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ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION ISO 9001 CERTIFIED

FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 14001 Certified 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC 

October 15, 2009 

Brian H. West 

Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

NTRC Building 

2360 Cherahala Boulevard 

Knoxville, TN 37932 

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 12 for the Period September 1, through September 30, 

2009; for the program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol 

Blends," UT-Battelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456, 

CRC Project E-87-2, SwRI Project 03.14530. 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

 The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and 

E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting catalyst and oxygen sensor temperatures. This project will also 

generate valuable data on vehicle emissions and performance. 

Vehicles selected for this study will include a wide range of manufacturers across several 

model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehicles that have been identified 

as having leaner and hotter operation on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open 

throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large 

numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknown open-loop fuel control at WOT 

may also be selected. 

 In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three 

levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, and E20) and compare emissions and vehicle 

performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service 

accumulation and emissions testing are to be performed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. 

For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged and emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, 

E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three added service accumulation 

levels: 0 miles (start of service accumulation), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service 

accumulation level), and at the end of the vehicle’s full-useful life (nominally 120,000 miles). 

Beginning in August 2009, selected new vehicle sets will be tested with E0, E15, and E20 fuels. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

October 15, 2009 

Page 2 of 16 

2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PERIOD SEPTEMBER 1-30, 2009 

2.1 Honda Accords 

Honda Accord vehicles ORHA0, ORHA15, and ORHA20 underwent emissions testing in 

the previous reporting period (August 2009). These emissions tests were performed at vehicle 

“full-useful life” (nominally 120,000 miles as measured on the odometer of the highest mileage 

vehicle). During this reporting period, Honda Accord ORHA10B completed service 

accumulation on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers and emissions testing at 

120,000 odometer miles. Vehicle FTP emissions test data with NMOG and carbon balance fuel 

economy data at 0 and 50,000 test miles, and 120,000 odometer miles for all the Accords are 

provided in Tables 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 

2.2 Chevrolet Silverados 

 The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set completed service accumulation on the mileage 

accumulation dynamometers to full-useful life. Vehicle FTP emissions testing began 

immediately following the completion of service accumulation. A photograph of one of the 

Silverados on the emissions test dynamometer is given in Figure 1. Silverado FTP emissions and 

fuel economy test data at 0 and 50,000 test miles, and at full-useful life (120,000 odometer 

miles) are provided in Tables 4, 5, and 6, respectively. 

FIGURE 1. CHEVROLET SILVERADO ON EMISSIONS DYNAMOMETER 

Silverado alcohols and aldehydes emissions data at 120,000 miles are still being 

processed and will available for the next progress report. Exhaust gas alcohol emissions are 

analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and aldehyde emissions are analyzed by high 

performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Instrumentation for the analysis of exhaust gas 

alcohols and aldehydes is shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 3 of 16 

TABLE 1. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 0 Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Emissio

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA 

NMOG Methanol Ethanol

2- 

Propanol

a

1 

ORHA00 

OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T8 

E0 

0.031 0.192 0.014 339.4 0.003 0.028 0.030 0.3 0.1 0.0 

2 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-0k-T9 0.037 0.257 0.019 340.8 0.004 0.033 0.035 0.3 0.1 0.2 3 

ORHA10B 

OR-HA10B-1-F-E0-0k-T1 

E0 

0.036 0.274 0.018 338.7 0.003 0.033 0.034 0.2 0.0 0.0 

4 OR-HA10B-1-F-E0-0k-T4 0.036 0.270 0.021 334.4 0.004 0.031 0.033 0.4 0.0 0.1 5 OR-HA10B-1-F-E10-0k-T2 

E10 

0.025 0.143 0.020 332.9 0.003 0.022 0.024 0.2 0.7 0.0 

6 OR-HA10B-1-F-E10-0k-T4 0.028 0.175 0.021 332.3 0.003 0.024 0.027 0.2 0.7 0.0 7 

ORHA15 

OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 

E0 

0.025 0.172 0.014 332.8 0.002 0.022 0.023 0.4 0.2 0.0 

8 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-0k-T3 0.025 0.183 0.012 332.0 0.003 0.023 0.024 0.7 0.1 0.2 9 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T2 

E15 

0.019 0.130 0.015 332.4 0.001 0.017 0.021 0.0 1.0 0.0 

10 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-0k-T3 0.016 0.109 0.014 332.2 0.001 0.014 0.017 0.0 0.9 0.0 11 

