FE corrections Alan Stout Alan Stout to: Giedrius Ambrozaitis, John Cabaniss 06/15/2011 09:19 AM

Giedrius and John, We finalized the fuel economy labeling rule last month and found that there were a few things that we need to correct. Attached is a file with a variety of adjustments to the regulations to address these concerns. These should be rather self-explanatory, but feel free to ask questions if any of this needs explanation. Our goal is to include these changes in the upcoming final rule for heavy -duty greenhouse gas emissions. With the goal of finalizing all this within the next two months or so , it would be good to give people a chance to look this over soon to make sure we get it right.

Let us know if you see anything that needs further attention.

Thanks much.

Alan

_______________ Alan Stout U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality 2000 Traverwood Dr. Ann Arbor, MI 48105 734-214-4805 734-214-4816 (fax) stout.alan@epa.govPART 86—CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HI GHWAY

VEHICLES AND ENGINES

§ 86.1 Reference materials. * * * * * (b) * * * (2) * * * (xli) SAE J1711, Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug -In Hybrid Vehicles, June 2010, IBR approved for § 86.1811-04(n). * * * * * (4) * * * (i) * * * (A) [Reserved] California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Proc edures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero

- Emission Vehicles and 2001 and Sub sequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light

- duty Truck and Medium

- duty Vehicle Classes, August 5, 1999, IBR approved for §§86.1806

– 01, 86.1811

– 04, 86.1844

– 01. * * * * *

§ 86.1806-01 On-board diagnostics. * * * * * (b) * * * (8) * * * (ii) [Reserved] The manufacturer must equip “off

- vehicle charge capable HEVs” with a useful life indicator for the battery system consisting of a light that must illuminate the first time the battery system is unable to achieve an all

- electric operati ng range (starting from a full state

of

- charge) which is at least 75 percent of the range d etermined for the vehicle in the Urban Driving Schedule portion of the All

- Electric Range Test (see the California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero

- Emission Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Elec tric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light

- Duty Truck and Medium

- Duty Vehicle Classes. These requirements are incorp orated by reference (see §86.1). * * * * *

§ 86.1806-05 On-board diagnostics for vehicles le ss than or equal to 14,000 pounds GVWR. * * * * * (b) * * * (8) * * * (ii) [Reserved] The manufacturer must equip “off

- vehicle charge capable HEVs” with a useful life indicator for the battery system consistin g of a light that must illuminate the first time th e battery system is unable to achieve an all

- electric operating range (starting from a full stat e

of

- charge) which is at least 75 percent of the range d etermined for the vehicle in the Urban Driving Schedu le portion of the All

- Electric Range Test (see the California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero

- Emission Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Elec tric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car,Light

- Duty Truc k and Medium

- Duty Vehicle Classes. These requirements are incorp orated

by reference (see §86.1). * * * * *

§ 86.1811-04 Emission standards for light-duty ve hicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles. * * * * * (n) Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and Zero Emission Veh icle (ZEV) requirements . For FTP and SFTP exhaust emissions, and unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, manufacturers must measure emissions from all HEVs and ZEVs accor ding to the procedures specified in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 86.1). requirements and test procedures found in the document entitled California Exhaust Emission S tandards and Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero

- Emission Vehicles and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hyb rid Electri c Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light

- duty Truck and Medium

- duty Vehicle Classes. This document is incorporated by reference (see §86 .1) . Requirements and procedures in this document that are relevant only to complying with t he California ZEV mandate, c omputing partial and full ZEV allowance credits, or generati ng and using ZEV credits, are not relevant to the federal program and may be disregarded. Disc ussion in that document relevant to fleet average NMOG standards and NMOG credits may also be disregar ded. * * * * *

§ 86.1823-08 Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions.
* * * * * (m) * * * (1) CO 2 . (i) Unless otherwise specified under paragraph (m )(1)(ii) of this section, manufacturers may use a multiplicative CO 2 deterioration factor of one or an additive deterio ration factor of

zero to determine full useful life emissions for the FT P and HFET tests

. * * * * *

(iii) Alternatively, manufacturers may use the whol e-vehicle mileage accumulation procedures in §86.1823–08 paragraphs (c) or (d)(1) to determine C O 2 deterioration factors. In this case, each FTP test performed on the durability data vehicle s elected under §86.1822–01 of this part must also be accompanied by an HFET test, and combined F TP/HFET CO 2 results determined by averaging the city (FTP) and highway (HFET) CO 2 values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. The deterioration factor will be determined for thi s combined CO 2 value. Calculated multiplicative deterioration factors that are less than one shall be set to equal one, and calculated additive deterioration factors that are less than z ero shall be set to zero. * * * * * (2) N 2 O and CH

4 . (i) For manufacturers complying with the FTP emission standards for N 2 O and CH 4 specified in §86.1818–12(f)(1) or determined under §86.1818–12 (f)(3)

, FTP-based deterioration factors for N 2 O and CH 4 shall be determined according to the provisions of paragraphs (a) through (l) of this section. (ii) For manufacturers complying with the fleet ave raging option for N 2 O and CH 4 as allowed under §86.1818–12(f)(2), deterioration factors based on FTP testing shall be determined and maybe used to determine full useful life emissions for the FTP and HFET tests. The manufacturer may optionally determine separate deterioration factors shall be determi ned for the FTP and HFET test cycles , in which case . Therefore each FTP test performed on the durability data vehicle selected under §86.1822–01 of this part mus t also be accompanied by an HFET test. * * * * * (3) Other carbon-related exhaust emissions

