1

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT: Emission Standards for Meeting the 90 Percent Requirement Under Section 

112(c)(3) and Section 112(k)(3)(B) of the Clean Air Act

FROM: Nathan E. Topham, Environmental Engineer

Metals and Minerals Group, SPPD (D243-02)

TO: DOCKET ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0036

DATE: February 18, 2011

Sections 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) require that EPA 

promulgate emission standards assuring that area sources representing 90 percent of the area 

source emissions of the 30 urban hazardous air pollutants (HAP)1are subject to emission 

standards. This memorandum describes how the Agency is satisfying this obligation under 

sections 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B) for all 30 urban HAP. This memorandum documents the 

actions that EPA has taken to fulfill this obligation. 

In 1999, EPA published an Urban Air Toxics Strategy (UATS) that included a list of 30 

urban HAP. In the UATS, EPA explained that it had created a baseline inventory that would be 

used for a number of actions identified in the UATS, including using the inventory as a baseline 

for determining whether EPA has promulgated sufficient standards to meet the 90 percent 

requirement under section 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B) (hereinafter referred to as the “section 112(k) 

baseline inventory”).2 Based on that inventory,3in a subsequent notice published November 22, 

2002, EPA identified the categories that EPA believed at the time were necessary to meet the 

 

1

Sections 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B) require that EPA identify 30 HAP that present the greatest threat to public health 

in the largest number of urban areas. EPA commonly refers to these HAP as “urban HAP”. As discussed above, 

EPA identified the 30 urban HAP in the Urban Air Toxics Strategy, 64 FR 38706 (July 19, 1999).

2

See 64 FR 38706, 38711, n.10. The Section 112(k) baseline inventory is representative of the years 1990-1993.

3

See Docket ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0036-0057, posted 11/29/2002. 
2

obligation for all 30 urban HAP (67 FR 70427). This memo discusses updates made to the 

section 112(k) baseline inventory since the November 2002 notice and any associated changes to 

the source category list. 

In addition, Appendix I to this memorandum identifies the source categories for meeting 

the 90 percent requirement for each of the 30 urban HAP and the percent of the baseline 

inventory each regulated category contributes for each urban HAP. Appendix II lists all of these 

standards alphabetically by category and, for each standard, the regulated urban HAP and the 

Code of Federal Regulation reference for the standard. 

I. Categories Not Needed to Meet the 90 Percent Requirement 

A. Brick and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing

At the time of the 2002 notice, the 112(k) baseline emissions inventory combined the 

baseline emissions from the following two area source categories into the “clay products 

manufacturing” category: (1) Brick and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing and (2) Clay 

Ceramics Manufacturing. Based on the combined baseline emissions estimates for these two 

area source categories, EPA determined that both categories were needed to meet the 90 percent

requirement under section 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B) for chromium, lead, manganese, and 

nickel.

A more detailed assessment of the estimated baseline emissions shows these baseline 

emissions to be from the glazing processes during clay ceramics manufacturing. In light of the 

above and based on our knowledge of the Brick and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing area 

source category, we believe that only trace amounts of these urban HAP are emitted from the 

Brick and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing area source category. As shown in Appendix 

I, based on the updated section 112(k) baseline inventory, we have determined that we only need 
3

the clay ceramics manufacturing source category to meet the 90 percent requirement for 

chromium, lead, manganese, and nickel. On December 26, 2007 EPA established emission 

standards that address these urban HAP emissions from the Clay Ceramic Manufacturing area 

source category (72 FR 73180).

