CONTINENTAL PLACER INC. 

II Winners Circle • Albany, New York 12205 

(518) 458-9203/ax (518) 458-9206 

www.continentalplacer.com 

EXEMPTION REQUEST 

I_JNDER SECT,ON 333 OF THE 

FAA REFORM ACT 

AND PART II OF THE 

FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS 

Prepared for: 

U.S. Department of Transportation 

Docket Management System 

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE 

Washington, D.C. 20590 

Prepared by: 

Continental Placer Inc. 

August 11, 2015 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
CONTINENTAL PLACER INC. 

II Winners Circle • Albany, New York 12205 

(518) 458-9203 fax (518) 458-9206 

www.continentalplacer.com 

EXEMPTION REQUEST 

UNDER SECTION 333 OF THE 

FAA REFORM ACT 

AND PART II OF THE 

FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS 

Prepared for: 

U.S. Department of Transportation 

Docket Management System 

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE 

Washington, D.C. 20590 

Prepared by: 

Continental Placer Inc. 

August 11, 2015 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
" 

CONTINENTAL PLACER INC. 

August 11,2015 

II Winners Circle • Albany, New York 12205 

(518) 458-9203 fax (518) 458-9206 

www.continentalplacer.com 

U.S. Department of Transportation 

Docket Management System 

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE 

Washington, DC 20590 

Re: Exemption Request Under Section 333 of the FAA Reform Act and Part 11 of the Federal Aviation 

Regulations 

Dear Madam, Sir, 

Pursuant to Section 333 ofthe FAA Modernization and Reform Act of2012 (the "Reform Act") and 14 

C.P.R. Part 11, Continental Placer Inc. ("Continental Placer Inc."), an operator of the eBee Unmanned 

Aircraft System ("eBee") seeks an exemption from the Federal Aviation Regulations ("PARs") listed 

below: 

• 14 C.P.R. 21 

• 14 C.P.R. 45.23 

• 14 C.F.R 45.29 

• 14 C.P.R. 61.133(a) 

• 14 C.P.R. 91.7(b) 

• 14 C.P.R. 91.9(b)(2) 

• 14 C.P.R. 91.109(a) 

• 14 C.P.R. 91.119 

• 14 C.P.R. 91.151(a) 

• 14 C.P.R. 91.203(a) & (b) 

• 14 CFR Subpart E (91.401- 91.417) 

The requested exemption would authorize commercial operations using the eBee for mapping and survey 

applications. These operations will be subject to strict operating requirements defined in the eBee user 

manual, which can be found in Appendix A (Continental Placer Inc. requests the FAA treat the eBee 

training program as proprietary under 14 C.F .R. 11.35(b) and do not include this document in the public 

docket) and conditions defined by the Safety Code of the Academy of Model Aeronautics (see Appendix 

B), in order to ensure at least an equivalent level of safety to currently authorized operations using manned 

aircrafts. 

The eBee will be operated by an individual who will fulfill the following requirement: 

• Has successfully passed a manufacturer's training program for the eBee; Continental Placer Inc .. 

requests the FAA treat the eBee training program as proprietary under 14 C.P.R. 11.35(b) and does 

not include this document in the public docket. 

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIRCRAFT 

The eBee is a small (37.8 inches wingspan) and ultra-light (maximum take-off weight of 1.7 pounds) 

platform made of flexible foam that performs pre-programmed precision aerial mapping missions thanks to 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Continental Placer Inc. 

Exemption Request Under Section 333 

August 11, 2015 

Pg.2 

the on-board GPS and the related flight management software (eMotion) that allows the operator to plan 

safely and efficiently a mission in 3D, and then monitor it in real-time. Thanks to the embedded camera, 

protected by a foam envelope, the eBee takes a collection of high-definition still images that are used later 

to generate maps and contour lines of the surveyed area. 

The four main characteristics of the eBee are: 

a. Very light weight 

The eBee is so light that the operator can launch it by hand and let it land on almost any surface without 

requiring a parachute or landing net (belly land). Its low impact energy (38 J in case of a controlled 

emergency landing) also significantly reduces the risk of hazardous situations. Finally, the wings of the 

eBee are detachable and made of flexible foam with no sharp or hard edges and almost no internal 

strengthening structure. 

b. Electric-powered 

The eBee is electric powered. A brushless engine technology makes it silent and reliable. The propeller is 

attached with a rubber band to the body of the plane so that it can easily flex away in case of contact with 

any object. 

c. Semi-automatic flight 

The artificial intelligence incorporated within the eBee autopilot system continuously analyzes data from 

the Inertial Measurement Unit and from the onboard GPS and takes care of all the aspects of the flight 

under the supervision of the operator. 

d. Option for Manual control 

Additionally, the eBee provides an override capability that allows the operator to take manual actions 

during the flight (Go to Home, Go Land, Hold and Resume the mission) and also suspend automated 

operations and take manual control of the aircraft should it become necessary to respond emergent 

circumstances, thanks to the remote controller provided with the system. 

2. APPLICATIONS 

The eBee will be used to map for natural resources, topography, as-built construction conditions and 

progress, quarry and mining operations (noncongested areas), demonstrations and crew training. 

3. APPLICABLE LEGAL STANDARD UNDER SECTION 333 

a. Airworthiness assessment of the eBee (see Appendix C) 

Continental Placer Inc. notes that the airworthiness of the eBee has already been demonstrated for different 

projects in the United States, involving state/federal agencies or universities (among others the New 

Mexico State University: https:!/newscenter.nmsu.edu/ Articles/view/] 0208/nmsu-uas-flight-test-centerconducts-ebee-airworthiness-assessment, and the USACE New Orleans, who coordinated with the 

Department of Army and the FAA to obtain all authorizations required in order to operate the eBee UAS). 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Continental Placer Inc. 

