# Patent

## Title
Support structure for roof reinforcement

## Abstract

A support structure comprises a first portion for sliding attachment to a seat having a front, a back, and two sides, and a second portion connected to the first portion at a substantially right angle. The first portion has a hollow cross-sectional shape with an asymmetrical material distribution through the plane of the cross section, the material distribution placing more of the material comprising the first portion toward the sides of the vehicle seat. The support structure is adapted for attachment to the seat and is adapted to be activated to extend in a substantially vertical direction upwardly from the seat. The first portion has an arc shape along its length so that when the support structure is activated the second portion is supported by the first portion at a desirable angle for bracing against an impact force direction that is typical of vehicle rollover.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates to the field of reinforcing vehicles to lessen roof crush during rollover. More specifically, this invention relates to a reinforcement that can be deployed during a vehicle rollover to cooperate with the vehicle roof to lessen roof crush during the rollover.
2. Background
United States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 216 is a requirement designed to protect vehicle occupants in the event of a rollover accident. New standards require that, by 2009, roof deformation be limited to five inches (127 mm) of crush. Under the new standard, a vehicle's roof structure will have to support 2.5 times the vehicle weight or 5,000 pounds, whichever is less (up from the previous requirement of 1.5 times the vehicle weight).
Presently, most non-convertible automobiles have pillared hardtops. A pillared hardtop typically includes a framework of A-pillars, B-pillars, C-pillars, and interconnecting roof rails and headers. This framework protects vehicle occupants should a rollover condition occur, by limiting roof crush. The A-pillars are typically located on the sides of the vehicle's front windshield. The C-pillars are typically located on the sides of the vehicle's rear window. The B-pillars are typically located about midway between the A-pillars and the C-pillars. The roof rails and headers extend between the pillars longitudinally and transversely.
To strengthen roof structures to meet the new requirements, there are a number of alternatives that are commonly used. The most common practice to strengthen the roof structure is to increase the strength of the A-pillar, B-pillar, and C-pillar, as well as the roof rails and headers. Strengthening these elements is most commonly achieved by increasing their size and thickness, which can increase vehicle weight and production costs. Other ways to strengthen these elements include using stronger materials, which may be prohibitively expensive to obtain or use in existing production facilities, and adding additional support elements, which also increases vehicle weight and production costs.
It has been proposed, in convertible vehicles that do not have protective roof structures, to employ rollover bars that are enclosed within or otherwise attached to a vehicle's seat. The rollover bars are activated, upon sensing a rollover condition, to extend upward to protect the seat occupant during rollover. These rollover bars are disclosed to be desirable due to the lack of a protective roof structure in convertible vehicles, and are not adapted or designed to work in cooperation with a pillared hard top to reinforce the pillared hard top.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a support structure comprising a first portion for sliding attachment to a seat having a front, a back, and two sides, and a second portion connected to the first portion at a substantially right angle. The first portion has a hollow cross-sectional shape with an asymmetrical material distribution through the plane of the cross section, the material distribution placing more of the material comprising the first portion toward the sides of the vehicle seat. The support structure is adapted for attachment to the seat and is adapted to be activated to extend in a substantially vertical direction upwardly from the seat.
In another embodiment, the invention is directed to a support structure comprising a first portion for sliding attachment to a seat, and a second portion connected to the first portion at a substantially right angle. The first portion has an arc shape along its length so that when the support structure is activated the second portion is supported by the first portion at a desirable angle for bracing against an impact force direction that is typical of vehicle rollover. The support structure is adapted for attachment to the seat and is adapted to be activated to extend in a substantially vertical direction upwardly from the seat.
In yet another embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of making a support structure. The method comprises providing a first portion, attaching a second portion at a substantially right angle to the first portion, and attaching the first portion to a vehicle seat so that it can slide vertically relative to the seat. The first portion has an arc shape along its length so that when the support structure is activated the second portion is supported by the first portion at a desirable angle for bracing against an impact force direction that is typical of vehicle rollover.
Further features of the present invention, as well as the structure of various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate the present invention and together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the invention and to enable a person skilled in the pertinent art to make and use the invention. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art vehicle seat having a headrest.
FIG. 2 illustrates a vehicle seat including a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3A is a front view of a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3B is a side view of the reinforcement shown in FIG. 3A, taken along line 3A-3A.
