Mobile'vs.'Centralized'Treatment'
Base'Case'

Centralized'Facility'–'500,000'bbls

• Es=mated'Cost''

• $1,000,000'@'$1,200,000'

• impoundment,'lining,'Piping'and'

tanks'

• PermiGng'not'included'

• Water'treatment'equipment'not'

included'

Mobile'Treatment'Facility'–'100,000'

bbls

• Es=mated'Cost'

• $520,000'@'$550,000'*'

• 2'60K'bbl'ASTs,'installa=on'and'

breakdown,'liners,'grading,'

piping'

• PermiGng'not'included'

• Water'treatment'not'included' *"Water"Well"Solu,ons"
Base'Case'

Centralized'Facility'–'500,000'bbls

• Es=mated'Cost''

• $1,000,000'@'$1,200,000'

Mobile'Treatment'Facility'–'100,000'

bbls

• Es=mated'Cost'

• $520,000'@'$550,000'

• 5'for'equivalent'capacity'

• $2,600,000'@'$2,750,000'

• Relocate'same'tanks'4'

addi=onal'=mes'

• $57,000'for'each'reloca=on,'set'

up'grading'and'liners'*'

• $805,000'@'$835,000'

*"Water"Well"Solu,ons"
Centralized'vs.'Mobile'Facility'

Centralized'Facility'

• Lower'PermiGng'Cost'

• Advantage'for'Concentrated'

Ac=vity'

Mobile'Facility'

• Capex'Flexibility'

• Relocatable'

• Residual'Value'

• Logis=cal'Advantage

Logis=cal'Advantage'

• Trucking'$2@$4/bbl

• Conserva=vely'$1/bbl'saving'by'loca=ng'

closer'to'well'pads'
Basic'Treatment'Requirements'

What'Are'Your'Goals

Cons=tuent' Slickwater Guar'

(Linear)'

Guar'(XL)' Hybrids'(XL)'

Chlorides!

(ppm)!

140K!(anionic)!

No!Limit!(ca9onic)!

60K! 60K! 60K!

Total!Hardness!

(ppm)!

50K! 20K! 20K! 20K!

Iron!(ppm)! 25! 10! 10! 10!

Oil!(ppm)! 100! 50! 50! 50!

TSS!(ppm)! 100! 100! 100! 100!

Boron!!(ppm)! No!Limit! 10! 10! No!Limit!

Bacteria!(cfu/

ml)!

100! 100! 100! 100!
Water'Treatment'Requirements'

Centralized'Facility'(Tradi=onal)'

• SoFening!via!EC,!Floc!and!Drop!

• Bacterial!Control!via!Oxida9on!

or!NonNOxidizing!Biocides!

• Solids!Dewatering!

• Filtra9on!

Advantages/Disadvantages!

• High!Solids,!NORM!poten9al!

• BeTer!Water!Quality!

• Will!require!post!treatment!

disinfec9on!

• $0.60!N!$1.00/bbl

Mobile'Treatment'(Low'Cost'Model)'

• Bacterial!Control!via!Aera9on!and!

Oxida9on!!

• Electrochemical!Scale!Inhibi9on!

• Filtra9on!

Advantages/Disadvantages!

• No!solids!for!disposal,!No!NORM!

• Lower!Water!Quality,!but!good!

enough!for!frac!fluid!

• No!post!treatment!disinfec9on!

required!

• <!$0.30/bbl
Microbial'Control' Scale'Inhibi=on'

Water'Treatment'Requirements'

Filtra=on'
Aera9on!

• Bacterial!Control!

• Iron!Oxida9on!

• Sulfide!Oxida9on!

EF80!Treatment!

• Bacterial!Control!

via!Oxida9on!

• Iron!Oxida9on!

• Sulfide!Oxida9on!

• Scale!Inhibi9on! Filtra9on!

• Solids!Control!

Water'Treatment'Requirements'
Details'of'Treatment!!

Phase!1:!Aera9on!

Contaminants!Targeted:!

• Bacteria!

• Iron!

• Sulfides!

• Improved!Oil/Water!separa9on!
Details'of'Treatment!!

Phase!1:!Aera9on!

Typical!Results!:!Iron!

25.1!

16.7!

168.7!

2.2! 6.3! 4.3!

91%!

62%!

97%!

0%!

10%!

20%!

30%!

40%!

50%!

60%!

70%!

80%!

90%!

100%!

0!

20!

40!

60!

80!

100!

120!

140!

160!

180!

Working!Tank! Above!Surface!Tank! Produced!Water!Pit!

%!Reduc9on!

Total!Iron,!mg/L!

Reduc9on!of!Total!Iron!through!Aera9on!

Before!Aera9on! AFer,!Aera9on! %!Reduciton!

15.1!

2.2!

103!

0.2! 0.3! 0.3!

99%!

86%!

100%!

0%!

10%!

20%!

30%!

40%!

50%!

60%!

70%!

80%!

90%!

100%!

0!

20!

40!

60!

80!

100!

120!

Working!Tank! Above!Surface!Tank! Produced!Water!Pit!

%!Reduc9on!

Ferrous!Iron,!mg/L!

Reduc9on!of!Ferrous!Iron!through!Aera9on!

