P. 1



# OAR Box 1852 Prepped by Keeia Richards



## Document

Number: 

# 11 ) ll-A-1 1 Docket Number: 

# A-86-0 3

Printed 11/19/2008 2:38:53 PM Sheet 11 of 101P. 2



# J B E 1 WK AU G - 9 198

9 EP A AI R DOCKE T TH E MOTO

RFUEL CONSUMPTIO

NMODE L THIRTEENTH PERIODICA L REPOR T

Prepare d for : MARTI NMARIETT

AENERG Y SYSTEMS , INC , 24 1 Wes t Tyron e Roa d Oa k Ridge , T

N3783 0 Contrac t No . 11X-57970- V Tas k No . 3

Prepare d by : ENERG Y AND ENVIRONMENTA

L ANALYSIS , INC . 165 5 Nort h For t Mye r Driv e Arlington , V

A2220 9

May26 , 198 7

# 1

TABL E O F CONTENT S

Pag e INTRODUCTIO

N1- 1

SUMMARY 2- 1

MOTO R FUE L DEMAN

D 3- 1 3. 1 Trend s i n Moto r Fue l Deman d 3- 1 3. 2 Compariso n wit h the Twelft h Periodica l Repor t 3- 5 3. 3 Moto r Fue l Consumptio n Mode l Input s 3- 9

US E O F TH E MODE L 4- 1 4. 1 Fue l Consumptio n Impact s o f Revise d Projection s o f the Passenge r Ca r an d Ligh t Dut yTruc k Fue l Econom yCapabilitie s o f U.S . Manufacturer s 4- 1 4. 2 Analysi s o f the Projecte d Impac t o f Lowe r Oi l Price s o n U.S . Energ yConservatio n 4- 2 REFERENCE S R- l APPENDI X AA- 1 APPENDI X B B- l

### LIS T O F TABLE S

Pag e

2- 1 MF C Mode l SummaryDat a fo r HighwayVehicle s Apri l 198 6 Outpu t 2- 2 2- 2 SummaryCompariso n o f the Curren t MF C Mode l Outpu t Versu s th e Twelft h Periodica l Repor t 2- 6 3- 1 Tota l Moto r Fue l Consumptio n 3- 2 3- 2 Fue l Consumptio n b yVehicl e Typ e 3- 4 3- 3 Passenge r Ca r an d Ligh t Truc k Fue l Consumptio n byFue l Typ e 3- 6 3- 4 Heavy-Dut yTruc k Fue l Consumptio n b yFue l Typ e 3- 7 3- 5 Ne wVehicl e EPAMP G 3-1 1 3- 6 Ne wVehicl e Registration s 3-1 4 3- 7 Distributio n o f Ne wTruc k Registration s Weigh t Category3-1 6 3- 8 Ne wVehicl e Diese l Penetratio n 3-1 9 3- 9 Revise d Estimate s o f Fue l Econom yShortfal l 3-2 1 3-1 0 Fue l Switching Rate s byMode l Yea r an d Vintag e 3-2 5 3-1 1 Passenge r Ca r AMPD/Odomete r Facto r fo r In-Us e Fue l Econom

y3-2 7 3-1 2 Off-HighwayGasolin e Us e 3-2 9 3-1 3 Ethano l an

d Methano l Share s o f Unleade d Gasolin e 3-3 1 3-1 4 Ethano l an

d Methano l Share s o f Leade d Gasolin e 3-3 2 4- 1 Incrementa l Fue l Consumptio n Impact s o f Change s i n Projecte d Corporat e Averag e Fue l Econom y4- 3 4- 2 Component s o f Transportatio n Energ yConservatio n fromFroze n EU I Baselin e 4- 5P. 5



### LIS T O F FIGURE S

2- 1 Moto r Fue l Consumptio nb y Fue l Typ e ^ 2- 2 Moto r Fue l Consumptio nb y Vehicl e Typ e ^ 3- 1 Overvie w

o f Moto r Fue l Consumptio nMode l ^ 3-1 0P. 6

INTRODUCTIO N

Thi s documen t i s the thirteent ho f a serie s o f periodi c report s o nthe Moto r Fue l Consumptio n(MFC ) mode l develope dfo r th e Departmen t o f Energy (DOE) , Offic e o f Polic y Integration , Offic e o f Policy , Plannin g and Analysis . (1-14 ) Th e MF C mode l i s use dby DOE t o evaluate th e impac t o f conservatio npolicie s o nfue l consumptio nando nthe disaggregat e compo nent s o f fue l demand . Thes e component s includ e passenge r cars , light-dut y

trucks , andheavy-dut y vehicles . Th e mode l i s no t a forecastin g too l i ntha t i t doe s no t provid e detaile deconometrically base dprojection s o f fue l demand . Th e mode l is , however , calibrate dt o curren t statistic s o nfue l consumption , flee t size , andtrave l growth , andt o econometri c forecast s o f ne w vehicl e sale s provide db y DOE .
Durin g the pas t yea r anda hal f (Octobe r 198 5 - Apri l 1987) , th e MF C mode l ha s bee nuse dt o evaluat e the consumptio nimpact s o f revise d projection s o f ligh t dut y truc k Corporat e Averag e Fue l Econom y (CAFE) . I naddition , the mode l ha s bee nuse dt o suppor t analyse s of : 1 ) th e potentia l marke t fo r nea t methano l fuels ; and2 ) the fue l consumptio n impact s o f reduction s i nvehicle stoc k turnover .

Th e purpos e o f thi s repor t i s t o provid e the reade r wit hthe mos t curren t outpu t o f the Moto r Fue l Consumptio nMode l andt o discus s revision s i n the mode l structure , inpu t dat a andassumption s whic hhave occurre di n th e pas t year .



### 1- 1P. 7

.SUMMAR Y

Sinc e 198 2 tota l gasolin e usag e ha s move dslowl y upwar dfro

m 6. 5 MMB/D * t o 7. 0 MMB/ D i n1986 . Fo r the balanc e o f the 1980' s andearl y 1990's , gasolin e deman di s projecte d t o remai nfla t o r drif t onl y slightl y downward s t o 6.9 4 MMB/ D i n1993/1994 . I nthe lat e 1990's , gasolin e usage wil l resume a nupwar dtrend- - reachin g 7. 3 MMB/ D b y 2000 . Th e in troductio nandexpande dus e o f cost-effectiv e fue l efficien t technologie s i nne w car s andligh t truck s wil l continu e t o occu r eve nunde r th e assume dscenari o o f lo w fue l pric e trajectors . I nfact , ne w domesti c ca r EPA fue l econom

y wil l reac h29. 0 mp g by 199 0 and31. 5 mp g b y 199 5 --a n 1 1 percen t and2 1 percen t increase , respectively , ove r th e 198 5 level s (se e Tabl e 2-1) . However , thi s fue l econom y growt hwil l b e overwhelme d by th e effec t o nfue l us e o f passenge r ca r vehicl e mile s travele d(VMT ) whic hi s assume dt o grow 2 8 percen t betwee n198 5 and1995 . Withi nthe tota l gasolin e component , the volume o f unleade dfue l wil l continu e t o expan da s a resul t o f the growt ho f catalyst-equippe dvehicle s i nthe flee t andthe phaseou t o f leade dgasoline . Wit hthe adven t o f lea dphasedow nthe us e o f alcoho l fue l wil l increas e a s refiner s explor e alternative s fo r boostin g moto r fue l octanes . Th e tota l ethano l andmethano l currentl y use di nhighwa y

fuel s i s relativel y marginal--o nthe orde r o f 0. 6 billio ngallon s i n1985 . B y 1995 , however , alcoho l fuel s coul ddisplac e u pt o 3. 8 billio ngallon s o r 3. 4 percen t o f tota l gasolin e consumption .

MMB/D : million s o f barrel s pe r day .



### 2- 1•"T O •

• ^ ^ 

### TABL E 2- 1 MF C MODE L SUMMAR

YDAT A FO R HIGHWA

YVECHICLE S APRI L 198 7 OUTPUT *

Tota l Highwa

y Fue l (xlO 9 

### gal ) Heavy-Dut y

Vehicle s Light-Dut y

Vehicle s Automobile s Ligh t Truck s Diese l Percen t o f Tota l Highwa y Fue l Ne w Vehicl e EP

A MP G Al l automobile s Domesti c Imported Ligh t Truck s (0-8,50 0 lbs GVW ) Ne w Vehicl e Diese l Penetration(Percent ) Al l automobile s Domesti c Imported Ligh t Truck s (0-8,50 0 lbs GVW ) EP A Versu s On-Roa

dMPGShortfal l (Percent ) Domesti c car s Impor t car s Ligh t Truck s (0-8,50 0 lbs GVW ) Impor t Shar e o f Ne

w Ca r Sale s (Percent ) Pric e o f Gasoline (1986+/gal ) 198 3 116. 0 23. 9 92. 0 73. 2 18. 9 

### 1 13. 8 \^CrO< 

### 25. 6 24. 2 30. 5 20. 7

1. 9 1. 4 3. 4 7. 4

13. 2 15. 7 13. 7 26. 1 128. 0

Figure s ma

y no t ad dt o total s due to rounding . ic A 198 5 119. 0 24. 8 94. 3 73. 7 20. 6 14. 7 

# nM 27. 2 26. 1 30. 8 20. 7

0. 8 0. 4 2. 2 1. 5

13. 4 15. 3 14. 5 25. 7 118. 0 ,.l^' '

199 Q 124. 3 25. 7 98. 6 74. 3 24. 3 15. 1 

# i*m 29. 9 29. 0 32. 0 22. 4

0. 5 0. 3 1. 0 2. 3

14. 5 15. 9 15. 6 32. 4 80. 9 \{0tj^



### 199 5 126. 4 26. 6 99. 8 73. 0 26. 7 15. 6 

### iWir 32. 0 31. 5 33. 0 24. 0

0. 8 0. 6 1. 2 2. 3

15. 9 16. 4 15. 8 31. 9 108. 4 

### 2Q0 Q

134. 4 28. 9 105. 5 75. 3 30. . 2 16. 4 •Z-L.04- 

### 32. 0 31. 5 33. 0 24. 0

1. 1 0. 9 1. 5 2. 3

15. 6 16. 4 15. 9 33. 6 127. 2 tP. 9

Despit e the declinin g fortune s o f the light-dut y ca r andlight-dut y truc k diese l engine , tota l highwa y diese l fue l deman dvil l continu e t o grow throug hthe remainde r o f the centur y du e t o increase ddiese l penetratio n o f heavy

dut y vehicles . Tota l highwa y diese l fue l us e wil l grow abou t 1. 5 percent/yea r fro m 1. 1 MMB/ D i n198 5 t o 1. 4 MMB/ D i n2000 .

Muc ho f th e growt hi ntota l moto r fue l consumptio nca nb e attribute dt o light-dut y

truck s andheavy-dut y vehicles . A s illustrate di nFigur e 2-2 , passenge r ca r fue l us e wil l remai nrelativel y stabl e a t 4. 8 MMB/ D ove r the 1986-198 5 tim e perio dwhile ligh t truc k fue l consumptio nwil l increas e almos t 3 0 percen t (fro m 1. 3 MMB/ D t o 1. 7 MMB/D ) ove r the same tim e frame . Similarly , heavy truc k fue l deman dwil l ris e 7 percen t fro m 1. 6 MMB/ D i n198 5 t o 1. 7 MMB/ D i n1995 . The fue l deman dprojection s show ni nFigure s 2- 1 and2- 2 ar e derive d usin g the Moto r Fue l Consumptio n(MFC ) mode l develope dfo r th e U.S . Departmen t o f Energy (DOE) . Th e inpu t dat a fo r the MF C mode l ar e revise d periodicall y

t o incorporate : 1 ) the mos t curren t historica l statistic s available , and2 ) update dprojection s o f the factor s influencin g highwa y fue l demand . A s show ni nTabl e 2-2 , change s i nthes e factor s ca nhave a significan t influenc e o nthe leve l andcompositio no f futur e moto r fue l demand . Fo r example , tota l highwa y fue l demandi n199 0 increase d1 2 percen t betwee nthe dat e o f issuanc e o f the Twelft hPeriodica l Repor t (Novembe r 1985 ) andthe curren t outpu t o f the model .

Th e curren t outpu t incorporate s severa l modification s t o the inpu t dat a fo r th e MF C mode l whic hhav e bee nmad e sinc e publicatio no f the Twelft h Periodica l Report . Majo r change s include : 1 ) reductio no f projecte dne w vehicl e fue l econom y t o accoun t fo r delay s i nne w mode l introductions , revise destimate s o f fue l econom y technology

benefits , an dshift s i n vehicl e siz e clas s mix ; 2 ) update dprojection s o f ne w vehicl e sale s and th e mi xo f truck s b y weigh t category ; 3 ) calibratio no f th e mode l t o



### 2- 3P.1 0



### FIGUR E 2- 1 

# Moto rFue l Consumptio n B y Fue l Typ e

MILLIO N BARREL S PE R DAY 

# ao



# a o - ^ ^

7J0 -


### & D -



# a o -

4. 0 - 

## —

# Alcoho l -T-TTTTIIIliiiiHlHHri ,



# Unleade d

198 3 198 8 

# 199 3 199 8

# 

### OFF-HIGHWA YDIESE L NO TINCLUDE D

2- 4P.1 1



## FIGUR E 2- 2 

# Moto rFue l Consumptio n B y Vehicl e Typ e

MILLIO N BARREL S PE R DA Y 9J 0



# a o -

7J0 - 

# OffHighwa y

HeavyDutyTruck s

198 3 198 8 199 3 199 8

2- 5

### TABL E 2- 2 SUMMAR YCOMPARISO

N O F TH E CURRENT MF C MODE L OUTPUT VERSU S TH E TWELFT H PERIODICA L REPOR T



### r o Tota l Highwa y Fue l (xlO 9 

### gal ) Heavy-Duty

Vehicle s Light-Duty

Vehicle s Automobile s Light truck s Diese l Percent o f Tota l Highwa y Fue l Ne w Vehicl e EP

A MP G Al l Vehicle s Domesti c Importe d Ligh t Truck s (0-8,50 0 lb s GVW ) Ne w Vehicl e Diese l Penetration(Percent ) Al l automobile s Domesti c Importe d Ligh t Truck s (0-8,50 0 lb s GVW ) EP A Versu s On-RoadMP GShortfal l (Percent ) Domesti c car s Impor t car s Light Truck s (0-8,50 0 lbs GVW ) Impor t Share o f Ne

w Car Sale s (Percent ) Pric e o f Gasoline (1986<fc/gal ) 16. 0 18. 7 Twelft h Periodica l Repor t # 1 199 0 111. 5 25. 4 86. 1 65. 9 20. 1 200 0

119. 2 28. 7 90. 5 67. 7 22. 8 Apri l

198 7 Outpu t 

## 122 Q 124. 3 25. 7 98. 6 74. 3 24. 3 # 2 200 0

134. 4 28. 9 105. 5 75. 3 30. 2 Percen t 

# *2- n 

# x 199 P +11. 5 +1. 2 +14. 5 +12. 7 +20. 9 Chang e

10 0 200 0 +12. 8 +0. 7 +16. 6 +11. 2 +32. 5 15. 1 16. 4 -5. 6 -12. 3

31. 8 30. 5 34. 8 24. 6

1. 9 1. 3 3. 0 2. 3

15. 1 17. 0 16. 3 34. 2 129. 0 34. 8

33. 6 36. 9 27. 2

2. 5 1. 5 4. 0 3. 7

16. 7 17. 6 17. 3 39. 3 168. 0 29. 9

29. 0 32. 0 22. 4

0. 5 0. 3 1. 0 2. 3

14. 5 15. 9 15. 3 32. 1 80. 9 32. 0

31. 5 33. 0 24. 0

1. 1 0. 9 1. 5 2. 3

15. 6 16. 4 15. 6 33. 6 127. 2 -6. 0

-4. 9 -8. 0 -8. 9

-73. 7 -76. 9 -66. 7 0. 0

-4. 0 -6. 5 -6. 1 -6. 1 -37. 3 -8. 0

-6. 3 -10. 6 -11. 8

-56. 0 -40. 0 -62. 5 -37. 8

-6. 6 -6. 8 -9. 8 -14. 5 -24. 3

### 1983-198 6 statistic s o ntota l gasolin

e demand , an

d 4 ) revise

d estimate s o f VMT/vehicl e b

y vintage . Th e change s discusse

dabov e (an d others ) are outline d a t lengthin Sectio n3 o f thi s report . Inaddition , Appendi xB present s detaile d dat a o nth e annua l fue l consumptio nof : 1 ) highwa

y leade d an d unleade

d gasolin e an ddiese l fue l b

y seve ncategorie s o f moto r vehicles , 2 ) leade d an dunleade

dgasolin

e use dinoff-highwa

y applications , an

d 3 ) alcoho l fue l use

dintransportation .



### 2- 7P.1 4

3 . MOTO RFUE L DEMAND

3. 1 TREND S I N

MOTO RFUE L DEMAND Tabl e 3- 1 present s moto r fue l demandby fue l typ e fo r highwa y andoff highwa y

applications. * Tota l gasolin e deman ddrop s slightl y fro m 107. 0 billio ngallon s (7. 0 MMB/D ) i n198 6 t o 106. 4 billio ngallon s (6. 9 MMB/D ) i n199 3 andthe nincrease s a t a naverag e annua l rat e o f 0. 8 percen t t o reac h112. 4 billio ngallon s (7. 3 MMB/D ) by the tur no f the century . Thi s relativel y

gradua l ris e i nfue l us e i s largel y attributabl e t o change s i n the relativ e rate s o f growt hi nthe averag e on-roa dfue l econom y versu s the trave l o f highwa y vehicles . Flee t averag e on-roa dfue l econom y increase s a t 2. 5 percen t pe r yea r fro m 198 6 throug h199 3 andthe ndrop s t o 1. 2 percen t throug hthe yea r 2000 . Tota l trave l als o rise s a t 2. 8 percen t annuall y

throug h199 3 an

dthe ndecrease s slightl y t o 2. 2 percen t pe r yea r bu t remain s wel l abov e the growt hi nflee t averag e fue l econom y ove r the balanc e o f thi s century . Wit hthe promulgatio no f the EPA lea dphasedow

nregulations , the suppl y o f leade dgasolin e i s rapidl y diminishin g a s many refiner s ar e movin g t o replac e thi s fue l wit ha ne w mid-grad e unleade dgasoline . Furthermore, the deman dfo r leade dgasolin e i s declinin g a s the non-catalyst-equippe d vehicle s ar e agin g andbein g retire dfro m the fleet . Nevertheless , give n the lon g live s o f som e non-catalys t vehicle s (truck s i nparticular) , and the continue dpractic e o f misfuelin g by owner s o f catalyst-equippe d vehicles , th e tota l "potential 1 ' demandfo r leade dfue l coul damoun t t o 16. 1 billio ngallon s (15. 1 percen t o f tota l gasolin e consumption ) i n

Thi s doe s no t includ e off-highwa y diese l fue l use di nrailroad , marine , agriculture , construction , etc . applications .



### 3- 1

### TABL E 3- 1 TOTA L MOTO RFUE L CONSUMPTIO

N (billion s o f gallons )

HPto r Cflsolln

e 

### Al<r9h9l *

Yea r 198 3 198 4 198 5

w 

### 198 6 198 8 199 0 199 5 200 0 Leade d 39.9 4 36.7 5 33.5 7 30.5 8 24.9 3 21.2 8 16.1 4 15.1 2 Unleaded

62.6 2 66.3 0 71.1 2 76.4 3 82.8 1 85.6 7 90.5 2 97.3 2 Tpta l

102.5 6 103.0 5 104.6 9 107.0 1 107.7 4 106.9 5 106.6 6 112.4 4 Percen t

Unleade d 61. 1 64. 3 67. 9 71. 4 76. 9 80. 1 85. 0 86. 9 Blen

d Ethano l 0.4 0 0.5 0 0.6 4 1.1 2 1.3 2 1.4 1 1.6 7 1.7 5 Blen

d Methano l 0.0 5 0.1 1 0.1 3 0.5 4 0.9 5 1.0 1 2.1 0 2.1 5 Nea t

Methano l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tota l

0.4 5 0.6 1 0.7 7 1.6 6 2.2 7 2.4 2 3.7 7 3.9 0 Percen t

Methano l 11. 1 18. 0 16. 9 32. 5 41. 8 41. 7 55. 6 55. 0 Diese l



## Fue l " 15.9 9 17.0 9 17.4 5 17.9 2 18.4 6 18.8 0 19.8 2 21.9 3

C ' * * / 

### 1A£)~S

{ A»Gj>l

Include s highwa y an d off-highwa y uses .

* * 

### Include s onl y highwa y uses .

* •P.1 6



### 1995 . At thi s point (1995) , 56. 4 percen t o f tota l leade d gasolin e consumptio n wil l b e attributabl e t o misfueling b yowner s o f catalys t - equippe d vehicles , 2 6 percen t wil l b e accounte d fo r b ynon-catalys t vehicle s designe d fo r leaded , an d the remainde r (17. 6 percent ) wil l b e consume d i n off-highwa yapplications . Wit h the phasin g ou t o f lead i n gasoline , alcoho l blend s ar e assuming a n increasing rol e i n highwayfue l consumption . Th e tota l volum e o f ethano l an d methano l use d i n gasolin e blend s wil l increas e fro mabou t 45 0 millio n gallon s i n 198 3 t o 3. 8 billio n gallon s b y1995 . I n th e shor t term , ethano l wil l continu e t o b e the dominan t typ e o f alcoho l use d i n gasolin e blends . However , i n th e lon g run , a s th e technolog yi s develope d t o improv e fue l syste

mmaterial s compatibilit yan d adequat e fue l distribu

tio n network s ar e constructed , the les s expensiv e methano l shoul d ris e t o ove r 5 0 percen t o f the transportatio n alcoho l marke t b y1995 . Give n th e curren t outloo k fo r relativel yfla t gasolin e price s throug h a t leas t the earl y1990's , diesel s ar e no t expecte d t o mak e significan t in

road s i n th e ne wpassenge r ca r an d ligh t truc k markets . However , the y ar e stil l cost-effectiv e i n high mileag e heav ytruc k applications . Drive n b

ya n increasing penetratio n o f th e heavy-truc k market , th e diese l shar e o f al l vehicle s i n operatio n wil l ris e slightl yfro m3. 2 percen t i n 198 6 t o 3. 4 percen t i n 1995 . A s a resul t o f increasing heav ytruc k activity , diese l fue l demand wil l ris e fro m17. 9 billio n gallon s (1. 2 MMB/D ) i n 198 6 t o 19. 8 billio n gallon s (1. 3 MMB/D ) i n 1995 .

