Secondary Treatment

Standards(a)

Biochem i cal Oxygen Dem a nd (BOD

5 

# ) 17.6 m g /L 45 m g /L

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ND(5.00) m g /L 45 m g /L

(a) 40 CFR 133.102 Secondary Treatm e nt Regulations, 7-day average.

(b) ND - Not detected (num ber in parentheses is detection lim it).



# 4-21

# Total and Dissolved Metals

Am ong the 54 total and dissolved m e tals analytes, 29 were detected in one or

m o re Final Com b ined Discharge from treatm e nt sam p les (Table 4-12). Of these 29 detected

m e tals analytes, 19 were detected in every effl uent from treatm e nt sam p le. Twelve of the 29

detected analytes were also detected at som e level in the equipm ent blank (flagged by an “e” in

Table 4-12; see Table 5-3 for equipm ent blank results), m eaning that the sam p ling equipm ent

m a y have contributed som e or all of these analytes to the sam p les. EPA will consider the im pact

of possible contam ination from equipm ent in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected

analytes were also detected at som e level in the potable water used as source water for all

graywater system s (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-12; see Table 4-14 for source water results),

m eaning that the source water m a y have contributed som e or all these analytes to the sam p les.

The 10 m e tal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were total and

dissolved calcium , m a gnesium , iron, sodium , and zinc. Total and dissolved zinc, nickel, and

copper, and dissolved chrom i um are priority pollutant m e tals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part

423, Appendix A) that were detected in every effl uent from treatm e nt sam p le. Som e m e tals m a y

result from contact with carbon steel and stainless steel pipes and tanks in the ship. There are no

EPA secondary treatm e nt standards for m e tals.

Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans

Am ong the 80 target analytes for volatile and sem i volatile organics analyzed,

only one-phenol- was detected in any Oosterdam fi nal com b ined treated ef f l uent sam p les (Table

4-12). Phenol was detected in the com b ined Oo sterdam effluent at an average concentration of

53 : 

# g/L. Phenol was detected in the source water (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-12; see Table 4­

14 for source water results) at a concentration of 58.0 : 

# g/L, m eaning that the source water m a y

have contributed som e or all of the detected phenol to the effluent sam p les.

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the final

com b ined effluent from the treatm e nt system s.

4-22

# 4.1.11 Screening Solids, Waste Biosludge, and Incinerator Ash

Table 4-13 presents the results for analytes detected in one-tim e grab sam p les of

graywater screening solids, sewage/graywater screening solids, sewage/graywater waste

biosludge (extra biological m a ss from the treatm e nt system ’s bioreactor), and incinerator ash

(from incineration of trash, including f ood solids from the food pulper, ROCHEM

sewage/graywater treatm e nt system screening solids, and spent bag f ilters) collected during the

sam p ling episode. Table 4-13 also shows the average influents to the graywater and sewage/

graywater treatm e nt system s analyte concentra tions from Tables 4-2 and 4-7 for com p arison.

Most of the analytes detected in the screening solids and waste biosludge were

also detected in the influents to the treatm e nt system s. For m a ny analytes, concentrations in the

screening solids and waste biosludge exceeded those in the influents to the treatm e nt system s,

suggesting that these analytes are rem oved from the system s in these waste stream s. See

Sections 4.1.5 and 4.1.9 for a detailed discussions of wastewater treatm ent system perform a nce.

4.1.12 Source Water

Potable water is used as source water for all ship operations that generate

graywater and sewage (e.g., laundry, galley, food pulper, sinks, showers, and toilets). Potable

water is produced onboard and seldom bunkered while in port. Ten total m e tals, 10 dissolved

m e tals, 7 classical pollutants, and 2 volatile and sem i volatile organics were detected in the onetim e grab sam p le of potable water collected during this sam p ling episode (Table 4-14). None of

the analytes detected in the source water exceeded Federal drinking water standards (Table 4­

14). Pathogen indicators were not detected in the source water sam p le.

4-23

# 4.2 Summary of Interview s Regarding Activities that Impact Wastew a ter

Generation

The ship’s crew was interviewed to obtain inf o rm ation regarding activities that

im pact wastewater generation (see Appendix C for detailed reports). The ship’s crew provided

operational, discharge, and wastewater treatm e nt operating logs corresponding to the period of

the sam p ling episode. These docum ents are included in the Cruise Ship Rulem a king Record and

are available upon request.

4.2.1 Wastew a ter Generation

Galley

The Oosterdam has three dining room s and 24-hour room service. Approxim a tely

9,000 total m eals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks) are served daily. Initial preparation of fish,

pork, and beef are perform e d on Deck A, while cooking occurs in the galleys (two passenger

galleys and one crew galley). The ship galleys are equipped with twelve dishwashers in total,

including six large and six sm aller m achines. Dishwashers operate each day from the start of

m eal sittings until 3 1⁄2 - 4 hours after each m eal sitting (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). Dishes are

washed using Solid Power and Rinse Dry, which are dispensed autom a tically to each m a chine.

The Oosterdam also uses Solitaire and Solid Metal Pro, f o r washing hands, pots, and pans;

Bioclean for cleaning hoods and sinks; Absorbit for cleaning floors; Grill Shine (a lem on juice

extract) for cleaning galley grills; and Hepburn Bi o W C Clean for cleaning floor drains. All

cleaning agents are listed on Holland Am erican Cruise Line’s approved chem icals list (ACL).

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for these products are included in the Cruise Ship

Rulem a king Record and are available upon request.

Laundry

The m a in Oosterdam laundry operates 15 hours per day between the hours of

0900 and 2400. It has a total of seven washers and six driers. Three large washers process

approxim a tely eight loads of towels (400 lb per load) per day, and two m e dium washers process

4-24

# one or m o re loads of passenger clothing (125 lb per load) per day. Two sm all washers process

20 loads (15 lb per load) per day. The crew laundry contains 15 launderette m achines. All

laundry and laundrette m achines include auto-dispense of cleaning agents listed on the ACL.

Laundry cleaning agents include: Diverdet 2A, Em phasize, Launch, Liquid Diveralk 1C, Renew

Extra, Super Im pede, and Valid II. MSDS for these products are included in the Cruise Ship

Rulem a king Record and are available upon request.

Photo Processing

The Oosterdam has a photo processing lab. All waste photographic chem icals are

collected into drum s for disposal onshore. Silver-containing wastes are pretreated by a silver

recovery cartridge, which retains the silver within the f ilter f o r recovery. There is one prim ary

cartridge and one backup; each provides appr oxim a tely 600 hours of operation. Use of two

digital m achines has significantly reduced the volum e of chem icals used as com p ared to analog

film m achines; however, the chem icals used in digital photo processing m achines are m o re

concentrated. A laboratory sink is used to rinse equipm ent such as chem ical trays. The sink is

physically blocked to prohibit discharges to the graywater CHT system , and collected rinse

waters are pum ped to the silver recovery cartridges. Two floor drains in the photo lab are

blocked to ensure spilled chem icals do not enter the drain system

.

Print Shop

The Oosterdam houses an onboard print shop, with one offset printer, three

copiers, and one laser printer. W a stes, such as rags and residual chem icals, are disposed of

onshore as hazardous waste. Spent toner cartri dges are recycled through onshore vendors. Two

print shop sinks are used for hand washing only and are plum bed to the accom m odations CHT

system

. The shop has an open floor drain; the ship’s crew indicated no chem ical spills to date.

Cleaning solvents and offset printing chem icals (alcohol, deglazer, plate etch) are stored in a

locked cabinet.

4-25

# Dry Cleaning

The Oosterdam has a dry cleaning f acility with one dry cleaning m a chine and one

sm all spot-cleaning m achine. The dry cleaning m achine is self-contained, with

perchloroethylene distilled and recycled. Dry cleaning condensate and other solvent wastes and

sludge (approxim a tely 20L per m onth) are dispos ed of onshore as hazardous waste; no solvent

wastes or wastewaters enter the graywater CHT system

.

Chemical Storage

Any spills f r om the engine room storage areas are captured in the bilge and do not

enter the graywater or sewage system s. See Appendix C for m o re inform ation on chem icals

stored in each engine room

. Chem icals are also stored in other room s of the ship as listed in

Appendix C; these storage room s have no f l oor drains to ensure that spilled chem icals do not

enter the graywater and sewage system s.

Medical Infirmary/Dental Care

The Oosterdam provides onboard m e dical and dental care. W a stes such as

m achine cleaning chem ical residuals, rags, outdated m e dications, and screened residual am algam

are disposed of onshore. Sinks and floor drains in the pantry and sinks in the exam ining room s

drain to the graywater CHT system

. In add ition, general cleaning wastewater and wastewater

f r om the autoclave/sanitizing m achine and f r om digital im aging are routed to the graywater CHT

system

. Sewage from toilets is collected by the sewage CHT system s. Floor drains in the

garbage room drain to the bilge f o r treatm e nt by oil/water separation prior to discharge.

Garbage Room

The Oosterdam has a garbage room onboard. The room is refrigerated, with

solid/wet separation and crushing equipm ent. There is extensive recycling with hand separation

of all garbage (e.g., glass, alum inum , tin cans, box board, wet garbage, flourescent tubes, and

4-26

# batteries). The sink located in the garbage room is for hand washing only. Chem ical storage is

kept in a hazardous chem ical locker with no drains.

4.2.2 Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Use

No pesticides, fungicides, or rodenticides are used on the Oosterdam

.

4.3 Flow Data

Strap-on ultrasonic flow m e ters were used to collect flow m easurem ents and, in

som e cases, to control autom a tic com posite sam p le m achines on: (1) the outlet pipe from one of

the accom m odations holding tanks, (2) the influent to the graywater treatm e nt system , (3) the

effluent from the graywater treatm e nt system , (4 ) the influent to the sewage/graywater treatm e nt

system , (5) the effluent from the sewage/graywater treatm e nt system , and (6) the final com b ined

effluent from the graywater and sewage/gra ywater treatm e nt system s (see Section 2.4 and

Figures 2-1 through 2-3). The flow m e ters were program m e d to record instantaneous flow rate

(m 3 

# /m in) at total f l ow (m 3 

# ) every five m i nutes. Flow data analyses presented in this section are

based on only those flow data collected duri ng the sam p ling episode of Septem ber 18 through

Septem ber 23. Appendix B presents all flow data collected while onboard the Oosterdam from

Septem ber 18 through Septem ber 23, 2005.

The total daily volum e of wastewater from each of the six flow m e ter locations

for each 24-hour sam p ling period are presented in Figure 4-1. The Oosterdam suspended

overboard discharge (final com b ined treated e ffluent) for part of Day 1 while in State of

W a shington waters and for part of Day 4 while the ship cruised Hubbard Glacier. In addition, at

the end of Day 3, high pressure caused the installed flow m e ter on the effluent to the graywater

treatm e nt system to lose signal strength; no flow m easurem ents were collected at this location on

Days 4 and 5. W ith the exception of the final overboard discharge (which was suspended for

parts of Day 1 and Day 4), total daily flow at all locations rem a ined relatively constant over the

five-day sam p ling episode, regardless of whether the ship was in port (Day 1, 3, and 5) or at sea

(Day 2 and 4).

4-27

# Daily flow rates and flow per capita are presented in Table 4-15. Per capita flow

rates were calculated based on 2,625 people (1,857 passengers and 768 crew) onboard during the

sam p ling episode, as reported by the ship’s crew. (Per capita volum es of accom m odations

wastewater generated were not calculated becau se the flow for only one collection tank was

m onitored.) On average, each person generated 31 gallons of untreated accom m odations and

laundry wastewater and 23 gallons of untreat ed sewage, galley wastewater, and m e m b rane

concentrate generated by the ROCHEM graywater treatm e nt system

. Average com b ined

discharge from the graywater and sewage/graywater treatm e nt system s was 45 gallons per

person per day.

Figures 4-2 and 4-3 present the averag e flows for effluent from graywater

treatm e nt and effluent from sewage/graywater treatm e nt for each hour interval over the five

consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods. The effluent flow from the graywater treatm e nt system

fluctuates substantially throughout the day. Flow rates were higher during the day and lower at

night, as expected because accom m odations wastewat er com poses the m a jority of influent flow

to the treatm e nt system

. Laundry wastewater com poses the rem a inder of the influent to the

treatm e nt system ; the laundry operates from 0900 to 2400. The effluent flow from the

sewage/graywater treatm e nt system rem a ins relatively constant throughout the day.

