SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCI’ION Engineerin -Science (ES) wasdirected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 55

missions Measurement Branch (EMB) (Subcontract No. 2-89- 0055)to conduct testing to determine the relatronshr Virgmia Polytech Institute and State Universrty (VP 8 of results, rf any, between the samplmg method and EPA Methods 56/28. A second art of the testing pro Butte, Colorado elevation - YITO 9 feet. The effects oI?am wasconducted at Crested

elevation on both particulate and Carbon Monoxide (CO) emissions,the emissions of regular cordwood versus Method 28 testfuel, and the emission of a low tech (Ashle cr Oval) stovewere to be examined in conjunction with the VP1versus EPA Metho 5G study. TEST PROGRAM RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK. NORTH CAROLJ’NA The first seriesof testswere conducted at the ES Wood Stove Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, NC (elevation -300 feet), between September 21 and October 10, 1989. This test seriesconsisted of eight test daysfor the Modified SweetHome AK-18, S.N. 0662and ei t test daysfor the Modified Country Comfort CC-150, S.N. 7504865CC. (!tl esewood stovesare the samestovesused for the 1988and 1989laboratory accreditation test aswell asthe elevation testmg at Mt. Mitchell, NC in the fall of 1988). Each test day was approximately 10hours m length. Each test included (2) EPA Method 5G trains and (2) VPI trains; all four trains were run simultaneously. The testswere started after a pre-bum and followed EPA Method 28with two major exceptions. The exceptions being:

_1. When the fuel crib had burned to zero wei t a new fuel crib (or partial fuel crib) was added sothat the stove coulBburn at the desired rate for approximately 10hours. 2. If it wasdetermined that the final fuel crib would not be consumed within 11-12total test hours, the primary air wasfully opened to speedthe process. JEST PROGRAM CRESTED BUTTE. COLORADO The testprogram conducted at CrestedButte, elevation -8900 feet, consisted of three 70 hour test seriesusing four wood stoves. The wood stovesusedwere:

n SweetHome AK-18 S.N. 0662

n colmtly comfort cc-150 S.N. 750-4865 CC

n Haughs S-173E

n Ashley Oval (provided on site) S.N. 792570 S.N. (unknown)

123.40 lA.RFT l-l. The cordwood testing at Crested Butte wasdone by the following protocol:

l The test daystartedwhen the sample trains were turned on.

n Cold m (first dayof each six daytest series)the sampling trains were startedjust prior to starting the fire.

n Hot (re maining da of eachtest series) the woodstoveswerekept burning through the ni t to retain heat in the woodstove after each test day,to insure us o$a hot start. The trains were startedjust prior to loading the stovewith the first day charge.

n The test day endedwhen the desired length of the test day had passed.
a The fuel weight at the end of the test daywasalwaysapproximately the same asthe weight at the start of the day (before an wood wasadded).

n Logswere placed in the stoveafter testing to keep ti e stove hot through the night.

l Four wood stoveswere testedduring the first two test series by the method above.

n For the third testseries Haughes and Ashley were tested asoutlined above. The Country Comfort and the SweetHome AK-18 were testedfor four days each, during the third testseries,rrsingthe same Modified EPA 28 described as being used m the ES’s RTP facility. Engineering-Science,has done many wood stove testusing dual.Method 5G sozeyhngtrams. The emrssronratesfrom eachtram are typrcally wnhm 10% of each

. The 16dual VP1 teststhat were done at ES’s RTP facility showed the VP1 emission rates for eachtrain to be comparable. The dual tram SG and VP1 results are shown in Tables 22 and 2.3 of this re ort. Based on the RTP results it was concluded that one Method 5G and one prpI could be used for each stove. The Method SG and VP1 sampling trains were run simultaneously. The Sample Trains were recovered daily during the Modified Method 28 Testin daily. 8: . Durmg the 70hour cordwood tests,the Method 5G filters were recovered owever,the probe and front filter bell were not recovered until the end of the 70 hour test series. The VP1 samplerswere setat a 8 milliliters er minute flow rate for the 70 hour cordwood tests,and at 60miili\iters per minute P or the Modified EPA Method 28 Tests.