A s show n i n Tabl e 3-2 , the passenge r ca r shar e o f tota l highwayfue l demand wil l dro p fro m61. 6 percen t (75. 6 billio n gallons ) i n 198 6 t o



### 3- 3

### TABL E 3- 2 FUE L CONSUMPTIO

N B YVEHICL E TYPE 1 

### * (billio ngallons )

Apri l 198 7 Outpu t

CJJ •P



### Yea r 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 8 199 0 199 5 200 0 Passenge r

Car s 73.1 6 72.6 9 73.7 0 75.6 0 75.7 0 74.2 9 73.0 3 75.3 0 Ligh t

Truck s 0-8,50 0 lbs GV W 18.8 7 19.6 4 20.5 7 21.9 1 23.4 5 24.3 2 26.7 4 30.2 2 Heavy Duty Vehicle s 23.9 3 24.6 7 24.7 6 25.2 1 25.4 5 25.7 0 26.6 2 28.9 0 Tota l

115.9 5 117.0 1 119.0 3 122.7 2 124.6 0 124.3 1 126.3 9 134.4 1 Passenge r

Car s 73.1 5 72.1 9 71.1 7 69.7 6 67.2 5 65.9 2 66.0 2 67.6 8 Light

Truck s 0-8,50 0 lbs GV W 18.1 8 18.5 3 18.8 6 19.1 5 19.6 3 20.1 4 21.3 3 22.8 3 Heavy Dut y Vehicle s 23.8 2 23.8 8 24.1 1 24.2 4 24.7 4 25.4 2 26.9 2 28.7 1 Tota l

115.1 5 114.6 0 114.1 4 113.1 5 111.6 2 111.4 9 114.2 7 119.2 2

Figure s ma

y no t ad dto total s du

e t o rounding .

### 57. 8 percen t (73. 0 billio n gallons ) b y1995 . Th e light-dut ytruc k shar e wil l ris e fro

m 17. 3 percen t (21. 4 billio n gallons ) t o 21. 2 percen t (26. 7 billio n gallons ) ove r the sam e tim e period . Th e heavy-dut yvehicl e componen t o f tota l highwa yfue l consumptio n als o wil l ris e from20. 5 per cen t i n 198 6 t o 21. 1 percen t (26. 6 billio n gallons ) b y1995 . Thes e divergen t trend s ar e primaril ydu e t o difference s betwee n car s and ligh t truck s an

d heavy-dut yvehicle s wit h respec t t o the relativ e growt h o f VM T an d flee t averag e fue l economy . Betwee n 198 6 an d 1995 , fo r example , tota l passenge r ca r VM T an d flee t mp g wil l gro wa t averag e annua l rate s o f 2. 1 percen t an

d 2. 4 percent , respectively , i n contras t t o a 4. 8 percen t annua l growt h i n LD T VM T an d 2. 5 percen t annua l increas e i n flee t on-roa d LD T fue l economy . Table s 3- 3 an

d 3- 4 presen t additiona l detai l o n trend s i n th e fue l mi x fo r car s an

d light-dut ytruck s an d fo r heavy-dut yvehicles . O f par ticula r interes t ar e the difference s i n the diese l fue l marke t share s fo r car s an d light-dut ytruck s an d fo r heavy-dut yvehicles . Fo r the latter , diese l fue l rise s fro m66. 8 percen t t o 72. 0 percen t o f tota l annua l fue l us e fo r the 1986-199 5 perio d du e t o continue d growt h i n diese l engin e marke t penetratio n o f light-heav yan d mid-rang e heavy-dut ytrucks . Fo r car s an d LDT , the diese l shar e actuall yfall s fro m1. 3 percen t t o 1. 0 percen t ove r the 1986-199 5 perio d becaus e o f the stagnating marke t fo r light-dut ydiese l engines . 3. 2 COMPARISO

NWIT H TH E TWELFT H PERIODICA L REPOR T Table s 3- 2 through 3- 4 als o compar e the curren t outpu t o f the mode l wit h the on e draw

n fro mthe Twelft h Periodica l Report . Anumbe r o f modifica

tion s hav e bee n made . Thes e change s ar e presente d i n summar yfor mi n thi s subsectio n an

d ar e mor e full ydetaile d i n Subsectio n 3.3 . W e have :



### 3- 5• r ^



### TABL E 3- 3 PASSENGERCA

RAN D LIGHT TRUC

KFUE L CONSUMPTIO

N BYFUEL TYPE 1 

### ' (billio ngallons ) Apri l 198 7 Outpu t * * 

### TwelfthPeriodica l Repor t * *



### Yea r 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 8 199 0 199 5 200 0 Diese l

1.1 9 1.2 5 1.2 4 1.2 3 1.1 6 1.0 5 0.9 2 1.0 1 Gasolin e Leaded 28.9 6 25.5 9 22.6 0 19.8 8 15.8 5 13.3 3 9.9 8 9.6 9 Unleaded

61.4 6 64.9 4 69.7 3 74.9 8 80.2 4 82.0 9 85.4 8 91.2 6 Tota l

91.6 1 91.7 7 93.5 7 96.0 9 97.2 4 96.4 7 96.3 8 101.9 7 Piese l

1.2 0 1.2 4 1.1 9 1.1 7 1.1 7 1.2 0 1.4 4 1.7 3 Leade

d 30.2 4 26.3 6 22.8 1 19.9 7 15.4 8 12.4 7 8.8 2 8.0 1 Gasolin

e 

## Unleade d 59.4 8 62.5 7 65.3 7 66.7 8 68.8 6 70.5 2 74.1 3 77.7 7 Tota l

90.9 2 90.1 7 89.3 7 87.9 2 85.5 1 84.1 9 84.3 9 87.5 1

Passenge r car s an

dlight-duty

truck s unde r 8,50 0 lbs GVW .

* * 

### Doe s no t includ

e alcoho l fuels .

### TABL E 3- 4 HEAVY-DUTYTRUCKFUE L CONSUMPTIO N BYFUE L TYPE ' (billio ngallons ) Apri l 198 7 Outpu t * * 

### Gasoline Yea r 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 8 199 0 199 5 200 0 Pfcese

l 14.8 0 15.8 4 16.2 0 16.6 9 17.3 0 17.7 5 18.9 0 20.9 2 Leaded

8.6 8 8.3 3 7.9 7 7.7 4 6.2 0 5.1 1 3.3 3 2.5 9 Unleade d

0.4 1 0.4 6 0.5 3 0.5 4 1.5 9 2.5 5 4.0 1 5.0 3 Tota l

23.8 9 24.6 3 24.7 0 24.9 7 25.0 9 25.4 1 26.2 4 28.5 4 -Diese

l 14.5 5 15.0 8 15.6 2 15.9 0 16.6 2 17.3 5 18.9 1 20.5 3 Twelft hPeriodica l Repor t * *



### Gasolin e Leade d 8.8 4 8.3 2 7.9 3 7.6 9 6.3 4 5.2 9 3.7 2 3.0 9 Unleaded

0.4 0 0.4 4 0.5 0 0.5 4 1.5 7 2.4 9 3.9 0 4.7 1 Tota l

23.7 9 23.8 4 24.0 5 24.1 3 24.5 3 25.1 3 26.5 3 28.3 3

Al l heavy-dut y

vehicle s ove r 8,50 0 lbs GVW .
* * 

### Doe s no t includ e alcoho l fuels .P.2 1



### • Update

dth e estimate s o f passenge r ca r an d truc k annua l VM T pe r vehicl e b

yvintag e

• Revise d the ne wvehicl e sale s forecas t base d o n recen t projection s obtaine d fro mDat a Resources , Inc . (DRI )

• Update d forecast s o f ne wvehicl e fue l econom yan d diese l penetratio n b

yvehicl e clas s base d o n ne winformatio n concerning manufacture r produc t plan s an d lowe r fue l pric e trajectorie s

• Calibrate d the 1983-198 6 outpu t o f the MF C mode l t o Monthl y Energ yRevie w(MER) , statistic s o n tota l gasolin e consumptio n

• Tie d shift s i n vehicl e scrappag e rate s i n th e MF C mode l t o fluctuation s i n ne wvehicl e sale s using a methodolog yprevi

ousl ydevelope d fo r DO E (15 )

• Update d estimate s o f th e futur e growt h i n annua l averag e mile s pe r vehicl e base d o n a n assessmen t o f recen t trend s A s note d above , a larg e numbe r o f change s hav e bee n mad e t o th e inpu t dat a file s an

d structur e o f th

e MF C model . Time an d spac e limitation s d o no t permi t a detaile d assessmen t o f the incrementa l fue l consumptio n impact s o f eac h o f the revision s liste d above . Th e ne t effec t o f al l o f th e change s wa s t o increas e tota l highwayfue l us e b y1 2 percen t i n 199 0 and 1 3 percen t i n 199 5 relativ e t o the Twelft h Periodica l Report . A majo r facto r contributing t o the increase d fue l consumptio n trajector y wa s the decisio n to : 1 ) calibrat e th e tota l gasolin e outpu t o f the mode l t o the ME R statistic s publishe d i n th e Monthl yEnerg

yRevie ws o tha t the mode l woul d n o longe r understat e the recen t (1983-1987 ) rising tren d i n gasolin e usage ; 2 ) ti e vehicl e scrappag e rate s t o fluctuation s i n ne w vehicl e sale s i n orde r t o bette r represen t the recen t significan t growt h rate s i n vehicle s i n operation ; an d 3 ) incorporat e lowere d projection s o f ne wvehicl e fue l economy . Diese l penetratio n o f ne wcar s an d truck s i n 199 5 ha s bee n reduce d fro m 5. 3 percen t i n th e Twelft h Periodica l Repor t t o 3. 5 percen t i n the curren t output . Thi s reduce s the diese l shar e o f tota l moto r vehicle s i n operatio n fro

m4. 6 percen t t o 3. 4 percen t an d (i n conjunctio n wit h the



### 3- 8

### change s i n tota l sale s an d tota l VM T mentione d above ) contribute s t o the 0. 5 billio n gallo n (2. 6 percent ) drop i n 199 5 highwaydiese l deman d i n the curren t mode l outpu t relative t o the Twelft h Periodica l Report . 3. 3 MOTO R FUE L CONSUMPTIO NMODE L INPUT S Figur e 3- 1 present s a brie f schemati c overvie wo f th e structur e o f the Moto r Fue l Consumptio n model . ( Amor e detaile d revie wo f the MF C mode l methodolog

yan d operatio n ca n b e foun d i n Appendi x A. ) Ke yfactor s whic h influenc e trend s i n moto r fue l deman d an d whic h ar e treate d explicitl y withi n the MF C mode l include :

• Ne wvehicl e EPAfue l econom y

• Ne wvehicl e registration s

• Vehicl e mile s o f trave l

• Shortfal l betwee n EPA-measure d an d on-roa d fue l econom y

• Th e surviva l rat e o f ne wvehicles , whic h reflect s thei r retiremen t ove r tim e

• Othe r factor s

Fue l switching

- AMPD/Odomete r effec t

- Off-highwa

ygasolin e consumptio n

- Nea t methano l an d alcoho l blend s Recen t modification s o f the mode l inpu t dat a o n eac h o f the abov e mentione d factor s ar e presente d i n the subsection s whic h follow . 3.3. 1 Ne

w Vehicl e Fue l Econom y Th e ne wvehicl e EPAfue l econom yvalue s currentl yuse d i n th e mode l ar e show n i n Tabl e 3-5 . Th e value s throug h 198 5 ar e base d o n dat a publishe d byEPAan

d o n th e fina l Corporat e Averag e Fue l Econom y(CAFE ) value s provide d fro

mthe U.S . Departmen t o f Transportatio n (DOT) . (16 , 17 ) Projection s o f passenge r ca r EPAfue l econom ythrough 199 5 ar e draw n fro m



### 3- 9P.2 3



### FIGUR E 3- 1 

# Overvie wO f Moto rFue l Consumptio n Mode l

START 

# QdjQC E r ^ 

# /~~ 7 ^

••• W Dat

a File s X f .....t , ( Fue l f/y*y*M\to7(

J"TM

1 "" 1 / / A 1 "* 1 "' ' / I Soildii m [ | Skortfal

l [ ( aedVH

TI [ Blen

d ( ^ Rate s ^^CoeHicie-iU^ y Cam \ \ Oat a V

( ( DIS C OAT A FIL E C ) TERMINU S «*^ ^ OECISIO N STE P | | PROCESSIN G BLOC K l^- J DOCUMEN T [ Growth •>••*•-" • \ Factor s V UserOtliiw d Scenari o SOUCS T

fiih ) Erro r ERRO R I



### 3 !

Calculate Bit e Yu rFlee t Parameter s INBAS £ i / C«llbntin-( /

Perlo m Calibratio n CALIB R

Calculat e an d Prin t Consumptio n Table s Looku p O N Hithm y Ga

s • OOTP U OFFGA S 

## r r

•YE S -jt r 

### • Cal c Fue l Use b

y Vehicl e Oejit n Fue l Catetw y : •

•19 • Prin t Fue l Us e b

y Vehicl e Oesi-j i Fue l Categor y OPTOU T

OFFPR T



### STO P

3-1 0

### TABL E 3- 5 NE W VEHICL E EP AMPG "

Vehicl e Category Domesti c Car s Importe d Car s Domesti c Ligh t Truck s 0-8 , 50 0 lb s GV

W Importe d Ligh

yTruck s 0-8 , 50 0 lb s GV

W Heavy-Dut yVehicle s greate r tha n 8,50 0 lb s 198 3 24. 2

30. 5

19. 6

27. 1 

### 7. 9 198 4

25. 3 (25.3 ) 31. 8 (30.4 ) 19. 0 (19.3 ) 27. 1 (26.8 ) 

### 7. 8 (7.8 ) 198 5

26. 1 (25.7 ) 30. 8 (30.7 ) 19. 7 (19.6 ) 26. 4 (26.5 ) 

### 8. 2 (8.2 ) 198 6

26. 5 (27.1 ) 31. 3 (31.5 ) 20. 0 (21.3 ) 25. 7 (27.3 ) 

### 8. 3 (8.5 ) 198 8

27. 8 (29.2 ) 33. 0 (33.2 ) 20. 9 (22.6 ) 25. 2 (28.3 ) 

### 8. 4 (8.3 ) 19? 0

29. 0 (30.5 ) 32. 0 (34.8 ) 21. 8 (23.7 ) 24. 8 (29.2 ) 

### 8. 8 (8.8 ) 199 5

31. 5 (33.6 ) 33. 0 (36.7 ) 23. 5 (26.3 ) 26. 1 (31.9 ) 

### 9. 6 (10.0 ) 200 0

31. 5 (33.6 ) 33. 0 (36.7 ) 23. 5 (26.3 ) 26. 1 (31.9 ) 

### 9. 8 (10.4 )

* * 

### Number s i n parenthese s represen t Twelft h Periodica l Repor t estimates . Fue l econom

yestimate s fo r truck s greate r tha n 8,50 0 lbs GV W ar e on-roa d values ,

### a detaile danalysi s o f automotiv e fue l econom ytechnologies , manufacture r tooling plana , technolog ycost-effectivenes s an d marke t penetratio n whic h i s bot h manufacture r an d size-clas s specific . (18 ) Thi s analysi s o f th e produc t plan s an

d fue l econom

ycapabilitie s o f U.S . domesti c manufac

turer s ha s sinc e bee n revise d i n severa l recen t studie s t o support : 1 ) DO E comment s o n petition s b ythe automobil e manufacturer s t o reduc e M Y 1986-M Y 198 8 CAFE ; 2 ) a DOE-sponsore d assessmen t o f th e likel yrespons e o f automobil e manufacturer s t o alternativ e futur e fue l pric e trajec

tories ; an

d 3 ) a n assessmen t b ythe Canadia n ministryo f Energy , Mines , an d Resource s o f the feasibilit yo f adopting siz e clas s specifi c fue l econom ystandard s fo r ne wcars . (19,43 ) Th e curren t forecas t i s base d o n the Lo wWorl d Oi l Pric e Projectio n recentl ypublishe d b ythe U.S . Energ

y Informatio n Administratio n (EIA) . (20 ) Th e EI Aprojectio n show s moto r gasolin e price s drifiting downwar d t o a lowo f 71«)/gallo n i n 198 6 an

d the n rising slowl yt o 81^/gallo n i n 199 0 befor e accelerating t o 127<t/gallo

n b y200 0 a s petroleu

msupplie s begi n t o tighten. *

A s show n i n Tabl e 3-5 , ne wdomesti c ca r EP Afue l econom

yha s bee n reduce d b y1. 5 mp g (t o 29. 0 mpg ) i n 1990 , an d b y2. 1 mp g (t o 31. 5 mpg ) i n 1995 . Thi s i s a resul t o f lowere d estimate s o f diese l penetratio n announce d change s i n manufacture r produc t introductio n dates , an d a deceleratio n i n the expecte d fue l pric e trajectory.* * Th e EP Afue l econom

yo f ne w importe d car s ha s bee n lowere d b y2. 8 mp g (t o 32. 0 mpg ) i n 1990 , an d b y 3. 7 mp g (t o 33. 0 mpg ) i n 1995 . Thes e revision s reflec t change s i n impor t ca r diese l penetration , manufacture r technolog yintroductio n plan s unde r

* * 

### Al l fue l price s ar e i n 198 6 $ . Ne wdomesti c ca r averag e mp g includes : 1 ) vehicle s produce d b y impor t manufacturer s fro massembl yplant s i n the U.S . (e.g. , Honda) ; 2 ) vehicle s produce d unde r recen t joint-ventur e agreement s mad e b y the U.S . an

d Japanes e manufacturer s (e.g. , GM-Toyota , Chrysler-Mitsubishi .

3-1 2P.2 6



### a lo w fue l pric e scenario , an d a continuatio n o f recen t trend s i n "upsizing " o f impor t ca r models .
Forecast s o f ligh t truc k EP Amp g ar e draw

n fro mdetaile d analysi s o f produc t plans , technolog yintroductio n an

d penetratio n b

ymarke t clas s an d manufacturer.(18 ) Th e stud yha s recentl ybee n updated.(21 ) Domesti c LD T fue l econom

ywil l increas e fro m20. 0 mp g i n 198 6 t o 21. 8 mp g i n 199 0 an d reac h 23. 5 mp g b

y1995 . Th e fue l econom yo f impor t LDT s (0-8,50 0 lb s GVW ) wil l drop fro

m25. 7 mp g i n 198 6 t o 24. 8 mp g i n 199 0 an d the n ris e t o 26. 1 mp g b

y1995 . Th e 1986-199 0 projecte d declin e i n th e averag e impor t LD T fue l econom

yi s associate d wit h manufacture r plan s t o increas e th e numbe r o f va n mode l offering s an d the expande d us e o f V- 6 engine s during thi s tim

e period . Estimate s o f the EPA-measure d fue l econom yadvantag e o f ne wdiesel

fuele d car s an

d ligh t truck s vis-a-vi s gasolin e car s an d LDT s wer e provide d b

yEPA . Thes e estimate s showtha t the diese l t o gasolin e fue l econom yadvantag e fo r ne wcar s ha s decline d fro m1.7 3 fo r pre-197 6 mode l year s t o 1.2 0 fo r post-198 3 mode l years . Fo r light-dut ytrucks , the advantag e drop s fro m1.4 2 fo r pre-M

Y 197 9 t o 1.3 0 fo r post-MY 1983 . (22 )

Th e fue l econom

yprojection s fo r heavy-dut yvehicle s (al l vehicle s ove r 8,50 0 lb s GVW ) ar e base d o n wor k performe d fo r the Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer s Association . (23 ) Heavy-dut ytruc k fue l econom ywil l gro w fro m8. 2 mp g i n 198 5 t o 9. 6 mp g b y199 5 a s a resul t o f continue d improve

ment s i n diese l engin e technolog yincreas e iese l marke t penetratio n an d shift s i n sale s b

yweigh t class . Thes e estimate s als o accoun t fo r the effec t o f th e EP

AN0 X

### exhaus t emissio n regulation s fo r 198 7 an d late r heavy-dut ytruck s whic h ar e expecte d t o reduc e fue l econom yb ya n averag e o f abou t 5 percent .

3-1 3•

4 > 

### Vehicl e Categor y Domesti c Car s Importe d Car s Domesti c Ligh t Truck s 0-8,50 0 lbs GV

W Importe dLight Truck s 0-8,50 0 lbs GV

W Heavy-Duty

Vehicle s greate r tha

n8,50 0 lbs GV W

Number s inparenthese s 198 3 6.5 9

2.3 3

1.8 8

0.4 3

0.6 0 NE

W

198 4 7.7 9

2.3 3

2.5 8

0.7 4

0.7 2 TABL E :

J- 6 VEHICL E REGISTRATION S (10 6 

### units )

198 5 8.2 0 (7.92 ) 2.8 4 (2.49 ) 3.1 2 (2.71 ) 0.8 5 (0.90 ) 0.8 7 (0.90 ) 198 6

8.2 2 (7.30 ) 3.2 4 (3.30 ) 3.1 1 (2.77 ) 1.0 7 (0.87 ) 0.7 3 (0.89 ) *



### 198 8

7.5 0 (7.10 ) 3.5 0 (3.80 ) 3.1 4 (3.06 ) 0.9 0 (0.74 ) 0.7 6 (0.92 ) 199 0

7.1 0 (7.70 ) 3.4 0 (4.00 ) 3.1 7 (3.22 ) 0.8 6 (0.74 ) 0.7 9 (0.91 )

represent Twelft hPeriodica l Repor t estimates . 199 5 7.9 0 (7.80 ) 3.8 0 (4.60 ) 3.7 6 (3.49 ) 1.0 2 (0.79 ) 0.8 9 (1.00 ) •



### 200 Q 8.1 0 (7.40 ) 4.1 0 (4.80 ) 4.2 8 (3.58 ) 1.1 6 (0.89 ) 1.0 2 (1.04 )P.2 8



### 3.3. 2 Na

w Vehicl e Re-fiatratlon a Tabl e 3- 6 show s projecte d ne wvehicl e registrations . Th e 198 5 and 198 6 statistic s hav e bee n update d base d upo n the mos t recen t dat a availabl e i n Automotiv e News . Th e post-198 5 projectio n o f ne wvehicl e registration s i s derive d fro mthe DR I forecast , "TRENDL0NG0387 " tha t wa s provide d b yDOE . (24 ) Thi s forecas t wa s use d i n orde r t o remai n consisten t wit h othe r econometri c projection s o f ne wvehicl e sale s use d withi n DOE . Th e forecas t show s tha t ca r sale s wil l dro p from11.4 6 millio n unit s i n 198 6 t o 10. 5 millio n unit s i n 199 0 an

d the n increas e a t 1. 5 percen t pe r yea r t o reac h a volum e o f 12. 2 millio n unit s b y2000 .

