[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 177 (Wednesday, September 12, 2018)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 46126-46135]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-19595]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 261

[EPA-R10-RCRA-2018-0538; SW-FRL-9982-05--Region 10]


Hazardous Waste Management System; Proposed Exclusion for 
Identifying and Listing Hazardous Waste

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule and request for comment.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (also, ``the Agency'' or 
``we'' in this preamble) is proposing to grant a petition submitted by 
Sandvik Special Metals (Sandvik), in Kennewick, Washington to exclude 
(or ``delist'') up to 1,500 cubic yards of F006 wastewater treatment 
sludge per year from the list of federal hazardous wastes.
    The Agency is proposing to grant the petition based on an 
evaluation of waste-specific information provided by Sandvik. This 
proposed decision, if finalized, conditionally excludes the petitioned 
waste from the requirements of hazardous waste regulations under the 
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
    We conclude that Sandvik's petitioned waste is nonhazardous with 
respect to the original federal listing criteria and that there are no 
other factors (including additional constituents) other than those for 
which the waste was listed that would warrant retaining the waste as a 
hazardous waste. Subject to state-only requirements within the state of 
Washington, or federally-authorized or state-only requirements in other 
states where the subject wastes may be disposed of, Sandvik's 
petitioned waste may be disposed of in a Subtitle D landfill which is 
permitted, licensed, or registered by a State to manage industrial 
solid waste.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before October 12, 2018. 
Requests for an informal hearing must reach the EPA by September 27, 
2018.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R10-
RCRA-2018-0538 by one of the following methods:

[[Page 46127]]

    <bullet> www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line instructions for 
submitting comments.
    <bullet> Mail: To Dr. David Bartus, Office of Air and Waste, EPA, 
Region 10, 1200 6th Avenue, Suite 155, OAW-150, Seattle, Washington 
98101.
    <bullet> Hand Delivery: To Dr. David Bartus, Office of Air and 
Waste, EPA, Region 10, 1200 6th Avenue, Suite 155, OAW-150, Seattle, 
Washington 98101. Such deliveries are only accepted during normal hours 
of operation. Please contact David Bartus at (206) 553-2804.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R10-RCRA-
2018-0538. The EPA's policy is that all comments received will be 
included in the public docket without change and may be made available 
online at www.regulations.gov, including any personal information 
provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be 
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose 
disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you 
consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through www.regulations.gov 
or email. The www.regulations.gov website is an ``anonymous access'' 
system, which means the EPA will not know your identity or contact 
information unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you 
send an email comment directly to the EPA without going through 
www.regulations.gov your email address will be automatically captured 
and included as part of the comment that is placed in the public docket 
and made available on the internet. If you submit an electronic 
comment, the EPA recommends that you include your name and other 
contact information in the body of your comment and with any physical 
media you submit. If the EPA cannot read your comment due to technical 
difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, the EPA may not 
be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid the use 
of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of any 
defects or viruses.
    Any person may request an informal hearing on this proposed 
decision by filing a request with Timothy Hamlin, Director, Office of 
Air and Waste, EPA, Region 10, 1200 6th Ave., Suite 155, OAW-150, 
Seattle, Washington 98101. The request must contain the information 
prescribed in 40 Code of Federal Regulations CFR 260.20(d).
    Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the 
www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some 
information may not be publicly available, e.g., CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only 
in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available 
either electronically through www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at 
the RCRA Records Center, 16th floor, U.S. EPA, Region 10, 1200 6th 
Avenue, Suite 155, OAW-150, Seattle, Washington 98101. This facility is 
open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding 
legal holidays. We recommend you telephone David Bartus at (206) 553-
2804 before visiting the Region 10 office. The public may copy material 
from the regulatory docket at 15 cents per page.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT: Dr. David Bartus, EPA, Region 10, 
1200 6th Avenue, Suite 155, OAW-150, Seattle, Washington 98070; 
telephone number: (206) 553-2804; fax number (206) 553-8509; email 
address: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#89ebe8fbfdfcfaa7ede8ffecc9ecf9e8a7eee6ff"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="b5d7d4c7c1c0c69bd1d4c3d0f5d0c5d49bd2dac3">[email protected]</span></a>.
    As discussed in Section V below, the Washington State Department of 
Ecology is evaluating Sandvik's petition under state authority. 
Information on Ecology's action may be found at https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/publications/SummaryPages/1804023.html.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The information in this section is organized 
as follows:

I. Overview Information
II. Background
    A. What is a listed waste?
    B. What is a delisting petition?
    C. What factors must the EPA consider in deciding whether to 
grant a delisting petition?
III. EPA's Evaluation of the Waste Information and Data
    A. What waste did Sandvik petition EPA to delist?
    B. How does Sandvik generate the waste?
    C. How did Sandvik sample and analyze the waste?
    D. What were the results of Sandvik's analysis of the waste?
    E. How did the EPA evaluate the risk of delisting this waste?
    F. What did the EPA conclude about Sandvik's waste?
IV. Conditions for Exclusion
    A. When would the EPA finalize the proposed delisting exclusion?
    B. How will Sandvik manage the waste if it is delisted?
    C. What are the maximum allowable concentrations of hazardous 
constituents in the waste?
    D. How frequently must Sandvik test the waste?
    E. What data must Sandvik submit?
    F. What happens if Sandvik's waste fails to meet the conditions 
of the exclusion?
    G. What must Sandvik do if the process changes?
V. How would this action affect states?
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Overview Information

    The EPA is proposing to grant the petition submitted by Sandvik 
Special Metals (Sandvik) located in Kennewick, Washington to exclude or 
delist an annual volume of up to 1,500 cubic yards of F006 wastewater 
treatment sludge from the lists of hazardous waste set forth in 40 Code 
of Federal Regulations CFR 261.31. Sandvik claims that the petitioned 
waste does not meet the criteria for which the EPA listed it, and that 
there are no additional constituents or factors which could cause the 
waste to be hazardous.
    Based on our review described in section III, we agree with the 
petitioner that the waste is nonhazardous. We reviewed the description 
of the process which generates the waste and the analytical data 
submitted by Sandvik. We believe that the petitioned waste does not 
meet the criteria for which the waste was listed, and that there are no 
other factors which might cause the waste to be hazardous.

II. Background

A. What is a listed waste?

    The EPA published an amended list of hazardous wastes from 
nonspecific and specific sources on January 16, 1981, as part of its 
final and interim final regulations implementing Sec.  3001 of Resource 
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The EPA has amended this list 
several times and published it in 40 CFR 261.31 and 261.32.
    We list these wastes as hazardous because: (1) They typically and 
frequently exhibit one or more of the characteristics of hazardous 
wastes identified in subpart C of part 261 (that is, ignitability, 
corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity) or (2) they meet the criteria 
for listing contained in Sec.  261.11(a)(2) or (3).

