This document contains the 2004 Holland America 

Oosterdam Sampling Episode Report for sampling episode 

6506. The report and all the appendices can be downloaded 

from 

http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/cruise_ships/oosterdam.html

Holland America Oosterdam 

Sampling Episode Report 

March 2006 
Sampling Episode Report 

Holland America Oosterdam 

Sampling Episode 6506 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Oceans and Coastal Protection Division 

Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds 

Engineering and Analysis Division 

Office of Science and Technology 

Office of Water 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

March 2006 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND DISCLAIMER 

This report was prepared by the Engineering and Analysis Division of the Office of 

Science and Technology and the Oceans and Coastal Protection Division of the Office of 

Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Neither the 

United States Government nor any of its employees, contractors, subcontractors, or their 

employees make any warrant, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or 

responsibility for any third party’s use of, or the results of, such use of any information, 

apparatus, product, or process discussed in this report, or represents that its use by such party 

would not infringe on privately owned rights. 

The primary contact regarding questions or comments on this document is: 

Dr. Elizabeth Kim 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Oceans and Coastal Protection Division, OWOW (4504T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

(202) 566-1270 (telephone) 

(202) 566-1546 (fax) 

kim.elizabeth@epa.gov 

For detailed technical inquiries on this document: 

Donald Anderson 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Engineering and Analysis Division, OST (4303T)

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20460

(202) 566-1021 (telephone) 

(202) 566-1053 (fax) 

anderson.donaldf@epa.gov 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

Page 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................... vi 
 

1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................. 1-1 
 

2.0 WASTEWATER SYSTEM AND SAMPLING POINTS ......................... 2-1 
 

2.1 	 Wastewater Generation and Collection ......................... 2-1 
 

2.2 	 Wastewater Treatment ...................................... 2-1 
 

2.2.1	 ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System ................. 2-2 
 

2.2.2	 ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System ........... 2-4 
 

2.3 	 Graywater, Sewage, and Residual Sample Collection Points ........ 2-6 
 

2.4 	 Flow Meter Locations ...................................... 2-7 
 

3.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION ............................................. 3-1 
 

3.1	 Pre-Sampling Activities ..................................... 3-1 
 

3.2	 Sample Collection and Analysis Methodology ................... 3-1 
 

3.3	 Converting Solids Mass Units to Volume Units .................. 3-2 
 

3.4	 Quality Assurance/Quality Control ............................ 3-3 
 

3.5 	 Interview with the Ship’s Crew ............................... 3-3 
 

3.6 	 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan ................. 3-3 
 

4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................... 4-1 
 

4.1 	 Laboratory Analytical Results and Discussion ................... 4-1 
 

4.1.1	 Graywater .......................................... 4-1 
 

4.1.2	 Influent to Graywater Treatment System .................. 4-4 
 

4.1.3	 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the
 

Graywater Treatment System .......................... 4-7 
 

4.1.4	 Effluent from Graywater Treatment System ............... 4-7 
 

4.1.5	 Wastewater Treatment System Performance: Comparison of
 

Influent to Graywater Treatment System and Effluent from
 

Graywater Treatment System .......................... 4-9 
 

4.1.6	 Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatment System .......... 4-11 
 

4.1.7	 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the
 

Sewage/Graywater Treatment System ................... 4-15 
 

4.1.8	 Effluent from the Sewage/Graywater Treatment System .... 4-15 
 

4.1.9	 Wastewater Treatment System Performance: Comparison of
 

Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatment System and Effluent
 

from Sewage/Graywater Treatment System .............. 4-18 
 

4.1.10 Final Combined Treated Effluent from Graywater and
 

Sewage/Graywater Treatment Systems .................. 4-20 
 

4.1.11 Screening Solids, Waste Biosludge, and Incinerator Ash .... 4-23 
 

4.1.12 Source Water ...................................... 4-23 
 

4.2	 Summary of Interviews Regarding Activities that Impact Wastewater
 

Generation .............................................. 4-24 
 

i 
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) 

Page 

4.2.1 Wastewater Generation .............................. 4-24 
 

4.2.2 Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Use ............... 4-27 
 

4.3 Flow Data ............................................... 4-27 
 

5.0	 DATA QUALITY ................................................. 5-1 
 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control ................................... 5-1 
 

5.1.1 Cyanide Results ..................................... 5-2 
 

5.1.2 Ammonia Results .................................... 5-2 
 

5.2 Field Quality Control ....................................... 5-3 
 

5.2.1 Trip Blank ......................................... 5-3 
 

5.2.2 Equipment Blank .................................... 5-4 
 

5.2.3 Field Duplicates ..................................... 5-4 
 

6.0	 REFERENCES .................................................... 6-1 
 

Appendix A	 ANALYTICAL RESULTS
 

Appendix A-1 Pathogen Indicators Analytical Results, Holland America
 

Oosterdam .................................................... A-1 
 

Appendix A-2 Analytical Results, Except Pathogen Indicators,
 

Holland America Oosterdam ..................................... A-15 
 

Appendix A-3 Analytical Results Collected Onboard, Holland America
 

Oosterdam .................................................. A-131 
 

Appendix B RAW FLOW DATA COLLECTED FROM 14 SEPTEMBER THROUGH 24 SEPTEMBER
 

2004
 

Appendix C INTERVIEW RESULTS FOR ACTIVITIES THAT IMPACT WASTEWATER GENERATION
 

Appendix D DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES AND OTHER ANALYTICAL ISSUES
 

Appendix E SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN FOR HOLLAND AMERICA OOSTERDAM SAMPLING
 

EPISODE 6506
 

ii 
LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

2-1 Wastewater, Sampling Point, and Flow Meter Descriptions, Holland 

America Oosterdam .............................................. 2-9 
 

2-2 Treatment Residual and Incinerator Ash Descriptions, Holland America
 

Oosterdam .................................................... 2-13 
 

3-1 Sample Collection Method Descriptions, Holland America Oosterdam ...... 3-4 
 

3-2 Sample Collection Methods and Analyte Groups Tested by Sampling Point,
 

Holland America Oosterdam ....................................... 3-5 
 

3-3 Analytes and Analytical Methods, Holland America Oosterdam .......... 3-12 
 

3-4 Field Measurement Equipment, Holland America Oosterdam ............ 3-13 
 

3-5 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan, Holland America
 

Oosterdam .................................................... 3-14 
 

4-1 Graywater Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam ............. 4-29 
 

4-2 Influent to Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland
 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 4-33 
 

4-3 Influent to Graywater UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland
 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 4-38 
 

4-4 Effluent from Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland
 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 4-39 
 

4-5 Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen Indicators,
 

Holland America Oosterdam ...................................... 4-43 
 

4-6 Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Analytes Other Than
 

Pathogen Indicators, Holland America Oosterdam ..................... 4-44 
 

4-7 Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results,
 

Holland America Oosterdam ...................................... 4-48 
 

4-8 Influent to Sewage/Graywater UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland
 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 4-53 
 

4-9 Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results,
 

Holland America Oosterdam ...................................... 4-54 
 

iii 
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 

Page 

4-10 Sewage/Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen 

Indicators, Holland America Oosterdam ............................. 4-58 
 

4-11 Sewage/Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Analytes
 

Other than Pathogen Indicators, Holland America Oosterdam ............ 4-59 
 

4-12 Final Combined Treated Effluent, Holland America Oosterdam .......... 4-63 
 

4-13 Treatment System Residuals and Incinerator Ash Analytical Results,
 

Holland America Oosterdam ...................................... 4-67 
 

4-14 Source Water Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam ........... 4-70 
 

4-15 Flow Data by Sampling Period, Holland America Oosterdam ............ 4-72 
 

5-1 Available and Total Cyanide Analytical Results, Holland America
 

Oosterdam ..................................................... 5-7 
 

5-2 Ammonia Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam ............... 5-9 
 

5-3 Equipment Blank Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam ........ 5-11 
 

5-4 Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Classical Pollutants, Total
 

and Dissolved Metals, and Semivolatile Organics, Holland 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 5-12 
 

5-5 Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Pathogen Indicators and Volatile
 

Organics, Holland America Oosterdam .............................. 5-24 
 

iv 
LIST OF FIGURES 

Pages 

2-1 Graywater and Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer System - Holland 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 2-14 
 

2-2 ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System - Holland America Oosterdam .... 2-15 
 

2-3 ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System - Holland
 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 2-16 
 

4-1 Total Daily Flow, Holland America Oosterdam ....................... 4-73 
 

4-2 Average Hourly Graywater Treatment System Flow, Holland
 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 4-74 
 

4-3 Average Hourly Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Flow, Holland
 

America Oosterdam ............................................. 4-75 
 

v 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Sampling Episode Report for Holland America Oosterdam 

This Sampling Episode Report describes the sampling and analysis activities to 

characterize wastewater (graywater and sewage) generated and discharged by the cruise vessel 

Holland America Oosterdam while in Alaska waters. This sampling took place from September 

18 through September 23, 2004, under the direction of the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). The sampling program is part of EPA’s data collection effort to evaluate 

whether to develop wastewater discharge standards for cruise vessels, under 33 USC 1901 Note, 

for cruise vessels authorized to carry 500 or more passengers for hire when operating in the 

waters of the Alexander Archipelago or the navigable waters of the United States within the 

State of Alaska or within the Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. EPA will 

use information from the sampling of this vessel and three other cruise ships in Alaska to 

characterize wastewater generated and discharged by large cruise vessels with advanced 

wastewater treatment systems. 

EPA selected the Holland America Oosterdam to characterize the performance of 

two ROCHEM UF Systeme GmbH wastewater treatment systems. The ROCHEM LPRO 

treatment system, which is used to treat accommodations and laundry wastewater onboard the 

Oosterdam, is an advanced wastewater treatment system that uses low pressure reverse osmosis 

followed by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. The ROCHEM Bio-Filt® treatment system, which is 

used to treat sewage, galley wastewater, and membrane concentrate generated by the ROCHEM 

graywater treatment system onboard the Oosterdam, is an advanced wastewater treatment system 

that uses aerobic biological oxidation followed by ultrafiltration and UV disinfection. Samples 

were collected of various wastewater sources (accommodations, laundry, galley, and food pulper 

wastewater), influents to the treatment systems, influents to the UV disinfection components of 

the treatment systems, effluents from the treatment systems, source water, wastewater treatment 

residuals (screening solids and wastewater biosludge), and incinerator ash. Wastewater source 

samples were collected for a single 24-hour sampling period, while samples of the influents to 

and effluents from the treatment systems were collected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling 

periods. 

vi 
Strap-on ultrasonic flow meters were installed near the sampling locations for 

accommodations wastewater, influents to treatment, effluents from treatment, and combined 

effluent discharge to collect flow data and, in some cases, to trigger automatic sampling 

machines. 

Various sample collection methods (composite by flow, composite by time, grab, 

and grab composite) were used depending on the sampling point and the analyte. Tested 

analytes include pathogen indicators (fecal coliform, E. coli, enterococci), classical pollutants, 

total and dissolved metals, volatile and semivolatile organics, pesticides, polychlorinated 

biphenyls, and dioxins and furans. Not all samples were analyzed for all target analytes. 

Accommodations wastewater contained the greatest number of analytes detected 

at the highest concentrations among graywater sources, most notably E. coli, enterococci, and 

most metals. Food pulper wastewater contained relatively few analytes detected at the highest 

concentrations among graywater sources; however, it showed the highest concentrations for 

several analytes commonly used to measure wastewater strength: biochemical oxygen demand 

(BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). Galley and laundry 

wastewater samples showed the highest concentrations for only 15 and 7 analytes, respectively. 

The influent to the ROCHEM graywater treatment system contained key analytes, 

such as pathogen indicators, BOD5, COD, and total suspended solids (TSS), at concentrations 

similar to those in typical domestic wastewater, even though this system does not treat any 

sewage. Of the 54 metal analytes tested for, 26 were detected in every influent to graywater 

treatment system sample. Among the 201 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics 

and pesticides, only 4 were detected in any influent to graywater treatment samples, most at 

concentrations close to their detection limits. 

Because of water conservation measures onboard cruise ships (such as vacuum 

toilets), the influent to the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system contained key analytes 

such as pathogen indicators, BOD5, COD, and TSS at concentrations much higher than those in 

typical domestic wastewater. Of the 54 metals analytes tested for, 32 were detected in every 

vii 
influent to sewage/graywater sample. Among the 360 target analytes for volatile and 

semivolatile organics, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls, 20 were detected in Oosterdam 

influent to sewage/graywater treatment samples, most at concentrations close to their detection 

limits. 

The ROCHEM graywater treatment system successfully removed almost all 

pathogen indicators (>99%) and most classical pollutants, metals, and organics. Fecal coliform 

was detected in 2 of the 15 effluent graywater treatment samples, enterococci was not detected in 

any effluent samples, and E. coli was detected in 1 of 15 effluent samples. The graywater 

treatment system removed most BOD5 (80%), COD (85%), and TOC (70%), and removed 

settleable residue and TSS to below detectable levels. The graywater system reduced total 

Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), which measures both ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen by 76%, 

and total phosphorus by 90%, while nitrate/nitrite levels remained relatively unchanged. The 

graywater treatment system was highly efficient at removing particulate metals, and removed 

dissolved metals at an average of 52%. The graywater treatment system did not significantly 

reduce volatile and semivolatile organics. 

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system successfully removed almost 

all pathogen indicators (>99%) and most classical pollutants, metals, and organics. Fecal 

coliform was not detected in any of the 15 effluent sewage/graywater treatment samples, 

enterococci was detected in 4 of 15 effluent samples, and E. coli was detected in 1 of 15 effluent 

samples. The sewage/graywater treatment systems removed almost all BOD5 (>99%), COD 

(95%), and TOC (86%), and removed settleable residue and TSS to below detectable levels. The 

sewage/graywater treatment systems reduced total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), which measures 

both ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen by 70%, and total phosphorus by 41%, while 

nitrate/nitrite levels remained relatively unchanged. The sewage/graywater system was highly 

efficient at removing particulate metals, and removed dissolved metals at an average of 40%. 

The sewage/graywater treatment system removed most of the volatile and semivolatile organics 

to concentrations below detection levels. 

viii 
The ROCHEM graywater treatment system generates two types of residuals: 

screening solids (from a vibratory screen filter at the beginning of the treatment system) and 

spent bag filters (used for pretreatment prior to reverse osmosis). Screening solids are collected 

manually and disposed of in the incinerator system for discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. 

Spent bag filters are shredded and incinerated onboard. The ROCHEM sewage/graywater 

treatment system also generates two types of residuals: screening solids (from a vibratory screen 

filter at the beginning of the treatment system) and waste biosludge (excess biological mass from 

the treatment system’s bioreactors). The screening solids and biosludge are pumped to a doublebottom holding tank for overboard discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. Most of the analytes 

detected in these residual wastes were also detected in the influent to the treatment system. For 

many analytes, concentrations in the screening solids and waste biosludge exceeded those in the 

influent to treatment, suggesting that these analytes are removed from the system in these waste 

streams. 

On average, each person generated 31 gallons of untreated accommodations and 

laundry wastewater and 23 gallons of untreated sewage, galley wastewater, and membrane 

concentrate per day. Average combined discharge from the graywater and sewage/graywater 

treatment systems was 45 gallons per person per day. 

ix 
1.0 INTRODUCTION 

This Sampling Episode Report (SER) describes the Environmental Protection 

Agency’s sampling and analysis activities to characterize graywater and sewage generation and 

treatment by Holland America Cruise Line’s cruise ship ms Oosterdam (Oosterdam) while in 

Alaska waters. This sampling episode took place from September 18 through September 23, 

2004, under the direction of the Engineering and Analysis Division of the Office of Science and 

Technology, and the Oceans and Coastal Protection Division of the Office of Wetlands, Oceans, 

and Watersheds of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 

The Oosterdam is an 85,000 gross-ton cruise vessel launched in 2003. The vessel 

has 11 decks, a length of 951 feet, and a beam of 105.8 feet. The Oosterdam’s maximum 

cruising speed is 24 knots. Its port of registry is Rotterdam, Netherlands. During the sampling 

episode, the Oosterdam carried 1,857 passengers and 768 crew. The ship’s itinerary was as 

follows: 

Date Port 

September 18, 2004 Seattle, WA 

September 19, 2004 Cruising Inside Passage 

September 20, 2004 Juneau, AK 

September 21, 2004 Cruising Hubbard Glacier 

September 22, 2004 Sitka, AK 

September 23, 2004 Ketchikan, AK 

September 24, 2004 Victoria, BC 

This sampling program is part of EPA’s data collection efforts to evaluate 

whether to develop wastewater discharge standards for cruise vessels authorized to carry 500 or 

more passengers for hire when operating in the waters of the Alexander Archipelago or the 

navigable waters of the United States within the State of Alaska or within the Kachemak Bay 

National Estuarine Research Reserve (hereafter referred to as Alaska waters). Such regulations 

are authorized by “Title XIV - Certain Alaskan Cruise Ship Operations” of the Miscellaneous 

Appropriations Bill (H.R. 5666) passed by Congress on December 21,2000 in the Consolidated 

1-1
Appropriations Act of 2001 (Pub L. 106-554, Sections 1401-1414, 33 USC 1901 Note). The 

data and information gathered through this sampling episode were collected using EPA's 

authority under section 308 of the Clean Water Act, as also provided by Title XIV. Holland 

America Line voluntarily provided information and data gathered for and represented in this 

report, notwithstanding the above cited authority, in the interest of research for the improvement 

of wastewater treatment standards. 

EPA selected the Holland America Oosterdam to characterize the performance of 

two ROCHEM UF Systeme GmbH (Hamburg, Germany) wastewater treatment systems. The 

ROCHEM LPRO treatment system, which is used to treat accommodations and laundry 

wastewater onboard the Oosterdam, is an advanced wastewater treatment system that uses low 

pressure osmosis followed by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. The ROCHEM Bio-Filt® treatment 

system, which is used to treat sewage, galley wastewater, and membrane concentrate generated 

by the ROCHEM graywater treatment system onboard the Oosterdam, is an advanced 

wastewater treatment system that uses aerobic biological oxidation followed by ultrafiltration 

and UV disinfection. EPA will use the analytical and flow data included in this sampling 

episode report to evaluate the performance of the ROCHEM graywater and sewage/graywater 

treatment systems, and to analyze patterns and variability in wastewater sources. 

Samples were collected in accordance with procedures specified in the to 

Generic Sampling and Analysis Plan for Large Cruise Ships in Alaska Waters (Generic SAP) 

and the ship-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan for Holland America Oosterdam (Oosterdam 

SAP). The Oosterdam SAP is presented in Appendix E and the Generic SAP is available on 

EPA’s website at http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/cruise_ships/GenericSAP040602.pdf. 

Pathogen indicator analyses were performed onboards and samples for all other analyses were 

shipped to shoreside EPA-contract laboratories for analysis. Appendix D identifies all 

EPA-contract laboratories used in this sampling episode. 

Section 2.0 of this SER describes the generation, collection, and treatment of 

graywater and sewage on the Oosterdam, as well as the sampling point and flow meter locations 

1-2
used in this sampling episode. Section 3.0 describes the sample collection methods and 

deviations from the Oosterdam SAP. Section 4.0 presents and analyzes the analytical, flow, and 

shipboard data collected during the sampling episode. Section 5.0 describes the quality 

assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures and results. Section 6.0 presents references 

used in this document. Tables and figures referred to in the text are located at the end of each 

section. 

1-3
2.0 WASTEWATER SYSTEM AND SAMPLING POINTS 

This section describes graywater and sewage generation, collection, and treatment 

on the Oosterdam, as well as the sample collection points and flow meter locations and 

installation points used in this sampling episode. 

2.1 Wastewater Generation and Collection 

The ship’s collection, holding, and transfer system (CHT) collects and transfers 

graywater and sewage generated onboard to the ship’s ROCHEM graywater and 

sewage/graywater treatment systems or to overboard discharge. For the purpose of this report, 

graywater refers to non-sewage wastewaters that are collected by the CHT system. The CHT 

system is composed of five subsystems, referred to by the ship’s crew as the galley, food pulper, 

accommodations, laundry, and sewage systems. Figure 2-1 is a simplified diagram of the 

Oosterdam’s graywater and sewage CHT system. Wastewater sources collected by each of the 

five subsystems are described in Table 2-1. Potable water is used as source water for all ship 

operations that generate graywater and sewage (e.g., laundry, galley, food pulper, sinks, showers, 

and toilets). Potable water is produced onboard and seldom bunkered while in port. 

2.2 Wastewater Treatment 

Wastewater treatment onboard the Oosterdam is composed of two different types 

of ROCHEM systems designed to treat low concentration wastewater and high concentration 

wastewater separately. Low concentration wastewater (laundry and accommodations 

wastewater) are routed to the ROCHEM graywater treatment system (see Section 2.2.1 below), 

and high concentration wastewater (passenger and crew galley wastewater, sewage, and 

membrane concentrate from the ROCHEM graywater treatment system) are routed to the 

ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system (see Section 2.2.2 below). Effluent from the two 

treatment systems are combined for discharge overboard through a single port. Figure 2-2 is a 

simplified diagram of the ROCHEM graywater treatment system and Figure 2-3 is a simplified 

diagram of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. 

2-1
 
2.2.1 ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System 

The Oosterdam is outfitted with a ROCHEM LPRO treatment system (referred to 

in this report as the ROCHEM graywater treatment system), an advanced wastewater treatment 

system that uses low pressure reverse osmosis followed by ultraviolet (UV) disinfection to treat 

low concentration wastewater (i.e., accommodations and laundry wastewater). Figure 2-2 is a 

simplified diagram of the ROCHEM graywater treatment system. 

Wastewater from the accommodations and laundry CHT subsystems culminates 

in three graywater holding tanks. From the graywater holding tanks, the wastewater is pumped 

through a vibratory screen filter (mesh size 104 μm) to remove coarse solids such as fibers, hair, 

and large sediment (the system has two filters, which alternate operation each month). After the 

vibratory screen filter, antiscale chemicals are added and the wastewater is filtered using a bag 

filter to prevent fouling or blockage of the subsequent reverse osmosis membranes. Next, the 

wastewater passes through two trains of reverse osmosis membrane units operated in parallel. 

Together, the two trains contain a total of 80 individual reverse osmosis modules organized in 

multiple sets or blocks of 8. The reverse osmosis modules use cross flow design (wastewater 

flows parallel to membrane surface) to minimize fouling. Membrane permeate (85% of 

treatment system influent by volume) collects in small permeate tanks (one tank for each train), 

while membrane concentrate (15% of treatment system influent by volume) is routed to the 

ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system for further treatment (see below). Sodium 

hydroxide is added to the permeate for pH control as it is pumped from the permeate tanks to the 

final stage of treatment, UV disinfection. The hydraulic residence time of the treatment system 

(i.e., the amount of time the wastewater stays in the treatment system) is approximately 12 hours. 

The ROCHEM graywater treatment system is also equipped with a second stage 

of reverse osmosis membranes and permeate tanks designed to operate in series with the first 

stage described above. However, treated wastewater from the first stage bypasses these 

components of the system as they are not needed to achieve Holland America’s effluent quality 

requirements. The second stage membranes are arranged in two parallel trains with a combined 

2-2
 
total of 40 reverse osmosis modules. The second stage can be used in emergency situations, 

such as during upset or maintenance of the first stage. 

According to the ship’s crew, the ROCHEM graywater treatment system can treat 

approximately 650 m3 (172,000 gallons) per day of low concentration wastewater. During the 

sampling episode, the average daily load to the system was 307 m3 (81,000 gallons), as 

determined by measured flows collected by the sampling crew. 

The ROCHEM graywater treatment system operates continuously, regardless of 

the ship’s location (e.g., in port, at sea within Alaska waters, at sea outside Alaska waters). The 

vessel typically continuously discharges treated wastewater from this system overboard. When 

overboard discharge is suspended, such as when the ship cruised Hubbard Glacier, the treated 

effluent is diverted to double-bottom holding tanks, where it is held for eventual discharge 

outside of 12 nautical miles (nm) from shore. 

The ROCHEM graywater treatment system generates two types of residuals: 

screening solids (from the vibratory screen filter) and spent bag filters. Screening solids 

(approximately 20 gallons per day) are collected manually and disposed of in the incinerator 

system. Four spent filter bags are generated each day and are shredded and incinerated 

onboard. 

