IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

No. 00-10201

JENNIFER M. TOON,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

WACKENHUT CORRECTIONS CORPORATION;

MICHAEL WODKINS,

 Defendants-Appellees.

____________________________________

No. 00-10206

____________________________________

KATHLEEN DOE, on behalf of Victoria Doe,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

versus

WACKENHUT CORRECTIONS CORPORATION; 

JERRY DIAZ,

Defendants-Appellees.

____________________________________

No. 00-10234

____________________________________
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AMY BARTON; ET AL,

 Plaintiffs,

AMY BARTON; LINDA HARDEN, Individually and as 

Next Friend of AMY DOE, LAURIE OLVERA, IRIS 

OROSCO,

 Plaintiffs-Appellants,

versus

WACKENHUT CORPORATION; ET AL.,

Defendants,

WACKENHUT CORRECTIONS CORPORATION,

Defendant-Appellee.

Appeals from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Texas

May 17, 2001

Before POLITZ, DeMOSS, and STEWART, Circuit Judges.

CARL E. STEWART, Circuit Judge:

Plaintiffs’ counsel appeal the district court’s imposition of sanctions, which include a fine, a

prohibition on filing certain cases without leave of court, and a reduction of attorneys’ fees provided

for in a contingency fee agreement. For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

The underlying cases in this appeal arose after several young girls were allegedly sexually,

physically, andmentallyabused byemployees ofWackenhutCorrectionsCorporation (“Wackenhut”)

while residing in the Coke County Juvenile Justice Center (“CCJJC”) in Bronte, Texas. Wackenhut
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owned and operated the facility. 

The claims were settled in mediation for $1,500,000. Wackenhut was to prepare the

settlement papers by October 8, 1999, and wire transfer the settlement fundsto plaintiffs’ counsel by

October 15, 1999. However, it failed to do so. Plaintiffs’ counsel filed a motion to enforce the

settlement agreement in each action. Wackenhut then moved to set aside the settlement and sought

sanctions against plaintiffs’ counsel. Wackenhut claimed that plaintiffs’ counsel intentionally

disclosed the terms ofthe settlement agreement to the public by not filing the motion to enforce under

seal, in violation of a confidentiality provision in the settlement agreement. The unsealed motion

exposed the terms of the settlement agreement and resulted in a newspaper article regarding the

agreement.

The district court referred the matter to a magistrate judge. The magistrate judge found that

plaintiffs’ counsel acted in bad faith by failing to file the motion under seal. However, he

recommended that the settlement agreement be upheld. He also recommended that plaintiffs’ counsel

be sanctioned in the amount of $133,000 for failing to take steps to prevent the unnecessary

disclosure of the settlement terms. He stated that the money should be paid to the defendants for the

additional costs, attorney’s fees, and damage that they incurred as a result of the loss of their

bargaining position in the mediation and that it should be taken fromthe portion ofthe settlement that

was designated for attorney’s fees. The magistrate judge also recommended that plaintiffs’ counsel

be precluded from representing any other plaintiffs in related claims against the defendants. 

Plaintiffs’ counsel filed objections to the magistrate judge’s findings and recommendations.

The district court rejected counsels’ argument that they were released from their obligations under

the settlement agreement to file any motions under seal. The court reasoned that counsels’ filing of
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the motion to enforce indicated that counsel believed the agreement to be valid and binding. Next,

the court rejected counsel’s claim that they researched the law pertaining to the filing of documents

under seal and the effect ofsuch law on their client’s cases. The court then found that the actions of

plaintiffs’ counsel “were a direct abuse of the judicial system, and an affront to the Court.” The

district court stated that counsel failed to file the motion under seal “without any valid reason to

violate the confidentiality provision, and knowing that filing under seal would be equally effective if

their true desire was merely to have the Court enforce the Agreement.”