B. What is a delisting petition?

    Individual waste streams may vary depending on raw materials, 
industrial processes, and other factors. Thus, while a waste described 
in the regulations generally is hazardous, a specific waste from an 
individual facility meeting the listing description may not be 
hazardous.
    A procedure to exclude or delist a waste is provided in 40 CFR 
260.20 and 260.22 which allows a person or a facility to submit a 
petition to the EPA or to an authorized state demonstrating

[[Page 46128]]

that a specific waste from a particular generating facility is not 
hazardous.\1\
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    \1\ Washington State has promulgated regulations at WAC 173-303-
910(3) corresponding to the cited federal regulation. However, 
Washington State has not received final authorization to implement 
these regulations in lieu of the federal program. As such, they are 
effective concurrent with 40 CFR 260.20 and 260.22 on a state-only 
basis.
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    In a delisting petition, the petitioner must show that a waste does 
not meet any of the criteria for listed wastes in 40 CFR 261.11 and 
that the waste does not exhibit any of the hazardous waste 
characteristics of ignitability, reactivity, corrosivity, or toxicity. 
The petitioner must present sufficient information for us to decide 
whether any factors in addition to those for which the waste was listed 
warrant retaining it as a hazardous waste. (See Sec.  260.22, 42 U.S.C. 
6921(f) and the background documents for the listed wastes.)
    If a delisting petition is granted, the generator remains obligated 
under RCRA to confirm that the waste remains nonhazardous according to 
the conditions of the delisting.

C. What factors must EPA consider in deciding whether to grant a 
delisting petition?

    In reviewing this petition, we considered the original listing 
criteria and the additional factors required by the Hazardous and Solid 
Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA). See Sec.  222 of HSWA, 42 U.S.C. 
6921(f), and 40 CFR 260.22(d)(2)-(4). We evaluated the petitioned waste 
against the listing criteria and factors cited in Sec.  261.11(a)(2) 
and (3).
    Besides considering the criteria in 40 CFR 260.22(a), 261.11(a)(2) 
and (3), 42 U.S.C. 6921(f), and in the background documents for the 
listed wastes, the EPA must consider any factors (including additional 
constituents) other than those for which we listed the waste if these 
additional factors could cause the waste to be hazardous.
    Our proposed decision to grant the petition to delist the waste 
from Sandvik's Kennewick, Washington facility is based on our 
evaluation of the waste for factors or criteria which could cause the 
waste to be hazardous. These factors included: (1) Whether the waste is 
considered acutely toxic; (2) the toxicity of the constituents; (3) the 
concentration of the constituents in the waste; (4) the tendency of the 
constituents to migrate and to bioaccumulate; (5) the persistence in 
the environment of any constituents once released from the waste; (6) 
plausible and specific types of management of the petitioned waste; (7) 
the quantity of waste produced; and (8) waste variability.
    The EPA must also consider as hazardous wastes mixtures containing 
listed hazardous wastes and wastes derived from treating, storing, or 
disposing of listed hazardous waste. See 40 CFR 261.3(a)(2)(iv) and 
(c)(2)(i), called the ``mixture'' and ``derived-from'' rules, 
respectively. Mixture and derived-from wastes are also eligible for 
exclusion but remain hazardous until excluded.

III. EPA's Evaluation of the Waste Information and Data

A. What waste did Sandvik petition the EPA to delist?

    On April 27, 2018, Sandvik petitioned the EPA to exclude an annual 
volume of up to 1,500 cubic yards of F006 wastewater treatment sludges 
generated at its facility located in Kennewick, Washington from the 
list of hazardous wastes contained in 40 CFR 261.31. F006 is defined in 
Sec.  261.31 as ``Wastewater treatment sludges from electroplating 
operations . . .'' Sandvik claims that the petitioned waste does not 
meet the criteria for which F006 was listed (i.e., cadmium, hexavalent 
chromium, nickel and complexed cyanide) and that there are no other 
factors which would cause the waste to be hazardous.

B. How does Sandvik generate the waste?

    Sandvik Special Metals fabricates specialty titanium and zirconium 
tubing for the aeronautical, medical and nuclear industries. The filter 
cake waste material that is the subject of this delisting action is the 
combined end waste from the wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) that 
manages F006 chemical etching wastes, and a separate coolant process 
waste stream associated with Sandvik's manufacturing process. A 
detailed description of the processes which contribute to the filter 
cake, including the wastewater treatment and the manufacturing 
processes, associated alloys and process materials, is provided below.
    Titanium and zirconium alloys are the main raw materials for the 
manufacturing process, with titanium being used for most products and 
zirconium being used only on special orders for the nuclear industry. 
In recent years, zirconium accounted for less than one percent of the 
total production, however, zirconium has accounted for up to 10 to 20 
percent of the production volume historically. The manufacturing 
processes meet strict industry standards for Sandvik customers and are 
consistent at the Kennewick facility.
    The standard tube making process for titanium (Ti) and zirconium 
(Zr) alloyed tubing includes three main steps. See Figure 1 in 
Sandvik's delisting petition. The alloys used in the process arrive at 
the Kennewick facility in the form of large diameter rough tubing 
(either extrusions or Trex [which is an extrusion that has been reduced 
once]) from one of two suppliers, Sandvik SZ in Sweden or ATI in 
Oregon. In the first tube-making process, the extrusions or Trex go 
through multiple cold pilger steps to reduce the diameter size of the 
tubing into seamless hollow metal tubing. The cold pilgering process 
uses roll dies (presses) and a tapered mandrel (the rod that supports 
the inside of the tube during formation) to reduce the size of the 
tubing cross section. A fatty acid coolant/lubricant is used to manage 
heat generation during the process. The number of cold pilgering steps 
is dependent on the available starting materials and final tube size. 
After each cold pilger step, the interior of the tube is cleaned in a 
hot alkaline solution to remove the fatty acid coolant/lubricant used 
in the forming process, resulting in the generation of an alkaline 
rinsing solution that is discharged to the WWTF and a small amount of 
used fatty acid coolant/lubricant, which is pumped to an underground 
storage tank and then batch transferred to the WWTF.
    The second step in the tube forming process is a high temperature 
anneal step performed to relieve stress on the metal that can make it 
brittle after cold forming. Annealing also improves the homogeneity of 
the metal and can improve the ductile and toughness properties. No 
waste is generated during the annealing process.
    During the third step, after annealing, the hollows, or final tubes 
are rotary straightened and cleaned in the hot alkaline solution again 
to remove the straightening lubrication. The cleaned hollows are open 
dip etched in an acidic solution to remove a small amount of metal from 
both the outer diameter (OD) and inner diameter (ID) surfaces. The 
acidic waste and rinse water from the hollow etch process is discharged 
to the WWTF. This acid etch step is the basis for application of the 
F006 listing to Sandvik's WWTF sludge, as discussed in the following 
section.
    If the next pass is to produce a smaller OD or thinner wall hollow, 
the above three-step process is repeated until the desired sizing is 
accomplished resulting in a final tube.