ORHA20 

OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T3 

E0 

0.027 0.199 0.019 237.2 0.003 0.025 0.026 0.3 0.1 0.2 

12 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-0k-T4 0.024 0.173 0.014 328.1 0.004 0.020 0.021 0.3 0.1 0.1 13 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T5 

E20 

0.023 0.140 0.023 327.3 0.004 0.019 0.023 0.3 1.6 0.0 

14 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-0k-T6 0.021 0.137 0.016 334.7 0.003 0.017 0.021 0.3 1.5 0.0 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 4 of 16 

TABLE 2. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Emissio

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA 

NMOG Methanol Ethanol

2- 

Propanol

a

1 

ORHA00 

OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.044 0.183 0.023 334.3 0.004 0.040 0.043 0.5 0.2 0.0 

2 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.046 0.176 0.026 336.8 0.004 0.041 0.043 0.4 0.0 0.0 3 

ORHA10B 

OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.041 0.359 0.022 322.4 0.005 0.036 0.038 0.7 0.0 0.0 

4 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.026 0.217 0.016 323.9 0.004 0.022 0.023 0.5 0.1 0.0 5 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T1 

E10 

0.026 0.191 0.019 318.2 0.004 0.022 0.024 0.2 0.6 0.0 

6 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.029 0.206 0.029 321.9 0.004 0.025 0.028 0.7 0.6 0.2 7 

ORHA15 

OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.026 0.191 0.016 336.3 0.003 0.022 0.024 0.1 0.0 0.0 

8 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.185 0.021 339.8 0.003 0.029 0.031 0.5 0.1 0.0 9 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1 

E15 

0.037 0.173 0.022 324.7 0.003 0.034 0.040 0.3 1.7 0.0 

10 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.134 0.025 333.6 0.003 0.026 0.030 0.2 1.2 0.0 11 

ORHA20 

OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.032 0.243 0.020 333.0 0.004 0.028 0.029 0.5 0.1 0.0 

12 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.028 0.186 0.023 334.1 0.004 0.023 0.025 0.2 0.1 0.1 13 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 

E20 

0.026 0.124 0.025 321.2 0.003 0.022 0.026 0.4 1.5 0.0 

14 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-50k-T3 0.026 0.154 0.023 328.5 0.004 0.022 0.026 0.2 1.3 0.0 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 5 of 16 

TABLE 3. 2007 HONDA ACCORD EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 120k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Emi

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA 

NMOG Methanol Ethanol

2- 

Propanol

1 

ORHA00 

OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.038 0.242 0.019 325.3 0.004 0.035 0.036 0.2 0.1 0.0 

2 OR-HA00-1-E0-F-120k-T3 0.062 0.212 0.032 331.0 0.004 0.058 0.061 0.5 0.2 0.0 3 

ORHA10B 

OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T4 

E0 

0.039 0.292 0.027 335.2 0.006 0.033 0.035 0.4 0.1 0.0 

4 OR-HA10B-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.037 0.304 0.025 330.4 0.005 0.032 0.034 0.4 0.1 0.0 5 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T1 

E10 

0.029 0.185 0.027 319.1 0.004 0.024 0.028 0.3 1.0 0.0 

6 OR-HA10B-1-E10-F-120k-T2 0.028 0.178 0.026 322.3 0.005 0.023 0.025 0.0 0.7 0.1 7 

ORHA15 

OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.034 0.305 0.019 331.3 0.003 0.031 0.034 0.4 0.2 0.2 

8 OR-HA15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.012 0.184 0.013 332.8 0.001 0.010 0.012 0.7 0.1 0.0 9 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T1 

E15 

0.020 0.152 0.026 324.7 0.003 0.016 a a 1.1 0.0 

10 OR-HA15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.020 0.102 0.022 320.0 0.003 0.016 0.019 0.0 0.3 0.1 11 

ORHA20 

OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T4 

E0 

0.034 0.260 0.022 325.7 0.004 0.030 0.031 0.0 0.0 0.1 

12 OR-HA20-1-E0-F-120k-T5 0.035 0.272 0.022 323.8 0.005 0.030 0.033 0.4 0.2 0.1 13 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T1 

E20 

0.014 0.104 0.014 328.1 0.003 0.010 0.016 0.3 1.9 0.0 

14 OR-HA20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.027 0.176 0.024 328.7 0.004 0.022 0.028 0.9 1.6 0.0 

a Methanol outlier, affected NMOG calculation 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 6 of 16 

TABLE 4. 2006 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Emissio

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA 

NMOG Methanol Ethanol

2- 

Propanol

a

1 

ORCS00 

OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T2 

E0 

0.057 0.640 0.028 569.8 0.011 0.046 0.047 0.3 0.1 0.0 

2 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.050 0.561 0.026 571.8 0.009 0.040 0.042 0.4 0.1 0.2 3 