Base d o n th e DR I forecast , truc k sale s wil l declin e fro m4.9 5 millio n unit s i n 198 6 t o 4.7 4 millio n unit s i n 199 0 and the n ris e a t a n averag e annua l rat e o f 3. 5 percen t ove r the nex t decad e t o reac h 6.6 8 millio n unit s b y2000 .

I n compariso n wit h the Twelft h Periodica l Report , th e curren t DR I forecas t show s a 1. 2 millio n uni t drop i n ne wca r sale s i n 1990 . (New ca r sale s volume wil l reac h 10. 5 millio n unit s i n 199 0 instead o f the earlie r projectio n o f 11. 7 millio n units) . Estimate s o f 199 5 sale s als o ar e lowe r b

yabou t 700,00 0 unit s whil e th e projectio n o f 12. 2 millio n unit s fo r 200 0 i s unchanged . Th e curren t DR I tota l truc k forecas t show s a 199 0 sale s estimat e whic h i s 130,00 0 unit s (2. 7 percent ) les s tha n previousl yexpected . Th e outloo k fo r 200 0 show s sale s o f 1.2 5 millio n mor e unit s tha n tha t indicate d i n th e DR I forecas t Use d fo r the Twelft h Periodica l Report .

T o reflec t th e recen t growt h i n the marke t share s o f impor t light-dut y truck s and light-heavy-dut yvehicles , estimate s o f th e futur e distribu

3-1 5P.2 9



### TABL E 3- 7 DISTRIBUTION

O F NEW TRUC KREGISTRATION S :GH T CATEG ( (percent ) WEIGH T CATEGORY *

Yea r 198 3

198 6

199 0

199 5 Domesti c

LD T 64. 7 (64.7 ) 63. 4 (61.1 ) 65. 7 (66.0 ) 66. 3 (66.2 ) Import

LDT 14. 8 (U.8 ) 21. 7 (19.2 ) 17. 8 (15.2 ) 18. 0 (14.9 ) Ligh

t 

### P V 14. 4 (14.4 ) 9. 5 (14.0 ) 11. 3 (12.2 ) 10. 8 (12.2 ) Mediu

m HD V 3. 5 (3.5 ) 3. 3 (3.3 ) 3. 1 (3.7 ) 3. 0 (3.8 ) Heav

y HD V 2. 6 (2.6 ) 2. 1 (2.4 ) 2. 1 (2.9 ) 1. 9 (1.8 ) Tota l

10 0 (100 ) 10 0 (100 ) 10 0 (100 ) 10 0 (100 )

* Number s i nparenthese s represen t Twelft hPeriodica l Repor t estimates .

3-1 6P.3 0



### tio n o f ne

w truc k registration s b yweigh t categorywer e modified . A s show n i n Tabl e 3- 7 the estimate s o f the impor t an d domesti c LD T marke t share s i n th e post-198 6 perio d wer e increase d slightl ywhil e thos e o f the heavy-dut yvehicl e classe s wer e lowered . 3.3. 3 Vehicl e Mile s o f Trave l Th e tren

d i n averag e annua l mile s travele d pe r automobil e i s a critica l facto r influencing highwayfue l demand . However , ther e i s a wid e disparit yi n the dat a o n change s i n annua l mile s pe r vehicle . Fo r example , dat a o n tota l VM T an d informatio n o n vehicl e registration s obtaine d fro

mthe Federa l Highwa yAdministratio n (FHWA ) sho wincrease s i n averag e annua l mile s pe r ca r o f 1. 1 percent , 1. 4 percen t an d 0. 4 percent , respectively , fo r th e tim e period s 1982-1983 , 1983-198 4 an d 1984-1985 . (25 ) I n contrast , the annua l surveyo f ca r ownershi p cost s conducte d b y the Hert z Corporatio n show s the growt h i n annua l mile s pe r ca r declinin g fro m3. 5 percen t i n 1982-198 3 t o 3. 2 percen t i n 1983-1984 . (26 ) Athir d sourc e o f informatio n i s the pane l surveyo f monthl ytrave l an d fue l purchase s o f America n familie s conducte d b yNP D Research , Inc . Thi s sourc e show s a 1 percen t increas e i n averag e annua l mile s travele d pe r famil ybetwee n 198 2 an d 198 3 an

d a 2. 2 percen t growt h betwee n 198 3 an d 1984 . (27 ) Finally , ove r relativel ylon g period s o f time (e.g. , 10-1 5 years) , dat a fro

mthe FHWA , Nationwid e Persona l Transportatio n Studie s sho wtha t averag e annua l VMT/ca r ha s staye d relativel yflat . (28 )

Wit h respec t t o trucks , availabl e source s als o showconsiderabl e varia

tio n i n annua l rate s o f chang e i n VMT/vehicl e ove r the pas t 1 5 years . Fo r example , the 1972 , 197 7 an d 198 2 Truc k Inventor yan d Us e Survey s (TIUS ) conducte d b

ythe U.S . Censu s Burea u an d the FHW

Adat a sho wa hig h degre e o f stabilit yi n averag e annua l mile s pe r truc k fo r LDT s an d "singl e uni t vehicles. " FHW Adat a o n "combination " truck s (tracto r trailers ) showyearl yrate s o f growt h i n annua l VM T ranging fro m1

3-1 7P.3 1



### percen t t o mor e tha n 3 percen t ove r 5 yea r increment s i n th e pas t two decades . Give n thi s wid e rang e i n the estimate s o f historica l trave l growt h rate s b ydifferen t dat a source s an d the shar

p shor t ter

mfluctuation s i n trave l growt h rate s (suc h a s tha t indicate d b yth e FHW

Adat a series) , i t i s difficul t t o projec t th e future . Fo r th e purpos e o f thi s report , th e growt h i n average annua l VMT/vehicl e betwee n 198 6 an d 200 0 fo r car s an

d light-dut ytruck s i s assume d t o b e negligible . Based o n ou r assessmen t o f TIU S an

d FHW Adata , the VMT/vehicl e o f medium-heav yand heavy-heav

y truck s i s assume d t o gro wa t 2 percent/yea r an d 1 percent/year , respec- ) tively , betwee n 198 6 an d 2000 . 3.3. 4 Diese l Penetratio n Diese l penetratio n o f al l ne wcar s ha s plunge d fro mnearl y6 percen t i n 198 1 t o unde r 0. 4 percen t i n 1986 . Nevertheless , th e us e o f passenge r ca r diesel s wil l continu e i n a scenari o i n which : 1 ) gasolin e price s ris e slowl ybu t remai n belo wrecen t historica l level s throughou t the balance , an

d 2 ) diese l fue l price s remai n highe r tha n unleade d regula r gasoline . Unde r thi s scenario , ne wdomesti c ca r diese l penetratio n wil l ris e onl ygraduall yfro m0. 2 percen t i n 198 6 t o 0. 6 percen t by199 5 (se e Tabl e 3-8) . Unlik e th e ca r market , diesel s hav e bee n relativel ymor e popula r i n ligh t trucks . I n 1983 , fo r example , domesti c LD T diese l penetratio n wa s 6. 7 percen t versu s 1. 3 percen t fo r domesti c cars . However , a s wit h automo

biles , th e continuatio n o f lowgasolin e price s an d unfavorabl e diese l > versu s gasolin e pric e differential s ha s reduce d consume r demand fo r diese l LDT s an

d ha s cause d manufacturer s t o postpon e and/o r cance l plan s t o expan

d th e numbe r o f diese l model s available . I n th e curren t report ,

3-1 8

### TABL E 3- 8 NE W VEHICL

E DIESE L PENETRATION 1 

### * (Percent )

• 1 r- * v o 

### Vehicl e Categor y Domesti c Car s Importe dCar s Domesti c Light Truck s 0-8,50 0 lbs GV

W Importe dLight Truck s 0-8,50 0 lbs GV

W Heavy-Dut y

Vehicle s Ove r 8,50 0 lbs GV

W 198 3

1. 4 

### 3. 4 6. 7

10. 5

34. 7 Actua l

198 4 1. 1 

### 2. 7 2. 2 9. 0

40. 2 198 5

0. 4 

### 2. 2 1. 5 1. 7

40. 4 (39.8 ) 198 8

0. 2 (1.1 ) 0. 9 (2.8 ) 2. 2 (2.1 ) 1. 6 (1.9 ) 42. 7 (43.0 ) Forecas t

199 0 199 5 0. 3 0. 6 (1.3 ) (1.5 ) 1. 0 1. 2 (3.0 ) (4.0 ) 2. 5 2. 5 (2.3 ) (3.5 ) 1. 5 1. 5 (2.0 ) (4.5 ) 43. 4 45. 9 (45.2 ) (48.5 ) 200 0 0. 9 (1.5 ) 1. 5 (4.0 ) 2. 5 (3.5 ) 1. 5 (4.5 ) 46. 3 (49.5 )

Number s i n parenthese s represen tTwelft h Periodica l Repor testimates .domesti c LD T diese l penetratio nwil l ris e fro m 1. 9 percen t i n198 6 t o 2. 5 percen t i n199 0 andremai nconstan t thereafter . Impor t LD T diese l penetratio nals o ha s plunged ' sharpl y ove r th e pas t year . I n1986 , diesel s capture d2 percen t o f the ne w impor t LD T market , downfro

m 9 percen t i n1984 . A s a resul t o f th e scalin g bac k o f diese l plan s b y

impor t LD T manufacturer s i nligh t o f th e low growt hi nfue l prices , impor t LD T diese l penetratio nwil l continu e t o drif t downwar dt o 1. 5 percen t by

199 0 andremai nconstan t thereafter .

Du e t o the relativel y hig husag e level s o f heavy-duty vehicles , diesel s ar e expecte dt o continu e t o b e highl y cost-effectiv e fo r thi s marke t segmen t eve nunde r a scenari o o f lo w fue l prices . Diese l penetratio no f the heavy-duty

truc k flee t i s expecte dt o reac h43. 4 percen t i n199 0 an d 45. 9 percen t by

1995 .

3.3. 5 EP A

t o On-Roa d Fue l Econom y Shortfal l Ther e i s a substantia l differenc e betwee nthe fue l econom y estimate s publishe dby

th e Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y andfue l econom

y achieve do nthe road . Sinc e the on-roa dvalu e i s almos t alway s lowe r tha nthe EP

A estimate , thi s differenc e ha s bee ndefine da s shortfall . Historica l experienc e ha s show ntha t i t ca nrang e fro m 1 0 t o 2 5 percen t fo r a naverag e mode l year . Therefore , the correc t quantificatio no f shortfal l i s extremel y importan t fo r a naccurat e estimat e o f moto r fue l consumption .

Thi s repor t relie s o nestimate s o f shortfal l tha t were develope dby the U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgenc y i nsuppor t o f a propose drulemakin g o nfue l econom

y labeling . (29 ) A s show ni nTabl e 3-9 , th e shortfal l estimate s employ

a gallon-per-mil e (gpm ) rati o functiona l for m t o relat e EPA t o on-roa dfue l economy . Th e relation s ar e specifie dby mode l yea r

3-2 0P.3 4



### Mode l Yea r 197 5 197 6 197 7 197 8 197 9 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4

197 5 197 6 197 7 197 8 197 9 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4

SOURCE :

* O R - EPA- 

### O

R O R O R O R O R O R O R O R O R O R

O R O R O R O R O R O R O R O R O R O R TABLE 3

- REVISE D ESTIMATE S O F FUE L Passenge r Car s Al l Gasoline-Fuele d

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.06 6

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.07 0

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.07 0

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.06 2

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.05 9

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.03 4

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.02 7

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.01 3

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.00 9

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.00 1

Al l Diesel-Fuele d

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.89 4

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.90 9

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.85 8

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.88 4

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.91 9

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.89 4

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.90 8

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.91 2

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.91 0

- EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.87 8

Referenc e No . 29 . On-roa d fue l economy . EPA-rate d fue l economy .

3-2 1 

### 9 ECONOM Y

i 

### O R - O R - O R - O R - O R - O R - OR - O R - O R - O R -

O R - OR - OR - O R - O R - O R - O R - O R - O R - O R - -



### SHORTFALL *
Liifh t Truck s M l Gasoline-Fuele d EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.11 6 EPA/0.0059EPA+1.12 0 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.12 0 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.11 2 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.10 9 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.08 4 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.07 7 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.06 3 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.05 9 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 1.05 1

Al l Diesel-Fuele d EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.94 4 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.95 9 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.90 8 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.93 4 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.96 9 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.94 4 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.95 8 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.96 2 EPA/0.0059EPA+0.96 0 EPA/0.0059EPA+ 0.92 8

### an d fue l syste

m (gasolin e versu s diesel). * Futur e (post-1984 ) mode l yea r vehicle s are assume d t o hav e shortfal l characteristic s tha t ar e identica l t o thos e o f the 198 4 mode l yea r relationship . Th e shortfal l relation s provide d b yEP Awer e specifi c t o automobiles . Base d o n wor k performe d b yDO E an

d others , th e averag e gp mrati o shortfal l fo r car s ha s bee n measure d a t 1.18 . Th e averag e gp mratio* * shortfal l fo r ligh t truck s o f a n equivalen t mode l yea r ha s bee n measure d a t 1.22 . (30,31 ) Therefore , the EP Ashortfal l relation s fo r automobile s wer e adjuste d b

yadding 0.0 5 t o the intercep t ter m(se e Tabl e 3-9 ) i n orde r t o arriv e a t on-road fue l econom yestimate s fo r light-dut ytrucks . 3.3. 6 Othe r Factor s Othe r factor s whic h influenc e trend s i n the mi x an d leve l o f moto r gasolin e consumptio n include : 1 ) the frequencyo f fue l switching b y consumers , 2 ) change s i n vehicl e fue l econom ya s a functio n o f vehicl e age , 3 ) trend s i n off-highwa ygasolin e demand , an d 4 ) the introductio n an d us e o f alcoho l fuels . Th e discussio n whic h follow s briefl y summarize s the inpu t dat a o n thes e factors . 3.3.6. 1 Fue l Switching A s par t o f a n effor t t o improve the accurac yo f the MF C mode l i n forecasting leade d versu s unleade d gasoline , dat a o n trend s i n passenge r

* * 

### Recen t analysi s o f thes e shortfal l relation s sugges t tha t theymay b e significantl yoverstating the averag e on-roa d fue l econom yo f passenge r car s currentl yin-use . Thi s issu e i s currentl ybein g investigate d an

d revise d shortfal l relation s wil l b e implemente d i n the nex t Periodica l Repor t o n the MF C model . gp mrati o - rati o o f on-roa d gallons/mil e t o EPA-measure d gallons/mile .

3-2 2

### ca

r an d truck fue l switching b yconsumer s wer e incorporate d int o the MF C model. * Fue l switching i s a generi c ter mwhic h include s the following :

• Misfueler s ar e catalyst-equippe d vehicle s require d b yth e EPA t o b e fuele d wit h unleade d gasolin e whic h ar e operate d entirel y o r occasionall yo n leade d gasoline . Th e misfueling rat e i s the percentag e o f the tota l gallon s consume d b ythes e vehicle s tha t i s leade d fuel . Misfueling a s use d i n thi s repor t i s therefor e a gasolin e volume-base d rat e an d no t a n incidence-base d rate . (Incidenc e refer s t o the percentag e o f unleade d certifie d vehicle s whic h us e leade d gasolin e a t som e poin t during the calenda r year.)* *

• Discretionaryswitcher s ar e non-catalys t equippe d vehicle s normall yoperate d o n leade d fue l whic h ar e operate d entirel yQ_ occasionall yo n unleade d gasoline . Th e discretionaryswitching rat e i s the percentag e o f tota l gallon s consume d b ythes e vehicle s whic h i s unleade d fuel . Thi s for mo f fue l switching doe s no t hav e deleteriou s emission s impact s sinc e th e vehicles ' emissio n contro l system s ar e designe d fo r fuel s containing lead . Th e dat a o n fue l switching wer e originall yderive d froma n analysi s fo r DO E o f two larg e surveydat a base s tha t containe d diaryrecord s o f consume r fue l purchase s an d trave l behavio r fo r the tim e perio d 197 8 throug h 1981 . (32 ) Thi s analysi s showe d a growt h i n misfuelin g tha t wa s linke d primaril yt o the aging o f the flee t o f catalyst-equippe d vehicles , Thi s stud

ywa s subsequentl yupdate d fo r EPAwit h estimate s o f fue l switching derive d fro m198 2 diar

yrecord s o f consume r fue l purchas e an d trave l behavior . (33)** *

N o fue l switching wa s assume d fo r heavy-dut ytruck s ove r 14,00 0 lb s GVW . Thes e vehicle s ar e no t catalyst-equippe d an d ar e therefor e no t require d t o us e unleade d gasoline . Se e Referenc e Nos . 3 3 an d 4 0 fo r a mor e complet e discussio n o f vehicl e "incidence " versu s "volume"-base d fue l switching . Fo r a mor e detaile d summar yo f th e derivatio n o f the fue l switching rates , the reade r shoul d consul t Referenc e No . 33 .

3-2 3P.3 7



### Th e dat a usedi n th e MF C mode l t o asses s th e impac t o f fue l switching o n leade d an

d unleade d gasolin e deman d ar e show

n i n Tabl e 3-10 . Th e discretionaryswitching rate s ar e mode l yea r specifi c an d ar e hel d constan t fro

m197 5 t o 2000 . (The reade r shoul d not e tha t thi s assumptio n ha s onl ymargina l impac t o n the leade d versu s unleade d gasolin e spli t sinc e almos t al l post-197 5 passenge r car s ar e catalyst-equipped. ) Th e misfuelin g rate s ar e vintag e dependent , bu t ar e hel d constan t fo r vehicle s olde r tha n 8 years , sinc e dat a ar e availabl e o n onl yeigh t vintage s o f catalyst-equippe d vehicles . Furthermore , th e projection s ar e th e same fo r car s an d truck s unde r 14,00 0 lb s GV W sinc e th e dat a ar e no t sufficien t t o develo p separat e estimate s o f misfuelin g b yvehicl e categoryan

d vintage . 3.3.6. 2 AMPD/Odomete r Effec t I n the developmen t o f fue l deman d forecast s i t i s importan t t o accoun t fo r thos e factor s whic h influenc e fue l econom ylevel s ove r the lif e o f a vehicle . Engineering an d statistica l analyse s hav e demonstrate d tha t fue l econom

ytypicall yincrease s during th e interva l betwee n th e initiatio n o f vehicl e operatio n unde r col d star t condition s an d the attainmen t o f norma l operating temperatures . Th e increas e i s a functio n o f bot h ambien t temperatur e an d the distanc e travele d (i.e. , averag e mile s pe r dayo r AMPD) . Th e analyse s als o hav e show n tha t the sensi

tivit yo f fue l econom yt o averag e dail ytrave l decrease s a t highe r averag e AMPD' s an

d increase s wit h vehicl e age . Studie s b

ythe EP

Ahav e demonstrate d the improvemen t i n fue l econom ywit h increasing odomete r mileage . Thi s effec t i s associate d wit h the progres siv e reductio n o f interna l engine/drivetrai n frictio n whic h usuall y occur s during th e "breaking-in " perio d o f a ne wmodel .