Exemption Request Under Section 333 

August II, 2015 

Pg. 3 

Moreover, SenseFly obtained flight approvals for the eBee (delivered by national civil aviation authorities) 

in many countries, among others: 

• Switzerland (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

• Canada (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

• Australia (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

• France (flight approval for Extended-VLOS operations) 

• Germany (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

• United Kingdom (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

• Norway (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

• Sweden (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

• Denmark (flight approval for VLOS operations) 

b. Operating requirements 

Grant of the exemption to Continental Placer Inc. for the eBee will be subject to the following operating 

conditions, based on the operating conditions set forth by the Academy of Model Aeronautics (see 

Appendix B). The main restrictions are summarized below: 

• Operations to be conducted over private, controlled-access, or public property where approved; 

• Permission from the land owner/authority required before commencing any flight; 

• Operations over congested areas shall be avoided; 

• Operations must not interfere with manned aircraft operations, must yield the right of way to 

manned aircraft, and operators must See & A void other aircraft and obstacles at all times 

• Operations limited to Visual Flight Rules Meteorological Conditions (VMC) and daylight hours 

• Aircraft operations must remain within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) and will be visually 

monitored at all times; 

• VLOS guaranteed with a GPS geo-fence around operator of 0.5 miles 

• Flight ceiling pre-programed at 400 feet; 

• All operations conducted within 5 miles from an airport shall only be initiated after verbal 

coordination with the airport authority, or air traffic control when a control tower is present at the 

airport; 

• All operations shall comply with required permissions and permits established by territorial, state, 

county or city jurisdictions; including local law enforcement, fire, or other appropriate 

governmental agencies. 

• The eBee operations will be compliant with existing safety procedures inherent to the activities of 

the related company. 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Continental Placer Inc. 

Exemption Request Under Section 333 

August 11, 2015 

Pg.4 

3. CONCLUSION 

Continental Placer Inc. is a geologic and environmental consulting company. Our services save our clients 

time and money giving the ability for them to make better decisions. The eBee is safer than having 

Continental Placer Inc.'s employees out in the field for specific projects, and also very safe for other 

aircrafts because of the mission specifications (below 400ft.) and eBee integrated safety features. 

We are prepared to modify or amend any part of this request to satisfy the need for an equivalent level of 

safety. We look forward to working with your office. Please contact us at any time if you require 

additional information or clarification. 

Respectfully Submitted, 

CONTINENTAL PLACER INC. 

Brent J. Tardif, PG 

President 

Attached 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Continental Placer Inc. 

Exemption Request Under Section 333 

August 11, 2015 

Pg. 5 

EXEMPTION REQUEST AND EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF SAFETY SHOWINGS UNDER 

APPLICABLE RULES SUBJECT TO EXEMPTION 

Continental Placer Inc. requests an exemption from the following regulations as well as any additional 

regulations that may technically apply to the operation of the eBee: 

14 C.F.R. Part 21, Subpart H: Airworthiness Certificates 

14 CFR § 91.203(a)(1) 

Section 91.203 requires all civil aircraft to have a certificate of airworthiness. Part 21, Subpart H, entitled 

Airworthiness Certificates, establishes the procedural requirements for the issuance of airworthiness 

certificates as required by FAR§ 91.203(a). Given the size ofthe eBee, its very light weight (the maximum 

take-off weight is 1.7 pounds) and the limited operating area associated with its utilization, it is 

unnecessary to go through the certificate of airworthiness process under Part 21 Subpart H in order to 

achieve or exceed current safety levels. 

Such an exemption meets the requirements of an equivalent level of safety under Part 11 and Section 333 

of the Reform Act. The Federal Aviation Act and Section 333 of the Reform Act both authorize the FAA 

to exempt aircraft from the requirement for an airworthiness certificate, upon consideration of the size, 

weight, speed, operational capability, and proximity to airports and populated areas of the UAS involved. 

An analysis of these different criteria demonstrates that the eBee operated without an airworthiness 

certificate, under the conditions proposed in that exemption, will be at least as safe, or safer, than a 

conventional aircraft with an airworthiness certificate. A proprietary risk assessment for operations with 

the eBee, which demonstrates that assertion, is also being submitted to the FAA as part of this 

application. Continental Placder Inc. requests the FAA treat the eBee risk assessment as proprietary under 

14 C.F.R. 11.35(b) and not include this document in the public docket. 

14 C.F.R. § 45.23 & 14 C.F.R. § 45.29: Display of marks; size of marks 

These regulations provide that each aircraft must display "N" and the aircraft's registration number in 

letters at least 3 inches high. Additionally, the aircraft must display the word "EXPERIMENTAL" in 

letters at least 2 inches high near the entrance to the cabin, cockpit, or pilot station. 

Given the size of the eBee (wingspan of37.8 inches), this requirement is impossible to match. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.7(a): Civil aircraft airworthiness 

This regulation requires that no person may operate a civil aircraft unless it is in airworthy condition. 

Should the exemption be granted allowing commercial operation of the eBee without an airworthiness 

certificate, no standard will exist for airworthiness of the eBee. Given the size of the aircraft and the 

previous airworthiness assessments given to the eBee, among others: 

• New Mexico State University: https://newscenter.nmsu.edu/ Articles/view/] 0208/nmsu-uas-tlighttest-center-conducts-ebee-ai•worthiness-assessment. 

• USACE New Orleans, who coordinated with the Department of Army and the FAA to obtain all 

authorizations required in order to operate the eBee UAS for levee system monitoring, 

documentation of construction progress, and extensive oblique photography of USACE structures 

& activities. 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Continental Placer Inc. 

Exemption Request Under Section 333 

August 11, 2015 

Pg.6 

An equivalent level of safety will be achieved by insuring compliance with the SenseFly manuals prior to 

each flight. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.9: Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirements. 

This regulation provides that no person may operate an aircraft unless a current, approved flight manual is 

in the aircraft. Continental Placer Inc. assumes that the intent of this requirement is to ensure that flight 

manual information is available to the aircrew while operating the aircraft. Continental Placer Inc. 

requests an exemption to this requirement since the aircraft is not only too small to carry documentation, 

the documentation would not be available to the crew. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved by keeping a hard copy of the flight manual in the eBee 

transportation box. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.109(a) & 91.319(a)(l): Flight Instruction 

The regulation provides that "No person may operate a civil aircraft that is being used for flight 

instruction unless that aircraft has fully functioning dual controls." 