ORCS10 

OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T2 

E0 

0.061 0.898 0.021 575.5 0.014 0.046 0.049 0.3 0.1 0.6 

4 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.055 0.723 0.024 577.6 0.013 0.041 0.045 0.5 0.1 0.6 5 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T3 

E10 

0.051 0.703 0.025 566.0 0.012 0.037 0.041 0.2 1.4 0.0 

6 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.790 0.028 557.7 0.013 0.039 0.043 0.4 1.4 0.0 7 

ORCS15 

OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.060 0.871 0.019 553.1 0.013 0.047 0.050 0.2 0.5 0.0 

8 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.060 0.819 0.022 554.8 0.013 0.047 0.049 0.4 0.1 0.1 9 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T3 

E15 

0.054 0.792 0.026 552.8 0.012 0.041 0.048 0.2 2.8 0.0 

10 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 0.051 0.730 0.028 552.4 0.013 0.036 0.043 0.3 2.2 0.0 11 

ORCS20 

OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.067 0.919 0.024 554.9 0.013 0.053 0.057 0.1 0.0 0.0 

12 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.066 0.905 0.022 558.7 0.008 0.060 0.062 0.5 0.3 0.0 13 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T3 

E20 

0.055 0.854 0.023 551.6 0.012 0.042 0.051 0.2 3.4 0.0 

14 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.053 0.837 0.023 549.6 0.013 0.038 0.047 0.5 3.1 0.1 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 7 of 16 

TABLE 5. 2007 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Emissio

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA 

NMOG Methanol Ethanol

2- 

Propanol

a

1 

ORCS00 

OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.085 0.613 0.051 547.8 0.022 0.062 0.066 1.5 0.2 0.2 

2 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.071 0.737 0.042 542.7 0.015 0.054 0.058 1.0 0.3 0.6 3 

ORCS10 

OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.043 0.673 0.025 537.6 0.013 0.029 0.034 2.2 1.1 0.2 

4 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.033 0.605 0.020 543.4 0.012 0.020 0.023 0.4 0.1 0.3 5 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T1 

E10 

0.079 0.911 0.048 550.4 0.021 0.056 0.064 1.2 2.7 0.1 

6 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-50k-T3 0.070 0.736 0.044 549.6 0.021 0.047 0.058 1.5 4.5 0.0 7 

ORCS15 

OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.045 0.653 0.020 526.8 0.014 0.031 0.034 1.4 0.0 0.3 

8 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.049 0.694 0.025 530.3 0.014 0.034 0.036 0.3 0.1 0.0 9 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T1 

E15 

0.086 0.851 0.046 538.9 0.022 0.062 0.077 0.7 6.3 0.0 

10 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.060 0.742 0.035 540.2 0.017 0.041 0.050 0.5 3.4 0.0 11 

ORCS20 

OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T3 

E0 

0.040 0.507 0.022 532.2 0.015 0.024 0.027 0.0 0.1 0.7 

12 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-50k-T4 0.037 0.462 0.022 524.3 0.012 0.024 0.032 6.3 0.0 0.7 13 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T1 

E20 

0.081 0.538 0.036 542.4 0.022 0.056 0.073 2.8 6.9 0.1 

14 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.079 0.547 0.037 541.7 0.022 0.055 0.068 0.5 5.5 0.0 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 8 of 16 

TABLE 6. 2007 CHEVROLET SILVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 120k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi C-Bal 

Econo

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC mi/g

EPA 

NMOG

1 

ORCS00 

OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T3 

E0 

0.063 0.524 0.023 551.1 0.018 0.044 16.2

2 OR-CS00-1-E0-F-120k-T4 0.068 0.563 0.040 551.2 0.018 0.050 16.3 

ORCS10 

OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.067 0.721 0.043 551.6 0.016 0.051 16.