4-28

# 4-29Table 4-1Graywater Analytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for each graywater source for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode.See Appendices A-1 and A-2for all analytical results (detected and nondetected).Graywater samples were collected for one 24-hour period; see Section 3.2 for the sample collectionmethodology.Table 2-1 lists the specific wastewater streams ineach graywater source, and Figure 2-1 identifies sampling point locations.Certain food pulperwastewater results were converted frommass to volume units; seeSection 3.3.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFRPart 423, Appendix A) areidentified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeLaundry(SP-1)(a)Accommodations(SP-3)(a)Food Pulper(SP-4)(a)Galley(SP-5)(a)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coliMPN/100 mL7,70010,700100,0003,880EnterococciMPN/100mL2724501,600,0002,690Fecal ColiformCFU/100 mL17,000120,000,000100,0001,900Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L35.9ND(20.0)ND(200)75.9Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L10637650,200801Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L3231,73025,3001,740Chloride (s)mg/L13.01752,25045.0Hardness (e) (s)mg/L2.0043.3NC12.2Hexane Extractable Material (HEM)mg/L9.0047.0NC51.0Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L0.05800.1000.9510.0270Settleable ResiduemL/LND(0.120)15.01,0003.40Silica Gel TreatedHEM (SGT-HEM)mg/LND(6.00)ND(6.00)NCND(6.00)Sulfate (s)mg/L3.22103612108Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L93.0379NC631Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L3.2734.136240.6Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L69.179.777,500298Total Phosphorusmg/L0.3802.3137110.6(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).Table 4-1 (Continued)



# 4-30AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeLaundry(SP-1)(a)Accommodations(SP-3)(a)Food Pulper(SP-4)(a)Galley(SP-5)(a)Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L24.0430NC564Total and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L1,2701,4003.92178Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(0.0411)2.89Barium, Total (e) (s)ug/L12.72921.14222Boron, Totalug/L148232ND(0.0630)180Cadmium,Totalug/LP118ND(0.0800)0.8800.0151ND(0.0800)Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L4574,8006302,580Chromium, Totalug/LP119ND(0.270)77.10.5323.53Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)0.880ND(0.00548)ND(0.660)Copper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12035.39882.32417Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L1172,570112579Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP122ND(0.620)ND(0.620)0.10363.8Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L2097,6101051,400Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L3.3433.85.2222.3Mercury,Totalug/LP123ND(0.0500)0.130ND(0.00274)ND(0.0500)Molybdenum, Totalug/LND(1.60)4.040.0562ND(1.60)Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP1243.0985.80.28547.2Selenium, Totalug/LP125ND(1.40)ND(1.40)0.110ND(1.40)Silver, Totalug/LP126ND(0.770)4.96ND(0.0151)ND(0.770)Sodium, Total (s)ug/L19,400153,0001,05058,800Tin, Totalug/LND(0.940)14.3ND(0.0493)2.10Titanium, Totalug/L1.5914.90.2102.17Vanadium, Totalug/LND(0.470)4.19ND(0.0137)ND(0.470)Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12815110,1003.223,260(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).Table 4-1 (Continued)



# 4-31AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeLaundry(SP-1)(a)Accommodations(SP-3)(a)Food Pulper(SP-4)(a)Galley(SP-5)(a)Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L317202NC108Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCND(2.00)Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NC3.37Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L0.990191NC127Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP1170.0800ND(0.0700)NCND(0.0700)Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L108258NC244Cadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP1180.240ND(0.0800)NC0.0850Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L3184,020NC2,190Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP1190.9800.890NC1.43Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L1.902.37NC1.96Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12035.626.3NC335Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L94.81,120NC332Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1222.362.04NC30.7Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L2307,050NC1,350Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L5.2923.4NC21.3Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)NCND(0.0500)Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP1244.4628.2NC49.1Silver, Dissolvedug/LP1260.960ND(0.770)NCND(0.770)Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L21,80079,500NC66,800Tin, Dissolvedug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)NC1.38Titanium, Dissolvedug/L0.720ND(0.620)NCND(0.620)Vanadium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)NCND(0.470)Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12882.41,910NC2,390(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).

# 4-32Table 4-1 (Continued)AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeLaundry(SP-1)(a)Accommodations(SP-3)(a)Food Pulper(SP-4)(a)Galley(SP-5)(a)Volatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(10.0)ND(11.0)ND(233)33.0Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP06642.0ND(11.0)ND(233)22.0Chloroform(s)ug/LP0236.005.12ND(0.685)ND(5.00)Diethyl phthalateug/LP070ND(10.0)ND(11.0)ND(233)ND(10.0)Phenol (e) (s)ug/LP06552.062.0ND(233)64.0Tolueneug/LP086ND(5.00)87.0ND(0.685)ND(5.00)(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).

# 4-33Table 4-2Influent to Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for the influent to the graywater treatment systemfor analytes detected atleast once in wastewater samplesduring the sampling episode.SeeAppendices A-1 and A-2for all analytical results (detected andnondetected).Influent to graywater treatment systemsampleswere collected for five consecutive24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology.Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point location.Average influent to treatmentconcentrations determined fromthe daily results.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 1Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 2Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 3Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 4Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toTreatment(SP-6)(a)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coli(b)MPN/100 mL37,600 [N=2]59,400 [N=2]36,500 [N=2]55,200 [N=2]79,400 [N=2]53,600Enterococci (b)MPN/100 mL> 1,260 [N=2]201 [N=2]674 [N=2]1,420 [N=2]<1,800 [N=2]#1,070Fecal Coliform(b)CFU/100 mL14,200,000 [N=2]6,450,000 [N=2]6,550,000 [N=2]17,000,000[N=2]<65,000,000[N=2]<21,800,000Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L31.843.156.450.235.943.5Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L149132146143145143Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L538335403359392405Chloride (s)mg/L13.013.025.025.017.018.6Hardness (e) (s)mg/L5.395.185.428.885.826.14Hexane Extractable Material (HEM)mg/L14337.051.047.043.064.2Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L0.01100.01600.01600.1200.01700.0360Settleable ResiduemL/L0.5301.100.5903.000.5001.14(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g.,[N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).Table 4-2 (Continued)



# 4-34AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 1Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 2Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 3Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 4Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toTreatment(SP-6)(a)Silica Gel TreatedHEM (SGT-HEM)mg/L7.00ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)<6.20Sulfate (s)mg/L11.912.012.210.86.9110.8Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L86.095.013216064.0107Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L9.870.38010.215.59.449.08Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L54.744.560.456.351.353.4Total Phosphorusmg/L1.473.941.131.130.8501.70Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L95.073.086.099.093.089.2Total and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L6536727021,020673744Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Total (e) (s)ug/L134134137137135135Boron, Totalug/LND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)74.3<29.3Cadmium,Totalug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L1,6401,5701,6001,9601,6401,680Chromium, Totalug/LP1192.763.503.809.526.675.25Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)Copper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP120156289219197204213Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L366339334423406374Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1225.419.347.366.917.887.38(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g.,[N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).Table 4-2 (Continued)



# 4-35AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 1Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 2Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 3Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 4Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toTreatment(SP-6)(a)Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L317305346968417471Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L7.656.957.618.878.197.85Mercury,Totalug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)0.05500.0850<0.0580Molybdenum, Totalug/LND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP12414.517.716.618.518.317.1Selenium, Totalug/LP125ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)Silver, Totalug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)2.272.27<1.37Sodium, Total (s)ug/L16,00020,30024,80026,40018,80021,300Tin, Totalug/LND(0.940)1.03ND(0.940)6.922.45<2.46Titanium, Totalug/L1.471.691.763.511.792.04Vanadium, Totalug/L0.810ND(0.470)0.8400.890ND(0.470)<0.696Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP128667598924870895791Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L279223183209271233Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L73.540.125.925.378.448.6Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP117ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L11495.059.069.6ND(18.0)<71.1Cadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g.,[N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).Table 4-2 (Continued)



# 4-36AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 1Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 2Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 3Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 4Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toTreatment(SP-6)(a)Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L1,4501,1307611,2001,6301,230Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP1190.3900.7600.6600.6400.3700.564Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L2.141.723.163.855.113.20Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12070.620510077.192.0109Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L199192165179212189Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1221.014.471.841.582.202.22Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L268239234929464427Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L9.007.309.4311.014.910.3Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12413.715.512.712.614.613.8Silver, Dissolvedug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L19,10023,90023,80030,70023,20024,100Tin, Dissolvedug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)1.04ND(0.940)<0.960Titanium, Dissolvedug/L0.920ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)0.630<0.682Vanadium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP128130134252160172170(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g.,[N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).Table 4-2 (Continued)



# 4-37AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 1Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 2Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 3Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 4Influent to GWTreatment(SP-6)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toTreatment(SP-6)(a)Volatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(11.0)ND(10.0)ND(12.0)ND(10.6)Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP06619.023.0ND(11.0)ND(10.0)ND(12.0)<15.0Chloroform(s)ug/LP023ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Diethyl phthalateug/LP070ND(10.0)14.014.012.012.2<12.4Phenol (e) (s)ug/LP06547.055.062.051.032.049.4Tolueneug/LP086ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)6.00ND(5.00)<5.20(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g.,[N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).

# 4-38Table 4-3Influent to Graywater UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for the influent to UV disinfection part ofthe graywater treatment system.Influent to UV disinfection samples were collected for fiveconsecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology.Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point location.Average influent toUV concentrations determined fromthe daily result.AnalyteUnitInfluent to GW UV(SP-7)(a)Day 1Influent to GW UV(SP-7)(a)Day 2Influent to GW UV(SP-7)(a)Day 3Influent to GW UV(SP-7)(a)Day 4Influent to GW UV(SP-7)(a)Day 5Average Influent toGW UV(SP-7)(a)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coli(b)MPN/100 mL< 15.2 [N=3]72.2 [N=3]12.2 [N=3]16.1 [N=3]<3.17 [N=3]<23.8Enterococci (b)MPN/100 mLND(1.00) [N=3]<1.00 [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]<1.00Fecal Coliform(b)CFU/100 mL30,400 [N=3]2,330[N=3]883 [N=3]1,510[N=3]80.3 [N=3]7,030(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# 4-39Table 4-4Effluent from Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for the effluent fromthe graywater treatment systemfor analytes detected atleast once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode.See Appendices A-1 and A-2 for all analytical results (detectedand nondetected).Effluent fromtreatment systemsamples werecollected for five consecutive24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology.Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point location.Average effluent fromtreatmentconcentrations determined fromthe daily results.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 1Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 2Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 3Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 4Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coli(b)MPN/100 mLND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=2]ND(1.00) [N=3]<2.77 [N=3]<1.35Enterococci (b)MPN/100 mLND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=2]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00)Fecal Coliform(b)CFU/100 mL< 1.67 [N=3]<1.42 [N=3]ND(2.00) [N=2]ND(2.00)[N=3]ND(2.00) [N=3]<1.82Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L23.623.6ND(10.0)34.919.5<22.3Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L27.927.124.823.237.328.1Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L68.056.058.050.579.062.3Chloride (s)mg/L8.0012.017.017.013.013.4Hardness (e) (s)mg/L1.170.7500.3901.301.901.10HexaneExtractable Material (HEM)mg/LND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/LND(0.0100)ND(0.0100)0.02700.02700.0270<0.0202Settleable ResiduemL/LND(0.110)ND(0.110)ND(0.110)ND(0.110)ND(0.105)ND(0.109)Silica Gel TreatedHEM (SGT-HEM)mg/LND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)Sulfate (s)mg/L2.172.704.172.803.433.05Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mL/LND(10.0)35.053.367.0ND(10.0)<35.1(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-4 (Continued)



# 4-40AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 1Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 2Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 3Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 4Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L0.1200.08000.4706.743.362.15Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L16.516.012.913.421.015.9Total Phosphorusmg/L0.1500.1200.2200.1700.2200.176Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/LND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Total and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/LND(8.80)ND(8.80)ND(8.80)28.021.8<15.2Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Total (e) (s)ug/L26.814.611.28.6031.918.6Boron, Totalug/LND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)83.057.5<38.9Cadmium,Totalug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)< 0.0867ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)<0.0813Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L352213112164502269Chromium, Totalug/LP119ND(0.270)ND(0.270)ND(0.270)ND(0.270)ND(0.270)ND(0.270)Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)Copper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12026.822.516735.697.769.9Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L419222469193720405Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1223.74ND(0.620)28.52.427.21<8.50Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L70.253.334.4216156106Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L8.185.2781.13.7714.022.5Mercury,Totalug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)Molybdenum, Totalug/LND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP1242.642.232.992.815.223.18(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-4 (Continued)



# 4-41AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 1Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 2Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 3Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 4Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Selenium, Totalug/LP125ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)Silver, Totalug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Total (s)ug/L12,50011,90011,30020,00014,20014,000Tin, Totalug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)Titanium, Totalug/LND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)Vanadium, Totalug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP128236237675196572383Aluminum, Dissolvedug/LND(8.80)ND(8.80)<16.9ND(8.80)ND(8.80)<10.4Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L11.35.378.062.5821.79.80Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP117ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L58.483.773.6ND(18.0)ND(18.0)<50.3Cadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L290256ND(7.00)ND(7.00)478<208Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP119ND(0.270)ND(0.270)0.440ND(0.270)ND(0.270)<0.304Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L1.261.32ND(0.660)2.143.61<1.80Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP1204.7411.747.02.9624.918.3Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L190197445103343256Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1222.051.8914.8ND(0.620)2.50<4.37Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L61.661.7ND(6.30)196170<99.1(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-4 (Continued)



# 4-42AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 1Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 2Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 3Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 4Effluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromGW Treatment(SP-8)(a)Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L8.357.278.156.2114.18.82Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP1243.103.694.15ND(0.310)5.24<3.30Silver, Dissolvedug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L11,50014,00012,10018,60014,00014,000Tin, Dissolvedug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)Titanium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)Vanadium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP128147228605147268279Volatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(20.8)Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP066ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(20.8)Chloroform(s)ug/LP023ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Diethyl phthalateug/LP070ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(20.8)Phenol (e) (s)ug/LP06561.764.367.071.071.067.0Tolueneug/LP086ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# 4-43Table 4-5Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen Indicators, Holland America OosterdamPathogen indicators performance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM graywater treatment system.Average analyte concentrations were determined fromthedaily results presented in Tables 4-2 through 4-4.Percent removals were calculated using the average influent to and effluentfromtreatment analyteconcentrations.AnalyteUnitAverage InfluenttoGraywaterTreatment Concentration(SP-6)(a)Average Influent toGraywater UV DisinfectionConcentration(SP-7)(a)Average EffluentfromGraywaterTreatment Concentration(SP-8) (a)Percent RemovalPathogen IndicatorsE. coliMPN/100 mL53,600<23.8<1.35>99EnterococciMPN/100mL#1,070<1.00ND(1.00)>99Fecal ColiformCFU/100 mL<21,800,0007,030<1.82>99(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result reported includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).

