Date: July 27, 2012 

Subject: Redline Version of the NESHAP for the Pulp and Paper Industry Showing 

Promulgated Amendments 

EPA Contract No. EP-D-11-084; Work Assignment No. 0-03 

From: Katie Hanks 

Thomas Holloway 

To: John Bradfield 

Bill Schrock 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 

The purpose of this memorandum is to present a redline version of the national emission 

standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for the pulp and paper industry (40 CFR part 

63, subpart S), which shows the amendments being promulgated for the NESHAP, including the 

requirement for 5-year repeat emissions testing for selected process equipment; revisions to 

provisions addressing periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction; a requirement for electronic 

reporting; additional test methods for measuring methanol emissions; and technical and editorial 

changes. 
Page 1 of 114 

Subpart S—National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 

Pollutants from the Pulp and Paper Industry 

§63.440 Applicability. 

(a) The provisions of this subpart apply to the owner or 

operator of processes that produce pulp, paper, or paperboard; 

that are located at a plant site that is a major source as 

defined in §63.2 of subpart A of this part; and that use the 

following processes and materials: 

(1) Kraft, soda, sulfite, or semi-chemical pulping 

processes using wood; or 

(2) Mechanical pulping processes using wood; or 

(3) Any process using secondary or non-wood fibers. 

(b) The affected source to which the existing source 

provisions of this subpart apply is as follows: 

(1) For the processes specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this 

section, the affected source is the total of all HAP emission 

points in the pulping and bleaching systems; or 

(2) For the processes specified in paragraphs (a)(2) or 

(a)(3) of this section, the affected source is the total of all 

HAP emission points in the bleaching system. 

(c) The new source provisions of this subpart apply to the 

total of all HAP emission points at new or existing sources as 

follows: 
Page 2 of 114 

(1) Each affected source defined in paragraph (b)(1) of 

this section that commences construction or reconstruction after 

December 17, 1993; 

(2) Each pulping system or bleaching system for the 

processes specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section that 

commences construction or reconstruction after December 17, 

1993; 

(3) Each additional pulping or bleaching line at the 

processes specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, that 

commences construction after December 17, 1993; 

(4) Each affected source defined in paragraph (b)(2) of 

this section that commences construction or reconstruction after 

March 8, 1996; or 

(5) Each additional bleaching line at the processes 

specified in paragraphs (a)(2) or (a)(3) of this section, that 

commences construction after March 8, 1996. 

(d) Each existing source shall achieve compliance no later 

than April 16, 2001, except as provided in paragraphs (d)(1) 

through (d)(3) of this section. 

(1) Each kraft pulping system shall achieve compliance with 

the pulping system provisions of §63.443 for the equipment 

listed in §63.443(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(v) as expeditiously 

as practicable, but in no event later than April 17, 2006 and 
Page 3 of 114 

the owners and operators shall establish dates, update dates, 

and report the dates for the milestones specified in §63.455(b). 

(2) Each dissolving-grade bleaching system at either kraft 

or sulfite pulping mills shall achieve compliance with the 

bleach plant provisions of §63.445 of this subpart as 

expeditiously as practicable, but in no event later than 3 years 

after the promulgation of the revised effluent limitation 

guidelines and standards under 40 CFR 430.14 through 430.17 and 

40 CFR 430.44 through 430.47. 

(3) Each bleaching system complying with the Voluntary 

Advanced Technology Incentives Program for Effluent Limitation 

Guidelines in 40 CFR 430.24, shall comply with the requirements 

specified in either paragraph (d)(3)(i) or (d)(3)(ii) of this 

section for the effluent limitation guidelines and standards in 

40 CFR 430.24. 

(i) Comply with the bleach plant provisions of §63.445 of 

this subpart as expeditiously as practicable, but in no event 

later than April 16, 2001. 

(ii) Comply with paragraphs (d)(3)(ii)(A), (d)(3)(ii)(B), 

and (d)(3)(ii)(C) of this section. 

(A) The owner or operator of a bleaching system shall 

comply with the bleach plant provisions of §63.445 of this 
Page 4 of 114 

subpart as expeditiously as practicable, but in no event later 

than April 15, 2004. 

(B) The owner or operator of a bleaching system shall 

comply with the requirements specified in either paragraph 

(d)(3)(ii)(B)(1) or (d)(3)(ii)(B)(2) of this section. 

(1) Not increase the application rate of chlorine or 

hypochlorite in kilograms (kg) of bleaching agent per megagram 

of ODP, in the bleaching system above the average daily rates 

used over the three months prior to June 15, 1998 until the 

requirements of paragraph (d)(3)(ii)(A) of this section are met 

and record application rates as specified in §63.454(c). 

(2) Comply with enforceable effluent limitations guidelines 

for 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin and adsorbable organic 

halides at least as stringent as the baseline BAT levels set out 

in 40 CFR 430.24(a)(1) as expeditiously as possible, but in no 

event later than April 16, 2001. 

(C) Owners and operators shall establish dates, update 

dates, and report the dates for the milestones specified in 

§63.455(b). 

(e) Each new source, specified as the total of all HAP 

emission points for the sources specified in paragraph (c) of 

this section, shall achieve compliance upon start-up or June 15, 
Page 5 of 114 

1998, whichever is later, as provided in §63.6(b) of subpart A 

of this part. 

(f) Each owner or operator of an affected source with 

affected process equipment shared by more than one type of 

pulping process, shall comply with the applicable requirement in 

this subpart that achieves the maximum degree of reduction in 

HAP emissions. 

(g) Each owner or operator of an affected source specified 

in paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section must comply with 

the requirements of subpart A—General Provisions of this part, 

as indicated in table 1 to this subpart. 

§63.441 Definitions. 

All terms used in this subpart shall have the meaning given 

them in the CAA, in subpart A of this part, and in this section 

as follows: 

Acid condensate storage tank means any storage tank 

containing cooking acid following the sulfur dioxide gas 

fortification process. 

Affirmative defense means, in the context of an enforcement 

proceeding, a response or defense put forward by a defendant, 

regarding which the defendant has the burden of proof, and the 

merits of which are independently and objectively evaluated in a 

judicial or administrative proceeding.
Page 6 of 114 

Black liquor means spent cooking liquor that has been 

separated from the pulp produced by the kraft, soda, or semichemical pulping process. 

Bleaching means brightening of pulp by the addition of 

oxidizing chemicals or reducing chemicals. 

Bleaching line means a group of bleaching stages arranged 

in series such that bleaching of the pulp progresses as the pulp 

moves from one stage to the next. 

Bleaching stage means all process equipment associated with 

a discrete step of chemical application and removal in the 

bleaching process including chemical and steam mixers, bleaching 

towers, washers, seal (filtrate) tanks, vacuum pumps, and any 

other equipment serving the same function as those previously 

listed. 

Bleaching system means all process equipment after highdensity pulp storage prior to the first application of oxidizing 

chemicals or reducing chemicals following the pulping system, up 

to and including the final bleaching stage. 

Boiler means any enclosed combustion device that extracts 

useful energy in the form of steam. A boiler is not considered a 

thermal oxidizer. 
Page 7 of 114 

Chip steamer means a vessel used for the purpose of 

preheating or pretreating wood chips prior to the digester, 

using flash steam from the digester or live steam. 

Closed-vent system means a system that is not open to the 

atmosphere and is composed of piping, ductwork, connections, 

and, if necessary, flow-inducing devices that transport gas or 

vapor from an emission point to a control device. 

Combustion device means an individual unit of equipment, 

including but not limited to, a thermal oxidizer, lime kiln, 

recovery furnace, process heater, or boiler, used for the 

thermal oxidation of organic hazardous air pollutant vapors. 

Decker system means all equipment used to thicken the pulp 

slurry or reduce its liquid content after the pulp washing 

system and prior to high-density pulp storage. The decker system 

includes decker vents, filtrate tanks, associated vacuum pumps, 

and any other equipment serving the same function as those 

previously listed. 

Digester system means each continuous digester or each 

batch digester used for the chemical treatment of wood or nonwood fibers. The digester system equipment includes associated 

flash tank(s), blow tank(s), chip steamer(s) not using fresh 

steam, blow heat recovery accumulator(s), relief gas 

condenser(s), prehydrolysis unit(s) preceding the pulp washing 
Page 8 of 114 

system, and any other equipment serving the same function as 

those previously listed. The digester system includes any of the 

liquid streams or condensates associated with batch or 

continuous digester relief, blow, or flash steam processes. 

Emission point means any part of a stationary source that 

emits hazardous air pollutants regulated under this subpart, 

including emissions from individual process vents, stacks, open 

pieces of process equipment, equipment leaks, wastewater and 

condensate collection and treatment system units, and those 

emissions that could reasonably be conveyed through a stack, 

chimney, or duct where such emissions first reach the 

environment. 

Evaporator system means all equipment associated with 

increasing the solids content and/or concentrating spent cooking 

liquor from the pulp washing system including pre-evaporators, 

multi-effect evaporators, concentrators, and vacuum systems, as 

well as associated condensers, hotwells, and condensate streams, 

and any other equipment serving the same function as those 

previously listed. 

Flow indicator means any device that indicates gas or 

liquid flow in an enclosed system. 

HAP means a hazardous air pollutant as defined in §63.2 of 

subpart A of this part. 
Page 9 of 114 

High volume, low concentration or HVLC collection system

means the gas collection and transport system used to convey 

gases from the HVLC system to a control device. 

High volume, low concentration or HVLC system means the 

collection of equipment including the pulp washing, knotter, 

screen, decker, and oxygen delignification systems, weak liquor 

storage tanks, and any other equipment serving the same function 

as those previously listed. 

Knotter system means equipment where knots, oversized 

material, or pieces of uncooked wood are removed from the pulp 

slurry after the digester system and prior to the pulp washing 

system. The knotter system equipment includes the knotter, knot 

drainer tanks, ancillary tanks, and any other equipment serving 

the same function as those previously listed. 

Kraft pulping means a chemical pulping process that uses a 

mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide as the cooking 

liquor. 

Lime kiln means an enclosed combustion device used to 

calcine lime mud, which consists primarily of calcium carbonate, 

into calcium oxide. 

Low volume, high concentration or LVHC collection system

means the gas collection and transport system used to convey 

gases from the LVHC system to a control device. 
Page 10 of 114 

Low volume, high concentration or LVHC system means the 

collection of equipment including the digester, turpentine 

recovery, evaporator, steam stripper systems, and any other 

equipment serving the same function as those previously listed. 

Mechanical pulping means a pulping process that only uses 

mechanical and thermo-mechanical processes to reduce wood to a 

fibrous mass. The mechanical pulping processes include, but are 

not limited to, stone groundwood, pressurized groundwood, 

refiner mechanical, thermal refiner mechanical, thermomechanical, and tandem thermo-mechanical. 

Non-wood pulping means the production of pulp from fiber 

sources other than trees. The non-wood fiber sources include, 

but are not limited to, bagasse, cereal straw, cotton, flax 

straw, hemp, jute, kenaf, and leaf fibers. 

Oven-dried pulp or ODP means a pulp sample at zero percent 

moisture content by weight. Pulp samples for applicability or 

compliance determinations for both the pulping and bleaching 

systems shall be unbleached pulp. For purposes of complying with 

mass emission limits in this subpart, megagram of ODP shall be 

measured to represent the amount of pulp entering and processed 

by the equipment system under the specified mass limit. For 

equipment that does not process pulp, megagram of ODP shall be 
Page 11 of 114 

measured to represent the amount of pulp that was processed to 

produce the gas and liquid streams. 

Oxygen delignification system means the equipment that uses 

oxygen to remove lignin from pulp after high-density stock 

storage and prior to the bleaching system. The oxygen 

delignification system equipment includes the blow tank, 

washers, filtrate tanks, any interstage pulp storage tanks, and 

any other equipment serving the same function as those 

previously listed. 

Primary fuel means the fuel that provides the principal 

heat input to the combustion device. To be considered primary, 

the fuel must be able to sustain operation of the combustion 

device without the addition of other fuels. 

Process wastewater treatment system means a collection of 

equipment, a process, or specific technique that removes or 

destroys the HAPs in a process wastewater stream. Examples 

include, but are not limited to, a steam stripping unit, 

wastewater thermal oxidizer, or biological treatment unit. 

Pulp washing system means all equipment used to wash pulp 

and separate spent cooking chemicals following the digester 

system and prior to the bleaching system, oxygen delignification 

system, or paper machine system (at unbleached mills). The pulp 

washing system equipment includes vacuum drum washers, diffusion 
Page 12 of 114 

washers, rotary pressure washers, horizontal belt filters, 

intermediate stock chests, and their associated vacuum pumps, 

filtrate tanks, foam breakers or tanks, and any other equipment 

serving the same function as those previously listed. The pulp 

washing system does not include deckers, screens, knotters, 

stock chests, or pulp storage tanks following the last stage of 

pulp washing. 

Pulping line means a group of equipment arranged in series 

such that the wood chips are digested and the resulting pulp 

progresses through a sequence of steps that may include 

knotting, refining, washing, thickening, blending, storing, 

oxygen delignification, and any other equipment serving the same 

function as those previously listed. 

Pulping process condensates means any HAP-containing liquid 

that results from contact of water with organic compounds in the 

pulping process. Examples of process condensates include 

digester system condensates, turpentine recovery system 

condensates, evaporator system condensates, LVHC system 

condensates, HVLC system condensates, and any other condensates 

from equipment serving the same function as those previously 

listed. Liquid streams that are intended for byproduct recovery 

are not considered process condensate streams. 
Page 13 of 114 

Pulping system means all process equipment, beginning with 

the digester system, and up to and including the last piece of 

pulp conditioning equipment prior to the bleaching system, 

including treatment with ozone, oxygen, or peroxide before the 

first application of a chemical bleaching agent intended to 

brighten pulp. The pulping system includes pulping process 

condensates and can include multiple pulping lines. 

Recovery furnace means an enclosed combustion device where 

concentrated spent liquor is burned to recover sodium and 

sulfur, produce steam, and dispose of unwanted dissolved wood 

components in the liquor. 

Screen system means equipment in which oversized particles 

are removed from the pulp slurry prior to the bleaching or 

papermaking system washed stock storage. 

Secondary fiber pulping means a pulping process that 

converts a fibrous material, that has previously undergone a 

manufacturing process, into pulp stock through the addition of 

water and mechanical energy. The mill then uses that pulp as the 

raw material in another manufactured product. These mills may 

also utilize chemical, heat, and mechanical processes to remove 

ink particles from the fiber stock. 