4 OR-CS10-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.075 0.902 0.049 564.7 0.019 0.056 15.75 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T2 

E10 

0.076 0.752 0.040 564.5 0.020 0.054 15.2

6 OR-CS10-1-E10-F-120k-T3 0.077 0.796 0.045 560.4 0.020 0.054 15.57 

ORCS15 

OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.093 1.092 0.035 558.5 0.024 0.069 15.8

8 OR-CS15-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.084 0.893 0.038 552.4 0.026 0.058 16.09 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T1 

E15 

0.072 0.755 0.033 543.4 0.021 0.049 15.9

10 OR-CS15-1-E15-F-120k-T2 0.073 0.759 0.037 547.6 0.022 0.049 15.711 

ORCS20 

OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T1 

E0 

0.092 0.861 0.045 549.8 0.025 0.067 16.1

12 OR-CS20-1-E0-F-120k-T2 0.090 0.811 0.054 563.2 0.024 0.066 15.713 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T1 

E20 

0.060 0.641 0.039 543.7 0.017 0.043 15.7

14 OR-CS20-1-E20-F-120k-T2 0.064 0.644 0.038 537.3 0.019 0.045 15.9

 Alcohols and aldehydes data are currently being processed 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

October 15, 2009 

Page 9 of 16 

Alcohols are collected with 

impingers (bubblers) filled with 

ultra-pure water. An aliquot of 

this solution is injected into a gas 

chromatograph with a flame ionization 

detector (GC-FID). The alcohols are 

separated and quantified with 

the GC-FID.

FIGURE 2. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH FOR ALCOHOLS ANALYSIS 

Aldehydes and ketones are 

collected with impingers filled 

with a dinitrophenylhydrazine 

(DNPH) solution in 

acetonitrile. The aldehydes 

react quickly with the DNPH 

to form stable, optically active 

derivatives which are 

subsequently separated and 

quantified with a high 

performance liquid 

chromatograph with 

ultraviolet detector (HPLCUV). 

FIGURE 3. HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID 

CHROMATOGRAPH FOR ALDEHYDES ANALYSIS 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

October 15, 2009 

Page 10 of 16 

2.3 Nissan Altimas 

 The Nissan Altima vehicle set underwent emissions testing at 50,000 test miles during the 

previous reporting period (August 2009). During the current reporting period, additional 

emissions test data sets were processed. Emissions test data for the Altimas at 0 and 50,000 test 

miles are provided in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. The Altimas have resumed vehicle service 

accumulation to full-useful life on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers. A 

photograph of the Nissan Altimas under test at the mileage accumulation dynamometer facility is 

given in Figure 4. 

FIGURE 4. NISSAN ALTIMA VEHICLE SET ON THE SWRI MILEAGE 

ACCUMULATION DYNAMOMETERS 

2.4 Ford Tauruses 

 The Ford Taurus vehicle zero-mile alcohols and aldehydes emissions data presented in 

the previous progress report have been processed. Taurus emissions data, included calculated 

NMOG values, are given in Table 9. The Taurus vehicle set has begun service accumulation to 

50,000 test miles on the mileage accumulation dynamometers. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 11 of 16 

TABLE 7. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Emis

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA 

NMOG Methanol Ethanol

2- 

Propanol

1 

ORNA00 

OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T2 

E0 

0.073 0.497 0.032 309.4 0.006 0.067 0.068 0.2 0.1 0.0 

2 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.068 0.425 0.029 311.9 0.006 0.061 0.062 0.2 0.0 0.0 3 

ORNA10 

OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T3 

E0 

0.056 0.343 0.023 316.1 0.003 0.053 0.054 0.3 0.0 0.0 

4 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.058 0.404 0.025 314.1 0.006 0.052 0.053 0.2 0.0 0.0 5 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T1 

E10 

0.059 0.393 0.023 313.3 0.000 0.058 0.063 0.4 1.9 0.0 

6 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-0k-T5 0.060 0.345 0.033 318.1 0.005 0.055 0.060 0.3 2.1 0.0 7 

ORNA15 

OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.059 0.392 0.025 317.2 0.006 0.053 0.054 0.2 0.0 0.0 

8 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.059 0.428 0.031 316.6 0.006 0.053 0.054 0.2 0.0 0.0 9 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T1 

E15 

0.042 0.325 0.022 314.0 0.005 0.037 0.042 0.3 2.3 0.0 

10 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.057 0.429 0.023 308.5 0.006 0.050 0.056 0.6 2.4 0.0 11 

ORNA20 

OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T3 

E0 

0.061 0.382 0.022 319.4 0.005 0.057 0.058 0.3 0.1 0.0 

12 OR-NA20-1-E0-F-0k-T4 0.065 0.393 0.027 319.8 0.006 0.059 0.060 0.2 0.0 0.0 13 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T1 

E20 

0.045 0.307 0.022 308.1 0.000 0.045 0.052 0.2 3.2 0.0 

14 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-0k-T2 0.055 0.322 0.029 306.9 0.005 0.050 0.059 0.2 4.5 0.0 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory October 15, 2009 Page 12 of 16 

TABLE 8. 2008 NISSAN ALTIMA EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi FTP Composite Emis