The graywater system is cleaned when transmembrane pressure exceeds 5 bars 

(approximately every 600 hours). The membranes soak in caustic and then acid cleaning 

solutions for 45 minutes and are then rinsed. Spent cleaning solutions and rinse water are routed 

to the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system for treatment. The individual reverse 

osmosis modules in the treatment system are placed in standby mode while in the cleaning 

sequence. Occasionally, the membrane modules undergo a more aggressive chemical soak 

similar to that described in Section 2.2.2 for the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. 

2-3
 
2.2.2 ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

The Oosterdam is outfitted with a ROCHEM Bio-Filt® treatment system 

(referred to in this report as the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system), an advanced 

wastewater treatment system that uses aerobic biological oxidation followed by ultrafiltration 

and UV disinfection to treat high concentration wastewater (sewage, galley wastewater, and 

membrane concentrate generated by the ROCHEM graywater treatment system). Figure 2-3 is a 

simplified diagram of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. 

Wastewater from the galley and sewage CHT subsystems culminates in two 

buffer tanks, the first component of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. 

Membrane concentrate from the ROCHEM graywater treatment system is also routed to the 

buffer tanks. Wastewater is pumped between the two buffer tanks to produce a homogeneous 

influent to the treatment system. An antifoam chemical is added to the recirculation loop. From 

the buffer tanks, the wastewater is pumped through a vibratory screen filter (mesh size 104 :m) 

to remove coarse solids (the system has two filters, which alternate operation each month). 

Filtered wastewater collects in a filtrate tank, where sodium hydroxide is added to control pH. 

From the filtrate tank, the wastewater is pumped to eight aerated bioreactor/ 

ultrafiltration membrane treatment trains operated in parallel. Each bioreactor/ultrafiltration 

train consists of eight segments of bioreactors and nine membrane modules. The bioreactor 

segments operate in parallel while the ultrafiltration modules are arranged in both parallel and 

serial formation (three sets of modules operate in series with each set consisting of three modules 

operated in parallel). (Note that ROCHEM personnel and the ship’s crew refer to the treatment 

trains as “blocks,” with two blocks in a “stage” and two stages in a “line,” for a total of two 

lines.) 

The ultrafiltration modules use cross flow design (wastewater flows parallel to 

membrane surface) to minimize fouling. Membrane permeate (10 to 15 % of treatment system 

influent) collects in small permeate tanks (one tank for each train). Membrane concentrate (85 to 

90% of treatment system influent), consisting of particulate matter and mixed liquor (wastewater 

2-4
 
containing organic matter and biological floc), is returned to the bioreactors. This pressurized 

return stream also serves as the mechanism for bioreactor aeration and mixing by driving eductor 

pumps that take in air which is then released as fine bubbles in the bioreactors. A 

transmembrane pressure of 4 bars is required for proper operation. 

Combined wastewater from the permeate tanks undergoes UV disinfection as the 

final stage of treatment. The hydraulic residence time of the treatment system is less than one 

day. 

According to the ship’s crew, the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system 

can treat approximately 330 m3 (87,200 gallons) per day of high concentration wastewater. 

During the sampling episode, the average daily load to the system was 227 m3 (59,900 gallons), 

as determined by measured flows collected by the sampling crew. 

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system operates continuously, 

regardless of the ship’s location (e.g., in port, at sea within Alaska waters, at sea outside Alaska 

waters). The vessel typically continuously discharges treated wastewater from this system 

overboard. When overboard discharge is suspended, such as when the ship cruised Hubbard 

Glacier, the treated effluent is diverted to double-bottom holding tanks, where it is held for 

discharge outside of 12 nautical miles (nm) from shore. 

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system generates two types of 

residuals: screening solids (from the vibratory screen filter) and waste biosludge (excess 

biological mass from the bioreactors). Screening solids (approximately 50 gallons per day) are 

pumped from the filter’s solids collection tank to a double-bottom holding tank for discharge 

outside of 12 nm from shore. Waste biosludge is removed (or “wasted”) from the bioreactors 

to maintain a constant biomass concentration in the bioreactors. The typical wasted biosludge 

volume is approximately 25 m3

 per day and is determined by measuring the bioreactor total 

suspended solids (mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration. The target MLSS 

2-5
 
2.3 

concentration is 15,000 mg/L. Waste biosludge is held in a double-bottom holding tank for 

discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. 

While the cross-flow design minimizes membrane fouling, solids accumulate on 

the membrane surface, which increases transmembrane pressure and reduces permeate 

production. The system backwashes the membranes every 40 minutes to keep the membranes 

clean; this backwash remains in the system. In addition, air is periodically introduced from the 

permeate side to physically remove solids from the membrane surface. The ultrafiltration 

membranes are also chemically cleaned when transmembrane pressure reaches 5 bars 

(approximately every 600 hours). The cleaning cycle takes a full day. During the cleaning 

process, two different chemicals are cycled through the modules in both forward and reverse 

directions: caustic for five hours and then acid for four to five hours. Finally, the modules are 

rinsed with fresh water to avoid any contamination of the bioreactors with cleaning agents. 

Spent cleaning solutions and rinse water are routed to a double-bottom holding tank (the same 

tank as for waste biosludge) for discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. During the cleaning 

cycle, the bioreactor/ultrafiltration stage is in stand-by mode, and all wastewater is diverted to 

other bioreactor/ultrafiltration stages. While in stand-by mode, the eductor system on that stage 

does not operate; air spargers located at the bottom of the bioreactors provide sufficient air 

supply and mixing to maintain the microorganisms. 

Graywater, Sewage, and Residual Sample Collection Points 

Samples were collected from the graywater source (accommodations, laundry, 

galley, food pulper), influents to the treatment systems, influents to the UV disinfection portion 

of the treatment systems, effluents from the treatment systems, source water (water from the 

ship’s potable water system), wastewater treatment residuals, and incinerator ash. Table 2-1 

describes the wastewaters sampled, their sampling point locations, their flow measurement 

locations (if applicable), and the number of days they were sampled. Table 2-2 provides the 

same information for the treatment residuals and incinerator ash sampled. In general, graywater 

and wastewater treatment residual samples were taken for one 24-hour period, while samples of 

2-6
 
2.4 

the influents to and effluents from the treatment systems were taken for five 24-hour periods. 

See Section 3.2 and Table 3-2 for information on the analytes tested. 

Samples were collected from the ship’s potable water system (source water) to 

determine if any of the target analytes were present as background contamination. One trip 

blank was prepared and analyzed for volatile organics to evaluate possible contamination during 

shipment and handling of samples. Finally, an equipment blank was prepared and analyzed to 

evaluate possible contamination by the sampling equipment. 

Samples were not taken directly from the sewage CHT system. In addition, 

samples could not be collected of wastewater held in double-bottom holding tanks for discharge 

outside 12 nm from shore (i.e., treated effluent diverted to storage while the ship cruised 

Hubbard Glacier) because (1) double-bottom holding tanks cannot be accessed directly due to 

safety consideration, and (2) sampling from the holding tank discharge manifold would 

characterize combined holding tank discharges and not discharges specific to the holding tanks 

of interest. 

Flow Meter Locations 

Strap-on ultrasonic flow meters (Controlotron Model 1010) were installed at six 

sampling locations to collect flow data and, in some cases, to control an automatic composite 

sample machines (by triggering sample collection after a defined amount of flow passed through 

the pipe). The first location was on the outlet pipe from one of the accommodations holding 

tanks (accommodations wastewater, SP-1; see Table 2-1 for a description of wastewaters and 

Figure 2-1 for a simplified graywater and sewage CHT system diagram showing sampling points 

and flow meter locations). The second location was the at the influent to the graywater treatment 

system on the combined graywater inlet pipe to the vibratory screen filter (SP-6; see Table 2-1 

and Figure 2-2). The flow meter at SP-6 could not be used to trigger collection of flow-weighted 

composite samples because high wastewater pressure caused continuous collection of sample 

when the sample tap was left open. Instead, influent to graywater treatment system samples 

were collected as grab composite samples (see Table 3-1 for a description of sample collection 

2-7
 
methods). The third location was at the effluent from the graywater treatment system on the 

outlet pipe from the UV disinfection unit (SP-8/9; see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-2). This flow 

meter collected flow data and triggered collection of flow-weighted composite samples through 

the end of Day 3 of sampling. At this time, high wastewater pressure caused the flow meter to 

lose signal strength. Repeated attempts to run the flow meter set-up and calibration procedures 

were unsuccessful. Flow data for sampling Days 4 and 5 were not collected and the 

corresponding samples were collected as grab composite samples. 

The fourth location was at the influent to the sewage/graywater treatment system 

on the inlet pipe to the vibratory screen filter (SP-11; see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-3). The fifth 

location was the effluent from the sewage/graywater treatment system on the outlet pipe from the 

UV disinfection unit (SP-13/14; see Figure 2-3). The final location was the final combined 

effluent from the graywater and sewage/graywater treatment systems on the overboard discharge 

line (SP-16; see Table 2-1 and Figures 2-2 and 2-3). 

Sampling points for galley and laundry wastewaters were located on piping that 

would not support the installation of strap-on ultrasonic flow meters (see Table 2-1), precluding 

collection of flow data and flow-weighted composite samples at these sampling points. Timeweighted composite samples were collected at the galley and laundry wastewater sampling 

points (see Table 3-1 for a description of the sample collection methods). Flow estimates for the 

food pulper wastewater were provided by the ship’s crew. 

2-8
 
2-9
 

Table 2-1 

Wastewater, Sampling Point, and Flow Meter Descriptions, Holland America Oosterda

Descriptions of wastewaters sampled, sampling point locations, flow meter locations, and number of days sampled for the Oosterdam sa(September 18 through September 23, 2004). 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descrip

Accommodations Wastewater from sinks, tubs, and showers in 

guest and crew rooms, bar sinks, salon sinks and floor drains, medical sinks and floor drains, most interior deck drains, and nonengine room shop sinks. Accommodations wastewater drains to five accommodations wastewater holding tanks approximately equal in size. 

SP-1 Sample tap was installed on the outlet 

pipe from one of the holding tanks. According to the ship’s crew, all six holding tanks receive similar wastewater; therefore, the specific holding tank sampled was selected based on accessibility. 

Strap-on flow meter was inoutlet pipe from one of the accommodations wastewattanks (the same discharge linstalled sample tap). 

Laundry Wastewater from laundry equipment and 

laundry floor drains. All laundry wastewater drains to a single laundry holding tank. Discharge pumps for the laundry holding tank activate by both a liquid level indicator and a timer to provide relatively constant flow to the ROCHEM graywater treatment system. 

SP-2 Sample tap was installed on the outlet 

pipe from the laundry wastewater holding tank. 

Flow data for laundry wastnot obtained. Strap-on flow meter set-up calibration procedure was on the outlet pipe from the wastewater holding tank, mto close proximity to pumpsources of turbulence. Pipeconfigurations precluded alocations. 

Galley Wastewater from dishwashers, food 

preparation, galley sinks, galley deck drains, and galley floor washing (typically hand mops). Galley wastewater drains through grease traps into two galley holding tanks (one for the crew galley and one for the two passenger galleys). 

SP-3 Sample tap was installed on the inlet 

pipe to the crew galley grease tap. According to the ship’s crew, both grease traps receive similar wastewater; therefore, the specific grease trap sampled was selected based on accessibility. 

Flow data for galley wastenot obtained. Strap-on flow meter was ngravity flow piping (i.e., pinot full) at the inlet to the gPipe configurations precludlocations. 

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow met

Wastewater, Vacuum System (SP-4) is not listed in this table as samples could not be collected from this sampling location (see Table 3-5). (c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam
Table 2-1 (Continued) 

2-10
 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descrip

Food Pulper, Centrifuge System 

Wastewater from the centrifuge food pulper system (one of two food pulper systems on the Oosterdam). Food waste is mixed with water and processed into a slurry. The food slurry is then separated into semi-dry food solids and wastewater (food pulper wastewater) using a centrifuge. Food solids are incinerated onboard, while food pulper wastewater is recirculated within the food pulper system. Once per day the food pulper wastewater is drained from the centrifuge to a drain tank and replaced with fresh water. The drain tank has additional inlet pipes to receive wastewater from a second food pulper system (not operated during the sampling episode), as well as waste from galley grease traps. 

SP-5 Sample tap was installed on the food 

pulper centrifuge system outlet pipe (i.e., the inlet pipe to the drain tank). 

Flow measurements not reqApproximately 8 to 10 m3 

wastewater is generated petwo food pulper systems, athe ship’s crew. 

Influent to ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System 

Combined wastewaters from the accommodations and laundry collection, holding, and transfer (CHT) subsystems. Wastewater from the accommodations and 

SP-6 Sample tap was installed on the 

combined graywater inlet pipe to the treatment system (before the vibratory screen filter). 

Strap-on flow meter was incombined graywater inlet pvibratory screen filter (the inlet/pipe as the installed s

laundry CHT subsystems culminates in three graywater holding tanks. 

Flow meter could not be uscollection of flow-weightesamples because of high wpressure. 

Influent to UV Graywater following treatment by reverse SP-7 Sample tap was installed on the inlet Flow measurements not reqDisinfection part of osmosis but prior to ultraviolet (UV) pipe to the UV disinfection unit. the ROCHEM disinfection. Graywater Treatment System 

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow met

Wastewater, Vacuum System (SP-4) is not listed in this table as samples could not be collected from this sampling location (see Table 3-5). (c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam
Table 2-1 (Continued) 

2-11
 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descrip

Effluent from ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System 

Final treated graywater effluent from the ROCHEM graywater treatment system. Effluent from the ROCHEM graywater treatment system is combined with effluent from the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system and is typically continuously discharged overboard. Where discharge is prohibited, the combined effluent is diverted to storage tanks for overboard discharge outside 12 nm from shore. 

SP-8/9 Sample tap was installed on the outlet 

pipe from UV disinfection unit, close to the unit and upstream of where the graywater effluent is combined with sewage/graywater effluent for overboard discharge. Piping distance from the graywater effluent sample tap to the overboard discharge port is 30 m. 

Strap-on flow meter was inoutlet pipe from UV disinfto the unit and upstream of graywater effluent is combsewage/graywater effluent discharge (the same outlet installed sample tap). Flow data for the effluent fROCHEM graywater treatmwere collected through Dasampling episode, but were on Days 4 and 5. At the enhigh wastewater pressure cflow meter to lose signal stRepeated attempts to run thset-up and calibration procunsuccessful. 

Influent to ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

Combined wastewaters from the galley and sewage CHT systems. Also includes reverse osmosis concentrate from the ROCHEM graywater treatment system. 

SP-11 Sample tap was an existing sample tap 

installed on the recirculation loop that mixes wastewater from the two buffer tanks. 

Strap-on flow meter was ininlet pipe to the vibratory s

Wastewater from the galley and sewage CHT subsystems culminates in two buffer tanks, the first component of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. Reverse osmosis concentrate from the ROCHEM graywater treatment system is also routed to the buffer tanks. Wastewater is pumped between the two buffer tanks to produce a homogeneous influent to the treatment system. 

Influent to UV Wastewater following treatment by biological SP-12 Sample tap was installed on the inlet Flow measurements not reqDisinfection part of oxidation and ultrafiltration but prior to UV pipe to the UV disinfection unit. ROCHEM disinfection. Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow met

Wastewater, Vacuum System (SP-4) is not listed in this table as samples could not be collected from this sampling location (see Table 3-5). (c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam
Table 2-1 (Continued) 

2-12
 

Wastewater Name Wastewater Description (a) 

Sampling 

Point # (b)(c) Sampling Point Description (b) Flow Meter Descrip

Effluent from ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

Final treated sewage/graywater effluent from the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. Effluent from the ROCHEM graywater treatment system is combined with effluent from the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system and is typically continuously discharged overboard. Where discharge is prohibited, the combined wastewater is diverted to storage tanks for overboard discharge outside 12 nm from shore. 

SP-13/14 Sample tap was installed on the outlet 

pipe from the UV disinfection unit, close to the unit and upstream of where the sewage/graywater effluent is combined with graywater effluent for overboard discharge. Piping distance from the sewage/graywater effluent sample tap to the overboard discharge port is 45 to 50 m. 

Strap-on flow meter was inoutlet pipe from the UV diunit, close to the unit and uwhere the sewage/graywatcombined with graywater eoverboard discharge (the spipe as the installed sample 

Final Combined Treated Effluent 

Combined treated effluent from the graywater and the sewage/graywater treatment systems. Combined effluent is typically continuously discharged overboard. Where discharge is prohibited, the combined wastewater is diverted to storage tanks for overboard discharge outside 12 nm from shore. 

SP-16 Sample tap was installed on the 

overboard discharge line, downstream of where graywater and sewage/graywater effluents are combined and downstream of the diversion valve that directs wastewater to either overboard discharge or storage in double-bottom holding tanks. Piping distance from the combined effluent sample tap to the overboard discharge port is <1 m. 

Strap-on flow meter was inoverboard discharge line, dwhere graywater and sewaeffluent and combined and of the diversion valve that wastewater to either overbor storage in double-bottom tanks (the sample discharginstalled sample tap). 

Source Water Potable water used as source water for all 

systems that generate wastewater that is treated by the ROCHEM graywater and sewage/graywater treatment systems. 

SP-17 Samples collected from a bathroom sink 

in a sampling team member’s cabin. 

Flow measurements not req

(a) List of wastewater sources may not be comprehensive. (b) See Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow met

Wastewater, Vacuum System (SP-4) is not listed in this table as samples could not be collected from this sampling location (see Table 3-5). (c) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam
2-13
 

Table 2-2

Treatment Residual and Incinerator Ash Descriptions,

Holland America Oosterdam

Treatment 

Residual Name Treatment Residual Description 

Sampling 

Point # (a) Sampling Point Description (a) Flow Meter Descrip

Incinerator Ash Ash generated from the incineration of trash 

(e.g., cardboard, paper, plastic), food solids from the food pulper systems, ROCHEM sewage/graywater screening solids, and spent bag filters. 

SP-10 Samples were collected directly from an 

incinerator ash storage hopper. 

Flow measurements not requ

Incinerator ash is collected in incinerator ash storage hoppers for disposal onshore. 

Graywater Screening Solids 

Solids generated by the vibratory screen of the ROCHEM graywater treatment. Screening solids are collected manually and disposed of in the incinerator system for discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. 

SP-15 Samples were collected directly from a 

plastic screening solids storage container. 

Flow measurements not requApproximately 20 gallons oscreening solids are generataccording to the ship’s crew

Sewage/Graywater Screening Solids 

Solids generated by the vibratory screen of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. Screening solids are pumped from the filter’s solids collection tank to a double-bottom holding tank for discharge outside of 12 nm from shore. 

SP-20 Sample tap was installed on the pipe that 

transfers screening solids from the filter’s solids collection tank to the double-bottom holding tank. 

Flow measurements not requApproximately 50 gallons osewage/graywater screening generated per day, accordincrew. 

Sewage/Graywater Waste Biosludge 

Waste biosludge removed daily from the bioreactors of the ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. Waste biosludge is pumped to a double-bottom holding tanks for overboard discharge outside 12 nm from shore. 

SP-21 Sample tap was installed on the pipe that 

transfers waste biosludge from the bioreactors to the double-bottom holding tank. 

Flow measurements not requApproximately 25 m3 of was

is generated per day, accordships crew. 

(a) See Figures 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow met
Pass enger Galley 

Buffer Tanks
 

Wastewater (2)
 

Holding Tank (1) 35 m3

 each
 

178 m 3 [s ee Figure 2-3] 

Sewage 

Collection Tanks 

(4) 

3 m3

 to 4 m 3 each 

Drain Tank 

SP -4 

Centrifuge/ 

Decanter 

(Food System B) 

Food Waste 

Dryer 

(Food System A ) 

SP -5 

Food Solids to Wet Food Waste Onboard Incinerator 

Food Pulper Wastewater 

Food Dryer
 

Screen Drain
 Wastewater to DoubleBottom Holding Tank for 

Grease Discharge Outside 12 nm 

Trap Liquid 

Food Pulper

Wastewater 

Food Solids to Wet Food Waste Onboard Incinerator 

SP-# 

EFM 

Designated Sam pling Point 

(#) 

EPA Flow Meter 

Number of Tanks 

Midship 

Accom modations 

Holding Tank (1) 

~10 m3 

SP-1 EFM Accom modations 

Wastew ater 

Accom modations 

Holding Tanks 

(4) 

~10 m3 

Accom modations 

Wastew ater 

Laundry 

Wastew ater 

Holding Tank (1) 

114.5 m 3 

Laundry 

Wastew ater 

Graywater Holding 

Tanks 

(3) 

232 m 3

 combined 

[s ee Figure 2-2] 

SP-2 

SP -3 

Crew Galley 

Wastew ater 

Holding Tank (1) 

47 m3 

Antifoam 

Chemical 

Addition 

Grease 

Trap 

Grease 

Trap 

Crew Galley 

Wastewater 

Pass enger Galleys 

Wastewater 

Sewage 

Figure 2-1. Graywater and Sewage Collection, Holding, and Transfer System - Holland
 

America Oosterdam
 

Simplified diagram of the Holland America Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT system. See Table 2-1 for a list 

of wastewater streams in each wastewater source. 

2-14
 
2-15
 

Caustic and NaOH pH

Acid Wash Control

Antiscale

Chemical

Accomodations 

Wastewater Graywater

Holding 

Tanks 

Vibratory

Screen 

Filter 

Bag Filter 

SP-6 EFM 

SP-15 

Permeate 

Tank 

Laundry

Wastewater

Solids 

Permeate 

Tank 

Effluent from Spent Bag Screening Solids to Filters 

Reverse 

Osmosis 

Membranes 

Reverse 

Osmosis 

Membranes 

Caustic and Graywater/Sewage Double-Bottom Holding 

Ultraviol

Disinfecti

SP-7 

EFM 

SP-8/9 

EFM 

SP-16 

Tank for Discharge Acid Wash Treatment System 

Outside 12 nm 

[see Figure 2-3] 

Membrane Concentrate to 

Onboard 

Incinerator 

SP-10 

Graywater/Sewage Food Solids Treatment System

[see Figure 2-3] ROCHEM Graywater

Screening Solids

Other Solid Waste 

Overboard Con

Discharg

SP-# 

EFM 

Designated Sampling Point EPA Flow Meter Incinerator Ash Disposed

Onshore

Figure 2-2. ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System - Holland America Oosterdam 

Simplified diagram of the Holland America Oosterdam ROCHEM graywater treatment system. See Table 2-1 for a list of wastewater ssource, and Figure 2-1 for their collection and conveyance to the treatment system. 
2-16
 

Concentra te 

Crew Galley 

Buffer 

Tank 

SP-11 

EFM 

Buffer 

Tank 

NaOH pH 

Wastewater Cont Air rol Mixed Liquor 

Membrane 

Concentrate from 

Graywater 

Treatment System 

Vibratory 

Filter 

Screen 

SP-20 

Sludge 

Perm eate 

Antifoam 

Chemical Solids 

Addition 

Passenger Galley

Wastewater 

Filtrate 

Tank 

Bioreactor 

Segments

(8) 

Waste Biosludge 

Collection Tank 

SP-21 Effluent from 

Membrane 

Modules 

(9) 

S

UV 

Disinfection SP-12 

Permeate 

Tank 

Gr 

aywater Sewage 

Treatment System 

[see Figure 2-2] 

Double-Bottom Holding

Screening Solids to

Waste Biosludge toTank for Discharge

Double-Bottom Holding Outside 12 nm

Tank for Discharge

Outside 12 nm Overboar

Di

SP-# 

EFM 

Designated Sampling Point EPA Flow Meter 

Treatment train with eight bioreactor segments and ninemembrane modules. A total of eight treatment trains areoperated in parallel. Waste biosludge from all eight treatmenttrains is collected into a single waste biosludge collection tank, while permeate is collected into two permeate tanks, eachreceiving permeate from four treatment trains. 

Figure 2-3. ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System - Holland America Oosterd

Simplified diagram of the Holland America Oosterdam ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. See Table 2-1 for a list of wastwastewater source, and Figure 2-1 for their collection and conveyance to the treatment system 
3.0 SAMPLE COLLECTION 

This section describes the sample collection and analysis methods and deviations 

from the ship-specific Sampling and Analysis Plan for Holland America Oosterdam (Oosterdam 

SAP; Appendix E). A more detailed explanation of the sampling methodologies, analytes and 

analytical methods, sampling frequency and duration, schedule, and logistics that were followed 

during sampling onboard the Oosterdam can be found in Section 3.0 of the Oosterdam SAP. 