~123.40 aMtFT l-2TEST RESULTS

The basic findings of the study are: VP1 Versus EPA Method 5G Rest& The results of the VP1versus Method 5G are presented in Fi re l-l. The VP1 Train alwaysgives a higher emission rate than Method 5G using t e actual fY calculated emission rates,before corrections, for each train. However, the VP1 emission rate can be corrected to Method 5G and 5G adjusted emission rateswith good correlation. The equations for converting VP1 results to 5G or 5G adjusted to 5H are given below. For VP1 to 5G: 5G = (0.712)(VPI ACIUAL)-.261 The Limits of Prediction of Y for a given X (LPY for X) = 1.47 R Squared = 0.973 Number of Observations = 50
For VP1 to 5G (Adjusted): SG(Adj) = (0.728(VPI Actual) + 1.095 LPY for X = 1.48 R Squared = 0.974 Number of Observations = 50 Effect of Elevation on Carbon Monoxide Emission Rates The Carbon Monoxide (CO) results are calculated in gm/hr by the VP1 Sampler program. Elevation doesnot seemto make a significant difference aslong asthe burn rates are equal see Figure 1.2. However, it is not possible to achieve burn rateswith the two woodstovesthat were tested at the two higher elevations. Effect of Elevation on Particulte Emission Rates The AK-18 and CC-150were tested using a modified Method 28, in the ES Woodstove Lab and at Created Butte. The same stoveswere tested at Mt. Mitchell, NC using Method 28. The lab elevation is -300 feet. Mt. Mitchell was -5800 feet and Crested Butte was -8900 feet.

l-3The results showthe emission rate is related to the bum rate. While a higher

elevation decreasesthe maximum burn rate, higher elevation doesnot significantly change the emission rate for a given burn rate. Use of Cordwood Versus Method 28Tti Fuel The cordwood wasto be representative of typical wood burned in Crested Butte. The cordwood burned during the testswasa mixture of spruce and pine which were taken fkom the forest asstanding deadwood. The standing deadwood had ap seriest!lroximately 8-12% moisture on a 9 basis. During the second and third test e standing deadwoodwasmixed wrth fresh cut Dou 30-55% moisture on a dry basis. The cordwood supplier incftasfir of ap ‘cated that tLroximately

‘s mixture wasnormal firewood for Crested Butte. The daily values for the cordwood testsinclude only the filter wei are therefore somewhat lower than actual (~5%). In addition, it can % ht gain and e seenthat cordwood and normal operating practicesseemto adverse1 affect the AK-18 emissions. The AK-18 averaged 10.2gm/hr with cordwooCT versus 2.3 gm/hr using Modified Method 28. The CC-150 averaged21.3gm/hr with cordwood and 19.7 R /hr with Modified Method 28. The S-173-Eaveraged 13.9gm/hr with cordwood. e S-173E avera ed during the 1990la% 13.2gm/hr during its baseline testing at 300 feet elevation,

oratory accrediation program, using Methods 5G/28. The Ashley average29.3gm/hr with cordwood. The Ashley wasonly testedwhile burning cordwood at CrestedButte. The above values are basedon Method 5G adjusted values to 5H equivalent. This report is organized asfollows:

n Section 1 Introduction

n Section 2 Summary and Discussion of Results

n Section 3 Test Facilities and Methods

n Section 4 Wood Heater Specific Information

n Section 5 Includes all Appendices

w Appendix A VP1 Method Sampler Operational and

Procedures.

e Appendix B Equipment QA/QC and Calibration

- AppendixC VP1 GasAnalysis Results

- AppendixD Sample Blanks Appendix E Graph Values and Formulas

- Appendix F Pro ortionali Data and All Raw Run Data for

EatY3 AK-18 i! estConducted in ES Woodstove Lab

x23.40 slA.Fwr 1-6- Appendix G Proportionality Data and Ah Raw Run Data for Each CC-150Test Conducted in ES Woodstove Lab Appendix H Proportionality Data and All Raw Run Data for

the CC-150Testsat Crested Butte

- Appendix I Proportionality Data and Ail Raw Run Data for

the AK-18 Tests at Crested Butte

- Appendix J Proportionality Data and AI1 Raw Run Data for

the S-173ETests at Crested Butte Appendix K Proportionality Data and AlI Raw Run Data for

the Ashley Oval Tests at Crested Butte
Due to the large volume of data generated this report is divided into 2 volumes. Volume 1contains Section 1,2,3and 4 plus Section 5Appendices A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Volume 2 contains Section 5 Appendices H, I, J and K.