Flight instruction will be accomplished through an elaborated training program, using first the simulation 

mode of the flight management software eMotion (see Appendix E). The equivalent level of safety during 

the training will be achieved by the manufacturer or authorized distributor providing the training and 

through the use of experienced and qualified operators familiar with the eBee. 

14 CFR § 91.119: Minimum Safe Altitudes 

The regulation provides that over sparsely populated areas the aircraft cannot be operated closer than 500 

feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. Since the aircraft will be operating at a maximum of 400 

feet AGL, the eBee cannot comply with this requirement. 

The equivalent level of safety will be achieved because the eBee will only fly over private property with 

the permission of the landowner. The operator will define before every flight a working area radius and a 

flight area ceiling, preventing the eBee to go beyond the flight area. The landowner and the persons who 

may be on the ground in the flight area will be briefed of the expected route of flight and the associated 

risks to persons and property on the ground. Due to the small size of the eBee and the material with which 

the eBee is built, the hazard to persons, vessels, vehicles, and structures is not comparable to manned 

aircraft and should be considered in granting the exemption. 

Moreover, the aircraft will not be operated over congested areas or over any open-air assembly of persons. 

The aircraft will be operated at an altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without 

undue hazard to persons or property on the surface. 

14 CFR 91.121 -Altimeter settings 

This section requires that each person operating an aircraft shall maintain the cruising altitude or flight 

level of that aircraft, as the case may be, by reference to an altimeter that is set, when operating below 

18,000 feet MSL to: 

• The current reported altimeter setting of a station along the route and within 1 00 nautical miles of 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Continental Placer Inc. 

Exemption Request Under Section 333 

August II, 2015 

Pg. 7 

the aircraft; 

• If there is no station within the area prescribed in paragraph (a)(l)(i) of this section, the current 

reported altimeter setting of an appropriate available station; 

• In the case of an aircraft not equipped with a radio, the elevation of the departure airport or an 

appropriate altimeter setting available before departure. 

To provide an equivalent level of safety, the eBee autopilot calculates the reference altitude (ground level) 

with the on-board GPS during the pre-flight tests. The GPS and barometer data are merged with respect to 

their respective precisions. The GPS provides reliable information to correct potential barometric bias, 

while rapid variations in altitude are detected through the barometer. Hence, barometric bias induced by 

environmental factors is rejected. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.15l(a): Fuel Requirements for Flight in VFR Conditions 

The regulation provides that no person may begin a flight in an airplane under day-VFR conditions unless 

there is enough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing and to fly after that for at least 30 minutes. 

Given the area of operation for the eBee, Continental Placer Inc. believes that an equivalent level of safety 

is already achieved with the specific procedure preventing the eBee to accept a take-off order if the battery 

level is below a given value. Moreover, SenseFly has integrated "low" and "critical" battery level warnings 

and implemented a "return to Home" (and "Go Land") actions in these situations. 

14 C.F.R. § 91.203 (a) & (b): Carrying Civil Aircraft Certification and Registration 

This regulation provides as follows: 

• No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it has an appropriate and current airworthiness 

certificate. 

• No person may operate a civil aircraft unless the airworthiness certificate required by paragraph 

(a) of this section or a special flight authorization issued under §91.715 is displayed at the cabin 

or cockpit entrance so that it is legible to passengers or crew. 

The eBee weighs only 1.7 pounds (max take-off weight). As such, there is no ability or place to carry 

certification and registration documents or to display them on the UAS. In addition, there is no pilot or 

passengers on board the aircraft. 

To obtain an equivalent level of safety and meet the intent of 91.203, Continental Placer Inc. propose that 

documents deemed appropriate for this aircraft by the FAA will be co-located with the operator at the 

ground control station in the eBee box and available for inspection upon request 

14 CFR Subpart E (91.401- 91.417)- Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations 

The regulation provides that the operator is primarily responsible for maintaining the aircraft in an 

airworthy condition, including compliance with Parts 39 and 43. Paragraphs 91.407 and 91.409 require 

that the aircraft be "approved for return to service by a person authorized under 43.7" after maintenance 

and inspection. Section 91.409(a)(2) requires an annual inspection for the issuance of an airworthiness 

certificate. Section 91.417(a) requires the owner or operator to keep records showing certain maintenance 

work that has been accomplished by certificated mechanics, under Part 43, or licensed pilots and records of 

approval of the aircraft for return to service. 

Continental Placer Inc. proposes that the maintenance of the eBee will be accomplished by the 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
Continental Placer Inc. 

Exemption Request Under Section 333 

August 11,2015 

Pg.8 

owner/operator according to the maintenance manual, provided by SenseFly (see Appendix D). 

Continental Placer Inc. requests the FAA treat the eBee training program as proprietary under 14 C.F.R. 

11.35(b) and not include this document in the public docket. 

An equivalent level of safety will be achieved because the eBee is small in size, it is not a complex 

mechanical device, it will carry no external payload, and it will operate only in restricted predetermined 

areas. Moreover, the operator is the person most familiar with the aircraft and is best suited to maintain the 

aircraft in an airworthy condition and to ensure an equivalent level of safety. Finally, before every flight, 

the eBee runs automatically a sequence of pre-flight tests to make sure that every sensor and every critical 

part is running properly. If a problem is detected, the eBee will not be able to be switched-on and a 

message error is displayed on the main screen of the flight management software. The operator can then 

refer to the maintenance manual to troubleshoot this issue. Several parts of the eBee are easily 

interchangeable (propellers, wings), which allows the operator to make sure the wings and propulsion 

system are always airworthy when a mission is initiated. 

GEOLOGIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 
APPENDIX 

A. eBee User Manual 

B. Academy of Model Aeronautics Safety Code 

C. Air Worthiness and Safety Assessment 

D. Maintenance Procedures 

E. Training Documentation 
APPENDIX A 

eBee User Manual 

n 
--------sense Fly 

Extended User Manual 

eBee and eBee Ag 

Revision 14 I December 2014 

Copyright© 2010-2015 senseFiy Ltd 

"-V- senseFiy 

a Parrot company 
GENERAL INFORMATION 

READ THIS USER MANUAL CAREFULLY BEFORE USING A SENSEFLY LTD PRODUCT. 

senseFiy Ltd products are intended for professional use only. 