3.1 Pre-Sampling Activities 

EPA performed an engineering ship visit to the Oosterdam on March 28, 2004. 

The Oosterdam SAP was prepared based on information collected during that ship visit and 

from subsequent follow-up communication with Holland America personnel. One week prior 

to the sampling episode, personnel conducted sampling setup activities onboard the Oosterdam, 

including loading sampling equipment and the onboard laboratory, inspecting the installed 

sampling ports, installing the strap-on ultrasonic flow meters, and installing and programming 

the automatic sampling machines. 

3.2 Sample Collection and Analysis Methodology 

In general, graywater and wastewater treatment residual samples were taken for 

one 24-hour period, while samples of the influents to and effluents from the treatment systems 

were taken for five consecutive 24-hour periods (see Tables 2-1 and 2-2). Various sample 

collection methods (described in Table 3-1) were used depending on the waste stream and 

analyte (see Table 3-2). Most samples were composited over each 24-hour sampling period or 

were single grab samples in a 24-hour period. However, multiple (1 to 3) grab samples per 24­

hour period were collected for pathogen indicator analyses because these samples must be 

analyzed within 6 hours of collection (see Table 3-2). Table 3-3 describes the analyte groups 

and lists the analytical methods used. 

3-1
 
3.3 

Each time a grab or grab composite sample was taken, another separate sample 

was placed in a separate container to perform field measurements of pH, temperature, 

conductivity, salinity, turbidity, sulfide, and free and total chlorine. Temperature and pH were 

measured immediately at the sampling point, and the remaining parameters were measured at the 

sample staging area onboard. See Table 3-4 for equipment used for these measurements. Field 

measurements were used primarily to determine sample preservation requirements. Samples 

(other than those for field measurements) were preserved in accordance with procedures 

described in the Oosterdam SAP (Appendix E), with exceptions as noted in Section 3.6 and 

Table 3-5. Note that while Alaska and Federal regulations for cruise ship discharges include 

standards for total residual chlorine, the equipment used to measure residual chlorine onboard 

was not suitable for measuring low levels of chlorine (detection limit of 20 μg/L compared to a 

standard of 10 μg/L) and was subject to various interferences, such as from oxidized forms of 

manganese. Accordingly, the field measurements collected during this sampling episode should 

not be used to assess compliance with cruise ship discharge standards. 

Flow data were collected from the strap-on flow meters installed by the sampling 

team. See Section 2.4 for descriptions of the flow meter locations and Figures 2-1 through 2-3 

for their locations. The flow meters were programmed to record the instantaneous flow rate 

(m3/min) and total flow (m3) every five minutes. 

Converting Solids Mass Units to Volume Units 

The food pulper, screening solids (from both treatment systems), and waste 

biosludge samples had high solids contents; therefore, the results listed below were reported by 

the laboratories in mass units. 

C Food pulper: classical pollutants (except settleable residue and BOD5), 

metals, and volatile and semivolatile organics; 

C Screening solids: classical pollutants, metals, and volatile and semivolatile 

organics; and 

C Waste biosludge: classical pollutants (except available cyanide), metals, 

and volatile organics. 

3-2
 
Solids contents for these samples ranged from 1.4% to 26%. To allow for direct comparison of 

these results to those of other wastewater samples, mass units for these samples were converted 

to volume units using the following equation and assuming a sample density of 1: 

Amount (mass units) * (% solids/100) = Amount (volume units) 

All data in this report pertaining to food pulper, screening solids, and waste 

biosludge samples are reported in volume units. The laboratory data packages, which are 

included in the Cruise Ship Rulemaking Record and available upon request, contain the original 

mass units results reported by the laboratories. Note that the analytical results for the incinerator 

ash sample were also reported in mass units. However, the incinerator ash results were not 

converted because the sample was 100% solids. 

3.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control 

Duplicate samples were collected for quality assurance and quality control. 

Results for duplicate samples were averaged. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for 

details on duplicate sampling. Other field quality control samples prepared for this sampling 

episode include a trip blank and an equipment blank, which are discussed in Sections 5.2.1 and 

5.2.2, respectively. 

3.5 Interview with the Ship’s Crew 

The ship’s crew was interviewed to obtain information regarding activities that 

impact wastewater generation. See Appendix C for details on these interviews and Section 4.2 

for a summary. 

3.6 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan 

The sampling episode proceeded as specified in the Oosterdam SAP with the 

deviations described in Table 3-5. 

3-3
 
Table 3-1

Sample Collection Method Descriptions, Holland America Oosterdam

3-4
 

Sample Collection Method Description 

Composite by Flow Flow-weighted composite samples were collected using an automatic sampling machine interfaced with an install

meter (see Section 2.4). The flow meter signaled the automatic sampling machine to collect a 250-mL sample aliquantity of wastewater passed through the wastewater pipe. The number of composite sample aliquots collected pperiod ranged from approximately 30 to 70, depending on the total volume of sample required for planned analysSample aliquots were collected into a 10-L sample composite jar stored within the sampling machine. At the end period, the sample composite jar(s) were mixed and poured into individual sample bottles for analysis. Samples ccomposite-by-flow method best represent a waste stream flowing through a pipe. 

Composite by Time Time-weighted composite samples were collected using an automatic sampling machine programmed to collect 2

fixed time intervals. The programmed time interval differed by sampling point (see Table 3-2). The number of c

collected per 24-hour sampling period ranged from approximately 40 to 50, depending on the total volume of samanalyses. Sample aliquots are collected into a 10-L sample composite jar stored within the sampling machine. A

sampling period, the sample composite jar(s) were mixed and poured into individual sample bottles for analysis. method was used when the composite-by-flow method was not feasible (see Table 3-2). 

Grab Grab samples were discrete samples collected directly into the sample bottles from the sample tap or through Tefl

the sample tap. Note that samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples (as opposed to 

because they must be analyzed within a 6-hour holding time. 

Grab Composite Samples (1 to 4 per 24-hour sampling period) were manually collected as grab samples but composited either in t

for a single analysis. The grab composite method was used when the composite-by flow or composite-by-time mappropriate. Volatile organics - grab samples were collected directly into sample vials, which were filled completely to avoid volatilization. Grab samples for each 24-hour period for analysis of volatile organics were composited by the lab

analysis. Total and available cyanide - grab samples were chemically preserved as soon as possible to minimize interfereand available cyanide grab samples for each 24-hour period were composited onboard by the sampling team for a Hexane extractable material/silica-gel treated hexane extractable material (HEM/SGT-HEM) - grab sampleinto sample containers to avoid loss of HEM/SGT-HEM that might adhere to the interior of any interim sampling composite jar). The sampling team prepared composite HEM/SGT-HEM samples onboard for a single analysis p

by filling approximately one-fourth (250-mL) of the sample containers when they collected each grab sample, res

in each container at the end of each sampling period. 
Table 3-2

Sample Collection Methods and Analyte Groups Tested by Sampling Point, Holland America O

3-5
 

Wastewater Name 

Sampling 

Point # 

(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Group

Accommodations SP-1 Composite by flow 

Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II Total and dissolvSemivolatile org

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composite can be found in Appendix A-3.. 

Classical polluta- HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availVolatile organics 

Grab One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-1 shows the collection time. 

Pathogen Indicat

Laundry SP-2 Composite by time 

Automatic sampling machine was programmed to collect sample aliquots at 10-minute time intervals during the 24-hour sampling period. The sampling machine successfully collected sample aliquots only during the relatively few intervals during the 24-hour sampling period (0600 on 9/18/04 to 0600 on 9/19/04) when the laundry wastewater holding tank discharge pump turned on, thereby closely approximating a flow-weighted composite sample. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II Total and dissolvSemivolatile orgDioxins and fura

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composite can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availVolatile organics 

Grab One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-1 shows the collection time. 

Pathogen indicat

(a) See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow mete(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-6
 

Wastewater Name 

Sampling 

Point # 

(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Group

Galley SP-3 Composite by time 

Automatic sampling machine was programmed to collect 250-mL sample aliquots at 20-minute time intervals. The sampling machine successfully collected sample aliquots only during the relatively few intervals during the 24-hour sampling period (0600 on 9/19/04 to 0600 on 9/20/04) when crew galley wastewater flowed through the inlet pipe to the grease trap, thereby closely approximating a flow-weighted composite sample. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II Total and dissolvSemivolatile orgPesticides 

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composite can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availVolatile organics 

Grab One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-1 shows the collection time. 

Pathogen indicat

Food Pulper, Centrifuge System 

SP-5 Grab 

One grab sample was collected when the food pulper wastewater was drained from the centrifuge to the drain tank. See Appendix A-3 for the collection time. 

Pathogen indicatClassical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I (excepTSS) - Group II - Total and availTotal and dissolvVolatile and semorganics 

(a) See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow mete(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-7
 

Wastewater Name 

Sampling 

Point # 

(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Group

Influent to ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System 

SP-6 Grab composite 

Collection times for the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II - HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availTotal and dissolvVolatile and semorganics 

Grab Two grab samples were taken per sampling day. Results presented in Table 4-2 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indicat

Influent to UV Disinfection part of ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System 

SP-7 Grab 

Three grab samples were taken per sampling day. Results presented in Table 4-3 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indicat

Effluent from ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System 

SP-8/9 Composite by flow (Days 1 through 3) 

Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day. Grab composite (Days 4 and 5) Collection times of the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II Total and dissolvSemivolatile org

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availVolatile organics 

Grab Three grab samples were taken per sampling day. Results presented in Table 4-4 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indicat

Incinerator Ash SP-10 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Total metals Semivolatile orgDioxins and fura

(a) See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow mete(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-8
 

Wastewater Name 

Sampling 

Point # 

(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Group

Influent to ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

SP-11 Composite by flow 

Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II Total and dissolvSemivolatile orgPesticides Polychlorinated b

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availVolatile organics 

Grab Two grab samples were taken per sampling day. Results presented in Table 4-7 are an average for each sampling day. Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indicat

Influent to UV Disinfection part of ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

SP-12 Grab 

Three grab samples were taken per sampling day. Results presented in Table 4-8 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indicat

(a) See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow mete(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-9
 

Wastewater Name 

Sampling 

Point # 

(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Group

Effluent from ROCHEM Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

SP-13/14 Composite by flow 

Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II Total and dissolvSemivolatile org

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availVolatile organics 

Grab Three grab samples were taken per sampling day. Results presented in Table 4-9 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indicat

Graywater Screening Solids 

SP-15 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Classical polluta- Group I - Group II - Total and availTotal metals Volatile and semorganics 

(a) See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow mete(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. 
Table 3-2 (Continued) 

3-10
 

Wastewater Name 

Sampling 

Point # 

(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Group

Final Combined Treated Effluent 

SP-16 Composite by flow 

Twenty-four-hour sampling periods began at 0600 each day. 

Classical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II Total and dissolvSemivolatile org

Grab composite Collection times of the four subsamples in the composites each day can be found in Appendix A-3. 

Classical polluta- HEM/SGT-HE- Total and availVolatile organics 

Grab The number of grab samples taken per sampling day were as follows: 2, 3, 3, 3, 3. Results presented in Table 4-12 are an average for each sampling day (calculation used detection limits for nondetected results). Results and collection times for each grab sample are presented in Appendix A-1. 

Pathogen indicat

Source Water SP-17 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Pathogen indicatClassical polluta- BOD5 

- Settleable Resid- Group I - Group II - Total and availTotal and dissolvVolatile and semorganics 

Trip Blank SP-18 Grab sample 

One grab sample was taken. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) water was poured directly into sample vials in the contractor's Chantilly, VA sampling room and shipped to the Oosterdam. The trip blank was 

shipped back (unopened) to the laboratory along with the collected samples. 

Volatile organics 

Equipment Blank SP-19 Grab sample 

One grab sample was taken. The equipment blank consisted of HPLC water pumped through the automatic sampling machine and tubing and directly into the sample bottles. 

Total and dissolvSemivolatile org

(a) See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow mete(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. 
3-11
 

Table 3-2 (Continued) 

Wastewater Name 

Sampling 

Point # 

(a)(b) Sample Collection Methods (c) Analyte Group

Sewage/Graywater Screening Solids 

SP-20 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Classical polluta- Group I - Group II - Total and availTotal metals Volatile and semorganics 

Sewage/Graywater Waste Biosludge 

SP-21 Grab 

One grab sample was taken. Appendix A-3 shows the collection time. 

Classical polluta- Group I - Group II - Total and availTotal metals Volatile and semorganics 

(a) See Figures 2-1 through 2-3 for simplified diagrams of the Oosterdam graywater and sewage CHT and treatment systems indicating the sampling point and flow mete(b) Two sampling point numbers indicate duplicate samples taken at this point for certain analytes. See Section 5.2.3 and Tables 5-4 and 5-5 for details on duplicate sam(c) See Table 3-1 for descriptions of sample collection methods. (d) See Table 3-3 for additional information regarding analytes tested and analytical methods used. 
Table 3-3
 

Analytes and Analytical Methods, Holland America Oosterdam
 

Analyte Group Analytes Analytical Method Number 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli EPA 9223B 

Enterococci ASTM D6503-99 

Fecal coliform EPA 9222D 

Classical Pollutants Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) EPA 405.1 

Settleable Residue (SS) EPA 160.5 

Group I: 

- Total suspended solids (TSS) 

- Total dissolved solids (TDS) 

- Sulfate 

- Chloride 

- Alkalinity 

EPA 160.2 

EPA 160.1 

EPA 375.4 

EPA 325.3 

EPA 310.1 

Group II: 

- Total organic carbon (TOC) 

- Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 

- Ammonia as nitrogen 

- Nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen 

- Total Kjeldahl nitrogen 

- Total phosphorus 

EPA 415.1, Lloyd Kahn (“solids” samples) 

EPA 410.4 

EPA 350.3 

EPA 353.1 

EPA 351.3 

EPA 365.2 

Oil and grease measured as hexane 

extractable material and petroleum 

hydrocarbons measured as silica-gel 

treated hexane extractable material 

(HEM/SGT-HEM) 

EPA 1664A 

Cyanide: 

- Total cyanide 

- Available cyanide 

EPA 335.2 

EPA 1677 

Hardness EPA 2340B 

Total and Dissolved Metals See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of 

total and dissolved metals analyzed. 

EPA 200.7, EPA 200.9 (thallium), EPA 

245.1(mercury “liquid” samples), 245.5 

(mercury “solids” samples) 

Volatile and Semivolatile 

Organics 

See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of 

volatile and semivolatile organics 

analyzed. 

EPA 624 

EPA 625 

Pesticides See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of 

organohalide and organophosphorus 

pesticides. 

EPA 1656A 

EPA 1657A 

Polychlorinated Biphenyls 

(PCBs) 

See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of 

PCBs analyzed. 

EPA 1668A 

Dioxins and Furans See Appendix A-2 for a complete list of 

dioxins and furans analyzed. 

EPA 1613B 

3-12
 
Table 3-4
 

Field Measurement Equipment, Holland America Oosterdam
 

Parameter Measured by: 

pH Four-color pH paper 

Temperature Alcohol thermometer 

Conductivity and Salinity Portable conductivity/salinity meter (YSI Model 30) 

Turbidity Pocket turbidimeter (Hach Cat. No. 52600-00) 

Sulfide Colorimeter (Hach DR 890) 

Free and Total Chlorine Pocket colorimeter (Hach Cat. No. 46700-00) 

3-13
 
Table 3-5

Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan, Holland America Oosterdam

3-14
 

Deviation Description 

Pathogen Indicators Laboratory Duplicates 

For 5% of the pathogen indicators samples, duplicate 100-mL sample volumes were taken with the intentiocomposite the 100-mL sample volumes and then analyze duplicate samples from each composite sample to precision (i.e., laboratory duplicates). However, the laboratory did not prepare composites, but instead anasample volumes individually. Accordingly, the results obtained from these analyses are field duplicate samduplicates, and are presented and handled as such in this report. See Section 5.2.3 and Table 5-5 for detail

pathogen indicators. 

Laundry Wastewater (SP-2), Composite Samples 

The strap-on flow meter set-up and calibration procedure was unsuccessful at the laundry wastewater samp

pipe from the laundry wastewater holding tank), most likely due to close proximity to pumps and other sou

nearby machinery. As a result, flow data could not be collected at this sampling point. In addition, the flo

to initiate collection of flow-weighted composite samples at SP-2 as described in the Oosterdam SAP. As methodology, the automatic sampling machine was programmed to collect a time-weighted composite sam3-2. EPA concluded that the collected samples were representative of laundry wastewater as generated on

Food Pulper Wastewater, Vacuum System (SP-4) 

Samples of food pulper wastewater generated by the vacuum food pulper system could not be collected becsystem was not operating during the sampling episode. 

Influent to ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System (SP-6), Composite Samples 

The installed strap-on flow meter could not be used to trigger collection of flow-weighted composite sampbecause high wastewater pressure caused continuous collection of sample when the sample tap was left opesampling methodology, the sampling team collected manual grab composite samples as described in Table the collected samples were representative of the influent to the graywater treatment system onboard the Oo

Effluent from ROCHEM Graywater Treatment System (SP-8/9), Composite Samples 

At the end of Day 3, high wastewater pressure caused the installed strap-on flow meter to lose signal strengrun the flow meter set-up and calibration procedures were unsuccessful. As a result, flow data could not be point for Days 4 and 5. In addition, the flow meter could not be used to initiate collection of flow-weighte8/9 on Days 4 and 5. As an alternative sampling methodology, the sampling team collected manual grab cdays as described in Table 3-2. EPA concluded that the collected samples were representative of the efflue

treatment system onboard the Oosterdam. 

Final Combined Treated Effluent (SP16), Composite and Grab Samples 

Composite by flow sampling at SP-16 was suspended on Day 1 from 0600 to 1800 because overboard discthe ship was in Washington waters, and on Day 4 from 1000 to 1430 because overboard discharge was suscruised Hubbard Glacier. (The flow meter that controlled composite by flow sample collection was located discharge pipe, but during this time the effluent was diverted to double-bottom holding tanks.) On Day 1, only two of the planned grab and grab composite samples were collected as the sample tap was 

the valve that diverts the combined treated effluent to the double-bottom holding tanks. See Appendix A-1 times. Grab and grab composite sample collection times on Day 4 were not impacted by the suspended dis
Table 3-5 (Continued) 

3-15
 

Deviation Description 

Combined Graywater and Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Waste Sludge (planned SP-15) 

The Oosterdam SAP inaccurately described wastewater treatment residuals from the graywater and sewagesystems as being commingled inline as they are pumped to storage in the double-bottom holding tank. Instscreening solids are collected manually and incinerated onboard while the sewage/graywater screening solipumped to storage at different times and are generally not commingled until combined in the double-bottom Accordingly, there was no means of collecting a single sample of combined wastewater treatment residuals described in the Oosterdam SAP. As a result, samples of each of the three treatment residuals (graywater ssewage/graywater screening solids (SP-20), and waste biosludge (SP-21) were collected separately. See Tthe treatment residuals and their sampling point locations, and Table 3-2 for their sampling methodologies. 

Volatile Organics Preservation Free chlorine was detected in the pre-sampling field tests at all sampling points. Based on these results, the 

prepreserved all volatile organics sample vials with sodium thiosulfate rather than waiting to determine prebased on the free chlorine field test results. Free chlorine was generally detected in grab samples collected 

episode. (Sample vials were also prepreserved with hydrochloric acid to control biological activity as discSAP.) 

Analytical Methods EPA-contracted laboratories substituted comparable EPA analytical methods for certain analytes. Table 3-

methods used by the laboratories. Note that while the Oosterdam SAP correctly listed EPA Methods 624 and 625 as the planned methods for semivolatile organics, respectively, Appendix E of the Oosterdam SAP mistakenly listed the target analyte

and 1625. Appendix A-2 of this report presents the actual list of target volatile and semivolatile organics. 

Sampling Schedule The sampling team adjusted the sampling schedule in Appendix C of the Oosterdam SAP to accommodate 

operations. Refer to Appendix A-3 of this report for actual samples collected and sample collection dates/t

Food Pulper Wastewater, Centrifuge System (SP-5), Analyte Groups Tested 

Analyses for hardness, hexane extractable material (HEM), silica-gel treated hexane extractable material (S

solids (TDS), total suspended solids, and dissolved metals were not performed due to the high solids conte
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

This section presents the data collected during this sampling episode. Section 4.1 

presents the analytical results and discussion; Section 4.2 presents interview results for activities 

that impact wastewater generation; and Section 4.3 presents flow data and analysis. Analytical 

results for field measurements performed onboard are presented in Appendix A-3. Note that 

anomalous analytical results were obtained for ammonia and total and available cyanide; these 

data have not been excluded from the data set, but the results are presented and discussed in 

Sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 (in the data quality section of this report) and not in the current section. 

During the 2005 cruise season, EPA conducted a supplementary sampling program to collect 

additional ammonia data to better assess this analyte in cruise ship wastewater (See Section 

5.1.2). 

4.1 Laboratory Analytical Results and Discussion 

4.1.1 Graywater 

Table 4-1 presents analytical results for laundry, accommodations, food pulper, 

and galley wastewaters, which were sampled for one 24-hour period. Only those analytes 

detected at least once in any wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, influents to treatment 

systems, or effluents from treatment systems) are included in this table. Appendices A-1 and A2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

Of the 290 analytes tested for in the graywater sources, 65 were detected in these 

waste streams. Fifteen of these 65 analytes were also detected at some level in the equipment 

blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-1; see Table 5-3 for equipment blank results), meaning that 

the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. EPA 

will consider the impact of possible contamination from sampling equipment in a future analysis. 

Twenty-nine of these 65 detected analytes were also detected at some level in the potable water 

used as source water for all graywater systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-1; see Table 4-14 

4-1
 
for source water results), meaning that the source water may have contributed some or all of 

these analytes to the samples. 

Chart 1 presents the number of analytes detected in each graywater source. 

Chart 1. Number of Analytes Detected in Graywater Sources 

Analyte Group (a) 

Number of Analytes Detected 

Laundry Accommodations Food Pulper (b) Galley 

Pathogen Indicators 3 3 3 3 

Classical Pollutants 13 13 9 (b) 14 

Total and Dissolved Metals 30 34 16 (b) 33 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 3 3 0 3 

Total 49 53 28 53 

(a) See Table 3-3 for information on analyte groups.
 

(b)Food pulper wastewater was not analyzed for hardness, HEM/SGT-HEM, TDS, TSS, and dissolved metals due to
 

the high solids content of the sample (see Table 3-5).
 

Chart 2 presents the number of analytes that were detected in each graywater 

source at the highest concentration. For example, the highest detected concentrations for two of 

the pathogen indicators were found in the food pulper wastewater, while the highest detected 

concentration for the third indicator was found in the accommodations wastewater. Note that a 

graywater source that has the highest concentration of an analyte will not necessarily contribute 

the greatest amount of that analyte to the wastewater treatment system. The total amount of an 

analyte contributed by a particular graywater source also will depend on that source’s volume 

compared to the volumes of the other sources. Flow (and thus volume) information was not able 

to be collected for all graywater sources (see Table 2-1). 

4-2
 
Chart 2. Number of Analytes Detected at Highest Concentration in Graywater 

Analyte Group(a) 

Number of 

Analytes 

Detected in 

Graywater 

Number of Analytes Detected at the Highest Concentration 

Laundry Accommodations Food Pulper (b) Galley 

Pathogen Indicators 3 0 1 2 0 

Classical Pollutants 14 0 1 9 (b) 4 

Total and Dissolved Metals 43 5 28 1 (b) 9 

Volatile and Semivolatile 

Organics 

5 2 1 0 2 

Total 65 7 31 12 15 

(a) See Table 3-3 for information on analyte groups.
 

(b)Food pulper wastewater was not analyzed for hardness, HEM/SGT-HEM, TDS, TSS, and dissolved metals due to
 

the high solids content of the sample (see Table 3-5).
 

Food pulper wastewater contained a total of 28 analytes and showed the highest 

concentration for 12 analytes. Most notably, food pulper wastewater showed the highest 

concentrations for several analytes commonly used to measure wastewater strength: biochemical 

oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC). 

Accommodations wastewater contained the greatest number of analytes detected 

at the highest concentration (31 out of 65 detected analytes). Accommodations wastewater had 

the highest concentrations of E. coli and enterococci, and most metals. Fifty-three of the 65 

analytes detected in graywater sources were detected in accommodations wastewater. 