T o incorporat e thes e effect s int o the MF C model , equation s whic h relat e in-us e fue l econom

yt o odomete r mileag e an d AMP D wer e draw

n fro mrecen t

3-2 4t o

U l 

### * I f 

## 5 - ft ) u ft) f D fl to 3 

### < o •"- • 

# i <t > • o r 0 > U rt> D . 3 H » 

### e to r- 1 1 0 

### < H. r t o a * H " 3 O Q

»- i P * r t n ( a X T J O n o p > • i t o P > 3 

### a r t o T T ( 0 t - l C D W W f t 3 " P > 3 

### !- • • O 

### • * o o o

• - • o * t o o c 

### ^

. V

O ** 0 v O v o v o v O vo v O vO v O v O v O v O v O v O v O v o v O v O v O vo vo v

O v O vo v O v O v O v o vo >!-<'->lvl>J>JCA»9l-h^(7\^av»0*4UIUIUI4Vlui4jiuiuiuiui->(.->( . W->U)MHOvO-»vl-hUlf-4jJMH040COvlCh4j|4>U)rOHO*l-0'sl * » o C D a. H to r o O o o

r o ^JvooovooNvot-'Mvoroorouiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiuiui'jiuiu i O ( a r » *- « ( D r t r * o 3 ( a

o 3 " •-* • 3 I Q *

HMW" 1 U10>vJC 0 4 0 0h , 'OWt , UlO>vlOO\OO H tOtO-OMNtOtOMM W MW^UlOvvlOOvO O t n r o

0tlciyy^yj^\Ofy301O\O\a\O\O\OyO\t^O\O\O\O\O\a\O\O\O\Oc0y0\(fc0\<XyOC»*siUI*O^N3l-J|^--«4)-»rJ^I-JMIJ MM'-'-- J MI-'*- , - - J * ^ 3 I Q P O C D r t to uttttt-

### EP A an d DOE studies . Thes e equation s wer e combine d wit h MF C mode l inpu t dat a o n annua l miles/ca r b yvintag e an

d wer e use d t o generat e a n age base d index o f the sensitivit yo f in-us e fue l econom yt o bot h increasing odomete r an

d change s i n AMPD . (34 ) A s show n i n Tabl e 3-11 , thes e tw o effect s reduc e the in-us e fue l econom yo f a 10-yea r ol d vehicl e b ymor e than 8 percen t relativ e t o it s fue l econom ywhe n new . Thi s relationshi p i s mor e full ydiscusse d i n Referenc e No . 35 . 3.3.6. 3 Off-Highwa y Gasolin

e T o facilitat e a n analysi s o f the tota l leade d gasolin e marke t an d t o enabl e user s t o compar e projection s o f tota l gasoline ' demand , a n off

highwaygasolin e componen t wa s incorporate d int o th e MF C mode l structure . Th e methodolog yfo r estimating futur e trend s i n off-highwa y gasolin e deman

d wa s limite d b

yth e fac t tha t availabl e source s o f historica l dat a wer e fewi n numbe r an d ofte n provide d estimate s whic h wer e inconsisten t and/o r incomplete.* * Fo r the purpos e o f thi s analysis , historica l estimate s o f off-highwa ygasolin e consumptio n wer e derive d fro mthe annua l edition s o f Highwa yStatistic s publishe d bythe U.S . Federa l Highwa

yAdministration . (36 )

Tabl e 3-1 2 show s historica l trend s i n off-highwa ygasolin e consumptio n fro m197 0 t o 198 5 fo r four categorie s o f off-highwa yapplications : agriculture , industrial/commercial , construction , an d marine/recrea

-

* * 

### Initia l consideratio n als o wa s give n t o the inclusio n o f a n off-highwa

ydiese l componen t i n the MF C model . However , give n the leve l o f resource s tha t woul d hav e bee n require d t o d o a detaile d analysi s o f a n area i n whic h the availabl e dat a wer e no t wholl y adequat e no r consistent , tha t effor t wa s ultimatel yjudge d t o b e beyond th e scop e an d resource s o f the curren t study . Se e Referenc e Nos . 3 7 an d 3 8 fo r a descriptio n o f dat a source s an d problem s wit h availabl e estimate s o f off-highwa ygasolin e usage .

3-2 6P.4 0 " 1



### TABLE 3-1 1 PASSENGE

RCA RAMPD/ODOMETE

RFACTO R FO RIN-US E FUEL ECONOM Y



### Ag e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 15 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 AMPD

Facto r 1.00 0 0.98 2 0.96 5 0.95 3 0.94 6 0.94 1 0.91 5 0.92 2 0.89 9 0.88 4 0.88 0 0.85 5 0.84 1 0.84 2 0.85 9 0.86 0 0.88 5 0.77 5 0.75 3 0.74 5 Odomete r

Facto r 1.01 3 1.03 3 1.04 1 1.04 7 1.05 1 1.05 4 1.05 6 1.05 8 1.06 0 1.06 2 1.06 3 1.06 4 1.06 5 1.06 6 1.06 7 1.06 8 1.06 9 1.06 9 1.07 0 1.07 0 Combine d AMPD/OD

O Factor * 1.01 3 1.01 4 1.00 5 0.99 7 0.99 4 0.99 2 0.96 7 0.97 6 0.95 4 0.93 9 0.93 5 0.91 8 0.91 7 0.91 0 0.89 8 0.89 6 0.86 2 0.82 9 0.80 5 0.80 0

*Th e "combined " AMPD/ODO M facto r i s th e produc t o f th

e individua l AMPD an d odomete r factor s b y vehicl e age . Th

e combine

d value s fo

r 13 + year ol dvehicle s hav

e been"smoothed " t o represent a gradua l deceleratio n inth e declin

e infue l econom

y withincreasin

g age .

3-2 7P.4 1



### tional/other . Thes e categorie s correspon d t o thos e use d bythe Federa l Highwa yAdministratio n wit h on e exception . Marine/recreational/othe r als o incude s gasolin e consume d b ypublicl yowne d vehicle s and motor

cycles . Tota l off-highwa ygasolin e ha s fluctuate d betwee n 3 an d 4 billio n gallons/yea r i n the 1970-198 5 tim e period . Th e share s o f tota l off-highwa

ygasolin e attributabl e t o differen t application s als o hav e shifte d ove r tim

e du e largel yt o variatio n i n the rate s o f technolog y penetratio n b

ysector . Fo r example , the increasing dieselizatio n o f agricultura l machineryha s bee n a primaryfacto r behind th e declin e i n agricultura l shar e o f tota l off-highwa ygasolin e consumptio n fro m4 4 percen t i n 197 0 t o 2 8 percen t i n 1985 . T o accoun t fo r th e difference s i n technolog

ymi x an

d activit ylevel s i n the variou s off-highwa ysectors , estimate s o f the futur e annua l growt h (decline ) i n gasolin e us e wer e develope d fo r eac h o f the four categorie s show n i n Tabl e 3-12 .
Dat a o n the historica l leade d shar e o f off-highwa ygasolin e demand fo r eac h o f the four categorie s coul d no t b e locate d i n th e literature . Through conversation s wit h trad e association s an d manufacturers , an d analysi s o f testimon ypresente d a t the recen t EP Ahearing s o n lead phasedown , informatio n wa s obtaine d o n the lead lubricit yrequirement s o f off-highwa

yfar mequipment , constructio n machinery , recreationa l boats , an d motorcycles . (39 ) Usin g thes e dat a an d estimate s o f th e mi x o f technologie s an

d distributio n o f engine s b ysiz e an

d vintag e (whe n avail

able) , leade d gasolin e share s wer e "guesstimated " fo r eac h sector . Thes e estimate s ar e als o show n i n Tabl e 3-12 . 3.3.6. 4 Nea t Methano l an d Alcohol/Gasolin e Blend s Alcohol s hav e recentl ycome unde r increasing scrutin ya s petroleu

m refiner s ar e seeking ne wlow-cos t additive s t o replac e lea d a s a n octan e booste r fo r gasoline . Sinc e the adven t o f the mor e stringen t gasolin e lead phasedow

n schedule s promulgate d b yEP Aan d effectiv e Jul y1 , 1985 ,

3-2 8

### TABLE 3-1 2

Year 197 0 197 1 197 2 197 3 197 4 197 5 197 6 197 7 197 8 197 9 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 199 0 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5 199 6 199 7 199 8 199 9 200 0 Agriculture

Lea d Tota l 1.93 2 1.86 5 1.69 8 1.75 0 1.60 6 1.56 5 1.47 2 1.36 0 1.22 9 1.15 2 1.05 9 1.01 0 0.91 2 0.80 7 1.56 7 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 1.08 1 Fractio

n 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 

### OF

F -HIGHWA

Y (billio n Industrial / Commercia l 

## T9taV 0.30 8 0.29 4 0.31 2 0.27 0 0.20 9 0.17 9 0.17 8 0.18 2 0.17 5 0.13 3 0.18 8 0.17 1 0.16 7 0.85 6 0.86 0 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 0.45 3 Lea

d GASOLIN

E US E gallons )

Constructio

n Fractio nTota l 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 0.14 9

0.12 7 0.11 5 0.10 3 0.11 1 0.09 0 0.10 3 0.08 5 0.07 5 0.08 8 0.14 9 0.13 3 0.11 0 0.28 2 0.90 3 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 0.05 1 Lea

d Fractio n 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 Marine /

Recreationa l


## Tota l 1.43 6 1.62 7 1.74 1 1.81 5 1.80 4 1.89 0 1.99 3 2.03 8 2.21 4 2.25 1 2.29 5 1.96 0 2.07 0 1.03 3 1.14 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 2.28 0 Lea

d Fractio n 1.0 0 1,0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 1.0 0 0.9 6 0.9 2 0.8 8 0.8 4 0.7 9 0.7 5 0.7 1 0.6 7 0.6 5 0.6 3 0.6 2 0.6 0 0.5 8 0.5 7 0.5 6 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 0.5 5 SOURCE : Historica l (pre-1986 ) dat a o ntota l off-highwa

y gasolin

e b y subsector draw nfro m Referenc e No . 36 . Post-198 5 tota l gasolin e consumptio

nb y subsector i s assume dt o remai nconstant a t 198 5 levels .

3-2 9

### alcohol/gasolin e blend s hav e bee n the subjec t o f increasing interest . I n addition , neat-methano l fuele d vehicle s als o hav e bee n a recen t focu s o f interes t a s a mean s t o dramaticall yimprove th e Corporat e Averag e Fue l Econom y(CAFE ) o f th e petroleum-fuele d portio n o f th e ne wca r fleet s produce d b

yth e automobil e manufacturers . (41 )

A s par t o f a n effor t t o evaluat e trend s i n the us e o f transportatio n alcoho l fuels , a nea t methano l an d a n alcohol/gasolin e blend componen t ha s bee n adde d t o the model . Th e nea t methano l portio n ha s bee n structure d i n a manne r identica l t o tha t use d t o estimat e futur e trend s i n the fue l use , efficiency , travel , an d stoc k o f gasolin e an d diese l vehicle s (se e Appendi x A) . However , fo r th e purpos e o f thi s periodica l report , nea t methano l vehicle s ar e assume d t o no t penetrat e the marke t i n an ymeasurabl e quantit yprio r t o th e yea r 2000 . Problem s relating t o material s compatibility , nea t methano l automotiv e technology , an d the developmen t o f nea t methano l fue l distributio n system s ar e assume d no t t o b e solve d prio r t o th e en d o f th e century . Ethano l an

d methano l will , nevertheless , se e increasing us e a s component s o f leade d an

d unleade d gasolin e blends . Th e projection s o f ethano l an d methano l a s a percen t o f leade d an d unleade d gasolin e ar e presente d i n Table s 3-1 3 an

d 3-14 . Not e tha t i n eac h o f thes e tables , colum n # 5 i s the produc t o f colum n # 1 an d colum n #3 ; colum

n # 6 i s the produc t o f colum n # 2 an d colum n #4 . Ethano l

• 1980-198 4 ethanol/gasolin e blend share s o f leade d an d unleade d gasolin e ar e derive d fro mFHW Afigure s o n "monthl ygasoho l reporte d b

ystates. " Th e blend share s o f leade d and unleade d gasolin e ar e assume d t o b e equa l a s ther e ar e n o historica l dat a t o disaggregat e the two blende d fue l types . (36 )

3-3 0P.4 43-13TABLEGASOLINELEADED



### g b . O Cf l C d 2 r VIANDMETHANO

O

C d W l e 4 > o W l cgures(Allfi N O tt

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### e C OMeth

a « I - I1Ethano

o c e o J SMetnol

< 0Ethsoline

< o C J < M 0 U 

### -d t o e - o 4) UfaPer

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4 )Perc

<4- l o C O W l C O 

### \ x l- l o eetha

Xsoline

C O C J C O * oBlenreof

C O X \ O TEthanolBlend CO

4 )Unl 4) C i - lGaso

* 4 ) • oeUnlea

c « H r H oGasline

oGassoline

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= >

• o 4 ) • o 4 > c

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### 3-3 1TABL E 3-1 4 ETHANO L AN D METHANO L SHARE S O F LEADE D GASOLIN E

(Al l figure s i npercent )

ot r o Yea r



### 198 0 198 1 198 2 198 3 198 4 198 5 198 6 198 7 198 8 198 9 199 0 199 1 199 2 199 3 199 4 199 5 # 1

Ethanol/Gasolin

e Blen d Share o f Unleade d Marke t

0.4 7 1.2 0 1.9 5 3.9 7 5.0 0 7.0 0 9.0 0 11.0 0 13.0 0 14.0 0 15.0 0 16.0 0 17.0 0 18.0 0 19.0 0 20.0 0 # 2

Methanol/Gasoline Blen d Shar e o f Unleade d Gasolin e Marke t



### 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.0 0 11.0 0 17.0 0 24.0 0 30.0 0 34.0 0 38.0 0 42.0 0 46.0 0 50.0 0 # 3

Ethano l Percent o f Gasoline Blen d

10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 20. 0 18. 0 16. 0 13. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 # 4

Methano l Percen t o f Gasolin e Blen d



### 0 0 0 0 0 0 25. 0 20. 0 18. 0 15. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 10. 0 # 5

Ethano l a s a Percent o f Unleaded Gasoline *

0.0 5 0.1 2 0.2 0 0.4 0 0.5 0 0.7 0 1.8 0 1.9 8 2.0 8 1.8 2 1.5 0 1.6 0 1.7 0 1.8 0 1.9 0 2.0 0 # 6

Methano l a

a a Percen t o f Unleade d Gasolin e



### 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.2 5 2.2 0 3.0 6 3.6 0 3.0 0 3.4 0 3.8 0 4.2 0 4.6 0 5.0 0

Colum n# 5 - (Colum

n#1 ) x(Colum

n#3 )

* * 

### Colum

n# 6 - (Colum

n#2 ) x(Colum

n#4 )P.4 6

Th e ethanol/gasolin e blen dshar e o f the unleade dgasolin e marke t i s assume dt o ris e a t historica l rate s o f growt ht o 1 3 percen t b

y 199 0 a s i t i s use dincreasingl y a s a noctane booste r an

dcontinue s t o enjo y taxbreaks . Afte r 1990 , w e assume ta xbreak s fo r ethano l begi nt o disappea r andgrowt hi n marke t shar e drop s a s technica l problem s (i.e. , fue l system corrosion ) wit hthe more pric e competitiv e methanol/gasoline blend s ar e solved . Th e ethanol/gasolin e blen dshar e o f unleade dreache s 1 5 percen t b y 1995 . Th e ethanol/gasolin e blen dshar e o f the leade dgasolin e marke t i s assume dt o ris e a t a slightl y highe r rat e tha ntha t o f ethanol/unleade ddu e t o the effec t o f th e EP A lea dphasedow

n regulations . By

199 0 we assume the ethanol/gasolin e blen d shar e o f the leade dgasolin e marke t wil l reac h1 5 percent . A s wit hthe unleade dmarket , the growt hi nethanol/leade dblen d penetratio nwil l slow i nthe 1990 s du e t o the increase d competitivenes s o f methano l blends , the solvin g o f fue l system compatibilit y

problem s associate dwit hthe latter , an dthe phasin g ou t o f ethano l ta xbreaks . Th e ethanol/gasolin e blen dmixtur e i s assume dt o remai n constan t throughou t the forecas t perio da t the curren t leve l o f 1 0 percen t ethano l and9 0 percen t gasolin e fo r bot hleade dan d unleade dgrades . Fo r leade dgasolin e grades , th e amoun t o f ethano l pe r gallo no f gasolin e wil l ris e rapidl y fro m 1 0 percen t t o 2 0 percen t i nthe shor t ter m (1985-1986 ) a s refiner s rus ht o substitut e alcoho l fo r lea di nthe wake o f th e recen t EPA leadphasedow

nregulations . I nthe long-run , th e increasin g us e o f ethano l pe r gallo no f leade dgasolin e wil l be limite db

y concern s regardin g the effec t o f alcoho l o nfue l volatilit y

andevaporativ e emissions . Limit s o nthe us e o f alcoho l i norde r t o contro l gasolin e volatilit y coul dcaus e the ethanol/gasolin e blen dmixtur e t o dro pbac k t o abou t 1 0 percen t by 1990 .

Methano l I n198 4 approximatel y 26 0 millio ngallon s o f methano l blende d gasolin e were sol di ncompariso nwit h5. 7 billio ngallon s o f ethano l blende dgasoline . (42 ) Accordin g t o industr y statistics , the methanol/gasolin e blen dshar e o f the unleade d marke t wa s les s tha n0. 5 percen t i n1984 . Thi s shar e i s assume dt o ris e t o 1 0 percen t i n199 0 a s the favore dtax treatmen t fo r ethano l begin s t o disappea r andaut o maker s continu e t o resolv e fue l syste m compatibilit y

problems . Afte r

3-3 3P.4 7

199 0 methanol/gasolin e blend s wil l ris e rapidl y t o captur e 5 0 percen t o f th e unleade dmarke t b y 199 5 a s technologica l problem s wit hmethano l us e anddistributio nar e solve dan dthe pric e competitivenes s vis-a-vi s ethano l increases . I nth e leade dmarket , th e methanol/gasolin e blend s shar e i s assumed - t o ris e rapidl y fro m nea r zer o percen t i n198 5 t o 3 0 percen t i n199 0 and3 0 percen t by 199 5 a s methano l i s use d increasingl y

a s a noctan e substitute . Th e percentag e o f methano l use di nmethanol/unleade dgasolin e blend s i s assume dt o remai nconstan t a t 5 percen t throughou t the forecas t period . Base do nconversation s wit hgovernmen t official s an da review o f industr y

statistics , i t appear s tha t th e percentag e o f methano l use di nmethanol/leade d gasolin e blend s coul dsoa r t o a s muc ha s 2 5 percen t i nthe nea r ter m a s th e refiner s rus ht o substitut e alcoho l fo r lea di norde r t o maintai noctan e level s i nth e wak e o f the EPA lea dphasedow

nregulations . However , a s wit hethanol , increasin g concer nabou t the effec t o f alcoho l o n fue l volatilit y

wil l limi t growt hi nthe methanol/leade d gasolin e blen dmixture . Th e promulgatio no f EP A regulation s concernin g fue l volatilit y coul dcaus e the methanol/leade d gasolin e blen dmixture percentag e t o settl e bac k dow ni nth e rang e o f 1 0 percen t by 1990 .

3-3 4P.4 8



### 4 . US B O F TH E MODE L

During the pas t year , the MF C mode l wa s use d t o suppor t DO E analyse s of : 1 ) the impac t o f reduce d passenge r ca r an d LD T o n fue l consumption ; an d 2 ) the effec t o f lowe r oi l price s o n U.S . energ yconsumption . Thi s sectio n briefl ysummarize s thes e tw o activities . 4. 1 FUE L CON-SUMPTIO NIMPACT S O F REVISE D PROJECTION S O F TH E PASSENGE R CA R AND LIGH T DUT Y TRUC K FUE L ECONOM Y CAPABILITIE S O F U.S . MANUFACTURER S Th e fue l econom

ycapabilitie s o f U.S . manufacturer s wer e recentl y reexamine d t o suppor t the preparatio n o f DO E comment s o n DO T rulemaking s concerning CAF E standard s fo r automobile s an d light-dut ytruck s (21) . Manufacture r submission s t o the DO T regarding CAF E an d report s publishe d i n th e trad e literatur e wer e use d t o perfor ma detaile d analysi s o f change s i n manufacture r produc t plans . Th e result s o f thi s assessmen t wer e incorporate d int o the passenge r ca r an d light-dut ytruc k Technolog y Cos t Segmen t Model s (TCSM ) an d wer e use d t o adjus t th e fue l econom y forecast s b

ymanufacturers , size/marke t class , an d body/platformtype . Th e forecast s als o wer e adjuste d fo r the significan t increas e i n pas senge r ca r and ligh t truc k performanc e tha t ha s occurre d i n th e las t two years . I n addition , the projection s o f marke t shar e b ymanufacture r an

d size/marke t clas s (used t o aggregat e the fue l econom yestimates ) wer e revise d t o incorporat e anticipate d impact s of : 1 ) ne wmode l offerings , 2 ) increase d competitio n i n the smal l ca r segment , an d 3 ) lowe r fue l pric e trajectories . Th e analysi s o f impor t passenge r ca r an d LD T fue l econom

ytrend s wa s mor e approximat e a s a detaile d technology-cos t segmen t mode l fo r thi s categor y ha s no t bee n developed . Th e revision s i n the passenge r ca r averag e mp g



### 4- 1P.4 9

o f the luxur y

segmen t anda declin e throug h199 0 i nthe fue l econom y o f smal l andluxur y

imports . Th e declin e i s attributabl e t o performanc e increases , decrease ddiese l penetratio no f luxur y imports , andth e proliferatio no f "lo w technology " smal l car s fro m Korea , Taiwan , etc . Similarly , the projecte ddeclin e throug h199 0 i nimpor t LD T mp g i s base d o ndecrease ddiese l penetration , increase dperformanc e (throughexpande d us e o f V- 6 engines) , anda nincreasin g numbe r o f ne w impor t mode l offering s i nthe va nsegment .

Th e passenge r ca r andlight-dut y truc k fue l econom y projection s wer e show nearlie r i nTabl e 3- 1 andar e no t repeate dhere . Table 4- 1 show s the fue l consumptio nimpact s o f the revise dprojection s (relativ e t o thos e use di nthe Twelft hPeriodica l Report) . I n199 5 th e reduce d fue l econom y trajectorie s produce a 320,00 0 barrel/da y increas e i ntota l fue l use . Abou t 5 9 percen t (190,00 0 bbl/day ) o f the tota l i s attributabl e t o car s and4 1 percen t (130,00 0 bbl/day ) i s du e t o lowe r LD T fue l economy .

4. 2 ANALYSI S O F TH E PROJECTE D IMPAC T O F LOWE ROI L PRICE S O N U.S . ENERG YCONSERVATION Th e Moto r Fue l Consumptio nmode l wa s recentl y use di na stud

y fo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Offic e o f Policy , Plannin g andAnalysis , whic h examine dthe potentia l impac t o f lowe r oi l price s o nenerg y conservatio n i nthe U.S . (43 ) Specifically , the MF C mode l wa s use dt o provid e projection s o f tota l transportatio nsecto r energy efficienc y

andenergy us e i n199 5 unde r lo w andhig hworl doi l pric e scenarios . Th e trendi n tota l transportatio nenergy efficienc y

i neac ho f the tw o scenario s wa s the ndisaggregate dt o sho w the relativ e contribution s o f fou r majo r factors : 1 ) th e effect s o f fue l price s o ntravel ; 2 ) shift s i nthe mi x o f moto r vehicle s i nus e (automobiles , ligh t trucks , andheavy-dut y vehicles) ; 3 ) change s i nefficienc y du e solel y

t o stoc k turnover ; and4 ) improvement s i nthe technologica l efficienc y o f ne w

vehicles .