# 4-44Table 4-6Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for AnalytesOther Than Pathogen Indicators, Holland America OosterdamPerformance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM graywater treatment systemfor analytes other than pathogen indicators detected ineither the influent to oreffluent fromgraywater treatment.Range and average analyte concentrations were determined fromthe daily results presented in Tables 4-2 and 4-4.Percentremovals were calculated using the average graywater influent and effluent analyte concentrations.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423,Appendix A) are identified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-6)(a)Influent to GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-6)(a)AverageEffluent fromGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-8)(a)Effluent fromGWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-8)(a)PercentRemovalClassical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L43.531.8 - 56.4<22.3ND(10.0) - 34.949Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L143132 - 14928.123.2 - 37.380Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L405335 - 53862.350.5 - 79.085Chloride (s)mg/L18.613.0 - 25.013.48.00 - 17.028Hardness (e) (s)mg/L6.145.18 - 8.881.100.390 - 1.9082Hexane Extractable Material (HEM)mg/L64.237.0 - 143ND(6.00)ND(6.00)>91Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L0.03600.0110 - 0.120<0.0202ND(0.0100) - 0.027044Settleable ResiduemL/L1.140.500 -3.00ND(0.109)ND(0.105) - ND(0.110)> 90Silica Gel TreatedHEM (SGT-HEM)mg/L<6.20ND(6.00) - 7.00ND(6.00)ND(6.00)>3.2Sulfate (s)mg/L10.86.91 - 12.23.052.17 - 4.1772Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L10764.0 - 160<35.1ND(10.0) - 67.067Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L9.080.380 - 15.52.150.0800 - 6.7476Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L53.444.5 - 60.415.912.9 - 21.070Total Phosphorusmg/L1.700.850- 3.940.1760.120 - 0.22090Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L89.273.0 - 99.0ND(5.00)ND(5.00)>94(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.Table 4-6 (Continued)



# 4-45AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-6)(a)Influent to GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-6)(a)AverageEffluent fromGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-8)(a)Effluent fromGWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-8)(a)PercentRemovalTotal and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L744653 - 1,020<15.2ND(8.80) - 28.098Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCBarium, Total (e) (s)ug/L135134 - 13718.68.60 - 31.986Boron, Totalug/L<29.3ND(18.0) - 74.3<38.9ND(18.0) - 83.0NCCadmium,Totalug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)<0.0813ND(0.0800) - <0.0867NCCalcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L1,6801,570 - 1,960269112 - 50284Chromium, Totalug/LP1195.252.76 - 9.52ND(0.270)ND(0.270)> 95Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)NCCopper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP120213156 - 28969.922.5 - 16767Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L374334 - 423405193 - 720NCLead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1227.385.41 - 9.34<8.50ND(0.620) - 28.5NCMagnesium, Total (s)ug/L471305 - 96810634.4 - 21677Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L7.856.95 - 8.8722.53.77 - 81.1NCMercury,Totalug/LP123<0.0580ND(0.0500) - 0.0850ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)>14Molybdenum, Totalug/LND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)NCNickel, Total (s)ug/LP12417.114.5 - 18.53.182.23 - 5.2281Selenium, Totalug/LP125ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)NCSilver, Totalug/LP126<1.37ND(0.770) - 2.27ND(0.770)ND(0.770)> 44Sodium, Total (s)ug/L21,30016,000 - 26,40014,00011,300 - 20,00034Tin, Totalug/L<2.46ND(0.940)- 6.92ND(0.940)ND(0.940)> 62(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.Table 4-6 (Continued)



# 4-46AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-6)(a)Influent to GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-6)(a)AverageEffluent fromGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-8)(a)Effluent fromGWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-8)(a)PercentRemovalTitanium, Totalug/L2.041.47 - 3.51ND(0.620)ND(0.620)> 70Vanadium, Totalug/L<0.696ND(0.470) - 0.890ND(0.470)ND(0.470)> 32Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP128791598 - 924383196 - 67552Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L233183 - 279<10.4ND(8.80) - <16.996Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCArsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCBarium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L48.625.3 - 78.49.802.58 - 21.780Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP117ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)NCBoron, Dissolved (e)ug/L<71.1ND(18.0) - 114<50.3ND(18.0) - 83.729Cadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)NCCalcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L1,230761 - 1,630<208ND(7.00) - 47883Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP1190.5640.370 - 0.760<0.304ND(0.270) - 0.44046Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L3.201.72 - 5.11<1.80ND(0.660) - 3.6144Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12010970.6 - 20518.32.96 - 47.083Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L189165 - 212256103 - 445NCLead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1222.221.01 - 4.47<4.37ND(0.620) - 14.8NCMagnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L427234 - 929<99.1ND(6.30) - 19677Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L10.37.30 - 14.98.826.21 - 14.115Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)NCNickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12413.812.6 - 15.5<3.30ND(0.310) - 5.2476Silver, Dissolvedug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NC(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.Table 4-6 (Continued)



# 4-47AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-6)(a)Influent to GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-6)(a)AverageEffluent fromGW TreatmentConcentration(SP-8)(a)Effluent fromGWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-8)(a)PercentRemovalSodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L24,10019,100 - 30,70014,00011,500 - 18,60042Tin, Dissolvedug/L<0.960ND(0.940) - 1.04ND(0.940)ND(0.940)> 2.1Titanium, Dissolvedug/L<0.682ND(0.620) - 0.920ND(0.620)ND(0.620)> 9.1Vanadium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)NCZinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP128170130 - 252279147 - 605NCVolatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(10.6)ND(10.0) - ND(12.0)ND(20.8)ND(20.0) - ND(22.0)NCBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP066<15.0ND(10.0) - 23.0ND(20.8)ND(20.0) - ND(22.0)NCChloroform(s)ug/LP023ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCDiethyl phthalateug/LP070<12.4ND(10.0) - 14.0ND(20.8)ND(20.0) - ND(22.0)NCPhenol (e) (s)ug/LP06549.432.0 - 62.067.061.7 - 71.0NCTolueneug/LP086<5.20ND(5.00) - 6.00ND(5.00)ND(5.00)>3.8(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.

# 4-48Table 4-7Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatment SystemAnalytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for the influent to the sewage/graywater (Sewage/GW) treatment systemfor analytes detected at least once inwastewater samples during thesampling episode.See Appendices A-1 and A-2 for all analyticalresults (detected and nondetected).Influent to sewage/graywater treatment systemsampleswere collected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology.Figure 2-3 identifies sampling pointlocation.Average influent to treatment concentrations determined fromthe daily results.Priority pollutants (designated byEPA in 40 CFR Part 423, AppendixA) are identified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 1Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 2Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 3Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 4Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-12)(a)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coli(b)MPN/100 mL10,400,000 [N=2]10,100,000 [N=2]8,940,000 [N=2]7,050,000 [N=2]5,940,000 [N=2]8,480,000Enterococci (b)MPN/100 mL1,400,000 [N=2]1,970,000 [N=2]949,000 [N=2]819,000 [N=2]602,000 [N=2]1,150,000Fecal Coliform(b)CFU/100 mL52,000,000[N=2]15,000,000 [N=2]8,950,000 [N=2]28,000,000 [N=2]30,800,000 [N=2]26,900,000Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L529537508650564558Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD5)mg/L9191,380690736717888Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L2,4902,8301,8001,9602,0402,220Chloride (s)mL/L12595.0125145145127Hardness (e) (s)mg/L51.828.551.340.744.443.3Hexane Extractable Material (HEM)mg/L52.085.062.050.048.059.4Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s)mg/L0.01700.01600.02900.03700.03500.0268Settleable ResiduemL/L20.051.039.0ND(0.130)0.660<22.2Silica Gel Treated HEM(SGT-HEM)mg/L7.008.008.006.006.007.00Sulfate (s)mg/L11312113115396.5123(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-7 (Continued)



# 4-49AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 1Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 2Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 3Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 4Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-12)(a)Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L756608596842788718Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L192197192200182193Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L262225271302267265Total Phosphorusmg/L23.124.220.923.331.824.7Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L6501,110635560680727Total and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L1,3608471,4601,3301,6301,330Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Total (e) (s)ug/L318185309234273264Boron, Totalug/LND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)98.5121<54.7Cadmium,Totalug/LP1180.3800.2200.5200.3800.4700.394Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L13,9006,87013,7009,55011,20011,000Chromium, Totalug/LP1198.634.5212.67.668.788.44Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)Copper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP120384372542468490451Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L1,1908201,5601,2201,4601,250Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1227.857.9410.710.113.410.0Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L4,1302,7604,1504,1003,9803,820Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L68.844.158.765.762.660.0Mercury,Totalug/LP1230.2400.1900.2200.1900.2600.220Molybdenum, Totalug/L2.43ND(1.60)2.081.82ND(1.60)<1.91(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-7 (Continued)



# 4-50AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 1Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 2Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 3Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 4Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-12)(a)Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP12422.820.935.528.132.127.9Selenium, Totalug/LP125ND(1.40)ND(1.40)2.852.702.99<2.27Silver, Totalug/LP1263.111.245.282.402.522.91Sodium, Total (s)ug/L81,50061,90088,100103,00090,80085,100Tin, Totalug/L6.525.208.838.798.477.56Titanium, Totalug/L2.792.383.293.013.633.02Vanadium, Totalug/L1.500.5401.641.63ND(0.470)<1.16Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1281,4401,0003,1901,5801,7301,790Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L235310244408464332Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)2.78ND(2.00)<2.16Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L84.759.488.773.910081.3Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP117ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L109129ND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)<58.4Cadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L5,7703,0805,1704,4806,3604,970Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP1192.061.834.112.913.512.88Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L5.789.365.4613.723.311.5Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12056.615386.6130125110Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L9038825509381,230901Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1221.413.222.503.122.572.56(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-7 (Continued)



# 4-51AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 1Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 2Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 3Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 4Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-12)(a)Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L3,1102,8003,3503,7403,9303,390Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L64.762.533.086.496.368.6Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)0.05700.0550ND(0.0500)<0.0524Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12421.129.127.328.133.327.8Silver, Dissolvedug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L92,90094,10084,100107,000106,00096,800Tin, Dissolvedug/L2.192.582.492.942.492.54Titanium, Dissolvedug/L0.8400.960ND(0.620)0.6700.840<0.786Vanadium, Dissolvedug/L0.5600.5600.4900.7600.7300.620Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP128409524644569459521Volatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(11.0)ND(13.0)ND(12.0)ND(11.2)Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP06649.094.045.047.047.056.4Chloroform(s)ug/LP023ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Diethyl phthalateug/LP070ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(11.0)ND(13.0)ND(12.0)ND(11.2)Phenol (e) (s)ug/LP06595.067.060.010015094.4Tolueneug/LP086ND(5.00)ND(5.00)6.007.007.00<6.00Polychlorinated BiphenylsPCB-2pg/L17.5NCNCNCNCPCB-6pg/L121NCNCNCNCPCB-11pg/L1,900NCNCNCNC(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-7 (Continued)



# 4-52AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 1Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 2Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 3Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 4Influent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-11)(a)Day 5AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment(SP-12)(a)PCB-16pg/L367NCNCNCNCPCB-17pg/L360NCNCNCNCPCB-18+PCB-30pg/L704NCNCNCNCPCB-20+PCB-28pg/L1,080NCNCNCNCPCB-21+PCB-33pg/L603NCNCNCNCPCB-22pg/L399NCNCNCNCPCB-31pg/L891NCNCNCNCPCB-44+PCB-47+PCB-65pg/L849NCNCNCNCPCB-52pg/L654NCNCNCNCPCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PCB-76pg/L1,190NCNCNCNCPCB-64pg/L279NCNCNCNCPCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB163pg/L958NCNCNCNCPCB-153+PCB-168pg/L1,070NCNCNCNCPCB-180+PCB-193pg/L620NCNCNCNCTotal Dichloro Biphenylspg/L2,020NCNCNCNCTotal Hexachloro Biphenylspg/L2,030NCNCNCNCTotal PCBspg/L11,400NCNCNCNCTotal Tetrachloro Biphenylspg/L2,970NCNCNCNCTotal Trichloro Biphenylspg/L4,400NCNCNCNC(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=2]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# 4-53Table 4-8Influent to Sewage/Graywater UV DisinfectionAnalytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for the influent to UV disinfection part of the sewage/graywater wastewater treatment system.Influent to UV disinfection samples werecollected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology.Figure 2-3 identifies sampling point location.Average influent to UV concentrations determined fromthe daily results.AnalyteUnitInfluent toSewage/GW UV(SP-12)(a)Day 1Influent toSewage/GW UV(SP-12)(a)Day 2Influent toSewage/GW UV(SP-12)(a)Day 3Influent toSewage/GW UV(SP-12)(a)Day 4Influent toSewage/GW UV(SP-12)(a)Day 5Average Influent toSewage/GW UVPathogen IndicatorsE. coli(b)MPN/100 mL13.9 [N=3]22.2 [N=3]141 [N=3]192 [N=3]<22.4 [N=3]<78.3Enterococci (b)MPN/100 mL24.8 [N=3]128 [N=3]>1,120 [N=3]408 [N=3]<12.1 [N=3]#338Fecal Coliform(b)CFU/100 mL33.0 [N=3]30.3 [N=3]113 [N=3]294[N=3]30.0 [N=3]100(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).