FIGS. 4A-4C are alternate cross-sectional views of a portion of a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of an activation mechanism for a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention, being utilized in a vehicle during a rollover simulation test.
FIG. 7 illustrates exemplary forces acting on a reinforcement during a rollover simulation test.
FIG. 8A is a front view of an embodiment of a reinforcement of the present invention, with an overhanging top portion.
FIG. 8B is a side view of the reinforcement of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 8C is a perspective view of the reinforcement of FIG. 8A.
FIG. 9 illustrates exemplary forces acting on a reinforcement of the present invention during vehicle rollover, and also illustrates exemplary deformation of a vehicle floor and roof during rollover.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a roof reinforcement or support structure. An occupant safety device for an automotive vehicle lessens roof crush during vehicle rollover and comprises the roof reinforcement or support structure. The reinforcement is preferably deployed during a vehicle rollover to cooperate with the vehicle roof to limit roof crush.
FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art vehicle seat 10 including a seat back portion 20 and a headrest 30. It is known to mount headrests 30 on the seat back portion 20 via vertical supports 40. It is most common to employ two vertical supports 40 for each headrest 30, and to fashion the supports 40 so that the headrest 30 is vertically adjustable to a limited extent for occupant comfort. It is also known to reinforce vehicle seats in a number of ways to increase occupant safety in the event of side and rear impact collisions.
FIG. 2 illustrates a vehicle seat including an embodiment of a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention. Vehicle seat 100 is situated in a vehicle having a roof portion 200. The seat 100 includes a bottom portion 110 and a back portion 120. The seat 100 also preferably includes a headrest 130. Mounted within the seat 100 is a reinforcement 300 (see FIG. 3A) having at least one first vertical portion 310 and a second horizontal portion 320. The reinforcement is preferably mounted within the seat back 120 so that its at least one vertical portion 310 can slide substantially vertically within the seat back 120 as shown in FIG. 2.
As schematically illustrated in FIG. 2, a sensor 210 is connected to the reinforcement, preferably via an electrical line 220. The sensor 210 is capable of sensing a condition for which roof reinforcement is desirable. Upon sensing such a condition, the sensor 210 sends a signal to the reinforcement 300 via the electrical line 220 to suitably deploy the reinforcement so that it reinforces the vehicle roof.
As shown in FIG. 2, the seat's headrest 130 preferably covers the horizontal portion 320 of the reinforcement 300. During normal operation of the vehicle, the reinforcement 300 is mounted within the seat back portion 120 in a lowered position (not shown) such that the headrest 130 is properly positioned for occupant comfort and safety during normal driving conditions. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforcement 300 is mounted within the seat back portion 120 so that the headrest height is adjustable to a limited extent for the vehicle occupant. However, if the sensor 210 senses a condition for which roof reinforcement is desirable, the reinforcement 300 can be activated/deployed by an activation mechanism (discussed below) to extend upwardly within the seat back 120 so that it is properly positioned to reinforce the vehicle roof 200.
By way of example, a reinforcement 300 in accordance with the present invention may extend upwardly from four to six inches upon deployment. This distance varies by vehicle, and can depend on the distance between the top of the seat back portion 120 and the vehicle roof 200.
FIG. 3A is a front view of a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention. As shown, horizontal portion 320 extends between two vertical portions 310. Although the illustrated embodiment includes two vertical portions 310, the present invention contemplates one or more vertical portions. The horizontal portion 320 preferably extends across the top of the vertical portions 310, and spans the width of the vertical portions 310. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3A, a crossbar 360 extends between the vertical portions 310 to increase the structural stability of the reinforcement 300.
The vertical portions 310 preferably are slidably seated in hollow pillars 330 so that they can slide vertically within the pillars 330 a predetermined amount. The pillars 330 are preferably fixedly mounted to the vehicle seat 100. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an activation mechanism 340 is housed within the pillars 330 and is in direct or indirect contact with the vertical portions 310. The activation mechanism 340 is activated to drive the vertical portions 310 to an extended position substantially upward relative to the seat 100. Although the activation mechanism 340 shown in FIG. 3A is a coil spring, any known, suitable activation mechanism can be employed, including other spring systems and pyrotechnic devices (not shown).
Although FIG. 3A discloses an activation mechanism 340 for each of the two vertical portions 310 of the reinforcement 300, the present invention also contemplates a single activation mechanism for the reinforcement 300, even if there is more than one vertical portion, or other suitable combinations of numbers of activation mechanisms and vertical portions.
FIG. 3B illustrates a side view of the reinforcement shown in FIG. 3A, taken along line 3B-3B. In this embodiment, the activation mechanism 340 is shown to be in direct contact with a bottom surface 350 of the vertical portion 310 that it activates.
