San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013

San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

June 25, 2013 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan

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San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

 

i

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

The District’s Core Values and the District’s Air Monitoring Network .............................. iii

Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 1

Introduction: Air Monitoring Network Plan requirements ................................................. 4

Monitoring Objectives and Spatial Scales ....................................................................... 8

Ozone ............................................................................................................................ 14

Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations ........................................................... 17

Particulate Matter (PM) ................................................................................................. 18

PM10 Monitors in the Valley .......................................................................................... 19

PM2.5 Monitors in the Valley ......................................................................................... 25

PM Collocation Requirements ....................................................................................... 32

Public Review of Changes to the PM2.5 Monitoring Network ....................................... 32

Carbon Monoxide .......................................................................................................... 32

Nitrogen Dioxide ............................................................................................................ 33

Sulfur Dioxide ................................................................................................................ 35

Lead .............................................................................................................................. 36

Toxics ............................................................................................................................ 37

NCore ............................................................................................................................ 37

Meteorology .................................................................................................................. 37

Summary of Recent Changes to the District’s Air Monitoring Network .......................... 39

(Period: 2011 through Current) ..................................................................................... 39

Summary of Planned Changes to the District’s Air Monitoring Network ........................ 40

(Period: Current through Mid–2014) .............................................................................. 40

Stockton CBSA/MSA ..................................................................................................... 40

Modesto CBSA/MSA ..................................................................................................... 40

Merced CBSA/MSA ....................................................................................................... 40

Madera CBSA/MSA....................................................................................................... 40

Fresno CBSA/MSA........................................................................................................ 40

Hanford–Corcoran CBSA/MSA ..................................................................................... 40

Visalia–Porterville CBSA/MSA ...................................................................................... 41

Bakersfield CBSA/MSA ................................................................................................. 41

Data Submission Requirements .................................................................................... 41

Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................... 42

Appendix A: Monitoring Site Descriptions 

Appendix B: Detailed SJV Monitoring Site Information 

Appendix C: Bakersfield–Golden AMS Closure and Replacement 

Appendix D: NO2 Near–Road Monitoring Station Siting Requirements and Selection 

Process for the Bakersfield Core Based Statistical Area 

Appendix E: NO2 Near–Road Monitoring Station Siting Requirements and Selection 

Process for the Fresno Core Based Statistical Area 

Appendix F: EPA’s Approval the Fresno–First Air Monitoring Site Relocation 

Appendix G: Comments and Responses 

Appendix H: Notices of Publication 
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Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

 

ii

 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1 Map of Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley .................................... 2

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 1 Types of Air Monitoring Stations and Equipment ............................................... 4

Table 2 San Joaquin Valley Areas of Representation .................................................... 6

Table 3 Site Identification and AQS AIRS Codes ........................................................... 6

Table 4 San Joaquin Valley 2012 Population ................................................................. 8

Table 5 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin ................... 10

Table 6 SLAMS Minimum Ozone Monitoring Requirements ........................................ 14

Table 7 8–Hour Ozone Requirements for the San Joaquin Valley ............................... 15

Table 8a San Joaquin Valley Ozone SLAMS Monitors ................................................ 15

Table 8b San Joaquin Valley Ozone SPM Monitors ..................................................... 17

Table 9 SJV PAMS Sites (SLAMS) .............................................................................. 18

Table 10 Minimum PM10 Monitoring Requirements .................................................... 20

Table 11 PM10 Monitoring requirements for the Valley ................................................ 20

Table 12a San Joaquin Valley PM10 SLAMS monitor information ............................... 21

Table 12b San Joaquin Valley PM10 SPM monitor information ................................... 23

Table 13 San Joaquin Valley PM10 monitor types ....................................................... 23

Table 14 Minimum PM2.5 Monitoring Requirements.................................................... 25

Table 15 PM2.5 Monitoring requirements for the Valley ............................................... 26

Table 16a San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 SLAMS monitor information .............................. 26

Table 16b San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 SPM monitor information .................................. 29

Table 17 San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 monitor types ...................................................... 30

Table 18 Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley ................. 33

Table 19 NO2 Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley ....................................... 35

Table 20a Populations Weighted Emissions Index for the San Joaquin Valley ............ 36

Table 20b SO2 Monitoring Station in the San Joaquin Valley ....................................... 36

Table 21 Meteorological Parameter Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley .... 38
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan

 

iii

 

The District’s Core Values and the District’s Air Monitoring Network 

* Protect Public Health * 

The District uses data collected from the Valley air monitoring network to generate daily air quality 

forecasts and, when needed, issue health advisories. The District also uses data collected from the 

Valley’s air monitoring network as the basis for long-term attainment strategies and to track progress

towards health-based air quality standards. 

* Active and effective air pollution control efforts with minimal 

disruption to the Valley’s economic prosperity * 

The District uses air monitoring data to help determine what kind of air pollution control efforts are needed 

to achieve health-based air quality standards. 

* Outstanding Customer Service * 

* Accountability to the public * 

The District’s website provides timely and easy public access to data from the Valley’s real-time air 

monitors. The public can also access summaries of the previous seven days of air quality for ozone and 

particulate matter. 

* Open and transparent public processes * 

In addition to making air quality data available in real-time, the District uses air quality data in a variety of 

publicly available documents and reports. The District also conducts a public review period for annual 

monitoring network plans. 

* Respect for the opinions and interest of all Valley residents * 

The District has actively made daily air quality information available to Valley residents in a variety of 

formats, from the District website to the media, and even with air quality flags at schools. The District 

considers public interests in establishing new air monitoring stations. 

* Ingenuity and innovation * 

The District uses new and improved air monitoring techniques as these techniques are approved by the 

EPA. The District uses the latest science when siting air monitors. In turn, data collected from the

monitoring network contributes to ongoing scientific evaluations. 

* Continuous improvement * 

The District evaluates the air monitoring network in the annual Monitoring Network plan for opportunities 

for better data collection and greater efficiency. Furthermore, improved air monitoring is a continuous 

effort; throughout the year, the District seeks out opportunities to improve the air monitoring network. 

* Recognition of the uniqueness of the San Joaquin Valley * 

The San Joaquin Valley is an expansive and diverse area. The District sites air monitors to represent

each type of area and each portion of the region. 

* Effective and efficient use of public funds * 

An air monitoring network requires personnel, instruments, parts, energy, and leases. The District makes 

the most of limited resources by structuring the air monitoring network in a way that optimizes personnel 

time and funding for instruments. The result is a robust air monitoring network that helps the Valley reach 

its air quality goals without unnecessary expenditures.
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan

 

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San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 1 

Executive Summary 

The San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District (SJVAPCD or District) operates an 

extensive network of air quality monitors throughout the San Joaquin Valley (Valley) to 

support its mission of improving and protecting public health. On a short term scale, 

District staff use the hourly readings from real–time monitors to communicate the state 

of the air quality to Valley residents. Through programs and venues such as the Real–

time Air Advisory Network (RAAN), the Air Quality Flag program, the District website, 

and Valley media, Valley residents are able to obtain air quality information that can 

help them with their activity planning. The District also uses real–time air quality data to 

manage prescribed burning, agricultural burning, and residential wood combustion to 

ensure these activities do not make air quality unhealthy. 

The Valley’s attainment status for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) 

health–based air quality standards is the foundation of the District’s air quality 

attainment plans (such as the 2007 Ozone Plan, the 2012 PM2.5 Plan, and upcoming 

plans). As part of the District’s long–term efforts to improve public health, air monitors 

collect data that is rigorously analyzed by laboratory technicians and District staff. This 

monitoring data determines the Valley’s air quality and is fundamental in the Valley’s 

effort to improve air quality and achieve attainment of EPA’s health–based standards as 

quickly as possible. 

The San Joaquin Valley covers an area of 23,490 square miles, and the area is home to 

one of the most challenging air quality problems in the nation. The Valley is 

nonattainment for federal PM2.5 and ozone standards, and is in attainment of the 

federal standards for lead (Pb), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and 

Carbon monoxide (CO). In addition, the Valley is an attainment/maintenance area for 

PM10. The Valley is home to approximately 4 million residents, and includes several 

major metropolitan areas, vast expanses of agricultural land, industrial sources, 

highways, and schools. This expansive and diverse area comprises many air quality 

needs, yet there are limited financial and personnel resources for air quality monitoring. 

Despite these limitations and challenges, the District maintains a robust air monitoring 

program. The District follows federal monitoring requirements and guidelines to ensure 

an efficient and effective monitoring network. Additionally, EPA encourages tribal 

monitoring. There are two tribal monitors operating in the Valley. The Tachi Yokut 

Tribe operates a monitoring station at Santa Rosa Rancheria located in Kings County, 

and the Chukchansi Indians of California operate a monitoring station at the Picayune 

Rancheria located in Madera County. 