Galley wastewater contained 53 of the 65 analytes detected in graywater sources 

and showed the highest concentration among the graywater sources for 15 of the analytes, 

including 4 classical pollutants, several metals (most notably total and dissolved lead, and 

dissolved copper), 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, and phenol. Galley wastewater was the only 

graywater source that was analyzed for pesticides because this was the most likely possible 

source; none were detected. 

Laundry wastewater contained a total of 49 analytes and showed the highest 

concentration for 7 analytes (the least among the graywater sources). Most notably, the laundry 

contributed the highest concentrations of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and chloroform. Laundry 

4-3
 
wastewater was the only graywater source that was analyzed for dioxins and furans because this 

was the most likely possible source of these analytes; none were detected. 

4.1.2 Influent to Graywater Treatment System 

Table 4-2 presents analytical results for the influent to the ROCHEM graywater 

treatment system, which was sampled for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Only those 

analytes detected at least once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, 

influents to treatment systems, or effluents from treatment systems) are included in this table. 

Appendices A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

All 3 pathogen indicators and all 15 classical pollutants were detected in the 

influent to the graywater treatment system samples. One of these 18 analytes (hardness) was 

also detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-2; see Table 5-3 

for equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some 

or all of this analyte to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination 

from equipment in a future analysis. Seven of these detected analytes were also detected at some 

level in the potable water used as source water for all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by 

an “s” in Table 4-2; see Table 4-14 for source water results), meaning that the source water may 

have contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. Note that anomalous analytical 

results were obtained for ammonia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2. 

Chart 3 compares the influent to the Oosterdam graywater treatment system to 

typical domestic wastewater for selected pathogen indicators and classical pollutants. Key 

analytes commonly used to assess wastewater strength, such as BOD5, TSS, and COD, were 

detected in the Oosterdam influent to graywater treatment at concentrations similar to those in 

typical domestic wastewater, even though this treatment system does not treat any sewage. 

4-4
 
Chart 3. Comparison of Influent to Oosterdam Graywater Treatment System to
 

Untreated Domestic Wastewater
 

Analyte 

Influent to Oosterdam 

Graywater Treatment System 

Untreated Domestic Wastewater 

(a) 

Enterococci 102 to 103 MPN/100 mL 102 to 103 number/100 mL 

Fecal Coliform 106

 to 107 CFU/100 mL 104 to 105 number/100 mL 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand 

(BOD5) 

132 to 149 mg/L 110 to 400 mg/L 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 335 to 538 mg/L 250 to 1,000 mg/L 

Nitrate/Nitrite 0.0110 to 0.120 mg/L 0 mg/L 

Oil and Grease 37.0 to 143 mg/L 50 to 150 mg/L 

Total Phosphorus 0.850 to 3.94 mg/L 4 to 15 mg/L 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 73.0 to 99.0 mg/L 100 to 350 mg/L 

(a) Source: Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, Third Edition, 1991. 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Of the 34 metal analytes detected in the influent to graywater treatment samples, 

26 were detected in every influent to treatment sample (Table 4-2). Twelve of these 34 analytes 

were detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-2; see Table 5­

3 for equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some 

or all of these analytes to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination 

from equipment in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected analytes were also detected at 

some level in the potable water used as source water for all graywater systems (flagged by an “s” 

in Table 4-2; see Table 4-14 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have 

contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. 

The 10 metal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were: total and 

dissolved sodium, total and dissolved calcium, total zinc, total and dissolved aluminum, total and 

dissolved magnesium, and total iron. Total and dissolved chromium, total and dissolved copper, 

total and dissolved lead, total and dissolved nickel, and total and dissolved zinc are priority 

pollutant metals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) that were detected in 

every influent to graywater treatment sample. Some metals may result from carbon steel and 

stainless steel pipe and tanks in the ship. 

4-5
 
Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, and Dioxin and Furans 

Among the 80 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics, only 4 were 

detected in any Oosterdam influent to graywater treatment samples: 1 volatile organic, and 3 

semivolatile organics (Table 4-2). Many of these analytes were detected at concentrations close 

to their detection limits. Phenol was detected in the equipment blank (see Table 5-3 for 

equipment blank results) (volatile organics were not analyzed for in the equipment blank). EPA 

will consider the impact of possible contamination from sampling equipment in a future analysis. 

The three semivolatile organics detected in the influent to graywater treatment 

were: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, diethyl phthalate, and phenol. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and 

diethyl phthalate are plasticizers (chemicals added to plastics to make them flexible) and are 

commonly detected in environmental samples (ATSDR, 2002 and ATSDR, 1996). Cruise ships 

use a wide variety of plastic products (e.g., floor tiles, shower curtains, hoses, packaging 

materials and containers, PVC piping) that may result in the presence of these plasticisers in the 

influent to graywater treatment. 

Phenol is both man-made and produced naturally. It is found in human wastes 

(urine). It is also found in some foods (smoked summer sausage, fried chicken, mountain 

cheese, some species of fish). Man-made sources include the use of phenol as a slimicide, as a 

disinfectant, and in medicinal preparations such as ointments, ear and nose drops, and antiseptic 

wipes (ATSDR, 1998). All of these are possible sources for the presence of phenol in cruise 

ship wastewater. Phenol was also detected in the source water (see Table 4-14 for source water 

results), meaning that the source water may have contributed some or all of this analyte to the 

samples. 

The one volatile organic detected in the influent to treatment was toluene. 

Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and is used to produce gasoline, other fuels, and coal. It is 

also used to make paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, adhesives, and rubber (ATSDR, 

2001). 

4-6
 
Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the influent to 

the Oosterdam wastewater treatment system. 

4.1.3	 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the Graywater 

Treatment System 

Table 4-3 presents pathogen indicator results for the influent to UV disinfection 

part of the Oosterdam graywater treatment system. Grab samples for pathogen indicator 

analyses were collected at this sampling point for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. 

Pathogen indicators, which were generally in the thousands to millions at the influent to the 

treatment system (see Table 4-2), were reduced by three orders of magnitude after reverse 

osmosis (i.e., before the UV disinfection step). Data for pathogen indicators in the final effluent 

(i.e., after the UV disinfection step) are presented in the next section. 

4.1.4	 Effluent from Graywater Treatment System 

Table 4-4 presents analytical results for the effluent from the graywater treatment

 system, which was sampled for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Only those analytes 

detected at least once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, influents to 

treatment systems, or effluents from treatment systems) are included in this table. Appendices 

A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

A total of 15 grab samples were collected for analysis of the three pathogen 

indicators over the five 24-hour sampling periods (results and collection times for each grab 

sample are presented in Appendix A-1). Pathogen indicators generally were not detected in the 

effluent from the treatment system; the exceptions to this were 3 grab samples, with fecal 

coliform detected at concentrations close to the detection limit on Days 1 and 2, and E. coli 

detected at 6.30 MPN/100 mL on Day 5 (detection limit is 1 MPN/100 mL). 

4-7
 
Eleven of the 15 classical pollutants were detected in effluent from graywater 

treatment system; 4 classical pollutants (HEM, settleable residue, SGT-HEM, and TSS) were not 

detected in any effluent samples. Only one of the 11 detected classical analytes–hardness–was 

detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-4; see Table 5-3 for 

equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or 

all of this analyte to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination from 

equipment in a future analysis. Seven of the detected analytes were also detected at some level 

in the potable water used as source water for all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by an 

“s” in Table 4-4; see Table 4-14 for source water results), meaning that the source water may 

have contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. Note that anomalous analytical 

results were obtained for ammonia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2. 

Chart 4 shows that classical pollutant concentrations in the graywater effluent 

from the Oosterdam graywater treatment system are lower than EPA’s standards for secondary 

treatment. 

Chart 4. Classical Pollutant Comparison of Effluent from Oosterdam Graywater
 

Treatment System to Secondary Treatment Standards
 

Classical Pollutant 

Average Effluent from Oosterdam 

Graywater Treatment System 

Secondary Treatment 

Standards (a) 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 28.1 mg/L 45 mg/L 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ND(5.00) mg/L 45 mg/L 

(a) 40 CFR 133.102 Secondary Treatment Regulations, 7-day average. 

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Among the 54 total and dissolved metal analytes, 27 were detected in one or more 

effluent from treatment samples (Table 4-4). Of these 27 detected metals analytes, 15 were 

detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Twelve of the 27 detected analytes were also 

detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-4; see Table 5-3 for 

equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or 

all of these analytes to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of contamination from 

4-8
 
equipment in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected analytes were also detected at some 

level in the potable water used as source water for all graywater systems (flagged by an “s” in 

Table 4-4; see Table 4-14 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have 

contributed some or all these analytes to the samples. 

The ten metal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were total and 

dissolved calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and zinc. Total and dissolved zinc and copper, and 

total nickel are priority pollutant metals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) 

that were detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Some metals may result from 

contact with carbon steel and stainless steel pipes and tanks in the ship. There are no EPA 

secondary treatment standards for metals. 

Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, and Dioxin and Furans 

Among the 80 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics analyzed, 

only one–phenol– was detected in any Oosterdam graywater effluent samples (Table 4-4). 

Phenol was detected in the Oosterdam graywater effluent at an average concentration of 67.0 

:g/L. Phenol was detected in the source water (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-4; see Table 4-14 

for source water results) at a concentration of 58.0 :g/L, meaning that the source water may have 

contributed some or all of the detected phenol to the effluent samples. 

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the effluent 

from the graywater treatment system. 

4.1.5	 Wastewater Treatment System Performance: Comparison of Influent to 

Graywater Treatment System and Effluent from Graywater Treatment 

System 

The ROCHEM graywater treatment system successfully removed almost all 

pathogen indicators (>99%; Table 4-5), and most classical pollutants and metals (Table 4-6). 

4-9
 
Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

Pathogen indicators were substantially removed by reverse osmosis (>99%); any 

remaining pathogen indicators were generally removed by UV disinfection to levels below 

detection (overall system efficiency >99%, see Table 4-5). Enterococci was not detected in any 

of the 15 effluent from treatment samples. Fecal coliform was detected in 2 of the 15 samples at 

levels close to the detection limit, and E. coli was detected 1 of the 15 samples at a level of 6.30 

MPN/100mL. 

The graywater treatment system removed most biochemical oxygen demand 

(BOD5) (80%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (85%), and total organic carbon (TOC) (70%) 

(Table 4-6). The system also removed all settleable residue, HEM/SGT-HEM, and total 

suspended solids (TSS) to levels below detection. 

The treatment system reduced total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, which measures both 

ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen) by 76%, while the removal of nitrate/nitrite was 44%. 

Total phosphorus was removed by 90%. TKN, nitrate/nitrite, and total phosphorus were likely 

removed from the graywater treatment system via the reverse osmosis concentrate as the 

graywater treatment system has no mechanism for biodegradation. Ammonia results for this 

sampling episode were anomalous; therefore, EPA is unable to assess the performance of the 

graywater treatment system for this analyte at this time. During the 2005 cruise season, EPA 

conducted a supplementary sampling program to collect treatment performance data for 

ammonia (see Section 5.1.2). 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

The total metals analysis measures both the particulate and dissolved forms of 

metals, while the dissolved metals analysis measures only the dissolved form. The difference 

between the total and dissolved metals measurements is the particulate metals concentration. 

Metals were present in both particulate and dissolved forms in the influent to the graywater 

treatment system (i.e., the total metals concentrations exceeded the dissolved metals 

4-10
 
concentrations for most metals analytes) (Table 4-2). In comparison, metals were predominantly 

present in the dissolved form in the effluent from the graywater treatment system (i.e., the total 

and dissolved metals concentrations were similar in these samples for most metal analytes (Table 

4-4). This means that the graywater treatment system is highly efficient in removing particulate 

metals, as would be expected for reverse osmosis (and as supported by removal of settleable 

residue and TSS to levels below detection). The treatment system removed dissolved metals 

with an average efficiency of 52% (Table 4-11). 

Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxin and Furans 

Among the four volatile and semivolatile analytes detected in the influent to the 

graywater treatment system, none showed significant removals. For bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 

and diethyl phthalate, the detection limits in the effluent from graywater treatment samples 

exceed the average detected concentrations in the influent samples. Toluene was reduced from 

levels close to the detection limit to less than the detection limit. Phenol concentrations were not 

reduced by the graywater treatment system. 

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in either the 

influent to or effluent from the graywater treatment system; EPA has no data regarding the 

performance of the ROCHEM graywater treatment system for removing these analytes. 

4.1.6 Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

Table 4-7 presents analytical results for the influent to the sewage/graywater 

treatment system, which was sampled for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Only those 

analytes detected at least once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, 

influents to treatment systems, or effluents from treatment systems) are included in this table. 

Appendices A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

4-11
 
Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

All 3 pathogen indicators and all 15 classical pollutants were detected in the 

influent to treatment samples. One of these 18 analytes (hardness) was also detected at some 

level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-7; see Table 5-3 for equipment blank 

results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of this analyte 

to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of contamination from equipment in a future 

analysis. Seven of these detected analytes were also detected at some level in the potable water 

used as source water for all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-7; see 

Table 4-14 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have contributed some 

or all of these analytes to the samples. Note that anomalous analytical results were obtained for 

ammonia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2. 

Wastewater conservation practices used onboard, such as use of vacuum toilets, 

results in highly concentrated wastewater. In addition, sources that would serve to dilute the 

influent to treatment, such as accommodations wastewater, are not routed to the sewage/ 

graywater treatment system. Chart 5 compares the influent to the Oosterdam sewage/graywater 

treatment system to typical domestic wastewater for selected pathogen indicators and classical 

pollutants. Fecal coliform and enterococci concentrations in the influent to the Oosterdam 

sewage/graywater treatment system were two or more orders of magnitude greater than in typical 

untreated domestic wastewater. Key analytes commonly used to assess wastewater strength, 

such as BOD5, TSS, and COD, were detected at concentrations two or more times greater than 

typical domestic wastewater. 

4-12
 
Chart 5. Comparison of Influent to Oosterdam Sewage/Graywater Treatment System to
 

Untreated Domestic Wastewater
 

Analyte 

Influent to Oosterdam 

Sewage/Graywater Treatment 

System 

Untreated Domestic Wastewater 

(a) 

Enterococci 105

 to 106 MPN/100 mL 102 to 103 number/100 mL 

Fecal Coliform 106

 to 107 CFU/100mL 104 to 105 number/100 mL 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 690 to 1,380 mg/L 110 to 400 mg/L 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 1,800 to 2,830 mg/L 250 to 1,000 mg/L 

Nitrate/Nitrite 0.0160 to 0.0370 mg/L 0 mg/L 

Oil and Grease 48.0 to 85.0 mg/L 50 to 150 mg/L 

Total Phosphorus 20.9 to 31.8 mg/L 4 to 15 mg/L 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 560 to 1,110 mg/L 100 to 350 mg/L 

(a) Source: Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering, Third Edition, 1991. 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Of the 40 metal analytes detected in the influent to treatment samples, 32 were 

detected in every influent to sewage/graywater treatment sample (see Table 4-7 for the metals 

analytical results). Twelve of these 40 analytes were detected at some level in the equipment 

blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-7; see Table 5-3 for equipment blank results), meaning that 

the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. EPA 

will consider the impact of contamination from equipment in a future analysis. Twenty of these 

detected analytes were also detected at some level in the potable water used as source water for 

all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-7; see Table 4-14 for source 

water results), meaning that the source water may have contributed some or all of these analytes 

to the samples. 

The 10 metals detected at the highest concentrations were: total and dissolved 

sodium, calcium, magnesium, and iron, and total zinc and aluminum. Total and dissolved 

chromium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, and total mercury and silver are priority pollutant 

metals (designated by EPA in CFR Part 423, Appendix A) that were detected in every influent to 

treatment sample. Some metals may result from contact with carbon steel and stainless steel 

pipe and tanks in the ship. 

4-13
 
Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs 

Among the 360 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics, pesticides, 

and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 20 were detected in Oosterdam influent to 

sewage/graywater treatment samples: 17 PCBs and three semivolatile and volatile organics. 

Many of these analytes were detected at concentrations close to their detection limits. Phenol 

was detected in the equipment blank (see Table 5-3 for equipment blank results) (volatile 

organics were not analyzed for in the equipment blank). EPA will consider the impact of 

possible contamination from sampling equipment in a future analysis. 

The two semivolatile organics detected in the influent to sewage/graywater 

treatment: bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and phenol. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate is a plasticizer (a 

chemical added to plastics to make them flexible) and is commonly detected in environmental 

samples (ATSDR, 2002). Cruise ships use a wide variety of plastic products (e.g., floor tiles, 

shower curtains, hoses, packaging materials and containers, PVC piping) that may result in the 

presence of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in the influent to treatment. 

Phenol is both man-made chemical and produced naturally. It is found in human 

wastes (urine). It is also found in some foods (smoked summer sausage, fried chicken, mountain 

cheese, some species of fish). Man-made sources include the use of phenol as a slimicide, as a 

disinfectant, and in medicinal preparations such as ointments, ear and nose drops, and antiseptic 

wipes (ATSDR, 1998). All of these are possible sources for the presence of phenol in cruise ship 

wastewater. Phenol was also detected in the source water (see Table 4-14 for source water 

results), meaning that the source water may have contributed some or all of this analyte to the 

samples. 

The one volatile organic detected in the influent to treatment was toluene. 

Toluene occurs naturally in crude oil and is used to produce gasoline, other fuels, and coal. It is 

also used to make paints, paint thinners, fingernail polish, adhesives, and rubber (ATSDR 2001). 

4-14
 
No pesticides were detected in the influent to the Oosterdam sewage/graywater 

treatment system. 

Seventeen PCB congeners and co-eluting congener groups were detected in the 

influent to the sewage/graywater wastewater treatment system. Total PCBs in the influent were 

measured at a concentration of 11,400 pg/L. One of the detected PCBs was identified as “toxic” 

by the World Health Organization: PCB 180 (PCB-180+PCB-193, 620 pg/L). PCBs have 

traditionally been associated with electrical equipment, such as transformers; however, they have 

also been used in paint formulations, carbonless copy paper and plastics (EPA, 2005). None of 

the detected PCBs have any known manufacturers. (Note that PCBs were not analyzed for in the 

source water.) 

4.1.7	 Influent to the Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Part of the Sewage/Graywater 

Treatment System 

Table 4-8 presents pathogen indicator results for the influent to UV disinfection 

part of the Oosterdam sewage/graywater treatment system. Grab samples for pathogen indicator 

analyses were collected at this sampling point for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. 

Pathogen indicators, which were generally in the millions at the influent to the treatment system 

(see Table 4-7), were reduced to the hundreds after the bioreactor and membrane filter (i.e., 

before the UV disinfection step). Data for pathogen indicators in the final effluent (i.e., after the 

UV disinfection step) are presented in the next section. 

4.1.8	 Effluent from the Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

Table 4-9 presents analytical results for the effluent from the sewage/graywater 

treatment system, which was sampled for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Only those 

analytes detected at least once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, 

influents to treatment systems, or effluents from treatment systems) are included in this table. 

Appendices A-1 and A-2 present results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

4-15
 
Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

A total of 15 grab samples were collected for analysis of the three pathogen 

indicators over the five 24-hour sampling periods (results and collection times for each grab 

sample are presented in Appendix A-1). Pathogen indicators generally were not detected in the 

effluent from the treatment system. Exceptions are enterococci detected in 4 of the 15 samples 

and E. coli detected in 1 of the 15 samples. Most detections were close to the detection limit; 

however, the second grab sample collected on Day 5 contained enterococci and E. coli at 184 

and 13.2 MPN/100mL, respectively (detection limit is 1 MPN/100 mL). 

Eleven of the 15 classical pollutants were detected in effluent from treatment 

system; 4 classical pollutants (HEM, settleable residue, SGT-HEM, and TSS) were not detected 

in any effluent samples. Only one of the 11 detected classical analytes–hardness–was detected at 

some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-9; see Table 5-3 for equipment 

blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of this 

analyte to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination from equipment 

in a future analysis. Seven of the 11 detected classical analytes were also detected at some level 

in the potable water used as source water for all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by an 

“s” in Table 4-9; see Table 4-14 for source water results), meaning that the source water may 

have contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. Note that anomalous analytical 

results were obtained for ammonia; these results are presented and discussed in Section 5.1.2. 

Chart 6 shows that classical pollutant concentrations in the sewage/graywater 

effluent from the Oosterdam sewage/graywater treatment system are lower than EPA’s standards 

for secondary treatment. 

4-16
 
Chart 6. Classical Pollutant Comparison of Effluent from Oosterdam Sewage/Graywater
 

Treatment System to Secondary Treatment Standards
 

Classical Pollutant 

Average Effluent from Oosterdam 

Sewage/Graywater Treatment System 

Secondary Treatment 

Standards(a) 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 4.22 mg/L 45 mg/L 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ND(5.00) mg/L 45 mg/L 

(a) 40 CFR 133.102 Secondary Treatment Regulations, 7-day average. 

(b) ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Among the 54 total and dissolved metals analytes tested for, 32 were detected in 

one or more effluent from treatment samples (Table 4-9). Of these 32 detected metals analytes, 

24 were detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Thirteen of the 32 detected metal 

analytes were also detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-9; 

see Table 5-3 for equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have 

contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of 

possible contamination from equipment in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected metal 

analytes were also detected at some level in the potable water used as source water for all 

graywater systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-9; see Table 4-14 for source water results), 

meaning that the source water may have contributed some or all these analytes to the samples. 

The ten metal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were total dissolved 

calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and zinc. Total and dissolved zinc, nickel, lead, chromium, 

and copper are priority pollutant metals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) 

that were detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Some metals may result from 

contact with carbon steel and stainless steel pipes and tanks in the ship. There are no EPA 

secondary treatment standards for metals. 

4-17
 
Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans 

Among the 80 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics analyzed, 

only one–phenol– was detected in any Oosterdam sewage/graywater effluent samples (Table 4­

9). Phenol was detected in the Oosterdam sewage/graywater effluent at an average concentration 

of 63.4 :g/L. Phenol was detected in the source water (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-9; see 

Table 4-14 for source water results) at a concentration of 58.0 :g/L, meaning that the source 

water may have contributed some or all of the detected phenol to the effluent samples. 

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the effluent 

from the sewage/graywater treatment system. 

4.1.9	 Wastewater Treatment System Performance: Comparison of Influent to 

Sewage/Graywater Treatment System and Effluent from Sewage/Graywater 

Treatment System 

The ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system successfully removed most 

pathogen indicators (>99%; Table 4-10), and most classical pollutants, metals, and organics 

(Table 4-11). 

Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

Pathogen indicators were substantially removed by the bioreactor and membrane 

filter (>99%); any remaining pathogen indicators were generally removed by UV disinfection to 

levels below detection (overall system efficiency >99%, see Table 4-10). Fecal coliform was not 

detected in any of the 15 effluent from treatment samples. Enterococci was detected in 4 of the 

15 samples, and E. coli was detected in 1 of the 15 samples. Most detections were close to the 

detection limit; however, the second grab sample on Day 5 contained enterococci and E. coli at 

184 and 13.2 MPN/100mL, respectively (the detection limit 1 MPN/100 mL).

 The sewage/graywater treatment system removed most biochemical oxygen 

demand (BOD5) (>99 %), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (95 %) and total organic carbon 

4-18
 
(TOC) (86 %) (Table 4-11). The system also removed settleable residue, HEM/SGT-HEM, and 

total suspended solids (TSS) to levels below detection. 

The treatment system reduced total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN, which measures both 

ammonia and organic forms of nitrogen) by 70%, while nitrate/nitrite levels remained relatively 

unchanged (Table 4-11). Total phosphorus was removed by 41%. Nitrogen and phosphorus are 

likely taken up by the microorganisms in the bioreactor and removed from the system in the 

waste biosludge, as evidenced by elevated TKN and total phosphorus concentrations in the waste 

biosludge (see Section 4.1.11 and Table 4-13). It is unlikely that nitrogen is removed by 

nitrification (the mechanism of ammonia biodegradation) as nitrification would have resulted in 

significant increases in nitrate/nitrite concentrations, but these levels remained relatively 

unchanged. Ammonia results for this sampling episode were anomalous; therefore, EPA is 

unable to assess the performance of the sewage/graywater treatment system for this analyte at 

this time. During the 2005 cruise season, EPA conducted a supplementary sampling program to 

collect additional performance data for ammonia (see Section 5.1.2). 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

The total metals analysis measures both the particulate and dissolved forms of 

metals, while the dissolved metals analysis measures only the dissolved form. The difference 

between the total and dissolved metals measurements is the particulate metals concentration. 