The reinforcement 300 preferably comprises a retaining mechanism that retains the support structure in its extended/deployed position. The retaining mechanism is shown to include a cutout portion 370 of the pillar 300, into which, for example, a spring-loaded or otherwise biased protrusion (not shown) passes through the cutout portion 370.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a cushion is provided to protect the occupant's head when the headrest 130 has been extended to an activated position. The cushion may include, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a portion 140 of the seat 100 that extends from the seat back 120 to protect the occupant's head. Additionally or alternatively, the present invention contemplates a soft coating for the vertical portions 310 to protect the occupant's head, or an air bag that can be deployed with the reinforcement 300 to replace the headrest 130 upon deployment.
FIGS. 4A through 4C illustrate contemplated cross sections of the at least one vertical portion 310 of the reinforcement 300. While three possible shapes are illustrated, the present invention contemplates a variety of suitable shapes and sizes for the vertical portion's cross section. FIG. 4A illustrates a modified C-shaped cross section having an outer wall 410, two side walls 420 and two additional walls 430 that increase the structural strength of the vertical portion. In one exemplary embodiment, the cross-sectional dimensions of the vertical portion are 15 mm×50 mm, with the walls having a thickness of about 2 mm.
FIG. 4B illustrates another exemplary embodiment of a cross section of the vertical portions. This C-shaped cross section includes the outer wall 410 and side walls 420 of the modified C-shaped cross section, but does not include the additional walls 430. In use, the outer wall 410 is preferably located at an outermost side location S (see FIG. 3A) of the reinforcement 300. This illustrated asymmetrical material distribution through the plane of the cross section (i.e., the plane of the paper), wherein more material (e.g., the outer wall 410) is placed toward the outermost sides S of the vehicle seat, increases the structural strength of the reinforcement for the forces characteristic of vehicle rollover. FIG. 4C illustrates an exemplary I-shape cross section. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, “asymmetrical material distribution,” as referred to above with respect to the exemplary cross sections illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B, means that the material comprising each of the vertical portions is not symmetrical about a plane that bisects the cross section of that vertical portion. In the illustrated cross sections of 4A and 4B, the bisecting plane runs from a top to a bottom of FIGS. 4A and 4B, with the material to the left side of the bisecting plane (i.e., the outer wall 410 and a portion of the side walls 420) being the material which would be located at an outermost side location S (see FIG. 3A) of the reinforcement 300. In an exemplary embodiment of a support structure in accordance with the present teachings comprising two vertical portions having C-shape or modified C-shape cross sections and an asymmetrical distribution placing more material toward the outermost side locations S, the open ends of the C-shape or modified C-shape cross sections would therefore be facing toward a center of the seat, or toward each other.
In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcement 300 comprises ultra high strength steel (UHSS). In a particularly preferred embodiment, the reinforcement 300 comprises boron.
The present invention contemplates different components of the reinforcement 300 being made from different suitable materials. The materials should be suitably light and strong, and also should be economically feasible to use.
FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of an activation mechanism for a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention. Sensor 210 is capable of sensing a crash condition for which vehicle roof reinforcement is desirable, such as a vehicle rollover. Sensor 210 is preferably connected to the activation mechanism 340 for the reinforcement 300 via an electrical line 220. As shown in FIG. 5, when the activation mechanism 340 is a pre-loaded spring or other preloaded spring system, a pre-tension device 500 may be provided between the sensor 210 and the activation mechanism 340. The pre-tensioner 500 pulls a cable 510 that slides a plate 520 extending into the pillar 330 to release the spring to activate the vertical portion 310 residing in the pillar.
Upon sensing a crash condition for which vehicle roof reinforcement is desirable, the sensor 210 sends a signal to the reinforcement 300 via the electrical line 220 to activate the activation mechanism 340 and suitably deploy the reinforcement 300 so that it reinforces the vehicle roof 200. As stated above, although the activation mechanism 340 is depicted as a coil spring, any known, suitable activation mechanism can be employed, including other spring systems and pyrotechnic devices.
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a reinforcement in accordance with the present invention, being utilized in a vehicle during a rollover simulation test. The reinforcement 300 is shown extending from a seat 100 of a vehicle. The embodiment of the reinforcement 300 illustrated in FIG. 6 includes two crossbars 360a and 360b. In the embodiment of the reinforcement shown, when employed during a rollover condition or simulated rollover condition, crossbar 360a is in compression and crossbar 360b is in tension.
The simulated rollover condition is created when a simulator plate 700 impacts the vehicle with a given force. The force can be, for example, based on the calculated forces exerted during a rollover, or based on a set weight such as a multiple of the vehicle's weight. As stated above, FMVSS 216 requires that, by 2009, a vehicle's roof structure will have to support 2.5 times the vehicle weight or 5,000 pounds, whichever is less. The simulator plate 700 commonly impacts the vehicle at the junction of the sides 610 and roof 200 of the vehicle, in the area of both the A pillar (not shown) and the roof rail 620 of the vehicle.