Applicable Regulations 

senseFiy ltd products are subject to Civil Aviation regulations. Regulations may vary depending on the country 

where you intend to operate your product. 

ANY USE OF SENSEFLY LTD PRODUCTS IN BREACH OF THE LAW OF THE COUNTRY WHERE YOU OPERATE THE PRODUCT 

IS UNDER YOUR SOLE RESPONSIBILITY. 

INFORM YOURSELF BEFORE USING THE PRODUCT. SOME COUNTRIES MAY HAVE LAWS THAT LIMIT THE USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT TO 'LINE-OF-SIGHT' OPERATIONS AND/OR PROHIBIT THE USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT AT ALL 

OR IN SPECIFIC AREAS. 

Privacy 

Recording and circulating an image of an individual may constitute an infringement of their image and privacy for 

which you can be liable. Ask for authorization before taking pictures of an individual, particularly if you want to keep 

your recordings and/or circulate images on the Web or any other medium. Do not circulate degrading images or 

ones that could undermine the reputation or dignity of an individual. Check that your use of the cameras on board 

senseFiy ltd products comply with the legal provision on privacy in the country where you operate your product. 

Limited Warranty 

SenseFiy ltd warrants that the product will be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of twelve 

(12) months from the date of delivery. SenseFiy ltd further warrants that the product will perform substantially in 

accordance with its specification. During the warranty period senseFiy ltd's sole liability shall be at senseFiy ltd's 

sole option, either to repair or to replace the defective product with another product or a product with similar specifications, at no charge, or to reimburse the purchase price of the product, or if repair or replacement is not possible, 

issue a credit note; provided however, that the defect has been confirmed by senseFiy ltd and that the defective 

product is returned to senseFiy ltd in accordance with the support and repair form together with all required flight 

logfiles. 

Warranty does not apply, without limitation, in case: a) the products are not stored and used according to their 

specifications, b) the products are damaged due to carelessness, negligence, or wrong use by the user, and c) for 

defects due to normal wear and tear including, but not limited to, deterioration to the airframe after first flight, 

normal degradation, misuse, moisture or liquids, proximity or exposure to heat, accidents, excessive strain, abuse, 

neglect, misapplication, repairs or modifications made by third party other than senseFiy ltd, damage due to manual 

operation, damage due to take-off or landing location with obstacles, damage due to low altitude flight, damage due 

to loss of data radio connection, damage due to strong wind, rain or humidity, or other causes for which sense Fly ltd 

has no control. 
THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES ARE IN LIEU OF ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND OF 

ANY OTHER OBLIGATION ON THE PART OF SENSEFLY LTD. 

Limitation of liability 

TO THE EXTENT PERMITIED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL SENSE FLY LTD BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF PROFIT, LOSS OF DATA, OR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF 

SENSEFLY LTD HAS BEEN NOTIFIED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, AND WHETHER THIS LIABILITY ARISES 

FROM A CLAIM BASED ON CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT OR OTHERWISE, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF GROSS NEGLIGENCE AND DEATH. 

YOU SHALL AT ALL TIMES OPERATE THE PRODUCT IN AREAS OR UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES SO AS TO GUARANTY SECURITY AND SAFETY OF PEOPLE, PROPERTY AND ANIMALS. 

FCC and iC Compliance statement : 

~ This device complies with part 1 S ofthe FCC Rules and Industry Canada License-exempt RSS standard(s). 

Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 

1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 

2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void 

the user's authority to operate the equipment. 

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to part 

15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide a reasonable protection against harmful interference in a 

residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed 

and uses in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, 

there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful 

interference to radio or television reception, wich can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user 

is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: 

1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna 

2. Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver 

3. Connect the equipment into a an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected 

4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. 
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003. 

This equipment complies with FCC's radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment under the 

following conditions: 

1. This equipment should be installed and operated such that a minimum separation distance of 20cm is 

maintained between the radiator (antenna) and user's/nearby person's body at all times. 

2. This transmitter must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. 

Disposal of this product at the end of its life 

~ At the end of this product's life, please do not dispose of this product in your general household waste. A Instead, in order to prevent possible harm to the environment or human health from uncontrolled waste 

disposal, please dispose of this product separately in accordance with your local laws and regulation. For 

- more information on the separate collection systems for waste electrical and electronic equipment that 

are available for consumers, near your home, free of charge, please contact your local municipal authority. 

You can also contact senseFiy Ltd or the reseller from which you purchased your drone who may provide recycling 

services or be part of a recycling scheme. 

Copyrights 

senseFiy Ltd reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions contained in this document at any time without notice. Please consult www.sensefly.com for the latest release. 

Copyright© 2015 sense Fly Ltd. All rights reserved. REPRODUCTION, USE OR DISCLOSURE OF ALL OR IN PART OF THIS 

MANUAL TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITIEN PERMISSION OF SENSEFLY LTD IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED. 
Address 

sensefly Ltd 

Route de Geneve 38 

1033 Cheseaux-Lausanne 

Switzerland 

Website: http:/ /www.sensetly.com 

Technical support 

If you have questions about any of your senseFiy products: 

• Try our Knowledge Base. You can find it within my.senseFiy {http://my.sensefly.com). 

• Send an email to support@sensetly.com. 
Welcome to your eBee 

Congratulations on your purchase of the eBee, a complex and powerful yet intuitive autonomous mapping system. We take great care to develop and design the 

best possible hardware and software tools for quick, high-quality and easy-to-use 

20 and 3D aerial mapping. 

0 Note: This manual refers to the version 2.4 of eMotion and version 3.2 

of Postflight Terra 3D software. Check the software version included 

in your package and consult the Release Notes for potential changes 

included in more recent versions of the software. 
Package contents 

eBee 

battery 

packs 

spare 

propeller 

remote control, 

cables and 

propeller 

attachment 

bands 

ground 

modem 

EPP 

glue 

wing eBee 

central body 

wing 

User manual 

battery 

charger 

eBee 

battery 

charger 

cable 

camera 

charger 

camera 
The standard eBee package contains the following items: 

• 1x carrying case with foam protection 

• 1 x eBee central body with built-in autopilot 

• 1x pair of detachable wings 

• 1x spare propeller 

• 1 Ox spare propeller attachment rubber bands 

• 2x Lithium-Polymer battery packs 

• 1 x Lithium-Polymer battery charger (including cables) 

• 1 x 2.4 GHz USB ground modem (FCC 10: 2AC2VGMEBEE) for radio data link 

(including USB cable) 

• 1x 2.4 GHz remote control (including including 3 AA batteries) 

• 1x still camera (including memory card, battery and charger) 

• 1 x USB cable for interfacing with camera and on-board autopilot 

• 1x EPP glue 

• 1 x eBee User Manual 

• 1 x camera User Manual 

Depending on your order, your package may also include other items, such as 

additional payloads. Please verify upon delivery that your package is complete. 