Semi-chemical pulping means a pulping process that combines 

both chemical and mechanical pulping processes. The semi-
Page 14 of 114 

chemical pulping process produces intermediate yields ranging 

from 55 to 90 percent. 

Soda pulping means a chemical pulping process that uses 

sodium hydroxide as the active chemical in the cooking liquor. 

Spent liquor means process liquid generated from the 

separation of cooking liquor from pulp by the pulp washing 

system containing dissolved organic wood materials and residual 

cooking compounds. 

Steam stripper system means a column (including associated 

stripper feed tanks, condensers, or heat exchangers) used to 

remove compounds from wastewater or condensates using steam. The 

steam stripper system also contains all equipment associated 

with a methanol rectification process including rectifiers, 

condensers, decanters, storage tanks, and any other equipment 

serving the same function as those previously listed. 

Strong liquor storage tanks means all storage tanks 

containing liquor that has been concentrated in preparation for 

combustion or oxidation in the recovery process. 

Sulfite pulping means a chemical pulping process that uses 

a mixture of sulfurous acid and bisulfite ion as the cooking 

liquor. 

Temperature monitoring device means a piece of equipment 

used to monitor temperature and having an accuracy of ±1.0 
Page 15 of 114 

percent of the temperature being monitored expressed in degrees 

Celsius or ±0.5 degrees Celsius ( °C), whichever is greater. 

Thermal oxidizer means an enclosed device that destroys 

organic compounds by thermal oxidation. 

Turpentine recovery system means all equipment associated 

with recovering turpentine from digester system gases including 

condensers, decanters, storage tanks, and any other equipment 

serving the same function as those previously listed. The 

turpentine recovery system includes any liquid streams 

associated with the turpentine recovery process such as 

turpentine decanter underflow. Liquid streams that are intended 

for byproduct recovery are not considered turpentine recovery 

system condensate streams. 

Weak liquor storage tank means any storage tank except 

washer filtrate tanks containing spent liquor recovered from the 

pulping process and prior to the evaporator system. 

§ 63.442 [Reserved] 

§ 63.443 Standards for the pulping system at kraft, soda, and 

semi-chemical processes. 

(a) The owner or operator of each pulping system using the 

kraft process subject to the requirements of this subpart shall 

control the total HAP emissions from the following equipment 

systems, as specified in paragraphs 

(c) and (d) of this section. 
Page 16 of 114 

(1) At existing affected sources, the total HAP emissions 

from the following equipment systems shall be controlled: 

(i) Each LVHC system; 

(ii) Each knotter or screen system with total HAP mass 

emission rates greater than or equal to the rates specified in 

paragraphs (a)(1)(ii)(A) or (a)(1)(ii)(B) of this section or the 

combined rate specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii)(C) of this 

section. 

(A) Each knotter system with emissions of 0.05 kilograms or 

more of total HAP per megagram of ODP (0.1 pounds per ton). 

(B) Each screen system with emissions of 0.10 kilograms or 

more of total HAP per megagram of ODP (0.2 pounds per ton). 

(C) Each knotter and screen system with emissions of 0.15 

kilograms or more of total HAP per megagram of ODP (0.3 pounds 

per ton). 

(iii) Each pulp washing system; 

(iv) Each decker system that: 

(A) Uses any process water other than fresh water or paper 

machine white water; or 

(B) Uses any process water with a total HAP concentration 

greater than 400 parts per million by weight; and 

(v) Each oxygen delignification system. 
Page 17 of 114 

(2) At new affected sources, the total HAP emissions from 

the equipment systems listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), 

(a)(1)(iii), and (a)(1)(v) of this section and the following 

equipment systems shall be controlled: 

(i) Each knotter system; 

(ii) Each screen system; 

(iii) Each decker system; and 

(iv) Each weak liquor storage tank. 

(b) The owner or operator of each pulping system using a 

semi-chemical or soda process subject to the requirements of 

this subpart shall control the total HAP emissions from the 

following equipment systems as specified in paragraphs (c) and 

(d) of this section. 

(1) At each existing affected source, the total HAP 

emissions from each LVHC system shall be controlled. 

(2) At each new affected source, the total HAP emissions 

from each LVHC system and each pulp washing system shall be 

controlled. 

(c) Equipment systems listed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of 

this section shall be enclosed and vented into a closed-vent 

system and routed to a control device that meets the 

requirements specified in paragraph (d) of this section. The 
Page 18 of 114 

enclosures and closed-vent system shall meet the requirements 

specified in §63.450. 

(d) The control device used to reduce total HAP emissions 

from each equipment system listed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of 

this section shall: 

(1) Reduce total HAP emissions by 98 percent or more by 

weight; or 

(2) Reduce the total HAP concentration at the outlet of the 

thermal oxidizer to 20 parts per million or less by volume, 

corrected to 10 percent oxygen on a dry basis; or 

(3) Reduce total HAP emissions using a thermal oxidizer 

designed and operated at a minimum temperature of 871 °C (1600 

°F) and a minimum residence time of 0.75 seconds; or 

(4) Reduce total HAP emissions using one of the following: 

(i) A boiler, lime kiln, or recovery furnace by introducing 

the HAP emission stream with the primary fuel or into the flame 

zone; or 

(ii) A boiler or recovery furnace with a heat input 

capacity greater than or equal to 44 megawatts (150 million 

British thermal units per hour) by introducing the HAP emission 

stream with the combustion air. 

(e) Periods of excess emissions reported under §63.455 

shall not be a violation of §63.443(c) and (d) provided that the 
Page 19 of 114 

time of excess emissions(excluding periods of startup, shutdown, 

or malfunction) divided by the total process operating time in a 

semi-annual reporting period does not exceed the following 

levels: 

(1) One percent for control devices used to reduce the 

total HAP emissions from the LVHC system; and 

(2) Four percent for control devices used to reduce the 

total HAP emissions from the HVLC system; and 

(3) Four percent for control devices used to reduce the 

total HAP emissions from both the LVHC and HVLC systems. 

§ 63.444 Standards for the pulping system at sulfite processes. 

(a) The owner or operator of each sulfite process subject 

to the requirements of this subpart shall control the total HAP 

emissions from the following equipment systems as specified in 

paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. 

(1) At existing sulfite affected sources, the total HAP 

emissions from the following equipment systems shall be 

controlled: 

(i) Each digester system vent; 

(ii) Each evaporator system vent; and 

(iii) Each pulp washing system. 
Page 20 of 114 

(2) At new affected sources, the total HAP emissions from 

the equipment systems listed in paragraph (a)(1) of this section 

and the following equipment shall be controlled: 

(i) Each weak liquor storage tank; 

(ii) Each strong liquor storage tank; and 

(iii) Each acid condensate storage tank. 

(b) Equipment listed in paragraph (a) of this section shall 

be enclosed and vented into a closed-vent system and routed to a 

control device that meets the requirements specified in 

paragraph (c) of this section. The enclosures and closed-vent 

system shall meet the requirements specified in §63.450. 

Emissions from equipment listed in paragraph (a) of this section 

that is not necessary to be reduced to meet paragraph (c) of 

this section is not required to be routed to a control device. 

(c) The total HAP emissions from both the equipment systems 

listed in paragraph (a) of this section and the vents, 

wastewater, and condensate streams from the control device used 

to reduce HAP emissions, shall be controlled as follows. 

(1) Each calcium-based or sodium-based sulfite pulping 

process shall: 

(i) Emit no more than 0.44 kilograms of total HAP or 

methanol per megagram (0.89 pounds per ton) of ODP; or 
Page 21 of 114 

(ii) Remove 92 percent or more by weight of the total HAP 

or methanol. 

(2) Each magnesium-based or ammonium-based sulfite pulping 

process shall: 

(i) Emit no more than 1.1 kilograms of total HAP or 

methanol per megagram (2.2 pounds per ton) of ODP; or 

(ii) Remove 87 percent or more by weight of the total HAP 

or methanol. 

§ 63.445 Standards for the bleaching system. 

(a) Each bleaching system that does not use any chlorine or 

chlorinated compounds for bleaching is exempt from the 

requirements of this section. Owners or operators of the 

following bleaching systems shall meet all the provisions of 

this section: 

(1) Bleaching systems that use chlorine; 

(2) Bleaching systems bleaching pulp from kraft, sulfite, 

or soda pulping processes that use any chlorinated compounds; or 

(3) Bleaching systems bleaching pulp from mechanical 

pulping processes using wood or from any process using secondary 

or non-wood fibers, that use chlorine dioxide. 

(b) The equipment at each bleaching stage, of the bleaching 

systems listed in paragraph (a) of this section, where 

chlorinated compounds are introduced shall be enclosed and 
Page 22 of 114 

vented into a closed-vent system and routed to a control device 

that meets the requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this 

section. The enclosures and closed-vent system shall meet the 

requirements specified in §63.450. If process modifications are 

used to achieve compliance with the emission limits specified in 

paragraphs (c)(2) or (c)(3), enclosures and closed-vent systems 

are not required, unless appropriate. 

(c) The control device used to reduce chlorinated HAP 

emissions (not including chloroform) from the equipment 

specified in paragraph (b) of this section shall: 

(1) Reduce the total chlorinated HAP mass in the vent 

stream entering the control device by 99 percent or more by 

weight; 

(2) Achieve a treatment device outlet concentration of 10 

parts per million or less by volume of total chlorinated HAP; or 

(3) Achieve a treatment device outlet mass emission rate of 

0.001 kg of total chlorinated HAP mass per megagram (0.002 

pounds per ton) of ODP. 

(d) The owner or operator of each bleaching system subject 

to paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall comply with paragraph 

(d)(1) or (d)(2) of this section to reduce chloroform air 

emissions to the atmosphere, except the owner or operator of 

each bleaching system complying with extended compliance under 
Page 23 of 114 

§63.440(d)(3)(ii) shall comply with paragraph (d)(1) of this 

section. 

(1) Comply with the following applicable effluent 

limitation guidelines and standards specified in 40 CFR part 

430: 

(i) Dissolving-grade kraft bleaching systems and lines, 40 

CFR 430.14 through 430.17; 

(ii) Paper-grade kraft and soda bleaching systems and 

lines, 40 CFR 430.24(a)(1) and (e), and 40 CFR 430.26 (a) and 

(c); 

(iii) Dissolving-grade sulfite bleaching systems and lines, 

40 CFR 430.44 through 430.47; or 

(iv) Paper-grade sulfite bleaching systems and lines, 40 

CFR 430.54(a) and (c), and 430.56(a) and (c). 

(2) Use no hypochlorite or chlorine for bleaching in the 

bleaching system or line. 

§ 63.446 Standards for kraft pulping process condensates. 

(a) The requirements of this section apply to owners or 

operators of kraft processes subject to the requirements of this 

subpart. 

(b) The pulping process condensates from the following 

equipment systems shall be treated to meet the requirements 

specified in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of this section: 
Page 24 of 114 

(1) Each digester system; 

(2) Each turpentine recovery system; 

(3) Each evaporator system condensate from: 

(i) The vapors from each stage where weak liquor is 

introduced (feed stages); and 

(ii) Each evaporator vacuum system for each stage where 

weak liquor is introduced (feed stages). 

(4) Each HVLC collection system; and 

(5) Each LVHC collection system. 

(c) One of the following combinations of HAP-containing 

pulping process condensates generated, produced, or associated 

with the equipment systems listed in paragraph (b) of this 

section shall be subject to the requirements of paragraphs (d) 

and (e) of this section: 

(1) All pulping process condensates from the equipment 

systems specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this 

section. 

(2) The combined pulping process condensates from the 

equipment systems specified in paragraphs (b)(4) and (b)(5) of 

this section, plus pulping process condensate stream(s) that in 

total contain at least 65 percent of the total HAP mass from the 

pulping process condensates from equipment systems listed in 

paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3) of this section. 
Page 25 of 114 

(3) The pulping process condensates from equipment systems 

listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(5) of this section that 

in total contain a total HAP mass of 3.6 kilograms or more of 

total HAP per megagram (7.2 pounds per ton) of ODP for mills 

that do not perform bleaching or 5.5 kilograms or more of total 

HAP per megagram (11.1 pounds per ton) of ODP for mills that 

perform bleaching. 

(d) The pulping process condensates from the equipment 

systems listed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be 

conveyed in a closed collection system that is designed and 

operated to meet the requirements specified in paragraphs (d)(1) 

and (d)(2) of this section. 

(1) Each closed collection system shall meet the individual 

drain system requirements specified in §§63.960, 63.961, and 

63.962 of subpart RR of this part, except for closed vent 

systems and control devices shall be designed and operated in 

accordance with §§63.443(d) and 63.450, instead of in accordance 

with §63.693 as specified in §63.962 (a)(3)(ii), (b)(3)(ii)(A), 

and (b)(5)(iii); and 

(2) If a condensate tank is used in the closed collection 

system, the tank shall meet the following requirements: 

(i) The fixed roof and all openings (e.g., access hatches, 

sampling ports, gauge wells) shall be designed and operated with 
Page 26 of 114 

no detectable leaks as indicated by an instrument reading of 

less than 500 parts per million above background, and vented 

into a closed-vent system that meets the requirements in §63.450 

and routed to a control device that meets the requirements in 

§63.443(d); and 

(ii) Each opening shall be maintained in a closed, sealed 

position (e.g., covered by a lid that is gasketed and latched) 

at all times that the tank contains pulping process condensates 

or any HAP removed from a pulping process condensate stream 

except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling, 

removal, or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair. 

(e) Each pulping process condensate from the equipment 

systems listed in paragraph (b) of this section shall be treated 

according to one of the following options: 

(1) Recycle the pulping process condensate to an equipment 

system specified in §63.443(a) meeting the requirements 

specified in §63.443(c) and (d); or 

(2) Discharge the pulping process condensate below the 

liquid surface of a biological treatment system and treat the 

pulping process condensates to meet the requirements specified 

in paragraph (e)(3), (4), or (5) of this section, and total HAP 

shall be measured as specified in §63.457(g); or 
Page 27 of 114 

(3) Treat the pulping process condensates to reduce or 

destroy the total HAPs by at least 92 percent or more by weight; 

or 

(4) At mills that do not perform bleaching, treat the 

pulping process condensates to remove 3.3 kilograms or more of 

total HAP per megagram (6.6 pounds per ton) of ODP, or achieve a 

total HAP concentration of 210 parts per million or less by 

weight at the outlet of the control device; or 

(5) At mills that perform bleaching, treat the pulping 

process condensates to remove 5.1 kilograms or more of total HAP 

per megagram (10.2 pounds per ton) of ODP, or achieve a total 

HAP concentration of 330 parts per million or less by weight at 

the outlet of the control device. 