This monitoring network plan describes the District’s approach for implementing federal 

air monitoring and quality control requirements and summarizes recent and upcoming 

changes to the monitoring network. As specified in 40 CFR 58.10(a), this plan is made 

available for public inspection at least 30 days prior to submission to EPA. This 

Network Plan summarizes the state of the District’s air monitoring network during 2012, 

and through March 2013. Additionally, changes that the District may initiate through 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 2 

June 2014 are described in the Summary of Planned Changes. A map of the air 

monitoring stations in the San Joaquin Valley is shown in Figure 1. Table 5 lists 

detailed information about all of the ambient air monitoring sites in the San Joaquin 

Valley Air Basin. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

Figure 1 Map of Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 4 

 

Introduction: Air Monitoring Network Plan requirements 

As specified in 40 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 58.10, and as part of requirement 

of the District’s EPA 105 Grant, this air monitoring network plan describes the current 

state of the District’s monitoring network and changes that are planned for the network. 

The annual monitoring network plan is updated and submitted to the EPA Regional 

Administrator each year, and is made available for public inspection for at least 30 days 

prior to submission to EPA. Air monitoring network plans provide the establishment and 

maintenance of air monitoring networks that may include the types of stations and 

equipment listed in Table 1. 

Table 1 Types of Air Monitoring Stations and Equipment 

Abbreviation Full Name Description

ARM Approved Regional 

Method 

A method that has been approved within a specific 

region for comparison to federal air quality standards. 

Currently, there are no ARM monitors in the San 

Joaquin Valley.

FEM Federal Equivalent 

Method 

These monitors are considered to be equivalent to 

FRM monitors for the purpose of determining 

compliance with EPA’s health–based air quality 

standards. 

FRM Federal Reference 

Method 

EPA defines how these monitors are to work, how 

they are to be engineered, and how they are to 

measure pollutants. These monitors are used to 

determine compliance with EPA’s health–based air 

quality standards. 

NCore National Core Multipollutant monitoring stations; in California, these 

are operated by the California Air Resources Board 

(CARB). 

PAMS Photochemical 

Assessment 

Monitoring Station 

VOC (volatile organic compounds) speciation sites 

used in serious, severe, or extreme ozone 

nonattainment areas for precursor evaluation. 

SLAMS State and Local Air 

Monitoring Station 

Monitoring sites that are used for determinations of 

compliance with federal air quality standards, though 

they may be used for other purposes as well. 

SPM Special Purpose 

Monitor 

Not included when showing compliance with the 

minimum air monitoring requirements; an example 

might include a temporary monitoring station set up

in an area to measure short term air quality impacts 

of a source. Data collected from an SPM can be 

used for Regulatory purposes if the monitor has been 

operational for two years and if the monitor is an 

ARM, FEM, or FRM. 

STN Speciated Trends 

Network 

PM2.5 speciation stations that provide chemical 

speciation data of PM. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 5 

 

The monitoring network plan should include a statement of purpose for each monitor 

and evidence that siting and operation of each monitor meets the requirements of 

appendices A, C, D, and E of 40 CFR part 58. The plan must contain the following 

information for each existing and proposed site (40 CFR 58.10 (b)): 

• The MSA, CBSA, CSA, or other area represented by the monitor. MSA, CBSA, 

and CSA are statistical–based definitions for metropolitan areas provided by the 

Office of Management and Budget and the Census Bureau (see Table 2): 

o MSA: Metropolitan statistical area 

o CBSA: Core–based statistical area 

o CSA: Combined statistical area 

• Air quality system (AQS) Aerometric Information Retrieval System (AIRS) Code 

site identification number (see Table 3). 

• Locations: street address and geographical coordinates (see Appendix B). 

• Sampling and analysis methods for each measured parameter (see Appendix B). 

• Operating schedules for each monitor (see Appendix B). 

• Monitoring objective and spatial scale of representativeness for each monitor (as 

defined in Appendix D to 40 CFR 58) (see Appendix B). 

• Any proposals to remove or move a monitoring station within 18 months of a plan 

submittal. Any proposed additions and discontinuations of SLAMS monitors are 

subject to approval according to 40 CFR 58.14 (see Summary of planned 

changes section below). 

• Each air monitor is sited to satisfy at least one of three specific criteria: 

o Population (see Table 4) 

o A specific geographic scale (see Appendix B) 

o Generally consistent pollution concentrations 

There are several network plan requirements that pertain specifically to PM2.5 

monitoring: 

• The monitoring network plan must identify which sites are suitable and which are 

not suitable for comparison against the annual PM2.5 national ambient air quality 

standards (NAAQS) as described in 40 CFR 58.30 (see PM2.5 Monitors in the 

Valley section below). 

• The plan must also document how the District provides for public review of 

changes to the PM2.5 monitoring network when the change impacts the location 

of a violating PM2.5 monitor, or the creation/change to a community monitoring 

zone. 

• The District should submit any public comments received on PM2.5 monitoring 

changes in the submittal of the network plan. 

• On March 18, 2013, EPA finalized the rule to revoke the term “population–

oriented.” The final rule states that PM2.5 monitors at neighborhood scale or 

larger, or smaller scales that represent many locations in the same CBSA, are 

the only monitors representative of “area–wide” air quality that can be compared 

to the PM2.5 NAAQS. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 6 

 

Table 2 San Joaquin Valley Areas of Representation

TITLE CODE 

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Core–Based Statistical Area (CBSA) Code

Bakersfield 1 12540 

Fresno 23420 

Hanford–Corcoran 25260 

Madera 31460 

Merced 32900 

Modesto 33700 

Stockton–Lodi 44700 

Visalia–Porterville 47300 

 1 Monitors from both the District and the Eastern Kern County Air Pollution Control District can be 

 counted when determining compliance with minimum monitoring requirements for the Bakersfield 

 CBSA. However, only monitors located within the District’s boundaries are included in this 

 network plan. 

Table 3 Site Identification and AQS AIRS Codes 

MSA/CBSA: Fresno 

County: Fresno

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Clovis–Villa 060195001 SJVAPCD 

Fresno–Drummond 060190007 SJVAPCD 

Fresno–Garland 060190011 CARB 

Fresno–Pacific 060195025 SJVAPCD 

Fresno–Sky Park 060190242 SJVAPCD 

Huron 060192008 SJVAPCD 

Parlier 060194001 SJVAPCD 

Tranquillity 060192009 SJVAPCD 

MSA/CBSA: Bakersfield 

County: Kern (Valley Portion) 

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Arvin–Di Giorgio 060295002 CARB 

Bakersfield–California 060290014 CARB 

Bakersfield–Muni 1060292012 SJVAPCD 

Bakersfield–Planz 060290016 CARB 

Edison 060290007 CARB 

Lebec 060292009 SJVAPCD 

Maricopa 060290008 SJVAPCD 

Oildale 060290232 CARB 

Shafter 060296001 Shared 2

MSA/CBSA: Hanford–Corcoran 

County: Kings

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Corcoran–Patterson 060310004 SJVAPCD 

Hanford–Irwin 060311004 SJVAPCD 

1

The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 and relocated to the Bakersfield– 

 Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) AMS to serve as a PAMS Type 2 site. See Appendix C for details. 

2

 Site operated by CARB and SJVAPCD. 

 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 7 

 

Table 3 Site Identification and AQS AIRS Codes (Continued)

MSA/CBSA: Madera 

County: Madera 

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Madera–City 060392010 SJVAPCD 

Madera–Pump Yard 060390004 SJVAPCD 

MSA/CBSA: Merced 

County: Merced 

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Merced–Coffee 060470003 SJVAPCD 

Merced–M Street 060472510 SJVAPCD 

MSA/CBSA: Stockton 

County: San Joaquin 

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Manteca 060772010 SJVAPCD 

Stockton–Hazelton 060771002 CARB 

Stockton–Wagner/Holt 060773010 SJVAPCD 

Tracy–Airport 060773005 SJVAPCD 

MSA/CBSA: Modesto 

County: Stanislaus 

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Modesto–14th Street 060990005 CARB 

Turlock 060990006 SJVAPCD 

MSA/CBSA: Visalia–Porterville 

County: Tulare 

Site Name AIRS Code Operating Agency

Porterville 061072010 SJVAPCD 

Sequoia–Ash Mountain 061070009 National Park Service 

Sequoia–Lower Kaweah 061070006 National Park Service 

Visalia–Airport 061073000 SJVAPCD 

Visalia–Church 061072002 CARB 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 8 

 

Table 4 San Joaquin Valley 2012 Population 

County 

Total 

County 

Population 

Major Urban Area 

Pop > 100,000 

Urban Area Pop 

< 100,000 and > 50,000 

Fresno 945,711 Fresno Clovis 

Kern (Entire County) 850,006 Bakersfield Delano 

Kern (Valley Portion) 731,005 1 Bakersfield Delano 

Kings 152,419 –– Hanford 

Madera 152,074 –– Madera 

Merced 258,736 –– Merced 

San Joaquin 695,750 Stockton Lodi, Manteca, Tracy 

Stanislaus 519,940 Modesto Turlock 

Tulare 450,840 Visalia Porterville, Tulare 

San Joaquin Valley Total 3,906,475

1 Population estimate for Kern County (Valley Portion) was calculated using census track data for the 

 population living within the District’s boundaries. The San Joaquin Valley Total includes the Kern 

 (Valley Portion) population, not the Kern (Entire County) population. Data from California Department of 

 Finance E–1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, January 1, 2012. 