. D eterioration FTP-based deterioration factors shall be determined for carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE), hydroc arbons, and CO according to the provisions of paragraphs (a) through (l) of thi s section. The FTP-based deterioration factor shall be used to determine full useful life emissio ns for both the FTP (city) and HFET (highway) test cycles. The manufacturer may optionally determ ine separate deterioration factors for the FTP and HFET test cycles, in which case each FTP te st performed on the durability data vehicle selected under §86.1822 of this part must also be a ccompanied by an HFET test. I Optionally, i n lieu of determining emission-specific FTP and HFET deterioration factors for the specific hydrocarbons of CH 3 OH (methanol), HCHO (formaldehyde), C 2 H 5 OH (ethanol), and C 2 H 4 O (acetaldehyde) as may be required for some alternative fuel vehic les , manufacturers may use the additive or multiplicative deterioration factor det ermined for (or derived from, using good engineering judgment) NMOG or NMHC emissions accord ing to the provisions of this section. (4) Air Conditioning leakage and efficiency or other em ission credit requirements to comply with exhaust CO 2 standards . Manufactures will attest to the durability of com ponents and systems used to meet the CO 2 standards. Manufacturers may submit engineering da ta to provide durability demonstration. Deterioration factors do not apply to emission-rela ted components and systems used to generate air conditioning leakage a nd/or efficiency credits. * * * * *

§ 86.1844-01 Information requirements: Applicatio n for certification and submittal of information upon request. * * * * * (d) Part 1 Application . Part 1 must contain the following items: * * * (15) (i) For HEVs and EVs

, describe the recharging procedures and methods for determining battery performance, such as state of charge and ch arging capacity. (ii) For vehicles with fuel-fired heaters, include the information specified in this paragraph (d)(15)(ii). Describe the control system logic of the fuel-fired heater, including an evaluation of the conditions under which it can be operated an d an evaluation of the possible operational modes and conditions under which evaporative emissi ons can exist. Use good engineering judgment to establish an estimated exhaust emission rate from the fuel-fired heater in grams per mile. Describe the testing used to establish t he exhaust emission rate. unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, the information requ ired by the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Tes t Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero

- Emission Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light

- Duty Truck and Medium

- duty Vehicle Classes” must be supplied. These proce dures are incorporated by refere nce (see §86.1). * * * * *

PART 600— FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST E MISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES1. The authority citation for part 600 continues to re ad as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. 109–58

. § 600.011 Incorporation by reference. * * * * * (c) * * * (3) SAE J1711, Recommended Practice for Measuring t he Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybr id Vehicles, June 2010, IBR approved for §§ 600.114-12(c) and (f), 600.116–12(b)

, and 600.311-12(d), (j), and (k). * * * * * § 600.114-12 Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission calculations. * * * * * (c) Fuel economy calculations for hybrid electric vehic les. Under the requirements of § 86.1811, Test hybrid electric vehicles as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated by referenc e in § 600.011). are subject to California test methods which requir e FTP For FTP testing, this generally involves emission sampling for the 75 °F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the UDDS (cold-start, transient, warm-start, transient) ; however . Optionally , these four phases may be combined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4). Calcula tions for these sampling methods follow. * * * * * (e) * * * (2) * * * (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway carbon-related e xhaust emissions according to the following formula: 

# ( )

Start CREE RunningCREE HighwayCREE 0.905 +

=

Where: 

## ( )

( )

60 StartFuel 13637 .1 A 005515 .0 33.0 StartFC 75 × + × × = 

## ( ) ( )

60 StartCREE 13637 .1 A 005515 .0 33.0 StartCREE 75 × + × × = 

### ( ) 75 75 75 CREE 3 Bag CREE 1 Bag 3.6 CREE Start

−

× = 

### ( )             +

× × × +       + × = FE US06 1357 .0 A 00540 .0 133 .0 377 .0 FE HFET 21.0
FE Highway US06 79.0 007 .1 RunningFC 

## ( ) ( )



## [ ] ( ) ( ) ( ) 

## [ ] CREE US06 1357 .0 A 00540 .0 133 .0 377 .0 CREE HFET CREE Highway US06 79.0 007 .1 CREE Running

× + × × × + + × × =

* * * * *

(f) CO 2 and carbon-related exhaust emissions calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. Test H h ybrid electric vehicles as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated by referenc e in § 600.011).shall be tested according to California test method s which require FTP For FTP testing, this

generally involves emission sampling for the 75 °F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the UDDS (cold-start, transient, warm-start, transient) ; however . Optionally , these four phases may be combined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phase s 3 + 4). Calculations for these sampling methods follow. * * * * *

§ 600.116-12 Special procedures related to electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. * * * * * (b) * * * (4) * * *

1 1 1 1 exp j

k n

i i j i j i d UF C UF

ND −

= =          
= −  × 

−

           −      

## ∑ ∑

* * * * *