0123.40 I5lA.RP-r l-7SECTION 2.0 SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
The Test Program consistedof two parts. The first part was conducted at the Engineerin %1

-ScienceWoodstove Test Facility in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, w ‘ch is at a determine if the VP1f proximately 300feet elevation. The objective wasto

estMethod, asused in the 1988-1989Crested Butte, Colorado study,wascorn used for woodstove arable to the USEPA Methods 28/5G presently being

ce rd cation and laboratory accreditation. The previously testedwoodstovesSweetHome AK-18 Seria.l# 0662 and the Country Comfort CC-150 Seria.l# 790-4865CCwere tested at R.T.P. for a total of eight test runs each. The burn rateswerevaried in an attempt to have two test runs
. at each of the four bum rates. However; the highest burn rate achieved for either stovewas 1.88(kg/hr) kilor per hour compared to 1.32(kK /hr) at Crested Butte. The results of this t test seriesare presented in Tab e 2.1. It will be noticed that the VP1method always reduced an actual emission rate which was higher than the actual Method 5G CJ OT ADJUS emission rate. TED TO 5H EOUlVALENT)
Based on the good correlation found between the Method 5G and VP1 testsas shown in Figure 2.1. It wasdecided too proceed to Crested Butte, Colorado for the second part of this testprogram A more detailed report of the test results can be seenin Tables 2.2,2.3,2.4 and 2.5. Table 2.2 showsthe detailed results of the Method 5G testing with calculated emission rates of the VP1 sam lers for eachtest of the SweetHome AK-18. Table 2.4 showsthe results for each 6-P I test of the AR-18 done in ES’s RTP laboratory facility. Tables 2.3 and 2.5 likewise showa detailed breakdown of results for each RTP test run of the Country Comfort CC-150. The second part of the 

### test program wasthe determination of elevation effects on the amount of carbon monoxide and particulate emitted by awoodstove. Also the comparison of data on burning cordwood versus crib wood. The average carbon monoxide value for each VP1 test run wasdetermined by analyzing the tanks gases.The results of these testsare shown in Table 2.6. Figure 2.2 showsthe results in graphic form. It can be seenthat the effect of elevation seemsto be fairly small when the burn rate is taken into account. Due to the limited number of testsand burn rates at Crested Butte the graph is mainly of value asvisual aid.

23.40A.RFTThe results of the Crested Butte portion of the testprogram are presented in Tables 2.7 through 2.11. Table 2.7 presentsdetailed Method 5G results with calculated VP1 results for the SweetHome AK-18. Table 2.8 shows results for the Country Comfort CC-150. Table 2.9 showsresults for the Haughes S-173and Table 2.10is results for the Ashley Oval. Table 2.11presentsthe details of all the VP1 testsat Crested Butte.

2-lTo look at elevation effectson the emission rates of the Sweet Home AK-18

and the Country Comfort CC-150 the emission ratesfrom the 1988Studyat Mt. Mitchell using Method 28 and 5G (elevation - done at the RTP laborato 5800feet) is compared with the tests



### - 8900feet). The testsat% (elevation - 300 feet) and at Crested Butte (elevation 

### TP and Crested Butte were in conjunction with the VP1 study and were done using a modified Method 28 lasting approximately ten hours for each run. It should be noted that the limited number of testsand burn rates at Crested Butte tend to showthe trend line more than the other two. This is most apparent with the CC-150. Fi 2.4 showsresults for the CC-1 Y e2.3 showsthe results for the AK-18 while Figure 0. The actual numbers and formulas usedto Lll ,eneratethe graphs can be found in Appendix E. It can be seen based on the fairly ‘ted number of testsfor each condition that elevation, while affecting obtainable bum rates,does

### not significantly affect emission ratesfor a given bum rate. The second question asto the effect of burning regular cordwood usin normal house heating operatin

E procedures showsa major affect to the catalytic Ak -18’s emissions asshown in igure 2.5. Figure 2.6 showsthe results for the CC-150. The cordwood results are skewedbytwo relatively low emission rates at low bum rates. Without these two, it appearsthat cordwood would give ap roximately the same expected emission rates asMethod 28. 

### Figure 2.7 depicts ti?l e results for the Hau hes S-173E. The RTP lab baseline test results arefrom the woodstove’s En base ’ e testing for use in the laborato

# 7accreditation program which use Method 

### 28. It can be seenthat cordwood and e evation doesn’t appear to significantly affect emissions for that woodstove. Figure 2.8 showsthe emission ratesfor the Ashle J Oval, awoodstove which was typical of woodstovesused in Crested Butte prior to e 1989heating season. Table 2.12 provides a listin of the individual testsfor which a roblem was encountered (C-3-3 the fan bro& e), or there wasa deviation from tg Trains off for 20 minutes between fuel cribs). e method (SH-1 Most of the method deviations were a failure to have the sampling proportionality ratio between 90 and 110%. It should be noted that only one of the deviation (SH-3) would have significantly affected the 

### test results if it were 

### included. Since it was a obvious outlier it was not used.

123.40 L4.m 2- 15

### Test

SH-1

SH-3

SH-6

SH-7

Test (X5-1

cC5-3 Table 2.12 TEST SPECIFIC METHOD DEVIATIONS AND RESOLUTIONS
TESTING PHASE ONE RTP. NORTH CAROLINA

Sweet Homk AK-18
Descrintion of deviation First crib weight went to zero before another crib wasready.