### 4- 2

### TABLE 4- 1 INCREMENTA

L FUEL CONSUMPTIO

N IMPACT S O

F CHANGE S I

N PROJECTE

D CORPORATE AVERAG

E FUEL ECONOM

Y (thousands o f barrels/day )

Passenger Light-dut y Yea r Car s Truck s Tota l

198 6 0 1 0 1 0

198 8 5 0 4 0 9 0

199 0 9 0 6 0 15 0

199 5 19 0 13 0 32 0



## 4-3P.5 1

Tabl e 4- 2 show s th e relativ e contributio no f eac ho f thes e fou r factor s t o tota l 199 5 transportatio nenergy saving s i nlo

w andhig hworl doi l pric e scenarios . Th e stud y showe dstoc k turnove r andimprovement s i nnew vehicl e technologica l efficienc y t o be the larges t contributor s t o transportatio nfue l savings .

Fo r furthe r details , the reade r i s referre dt o Referenc e Numbe r 43 .



### 4- 4P.5 2



### TABL E 4- 2 at



### COMPONENT S O

F TRANSPORTATIO

N ENERG YCONSERVATIO

N FRO M FROZE N EUI BASELIN

E (Quads ) 

## Hig hPric e c^s e Ne w Vehicl e MP

G2.2 0 Stock Turnove r 2.6 7 Mi xShif t -0.2 4 Low Pric e Cas e 

### 1.1 8 2.8 0 -0.1 1

TOTA L 4.6 3 3.4 6

4- 5

### 1 .

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

7 .

8 .

9 .

10 . I

<-*



### REFERENCE S

Energ yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The Light-Dut yVehicl e Fue l Consumptio n Model : Firs t Quarterl yReport, " prepare d fo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Jun e 12 , 1980 . Energ yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The Light-Dut yVehicl e Fue l Consumptio n Model : Secon d Quarterl yReport, " prepare d fo r th e U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Septembe r 20 , 1980 . Energ yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The Light-Dut yVehicl e Fue l Consumptio n Model : Addendu mt o the Secon

d Quarterl yReport, " prepare d fo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Novembe r 5 , 1980 . Energ yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The HighwayFue l Consump

tio n Model : Thir d Quarterl yReport, " prepare d fo r th e U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , January27 , 1981 . Energ yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The HighwayFue l Consump

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tio n Model : Sevent h Quarterl yReport, " prepare d fo r th e U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Apri l 15 , 1982 . Energ yand Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The HighwayFue l Consump

tio n Model : Eight h Quarterl yReport, " prepare d fo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Jul y1 , 1982 .



## R- lP.5 4



### 11 . Energ

y an dEnvironmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The HighwayFue l Consump

tio n Model : Nint h Quarterl yReport, " prepare d fo r the U.S . Department o f Energy , Februar y1983 . 12 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The HighwayFue l Consump

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yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The Moto r Fue l Consumptio n Model : Elevent h Periodica l Report, " prepare d fo r th e U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Novembe r 7 , 1984 . 14 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "The HighwayFue l Consump

tio n Model : Twelft h Periodica l Report, " prepare d fo r th e U.S . Departmen t o f Energy ; Novembe r 1985 . 15 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Analyse s o f Trend s i n Passenge r Ca r Retirement s vs . Ne wCa r Registrations, " prepare d fo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , January1982 . 16 . R.M . Heavenrich , e t al , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , "Ligh t Dut yAutomotiv e Trend s Through 1986, " Societ yo f Automotiv e Engineers , Pape r No . 860366 , Februar y1986 . 17 . U.S . Depatmen t o f Transportation , Nationa l HighwayTraffi c Safet y Administration , "Summar yo f Fue l Econom

yPerformance, " Apri l 7 , 1986 . 18 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Revise d Projection s o f Fue l Econom

yan d Technolog

yFo r Highwa

yVehicles, " prepare d fo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Jul y15 , 1983 . 19 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Analysi s o f Curren t an d Projecte d Capabilitie s o f Domesti c Automobil e Manufacturer s t o Improve Thei r Corporat e Averag e Fue l Economy, " prepare d fo r U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Septembe r 6 , 1985 . 20 . U.S . Energ

yInformatio n Administration , Annua l Energ yOutloo k 1986 . February1987 . 21 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Forecast s o f Ligh t Dut y Truc k CAFE : 1985-1995, " prepare d fo r Marti n Mariett a Energ ySystems , Apri l 1987 .



### R- 2

### 22 . Lette r fro m Kar l Hellman , Chief , Contro l Technolog yan d Application s Branch , Offic e o f Air , Nois e an d Radiation , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , t o Mr . Barr yMcNutt , U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Augus t 14 , 1984 . 23 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Historica l and Projecte d Emission s Conversio n Facto r an d Fue l Econom

yfo r Heavy-Dut yTrucks : 1962-2002, " prepare d fo r the Moto r Vehicl e Manufacturer' s Associa

tion , Decembe r 1983 . 24 . Telephon e conversatio n wit h Ms . Pegg yPodolak , U . S . Departmen t o f Energy , Apri l 15 , 1987 . 25 . U.S . Federa l Highwa yAdministration , "Annua l Vehicl e Mile s o f Trave l and Relate d Dat a - 1984, " tabl e VM-1 , preliminary , Octobe r 1985 . 26 . Hert z Corporation , "198 4 U.S . Vehicl e Spending Study, " Augus t 12 , 1985 . 27 . NP D Research , Inc. , "Vehicl e Usag e o f America n Families, " Decembe r 1983 , an

d persona l communicatio n wit h Caro l Suhr , Octobe r 1985 . 28 . U.S . Departmen t o f Transportation , Federa l HighwayAdministration , 1983-198 4 Nationwid e Persona l Transportatio n Study , Vol . 1 , Augus t 1986 . 29 . Lette r fro

mKar l Hellman , Chief , Contro l Technolog yan d Application s Branch , Offic e o f Air , Nois e an d Radiation , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , t o Barr yMcNutt , U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Augus t 28 , 1984 . 30 . B . McNut t e t al , "Compariso n o f EP Aan d On-Roa d Fue l Econom y- Analysi s Approaches , Trend s an d Impacts, " Societ yo f Automotiv e Engineers , Pape r No . 820788 , Jun e 1982 . 31 . Lette r fro

mJa n W . Mares , U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , t o Richar d Wilson , U.S . Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , Septembe r 2 , 1983 , re : DO E comment s o n EP Apropose d revisio n t o improv e fue l econom yratings . (Se e Enclosur e 1 : "Supplementa l Analysi s Supporting DO E Comment s o n EP APropose d Rulemaking." ) EP ACentra l Docke t Section , Docke t No . A-80-32 . 32 . Energ

yan d Environmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Assessmen t o f Curren t an d Projecte d Trend s i n Light-Dut yVehicl e Fue l Switching, " prepare d fo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Jun e 1982 .



### R- 3P.5 6

33 . Energy

andEnvironmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Assessmen t o f Curren t an d Projecte dTrend s i nLight-Dut y Vehicle andTruc k Fue l Switching, " prepare dfo r the U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Septembe r 1984 . 34 . Energy

andEnvironmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Modification s o f the Highwa y

Fue l Consumptio nModel, " prepare dfo r th e U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Augus t 30 , 1982 . 35 . R . Crawford , Energ y andEnvironmenta l Analysis , Inc. , and S . Kaufman , Falco nResearc handDevelopment , "Seasona l andRegiona l MP Ga s Influence dB y Environmenta l Condition s andTrave l Patterns, " Societ y

o f Automotiv e Engineers , Pape r No . 830546 . 36 . U.S . Departmen t o f Transportation , Federa l Highwa y Administration , Highwa y

Statistics , publishe dannually . 37 . G . Kulp , e t al , Oak Ridg e Nationa l Laboratory , Regiona l Analyse s o f Highwa y

Energy

Use , prepare dfo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Apri l 1980 . 38 . R.W . McGil l andM.C . Holcomb , Oak Ridg e Nationa l Laboratory , "Non-Residentia l Energy End-Us e Study, " (draft) , prepare dfo r the Energy Informatio nAdministration , U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Jun e 1984 . 39 . U.S . Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , Lea dPhasedow nHearing , Arlington , Virginia, Augus t 30-31 , 1984 . Testimony containe di nEPA Rulemakin g Docke t No . EN-84-05 . 40 . B . McNut t e t al , "Pattern s o f Vehicl e Misfuelin g i n198 1 and1982 : Where , When , Wha t Vehicle s andHow Often, " Societ y

o f Automotiv e Engineers , Pape r No . 841345 , Octobe r 9 , 1984 . 41 . "Methano l Viewe da s CAF E Bonus, " Automotiv e News . Ma y 27 , 1985 . 42 . Informatio nResource s Inc. , Alcoho l Outlook . Septembe r 1985 . 43 . Applie dEnerg y Services , Inc . andEnergy andEnvironmenta l Analysis , Inc. , "Th e Projecte dImpac t o f Lowe r Oi l Price s o nU.S . Energy Conservation, " prepare dfo r the U.S . Departmen t o f Energy , Ma y 13 , 1987 .



### R- 4P.5 7



### APPENDI XA

MOTO RFUEL CONSUMPTIO

N MODE L STRUCTUR

E AN D METHODOLOG

Y



## A- 1P.5 8



### APPENDI XA MOTO R FUE L CONSUMPTIO NMODE L STRUCTUR E AN

D METHODOLOG

Y

MODE L STRUCTUR E Th e Moto r Fue l Consumptio n Mode l estimate s annua l fue l demand fo r 197 5 throug h 200 0 bycalculating tw o majo r parameters : annua l vehicl e mile s o f trave l (VMT ) an

d averag e on-roa d flee t fue l economy . Th e mode l compute s tota l VM T an d flee t mp g throug

h the us e o f historica l dat a an d futur e estimate s fo r the following variables :

• Th e annua l ne wvehicl e registration s

• Th e surviva l rat e o f ne wvehicles , whic h reflect s thei r retiremen t ove r tim e

• Th e annua l VM T pe r vintag e year , whic h capture s th e effec t o f decreasing VM T pe r vehicl e wit h ag e

• Annua l percentag e chang e i n averag e yearl yVM T pe r vehicl e whic h account s fo r the influenc e o f shifting economi c an d demographi c condition s o n trend s i n trave l behavio r

• Th e ne wvehicl e averag e fue l economie s a s determine d through th e EPAtes t procedure s

• A n on-roa d mp g discoun t factor , whic h account s fo r in-us e driving condition s an d reduce s actua l fue l econom ybelo wthe EP Ates t value *

• Avintag e dependen t mp g discoun t factor , whic h account s fo r th e influenc e o f increasing odomete r (an d change s i n averag e dail ytrave l wit h increasing vehicl e age ) o n fue l econom y Th e mode l i s designe d s o tha t dat a input s ca n var yb yvehicl e categories . Thes e categorie s are :

*EPAha s n o standardize d fue l econom ymeasuremen t procedure s fo r truck s greate r tha n 8,50 0 lb s GVW . Therefore , al l fue l econom yvalue s use d i n th e mode l fo r truck s ove r 8,50 0 lb s GV W ar e on-roa d values .



### A- 2P.5 9



### • Domesti c passenger auto s e Impor t passenger auto s • Domesti c light-dut y trucks , 0-8,50 0 lb s GV W • Impor t light-dut y

trucks , 0-8,50 0 lb s GV W ^ v • Light-heavy-dut y

vehicles , 8,500-14,00 0 lb s GV W - - 0 

### • Medium-heavy-dut y

vehicles , 14,000-50,00 0 lb s GV W 4 * ; . ; • Heavy-heavy-dut y

vehicles , ove r 50,00 0 lb s GV W £(* • "t Sinc e som

e vehicle s operat e fo r u pt o 3 0 year s (a s determine db y the surviva l rate) , dat a fro m 194 6 t o the presen t ar e require dt o projec t th e siz e andcompositio no f the vehicl e flee t an dcomput e th e annua l VMT , flee t fue l economy , andfue l consumption . Annua l highwa y

fue l consumptio ni s calculate dfo r the followin g fue l types : diese l fuel , leade dgasoline , unleade dgasoline , nea t methano l andthe volume s o f ethano l andmethano l blende dwit hgasoline . Thi s disaggregatio nassume s ne w vehicl e diese l andnea t methano l penetratio n rate s whic hvar y

b y vehicl e categor y

an dyear . Th e leaded/unleade d breakou t i s obtaine dfro m dat a o nthe pas t andfutur e ratio no f gasolin e engine s usin g leade dfue l t o tota l new gasolin e engin e registration. Th e estimate s o f ethano l andmethano l blen dvolume s ar e derive dfro m dat a on : 1 ) the averag e alcoho l blen dpercen t o f leade dan dunleade d gasoline s containin g alcohol , and2 ) the share s o f thes e blend s o f the leade dandunleade dmarkets . Th e mode l als o compute s annua l off-highwa y leade dandunleade dgasoline . Thi s calculatio ni s base do nhistorica l (1970-1982 ) dat a o n leaded/unleade dgasolin e usag e i nfou r sector s (agriculture , construc tion , industrial/commercial , marine/recreational/other ) anduse r supplie d annua l growt hrates .

A- 3P.6 0

Th e model' s outpu t include s fo r eac hyea r andvehicle class :

e Averag e on-roa dne w vehicl e fue l econom y e Ne w vehicle registration s with :

• spark ignitio nengine s

- diese l engine s

e Averag e on-roa dflee t fue l econom y e Flee t vehicle registration s with :

• spar k ignitio nengine s diese l engine s

- nea t methano l

• Tota l VM T e Highwa y

fue l consumptio ndisaggregate dby : diese l fue l leade dgasolin e unleade dgasolin e
• nea t methano l

- blen dmethano l blen dethano l Th e outpu t als o include s tota l off-highwa y gasolin e by

yea r disaggregate d b y leade dan

dunleaded .

METHODOLOG Y Thi s sectio nbriefl y describe s the sequenc e o f basi c calculation s use d t o deriv e annua l flee t fue l consumptio nestimates . These estimate s ar e derive dthroug hmathematica l computation s involving :

a Th e ag e distributio no f the vehicle flee t i na give nyea r e Th e fue l econom y characteristic s o f tha t flee t

• Th e trave l characteristic s o f the in-us e fleet , whic hvar y b y the ag e o f th e vehicle s i nthe flee t



### A- 4P.6 1



### Th e model' s calculation s o f th e tota l stock o f vehicle s mus t account fo r eac hyear' s ne

w purchase s inadditio nto resultant flee t turnover . Th e procedur e use

dt o deriv e th e ag e distributio

no f th e vehicl e fleet :

• Take s ne

w registration s fo

r th e 3 0 year s precedin g th e year o f th e analysis ; an

d
• Applie s a margina l surviva l rat e whichreflect s pas t retirement pattern s o f vehicle s a s the y ag e fro m on e yea r t o th

e next . Th e surviva l rat e i s base do nvehicl e ag

e dat a fo

r a singl e historica l perio dan ddoe s no t tak

e into account change s inflee t compositio n whichma

y occu r over time . Separat e surviva l rate s are utilize d fo r passenge r automobiles , light-dut y trucks , an

d heavy-duty

vehicles . Th e mp g performanc e o f th e stock i s directl y relate d to th e fue l econom

y an dag e distributio

no f th e vehicle s inuse . Th e mode l use s fue l econom y informatio

nfo r eac hvintage year t

o determin

e th e average mp

g fo r th e individua l categorie s inth e fleet .

Trave l characteristic s o f th e flee t ar

e directl y

relate d to th e ag e distributio

no f vehicle s an

d th e VM T associate

d wit hth

e ag e o f th e vehicle . Trave l characteristic s are derive d by :

• Takin

g annua l VM

T per vehicl e whichvarie s b y ag e • Applyin

g i t t o th e stock o f in-us e vehicle s t o produc e tota l VM T fo r th e flee t distribute

d b y age • Adjustin

g th e tota l t

o account fo

r year-to-year shift s i n annua l VM

T per average vehicl e whic har e attributabl e to change s ineconomi c an d demographi c patterns , etc . Th e dat a o

ndecreasin

g VM T per vehicl e an

d ag e differ.b

y vehicl e cate gory. 1 

### * Thes e schedule s ar e shifte

d over tim

e t o account fo

r change s i

n th e growthinth

e average annua l VMT/vehicle .

*I naddition , th

e VM T dat a differ fo

r gasolin

e versu s diesel-fuele d heavy-duty

trucks .



## A- 5

### Th e actua l calculatio nprocedure use

d t o deriv e flee t VMT , mpg , an d fue l consumptio

ni nan y give nyear i s describe

d below :

TVMT . --^Y k RG 

### i 1 XPCT 

### i1 t xVMT 

### k1 t xSP 

### k 1 xVMTADJ 

### i where : TVMT . - tota l VM T pe r vehicl e typ

e j (on e o f te n • • categorie s o f motor vehicles ) RG. . - registration s o f vehicle s i nyea r i an d * * vehicl e typ

e j PCT. . - percentage o f registration s o f vehicle s * - i nyear i an d vehicl e typ

e j an d fue l typ e t SP , . - probability o f vehicle s o f age k , J

### vehicl e typ

e j , an d fue l typ

e t survivin

g t o reac hage k+ 1 VMT . . - vehicl e mile s travele d o f age k , vehicl e -* 1 

### typ

e j , an d fue l typ

e t VMTADJ . - annua l growthinVM T pe r average vehicl e

- " typ

e j fro m yea r i- l t

o yea r i

TFC 

### * -??^ R G 

### - - x

### VMTu - x

### VMTADJ , xPCT. . /MPG.. k

### xAD J xMPGINDE

X t i k j i j k j j ijt / lj t where : TF C - tota l fue l consume d o f typ

e t (leaded , unleaded , diesel ) 

### MP G . . - MPGo f registration s o f vehicle s inyea r • * i an

dvehicl e typ

e j an d fue l typ

e t AD J - a noptiona l discount facto r which adjust s th

e EP A MPGt o a non-roa

d MPG *

•Use d onl y fo r car s an

dlight-dut

y truck s les s tha

n8,50 0 lb

s GVW . Fue l econom

y inpu t dat a fo

r other vehicl e categorie s are on-roa d values .



### A- 6P.6 3



### MPGINDE X- a noptiona l facto

r whichadjust s on-roa d mp g to account fo

r increasin

g odomete r an dchange s i

naverag

e daily trave l wit h increasin

g age *

AMP G- TVMT t 

### /SE E (R GxPCT xSP k

### xVMT fc 

### xVMTAD J /MP G

where : AMPG . - averag e flee t MP

Gfo r vehicl e typ

e j

Th e average flee t fue l econom y i s determine

d harmonicall y

inorder t

o calculat e fue l consumption . Th e calculatio

ni s weighted b

y bot hth

e age distributio

no f vehicle s o

nth e roa d an d thei r relativ

e VMT . Thi s weightin

g account s fo

r th e fac t that there are relativel y les s tha

n later mode l year vehicles .

•Use d onl y fo r automobile s du

e t o dat a limitations .



### A- 7P.6 4



### APPENDI XB APRI L 198 7 OUTPU T O F TH E MOTO RFUE L CONSUMPTION MODE L



## B- l198 3

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S HV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HICBWA

Y EP

A MP C

24. 2 30. 5 25. 6 19. 6 27. 1 20. 7 24. 7 ROA

D MP G

21. 0 25. 7 22. 1 16. 8 22. 4 17. 6 21. 3 11. 6 7. 1 5. 8 7. 9 18. 6 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) CAS 6.50 0 2.25 2 8.75 3 1.73 7 0.38 5 2.14 2 10.89 5 0.34 2 0.04 7 0.00 0 0.38 9 11.28 4 DS L

0.09 2 0.08 0 0.17 1 0.12 7 0.04 5 0.17 2 0.34 3 0.07 7 0.05 6 0.07 4 0.20 7 0.55 0 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

18. 6 27. 7 20. 0 14. 4 24. 5 15. 3 19. 0

..... . ROA

D MP C

16. 1 22. 9 17. 2 12. 1 19. 9 12. 9 16. 3 10. 4 6. 0 5. 1 6. 3 14. 3 CA S 86.38 0 20.79 2 107.17 2 27.10 3 3.70 2 30.80 5 137.97 7 2.64 1 2.31 8 0.04 0 4.99 8 142.97 5 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 1.15 7 0.63 1 1.78 9 0.37 3 0.15 8 0.53 0 2.31 9 0.13 0 0.61 2 1.06 7 1.81 0 4.12 8 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 87.53 7 21.42 4 108.96 1 27.47 5 3.86 0 31.33 5 140.29 6 2.77 1 2.93 0 1.10 7 6.80 8 147.10 4

VM T (I N BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y OFF-BV YCAS BWYIOFP-BU

YCAS 991.7 1

268.6 3 1260.3 4 207.0 8 35.7 4 242.8 3 1503.1 7 34.6 7 65.6 5 49.6 3 149.9 4 1653.1 1 LEADE

D

15.84 7 4.29 7 20.14 5 8.36 6 0.45 3 8.81 8 28.96 3 2.73 0 5.86 3 0.09 0 8.68 2 37.64 5 2.30 0 39.94 5 UNLEADE

D

44.64 1 7.09 8 51.73 9 8.44 6 1.27 3 9.71 9 61.45 8 0.41 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.41 2 61.87 0 0.74 8 62.61 9 TOTA

L CAS 60.48 8 11.39 6 71.88 4 16.81 2 1.72 6 18.53 7 90.42 1 3.14 2 5.86 3 0.09 0 9.09 4 99.51 5 3.04 8 102.36 4 (I

N BILLIONS OF GALLONS ) DSL , 0.65 3 0.27 8 0.93 1 0.19 6 0.06 3 0.25 9 1.19 0 0.17 6 4.97 6 9.64 7 14.79 9 13.98 8 BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET B 0.24 3 0.04 6 0.28 9 0.06 8 0.00 7 0.07 4 0.36 3 0.01 1 0.02 4 0.00 0 0.03 5 0.39 8 0.04 5

0.00 7 0.05 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.05 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.05 2 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET H 0.04 5 0.00 7 0.05 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.05 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.05 2 TOTA

L W/AL C 61.42 9 11.72 7 73.15 6 17.07 5 1.79 5 18.87 0 92.02 6 3.32 9 10.86 2 9.73 7 23.92 8 115.95 4 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 4.0 1 0.7 6 4.7 7 1.1 1 0.1 2 1.2 3 6.0 0 0.2 2 0.7 1 0.6 4 1.5 6 7.3 6 0.2 0 6.6 9