[[Page 46129]]

C. How is Sandvik's waste captured by the F006 listing definition?

    The listing definition for F006 waste at 40 CFR 261.31 states that 
the source definition of F006 wastes include:
    Wastewater treatment sludges from electroplating operations except 
from the following processes: (1) Sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminum; 
(2) tin plating on carbon steel; (3) zinc plating (segregated basis) on 
carbon steel; (4) aluminum or zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel; 
(5) cleaning/stripping associated with tin, zinc and aluminum plating 
on carbon steel; and (6) chemical etching and milling of aluminum.
    The EPA promulgated an interpretive rule (51 FR 43350 (December 2, 
1986)) clarifying the scope of the EPA Hazardous Waste No. F006 
contained in the list of hazardous wastes from non-specific sources of 
Subpart D of Part 261. This interpretive rule established that:
    The F006 listing is (and always has been) therefore, inclusive of 
wastewater treatment sludges from only the following processes: (1) 
Common and precious metals electroplating, except tin, zinc (segregated 
basis), aluminum, and zinc-aluminum plating on carbon steel; (2) 
anodizing, except sulfuric acid anodizing of aluminum; (3) chemical 
etching and milling, except when performed on aluminum; and (4) 
cleaning and stripping, except when associated with tin, zinc, and 
aluminum plating on carbon steel.
    Because the Sandvik production process that results in generation 
of the candidate WWTF sludge includes chemical etching other than that 
performed on aluminum, Sandvik's WWTF sludge meets the definition of 
F006 listed waste.

D. How did Sandvik sample and analyze the petitioned waste?

    Sandvik conducted a detailed chemical analysis of their WWTF sludge 
according to a written sampling and analysis plan (SAP), provided as 
Attachment 2 to the delisting petition. This SAP included the following 
key elements:
    <bullet> A description of the manufacturing and wastewater 
treatment processes relevant to the petitioned waste;
    <bullet> An initial identification of Constituents of Potential 
Concern (COPCs) potentially present in the petitioned waste based on 
manufacturing and wastewater treatment processes;
    <bullet> Development of sampling strategies to address variations 
and periodic fluctuations in the manufacturing and wastewater treatment 
processes, including obtaining representative samples to account for 
variations of alloys used in the manufacturing process and addition of 
coolant/lubricant into the filter cake.
    <bullet> The proposed methodology for evaluating the resulting data 
with respect to anticipated delisting decision criteria; and
    <bullet> A Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) documenting the 
required quality and quantity of the data necessary for decisions based 
on them to be within an acceptable degree of uncertainty.
    Sandvik's SAP identified an initial list of COPCs based on a 
consideration of constituents included in the F006 hazardous waste 
listing and present in the manufacturing and wastewater treatment 
materials and processes. See Section 2 and Table 5 of Attachment 2 in 
Sandvik's delisting petition. Additionally, the list of COPCs included 
impurities and other constituents listed in the alloys and in the 
process and wastewater treatment chemical Safety Data Sheets (SDS).\2\ 
Constituents were then evaluated based on historical detections in the 
filter cake waste and compared to constituents listed in the following 
RCRA regulations, as applicable to the Kennewick facility and this 
specific filter cake waste:
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    \2\ SDS constituent reporting requirements are typically 
ingredients which have been determined to be health hazards, and 
which comprise 1% or greater of the composition, except chemicals 
identified as carcinogens which are listed if the concentrations are 
0.1% or greater. In addition, chemicals <1% (<0.1% for carcinogens) 
are reported if they could be released from the product at a 
concentration that would exceed an established Occupational Safety 
and Health Administration (OHSA) exposure limit. SDSs are prepared 
in accordance with OHSA (29 CFR 1910.1200(g)) and the Global 
Harmonization System.
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    <bullet> Constituent for which F006 was listed (40 CFR part 261 
Appendix VII; WAC 173-303-082) or listed as a Land Disposal Restriction 
(LDR) constituent subject to treatment for F006 or identified as a 
constituent for which an LDR Universal Treatment Standard has been 
established (40 CFR 268.40 and 268.48; WAC 173-303-140) with the 
exception of cyanide. Cyanide was not retained as a COPC because there 
is no documented use of cyanide at the Kennewick facility and it was 
not detected in historical filter cake samples.
    <bullet> Constituent has been historically detected in filter cake 
and was present on the Toxicity Characteristics List (40 CFR 261.24; 
WAC 173-303-090 Part 8), Hazardous Constituents List (40 CFR part 261 
Appendix VIII; WAC 173-303-9905), and/or Groundwater Monitoring List 
(40 CFR part 264 Appendix IX; WAC 173-303-110(7)).
    <bullet> According to the alloy composition, constituent could 
potentially be present in the filter cake and is listed on the Toxicity 
Characteristics List (40 CFR 261.24; WAC 173-303-090(8)), Hazardous 
Constituents List (40 CFR part 261 Appendix VIII; WAC 173-303-9905), 
and/or the Groundwater Monitoring List (40 CFR part 264 Appendix IX; 
WAC 173-303-110 Part 7).
    A constituent was not retained as a COPC if it was not:
    <bullet> Listed on potentially relevant regulatory lists; or
    <bullet> There was no documented Kennewick facility use of the 
constituent, or it was a minor constituent in wastewater treatment 
material, not detected in historical filter cake samples, or converted 
to another COPC in the wastewater treatment process (i.e., hydrofluoric 
acid is present as fluoride in the filter cake).
    Based on this analysis, Sandvik's SAP proposed the following list 
of COPCs: Arsenic; Barium; Cadmium; Chromium (including hexavalent 
chromium); Cobalt; Copper; Fluoride; \3\ Lead; Nickel; Silver; Tin; 
Vanadium; and Zinc. Details of Sandvik's identification of COPCs can be 
found in Table 5 in Attachment 2 to the delisting petition.
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    \3\ Fluoride does not meet the criteria set forth in Section 3.1 
but is included in the final list of COPCs as requested by the EPA 
during a 17 April 2017 teleconference.
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    The objectives of the waste characterization sampling conducted by 
Sandvik were as follows:
    <bullet> To supplement the existing historical data set with total 
and TCLP data for the identified COPCs;
    <bullet> To collect samples that are representative of process 
variations that include processing of two different alloy materials 
(titanium and zirconium) and the periodic addition of the waste 
coolant/lubricant to the filter cake waste;
    <bullet> To assess acute toxicity effects of wastes in accordance 
with the Washington State Department of Ecology's 80-12, Part A 
protocol,\4\ and
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    \4\ This sampling requirement is in place to satisfy state-only 
requirements of Ecology's dangerous waste program. This requirement 
is considered broader in scope than the federally authorized 
program.
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    <bullet> To generate a representative data set that can be used in 
the Delisting Risk Assessment Software (DRAS) modeling.
    To achieve these objectives, Sandvik collected six (6) 
representative samples over three (3) sampling events that included the 
following scope of work:
    <bullet> Each event included the collection of one filter cake 
sample with the used