The catalyst did not light off during the first crib.

A drop of condensatewasin the VPIdA probe’s swagelocconnector.
Found the drop of condensate in the VPI-7A probe. Effect on Results and Resolutions Results not significantly effected. Turned all samplin minutesf trains off (20 until next crib wasready VP1vs5G results not effected. Emission rates were not used for cordwood to Method 28 comparisons. Results not significantly effected. Corrected the probe’s final weight. Results not significantly effected. Corrected the probe’s initial weight.

Countrv Comfort CC-150
Descrintion of deviatios Small tank leak for VPI-1G Effect on Results and Resolution3 Results not sign&antIy effected. Resealed the tank before using again. Small leak at evacuating quick-connect. Results not significantly effected fixed the leak.

123.40 ~lA.FPr 2-22Table 2.12 (Continued) : TESTING PHASE TWO CRESTED BUTJYE, COLORADO

gweet Home AK-18
Test Descrintion of deviation Effect on Results and Resolutions B-3-4 1 Proportionality Ratio over 110% f;;.2dnot significantly

.

Countrv Comfort CC-150


### Test Descrintion of deviation A-l VP1 probe broke at the test

seriesend while trying to remove it from the stack.

A-l-5 The stove would not burn

- properly.

A-2-3 Tunnel flow average

125.7DSCFM. A-2-4 Tunnel flow average

125.6DSCFM. A-3-l Secondarydidn’t light

off properly for first 9 hours of test.

123.40 LA.m 2-23 Effect on Results and Resolutions The robe’s interior was brusf ed and rinsed with acetone. Did not signiticantly effect the results. The by- asswas opened for last sM hours of test day to promote burning. Insulation was found to be blocking the secondary air. The msulation wasmoved to prevent blockage. 

### F$mlisdnot significantly

. t;;,e;dnot significantly

. t+.~.;dnot significantly

.Table 2.12 (Continued) .



### Test c-3-3

c-3-3



### Test D-l

D-l-2 D-l-3 D-l-3
D-l-4 D-1-5 D-l-6
D-2-l D-2-2 D-2-3

D-2-S Hawhe’s S-173E

Descriotion of deviation Effect on Results and Resolutions Dilution tunnel fan broke in middle of test day. Results not significantly effected. Turned the trains off and emptied stove. Fixed the fan restarted the trains and the stove. 1 Pro ortionality ratio of 88 0. gr f;.isdnot significantly

. Ashlev Oval
Descrintion of deviation Effect on Results and Resolutions VP1 probe broke at the testseries end. Results not significantly effected. The probe’s interior wasbrushed and rinsed with acetone. 2 ProIT rotionality ratio over 10% 2 Proprotionality ratio over 110% Tunnel flow average 122.2DSCFM lX$wl~dnot significantly IJ;;si;dnot significantly le&erdnot significantly

. 1 Proprotionality ratio over 110% 2 Proprotionality ratio over 110% 2 ProPrationality ratio over 10% Tunnel flow 125.8DSCFM 3 Proprotionality ratio over 110% 1 Proprotionality over 110% Tunnel flow 123.2DSCFM 1 Proprotionahty ratio over 110% 1 Proprotionality under 90% 2 Proprotionality over 110% Rx?x$sdnot significantly f+.r.Fdnot significantly l?;;?;dnot significantly

. lJ;;xsFdnot significantly le!erdFdnot significantly Re~X~dnot significantly l$;z;dhot significantly ~&te~e;.&s not significantly r;ed;lts not significantly

.

m3.40 3lA.RrT 2 - 24Table 2.12 (Continued) .

I Ashlev Oval Kontinuedj
Test D-3-l D-3-2 D-3-5 D-3-7 Description of deviation

1 Proprotionality over 110% 2 Proprotionality over 110% 2 Proprotionality over 110% 1 Proprotionality under 90% 1 Proprotionality over 110% Effect on Results and Resolutions IVVeylts not significantly T;e;Bults not significantly F;ezLlts not significantly No effect. Ashley Footnote: The burn rate could not be controlled. When the burn rate wasvery high the dilution tunnel temperature also wasquite high. This higher tern erature caused the fan to pull lesstunnel gasat standard conditions than it woul B at lower temperatures. The lower tunnel flow rate (DSCFM) causedthe proportionality ratio’s to be to high.