### B- 2198 4 P.6 6

HE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGBWA

Y EP

A MP C

25. 3 31. 8 26. 3 19. 0 27. 1 20. 4 23. 1

. . . ROA

D MP C

22. 0 26. 8 23. 0 16. 4 22. 6 17. 4 21. 7 11. 8 7. 3 6. 0 7. 8 18. 3 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) CAS 7.70 3 2.26 6 9.96 9 2.32 7 0.67 7 3.20 4 13.17 2 0.37 2 0.05 6 0.00 0 0.42 9 13.60 1 DS L

0.08 8 0.06 2 0.15 0 0.05 7 0.06 7 0.12 4 0.27 5 0.09 2 0.07 7 0.12 1 0.28 9 0.56 4 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

19. 5 28. 4 20. 9 15. 0 23. 0 16. 0 19. 9 ROA

D MP C

16. 8 23. 4 17. 9 12. 6 20. 5 13. 5 17. 0 10. 7 6. 2 3. 2 6. 5 14. 7 CA S 87.41 8 21.91 6 109.33 4 28.24 2 4.27 0 32.51 2 141.84 6 2.92 0 2.14 7 0.03 3 3.10 2 146.94 9 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 1.23 4 0.68 2 1.91 6 0.42 6 0.22 3 0.64 9 2.36 3 0.22 1 0.63 1 1.12 9 2.00 1 4.36 6 KTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 88.65 2 22.39 8 111.25 1 28.66 8 4.49 3 33.16 0 144.41 1 3.14 2 2.79 8 1.16 4 7.10 4 131.31 5

VM T (IH BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y OFF-BW YCAS HWYIOPF-HV

YCAS 1018.1 4

282.8 4 1300.9 8 222.1 2 42.6 1 264.7 3 1565.7 1 40.4 2 64.4 5 55.1 4 160.0 1 1725.7 2 LEADE

D UNLEADE

D TOTA L

13.71 5 3.81 8 17.33 3 7.61 1 0.44 1 8.05 2 25.58 5 3.01 0 5.23 8 0.07 8 8.32 6 33.91 1 2.84 0 36.75 1 45.82 5

7.91 6 53.74 1 9.65 3 1.54 4 11.19 7 64.93 8 0.46 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.46 2 65.40 0 0.90 2 66.30 2 CAS

39.54 0 11.73 4 71.27 4 17.26 4 1.98 5 19.24 9 90.52 4 3.47 2 5.23 8 0.07 8 8.78 7 99.31 1 3.74 2 103.05 3 (I

H BILLIONS OF GALLONS ) DS L

0.66 1 0.28 7 0.94 8 0.21 1 0.08 6 0.29 8 1.24 6 0.28 8 5.11 8 10.43 9 15.84 5 17.09 0 BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L METH 0.30 0 0.05 9 0.35 9 0.08 7 0.01 0 0.09 7 0.45 5 0.01 5 0.02 6 0.00 0 0.04 2 0.49 7 0.09 2

0.01 6 0.10 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.10 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.10 8 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L METH 0.09 2 0.01 6 0.10 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.10 8 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.10 8 TOTA

L W/ALC 60.39 3 12.09 6 72.69 0 17.36 2 2.08 2 19.64 4 92.33 3 3.77 4 10.38 2 10.51 7 24.67 4 117.00 7 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.9 3 0.7 9 4.7 4 1.1 3 0.1 4 1.2 8 6.0 2 0.2 3 0.6 8 0.6 9 1.6 1 7.6 3 0.2 4 6.7 2



### B- 3198 3

HE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M

0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 3 TOTA L LD T TOTA L LD V

• LD T L T BV YTRUCK S ME D BV YTRUCK S BVYBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BVYTRUC K TOTA L BICBWAY EP A MP G

26. 1 30. 8 27. 2 19. 7 26. 4 20. 8 25. 6 ROA D

MP G

22. 6 26. 1 23. 4 16. 9 21. 9 17. 8 22. 0 12. 1 7. 6 6. 1 8. 2 18. 9 REGISTRATION S

(I N MILLIONS ) CA S 8.17 5 2.77 6 10.95 1 3.07 2 0.83 4 3.90 6 14.85 7 0.46 1 0.05 9 0.00 0 0.52 0 13.37 7 DS L

0.02 9 0.06 2 0.09 1 0.04 6 0.01 4 0.06 0 0.15 1 0.12 7 0.10 2 0.12 3 0.35 2 0.50 3 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 -SP

A MP G

20. 5 28. 9 22. 0 15. 7 25. 4 16. 8 20. 8

.. . ROA D

MP C

17. 5 23. 7 18. 6 13. 3 20. 8 14. 1 17. 6 11. 0 6. 4 5. 4 6. 8 15. 4 GAS

88.54 7 23.43 6 111.98 3 29.85 8 4.97 7 34.83 5 146.81 8 3.27 8 1.98 8 0.03 1 5.29 7 152.11 5 REGISTRATION S

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 1.24 6 0.72 6 1.97 3 0.46 5 0.23 4 0.69 9 2.67 2 0.34 7 0.71 4 1.18 9 2.25 0 4.92 2 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA L

89.79 3 24.16 3 113.95 6 30.32 3 5.21 1 35.53 4 149.49 0 3.62 5 2.70 2 1.22 0 7.54 7 157.03 7

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M

0- 8 TRUC KIM P 0 TOTA L LD T - 8 VM T (I N BILLIONS )

5 5 1061.8 3 310.7 6 1372.5 9 241.0 4 50.0 2 291.0 6 LEADE D

11.90 5 3.48 2 15.38 8 6.78 1 0.42 7 7.20 7 UNLEADE D

47.60 5 9.20 1 56.80 5 11.04 3 1.88 1 12.92 3 TOTA L

CAS 59.51 0 12.68 3 72.19 3 17.82 4 2.30 7 20.13 1 (I N

BILLION S O F GALLONS ) DS L

0.63 9 0.30 3 0.94 2 0.21 7 0.08 3 0.30 0 BLEN D BLEN D HEA T

ETHANO L METHANO L MET H 0.37 2 0.08 0 0.45 2 0.11 5 0.01 4 0.12 9 0.09 6

0.01 9 0.11 5 0.01 1 0.00 2 0.01 3 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA L

MET H 0.09 6 0.01 9 0.11 5 0.01 1 0.00 2 0.01 3 TOTA L

W/AL C 60.61 6 13.08 5 73.70 1 18.16 6 2.40 6 20.57 3 KMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.9 5 0.8 5 4.8 1 1.1 8 0.1 6 1.3 4 TOTA L LD V

+ LD T 1663.6 5 22.59 5 69.72 9 92.32 4 1.24 2 0.58 1 0.12 8 0.00 0 0.12 8 94.27 4 6.1 5 L T HV YTRUCK S 47.5 7 ME D BVYTRUCK S 63.4 8 BV YBVYTRUCK S 56.8 9 TOTA L BVYTRUC K167.9 4 3.33 0 0.52 9 3.85 9 0.43 3 0.02 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.58 1 0.00 0 4.58 1 5.27 6 0.03 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.06 2 0.00 0 0.06 2 10.49 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 7.97 3 0.52 9 8.50 2 16.20 5 0.05 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.31 5 0.2 8 0.00 0 9.88 9 0.6 5 0.00 0 10.55 9 0.6 9 0.00 0 24.76 3 1.6 2 TOTA L BICBWA Y 1831.5 9 30.56 8 70.23 8 100.82 6 17.44 6 0.63 7 0.12 8 0.00 0 0.12 8 119.03 7 7.7 6 OFF-BWYCA S BWYtOFF-BWYGA S 2.99 8 0.86 6 3.86 4 33.56 6 71.12 4 104.69 0 0.2 5 6.8 3



## B- 4198 6

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S ME D BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BIGBWA

Y EP

A MP C

26. 5 31. 3 27. 7 20. 0 25. 7 21. 2 26. 1

..... . ROA

D MP G

22. 9 26. 4 23. 8 17. 1 21. 4 18. 1 22. 4 12. 3 7. 6 6. 3 8. 3 19. 7 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) GA S 8.20 2 3.21 0 11.41 2 3.05 5 1.04 7 4.10 1 13.51 3 0.35 7 0.06 8 0.00 0 0.42 5 13.93 9 DS L

0.01 3 0.02 8 0.04 1 0.03 9 0.02 1 0.08 1 0.12 2 0.10 8 0.09 2 0.10 4 0.30 4 0.42 5 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP G

21. 5 29. 4 23. 0 16. 3 25. 5 17. 3 21. 7 ROA

D MP C

18. 2 24. 2 19. 4 13. 8 21. 0 14. 8 18. 3 11. 2 6. 6 5. 5 7. 0 16. 0 GAS 89.55 8 25.27 8 114.83 3 31.39 7 5.87 9 37.27 7 152.11 2 3.51 8 1.85 0 0.02 7 5.39 8 157.50 8 REGISTRATION S

(I H MILLIONS ) DS L 1.23 4 0.73 1 1.96 5 0.51 4 0.25 2 0.76 6 2.73 0 0.45 1 0.76 4 1.22 8 2.44 3 5.17 4 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 90.79 2 26.00 9 116.80 0 31.91 1 6.13 1 38.04 2 134.84 2 3.96 9 2.61 5 1.25 5 7.83 9 162.68 1

VM T (I H BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V - f LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BIGBWA

Y OFF-BW YGAS BWY&OFF-HW

YCAS 1115.0 6

348.0 7 1463.1 3 262.9 6 61.1 0 324.0 6 1787.1 9 54.1 2 63.7 7 59.3 0 177.1 9 1964.3 8 LEADE

D

10.30 9 3.10 9 13.41 8 6.04 9 0.41 7 6.46 7 19.88 5 3.60 6 4.08 2 0.05 0 7.73 9 27.62 3 2.95 2 30.57 5 UNLEADE

D

49.39 6 10.78 7 60.18 4 12.41 5 2.37 6 14.79 1 74.97 5 0.54 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.54 3 75.51 7 0.91 2 76.42 9 TOTA

L GA S 59.70 5 13.89 6 73.60 2 18.46 3 2.79 3 21.23 8 94.83 9 4.14 9 4.08 2 0.05 0 8.28 1 103.14 1 3.86 4 107.00 5 (I

N BILLIONS O

F GALLONS ) DS L

0.61 3 0.29 8 0.91 0 0.23 2 0.08 7 0.31 9 1.23 0 0.55 7 5.43 4 10.69 6 16.68 7 17.91 7 BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET H 0.59 1 0.14 5 0.73 6 0.21 2 0.02 7 0.23 9 0.97 5 0.06 7 0.07 6 0.00 1 0.14 4 1.11 9 0.27 7

0.07 1 0.34 9 0.08 7 0.00 8 0.09 5 0.44 3 0.04 5 0.05 0 0.00 1 0.09 6 0.53 9 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET H 0.27 7 0.07 1 0.34 9 0.08 7 0.00 8 0.09 5 0.44 3 0.04 5 0.05 0 0.00 1 0.09 6 0.53 9 TOTA

L W/AL C 61.18 6 14.41 0 73.59 6 18.99 7 2.91 3 21.91 1 97.50 8 4.81 7 9.64 2 10.74 8 25.20 8 122.71 5 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.9 9 0.9 4 4.9 3 1.2 4 0.1 9 1.4 3 6.3 6 0.3 1 0.6 3 0.7 0 1.6 4 8.0 0 0.2 5 6.9 8



### B- 5198 7

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BIGBWA

Y KP

A MPG

27. 1 31. 2 28. 2 20. 4 25. 5 21. 4 26. 5

. . . ROA

D MP C

23. 3 26. 3 24. 2 17. 4 21. 3 18. 2 22. 7 12. 5 7. 7 6. 4 8. 3 19. 9 REGISTRATIONS

(I H MILLIONS ) CAS 7.35 6 3.20 0 10.75 6 2.94 3 0.93 2 3.87 6 14.63 1 0.36 3 0.06 6 0.00 0 0.42 9 15.06 1 DS L

0.01 5 0.02 9 0.04 4 0.06 2 0.01 8 0.07 9 0.12 4 0.12 1 0.09 2 0.10 3 0.31 6 0.43 9 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP G

22. 4 29. 8 23. 9 16. 9 25. 5 18. 1 22. 5

..... .

. . ROA

D MP C

18. 9 24. 5 20. 0 14. 3 21. 0 15. 3 18. 9 11. 5 6. 8 5. 6 7. 2 16. 6 GA S 90.22 0 27.07 0 117.29 0 32.75 6 6.64 1 39.39 7 156.68 7 3.74 8 1.72 4 0.02 3 5.49 6 162.18 3 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 1.20 9 0.73 1 1.94 0 0.56 3 0.26 4 0.82 7 2.76 7 0.56 6 0.81 4 1.26 0 2.64 0 5.40 7 MT H

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 91.42 9 27.80 1 119.23 0 33.31 9 6.90 5 40.22 4 159.45 4 4.31 4 2.53 8 1.28 4 8.13 6 167.59 0

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0- 8 TRUC KIM P 0 TOTA L LDT - 8 VM

T (I N BILLIONS )

5 5 1149.6 9 381.2 2 1530.9 1 281.9 7 69.2 5 351.2 2 LEADE

D

9.14 2 2.82 3 11.96 6 5.46 2 0.40 8 5.86 9 UNLEADE

D

50.29 7 12.20 8 62.50 5 13.36 7 2.75 0 16.31 7 TOTA

L CA S 39.43 9 15.03 2 74.47 1 19.02 9 3.13 7 22.18 6 (I

N BILLIONS OF GALLONS ) DS L

0.38 2 0.29 3 0.87 4 0.25 0 0.08 8 0.33 8 BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L METH 0.64 9 0.17 0 0.81 9 0.23 7 0.03 4 0.27 1 0.31 2

0.09 0 0.40 1 0.13 9 0.01 2 0.15 1 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET H 0.31 2 0.09 0 0.40 1 0.13 9 0.01 2 0.15 1 TOTA

L W/AL C 60.98 1 13.58 4 76.36 3 19.65 3 3.29 1 22.94 6 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.9 8 1.0 2 4.9 9 1.2 8 0.2 1 1.3 0 TOTA L LD V + LDT 1882.1 2 17.83 3 78.82 2 96.65 7 1.21 2 1.08 9 0.35 2 0.00 0 0.55 2 99.51 1 6.4 9 L T BV YTRUCK S 58.8 2 ME D BV YTRUCK S 63.1 4 BV YBV YTRUCK S 61.2 7 TOTA L BV YTRUC K183.2 4 3.27 0 1.03 7 4.30 7 0.67 6

3.62 8 0.00 0 3.62 8 3.49 4 0.04 1 0.00 0 0.04 1 10.81 3 6.93 9 1.03 7 7.97 6 16.98 5 0 0 0 0 07 8 07 6 00 1 15 4 0.07 6 0.08 3 0.00 1 0.16 0 0.00 0 0.07 6 5.13 7 0.3 4

0.00 0 0.08 3 9.28 1 0.6 1 0.00 0 0.00 1 10.85 8 0.7 1 0.00 0 0.16 0 25.27 5 1.6 5 TOTA L BIGBWA

Y 2065.3 6 24.77 4 79.85 9 104.63 3 18.19 7 1.24 4 0.71 3 0.00 0 0.71 3 124.78 7 8.1 4 OFF-BW YGA S BWY&OFF-BW

YGA S 2.90 7 0.95 7 3.86 4

27.68 0 80.81 6 108.49 7 0.2 5 7.0 8



## B- 6P.7 0

198 8

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M

0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LD T TOTA L LD V

- r LD T L T BVYTRUCK S ME D BV YTRUCK S BVYHV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWAY EP A MP G

27. 8 31. 2 28. 8 20. 9 25. 2 21. 7 27. 0 ROA D

MP G

23. 9 26. 3 24. 6 17. 8 21. 0 18. 3 23. 1 12. 2 7. 6 6. 2 8. 4 20. 1 REGISTRATION S

(I H MILLIONS ) CA S 7.48 5 3.46 8 10.95 3 3.07 5 0.87 9 3.95 4 14.90 8 0.37 3 0.06 3 0.00 0 0.43 6 15.34 4 DS L

0.01 5 0.03 1 0.04 6 0.06 9 0.01 6 0.08 5 0.13 1 0.13 1 0.09 2 0.10 2 0.32 5 0.45 6 MT H

0.00 0 0.00 0 0,00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP G

23. 2 30. 2 24. 7 17. 5 25. 5 18. 6 23. 3

..... . ROA D

MP C

1-9. 5 24. 7 20. 6 14. 8 21. 1 15. 8 19. 5 11. 6 7. 0 5. 7 7. 4 17. 0 CA S

90.78 3 29.02 5 119.80 8 34.16 8 7.32 0 41.48 8 161.29 6 3.97 2 1.60 6 0.02 0 5.59 8 166.89 4 REGISTRATION S

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 1.16 5 0.72 5 1.89 0 0.61 9 0.27 3 0.89 2 2.78 2 0.68 7 0.86 1 1.28 7 2.83 5 5.61 7 MT H

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA L

91.94 9 29.74 9 121.69 8 34.78 7 7.59 3 42.38 0 164.07 8 4.65 9 2.46 7 1.30 7 8.43 3 172.31 1

VM T (I N BILLIONS ) LEADE

D UNLEADE

D TOTA L GA S FUEL CONSUMPTIO N (I N BILLIONS O

F GALLONS ) MMB / DS L BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T TOTA

L TOTA

L DA Y ETHANO L METHANO

L METH METH W/ALC TOTA L P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M

0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LD T TOTA L LD V

+ LD T L T HV YTRUCK S ME D HVYTRUCK S HVYHVYTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWAY OFF-BWYGA S BWY&OFF-BWYGA S 1154.6 3 407.9 6 1562.5 9 295.3 3 74.7 1 370.0 4 1932.6 3 63.5 2 62.6 0 63.0 0 189.1 3 2121.7 6 8.04 8

2.51 0 10.55 8 4.88 9 0.39 8 5.28 7 15.84 6 2.90 8 3.26 0 0.03 2 6.20 0 22.04 6 2.88 4 24.93 0 49.54 2

13.38 7 62.92 9 14.30 0 3.00 5 17.30 5 80.23 5 1.59 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 1.59 4 81.82 9 0.98 0 82.80 9 57.59 0

15.89 8 73.48 8 19.18 9 3.40 3 22.59 3 96.08 0 4.50 2 3.26 0 0.03 2 7.79 5 103.87 5 3.86 4 107.73 9 0.32 8

0.27 8 0.80 6 0.26 6 0.08 7 0.35 3 1.13 9 0.80 1 3.55 5 10.94 4 17.29 9 18.45 9 0.68 0

0.19 1 0.87 1 0.25 3 0.03 9 0.29 2 1.16 4 0.08 1 0.07 2 0.00 1 0.15 3 1.31 7 0.41 4

0.12 3 0.53 7 0.18 9 0.01 9 0.20 8 0.74 4 0.09 8 0.10 7 0.00 1 0.20 6 0.95 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.41 4

0.12 3 0.53 7 0.18 9 0.01 9 0.20 8 0.74 4 0.09 8 0.10 7 0.00 1 0.20 6 0.93 0 59.21 2

16.49 0 75.70 1 19.89 7 3.54 9 23.44 6 99.14 8 5.48 2 8.99 4 10.97 8 25.45 3 124.60 1 3.8 6

1.0 8 4.9 4 1.3 0 0.2 3 1.5 3 6.4 7 0.3 6 0.5 9 0.7 2 1.6 6 8.1 3 0.2 5 7.0 3



## B- 7P.7 1

198 9

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 3 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S HV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BIGBWA

Y BP

A MP C

28. 4 31. 6 29. 4 21. 4 23. 0 22. 1 27. 5 ROA

D MPG

24. 3 26. 6 25. 0 18. 2 20. 9 18. 7 23. 4 12. 6 7. 7 6. 3 8. 6 20. 3 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) CA S 6.88 3 3.36 8 10.25 0 3.08 3 0.86 4 3.94 7 14.19 7 0.38 2 0.06 0 0.00 0 0.44 2 14.63 9 DS L

0.01 7 0.03 2 0.05 0 0.07 4 0.01 4 0.08 8 0.13 8 0.14 1 0.09 2 0.10 1 0.33 4 0.47 2 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

24. 0 30. 5 23. 3 18. 0 25. 4 19. 1 23. 9

..... . ROA

D MP C

20. 1 25. 0 21. 2 15. 3 21. 0 16. 2 20. 0 11. 8 7. 1 5. 8 7. 6 17. 5 CA S 91.07 6 30.83 8 121.91 4 35.50 0 7.94 7 43.44 6 165.36 0 4.18 6 1.49 4 0.01 7 5.69 6 171.03 7 REGISTRATION S

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 1.10 9 0.71 4 1.82 3 0.67 7 0.28 0 0.95 7 2.78 0 0.81 5 0.90 5 1.30 8 3.02 7 3.80 7 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 92.18 5 31.55 2 123.73 7 36.17 6 8.22 7 44.40 3 168.14 0 3.00 1 2.39 9 1.32 3 8.72 4 176.86 4

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M TRUC KIM P TOTA L LDT 0- 8 0- 8 VM

T (I N BILLIONS )

3 3 1156.3 9 432.1 9 1588.7 8 308.2 6 79.4 4 387.7 0 LEADE

D

7.27 0 2.32 2 9.59 2 4.44 3 0.40 2 4.84 3 UNLEADE

D

48.66 4 14.33 1 63.01 6 14.82 9 3.19 3 18.02 2 TOTA

L GAS 55.93 4 16.67 3 72.60 8 19.27 2 3.59 5 22.86 7 (I

N BILLIONS O F GALLONS ) DS L

0.47 3 0.26 7 0.74 0 0.28 1 0.08 6 0.36 7 BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET H 0.73 2 0.21 9 0.95 1 0.35 7 0.06 6 0.42 4 0.47 4

0.14 7 0.62 1 0.23 0 0.02 8 0.25 8 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET B 0.47 4 0.14 7 0.62 1 0.23 0 0.02 8 0.25 8 TOTA

L W/AL C 57.61 3 17.30 6 74.92 0 20.14 0 3.77 6 23.91 7 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.7 6 1.1 3 4.8 9 1.3 1 0.2 5 1.5 6 TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S ME D HV YTRUCK S HV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y OFF-HW YCAS HWY-.OFF-HW

YCA S 1976.4 8

68.1 8 62.0 8 64.5 0 194.7 6 2171.2 4 14.43 7

2.58 7 2.96 9 0.02 6 5.58 2 20.01 9 2.86 1 22.88 0 81.03 8

2.10 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 2.10 4 83.14 2 1.00 3 84.14 5 95.47 3

4.69 1 2.96 9 0.02 6 7.68 6 103.16 1 3.86 4 107.02 5 1.10 7

0.92 3 5.38 8 11.03 1 17.34 2 18.64 9 1.37 5

0.07 5 0.05 7 0.00 0 0.13 2 1.50 7 0.87 9

0.10 7 0.11 3 0.00 1 0.22 1 1.10 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.87 9

0.10 7 0.11 3 0.00 1 0.22 1 1.10 0 98.83 6

5.79 6 8.72 7 11.05 8 25.58 1 124.41 7 6.4 5

0.3 8 0.5 7 0.7 2 1.6 7 8.1 2 0.2 5 6.9 8199 0

HE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T HV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y EP

A MPG

29. 0 32. 0 29. 9 21. 8 24. 8 22. 4 28. 0 ROA

D MP C

24. 8 26. 9 25. 4 18. 5 20. 7 18. 9 23. 7 13. 1 7. 8 6. 4 8. 8 20. 6 REGISTRATIONS

(I H MILLIONS ) GAS 7.07 9 3.36 6 10.44 5 3.09 1 0.84 7 3.93 8 14.38 3 0.39 1 0.03 8 0.00 0 0.44 9 14.83 1 DS L

0.02 1 0.03 4 0.03 5 0.07 9 0.01 3 0.09 2 0.14 7 0.15 2 0.09 2 0.10 0 0.34 4 0.49 2 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

24. 8 30. 8 26. 3 18. 5 25. 3 19. 6 24. 6

..... .