Metals were present in both particulate and dissolved forms in the influent to the sewage/ 

graywater treatment system (i.e., the total metals concentrations exceeded the dissolved metals 

concentrations for most metals analytes) (Table 4-7). In comparison, metals were predominantly 

present in the dissolved form in the effluent from the sewage/graywater treatment system (i.e., 

the total and dissolved metals concentrations were similar in these samples for most metals 

analytes) (Table 4-9). Furthermore, there were elevated metals concentrations in the screening 

solids and waste biosludge (see Table 4-13). This means that the treatment system is highly 

efficient in removing particulate metals, as would be expected for membrane filtration (and as 

supported by >99% removal of settleable residue and TSS, see Table 4-11). The treatment 

system removed dissolved metals with an average efficiency of 40% (Table 4-11). 

4-19
 
Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans 

The sewage/graywater treatment system removed bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and 

toluene to levels below detection, and removed phenol by 33%. Possible removal mechanisms 

include biological degradation, adsorption onto screening solids and waste biosludge (Table 

4-13), and/or volatilization. 

Pesticides were not detected in the influent to sewage/graywater treatment and 

were not analyzed for in the effluent from sewage/graywater treatment. While PCBs were 

detected in the influent to treatment at low levels, they were not analyzed for in the effluent from 

sewage/graywater treatment; EPA has no data regarding the performance of the ROCHEM 

sewage/graywater treatment system for removing PCBs. Dioxin and furans were not analyzed 

for in either the influent to or effluent from the sewage/graywater treatment system. Dioxins and 

furans were analyzed for in laundry wastewater, and none were detected. 

4.1.10	 Final Combined Treated Effluent from Graywater and Sewage/Graywater 

Treatment Systems 

Table 4-12 presents analytical results for the final combined discharge from the 

graywater and sewage/graywater treatment systems (final combined treated effluent), which was 

sampled for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. Only those analytes detected at least 

once in any of the wastewater samples (i.e., graywater sources, influents to treatment systems, or 

effluents from treatment systems) are included in this table. Appendices A-1 and A-2 present 

results for both detected and nondetected analytes. 

4-20
 
Pathogen Indicators and Classical Pollutants 

A total of 14 grab samples were collected for analyses of the three pathogen 

indicators over the five 24-hour sampling periods (results and collection times for each grab 

sample are presented in Appendix A-1). Pathogen indicators generally were not detected in the 

final combined treated effluent. Exceptions are E. coli detected in 2 of 14 samples, enterococci 

detected in 3 of 14 samples, and fecal coliform detected in 2 of 14 samples. Most detections 

were close to the detection limit; however, the second grab sample collected on Day 1 contained 

E. coli at 49.6 MPN/100mL (detection limit is 1 MPN/100mL). 

Eleven of the 15 classical pollutants were detected in the final combined effluent; 

four classical pollutants (HEM, settleable residue, SGT-HEM, and TSS) were not detected in any 

effluent samples. Only one of the 11 detected analytes–hardness–was detected at some level in 

the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in Table 4-12; see Table 5-3 for equipment blank 

results), meaning that the sampling equipment may have contributed some or all of this analyte 

to the samples. EPA will consider the impact of possible contamination from equipment in a 

future analysis. Seven of these detected analytes were also detected at some level in the potable 

water used as source water for all graywater and sewage systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4­

12; see Table 4-14 for source water results), meaning that the source water may have contributed 

some or all of these analytes to the samples. 

Chart 7 shows that classical pollutant concentrations in the final combined 

effluent from the Oosterdam graywater and sewage/graywater treatment systems are lower than 

EPA’s standards for secondary treatment. 

Chart 7. Classical Pollutant Comparison of Final Combined Effluent from the Oosterdam 

Graywater and Sewage/Graywater Treatment Systems to Secondary Treatment Standards 

Classical Pollutant 

Average Final Combined Treated 

Effluent 

Secondary Treatment 

Standards(a) 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 17.6 mg/L 45 mg/L 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) ND(5.00) mg/L 45 mg/L 

(a) 40 CFR 133.102 Secondary Treatment Regulations, 7-day average. 

(b) ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

4-21 
Total and Dissolved Metals 

Among the 54 total and dissolved metals analytes, 29 were detected in one or 

more Final Combined Discharge from treatment samples (Table 4-12). Of these 29 detected 

metals analytes, 19 were detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Twelve of the 29 

detected analytes were also detected at some level in the equipment blank (flagged by an “e” in 

Table 4-12; see Table 5-3 for equipment blank results), meaning that the sampling equipment 

may have contributed some or all of these analytes to the samples. EPA will consider the impact 

of possible contamination from equipment in a future analysis. Twenty of these detected 

analytes were also detected at some level in the potable water used as source water for all 

graywater systems (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-12; see Table 4-14 for source water results), 

meaning that the source water may have contributed some or all these analytes to the samples. 

The 10 metal analytes detected at the highest concentrations were total and 

dissolved calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and zinc. Total and dissolved zinc, nickel, and 

copper, and dissolved chromium are priority pollutant metals (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 

423, Appendix A) that were detected in every effluent from treatment sample. Some metals may 

result from contact with carbon steel and stainless steel pipes and tanks in the ship. There are no 

EPA secondary treatment standards for metals. 

Semivolatile and Volatile Organics, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins and Furans 

Among the 80 target analytes for volatile and semivolatile organics analyzed, 

only one-phenol- was detected in any Oosterdam final combined treated effluent samples (Table 

4-12). Phenol was detected in the combined Oosterdam effluent at an average concentration of 

53 :g/L. Phenol was detected in the source water (flagged by an “s” in Table 4-12; see Table 4­

14 for source water results) at a concentration of 58.0 :g/L, meaning that the source water may 

have contributed some or all of the detected phenol to the effluent samples. 

Pesticides, PCBs, and dioxins and furans were not analyzed for in the final 

combined effluent from the treatment systems. 

4-22
 
4.1.11 Screening Solids, Waste Biosludge, and Incinerator Ash 

Table 4-13 presents the results for analytes detected in one-time grab samples of 

graywater screening solids, sewage/graywater screening solids, sewage/graywater waste 

biosludge (extra biological mass from the treatment system’s bioreactor), and incinerator ash 

(from incineration of trash, including food solids from the food pulper, ROCHEM 

sewage/graywater treatment system screening solids, and spent bag filters) collected during the 

sampling episode. Table 4-13 also shows the average influents to the graywater and sewage/ 

graywater treatment systems analyte concentrations from Tables 4-2 and 4-7 for comparison. 

Most of the analytes detected in the screening solids and waste biosludge were 

also detected in the influents to the treatment systems. For many analytes, concentrations in the 

screening solids and waste biosludge exceeded those in the influents to the treatment systems, 

suggesting that these analytes are removed from the systems in these waste streams. See 

Sections 4.1.5 and 4.1.9 for a detailed discussions of wastewater treatment system performance. 

4.1.12 Source Water 

Potable water is used as source water for all ship operations that generate 

graywater and sewage (e.g., laundry, galley, food pulper, sinks, showers, and toilets). Potable 

water is produced onboard and seldom bunkered while in port. Ten total metals, 10 dissolved 

metals, 7 classical pollutants, and 2 volatile and semivolatile organics were detected in the onetime grab sample of potable water collected during this sampling episode (Table 4-14). None of 

the analytes detected in the source water exceeded Federal drinking water standards (Table 4­

14). Pathogen indicators were not detected in the source water sample. 

4-23
 
4.2	 Summary of Interviews Regarding Activities that Impact Wastewater 

Generation 

The ship’s crew was interviewed to obtain information regarding activities that 

impact wastewater generation (see Appendix C for detailed reports). The ship’s crew provided 

operational, discharge, and wastewater treatment operating logs corresponding to the period of 

the sampling episode. These documents are included in the Cruise Ship Rulemaking Record and 

are available upon request. 

4.2.1	 Wastewater Generation 

Galley 

The Oosterdam has three dining rooms and 24-hour room service. Approximately 

9,000 total meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner, snacks) are served daily. Initial preparation of fish, 

pork, and beef are performed on Deck A, while cooking occurs in the galleys (two passenger 

galleys and one crew galley). The ship galleys are equipped with twelve dishwashers in total, 

including six large and six smaller machines. Dishwashers operate each day from the start of 

meal sittings until 3 1⁄2 - 4 hours after each meal sitting (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). Dishes are 

washed using Solid Power and Rinse Dry, which are dispensed automatically to each machine. 

The Oosterdam also uses Solitaire and Solid Metal Pro, for washing hands, pots, and pans; 

Bioclean for cleaning hoods and sinks; Absorbit for cleaning floors; Grill Shine (a lemon juice 

extract) for cleaning galley grills; and Hepburn Bio WC Clean for cleaning floor drains. All 

cleaning agents are listed on Holland American Cruise Line’s approved chemicals list (ACL). 

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for these products are included in the Cruise Ship 

Rulemaking Record and are available upon request. 

Laundry 

The main Oosterdam laundry operates 15 hours per day between the hours of 

0900 and 2400. It has a total of seven washers and six driers. Three large washers process 

approximately eight loads of towels (400 lb per load) per day, and two medium washers process 

4-24
 
one or more loads of passenger clothing (125 lb per load) per day. Two small washers process 

20 loads (15 lb per load) per day. The crew laundry contains 15 launderette machines. All 

laundry and laundrette machines include auto-dispense of cleaning agents listed on the ACL. 

Laundry cleaning agents include: Diverdet 2A, Emphasize, Launch, Liquid Diveralk 1C, Renew 

Extra, Super Impede, and Valid II. MSDS for these products are included in the Cruise Ship 

Rulemaking Record and are available upon request. 

Photo Processing 

The Oosterdam has a photo processing lab. All waste photographic chemicals are 

collected into drums for disposal onshore. Silver-containing wastes are pretreated by a silver 

recovery cartridge, which retains the silver within the filter for recovery. There is one primary 

cartridge and one backup; each provides approximately 600 hours of operation. Use of two 

digital machines has significantly reduced the volume of chemicals used as compared to analog 

film machines; however, the chemicals used in digital photo processing machines are more 

concentrated. A laboratory sink is used to rinse equipment such as chemical trays. The sink is 

physically blocked to prohibit discharges to the graywater CHT system, and collected rinse 

waters are pumped to the silver recovery cartridges. Two floor drains in the photo lab are 

blocked to ensure spilled chemicals do not enter the drain system. 

Print Shop 

The Oosterdam houses an onboard print shop, with one offset printer, three 

copiers, and one laser printer. Wastes, such as rags and residual chemicals, are disposed of 

onshore as hazardous waste. Spent toner cartridges are recycled through onshore vendors. Two 

print shop sinks are used for hand washing only and are plumbed to the accommodations CHT 

system. The shop has an open floor drain; the ship’s crew indicated no chemical spills to date. 

Cleaning solvents and offset printing chemicals (alcohol, deglazer, plate etch) are stored in a 

locked cabinet. 

4-25
 
Dry Cleaning 

The Oosterdam has a dry cleaning facility with one dry cleaning machine and one 

small spot-cleaning machine. The dry cleaning machine is self-contained, with 

perchloroethylene distilled and recycled. Dry cleaning condensate and other solvent wastes and 

sludge (approximately 20L per month) are disposed of onshore as hazardous waste; no solvent 

wastes or wastewaters enter the graywater CHT system. 

Chemical Storage 

Any spills from the engine room storage areas are captured in the bilge and do not 

enter the graywater or sewage systems. See Appendix C for more information on chemicals 

stored in each engine room. Chemicals are also stored in other rooms of the ship as listed in 

Appendix C; these storage rooms have no floor drains to ensure that spilled chemicals do not 

enter the graywater and sewage systems. 

Medical Infirmary/Dental Care 

The Oosterdam provides onboard medical and dental care. Wastes such as 

machine cleaning chemical residuals, rags, outdated medications, and screened residual amalgam 

are disposed of onshore. Sinks and floor drains in the pantry and sinks in the examining rooms 

drain to the graywater CHT system. In addition, general cleaning wastewater and wastewater 

from the autoclave/sanitizing machine and from digital imaging are routed to the graywater CHT 

system. Sewage from toilets is collected by the sewage CHT systems. Floor drains in the 

garbage room drain to the bilge for treatment by oil/water separation prior to discharge. 

Garbage Room 

The Oosterdam has a garbage room onboard. The room is refrigerated, with 

solid/wet separation and crushing equipment. There is extensive recycling with hand separation 

of all garbage (e.g., glass, aluminum, tin cans, box board, wet garbage, flourescent tubes, and 

4-26
 
batteries). The sink located in the garbage room is for hand washing only. Chemical storage is 

kept in a hazardous chemical locker with no drains. 

4.2.2 Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Use 

No pesticides, fungicides, or rodenticides are used on the Oosterdam. 

4.3 Flow Data 

Strap-on ultrasonic flow meters were used to collect flow measurements and, in 

some cases, to control automatic composite sample machines on: (1) the outlet pipe from one of 

the accommodations holding tanks, (2) the influent to the graywater treatment system, (3) the 

effluent from the graywater treatment system, (4) the influent to the sewage/graywater treatment 

system, (5) the effluent from the sewage/graywater treatment system, and (6) the final combined 

effluent from the graywater and sewage/graywater treatment systems (see Section 2.4 and 

Figures 2-1 through 2-3). The flow meters were programmed to record instantaneous flow rate 

(m3/min) at total flow (m3) every five minutes. Flow data analyses presented in this section are 

based on only those flow data collected during the sampling episode of September 18 through 

September 23. Appendix B presents all flow data collected while onboard the Oosterdam from 

September 18 through September 23, 2005. 

The total daily volume of wastewater from each of the six flow meter locations 

for each 24-hour sampling period are presented in Figure 4-1. The Oosterdam suspended 

overboard discharge (final combined treated effluent) for part of Day 1 while in State of 

Washington waters and for part of Day 4 while the ship cruised Hubbard Glacier. In addition, at 

the end of Day 3, high pressure caused the installed flow meter on the effluent to the graywater 

treatment system to lose signal strength; no flow measurements were collected at this location on 

Days 4 and 5. With the exception of the final overboard discharge (which was suspended for 

parts of Day 1 and Day 4), total daily flow at all locations remained relatively constant over the 

five-day sampling episode, regardless of whether the ship was in port (Day 1, 3, and 5) or at sea 

(Day 2 and 4). 

4-27
 
Daily flow rates and flow per capita are presented in Table 4-15. Per capita flow 

rates were calculated based on 2,625 people (1,857 passengers and 768 crew) onboard during the 

sampling episode, as reported by the ship’s crew. (Per capita volumes of accommodations 

wastewater generated were not calculated because the flow for only one collection tank was 

monitored.) On average, each person generated 31 gallons of untreated accommodations and 

laundry wastewater and 23 gallons of untreated sewage, galley wastewater, and membrane 

concentrate generated by the ROCHEM graywater treatment system. Average combined 

discharge from the graywater and sewage/graywater treatment systems was 45 gallons per 

person per day. 

Figures 4-2 and 4-3 present the average flows for effluent from graywater 

treatment and effluent from sewage/graywater treatment for each hour interval over the five 

consecutive 24-hour sampling periods. The effluent flow from the graywater treatment system 

fluctuates substantially throughout the day. Flow rates were higher during the day and lower at 

night, as expected because accommodations wastewater composes the majority of influent flow 

to the treatment system. Laundry wastewater composes the remainder of the influent to the 

treatment system; the laundry operates from 0900 to 2400. The effluent flow from the 

sewage/graywater treatment system remains relatively constant throughout the day. 

4-28
 
4-29
 

Table 4-1 

Graywater Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam 

Analytical results for each graywater source for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode. See 

for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Graywater samples were collected for one 24-hour period; see Section 3.2 for the smethodology. Table 2-1 lists the specific wastewater streams in each graywater source, and Figure 2-1 identifies sampling point locatiowastewater results were converted from mass to volume units; see Section 3.3. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 4identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli MPN/100 mL 7,700 10,700 100,000 

Enterococci MPN/100 mL 272 450 1,600,000 Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 17,000 120,000,000 100,000 

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 35.9 ND(20.0) ND(200) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 106 376 50,200 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 323 1,730 25,300 Chloride (s) mg/L 13.0 175 2,250 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 2.00 43.3 NC Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 9.00 47.0 NC Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 0.0580 0.100 0.951 Settleable Residue mL/L ND(0.120) 15.0 1,000 Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L ND(6.00) ND(6.00) NC Sulfate (s) mg/L 3.22 103 612 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 93.0 379 NC Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 3.27 34.1 362 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 69.1 79.7 77,500 Total Phosphorus mg/L 0.380 2.31 371 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).
Table 4-1 (Continued) 

4-30
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 24.0 430 NC Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 1,270 1,400 3.92 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(0.0411) Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 12.7 292 1.14 Boron, Total ug/L 148 232 ND(0.0630) Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) 0.880 0.0151 Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 457 4,800 630 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 ND(0.270) 77.1 0.532 Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) 0.880 ND(0.00548) Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 35.3 988 2.32 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 117 2,570 112 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 ND(0.620) ND(0.620) 0.103 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 209 7,610 105 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 3.34 33.8 5.22 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) 0.130 ND(0.00274) Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.60) 4.04 0.0562 Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 3.09 85.8 0.285 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 ND(1.40) ND(1.40) 0.110 Silver, Total ug/L P126 ND(0.770) 4.96 ND(0.0151) Sodium, Total (s) ug/L 19,400 153,000 1,050 Tin, Total ug/L ND(0.940) 14.3 ND(0.0493) Titanium, Total ug/L 1.59 14.9 0.210 Vanadium, Total ug/L ND(0.470) 4.19 ND(0.0137) Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 151 10,100 3.22 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).
Table 4-1 (Continued) 

4-31
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 317 202 NC Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NC Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NC Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 0.990 191 NC Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 0.0800 ND(0.0700) NC Boron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 108 258 NC Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 0.240 ND(0.0800) NC Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 318 4,020 NC Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 0.980 0.890 NC Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 1.90 2.37 NC Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 35.6 26.3 NC Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 94.8 1,120 NC Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 2.36 2.04 NC Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 230 7,050 NC Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 5.29 23.4 NC Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) NC Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 4.46 28.2 NC Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 0.960 ND(0.770) NC Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 21,800 79,500 NC Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) NC Titanium, Dissolved ug/L 0.720 ND(0.620) NC Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) NC Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 82.4 1,910 NC 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).
4-32
 

Table 4-1 (Continued) 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Laundry 

(SP-1) (a) 

Accommodations 

(SP-3) (a) 

Food Pulper 

(SP-4) (a) 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(10.0) ND(11.0) ND(233) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 42.0 ND(11.0) ND(233) Chloroform (s) ug/L P023 6.00 5.12 ND(0.685) Diethyl phthalate ug/L P070 ND(10.0) ND(11.0) ND(233) Phenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 52.0 62.0 ND(233) Toluene ug/L P086 ND(5.00) 87.0 ND(0.685) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-1. (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).
4-33
 

Table 4-2 

Influent to Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterda

Analytical results for the influent to the graywater treatment system for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples during the Appendices A-1 and A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Influent to graywater treatment system samples were col24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point location. Averaconcentrations determined from the daily results. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identifie

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

Infl

T

(

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL 37,600 [N=2] 59,400 [N=2] 36,500 [N=2] 55,200 [N=2] 79

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL > 1,260 [N=2] 201 [N=2] 674 [N=2] 1,420 [N=2] < Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL 14,200,000 [N=2] 6,450,000 [N=2] 6,550,000 [N=2] 17,000,000 [N=2] < 

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 31.8 43.1 56.4 50.2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 149 132 146 143 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 538 335 403 359 Chloride (s) mg/L 13.0 13.0 25.0 25.0 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 5.39 5.18 5.42 8.88 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 143 37.0 51.0 47.0 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 0.0110 0.0160 0.0160 0.120 Settleable Residue mL/L 0.530 1.10 0.590 3.00 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).

# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-34
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

Infl

T

(

Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 7.00 ND(6.00) ND(6.00) ND(6.00) Sulfate (s) mg/L 11.9 12.0 12.2 10.8 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 86.0 95.0 132 160 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 9.87 0.380 10.2 15.5 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 54.7 44.5 60.4 56.3 Total Phosphorus mg/L 1.47 3.94 1.13 1.13 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 95.0 73.0 86.0 99.0 Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 653 672 702 1,020 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 134 134 137 137 Boron, Total ug/L ND(18.0) ND(18.0) ND(18.0) ND(18.0) Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) NCalcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 1,640 1,570 1,600 1,960 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 2.76 3.50 3.80 9.52 Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) NCopper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 156 289 219 197 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 366 339 334 423 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 5.41 9.34 7.36 6.91 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).

# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-35
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

Infl

T

(

Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 317 305 346 968 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 7.65 6.95 7.61 8.87 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) 0.0550 Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 14.5 17.7 16.6 18.5 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(1.40) Silver, Total ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) 2.27 Sodium, Total (s) ug/L 16,000 20,300 24,800 26,400 Tin, Total ug/L ND(0.940) 1.03 ND(0.940) 6.92 Titanium, Total ug/L 1.47 1.69 1.76 3.51 Vanadium, Total ug/L 0.810 ND(0.470) 0.840 0.890 NZinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 667 598 924 870 Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 279 223 183 209 Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 73.5 40.1 25.9 25.3 Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) NBoron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 114 95.0 59.0 69.6 Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) N

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).

# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-36
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

Infl

T

(

Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 1,450 1,130 761 1,200 Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 0.390 0.760 0.660 0.640 Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 2.14 1.72 3.16 3.85 Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 70.6 205 100 77.1 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 199 192 165 179 Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 1.01 4.47 1.84 1.58 Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 268 239 234 929 Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 9.00 7.30 9.43 11.0 Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) NNickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 13.7 15.5 12.7 12.6 Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) NSodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 19,100 23,900 23,800 30,700 Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) 1.04 NTitanium, Dissolved ug/L 0.920 ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) NZinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 130 134 252 160 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).

# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-2 (Continued) 

4-37
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Day 4 

Infl

T

(

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(11.0) ND(10.0) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 19.0 23.0 ND(11.0) ND(10.0) Chloroform (s) ug/L P023 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) Diethyl phthalate ug/L P070 ND(10.0) 14.0 14.0 12.0 Phenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 47.0 55.0 62.0 51.0 Toluene ug/L P086 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) 6.00 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).

# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
4-38
 

Table 4-3

Influent to Graywater UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam

Analytical results for the influent to UV disinfection part of the graywater treatment system. Influent to UV disinfection samples were consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point locaUV concentrations determined from the daily result. 