‘123.40 ;lA.RP-r 2-25SECTION 3 TEST FACILITIES AND METHODS
‘Iwo test facilities were used for the EPA Method SGversus the VP1 Sampling Method Comparison study. They were Engineering-Science’s Wood Stove Test Laboratory Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and a leasedfacility located in Crested Butte, Colorado. For cordwood versus EPA Method 28 at elevation comparison p brogram are inc uded for the SweetHome AK-18 and

“p oses,results from the 1988Mt. Mitchell North Carolina test Coun% comfort cc-150. igures 3.1 and 3.2presentsthe RTP wood stove laboratory. igures 3.3 and 3.4 show the Mt. Mitchell facility. While Figure 3.5 showsa overview of the Crested Butte facility. Figure 3.6showsthe individual stove’stest configuration for the Crested Butte test series. Test Methods Used For PhaseOne (Method 5G versusWI Method) Modified Method 2I$ Method 28 wasstrictly followed exceptfor the following modifications. Dr. Jaasmaof VP1 determined that the VPXsampler should be operated at a maximum flow rate of 60 milliliters per minute. This wasbasedon their maximum flow rate durin halft% prior testing. The desired samplevolume, of 34 liters, is approximately one evacuum tanks capacity. If the sample is too small there are problems with: 1. Removing the stackgasfrom the evacuated tank for analysis. 2. Very low weights of the individual sample components. Ifthesampleistool longer acts asa critical 0

3 e,when the vacuum becomestoo low, the valve no ’ ce, causea biased sample. and the sample flow rate will decrease. This will
Based on these considerations, the sample flow rate and total sample volume, wasdetermined for each testrun should be asnear to 10hours in length aspossible. The maximum crib weight for the AK-18 is 7 kilograms, while the CC-150 is 5.3 kilograms. The maximum burn rate sustainable for the AK-18 would be lessthan 0.7kilograms per hour over 10 hours, for one crib of maximum weight. Therefore; while the start of a testwasthe same asfor a stove certification test when the crib weight was reduced to zero a new crib (or partial crib asneeded to reach zero at the end of 10hours) wasadded Ifit wasdetermined after 9 hours the crib would not reach zero in 10hours, the primary air wasfully opened to increase the burn rate. The testwas endedwhen the final crib, or partial crib, weight had been reduced to zero.

~123.40 ~LazPT 3-1Method 5G

Method 5G wasstrictly followed for this test series. The dual sampling trains were operated continuously from just before the first crib wasadded until the last crib or partial crib weight wasreduced to zero.

dual Method SGtrains asused for the AK-la. hhll . Figure 3.9 depict the vertical duct ’ 3.10 showsthe dual tram/horizontal duct asused for the CC-150. e Figure Figure 3.7 is a schematic of the Method SG samplin program. Figure 3.8 de

Picts the dual 4” filter holder and train asused for this test probe assembl

I Sampling Method Figure 3.11provides a schematic of the VP1 sampling train asused by Engineering-Science for this testprogram. Figure 3.12 de can be noted that ti icts the VP1 sampler asused in the homes of Crested Butte. It

e major difference is that the in home sampler is turned on and off based on a set stacktemperature. Whereas the VP1 samplersfor this program were turned on manually to run simultaneously with the Method 5G sampling trains. Sampler Setup: Evacuate sampler to at least 0.3”Hg absolute. Renew the desiccant (

### l Drierite). Weigh connector table, Teflon line and probe (use anti-static device). Assemble pre-weighed filters, line and probe (line should impinge against the inside wall of the trap about 1to 2 mches above the trap’s bottom.) Install filter set and to be lessthan 1inci erform leak check at 4 inches water (leak rate needs

per minute). Set sampler flow rate using rotometer. Make sure 2 wayvalve is closed. Cap probe. Recheck sampler’s pressure must be lessthan 0.25”Hg absolute. Record all readings on Data Sheet (Figure 3.13). Sampler Deployment Place sampler in

vr sition Drill holes for (asfar from stove aspossible). stove collar.

_ I probes and a optional thermocouple at 12inches above Place probe in position for sampling (probe position for Crested Butte test series ISshown in Figure 3.14). Cpen two wayvalve two start sampling. Sampler Retrieval Close two wayvalve. Remove probe from stack. Cap probe. Move sampler to recovery area.