B. Other Solid Waste Incineration (Human/Animal Cremation)

At the time of the 2002 notice, the section 112(k) baseline inventory included a mercury 

emission estimate of about 1.2 tons of mercury from animal cremation and 0.6 tons for human 

cremation4. We believe that baseline mercury emission estimate for animal cremation was 

inaccurate because mercury emissions from cremation are due to mercury use in human dental 

restoration and, therefore, there are no mercury emissions from animal cremation. The table 

below shows the updated section 112(k) baseline mercury emissions for this source category, 

which has no mercury emissions from animal cremation and low mercury emissions from human 

cremation (0.6 tpy). As shown in Appendix I, we have determined that we do not need this 

source category to meet the 90 percent requirement under sections 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B).

animal cremation human cremation

TPY % TPY %

7-PAH 0.0000000306 0.0000023 0.0000000119 0.0000009

Arsenic

Compounds 0.0118 0.073 0.00459 0.028

Beryllium

Compounds 0.000545 0.0005 0.000211 0.019

Cadmium

Compounds 0.00438 0.014 0.0017 0.01

Chromium

Compounds 0.0118 0.0036 0.00458 0.0014

Formaldehyde 0.0000000858 0.000000000850 0.0000000332 0.000000000330

Mercury

Compounds 0 0 0.6 0.994

 

4

See Docket ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0036-0057.
4

Nickel

Compounds 0.0151 0.0059 0.00585 0.0023

C. Area Source Boilers Fired by Natural Gas (part of the Industrial Boilers and 

Institutional/Commercial boilers area source categories)

The Industrial Boilers and Institutional/Commercial Boilers area source categories emit

the following urban HAP: polycyclic organic matter (POM), acetaldehyde, acrolein, arsenic, 

beryllium, cadmium, chromium, dioxins, formaldehyde, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and 

polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). According to the 112(k) baseline inventory (see table below), 

natural gas-fired area source boilers emit only acetaldehyde, benzene, and formaldehyde at very 

low levels. There are over 1 million of these natural gas-fired area source boilers (e.g., boilers 

used in churches and schools). We estimate that the cost of controlling the very small amounts of 

HAP emissions from natural gas-fired area source boilers would be over 2 billion dollars. As 

shown in Appendix I, we do not need this group of boilers to meet the 90 percent requirement for 

section 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B).

Industrial Natural Gas-Fired Area 

Source Boilers

Institutional/Commercial Natural GasFired Area Source Boilers

Urban HAP Emissions (tons 

per year)

Percent 

Contribution

Emissions (tons 

per year)

Percent 

Contribution

Acetaldehyde 0.0136 0.001% 0.0174 0.0002%

Benzene 2.2 0.003% 2.81 0.0003%

Formaldehyde 78.7 0.008% 100 0.01%

II. Updates to Baseline Emission Inventory for Mercury

The baseline emission inventory contained inaccurate mercury emissions for electric arc 

furnaces. Mercury emissions from EAF during 1990 were evaluated during the development of 

the EAF area source rule pursuant to section 112(c)(3) and (k)(3)(B) of the CAA. Based on 
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scrap steel charged in EAFs during 1990 (38 million tons) and a revised emission factor5from 

scrap steel, the 1990 base-year mercury emissions from this area source category were estimated 

to be 7.8 tons. The inventory in Appendix I has been updated to reflect this change as well as the 

change to human/animal cremation mentioned above.

 

5

Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Sector Policies and Program Division, Metals and Minerals 

Group. July 18, 2007. Docket Item 0070 in EPA Docket Number OAR-2004-0083.
6

Appendix I – Source Categories for Meeting the 90 Percent Requirement Under CAA Sections 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B)

Table I.1 – Percent Contributions to 90 Percent Requirement from Regulated Area Source Categories6

 

6

“Full table including “Other” categories will available along with this memo in Docket ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2002-0036.
7
8
9

Appendix II – Area Source Categories Used for Meeting the 90 Percent Requirement Under 

CAA Sections 112(c)(3) and 112(k)(3)(B)

Table II.1 – Source Categories, Urban HAP, and CFR Subparts 

Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Acrylic/Modacrylic Fibers 

Production

Acrylonitrile 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

LLLLLL

Agricultural Chemicals and 

Pesticide Manufacturing

1,3-Dichloropropene, Arsenic 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Hexachlorobenzene, 

Hydrazine, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Aluminum Foundries Beryllium Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

ZZZZZZ

Asphalt Processing & 

Asphalt Roofing 

Manufacturing

Chromium Compounds, Polycyclic 

Organic Matter

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

AAAAAAA

Carbon Black Production Polycyclic Organic Matter 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