Analyte Unit 

Influent to GW UV 

(SP-7) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to GW UV 

(SP-7) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to GW UV 

(SP-7) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to GW UV 

(SP-7) (a) 

Day 4 

Influent to GW 

(SP-7) (a

Day 5 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL < 15.2 [N=3] 72.2 [N=3] 12.2 [N=3] 16.1 [N=3] < 3.17 [N=

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL ND(1.00) [N=3] < 1.00 [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [NFecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL 30,400 [N=3] 2,330 [N=3] 883 [N=3] 1,510 [N=3] 80.3 [N=3

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-39
 

Table 4-4 

Effluent from Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America Ooster

Analytical results for the effluent from the graywater treatment system for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples during 

See Appendices A-1 and A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Effluent from treatment system samples were collect24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-2 identifies sampling point location. Averaconcentrations determined from the daily results. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identifie

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

GW T

(SP

D

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=2] ND(1.00) [N=3] < 2.7

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=2] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL < 1.67 [N=3] < 1.42 [N=3] ND(2.00) [N=2] ND(2.00) [N=3] ND(2

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 23.6 23.6 ND(10.0) 34.9 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 27.9 27.1 24.8 23.2 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 68.0 56.0 58.0 50.5 Chloride (s) mg/L 8.00 12.0 17.0 17.0 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 1.17 0.750 0.390 1.30 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L ND(6.00) ND(6.00) ND(6.00) ND(6.00) NDNitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L ND(0.0100) ND(0.0100) 0.0270 0.0270 0Settleable Residue mL/L ND(0.110) ND(0.110) ND(0.110) ND(0.110) NDSilica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L ND(6.00) ND(6.00) ND(6.00) ND(6.00) NDSulfate (s) mg/L 2.17 2.70 4.17 2.80 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mL/L ND(10.0) 35.0 53.3 67.0 ND

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-4 (Continued) 

4-40
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

GW T

(SP

D

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 0.120 0.0800 0.470 6.74 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 16.5 16.0 12.9 13.4 Total Phosphorus mg/L 0.150 0.120 0.220 0.170 0Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NDTotal and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L ND(8.80) ND(8.80) ND(8.80) 28.0 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDBarium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 26.8 14.6 11.2 8.60 Boron, Total ug/L ND(18.0) ND(18.0) ND(18.0) 83.0 Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) < 0.0867 ND(0.0800) NDCalcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 352 213 112 164 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 ND(0.270) ND(0.270) ND(0.270) ND(0.270) NDCobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) NDCopper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 26.8 22.5 167 35.6 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 419 222 469 193 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 3.74 ND(0.620) 28.5 2.42 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 70.2 53.3 34.4 216 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 8.18 5.27 81.1 3.77 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) NDMolybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) NDNickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 2.64 2.23 2.99 2.81 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-4 (Continued) 

4-41
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

GW T

(SP

D

Selenium, Total ug/L P125 ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(1.40) NDSilver, Total ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) NDSodium, Total (s) ug/L 12,500 11,900 11,300 20,000 1Tin, Total ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) NDTitanium, Total ug/L ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) NDVanadium, Total ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) NDZinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 236 237 675 196 Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L ND(8.80) ND(8.80) < 16.9 ND(8.80) NDAntimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDArsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDBarium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 11.3 5.37 8.06 2.58 Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) NDBoron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 58.4 83.7 73.6 ND(18.0) NDCadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) NDCalcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 290 256 ND(7.00) ND(7.00) Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 ND(0.270) ND(0.270) 0.440 ND(0.270) NDCobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 1.26 1.32 ND(0.660) 2.14 Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 4.74 11.7 47.0 2.96 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 190 197 445 103 Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 2.05 1.89 14.8 ND(0.620) Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 61.6 61.7 ND(6.30) 196 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-4 (Continued) 

4-42
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

(SP-8) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflu

GW T

(SP

D

Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 8.35 7.27 8.15 6.21 Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) NDNickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 3.10 3.69 4.15 ND(0.310) Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) NDSodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 11,500 14,000 12,100 18,600 1Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) NDTitanium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) NDVanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) NDZinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 147 228 605 147 Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(20.0) ND(20.0) ND(22.0) ND(20.0) NDBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 ND(20.0) ND(20.0) ND(22.0) ND(20.0) NDChloroform (s) ug/L P023 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NDDiethyl phthalate ug/L P070 ND(20.0) ND(20.0) ND(22.0) ND(20.0) NDPhenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 61.7 64.3 67.0 71.0 Toluene ug/L P086 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-43
 

Table 4-5

Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen Indicators, Holland America O

Pathogen indicators performance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM graywater treatment system. Average analyte concentrations werdaily results presented in Tables 4-2 through 4-4. Percent removals were calculated using the average influent to and effluent from treaconcentrations. 

Analyte Unit 

Average Influent to Graywater 

Treatment Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Influent to 

Graywater UV Disinfection 

Concentration 

(SP-7) (a) 

Average Effluent from Graywa

Treatment Concentration 

(SP-8) (a) 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli MPN/100 mL 53,600 <23.8 <1.35 Enterococci MPN/100 mL #1,070 <1.00 ND(1.00) Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL <21,800,000 7,030 <1.82 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result reported includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
4-44
 

Table 4-6 

Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Analytes Other Than Pathogen Indicators, Holland 

Performance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM graywater treatment system for analytes other than pathogen indicators detected in eiteffluent from graywater treatment. Range and average analyte concentrations were determined from the daily results presented in Tableremovals were calculated using the average graywater influent and effluent analyte concentrations. Priority pollutants (designated by EAppendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-8) (a) 

Effluent 

Trea

Concentr

(SP

Classical Pollutants 

Alkalinity mg/L 43.5 31.8 - 56.4 <22.3 ND(10Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 143 132 - 149 28.1 23.2 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 405 335 - 538 62.3 50.5 Chloride (s) mg/L 18.6 13.0 - 25.0 13.4 8.00 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 6.14 5.18 - 8.88 1.10 0.390 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 64.2 37.0 - 143 ND(6.00) NDNitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 0.0360 0.0110 - 0.120 <0.0202 ND(0.010Settleable Residue mL/L 1.14 0.500 - 3.00 ND(0.109) ND(0.105) Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L <6.20 ND(6.00) - 7.00 ND(6.00) NDSulfate (s) mg/L 10.8 6.91 - 12.2 3.05 2.17 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 107 64.0 - 160 <35.1 ND(10Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 9.08 0.380 - 15.5 2.15 0.080Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 53.4 44.5 - 60.4 15.9 12.9 Total Phosphorus mg/L 1.70 0.850 - 3.94 0.176 0.120 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 89.2 73.0 - 99.0 ND(5.00) ND

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-6 (Continued) 

4-45
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-8) (a) 

Effluent 

Trea

Concentr

(SP

Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 744 653 - 1,020 <15.2 ND(8.8Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDBarium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 135 134 - 137 18.6 8.60 Boron, Total ug/L <29.3 ND(18.0) - 74.3 <38.9 ND(18Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) <0.0813 ND(0.080Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 1,680 1,570 - 1,960 269 112 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 5.25 2.76 - 9.52 ND(0.270) ND(Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 213 156 - 289 69.9 22.5 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 374 334 - 423 405 193 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 7.38 5.41 - 9.34 <8.50 ND(0.6Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 471 305 - 968 106 34.4 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 7.85 6.95 - 8.87 22.5 3.77 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 <0.0580 ND(0.0500) - 0.0850 ND(0.0500) ND(0Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) NDNickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 17.1 14.5 - 18.5 3.18 2.23 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(1.40) NDSilver, Total ug/L P126 <1.37 ND(0.770) - 2.27 ND(0.770) ND(Sodium, Total (s) ug/L 21,300 16,000 - 26,400 14,000 11,300 Tin, Total ug/L <2.46 ND(0.940) - 6.92 ND(0.940) ND(

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-6 (Continued) 

4-46
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-8) (a) 

Effluent 

Trea

Concentr

(SP

Titanium, Total ug/L 2.04 1.47 - 3.51 ND(0.620) ND(Vanadium, Total ug/L <0.696 ND(0.470) - 0.890 ND(0.470) ND(Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 791 598 - 924 383 196 Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 233 183 - 279 <10.4 ND(8.8Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDArsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDBarium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 48.6 25.3 - 78.4 9.80 2.58 Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0Boron, Dissolved (e) ug/L <71.1 ND(18.0) - 114 <50.3 ND(18Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 1,230 761 - 1,630 <208 ND(7.Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 0.564 0.370 - 0.760 <0.304 ND(0.27Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 3.20 1.72 - 5.11 <1.80 ND(0.6Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 109 70.6 - 205 18.3 2.96 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 189 165 - 212 256 103 Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 2.22 1.01 - 4.47 <4.37 ND(0.6Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 427 234 - 929 <99.1 ND(6.Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 10.3 7.30 - 14.9 8.82 6.21 Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 13.8 12.6 - 15.5 <3.30 ND(0.3Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-6 (Continued) 

4-47
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-6) (a) 

Influent to GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-6) (a) 

Average Effluent from 

GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-8) (a) 

Effluent 

Trea

Concentr

(SP

Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 24,100 19,100 - 30,700 14,000 11,500 Tin, Dissolved ug/L <0.960 ND(0.940) - 1.04 ND(0.940) ND(Titanium, Dissolved ug/L <0.682 ND(0.620) - 0.920 ND(0.620) ND(Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 170 130 - 252 279 147 Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(10.6) ND(10.0) - ND(12.0) ND(20.8) ND(20.0) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 <15.0 ND(10.0) - 23.0 ND(20.8) ND(20.0) Chloroform (s) ug/L P023 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NDDiethyl phthalate ug/L P070 <12.4 ND(10.0) - 14.0 ND(20.8) ND(20.0) Phenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 49.4 32.0 - 62.0 67.0 61.7 Toluene ug/L P086 <5.20 ND(5.00) - 6.00 ND(5.00) ND

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
4-48
 

Table 4-7 

Influent to Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America Oost

Analytical results for the influent to the sewage/graywater (Sewage/GW) treatment system for analytes detected at least once in wastewsampling episode. See Appendices A-1 and A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Influent to sewage/graywater treawere collected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-3 identi

location. Average influent to treatment concentrations determined from the daily results. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 4 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL 10,400,000 [N=2] 10,100,000 [N=2] 8,940,000 [N=2] 7,050,000 [N=2] 5

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL 1,400,000 [N=2] 1,970,000 [N=2] 949,000 [N=2] 819,000 [N=2] 6Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL 52,000,000 [N=2] 15,000,000 [N=2] 8,950,000 [N=2] 28,000,000 [N=2] 30

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 529 537 508 650 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 

mg/L 919 1,380 690 736 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 2,490 2,830 1,800 1,960 Chloride (s) mL/L 125 95.0 125 145 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 51.8 28.5 51.3 40.7 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 52.0 85.0 62.0 50.0 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 0.0170 0.0160 0.0290 0.0370 Settleable Residue mL/L 20.0 51.0 39.0 ND(0.130) Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 7.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 Sulfate (s) mg/L 113 121 131 153 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-7 (Continued) 

4-49
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 4 

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 756 608 596 842 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 192 197 192 200 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 262 225 271 302 Total Phosphorus mg/L 23.1 24.2 20.9 23.3 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 650 1,110 635 560 Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 1,360 847 1,460 1,330 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 318 185 309 234 Boron, Total ug/L ND(18.0) ND(18.0) ND(18.0) 98.5 Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 0.380 0.220 0.520 0.380 Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 13,900 6,870 13,700 9,550 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 8.63 4.52 12.6 7.66 Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 384 372 542 468 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 1,190 820 1,560 1,220 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 7.85 7.94 10.7 10.1 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 4,130 2,760 4,150 4,100 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 68.8 44.1 58.7 65.7 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 0.240 0.190 0.220 0.190 Molybdenum, Total ug/L 2.43 ND(1.60) 2.08 1.82 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-7 (Continued) 

4-50
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 4 

Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 22.8 20.9 35.5 28.1 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 ND(1.40) ND(1.40) 2.85 2.70 Silver, Total ug/L P126 3.11 1.24 5.28 2.40 Sodium, Total (s) ug/L 81,500 61,900 88,100 103,000 Tin, Total ug/L 6.52 5.20 8.83 8.79 Titanium, Total ug/L 2.79 2.38 3.29 3.01 Vanadium, Total ug/L 1.50 0.540 1.64 1.63 Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 1,440 1,000 3,190 1,580 Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 235 310 244 408 Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) 2.78 Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 84.7 59.4 88.7 73.9 Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) Boron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 109 129 ND(18.0) ND(18.0) Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 5,770 3,080 5,170 4,480 Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 2.06 1.83 4.11 2.91 Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 5.78 9.36 5.46 13.7 Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 56.6 153 86.6 130 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 903 882 550 938 Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 1.41 3.22 2.50 3.12 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-7 (Continued) 

4-51
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 4 

Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 3,110 2,800 3,350 3,740 Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 64.7 62.5 33.0 86.4 Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) 0.0570 0.0550 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 21.1 29.1 27.3 28.1 Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 92,900 94,100 84,100 107,000 Tin, Dissolved ug/L 2.19 2.58 2.49 2.94 Titanium, Dissolved ug/L 0.840 0.960 ND(0.620) 0.670 Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L 0.560 0.560 0.490 0.760 Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 409 524 644 569 Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(11.0) ND(13.0) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 49.0 94.0 45.0 47.0 Chloroform (s) ug/L P023 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) Diethyl phthalate ug/L P070 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(11.0) ND(13.0) Phenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 95.0 67.0 60.0 100 Toluene ug/L P086 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) 6.00 7.00 Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCB-2 pg/L 17.5 NC NC NC PCB-6 pg/L 121 NC NC NC PCB-11 pg/L 1,900 NC NC NC 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-7 (Continued) 

4-52
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-11) (a) 

Day 4 

PCB-16 pg/L 367 NC NC NC PCB-17 pg/L 360 NC NC NC PCB-18+PCB-30 pg/L 704 NC NC NC PCB-20+PCB-28 pg/L 1,080 NC NC NC PCB-21+PCB-33 pg/L 603 NC NC NC PCB-22 pg/L 399 NC NC NC PCB-31 pg/L 891 NC NC NC PCB-44+PCB-47+PCB-65 pg/L 849 NC NC NC PCB-52 pg/L 654 NC NC NC PCB-61+PCB-70+PCB-74+PCB-76 pg/L 1,190 NC NC NC PCB-64 pg/L 279 NC NC NC PCB-129+PCB-138+PCB-160+PCB163 pg/L 958 NC NC NC PCB-153+PCB-168 pg/L 1,070 NC NC NC PCB-180+PCB-193 pg/L 620 NC NC NC Total Dichloro Biphenyls pg/L 2,020 NC NC NC Total Hexachloro Biphenyls pg/L 2,030 NC NC NC Total PCBs pg/L 11,400 NC NC NC Total Tetrachloro Biphenyls pg/L 2,970 NC NC NC Total Trichloro Biphenyls pg/L 4,400 NC NC NC 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with two grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resulteach 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=2]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-53
 

Table 4-8

Influent to Sewage/Graywater UV Disinfection Analytical Results, Holland America Ooste

Analytical results for the influent to UV disinfection part of the sewage/graywater wastewater treatment system. Influent to UV disinfecollected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample collection methodology. Figure 2-3 identifies saAverage influent to UV concentrations determined from the daily results. 

Analyte Unit 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW UV 

(SP-12) (a) 

Day 1 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW UV 

(SP-12) (a) 

Day 2 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW UV 

(SP-12) (a) 

Day 3 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW UV 

(SP-12) (a) 

Day 4 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW U

(SP-12) (a) 

Day 5 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL 13.9 [N=3] 22.2 [N=3] 141 [N=3] 192 [N=3] < 22.4 [N=3

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL 24.8 [N=3] 128 [N=3] > 1,120 [N=3] 408 [N=3] < 12.1 [N=3Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL 33.0 [N=3] 30.3 [N=3] 113 [N=3] 294 [N=3] 30.0 [N=3] 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample < - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Average result includes at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” because the sample was not diluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).

# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
4-54
 

Table 4-9 

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Analytical Results, Holland America Oo

Analytical results for the effluent from sewage/graywater treatment system for analytes detected at least once in wastewater samples du

See Appendices A-1and A-2 for all analytical results (detected and nondetected). Effluent from treatment system samples were collecte

hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for sample collection methodology. Figure 2-3 identifies sampling point location. Average effluconcentrations determined from the daily results. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identifie

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflue

Sewa

Tre

(SP-

D

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] < 5.0

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL < 1.00 [N=3] < 1.00 [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] < 62.Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.33) [N=3] ND(2.00) [N=3] ND(2.00) [N=3] ND(2.0

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 321 436 319 362 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 

mg/L 3.87 5.89 3.93 4.25 3

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 148 112 102 109 Chloride (s) mg/L 125 85.0 125 145 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 37.7 34.4 33.0 34.1 3Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L ND(6.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(6.00) NDNitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 0.0950 0.0160 0.0770 0.0323 0.Settleable Residue mL/L ND(0.115) ND(0.120) ND(0.130) ND(0.110) NDSilica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L ND(6.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(6.00) NDSulfate (s) mg/L 43.5 34.9 46.5 53.2 2Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mL/L 470 434 442 493 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-9 (Continued) 

4-55
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflue

Sewa

Tre

(SP-

D

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 4.13 83.2 68.6 72.4 6Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 45.4 36.0 42.2 30.2 3Total Phosphorus mg/L 23.7 14.4 11.1 10.7 1Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NDTotal and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 125 138 76.9 108 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDBarium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 77.2 73.8 76.8 75.9 6Boron, Total ug/L ND(18.0) ND(18.0) 158 116 Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 0.105 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 9,580 8,790 8,800 8,960 8Chromium, Total ug/L P119 0.750 0.530 1.92 1.75 1Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) NDCopper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 58.7 6.51 5.81 3.49 7Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 758 749 270 541 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 7.56 3.74 2.10 2.10 7Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 3,350 3,020 2,690 2,850 2Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 52.7 55.6 14.8 45.1 4Mercury, Total ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) NDNickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 24.7 28.6 25.2 30.1 3

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-9 (Continued) 

4-56
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflue

Sewa

Tre

(SP-

D

Selenium, Total ug/L P125 ND(1.40) ND(1.40) < 2.18 ND(1.40) NDSilver, Total ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) NDSodium, Total (s) ug/L 103,000 101,000 106,000 120,000 11Tin, Total ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) < 0.993 ND(0.940) NDTitanium, Total ug/L ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) NDVanadium, Total ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) NDZinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 905 568 363 720 1Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 113 116 78.4 116 Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDArsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) NDBarium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 70.1 64.7 74.2 80.1 8Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(

Boron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 137 114 ND(18.0) ND(18.0) NDCadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 < 0.105 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 8,690 7,920 8,170 9,330 10Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 1.32 1.24 1.35 1.43 2Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L ND(0.660) 1.60 < 1.46 1.93 3Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 53.9 6.33 4.67 3.60 1Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 781 736 274 507 1Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 6.92 5.08 1.71 2.03 7Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 3,050 2,710 2,580 3,000 3

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-9 (Continued) 

4-57
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 1 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 2 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 3 

Effluent from 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

(SP-13) (a) 

Day 4 

Efflue

Sewa

Tre

(SP-

D

Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 49.6 53.2 17.3 50.4 6Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 < 0.0555 ND(0.0500) < 0.0680 ND(0.0500) 0.Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 24.6 28.7 22.8 29.6 4Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) NDSodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 103,000 102,000 94,000 117,000 13Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) NDTitanium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) NDVanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) NDZinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 849 528 354 687 1Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(24.0) ND(22.0) NDBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(24.0) ND(22.0) NDChloroform (s) ug/L P023 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) NDDiethyl phthalate ug/L P070 ND(10.0) ND(10.0) ND(24.0) ND(22.0) NDPhenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 48.0 60.0 71.0 69.0 6Toluene ug/L P086 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-hour sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample (e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-58
 

Table 4-10

Sewage/Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Pathogen Indicators, Holland Ameri

Pathogen indicators performance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM sewage/graywater treatment system. Average analyte concentratithe daily results presented in Tables 4-7 through 4-9. Percent removals were calculated using the average influent to and effluent from concentrations. 

Analyte Unit 

Average Influent to 

Sewage/GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-11) (a) 

Average Influent to 

Sewage/GW UV 

Disinfection Concentration 

(SP-12) (a) 

Average Effluent from 

Sewage/GW Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-13) (a) 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli MPN/100 mL 8,480,000 <78.3 <1.81 

Enterococci MPN/100 mL 1,150,000 #338 <13.2 Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 26,900,000 100 ND(1.67) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result reported includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results.).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.# - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results) and at least one result flagged by the laboratory as “>” bdiluted sufficiently (see Appendix D).
Table 4-11 

4-59
 

Sewage/Graywater Treatment System: Performance Data for Analytes Other than Pathogen Indicators

Oosterdam

Performance data for the Oosterdam’s ROCHEM sewage/graywater Reverse Osmosis treatment system for analytes other than pathogen 

either the influent to or effluent from sewage/graywater treatment. Range and average analyte concentrations were determined from the Tables 4-7 and 4-9. Percent removals were calculated using the average sewage/graywater influent and effluent analyte concentrations(designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-11) (a) 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-11) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-13) (a) 

E

S

Conce

Classical Pollutants 

Alkalinity mg/L 558 508 - 650 355 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 888 690 - 1,380 4.22 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 2,220 1,800 - 2,830 119 Chloride (s) mg/L 127 95.0 - 145 124 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 43.3 28.5 - 51.8 34.3 Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) mg/L 59.4 48.0 - 85.0 ND(5.60) ND(5Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 0.0268 0.0160 - 0.0370 0.0559 0.0Settleable Residue mL/L <22.2 ND(0.130) - 51.0 ND(0.116) ND(0.Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) mg/L 7.00 6.00 - 8.00 ND(5.60) ND(5Sulfate (s) mg/L 123 96.5 - 153 40.6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 718 596 - 842 470 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 193 182 - 200 58.5 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 265 225 - 302 37.5 Total Phosphorus mg/L 24.7 20.9 - 31.8 14.6 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 727 560 - 1,110 ND(5.00) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-11 (Continued) 

4-60
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-11) (a) 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-11) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-13) (a) 

E

S

Conce

Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 1,330 847 - 1,630 112 Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 264 185 - 318 74.6 Boron, Total ug/L <54.7 ND(18.0) - 121 <88.3 NDCadmium, Total ug/L P118 0.394 0.220 - 0.520 <0.0850 ND(Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 11,000 6,870 - 13,900 8,920 8Chromium, Total ug/L P119 8.44 4.52 - 12.6 1.32 0Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 451 372 - 542 16.5 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 1,250 820 - 1,560 644 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 10.0 7.85 - 13.4 4.51 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 3,820 2,760 - 4,150 2,920 2Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 60.0 44.1 - 68.8 41.9 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 0.220 0.190 - 0.260 ND(0.0500) NMolybdenum, Total ug/L <1.91 ND(1.60) - 2.43 ND(1.60) Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 27.9 20.9 - 35.5 28.3 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 <2.27 ND(1.40) - 2.99 <1.56 NDSilver, Total ug/L P126 2.91 1.24 - 5.28 ND(0.770) Sodium, Total (s) ug/L 85,100 61,900 - 103,000 109,000 101Tin, Total ug/L 7.56 5.20 - 8.83 <0.951 ND(

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-11 (Continued) 

4-61
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-11) (a) 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-11) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-13) (a) 

E

S

Conce

Titanium, Total ug/L 3.02 2.38 - 3.63 ND(0.620) Vanadium, Total ug/L <1.16 ND(0.470) - 1.64 ND(0.470) Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 1,790 1,000 - 3,190 721 3Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 332 235 - 464 117 Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 <2.16 ND(2.00) - 2.78 ND(2.00) Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 81.3 59.4 - 100 75.5 Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) NBoron, Dissolved (e) ug/L <58.4 ND(18.0) - 129 <61.0 NDCadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) <0.0850 ND(0Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 4,970 3,080 - 6,360 9,000 7,Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 2.88 1.83 - 4.11 1.47 Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 11.5 5.46 - 23.3 <1.88 NDCopper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 110 56.6 - 153 15.8 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 901 550 - 1,230 685 2Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 2.56 1.41 - 3.22 4.74 Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 3,390 2,800 - 3,930 2,960 2Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 68.6 33.0 - 96.3 47.0 Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 <0.0524 ND(0.0500) - 0.0570 <0.0637 ND(0Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 27.8 21.1 - 33.3 29.4 Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
Table 4-11 (Continued) 

4-62
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Average Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-11) (a) 

Influent to 

Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration Range 

(SP-11) (a) 

Average Effluent 

from Sewage/GW 

Treatment 

Concentration 

(SP-13) (a) 

E

S

Conce

Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 96,800 84,100 - 107,000 110,000 94,Tin, Dissolved ug/L 2.54 2.19 - 2.94 ND(0.940) Titanium, Dissolved ug/L <0.786 ND(0.620) - 0.960 ND(0.620) Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L 0.620 0.490 - 0.760 ND(0.470) Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 521 409 - 644 755 3Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(11.2) ND(10.0) - ND(13.0) ND(17.4) ND(1Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 56.4 45.0 - 94.0 ND(17.4) ND(1Chloroform (s) ug/L P023 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) Diethyl phthalate ug/L P070 ND(11.2) ND(10.0) - ND(13.0) ND(17.4) ND(1Phenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 94.4 60.0 - 150 63.4 Toluene ug/L P086 <6.00 ND(5.00) - 7.00 ND(5.00) 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. (s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Percent removal not calculated because the effluent concentration was greater than the influent concentration, or the analyte was not detected in the influent sampleND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).> - Indicates a minimum level of removal.
4-63
 

Table 4-12 

Final Combined Treated Effluent, Holland America Oosterdam 

Analytical results for the final combined treated effluent (graywater and sewage/graywater treatment effluents combined for overboard detected at least once in wastewater samples during the sampling episode. See Appendices A-1 and A-2 for all analytical results (detec

Final combined treated effluent samples were collected for five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods; see Section 3.2 for the sample coAverage final combined effluent concentrations determined from the daily results. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in CFR Part 4

identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 1 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 2 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 3 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 4 

Final Co

Disch

(SP-1

Da

Pathogen Indicators E. coli (b) MPN/100 mL < 25.3 [N=2] < 3.43 [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00