(f) Each HAP removed from a pulping process condensate 

stream during treatment and handling under paragraphs (d) or (e) 

of this section, except for those treated according to paragraph 

(e)(2) of this section, shall be controlled as specified in 

§63.443(c) and (d). 

(g) For each control device (e.g. steam stripper system or 

other equipment serving the same function) used to treat pulping 

process condensates to comply with the requirements specified in 

paragraphs (e)(3) through (e)(5) of this section, periods of 

excess emissions reported under §63.455 shall not be a violation 
Page 28 of 114 

of paragraphs (d), (e)(3) through (e)(5), and (f) of this 

section provided that the time of excess emissions (including 

periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) divided by the 

total process operating time in a semi-annual reporting period 

does not exceed 10 percent. The 10 percent excess emissions 

allowance does not apply to treatment of pulping process 

condensates according to paragraph (e)(2) of this section (e.g.

the biological wastewater treatment system used to treat 

multiple (primarily non-condensate) wastewater streams to comply 

with the Clean Water Act). 

(h) Each owner or operator of a new or existing affected 

source subject to the requirements of this section shall 

evaluate all new or modified pulping process condensates or 

changes in the annual bleached or non-bleached ODP used to 

comply with paragraph (i) of this section, to determine if they 

meet the applicable requirements of this section. 

(i) For the purposes of meeting the requirements in 

paragraph (c)(2) or (3) or paragraph (e)(4) or (5) of this 

section at mills producing both bleached and unbleached pulp 

products, owners and operators may meet a prorated mass standard 

that is calculated by prorating the applicable mass standards 

(kilograms of total HAP per megagram of ODP) for bleached and 

unbleached mills specified in paragraph (c)(2) or (3) or 
Page 29 of 114 

paragraph (e)(4) or (5) of this section by the ratio of annual 

megagrams of bleached and unbleached ODP. 

§ 63.447 Clean condensate alternative. 

As an alternative to the requirements specified in 

§63.443(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(v) for the control of HAP 

emissions from pulping systems using the kraft process, an owner 

or operator must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the 

Administrator, by meeting all the requirements below, that the 

total HAP emissions reductions achieved by this clean condensate 

alternative technology are equal to or greater than the total 

HAP emission reductions that would have been achieved by 

compliance with §63.443(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(v). 

(a) For the purposes of this section only the following 

additional definitions apply. 

(1) Clean condensate alternative affected source means the 

total of all HAP emission points in the pulping, bleaching, 

causticizing, and papermaking systems (exclusive of HAP 

emissions attributable to additives to paper machines and HAP 

emission points in the LVHC system). 

(2) Causticizing system means all equipment associated with 

converting sodium carbonate into active sodium hydroxide. The 

equipment includes smelt dissolving tanks, lime mud washers and 

storage tanks, white and mud liquor clarifiers and storage 
Page 30 of 114 

tanks, slakers, slaker grit washers, lime kilns, green liquor 

clarifiers and storage tanks, and dreg washers ending with the 

white liquor storage tanks prior to the digester system, and any 

other equipment serving the same function as those previously 

listed. 

(3) Papermaking system means all equipment used to convert 

pulp into paper, paperboard, or market pulp, including the stock 

storage and preparation systems, the paper or paperboard 

machines, and the paper machine white water system, broke 

recovery systems, and the systems involved in calendering, 

drying, on-machine coating, slitting, winding, and cutting. 

(b) Each owner or operator shall install and operate a 

clean condensate alternative technology with a continuous 

monitoring system to reduce total HAP emissions by treating and 

reducing HAP concentrations in the pulping process water used 

within the clean condensate alternative affected source. 

(c) Each owner or operator shall calculate HAP emissions on 

a kilogram per megagram of ODP basis and measure HAP emissions 

according to the appropriate procedures contained in §63.457. 

(d) Each owner or operator shall determine the baseline HAP 

emissions for each equipment system and the total of all 

equipment systems in the clean condensate alternative affected 

source based on the following: 
Page 31 of 114 

(1) Process and air pollution control equipment installed 

and operating on December 17, 1993, and 

(2) Compliance with the following requirements that affect 

the level of HAP emissions from the clean condensate alternative 

affected source: 

(i) The pulping process condensates requirements in 

§63.446; 

(ii) The applicable effluent limitation guidelines and 

standards in 40 CFR part 430, subparts A, B, D, and E; and 

(iii) All other applicable requirements of local, State, or 

Federal agencies or statutes. 

(e) Each owner or operator shall determine the following 

HAP emission reductions from the baseline HAP emissions 

determined in paragraph (d) of this section for each equipment 

system and the total of all equipment systems in the clean 

condensate alternative affected source: 

(1) The HAP emission reduction occurring by complying with 

the requirements of §63.443(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(v); and 

(2) The HAP emissions reduction occurring by complying with 

the clean condensate alternative technology. 

(f) For the purposes of all requirements in this section, 

each owner or operator may use as an alternative, individual 

equipment systems (instead of total of all equipment systems) 
Page 32 of 114 

within the clean condensate alternative affected source to 

determine emissions and reductions to demonstrate equal or 

greater than the reductions that would have been achieved by 

compliance with §63.443(a)(1)(ii) through (a)(1)(v). 

(g) The initial and updates to the control strategy report 

specified in §63.455(b) shall include to the extent possible the 

following information: 

(1) A detailed description of: 

(i) The equipment systems and emission points that comprise 

the clean condensate alternative affected source; 

(ii) The air pollution control technologies that would be 

used to meet the requirements of §63.443(a)(1)(ii) through 

(a)(1)(v); and 

(iii) The clean condensate alternative technology to be 

used. 

(2) Estimates and basis for the estimates of total HAP 

emissions and emission reductions to fulfill the requirements of 

paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this section. 

(h) Each owner or operator shall report to the 

Administrator by the applicable compliance date specified in 

§63.440(d) or (e) the rationale, calculations, test procedures, 

and data documentation used to demonstrate compliance with all 

the requirements of this section. 
Page 33 of 114 

§§ 63.448-63.449 [Reserved] 

§ 63.450 Standards for enclosures and closed-vent systems. 

(a) Each enclosure and closed-vent system specified in 

§§63.443(c), 63.444(b), and 63.445(b) for capturing and 

transporting vent streams that contain HAP shall meet the 

requirements specified in paragraphs (b) through (d) of this 

section. 

(b) Each enclosure shall maintain negative pressure at each 

enclosure or hood opening as demonstrated by the procedures 

specified in §63.457(e). Each enclosure or hood opening closed 

during the initial performance test specified in §63.457(a) 

shall be maintained in the same closed and sealed position as 

during the performance test at all times except when necessary 

to use the opening for sampling, inspection, maintenance, or 

repairs. 

(c) Each component of the closed-vent system used to comply 

with §§63.443(c), 63.444(b), and 63.445(b) that is operated at 

positive pressure and located prior to a control device shall be 

designed for and operated with no detectable leaks as indicated 

by an instrument reading of less than 500 parts per million by 

volume above background, as measured by the procedures specified 

in §63.457(d). 
Page 34 of 114 

(d) Each bypass line in the closed-vent system that could 

divert vent streams containing HAP to the atmosphere without 

meeting the emission limitations in §§63.443, 63.444, or 63.445 

shall comply with either of the following requirements: 

(1) On each bypass line, the owner or operator shall 

install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the 

manufacturer's specifications a flow indicator that is capable 

of taking periodic readings as frequently as specified in 

§63.454(e). The flow indicator shall be installed in the bypass 

line in such a way as to indicate flow in the bypass line; or 

(2) For bypass line valves that are not computer 

controlled, the owner or operator shall maintain the bypass line 

valve in the closed position with a car seal or a seal placed on 

the valve or closure mechanism in such a way that valve or 

closure mechanism cannot be opened without breaking the seal. 

§§ 63.451-63.452 [Reserved] 

§ 63.453 Monitoring requirements. 

(a) Each owner or operator subject to the standards 

specified in §§63.443(c) and (d), 63.444(b) and (c), 63.445(b) 

and (c), 63.446(c), (d), and (e), 63.447(b) or §63.450(d), shall 

install, calibrate, certify, operate, and maintain according to 

the manufacturer's specifications, a continuous monitoring 

system (CMS, as defined in §63.2 of this part) as specified in 
Page 35 of 114 

paragraphs (b) through (m) of this section, except as allowed in 

paragraph (m) of this section. The CMS shall include a 

continuous recorder. 

(b) A CMS shall be operated to measure the temperature in 

the firebox or in the ductwork immediately downstream of the 

firebox and before any substantial heat exchange occurs for each 

thermal oxidizer used to comply with the requirements of 

§63.443(d)(1) through (d)(3). Owners and operators complying 

with the HAP concentration requirements in §63.443(d)(2) may 

install a CMS to monitor the thermal oxidizer outlet total HAP 

or methanol concentration, as an alternative to monitoring 

thermal oxidizer operating temperature. 

(c) A CMS shall be operated to measure the following 

parameters for each gas scrubber used to comply with the 

bleaching system requirements of §63.445(c) or the sulfite 

pulping system requirements of §63.444(c). 

(1) The pH or the oxidation/reduction potential of the gas 

scrubber effluent; 

(2) The gas scrubber vent gas inlet flow rate; and 

(3) The gas scrubber liquid influent flow rate. 

(d) As an option to the requirements specified in paragraph 

(c) of this section, a CMS shall be operated to measure the 

chlorine outlet concentration of each gas scrubber used to 
Page 36 of 114 

comply with the bleaching system outlet concentration 

requirement specified in §63.445(c)(2). 

(e) The owner or operator of a bleaching system complying 

with 40 CFR 430.24, shall monitor the chlorine and hypochlorite 

application rates, in kg of bleaching agent per megagram of ODP, 

of the bleaching system during the extended compliance period 

specified in §63.440(d)(3). 

(f) A CMS shall be operated to measure the gas scrubber 

parameters specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this 

section or those site specific parameters determined according 

to the procedures specified in paragraph (n) of this section to 

comply with the sulfite pulping system requirements specified in 

§63.444(c). 

(g) A CMS shall be operated to measure the following 

parameters for each steam stripper used to comply with the 

treatment requirements in §63.446(e) (3), (4), or (5): 

(1) The process wastewater feed rate; 

(2) The steam feed rate; and 

(3) The process wastewater column feed temperature. 

(h) As an option to the requirements specified in paragraph 

(g) of this section, a CMS shall be operated to measure the 

methanol outlet concentration to comply with the steam stripper 
Page 37 of 114 

outlet concentration requirement specified in §63.446 (e)(4) or 

(e)(5). 

(i) A CMS shall be operated to measure the appropriate 

parameters determined according to the procedures specified in 

paragraph (n) of this section to comply with the condensate 

applicability requirements specified in §63.446(c). 

(j) Each owner or operator using an open biological 

treatment system to comply with §63.446(e)(2) shall perform the 

daily monitoring procedures specified in either paragraph (j)(1) 

or (2) of this section and shall conduct a performance test each 

quarter using the procedures specified in paragraph (j)(3) of 

this section. 

(1) Comply with the monitoring and sampling requirements 

specified in paragraphs (j)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section. 

(i) On a daily basis, monitor the following parameters for 

each open biological treatment unit: 

(A) Composite daily sample of outlet soluble BOD5

concentration to monitor for maximum daily and maximum monthly 

average; 

(B) Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids; 

(C) Horsepower of aerator unit(s); 

(D) Inlet liquid flow; and 

(E) Liquid temperature. 
Page 38 of 114 

(ii) If the Inlet and Outlet Concentration Measurement 

Procedure (Procedure 3) in appendix C of this part is used to 

determine the fraction of HAP compounds degraded in the 

biological treatment system as specified in §63.457(l), conduct 

the sampling and archival requirements specified in paragraphs 

(j)(1)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section. 

(A) Obtain daily inlet and outlet liquid grab samples from 

each biological treatment unit to have HAP data available to 

perform quarterly performance tests specified in paragraph 

(j)(3) of this section and the compliance tests specified in 

paragraph (p) of this section. 

(B) Store the samples as specified in §63.457(n) until 

after the results of the soluble BOD5 test required in paragraph 

(j)(1)(i)(A) of this section are obtained. The storage 

requirement is needed since the soluble BOD5 test requires 5 days 

or more to obtain results. If the results of the soluble BOD5

test are outside of the range established during the initial 

performance test, then the archive sample shall be used to 

perform the mass removal or percent reduction determinations. 

(2) As an alternative to the monitoring requirements of 

paragraph (j)(1) of this section, conduct daily monitoring of 

the site-specific parameters established according to the 

procedures specified in paragraph (n) of this section. 
Page 39 of 114 

(3) Conduct a performance test as specified in §63.457(l) 

within 45 days after the beginning of each quarter and meet the 

applicable emission limit in §63.446(e)(2). 

(i) The performance test conducted in the first quarter 

(annually) shall be performed for total HAP as specified in 

§63.457(g) and meet the percent reduction or mass removal 

emission limit specified in §63.446(e)(2). 

(ii) The remaining quarterly performance tests shall be 

performed as specified in paragraph (j)(3)(i) of this section 

except owners or operators may use the applicable methanol 

procedure in §63.457(l)(1) or (2) and the value of r determined 

during the first quarter test instead of measuring the 

additional HAP to determine a new value of r. 

(k) Each enclosure and closed-vent system used to comply 

with §63.450(a) shall comply with the requirements specified in 

paragraphs (k)(1) through (k)(6) of this section. 

(1) For each enclosure opening, a visual inspection of the 

closure mechanism specified in §63.450(b) shall be performed at 

least once every 30 days to ensure the opening is maintained in 

the closed position and sealed. 

(2) Each closed-vent system required by §63.450(a) shall be 

visually inspected every 30 days and at other times as requested 

by the Administrator. The visual inspection shall include 
Page 40 of 114 

inspection of ductwork, piping, enclosures, and connections to 

covers for visible evidence of defects. 

(3) For positive pressure closed-vent systems or portions 

of closed-vent systems, demonstrate no detectable leaks as 

specified in §63.450(c) measured initially and annually by the 

procedures in §63.457(d). 

(4) Demonstrate initially and annually that each enclosure 

opening is maintained at negative pressure as specified in 

§63.457(e). 

(5) The valve or closure mechanism specified in 

§63.450(d)(2) shall be inspected at least once every 30 days to 

ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and 

the emission point gas stream is not diverted through the bypass 

line. 