Monitoring Objectives and Spatial Scales 

Appendix D to 40 CFR Part 58 identifies three basic monitoring objectives that define 

the purpose of each analyzer: 

• Provide air pollution data to the general public in a timely manner 

(timely/public). 

• Support compliance with ambient air quality standards and emissions strategy 

development (standards/strategy). 

• Support for air pollution research studies (research support). 

Appendix D then identifies several general monitoring site types to meet the objectives 

that define what the monitor is measuring: 

• Sites located to determine the highest concentrations in the area covered 

by the network. 

• Population oriented sites to measure typical concentrations in areas of high 

population density. 

• Source impact sites to determine the impact of significant sources or source 

categories on air quality. 

• General/background sites determine background concentration levels.

• Regional transport sites located to determine the extent of regional pollutant 

transport among populated areas and in support of secondary standards 

• Sites located to measure air pollution impacts on visibility, vegetation 

damage, or other welfare–related impacts. 

Appendix D also identifies several scales of spatial representativeness, described in 

terms of physical dimensions of the air parcel or zone where air quality is expected to 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 9 

 

be reasonably consistent around the monitor. The monitor thus represents that area, 

not just the point of the monitor. The spatial scales are: 

• Microscale: An area ranging from several meters up to about 100 meters. 

• Middle scale: An area covering between about 100 meters to 0.5 kilometers. 

• Neighborhood scale: Covering an area between 0.5 and 4.0 kilometers in 

range. 

• Urban scale: Covering an area of city–like dimensions, from about 4 to 50 

kilometers. 

• Regional scale: Covering a rural area of reasonably homogeneous 

geography without large sources, extending from tens to hundreds of 

kilometers. 

• National and global scales: Representing concentrations characterizing the 

nation and the globe as a whole. 

New monitoring stations and new monitors that are intended to be compared to the 

NAAQS must meet EPA siting criteria. A particular site might be appropriate for one or 

more pollutants. Some sites may be appropriate for all air pollutant monitoring, while 

other sites are only appropriate for a particular pollutant. The District balances a wide 

range of pollutant siting criteria, spatial scales, monitoring objectives, and practical 

concerns as it plans and operates its monitoring network. 

This Network Plan summarizes the state of the District’s air monitoring network during 

2012, and through March 2013. Additionally, changes that the District may initiate 

through June 2014 are described in the Summary of Planned Changes. Table 5 lists 

detailed information about all of the ambient air monitoring sites in the San Joaquin 

Valley Air Basin. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

Table 5 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin 

MSA, County Site Name Address Parameters Monit

Arvin–Di Giorgio 19405 Buena Vista Blvd, Arvin, CA 93203 Ozone 

 Bakersfield–Planz 401 E. Planz Rd., Bakersfield CA 93307 PM2.5 FRM  Bakersfield–Muni 1 2000 South Union Ave., Bakersfield, CA 93307 

Ozone, CO, NO2, Total– and Specspeed, wind direction, outdoor temphumidity, barometric pressure, solaprogram 

 Bakersfield–California 5558 California Ave., Bakersfield, CA 93309 

Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, Pnon–regulatory, NO2, Lead, ToxicsChromium (Cr6+), wind speed, wind 

temperature, relative humidity, barosolar radiation 

Bakersfield, 

Kern Edison Johnson Farm–Shed Rd, Edison, CA 93320 Ozone, NO2, wind speed, wind dire

temperature 

 Lebec 1277 Beartrap Road, Lebec, CA 93243 PM2.5 BAM non–regulatory, wind s

outdoor temperature, barometric pr

 Maricopa 755 Stanislaus St., Maricopa, CA 93352 Ozone, wind speed, wind direction, 

barometric pressure 

 Oildale 3311 Manor St, Oildale, CA 93308 Ozone, PM10 FRM, wind speed, w

temperature 

 Shafter 578 Walker St, Shafter, CA 93263 Ozone, NO2, Total– and Speciated

wind direction, outdoor temperature

barometric pressure, solar radiation 

1 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 due to planned road construction and was relocated to the Bakersfie

 (Bakersfield–Muni) AMS in 2012. See Appendix C for details.
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

Table 5 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (Contin

MSA, County Site Name Address Parameters Monito

Clovis–Villa 908 N. Villa Ave., Clovis, CA 93612 

Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, PMNO2, Total– and Speciated–VOC, widirection, outdoor temperature, relativbarometric pressure, solar radiation f

 Fresno–Drummond 4706 E. Drummond St., Fresno, CA 93725 Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FEM, CO

wind direction, outdoor temperature, 

 Fresno–Garland 3727 N. First St, Ste. 104, Fresno CA 93726

Ozone, NO2, CO, SO2, PM10 FEM, FEM/BAM, PM2.5 BAM/Non–FEM nowind direction, outdoor temperature, barometric pressure 

Fresno, 

Fresno Fresno–Pacific 1716 Winery, Fresno, CA 93726 PM2.5 FRM 

 Fresno–Sky Park 4508 Chennault Ave, Fresno, CA 93722 Ozone, CO, NO2, wind speed, wind d

temperature 

 Huron 16875 4th St., Huron, CA 93234 PM2.5 BAM/Non–FEM non–regulato

pressure 

 Parlier 

9240 S. Riverbend Ave., Parlier, CA 93648 

Ozone, NO2, Total– and Speciated–Vwind direction, outdoor temperature, 

barometric pressure, solar radiation f

 Tranquillity 32650 W. Adams, Tranquillity, CA 93668 Ozone, PM2.5 BAM/FEM, wind spee

outdoor temperature, barometric pres
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

Table 5 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (Contin

MSA, County Site Name Address Parameters Monito

Hanford– 

Corcoran, 

Kings 

Corcoran–Patterson 1520 Patterson Ave, Corcoran, CA 93212 PM10 TEOM/FEM, PM2.5 FRM, wind 

direction, outdoor temperature, barom

Hanford–Irwin 807 S. Irwin St, Hanford, CA 93230 Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM10 TEOM/FE

NO2, wind speed, wind direction, outbarometric pressure 

Madera, 

Madera 

Madera–City 28261 Avenue 14, Madera, CA 93638 Ozone, PM10 TEOM/FEM, PM2.5 BA

wind direction, outdoor temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation 

Madera–Pump Yard 

Avenue 8 and Road 29 1/2, Madera, CA 93637 

Ozone, NO2, Total– and Speciated–Vwind direction, outdoor temperature, barometric pressure, solar radiation f

Merced, 

Merced 

Merced–Coffee 385 S. Coffee St., Merced, CA 95340 Ozone, PM2.5 BAM/FEM, NO2, wind 

direction, outdoor temperature 

Merced–M Street 2334 M Street, Merced, CA 95340 PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM 

Stockton, 

San Joaquin 

Stockton–Hazelton 1593 E. Hazelton St., Stockton, CA 95205 Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, PM

NO2, toxics, wind speed, wind directitemperature, relative humidity 

Stockton–Wagner/Holt 8778 Brattle Pl., Stockton, CA 95209 PM10 FRM Manteca 530 Fishback Rd., Manteca, CA 95337 PM2.5 BAM/FEM, PM10 TEOM/FEM

direction, outdoor temperature, barom

Tracy–Airport 5749 S. Tracy Blvd., Tracy, CA 95376 

Ozone, PM10 TEOM/FEM, PM2.5 BANO2, wind speed, wind direction, outbarometric pressure, radio acoustic s(RASS) 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan 

Table 5 Ambient Air Monitoring Sites in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (Contin

MSA, County Site Name Address Parameters Monito

Modesto, 

Stanislaus 

Modesto–14th Street 814 14th Street, Modesto, CA 95354 Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, PM

wind speed, wind direction, outdoor tbarometric pressure 

Turlock 1034 S. Minaret St., Turlock, CA 95380 Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 BAM FEM

speed, wind direction, outdoor tempe

pressure 

Visalia– 

Porterville, 

Tulare 

Porterville 1839 S. Newcomb St., Porterville, CA 93257 Ozone, PM2.5 BAM non–regulatory, 

direction, outdoor temperature, barom

Sequoia–Ash Mountain 

Ash Mountain, Sequoia National Park CA 

Ozone, PM2.5 BAM non–regulatory, direction, outdoor temperature, relati

radiation 

Sequoia–Lower Kaweah 

Lower Kaweah Campground, Sequoia National Park, CA 

Ozone, wind speed, wind direction, o

relative humidity, solar radiation 

Visalia–Airport 

9501 West Airport Drive, Visalia, CA 93277

Wind speed, wind direction, outdoor humidity, barometric pressure, solar acoustic sounding system (RASS) 

Visalia–Church 310 N. Church St., Visalia, CA 93291 Ozone, PM10 FRM, PM2.5 FRM, PM

regulatory, NO2, wind speed, wind d

temperature, barometric pressure 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

Annual Air Monitoring Network Plan

 

14

Ozone 

Ozone is formed when its precursors (oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and volatile organic 

compounds (VOC)) chemically react in the presence of sunlight. The Valley’s 

topography, high temperatures, subsidence inversions, and light winds are conducive to 

elevated ozone levels. Winds (at ground level or at higher altitudes) transport pollutants 

from other basins into the Valley, within the Valley to areas downwind, and from the 

Valley into other regions. 