Enterococci (b) MPN/100 mL 6.45 [N=2] < 1.00 [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] ND(1.00) [N=3] < 1.00 Fecal Coliform (b) CFU/100 mL ND(1.00) [N=2] < 1.67 [N=3] ND(2.00) [N=3] < 2.00 [N=3] ND(2.00

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 161 146 138 98.4 15Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 

mg/L 17.5 19.8 17.0 18.9 15

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) 

mg/L 129 74.0 80.0 75.0 86

Chloride (s) mg/L 595 75.0 75.0 475 45Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 114 24.3 20.1 113 18Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 

mg/L ND(6.00) ND(5.00) ND(6.00) ND(6.00) ND(6

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) 

mg/L 0.0630 0.0790 0.0690 0.0170 0.05

Settleable Residue mL/L ND(0.110) ND(0.100) ND(0.110) ND(0.110) ND(0Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) 

mg/L ND(6.00) ND(5.00) ND(6.00) ND(6.00) ND(6

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-12 (Continued) 

4-64
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 1 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 2 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 3 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 4 

Final Co

Disch

(SP-1

Da

Sulfate (s) mg/L 89.2 16.6 20.0 68.4 23Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 

mg/L 1,190 256 259 998 25

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) 

mg/L 2.94 22.0 0.840 0.460 31

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) 

mg/L 21.7 20.7 19.5 12.6 21

Total Phosphorus mg/L 3.61 4.06 31.6 2.82 6.Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 

mg/L ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5

Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L ND(8.80) ND(8.80) 27.6 30.5 66Arsenic, Total ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 48.7 30.1 29.9 18.8 42Boron, Total ug/L 159 ND(18.0) 88.8 146 10Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 10,400 3,770 3,580 8,470 4,1Chromium, Total ug/L P119 ND(0.270) ND(0.270) 0.810 0.340 0.9Cobalt, Total ug/L ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0.660) ND(0Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 8.59 6.14 6.62 4.33 15Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 332 284 194 114 52Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 ND(0.620) ND(0.620) 1.30 ND(0.620) 3.9Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 21,300 3,620 2,710 22,400 2,0Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 22.4 19.8 8.22 7.32 21

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-12 (Continued) 

4-65
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 1 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 2 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 3 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 4 

Final Co

Disch

(SP-1

Da

Mercury, Total ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) 0.0510 0.05Molybdenum, Total ug/L ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(1.60) ND(Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 10.4 9.88 12.3 6.76 17Selenium, Total ug/L P125 ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(1.40) ND(Silver, Total ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0Sodium, Total (s) ug/L 196,000 61,800 61,100 219,000 64,9Tin, Total ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0Titanium, Total ug/L ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0Vanadium, Total ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 454 335 295 326 66Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L ND(8.80) ND(8.80) ND(8.80) ND(8.80) 73Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2.00) ND(2Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 44.9 28.3 30.3 22.7 41Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0.0700) ND(0Boron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 204 93.6 135 181 ND(Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.0800) ND(0.Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 12,700 3,760 3,830 9,910 4,2Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 0.360 0.390 0.440 0.280 0.2Cobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L ND(0.660) 1.13 1.67 2.47 1.Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 4.90 5.77 6.17 2.03 10Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 292 296 167 82.9 41

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-12 (Continued) 

4-66
 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 1 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 2 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 3 

Final Combined 

Discharge 

(SP-16) (a) 

Day 4 

Final Co

Disch

(SP-1

Da

Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 1.72 1.05 0.770 ND(0.620) 2.4Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 30,500 3,650 2,940 26,900 2,0Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 21.4 22.2 11.3 12.3 24Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) ND(0.0500) 0.0720 0.1Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 10.8 11.8 12.0 7.72 16Silver, Dissolved ug/L P126 ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0.770) ND(0Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 283,000 68,700 62,000 246,000 61,2Tin, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0.940) ND(0Titanium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0.620) ND(0Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0.470) ND(0Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 322 299 284 222 57Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 ND(10.0) ND(20.0) ND(22.0) ND(22.0) ND(2Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 ND(10.0) ND(20.0) ND(22.0) ND(22.0) ND(2Chloroform (s) ug/L P023 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5Diethyl phthalate ug/L P070 ND(10.0) ND(20.0) ND(22.0) ND(22.0) ND(2Phenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 66.0 40.0 72.0 49.0 38Toluene ug/L P086 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(b) Samples for pathogen indicator analyses were collected as grab samples for individual analysis, with three grab samples collected per 24-hour sampling period. Resu

each 24-sampling period, followed by an indication of the number of results included in the average (e.g., [N=3]). See Appendix A-1 for all individual grab sample resul(e) Analyte detected at some level in the equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2. and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
4-67
 

Table 4-13 

Treatment System Residuals and Incinerator Ash Analytical Results, Holland America Oost

Analytical results for one-time grab samples of treatment system residuals (i.e., graywater screening solids, sewage/graywater screening sewage/graywater waste biosludge) and incinerator ash for analytes detected at least once in these samples. See Appendix A-2 for all aand nondetected). Figures 2-2 and 2-3 identify sampling point locations. See Table 3-2 for sample collection methodology. Also showconcentrations for the influents to the graywater and sewage/graywater treatment concentrations from Tables 4-2 and 4-7 for comparisosystem residual results were converted from mass to volume units; see Section 3.3. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Pidentified where applicable. 

Analyte 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code

 Incinerator Ash 

(SP-10) (a) 

Graywater 

Screening Solids 

(SP-15) (a) 

Average Influent 

to GW Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Sewage/GW 

Screening Solids 

(SP-16) (a) 

Sewage/GW 

Biosludge 

(SP-21) (a) 

Classical Pollutants 

Alkalinity NC 1,130 mg/L 43.5 mg/L ND(1,000) mg/L ND(1,000) mg/L Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) NC 15,200 mg/L 405 mg/L 2,390 mg/L 332 mg/L Chloride (s) NC 79.8 mg/L 18.6 mg/L 97.4 mg/L 251 mg/L Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) NC 2.20 mg/L 0.0360 mg/L 1.41 mg/L 8.33 mg/L Sulfate (s) NC 486 mg/L 10.8 mg/L 498 mg/L 1,600 mg/L Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) NC 733 mg/L 9.08 mg/L 9.87 mg/L 1,260 mg/L Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) NC 9,960 mg/L 53.4 mg/L 756 mg/L 4,060 mg/L Total Phosphorus NC 53.0 mg/L 1.70 mg/L 15.8 mg/L 192 mg/L Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total 43,500 mg/kg 131,000 ug/L 744 ug/L 3,590 ug/L 22,400 ug/L Antimony, Total P114 6.92 mg/kg 260 ug/L ND(2.00) ug/L ND(0.00630) ug/L ND(0.00420) ugArsenic, Total P115 4.37 mg/kg ND(0.0771) ug/L ND(2.00) ug/L 9.87 ug/L 5.60 ug/L Barium, Total (s) 427 mg/kg 49,600 ug/L 135 ug/L 1,010 ug/L 3,790 ug/L Beryllium, Total P117 0.350 mg/kg ND(0.00257) ug/L ND(0.0700) ug/L ND(0.000210) 

ug/L 

ND(0.000140) ug

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-13 (Continued) 

4-68
 

Analyte 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code

 Incinerator Ash 

(SP-10) (a) 

Graywater 

Screening Solids 

(SP-15) (a) 

Average Influent 

to GW Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Sewage/GW 

Screening Solids 

(SP-16) (a) 

Sewage/GW 

Biosludge 

(SP-21) (a) 

Boron, Total 324 mg/kg ND(0.118) ug/L <29.3 ug/L 676 ug/L 626 ug/L Cadmium, Total P118 0.330 mg/kg 23.9 ug/L ND(0.0800) ug/L 2.52 ug/L 7.00 ug/L Calcium, Total (s) 179,000 mg/kg 568,000 ug/L 1,680 ug/L 44,300 ug/L 103,000 ug/L Chromium, Total P119 71.7 mg/kg 3,060 ug/L 5.25 ug/L 134 ug/L 253 ug/L Cobalt, Total 18.2 mg/kg ND(0.0103) ug/L ND(0.660) ug/L ND(0.000840) 

ug/L 

ND(0.000560) ug

Copper, Total (s) P120 920 mg/kg 33,200 ug/L 213 ug/L 1,090 ug/L 6,900 ug/L Iron, Total (s) 8,530 mg/kg 272,000 ug/L 374 ug/L 4,310 ug/L 13,800 ug/L Lead, Total (s) P122 14.2 mg/kg 1,600 ug/L 7.38 ug/L 3.19 ug/L 153 ug/L Magnesium, Total (s) 8,900 mg/kg 37,500 ug/L 471 ug/L 6,740 ug/L 32,800 ug/L Manganese, Total (s) 450 mg/kg 1,720 ug/L 7.85 ug/L 170 ug/L 554 ug/L Mercury, Total P123 ND(0.0200) mg/kg 8,740 ug/L <0.0580 ug/L ND(0.000420) 

ug/L 

3.50 ug/L 

Molybdenum, Total 15.5 mg/kg 414 ug/L ND(1.60) ug/L 20.6 ug/L 55.9 ug/L Nickel, Total (s) P124 97.4 mg/kg 3,340 ug/L 17.1 ug/L 101 ug/L 192 ug/L Selenium, Total P125 ND(0.230) mg/kg 170 ug/L ND(1.40) ug/L 7.35 ug/L 37.5 ug/L Silver, Total P126 18.0 mg/kg 1,430 ug/L <1.37 ug/L 12.4 ug/L 55.4 ug/L Sodium, Total (s) 30,800 mg/kg 504,000 ug/L 21,300 ug/L 125,000 ug/L 137,000 ug/L Tin, Total 29.3 mg/kg ND(0.0925) ug/L <2.46 ug/L 288 ug/L 339 ug/L Titanium, Total 2,660 mg/kg 1,370 ug/L 2.04 ug/L ND(0.0298) ug/L 153 ug/L Vanadium, Total 96.6 mg/kg 910 ug/L <0.696 ug/L 8.40 ug/L 32.8 ug/L Yttrium, Total 2.73 mg/kg ND(0.0154) ug/L ND(0.310) ug/L ND(0.00126) ug/L 1.11 ug/L Zinc, Total (e) (s) P128 572 mg/kg 177,000 ug/L 791 ug/L 4,050 ug/L 21,400 ug/L 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-13 (Continued) 

4-69
 

Analyte 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code

 Incinerator Ash 

(SP-10) (a) 

Graywater 

Screening Solids 

(SP-15) (a) 

Average Influent 

to GW Treatment 

(SP-6) (a) 

Sewage/GW 

Screening Solids 

(SP-16) (a) 

Sewage/GW 

Biosludge 

(SP-21) (a) 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate P066 ND(170) ug/kg 20,100 ug/L <15.0 ug/L ND(168) ug/L 59.0 ug/L Chloroform (s) P023 NC 5.74 ug/L ND(5.00) ug/L ND(4.92) ug/L ND(0.0700) ug/Ethylbenzene P038 NC 13.1 ug/L ND(5.00) ug/L ND(4.92) ug/L ND(0.0700) ug/Phenol (e) (s) P065 250 ug/kg ND(8,370) ug/L 49.4 ug/L ND(168) ug/L 380 ug/L Toluene P086 NC 19.1 ug/L <5.20 ug/L 21.7 ug/L ND(0.0700) ug/Dioxins and Furans 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF 6.00 pg/g NC NC NC NC 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF 5.20 pg/g NC NC NC NC 2,3,7,8-TCDF 5.70 pg/g NC NC NC NC Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 12.5 pg/g NC NC NC NC 

(a) Sampling point location; see Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3.(s) Analyte detected at some level in the source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.

NC - Not collected.

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 4-14
 

Source Water Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam
 

Analytical results for one-time grab sample of source water for detected analytes. See Appendix A-2 for all 

analytical results (detected and nondetected). Also shown are Federal drinking water standards for comparison. 

Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Source Water 

(SP-17) (a) 

Day 2 

Federal Drinking 

Water Standards 

(b) 

Classical Pollutants 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/L 28.0 

Chloride mg/L 4.40 250 

Hardness mg/L 2.91 

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) mg/L 0.0160 10 (Nitrate) 

1 (Nitrite) 

Sulfate mg/L 13.9 250 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) mg/L 0.320 

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) mg/L 1.05 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Barium, Total ug/L 185 2,000 

Calcium, Total ug/L 1,000 

Copper, Total ug/L P120 193 1,300 

Iron, Total ug/L 118 300 

Lead, Total ug/L P122 42.8 0 

Magnesium, Total ug/L 96.8 

Manganese, Total ug/L 2.67 50 

Nickel, Total ug/L P124 66.0 

Sodium, Total ug/L 6,640 

Zinc, Total ug/L P128 1,140 5,000 

Barium, Dissolved ug/L 181 

Calcium, Dissolved ug/L 912 

Cobalt, Dissolved ug/L 2.30 

Copper, Dissolved ug/L P120 14.0 

Lead, Dissolved ug/L P122 0.790 

(a) Sampling point number; see Table 2-1. 

(b) 40 CFR 141.62 National Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for Inorganic Contaminants (nitrate/nitrite, barium); 40 CFR 141.51 

National Primary Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Inorganic Contaminants (copper, lead); and 40 CFR 143.3 Secondary Maximum 

Contaminant Levels (chloride, sulfate, iron, manganese, zinc). 

4-70 
Table 4-14 (Continued) 

Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code 

Source Water 

(SP-17) (a) 

Day 2 

Federal Drinking 

Water Standards 

(b) 

Magnesium, Dissolved ug/L 92.9 

Manganese, Dissolved ug/L 4.09 

Nickel, Dissolved ug/L P124 3.62 

Sodium, Dissolved ug/L 3,880 

Zinc, Dissolved ug/L P128 24.9 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 

Chloroform ug/L P023 24.0 

Phenol ug/L P065 58.0 

(a) Sampling point number; see Table 2-1. 

(b) 40 CFR 141.62 National Primary Maximum Contaminant Levels for Inorganic Contaminants (nitrate/nitrite, barium); 40 CFR 141.51 

National Primary Maximum Contaminant Level Goals for Inorganic Contaminants (copper, lead); and 40 CFR 143.3 Secondary Maximum 

Contaminant Levels (chloride, sulfate, iron, manganese, zinc). 

4-71 
4-72
 

Table 4-15

Flow Data by Sampling Period, Holland America Oosterdam

Flow data collected via strap-on ultrasonic flow meters installed by the sampling team. Figures 2-1 through 2-3 show the flow meter locations. 

dividing the daily flow totals by the number of passengers and crew (2,625 people) onboard the Oosterdam during the sampling episode. Daily ffor accommodations because accommodations wastewater flows were measured for only one of six accommodations wastewater holding tanks. 

Sampling 

Period 

Total Daily Flow (m3) 

Accommodations

 (SP-1)(a) 

Influent to Graywater 

Treatment System 

(SP-6)(a) 

Effluent from Graywater 

Treatment System (SP-8)(a) 

Influent to Sewage/Graywater 

Treatment System (SP-11)(a) 

Effluent from Sewage/Gray

Treatment 

(SP-13)(a) 

 Daily Total Flow, 

gallons/day 

(m3/day)

 Daily Total 

Flow, 

gallons/day 

(m3/day) 

Daily Flow 

Per Capita 

gallons/ 

day/person 

(m3/day/ 

person)

 Daily Total 

Flow, 

gallons/day 

(m3/day) 

Daily Flow Per 

Capita gallons/ 

day/person 

(m3/day/person)

 Daily Total 

Flow, 

gallons/day 

(m3/day) 

Daily Flow Per 

Capita gallons/ 

day/person 

(m3/day/person)

 Daily Total 

Flow, 

gallons/day 

(m3/day) 

Daily Flow 

Capita ga

day/per

(m3/day/pe

Day 1 4,040 (15.3) 75,700 (287) 28.8 (0.109) 43,600 (165) 16.6 (0.0629) 65,700 (249) 25.0 (0.0947) 43,900 (166) 16.7 (0.0Day 2 5,190 (19.7) 84,300 (319) 32.1 (0.122) 61,000 (231) 23.2 (0.0880) 66,400 (251) 25.3 (0.0957) 44,200 (167) 16.9 (0.0

Day 3 1,830 (6.92) 78,500 (297) 29.9 (0.113) 56,000 (212) 21.3 (0.0808) 62,500 (237) 23.8 (0.0902) 41,600 (158) 15.9 (0.0

Day 4 2,600 (9.84) 78,100 (296) 29.8 (0.113) NR NC 53,100 (201) 20.2 (0.0766) 36,500 (138) 13.9 (0.0

Day 5 4,230 (16.0) 88,900 (337) 33.9 (0.128) NR NC 52,700 (200) 20.1 (0.0760) 40,600 (154) 15.5 (0.0

Average 3,580 (13.5) 81,000 (307) 30.9 (0.117) 53,600 (203) 20.4 (0.0774) 60,100 (227) 22.9 (0.0867) 41,400 (157) 15.8 (0.0

(a) Sampling point number; see Figures 2-1 through 2-3.(b) Average daily discharge flow rate for final combined treated effluent excludes data from Day 1 and 4 when the Oosterdam suspended discharge while in Washington waters and 

NC - Not calculated.NR - Not recorded, see Section 4.3.
0 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

600 

Day 1 Seattle, WA Day 2 Inside 

Passage 

Day 3 Juneau, AK Day 4 Hubbard 

Glacier 

Day 5 Sitka, AK 

Sampling Period 

T

otal Flo

w p

er Day (

c

u m/day) 

Accommodations Wastew ater Influent to Grayw ater Treatment System 

Effluent from Grayw ater Treatment System Influent to Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System 

Effluent from Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System Final Combined Treated Effluent 

Figure 4-1. Total Daily Flow, Holland America Oosterdam 

Flow data collected via strap-on ultrasonic flow meters installed by the sampling team. Flow data are presented as 

daily totals for each location. Figures 2-1 through 2-3 show the flow meter locations. 

4-73
 
0 

2 

4 

6 

8 

10 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

600800

1000120014001600180020002200

0

200400 

Time of Day 

H

ourly Flow (

cu m/h

o

ur) 

Effluent from Grayw ater Treatment System 

Figure 4-2. Average Hourly Graywater Treatment System Flow, Holland America
 

Oosterdam
 

Average effluent flow for each hour interval over the three consecutive 24-hour sampling periods, calculated and 

plotted from the strap-on flow meter installed by the sampling team. Figure 2-2 shows the flow meter location. Bars 

represent the standard error of the hourly flow calculated for the three consecutive sampling days. Standard error is 

calculated as the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of hourly flow measurements (three). 

4-74
 
0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

600800

1000120014001600180020002200

0

200400 

Time of Day 

H

ourly Flow (

cu m) 

Effluent from Sew age/Grayw ater Treatment System 

Figure 4-3. Average Hourly Sewage/Graywater Treatment System Flow, Holland America 

Oosterdam 

Average effluent flow for each hour interval over the five consecutive 24-hour sampling periods, calculated and 

plotted from the strap-on flow meter installed by the sampling team. Figure 2-1 shows the flow meter location. Bars 

represent the standard error of the hourly flow calculated for the five consecutive sampling days. Standard error is 

calculated as the standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of hourly flow measurements (five). 

4-75
 
5.0 DATA QUALITY 

Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures applicable to the 

Oosterdam sampling episode are outlined in the Quality Assurance Project Plan for Rulemaking 

Support for Large Cruise Ships in Alaska Waters (QAPP), which is included in the Cruise Ship 

Rulemaking Record and is available upon request. This section describes the quality control 

practices used to assess the precision and accuracy of the analytical data presented in Section 

4.0. Quality control (QC) practices used for this sampling episode include the analysis of matrix 

spikes, duplicate samples, and quality control standard checks. 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control 

EPA verified that laboratory performance was acceptable by conducting quality 

checks of the analytical data as specified by the QAPP. Data review chemists prepared written 

data review narratives (Appendix D) describing any qualifications of the analytical data. The 

following data were not considered to be of acceptable quality for the reasons discussed in 

Appendix D and were excluded from the data set: 

C Three pathogen indicators: 

— E. coli, enterococci, and fecal coliform in sample 65861. 

C Three volatile and semivolatile organics: 

— 2-chloroethylvinyl ether in samples 65876 and 65960; and 

— 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and 4-nitrophenol in sample 65960. 

5-1
 
5.1.1 Cyanide Results 

There was uncertainty regarding the analytical results for available and total 

cyanide. Although the data have not been excluded from the database, the results are presented 

in Table 5-1 and not in the analytical results summary tables in Section 4.1. Available cyanide 

was detected in many samples, while total cyanide was not detected in these samples. In theory, 

the total cyanide results for any given sample will be greater than the available cyanide results in 

the same sample. Because it was not possible to determine which analysis was correct, EPA 

flagged the irreconcilable results in the database to alert users of the presence of such problems 

(see memoranda Data Review Narrative for Classical Analyses for the Alaska Cruise Ship 

Industry Episode 6053 and Issues Associated with Results for Total Cyanide Versus Available 

Cyanide in Appendix D for a complete discussion). 

EPA did not identify any known source of cyanide onboard the Oosterdam during 

its onboard interviews regarding activities that impact wastewater generation. 

5.1.2 Ammonia Results 

EPA considers the Oosterdam ammonia data to be anomalous because ammonia 

was either not detected or detected at very low concentrations in all samples of the influent to 

and effluent from treatment system. Although these data have not been excluded from the 

database, the results are presented in Table 5-2 and not in the analytical results summary tables 

in Section 4.1. Ammonia is produced within humans when proteins are digested and used by the 

body, and excess ammonia is excreted in urine. Therefore, ammonia is expected to be present in 

combined cruise vessel graywater and sewage. In general, 2004 compliance testing data 

provided by the U.S. Coast Guard (a total of 25 data points) for treated cruise ship wastewater 

showed ammonia concentrations generally ranging from 4 mg/L to 110 mg/L, with an average 

concentration of 31 mg/L; none of the ammonia concentrations were reported as nondetect. 

It is important to note that EPA’s review of the ammonia data for all four 

sampling episodes did not reveal any obvious errors. The quality control results from each 

5-2
 
laboratory support the results provided and do not suggest any pervasive problems with the 

analyses (i.e., matrix spike recoveries and ongoing precision and recovery results were well 

within the acceptance limits, blanks were free of ammonia at the levels of interest). The 

Veendam and the Island ammonia were analyzed by a different laboratory than the Star and the 

Oosterdam ammonia samples. 

EPA considers ammonia to be a critical analyte in characterizing graywater and 

sewage generation and treatment onboard cruise vessels. Accordingly, EPA believed it was 

necessary to collect additional ammonia data to better assess this analyte in cruise ship 

wastewater. During the 2005 cruise season, EPA conducted a supplementary sampling program 

to collect samples of the influents to and effluents from the treatment systems onboard the same 

four ships that were sampled in 2004. Five sets of samples were collected from each ship and 

analyzed for nitrogen compounds (ammonia, TKN, and nitrate/nitrite). Samples were also 

analyzed for chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids to benchmark these classical 

pollutant concentrations to those measured during the 2004 cruise season. The 2005 sampling 

activities, including the analytical results, will be described in a separate sampling episode 

report. 

5.2 Field Quality Control 

The trip blank, equipment blank, and field duplicate sample results are the field 

QA/QC measures discussed in this subsection. Section 3.8 of the Oosterdam SAP discusses field 

QC specifications. Tables presented in this section include results for only those analytes 

detected in the field QC samples during the sampling episode. Appendix A-1 and A-2 contain 

the results for all analytes, both detected and nondetected. 

5.2.1 Trip Blank 

A trip blank was collected and analyzed for volatile organics to evaluate possible 

contamination during shipment and handling of samples. This sample consisted of high 

performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) water. The trip blank was prepared prior to the 

5-3
 
start of the sampling episode, and accompanied samples shipped to the laboratory on September 

22, 2004. 

No volatile organics were detected in the trip blank, indicating that there was no 

contamination of samples during transport, field handling, storage, or shipping. A table with the 

results of the analyses in this section of the report was not included, because all results are 

nondetects. 

5.2.2 Equipment Blank 

The sampling team collected an equipment blank to assess the potential 

introduction of contaminants by sample collection equipment. The sample collection equipment 

used to collect the equipment blank was the same as that used at the sampling points: 

approximately 4 feet of Teflon® tubing connected on one end to a series of metal plumbing 

fixtures installed on each sample port, and the other end to a small segment of silicone tubing 

used in the peristaltic pump mechanism of the automatic sampler. The equipment blank was 

collected by pumping HPLC water through this equipment directly into sample bottles. 