# 4-54Table 4-9Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment SystemAnalytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for the effluent fromsewage/graywater treatmentsystemfor analytes detectedat least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode.See Appendices A-1and A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected).Effluent fromtreatment systemsamples were collected for five consecutive 24­hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for sample collection methodology.Figure 2-3 identifies sampling point location.Average effluent fromtreatmentconcentrations determined fromthe daily results.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 1Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 2Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 3Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 4Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coli(b)MPN/100 mLND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]<5.07 [N=3]<1.81Enterococci (b)MPN/100 mL< 1.00 [N=3]<1.00 [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.00) [N=3]<62.0 [N=3]<13.2Fecal Coliform(b)CFU/100 mLND(1.00) [N=3]ND(1.33) [N=3]ND(2.00) [N=3]ND(2.00) [N=3]ND(2.00) [N=3]ND(1.67)Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L321436319362338355Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD5)mg/L3.875.893.934.253.184.22Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L148112102109123119Chloride (s)mg/L12585.0125145142124Hardness (e) (s)mg/L37.734.433.034.132.334.3Hexane Extractable Material (HEM)mg/LND(6.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(5.60)Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L0.09500.01600.07700.03230.05900.0559Settleable ResiduemL/LND(0.115)ND(0.120)ND(0.130)ND(0.110)ND(0.103)ND(0.116)Silica Gel TreatedHEM (SGT-HEM)mg/LND(6.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(5.60)Sulfate (s)mg/L43.534.946.553.224.940.6Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mL/L470434442493513470(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-9 (Continued)



# 4-55AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 1Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 2Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 3Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 4Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L4.1383.268.672.464.058.5Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L45.436.042.230.233.937.5Total Phosphorusmg/L23.714.411.110.713.114.6Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/LND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Total and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L12513876.9108111112Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Total (e) (s)ug/L77.273.876.875.969.374.6Boron, Totalug/LND(18.0)ND(18.0)158116132<88.3Cadmium,Totalug/LP1180.105ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)<0.0850Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L9,5808,7908,8008,9608,5008,920Chromium, Totalug/LP1190.7500.5301.921.751.631.32Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)Copper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12058.76.515.813.497.8016.5Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L758749270541901644Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1227.563.742.102.107.074.51Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L3,3503,0202,6902,8502,6902,920Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L52.755.614.845.141.341.9Mercury,Totalug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)Molybdenum, Totalug/LND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP12424.728.625.230.133.228.3(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-9 (Continued)



# 4-56AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 1Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 2Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 3Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 4Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Selenium, Totalug/LP125ND(1.40)ND(1.40)< 2.18ND(1.40)ND(1.40)<1.56Silver, Totalug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Total (s)ug/L103,000101,000106,000120,000114,000109,000Tin, Totalug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)< 0.993ND(0.940)ND(0.940)<0.951Titanium, Totalug/LND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)Vanadium, Totalug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1289055683637201,050721Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L11311678.4116161117Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L70.164.774.280.188.675.5Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP117ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L137114ND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)<61.0Cadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP118< 0.105ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)<0.0850Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L8,6907,9208,1709,33010,9009,000Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP1191.321.241.351.432.021.47Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/LND(0.660)1.60<1.461.933.76<1.88Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12053.96.334.673.6010.515.8Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L7817362745071,130685Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1226.925.081.712.037.984.74Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L3,0502,7102,5803,0003,4602,960(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-9 (Continued)



# 4-57AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 1Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 2Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 3Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 4Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Day 5AverageEffluent fromSewage/GWTreatment(SP-13)(a)Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L49.653.217.350.464.747.0Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123< 0.0555ND(0.0500)<0.0680ND(0.0500)0.0950<0.0637Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12424.628.722.829.641.229.4Silver, Dissolvedug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L103,000102,00094,000117,000134,000110,000Tin, Dissolvedug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)Titanium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)Vanadium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP1288495283546871,360755Volatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(24.0)ND(22.0)ND(21.0)ND(17.4)Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP066ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(24.0)ND(22.0)ND(21.0)ND(17.4)Chloroform(s)ug/LP023ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Diethyl phthalateug/LP070ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(24.0)ND(22.0)ND(21.0)ND(17.4)Phenol (e) (s)ug/LP06548.060.071.069.069.063.4Tolueneug/LP086ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-hour sampling period, followed byan indication of the number of results included in theaverage (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# 4-58Table 4-10Sewage/Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen Indicators, Holland America OosterdamPathogen indicators performance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system.Average analyte concentrations were determined fromthe daily results presented in Tables 4-7 through 4-9.Percentremovals were calculated using the average influent to and effluent fromtreatment analyteconcentrations.AnalyteUnitAverage Influent toSewage/GW TreatmentConcentration(SP-11)(a)Average Influent toSewage/GW UVDisinfection Concentration(SP-12)(a)AverageEffluent fromSewage/GW TreatmentConcentration(SP-13) (a)Percent RemovalPathogen IndicatorsE. coliMPN/100mL8,480,000<78.3<1.81>99EnterococciMPN/100mL1,150,000#338<13.2>99Fecal ColiformCFU/100 mL26,900,000100ND(1.67)>99(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result reported includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results.).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratoryas “>” because the sample was notdiluted sufficiently(see Appendix D).Table 4-11



# 4-59Sewage/Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Analytes Other than Pathogen Indicators, Holland AmericaOosterdamPerformance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM sewage/graywater Reverse Osmosis treatment systemfor analytes other than pathogenindicators detected ineither the influent to or effluent fromsewage/graywater treatment.Range and average analyte concentrations were determined fromthe daily results presented inTables 4-7 and 4-9.Percentremovals were calculated using the average sewage/graywater influent and effluent analyte concentrations.Priority pollutants(designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-11)(a)Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-11)(a)Average EffluentfromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-13)(a)Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-13)(a)PercentRemovalClassical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L558508 - 650355319 - 43636Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L888690 - 1,3804.223.18 - 5.89> 99Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L2,2201,800 - 2,830119102 - 14895Chloride (s)mg/L12795.0 - 14512485.0 - 1452.1Hardness (e) (s)mg/L43.328.5 - 51.834.332.3 - 37.721Hexane Extractable Material (HEM)mg/L59.448.0 - 85.0ND(5.60)ND(5.00) - ND(6.00)>91Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L0.02680.0160 - 0.03700.05590.0160 - 0.0950NCSettleable ResiduemL/L<22.2ND(0.130)- 51.0ND(0.116)ND(0.103) - ND(0.130)> 99Silica Gel Treated HEM(SGT-HEM)mg/L7.006.00 - 8.00ND(5.60)ND(5.00) - ND(6.00)>20Sulfate (s)mg/L12396.5 - 15340.624.9 - 53.267Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L718596 - 842470434 - 51334Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L193182 - 20058.54.13 - 83.270Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L265225 - 30237.530.2 - 45.486Total Phosphorusmg/L24.720.9 - 31.814.610.7 - 23.741Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L727560 - 1,110ND(5.00)ND(5.00)>99(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.Table 4-11 (Continued)



# 4-60AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-11)(a)Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-11)(a)Average EffluentfromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-13)(a)Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-13)(a)PercentRemovalTotal and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L1,330847 - 1,63011276.9 - 13892Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCBarium, Total (e) (s)ug/L264185 - 31874.669.3 - 77.272Boron, Totalug/L<54.7ND(18.0) - 121<88.3ND(18.0) - 158NCCadmium,Totalug/LP1180.3940.220- 0.520<0.0850ND(0.0800) - 0.10578Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L11,0006,870 - 13,9008,9208,500 - 9,58019Chromium, Totalug/LP1198.444.52 - 12.61.320.530 - 1.9284Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)NCCopper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP120451372 - 54216.53.49 - 58.796Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L1,250820 - 1,560644270 - 90148Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12210.07.85 - 13.44.512.10 - 7.5655Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L3,8202,760 - 4,1502,9202,690 - 3,35024Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L60.044.1 - 68.841.914.8 - 55.630Mercury,Totalug/LP1230.2200.190 - 0.260ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)>77Molybdenum, Totalug/L<1.91ND(1.60) - 2.43ND(1.60)ND(1.60)>16Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP12427.920.9 - 35.528.324.7 - 33.2NCSelenium, Totalug/LP125<2.27ND(1.40) - 2.99<1.56ND(1.40) - <2.1831Silver, Totalug/LP1262.911.24- 5.28ND(0.770)ND(0.770)> 74Sodium, Total (s)ug/L85,10061,900 - 103,000109,000101,000 - 120,000NCTin, Totalug/L7.565.20 - 8.83<0.951ND(0.940) - <0.99387(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.Table 4-11 (Continued)



# 4-61AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-11)(a)Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-11)(a)Average EffluentfromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-13)(a)Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-13)(a)PercentRemovalTitanium, Totalug/L3.022.38 - 3.63ND(0.620)ND(0.620)> 79Vanadium, Totalug/L<1.16ND(0.470) - 1.64ND(0.470)ND(0.470)> 59Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1281,7901,000 - 3,190721363 - 1,05060Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L332235 - 46411778.4 - 16165Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114<2.16ND(2.00) - 2.78ND(2.00)ND(2.00)>7.2Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCBarium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L81.359.4 - 10075.564.7 - 88.67.1Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP117ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)NCBoron, Dissolved (e)ug/L<58.4ND(18.0) - 129<61.0ND(18.0) - 137NCCadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)<0.0850ND(0.0800) - <0.105NCCalcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L4,9703,080 - 6,3609,0007,920 - 10,900NCChromium, Dissolvedug/LP1192.881.83 - 4.111.471.24 - 2.0249Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L11.55.46 - 23.3<1.88ND(0.660) - 3.7684Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12011056.6 - 15315.83.60 - 53.986Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L901550 - 1,230685274 - 1,13024Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1222.561.41 - 3.224.741.71 - 7.98NCMagnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L3,3902,800 - 3,9302,9602,580 - 3,46013Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L68.633.0 - 96.347.017.3 - 64.731Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123<0.0524ND(0.0500) - 0.0570<0.0637ND(0.0500) - 0.0950NCNickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12427.821.1 - 33.329.422.8 - 41.2NCSilver, Dissolvedug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NC(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.Table 4-11 (Continued)



# 4-62AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeAverage Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-11)(a)Influent toSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-11)(a)Average EffluentfromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration(SP-13)(a)Effluent fromSewage/GWTreatmentConcentration Range(SP-13)(a)PercentRemovalSodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L96,80084,100 - 107,000110,00094,000 - 134,000NCTin, Dissolvedug/L2.542.19 - 2.94ND(0.940)ND(0.940)> 63Titanium, Dissolvedug/L<0.786ND(0.620) - 0.960ND(0.620)ND(0.620)> 21Vanadium, Dissolvedug/L0.6200.490 - 0.760ND(0.470)ND(0.470)> 24Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP128521409 - 644755354 - 1,360NCVolatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(11.2)ND(10.0) - ND(13.0)ND(17.4)ND(10.0) - ND(24.0)NCBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP06656.445.0 - 94.0ND(17.4)ND(10.0) - ND(24.0)>69Chloroform(s)ug/LP023ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCDiethyl phthalateug/LP070ND(11.2)ND(10.0) - ND(13.0)ND(17.4)ND(10.0) - ND(24.0)NCPhenol (e) (s)ug/LP06594.460.0 - 15063.448.0 - 71.033Tolueneug/LP086<6.00ND(5.00) - 7.00ND(5.00)ND(5.00)>17(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel insource water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sample.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimumlevel of removal.