(6) If an inspection required by paragraphs (k)(1) through 

(k)(5) of this section identifies visible defects in ductwork, 

piping, enclosures or connections to covers required by §63.450, 

or if an instrument reading of 500 parts per million by volume 

or greater above background is measured, or if enclosure 

openings are not maintained at negative pressure, then the 

following corrective actions shall be taken as soon as 

practicable. 
Page 41 of 114 

(i) A first effort to repair or correct the closed-vent 

system shall be made as soon as practicable but no later than 5 

calendar days after the problem is identified. 

(ii) The repair or corrective action shall be completed no 

later than 15 calendar days after the problem is identified. 

Delay of repair or corrective action is allowed if the repair or 

corrective action is technically infeasible without a process 

unit shutdown or if the owner or operator determines that the 

emissions resulting from immediate repair would be greater than 

the emissions likely to result from delay of repair. Repair of 

such equipment shall be completed by the end of the next process 

unit shutdown. 

(l) Each pulping process condensate closed collection 

system used to comply with §63.446(d) shall comply with the 

requirements specified in paragraphs (l)(1) through (l)(3) of 

this section. 

(1) Each pulping process condensate closed collection 

system shall be visually inspected every 30 days and shall 

comply with the inspection and monitoring requirements specified 

in §63.964 of subpart RR of this part, except: 

(i) Owners or operators shall comply with the recordkeeping 

requirements of §63.454 instead of the requirements specified in 

§63.964(a)(1)(vi) and 
Page 42 of 114 

(b)(3) of subpart RR of this part. 

(ii) Owners or operators shall comply with the inspection 

and monitoring requirements for closed-vent systems and control 

devices specified in paragraphs (a) and (k) of this section 

instead of the requirements specified in §63.964(a)(2) of 

subpart RR of this part. 

(2) Each condensate tank used in the closed collection 

system shall be operated with no detectable leaks as specified 

in §63.446(d)(2)(i) measured initially and annually by the 

procedures specified in §63.457(d). 

(3) If an inspection required by this section identifies 

visible defects in the closed collection system, or if an 

instrument reading of 500 parts per million or greater above 

background is measured, then corrective actions specified in 

§63.964(b) of subpart RR of this part shall be taken. 

(m) Each owner or operator using a control device, 

technique or an alternative parameter other than those specified 

in paragraphs (b) through (l) of this section shall install a 

CMS and establish appropriate operating parameters to be 

monitored that demonstrate, to the Administrator's satisfaction, 

continuous compliance with the applicable control requirements. 

(n) To establish or reestablish the value for each 

operating parameter required to be monitored under paragraphs 
Page 43 of 114 

(b) through (j), (l), and (m) of this section or to establish 

appropriate parameters for paragraphs (f), 

(i), (j)(2), and (m) of this section, each owner or operator 

shall use the following procedures: 

(1) During the initial performance test required in 

§63.457(a) or any subsequent performance test, continuously 

record the operating parameter; 

(2) Determinations shall be based on the control 

performance and parameter data monitored during the performance 

test, supplemented if necessary by engineering assessments and 

the manufacturer's recommendations; 

(3) The owner or operator shall provide for the 

Administrator's approval the rationale for selecting the 

monitoring parameters necessary to comply with paragraphs (f), 

(i), and (m) of this section; and 

(4) Provide for the Administrator's approval the rationale 

for the selected operating parameter value, and monitoring 

frequency, and averaging time. Include all data and calculations 

used to develop the value and a description of why the value, 

monitoring frequency, and averaging time demonstrate continuous 

compliance with the applicable emission standard. 

(o) Each owner or operator of a control device subject to 

the monitoring provisions of this section shall operate the 
Page 44 of 114 

control device in a manner consistent with the minimum or 

maximum (as appropriate) operating parameter value or procedure 

required to be monitored under paragraphs (a) through (n) of 

this section and established under this subpart. Except as 

provided in paragraph (p) of this section, §63.443(e), or 

§63.446(g), operation of the control device below minimum 

operating parameter values or above maximum operating parameter 

values established under this subpart or failure to perform 

procedures required by this subpart shall constitute a violation 

of the applicable emission standard of this subpart and be 

reported as a period of excess emissions. 

(p) The procedures of this paragraph apply to each owner or 

operator of an open biological treatment system complying with 

paragraph (j) of this section whenever a monitoring parameter 

excursion occurs, and the owner or operator chooses to conduct a 

performance test to demonstrate compliance with the applicable 

emission limit. A monitoring parameter excursion occurs whenever 

the monitoring parameters specified in paragraphs 

(j)(1)(i)(A) through (C) of this section or any of the 

monitoring parameters specified in paragraph (j)(2) of this 

section are below minimum operating parameter values or above 

maximum operating parameter values established in paragraph (n) 

of this section. 
Page 45 of 114 

(1) As soon as practical after the beginning of the 

monitoring parameter excursion, the following requirements shall 

be met: 

(i) Before the steps in paragraph (p)(1)(ii) or (iii) of 

this section are performed, all sampling and measurements 

necessary to meet the requirements in paragraph (p)(2) of this 

section shall be conducted. 

(ii) Steps shall be taken to repair or adjust the operation 

of the process to end the parameter excursion period. 

(iii) Steps shall be taken to minimize total HAP emissions 

to the atmosphere during the parameter excursion period. 

(2) A parameter excursion is not a violation of the 

applicable emission standard if the results of the performance 

test conducted using the procedures in this paragraph 

demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission limit in 

§63.446(e)(2). 

(i) Conduct a performance test as specified in §63.457 

using the monitoring data specified in paragraph (j)(1) or (2) 

of this section that coincides with the time of the parameter 

excursion. No maintenance or changes shall be made to the open 

biological treatment system after the beginning of a parameter 

excursion that would influence the results of the performance 

test. 
Page 46 of 114 

(ii) If the results of the performance test specified in 

paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this section demonstrate compliance with 

the applicable emission limit in §63.446(e)(2), then the 

parameter excursion is not a violation of the applicable 

emission limit. 

(iii) If the results of the performance test specified in 

paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this section do not demonstrate 

compliance with the applicable emission limit in §63.446(e)(2) 

because the total HAP mass entering the open biological 

treatment system is below the level needed to demonstrate 

compliance with the applicable emission limit in §63.446(e)(2), 

then the owner or operator shall perform the following 

comparisons: 

(A) If the value of fbio(MeOH) determined during the 

performance test specified in paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this 

section is within the range of values established during the 

initial and subsequent performance tests approved by the 

Administrator, then the parameter excursion is not a violation 

of the applicable standard. 

(B) If the value of fbio(MeOH) determined during the 

performance test specified in paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this 

section is not within the range of values established during the 

initial and subsequent performance tests approved by the 
Page 47 of 114 

Administrator, then the parameter excursion is a violation of 

the applicable standard. 

(iv) The results of the performance test specified in 

paragraph (p)(2)(i) of this section shall be recorded as 

specified in §63.454(f). 

(3) If an owner or operator determines that performing the 

required procedures under paragraph (p)(2) of this section for a 

nonthoroughly mixed open biological system would expose a worker 

to dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise unsafe conditions, all of 

the following procedures shall be performed: 

(i) Calculate the mass removal or percent reduction value 

using the procedures specified in §63.457(l) except the value 

for fbio(MeOH) shall be determined using the procedures in 

appendix E to this part. 

(ii) Repeat the procedures in paragraph (p)(3)(i) of this 

section for every day until the unsafe conditions have passed. 

(iii) A parameter excursion is a violation of the standard 

if the percent reduction or mass removal determined in paragraph 

(p)(3)(i) of this section is less than the percent reduction or 

mass removal standards specified in §63.446(e)(2), as 

appropriate, unless the value of fbio(MeOH) determined using the 

procedures in appendix E of this section, as specified in 

paragraph (p)(3)(i), is within the range of fbio(MeOH) values 
Page 48 of 114 

established during the initial and subsequent performance tests 

previously approved by the Administrator. 

(iv) The determination that there is a condition that 

exposes a worker to dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise unsafe 

conditions shall be documented according to requirements in 

§63.454(e) and reporting in §63.455(f). 

(v) The requirements of paragraphs (p)(1) and (2) of this 

section shall be performed and met as soon as practical but no 

later than 24 hours after the conditions have passed that 

exposed a worker to dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise unsafe 

conditions. 

(q) At all times, the owner or operator must operate and 

maintain any affected source, including associated air pollution 

control equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner 

consistent with safety and good air pollution control practices 

for minimizing emissions. Determination of whether such 

operation and maintenance procedures are being used will be 

based on information available to the Administrator which may 

include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, review of 

operation and maintenance procedures, review of operation and 

maintenance records, and inspection of the source.

§63.454 Recordkeeping requirements. 
Page 49 of 114 

(a) The owner or operator of each affected source subject 

to the requirements of this subpart shall comply with the 

recordkeeping requirements of §63.10, as shown in table 1 of 

this subpart, and the requirements specified in paragraphs (b) 

through (gf) of this section for the monitoring parameters 

specified in §63.453. 

(b) For each applicable enclosure opening, closed-vent 

system, and closed collection system, the owner or operator 

shall prepare and maintain a site-specific inspection plan 

including a drawing or schematic of the components of applicable 

affected equipment and shall record the following information 

for each inspection: 

(1) Date of inspection; 

(2) The equipment type and identification; 

(3) Results of negative pressure tests for enclosures; 

(4) Results of leak detection tests; 

(5) The nature of the defect or leak and the method of 

detection (i.e., visual inspection or instrument detection); 

(6) The date the defect or leak was detected and the date 

of each attempt to repair the defect or leak; 

(7) Repair methods applied in each attempt to repair the 

defect or leak; 
Page 50 of 114 

(8) The reason for the delay if the defect or leak is not 

repaired within 15 days after discovery; 

(9) The expected date of successful repair of the defect or 

leak if the repair is not completed within 15 days; 

(10) The date of successful repair of the defect or leak; 

(11) The position and duration of opening of bypass line 

valves and the condition of any valve seals; and 

(12) The duration of the use of bypass valves on computer 

controlled valves. 

(c) The owner or operator of a bleaching system complying 

with §63.440(d)(3)(ii)(B) shall record the daily average 

chlorine and hypochlorite application rates, in kg of bleaching 

agent per megagram of ODP, of the bleaching system until the 

requirements specified in §63.440(d)(3)(ii)(A) are met. 

(d) The owner or operator shall record the CMS parameters 

specified in §63.453 and meet the requirements specified in 

paragraph (a) of this section for any new affected process 

equipment or pulping process condensate stream that becomes 

subject to the standards in this subpart due to a process change 

or modification. 

(e) The owner or operator shall set the flow indicator on 

each bypass line specified in §63.450(d)(1) to provide a record 
Page 51 of 114 

of the presence of gas stream flow in the bypass line at least 

once every 15 minutes. 

(f) The owner or operator of an open biological treatment 

system complying with §63.453(p) shall prepare a written record 

specifying the results of the performance test specified in 

§63.453(p)(2).

(g) Recordkeeping of malfunctions. The owner or operator 

must maintain the following records of malfunctions:

(1) Records of the occurrence and duration of each 

malfunction of operation (i.e., process equipment) or the air 

pollution control and monitoring equipment.

(2) Records of actions taken during periods of malfunction 

to minimize emissions in accordance with §63.453(q), including 

corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air 

pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or 

usual manner of operation.

§ 63.455 Reporting requirements. 

(a) Each owner or operator of a source subject to this 

subpart shall comply with the reporting requirements of subpart 

A of this part as specified in table 1 and all the following 

requirements in this section. The initial notification report 

specified under §63.9(b)(2) of subpart A of this part shall be 

submitted by April 15, 1999. 
Page 52 of 114 

(b) Each owner or operator of a kraft pulping system 

specified in §63.440(d)(1) or a bleaching system specified in 

§63.440(d)(3)(ii) shall submit, with the initial notification 

report specified under §63.9(b)(2) of subpart A of this part and 

paragraph (a) of this section and update every two years 

thereafter, a non-binding control strategy report containing, at 

a minimum, the information specified in paragraphs (b)(1) 

through (b)(3) of this section in addition to the information 

required in §63.9(b)(2) of subpart A of this part. 

(1) A description of the emission controls or process 

modifications selected for compliance with the control 

requirements in this standard. 

(2) A compliance schedule, including the dates by which 

each step toward compliance will be reached for each emission 

point or sets of emission points. At a minimum, the list of 

dates shall include: 

(i) The date by which the major study(s) for determining 

the compliance strategy will be completed; 

(ii) The date by which contracts for emission controls or 

process modifications will be awarded, or the date by which 

orders will be issued for the purchase of major components to 

accomplish emission controls or process changes; 
Page 53 of 114 

(iii) The date by which on-site construction, installation 

of emission control equipment, or a process change is to be 

initiated; 

(iv) The date by which on-site construction, installation 

of emissions control equipment, or a process change is to be 

completed; 

(v) The date by which final compliance is to be achieved; 

(vi) For compliance with paragraph §63.440(d)(3)(ii), the 

tentative dates by which compliance with effluent limitation 

guidelines and standards intermediate pollutant load effluent 

reductions and as available, all the dates for the best 

available technology's milestones reported in the National 

Pollutant Discharge Elimination System authorized under section 

402 of the Clean Water Act and for the best professional 

milestones in the Voluntary Advanced Technology Incentives 

Program under 40 CFR 430.24 

(b)(2); and 

(vii) The date by which the final compliance tests will be 

performed. 

(3) Until compliance is achieved, revisions or updates 

shall be made to the control strategy report required by 

paragraph (b) of this section indicating the progress made 
Page 54 of 114 

towards completing the installation of the emission controls or 

process modifications during the 2-year period. 

(c) The owner or operator of each bleaching system 

complying with §63.440(d)(3)(ii)(B) shall certify in the report 

specified under §63.10(e)(3) of subpart A of this part that the 

daily application rates of chlorine and hypochlorite for that 

bleaching system have not increased as specified in 

§63.440(d)(3)(ii)(B) until the requirements of 

§63.440(d)(3)(ii)(A) are met. 

(d) The owner or operator shall meet the requirements 

specified in paragraph (a) of this section upon startup of any 

new affected process equipment or pulping process condensate 

stream that becomes subject to the standards of this subpart due 

to a process change or modification. 