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC 

EPA 

NMOG Methanol Ethanol

2- 

Propanol

1 

ORNA00 

OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.072 0.557 0.049 323.6 0.006 0.066 0.068 0.4 0.0 0.1 

2 OR-NA00-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.068 0.589 0.052 320.6 0.007 0.060 0.062 0.3 0.0 0.0 3 

ORNA10 

OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T2 

E0 

0.032 0.253 0.030 305.5 0.005 0.027 0.029 0.0 0.2 0.3 

4 OR-NA10-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.042 0.203 0.035 305.6 0.005 0.038 0.039 0.6 0.1 0.1 5 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T1 

E10 

0.061 0.482 0.040 316.4 0.007 0.053 a a 2.1 0.1 

6 OR-NA10-1-E10-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.500 0.053 311.2 0.007 0.055 a a 2.4 0.1 7 

ORNA15 

OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.060 0.557 0.041 316.4 0.006 0.053 0.055 0.1 0.2 0.0 

8 OR-NA15-1-E0-F-50k-T2 0.067 0.227 0.041 314.3 0.006 0.061 0.063 0.2 0.3 0.0 9 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T1 

E15 

0.071 0.214 0.052 316.6 0.007 0.063 0.072 0.3 4.1 0.0 

10 OR-NA15-1-E15-F-50k-T3 0.051 0.215 0.037 324.2 0.005 0.045 0.052 0.2 2.9 0.0 11 

ORNA20 

OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T1 

E0 

0.052 0.488 0.034 321.7 0.006 0.046 0.047 0.1 0.0 0.0 

12 OR-NA20-1-E0-F-50k-T3 0.052 0.537 0.038 313.3 0.006 0.046 0.047 0.0 0.1 0.0 13 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T1 

E20 

0.063 0.213 0.048 313.1 0.007 0.055 0.065 0.3 4.3 0.0 

14 OR-NA20-1-E20-F-50k-T2 0.062 0.241 0.051 320.1 0.007 0.054 0.063 0.2 4.0 0.0 

a Suspected methanol outliers. Data under review. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

October 15, 2009 

Page 13 of 16 

TABLE 9. 2008 FORD TAURUS EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi C-Bal Fuel

Economy,

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC mi/gal 

EPA 

NMOG

1 

ORFT00 

OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.027 0.517 0.002 441.8 0.004 0.024 0.024 20.4 

2 OR-FT00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 0.030 0.591 0.003 437.2 0.004 0.026 0.029 20.6 

3 

ORFT10 

OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.013 0.236 0.004 431.7 0.002 0.011 20.9 

4 OR-FT10-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.027 0.303 0.005 431.3 0.003 0.024 0.027 20.9 

5 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T1 

E10 

0.023 0.271 0.005 448.7 0.003 0.019 0.024 19.2 

6 OR-FT10-1-E10-F-0k-T2 0.026 0.285 0.003 438.7 0.003 0.023 0.034 19.6 

7 

ORFT15 

OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.024 0.337 0.003 434.1 0.003 0.022 0.024 20.8 

8 OR-FT15-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.012 0.229 0.001 429.0 0.002 0.010 0.013 19.8 

9 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T1 

E15 

0.017 0.303 0.001 422.6 0.003 0.013 20.1 

10 OR-FT15-1-E15-F-0k-T2 0.019 0.297 0.002 425.6 0.003 0.015 19.9 

11 

ORFT20 

OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T1 

E0 

0.028 0.509 0.003 439.5 0.004 0.024 0.024 20.5 

12 OR-FT20-1-E0-F-0k-T2 0.031 0.518 0.003 437.7 0.004 0.027 0.028 20.6 

13 OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T1 

E20 

0.025 0.453 0.003 424.5 0.004 0.020 0.028 19.5 

14 OR-FT20-1-E20-F-0k-T4 0.021 0.310 0.002 426.8 0.003 0.017 0.024 19.4 

2.5 Dodge Caravans 

 As reported in previous progress reports, Dodge Caravan ORDC20 exhibited higherthan-expected NOx and HC emissions. During this reporting period, a replacement Dodge 

Caravan was obtained at the request of the Oak Ridge project manager. The replacement 

Caravan is identified as vehicle ORDC20B, and it was sent to a local dealership to re-flash the 

ECM to the latest calibration to match the calibration of the other three Dodge Caravans. The 

new tires obtained for the original Caravan will be used on Caravan ORDC20B for vehicle 

service accumulation. Updated specifications for the complete Dodge Caravan vehicle set is 

given in Appendix A. 

