# Mobile'vs.'Centralized'Treatment'

### Base'Case' Centralized'Facility'–'500,000' bbls • Es=mated'Cost'' • $1,000,000'@'$1,200,000' • impoundment,'lining,'Piping'and' tanks' • PermiGng'not'included' • Water'treatment'equipment'not' included' Mobile'Treatment'Facility'–'100,000' bbls • Es=mated'Cost' • $520,000'@'$550,000'*' • 2'60K' bbl 'ASTs,'installa=on'and' breakdown,'liners,'grading,' piping' • PermiGng'not'included' • Water'treatment'not'included' *"Water"Well"Solu,ons"

### Base'Case' Centralized'Facility'–'500,000' bbls • Es=mated'Cost'' • $1,000,000'@'$1,200,000' Mobile'Treatment'Facility'–'100,000' bbls • Es=mated'Cost' • $520,000'@'$550,000' • 5'for'equivalent'capacity' • $2,600,000'@'$2,750,000'

• Relocate'same'tanks'4' addi=onal'=mes' • $57,000'for'each'reloca=on,'set' up'grading'and'liners'*' • $805,000'@'$835,000' *"Water"Well"Solu,ons"

### Centralized'vs.'Mobile'Facility' Centralized'Facility' • Lower'PermiGng'Cost' • Advantage'for'Concentrated' Ac=vity' Mobile'Facility' • Capex'Flexibility' • Relocatable' • Residual'Value' • Logis=cal'Advantage Logis=cal'Advantage' • Trucking'$2@$4/ bbl • Conserva=vely'$1/ bbl 'saving'by'loca=ng' closer'to'well'pads'

# Basic'Treatment'Requirements' What'Are'Your'Goals Cons=tuent' Slickwater Guar' (Linear)' Guar'(XL)' Hybrids'(XL)' Chlorides! (ppm)! 140K!(anionic)! No!Limit!(ca9onic)! 60K! 60K! 60K! Total!Hardness! (ppm)! 50K! 20K! 20K! 20K! Iron!(ppm)! 25! 10! 10! 10! Oil!(ppm)! 100! 50! 50! 50! TSS!(ppm)! 100! 100! 100! 100! Boron!!(ppm)! No!Limit! 10! 10! No!Limit! Bacteria!( cfu / ml)! 100! 100! 100! 100!

# Water'Treatment'Requirements' Centralized'Facility'(Tradi=onal)' • SoFening!via!EC,!Floc!and!Drop! • Bacterial!Control!via!Oxida9on! or!NonNOxidizing!Biocides! • Solids!Dewatering! • Filtra9on! Advantages/Disadvantages! • High!Solids,!NORM!poten9al! • BeTer!Water!Quality! • Will!require!post!treatment! disinfec9on! • $0.60!N!$1.00/ bbl Mobile'Treatment'(Low'Cost'Model)' • Bacterial!Control!via!Aera9on!and! Oxida9on!! • Electrochemical!Scale!Inhibi9on! • Filtra9on! Advantages/Disadvantages! • No!solids!for!disposal,!No!NORM! • Lower!Water!Quality,!but!good! enough!for! frac !fluid! • No!post!treatment!disinfec9on! required! • <!$0.30/ bbl

# Scale'Inhibi=on' Microbial'Control' 

# Water'Treatment'Requirements'

Filtra=on'

### Aera9on! • Bacterial!Control! • Iron!Oxida9on! • Sulfide!Oxida9on! EF80!Treatment! • Bacterial!Control! via!Oxida9on! • Iron!Oxida9on! • Sulfide!Oxida9on! • Scale!Inhibi9on! Filtra9on! • Solids!Control! 

# Water'Treatment'Requirements'

# Details'of'Treatment!! 

## Phase!1:!Aera9on!

Contaminants!Targeted:! • Bacteria! • Iron! • Sulfides! • Improved!Oil/Water!separa9on!

# Details'of'Treatment!! 

## Phase!1:!Aera9on!

Typical!Results!:!Iron!

25.1! 16.7! 168.7!

2.2! 6.3! 4.3! 91%! 62%! 97%!

0%! 10%! 20%! 30%! 40%! 50%! 60%! 70%! 80%! 90%! 100%!

0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100! 120! 140! 160! 180!

Working!Tank! Above!Surface!Tank! Produced!Water!Pit!%!Reduc9on!Total!Iron,!mg/L! Reduc9on!of!Total!Iron!through!Aera9on!

Before!Aera9on! AFer,!Aera9on! %!Reduciton!

15.1! 2.2! 103!

0.2! 0.3! 0.3! 99%! 86%! 100%!

0%! 10%! 20%! 30%! 40%! 50%! 60%! 70%! 80%! 90%! 100%!

0! 20! 40! 60! 80! 100! 120!

Working!Tank! Above!Surface!Tank! Produced!Water!Pit!%!Reduc9on!Ferrous!Iron,!mg/L! Reduc9on!of!Ferrous!Iron!through!Aera9on!