(e) If the owner or operator uses the results of the 

performance test required in §63.453(p)(2) to revise the 

approved values or ranges of the monitoring parameters specified 

in §63.453(j)(1) or (2), the owner or operator shall submit an 

initial notification of the subsequent performance test to the 

Administrator as soon as practicable, but no later than 15 days, 

before the performance test required in §63.453(p)(2) is 

scheduled to be conducted. The owner or operator shall notify 

the Administrator as soon as practicable, but no later than 24 
Page 55 of 114 

hours, before the performance test is scheduled to be conducted 

to confirm the exact date and time of the performance test. 

(f) To comply with the open biological treatment system 

monitoring provisions of §63.453(p)(3), the owner or operator 

shall notify the Administrator as soon as practicable of the 

onset of the dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise unsafe 

conditions that did not allow a compliance determination to be 

conducted using the sampling and test procedures in §63.457(l). 

The notification shall occur no later than 24 hours after the 

onset of the dangerous, hazardous, or otherwise unsafe 

conditions and shall include the specific reason(s) that the 

sampling and test procedures in §63.457(l) could not be 

performed. 

(g) Malfunction reporting requirements. If a malfunction 

occurred during the reporting period, the report must include 

the number, duration, and a brief description for each type of 

malfunction which occurred during the reporting period and which 

caused or may have caused any applicable emission limitation to 

be exceeded. The report must also include a description of 

actions taken by an owner or operator during a malfunction of an 

affected source to minimize emissions in accordance with 

§63.453(q), including actions taken to correct a malfunction.
Page 56 of 114 

(h) The owner or operator must submit performance test 

reports as specified in paragraphs (h)(1) through (4).

(1) The owner or operator of an affected source shall 

report the results of the performance test before the close of 

business on the 60th day following the completion of the 

performance test, unless approved otherwise in writing by the 

Administrator. A performance test is “completed” when field 

sample collection is terminated. Unless otherwise approved by 

the Administrator in writing, results of a performance test 

shall include the analysis of samples, determination of 

emissions, and raw data. A complete test report must include the 

purpose of the test; a brief process description; a complete 

unit description, including a description of feed streams and 

control devices; sampling site description; pollutants measured; 

description of sampling and analysis procedures and any 

modifications to standard procedures; quality assurance 

procedures; record of operating conditions, including operating 

parameters for which limits are being set, during the test; 

record of preparation of standards; record of calibrations; raw 

data sheets for field sampling; raw data sheets for field and 

laboratory analyses; chain-of-custody documentation; explanation 

of laboratory data qualifiers; example calculations of all 

applicable stack gas parameters, emission rates, percent 
Page 57 of 114 

reduction rates, and analytical results, as applicable; and any 

other information required by the test method and the 

Administrator.

(2) Within 60 days after the date of completing each 

performance test (defined in §63.2) as required by this subpart, 

the owner or operator must submit the results of the performance 

tests, including any associated fuel analyses, required by this 

subpart to the EPA’s WebFIRE database by using the Compliance 

and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI) that is accessed 

through the EPA’s Central Data Exchange (CDX) 

(http://www.epa.gov/cdx). Performance test data must be 

submitted in the file format generated through use of the EPA’s 

Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) (see 

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/index.html). Only data 

collected using test methods on the ERT website are subject to 

this requirement for submitting reports electronically to 

WebFIRE. Owners or operators who claim that some of the 

information being submitted for performance tests is 

confidential business information (CBI) must submit a complete 

ERT file including information claimed to be CBI on a compact 

disk, flash drive or other commonly used electronic storage 

media to the EPA. The electronic media must be clearly marked as 

CBI and mailed to U.S. EPA/OAPQS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: 
Page 58 of 114 

WebFIRE Administrator, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 

27703. The same ERT file with the CBI omitted must be submitted 

to the EPA via CDX as described earlier in this paragraph. At 

the discretion of the delegated authority, the owner or operator 

must also submit these reports, including the CBI, to the 

delegated authority in the format specified by the delegated 

authority. For any performance test conducted using test methods 

that are not listed on the ERT website, the owner or operator 

must submit the results of the performance test to the 

Administrator at the appropriate address listed in §63.13.

(3) Within 60 days after the date of completing each CEMS 

performance evaluation test as defined in §63.2, the owner or 

operator must submit relative accuracy test audit (RATA) data to 

the EPA’s CDX by using CEDRI in accordance with paragraph (2) of 

this section. Only RATA pollutants that can be documented with 

the ERT (as listed on the ERT website) are subject to this 

requirement. For any performance evaluations with no 

corresponding RATA pollutants listed on the ERT website, the 

owner or operator must submit the results of the performance 

evaluation to the Administrator at the appropriate address 

listed in §63.13.

(4) All reports required by this subpart not subject to the 

requirements in paragraphs (h)(2) and (3) of this section must 
Page 59 of 114 

be sent to the Administrator at the appropriate address listed 

in §63.13. The Administrator or the delegated authority may 

request a report in any form suitable for the specific case 

(e.g., by commonly used electronic media such as Excel 

spreadsheet, on CD or hard copy). The Administrator retains the 

right to require submittal of reports subject to paragraphs 

(h)(2) and (3) of this section in paper format.

§ 63.456 [Reserved]

§ 63.456 Affirmative defense for violation of emission standards

during malfunction.

In response to an action to enforce the standards set forth 

in §§63.443(c) and (d), 63.444(b) and (c), 63.445(b) and (c), 

63.446(c), (d), and (e), 63.447(b) or §63.450(d), the owner or 

operator may assert an affirmative defense to a claim for civil 

penalties for violations of such standards that are caused by 

malfunction, as defined at 40 CFR 63.2. Appropriate penalties 

may be assessed, however, if the owner or operator fails to meet 

the burden of proving all of the requirements in the affirmative 

defense. The affirmative defense shall not be available for 

claims for injunctive relief.

(a) To establish the affirmative defense in any action to 

enforce such a standard, the owner or operator must timely meet 

the reporting requirements in paragraph (b) of this section, and 

must prove by a preponderance of evidence that:
Page 60 of 114 

(1) The violation: 

(i) Was caused by a sudden, infrequent, and unavoidable 

failure of air pollution control equipment, process equipment, 

or a process to operate in a normal or usual manner, and 

(ii) Could not have been prevented through careful 

planning, proper design or better operation and maintenance 

practices; and

 (iii) Did not stem from any activity or event that could 

have been foreseen and avoided, or planned for; and

(iv) Was not part of a recurring pattern indicative of 

inadequate design, operation, or maintenance; and

(2) Repairs were made as expeditiously as possible when a 

violation occurred. Off-shift and overtime labor were used, to 

the extent practicable to make these repairs; and

 (3) The frequency, amount and duration of the violation

(including any bypass) were minimized to the maximum extent 

practicable; and

 (4) If the violation resulted from a bypass of control 

equipment or a process, then the bypass was unavoidable to 

prevent loss of life, personal injury, or severe property 

damage; and
Page 61 of 114 

 (5) All possible steps were taken to minimize the impact of 

the violation on ambient air quality, the environment and human 

health; and

 (6) All emissions monitoring and control systems were kept 

in operation if at all possible, consistent with safety and good 

air pollution control practices; and

 (7) All of the actions in response to the violation were 

documented by properly signed, contemporaneous operating logs; 

and

(8) At all times, the affected source was operated in a 

manner consistent with good practices for minimizing emissions; 

and

(9) A written root cause analysis has been prepared, the 

purpose of which is to determine, correct, and eliminate the 

primary causes of the malfunction and the violation resulting 

from the malfunction event at issue. The analysis shall also 

specify, using best monitoring methods and engineering judgment, 

the amount of any emissions that were the result of the 

malfunction.

(b) Report. The owner or operator seeking to assert an

affirmative defense shall submit a written report to the 

Administrator with all necessary supporting documentation, that 

it has met the requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this 
Page 62 of 114 

section. This affirmative defense report shall be included in 

the first periodic compliance, deviation report or excess 

emission report otherwise required after the initial occurrence 

of the violation of the relevant standard (which may be the end 

of any applicable averaging period). If such compliance, 

deviation report or excess emission report is due less than 45 

days after the initial occurrence of the violation, the 

affirmative defense report may be included in the second 

compliance, deviation report or excess emission report due after 

the initial occurrence of the violation of the relevant 

standard.

§ 63.457 Test methods and procedures. 

(a) Initial pPerformance tests. An iInitial and repeat 

performance tests isare required for allthe emissions sources 

specified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section, except 

for emission sources subject to the limitations in §§63.443, 

63.444, 63.445, 63.446, and 63.447, except those controlled by a 

combustion device that is designed and operated as specified in 

§63.443(d)(3) or (d)(4). 

(1) Conduct an initial performance test for all emission 

sources subject to the limitations in §§63.443, 63.444, 63.445, 

63.446, and 63.447.
Page 63 of 114 

(2) Conduct repeat performance tests at five-year intervals 

for all emission sources subject to the limitations in §§63.443, 

63.444, and 63.445. The first of the 5-year repeat tests must be 

conducted by [INSERT DATE 36 MONTHS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION OF 

THIS FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], and thereafter within 

60 months from the date of the previous performance test. Fiveyear repeat testing is not required for the following:

(i) Knotter or screen systems with HAP emission rates below 

the criteria specified in §63.443(a)(1)(ii).

(ii) Decker systems using fresh water or paper machine 

white water, or decker systems using process water with a total 

HAP concentration less than 400 parts per million by weight as 

specified in §63.443(a)(1)(iv).

(b) Vent sampling port locations and gas stream properties. 

For purposes of selecting vent sampling port locations and 

determining vent gas stream properties, required in §§63.443, 

63.444, 63.445, and 63.447, each owner or operator shall comply 

with the applicable procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through 

(b)(6) of this section. 

(1) Method 1 or 1A of part 60, appendix A-1, as 

appropriate, shall be used for selection of the sampling site as 

follows: 
Page 64 of 114 

(i) To sample for vent gas concentrations and volumetric 

flow rates, the sampling site shall be located prior to dilution 

of the vent gas stream and prior to release to the atmosphere; 

(ii) For determining compliance with percent reduction 

requirements, sampling sites shall be located prior to the inlet 

of the control device and at the outlet of the control device; 

measurements shall be performed simultaneously at the two 

sampling sites; and 

(iii) For determining compliance with concentration limits 

or mass emission rate limits, the sampling site shall be located 

at the outlet of the control device. 

(2) No traverse site selection method is needed for vents 

smaller than 0.10 meter (4.0 inches) in diameter. 

(3) The vent gas volumetric flow rate shall be determined 

using Method 2, 2A, 2C, or 2D of part 60, appendix A-1, as 

appropriate. 

(4) The moisture content of the vent gas shall be measured 

using Method 4 of part 60, appendix A-3. 

(5) To determine vent gas concentrations, the owner or 

operator shall conduct a minimum of three test runs that are 

representative of normal conditions and average the resulting 

pollutant concentrations using the following procedures. 
Page 65 of 114 

(i) Method 308 in Appendix A of this part; Method 320 in 

Appendix A of this part; Method 18 in appendix A-6 of part 60;

ASTM D6420-99 (Reapproved 2004) (incorporated by reference in 

§63.14(b)(28) of subpart A of this part); or ASTM D6348-03 

(incorporated by reference in §63.14(b)(54) of subpart A of this 

part) shall be used to determine the methanol concentration. If 

ASTM D6348-03 is used, the conditions specified in paragraphs 

(b)(5)(i)(A) though (b)(5)(i)(B) must be met.

(A) The test plan preparation and implementation in the 

Annexes to ASTM D6348-03, Sections A1 through A8 are required.

(B) In ASTM D6348-03 Annex A5 (Analyte Spiking Technique), 

the percent (%) R must be determined for each target analyte 

(Equation A5.5 of ASTM D6348-03). In order for the test data to 

be acceptable for a compound, %R must be between 70 and 130 

percent. If the %R value does not meet this criterion for a 

target compound, the test data is not acceptable for that 

compound and the test must be repeated for that analyte 

following adjustment of the sampling or analytical procedure

before the retest. The %R value for each compound must be 

reported in the test report, and all field measurements must be 

corrected with the calculated %R value for that compound using 

the following equation: Reported Result = Measured Concentration 

in the Stack x 100)/%R.
Page 66 of 114 

(ii) Except for the modifications specified in paragraphs 

(b)(5)(ii)(A) through (b)(5)(ii)(K) of this section, Method 26A 

of part 60, appendix A-8 shall be used to determine chlorine 

concentration in the vent stream. 

(A) Probe/sampling line. A separate probe is not required. 

The sampling line shall be an appropriate length of 0.64 cm 

(0.25 in) OD Teflon®tubing. The sample inlet end of the sampling 

line shall be inserted into the stack in such a way as to not 

entrain liquid condensation from the vent gases. The other end 

shall be connected to the impingers. The length of the tubing 

may vary from one sampling site to another, but shall be as 

short as possible in each situation. If sampling is conducted in 

sunlight, opaque tubing shall be used. Alternatively, if 

transparent tubing is used, it shall be covered with opaque 

tape. 

(B) Impinger train. Three 30 milliliter (ml) capacity 

midget impingers shall be connected in series to the sampling 

line. The impingers shall have regular tapered stems. Silica gel 

shall be placed in the third impinger as a desiccant. All 

impinger train connectors shall be glass and/or Teflon®. 

(C) Critical orifice. The critical orifice shall have a 

flow rate of 200 to 250 ml/min and shall be followed by a vacuum 

pump capable of providing a vacuum of 640 millimeters of mercury 
Page 67 of 114 

(mm Hg). A 45 millimeter diameter in-line Teflon 0.8 micrometer 

filter shall follow the impingers to protect the critical 

orifice and vacuum pump. 

(D) The following are necessary for the analysis apparatus: 

(1) Wash bottle filled with deionized water; 

(2) 25 or 50 ml graduated burette and stand; 

(3) Magnetic stirring apparatus and stir bar; 

(4) Calibrated pH Meter; 

(5) 150–250 ml beaker or flask; and 

(6) A 5 ml pipette. 

(E) The procedures listed in paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(E)(1) 

through (b)(5)(ii)(E)(7) of this section shall be used to 

prepare the reagents. 

(1) To prepare the 1 molarity (M) potassium dihydrogen 

phosphate solution, dissolve 13.61 grams (g) of potassium 

dihydrogen phosphate in water and dilute to 100 ml. 

(2) To prepare the 1 M sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), 

dissolve 4.0 g of sodium hydroxide in water and dilute to 100 

ml. 

(3) To prepare the buffered 2 percent potassium iodide 

solution, dissolve 20 g of potassium iodide in 900 ml water. Add 

50 ml of the 1 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 30 

ml of the 1 M sodium hydroxide solution. While stirring 
Page 68 of 114 

solution, measure the pH of solution electrometrically and add 

the 1 M sodium hydroxide solution to bring pH to between 6.95 

and 7.05. 