# 4-63Table 4-12Final Combined Treated Effluent, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for the final combined treated effluent (graywater and sewage/graywater treatment effluents combined for overboard discharge) for analytesdetected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode.See Appendices A-1 and A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected).Final combined treated effluent samples were collected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology.Average final combined effluent concentrations determined fromthe daily results.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in CFR Part 423, Appendix A) areidentified where applicable.AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeFinal CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 1Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 2Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 3Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 4Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 5Average FinalCombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coli(b)MPN/100 mL< 25.3 [N=2]<3.43 [N=3]ND(1.00)[N=3]ND(1.00)[N=3]ND(1.00)[N=3]<6.35Enterococci (b)MPN/100 mL6.45 [N=2]<1.00 [N=3]ND(1.00)[N=3]ND(1.00)[N=3]<1.00 [N=3]<2.09Fecal Coliform(b)CFU/100 mLND(1.00)[N=2]<1.67 [N=3]ND(2.00) [N=3]<2.00 [N=3]ND(2.00) [N=3]<1.73Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L16114613898.4155140Biochemical OxygenDemand(BOD5)mg/L17.519.817.018.915.017.6Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD) (s)mg/L12974.080.075.086.088.8Chloride (s)mg/L59575.075.047545.0253Hardness (e) (s)mg/L11424.320.111318.858.0Hexane Extractable Material(HEM)mg/LND(6.00)ND(5.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(5.80)Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N +NO3-N) (s)mg/L0.06300.07900.06900.01700.05600.0568Settleable ResiduemL/LND(0.110)ND(0.100)ND(0.110)ND(0.110)ND(0.110)ND(0.108)Silica Gel Treated HEM(SGT-HEM)mg/LND(6.00)ND(5.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(6.00)ND(5.80)(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-12 (Continued)



# 4-64AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeFinal CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 1Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 2Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 3Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 4Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 5Average FinalCombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Sulfate (s)mg/L89.216.620.068.423.243.5Total Dissolved Solids(TDS)mg/L1,190256259998257592Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(TKN) (s)mg/L2.9422.00.8400.46031.411.5Total Organic Carbon(TOC) (s)mg/L21.720.719.512.621.919.3Total Phosphorusmg/L3.614.0631.62.826.319.68Total Suspended Solids(TSS)mg/LND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Total and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/LND(8.80)ND(8.80)27.630.566.0<28.3Arsenic, Totalug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Total (e) (s)ug/L48.730.129.918.842.434.0Boron, Totalug/L159ND(18.0)88.8146101<103Cadmium,Totalug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L10,4003,7703,5808,4704,1806,080Chromium, Totalug/LP119ND(0.270)ND(0.270)0.8100.3400.900<0.518Cobalt, Totalug/LND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)Copper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP1208.596.146.624.3315.58.24Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L332284194114525290Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP122ND(0.620)ND(0.620)1.30ND(0.620)3.95<1.42Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L21,3003,6202,71022,4002,02010,400Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L22.419.88.227.3221.915.9(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-12 (Continued)



# 4-65AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeFinal CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 1Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 2Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 3Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 4Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 5Average FinalCombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Mercury,Totalug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)0.05100.0510<0.0504Molybdenum, Totalug/LND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP12410.49.8812.36.7617.611.4Selenium, Totalug/LP125ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)Silver, Totalug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Total (s)ug/L196,00061,80061,100219,00064,900121,000Tin, Totalug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)Titanium, Totalug/LND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)Vanadium, Totalug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP128454335295326662414Aluminum, Dissolvedug/LND(8.80)ND(8.80)ND(8.80)ND(8.80)73.8<21.8Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP114ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP115ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L44.928.330.322.741.933.6Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP117ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)ND(0.0700)Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L20493.6135181ND(18.0)<126Cadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP118ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L12,7003,7603,8309,9104,2106,880Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP1190.3600.3900.4400.2800.2900.352Cobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/LND(0.660)1.131.672.471.85<1.56Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP1204.905.776.172.0310.25.81Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L29229616782.9412250(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-12 (Continued)



# 4-66AnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeFinal CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 1Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 2Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 3Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 4Final CombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Day 5Average FinalCombinedDischarge(SP-16)(a)Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP1221.721.050.770ND(0.620)2.43<1.32Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L30,5003,6502,94026,9002,02013,200Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L21.422.211.312.324.218.3Mercury,Dissolvedug/LP123ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)0.07200.120<0.0684Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12410.811.812.07.7216.111.7Silver, Dissolvedug/LP126ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L283,00068,70062,000246,00061,200144,000Tin, Dissolvedug/LND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)Titanium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)Vanadium, Dissolvedug/LND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP128322299284222573340Volatile and Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP022ND(10.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(22.0)ND(22.0)ND(19.2)Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP066ND(10.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(22.0)ND(22.0)ND(19.2)Chloroform(s)ug/LP023ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)Diethyl phthalateug/LP070ND(10.0)ND(20.0)ND(22.0)ND(22.0)ND(22.0)ND(19.2)Phenol (e) (s)ug/LP06566.040.072.049.038.053.0Tolueneug/LP086ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b)Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period.Results are reported as an average foreach 24-sampling period, followed by an indication ofthe number ofresults included in the average (e.g., [N=3]).See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample results.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in the equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# 4-67Table 4-13Treatment System Residuals and Incinerator AshAnalytical Results, Holland America OosterdamAnalytical results for one-time grab samples of treatment systemresiduals (i.e., graywater screening solids, sewage/graywaterscreening solids, andsewage/graywater waste biosludge) and incinerator ash for analytesdetected at least once in these samples.See Appendix A-2 for all analytical results (detectedand nondetected).Figures 2-2 and 2-3 identify sampling point locations.See Table 3-2 for sample collection methodology.Also shown are averageconcentrations for the influents to the graywater and sewage/graywater treatment concentrations fromTables 4-2 and 4-7 for comparison.Certain treatmentsystemresidual results were converted frommass to volume units;see Section 3.3.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) areidentified where applicable.AnalytePriorityPollutantCodeIncinerator Ash(SP-10)(a)GraywaterScreening Solids(SP-15)(a)Average Influentto GW Treatment(SP-6)(a)Sewage/GWScreening Solids(SP-16)(a)Sewage/GWBiosludge(SP-21)(a)AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment (SP-11)(a)Classical PollutantsAlkalinityNC1,130 mg/L43.5 mg/LND(1,000) mg/LND(1,000) mg/L558 mg/LChemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)NC15,200 mg/L405 mg/L2,390 mg/L332 mg/L2,220 mg/LChloride (s)NC79.8 mg/L18.6 mg/L97.4 mg/L251 mg/L127 mg/LNitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)NC2.20 mg/L0.0360 mg/L1.41 mg/L8.33 mg/L0.0268 mg/LSulfate (s)NC486 mg/L10.8 mg/L498 mg/L1,600 mg/L123 mg/LTotal Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)NC733 mg/L9.08 mg/L9.87 mg/L1,260 mg/L193 mg/LTotal Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)NC9,960 mg/L53.4 mg/L756 mg/L4,060 mg/L265 mg/LTotal PhosphorusNC53.0 mg/L1.70 mg/L15.8 mg/L192 mg/L24.7 mg/LTotal and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Total43,500 mg/kg131,000 ug/L744 ug/L3,590 ug/L22,400 ug/L1,330 ug/LAntimony, TotalP1146.92 mg/kg260 ug/LND(2.00) ug/LND(0.00630) ug/LND(0.00420) ug/LND(2.00) ug/LArsenic, TotalP1154.37 mg/kgND(0.0771) ug/LND(2.00) ug/L9.87 ug/L5.60 ug/LND(2.00) ug/LBarium, Total (s)427 mg/kg49,600 ug/L135 ug/L1,010 ug/L3,790 ug/L264 ug/LBeryllium,TotalP1170.350 mg/kgND(0.00257) ug/LND(0.0700) ug/LND(0.000210)ug/LND(0.000140) ug/LND(0.0700) ug/L(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-13 (Continued)



# 4-68AnalytePriorityPollutantCodeIncinerator Ash(SP-10)(a)GraywaterScreening Solids(SP-15)(a)Average Influentto GW Treatment(SP-6)(a)Sewage/GWScreening Solids(SP-16)(a)Sewage/GWBiosludge(SP-21)(a)AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment (SP-11)(a)Boron, Total324 mg/kgND(0.118) ug/L<29.3 ug/L676 ug/L626 ug/L<54.7ug/LCadmium,TotalP1180.330 mg/kg23.9 ug/LND(0.0800) ug/L2.52 ug/L7.00 ug/L0.394ug/LCalcium,Total (s)179,000 mg/kg568,000 ug/L1,680 ug/L44,300 ug/L103,000 ug/L11,000ug/LChromium, TotalP11971.7 mg/kg3,060 ug/L5.25 ug/L134 ug/L253 ug/L8.44ug/LCobalt, Total18.2 mg/kgND(0.0103) ug/LND(0.660) ug/LND(0.000840)ug/LND(0.000560) ug/LND(0.660)ug/LCopper, Total (s)P120920 mg/kg33,200 ug/L213 ug/L1,090 ug/L6,900 ug/L451ug/LIron, Total (s)8,530 mg/kg272,000 ug/L374 ug/L4,310 ug/L13,800 ug/L1,250ug/LLead, Total (s)P12214.2 mg/kg1,600 ug/L7.38 ug/L3.19 ug/L153 ug/L10.0ug/LMagnesium, Total (s)8,900 mg/kg37,500 ug/L471 ug/L6,740 ug/L32,800 ug/L3,820ug/LManganese, Total (s)450 mg/kg1,720 ug/L7.85 ug/L170 ug/L554 ug/L60.0ug/LMercury,TotalP123ND(0.0200) mg/kg8,740 ug/L<0.0580 ug/LND(0.000420)ug/L3.50 ug/L0.220ug/LMolybdenum, Total15.5 mg/kg414 ug/LND(1.60) ug/L20.6 ug/L55.9 ug/L<1.91 ug/LNickel, Total (s)P12497.4 mg/kg3,340 ug/L17.1 ug/L101 ug/L192 ug/L27.9ug/LSelenium, TotalP125ND(0.230) mg/kg170 ug/LND(1.40) ug/L7.35 ug/L37.5 ug/L<2.27ug/LSilver, TotalP12618.0 mg/kg1,430 ug/L<1.37 ug/L12.4 ug/L55.4 ug/L2.91 ug/LSodium, Total (s)30,800 mg/kg504,000 ug/L21,300 ug/L125,000 ug/L137,000 ug/L85,100 ug/LTin, Total29.3 mg/kgND(0.0925) ug/L<2.46 ug/L288 ug/L339 ug/L7.56ug/LTitanium, Total2,660 mg/kg1,370 ug/L2.04 ug/LND(0.0298) ug/L153 ug/L3.02ug/LVanadium, Total96.6 mg/kg910 ug/L<0.696 ug/L8.40 ug/L32.8 ug/L<1.16ug/LYttrium,Total2.73 mg/kgND(0.0154) ug/LND(0.310) ug/LND(0.00126) ug/L1.11 ug/LND(0.310)ug/LZinc, Total (e) (s)P128572 mg/kg177,000ug/L791 ug/L4,050 ug/L21,400 ug/L1,790ug/L(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 4-13 (Continued)



# 4-69AnalytePriorityPollutantCodeIncinerator Ash(SP-10)(a)GraywaterScreening Solids(SP-15)(a)Average Influentto GW Treatment(SP-6)(a)Sewage/GWScreening Solids(SP-16)(a)Sewage/GWBiosludge(SP-21)(a)AverageInfluent toSewage/GWTreatment (SP-11)(a)Volatile and Semivolatile OrganicsBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateP066ND(170) ug/kg20,100 ug/L<15.0 ug/LND(168) ug/L59.0 ug/L56.4ug/LChloroform(s)P023NC5.74 ug/LND(5.00) ug/LND(4.92) ug/LND(0.0700) ug/LND(5.00)ug/LEthylbenzeneP038NC13.1 ug/LND(5.00) ug/LND(4.92) ug/LND(0.0700) ug/LND(5.00)ug/LPhenol (e) (s)P065250 ug/kgND(8,370) ug/L49.4 ug/LND(168) ug/L380 ug/L94.4ug/LTolueneP086NC19.1 ug/L<5.20 ug/L21.7 ug/LND(0.0700) ug/L<6.00ug/LDioxins and Furans1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF6.00pg/gNCNCNCNCNC1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF5.20pg/gNCNCNCNCNC2,3,7,8-TCDF5.70pg/gNCNCNCNCNCOctachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin12.5pg/gNCNCNCNCNC(a)Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel inthe source water.See Section 4.1.12and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not collected.ND- Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# Table 4-14

Source Water Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam

Analytical results for one-tim e grab sam p le of source water for detected analytes. See Appendix A-2 for all

analytical results (detected and nondetected). Also s hown are Federal drinking water standards for com p arison.

Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable.