As can be seen in FIG. 6, the activated reinforcement 300 extends toward the roof of the vehicle and may stop just short of the roof or upon contacting the roof. Extension is stopped when the protrusion of the retaining mechanism passes through the cutout portion 370 and retains the reinforcement in its extended portion as discussed above. Upon actual or simulated rollover impact, roof crush is limited when the roof contacts the reinforcement 300 because the reinforcement provides support that limits further crush.
The reinforcement 300 is preferably mounted to the vehicle seat 100. Although vehicle seats are commonly reinforced to a limited extent in a number of ways to increase occupant safety in the event of side or rear impact collisions, the seat 100 supporting the reinforcement 300 may include additional framing to allow the seat 100 to provide a suitable support for the reinforcement 300. The seat 100 is commonly mounted to the vehicle floor 600. The present invention contemplates reinforcing the vehicle floor 600 so that it provides a suitable support for the seat 100 and the reinforcement 300.
With respect to the forces commonly generated during vehicle rollover, components of the vehicle that provide occupant protection during a rollover condition, such as the A-pillars, B-pillars, C-pillars, rails, and headers, are subject to bending forces during rollover due to their position relative to the forces generated during rollover. The bending forces that are generated during vehicle rollover cause deformation of these components, making them much less effective than a component positioned so that rollover forces act upon it axially. Similarly, forces applied to the vertical portions 310 of the reinforcement 300 during a vehicle rollover have both an axial component and a bending component. As a general principal, bending forces cause greater deformation of the vertical portion than do axial forces, so that the reinforcement 300, like other structural supports, is more effective against applied axial forces.
FIG. 7 illustrates exemplary forces acting on a reinforcement 300 being utilized in a vehicle during a rollover simulation test. As can be seen, the simulator plate 700 presses on the vehicle, exerting a roof crush force F1 on the vehicle roof 200. The direction of the counter force F2 exerted by an activated reinforcement 300 can, in part, depend on the position of the seat back 120 and is exerted at an angle α to the direction of the roof crush force F1. Ideally, the reinforcement 300 would be positioned such that the counter force F2 exerted by an activated reinforcement 300 would be directly opposite to the roof crush force F1, as represented by force F3. Such a position for reinforcement 300 would cause the rollover forces F1 to act upon the vertical portions 310 of the reinforcement 300 axially, beneficially minimizing or eliminating bending forces applied to the vertical portions 310.
In addition to positioning the reinforcement 300 as a whole such that the counter force F2 exerted by an activated reinforcement 300 would be directly opposite to the roof crush force F1, the present invention contemplates the vertical portions 310 being curved (see FIGS. 3B and 8B) to minimize the angle α between the counter force F2 exerted by an activated reinforcement 300 and the ideal direction F3 for the counter force.
FIGS. 8A through 8C illustrate an embodiment of a reinforcement of the present invention. In the embodiment of FIGS. 8A through 8C, the reinforcement 300 has an overhanging top portion 320a. The overhanging top portion 320a is similar to the horizontal portion 320 of the previously-described embodiments of the reinforcement 300. However, in addition to extending between vertical portions 310, the overhanging top potion 320a also extend past the vertical portions 310 on at least one side of the reinforcement 300.
The overhanging top portion 320a preferably has a length and a direction of overhang that, upon actuation of the reinforcement, provides early roof engagement in the event of roof crush. This is because, based on the most common characteristics of roof crush, the overhanging top portion 320a extends into the crush zone and thus makes earlier contact with the roof during roof crush. This can be seen in the schematic illustration of a vehicle rollover simulation test presented in FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 illustrates exemplary forces acting on a reinforcement 300 of the present invention during vehicle rollover, and also illustrates exemplary deformation of a vehicle floor 600 and roof 200 during rollover. The reinforcement 300 is mounted directly or indirectly to the vehicle floor 600, and is activated when the sensor 210 (see FIG. 2) senses a crash condition for which vehicle roof reinforcement is desirable. When activated, the reinforcement 300 extends to contact the vehicle roof 200 to reinforce the roof during rollover.
The reinforcement 300 also cooperates with the vehicle floor 600, via the seat 100, to provide an amount of floor deformation upon rollover to absorb collision energy while maintaining an area of occupant headroom as well as a safe passenger space between the roof 200 and the floor 600. In FIG. 9, occupant head room is generally illustrated at 810. The safe passenger space, which includes the space necessary to prevent major injuries to an occupant, is generally illustrated at 820.
Floor deformation can increase collision energy absorption during a rollover event, which is beneficial because it can lessen the duration of the rollover by absorbing some of the energy that must be dissipated during the rollover. In most vehicles, the seat is stronger than the floor because the seat is designed to protect the occupant from front and rear impacts, allowing the floor to deform while the seat maintains its integrity and maintains a safe passenger space 820.
The present invention contemplates the reinforcement 300 being provided at any number of positions within the vehicle. For example, the reinforcement 300 may be provided only for the driver of the vehicle, or may additionally be provided for the front passenger and even rear passengers. This method and device for reinforcing a vehicle roof can beneficially maintain a lower center of gravity in vehicles, and uses a minimal amount of material to provide a desired amount of reinforcement.