(4) To prepare the 0.1 normality (N) sodium thiosulfate 

solution, dissolve 25 g of sodium thiosulfate, pentahydrate, in 

800 ml of freshly boiled and cooled distilled water in a 1-liter 

volumetric flask. Dilute to volume. To prepare the 0.01 N sodium 

thiosulfate solution, add 10.0 ml standardized 0.1 N sodium 

thiosulfate solution to a 100 ml volumetric flask, and dilute to 

volume with water. 

(5) To standardize the 0.1 N sodium thiosulfate solution, 

dissolve 3.249 g of anhydrous potassium bi-iodate, primary 

standard quality, or 3.567 g potassium iodate dried at 103 =/-2 

degrees Centigrade for 1 hour, in distilled water and dilute to 

1000 ml to yield a 0.1000 N solution. Store in a glass-stoppered 

bottle. To 80 ml distilled water, add, with constant stirring, 1 

ml concentrated sulfuric acid, 10.00 ml 0.1000 N anhydrous 

potassium bi-iodate, and 1 g potassium iodide. Titrate 

immediately with 0.1 n sodium thiosulfate titrant until the 

yellow color of the liberated iodine is almost discharged. Add 1 

ml starch indicator solution and continue titrating until the 

blue color disappears. The normality of the sodium thiosulfate 
Page 69 of 114 

solution is inversely proportional to the ml of sodium 

thiosulfate solution consumed: 

ml Sodium Thiosulfate Consumed

1

Sodium Thiosulfate

Normality of 

(6) To prepare the starch indicator solution, add a small 

amount of cold water to 5 g starch and grind in a mortar to 

obtain a thin paste. Pour paste into 1 L of boiling distilled 

water, stir, and let settle overnight. Use clear supernate for 

starch indicator solution. 

(7) To prepare the 10 percent sulfuric acid solution, add 

10 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid to 80 ml water in a 100 ml 

volumetric flask. Dilute to volume. 

(F) The procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(F)(1) 

through (b)(5)(ii)(F)(5) of this section shall be used to 

perform the sampling. 

(1) Preparation of collection train. Measure 20 ml buffered 

potassium iodide solution into each of the first two impingers 

and connect probe, impingers, filter, critical orifice, and 

pump. The sampling line and the impingers shall be shielded from 

sunlight. 

(2) Leak and flow check procedure. Plug sampling line inlet 

tip and turn on pump. If a flow of bubbles is visible in either 

of the liquid impingers, tighten fittings and adjust connections 

and impingers. A leakage rate not in excess of 2 percent of the 
Page 70 of 114 

sampling rate is acceptable. Carefully remove the plug from the 

end of the probe. Check the flow rate at the probe inlet with a 

bubble tube flow meter. The flow should be comparable or 

slightly less than the flow rate of the critical orifice with 

the impingers off-line. Record the flow and turn off the pump. 

(3) Sample collection. Insert the sampling line into the 

stack and secure it with the tip slightly lower than the port 

height. Start the pump, recording the time. End the sampling 

after 60 minutes, or after yellow color is observed in the 

second in-line impinger. Record time and remove the tubing from 

the vent. Recheck flow rate at sampling line inlet and turn off 

pump. If the flow rate has changed significantly, redo sampling 

with fresh capture solution. A slight variation (less than 5 

percent) in flow may be averaged. With the inlet end of the line 

elevated above the impingers, add about 5 ml water into the 

inlet tip to rinse the line into the first impinger. 

(4) Sample analysis. Fill the burette with 0.01 N sodium 

thiosulfate solution to the zero mark. Combine the contents of 

the impingers in the beaker or flask. Stir the solution and 

titrate with thiosulfate until the solution is colorless. Record 

the volume of the first endpoint (TN, ml). Add 5 ml of the 10 

percent sulfuric acid solution, and continue the titration until 

the contents of the flask are again colorless. Record the total 
Page 71 of 114 

volume of titrant required to go through the first and to the 

second endpoint (TA, ml). If the volume of neutral titer is less 

than 0.5 ml, repeat the testing for a longer period of time. It 

is important that sufficient lighting be present to clearly see 

the endpoints, which are determined when the solution turns from 

pale yellow to colorless. A lighted stirring plate and a white 

background are useful for this purpose. 

(5) Interferences. Known interfering agents of this method 

are sulfur dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Sulfur dioxide, which 

is used to reduce oxidant residuals in some bleaching systems, 

reduces formed iodine to iodide in the capture solution. It is 

therefore a negative interference for chlorine, and in some 

cases could result in erroneous negative chlorine 

concentrations. Any agent capable of reducing iodine to iodide 

could interfere in this manner. A chromium trioxide impregnated 

filter will capture sulfur dioxide and pass chlorine and 

chlorine dioxide. Hydrogen peroxide, which is commonly used as a 

bleaching agent in modern bleaching systems, reacts with iodide 

to form iodine and thus can cause a positive interference in the 

chlorine measurement. Due to the chemistry involved, the 

precision of the chlorine analysis will decrease as the ratio of 

chlorine dioxide to chlorine increases. Slightly negative 

calculated concentrations of chlorine may occur when sampling a 
Page 72 of 114 

vent gas with high concentrations of chlorine dioxide and very 

low concentrations of chlorine. 

(G) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the corrected sampling flow rate: 





 











 



   t

BP PW S S C U 273

293

760

Where: 

SC=Corrected (dry standard) sampling flow rate, liters per 

minute; 

SU=Uncorrected sampling flow rate, L/min; 

BP=Barometric pressure at time of sampling; 

PW=Saturated partial pressure of water vapor, mm Hg at 

temperature; and 

t=Ambient temperature, °C. 

(H) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the moles of chlorine in the sample: 

  C12 Moles  1 8000 5TN  TA  NThio

Where: 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(I) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the concentration of chlorine in the sample: 

 

c s

N A Thio

S t

T T N C ppmv



   3005 5 12

Where: 

SC=Corrected (dry standard) sampling flow rate, liters per 

minute; 

tS=Time sampled, minutes; 
Page 73 of 114 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(J) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the moles of chlorine dioxide in the sample: 

  C1O2 Moles  1 4000 TA  TN  NThio

Where: 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(K) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the concentration of chlorine dioxide in the sample: 

 

C s

A N Thio

S t

T T N C O ppmv



   6010 1 2

Where: 

SC=Corrected (dry standard) sampling flow rate, liters per 

minute; 

tS=Time sampled, minutes; 

TA=Volume acid titer (total), ml; 

TN=Volume neutral titer, ml; and 

NThio=Normality of sodium thiosulfate titrant. 

(iii) Any other method that measures the total HAP or 

methanol concentration that has been demonstrated to the 

Administrator's satisfaction. 

(6) The minimum sampling time for each of the three test 

runs shall be 1 hour in which either an integrated sample or 

four grab samples shall be taken. If grab sampling is used, then 
Page 74 of 114 

the samples shall be taken at approximately equal intervals in 

time, such as 15 minute intervals during the test run. 

(c) Liquid sampling locations and properties. For purposes 

of selecting liquid sampling locations and for determining 

properties of liquid streams such as wastewaters, process 

waters, and condensates required in §§63.444, 63.446, and 

63.447, the owner or operator shall comply with the following 

procedures: 

(1) Samples shall be collected using the sampling 

procedures of the test method listed in paragraph (c)(3) of this 

section selected to determine liquid stream HAP concentrations; 

(i) Where feasible, samples shall be taken from an enclosed 

pipe prior to the liquid stream being exposed to the atmosphere; 

and 

(ii) When sampling from an enclosed pipe is not feasible, 

samples shall be collected in a manner to minimize exposure of 

the sample to the atmosphere and loss of HAP compounds prior to 

sampling. 

(2) The volumetric flow rate of the entering and exiting 

liquid streams shall be determined using the inlet and outlet 

flow meters or other methods demonstrated to the Administrator's 

satisfaction. The volumetric flow rate measurements to determine 
Page 75 of 114 

actual mass removal shall be taken at the same time as the 

concentration measurements. 

(3) The owner or operator shall conduct a minimum of three 

test runs that are representative of normal conditions and 

average the resulting pollutant concentrations. The minimum 

sampling time for each test run shall be 1 hour and the grab or 

composite samples shall be taken at approximately equally spaced 

intervals over the 1-hour test run period. The owner or operator 

shall use one of the following procedures to determine total HAP 

or methanol concentration: 

(i) Method 305 in Appendix A of this part, adjusted using 

the following equation: 





n

i

i i C C fm

1

Where: 

C =Pollutant concentration for the liquid stream, parts per 

million by weight. 

Ci=Measured concentration of pollutant i in the liquid 

stream sample determined using Method 305, parts per million by 

weight. 

fmi=Pollutant-specific constant that adjusts concentration 

measured by Method 305 to actual liquid concentration; the fm 

for methanol is 0.85. Additional pollutant fm values can be 

found in table 34, subpart G of this part. 

n=Number of individual pollutants, i, summed to calculate 

total HAP. 

(ii) For determining methanol concentrations, NCASI Method 

DI/MEOH–94.03August 1998, Methods Manual, NCASI, Research 
Page 76 of 114 

Triangle Park, NC. This test method is incorporated by reference 

in §63.14(f)(1) of subpart A of this part. 

(iii) Any other method that measures total HAP 

concentration that has been demonstrated to the Administrator's 

satisfaction. 

(4) To determine soluble BOD5in the effluent stream from an 

open biological treatment unit used to comply with 

§§63.446(e)(2) and 63.453(j), the owner or operator shall use 

Method 405.1 of part 136 of this chapter with the following 

modifications: 

(i) Filter the sample through the filter paper, into an 

Erlenmeyer flask by applying a vacuum to the flask sidearm. 

Minimize the time for which vacuum is applied to prevent 

stripping of volatile organics from the sample. Replace filter 

paper as often as needed in order to maintain filter times of 

less than approximately 30 seconds per filter paper. No rinsing 

of sample container or filter bowl into the Erlenmeyer flask is 

allowed. 

(ii) Perform Method 405.1 on the filtrate obtained in 

paragraph (c)(4) of this section. Dilution water shall be seeded 

with 1 milliliter of final effluent per liter of dilution water. 

Dilution ratios may require adjustment to reflect the lower 

oxygen demand of the filtered sample in comparison to the total 
Page 77 of 114 

BOD5. Three BOD bottles and different dilutions shall be used 

for each sample. 

(5) If the test method used to determine HAP concentration 

indicates that a specific HAP is not detectable, the value 

determined as the minimum measurement level (MML) of the 

selected test method for the specific HAP shall be used in the 

compliance demonstration calculations. To determine the MML for 

a specific HAP using one of the test methods specified in 

paragraph (c)(3) of this section, one of the procedures 

specified in paragraphs (c)(5)(i) and (ii) of this section shall 

be performed. The MML for a particular HAP must be determined 

only if the HAP is not detected in the normal working range of 

the method. 

(i) To determine the MML for a specific HAP, the following 

procedures shall be performed each time the method is set up. 

Set up is defined as the first time the analytical apparatus is 

placed in operation, after any shut down of 6 months or more, or 

any time a major component of the analytical apparatus is 

replaced. 

(A) Select a concentration value for the specific HAP in 

question to represent the MML. The value of the MML selected 

shall not be below the calibration standard of the selected test 

method. 
Page 78 of 114 

(B) Measure the concentration of the specific HAP in a 

minimum of three replicate samples using the selected test 

method. All replicate samples shall be run through the entire 

analytical procedure. The samples must contain the specific HAP 

at the selected MML concentration and should be representative 

of the liquid streams to be analyzed in the compliance 

demonstration. Spiking of the liquid samples with a known 

concentration of the target HAP may be necessary to ensure that 

the HAP concentration in the three replicate samples is at the 

selected MML. The concentration of the HAP in the spiked sample 

must be within 50 percent of the proposed MML for the 

demonstration to be valid. As an alternative to spiking, a field 

sample above the MML may be diluted to produce a HAP 

concentration at the MML. To be a valid demonstration, the 

diluted sample must have a HAP concentration within 20 percent 

of the proposed MML, and the field sample must not be diluted by 

more than a factor of five. 

(C) Calculate the relative standard deviation (RSD) and the 

upper confidence limit at the 95 percent confidence level using 

the measured HAP concentrations determined in paragraph 

(c)(5)(i)(B) of this section. If the upper confidence limit of 

the RSD is less than 30 percent, then the selected MML is 

acceptable. If the upper confidence limit of the RSD is greater 
Page 79 of 114 

than or equal to 30 percent, then the selected MML is too low, 

and the procedures specified in paragraphs (c)(5)(i)(A) through 

(C) of this section must be repeated. 

(ii) Provide for the Administrator's approval the selected 

value of the MML for a specific HAP and the rationale for 

selecting the MML including all data and calculations used to 

determine the MML. The approved MML must be used in all 

applicable compliance demonstration calculations. 

(6) When using the MML determined using the procedures in 

paragraph (c)(5)(ii) of this section or when using the MML 

determined using the procedures in paragraph (c)(5)(i), except 

during set up, the analytical laboratory conducting the analysis 

must perform and meet the following quality assurance procedures 

each time a set of samples is analyzed to determine compliance. 

(i) Using the selected test method, analyze in triplicate 

the concentration of the specific HAP in a representative 

sample. The sample must contain the specific HAP at a 

concentration that is within a factor of two of the MML. If 

there are no samples in the set being analyzed that contain the 

specific HAP at an appropriate concentration, then a sample 

below the MML may be spiked to produce the appropriate 

concentration, or a sample at a higher level may be diluted. 

After spiking, the sample must contain the specific HAP within 
Page 80 of 114 

50 percent of the MML. If dilution is used instead, the diluted 

sample must contain the specific HAP within 20 percent of the 

MML and must not be diluted by more than a factor of five. 

(ii) Calculate the RSD using the measured HAP 

concentrations determined in paragraph (c)(6)(i) of this 

section. If the RSD is less than 20 percent, then the laboratory 

is performing acceptably. 