As specified in Table D–2 of Appendix D to Part 58, ozone monitoring site 

requirements are based on MSA and design values (see Table 6). Table 7 shows 

that the Valley’s ozone monitoring network meets the requirements. Sites are 

intended to represent population exposures and maximum concentrations so most 

ozone monitors are representative of neighborhood and regional scales. The 

Valley’s SLAMS ozone monitors are continuous analyzers that detect ozone 

through ultraviolet absorption. As continuous devices, these monitors meet the 

“Timely/Public” objective, providing District staff with the data used in AQI 

forecasting and reporting. The Valley’s ozone monitoring sites, and their scales 

and site types are shown in Tables 8a and 8b. 

Table 6 SLAMS Minimum Ozone Monitoring Requirements 

(Table D–2 of Appendix D to Part 58) 

MSA population, based 

on latest available 

census figures 

Number of monitors required if:

Most recent 3–year design 

value concentrations ≥85% of 

any ozone NAAQS 

Most recent 3–year design 

value concentrations <85% of 

any ozone NAAQS 

> 10 million 4 2 

4 – 10 million 3 1 

350,000 – < 4 million 2 1 

50,000 – < 350,000 1 0 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

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Table 7 8–Hour Ozone Requirements for the San Joaquin Valley 

Metropolitan 

Statistical Area 

(MSA) 

2012 

Population 

Highest 2012 

Ozone 

Design 

Value in 

MSA (ppb)

≥85% of 

2008 ozone 

NAAQS 

(75 ppb) 

Number of 

monitors 

required 

(Table 5) 

Number of 

active 

SLAMS 

ozone 

monitor 

sites 

Bakersfield2 731,005 93 Yes 2 6 

Fresno 945,711 98 Yes 2 5 

Hanford–

Corcoran 152,419 90 Yes 1 1

Madera 152,074 86 Yes 1 2 

Merced 258,736 83 Yes 1 1 

Modesto 519,940 88 Yes 2 2 

Stockton 695,750 80 Yes 2 2 

Visalia– 

Porterville 450,840 95 Yes 2 2 

1 Air monitors in the Eastern Kern County Air Pollution Control District would count towards the monitors 

 required for the Bakersfield MSA. However, the “Number of active ozone monitors” listed here includes 

 those in the Valley Portion of Kern County only. 

Table 8a San Joaquin Valley Ozone SLAMS Monitors 

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Bakersfield Kern 

Arvin–Di 

Giorgio Neighborhood High Concentration, Regional transport 

1, 2, 3 

Bakersfield–

California Neighborhood Population 

Bakersfield– 

Muni 1 Neighborhood High Concentration 

Edison Neighborhood High concentration, 

Regional transport 

Maricopa Neighborhood Regional transport 

Oildale Neighborhood Regional transport 

Shafter Neighborhood General/background 

1 – Standards/Strategy 2 – Research Support 3 – Timely/Public 

1 Bakersfield–Golden was shut down due to planned road construction in December 2009. The ozone equipment at 

 the new Bakersfield–Muni site began operating in June 2012. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

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Table 8a San Joaquin Valley Ozone SLAMS Monitors (Continued)

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Fresno Fresno 

Clovis–Villa Neighborhood High Concentration, 

Population 

1, 2, 3 

Fresno– 

Drummond Neighborhood Population, Regional transport 

Fresno – 

Garland Neighborhood Population 

Fresno–Sky 

Park Neighborhood Population, Regional transport 

Parlier Neighborhood High Concentration, 

Regional transport 

 

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Hanford–

Corcoran Kings Hanford–Irwin Neighborhood Population 1, 2, 3 

 

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Madera Madera 

Madera– 

Pump Yard Neighborhood General/background 1, 2, 3 

Madera–City Neighborhood Population 

 

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Merced Merced Merced– 

Coffee Neighborhood Population 1, 2, 3 

 

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Stockton San 

Joaquin 

Stockton– 

Hazelton Neighborhood Population 

1, 2, 3 

Tracy–Airport Neighborhood Regional transport 

1 – Standards/Strategy 2 – Research Support 3 – Timely/Public 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

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Table 8a San Joaquin Valley Ozone SLAMS Monitors (Continued)

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Modesto Stanislaus 

Modesto– 

14th Street Neighborhood Population 

1, 2, 3 

Turlock Neighborhood Population 

 

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Visalia– 

Porterville Tulare 

Visalia– 

Church Neighborhood Population 1, 2, 3 

Porterville Neighborhood Population 

1 – Standards/Strategy 2 – Research Support 3 – Timely/Public 

Table 8b San Joaquin Valley Ozone SPM Monitors 

MSA County Site Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Fresno Fresno Tranquillity Urban 

Scale Population 3 

Visalia– 

Porterville Tulare 

Sequoia–Ash Mountain Regional 

High 

Concentration, 

Regional 

transport 

3 

Sequoia–Lower Kaweah Regional Regional 

transport 3 

3 –Timely/Public 

 

Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations 

The monitoring objective of Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) is 

research support. Federal regulations (Clean Air Act Section 182 and 40 CFR 58) 

require serious, severe, and extreme ozone nonattainment areas to have PAMS sites to 

take speciated measurements of ozone precursors and allow for better understanding of 

the effect of precursors, control measures, and photochemistry on ozone formation. 

PAMS sites measure ozone, NOx, total– and speciated–VOC for the PAMS program, 

CO, and meteorology concurrently. Although the Valley does not exceed federal or 

state standards for NO2, NOx reductions contribute to air quality improvement for both 

ozone and PM. 

There are four classifications of PAMS sites: 

• Type 1: Background sites upwind of urban areas, where ozone concentrations 

 are presumed not to be influenced by nearby urban emissions. 

• Type 2: Maximum ozone precursor emissions sites, typically located in an urban 

 center, where emissions strengths are the greatest. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

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• Type 3: Maximum ozone concentration sites, intended to show the highest 

 ozone concentrations. 

• Type 4: Downwind ozone monitoring sites intended to capture concentrations of 

 transported ozone and precursor pollutants, and determine possible areas 

 from which most of the transport may originate (Type 4 sites are 

 currently not required for the San Joaquin Valley). 

As shown in Table 9, the District has a total of six PAMS sites configured as two 

networks, one centered around Fresno and one around Bakersfield. The PAMS 

program operates from June 1 through August 31 every year on a 1 in 3 day sampling 

schedule with an hourly NMOC analyzer. At least four, three–hour integrated samples 

are collected each sampling day, referred to as a “Trend Day.” However, additional 

samples are collected on “Episode Days,” days that are forecasted to have high ozone 

concentrations. The goal is to sample on three to five multi–day episodes in an ozone 

season. 

Table 9 SJV PAMS Sites (SLAMS) 

Fresno MSA 

Type 1: Upwind/Background site Madera–Pump Yard 

Type 2: Maximum precursor emissions Clovis–Villa 

Type 3: Maximum ozone concentrations Parlier1

Bakersfield MSA

Type 1: Upwind/Background site Shafter 

Type 2: Maximum precursor emissions Bakersfield–Muni

2

Type 3: Maximum ozone concentrations Arvin3

1 An NOy monitor will become operational in 2013. 

2 Bakersfield–Golden was shut down for relocation in December 2009. The speciated PAMS equipment at the new 

 Bakersfield– Muni site began operating in June 2012, and all of the other PAMS equipment except for NMHC began 

 operating in July 2012. The NMHC equipment began operating in October 2012.

3 Arvin–Bear Mountain Blvd. site has closed. PAMS equipment for the Type 3 site at the new Arvin–Di Giorgio site 

 will be installed when space becomes available. 

Particulate Matter (PM) 

Particulate matter (PM) can be emitted directly as primary PM, and it can form in the 

atmosphere through chemical reactions of precursors to form secondary PM. Primary 

PM can be emitted either naturally: windblown dust and wildfires; or from human 

(anthropogenic) activity: agricultural operations, industrial processes, combustion of 

wood and fossil fuels, construction and demolition activities, and entrainment of road 

dust. The resulting ambient PM mixture includes aerosols consisting of components of 

nitrates, sulfates, elemental carbons, organic carbon compounds, acid aerosols, trace 

metals, geological materials, etc. Under current regulations, particulate matter is 

differentiated by particle size as opposed to composition. Federal air quality standards 

differentiate two size fractions of PM: PM that is 10 microns or less in diameter (PM10) 

and the smaller subset that is 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5). 

The mountain ranges that surround the Valley contribute to trapping pollutants, 

including PM, in the Valley. During the winter, weather systems bring rainfall to the 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

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Valley, but the atmospheric environment also becomes conducive to secondary PM 

formation. The Valley’s frequent and strong winter temperature inversions prevent air 

from rising and particulates remain trapped near the surface. During winters with little 

rainfall or the Valley’s hot, dry summers, the dry soils contribute to PM emissions when 

disturbed. 