MMMMMM

Chemical Preparations 

Industry

Cadmium Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Ethylene Dichloride, 

Ethylene Oxide, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

BBBBBBB

Chromic Acid Anodizing, 

Decorative Chromium 

Electroplating, Hard 

Chromium Electroplating

Chromium Compounds 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

N

Chemical Manufacturing: 

Chromium Compounds

Chromium Compounds 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

NNNNNN

Clay Ceramics 

Manufacturing

Chromium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

RRRRRR

Commercial Sterilization 

Facilities

Ethylene Oxide 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

O

Copper Foundries Lead Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

ZZZZZZ
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Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Cyclic Crude & Intermediate 

Production

Acetaldehyde, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chloroform, 

Chromium Compounds, Ethylene 

Dichloride, Hydrazine, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Methylene Chloride, 

Nickel Compounds, Quinoline

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Dry Cleaning Facilities Tetrachloroethylene 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

M

Ferroalloys Production Chromium Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Polycyclic Organic 

Matter, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

YYYYYY

Flexible Polyurethane Foam 

Fabrication and Production

Methylene Chloride 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

OOOOOO

Gasoline Distribution Bulk 

Terminal, Bulk Plant and 

Pipeline Facilities

Benzene, Ethylene Dichloride, 

Lead Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

BBBBBB

Halogenated Solvent 

Cleaners / Degreasing 

Organic Cleaners

Methylene Chloride, 

Tetrachloroethylene, 

Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

T

Hazardous Waste 

Incineration

Arsenic Compounds, Beryllium 

Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, Lead 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

EEE

Industrial Boilers fired by 

coal, wood, and oil

Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Arsenic 

Compounds, Benzene, Beryllium 

Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, Ethylene 

Dichloride, Formaldehyde, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Nickel, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 

Polycyclic Organic Matter

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

JJJJJJ
11

Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Industrial Inorganic 

Chemical Manufacturing

1,3-Dichloropropene, 

Acetaldehyde, Arsenic Compounds, 

Cadmium Compounds, 

Chloroform, Chromium 

Compounds, Hydrazine, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Methylene Chloride, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Industrial Organic Chemical 

Manufacturing

1,3 Butadiene, Acetaldehyde, 

Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chloroform, 

Chromium Compounds, Ethylene 

Dichloride, Hydrazine, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Methylene Chloride, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Inorganic Pigments 

Manufacturing

Chromium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Institutional/Commercial 

Boilers fired by coal, wood, 

and oil

Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Arsenic 

Compounds, Benzene, Beryllium 

Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, Ethylene 

Dichloride, Formaldehyde, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Nickel Compounds, Polycyclic 

Organic Matter

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

JJJJJJ

Iron and Steel Foundries Cadmium Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

ZZZZZ

Lead Acid Battery 

Manufacturing

Cadmium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

PPPPPP

Medical Waste Incinerators Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, 

Formaldehyde, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Mercury 

40 CFR 60 subpart Ec 

& 40 CFR part 62 

subpart HHH
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Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

Mercury Cell Chlor-Alkali 

Plants

Mercury Compounds 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

IIIII

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Electrical and 

Electronic Equipment 

Manufacturing

Chromium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds, 

Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Fabricated Metal 

Products

Cadmium Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds, Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Fabricated Plate 

Work (Boiler Shops)

Chromium Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Fabricated 

Structural Metal 

Manufacturing

Chromium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Heating 

Equipment, Except Electric

Chromium Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Industrial 

Machinery and Equipment 

Manufacturing

Chromium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Iron and Steel 

Forging

Chromium Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Primary Metal 

Products Manufacturing

Cadmium Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds, Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX

Metal Fabrication and 

Finishing: Valves & Pipe 

Fittings

Cadmium Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Nickel Compounds, 

Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

XXXXXX
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Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Misc Organic Chemical 

Manufacturing

1,3 Butadiene, 1,3-

Dichloropropane, Acetaldehyde, 

Beryllium Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chloroform, 

Chromium Compounds, Ethylene 

Dichloride, Hydrazine, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Methylene Chloride, Nickel 