123.40 L4.m 3-gSample Recovery . Measure and record sampler leak rate at 4 inches water. Measure and record sam Calibrate CO/CO2 and 8 ler pressure and temperature. 2 gasinstrumentation. Fill gassample bag bypumpmg sampled gasfrom the evacuated tank. Attach gasbag to mamfold for CO/CO2 and 02 analyzers. Record readin STAR + for each gas. TANK EVACUATION FOR NEXT TEST. Remove filters put in petri dishes and place in desiccator. Scrape“0” rings recover with acetone rinse into condensers sample. Remove stainless steel connector tube from condenser stopper (acetone rinse into condenser) place connector in desiccator. Flush probe and Teflon line into condenser with approximately 50 mL acetone. Place all acetone rinses into a beaker, allow acetone to evaporate and then desiccatethe beaker. Disconnect robe and line from condenser, acetone rinse condenser. Clean outsi8e of probe and line using razor blade and acetone wipe (do not save). Connect probe and attached Teflon line to nitrogen or pure air source. Flow nitrogen, at about 0.5 liter minute for at least a half hour, through probe and line assembly. Disconnect *robeand line from nitrogen and wipe with acetone. Disconnect Enefrom probe, coil line to fit in balance. Sample Weighings

Probe and line use anti-static device andweigh se reattach to nitrogen purge for at least 10minutes garately than The wei efore reweighing. 0.25mllfFl g is complete when consecutive weights vary by lessthan ‘g.rams. Weigh filters after desiccation, weighing is complete when consecutive weightsvary by lessthan 0.2milligrams over 2 hours. Wetgh acetone rinse beaker,wei@ing is complete when consecutive weightsvary by lessthan 0.5milhgrams over 4 hours. Weigh the connector, weighing is complete when consecutive weighing vary by lessthan 0.2milligrams. Sample Calculations

AlI VP1values calculated with 11-28-89corrected formulas as supplied by Dr. Jaasma.

23.40 AAPT 3 - 17

-._~--_--- .._

--- -.----.-.-’ CRESTED BUTTE TEST PROTOCOL A overview of the testsconducted at Crested Butte is shown in Table 3.1. Modified Method 28 The Sweet Home AK-18 and Country Comfort CC-150were each tested4 times using the same modified Method 28 procedures asdescribed for the RTP tests with the following exceptions:

The stovewall temperatures were averaged electronically before reading and recordmg. The test readingswere checked at 15minute intervals and recorded eve 60 minutes exceptfor the final reading which wastaken when theT&l al crib weight wasreduced to zero. The stove stackand tunnel were cleaned at the start of the test program but not before this testseries. Cordwood Test Methods Testing wasstarted before the kindling waslit on the first day of each test series. Other daysthe sampling trains were started before any wood was added to the stoves. The stoveswere loaded with wood at the end of each test day to allow them to burn overnight and be readyto start testing in the morning. The primary air and other operating parameterswere varied to approximate normal usageof a wood stove. The stoveswere adjusted and loaded in a random fashion to attempt to duplicate how a averagehome owner would operate awood heater. In general, the heater was at maximum at the start of each day - than at lower rates for the majority of the day. Wood wasloaded into the stovesas required.

Each wood stovewastested using one Method SG sampling tram and one VP1 sampling train Determination of cordwood moisture wasdone using a Delmhorst Model RDXOl with a26E electrode. The cordwood burned during the testswas a mixture of spruce and deaB ine which were taken from the forest asstanding wood. The standing deadwood had approximately 8-12% moisture on a dry basis. During the second and third test seriesthe standing deadwoodwas mixed with some Douglas fir of approximately 30-55% moisture on a dry basis. The Douglas tir’s moisture washigh becausethe firewood came from the remains of live trees cut for lumber. The cordwood supplier indicated that this mixture wasnormal fire wood for CrestedButte. Dilution Tunnel and Stack- Flow and Cleaning;

Tunnel flow wasdetermined in each tunnel and ad’usted to be between 126and 154SCFM (with a cold stove) bed ore each test series. The pitot wasposrtioned at the average point

123.40 lA.RPT 3 - 18TABLE 3.1 ’ CRESTED BUTTE TEST PROGRAM OVERVIEW

TEST SERIES A-l

-‘. AK-18

. .

:
.

. . .

: ‘. S-173E
Ashley

cc-l50

AK-18

&73E
Ashley

A-173E
Ashley

cc-150

AK-IS

: .’ B-l

C-l

D-l

A-2

B-2

c-2

D-2

c-3 Cordwood Filters daily Rinse end of series Cordwood Filters Dairy

Rinse end of series D-3

A-3-l A-3-2 A-3-3 A-3-4 B-3-l E-Z B-3-4

: 3-19

. .

Dou as t Fir est

Dou as P Fir ut

2 Filters and

EEsddy

Filters and ggW I Cordwood

Cordwood

Cordwood

Cordwood

Cordwood

Cordwood

Cordwood

Cordwood Sample

Recovery 5G Filters daily Rinse end of series Filters daily Rinse end of series Filters daily Rinse end of series Filters daily Rinse end of series Filters daily Rinse end of series

F$iltee;Iy series Sample

Re%ev End of series
End of series
End of series
End of series
End of series
End of series
End of series
End of series
End of series
End of series Daily

Daily

“- .-... C_..-...-wl* -11 _I-_- -_-_l_--^ --.-.where it remained for the test series. (If the flow changes as shown by the pitot the overall flow in the tunnel may be changed based on the single point pitot reading).