(d) Detectable leak procedures. To measure detectable leaks 

for closed-vent systems as specified in §63.450 or for pulping 

process wastewater collection systems as specified in 

§63.446(d)(2)(i), the owner or operator shall comply with the 

following: 

(1) Method 21, of part 60, appendix A-7; and 

(2) The instrument specified in Method 21 shall be 

calibrated before use according to the procedures specified in 

Method 21 on each day that leak checks are performed. The 

following calibration gases shall be used: 

(i) Zero air (less than 10 parts per million by volume of 

hydrocarbon in air); and 

(ii) A mixture of methane or n-hexane and air at a 

concentration of approximately, but less than, 10,000 parts per 

million by volume methane or n-hexane. 
Page 81 of 114 

(e) Negative pressure procedures. To demonstrate negative 

pressure at process equipment enclosure openings as specified in 

§63.450(b), the owner or operator shall use one of the following 

procedures: 

(1) An anemometer to demonstrate flow into the enclosure 

opening; 

(2) Measure the static pressure across the opening; 

(3) Smoke tubes to demonstrate flow into the enclosure 

opening; or 

(4) Any other industrial ventilation test method 

demonstrated to the Administrator's satisfaction. 

(f) HAP concentration measurements. For purposes of 

complying with the requirements in §§63.443, 63.444, and 63.447, 

the owner or operator shall measure the total HAP concentration 

as one of the following: 

(1) As the sum of all individual HAPs; or 

(2) As methanol. 

(g) Condensate HAP concentration measurement. For purposes 

of complying with the kraft pulping condensate requirements in 

§63.446, the owner or operator shall measure the total HAP 

concentration as methanol. For biological treatment systems 

complying with §63.446(e)(2), the owner or operator shall 

measure total HAP as acetaldehyde, methanol, methyl ethyl 
Page 82 of 114 

ketone, and propionaldehyde and follow the procedures in 

§63.457(l)(1) or (2). 

(h) Bleaching HAP concentration measurement. For purposes 

of complying with the bleaching system requirements in §63.445, 

the owner or operator shall measure the total HAP concentration 

as the sum of all individual chlorinated HAPs or as chlorine. 

(i) Vent gas stream calculations. To demonstrate compliance 

with the mass emission rate, mass emission rate per megagram of 

ODP, and percent reduction requirements for vent gas streams 

specified in §§63.443, 63.444, 63.445, and 63.447, the owner or 

operator shall use the following: 

(1) The total HAP mass emission rate shall be calculated 

using the following equation: 

s

n

j

E K CjM jQ



 



  1

2

Where: 

E=Mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled vent, 

kilograms per hour. 

K2=Constant, 2.494×10-6(parts per million by volume)-1 (grammole per standard cubic meter) (kilogram/gram) (minutes/hour), 

where standard temperature for (gram-mole per standard cubic 

meter) is 20 °C. 

Cj=Concentration on a dry basis of pollutant j in parts per 

million by volume as measured by the test methods specified in 

paragraph (b) of this section. 

Mj=Molecular weight of pollutant j, gram/gram-mole. 

Qs=Vent gas stream flow rate (dry standard cubic meter per 

minute) at a temperature of 20 °C as indicated in paragraph (b) 

of this section. 
Page 83 of 114 

n=Number of individual pollutants, i, summed to calculate 

total HAP. 

(2) The total HAP mass emission rate per megagram of ODP 

shall be calculated using the following equation: 

P

E F 

Where: 

F=Mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled vent, in 

kilograms per megagram of ODP. 

E=Mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled vent, in 

kilograms per hour determined as specified in paragraph (i)(1) 

of this section. 

P=The production rate of pulp during the sampling period, 

in megagrams of ODP per hour. 

(3) The total HAP percent reduction shall be calculated using 

the following equation: 

(100)

i

i o

E

E E R  

Where: 

R=Efficiency of control device, percent. 

Ei=Inlet mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled 

vent, in kilograms of pollutant per hour, determined as 

specified in paragraph (i)(1) of this section. 

Eo=Outlet mass emission rate of total HAP from the sampled 

vent, in kilograms of pollutant per hour, determined as 

specified in paragraph (i)(1) of this section. 

(j) Liquid stream calculations. To demonstrate compliance 

with the mass flow rate, mass per megagram of ODP, and percent 

reduction requirements for liquid streams specified in §63.446, 

the owner or operator shall use the following: 
Page 84 of 114 

(1) The mass flow rates of total HAP or methanol entering 

and exiting the treatment process shall be calculated using the 

following equations: 





 





 





 





 









n

i

a ai ai

n

i

b bi bi

V C

n

K E

V C

n

K E

1

6

1

6

10

10

Where: 

Eb=Mass flow rate of total HAP or methanol in the liquid 

stream entering the treatment process, kilograms per hour. 

Ea=Mass flow rate of total HAP or methanol in the liquid 

exiting the treatment process, kilograms per hour. 

K=Density of the liquid stream, kilograms per cubic meter. 

Vbi=Volumetric flow rate of liquid stream entering the 

treatment process during each run i, cubic meters per hour, 

determined as specified in paragraph (c) of this section. 

Vai=Volumetric flow rate of liquid stream exiting the 

treatment process during each run i, cubic meters per hour, 

determined as specified in paragraph (c) of this section. 

Cbi=Concentration of total HAP or methanol in the stream 

entering the treatment process during each run i, parts per 

million by weight, determined as specified in paragraph (c) of 

this section. 

Cai=Concentration of total HAP or methanol in the stream 

exiting the treatment process during each run i, parts per 

million by weight, determined as specified in paragraph (c) of 

this section. 

n=Number of runs. 

(2) The mass of total HAP or methanol per megagram ODP 

shall be calculated using the following equation: 

P

E F a 

Where: 
Page 85 of 114 

F=Mass loading of total HAP or methanol in the sample, in 

kilograms per megagram of ODP. 

Ea=Mass flow rate of total HAP or methanol in the wastewater 

stream in kilograms per hour as determined using the procedures 

in paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 

P=The production rate of pulp during the sampling period in 

megagrams of ODP per hour. 

(3) The percent reduction of total HAP across the 

applicable treatment process shall be calculated using the 

following equation: 

100  

b

b a

E

E E R

Where: 

R=Control efficiency of the treatment process, percent. 

Eb=Mass flow rate of total HAP in the stream entering the 

treatment process, kilograms per hour, as determined in 

paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 

Ea=Mass flow rate of total HAP in the stream exiting the 

treatment process, kilograms per hour, as determined in 

paragraph (j)(1) of this section. 

(4) Compounds that meet the requirements specified in 

paragraphs (j)(4)(i) or (4)(ii) of this section are not required 

to be included in the mass flow rate, mass per megagram of ODP, 

or the mass percent reduction determinations. 

(i) Compounds with concentrations at the point of 

determination that are below 1 part per million by weight; or 

(ii) Compounds with concentrations at the point of 

determination that are below the lower detection limit where the 

lower detection limit is greater than 1 part per million by 

weight. 
Page 86 of 114 

(k) Oxygen concentration correction procedures. To 

demonstrate compliance with the total HAP concentration limit of 

20 ppmv in §63.443(d)(2), the concentration measured using the 

methods specified in paragraph (b)(5) of this section shall be 

corrected to 10 percent oxygen using the following procedures: 

(1) The emission rate correction factor and excess air 

integrated sampling and analysis procedures of Methods 3A or 3B 

of part 60, appendix A-2 shall be used to determine the oxygen 

concentration. The samples shall be taken at the same time that 

the HAP samples are taken. As an alternative to Method 3B, ASME 

PTC 19.10-1981 [-Part 10] may be used (incorporated by 

reference, see §63.14(i)(1)).

(2) The concentration corrected to 10 percent oxygen shall 

be computed using the following equation: 

















 

d

c m O

C C

% 2 20.9

10.9

Where: 

Cc=Concentration of total HAP corrected to 10 percent 

oxygen, dry basis, parts per million by volume. 

Cm=Concentration of total HAP dry basis, parts per million 

by volume, as specified in paragraph (b) of this section. 

%02d=Concentration of oxygen, dry basis, percent by volume. 

(l) Biological treatment system percent reduction and mass 

removal calculations. To demonstrate compliance with the 

condensate treatment standards specified in §63.446(e)(2) and 
Page 87 of 114 

the monitoring requirements specified in §63.453(j)(3) using a 

biological treatment system, the owner or operator shall use one 

of the procedures specified in paragraphs (1)(1) and (2) of this 

section. Owners or operators using a nonthoroughly mixed open 

biological treatment system shall also comply with paragraph 

(1)(3) of this section. 

(1) Percent reduction methanol procedure. For the purposes 

of complying with the condensate treatment requirements 

specified in §63.446(e)(2) and (3), the methanol percent 

reduction shall be calculated using the following equations: 

 

 

( )

( )

100

1 1.087( )

methanol

nonmethanol

bio

F

F

r

r

f MeOH R





 

Where: 

R = Percent destruction. 

fbio(MeOH) = The fraction of methanol removed in the 

biological treatment system. The site-specific biorate constants 

shall be determined using the appropriate procedures specified 

in appendix C of this part. 

r = Ratio of the sum of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, 

and propionaldehyde mass to methanol mass. 

F(nonmethanol)= The sum of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, 

and propionaldehyde mass flow rates (kg/Mg ODP) entering the 

biological treatment system determined using the procedures in 

paragraph (j)(2) of this section. 

F(methanol)= The mass flow rate (kg/Mg ODP) of methanol 

entering the system determined using the procedures in paragraph 

(j)(2) of this section. 

(2) Mass removal methanol procedure. For the purposes of 

complying with the condensate treatment requirements specified 
Page 88 of 114 

in §63.446(e)(2) and (4), or §63.446(e)(2) and (5), the methanol 

mass removal shall be calculated using the following equation: 

F F  f MeOH /1 1.087(r)  b  bio 

Where: 

F = Methanol mass removal (kg/Mg ODP). 

Fb= Inlet mass flow rate of methanol (kg/Mg ODP) determined 

using the procedures in paragraph (j)(2) of this section. 

fbio(MeOH) = The fraction of methanol removed in the 

biological treatment system. The site-specific biorate constants 

shall be determined using the appropriate procedures specified 

in appendix C of this part. 

r = Ratio of the sum of acetaldehyde, methyl ethyl ketone, 

and propionaldehyde mass to methanol mass determined using the 

procedures in paragraph (1) of this section. 

(3) The owner or operator of a nonthoroughly mixed open 

biological treatment system using the monitoring requirements 

specified in §63.453(p)(3) shall follow the procedures specified 

in section III.B.1 of appendix E of this part to determine the 

borate constant, Ks, and characterize the open biological 

treatment system during the initial and any subsequent 

performance tests. 

(m) Condensate segregation procedures. The following 

procedures shall be used to demonstrate compliance with the 

condensate segregation requirements specified in §63.446(c). 

(1) To demonstrate compliance with the percent mass 

requirements specified in §63.446(c)(2), the procedures 
Page 89 of 114 

specified in paragraphs (m)(1)(i) through (iii) of this section 

shall be performed. 

(i) Determine the total HAP mass of all condensates from 

each equipment system listed in §63.446 (b)(1) through (b)(3) 

using the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (j) of this 

section. 

(ii) Multiply the total HAP mass determined in paragraph 

(m)(1)(i) of this section by 0.65 to determine the target HAP 

mass for the high-HAP fraction condensate stream or streams. 

(iii) Compliance with the segregation requirements 

specified in §63.446(c)(2) is demonstrated if the condensate 

stream or streams from each equipment system listed in 

§63.446(b)(1) through (3) being treated as specified in 

§63.446(e) contain at least as much total HAP mass as the target 

total HAP mass determined in paragraph (m)(1)(ii) of this 

section. 

(2) To demonstrate compliance with the percent mass 

requirements specified in §63.446(c)(3), the procedures 

specified in paragraphs (m)(2)(i) through (ii) of this section 

shall be performed. 

(i) Determine the total HAP mass contained in the high-HAP 

fraction condensates from each equipment system listed in 

§63.446(b)(1) through (b)(3) and the total condensates streams 
Page 90 of 114 

from the equipment systems listed in §63.446(b)(4) and (b)(5), 

using the procedures specified in paragraphs (c) and (j) of this 

section. 

(ii) Compliance with the segregation requirements specified 

in §63.446(c)(3) is demonstrated if the total HAP mass 

determined in paragraph (m)(2)(i) of this section is equal to or 

greater than the appropriate mass requirements specified in 

§63.446(c)(3). 

(n) Open biological treatment system monitoring sampling 

storage. The inlet and outlet grab samples required to be 

collected in §63.453(j)(1)(ii) shall be stored at 4 °C (40 °F) 

to minimize the biodegradation of the organic compounds in the 

samples. 

(o) Performance tests shall be conducted under such 

conditions as the Administrator specifies to the owner or 

operator based on representative performance of the affected 

source for the period being tested. Upon request, the owner or 

operator shall make available to the Administrator such records 

as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance 

tests.

§ 63.458 Implementation and enforcement. 

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the 

U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the applicable State, 
Page 91 of 114 

local, or Tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has 

delegated authority to a State, local, or Tribal agency, then 

that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to 

implement and enforce this subpart. Contact the applicable U.S. 

EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to 

a State, local, or Tribal agency. 

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority 

of this subpart to a State, local, or Tribal agency under 

subpart E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph 

(c) of this section are retained by the Administrator of U.S. 

EPA and cannot be transferred to the State, local, or Tribal 

agency. 

(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, 

local, or Tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs (c)(1) 

through (4) of this section. 

(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in 

§§63.440, 63.443 through 63.447 and 63.450. Where these 

standards reference another subpart, the cited provisions will 

be delegated according to the delegation provisions of the 

referenced subpart. 

(2) Approval of alternatives to using §§63.457(b)(5)(iii), 

63.457(c)(3)(ii) through (iii), and 63.257(c)(5)(ii), and any 
Page 92 of 114 

major alternatives to test methods under §63.7(e)(2)(ii) and 

(f), as defined in §63.90, and as required in this subpart. 

(3) Approval of alternatives using §64.453(m) and any major 

alternatives to monitoring under §63.8(f), as defined in §63.90, 

and as required in this subpart. 

(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and 

reporting under §63.10(f), as defined in §63.90, and as required 

in this subpart.[68 FR 37348, June 23, 2003] 

§ 63.459 Alternative standards. 

(a) Flint River Mill. The owner or operator of the pulping 

system using the kraft process at the manufacturing facility, 

commonly called Weyerhaeuser Company Flint River Operations, at 

Old Stagecoach Road, Oglethorpe, Georgia, (hereafter the Site) 

shall comply with all provisions of this subpart, except as 

specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section. 

(1) The owner or operator of the pulping system is not 

required to control total HAP emissions from equipment systems 

specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) if the owner or 

operator complies with paragraphs (a)(2) through (a)(5) of this 

section. 