The California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) is the Valley’s 

comprehensive particulate field study. CRPAQS monitoring occurred between 

December 1999 and February 2001 through the use of over 70 SPM PM10 sites and 50 

SPM PM2.5 sites. Researchers have used CRPAQS measurements for database 

development, analysis, and modeling. Data collection for the study has been completed 

but the data analysis is still ongoing. In addition to CRPAQS, other studies assess 

particulate emissions from agricultural operations, unpaved and paved road particulate 

emissions, and particulate formation in fog episodes. The design of the Valley’s current 

PM network is an outgrowth of the results and analysis from CRPAQS. 

The Valley’s PM monitoring network includes Federal Reference Method (FRM) 

monitors, Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) monitors, and Non–FRM/FEM monitors. 

FRM monitors for PM are manual filter–based monitors; samples are collected on either 

a one–in–six day sampling schedule or a one–in–three day sampling schedule. FRM 

monitors meet the “Standards/Strategy” objective, helping agencies determine the 

Valley’s attainment status and helping shape the strategies for reaching or maintaining 

PM attainment. FRM filters can also be analyzed for PM speciation, so they are 

sometimes used for “Research Support” objectives as well. 

Beta Attenuation Monitors (BAM) and Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 

(TEOM) monitors are continuous, near real–time monitors that provide the hourly PM 

data used in AQI and Smoke Management System (SMS) burn allocations. Data from 

these monitors are also used in hazard reduction burning allocations and in residential 

wood burning declarations. As such, these monitors help meet the “Timely/Public” 

objective. 

Not all real–time monitors meet the “Standards/Strategy” objective because they do not 

meet the rigorous engineering design, quality assurance, and quality control standards 

necessary for comparison to the NAAQS. An FEM monitor is often a real–time monitor 

that has been designated by EPA as being equivalent to FRM monitors. FEMs satisfy 

both the “Standards/Strategy” objective and the “Timely/Public” objective. All of the 

Valley’s TEOMs are FEMs, and some of the Valley’s BAMs are FEMs. 

PM10 Monitors in the Valley 

The San Joaquin Valley has been redesignated to attainment for PM10, and the 

District’s 2007 PM10 Maintenance Plan and ongoing PM10 monitoring will assure 

continued compliance with the federal standard. Table 10 shows the minimum number 

of PM10 sites required per MSA and Table 11 shows the PM10 monitoring 

requirements for the San Joaquin Valley. The Valley’s SLAMS and SPM PM10 

monitoring stations are summarized in Tables 12a, 12b, and 13 respectively. 
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

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Table 10 Minimum PM10 Monitoring Requirements 

(Table D–4 of Appendix D to Part 58) 

(A range is presented, and the actual number of stations per area is jointly determined by EPA, the State, 

and the local agency)

Population category 

High concentration: 

Ambient 

concentrations 

exceed the PM10 

NAAQS by 20% or 

more (≥180 μg/m3)

Medium concentration:

Ambient concentrations 

exceed 80% of the PM10 

NAAQS (>120 μg/m3)

Low concentration: 

Ambient 

concentrations less 

than 80% of the PM10 

NAAQS (< 120 μg/m3), 

or no design value

> 1,000,000 6 – 10 4 – 8 2 – 4 

500,000 – 1,000,000 4 – 8 2 – 4 1 – 2 

250,000 – 500,000 3 – 4 1 – 2 0 – 1 

100,000 – 250,000 1 – 2 0 – 1 0 

Table 11 PM10 Monitoring requirements for the Valley 

Metropolitan 

Statistical 

Area (MSA) 

County 2012 

Population

PM10 

24–hour 2012

Highest 

concentration 

in MSA (μg/m3)1

Monitors 

required 

Actual # 

of 

SLAMS 

sites in 

MSA 

Actual 

# of 

SPM 

sites in 

MSA 

 Bakersfield2 Kern 731,005 100 1 – 2 2 0 

Fresno Fresno 945,711 114 1 – 2 3 0 

Hanford–

Corcoran Kings 152,419 128 1 – 2 2 1 

Madera Madera 152,074 115 0 1 0 

Merced Merced 258,736 89 0 – 1 1 0 

Modesto Stanislaus 519,940 103 1 – 2 2 0 

Stockton San 

Joaquin 

695,750 139 2 – 4 2 2 

Visalia– 

Porterville Tulare 450,840 76 0 – 1 1 0 

1 Pending Exceptional Events are excluded from Table 10. 

2 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 due to planned road construction and was 

 relocated to the Bakersfield–Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) AMS in 2012. The PM10 and PM2.5 monitors 

 were operational at Bakersfield–Muni from July 2012 until late February 2013. See Appendix C for details.
San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District June 25, 2013 

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Table 12a San Joaquin Valley PM10 SLAMS monitor information 

MSA/CBSA: Bakersfield

County: Kern 

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Oildale Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:6 

Bakersfield– 

California Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy Research Support 1:6 

MSA/CBSA: Fresno

County: Fresno

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Fresno–

Drummond Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy Research Support 1:6 

Fresno–Garland Urban NCORE Population 

Exposure 1:1 

Clovis–Villa Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:6 

MSA/CBSA: Hanford–Corcoran

County: Kings 

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Hanford–Irwin Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:6 

Corcoran–

Patterson Neighborhood High Concentration 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Madera

County: Madera

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Madera–City Neighborhood Population 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 

1–Hour 
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Table 12a San Joaquin Valley PM10 SLAMS monitor information (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Merced

County: Merced 

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Merced–M Street Neighborhood 

High 

Concentration, 

Population 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:6 

MSA/CBSA: Stockton

County: San Joaquin

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Stockton–

Hazelton Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy Research Support 1:6 

Stockton–

Wagner/ Holt Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy Research Support 1:6 

MSA/CBSA: Modesto

County: Stanislaus

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Modesto–14th

Street Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy Research Support 1:6 

Turlock Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:6 

MSA/CBSA: Visalia–Porterville

County: Tulare

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Visalia–Church Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:6 

 

 
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Table 12b San Joaquin Valley PM10 SPM monitor information 

MSA/CBSA: Hanford–Corcoran

County: Kings 

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Hanford–Irwin Neighborhood Population Research Support 

Timely/Public 1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Stockton

County: San Joaquin 

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Manteca Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1–Hour 

Tracy–Airport Neighborhood Regional 

transport 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 

1–Hour 

Table 13 San Joaquin Valley PM10 monitor types 

MSA/CBSA: Bakersfield

County: Kern1

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM 

Site Name

Bakersfield–California 1 1 

Oildale 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 2 

MSA/CBSA: Fresno

County: Fresno

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM 

Site Name 

Clovis–Villa 1 1 

Fresno–Drummond 1 1 

Fresno–Garland 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 3 

1

 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 and was relocated to 

 the Bakersfield–Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) AMS in 2012. The PM10 and 

 PM2.5 monitors were operational at Bakersfield–Muni from July 2012 until late February 

 2013. See Appendix C for details.

 
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Table 13 San Joaquin Valley PM10 monitor types (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Hanford–Corcoran

County: Kings

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name 

Corcoran 1 1 

Hanford–Irwin 1 1 

 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SP 2 1 

MSA/CBSA: Madera

County: Madera

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Madera–City 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 1 

MSA/CBSA: Merced

County: Merced

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Merced–M Street 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 1 

MSA/CBSA: Stockton

County: San Joaquin

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Manteca 1 1 

Stockton–Hazelton 1 1 

Stockton–Wagner/Holt 1 1 

Tracy–Airport 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 2 2 

 
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Table 13 San Joaquin Valley PM10 monitor types (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Modesto

County: Stanislaus

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name 

Modesto–14th Street 1 1 

Turlock 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 2 

MSA/CBSA: Visalia – Porterville

County: Tulare

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name 

Visalia–Church 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 1 

 

PM2.5 Monitors in the Valley 

The San Joaquin Valley is designated nonattainment for PM2.5. Table 14 shows the 

minimum number of PM2.5 sites required per MSA and Table 15 shows the PM2.5 

monitoring requirements for the San Joaquin Valley. The Valley’s SLAMS and SPM 

PM2.5 monitoring stations are summarized in Tables 16a, 16b, and 17 respectively. 