Analyte U nit Priority

Pollutant

Code Source Water

(SP-17) (a)

Day 2 Federal Drink i ng

Water Standards

(b)

Classical Pollutants

Chem ical Oxygen Dem a nd (COD) m g /L 28.0

Chloride m g /L 4.40 250

Hardness m g /L 2.91

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) m g/L 0 .0160 10 (Nitrate)

1 (Nitrite)

Sulfate m g/L 13.9 250

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) m g /L 0.320

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) m g/L 1 .05

Total and Dissolved Metals

Barium , Total ug/L 185 2,000

Calcium

, Total ug/L 1 ,000

Copper, Total ug/L P 120 193 1,300

Iron, Total ug/L 118 300

Lead, Total ug/L P 122 42.8 0

Magnesium , Total ug/L 96.8

Manganese, Total ug/L 2 .67 5 0

Nickel, Total ug/L P 124 66.0

Sodium , Total ug/L 6 ,640

Zinc, Total ug/L P 128 1,140 5,000

Barium , Dissolved ug/L 181

Calcium

, Dissolved ug/L 912

Cobalt, Dissolved ug/L 2 .30

Copper, Dissolved ug/L P 120 14.0

Lead, Dissolved ug/L P 122 0.790

(a) Sam p ling point num ber; see T a ble 2-1.

(b) 40 CFR 141.62 N a tional Prim ary M a xim u m Contam inant L e vels for Inorganic Contam inants (nitrate/nitrite, barium ); 40 CFR 141 .51

N a tional Prim ary M a xim u m Contam inant L e vel G o als for Inorganic C ontam inants (copper, lead); and 40 CFR 143.3 Secondary M a xim u m

Contam inant L e vels (chloride, sulfate, iron, m a nganese, zinc).



# 4-70

# Table 4-14 (Continued)

Analyte U nit Priority

Pollutant

Code Source Water

(SP-17) (a)

Day 2 Federal Drink i ng

Water Standards

(b)

Magnesium , Dissolved ug/L 92.9

Manganese, Dissolved ug/L 4 .09

Nickel, Dissolved ug/L P 124 3.62

Sodium , Dissolved ug/L 3 ,880

Zinc, Dissolved ug/L P 128 24.9

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics

Chloroform ug/L P 023 24.0

Phenol ug/L P 065 58.0

(a) Sam p ling point num ber; see T a ble 2-1.

(b) 40 CFR 141.62 N a tional Prim ary M a xim u m Contam inant L e vels for Inorganic Contam inants (nitrate/nitrite, barium ); 40 CFR 141 .51

N a tional Prim ary M a xim u m Contam inant L e vel G o als for Inorganic C ontam inants (copper, lead); and 40 CFR 143.3 Secondary M a xim u m

Contam inant L e vels (chloride, sulfate, iron, m a nganese, zinc).



# 4-71

# 4-72Table 4-15FlowData by Sampling Period, Holland America OosterdamFlow data collected via strap-on ultrasonic flow meters installed by the sampling team.Figures 2-1 through 2-3 show the flowmeter locations.Flow per capita was calculated bydividing the daily flow totals by the number of passengers andcrew (2,625 people) onboard the Oosterdamduring the sampling episode.Daily flow per capita was not calculatedfor accommodations because accommodations wastewater flows weremeasured for only one of six accommodations wastewater holdingtanks.SamplingPeriodTotal Daily Flow(m3)Accommodations(SP-1)(a)InfluenttoGraywaterTreatment System(SP-6)(a)EffluentfromGraywaterTreatment System(SP-8)(a)InfluenttoSewage/GraywaterTreatment System(SP-11)(a)EffluentfromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13)(a)Final Combined TreatedEffluent(SP-16)(a)Daily Total Flow,gallons/day(m3/day)Daily TotalFlow,gallons/day(m3/day)Daily FlowPer Capitagallons/day/person(m3/day/person)Daily TotalFlow,gallons/day(m3/day)DailyFlowPerCapita gallons/day/person(m3/day/person)Daily TotalFlow,gallons/day(m3/day)DailyFlowPerCapita gallons/day/person(m3/day/person)Daily TotalFlow,gallons/day(m3/day)DailyFlowPerCapita gallons/day/person(m3/day/person)Daily TotalFlow,gallons/day(m3/day)DailyFlowPerCapitagallons/day/person(m3/day/person)Day14,040 (15.3)75,700 (287)28.8 (0.109)43,600 (165)16.6 (0.0629)65,700 (249)25.0 (0.0947)43,900 (166)16.7 (0.0633)35,500 (134)(b)13.5 (0.0512)(b)Day25,190 (19.7)84,300 (319)32.1 (0.122)61,000 (231)23.2 (0.0880)66,400 (251)25.3(0.0957)44,200 (167)16.9 (0.0638)106,000 (400)40.3 (0.152)Day31,830 (6.92)78,500 (297)29.9 (0.113)56,000 (212)21.3 (0.0808)62,500 (237)23.8(0.0902)41,600 (158)15.9 (0.0600)114,000 (430)43.3 (0.164)Day42,600 (9.84)78,100 (296)29.8 (0.113)NRNC53,100 (201)20.2 (0.0766)36,500 (138)13.9 (0.0526)89,600 (339)(b)34.1 (0.129)(b)Day54,230 (16.0)88,900 (337)33.9 (0.128)NRNC52,700 (200)20.1 (0.0760)40,600 (154)15.5 (0.0585)137,000 (519)52.3 (0.198)Average3,580 (13.5)81,000 (307)30.9 (0.117)53,600 (203)20.4 (0.0774)60,100 (227)22.9 (0.0867)41,400 (157)15.8 (0.0597)119,000 (450)(b)45.3 (0.171)(b)(a)Sampling point number; see Figures 2-1 through 2-3.(b)Average daily discharge flow rate for final combined treated effluent excludes datafromDay1 and 4 when the Oosterdamsuspended discharge while in Washington waters and while cruising Hubbard Glacier.NC - Not calculated.NR - Not recorded, see Section 4.3.

# 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Da y 1 S e at t l e, W A D a y 2 I n s i d e

P a ssa g e Da y 3 J u n eau

, A K Da y 4 Hu bba r d

G l ac ie r D a y 5 S i tk a

, A K



# Sa m p l i n g Pe r i odTotalFlowperDay (cum/day)



# A c c o m m o da ti on s W a s t ew at er I n f l u e n t to G r ay w a te r T r ea tm e n t S y s t em

E f f l ue nt f r om G r ay w a t e r T r eat m e n t S y s t em I n f l ue nt t o S e w a g e / G r a y w at e r T r ea tm e n t S y s t em

E f f l ue nt f r om S e w a ge /G r a y w a t er T r e a t m ent S y s t e m F i n a l C o m b i n ed T r ea te d E f f l ue nt



# Figure 4-1. Total Daily Flow , Holland America Oosterdam

Flow data collected via strap-on ultrasonic flow m e ters in stalled by the sam p ling team

. Flow data are presented as

daily totals for each location. Figures 2-1 through 2-3 show the flow m e ter locations.



# 4-73

# 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2060080010001200140016001800200022000200400



# Ti m e o f D a yHourlyFlow(cu m/hour)



# E f f l ue nt f r om G r a y w a te r T r eatm e n t S y s t e m



# Figure 4-2. Average Hourly Grayw ater Treatment System Flow , Holland America

Oosterdam

Average effluent flow for each hour interval over the three consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods, calculated and

plotted from the strap-on flow m e ter installed by the sam p ling team

. Figure 2-2 shows the flow m e ter location. Bars

represent the standard error of the hourly flow calculated for the three consecutive sam p ling days. Standard error is

calculated as the standard deviation divided by the square root of the num ber of hourly flow m easurem ents (three).



# 4-74

# 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1060080010001200140016001800200022000200400



# Ti m e of D a yHourlyFlow(cu m)



# E f f l uent f r om S e w age/G r ay w a ter T r eatm ent S y s t em



# Figure 4-3. Average Hourly Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System Flow , Holland America

Oosterdam

Average effluent flow for each hour interval over the five consecutive 24-hour sam p ling periods, calculated and

plotted from the strap-on flow m e ter installed by the sam p ling team

. Figure 2-1 shows the flow m e ter location. Bars

represent the standard error of the hourly flow calculated for the five consecutive sam p ling days. Standard error is

calculated as the standard deviation divided by the square root of the num ber of hourly flow m easurem ents (five).



# 4-75

# 5.0 

# D ATA 

# Q UALITY



# Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures applicable to the

Oosterdam sam p ling episode are outlined in the Quality Assurance Project Plan for Rulemaking

Support for Large Cruise Ships in Alaska Waters (QAPP) , which is included in the Cruise Ship

Rulem a king Record and is available upon request. This section describes the quality control

practices used to assess the precision and accuracy of the analytical data presented in Section

4.0. Quality control (QC) practices used for this sam p ling episode include the analysis of m a trix

spikes, duplicate sam p les, and quality control standard checks.

5.1 Analytical Quality Control

EPA verified that laboratory performance was acceptable by conducting quality

checks of the analytical data as specified by the QAPP. D ata review chem ists prepared written

data review narratives (Appendix D) describing any qualifications of the analytical data. The

following data were not considered to be of acceptable quality for the reasons discussed in

Appendix D and were excluded from the data set:

C 

# Three pathogen indicators:

— E. coli, enterococci, and fecal coliform in sam p le 65861.

C 

# Three volatile and sem i volatile organics:

— 2 -chloroethylvinyl ether in sam p les 65876 and 65960; and

— 3,3' -dichlorobenzidine and 4-nitrophenol in sam p le 65960.

5-1

# 5.1.1 Cyanide Results

There was uncertainty regarding the analytical results for available and total

cyanide. Although the data have not been excluded from the database, the results are presented

in Table 5-1 and not in the analytical results sum m a ry tables in Section 4.1. Available cyanide

was detected in m a ny sam p les, while total cyanide was not detected in these sam p les. In theory,

the total cyanide results f o r any given sam p le will be greater than the available cyanide results in

the sam e sam p le. Because it was not possible to determ ine which analysis was correct, EPA

flagged the irreconcilable results in the database to alert users of the presence of such problem s

( s e e me mo r a n d a Data Review Narrative for Classical Analyses for the Alaska Cruise Ship

Industry Episode 6053 and Issues Associated with Results for Total Cyanide Versus Available

Cyanide in Appendix D for a com p lete discussion).

EPA did not identify any known source of cyanide onboard the Oosterdam during

its onboard interviews regarding activities that im pact wastewater generation.

5.1.2 Ammonia Results

EPA considers the Oosterdam am m onia data to be anom alous because am m onia

was either not detected or detected at very low concentrations in all sam p les of the inf l uent to

and effluent from treatm e nt system

. Although these data have not been excluded from the

database, the results are presented in Table 5-2 and not in the analytical results sum m a ry tables

in Section 4.1. Am m onia is produced within hum ans when proteins are digested and used by the

body, and excess am m onia is excreted in urine. Therefore, am m onia is expected to be present in

com b ined cruise vessel graywater and sewage. In general, 2004 com p liance testing data

provided by the U.S. Coast Guard (a total of 25 da ta points) for treated cruise ship wastewater

showed am m onia concentrations generally ranging from 4 m g /L to 110 m g /L, with an average

concentration of 31 m g /L; none of the am m onia concentrations were reported as nondetect.

It is im portant to note that EPA’s review of the am m onia data for all four

sam p ling episodes did not reveal any obvious errors. The quality control results from each

5-2

# laboratory support the results provided and do not suggest any pervasive problem s with the

analyses (i.e., m a trix spike recoveries and ongoing precision and recovery results were well

within the acceptance lim its, blanks were free of am m onia at the levels of interest). The

Veendam and the Island am m onia were analyzed by a different laboratory than the Star and the

O o s t e r d a m a mmo n i a s a mp l e s

.

EPA considers am m onia to be a critical analyte in characterizing graywater and

sewage generation and treatm e nt onboard cruise vessels. Accordingly, EPA believed it was

necessary to collect additional am m onia data to better assess this analyte in cruise ship

wastewater. During the 2005 cruise season, EPA conducted a supplem entary sam p ling program

to collect sam p les of the influents to and effluents from the treatm e nt system s onboard the sam e

four ships that were sam p led in 2004. Five sets of sam p les were collected from each ship and

analyzed for nitrogen com pounds (am m onia, TKN, and nitrate/nitrite). Sam p les were also

analyzed for chem ical oxygen dem a nd and total suspended solids to benchm ark these classical

pollutant concentrations to those m easured during the 2004 cruise season. The 2005 sam p ling

activities, including the analytical results, will be described in a separate sam p ling episode

report.

5.2 Field Quality Control

The trip blank, equipm ent blank, and field duplicate sam p le results are the field

QA/QC m easures discussed in this subsection. Section 3.8 of the Oosterdam SAP discusses field

QC specifications. Tables presented in this section include results for only those analytes

detected in the field QC sam p les during the sam p ling episode. Appendix A-1 and A-2 contain

the results for all analytes, both detected and nondetected.