Method 5G The stackand tunnel were cleaned before the start of testing.

They were not cleaned again during this test program.

For all Crested Butte tests,each stovewastested usin sampling train seeFigure 3.14,for schematic of a ES single 4 one Method 5G six inch vertical dilution tunnel. G train sampling in a

The filters were changed at the end of eachtest day. The probe and front filter bell were acetone rinsed at the end of each test series. The accumulative total of the filters weight f! ains plus the acetone rinse weight gain were determined or the seven day testperiod. Due to the low percentage of the weight gain found in the acetone rinse, and that the filters were recovered daily, the emission ratesfor cordwood basedon the filters only, were calculated on a daily basis. This provides more data points and a greater certainty to the results. The acetone rinse of the Method 5G sampling train waslessthan 3.1% of the total wei for Test 1ht gain for Test SeriesA-l and 2; B-l and 2: C-l, and 3 and lessthan 6.8% eries D-l, and 3.

Pitot and meter orifice readings were taken every 15minutes. Meter readings -Temperatures : soforth were taken at the start and end plus hourly. (The stove surface temperature was averaged. VP1Test Method One VP1 train per stove.

Started and stopped each test dayat the sametime asthe 5G train The sample wasrecovered at the end of each test series. The starting flow rate was -8 milliliters per minute. To provide -34 liters of sample in 70 hours. VP1 Samnle Recovery The sample recovery followed the samemethods asoutlined this section for the testing conducted at ES’s RTP facility with the foEreviously in exceptions: owing

L23.40 lAmT 3 - 20VP1 Sampler Probeswere baked at 450 F for one hour and than dessicated to constant weight before use. Probe -The probe interior wasrinsed and brushed with acetone into the condensate sample. Probe wasthen nitrogen purged for ‘M hour at ‘S liter/per minute. The probe wasthan dessicatedto a constant weight. l/8” Teflon probe line: The line wasflushed - three times (visually clean) using 20 milliliters of acetone each time into the condensatebeaker, the line wasnot weighed. The stainless steel tube between the condensate and filter was rinsed with acetone into the condensate,the connector wasnot weighed. VPI Samnle Calculations The same corn the RTP and Crested5uter program, VPI’s ascorrected 11-28-89,wasused for both

utte tests.

&lock Certification Test Procedures at Crested Butte for the SweetHome AK-18 and the Countrv Comfort CC-150.

One test run wasattempted in each bum rate categoryfor a total of 4 tests. The stoveburned Douglas Fir wood cribs during these tests. The wood % moisture wasdetermined by the standard method. The VP1 sample rate wasset at 60 milliliters per minute The test ended when the coal bed wasthe sameweight asit wasat the start of the test. (After 10hours of testing the primary air will be fully opened to finish burning the wood if any is left). The Method SG and VP1train will be recovered before starting the next test.

L23.40 lA.RPT 3-21. SECTION 4 WOOD STOVE SPECIFIC INFORMATION
A total of 4 woodstoveswere used for this test program. The specific stovesusedwere: SweetHome AK-18 SN 0662 country comfort cc-150 SN 750-4865CC Haugh’s S-173E SN 792570 Ashley Oval SN (Unknown) The AK-18 and CC-150were used during both sections of the test program. The S-173Eand Ashley were used only at Crested Butte. The Ashley wasprovided by arrangements through the Wood Heating Alliance. It was delivered and picked up at the end of testing, by the wood stove retailer in Crested Butte,

This is the AK-18 that wasusedfor the 1988EPA Wood Heater Testing Laboratory Accreditation round robin test ro am. It wasalso usedfor the 1988 effectsof elevation study at Mt. Mitchell, dx o Carolina. Figure 4.1 depicts the modified stove (asused for all the studies) and showsrepresentative gasflows. Table 4-.Iand 4-2 the stove astested,and Tprovide details of the stove. Table 4-l is a description of

able 4-2 describesthe stove in its re-modification configuration. One additional change is the replacement oP the combustion control mechanism which waschanged to a sealed systemincorporating a2-inch ball valve for primary combustion air control. The fire box volume of this stove is 2.0 cubic feet. The catalystwasprovided in the stove and is identified asthe catalystthat wasagedand used for baseline testing, the 1988inter-laboratory proficiency tests,and the Mt. Mitchell tests.