[[Page 46130]]

coolant/lubricant waste stream and one filter cake sample without the 
used coolant/lubricant waste stream;
    <bullet> Since titanium raw materials are present at higher weight 
composition percentages than zirconium, four filter cake samples (two 
with coolant and two without coolant) events were obtained when only 
titanium alloys were being run in the manufacturing process; and
    <bullet> To account for the use of zirconium, two samples (one with 
coolant and one without coolant) were obtained while zirconium alloys 
were also being run in the manufacturing process in addition to 
titanium alloys.\5\
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    \5\ The zirconium product requirements are more sensitive to 
contamination. As such, the tanks and mills are flushed prior to 
zirconium production. The titanium product requirements are not as 
sensitive; therefore, following zirconium production, the same acids 
and coolant/lubricants are used during titanium production.
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    All samples were analyzed for total and TCLP COPCs, where 
applicable. If chromium was detected at a concentration above the 
laboratory practical quantitation limit (PQL), a sample from the same 
sampling event was analyzed for hexavalent chromium. If chromium was 
not detected above the PQL, no additional testing was performed. This 
approach to sampling for chromium was used for both total and TCLP 
sampling.
    One sample with the coolant/lubricant and one sample without the 
coolant/lubricant was analyzed to assess acute toxicity via bioassay as 
part of the first titanium-only sampling events. This combination of 
the filter cake production characteristics is expected to be the most 
conservative choice for bioassay testing, given the higher number of 
impurities in the titanium alloy. Additional details of Sandvik's waste 
characterization sampling activities are provided in Attachment 2 to 
the delisting petition.

D. What were the results of Sandvik's analysis of its waste?

    Sandvik provided results of their waste characterization activities 
in Attachment 3 to the delisting petition entitled ``Sampling Results 
and Data Evaluation Report.'' As part of its overall delisting petition 
submission, Sandvik submitted a signed statement certifying that 
information in the petition, including their submission of waste 
characterization data and description of the associated sampling and 
analysis activities, is true, accurate and complete, and the 
responsibilities of the signatory of the delisting petition. See 40 CFR 
260.22(i)(12).
    Sandvik conducted its first sampling event on July 31, 2017, 
followed by two additional sampling events on August 31 and September 
25, 2017. Two representative samples of the WWTF filter cake were 
collected during each event, one with the used coolant/lubricant waste 
stream and one without, for a total of six filter cake samples. Of 
these six samples, four were collected when only titanium alloys were 
being run in the manufacturing process, and two when zirconium was also 
being run. Each sample was a composite sample collected from four 
separate locations within each filter cake collection bin used to 
collect the filter cake following the filter press. Sandvik's delisting 
petition states that according to facility representatives, the filter 
cake generation durations and resulting volumes within the filter press 
during each sampling event were typical for facility operations. 
Additional details of Sandvik's waste characterization sampling 
activities can be found in Section 3 of the SAP (Attachment 2 of the 
delisting petition).
    Sandvik performed a quality assurance/quality control review of 
each laboratory report, with complete results of the data validation 
review detailed in Appendix C of the SAP. While this review identified 
one constituent (arsenic) from one sampling round where the data do not 
fully satisfy the data quality objectives set forth in Sandvik's 
quality control standards, Sandvik concludes that the data are 
nevertheless generally suitable for their intended decision-making 
function. This constituent and sampling round are discussed further 
below.
    Based on the results of filter cake characterization sampling, 
Sandvik concluded that all constituents other than hexavalent chromium 
should be retained as constituents of concern for further evaluation. 
Sandvik's deletion of hexavalent chromium from the list of COPCs is 
based on hexavalent chromium not being detected in any of the filter 
cake total or TCLP analysis according to the sampling methodology 
described above.
    Sandvik compared their 2017 waste characterization sampling results 
to historical total and TCLP results available for several of the 
COPCs. The range of recent COPC results was consistent with historical 
results except for fluoride. Historical total fluoride concentrations 
of 67,500 mg/kg and 42,000 mg/kg from 1991 and 1997, respectively, were 
several orders of magnitude higher than recent concentrations; the 
highest recent concentration was 907 mg/kg. Sandvik indicates that it 
has progressively reduced the amount of etching in its process at the 
Kennewick facility, which would result in a decline in hydrofluoric 
acid use and fluoride in the filter cake. In addition, the collection 
method of the historical samples as well as the production and 
wastewater treatment system operations at the time of historical 
sampling are unknown. As a result, the 2017 samples are considered to 
be more representative of typical conditions for fluoride for current 
and future operations at the Kennewick facility.
    Overall, totals concentrations from the three 2017 sampling events 
were within the range of historical results. In addition to fluoride, 
as discussed in the previous paragraph, one 2017 maximum nickel sample 
(425 mg/kg) exceeded the historical maximum nickel sample of 392 mg/kg. 
The 2017 totals samples also exceeded historical maximum concentrations 
for arsenic, barium, chromium, and silver, but none of these 
constituents had a difference of more than one order of magnitude 
between the 2017 and historic samples. Because most historical 
concentrations are from 20 or more years ago and production and 
collection methods are unknown, the 2017 COPC results obtained from 
implementation of the SAP were considered more reliable and used for 
the subsequent data evaluation.
    Sandvik also compared the 2017 waste characterization sampling 
result to the toxicity characteristic (TC) regulatory standard for 
those waste constituents for which regulatory standards have been 
established. Based on this comparison, Sandvik concluded that the 
candidate wastes do not exhibit the toxicity characteristic. Although 
Sandvik did not explicitly evaluate their candidate wastes for the 
characteristics of ignitability, reactivity or corrosivity, the EPA 
agrees that process knowledge provides an adequate demonstration that 
the wastes in question do not exhibit the enumerated characteristics.