## Claims

1. A support structure, comprising:
generally vertical portions for sliding attachment to a seat having a front, a back, an outer side, and inner side, and a center between the two sides, the generally vertical portions comprising a material; and
a second portion connected to at least one of the generally vertical portions at a substantially right angle,
wherein each of the generally vertical portions has a cross-sectional shape defined by a cross section of the vertical portion that is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the vertical portion, the cross-sectional shape having an asymmetrical material distribution about a centerline extending through the plane of the cross section of the vertical portion, the asymmetrical material distribution placing more of the material comprising the generally vertical portion toward a respective side of the seat and less of the material comprising the generally vertical portions toward the center of the seat.

2. The support structure of claim 1, wherein each of the generally vertical portions has a cross-sectional shape chosen from one of a C-shape and a modified C-shape.

3. The support structure of claim 1, wherein each of the generally vertical portions has an arc shape along its length.

4. The support structure of claim 1, further comprising a first crossbar extending between the generally vertical portions.

5. The support structure of claim 4, further comprising a second crossbar extending between the generally vertical portions.

6. The support structure of claim 1, comprising ultra high strength steel.

7. The support structure of claim 1, comprising boron.

8. A support structure, comprising:
generally vertical portions for sliding attachment to a seat having a front, a back, an outer side, an inner side , and a center between the two sides, the generally vertical portions comprising a material and each vertical portion being generally adjacent to a respective side of the seat; and
a second portion connected to at least one of the generally vertical portions at a substantially right angle,
wherein each of the generally vertical portions has an arc shape along its longitudinal axis and a cross-sectional shape defined by a cross section of the vertical portion that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vertical portion, the cross-sectional shape having an asymmetrical material distribution about a centerline extending through the plane of the cross section of the generally vertical portion, the asymmetrical material distribution placing more of the material comprising each of the generally vertical portions toward a respective side of the seat and less of the material comprising each of the generally vertical portions toward the center of the seat.

9. The support structure of claim 8, wherein each of the generally vertical portions has a cross-sectional shape defined by a cross section of the vertical portion with an asymmetrical material distribution through a plane of the cross section.

10. The support structure of claim 8, wherein each of the generally vertical portions has a cross-sectional shape including a C-shape or a modified C-shape.

11. The support structure of claim 8, further comprising a first crossbar extending between the generally vertical portions.

12. The support structure of claim 11, further comprising a second crossbar extending between the generally vertical portions.

13. The support structure of claim 8, comprising ultra high strength steel.

14. The support structure of claim 8, comprising boron.

15. A support structure for vehicle roof reinforcement, comprising:
two generally vertical portions, each of the generally vertical portions having a longitudinal axis and a cross sectional shape defined by a cross section of the generally vertical portion that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the generally vertical portion, the cross sectional shape of the generally vertical portion comprising one of a C-shape, a modified C-shape, and an I-shape; and
a generally horizontal portion connected to at least one of the generally vertical portions,
wherein each of the generally vertical portions comprises a material and, when the support structure is attached to a vehicle seat having a front, a back, an inner side, an outer side, and a center between the inner side and the outer side, more of the material comprising each of the generally vertical portions is distributed about a centerline of the cross section of the generally vertical portion toward a respective side of the vehicle seat, and less of the material comprising each of the generally vertical portions is distributed about the centerline toward the center of the seat.

16. The support structure of claim 15, further comprising a first crossbar extending between the generally vertical portions.

17. The support structure of claim 16, further comprising a second crossbar extending between the generally vertical portions.

18. The support structure of claim 15, comprising ultra high strength steel.

19. The support structure of claim 15, comprising boron.