Before!Aera9on! AFer,!Aera9on! %!Reduciton!
Details'of'Treatment!!

Phase!1:!Aera9on!

Typical!Results!:!Bacteria!

6907!

4259!

1462! 1294!

755!

262!

81%! 82%! 82%!

0%!

10%!

20%!

30%!

40%!

50%!

60%!

70%!

80%!

90%!

100%!

0!

1000!

2000!

3000!

4000!

5000!

6000!

7000!

8000!

Working!Tank! Above!Surface!Tank! Produced!Water!Pit!

%!Reduc9on!

ATP,!pg/ml!

Reduc9on!of!ATP!through!Aera9on!

Before!Aera9on! AFer,!Aera9on! %!Reduciton!
Submersible'Mixer
Details'of'Treatment!!

Phase!1:!Aera9on!

Floa=ng' Submersible'

• Air!Driven!

• Submersible!or!

Floa9ng!

• Submersible!

beTer!for!

oxida9on!and!

solids!control!
Details'of'Treatment!!

Phase!2:!Supplemental!Oxida9on!

(as!needed)!

Contaminants!Targeted:!

• Bacteria!

• Iron!

• Sulfides!

• Improved!Oil/Water!separa9on!
Details'of'Treatment!!

Phase!3:!Filtra9on!

Contaminants!Targeted:!

• TSS!

• Bacteria!

• Iron!

• Turbidity!
Bag'Filtra=on'

What'are'the'Basics'?

• Bag!Filtra9on!

• Bag!Fit!

• Filter!Pod!Quality!

• TSS!Goals!

• TSS!Size!Distribu9on!

• Micron!Size!!

• TSS!loading!
Bag'Filtra=on'

What'Micron'?

Par=cle'Size'Distribu=on'

0.0%! 0.0%!

84.2%!

5.4%!

1.0%!

9.3%!

0.0%! 0.0%!

97.9%!

0.7%! 0.8%! 0.6%!

0.0%!

20.0%!

40.0%!

60.0%!

80.0%!

100.0%!

120.0%!

>!10! 5!N!10! 1.5!N!5! 1!N!1.5! 0.45!N!1! <!0.45!

Percentage!

Par9cle!Size,!μm!

Par9cle!Size!Dis9bu9on!for!Produced!Water!Samples!
Bag'Filtra=on'

What'Micron'?

TSS,'Turbidity'and'Size'Distribu=on'

Filter'size

Table'1:'Filtra=on'Test'#1

Turbidity TSS

1 2 Ave 1 2 Ave

None 5.52 5.17 5.345 2 1 1.5

10'μm 5.49 5.33 5.41 4 5 4.5

5'μm 5.37 5.66 5.515 3 1 2

1.5'μm 0.87 0.87 0.87 0 0 0

1'μm 0.58 0.56 0.57 0 0 0

0.45'μm 0.51 0.52 0.515 0 0 0
Details'of'Treatment!!

Phase!4:!Oxida9on!

Contaminants!Targeted:!

• Bacteria!

• Iron!

• Sulfides!
• 80N!110!BPM!

Capacity!

• Environmentally!

Friendly!

• Small!Footprint!

• Eliminates!use!of!

Biocide,!Scale!

Inhibitor!

• Reduces!use!of!

Fric9on!Reducer,!

Gel,!Breaker!

Over'90,000,000'bbls'treated'
Tes=ng'Program' InfraCal!2!ATRNSP!

EPA!Method!1664

HACH!DR!900!for!TSS!and!iron

ATP!Kit!for!Real!

Time!Bacteria!

• Unique'Hydrozonix'Feature'

• Real'Time'Water'Quality'

Tes=ng'

• Creates'certainty'for'

treatment'verifica=on'

• Includes'tes=ng'Hydrocarbons,'

Iron,'TSS'and'Bacteria'

• Test'all'key'parameters'once'

per'shim,'more'frequently'

when'water'quality'changes'

• Inline'probes'for'ORP'and'pH'

• Hydrozonix'has'developed'

proprietary'sample'prep'

procedures'
Bacteria'Tes=ng'

Where'do'I'Sample'?

• Influent/Effluent!of!

Treatment!System!

• MPN!

• ATP!

• Con9nuous!Tes9ng!

• Residual!Disinfec9on!/!

Working!Tanks!

• ATP!

• Con9nuous!Tes9ng!

• Source!Water!

• ATP!

• MPN!

• Baseline!Tes9ng!

Influent!&!

Effluent!

Source!

Water!

Tes9ng!

Working!

Tank!

Monitoring!
Summary'

• Centralized'Facili=es'can'have'advantages'when'opera=ons'

are'concentrated'to'a'specific'area'

• Mobile'facili=es''

• provide'Capex'flexibility'

• Are'a'relocatable'asset'

• Provide'transporta=on'savings'

• Conven=onal'treatment'can'provide'beoer'quality'water'

• Mobile'treatment'

• Provide'good'enough'water'quality'

• Lower'cost'op=on'

• Real'=me'tes=ng'allows'valida=on'of'treatment'

• Real'=me'and'comprehensive'tes=ng'is'cri=cal'to'running'an'

effec=ve'treatment'program'

' ' ! !
www.hydrozonix.com'