E. How did the EPA evaluate the risk of delisting this waste?

    For this delisting determination, we assumed that the waste would 
be disposed in a Subtitle D landfill and we considered transport of 
waste constituents through ground water, surface water and air. We 
evaluated Sandvik's analysis of petitioned waste using the Agency's 
Delisting Risk Assessment Software (DRAS) to predict the concentration 
of hazardous constituents that might be released from the petitioned 
waste and to determine if the waste would pose a threat to human health 
and the environment. The DRAS software and associated documentation can 
be found at www.epa.gov/hw/

[[Page 46131]]

hazardous-waste-delisting-risk-assessment-software-dras.
    To predict the potential for release to groundwater from landfilled 
wastes and subsequent routes of exposure to a receptor, the DRAS uses 
dilution attenuation factors derived from the EPA's Composite Model for 
leachate migration with Transformation Products. From a release to 
ground water, the DRAS considers routes of exposure to a human receptor 
of ingestion of contaminated groundwater, inhalation from groundwater 
while showering and dermal contact from groundwater while bathing.
    From a release to surface water by erosion of waste from an open 
landfill into storm water run-off, DRAS evaluates the exposure to a 
human receptor by fish ingestion and ingestion of drinking water. From 
a release of waste particles and volatile emissions to air from the 
surface of an open landfill, DRAS considers routes of exposure of 
inhalation of volatile constituents, inhalation of particles, and air 
deposition of particles on residential soil and subsequent ingestion of 
the contaminated soil by a child. The technical support document and 
the user's guide to DRAS are included in the docket.
    Sandvik documented the input parameters used in their DRAS 
analysis, as summarized below:

                  Table 1--Sandvik Delisting DRAS Input
------------------------------------------------------------------------
     DRAS input parameter             Value             Assumptions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Waste Management Unit Type....  Landfill.........  Waste planned for
                                                    disposal in the
                                                    Finley Buttes
                                                    Municipal Landfill,
                                                    Boardman, Oregon.
Waste Volume--annual            1,500 cubic yards/ Conservative
 generation.                     year.              estimation value
                                                    based on facility-
                                                    specific
                                                    information.
Waste Management Unit Active    20 years.........  Selected based on the
 Life.                                              DRAS default value.
Target risk--carcinogenic risk  1x10-\5\.........  Based on risk ranges
 level.                                             in the EPA's RCRA
                                                    Delisting Technical
                                                    Support Document
                                                    (2008).
Target risk--health quotient..  1.0..............  Based on risk ranges
                                                    in the EPA's RCRA
                                                    Delisting Technical
                                                    Support Document
                                                    (2008).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    At a target cancer risk of 1x10-\5\ and a target hazard quotient of 
1.0, the DRAS program determined maximum allowable concentrations for 
each constituent in both the waste and the leachate at an annual waste 
volume of 1,500 cubic yards. Sandvik used the maximum estimated annual 
waste volume and the maximum reported total and estimated leachate 
concentrations as inputs to estimate the constituent concentrations in 
the ground water, soil, surface water or air. The following table 
documents the constituent-specific maximum total and TCLP sample 
results used as input to the DRAS analysis, and the resulting modeling 
results from DRAS. The EPA notes that it has independently conducted 
its own DRAS modeling run, and has verified the modeling results 
documented by Sandvik in its delisting petition.

                                                    Table 2--Sampling Data and DRAS Modeling Results
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Maximum observed concentration                                     Modeling results
                                                \1\              ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 --------------------------------            Total concentrations                         TCLP concentration
     Constituent of concern                                      ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Total \1\ (mg/    TCLP (mg/L)       Limiting                                    Limiting
                                        kg)             \4\         concentration     Limiting pathway \3\      concentration     Limiting pathway \3\
                                                                     (mg/kg) \2\                                 (mg/L) \2\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arsenic.........................            4.77          0.05 U             9,840  Fish Ingestion..........             0.042  GW Ingestion.
Barium..........................            24.1          0.05 U        21,300,000  Fish Ingestion..........               176  MCL.
Cadmium.........................            15.0          0.05 U            37,100  Fish Ingestion..........             0.451  MCL.
Chromium........................            44.3          0.05 U            77,500  Air Particulate                       9.54  MCL.
                                                                                     Inhalation.
Cobalt..........................             291           0.255           103,000  Air Particulate                       1.06  GW Ingestion.
                                                                                     Inhalation.
Copper..........................            26.2           0.057         3,790,000  Fish Ingestion..........               120  MCL.
Fluoride........................             907             114     1,490,000,000  Soil....................               194  GW Ingestion.
Lead............................            11.1          0.05 U         8,870,000  Air Particulate                       2.95  MCL.
                                                                                     Inhalation.
Nickel..........................             425           0.466         3,870,000  Air Particulate                       66.4  GW Ingestion.
                                                                                     Inhalation.
Silver..........................            5.76          0.05 U         3,830,000  Fish Ingestion..........              38.8  GW Ingestion.
Tin.............................             268          0.05 U    14,900,000,000  Soil....................       192,000,000  GW Ingestion.
Vanadium........................           1,500          0.05 U       124,000,000  Soil....................              16.9  GW Ingestion.
Zinc............................            69.4           0.233         9,810,000  Fish ingestion..........               992  GW Ingestion.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Maximum concentration obtained during implementation of the 2017 Sampling and Analysis Plan (Geosyntec, 2017).
\2\ The Limiting Concentration is the lowest risk-based concentration developed in DRAS for the potential receptor pathways and specified target risk
  levels. See text in Section IV.C for the EPA's consideration of limiting concentrations exceeding 1,000,000 mg/kg for total concentrations or
  1,000,000 mg/L for TCLP concentrations.
\3\ The Limiting Pathway is the corresponding potential receptor pathway for the Limiting Concentration.
\4\ For detected constituents, the maximum analytical result was used. For non-detect constituents (annotated with a ``U''), the practical quantitation
  limit (PQL) was used.
\5\ Note: Italicized cells indicate exceedance of COPC Concentration Input over the Limiting Concentration in the DRAS modeling.


[[Page 46132]]