In case of a missing item, please contact your eBee reseller immediately. 

0 Note: Camera user manuals are also available to download from our 

Knowledge Base, part of my.senseFiy*. 

* http:/ /my.sensefly.com 
Hardware features 

sensor 

Bottom face of 

the central body -=====~=-

Detachable 

wing 

The eBee is an autonomous flying drone comprised of the following components: 

• Central body: This is the core of the eBee and includes all the electronics, 

actuators and communications hardware on-board the drone. 

• Wing: The two wings of the eBee are detachable for storage and replacement. Each wing has two wing struts and two clips to hold it in place within 

the central body. 
• Wing lets: These structures add aerodynamic stability to the drone while it 

is in flight. 

• Ailerons: Used to control the eBee while in flight. 

• Servo connection mechanism: The ailerons are connected to the servomotors within the central body of the drone through this connection mechanism. 

• Propeller: Used to generate thrust while it is in flight. 

Caution: When attached to the motor the propeller spins at high 

speeds and can be potentially dangerous if it comes into contact with 

exposed skin. Be sure to always keep your hands clear of the propeller 

when the battery is attached to the eBee. 

• Battery compartment: The eBee is powered by a LiPo (Lithium Polymer) 

battery stored within the battery compartment. 

Caution: Proper care of your battery is essential. Please read section 

'Proper battery care' on page 140 before using your drone for the first 

time. 

• Camera compartment: The e8eefeatures a built-in camera for taking aerial 

images stored within the camera compartment. 

• Data Link Antenna: Used by the drone to communicate with the eMotion 

software through the USB ground modem. 

• Pitot probe: This is the sensor used by the eBee to detect airspeed, wind 

and altitude. It must be kept clean and clear of obstructions to function 

properly. 

• Status LED: This coloured LED displays the current state of the eBee. It is 

housed underneath the pitot probe and thus illuminates the entire transparent probe in various colours depending on the drone's state. 
• Ground sensor: The ground sensor, composed of a high-speed optical 

sensor and lens assembly, is used to detect the proximity of the ground. 
Software features 

The eBee package allows you to download and use eMotion* and 

Postflight Terra 30 * t at no extra cost. 

eMotion 2 

senseF/y 

eMotion is the integrated software package that allows you to interact with your 

eBee. Its easy-to-use interface allows you to plan a mapping flight intuitively from 

the comfort of your office or directly in the field. Once the drone is launched, you 

can use eMotion's wireless connection with your eBee to track its position, monitor 

the progress of your mapping flight and send commands if desired. 

Postflight ,. !t' 

Terra .. Powered by Pix40 ~ 

Once your eBee returns after an aerial mapping flight it is the turn of Postflight 

Terra 30 to process the captured images fully automatically. Postflight Terra 30 is 

a full-featured mapping solution: with just a few mouse clicks it can create highquality geo-referenced 20 and 3D orthomosaics and digital elevation/surface models (DEM/DSM}. While you are still in the field Postflight Terra 30 analyses the quality ofthe captured images and generates an easy to understand report, letting you 

know immediately if the data you captured meets your mapping requirements. 

* Software access terms and conditions apply 

t Postflight Terra 3D works with eBee images only 
Contents 

Quick start guide 19 

1 Planning and simulating a flight 20 

1.1 Installing eMotion, Postflight Terra 30, and the ground modem 

drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

1.2 The eMotion interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 

1.3 Creating a new flight plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 

1.4 The mission phase of a flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 

1.5 Simulating your flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 

1.6 Getting ready for a mission 

2 Executing a flight 

2.1 Weather check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.2 Preparing the eBee for flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.3 The setup phase of a flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.4 Take-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.5 In-flight monitoring and control ................. . 

2.6 Landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2.7 Potential in-flight errors 

3 Processing image data 

27 

29 

29 

30 

39 

43 

46 

48 

48 

50 

3.1 Importing images and flight data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 

3.2 In-field image quality check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 

3.3 Creating advanced mapping products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 
II Advanced functionalities 57 

4 Understanding aerial mapping with the eBee 58 

4.1 Waypoints and their properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 

4.2 Advanced polygonal mission area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 

4.3 

4.4 

4.5 

4.6 

3D mission planning using elevation data . . . . . . . 

Flight visualization in Google EarthTM ........ . 

Autonomous controller and modes of flight . . . 

Linear landing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

63 

66 

68 

72 

4.7 Flying multiple drones at the same time . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 

4.8 Individual photo targets and oblique imagery . . . . . . . . . 83 

4.9 Emergency Manoeuvres 

5 eMotion in-depth guide 

5.1 Toolbar ........................ . 

85 

89 

90 

5.2 Simulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 

5.3 Control Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 

5.4 Flight Monitoring tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 

5.5 Setup Phase tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 

5.6 Mission Planning tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 

5.7 Mission Waypoints tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 

5.8 Camera tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 

5.9 Flight Parameters tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 

6 Manual control of the eBee 

6.1 

6.2 

Enabling manual control . . . 

Pre-flight testing of the remote control ....... . 