Countrv Comfort CC-150 SN 750-4865CC This isthe highly modified CC-150 used for the 1989EPA Wood Heater Testing Laboratory Accreditation round-robin testprogram and the 1988special study on the effectsof elevation at Mt. Mitchell, North Carolina. Figure 4.2 showsthe modifications of this stove. Figure 4.3showsthe re resentative gasflows for this modified stove. The fire box volume of this stove is 1. s2 cubic feet.

m3.40 n4.RP-r 4-l

# I Primary Combustion Alr -I



# I Combustlon Exhaust Gas I=, I 

## A -i5 ? Alr Valve

Figure 4.1 Modified Sweet Home Model AK-18 Showing Gas Flows

4-2Table 4-l MODIFIED SWEET HOME AK-18 DESCRIPTION

APPLIANCE IDENTIFICATION Appliance manufacturer: Sweet Home Stove Works - Modified for EPA Model: A~-18 (modified) Type : Catalytic, freestanding
WOODHEATER DESCRIPTION:
Materials of Construction: Welded steel plate body; cast iron door, catalyst housing, and mixing plate. Air Introduction Svstem: Modified, Ball valve to airwash. Combustion Control Mechanismz: Ball valve controlling primary air. I. Combustor: Corning, 6" diameter, 25 cells/in.*. Supplied by E?A. Internal Baffles: Horizontal baffle upstream of mixing plate. Vertical baffle downstream of combustor. Other Features: Mixing plate upstream of combustor. Flue Outlet: 6" diameter I in rear of top surface of stove.
WOODHEATER OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Specific written instructions.

4-3Add,;Js P.O. Box 233 sweet Home; -OR 97366

*i,,nr,sduclanSTrc.m: Air cmes in tn <?nv. thmrenh nno .d:.~p;- * able opening an bottom of stove - travels up sides of firebox (outside1 End enters firebox at too ffmn?l *washes" down face of door.

hclrnll -Olf!I.r : . Sloooino btiile in front ius: below donr

plate below caralyst on roof of firebox.

,“.l Y..,W. ca..,.i 2

(:6-2051 : ;,

Table 4.2 Description of AK-18 Before Modification

# MODIFICATIONS

BEFORE .. 

# AFTER

LEGEND __---_-_-__-_-___---______________^_____---------- ---------------------- Plate welded to separate the firebox and secondary air channel. Insulation removed. Steel strip over the back firebrick, Secondary air hole. Baffle removed-firebrick retaining tabs added. Front welded.Primary Combustion Air -b Secondary Combustion Air km&
Combustion Exhaust Gas r 

# 4

- %

- - - - -

L

Figure 4.3 Modified CC-150 Representative Gas Flows

4-6Hawh’s S-173E SN 792570

This Hau EPA Wood I-F esModel S-173Ewasprepared and baseline tested for the 1990 Fi eater Testing Laborato
r e4.4 showsthe S-173Eas modLz ’ Accreditation round-robin test program. vo ume is 1.498cubic feet. ed and representative gasflows. The fire box Description of the S-173E Primary air enters the unit throu naturally drafted throuf? Hh two 1/2”H x 2” oval o circular ho es (two l/2” and one 3/ ii enings and is the to I( diameter) located in air de f!lfront of the fire ox. Air entering the holes is directed into the firebox by the ector. Air entering the ovals are channeled to the right and left hand sides of the air deflector and directed downward washing the door asit enters the firebox. The primary air intake is regulated by a sliding control plate which traverses a horizontal axis. The control plate movement is restricted by a l/2” square stop, located on the left side of the stove front. This stop is positioned to incorporate a l/S” gapwhen in the fully closed position. At full open, the plate is slid far right. All fires should be started in the open position. The secondary air entersthe stove at the bottom rear, and is routed vertical1 through an air channel entering the secondarybaffle. Air exits the secondary bail e and enters the firebox through a seriesof 3/8” and l/4” diameter holes. Primary air and secondaryair mix within the firebox and exhaust gasesare exited through the flue collar.

Ashlev Oval SN Unknown The Ashley Oval stovewasprovided by Alliance. The Ashley wasprovided as a arrangements through the Wood Heater ical low tech wood heater asused in the Crested Butte area prior to the 1989-199 E eating season. Description of Ashley Oval asTested The Ashley had both a top loading door and a front loading door. The front door had athermostat. However, adjusting the thermostat did not appear to affect how the stove operated. The bum rate could not be controlled. The stove stack opened directly into the firebox at the top rear of the firebox.

23.40 L4.RF-r 4-7EXHAUST

SE’cOtiOARY AIR INTAKE

PRIMARY AIR EXHAUST

rtr

. l

. z1

.

.

.

., 

# u INSULATION, FIRE BRICK AN0 STOVE OOOR ARE NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY w Figure 4.4 Haugh’s S-173E With Representative Gas Flows

4-8