F. What did the EPA conclude about Sandvik's waste?

    The maximum reported concentrations of the hazardous constituents 
found in this waste are presented in the table above. The table also 
presents the maximum allowable concentrations. Except for the 
groundwater pathway for arsenic, the concentrations of all constituents 
in both the waste and the leachate are below the allowable 
concentrations.
    For arsenic, the maximum reported concentration was undetected at a 
value of 0.05 mg/L, a value slightly higher than the maximum allowable 
TCLP concentration of 0.042 mg/L. The EPA's review of the corresponding 
laboratory reports indicate that the laboratory reported sample results 
from the July 31, 2017 characterization sampling round as non-detect 
based on a practical quantitation limit of 0.05 mg/L. Subsequent 
laboratory reports for the August 31, 2017 and October 4, 2017 
characterization rounds, however, reported TCLP arsenic results as non-
detect at a level of 0.001 mg/L, based on a lower method detection 
limit rather a practical quantitation limit. Since the total arsenic 
results for all characterization samples are both low and consistent, 
ranging from 2.02 to 4.77 mg/kg, the EPA believes that the TCLP arsenic 
results for the July 31, 2017 results are not likely to be materially 
different than lower non-detect results for the August 31, 2017 and 
October 4, 2017 sample results. Also, based on the difference in 
arsenic concentrations from the totals analysis (detected at low 
levels) and the TCLP samples (non-detect), arsenic appears to be 
relatively immobile in the filter cake. Therefore, the EPA concludes 
that even though the TCLP arsenic data from the August 31, 2017, 
laboratory report does not explicitly document satisfaction of the 
0.042 mg/L TCLP arsenic delisting criterion, the overall data set 
clearly supports a conclusion that the TCLP arsenic results do not 
exceed the maximum allowable concentration of 0.042 mg/L from any of 
the characterization sampling rounds, and that this arsenic data 
quality issue is not a sufficient basis to disqualify Sandvik's waste 
from being delisted. If the EPA approves Sandvik's delisting petition, 
Sandvik must ensure that any required periodic verification sampling 
and analysis meet appropriate data quality standards to address this 
issue.
    We, therefore, conclude that Sandvik's wastewater treatment sludge 
is not a substantial or potential hazard to human health and the 
environment when disposed of in a Subtitle D landfill. Further, the 
data presented by Sandvik in their petition supports the EPA's 
conclusion that the petitioned waste does not exhibit any hazardous 
characteristic, and that there are no other factors that would warrant 
retaining the waste as hazardous. On this basis, we propose to grant 
the Sandvik's petition to delist this waste. If this exclusion is 
finalized, and subject to the conditions of the final delisting, 
Sandvik must dispose of this waste in a Subtitle D landfill permitted 
or licensed by a state and will remain obligated to verify that the 
waste continues to meet the allowable concentrations set forth here. 
Sandvik must also continue to demonstrate that the waste does not 
exhibit any hazardous characteristics pursuant to 40 CFR part 261 
Subpart C.

IV. Conditions for Exclusion

A. When would the EPA finalize the proposed delisting exclusion?

    HSWA specifically requires the EPA to provide notice and an 
opportunity for comment before granting or denying a final exclusion. 
Thus, EPA will not make a final decision or grant an exclusion until it 
has addressed all timely public comments on today's proposal, including 
any at public hearings.
    Since this rule would reduce the existing requirements for persons 
generating hazardous wastes, the regulated community does not need a 
six-month period to come into compliance in accordance with Sec.  3010 
of RCRA as amended by HSWA.

B. How will Sandvik manage the waste if it is delisted?

    If the petitioned waste is delisted, Sandvik must dispose of it in 
a Subtitle D landfill which is permitted, licensed, or registered by a 
state to manage industrial waste.

C. What are the maximum allowable concentrations of hazardous 
constituents in the waste?

    Concentrations measured in the waste of the following constituents 
must not exceed the concentrations in Table 3 below. The EPA notes that 
for barium, chromium, and silver, the DRAS model output predicts a 
maximum concentration in an extract of the waste that exceeds the 
toxicity characteristic regulatory designation level (TC Limit) for 
that constituent. Since wastes that are a candidate for delisting 
cannot exhibit a characteristic, the fourth column in Table 3 caps the 
maximum TCLP concentration of the waste at the toxicity characteristic 
regulatory level for barium, chromium and silver. These capped levels 
for the maximum TCLP concentration are the enforceable decision 
criteria for demonstrating that the waste meets delisting criteria.

                        Table 3--Verification Constituents and Compliance Concentrations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                       TCLP
                                                                       Total           TCLP        concentration
                           Constituent                             concentration   concentration    DRAS model
                                                                  DRAS model (mg/ DRAS model (mg/  capped at TC
                                                                        kg)             l)         limit (mg/l)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Arsenic.........................................................           9,840           0.042           0.042
Barium..........................................................             N/A             176             100
Cadmium.........................................................          37,100           0.451           0.451
Chromium........................................................          77,500            9.54            5.00
Cobalt..........................................................         103,000            1.06            1.06
Copper..........................................................             N/A             120             120
Fluoride........................................................             N/A             194             194
Lead............................................................             N/A            2.95            2.95
Nickel..........................................................             N/A            66.4            66.4
Silver..........................................................             N/A            38.8            5.00
Vanadium........................................................             N/A            16.9            16.9
Zinc............................................................             N/A             992             992
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 46133]]

    The EPA notes that in multiple instances the maximum allowable 
total constituent concentrations provided by the DRAS model exceed 100% 
of the waste--these DRAS results are an artifact of the risk 
calculations that do not have physical meaning. In instances where DRAS 
predicts a maximum constituent greater than 100 percent of the waste 
(that is, greater than 1,000,000 mg/kg or mg/L, respectively, for total 
and TCLP concentrations), the EPA is not requiring Sandvik to perform 
sampling and analysis for that constituent and sampling type (total or 
TCLP). In these instances, the corresponding entry in Table 3 above is 
``N/A.''

D. How frequently must Sandvik test the waste?

    Sandvik must analyze a representative sample of the wastewater 
treatment sludges on an annual basis to demonstrate that the 
constituents of concern in the petitioned waste do not exceed the 
concentrations of concern in section IV.C above. Sandvik must use 
methods with sufficient analytical sensitivity and appropriate quality 
control procedures. SW-846 Method 1311 must be used for generation of 
the leachate extract used in the testing of the subject waste. SW-846 
Method 1311 is incorporated by reference in 40 CFR 260.11.
    A total analysis of the waste (accounting for any filterable 
liquids and the dilution factor inherent in the TCLP method) may be 
used to estimate the TCLP concentration as provided for in section 1.2 
of Method 1311. The EPA is not requiring Sandvik to use Method 1330 for 
extraction of wastes, since Method 1330 is applicable to API separator 
sludges, rag oils, slop oil emulsions, and other oil wastes derived 
from petroleum refining, which are fundamentally different wastes than 
those proposed by Sandvik for delisting.

E. What data must Sandvik submit?

    Sandvik must submit the data obtained through annual verification 
testing to U.S. EPA Region 10, Office of Air and Waste, 1200 6th 
Avenue, Suite 155, OAW-150, Seattle, Washington 98101 upon each 
anniversary of the effective date of this exclusion. Sandvik must 
submit sampling data from both titanium and zirconium manufacturing 
processes provided both of these materials have been in production and 
contributed to candidate wastes within the three (3) month period prior 
to each anniversary of the effective date of this delisting. If both 
materials are not in production with the specified three-month period, 
then only data from that material in production need be submitted.
    Sandvik must compile, summarize, and maintain on-site for a minimum 
of five years, records of analytical data required by this rule, and 
operating conditions relevant to those data analytical data. Sandvik 
must make those records available for inspection. All data must be 
accompanied by a signed copy of the certification statement in 40 CFR 
260.22(i)(12).