Vehicle emissions testing of Dodge Caravans ORDC0, ORDC10, and ORDC15 has 

continued this reporting period. Caravan emissions data for these three vehicles at zero test 

miles are given in Table 10. Emission tests for Dodge Caravan ORDC20B are scheduled to 

begin in October. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

October 15, 2009 

Page 14 of 16 

TABLE 10. 2007 DODGE CARAVAN EMISSIONS TESTS 

Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles 

Test 

Ref. 

Vehicle 

No. Test No. Fuel 

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi C-Bal Fuel

Economy,

THC CO NOX CO2 CH4 NMHC mi/gal 

EPA 

NMOG

1 

ORDC00 

OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T3 

E0 

0.045 1.415 0.037 447.9 0.007 0.038 20.05 

2 OR-DC00-1-E0-F-0k-T5 0.057 1.796 0.066 450.9 0.009 0.048 19.89 

3 

ORDC10 

OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k-T5 

E0 

0.056 1.241 0.026 456.2 0.009 0.047 19.70 

4 OR-DC10-1-E0-F-0k 

5 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k-T6 

E10 

0.058 1.172 0.032 453.7 0.007 0.050 18.92 

6 OR-DC10-1-E10-F-0k 

7 

ORDC15 

OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k-T4 

E0 

0.036 0.856 0.025 460.8 0.005 0.031 19.53 

8 OR-DC15-1-E0-F-0k 

9 OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T4 

E15 

0.037 0.995 0.025 461.8 0.006 0.030 18.33 

10 OR-DC15-1-E15-F-0k-T5 

11 

ORDC20B 

OR-DC20B-1-E0-0k 

E0 

Tests to be performed following preparation of replacement vehicle 

12 OR-DC20B-1-E0-0k 

13 OR-DC20B-1-E20-0k 

E20 

14 OR-DC20B-1-E20-0k 

2.6 Chevrolet Cobalts 

The Chevrolet Cobalt vehicle set underwent preparation and maintenance items including 

new tire installations, oil changes, and air filter replacements. Test preparations also included reflashing one of the Cobalt ECMs to the most recent engine calibration. The Cobalt vehicle set is 

the first “three-vehicle” set for the project, and it will undergo service accumulation and 

emissions testing on E0, E15, and E20 fuels, as directed by Oak Ridge and the project steering 

committee. There will not be any service accumulation or emissions testing with E10 fuel with 

this vehicle set. 

The Cobalt vehicle set is scheduled to begin exhaust system thermocouple and lambda 

sensor installations in October. Cobalt vehicle specifications in the “after set-up configuration” 

have been updated and are given in Appendix B. 

2.7 Vehicle Procurement – Nissan Quests, Nissan Frontiers, and Dodge Calibers

During this reporting period, three sets of vehicles were authorized for procurement for 

the project. Three (3) matched vehicles for each of the following three vehicle models will be 

procured: 

• 2006 Nissan Quest minivan, 3.5 L V-6 engine, 5-speed automatic transmission, EPA 

engine family: 6NSXT03.5G7B 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

October 15, 2009 

Page 15 of 16 

• 2002 Nissan Frontier 2WD pickup truck, 2.4 L I-4 engine, 4-speed automatic 

transmission, EPA engine family: 2NSXT02.4C4A 

• 2007 Dodge Caliber, 2.4 L I-4 engine, CVT automatic transmission, EPA engine family: 

7CRXB02.4ME5 

Southwest Research Institute will first begin procurement efforts for the Nissan Quest 

minivans and then proceed with searching for the other vehicles. 

2.7 Vehicle Oil Consumption 

 Oil consumption history for the Nissan Altima and Ford Taurus vehicle sets has been 

recorded by weight. Graphs of oil consumption versus test miles are provided in Appendix C. 

There are no concerns with vehicle oil consumption at this time. 

2.8 Project Fuels 

Fuels for emissions testing (fuels E0, E10, E15, and E20) have been blended in sufficient 

quantities for use with the current vehicles on site and the three groups of vehicles identified for 

future procurement. These emissions test fuels have been drummed and are being stored at 50°F. 

As discussed in previous progress reports, there is a concern that E0 service accumulation 

gasoline will not be available much longer at the terminal currently providing E0 fuel for the 

program. The local fuel terminal expects to have E0 available through December, and probably 

into January. SwRI has identified another fuel terminal distributing E0 gasoline, and this 

terminal is expected to have E0 available through March 2010. SwRI will purchase additional 

E0 fuel when Institute fuel storage tank capacity can accommodate another tanker delivery of 

7,500 gallons. The availability of commercial E0 gasoline will continue to be followed for the 

project. 