Before!Aera9on! AFer,!Aera9on! %!Reduciton!

# Details'of'Treatment!! 

## Phase!1:!Aera9on!

Typical!Results!:!Bacteria! 6907!

4259!

1462! 1294! 755! 262! 81%! 82%! 82%!

0%! 10%! 20%! 30%! 40%! 50%! 60%! 70%! 80%! 90%! 100%!

0! 1000! 2000! 3000! 4000! 5000! 6000! 7000! 8000!

Working!Tank! Above!Surface!Tank! Produced!Water!Pit!%!Reduc9on!ATP,!pg/ml! Reduc9on!of!ATP!through!Aera9on!

Before!Aera9on! AFer,!Aera9on! %!Reduciton!

# Submersible'Mixer

# Details'of'Treatment!! 

## Phase!1:!Aera9on!



# Floa=ng' Submersible' • Air!Driven! • Submersible!or! Floa9ng! • Submersible! beTer!for! oxida9on!and! solids!control!

# Details'of'Treatment!! 

## Phase!2:!Supplemental!Oxida9on! (as!needed)!

Contaminants!Targeted:! • Bacteria! • Iron! • Sulfides! • Improved!Oil/Water!separa9on!

# Details'of'Treatment!! 

## Phase!3:!Filtra9on!

Contaminants!Targeted:! • TSS! • Bacteria! • Iron! • Turbidity!

# Bag'Filtra=on' What'are'the'Basics'?



# • Bag!Filtra9on! • Bag!Fit! • Filter!Pod!Quality! • TSS!Goals! • TSS!Size!Distribu9on! • Micron!Size!! • TSS!loading!

# Bag'Filtra=on' What'Micron'? Par=cle'Size'Distribu=on'

0.0%! 0.0%! 84.2%!

5.4%! 1.0%! 9.3%! 0.0%! 0.0%! 97.9%!

0.7%! 0.8%! 0.6%! 0.0%! 20.0%! 40.0%! 60.0%! 80.0%! 100.0%! 120.0%!

>!10! 5!N!10! 1.5!N!5! 1!N!1.5! 0.45!N!1! <!0.45!Percentage!

Par9cle!Size,!μm! Par9cle!Size!Dis9bu9on!for!Produced!Water!Samples!

# Bag'Filtra=on' What'Micron'? TSS,'Turbidity'and'Size'Distribu=on'

Filter'size Table'1:'Filtra=on'Test'#1 Turbidity TSS 1 2 Ave 1 2 Ave None 5.52 5.17 5.345 2 1 1.5 10'μm 5.49 5.33 5.41 4 5 4.5 5'μm 5.37 5.66 5.515 3 1 2 1.5'μm 0.87 0.87 0.87 0 0 0 1'μm 0.58 0.56 0.57 0 0 0 0.45'μm 0.51 0.52 0.515 0 0 0

# Details'of'Treatment!! 

## Phase!4:!Oxida9on!

Contaminants!Targeted:! • Bacteria! • Iron! • Sulfides!• 80N!110!BPM! Capacity! • Environmentally! Friendly! • Small!Footprint! • Eliminates!use!of! Biocide,!Scale! Inhibitor! • Reduces!use!of! Fric9on!Reducer,! Gel,!Breaker!

## Over'90,000,000' bbls 'treated'

# Tes=ng'Program' InfraCal !2!ATRNSP! EPA!Method!1664

HACH!DR!900!for!TSS!and!iron

ATP!Kit!for!Real! Time!Bacteria! 

### • Unique'Hydrozonix'Feature' • Real'Time'Water'Quality' Tes=ng' • Creates'certainty'for' treatment'verifica=on' • Includes'tes=ng'Hydrocarbons,' Iron,'TSS'and'Bacteria' • Test'all'key'parameters'once' per'shim,'more'frequently' when'water'quality'changes' • Inline'probes'for'ORP'and'pH' • Hydrozonix'has'developed' proprietary'sample'prep' procedures'

# Bacteria'Tes=ng' Where'do'I'Sample'?

• Influent/Effluent!of! Treatment!System! • MPN! • ATP! • Con9nuous!Tes9ng! • Residual!Disinfec9on!/! Working!Tanks! • ATP! • Con9nuous!Tes9ng! • Source!Water! • ATP! • MPN! • Baseline!Tes9ng! Influent!&! Effluent! Source! Water! Tes9ng! Working! Tank! Monitoring!

## Summary'

• Centralized'Facili=es'can'have'advantages'when'opera=ons' are'concentrated'to'a'specific'area' • Mobile'facili=es'' • provide'Capex'flexibility' • Are'a'relocatable'asset' • Provide'transporta=on'savings' • Conven=onal'treatment'can'provide'beoer'quality'water' • Mobile'treatment' • Provide'good'enough'water'quality' • Lower'cost'op=on' • Real'=me'tes=ng'allows'valida=on'of'treatment' • Real'=me'and'comprehensive'tes=ng'is'cri=cal'to'running'an' effec=ve'treatment'program'' '! !

# www.hydrozonix.com'