F. What happens if Sandvik fails to meet the conditions of the 
exclusion?

    If Sandvik violates the terms and conditions established in the 
exclusion, the Agency may start procedures to withdraw the exclusion.
    If the verification testing of the waste does not demonstrate 
compliance with the delisting concentrations described in section IV.C 
above, or other data (including but not limited to leachate data or 
groundwater monitoring data from the final land disposal facility) 
relevant to the delisted waste indicates that any constituent is at a 
concentration in waste above specified delisting verification 
concentrations in Table 3, Sandvik must notify the Agency within 10 
days of first possessing or being made aware of the data. The exclusion 
will be suspended and the waste managed as hazardous until Sandvik has 
received written approval from the EPA to continue the exclusion. 
Sandvik may provide sampling results which support the continuation of 
the delisting exclusion.
    The EPA has the authority under RCRA and the Administrative 
Procedures Act, 5 U.S.C. 551 (1978) et seq. to reopen a delisting 
decision if we receive new information indicating that the conditions 
of this exclusion have been violated, or are otherwise not being met.

G. What must Sandvik do if the process changes?

    If Sandvik significantly changes the manufacturing or treatment 
process or the chemicals used in the manufacturing or treatment 
process, Sandvik may not handle the wastewater treatment sludge 
generated from the new process under this exclusion until it has 
demonstrated to the EPA that the waste meets the concentrations set 
forth in section IV.C and that no new hazardous constituents listed in 
Appendix VIII of 40 CFR part 261 have been introduced. Sandvik must 
manage wastes generated after the process change as hazardous waste 
until Sandvik has received written notice from the EPA that the 
demonstration has been accepted.

V. How would this action affect the states?

    Because the EPA is proposing to issue this exclusion under the 
federal RCRA delisting regulations, only states subject to federal RCRA 
delisting provisions will be affected. This exclusion may not be 
effective in states which have received authorization from the EPA to 
make their own delisting decisions.
    The EPA allows states to impose their own non-RCRA regulatory 
requirements that are more stringent than the EPA's, under Sec.  3009 
of RCRA. These more stringent requirements may include a provision that 
prohibits a federally issued exclusion from taking effect in the state. 
We urge petitioners to contact the state regulatory authority to 
establish the status of their wastes under the state law.
    The EPA has also authorized some states to administer a delisting 
program in place of the federal program, that is, to make state 
delisting decisions. Therefore, this exclusion does not apply in those 
authorized states. If Sandvik manages the waste in any state with 
delisting authorization, Sandvik must obtain delisting authorization or 
other determination from the receiving state before it can manage the 
waste as nonhazardous in that state.
    While Washington State has received final authorization to 
implement most of its dangerous waste program regulations in lieu of 
the federal program, including the listing and identification of F006 
wastes (See 51 FR 3782 (January 30, 1986), it has not been authorized 
to implement its delisting regulations program in lieu of the federal 
program. The EPA notes that Washington State has provisions in the 
Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-910(3) similar to the 
federal provisions upon which this delisting is based. These provisions 
are in effect as a matter of state law. Thus, Sandvik must seek 
approval from Washington State at the state level in addition to this 
proposed delisting.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This proposed action is exempt from review by the Office of 
Management and Budget because it is a rule of particular applicability, 
not general applicability.

[[Page 46134]]

The proposed action approves a delisting petition under RCRA for the 
petitioned waste at a particular facility.

B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling 
Regulatory Costs

    This proposed action is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory 
action because actions such as approval of delisting petitions under 
RCRA are exempted under Executive Order 12866.

C. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed action does not impose an information collection 
burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) because it only applies to a particular facility.

D. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    E. Because this rule is of particular applicability relating to a 
particular facility, it is not subject to the regulatory flexibility 
provision of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.).

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    This proposed action does not contain any unfunded mandate as 
described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538) and 
does not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action 
imposes no new enforceable duty on any state, local, or tribal 
governments or the private sector.

G. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This proposed action does not have federalism implications. It will 
not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship 
between the national government and the states, or on the distribution 
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

H. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This proposed action does not have tribal implications as specified 
in Executive Order 13175. This proposed action applies only to a 
particular facility on non-tribal land. Thus, Executive Order 13175 
does not apply to this action.

I. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    This proposed action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 
because it is not economically significant as defined in Executive 
Order 12866, and because the EPA does not believe the environmental 
health or safety risks addressed by this action present a 
disproportionate risk to children. This proposed action's health and 
risk assessments using the Agency's Delisting Risk Assessment Software 
(DRAS), which considers health and safety risks to children, are 
described in section III.E above. The technical support document and 
the user's guide for DRAS are included in the docket.

J. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use

    This proposed action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, 
because it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 
12866.

K. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    This proposed action does not involve technical standards as 
described by the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 
1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note).

L. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA believes that this proposed action does not have 
disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental 
effects on minority populations, low-income populations, and/or 
indigenous peoples. The EPA has determined that this proposed action 
will not have disproportionately high and adverse human health or 
environmental effects on minority or low-income populations because it 
does not affect the level of protection provided to human health or the 
environment. The Agency's risk assessment, as described in section 
III.E above, did not identify risks from management of this material in 
an authorized, solid waste landfill (e.g. RCRA Subtitle D landfill, 
commercial/industrial solid waste landfill, etc.). Therefore, the EPA 
believes that any populations in proximity of the landfills used by 
this facility should not be adversely affected by common waste 
management practices for this delisted waste.

M. Congressional Review Act

    This proposed action is exempt from the Congressional Review Act (5 
U.S.C. 801 et seq.) because it is a rule of particular applicability.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 261

    Environmental protection, Hazardous waste, Recycling, and Reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: August 21, 2018.
Jan Hastings,
Deputy Director, Office of Air and Waste.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, the EPA proposes to amend 
40 CFR part 261 as follows:

PART 261--IDENTIFICATION AND LISTING OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

0
1. The authority citation for part 261 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 6905, 6912(a), 6921, 6922, 6924(y) and 
6938.