.. .

..... . ROA

D MP C

20. 6 25. 2 21. 7 15. 8 21. 0 16. 6 20. 5 12. 0 7. 3 5. 9 7. 8 17. 9 CA S 91.54 6 32.54 0 124.08 6 36.76 3 8.52 2 45.28 6 169.37 2 4.39 2 1.39 0 0.01 4 5.79 7 173.16 9 REGISTRATION S

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 1.03 9 0.69 9 1.73 9 0.73 7 0.28 5 1.02 1 2.76 0 0.95 0 0.94 7 1.32 4 3.22 1 5.98 1 KTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 92.58 5 33.24 0 125.82 5 37.30 0 8.80 7 46.30 7 172.13 2 3.34 2 2.33 7 1.33 9 9.01 8 181.15 0

VM T (I N BILLIONS ) LEADE

D UNLEADE

D TOTA L CAS FUE

L CONSUMPTIO

N (I N BILLIONS O

F GALLONS ) DS L BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET H TOTA

L MET H TOTA

L W/ALC MMB /

DA Y TOTA L P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V - r LDT L T HV YTRUCK S MED HV YTRUCK S HV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L BIGBWA

Y OFF-BW YCA S BWY&OFF-BW

YCAS 1162.4 3

453.1 5 1615.5 8 320.5 0 83.8 4 404.3 3 2019.9 1 72.8 4 61.7 0 65.8 3 200.3 7 2220.2 9 6.68 0

2.20 7 8.88 7 4.02 3 0.41 6 4.43 9 13.32 6 2.34 0 2.75 3 0.02 1 5.11 4 18.44 0 2.83 8 21.27 8 48.00 8

15.14 6 63.13 4 15.52 9 3.40 9 18.93 9 82.09 3 2.55 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 2.55 0 84.64 3 1.02 6 85.66 8 54.68 8

17.35 4 72.04 2 19.55 2 3.82 5 23.37 7 95.41 9 4.89 0 2.75 3 0.02 1 7.66 4 103.08 3 3.86 4 106.94 7 0.41 6

0.25 4 0.67 0 0.29 7 0.08 4 0.38 1 1.05 1 1.03 6 5.62 0 11.09 6 17.75 1 18.80 3 0.74 0

0.23 5 0.97 6 0.26 9 0.05 2 0.32 0 1.29 6 0.07 1 0.04 3 0.00 0 0.11 4 1.41 0 0.45 4

0.14 6 0.60 1 0.20 5 0.03 0 0.23 6 0.83 7 0.08 6 0.08 6 0.00 1 0.17 4 1.01 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.45 4

0.14 6 0.60 1 0.20 5 0.03 0 0.23 6 0.83 7 0.08 6 0.08 6 0.00 1 0.17 4 1.01 0 56.29 9 17.98 9 74.28 9 20.32 4 3.99 1 24.31 5 98.60 3 6.08 3 8.50 3 11.11 7 23.70 3 124.30 6 3.6 7

1.1 7 4.8 5 1.3 3 0.2 6 1.5 9 6.4 3 0.4 0 0.5 5 0.7 3 1.6 8 8.1 1 0.2 5 6.9 8



## B- 8199 1

NE W FLEE T EP A ROA D REGISTRATIONS EP A ROA D MP C MPG(IH MILLIONS ) MP C MP C

CA S DS L MTH CA S REGISTRATIONS (I N MILLIONS ) DS L MT H TOTA

L P A DO M 29. 5 P A IM P 32. 2 TOTA L LD V 30. 3 TRUC KDO M 0-8. 3 22. 1 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 3 23. 1 TOTA L LDT 22. 7 TOTA L LD V + LDT 28. 3 L I BV YTRUCK S - MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K 23. 1

27. 1 25. 7 18. 7 21. 0 19. 2 24. 0 13. 5 7. 9 6. 5 9. 0 7.17 3 3.46 3 10.63 8 3.20 6 0.87 9 4.08 4 14.72 2 0.39 3 0.03 7 0.00 0 0.45 2 0.02 5

0.03 7 0.06 2 0.08 2 0.01 3 0.09 6 0.15 8 0.16 1 0.09 7 0.10 2 0.36 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 25. 6

31. 1 27. 0 19. 1 25. 3 20. 1 25. 2 21. 2

25. 4 22. 3 16. 2 21. 0 17. 0 21. 0 12. 2 7. 4 6. 0 8. 0 92.07 5 34.23 7 126.31 2 38.07 8 9.09 8 47.17 7 173.48 9 4.38 4 1.29 6 0.01 2 5.89 2 0.96 5

0.68 2 1.64 7 0.79 6 0.28 9 1.08 5 2.73 2 1.08 9 0.99 1 1.34 0 3.42 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 93.04 0 34.91 9 127.93 9 38.87 3 9.38 7 48.26 2 176.22 1 3.67 3 2.28 7 1.33 2 9.31 2 TOTA L BICBWA

Y 20. 9 13.17 5 0.51 7 0.00 0 18. 3 179.38 1 6.15 2 0.00 0 185.53 3

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M TRUC KIM P TOTA L LDT 0- 8 0- 8 VM

T (I N BILLIONS )

5 5 1169.0 9 473.9 0 1642.9 9 333.1 1 88.2 9 421.3 9 LEADE

D

6.12 0 2.10 0 8.22 0 3.64 2 0.42 8 4.07 0 UNLEADE

D

47.33 6 15.88 6 63.22 2 16.03 0 3.59 5 19.64 5 TOTA

L CAS 53.45 7 17.98 6 71.44 2 19.69 2 4.02 3 23.71 5 (I

N BILLIONS O

F GALLONS ) DS L

0.36 8 0.24 2 0.61 0 0.31 3 0.08 2 0.39 3 BLEN

D BLEN

D HEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L METH 0.73 1 0.24 6 0.97 7 0.27 4 0.05 5 0.32 9 0.55 7

0.18 9 0.74 6 0.24 5 0.04 1 0.28 6 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L METH 0.35 7 0.18 9 0.74 6 0.24 5 0.04 1 0.28 6 TOTA

L W/ALC 55.11 2 18.66 2 73.77 5 20.52 4 4.20 1 24.72 5 MKB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.5 9 1.2 2 4.8 1 1.3 4 0.2 7 1.6 1 TOTA L LD V + LD T 2064.3 9 12.29 0 82.86 7 95.15 7 1.00 4 1.30 6 1.03 2 0.00 0 1.03 2 98.50 0 6.4 3 L T HV YTRUCK S MED HV YTRUCK S HV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L HICBWA

Y OFF-BW YCAS BWY&OFF-BW

YGA S 7 7

6 1 6 7 20 6 227 0 3 5 5 8 1 7 1 0 4 9 2.08 2 2.53 3 0.01 6 4.63 1 16.92 1 2.83 8 19.76 0 2.92 7

0.00 0 0.00 0 2.92 7 85.79 4 1.02 6 86.82 0 5.00 9

2.33 3 0.01 6 7.35 8 102.71 3 3.86 4 106.37 9 1

5 1 1 1 7 1 8 14 8 66 4 15 1 96 3 96 7 0.07 4 0.04 3 0.00 0 0.11 7 1.42 3 0.09 5

0.09 1 0.00 1 0.18 7 1.21 8 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.09 3

0.09 1 0.00 1 0.18 7 1.21 8 6.32 7

8.33 0 11.16 7 23.82 4 124.32 4 0.4 1

0.5 4 0.7 3 1.6 8 8.1 1 0.2 3 6.9 3



### B- 9199 2

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0- 8 TRUC KIM P 0- 8 TOTA L LD T 3

3 SP A MPG

30. 0 32. 4 30. 7 22. 3 25. 3 23. 0 ROA

D MPG

23. 5 27. 2 26. 0 19. 0 21. 1 19. 4 RE

C •ISTRAT K IN S (I N MILLIONS ) GAS 7.37 0 3.46 1 10.83 2 3.32 1 0.91 0 4.23 1 DS L

0.03 0 0.03 8 0.06 8 0.98 5 0.01 4 0.09 9 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA L LD V - > LDT 28. 7 L T HV YTRUCK S MED HV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K 24. 3 15.06 3 0.16 7 0.00 0

13. 9 0.39 9 0.17 1 0.00 0 8. 0 0.05 7 0.10 1 0.00 0 6. 6 0.00 0 0.10 4 0.00 0 9. 2 0.45 6 0.37 6 0.00 0 EP A MP C

26. 4 31. 3 27. 6 19. 6 25. 3 20. 6 23. 8

..... .

..... . ROA

D MP C

21. 8 23. 6 22. 8 16. 7 21. 0 17. 4 21. 4 12. 3 7. 3 6. 1 8. 2 18. 6 CAS 92.73 4 35.82 9 128.58 3 39.43 8 9.67 1 49.10 9 177.69 2 4.76 1 1.21 4 0.01 0 5.98 4 183.67 6 REGISTRATION S

(I RMILLIONS ) DS L 0.89 3 0.66 4 1.35 7 0.83 5 0.29 2 1.14 7 2.70 4 1.23 3 1.03 6 1.33 6 3.62 3 6.33 0 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 93.64 7 36.49 3 130.14 0 40.29 4 9.96 3 50.25 6 180.39 6 5.99 4 2.23 0 1.36 6 9.60 9 190.00 3 TOTA L BIGBWA

Y 21. 2 13.51 9 0.34 3 0.00 0

VK I (I N BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S HV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y « OFF-HW YCA S BWY&OFF-BW

YCA S 1178.6 9

492.2 9 1670.9 9 346.2 6 92.5 5 438.8 1 2109.8 0 81.7 2 61.7 9 68.5 4 212.0 5 2321.8 3 LEADE

D

5.63 8 2.03 9 7.67 6 3.36 8 0.43 7 3.80 4 11.48 0 1.86 3 2.34 9 0.01 2 4.22 4 13.70 4 2.83 8 18.34 2 UNLEADE

D

46.77 4 16.47 5 63.24 9 16.51 3 3.76 5 20.27 7 83.52 6 3.24 4 0.00 0 0.00 0 3.24 4 86.77 0 1.02 6 87.79 6 TOTA

L GAS 52.41 2 18.51 3 70.92 3 19.88 0 4.20 1 24.08 1 93.00 6 5.10 7 2.34 9 0.01 2 7.46 8 102.47 4 3.86 4 106.33 8 (I

N BILLION S OF GALLONS ) DS L

0.32 8 0.23 2 0.56 0 0.32 7 0.08 1 0.40 9 0.96 9 1.25 0 5.72 9 11.20 3 18.18 2 19.15 1 BLEN

D BLEN

D ETHANO L METHANO

L 0.77 2 0.27 3 1.04 4 0.29 7 0.06 2 0.35 9 1.40 3 0.08 0 0.04 2 0.00 0 0.12 2 1.52 6 0.65 8

0.23 4 0.89 1 0.28 8 0.05 2 0.34 0 1.23 1 0.10 5 0.09 4 0.00 0 0.20 0 1.43 1 HEA

T METH 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MBT B 0.65 8 0.23 4 0.89 1 0.28 8 0.05 2 0.34 0 1.23 1 0.10 5 0.09 4 0.00 0 0.20 0 1.43 1 TOTA

L W/AL C 34.16 9 19.25 2 73.42 1 20.79 2 4.39 6 25.18 9 98.61 0 6.54 2 8.21 4 11.21 6 25.97 2 124.58 2 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.5 3 1.2 6 4.7 9 1.3 6 0.2 9 1.6 4 6.4 3 0.4 3 0.5 4 0.7 3 1.6 9 8.1 3 0.2 5 6.9 4

B-1 0199 3

NE W FLEE T r*- .

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LD T TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y BP

A MP G

30. 5 32. 6 31. 1 22. 8 25. 6 23. 3 29. 1 ROA

D MPG

23. 8 27. 3 26. 3 19. 3 21. 3 19. 7 24. 3 14. 2 8. 1 6. 7 9. 4 21. 4 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) GA S 7.56 6 3.35 9 11.12 4 3.43 3 0.94 3 4.37 8 13.50 2 0.40 8 0.05 7 0.00 0 0.46 5 13.96 7 DS L

0.03 4 0.04 1 0.07 6 0.08 8 0.01 4 0.10 2 0.17 8 0.17 5 0.10 5 0.10 6 0.38 6 0.56 4 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

27. 1 31. 6 28. 3 20. 1 25. 4 21. 0 26. 4 ROA

D MP C

22. 3 25. 7 23. 2 17. 1 21. 1 17. 8 21. 8 12. 7 7. 6 6. 2 8. 3 19. 0 GA S 93.54 0 37.40 2 130.94 1 40.84 8 10.24 4 51.09 1 182.03 3 4.93 0 1.14 2 0.00 8 6.08 0 188.11 3 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 0.82 7 0.64 8 1.47 3 0.91 3 0.29 4 1.20 7 2.68 2 1.37 3 1.08 2 1.37 2 3.82 9 6.31 1 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 94.36 7 38.04 9 132.41 6 41.76 1 10.33 8 52.29 8 184.71 5 6.30 5 2.22 4 1.38 0 9.90 9 194.62 4

VM T (I N BILLIONS ) LEADE

D UNLEADE

D TOTA L GA S FUEL CONSUMPTIO N (I H BILLIONS O

F GALLONS ) DS L BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET H TOTA

L MET H TOTA

L W/AL C W O /

DA Y TOTA L P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y OFF-BW YCAS BWY&OFF-BW

YCA S 1189.7 8

510.4 4 1700.2 2 359.9 1 96.7 4 456.6 4 2156.8 6 85.9 7 62.3 1 69.9 0 218.1 8 2375.0 4 5.26 8

1.99 9 7.26 7 3.13 8 0.44 5 3.58 3 10.85 0 1.67 2 2.20 0 0.00 9 3.88 1 14.73 1 2.83 8 17.56 9 46.29 2

17.04 6 63.33 7 16.97 7 3.92 9 20.90 7 84.24 4 3.53 6 0.00 0 0.00 0 3.53 6 87.77 9 1.02 6 88.80 5 51.56 0

19.04 4 70.60 4 20.11 5 4.37 4 24.48 9 93.09 3 5.20 8 2.20 0 0.00 9 7.41 7 102.51 0 3.86 4 106.37 4 0.29 4

0.22 6 0.31 9 0.34 2 0.08 0 0.42 2 0.94 2 1.34 0 3.81 1 11.24 8 18.39 9 19.34 0 0.76 6

0.28 3 1.04 9 0.30 4 0.06 3 0.36 9 1.41 7 0.08 3 0.04 2 0.00 0 0.12 5 1.54 3 0.75 8

0.28 2 1.03 9 0.33 2 0.06 4 0.39 6 1.43 5 0.11 5 0.09 8 0.00 0 0.21 3 1.64 9 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.75 8

0.28 2 1.03 9 0.33 2 0.06 4 0.39 6 1.43 5 0.11 5 0.09 8 0.00 0 0.21 3 1.64 9 33.37 7 19.83 4 73.21 1 21.09 3 4.38 3 25.67 6 98.88 8 6.74 5 8.15 2 11.25 7 26.15 4 125.04 2 3.4 8

1.2 9 4.7 8 1.3 8 0.3 0 1.6 7 6.4 5 0.4 4 0.5 3 0.7 3 1.7 1 8.1 6 0.2 5 6.9 4

B-l l199 4

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KDO ? 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LD T L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S HV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y BP

A MP C

31. 5 32. 8 31. 9 23. 2 25. 8 23. 7 29. 7

..... . ROA

D MP C

26. 3 27. 3 26. 8 19. 6 21. 5 19. 9 25. 0 14. 4 8. 2 6. 8 9. 5 21. 8 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) GA S 7.76 1 3.35 7 11.31 8 3.35 0 0.97 3 4.52 3 15.84 1 0.41 8 0.05 6 0.00 0 0.47 4 16.31 5 DS L

0.03 9 0.04 3 0.08 2 0.09 1 0.01 5 0.10 6 0.18 8 0.17 9 0.11 0 0.10 9 0.39 8 0.58 6 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP G

27. 8 31. 8 28. 9 20. 6 25. 5 21. 4 26. 9 ROA

D MP C

22. 8 25. 9 23. 7 17. 4 21. 2 18. 1 22. 2 13. 0 7. 8 6. 3 8. 5 19. 3 CA S 94.47 8 38.85 4 133.33 1 42.31 2 10.81 0 53.12 3 186.45 4 5.09 0 1.07 7 0.00 6 6.17 3 192.62 8 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 0.77 1 0.63 3 1.40 3 0.96 9 0.29 5 1.26 5 2.66 8 1.51 4 1.13 0 1.38 7 4.03 1 6.70 0 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 95.24 8 39.48 7 134.73 5 43.28 2 11.10 6 54.38 7 189.12 2 6.60 4 2.20 7 1.39 4 10.20 5 199.32 7

VM T (I H BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V - > LDT L T HV YTRUCK S MED HV YTRUCK S HV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y OFF-BW YCAS BWYIOFF-HW

YCA S 1203.7 6

526.2 2 1729.9 9 374.0 1 100.8 7 474.8 8 2204.8 7 90.0 5 63.0 6 71.3 3 224.4 4 2429.3 1 LEADE

D

5.01 6 1.96 7 6.98 2 2.92 3 0.45 2 3.37 5 10.35 7 1.50 8 2.07 4 0.00 7 3.58 9 13.94 6 2.83 8 16.78 4 UNLEADE

D

45.75 9 17.50 7 63.26 6 17.44 9 4.08 5 21.53 4 84.80 0 3.78 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 3.78 3 88.38 2 1.02 6 89.60 8 TOTA

L GAS 30.77 5 19.47 3 70.24 8 20.37 2 4.53 7 24.90 9 95.15 7 5.29 1 2.07 4 0.00 7 7.37 1 102.32 8 3.86 4 106.39 2 (I

N BILLIONS OF GALLONS ) DS L

0.27 0 0.22 0 0.49 0 0.35 6 0.07 9 0.43 5 0.92 5 1.42 5 5.90 7 11.30 0 18.63 2 19.55 7 BLEN

D BLEN

D ETHANO L METHANO

L 0.80 8 0.31 0 1.11 8 0.32 9 0.07 2 0.40 1 1.51 9 0.08 9 0.04 2 0.00 0 0.13 1 1.65 0 0.85 9

0.33 1 1.19 0 0.37 7 0.07 7 0.45 4 1.64 4 0.12 5 0.10 2 0.00 0 0.22 7 1.87 1 HEA

T MET H 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET B 0.85 9 0.33 1 1.19 0 0.37 7 0.07 7 0.45 4 1.64 4 0.12 5 0.10 2 0.00 0 0.22 7 1.87 1 TOTA

L W/AL C 52.71 1 20.33 5 73.04 6 21.43 3 4.76 5 26.19 8 99.24 5 6.93 0 8.12 5 11.30 7 26.36 2 125.60 6 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.4 4 1.3 3 4.7 6 1.4 0 0.3 1 1.7 1 6.4 7 0.4 3 0.3 3 0.7 4 1.7 2 8.1 9 0.2 3 6.9 4



### B-1 2P.7 7

199 3

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 3 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LD T TOTA L LD V •* • LD T L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y BP

A MP C

31. 5 33. 0 32. 0 23. 5 26. 1 24. 0 29. 8

..... . ROA

D MP C

26. 5 27. 6 26. 9 19. 8 21. 7 20. 2 25. 1 14. 6 8. 3 6. 9 9. 6 21. 8 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) CA S 7.85 7 3.63 4 11.31 0 3.66 5 1.00 6 4.67 1 16.18 1 0.42 7 0.03 6 0.00 0 0.48 3 16.66 4 DS L

0.04 3 0.04 6 0.09 0 0.09 4 0.01 5 0.10 9 0.19 9 0.18 3 0.11 4 0.11 3 0.41 0 0.60 9 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 KP

A MPG

28. 5 32. 0 29. 5 21. 0 25. 6 21. 8 27. 4 ROA

D MP G

23. 3 26. 0 24. 1 17. 8 21. 2 18. 3 22. 6 13. 2 7. 9 6. 4 8. 7 19. 7 CA S 93.47 0 40.27 7 133.74 8 43.81 4 11.37 5 35.19 0 190.93 7 3.24 3 1.02 2 0.00 5 6.27 0 197.20 7 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 0.72 4 0.62 2 1.34 7 1.02 4 0.29 6 1.32 0 2.66 7 1.64 9 1.17 8 1.40 6 4.23 3 6.90 0 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 96.19 5 40.90 0 137.09 4 44.83 9 11.67 1 56.51 0 193.60 4 6.89 2 2.20 0 1.41 1 10.30 3 204.10 7

VM T (IH BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S ME D BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BIGBWA

Y OFF-BW YCA S HWYIOFF-BW

YCAS 1218.2 2

542.0 6 1760.2 8 388.2 3 103.1 9 493.4 1 2233.6 9 93.9 7 64.1 3 72.9 1 231.0 2 2484.7 1 LEADE

D

4.86 3 1.94 0 6.80 3 2.71 4 0.46 0 3.17 5 9.97 8 1.35 4 1.96 8 0.00 5 3.32 7 13.30 5 2.83 8 16.14 3 UNLEADE

D

45.32 0 17.96 5 63.28 5 17.94 9 4.2* 6 22.19 6 85.48 1 4.01 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.01 1 89.49 2 1.02 6 90.51 8 TOTA

L GAS 50.18 3 19.90 5 70.08 9 20.66 4 4.70 7 25.37 0 95.45 9 5.36 5 1.96 8 0.00 5 7.33 8 102.79 7 3.86 4 106.66 1 (IH BILLIONS OF GALLONS )

DS L

0.25 7 0.21 8 &*!« ! 0.36 7 0.07 7 

## Ctii* l 0.91 9

6.02 6 [11.37 2 18.903 - 19.82 3 BLEN

D BLEN

D BEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET H 0.80 3 0.32 0 1.12 5 0.33 6 0.07 6 0.41 2 1.53 6 0.09 1 0.04 2 0.00 0 0.13 4 1.67 0 0.96 2

0.38 2 1.34 4 0.42 3 0.09 0 0.51 4 1.85 8 0.13 3 0.10 6 0.00 0 0.24 1 2.09 9 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET H 0.96 2 0.38 2 1.34 4 0.42 3 0.09 0 0.31 4 1.85 8 0.13 3 0.10 6 0.00 0 0.24 1 2.09 9 TOTA

L W/ALC 32.20 8 20.82 5 73.03 3 21.79 0 4.93 0 26.74 0 99.77 3 7.09 6 8.14 3 11.37 7 26.61 6 126.38 9 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.4 1 1.3 6 4.7 6 1.4 2 0.3 2 1.7 4 6.3 1 0.4 6 0.3 3 0.7 4 1.7 4 8.2 4 0.2 5 6.9 6



### B-1 3P.7 8

199 6

HE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED HV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y EP

A MP C

31. 3 33. 0 32. 0 23. 3 26. 1 24. 0 29. 8

..... .