126 

126 

128 
6.3 Full Manual mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 

6.4 Assisted Manual mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 
"' 

Ill Maintenance, Repair and Troubleshooting 133 

7 Maintenance and repair of the eBee 134 

7.1 Updating the eBee software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 

7.2 Cleaning and storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 

7.3 Full airframe and sensor inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 

7.4 Repairing the eBee airframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 

7.5 Proper battery care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 

8 Troubleshooting 143 

IV 

8.1 Pre-flight errors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 

8.2 

8.3 

8.4 

8.5 

8.6 

8.7 

8.8 

Take-offvetoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 

In-flight warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 

Critical failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 

Resetting default camera settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 

Improving radio signal communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 

Losing and locating your eBee in the field . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 

Reporting a problem with your eBee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 

Specifications 167 

1 Software requirements 168 

2 Drone specifications 169 
Part I 

Quick start guide 

The first part of this document introduces you to the eBee and contains the basic 

information you will need to plan and execute a simple mapping project. A typical 

mapping project can be divided into three main phases: 

1. Planning and simulating a flight: Every project begins with careful planning, whether it is a quick flight over a small area or a multi-stage flight 

in complex terrain. Section 'Planning and simulating a flight' on the next 

page describes how to use the Mission Planning feature to quickly generate 

a flight plan and to test it using the built-in simulator. 

2. Executing a flight: Once planning is complete, it is time for the drone to 

perform its flight. In section 'Executing a flight' on page 29 you will learn 

how to prepare your drone for flight, connect it to eMotion, and to monitor 

it in flight while it gathers images. Though the eBee can complete a flight 

fully autonomously from take-off to landing, you can also modify its flight 

plan at any point during flight. 

3. Processing image data: The last step in a project is converting the images 

taken by your eBee into usable products such as precise geo-referenced orthomosaics or 3D terrain models. section 'Processing image data' on page 50 

leads you through the process of transferring images from the drone to a 

computer, checking if the image quality suits your needs while still in the 

field and producing advanced 2D and 3D maps. 
APPENDIXB 

Academy of Model Aeronautics Safety Code 
A. 

~ 1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

~ .... 1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

C. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

~ I. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Academy of Model Aeronautics National Model Aircraft Safety Code 

Effective January 1, 2014 

GENERAL: A model aircraft is a non-human-carrying aircraft capable of sustained flight in the atmosphere. It may not exceed limitations of this code and is 

intended exclusively for sport, recreation, education and/or competition. All model flights must be conducted in accordance with this safety code and any 

additional rules specific to the flying site. 

Model aircraft will not be flown: 

(a) In a careless or reckless manner. 

(b) At a location where model aircraft activities are prohibited. 

Model aircraft pilots will: 

(a) Yield the right of way to all human-carrying aircraft. 

(b) See and avoid all aircraft and a spotter must be used when appropriate. (AMA Document #540-D.) 

(c) Not fly higher than approximately 400 feet above ground level within three (3) miles of an airport without notifying the airport operator. 

(d) Not interfere with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport or seaplane base except where there is a mixed use agreement. 

(e) Not exceed a takeoff weight, including fuel, of 55 pounds unless in compliance with the AMA Large Model Airplane program. (AMA Document 520-A.) 

(f) Ensure the aircraft is identified with the name and address or AMA number of the owner on the inside or affixed to the outside of the model aircraft. (This 

does not apply to model aircraft flown indoors.) 

(g) Not operate aircraft with metal-blade propellers or with gaseous boosts except for helicopters operated under the provisions of AMA Document #555. 

(h) Not operate model aircraft while under the influence of alcohol or while using any drug that could adversely affect the pilot's ability to safely control the 

model. 

(i) Not operate model aircraft carrying pyrotechnic devices that explode or burn, or any device which propels a projectile or drops any object that creates a 

hazard to persons or property. 

Exceptions: 

• Free Flight fuses or devices that bum producing smoke and are securely attached to the model aircraft during flight. 

• Rocket motors (using solid propellant) up to a G-series size may be used provided they remain attached to the model during flight. Model rockets may 

be flown in accordance with the National Model Rocketry Safety Code but may not be launched from model aircraft. 

• Officially designated AMA Air Show Teams (AST) are authorized to use devices and practices as defined within the Team AMA Program Document. 

(AMA Document#718.) 

0) Not operate a turbine-powered aircraft, unless in compliance with the AMA turbine regulations. (AMA Document #510-A.) 

Model aircraft will not be flown in AMA sanctioned events, air shows or model demonstrations unless: 

(a) The aircraft, control system and pilot skills have successfully demonstrated all maneuvers intended or anticipated prior to the specific event. 

(b) An inexperienced pilot is assisted by an experienced pilot. 

When and where required by rule, helmets must be properly wom and fastened. They must be OSHA, DOT, ANSI, SNELL or NOCSAE approved or comply 

with comparable standards. 

RADIO CONTROL (RC) 

All pilots shall avoid flying directly over unprotected people, vessels, vehicles or structures and shall avoid endangerment of life and property of others. 

A successful radio equipment ground-range check in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations will be completed before the first flight of a new or 

repaired model aircraft. 

At all flying sites a safety line(s) must be established in front of which all flying takes place. (AMA Document #706.) 

(a) Only personnel associated with flying the model aircraft are allowed at or in front of the safety line. 

(b) At air shows or demonstrations, a straight safety line must be established. 

(c) An area away from the safety line must be maintained for spectators. 

(d) Intentional flying behind the safety line is prohibited. 

RC model aircraft must use the radio-control frequencies curren~y allowed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Only individuals properly 

licensed by the FCC are authorized to operate equipment on Amateur Band frequencies. 

RC model aircraft will not knowingly operate within three (3) miles of any pre-existing flying site without a frequency-management agreement. (AMA 

Documents #922 and #923.) 

With the exception of events flown under official AMA Competition Regulations, excluding takeoff and landing, no powered model may be flown outdoors 

closer than 25 feet to any individual, except for the pilot and the pilot's helper(s) located at the flightline. 

Under no circumstances may a pilot or other person touch an outdoor model aircraft in flight while it is still under power, except to divert it from striking an 

individual. 

RC night flying requires a lighting system providing the pilot with a clear view of the model's attitude and orientation at all times. Hand-held illumination 

systems are inadequate for night flying operations. 

The pilot of an RC model aircraft shall: 

(a) Maintain control during the entire flight, maintaining visual contact without enhancement other than by corrective lenses prescribed for the pilot. 

(b) Fly using the assistance of a camera or First-Person View (FPV) only in accordance with the procedures outlined in AMA Document #550. 