The district court ultimately enforced the settlement and altered the sanctions as follows: (1)

the court prohibited plaintiffs’ counsel from representing any other plaintiffs against Wackenhut in

cases arising fromthe subject matter ofthe underlying suitsin this appealwithout first obtaining leave

of court; (2) the court ordered counsel to pay a $15,000 sanction to the district court; and (3) the

court reduced counsel’s contingencyfee in the underlying casesfrom40% to 30%. Plaintiffs’ counsel

now appeal the district court’s ruling.

 DISCUSSION

“When a party’s deplorable conduct is not effectivelysanctionable pursuant to an existing rule

or statute, it is appropriate for a district court to rely on its inherent power to impose sanctions.”

Carroll v. The Jaques Admiralty Law Firm, P.C., 110 F.3d 290, 292 (5th Cir. 1997). This Court

reviews a district court’s imposition of sanctions pursuant to its inherent powers for abuse of

discretion. Natural Gas Pipeline Co. of America v. Energy Gathering, Inc., 86 F.3d 464, 467 (5th

Cir. 1996). “Because of the potency of inherent powers and the limited control of their exercise,

however, theymust be used with great restraint and caution. The threshold for the use of the inherent

power [to impose] sanction[s] is high.” Id. The court must make a specific finding of bad faith.
 

1The newspaper article was published on October 25, 1999, in the San Angelo Times and is

entitled “Former inmates awaiting money from Wakenhut.” The article discussed information

divulged by plaintiffs’attorney, Don Schmidt,Jr., and quoted the following statement fromhim: “We

filed a motion to protect our clients’ interest.” The article also appropriately noted, “This week’s

court filings provided the details of what would have remained a confidential settlement agreement

reached during mediation four weeks ago.” 

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Goldin v. Bartholow, 166 F.3d 710, 722 (5th Cir. 1999). Furthermore, “[i]f there is a reasonable

probability that a lesser sanction will have the desired effect, the court must try the less restrictive

measure first.” Natural Gas Pipeline Co., 86 F.3d at 467. 

Plaintiffs’ counsel argue that the district court abused it discretion (1) in making no specific

findings of bad faith; (2) in exceeding its authority by reducing the contingency fee agreement; and

(3) in imposing excessive and over-reaching sanctions. We do not agree. 

The district court made a specific finding of bad faith, and that finding is supported by the

record. Plaintiffs’ counsel intentionally filed the motion to enforce unsealed, exposing the terms of

the settlement agreement to the public. Compounding their disregard of the confidentiality provision

in the settlement agreement, one of the attorneys allowed himselfto be quoted in a newspaper article

exposing the settlement agreement.1 Though they later attempted to defend their actions, counsel

have wholly failed to articulate any plausible good faith explanation for their conduct. For example,

counsel argue that they researched the relevant case law and determined that it was in their client’s

best interest to file the enforcement motion unsealed. Counsel state in their brief that their research

“indicated that even in instances where a settlement agreement contains a mutual confidentiality

provision, such provisions are not a valid basis for sealing documents and pleadings filed in civil

proceedings.” However, counsel have not pointed to one case standing for the proposition that even

though there is a confidentiality provision in a settlement agreement, parties are precluded fromfiling
 

1Section B of the confidential Memorandum of Settlement, which is partially handwritten and

signed by representatives from both sides in this case, states: “This is a confidential settlement and

all settlement documents will reflect such confidentiality provisions.”

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a motion to enforce the settlement under seal. Also indicative of bad faith is the justification offered

by plaintiffs’ counsel to the district court that the public had a right to know about the conduct of

Wackenhut’s employees. 

There issimply no good faith reason for counsel not to have filed the motion to enforce under

seal given that the settlement agreement clearly required them to do so.1 Moreover, after the parties

had reached a settlement agreement but before plaintiffs’ counsel filed the motion to enforce the

agreement, opposing counsel reminded plaintiffs’ counsel of the confidentiality provision in a letter.

Specifically, counsel stated: “If it is your plan to address any additional issues with the Court, we

would remind you that the settlement agreement signed in mediation expressly guarantees the

confidentiality of the settlement amount and the terms of the settlement.” 