----- - ROA

D MPG

26. 6 27. 6 26. 9 19. 8 21. 7 20. 2 25. 0 14. 7 8. 4 7. 0 9. 7 21. 8 REGISTRATIONS

(I H MILLIONS ) CA S 7.94 4 3.65 2 11.59 6 3.76 3 1.03 3 4.79 6 16.39 2 0.44 1 0.05 6 0.00 0 0.49 7 16.88 9 DS L

0.05 6 0.04 8 0.10 4 0.09 6 0.01 6 0.11 2 0.21 6 0.18 9 0.11 9 0.11 7 0.42 5 0.64 1 MT H

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MPG

29. 1 32. 2 30. 0 21. 4 23. 6 22. 2 27. 8

. - .

----- -

..... . ROA

D MPG

23. 8 26. 1 24. 3 18. 1 21. 3 18. 7 22. 9 13. 5 8. 0 6. 3 8. 8 19. 9 CA S 96.34 0 41.58 8 138.12 8 45.35 6 11.92 7 57.28 3 195.41 1 5.39 1 0.97 5 0.00 4 6.37 0 201.78 1 REGISTRATION S

(I H MILLIONS ) DS L 0.69 8 0.61 5 1.31 3 1.07 8 0.29 5 1.37 2 2.68 8 1.78 2 1.22 8 1.42 5 4.43 3 7.12 1 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 97.23 8 42.20 3 139.44 2 46.43 4 12.22 1 58.65 5 198.09 7 7.17 2 2.20 3 1.42 9 10.80 5 208.90 2

VM T (I N BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y OFF-BW YCA S BWY40FF-BW

YCA S 1234.4 7

555.9 5 1790.4 2 402.6 8 109.4 7 512.1 5 2302.5 7 97.8 0 65.5 1 74.6 1 237.9 2 2340.4 9 LEADE

D

4.78 3 1.93 7 6.72 0 2.61 7 0.47 3 3.08 9 9.81 0 1.21 8 1.89 1 0.00 4 3.11 3 12.92 3 2.83 8 13.76 1 UNLEADE

D

45.14 0 18.39 4 63.53 4 18.44 1 4.41 5 22.85 6 86.39 0 4.24 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.24 1 90.63 2 1.02 6 91.63 7 TOTA

L CA S 49.92 3 20.33 2 70.23 4 21.03 8 4.88 8 23.94 6 96.20 0 5.45 9 1.89 1 0.00 4 7.35 4 103.55 4 3.86 4 107.41 8 (I

N BILLIONS OF GALLONS ) DS L

0.23 3 0.21 9 0.47 4 0.37 7 0.07 6 0.45 3 0.92 7 1.37 4 6.17 0 11.46 2 19.20 6 20.13 3 BLEN

D BLEN

D NEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET H 0.80 1 0.32 6 1.12 7 0.34 1 0.07 8 0.42 0 1.54 7 0.09 2 0.04 1 0.00 0 0.13 3 1.67 9 0.95 5

0.38 9 1.34 4 0.42 6 0.09 4 0.52 0 1.86 3 0.13 1 0.10 2 0.00 0 0.23 3 2.09 6 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MBT H 0.93 3 0.38 9 1.34 4 0.42 6 0.09 4 0.32 0 1.86 3 0.13 1 0.10 2 0.00 0 0.23 3 2.09 6 TOTA

L W/AL C 31.93 4 21.26 6 73.19 9 22.20 3 5.13 5 27.33 8 100.53 7 7.25 6 8.20 3 11.46 6 26.92 5 127.46 2 fat

DA Y TOTA L 3.3 9 1.3 9 4.7 7 1.4 5 0.3 3 1.7 8 6.5 6 0.4 7 0.5 4 0.7 5 1.7 6 8.3 1 0.2 5 7.0 1



### B-1 4P.7 9

199 7

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T HV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y EP

A MP G

31. 5 33. 0 32. 0 23. 5 26. 1 24. 0 29. 8

. . ROA

D MPG

26. 6 27. 6 26. 9 19. 8 21. 7 20. 2 25. 0 14. 9 8. 3 7. 1 9. 8 21. 8 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) GA S 8.03 9 3.74 9 11.78 8 3.86 6 1.06 2 4.92 8 16.71 6 0.43 3 0.03 6 0.00 0 0.30 9 17.22 4 DS L

0.06 1 0.05 1 0.11 2 0.09 9 0.01 6 0.11 5 0.22 7 0.19 4 0.12 4 0.12 0 0.43 8 0.66 6 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

29. 5 32. 3 30. 4 21. 7 23. 7 22. 3 28. 1

.. .

..... .

..... . ROA

D MP C

24. 2 26. 2 24. 8 18. 4 21. 4 19. 0 23. 2 13. 7 8. 1 6. 6 9. 0 20. 2 CA S 97.67 7 42.85 9 140.53 7 46.93 7 12.46 9 59.40 6 199.94 3 3.53 6 0.93 5 0.00 3 6.47 3 206.41 7 REGISTRATION S

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 0.68 0 0.61 2 1.29 2 1.12 9 0.29 3 1.42 2 2.71 3 1.91 0 1.28 0 1.44 7 4.63 7 7.35 2 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 98.35 8 43.47 2 141.82 9 48.06 6 12.76 3 60.82 8 202.65 7 7.44 6 2.21 6 1.45 0 11.11 1 213.76 9

VM T (I N BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S ME D BV YTRUCK S BV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y OFF-BW YCAS HWY&OFF-HW

YGAS 1251.1 7

569.9 1 1821.0 8 417.3 7 113.7 5 531.1 2 2352.2 0 101.5 3 67.1 8 76.4 4 245.1 6 2397.3 5 LEADE

D

4.72 9 1.93 8 6.66 7 2.55 2 0.48 5 3.03 7 9.70 4 1.09 7 1.82 8 0.00 3 2.92 8 12.63 3 2.83 8 15.47 1 UNLEADE

D

45.07 0 18.82 7 63.89 8 18.96 3 4.58 4 23.34 7 87.44 4 4.43 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.43 3 91.89 8 1.02 6 92.92 3 TOTA

L GA S 49.79 9 20.76 3 70.56 5 21.51 3 5.06 9 26.58 4 97.14 9 5.55 0 1.82 8 0.00 3 7.38 1 104.33 0 3.86 4 108.39 4 (I

N BILLIONS OF GALLONS ) DS L

0.25 5 0.22 1 0.47 6 0.38 9 0.07 3 0.46 4 0.94 0 1.63 7 6.33 7 11.37 2 19.54 6 20.48 6 BLEN

D BLEN

D HEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L METH 0.79 9 0.33 3 1.13 1 0.34 8 0.08 1 0.42 9 1.36 1 0.09 2 0.03 9 0.00 0 0.13 2 1.69 3 0.95 1

0.39 5 1.34 7 0.43 0 0.09 7 0.52 7 1.87 4 0.12 8 0.09 8 0.00 0 0.22 6 2.10 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L METH 0.95 1 0.39 5 1.34 7 0.43 0 0.09 7 0.32 7 1.87 4 0.12 8 0.09 8 0.00 0 0.22 6 2.10 0 TOTA

L W/AL C 31.80 4 21.71 3 73.51 9 22.68 3 5.32 3 28.00 5 101.52 4 7.40 7 8.30 3 11.57 4 27.28 5 128.80 9 MMB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.3 8 1.4 2 4.8 0 1.4 8 0.3 5 1.8 3 6.6 2 0.4 8 0.5 4 0.7 5 1.7 8 8.4 0 0.2 5 7.0 7



### 3-1 5P.8 0

199 8

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T HV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y BP

A MP C

31. 3 33. 0 32. 0 23. 5 26. 1 24. 0 29. 7

---.- . ROA

D MP C

26. 6 27. 6 26. 9 19. 8 21. 7 20. 2 25. 0 14. 9 8. 5 7. 1 9. 8 21. 8 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) CAS 8.03 3 3.84 3 11.88 1 3.96 9 1.09 0 3.06 0 16.94 0 0.46 3 0.05 7 0.00 0 0.52 2 17.46 2 DS L

0.06 5 0.05 5 0.11 9 0.10 2 0.01 7 0.11 8 0.23 8 0.19 9 0.12 7 0.12 3 0.44 9 0.68 7 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

29. 9 32. 5 30. 7 22. 0 23. 7 22. 7 28. 4 ROA

D MP C

24. 3 26. 3 25. 0 18. 6 21. 4 19. 2 23. 4 13. 9 8. 2 6. 7 9. 1 20. 4 CA S 98.82 2 44.10 3 142.92 5 48.33 5 13.00 1 61.33 5 204.46 0 5.67 9 0.90 4 0.00 2 6.58 6 211.04 3 REGISTRATION S

(I RMILLIONS ) DS L 0.66 7 0.61 2 1.27 9 1.18 0 0.29 1 1.47 1 2.75 0 2.03 5 1.33 1 1.47 0 4.83 5 7.58 3 MT H

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 99.48 8 44.71 5 144.20 4 49.71 4 13.29 2 63.00 6 207.21 0 7.71 4 2.23 5 1.47 2 11.42 1 218.63 0

VM T (I N BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T HV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YHV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y OFF-HW YGA S BWYtOFF-BW

YCA S 1267.4 9

584.0 7 1851.5 7 432.2 2 117.9 2 350.1 3 2401.7 0 105.1 8 69.1 2 78.4 0 252.7 0 2654.4 0 LEADE

D

4.70 2 1.95 2 6.65 4 2.47 4 0.50 0 2.97 3 9.62 8 1.00 0 1.78 6 0.00 2 2.78 8 12.41 5 2.83 8 13.25 4 UNLEADE

D

45.09 7 19.25 7 64.35 4 19.52 7 4.74 9 24.27 6 88.63 0 4.64 9 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.64 9 93.27 9 1.02 6 94.30 5 TOTA

L GAS 49.79 9 21.20 9 71.00 8 22.00 1 5.24 9 27.24 9 98.25 8 5.64 8 1.78 6 0.00 2 7.43 7 105.69 4 3.86 4 109.33 8 (I

RBILLION S O F GALLONS ) DS L

0.25 7 0.22 3 0.48 3 0.40 3 0.07 4 0.47 8 0.96 0 1.69 8 6.52 7 11.72 0 19.94 4 20.90 5 BLEN

D BLEN

D HEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MET H 0.79 8 0.34 0 1.13 8 0.35 3 0.08 4 0.43 9 1.57 8 0.09 3 0.03 8 0.00 0 0.13 2 1.70 9 0.93 0

0.40 3 1.33 3 0.43 5 0.10 0 0.33 3 1.88 8 0.12 6 0.09 6 0.00 0 0.22 2 2.11 0 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET H 0.93 0 0.40 3 1.33 3 0.43 3 0.10 0 0.53 5 1.88 8 0.12 6 0.09 6 0.00 0 0.22 2 2.11 0 TOTA

L W/ALC 51.80 5 22.17 7 73.98 2 23.19 4 5.50 7 28.70 1 102.68 4 7.56 3 8.44 8 11.72 2 27.73 3 130.41 9 MKB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.3 8 1.4 3 4.8 3 1.5 1 0.3 6 1.8 7 6.7 0 0.4 9 0.5 5 0.7 6 1.8 1 8.5 1 0.2 5 7.1 5



### B-1 6P.8 1

199 9

NE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V + LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MR S HV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L HV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWA

Y EP

A MPG

31. 3 33. 0 32. 0 23. 3 26. 1 24. 0 29. 7

..... .

..... . ROA

D MP G

26. 6 27. 6 26. 9 19. 8 21. 7 20. 2 23. 0 14. 9 8. 3 7. 1 9. 8 21. 7 REGISTRATIONS

(I N MILLIONS ) GA S 8.03 1 3.94 2 11.97 3 4.07 3 1.11 9 3.19 2 17.16 3 0.47 7 0.03 9 0.00 0 0.53 5 17.70 0 DS L

0.06 9 0.03 8 0.12 7 0.10 4 0.01 7 0.12 1 0.24 8 0.20 4 0.13 0 0.12 6 0.46 1 0.70 9 MTH

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

30. 3 32. 6 31. 0 22. 3 25. 8 22. 9 28. 6

..... .

..... .

..... .

..... . ROA

D MP C

24. 7 26. 4 25. 2 18. 8 21. 4 19. 3 23. 6 14. 1 8. 3 6. 8 9. 2 20. 3 CA S 99.97 8 43.31 5 145.29 3 30.15 6 13.32 2 63.67 8 208.97 1 3.82 2 0.88 0 0.00 2 6.70 3 213.67 4 REGISTRATION S

(I N MILLIONS ) DS L 0.63 7 0.61 6 1.27 3 1.22 9 0.28 9 1.31 8 2.79 1 2.15 4 1.38 2 1.49 5 3.03 1 7.82 2 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L 100.63 4 43.93 2 146.56 6 31.38 5 13.81 0 65.19 6 211.76 2 7.97 6 2.26 2 1.49 7 11.73 4 223.49 6

VM T (I N BILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M 0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LDT TOTA L LD V • LDT L T BV YTRUCK S MED BV YTRUCK S BV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA

Y OFF-HW YCA S BWY&OFF-HW

YCA S 1283.1 9

598.7 1 1881.9 0 447.2 5 122.0 1 569.2 5 2451.1 5 108.7 5 71.3 6 80.4 9 260.6 0 2711.7 5 LEADED UNLEADE D

4.69 8 1.97 9 6.67 6 2.44 5 0.51 4 2.96 0 9.63 6 0.90 9 1.76 3 0.00 1 2.67 4 12.31 0 2.83 8 15.14 6 45.20 4

19.69 9 64.90 3 20.09 2 4.91 0 25.00 2 89.90 5 4.84 2 0.00 0 0.00 0 4.84 2 94.74 7 1.02 6 95.77 2 TOTA

L GA S 49.90 2 21.67 8 71.57 9 22.53 7 5.42 4 27.96 1 99.54 0 5.75 1 1.76 3 0.00 1 7.51 6 107.05 6 3.86 4 110.92 0 (I

RBILLION S OF GALLONS ) DS L

0.26 1 0.23 2 0.49 3 0.41 6 0.07 4 0.49 0 0.98 3 1.73 5 6.74 1 11.90 6 20.40 3 21.38 7 BLEN

D BLEN

D HEA T ETHANO L METHANO

L MBTH 0.80 0 0.34 7 1.14 7 0.36 3 0.08 7 0.43 0 1.59 8 0.09 4 0.03 8 0.00 0 0.13 2 1.73 0 0.95 2

0.41 1 1.36 3 0.44 2 0.10 4 0.54 6 1.90 8 0.12 4 0.09 5 0.00 0 0.21 9 2.12 7 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA

L MET H 0.93 2 0.41 1 1.36 3 0.44 2 0.10 4 0.34 6 1.90 8 0.12 4 0.09 5 0.00 0 0.21 9 2.12 7 TOTA

L W/ALC 51.91 5 22.66 7 74.58 2 23.73 9 5.68 9 29.44 8 104.03 0 7.72 3 8.63 7 11.90 8 28.27 0 132.30 0 MKB /

DA Y TOTA L 3.3 9 1.4 8 4.8 6 1.3 5 0.3 7 1.9 2 6.7 9 0.3 0 0.3 6 0.7 8 1.8 4 8.6 3 0.2 3 7.2 4



### B-1 7200 0

HE W FLEE T

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M

0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LD T TOTA L LD V

+ LD T L T BV YTRUCK S ME D BV YTRUCK S BVYBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L HIGHWA Y BP A MF C

31. 3 33- 0 32. 0 23. 3 26. 1 24. 0 29. 7

..... .

.. . ROA D MP C

26. 6 27. 6 26. 9 19. 8 21. 7 20. 2 23. 0 14. 9 8. 3 7. 1 9. 8 21. 7 REGISTRATION S

(I B «LLIOHS ) CA S 8.027 4.03 8 12.06 6 4.17 6 1.14 8 3.32 3 17.38 9 0.48 9 0.06 0 0.00 0 0.54 9 17.93 8 DS L

0.07 3 0.06 1 0.13 4 0.10 7 0.01 7 0.12 3 0.25 9 0.21 0 0.13 4 0.12 9 0.47 3 0.73 2 MT B

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 EP

A MP C

30. 3 32. 7 31. 2 22. 5 23. 8 23. 1 28. 8

..... . ROA D

MP C

24. 9 26. 3 23. 4 19. 0 21. 3 19. 3 23. 7 14. 2 8. 3 6. 8 9. 3 20. 6 GA S 101.13 3 46.30 5 147.63 8 91.80 3 14.03 1 65.83 6 213.47 4 3.96 5 0.86 3 0.00 1 6.82 9 220.30 3 REGISTRATION S

(I RMILLIONS ) DS L 0.63 2 0.62 6 1.27 8 1.27 8 0.28 6 1.36 4 2.84 2 f 2.289 1 i 1.43 3 

### liiSSU L TJST223 I 8.06 3 MT H

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA L 101.78 3 47.13 1 148.91 6 33.08 2 14.31 8 67.40 0 216.31 6 8.23 4 2.29 5 1.52 3 12.05 2 228.36 8

VM T (I RBILLIONS )

P A DO M P A IM P TOTA L LD V TRUC KDO M

0-8. 5 TRUC KIM P 0-8. 5 TOTA L LD T TOT.A L LD V - r LD T L T BV YTRUCK S ME D BV YTRUCK S HV YBV YTRUCK S TOTA L BV YTRUC K TOTA L BICBWAY OFF-BWYGA S HWYIOFF-BWYGA S 1298.2 1 613.8 6 1912.0 7 462.3 2 126.1 8 588.5 0 2500.5 7 112.2 7 73.8 6 82.7 5 268.8 9 2769.4 6 LEADE D UNLEADE D TOTA L

4.71 1 2.01 7 6.72 8 2.43 3 0.53 0 2.96 4 9.69 3 0.83 2 1.75 6 O.OO I 2.59 0 12.28 2 2.83 8 13.12 1 43.37 7

20.13 4 63.53 2 20.66 0 5.07 3 25.73 2 91.26 4 5.03 3 0.00 0 0.00 0 3.03 3 96.29 7 1.02 6 97.32 3 CA S

30.08 9 22.17 1 72.26 0 23.09 4 3.60 3 28.69 7 100.93 7 5.86 5 1.75 6 0.00 1 7.62 2 108.58 0 3.86 4 112.44 3 (I RBILLION S O F GALLONS )

OS L

0.26 8 0.23 9

# f?>T0.42 8 0.07 4 

# £ M 1.00 9 

### S^Oini] I 6.97 9 112.13 3 | 20.92 3 21.93 2 BLEN D BLER D HEA T

ETHANO L METHANO L MET H 0.80 3 0.33 5 v 1.15 8 0.37 2 0.09 0 0.46 2 1.62 0 0.09 6 0.03 8 0.00 0 0.13 4 1.75 3 0.95 5

0.42 0 1.37 3 0.45 0 0.10 7 0.55 7 1.93 2 0.12 3 0.09 4 0.00 0 0.21 7 2.14 9 0.00 0

0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 TOTA L

MET H 0.95 5 0.42 0 1.37 3 0.43 0 0.10 7 0.35 7 1.93 2 0.12 3 0.09 4 0.00 0 0.21 7 2.14 9 TOTA L

W/AL C 32.11 4 23.18 6 73.30 0 24.34 4 5.87 4 30.21 8 105.51 8 7.89 4 8.86 8 12.13 4 28.89 6 134.41 4 M O /

DA Y TOTA L 3.4 0 1.5 1 4.9 1 1.5 9 0.3 8 1.9 7 6.8 8 0.5 1 0.5 8 0.7 9 1.8 8 8.7 7 0.2 5 7.3 3



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