(c) Fly using the assistance of autopilot or stabilization system only in accordance with the procedures outlined in AMA Document #560. 

FREE FLIGHT 

Must be at least 100 feet downwind of spectators and automobile parking when the model aircraft is launched. 

Launch area must be clear of all individuals except mechanics, officials, and other fliers. 

An effective device will be used to extinguish any fuse on the model aircraft after the fuse has completed its function. 

CONTROL LINE 

The complete control system (including the safety thong where applicable) must have an inspection and pull test prior to flying. 

The pull test will be in accordance with the current Competition Regulations for the applicable model aircraft category. 

Model aircraft not fitting a specific category shall use those pull-test requirements as indicated for Control Line Precision Aerobatics. 

The flying area must be clear of all utility wires or poles and a model aircraft will not be flown closer than 50 feet to any above-ground electric utility lines. 

The flying area must be clear of all nonessential participants and spectators before the engine is started. 
~ 

Academy of Model Aeronautics 

5161 East Memorial Drive Muncie, Indiana 47302 

(BOO) 435-9262- Membership Services 

www.modelaircraft.org 

"SEE AND AVOID" GUIDANCE 

A. General: 

4• 

Ali.P:. 

ACADEMY OF 

MODEL AERONAUTICS 

1. The primary means to avoid collisions between all aircraft flying within our National Airspace System 

(NAS) is "See and Avoid." 

2. Vigilance must be maintained by each person operating an aircraft (whether model or manned) so as to 

"see and avoid" other aircraft. 

3. Model aircraft must avoid manned aircraft. Our privilege to fly model aircraft in the NAS depends on our 

commitment to remain "well clear" of manned aircraft. 

4. Simply avoiding an actual collision is not enough. A "near miss" is not acceptable. 

5. Unless flying at a mixed-use site where manned and model aircraft routinely share airspace through 

their own site-specific rules, model aircraft must fly sufficiently far away from manned aircraft so as not to 

create a collision hazard. 

""*' 6. Model aircraft flying must not only be safe, it must be perceived to be safe by the greater manned 

aviation community. Modelers must continually demonstrate their respect for the safety of manned 

aircraft by remaining vigilant and well clear. 

7. Whenever a potential conflict arises between model aircraft and manned aircraft, the pilot ofthe model 

aircraft must always give way to the manned aircraft. 

8. The pilot of a model aircraft must never assume the pilot of a manned aircraft can see the= model or will 

perform any maneuver to avoid the model's flight path. 

9. Visual line of Sight is required by the Safety Code. It means that visual contact with the aircraft must be 

maintained without enhancement other than by corrective lenses prescribed for the model aircraft pilot. 

All RC flying must remain clear of clouds smoke or any other obstruction to the line of sight. 

10. "Blue Sky" is a term used to explain the method used to increase separation between a model and a 

manned aircraft in the same vicinity. The modeler should maneuver the aircraft in such a way as to 

increase the amount of blue sky perceived between the model and the manned aircraft. By increasing the 

blue sky separation, the question about depth perception is taken out of the equation and the modeler 

need not worry whether the model is closer to him than the manned aircraft or further away. Increasing 

the blue sky between the model and the manned aircraft automatically increases separation between 

them. 

Academy of Model Aeronautics 5161 East Memorial Drive Muncie, Indiana 47302 

(800} 435-9262 I Membership Services I www.modelaircraft.org 
~ 

Academy of Model Aeronautics "'- 4• ~ 

~~4 e"JSr ifP 'AI\Ji~J 5161 East Memorial Drive Muncie, Indiana 47302 

(800) 435-9262- Membership Services 

www.modelaircraft.org 

ACADEMY OF 

MODEL AERONAUTICS 

11. A modeler should never place any consideration for the well-being of the model aircraft above the 

safety of manned aircraft. Maneuvering to avoid the conflict may require that the model aircraft be 

sacrificed. 

12. Free flight models should not be launched with relatively low altitude manned 

aircraft in sight and downwind or headed downwind from the launch site. 

B. Spotters: 

1. Before a flight, the pilot must insure that the spotter understands his/her duties 

and expectations. 

2. A spotter should be used to assist in monitoring the surrounding airspace for manned aircraft whenever 

a flight is expected to exceed 400 feet above the ground and that operation is expected to be in proximity 

to known manned aircraft traffic such as at a mixed-use facility or within three miles of an airport. The 

spotter must have sufficient visual acuity and be mature enough to take this responsibility very seriously. 

3. A spotter should also be prepared to assist his/her pilot in the event that another model aircraft or 

spectators become endangered or in turn are perceived to be a danger to the pilot or the pilot's model 

aircraft. 

4. If a model aircraft pilot experiences what he or she considers a near miss with a manned aircraft, that 

model aircraft pilot should notify AMA Headquarters with a written report of the incident, including action 

taken by the model aircraft pilot to avoid the manned aircraft. This report is intended to help the modeler, 

the club, and the AMA capture as much detail as possible so that it may be used to assist all parties in 

recalling the particulars of the incident at a later time. Call1-800-435-9262 (1-800-IFLYAMA) extension 230 

or 251 for assistance with this report. 

Academy of Model Aeronautics 5161 East Memorial Drive Muncie, Indiana 47302 

(800) 435-9262 1 Membership Services I www.modelaircraft.org 
\A~~~ ~ SINCE1936 

Academy of Model Aeronautics 

AMA Advanced Flight Systems Committee 

amaflightsystems@gmail.com 

AMA Document# 560 

Radio Controlled Model Aircraft Operation 

Utilizing Failsafe, Stabilization and Autopilot Svstems 

1. DEFINITION OF TERMS: 

Please refer to Page 3, section 7 which contains an alphabetical listing of the definitions of the 

terms in italics that are used in this document. 

2. GENERAL: 

All model aircraft flights utilizing stabilization and autopilot control systems must be conducted 

in accordance with AMA's current National Model Aircraft Safety Code and any additional rules 

specific to a flying site/location. 