5.2.1 Trip Blank

A trip blank was collected and analyzed f o r volatile organics to evaluate possible

contam ination during shipm e nt and handling of sam p les. This sam p le consisted of high

perform a nce liquid chrom a tography (HPLC) water. The trip blank was prepared prior to the

5-3

# start of the sam p ling episode, and accom p anied sam p les shipped to the laboratory on Septem ber

22, 2004.

No volatile organics were detected in the trip blank, indicating that there was no

contam ination of sam p les during transport, fi eld handling, storage, or shipping. A table with the

results of the analyses in this section of the report was not included, because all results are

nondetects.

5.2.2 Equipment Blank

The sam p ling team collected an equipm ent blank to assess the potential

introduction of contam inants by sam p le collection equipm ent. The sam p le collection equipm ent

used to collect the equipm ent blank was the sam e as that used at the sam p ling points:

approxim a tely 4 feet of Teflon® tubing connect ed on one end to a series of m e tal plum bing

fixtures installed on each sam p le port, and the other end to a sm all segm ent of silicone tubing

used in the peristaltic pum p m echanism of the autom a tic sam p ler. The equipm ent blank was

collected by pum ping HPLC water through this equipm ent directly into sam p le bottles.

Table 5-3 presents the detected results for the equipm ent blank. Seven total

m e tals, 6 dissolved m e tals, and one organic were detected in the equipm ent blank. Table 5-3

also includes a value for hardness (a classical analyte), which is calculated based on the total

m a gnesium and calcium concentrations detected in the sam p le using Standard Method 2340B.

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, all 15 of these analytes are flagged with

an “(e)” to indicate they were detected in the equipm ent blank. EPA will consider the im pact of

possible contam ination from sam p ling equipm ent in a future analysis.

5.2.3 Field Duplicates

Field duplicate sam p les were collected to assess the precision of the entire sam p le

collection, handling, preparation, and analysis process. The relative percent difference (RPD)

between the two duplicate sam p le results is calculated and com p ared to the data quality

5-4

# objective. For this program , the QAPP provides an RPD target for field duplicate sam p les as

less than 30% for all analytes of a specific analytical m e thod.

Classical Pollutants, Total and Dissolved Metals, and Semivolatile Organics

For classical pollutants, total and dissolved m e tals, and sem i volatile organics,

field duplicate sam p les were sam p les collected from the sam e source, at the sam e tim e, then

stored and analyzed independently. The duplicate sam p les were collected as split sam p les

poured from the sam e m i xed sam p le com posite jars to m i nim i ze sam p le wastestream variability.

Duplicate sam p les for these analytes were coll ected from the effluents from the graywater

treatm e nt system (SP-8/9) and sewage/graywat er treatm e nt (SP-13/14). Note that duplicate

sam p les for dioxins and furans, and pesticide analytes were collected during a previous sam p ling

episode, and duplicate sam p les for HEM and SGT-HEM were not planned for this sam p ling

program

.

Table 5-4 presents analytical results and the RPDs for these duplicate sam p les and

includes analytical results for only those analytes that were detected at least once in wastewater

sam p les during the sam p ling episode.

There was excellent precision in sam p ling and analysis for this sam p ling episode.

Of the 207 duplicate pairs listed in Table 5-4, 188 either achieved the RPD target, or the RPD

could not be calculated because both of the duplicate sam p les were less than the reporting lim it.

The RPD could not be calculated for 12 of the duplicate pairs because the analyte was detected

in one sam p le but not the other. Analytical variability increases as analyte concentrations

approach their detection lim its. The seven duplicate pairs with an RPD outside of the target (i.e.,

$ 

# 30% difference) include hardness, nitrate/nitrite (2 pairs), total m a nganese, phenol, and sulfate

(2 pairs). These results are not uncom m on in com p lex wastewater sam p les.

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, duplicate sam p le results

are presented as averages (calculation uses detection lim its for nondetected results).

5-5

# Pathogen Indicators and Volatile Organics

For pathogen indicators and volatile organics, field duplicate sam p les were

collected sequentially and not as split sam p les as was done for the other analytes. For these

sam p les, this m e thodology introduced sam p le wastestream variability into the assessm ent of the

precision of sam p le collection and analysis. Duplicate sam p les for these analytes were collected

from the effluent from the two treatm e nt sy stem s (SP-8/9 and SP-13/14). Table 5-5 presents

analytical results and the RPDs for these duplicate sam p les. RPDs could not be calculated for 34

of the 36 duplicate pairs listed in Table 5-5 because both of the duplicate sam p les were less than

the reporting lim it. For the rem a ining two duplicate pairs (both fecal coliform in the effluent

from the graywater treatm e nt system ), one achieved the QAPP-specified target (i.e., <30%

dif f

e rence) and one did not. Analytical variability increases as analyte concentrations approach

their detection lim its.

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, duplicate sam p le results

are presented as averages (calculation uses detection lim its for nondetected results). In the case

of pathogen indicators, average daily results presented incorporate both duplicate grab sam p les

and m u ltiple grab sam p les collected for individual analysis during each 24-hour sam p ling period.

First, duplicate results, where applicable, were averaged to determ ine the average individual grab

sam p le results for each day (e.g., grab 1 duplicate sam p le results for Day 3 were averaged

together to represent the average grab 1 sam p le result for Day 3). Next, the individual grab

sam p le results for each day were averaged to calculate the average daily pathogen indicators

results presented in the tables (e.g., grab sam p le results 1 through 3 for Day 3 were averaged

together to calculate the average Day 3 pathogen indicators sam p le results). In this way, the

average daily pathogen indicators results presented in the tables are weighted equally by tim e of

day, rather than weighted m o re heavily by the particular tim e of day when duplicate grab

sam p les were collected.

5-6

# Table 5-1

Available and Total Cyanide Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam

Available and total cyanide analytical resu lts are irreconcilable; see Section 5.1.1.

Waste Stream A vailable Cyanide (ug/L) Total Cyanide (mg/L)

Accom m odations (SP-1) 4.20 ND(0.00500)

Laundry (SP-2) 11.6 0 .00700

Galley (SP-3) ND(2.00) ND(0.00500)

Food Pulper, Centrifuge Sy stem (SP-5) 0.0534 ND(0.249)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 1 3 .91 N D(0.00500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 2 2 .84 N D(0.00500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 3 3 .18 N D(0.00500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 4 3 .35 N D(0.00500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 5 2 .21 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 1 3 .49 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 2 2 .31 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 3 7 .55 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 4 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 5 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 1 45.5 N D(0.00500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 2 36.2 N D(0.00500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 3 75.6 N D(0.00500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 4 72.2 N D(0.00500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 5 76.5 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 1 < 3.04 < 0.00550

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 2 4 .41 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 3 3 .49 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 4 3 .22 N D(0.00500)

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 5 3 .34 N D(0.00500)

Gray water Screening Solids (SP-15) 0.474 ND(0.250)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 1 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 2 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 3 7 .60 N D(0.00500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 4 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 5 9 .00 N D(0.00500)



# ND - Not detected (num ber in parentheses is detection lim it).

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value ( calculation uses detection lim its for nondetected results).



# 5-7

# Table 5-1 (Continued)

Waste Stream A vailable Cyanide (ug/L) Total Cyanide (mg/L)

Sewage/GW Screening Solids (SP-20) 9.20 ND(0.250)

Sewage/GW W a ste Biosludge (SP-21) 493 ND(0.251)

Source W a ter (SP-17) ND(2.00) ND(0.00500)



# ND - Not detected (num ber in parentheses is detection lim it).

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value ( calculation uses detection lim its for nondetected results).



# 5-8

# Table 5-2

Ammonia Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam

Am m onia analytical results are anom alous; see Section 5.1.2

Was te Stream Ammonia as Nitrogen (mg/L)

Accom m odations (SP-1) ND(0.0500)

Laundry (SP-2) ND(0.0500)

Galley (SP-3) ND(0.0500)

Food Pulper, Centrifuge Sy stem (SP-5) 5.96

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 1 N D(0.0500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 2 N D(0.0500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 3 N D(0.0500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 4 N D(0.0500)

Influent to GW Treatm e nt (SP-6), Day 5 N D(0.0500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 1 N D(0.0500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 2 N D(0.0500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 3 N D(0.0500)

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 4 < 0.0900

Effluent from GW Treatm e nt (SP-8), Day 5 N D(0.0500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 1 N D(0.0500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 2 N D(0.0500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 3 N D(0.0500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 4 N D(0.0500)

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-11), Day 5 N D(0.0500)

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 1 2 .49

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 2 0 .160

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 3 0 .0800

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 4 < 0.0700

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatm e nt (SP-13), Day 5 N D(0.0500)

Gray water Screening Solids (SP-15) 148

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 1 N D(0.0500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 2 N D(0.0500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 3 N D(0.0500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 4 N D(0.0500)

Final Com b ined Discharge (SP-16), Day 5 N D(0.0500)



# ND - Not detected (num ber in parentheses is detection lim it).

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value ( calculation uses detection lim its for nondetected results).



# 5-9

# Table 5-2 (Continued)

Was te Stream Ammonia as Nitrogen (mg/L)

Sewage/GW Screening Solids (SP-20) 7.33

Sewage/GW W a ste Biosludge (SP-21) 136

Source W a ter (SP-17) ND(0.0500)



# ND - Not detected (num ber in parentheses is detection lim it).

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value ( calculation uses detection lim its for nondetected results).



# 5-10

# Table 5-3

Equipment Blank Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam

Analytical results for analytes detected in the equipm ent blank. See Appendix A-2 for all analytical results (detected

and nondetected). The equipm ent blank was collected as a one-tim e grab sam p le. Priority pollutants (designated by

EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable.

Analyte U nit Priority Pollutant

Code Equipment Blank

(SP-19)