Table 14 Minimum PM2.5 Monitoring Requirements 

MSA 

population 

Most recent 3–year design value 

≥85% of any PM2.5 NAAQS

(equivalent to an annual design value 

≥ 10.2 μg/m3 or a 24–hour design 

value ≥ 29.8 μg/m3), or no design value

Most recent 3–year design value 

<85% of any PM2.5 NAAQS 

(equivalent to an annual design value 

< 10.2 μg/m3 or a 24–hour design 

value < 29.8 μg/m3), or no design value

> 1,000,000 3 2 

500,000 – 

1,000,000 2 1 

50,000 – <

500,000 1 0 
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Table 15 PM2.5 Monitoring requirements for the Valley 

Metropolitan 

Statistical 

Area (MSA) 

County 2012 

Population

PM2.51

24–hour 

2010–

2012 

Design 

Value in 

MSA 

(μg/m3) 

Annual 

2010–

2012 

Design 

Value in 

MSA 

(μg/m3) 

Monitors 

required 

Actual # 

of 

SLAMS 

sites in 

MSA 

Actual 

# of 

SPM 

sites 

in 

MSA 

Bakersfield2 Kern 731,005 58 15.6 2 2 1 

Fresno3 Fresno 945,711 57 14.8 2 3 4 

Hanford–

Corcoran Kings 152,419 54 15.8 1 1 1 

Madera Madera 152,074 51 19.0 1 1 0 

Merced Merced 258,736 41 14.3 1 1 1 

Modesto Stanislaus 519,940 49 14.9 2 3 0 

Stockton San 

Joaquin 

695,750 38 11.6 2 2 1 

Visalia– 

Porterville Tulare 450,840 47 14.8 1 1 3 

1 Air quality data may include data influenced by exceptional events and/or data completeness and substitution 

 requirements. 

2

 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 and was relocated to the Bakersfield–Municipal 

 Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) AMS in 2012. The PM10 and PM2.5 monitors were operational at Bakersfield–Muni from 

 July 2012 until late February 2013. See Appendix C for details. 

3 During January 2012, the Fresno–First Street AMS closed and moved two blocks to the north where it became the 

 Fresno–Garland AMS so the January 2012 values from the Fresno–First site were not counted. The 2010 and 2011 

 values from the Fresno–First site were combined with the 2012 values from the Fresno–Garland site to determine 

 the values shown in the Table 14. 

Table 16a San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 SLAMS monitor information 

MSA/CBSA: Bakersfield

County: Kern 

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Bakersfield– 

Planz Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 1:3 

Bakersfield– 

California Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy Daily 
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Table 16a San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 SLAMS monitor information (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Fresno

County: Fresno

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Fresno– 

Pacific Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:3 

Fresno–

Garland Neighborhood High 

Concentration 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support Daily 

Clovis–Villa Neighborhood High 

Concentration 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:3 

MSA/CBSA: Hanford–Corcoran

County: Kings

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Corcoran– 

Patterson Neighborhood High Concentration 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:3

MSA/CBSA: Madera

County: Madera

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Madera–City Neighborhood Population 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 

1–Hour 

 MSA/CBSA: Merced

County: Merced

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Merced–M 

Street Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:3 

 
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Table 16a San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 SLAMS monitor information (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Stockton

County: San Joaquin

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Manteca Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1–Hour 

Stockton– 

Hazelton Neighborhood Population 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1–Hour 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 

1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Modesto

County: Stanislaus

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Modesto–14th

Street Neighborhood Population 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 1:3 / 1–Hour 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 

1–Hour 

Turlock Neighborhood Population 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 

1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Visalia – Porterville 

County: Tulare 

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring Objective Sampling 

Schedule 

Visalia– 

Church Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy Research Support 1:3 
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Table 16b San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 SPM monitor information 

MSA/CBSA: Bakersfield

County: Kern1

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Bakersfield–

California Neighborhood Population Area–wide 1–Hour 

Lebec Neighborhood Population Research Support 

Timely/Public 1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Fresno

County: Fresno

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Fresno–

Garland Neighborhood High 

Concentration Area–wide 1–Hour 

Fresno–

Drummond Neighborhood High Concentration 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 1–Hour 

Huron Neighborhood Population Research Support 

Timely/Public 1–Hour 

Tranquillity Urban Background 

Standards/Strategy 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 

1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Hanford–Corcoran

County: Kings

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

 Schedule 

Hanford–

Irwin Neighborhood Population Research Support Timely/Public 1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Merced

County: Merced

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

 Schedule 

Merced–

Coffee Neighborhood Population Research Support Timely/Public 1–Hour 

1 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 and was relocated to the Bakersfield– Municipal 

 Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) AMS in 2012. The PM2.5 monitor operated for a short time. See Appendix C for details. 

 
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Table 16b San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 SPM monitor information (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Stockton

County: San Joaquin

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Tracy–

Airport Neighborhood Regional transport 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 1–Hour 

MSA/CBSA: Visalia–Porterville

County: Tulare

Site Name Scale Site Type Monitoring 

Objective 

Sampling 

Schedule 

Sequoia–

Ash 

Mountain 

Regional Regional 

transport 

Research Support 

Timely/Public 1–Hour 

Porterville Neighborhood Population Research Support 

Timely/Public 1–Hour 

Visalia–

Church Neighborhood Population Area–wide 1–Hour 

Table 17 San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 monitor types 

MSA/CBSA: Bakersfield

County: Kern1

Instrument Type Monitor Type

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name 

Bakersfield–Planz 1 1 

Bakersfield–California 1 1 

 1 1 

Lebec 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 2 2 

MSA/CBSA: Fresno

County: Fresno

Instrument Type Monitor Type

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Clovis–Villa 1 1 1 

Fresno–Garland 

1 1 

 1 1 

Fresno–Pacific 1 1 

Fresno–Drummond 1 1 

Huron 1 1 

Tranquillity 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 3 4 

 1 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 and was relocated 

 to the Bakersfield–Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) AMS in 2012. The PM10 and 

 PM2.5 monitors were operational at Bakersfield–Muni from July 2012 until late 

 February 2013. See Appendix C for details.
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Table 17 San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 monitor types (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Hanford– 

Corcoran

County: Kings

Instrument Type Monitor Type

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Corcoran–Patterson 1 1 

 

Hanford–Irwin 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 1 1

MSA/CBSA: Madera

County: Madera

Instrument Type Monitor Type

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Madera–City 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 1

MSA/CBSA: Merced

County: Merced

Instrument Type Monitor Type

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Merced–Coffee 1 1 

Merced–M Street 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 1 1

MSA/CBSA: Stockton

County: San Joaquin

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Manteca 1 1 

Stockton–Hazelton 1 1 

Tracy–Airport 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 2 1

MSA/CBSA: Modesto

County: Stanislaus

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name 

Modesto–14th Street 1 1 2 

Turlock 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 3

 
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Table 17 San Joaquin Valley PM2.5 monitor types (Continued) 

MSA/CBSA: Visalia– 

Porterville

County: Tulare

Instrument Type Monitor Type 

FRM FEM Non–FEM SLAMS SPM

Site Name

Porterville 1 1 

Sequoia–Ash Mountain 1 1 

Visalia–Church 1 1 

 1 1 

Total SLAMS/SPM 1 3

PM Collocation Requirements 

(40 CFR 58 Appendix A, Sections 3.2.5 and 3.2.6) 

The District’s Particulate Matter collocation requirements are met by the “Primary 

Quality Assurance Organization” (PQAO). ARB is the PQAO for the District as well as 

several other air districts. See CARB’s Air Monitoring Network Plans for details on how 

collocation requirements are met by the PQAO. 

Public Review of Changes to the PM2.5 Monitoring Network 

Public input is required whenever the District proposes to move an existing violating 

PM2.5 monitor (40 CFR 58.10(c)). The District uses the annual Air Monitoring Network 

Plan to notify and seek public comment on any planned changes to the existing PM2.5 

network. The public has 30 days to comment on the Monitoring Network Plan and any 

PM2.5 network changes. The plan is posted on the District website, and public notice is 

published in a newspaper of general circulation in each affected CBSA. 

In the event of unanticipated changes to the PM2.5 network that occur outside the 

Monitoring Network Plan process, the District will post public notice in Valley 

newspapers, post a document describing the proposed changes on its website, and 

seek public comment. 

Carbon Monoxide 

On August 12, 2011 EPA issued the decision to retain the existing NAAQS for CO. The 

primary standards are 9 parts per million (ppm) measured over 8 hours, and 35 ppm 

measured over 1 hour. As specified in 40 CFR Part 58 Appendix D Section 4.2, one 

CO monitor is required to be placed at a “near–road” NO2 monitoring station in a CBSA 

with population of 1 million or more. Moving an existing monitor to a new location is 

acceptable. 

At NCore sites, CO monitors required in CBSAs with populations of 2.5 million or more 

are to be operating by January 1, 2015, and CO monitors required in CBSAs with 

populations of 1 million or more are to be operational by January 1, 2017. Currently, the 

CBSAs within the District are comprised of less than 1 million people, thus the District is 

not required to place a CO monitor at a near–road NO2 monitoring station. EPA is 
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providing authority to EPA Regional Administrators to require additional monitoring in 

case–by–case circumstances, such as in areas impacted by major stationary CO 

sources, in urban downtown areas, or urban street canyons, or in areas adversely 

impacted by meteorological and/or topographical influences. 

In the past, monitoring has shown that the Valley’s CO concentrations have not 

exceeded the NAAQS for over a decade. As noted in Section 4.2 of Appendix D of 40 

CFR Part 58, there are no minimum requirements of the number of CO monitoring sites. 

The District continues CO monitoring to supplement related meteorological and criteria 

pollutant data. Table 18 summarizes the Valley’s CO monitoring sites. 