0
2. Amend Table 1 of Appendix IX to Part 261 by adding the following 
waste stream entry ``Sandvik Special Metals'' in alphabetical order to 
read as follows:

Appendix IX to Part 261--Wastes Excluded Under Sec. Sec.  260.20 and 
260.22

                               Table 1--Wastes Excluded From Non-Specific Sources
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Facility                            Address                        Waste description
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
Sandvik Special Metals..................  Kennewick, Washington......  Wastewater treatment sludges, F006,
                                                                        generated at Sandvik Special Metals
                                                                        (Sandvik) facility in Kennewick,
                                                                        Washington at a maximum annual rate of
                                                                        1,500 cubic yards per year. The sludge
                                                                        must be disposed of in a Subtitle D
                                                                        landfill which is licensed, permitted,
                                                                        or otherwise authorized by a state to
                                                                        accept the delisted wastewater treatment
                                                                        sludge. The exclusion becomes effective
                                                                        as of [the date of final publication].
                                                                       1. Delisting Levels: (A) The constituent
                                                                        concentrations in a representative
                                                                        sample of the waste must not exceed the
                                                                        following levels: Total concentrations
                                                                        (mg/kg): Arsenic--9,840; Cadmium--
                                                                        37,100; Chromium--77,500; Cobalt--
                                                                        103,000. TCLP Concentrations (mg/l in
                                                                        the waste extract): Arsenic--0.042;
                                                                        Barium--100; Cadmium--0.451; Chromium--
                                                                        5.00; Cobalt--1.06; Copper--120;
                                                                        Fluoride--194; Lead--2.95; Nickel--66.4;
                                                                        Silver--5.00; Vanadium--16.9; Zinc--992.

[[Page 46135]]

 
                                                                       2. Annual Verification Testing: To verify
                                                                        that the waste does not exceed the
                                                                        delisting concentrations specified in
                                                                        Section 1.A, Sandvik must collect and
                                                                        analyze one representative waste sample
                                                                        with coolant on an annual basis no later
                                                                        than each anniversary of the effective
                                                                        date of this delisting using methods
                                                                        with appropriate detection
                                                                        concentrations and elements of quality
                                                                        control. If both titanium and zirconium
                                                                        products have been in production and
                                                                        contributed to candidate wastes within
                                                                        the three-month period prior to each
                                                                        anniversary of the effective date of
                                                                        this delisting, samples of waste from
                                                                        both manufacturing processes must be
                                                                        collected for that reporting cycle.
                                                                        Otherwise, sampling only of that
                                                                        material in production within the
                                                                        specified three-month period is
                                                                        required. Sampling data must be provided
                                                                        to the EPA no later 60 days following
                                                                        each anniversary of the effective date
                                                                        of this delisting, or such later date as
                                                                        the EPA may agree to in writing. Sandvik
                                                                        must conduct all verification sampling
                                                                        according to a written sampling plan and
                                                                        associated quality assurance project
                                                                        plan that ensures analytical data are
                                                                        suitable for their intended use, which
                                                                        must be made available to the EPA upon
                                                                        request. Sandvik's annual submission
                                                                        must also include a certification that
                                                                        all wastes satisfying the delisting
                                                                        concentrations in Condition 1.A have
                                                                        been disposed of in a Subtitle D
                                                                        landfill which is licensed, permitted,
                                                                        or otherwise authorized by a state to
                                                                        accept the delisted wastewater treatment
                                                                        sludge.
                                                                       3. Changes in Operating Conditions:
                                                                        Sandvik must notify the EPA in writing
                                                                        if it significantly changes the
                                                                        manufacturing process, the chemicals
                                                                        used in the manufacturing process, the
                                                                        treatment process, or the chemicals used
                                                                        in the treatment process. Sandvik must
                                                                        handle wastes generated after the
                                                                        process change as hazardous until it has
                                                                        demonstrated that the wastes continue to
                                                                        meet the delisting concentrations in
                                                                        section 1.C, demonstrated that no new
                                                                        hazardous constituents listed in 40 CFR
                                                                        part 261 Appendix VIII have been
                                                                        introduced into the manufacturing
                                                                        process or waste treatment process, and
                                                                        it has received written approval from
                                                                        the EPA that it may continue to manage
                                                                        the waste as non-hazardous.
                                                                       4. Data Submittals: Sandvik must submit
                                                                        the data obtained through verification
                                                                        testing or as required by other
                                                                        conditions of this rule to the Director,
                                                                        Office of Air and Waste, U.S. EPA Region
                                                                        10, 1200 6th Avenue Suite 155, OAW-150,
                                                                        Seattle, Washington, 98070 or his or her
                                                                        equivalent. The annual verification data
                                                                        and certification of proper disposal
                                                                        must be submitted within 60 days after
                                                                        each anniversary of the effective date
                                                                        of this delisting exclusion, or such
                                                                        later date as the EPA may agree to in
                                                                        writing. Sandvik must compile,
                                                                        summarize, and maintain on-site for a
                                                                        minimum of five years, records of
                                                                        analytical data required by this rule,
                                                                        and operating conditions relevant to
                                                                        those data. Sandvik must make these
                                                                        records available for inspection. All
                                                                        data must be accompanied by a signed
                                                                        copy of the certification statement in
                                                                        40 CFR 260.22(i)(12). If Sandvik fails
                                                                        to submit the required data within the
                                                                        specified time or maintain the required
                                                                        records on-site for the specified time,
                                                                        the EPA may, at its discretion, consider
                                                                        such failure a sufficient basis to
                                                                        reopen the exclusion as described in
                                                                        paragraph 5.
                                                                       5. Reopener Language--(A) If, any time
                                                                        after disposal of the delisted waste,
                                                                        Sandvik possesses or is otherwise made
                                                                        aware of any data relevant to the
                                                                        delisted waste indicating that any
                                                                        constituent is at a higher than the
                                                                        specified delisting concentration, then
                                                                        Sandvik must report such data, in
                                                                        writing, to the Director, Office of Air
                                                                        and Waste, EPA, Region 10, or his or her
                                                                        equivalent, within 10 days of first
                                                                        possessing or being made aware of that
                                                                        data. (B) Based on the information
                                                                        described in paragraph (A) and any other
                                                                        information received from any source,
                                                                        the EPA will make a preliminary
                                                                        determination as to whether the reported
                                                                        information requires Agency action to
                                                                        protect human health or the environment.
                                                                        Further action may include suspending,
                                                                        or revoking the exclusion, or other
                                                                        appropriate response necessary to
                                                                        protect human health and the
                                                                        environment.
                                                                       (C) If the EPA determines that the
                                                                        reported information does require Agency
                                                                        action, the EPA will notify Sandvik in
                                                                        writing of the actions it believes are
                                                                        necessary to protect human health and
                                                                        the environment. The notice shall
                                                                        include a statement of the proposed
                                                                        action and a statement providing Sandvik
                                                                        with an opportunity to present
                                                                        information as to why the proposed
                                                                        Agency action is not necessary or to
                                                                        suggest an alternative action. Sandvik
                                                                        shall have 30 days from the date of the
                                                                        EPA's notice to present the information.
                                                                        (D) If after 30 days Sandvik presents no
                                                                        further information or after a review of
                                                                        any submitted information, the EPA will
                                                                        issue a final written determination
                                                                        describing the Agency actions that are
                                                                        necessary to protect human health or the
                                                                        environment. Any required action
                                                                        described in the EPA's determination
                                                                        shall become effective immediately,
                                                                        unless the EPA provides otherwise.
 
                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 2018-19595 Filed 9-11-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


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