Compounds, Quinoline

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Municipal Landfills 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1,2-

Dichloropropane, Acrylonitrile, 

Benzene, Chloroform, Ethylene 

Dichloride, Methylene Chloride, 

Polychlorinated biphenyls, 

Polycyclic Organic Matter, 

Tetrachloroethylene, 

Trichloroethylene, Vinyl Chloride

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

AAAA

Hospital Ethylene Oxide 

Sterilizers

Ethylene Oxide 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

WWWWW

Nonferrous Foundries Chromium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

ZZZZZZ

Oil & Natural Gas 

Production

Benzene 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

HH

Paint and Allied Products 

Manufacture

Benzene, Cadmium Compounds, 

Chromium Compounds, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Methylene Chloride, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

CCCCCCC

Paint Stripping Operations, 

Misc. Surface Coating, 

Autobody Refinishing

Cadmium Compounds, 

Chloroform, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese, Methylene Chloride, 

Nickel Compounds, 

Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

HHHHHH
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Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Pharmaceutical Production Arsenic Compounds, Chloroform, 

Ethylene Dichloride, Manganese 

Compounds, Methylene Chloride, 

Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Plastic Materials and Resins 

Manufacturing

1,3 Butadiene, Acetaldehyde, 

Ethylene Dichloride, Hydrazine, 

Lead Compounds, Methylene 

Chloride

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Plating and Polishing Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds, Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

WWWWWW

Portland Cement Arsenic Compounds, Beryllium 

Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, Lead 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

LLL

Prepared Feeds Arsenic Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

DDDDDDD

Pressed & Blown Glass 

Manufacturing.

Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

SSSSSS

Primary Copper Smelting Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

EEEEEE

Primary Nonferrous Metal Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Nickel 

Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

GGGGGG
15

Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Publicly Owned Treatment 

Works

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1,2-

Dichloropropane, 1,3 Butadiene, 

Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, 

Acrylonitrile, Benzene, 

Chloroform, Ethylene Oxide, 

Formaldehyde, Methylene 

Chloride, Tetrachloroethylene, 

Trichloroethylene, Vinyl Chloride

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVV

PVC & Copolymer 

Production

Vinyl Chloride 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

DDDDDD

Reciprocating Internal 

Combustion Engines (RICE) 

- Existing Compression 

Ignition, Existing Spark 

Ignition

Acetaldehyde, Arsenic Compounds, 

Benzene, Beryllium Compounds, 

Cadmium Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Formaldehyde, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Polycyclic Organic Matter

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

ZZZZ

Secondary Copper Smelting Cadmium Compounds, Dioxins, 

Lead Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

FFFFFF

Secondary Lead Smelting 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 1,3 

Butadiene, 1,3-Dichloropropane, 

Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Arsenic, 

Benzene, Cadmium Compounds, 

Chloroform, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, 

Formaldehyde, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Mercury 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds, 

Polycyclic Organic Matter

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

X

Secondary Non-Ferrous 

Metals

Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Mercury 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

TTTTTT

Sewage Sludge Incineration 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane, 

Acrylonitrile, Cadmium, 

Chromium, Dioxins, Lead 

Compounds, Manganese 

Compounds, Mercury Compounds, 

Nickel Compounds, 

Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 

40 CFR part 60 subpart 

MMMM
16

Section 112(k) Source 

Category Name

Urban HAP Code of Federal 

Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Polycyclic Organic Matter

Small Municipal Waste 

Combustors

Arsenic Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, 

Formaldehyde, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Mercury 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds

40 CFR part 60 subpart 

AAAA & 40 CFR part 

62 subpart JJJ

Stainless and Non-stainless

Steel Manufacturing (EAFs)

Arsenic Compounds, Beryllium 

Compounds, Cadmium 

Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Lead Compounds, 

Manganese Compounds, Mercury 

Compounds, Nickel Compounds, 

Trichloroethylene

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

YYYYY

Synthetic Rubber 

Manufacturing

1,3 Butadiene 40 CFR part 63 subpart 

VVVVVV

Wood Preserving Arsenic Compounds, Chromium 

Compounds, Dioxins, Methylene 

Chloride

40 CFR part 63 subpart 

QQQQQQ

Among the 30 urban HAP selected to fulfill the section 112(k) mandate, dioxins, POM, 

and PCBs are actually groups of multiple compounds of similar structure. For the purposes of the 

112(k) inventory, dioxins are represented by toxicity equivalents while POM is represented by a 

group of seven specific compounds included in the definition of POM that act as a surrogate. 