Classical Pollutants

Hardness m g /L 0.300

Total and Dissolved Metals

Barium , Total ug/L 18.9

Calcium

, Total ug/L 119

Copper, Total ug/L P 120 3.41

Iron, Total ug/L 30.2

Lead, Total ug/L P 122 12.6

Manganese, Total ug/L 0 .720

Zinc, Total ug/L P 128 13.3

Barium , Dissolved ug/L 0 .390

Boron, Dissolved ug/L 24.3

Cadm ium

, Dissolved ug/L P 118 0.210

Iron, Dissolved ug/L 15.2

Lead, Dissolved ug/L P 122 16.6

Sodium , Dissolved ug/L 83.9

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics

Phenol ug/L P 065 48.0



# 5-11Table 5-4



# 5-12Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Classical Pollutants,Total and Dissolved Metals, and Semivolatile Organics, HollandAmerica OosterdamField duplicate analytical results for classical pollutants, total and dissolved metals, and semivolatile organics, detected atleast once in wastewater samplesduring the sampling episode.See Appendix A-2 for all field duplicate analytical results (detected and nondetected).Field duplicate samples for these analytesare split samples collected fromthe samesource, at the sametime,stored and analyzed independently.See Figures 2-2 and 2-3for sampling point locations.Also listed are the average result and relative percent difference calculated for each duplicate pair.Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423,Appendix A) are identified where applicable.Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromGraywaterTreatment (SP-8/9)(b)Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L6586065880ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(10.0)NCAmmonia AsNitrogen (NH3-N)mg/L6586465884ND(0.0500)0.130< 0.0900NCAmmonia AsNitrogen (NH3-N)mg/L6586865888ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)NCAvailable Cyanideug/L65852658723.573.333.497.0Available Cyanideug/L65860658807.487.687.552.6Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L658566587625.929.427.113Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L658646588423.922.523.26.0Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L658646588448.053.050.59.9Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L658686588877.081.079.05.1Chloride (s)mg/L658606588017.017.017.00.0Hardness (e) (s)mg/L65860658800.4400.2900.39041(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-13Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromGraywaterTreatment (SP-8/9)(cont.)(b)Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L65864658840.03800.01600.027081Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L65868658880.01600.03800.027081Settleable ResiduemL/L6586865888ND(0.110)ND(0.100)ND(0.105)NCSulfate (s)mg/L65860658804.174.174.170.0Total Cyanidemg/LP1216585265872ND(0.00500)ND(0.00500)ND(0.00500)NCTotal Cyanidemg/LP1216586065880ND(0.00500)ND(0.00500)ND(0.00500)NCTotal Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L658606588052.056.053.37.4Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L65864658846.496.996.747.4Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L65868658883.383.333.361.5Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L658646588413.313.413.40.75Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L658686588820.421.521.05.3Total Phosphorusmg/L65864658840.1700.1700.1700.0Total Phosphorusmg/L65868658880.2100.2300.2209.1Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L6586065880ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCTotal and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L6586065880ND(8.80)ND(8.80)ND(8.80)NCAluminum, Dissolvedug/L6586065880ND(8.80)33.1< 16.9NCAntimony, Dissolvedug/LP1146586065880ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCArsenic, Totalug/LP1156586065880ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-14Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromGraywaterTreatment (SP-8/9)(cont.)(b)Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP1156586065880ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCBarium, Total (e) (s)ug/L658606588011.99.6611.221Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L65860658807.349.518.0626Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP1176586065880ND (0.0700)ND (0.0700)ND (0.0700)NCBoron, Totalug/L6586065880ND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)NCBoron, Dissolved (e)ug/L658606588074.372.173.63.0Cadmium,Totalug/LP11865860658800.0900ND(0.0800)< 0.0867NCCadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP1186586065880ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)NCCalcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L658606588011710311213Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L6586065880ND(7.00)ND(7.00)ND(7.00)NCChromium, Totalug/LP1196586065880ND(0.270)ND(0.270)ND(0.270)NCChromium, Dissolvedug/LP11965860658800.4100.5000.44020Cobalt, Totalug/L6586065880ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)NCCobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L6586065880ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)NCCopper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12065860658801721571679.1Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP120658606588046.947.247.00.64Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L658606588049042746914Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L65860658804364634456.0Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP122658606588030.325.028.519(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-15Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromGraywaterTreatment (SP-8/9)(cont.)(b)Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP122658606588014.714.914.81.4Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L658606588034.933.434.44.4Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L6586065880ND(6.30)ND(6.30)ND(6.30)NCManganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L65860658808.1622781.1190Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L65860658808.138.208.150.86Mercury,Totalug/LP1236586065880ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)NCMercury,Dissolvedug/LP1236586065880ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)NCMolybdenum, Totalug/L6586065880ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)NCNickel, Total (s)ug/LP12465860658803.092.802.999.8Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12465860658803.904.654.1518Selenium, Totalug/LP1256586065880ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)NCSilver, Totalug/LP1266586065880ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NCSilver, Dissolvedug/LP1266586065880ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NCSodium, Total (s)ug/L658606588011,60010,60011,3009.0Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L658606588012,00012,40012,1003.3Tin, Totalug/L6586065880ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)NCTin, Dissolvedug/L6586065880ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)NCTitanium, Totalug/L6586065880ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)NCTitanium, Dissolvedug/L6586065880ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-16Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromGraywaterTreatment (SP-8/9)(cont.)(b)Vanadium, Totalug/L6586065880ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)NCVanadium, Dissolvedug/L6586065880ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)NCZinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP128658606588070262167512Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12865860658805946266055.2Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP0226585265872ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(20.0)NC4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP0226585665876ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(20.0)NCBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP0666585265872ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(20.0)NCBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP0666585665876ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(20.0)NCDiethyl phthalateug/LP0706585265872ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(20.0)NCDiethyl phthalateug/LP0706585665876ND(20.0)ND(20.0)ND(20.0)NCPhenol (e) (s)ug/LP065658526587260.065.061.78.0Phenol (e) (s)ug/LP065658566587671.051.064.333(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-17Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14)(b)Classical PollutantsAlkalinitymg/L65944659643213153191.9Alkalinitymg/L65952659723323493385.0Ammonia AsNitrogen (NH3-N)mg/L65948659680.0800ND(0.0500)< 0.0700NCAvailable Cyanideug/L65936659564.08ND(2.00)< 3.04NCBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)mg/L65948659684.423.904.2513Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)(s)mg/L65948659681111041096.5Chloride (s)mg/L65944659641251251250.0Chloride (s)mg/L65952659721451351427.1Hardness (e) (s)mg/L659366595637.637.837.70.53Hardness (e) (s)mg/L659446596432.234.633.07.2Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N+ NO3-N) (s)mg/L65948659680.03100.03500.032312Settleable ResiduemL/L6593665956ND(0.100)ND(0.130)ND(0.115)NCSettleable ResiduemL/L6595265972ND(0.100)ND(0.110)ND(0.103)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-18Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14) (cont.)(b)Sulfate (s)mg/L659446596452.434.746.541Sulfate (s)mg/L659526597214.645.424.9100Total Cyanidemg/LP1216593665956ND(0.00500)0.00600<0.00550NCTotal Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L65944659644444394421.1Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)mg/L65952659725115175131.2Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)(s)mg/L659486596873.370.672.43.8Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s)mg/L659486596830.529.630.23.0Total Phosphorusmg/L659486596810.411.310.78.3Total Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L6594465964ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCTotal Suspended Solids (TSS)mg/L6595265972ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCTotal and Dissolved MetalsAluminum, Totalug/L65936659561261231252.4Aluminum, Totalug/L659446596475.380.276.96.3Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L65936659561141111132.7Aluminum, Dissolvedug/L659446596477.580.178.43.3Antimony, Dissolvedug/LP1146593665956ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCAntimony, Dissolvedug/LP1146594465964ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCArsenic, Totalug/LP1156593665956ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCArsenic, Totalug/LP1156594465964ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-19Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14) (cont.)(b)Arsenic, Dissolvedug/LP1156593665956ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCArsenic, Dissolvedug/LP1156594465964ND(2.00)ND(2.00)ND(2.00)NCBarium, Total (e) (s)ug/L659366595676.078.377.23.0Barium, Total (e) (s)ug/L659446596475.279.976.86.1Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L659366595669.770.470.11.0Barium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L659446596473.675.474.22.4Beryllium,Dissolvedug/LP1176593665956ND (0.0700)ND (0.0700)ND (0.0700)NCBeryllium,Dissolvedug/LP1176594465964ND (0.0700)ND (0.0700)ND (0.0700)NCBoron, Totalug/L6593665956ND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)NCBoron, Totalug/L65944659641581571580.63Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L659366595611815613728Boron, Dissolved (e)ug/L6594465964ND(18.0)ND(18.0)ND(18.0)NCCadmium,Totalug/LP11865936659560.1100.1000.1059.5Cadmium,Totalug/LP1186594465964ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)NCCadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP11865936659560.130ND(0.0800)< 0.105NCCadmium,Dissolved (e)ug/LP1186594465964ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)ND(0.0800)NCCalcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L65936659569,5609,5909,5800.31Calcium,Total (e) (s)ug/L65944659648,6009,1908,8006.6(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-20Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14) (cont.)(b)Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L65936659568,6308,7408,6901.3Calcium,Dissolved (s)ug/L65944659648,0908,3408,1703.0Chromium, Totalug/LP11965936659560.8000.7000.75013Chromium, Totalug/LP11965944659641.812.151.9217Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP11965936659561.441.201.3218Chromium, Dissolvedug/LP11965944659641.321.401.355.9Cobalt, Totalug/L6593665956ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)NCCobalt, Totalug/L6594465964ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)NCCobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L6593665956ND(0.660)ND(0.660)ND(0.660)NCCobalt, Dissolved (s)ug/L6594465964ND(0.660)3.07<1.46NCCopper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP120659366595665.751.758.724Copper, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12065944659645.925.605.815.6Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP120659366595658.649.153.918Copper, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12065944659644.654.704.671.1Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L65936659567737427584.1Iron, Total (e) (s)ug/L65944659642662792704.8Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L65936659568017607815.3Iron, Dissolved (e)ug/L659446596429323527422Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12265936659568.436.687.5623Lead, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12265944659642.052.202.107.1(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-21Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14) (cont.)(b)Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP12265936659567.436.416.9215Lead, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/LP12265944659641.761.601.719.5Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L65936659563,3403,3603,3500.60Magnesium, Total (s)ug/L65944659642,6202,8302,6907.7Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L65936659563,0203,0803,0502.0Magnesium, Dissolved (s)ug/L65944659642,5302,6902,5806.1Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L659366595654.650.852.77.2Manganese, Total (e) (s)ug/L659446596414.415.514.87.4Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L659366595651.148.149.66.0Manganese, Dissolved (s)ug/L659446596416.419.017.315Mercury,Totalug/LP1236593665956ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)NCMercury,Totalug/LP1236594465964ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)ND(0.0500)NCMercury,Dissolvedug/LP12365936659560.0610ND(0.0500)< 0.0555NCMercury,Dissolvedug/LP12365944659640.0770ND(0.0500)< 0.0680NCMolybdenum, Totalug/L6593665956ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)NCMolybdenum, Totalug/L6594465964ND(1.60)ND(1.60)ND(1.60)NCNickel, Total (s)ug/LP124659366595625.423.924.76.1Nickel, Total (s)ug/LP124659446596424.326.925.210Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP124659366595625.024.224.63.3Nickel, Dissolved (s)ug/LP124659446596422.922.722.80.88(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-22Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14) (cont.)(b)Selenium, Totalug/LP1256593665956ND(1.40)ND(1.40)ND(1.40)NCSelenium, Totalug/LP1256594465964ND(1.40)3.73< 2.18NCSilver, Totalug/LP1266593665956ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NCSilver, Totalug/LP1266594465964ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NCSilver, Dissolvedug/LP1266593665956ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NCSilver, Dissolvedug/LP1266594465964ND(0.770)ND(0.770)ND(0.770)NCSodium, Total (s)ug/L6593665956103,000103,000103,0000.0Sodium, Total (s)ug/L6594465964104,000110,000106,0005.6Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L6593665956104,000101,000103,0002.9Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s)ug/L659446596493,90094,30094,0000.43Tin, Totalug/L6593665956ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)NCTin, Totalug/L6594465964ND(0.940)1.10<0.993NCTin, Dissolvedug/L6593665956ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)NCTin, Dissolvedug/L6594465964ND(0.940)ND(0.940)ND(0.940)NCTitanium, Totalug/L6593665956ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)NCTitanium, Totalug/L6594465964ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)NCTitanium, Dissolvedug/L6593665956ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)NCTitanium, Dissolvedug/L6594465964ND(0.620)ND(0.620)ND(0.620)NCVanadium, Totalug/L6593665956ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)NCVanadium, Totalug/L6594465964ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-4 (Continued)



# 5-23Waste StreamAnalyteUnitPriorityPollutantCodeSCC Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelativePercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14) (cont.)(b)Vanadium, Dissolvedug/L6593665956ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)NCVanadium, Dissolvedug/L6594465964ND(0.470)ND(0.470)ND(0.470)NCZinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP128659366595695585490511Zinc, Total (e) (s)ug/LP12865944659643543803637.1Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12865936659568848138498.4Zinc, Dissolved (s)ug/LP12865944659643583453543.7Semivolatile Organics4-Chloro-3-methylphenolug/LP0226594065960ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(10.0)NCBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateug/LP0666594065960ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(10.0)NCDiethyl phthalateug/LP0706594065960ND(10.0)ND(10.0)ND(10.0)NCPhenol (e) (s)ug/LP065659406596060.060.060.00.0(a)Sample numbers identifycorrespondinganalytical results in Appendix A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratorydetection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# 5-24Table 5-5Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Pathogen Indicators and Volatile Organics, Holland America OosterdamField duplicate analytical results for pathogen indicators and volatile organics detected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode.Fieldduplicate samples were collected fromthe samesource, stored, and analyzed independently.See Figures 2-2 and 2-3 for sampling point locations.Also listedare the average result and relative percent difference calculated for each duplicate pair.Priority pollutants (designated byEPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A)are identified where applicable.Waste StreamAnalyteUnitSample Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelative PercentDifferenceEffluent fromGraywaterTreatment(SP-8/9)(b)Pathogen IndicatorsE. coliMPN/100 mL6585265872ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6585665876ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6586065880ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6585266014ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6585666015ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6586066016ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6585265872ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6585665876ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6586065880ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6585266014ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6585666015ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6586066016ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratoryreporting limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-5 (Continued)Waste StreamAnalyteUnitSample Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelative PercentDifferenceEffluent fromGraywaterTreatment(SP-8/9)(b) (cont.)Fecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6585265872ND (1.00)ND (1.00)ND (1.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL65856658761.001.001.000.0Fecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6586065880ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6585266014ND (1.00)1.00< 1.00NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL65856660151.002.001.5067Fecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6586066016ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCVolatile OrganicsChloroform(s)ug/L6585665876ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCEthylbenzeneug/L6585665876ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCTolueneug/L6585665876ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCEffluent fromPathogen IndicatorsSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14)(b)E. coliMPN/100 mL6594465964ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6594865968ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6595265972ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6594466011ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6594866012ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCE. coliMPN/100 mL6595266013ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratoryreporting limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).Table 5-5 (Continued)Waste StreamAnalyteUnitSample Numbers (a)OriginalDuplicateAverageRelative PercentDifferenceEffluent fromSewage/GraywaterTreatment(SP-13/14)(b) (cont.)EnterococciMPN/100 mL6594465964ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6594865968ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6595265972ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6594466011ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6594866012ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCEnterococciMPN/100 mL6595266013ND(1.00)ND(1.00)ND(1.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6594465964ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6594865968ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6595265972ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6594466011ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6594866012ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCFecal ColiformCFU/100 mL6595266013ND (2.00)ND (2.00)ND (2.00)NCVolatile OrganicsChloroform(s)ug/L6594065960ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCChloroform(s)ug/L6594865968ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCEthylbenzeneug/L6594065960ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCEthylbenzeneug/L6594865968ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCTolueneug/L6594065960ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NCTolueneug/L6594865968ND(5.00)ND(5.00)ND(5.00)NC(a)Sample numbers identifycorresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2.(b)Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(e)Analyte detected at somelevel in equipment blank.See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s)Analyte detected at somelevel in source water.See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated becauseone or both of the sample resultsislessthan the laboratoryreporting limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).

# 6.0 

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4. ATSDR, 2001. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs TM



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5. U.S. EPA, 2005. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Home Page

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6-1