Table 5-3 presents the detected results for the equipment blank. Seven total 

metals, 6 dissolved metals, and one organic were detected in the equipment blank. Table 5-3 

also includes a value for hardness (a classical analyte), which is calculated based on the total 

magnesium and calcium concentrations detected in the sample using Standard Method 2340B. 

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, all 15 of these analytes are flagged with 

an “(e)” to indicate they were detected in the equipment blank. EPA will consider the impact of 

possible contamination from sampling equipment in a future analysis. 

5.2.3 Field Duplicates 

Field duplicate samples were collected to assess the precision of the entire sample 

collection, handling, preparation, and analysis process. The relative percent difference (RPD) 

between the two duplicate sample results is calculated and compared to the data quality 

5-4
 
objective. For this program, the QAPP provides an RPD target for field duplicate samples as 

less than 30% for all analytes of a specific analytical method. 

Classical Pollutants, Total and Dissolved Metals, and Semivolatile Organics 

For classical pollutants, total and dissolved metals, and semivolatile organics, 

field duplicate samples were samples collected from the same source, at the same time, then 

stored and analyzed independently. The duplicate samples were collected as split samples 

poured from the same mixed sample composite jars to minimize sample wastestream variability. 

Duplicate samples for these analytes were collected from the effluents from the graywater 

treatment system (SP-8/9) and sewage/graywater treatment (SP-13/14). Note that duplicate 

samples for dioxins and furans, and pesticide analytes were collected during a previous sampling 

episode, and duplicate samples for HEM and SGT-HEM were not planned for this sampling 

program. 

Table 5-4 presents analytical results and the RPDs for these duplicate samples and 

includes analytical results for only those analytes that were detected at least once in wastewater 

samples during the sampling episode. 

There was excellent precision in sampling and analysis for this sampling episode. 

Of the 207 duplicate pairs listed in Table 5-4, 188 either achieved the RPD target, or the RPD 

could not be calculated because both of the duplicate samples were less than the reporting limit. 

The RPD could not be calculated for 12 of the duplicate pairs because the analyte was detected 

in one sample but not the other. Analytical variability increases as analyte concentrations 

approach their detection limits. The seven duplicate pairs with an RPD outside of the target (i.e., 

$30% difference) include hardness, nitrate/nitrite (2 pairs), total manganese, phenol, and sulfate 

(2 pairs). These results are not uncommon in complex wastewater samples. 

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, duplicate sample results 

are presented as averages (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 

5-5
 
Pathogen Indicators and Volatile Organics 

For pathogen indicators and volatile organics, field duplicate samples were 

collected sequentially and not as split samples as was done for the other analytes. For these 

samples, this methodology introduced sample wastestream variability into the assessment of the 

precision of sample collection and analysis. Duplicate samples for these analytes were collected 

from the effluent from the two treatment systems (SP-8/9 and SP-13/14). Table 5-5 presents 

analytical results and the RPDs for these duplicate samples. RPDs could not be calculated for 34 

of the 36 duplicate pairs listed in Table 5-5 because both of the duplicate samples were less than 

the reporting limit. For the remaining two duplicate pairs (both fecal coliform in the effluent 

from the graywater treatment system), one achieved the QAPP-specified target (i.e., <30% 

difference) and one did not. Analytical variability increases as analyte concentrations approach 

their detection limits. 

In tables presenting the analytical results in Section 4.1, duplicate sample results 

are presented as averages (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). In the case 

of pathogen indicators, average daily results presented incorporate both duplicate grab samples 

and multiple grab samples collected for individual analysis during each 24-hour sampling period. 

First, duplicate results, where applicable, were averaged to determine the average individual grab 

sample results for each day (e.g., grab 1 duplicate sample results for Day 3 were averaged 

together to represent the average grab 1 sample result for Day 3). Next, the individual grab 

sample results for each day were averaged to calculate the average daily pathogen indicators 

results presented in the tables (e.g., grab sample results 1 through 3 for Day 3 were averaged 

together to calculate the average Day 3 pathogen indicators sample results). In this way, the 

average daily pathogen indicators results presented in the tables are weighted equally by time of 

day, rather than weighted more heavily by the particular time of day when duplicate grab 

samples were collected. 

5-6
 
Table 5-1
 

Available and Total Cyanide Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam
 

Available and total cyanide analytical results are irreconcilable; see Section 5.1.1. 

Waste Stream Available Cyanide (ug/L) Total Cyanide (mg/L) 

Accommodations (SP-1) 4.20 ND(0.00500) 

Laundry (SP-2) 11.6 0.00700 

Galley (SP-3) ND(2.00) ND(0.00500) 

Food Pulper, Centrifuge System (SP-5) 0.0534 ND(0.249) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 1 3.91 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 2 2.84 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 3 3.18 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 4 3.35 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 5 2.21 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 1 3.49 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 2 2.31 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 3 7.55 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 4 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 5 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 1 45.5 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 2 36.2 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 3 75.6 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 4 72.2 ND(0.00500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 5 76.5 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 1 < 3.04 < 0.00550 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 2 4.41 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 3 3.49 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 4 3.22 ND(0.00500) 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 5 3.34 ND(0.00500) 

Graywater Screening Solids (SP-15) 0.474 ND(0.250) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 1 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 2 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 3 7.60 ND(0.00500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 4 ND(2.00) ND(0.00500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 5 9.00 ND(0.00500) 

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 

5-7 
Table 5-1 (Continued) 

Waste Stream Available Cyanide (ug/L) Total Cyanide (mg/L) 

Sewage/GW Screening Solids (SP-20) 9.20 ND(0.250) 

Sewage/GW Waste Biosludge (SP-21) 493 ND(0.251) 

Source Water (SP-17) ND(2.00) ND(0.00500) 

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 

5-8 
Table 5-2 

Ammonia Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam 

Ammonia analytical results are anomalous; see Section 5.1.2 

Waste Stream Ammonia as Nitrogen (mg/L) 

Accommodations (SP-1) ND(0.0500) 

Laundry (SP-2) ND(0.0500) 

Galley (SP-3) ND(0.0500) 

Food Pulper, Centrifuge System (SP-5) 5.96 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 1 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 2 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 3 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 4 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to GW Treatment (SP-6), Day 5 ND(0.0500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 1 ND(0.0500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 2 ND(0.0500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 3 ND(0.0500) 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 4 < 0.0900 

Effluent from GW Treatment (SP-8), Day 5 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 1 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 2 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 3 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 4 ND(0.0500) 

Influent to Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-11), Day 5 ND(0.0500) 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 1 2.49 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 2 0.160 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 3 0.0800 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 4 < 0.0700 

Effluent from Sewage/GW Treatment (SP-13), Day 5 ND(0.0500) 

Graywater Screening Solids (SP-15) 148 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 1 ND(0.0500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 2 ND(0.0500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 3 ND(0.0500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 4 ND(0.0500) 

Final Combined Discharge (SP-16), Day 5 ND(0.0500) 

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 

5-9 
Table 5-2 (Continued) 

Waste Stream Ammonia as Nitrogen (mg/L) 

Sewage/GW Screening Solids (SP-20) 7.33 

Sewage/GW Waste Biosludge (SP-21) 136 

Source Water (SP-17) ND(0.0500) 

ND - Not detected (number in parentheses is detection limit). 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 

5-10 
Table 5-3
 

Equipment Blank Analytical Results, Holland America Oosterdam
 

Analytical results for analytes detected in the equipment blank. See Appendix A-2 for all analytical results (detected 

and nondetected). The equipment blank was collected as a one-time grab sample. Priority pollutants (designated by 

EPA in 40 CFR Part 423, Appendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Analyte Unit 

Priority Pollutant 

Code 

Equipment Blank 

(SP-19) 

Classical Pollutants 

Hardness mg/L 0.300 

Total and Dissolved Metals 

Barium, Total ug/L 18.9 

Calcium, Total ug/L 119 

Copper, Total ug/L P120 3.41 

Iron, Total ug/L 30.2 

Lead, Total ug/L P122 12.6 

Manganese, Total ug/L 0.720 

Zinc, Total ug/L P128 13.3 

Barium, Dissolved ug/L 0.390 

Boron, Dissolved ug/L 24.3 

Cadmium, Dissolved ug/L P118 0.210 

Iron, Dissolved ug/L 15.2 

Lead, Dissolved ug/L P122 16.6 

Sodium, Dissolved ug/L 83.9 

Volatile and Semivolatile Organics 

Phenol ug/L P065 48.0 

5-11
 
Table 5-4 

5-12
 

Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Classical Pollutants, Total and Dissolved Metals, and Semivolatile 

America Oosterdam 

Field duplicate analytical results for classical pollutants, total and dissolved metals, and semivolatile organics, detected at least once in during the sampling episode. See Appendix A-2 for all field duplicate analytical results (detected and nondetected). Field duplicate sam

are split samples collected from the same source, at the same time, stored and analyzed independently. See Figures 2-2 and 2-3 for samAlso listed are the average result and relative percent difference calculated for each duplicate pair. Priority pollutants (designated by EPAppendix A) are identified where applicable. 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Graywater Treatment (SP-8/9) (b) 

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 65860 65880 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NAmmonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) mg/L 65864 65884 ND (0.0500) 0.130 < Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) mg/L 65868 65888 ND (0.0500) ND (0.0500) ND Available Cyanide ug/L 65852 65872 3.57 3.33 Available Cyanide ug/L 65860 65880 7.48 7.68 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 65856 65876 25.9 29.4 

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 65864 65884 23.9 22.5 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 65864 65884 48.0 53.0 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 65868 65888 77.0 81.0 Chloride (s) mg/L 65860 65880 17.0 17.0 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 65860 65880 0.440 0.290 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-13
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Graywater Treatment (SP-8/9) (cont.) (b) 

Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 65864 65884 0.0380 0.0160 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 65868 65888 0.0160 0.0380 Settleable Residue mL/L 65868 65888 ND (0.110) ND (0.100) NSulfate (s) mg/L 65860 65880 4.17 4.17 Total Cyanide mg/L P121 65852 65872 ND (0.00500) ND (0.00500) ND Total Cyanide mg/L P121 65860 65880 ND (0.00500) ND (0.00500) ND Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 65860 65880 52.0 56.0 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 65864 65884 6.49 6.99 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 65868 65888 3.38 3.33 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 65864 65884 13.3 13.4 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 65868 65888 20.4 21.5 Total Phosphorus mg/L 65864 65884 0.170 0.170 Total Phosphorus mg/L 65868 65888 0.210 0.230 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 65860 65880 ND (5.00) ND (5.00) N

Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 65860 65880 ND (8.80) ND (8.80) NAluminum, Dissolved ug/L 65860 65880 ND (8.80) 33.1 Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 65860 65880 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NArsenic, Total ug/L P115 65860 65880 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) N

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-14
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Graywater Treatment (SP-8/9) (cont.) (b) 

Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 65860 65880 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NBarium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65860 65880 11.9 9.66 Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65860 65880 7.34 9.51 Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 65860 65880 ND (0.0700) ND (0.0700) ND Boron, Total ug/L 65860 65880 ND (18.0) ND (18.0) NBoron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65860 65880 74.3 72.1 Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 65860 65880 0.0900 ND (0.0800) < Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 65860 65880 ND (0.0800) ND (0.0800) ND Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65860 65880 117 103 Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65860 65880 ND (7.00) ND (7.00) NChromium, Total ug/L P119 65860 65880 ND (0.270) ND (0.270) NChromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 65860 65880 0.410 0.500 Cobalt, Total ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.660) ND (0.660) NCobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.660) ND (0.660) NCopper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 65860 65880 172 157 Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 65860 65880 46.9 47.2 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65860 65880 490 427 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65860 65880 436 463 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 65860 65880 30.3 25.0 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-15
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Graywater Treatment (SP-8/9) (cont.) (b) 

Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 65860 65880 14.7 14.9 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 65860 65880 34.9 33.4 Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65860 65880 ND (6.30) ND (6.30) NManganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65860 65880 8.16 227 Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65860 65880 8.13 8.20 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 65860 65880 ND (0.0500) ND (0.0500) ND Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 65860 65880 ND (0.0500) ND (0.0500) ND Molybdenum, Total ug/L 65860 65880 ND (1.60) ND (1.60) NNickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 65860 65880 3.09 2.80 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 65860 65880 3.90 4.65 Selenium, Total ug/L P125 65860 65880 ND (1.40) ND (1.40) NSilver, Total ug/L P126 65860 65880 ND (0.770) ND (0.770) NSilver, Dissolved ug/L P126 65860 65880 ND (0.770) ND (0.770) NSodium, Total (s) ug/L 65860 65880 11,600 10,600 Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65860 65880 12,000 12,400 Tin, Total ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.940) ND (0.940) NTin, Dissolved ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.940) ND (0.940) NTitanium, Total ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.620) ND (0.620) NTitanium, Dissolved ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.620) ND (0.620) N

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-16
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Graywater Treatment (SP-8/9) (cont.) (b) 

Vanadium, Total ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.470) ND (0.470) NVanadium, Dissolved ug/L 65860 65880 ND (0.470) ND (0.470) NZinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 65860 65880 702 621 Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 65860 65880 594 626 

Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 65852 65872 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) N4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 65856 65876 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) NBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 65852 65872 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) N

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 65856 65876 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) N

Diethyl phthalate ug/L P070 65852 65872 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) NDiethyl phthalate ug/L P070 65856 65876 ND (20.0) ND (20.0) NPhenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 65852 65872 60.0 65.0 Phenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 65856 65876 71.0 51.0 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-17
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (b) 

Classical Pollutants Alkalinity mg/L 65944 65964 321 315 Alkalinity mg/L 65952 65972 332 349 Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) mg/L 65948 65968 0.0800 ND (0.0500) < Available Cyanide ug/L 65936 65956 4.08 ND (2.00) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) mg/L 65948 65968 4.42 3.90 

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (s) mg/L 65948 65968 111 104 Chloride (s) mg/L 65944 65964 125 125 Chloride (s) mg/L 65952 65972 145 135 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 65936 65956 37.6 37.8 Hardness (e) (s) mg/L 65944 65964 32.2 34.6 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO2-N + NO3-N) (s) mg/L 65948 65968 0.0310 0.0350 Settleable Residue mL/L 65936 65956 ND (0.100) ND (0.130) NSettleable Residue mL/L 65952 65972 ND (0.100) ND (0.110) N

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-18
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (cont.) (b) 

Sulfate (s) mg/L 65944 65964 52.4 34.7 Sulfate (s) mg/L 65952 65972 14.6 45.4 Total Cyanide mg/L P121 65936 65956 ND (0.00500) 0.00600 < Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 65944 65964 444 439 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 65952 65972 511 517 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) (s) mg/L 65948 65968 73.3 70.6 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (s) mg/L 65948 65968 30.5 29.6 Total Phosphorus mg/L 65948 65968 10.4 11.3 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 65944 65964 ND (5.00) ND (5.00) NTotal Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 65952 65972 ND (5.00) ND (5.00) N

Total and Dissolved Metals Aluminum, Total ug/L 65936 65956 126 123 Aluminum, Total ug/L 65944 65964 75.3 80.2 Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 65936 65956 114 111 Aluminum, Dissolved ug/L 65944 65964 77.5 80.1 Antimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 65936 65956 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NAntimony, Dissolved ug/L P114 65944 65964 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NArsenic, Total ug/L P115 65936 65956 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NArsenic, Total ug/L P115 65944 65964 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) N

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-19
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (cont.) (b) 

Arsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 65936 65956 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NArsenic, Dissolved ug/L P115 65944 65964 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NBarium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65936 65956 76.0 78.3 Barium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65944 65964 75.2 79.9 Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65936 65956 69.7 70.4 Barium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65944 65964 73.6 75.4 Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 65936 65956 ND (0.0700) ND (0.0700) ND Beryllium, Dissolved ug/L P117 65944 65964 ND (0.0700) ND (0.0700) ND Boron, Total ug/L 65936 65956 ND (18.0) ND (18.0) NBoron, Total ug/L 65944 65964 158 157 Boron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65936 65956 118 156 Boron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65944 65964 ND (18.0) ND (18.0) NCadmium, Total ug/L P118 65936 65956 0.110 0.100 Cadmium, Total ug/L P118 65944 65964 ND (0.0800) ND (0.0800) ND Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 65936 65956 0.130 ND (0.0800) Cadmium, Dissolved (e) ug/L P118 65944 65964 ND (0.0800) ND (0.0800) ND Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65936 65956 9,560 9,590 Calcium, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65944 65964 8,600 9,190 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-20
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (cont.) (b) 

Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65936 65956 8,630 8,740 Calcium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65944 65964 8,090 8,340 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 65936 65956 0.800 0.700 Chromium, Total ug/L P119 65944 65964 1.81 2.15 Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 65936 65956 1.44 1.20 Chromium, Dissolved ug/L P119 65944 65964 1.32 1.40 Cobalt, Total ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.660) ND (0.660) NCobalt, Total ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.660) ND (0.660) NCobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.660) ND (0.660) NCobalt, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.660) 3.07 Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 65936 65956 65.7 51.7 Copper, Total (e) (s) ug/L P120 65944 65964 5.92 5.60 Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 65936 65956 58.6 49.1 Copper, Dissolved (s) ug/L P120 65944 65964 4.65 4.70 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65936 65956 773 742 Iron, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65944 65964 266 279 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65936 65956 801 760 Iron, Dissolved (e) ug/L 65944 65964 293 235 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 65936 65956 8.43 6.68 Lead, Total (e) (s) ug/L P122 65944 65964 2.05 2.20 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-21
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (cont.) (b) 

Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 65936 65956 7.43 6.41 Lead, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L P122 65944 65964 1.76 1.60 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 65936 65956 3,340 3,360 Magnesium, Total (s) ug/L 65944 65964 2,620 2,830 Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65936 65956 3,020 3,080 Magnesium, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65944 65964 2,530 2,690 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65936 65956 54.6 50.8 Manganese, Total (e) (s) ug/L 65944 65964 14.4 15.5 Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65936 65956 51.1 48.1 Manganese, Dissolved (s) ug/L 65944 65964 16.4 19.0 Mercury, Total ug/L P123 65936 65956 ND (0.0500) ND (0.0500) ND Mercury, Total ug/L P123 65944 65964 ND (0.0500) ND (0.0500) ND Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 65936 65956 0.0610 ND (0.0500) < Mercury, Dissolved ug/L P123 65944 65964 0.0770 ND (0.0500) < Molybdenum, Total ug/L 65936 65956 ND (1.60) ND (1.60) NMolybdenum, Total ug/L 65944 65964 ND (1.60) ND (1.60) NNickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 65936 65956 25.4 23.9 Nickel, Total (s) ug/L P124 65944 65964 24.3 26.9 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 65936 65956 25.0 24.2 Nickel, Dissolved (s) ug/L P124 65944 65964 22.9 22.7 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-22
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (cont.) (b) 

Selenium, Total ug/L P125 65936 65956 ND (1.40) ND (1.40) NSelenium, Total ug/L P125 65944 65964 ND (1.40) 3.73 Silver, Total ug/L P126 65936 65956 ND (0.770) ND (0.770) NSilver, Total ug/L P126 65944 65964 ND (0.770) ND (0.770) NSilver, Dissolved ug/L P126 65936 65956 ND (0.770) ND (0.770) NSilver, Dissolved ug/L P126 65944 65964 ND (0.770) ND (0.770) NSodium, Total (s) ug/L 65936 65956 103,000 103,000 Sodium, Total (s) ug/L 65944 65964 104,000 110,000 Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65936 65956 104,000 101,000 Sodium, Dissolved (e) (s) ug/L 65944 65964 93,900 94,300 Tin, Total ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.940) ND (0.940) NTin, Total ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.940) 1.10 Tin, Dissolved ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.940) ND (0.940) NTin, Dissolved ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.940) ND (0.940) NTitanium, Total ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.620) ND (0.620) NTitanium, Total ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.620) ND (0.620) NTitanium, Dissolved ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.620) ND (0.620) NTitanium, Dissolved ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.620) ND (0.620) NVanadium, Total ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.470) ND (0.470) NVanadium, Total ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.470) ND (0.470) N

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
Table 5-4 (Continued) 

5-23
 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit 

Priority 

Pollutant 

Code SCC Numbers (a) Original Duplicate A

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (cont.) (b) 

Vanadium, Dissolved ug/L 65936 65956 ND (0.470) ND (0.470) NVanadium, Dissolved ug/L 65944 65964 ND (0.470) ND (0.470) NZinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 65936 65956 955 854 Zinc, Total (e) (s) ug/L P128 65944 65964 354 380 Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 65936 65956 884 813 Zinc, Dissolved (s) ug/L P128 65944 65964 358 345 

Semivolatile Organics 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol ug/L P022 65940 65960 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L P066 65940 65960 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) N

Diethyl phthalate ug/L P070 65940 65960 ND (10.0) ND (10.0) NPhenol (e) (s) ug/L P065 65940 65960 60.0 60.0 

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendix A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results.NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory detection limit.ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit).< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results).
5-24
 

Table 5-5 

Field Duplicate Analytical Results for Pathogen Indicators and Volatile Organics, Holland Americ

Field duplicate analytical results for pathogen indicators and volatile organics detected at least once in wastewater samples during the saduplicate samples were collected from the same source, stored, and analyzed independently. See Figures 2-2 and 2-3 for sampling poinare the average result and relative percent difference calculated for each duplicate pair. Priority pollutants (designated by EPA in 40 CF

are identified where applicable. 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate Avera

Effluent from Graywater Treatment (SP-8/9) (b) 

Pathogen Indicators E. coli MPN/100 mL 65852 65872 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65856 65876 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65860 65880 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65852 66014 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65856 66015 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65860 66016 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65852 65872 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65856 65876 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65860 65880 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65852 66014 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65856 66015 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65860 66016 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results. NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory reporting limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit). < - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 
Table 5-5 (Continued) 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate Avera

Effluent from Graywater Treatment (SP-8/9) (b) (cont.) 

Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65852 65872 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65856 65876 1.00 1.00 1.00 Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65860 65880 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65852 66014 ND (1.00) 1.00 < 1.0Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65856 66015 1.00 2.00 1.50 Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65860 66016 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.

Volatile Organics Chloroform (s) ug/L 65856 65876 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.Ethylbenzene ug/L 65856 65876 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.Toluene ug/L 65856 65876 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.

Effluent from Pathogen Indicators Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (b) 

E. coli MPN/100 mL 65944 65964 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65948 65968 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65952 65972 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65944 66011 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65948 66012 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.E. coli MPN/100 mL 65952 66013 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results. NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory reporting limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit). < - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 
Table 5-5 (Continued) 

Waste Stream Analyte Unit Sample Numbers (a) Original Duplicate Avera

Effluent from Sewage/Graywater Treatment (SP-13/14) (b) (cont.) 

Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65944 65964 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65948 65968 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65952 65972 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65944 66011 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65948 66012 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Enterococci MPN/100 mL 65952 66013 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65944 65964 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65948 65968 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65952 65972 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65944 66011 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65948 66012 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.Fecal Coliform CFU/100 mL 65952 66013 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.

Volatile Organics Chloroform (s) ug/L 65940 65960 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.Chloroform (s) ug/L 65948 65968 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.Ethylbenzene ug/L 65940 65960 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.Ethylbenzene ug/L 65948 65968 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.Toluene ug/L 65940 65960 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.Toluene ug/L 65948 65968 ND(5.00) ND(5.00) ND(5.

(a) Sample numbers identify corresponding analytical results in Appendices A-1 and A-2. (b) Sampling point location; See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3. (e) Analyte detected at some level in equipment blank. See Section 5.2.2 and Table 5-3 for equipment blank results. 

(s) Analyte detected at some level in source water. See Section 4.1.12 and Table 4-14 for source water results. NC - Not calculated because one or both of the sample results is less than the laboratory reporting limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is detection limit). < - Average result includes at least one nondetect value (calculation uses detection limits for nondetected results). 
6.0 REFERENCES 

1.	 Metcalf and Eddy, 1991. Wastewater Engineering, Third Edition. 

2.	 ATSDR, 2002. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQsTM 

for Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Available online: 

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts9.html 

3.	 ATSDR, 1996. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQsTM 

for Diethyl Phthalate. Available online: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts73.html 

4. 	 ATSDR, 2001. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQsTM 

for Toluene. Available online: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts56.html 

5.	 U.S. EPA, 2005. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Home Page. Available 

online: http://www.epa.gov/pcb/ 

6-1