These “7-PAH” compounds7are classified as probable human carcinogens and were used for 

determining that POM was one of the 30 pollutants that posed the highest risks for urban areas. 

Additionally, 7-PAH had a robust emissions inventory for urban area sources for the purposes of 

section 112(k). A more detailed discussion on the selection of the 30 urban HAP and how they 

 

7 The 7-PAH compounds are: benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, 

chrysene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene
17

are inventoried for the purpose of section 112(k) can be found on the EPA’s Technology 

Transfer Network Area Source Standards webpage at 

<http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/area/arearules.html>. Table II.2 lists the 30 urban HAP, the 

percent subject to regulation, and the Code of Federal Regulation parts and subparts used to 

reach the regulated percentage.

Table II.2 – Regulated Percentages of 30 Urban HAP

Urban HAP Percent Subject 

to Regulation

Code of Federal Regulations Part and 

Subpart

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 100.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, VVV, 

AAAA, MMMM

1,2-Dichloropropane 95.0% 41 CFR part 63 subparts VVV, AAAA 

1,3 Butadiene 96.6% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, VVV, 

VVVVVV

1,3-Dichloropropene 99.5% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, VVVVVV

Acetaldehyde 92.5% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, VVV, 

ZZZZ, JJJJJJ, VVVVVV

Acrolein 99.2% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, VVV, JJJJJJ

Acrylonitrile 95.9% 40 CFR part 63 subparts VVV, AAAA, 

MMMM, LLLLLL

Arsenic Compounds 99.7% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, EEE, LLL 

ZZZZ, YYYYY, EEEEEE, GGGGGG, 

JJJJJJ, QQQQQQ, SSSSSS, TTTTTT, 

VVVVVV, WWWWWW, 

DDDDDDD; 40 CFR part 60 subpart 

MMMM; 40 CFR part 62 subparts 

HHH, JJJ; 40 CFR part 60 subparts Ec, 

AAAA

Benzene 93.7% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, VVV, 

AAAA, ZZZZ, BBBBBB, HHHHHH, 

JJJJJJ, CCCCCCC

Beryllium Compounds 100.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts EEE, LLL, 

ZZZZ, YYYYY, JJJJJJ, VVVVVV, 

ZZZZZZ
18

Urban HAP Percent Subject 

to Regulation

Code of Federal Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Cadmium Compounds 93.3% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, EEE, LLL, 

ZZZZ, YYYYY, ZZZZZ, EEEEEE, 

FFFFFF, GGGGGG, HHHHHH, JJJJJJ, 

PPPPPP, SSSSSS, TTTTTT, 

VVVVVV, WWWWWW, XXXXXX, 

ZZZZZZ, BBBBBBB, CCCCCCC; 40 

CFR part 60 subpart MMMM; 40 CFR 

part 62 subparts HHH, JJJ; 40 CFR part 

60 subparts Ec, AAAA

Chloroform 93.5% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, VVV, 

AAAA, HHHHHH, VVVVVV

Chromium Compounds 90.1% 40 CFR part 63 subparts N, X, EEE, 

LLL, YYYYY, ZZZZZ, EEEEEE, 

GGGGGG, HHHHHH, JJJJJJ, 

QQQQQQ, SSSSSS, TTTTTT, 

VVVVVV, WWWWWW, XXXXXX, 

YYYYYY, ZZZZZZ, AAAAAAA, 

BBBBBBB, CCCCCCC, DDDDDDD; 