Table 18 Carbon Monoxide Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley 

Site Name Sampling Frequency Scale Site Type Objective

Bakersfield–Muni 1 Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy 

Clovis–Villa Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy 

Fresno–Drummond Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy 

Fresno–Garland 2 Continuous Neighborhood Population Max Precursor 

Emissions Impact 

Fresno–Sky Park Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy 

Modesto–14th Street Continuous Neighborhood Population Population Exposure 

Stockton– Hazelton Continuous Neighborhood Population Population Exposure 

Turlock Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy 

1 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 and has been relocated to the Bakersfield– 

 Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) site. 

2

In December 2011, CARB moved the Fresno–First air monitoring station to Garland Avenue which is two blocks 

 north of the Fresno–First site. 

Nitrogen Dioxide 

In 2010, EPA retained the annual average NO2 standard of 53 ppb, and established a 

new 1–hour NO2 standard at the level of 100 parts per billion (ppb). Recognizing that 

the current NO2 network is not adequate for fully assessing compliance with the new 

NAAQS, EPA finalized a Three–Tier Network design that will represent NO2

concentrations that occur near freeways, urban areas, and locations aimed at protecting 

susceptible and vulnerable communities. Per 40 CFR Part 58, the Three–Tier Network 

design is comprised of: 

(1) In CBSAs with more than 1,000,000 people, one monitor that represents highest 

NO2 exposure with a neighborhood scale or larger 

(2) Near–road monitoring at locations of expected maximum 1–hour NO2

concentrations near heavily trafficked roads in urban areas 

(3) A NO2 network consisting of 40 monitors designed by the Regional 

Administrators to protect susceptible and vulnerable communities 
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Even though the District is not required to have an area–wide monitor, the District 

operates an extensive NO2 monitoring network. The District locates NO2 analyzers as 

required at PAMS AMSs and generally collocates NO2 analyzers wherever an ozone 

monitor is required. Currently, these 16 monitors indicate that the District has low NO2 

levels that would be in compliance with both the NO2 standards if the site met NAAQS 

siting criteria. Because these measurements are low and traffic volumes are also low 

when compared to other areas of the State, the District anticipates meeting the hourly 

standard once the near–road monitors are built and begin collecting data. The NO2

monitoring stations in the San Joaquin Valley are shown in Table 19. 

The District is in the process of locating and building one NO2 near–road monitoring site 

in each of the Fresno, Bakersfield, Stockton, and Modesto CBSAs (four in total). The 

District has found potential NO2 near–road monitoring sites in the Bakersfield and 

Fresno CBSAs. The required documentation for these two NO2 near–road monitoring 

sites is found in Appendix D and E. The search for the other two locations is continuing 

and will be presented to the public as required by the CFR. 

The third network, the Regional Administrator Required Monitoring Network (RA40) will 

consist of 40 NO2 sites located throughout the United States and their locations will be 

determined by the Regional Administrators. These 40 sites would be in addition to the 

minimum NO2 monitoring requirements. The specific locations for these sites have not 

been determined by EPA Region 9. The District will work with EPA Region 9 to address 

RA40 NO2 siting, as appropriate. 
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Table 19 NO2 Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley 

Site Name Sampling 

Frequency Scale Site Type Objective 

Bakersfield– 

California Continuous Neighborhood Population Population Exposure 

Bakersfield–

Muni 1 Continuous Neighborhood High Concentration Standards/Strategy, Research 

Clovis–Villa Continuous Neighborhood High Concentration Standards/Strategy, 

Research 

Edison Continuous Neighborhood Population Population Exposure 

Fresno– 

Drummond Continuous Neighborhood High Concentration Standards/Strategy 

Fresno–

Garland Continuous Neighborhood Population Max Precursor 

Emissions Impact 

Fresno–Sky 

Park Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Hanford–Irwin Continuous Neighborhood Population 

Standards/Strategy, 

Research, 

Timely/Public 

Madera–

Pump Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy, 

Research 

Merced–

Coffee Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Parlier Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/strategy, 

Research 

Shafter Continuous Neighborhood Population Population exposure 

Stockton– 

Hazelton Continuous Neighborhood Population Population Exposure 

Tracy–Airport Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Turlock Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

Visalia– 

Church Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/Strategy 

1 The Bakersfield–Golden State NO2 monitor was relocated to the Bakersfield–Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) 

 site in 2012. 

Sulfur Dioxide 

In 2010, EPA revised the SO2 NAAQS and monitoring requirements in the Federal 

Register (CFR, 40 CFR Part 58, Section 4.4). EPA established a new primary 1–hour 

standard of 75 parts per billion (ppb), and also revoked the previous 24–hour and 

annual primary standards. The number of monitor requirements for SO2 is determined 

by the Populations Weighted Emissions Index (PWEI) value in units of million persons–

tons per year. The PWEI is calculated using each CBSA’s updated census data or 

estimates, and a combined total of the latest available county level SO2 emissions data 

in the National Emissions Inventory for the counties in each CBSA. The population of a 
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CBSA is multiplied with the total amount of SO2 in tons per year emitted within a CBSA, 

and the resulting product is then divided by one million to produce the PWEI value. The 

Valley’s PWEI values are shown in Table 20a. 

Table 20a Populations Weighted Emissions Index for the San Joaquin Valley 

County 

(CBSA) 

Total County 

Population 1

SO2 Tons 

per Year 2 PWEI 

Fresno 945,711 458 433 

Kern 850,006 2,212 1,880 

Kings 152,419 55 8 

Madera 152,074 113 17 

Merced 258,736 66 17 

San Joaquin 695,750 1,097 763 

Stanislaus 519,940 312 162 

Tulare 450,840 122 55 

1

 Total County Population includes the entire county. Population data from California Department of 

 Finance E–1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, January 1, 2012. 

2

 SO2 Tons per Year includes the entire county. SO2 data is from the most recent data available from the 2008 

 National Emissions Inventory for each county. The data from the 2009 National Emissions Inventory for each 

 county are not yet available. 

As per 40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D Section 4.4, at least three SO2 monitors are 

required in CBSAs with a PWEI value equal to or greater than 1,000,000. CBSAs with a 

PWEI value equal to or greater than 100,000, but less than 1,000,000, are required to 

have at least two SO2 monitors. A minimum of one SO2 is required in CBSAs with a 

PWEI value equal to or greater than 5,000, but less than 100,000. There is no required 

number of SO2 monitors for CBSAs that do not exceed the federal standard for SO2. 

The Valley does not exceed the federal standard for SO2 but there is one SO2

monitoring site in the Valley (shown in Table 20b). This Fresno–Garland monitor is 

operated by CARB and is part of the NCore Network. 

Table 20b SO2 Monitoring Station in the San Joaquin Valley 

Site Name Sampling 

Frequency Scale Site Type Objective 

Fresno–

Garland Continuous Neighborhood Population Standards/ Strategy 

Lead 

EPA revised the lead NAAQS and monitoring requirements in the Federal Register on 

November 12, 2008 (40 CFR 58.10). The rule became effective on January 26, 

2011. EPA requires monitoring agencies to install non–source oriented lead monitors at 

NCore sites in CBSAs with populations of 500,000 or greater. The only site meeting 

these criteria within the District is Fresno–Garland which is operated by the California 
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Air Resources Board. In December 2011, CARB installed a TSP–Lead sampler to 

satisfy this requirement. EPA also requires state monitoring agencies to use the 

emission threshold of 0.5 tons per year (tpy) when determining if a monitor should be 

placed near an industrial facility that emits lead. The emission threshold for airport 

sources is 1.0 tpy, except for airports that are included in special studies. The District 

has not identified any lead sources above the aforementioned thresholds, thus it is not 

required to monitor for that threshold at this time. 

Toxics 

The airborne toxics program is run by the CARB. Toxics measurements are collected at 

Bakersfield–California, Fresno–Garland, and Stockton–Hazelton. Periodic, 24–hour 

samples are analyzed for the following gases: benzene, Carbon tetrachloride, 

chloroform, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, methyl chloroform, methylene 

chloride, perchloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, and m–, p–, and o–xylene. The 

samples are also analyzed for the following particulate metals: arsenic and chromium–

6. CARB’s Integrated NMOC sampling program and the District’s PAMS NMOC 

sampling program also identify and quantify several toxic hydrocarbon species. 

NCore 

EPA’s October 2006 ambient air monitoring amendments established a requirement for 

National Core (NCore) multi–pollutant monitoring stations to be operational by January 

1, 2011. The Fresno–First AMS, which was operated by CARB, was selected by EPA 

to be an NCore site. CARB submitted an NCore plan to EPA in November 2009. The 

Fresno––First site already met the NCore requirements for filter–based and continuous 

PM2.5, speciated PM2.5, ozone, and meteorology. In December 2010, CARB installed 

trace level CO, trace level SO2, trace level NOy, and continuous PM–Coarse monitors 

at this site. A gas dilution calibrator, a zero air generator, and digital data loggers were 

also installed to support NCore monitoring. In December 2011, CARB installed a TSP–

lead sampler which completed all the pollutant monitoring requirements for the NCore 

program. Additionally, CARB moved the Fresno–First AMS to Garland Avenue which is 

two blocks north of the Fresno–First site. The Fresno–Garland AMS continues to serve 

as an NCore site. This relocation was recently approved by EPA, see Appendix F for 

details. 