2.9 Project Review Meeting 

 Oak Ridge and CRC have scheduled a project review meeting for November 5, 2009, and 

this meeting will be held at SwRI in San Antonio, Texas. This review meeting will cover the 

technical progress of the vehicle sets tested to date. Future program directions will be also be 

discussed. This meeting date follows the SAE International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants 

meeting being held in San Antonio November 2-4, 2009. This meeting date has been 

communicated by CRC to the project review committee members. 
Brian H. West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

October 15, 2009 

Page 16 of 16 

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD 

 Honda Accord ORHA10B and the Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set will begin full-useful 

life (FUL) emissions testing in the next reporting period. Dodge Caravans ORDC10 and 

ORDC15 will be scheduled to complete their zero-test-mile emissions testing. 

Replacement Dodge Caravan ORDC20B and the Chevrolet Cobalt vehicle set will 

undergo emissions test preparations, including exhaust system thermocouple and lambda sensor 

installations. These vehicles will then be scheduled for WOT and emissions testing. 

The Nissan Altima vehicle set will continue service accumulation to a nominal 120,000 

odometer miles (on the highest mileage vehicle). The Ford Taurus vehicle set will continue 

service accumulation to 50,000 test miles. 

Vehicle procurement will begin for the Nissan Quest, Nissan Frontier, and Dodge Caliber 

vehicle sets. Three (3) matched vehicles will be procured for each vehicle model. 

 SwRI will continue to monitor the current supplier of project E0 service accumulation 

fuel for the anticipated switch to the distribution of E10 road fuel. When the switch occurs, 

SwRI plans to obtain E0 fuel for the project from another source. An out-of-state terminal is 

expected to have E0 gasoline available through March 2010. 

 Southwest Research Institute will prepare for the project review meeting that will be held 

in San Antonio on November 5, 2009. The meeting will be held at SwRI. 

4.0 CONCLUSION 

 If you have any questions regarding this progress report, please contact Marty Heimrich 

at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org. 

Prepared by: Approved by: 

 

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White 

Manager Director 

Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research 

 and Development and Development 

/sat 

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI 

 Kevin Brunner, SwRI 

This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Southwest Research Institute®. 

Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report. 
APPENDIX A 

DODGE CARAVAN VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS 

 (Including Replacement Caravan ORDC20B) 
A-1 

Dodge Caravan Specifications – Check-in 

Vehicle Check-in Information 

ORDC0 ORDC10 ORDC15 ORDC20 ORDC20B

Vehicle make Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge

Vehicle model Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan

Model year 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007

VIN 1D4GP24R67B186773 1D4GP24RX7B138127 1D4GP24R07B137987 1D4GP24R77B138117 1D4GP24R27B104022

Tire size (wheel size) P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15

Tire manufacturer Firestone & Goodyear Firestone & Primewell Firestone & Goodyear Firestone Firestone & Goodyear

Tire pressure specification 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi

Steel or alloy wheels Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel

Odometer 46,467 44,721 40,024 45,080 50,797

Engine code (Engine family) 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO

Engine evap code 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA

Engine displacement and 

configuration 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6

Climate control/ std air cond. STD STD STD STD STD

Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) STD STD STD STD STD

State insp. Expiration date May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 Dec-2009

License plate expiration date None None None None Oct-2009

Is there a license plate in front 

and rear? No No No No Yes

License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A N/A DWR 561

Transmission Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd

Axle – Open carrier or limited 

slip Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier

Calibration ID #1 05187657AC 05187657AC F14E203AYVB 05187657AC 05187657AC

Calibration Version #1 DE5F4165 DE5F4165 10A022B1 DE5F4165 DE5F4165

Calibration ID #2 N/A N/A G25F314B5WC N/A N/A

Calibration Version #2 6830013D 6830013D 13C244D3 6830013D 6830013D

Calibration ID #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration ID #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Record existing PCM codes PO700 PO700 None None None

Exhaust Aftertreatment - 

Number of catalytic converters 1 1 1 1 1

With vehicle at idle place red rag 

over the end of the tailpipe and 

look for exhaust leaks None None None None None
A-2 

Dodge Caravan Specifications – After Setup 

ORDC0 ORDC10 ORDC15 ORDC20 ORDC20B

Vehicle make Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge Dodge

Vehicle model Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan Caravan

Model year 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007

VIN 1D4GP24R67B186773 1D4GP24RX7B138127 1D4GP24R07B137987 1D4GP24R77B138117 1D4GP24R27B104022

Tire size (wheel size) P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15 P215/70R15

Tire manufacturer Firestone Firestone Firestone Firestone Firestone from ORDC20

Tire pressure specification 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi 36 psi