40 CFR part 62 subparts HHH, JJJ; 40 

CFR part 60 subparts Ec, MMMM, 

AAAA

Dioxins (2,3,7,8-TCDD) 99.6% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, EEE, LLL, 

FFFFFF, JJJJJJ; 40 CFR part 62 

subparts HHH, JJJ; 40 CFR part 60 

subparts Ec, MMMM, AAAA

Ethylene Dichloride 93.2% 40 CFR part 63 subparts AAAA, 

BBBBBB, JJJJJJ, VVVVVV, 

BBBBBBB

Ethylene Oxide 93.5% 40 CFR part 63 subparts O, VVV, 

WWWWW, BBBBBBB 

Formaldehyde 95.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, HHH, 

VVV, ZZZZ, JJJJJJ, 40 CFR part 62 

subparts HHH, JJJ; 40 CFR part 60 

subparts Ec, AAAA

Hexachlorobenzene 98.7% 40 CFR part 63 subpart VVVVVV

Hydrazine 97.4% 40 CFR part 63 subpart VVVVVV
19

Urban HAP Percent Subject 

to Regulation

Code of Federal Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Lead Compounds 90.3% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, EEE, LLL, 

ZZZZ, YYYYY, BBBBBB, EEEEEE, 

FFFFFF, GGGGGG, HHHHHH, 

PPPPPP, RRRRRR, SSSSSS, TTTTTT, 

VVVVVV, WWWWWW, XXXXXX, 

ZZZZZZ, BBBBBBB, CCCCCCC, 

JJJJJJ; 40 CFR part 62 subparts HHH, 

JJJ; 40 CFR part 60 subparts Ec, 

AAAA

Manganese Compounds 90.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, ZZZZ, 

YYYYY, GGGGGG, HHHHHH, 

JJJJJJ, RRRRRR, SSSSSS, TTTTTT, 

VVVVVV, WWWWWW, XXXXXX, 

ZZZZZZ, AAAAAAA, BBBBBBB, 

CCCCCCC, DDDDDDD; 40 CFR part 

62 subparts HHH, JJJ; 40 CFR part 60 

subparts Ec, MMMM, AAAA

Mercury Compounds 92.1% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, EEE, LLL, 

ZZZZ, IIIII, YYYYY, JJJJJJ, TTTTTT, 

VVVVVV, AAAAAAA, CCCCCCC; 

40 CFR part 62 subparts HHH, JJJ; 40 

CFR part 60 subparts Ec, MMMM, 

AAAA

Methylene Chloride 92.5% 40 CFR part 63 subparts T, VVV,

AAAA, HHHHHH, OOOOOO, 

QQQQQQ, VVVVVV, CCCCCCC

Nickel Compounds 90.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, YYYYY, 

ZZZZZ, EEEEEE, HHHHHH, PPPPPP, 

RRRRRR, SSSSSS, TTTTTT, 

VVVVVV, WWWWWW, XXXXXX, 

ZZZZZZ, BBBBBBB, CCCCCCC,

JJJJJJ; 40 CFR part 62 subparts HHH, 

JJJ; 40 CFR part 60 subparts Ec, 

MMMM, AAAA

Polychlorinated biphenyls 91.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts EEE, LLL, 

AAAA, JJJJJJ; 40 CFR part 60 subpart 

MMMM

Polycyclic Organic Matter 93.1% 40 CFR part 63 subparts X, AAAA, 

ZZZZ, AAAAAA, JJJJJJ, MMMMMM, 

YYYYYY; 40 CFR part 60 subpart 

MMMM

Quinoline 100.0% 40 CFR part 63 subpart VVVVVV
20

Urban HAP Percent Subject 

to Regulation

Code of Federal Regulations Part and 

Subpart

Tetrachloroethylene 99.0% 40 CFR part 63 subparts M, T, VVV, 

AAAA

Trichloroethylene 90.9% 40 CFR part 63 subparts T, VVV, 

AAAA, YYYYY, HHHHHH, 

WWWWWW, XXXXXX

Vinyl Chloride 94.7% 40 CFR part 63 subparts VVV, AAAA, 

DDDDDD