Meteorology 

A variety of meteorological parameters are measured for various District programs 

affected by weather. Such programs include air quality forecasting, PAMS, exceptional 

events, long–term planning, and pollutant trend assessment. These activities help 

protect public health and have made the public and media more aware of air quality and 

what can be done to reduce air pollution. See Table 21 for the meteorological 

parameters measured in the Valley. 
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Table 21 Meteorological Parameter Monitoring Stations in the San Joaquin Valley 

Site Wind 

Speed 

Wind 

Direction 

Outdoor 

Temperature 

Relative 

Humidity 

Barometric 

Pressure 

Solar 

Radiation

Arvin–Di Giorgio X 

Bakersfield–California X X X X X X 

Bakersfield–Muni 1 X X X X X X 

Clovis–Villa X X X X X X 

Corcoran–Patterson X X X X 

Edison X X X 

Fresno–Drummond X X X X 

Fresno–Garland X X X X X 

Fresno–Sky Park X X X 

Hanford–Irwin X X X X 

Huron X 

Lebec X X X X 

Madera–City X X X X X X 

Madera–Pump Yard X X X X X X 

Manteca X X X X 

Maricopa X X X X 

Merced–Coffee X X X 

Modesto–14th Street X X X X 

Oildale X X X 

Parlier X X X X X X 

Porterville X X X X 

Sequoia–Ash Mountain X X X X X 

Sequoia–Lower 

Kaweah X X X X X 

Shafter X X X X X X 

Stockton–Hazelton X X X X 

Tracy–Airport X X X X 

Tranquillity X X X X 

Turlock X X X X 

Visalia–Church X X X X 

Visalia–Airport X X X X X X 

 1 The Bakersfield–Golden State AMS was closed in December 2009 and has been relocated to the Bakersfield– 

 Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) site. 
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Summary of Recent Changes to the District’s Air Monitoring Network 

(Period: 2011 through Current) 

• In 2011 and 2012, Anderson sampling instruments at the Fresno–Pacific, Merced–M 

Street, Corcoran, Clovis, and Corcoran monitoring sites were replaced with Partisol 

Units. 

• In December 2011, CARB moved the Fresno–First AMS to Garland Avenue which is 

two blocks north of the Fresno–First site. The new site is now referred to as 

Fresno–Garland and became operational on December 31, 2011. On March 7, 

2013, EPA official approved the relocation and a copy of the letter is attached as 

Appendix F.

• In 2011, the Corcoran AMS was shut down temporarily due to safety issues and 

repairs were made to the site. The site resumed operating in August 2012 with a 

Grimm 180 PM2.5 monitor being used for acceptance testing and evaluation 

purposes, a real–time PM10 monitor, and a filter–based PM2.5 FRM monitor. 

Redundant PM10 monitors were removed and the higher time resolution monitor 

kept. The collocated PM10 monitor was moved to the Fresno–Drummond site. 

• The collocated PM10 monitor at the Fresno–Drummond site began reporting data in 

October 2012. 

• The temporary PM10 monitor at the Bakersfield–California site was moved to the 

Bakersfield–Muni site which replaced the Bakersfield–Golden site however the 

monitor is no longer operating at Bakersfield–Muni since PM monitoring is being 

moved to a new location (see Appendix C for details). 

• A PM2.5 FEM/BAM Special Purpose Monitor was installed at the Fresno Drummond 

site in October 2012. The purpose of this analyzer is to provide data to compare 

with the Fresno–Pacific analyzer. 

• In December 2009, the District was forced to close the Bakersfield–Golden State 

Highway (Bakersfield–Golden) air monitoring station (AMS) due to the expansion of 

Golden State Highway and subsequent loss of the air monitoring site lease. As 

referenced in the District’s previous Network Plans as a planned change to the air 

monitoring network, the Bakersfield–Golden AMS was relocated to the Bakersfield–

Municipal Airport (Bakersfield–Muni) site. The Bakersfield–Muni site was intended 

to serve primarily as a PAMS Type 2 site, in addition to providing monitoring of both 

PM10 and PM2.5 for forecasting purposes. All of the equipment was installed in 

2012. However, it soon became apparent that this site was not acceptable as a 

PM10 and PM2.5 site because site specific emissions from nearby sources were 

impacting the site, and the site was therefore not measuring ambient particulate 

concentrations. The PM10 and PM2.5 analyzers were subsequently removed at the 

end of February 2013, for potential relocation to a better site as soon as 

practicable. For complete details see Appendix C. 
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Summary of Planned Changes to the District’s Air Monitoring Network 

(Period: Current through Mid–2014) 

The Valley air monitoring network is continually being improved. MSA–specific changes 

are generally described below. Before any action is taken on the planned changes 

noted in this section, the District will work with ARB and EPA, as appropriate, to address 

necessary requirements for documentation. 

EPA has recently changed both CO and NOx monitoring regulations. EPA has noted 

that some of the existing analyzers are no longer needed for NAAQS purposes. The 

District will examine the CO and NOx monitoring network requirements to determine 

whether or not changes are needed to the existing network. 

Stockton CBSA/MSA 

The District is planning on shutting down the Stockton Wagner/Holt AMS PM10 AMS in 

2013, given that the existing Stockton Hazelton PM10 AMS meets the minimum PM10 

monitoring requirements for Stockton CBSA/MSA. Additionally, PM10 Special Purpose 

Monitors (SPM) in Tracy and Manteca provide PM10 monitoring in Stockton 

CBSA/MSA. Required documentation for this change will be provided to EPA outside of 

this network plan. 

Modesto CBSA/MSA 

The District does not have any changes scheduled for this MSA during this time period. 

Merced CBSA/MSA 

The District does not have any changes scheduled for this MSA during this time period. 

Madera CBSA/MSA 

The District may investigate consolidating Madera–Pump into the Madera–City site. 

Fresno CBSA/MSA 

The District is investigating consolidating Fresno–Pacific into the Fresno–Drummond 

site. To provide supporting information, the District has installed an SPM at the Fresno–

Drummond AMS. In addition, a NOy monitor will be added to the Parlier site comply with 

the regulations for PAMS Type 3 sites. 

Hanford–Corcoran CBSA/MSA 

The District has started analyzing the data from the Grimm 180 and preliminary 

indications are that the Grimm 180 measurements are running considerably higher than 

those of the FRM monitor. In order to meet District’s needs, the Grimm 180 

measurements should reasonably match the measurements of the FRM. While the 
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Grimm 180 has earned a FEM certification by EPA, the District has found that not all 

FEM certified analyzers work well in the San Joaquin Valley. 

Visalia–Porterville CBSA/MSA 

The District does not have any changes scheduled for this MSA during this time period. 

Bakersfield CBSA/MSA 

The District plans to install PAMS Type 3 equipment when space becomes available at 

an appropriate location in the Arvin area. 

Data Submission Requirements 

Air Quality and Precision data are submitted to EPA on an ongoing basis once all air 

quality assurance checks are completed by the District. Accuracy data is submitted to 

EPA by CARB as part of their scheduled audits. The District has certified the 2012 Air 

Quality data. 
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Acronyms and Abbreviations 

AIRS: Aerometric Information Retrieval System 

AQI: Air Quality Index 

AQS: Air Quality System 

CARB: California Air Resources Board 

ARM: Approved Regional Method 

BAM: Beta Attenuation Monitor 

CAA: Clean Air Act 

CBSA: Core–Based Statistical Area 

CCOS: Central California Ozone Study 

CFR: Code of Federal Regulations 

CRPAQS: California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study 

CO: Carbon Monoxide 

CO2: Carbon Dioxide 

CSA: Combined statistical area 

District: San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District 

EBAM: Environmental Beta Attenuation Monitor 

EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

FEM: Federal Equivalent Method 

FIPS: Federal information processing standard 

FR: Federal Register 

FRM: Federal Reference Method 

GHG: Green House Gases 

MSA: Metropolitan statistical area 

NAAQS: National Ambient Air Quality Standard 

NCore: National Core 

NMOC: Non–Methane Organic Compounds 

NO2: Nitrogen Dioxide 

NOAA: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

NOx: Oxides of Nitrogen 

NOy: Reactive Nitrogen 

NPS: National Park Service 

O3: Ozone 

PAMS: Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station 

Pb: Lead 

PM: Particulate Matter 

PM2.5: Particulate Matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter 

PM10: Particulate Matter 10 microns or less in diameter 

SLAMS: State and Local Air Monitoring Station 

SJV: San Joaquin Valley 

SJVAPCD: San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District 

SMS: Smoke Management System 

SO2: Sulfur Dioxide 

SPM: Special Purpose Monitor 

STN: Speciated Trends Network 

TEOM: Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance 

TSP: Total Suspended Particles 

Valley: San Joaquin Valley 

VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds 
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