It is clear from our review of the record that confidentiality was at the heart of the settlement

agreement. The agreement encompassed very delicate claims, and maintaining the confidentiality of

the sensitive nature of the plaintiffs’ allegations was a preeminent concern for both sides of the

litigation. Notwithstanding their averments that their behavior was appropriate and in the best

interests oftheir clients, in reality, plaintiffs’counselsimplyengaged in self-help albeit under the guise

of seeking judicial intervention. Even if they lacked unsavory motives to sensationalize this case,

plaintiffs’ counsel have offered no credible justification for their conduct. Moreover, there is

unfortunately no cure for the breach of the confidentiality agreement, which has been exposed to the

public. We have no doubt that counsel were aware of the irreparable and irreversible consequences

of filing the motion to enforce unsealed. Accordingly, considering all of the evidence, we find that
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the district court’s specific finding of bad faith is more than adequately supported by the record. 

Furthermore, we do not find that the sanctions imposed by the district court were

inappropriate. We agree with the district court that the prohibition on representing future plaintiffs,

without prior court approval, against Wackenhut in cases regarding the subject matter of the

underlying suits in this appeal is “narrowly tailored to ensure that . . . counsel do not benefit from

their bad faith conduct, yet ensures that counsel may represent any clients legitimately obtained.” 

Moreover, plaintiffs’ counsel have not demonstrated that the court abused its discretion in

reducing the attorneys’ fees. Plaintiffs’ counsel argue that the district court was without jurisdiction

to reduce the amount of attorneys’fees provided for in the contingency agreement because there was

no case or controversy with respect to that agreement. Also, plaintiffs’ counsel assert that the court

was without authority to modifythe agreement because it is a private contract between themand their

clients. 

Contrary to counsel’s arguments, contingency fee agreements between attorneys and their

clients are not completely beyond the reach of the courts. See, e.g., Hoffert v. Gen. Motors Corp.,

656 F.2d 161, 165 (5th Cir. 1981). In Hoffert, wherein the district court reduced the amount of

attorneys’ fees below the percentage provided for in the contingency fee contract, we stated that “the

district judge has broad equity power to supervise the collection of attorneys’ fees under such fee

arrangements.” Id. Moreover, in response to the attorneys’ jurisdictional argument that there was

no case or controversybefore the district court, we found that where an attorney “invokesthe court’s

equitable power to approve a settlement agreement to distribute the proceeds, the court must

scrutinize the reasonableness of the contingent attorneys’ fee contract which affectsthe net recovery

to the plaintiff.” Id. at 165 (citing Cappel v. Adams, 434 F.2d 1278, 1280-81 (5th Cir. 1981)). 
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In the present case, the district court reduced the percentage of attorneys’ fees provided for

in the contingency fee agreement pursuant to its inherent power to sanction the plaintiffs’ attorneys

for their conduct. Although Hoffert involved the reasonableness of a contingency fee contract, it

established that a district court has some discretionary power with respect to such fee agreements,

particularly where the parties present a settlement agreement to the court for its approval. Thus, we

do not agree with plaintiffs’ counsel that the contingency fee agreement, by its very nature, was

beyond the district court’s reach. Furthermore, we do not find, after carefully reviewing the entire

record, that the district court abused its discretion in reducing t he fees given counsel’s deplorable

conduct, which could have jeopardized their client’s recovery. 

Also, counsel have failed to show that the district court abused its discretion in ordering them

to pay $15,000 in sanctions to the court. We do not find that this amount is excessive in light of

counsel’s conduct. 

There is an outstanding motion by appellant Jennifer M. Toon to strike the appellee’s brief.

We deny that motion. 

CONCLUSION 

For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the district court’s imposition of sanctions against

plaintiffs’ counsel. The motion of appellant, Jennifer M. Toon, to strike the appellee’s brief is

DENIED. 

AFFIRMED. MOTION TO STRIKE APPELLEE’S BRIEF DENIED.