Steel or alloy wheels Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel

Odometer 46,467 44,721 40,024 45,080 50,797

Engine code (Engine family) 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO 7CRXT03.8NEO

Engine evap code 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA 7CRXR0177GHA

Engine displacement and 

configuration 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6 3.3L / V6

Climate control/ std air cond. STD STD STD STD STD

Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) STD STD STD STD STD

State insp. Expiration date May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 May-2010 Dec-2009

License plate expiration date None None None None Oct-2009

Is there a license plate in front 

and rear? No No No No Yes

License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A N/A DWR 561

Transmission Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed Auto - 4 Speed

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd 2wd

Axle Ratio

Axle – Open carrier or limited 

slip Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open Carrier Open carrier

Calibration ID #1 05187657AD 05187657AD 05187657AD 05187657AD Reflash at dealership

Calibration Version #1 CVN01:878AC361 CVN01:878AC361 CVN01:878AC361 CVN01:878AC361 Reflash at dealership

Calibration ID #2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Reflash at dealership

Calibration Version #2 CVN01:49728AEF CVN01:49728AEF CVN01:49728AEF CVN01:49728AEF Reflash at dealership

Calibration ID #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration ID #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Calibration Version #4 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Record existing PCM codes PO700 PO700 None None None

Exhaust Aftertreatment - 

Number of catalytic converters 1 1 1 1 1

With vehicle at idle place red rag 

over the end of the tailpipe and 

look for exhaust leaks None None None None None
APPENDIX B 

CHEVROLET COBALT VEHICLE SPECIFICATIONS 

(Updated from previous Progress Report)
B-1 

VEHICLE CHECK-IN INFORMATION AFTER SETUP 

 ORCC0 ORCC15 ORCC20 

Vehicle make Chevrolet Chevrolet Chevrolet 

Vehicle model Cobalt LS Cobalt LS Cobalt LS 

Model year 2006 2006 2006 

VIN 1G1AK55F367813690 1G1AK55F367666822 1G1AK55F3676388180 

Tire size (wheel size) P195/60R15 P195/60R15 P195/60R15 

Tire manufacturer 

Goodyear Eagle - 

Mileage 

Continental Touring - 

Emissions 

Goodyear Eagle - 

Mileage 

Runway Enduro - 

Emissions 

Goodyear Eagle - Mileage 

Continental Touring - 

Emissions 

Tire pressure specification 30 psi 30 psi 30 psi 

Steel or alloy wheels Steel Steel Steel 

Odometer 38862 47672 38454 

Engine code (Engine family) 6GMXV02.4029 6GMXV02.4029 6GMXV02.4029 

Engine evap code 6GMXR0105817 6GMXR0105817 6GMXR0105817 

Engine displacement and 

configuration 2.2L/4 cyl 2.2L/4 cyl 2.2L/4 cyl 

Climate control/ std air cond. Std Std Std 

Head lamps (std. Or Xenon) Std Std Std 

State insp. Expiration date May-10 10-Jan 10-Jul 

License plate expiration date None None None 

Is there a license plate in front 

and rear? No No No 

License Plate Number N/A N/A N/A 

Transmission Auto/4 speed Auto/4 speed Auto/4 speed 

Two-wheel or four wheel drive 2wd 2wd 2wd 

Axle Ratio 3.63 3.63 3.63 

Axle – Open carrier or limited 

slip Open carrier Open carrier Open carrier 

Calibration ID #1 

12612754 12612754 12612754 

Calibration Version #1 000067A8 000067A8 000067A8 

Calibration ID #2 12611404 12611404 12611404 

Calibration Version #2 000067A8 000067A8 000067A8 

Calibration ID #3 

Calibration Version #3 CVN 3 00001293 CVN 3 00001293 CVN 3 00001293 

Calibration ID #4 

Calibration Version #4 CVN 4 00002357 CVN 4 00002357 CVN 4 00002357 

Record existing PCM codes None None None 

Clear codes with approval of 

project manager. N/A N/A N/A 

Exhaust Aftertreatment - 

Number of catalytic converters 1 1 1 

With vehicle at idle place red 

rag over the end of the tailpipe 

and look for exhaust leaks None None None 
APPENDIX C 

OIL CONSUMPTION HISTORY GRAPHS 

Vehicle Sets

Nissan Altima 

Ford Taurus
C-1 

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

Test Miles

Nissan Altima Oil Consumption

ORNA0 ORNA10 ORNA15 ORNA20

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

Test Miles

Ford Taurus Oil Consumption

ORFT0 ORFT10 ORFT15 ORFT20