3. OPERATIONS- REQUIREMENTS- LIMITATIONS: 

a) AMA members flying radio controlled model aircraft equipped with flight stabilization and 

autopilot systems must maintain VLOS with the aircraft at all times including programmed 

autopilot waypoint flight. 

b) AMA Pilots must be able to instantaneously deactivate programmed flight of autopilot 

systems at any time during flight and resume manual control of the model aircraft. 

c) AMA Pilots must perform an RIC Test Flight of a model aircraft before activating a newly 

installed autopilot or stabilization system and/or after any repairs or replacement of model 

aircraft essential flight systems. 

d) Model aircraft exceeding 151bs and/or 70mph may only use an autopilot for a programmed 

"return to launch" (RTL) flight and not for programmed waypoint flying of a predetermined 

course. 

e) STABILIZATION & AUTOPILOT SYSTEMS MAY BE USED FOR/TO: 

• Stabilization/automatically stabilize aircraft to level flight when control sticks are centered. 

• Recovery/activate TRX switch to recover an out of control aircraft to level flight. 

• Heading/activate TRX switch to hold a model aircraft's heading for precision flight path. 

• Altitude/activate TRX switch to maintain fixed aircraft altitude while allowing directional control. 

• Return GPS/activate TRX switch to return aircraft via GPS to launch point. 

• Return FSS/failsafe activated from radio signal loss to return aircraft via GPS to launch point. 

• Fixed circle/activate TRX switch to circle aircraft at point of activation at fixed altitude. 

• Waypoint/activate TRX switch to initiate an autopilot programmed flight path via waypoints. 

• Fencing/autopilot programed to display site unique boundaries on video monitor/goggles. 

PAGE 1 OF 3 (Revision 01/14/2013) 
4. RANGE -ALTITUDE -WEIGHT- SPEED: 

a) One of the requirements in Federal Law (Public Law 112-95 Sec 336 (c) (2) February 14, 

2012) for model aircraft to be excluded from FAA regulations is that model aircraft be 

flown within VLOS of the operator. 

b) Model aircraft must be flown at or below 400 feet AGL when within 3 miles of an airport as 

stated in the AMA Safety Code. 

c) Model aircraft utilizing an autopilot for waypoint flying are limited to a maximum weight 

(including fuel, batteries, and onboard autopilot systems) of 151bs and a speed of 

70mph. 

5. RECOMMENDATIONS & INFORMATION: 

a) If your radio system lacks failsafe capability, consider using programmable digital servos or 

auxiliary failsafe modules. In the event of a radio signal failure these components will 

activate desired safe servo settings or an autopilot for return to base/launch (RTL). 

b) When using an autopilot system the "return to launch" (RTL) feature should be 

programmed to return the aircraft to a safe location and safely terminate the flight should 

manual control of the aircraft be lost. When using RTL, pay particular attention to the 

manufacturer's throttle recommendations to prevent stalling. 

c) The use of stabilization systems is recommended when flying FPV to improve flight 

stability and video quality. 

d) Pilots usually choose to incorporate stabilization and autopilot systems for model aircraft 

flying to enhance flight performance, correct bad tendencies of the model aircraft, 

maintain stability in windy weather, establish precision heading holds for 

takeoffs/landings, flight training for novice pilots, create a steady flight platform for 

cameras, and generally just to make an airplane easier and safer to fly. 

e) When purchasing stabilization and autopilot systems, always try to select quality equipment 

from reputable dealers, ensure for compatibility with other onboard systems, and install 

components according to manufacturers' instructions. 

6. PRIVACY PROTECTION SAFEGUARDS: 

The use of imaging technology for aerial surveillance with radio control model aircraft 

having the capability of obtaining high-resolution photographs and/or video, or using any 

types of sensors, for the collection, retention, or dissemination of surveillance data or 

information on individuals, homes, businesses, or property at locations where there is 

a reasonable expectation of privacy is strictly prohibited by the AMA unless written 

expressed permission is obtained from the individual property owners or managers. 

PAGE 2 OF 3 (Revision 01/14/2013) 
~ 7. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS: 

AMA Pilot is an AMA member who is capable of manually operating an RIC transmitter to 

control a model aircraft's flight path within its safe intended flight envelope without losing 

control or having a collision. 

Autopilot Systems incorporate programmable flight stabilization with an altitude sensor and 

a GPS receiver for accurate positioning and to navigate/control a radio controlled model 

aircraft's flight path. Advanced systems offer software for entering navigable waypoints. The 

flight data waypoints may be saved to autopilot's/GPS memory for programmed flight. 

Essential Flight Systems are any systems or components necessary to maintain 

stable flight within a model aircraft's flight envelope. (This includes primary RIC systems 

and any stabilization or gyros required to maintain stability and heading in certain 

types of model aircraft that would be uncontrollable/unstable without their use). 

Failsafe Systems are designed to minimize or prevent damage and safely terminate a 

flight when a radio controlled model aircraft loses radio signal. Modern radio systems can 

be programmed to position servos to a desired control setting in the event of radio signal 

failure. 

First Person View (FPV) refers to the operation of a radio controlled (RIC) model aircraft 

using an on board camera's cockpit view to orient and control the aircraft. (AMA Document 

#550). 

Flight Envelope is defined as the range of airspeeds, attitudes and flight maneuvers which 

a model aircraft can safely perform/operate for its intended use. 

Non-Essential Flight Systems are any systems or components that are not necessary to 

maintain stable flight within the model aircraft's intended flight envelope. (This includes 

autopilot or stabilization systems that can be activated and deactivated in flight by the pilot 

without affecting manually controlled stable flight). 

RIC Test Flight requires an AMA Pilot to manually operate an RIC transmitter to control 

a model aircraft's flight path and determine if the aircraft is capable of maintaining stable 

flight within its safe intended flight envelope. 

Stabilization Systems are designed to maintain intended model aircraft flight attitudes. 

The pilot can install, program and/or activate a system to stabilize yaw, pitch, or roll or any 

one attitude or combination of attitudes. Systems are often based on rate/heading hold 

gyros or inertial motion sensors utilizing multi-axis gyros and accelerometers for 

attitude stabilization. 

Visual Line of Sight (VLOS) is the distance at which the pilot is able to maintain visual 

contact with the aircraft and determine its orientation and attitude without enhancements 

other than corrective lenses. 

PAGE 3 OF 3 (Revision 07/20/2013)