(i) The brownstock diffusion washer vent and first stage 

brownstock diffusion washer filtrate tank vent in the pulp 

washing system specified in §63.443(a)(1)(iii). 
Page 93 of 114 

(ii) The oxygen delignification system specified in 

§63.443(a)(1)(v). 

(2) The owner or operator of the pulping system shall 

control total HAP emissions from equipment systems listed in 

paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (a)(2)(ix) of this section as 

specified in §63.443(c) and (d) of this subpart no later than 

April 16, 2002. 

(i) The weak liquor storage tank; 

(ii) The boilout tank; 

(iii) The utility tank; 

(iv) The fifty percent solids black liquor storage tank; 

(v) The south sixty-seven percent solids black liquor 

storage tank; 

(vi) The north sixty-seven percent solids black liquor 

storage tank; 

(vii) The precipitator make down tanks numbers one, two and 

three; 

(viii) The salt cake mix tank; and 

(ix) The NaSH storage tank. 

(3) The owner and operator of the pulping system shall 

operate the Isothermal Cooking system at the site while pulp is 

being produced in the continuous digester at any time after 

April 16, 2002. 
Page 94 of 114 

(i) The owner or operator shall monitor the following 

parameters to demonstrate that isothermal cooking is in 

operation: 

(A) Continuous digester dilution factor; and 

(B) The difference between the continuous digester vapor 

zone temperature and the continuous digester extraction header 

temperature. 

(ii) The isothermal cooking system shall be in operation 

when the continuous digester dilution factor and the temperature 

difference between the continuous digester vapor zone 

temperature and the continuous digester extraction header 

temperature are maintained as set forth in Table 2: 

Table 2 to Subpart S—Isothermal Cooking System Operational 

Values 

Parameter 

Instrument 

number Limit Units 

Digester Dilution Factgor 

Difference in Digester Vapor Zone 

Temperature and Digester. 

Extraction Header Temperature 

K1KILFAC 

03T10311 

03T10329 

>0.0 

<10 

None 

Degrees F. 

(iii) The owner or operator shall certify annually the 

operational status of the isothermal cooking system. 

(4) [Reserved] 

(5) Definitions. All descriptions and references to 

equipment and emission unit ID numbers refer to equipment at the 

Site. All terms used in this paragraph shall have the meaning 
Page 95 of 114 

given them in this part and this paragraph. For the purposes of 

this paragraph only the following additional definitions apply: 

Boilout tank means the tank that provides tank storage 

capacity for recovery of black liquor spills and evaporator 

water washes for return to the evaporators (emission unit ID No. 

U606); 

Brownstock diffusion washer means the equipment used to 

wash pulp from the surge chests to further reduce lignin 

carryover in the pulp; 

Continuous digester means the digester system used to 

chemically and thermally remove the lignin binding the wood 

chips to produce individual pulp fibers (emission unit ID No. 

P300); 

Fifty percent solids black liquor storage tank means the 

tank used to store intermediate black liquor prior to final 

evaporation in the 1A, 1B, and 1C Concentrators (emission unit 

ID No. U605); 

First stage brownstock diffusion washer means the equipment 

that receives and stores filtrate from the first stage of 

washing for return to the pressure diffusion washer; 

Isothermal cooking system means the 1995–1996 modernization 

of brownstock pulping process including conversion of the Kamyr 

continuous vapor phase digester to an extended delignification 
Page 96 of 114 

unit and changes in the knotting, screening, and oxygen stage 

systems: 

NaSH storage tank means the tank used to store sodium 

hydrosulfite solution prior to use as make-up to the liquor 

system 

North sixty-seven percent solids black liquor storage tank

means one of two tanks used to store black liquor prior to 

burning in the Recovery Boiler for chemical recovery (emission 

unit ID No. U501); 

Precipitator make down tank numbers one, two and three mean 

tanks used to mix collected particulate from electrostatic 

precipitator chamber number one with 67% black liquor for 

recycle to chemical recovery in the Recovery Boiler (emission 

unit ID Nos. U504, U505 and U506); 

Salt cake mix tank means the tank used to mix collected 

particulate from economizer hoppers with black liquor for 

recycle to chemical recovery in the Recovery Boiler (emission 

unit ID No. U503); 

South sixty-seven percent solids black liquor storage tank

means one of two tanks used to store black liquor prior to 

burning in the Recovery Boiler for chemical recovery (emission 

unit ID No. U502); 
Page 97 of 114 

Utility tank means the tank used to store fifty percent 

liquor and, during black liquor tank inspections and repairs, to 

serve as a backup liquor storage tank (emission unit ID No. 

U611); 

Weak gas system means high volume, low concentration or 

HVLC system as defined in §63.441; and 

Weak liquor storage tank means the tank that provide surge 

capacity for weak black liquor from digesting prior to feed to 

multiple effect evaporators (emission unit ID No. U610). 

(b) Tomahawk Wisconsin Mill —(1) Applicability. (i) The 

provisions of this paragraph (b) apply to the owner or operator 

of the stand-alone semi-chemical pulp and paper mill located at 

N9090 County Road E in Tomahawk, Wisconsin, referred to as the 

Tomahawk Mill. 

(ii) The owner or operator is not required to comply with 

the provisions of this paragraph (b) if the owner and operator 

chooses to comply with the otherwise applicable sections of this 

subpart and provides the EPA with notice. 

(iii) If the owner or operator chooses to comply with the 

provisions of this paragraph (b) the owner or operator shall 

comply with all applicable provisions of this part, including 

this subpart, except the following: 

(A) Section 63.443(b); 
Page 98 of 114 

(B) Section 63.443(c); and 

(C) Section 63.443(d). 

(2) Collection and routing of HAP emissions. (i) The owner 

or operator shall collect the total HAP emissions from each LVHC 

system. 

(ii) Each LVHC system shall be enclosed and the HAP 

emissions shall be vented into a closed-vent system. The 

enclosures and closed-vent system shall meet requirements 

specified in paragraph (b)(6) of this section. 

(iii) The HAP emissions shall be routed as follows: 

(A) The HAP emissions collected in the closed-vent system 

from the digester system shall be routed through the primary 

indirect contact condenser, secondary indirect contact 

condenser, and evaporator indirect contact condenser; and 

(B) The HAP emissions collected in the closed-vent system 

from the evaporator system and foul condensate standpipe shall 

be routed through the evaporator indirect contact condenser. 

(3) Collection and routing of pulping process condensates. 

(i) The owner or operator shall collect the pulping process 

condensates from the following equipment systems: 

(A) Primary indirect contact condenser; 

(B) Secondary indirect contact condenser; and 

(C) Evaporator indirect contact condenser. 
Page 99 of 114 

(ii) The collected pulping process condensates shall be 

conveyed in a closed collection system that is designed and 

operated to meet the requirements specified in paragraph (b)(7) 

of this section. 

(iii) The collected pulping process condensates shall be 

routed in the closed collection system to the wastewater 

treatment plant anaerobic basins for biodegradation. 

(iv) The pulping process condensates shall be discharged 

into the wastewater treatment plant anaerobic basins below the 

liquid surface of the wastewater treatment plant anaerobic 

basins. 

(4) HAP destruction efficiency requirements of the 

wastewater treatment plant. (i) The owner or operator shall 

achieve a destruction efficiency of at least one pound of HAPs 

per ton of ODP by biodegradation in the wastewater treatment 

plant. 

(ii) The following calculation shall be performed to 

determine the HAP destruction efficiency by biodegradation in 

the wastewater treatment plant: 

     

r

c f c f c r f

d ODP

RME RME PPC r PPC ABD r ABD

HAP

     8.34 

Where: 

HAPd= HAP destruction efficiency of wastewater treatment 

plant (pounds of HAPs per ton of ODP); 
Page 100 of 114 

RMEfr= flow rate of raw mill effluent (millions of gallons 

per day); 

RMEc= HAP concentration of raw mill effluent (milligrams per 

liter); 

PPCfr= flow rate of pulping process condensates (millions of 

gallons per day); 

PPCc= HAP concentration of pulping process condensates 

(milligrams per liter); 

ABDfr= flow rate of anaerobic basin discharge (millions of 

gallons per day); 

ABDc= HAP concentration of anaerobic basin discharge 

(milligrams per liter); and 

ODPr= rate of production of oven dried pulp (tons per day). 

(5) Monitoring requirements and parameter ranges. (i) The 

owner or operator shall install, calibrate, operate, and 

maintain according to the manufacturer's specifications a 

continuous monitoring system (CMS, as defined in §63.2), using a 

continuous recorder, to monitor the following parameters: 

(A) Evaporator indirect contact condenser vent temperature; 

(B) Pulping process condensates flow rate; 

(C) Wastewater treatment plant effluent flow rate; and 

(D) Production rate of ODP. 

(ii) The owner or operator shall additionally monitor, on a 

daily basis, in each of the four anaerobic basins, the ratio of 

volatile acid to alkalinity (VA/A ratio). The owner or operator 

shall use the test methods identified for determining acidity 

and alkalinity as specified in 40 CFR 136.3, Table 1B. 
Page 101 of 114 

(iii) The temperature of the evaporator indirect contact 

condenser vent shall be maintained at or below 140 °F on a 

continuous basis. 

(iv) The VA/A ratio in each of the four anaerobic basins 

shall be maintained at or below 0.5 on a continuous basis. 

(A) The owner or operator shall measure the methanol 

concentration of the outfall of any basin, (using NCASI Method 

DI/MEOH 94.03) (incorporated by reference, see §63.14), when the 

VA/A ratio of that basin exceeds the following: 

(1) 0.38, or 

(2) The highest VA/A ratio at which the outfall of any 

basin has previously measured non-detect for methanol, (using 

NCASI Method DI/MEOH 94.03) (incorporated by reference, see 

§63.14). 

(B) If the outfall of that basin measures detect for 

methanol, the owner or operator shall verify compliance with the 

emission standard specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section 

by conducting a performance test pursuant to the requirements 

specified in paragraph (b)(8) of this section. 

(v) The owner or operator may seek to establish or 

reestablish the parameter ranges, and/or the parameters required 

to be monitored as provided in paragraphs (b)(5)(i) through (v) 
Page 102 of 114 

of this section, by following the provisions of §63.453(n)(1) 

through (4). 

(6) Standards and monitoring requirements for each 

enclosure and closed-vent system. (i) The owner or operator 

shall comply with the design and operational requirements 

specified in paragraphs (b)(6)(ii) through (iv) of this section, 

and the monitoring requirements of paragraphs (b)(6)(v) through 

(x) of this section for each enclosure and closed-vent system 

used for collecting and routing of HAP emissions as specified in 

paragraph (b)(2) of this section. 

(ii) Each enclosure shall be maintained at negative 

pressure at each enclosure or hood opening as demonstrated by 

the procedures specified in §63.457(e). Each enclosure or hood 

opening closed during the initial performance test shall be 

maintained in the same closed and sealed position as during the 

performance test at all times except when necessary to use the 

opening for sampling, inspection, maintenance, or repairs. 

(iii) Each component of the closed-vent system that is 

operated at positive pressure shall be designed for and operated 

with no detectable leaks as indicated by an instrument reading 

of less than 500 parts per million by volume above background, 

as measured by the procedures specified in §63.457(d). 
Page 103 of 114 

(iv) Each bypass line in the closed-vent system that could 

divert vent streams containing HAPs to the atmosphere without 

meeting the routing requirements specified in paragraph (b)(2) 

of this section shall comply with either of the following 

requirements: 

(A) On each bypass line, the owner or operator shall 

install, calibrate, maintain, and operate according to the 

manufacturer's specifications a flow indicator that provides a 

record of the presence of gas stream flow in the bypass line at 

least once every 15 minutes. The flow indicator shall be 

installed in the bypass line in such a way as to indicate flow 

in the bypass line; or 

(B) For bypass line valves that are not computer 

controlled, the owner or operator shall maintain the bypass line 

valve in the closed position with a car seal or seal placed on 

the valve or closure mechanism in such a way that the valve or 

closure mechanism cannot be opened without breaking the seal. 

(v) For each enclosure opening, the owner or operator shall 

perform, at least once every 30 days, a visual inspection of the 

closure mechanism specified in paragraph (b)(6)(ii) of this 

section to ensure the opening is maintained in the closed 

position and sealed. 
Page 104 of 114 

(vi) For each closed-vent system required by paragraph 

(b)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall perform a 

visual inspection every 30 days and at other times as requested 

by the Administrator. The visual inspection shall include 

inspection of ductwork, piping, enclosures, and connections to 

covers for visible evidence of defects. 

(vii) For positive pressure closed-vent systems, or 

portions of closed-vent systems, the owner or operator shall 

demonstrate no detectable leaks as specified in paragraph 

(b)(6)(iii) of this section, measured initially and annually by 

the procedures in §63.457(d). 

(viii) For each enclosure that is maintained at negative 

pressure, the owner or operator shall demonstrate initially and 

annually that it is maintained at negative pressure as specified 

in §63.457(e). 

(ix) For each valve or closure mechanism as specified in 

paragraph (b)(6)(iv)(B) of this section, the owner or operator 

shall perform an inspection at least once every 30 days to 

ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and 

the emissions point gas stream is not diverted through the 

bypass line. 

(x) If an inspection required by paragraph (b)(6) of this 

section identifies visible defects in ductwork, piping, 
Page 105 of 114 

enclosures, or connections to covers required by paragraph 

(b)(6) of this section, or if an instrument reading of 500 parts 

per million by volume or greater above background is measured, 

or if the enclosure openings are not maintained at negative 

pressure, then the following corrective actions shall be taken 

as soon as follows: 

(A) A first effort to repair or correct the closed-vent 

system shall be made as soon as practicable but no later than 5 

calendar days after the problem is identified. 

(B) The repair or corrective action shall be completed no 

later than 15 calendar days after the problem is identified. 

(7) Standards and monitoring requirements for the pulping 

process condensates closed collection system. (i) The owner or 

operator shall comply with the design and operational 

requirements specified in paragraphs (b)(7)(ii) through (iii) of 

this section, and monitoring requirements of paragraph 

(b)(7)(iv) for the equipment systems in paragraph (b)(3) of this 

section used to route the pulping process condensates in a 

closed collection system. 

(ii) Each closed collection system shall meet the 

individual drain system requirements specified in §§63.960, 

63.961, and 63.962, except that the closed vent systems shall be 

designed and operated in accordance with paragraph (b)(6) of 
Page 106 of 114 

this section, instead of in accordance with §63.693 as specified 

in §63.692(a)(3)(ii), (b)(3)(ii)(A), and (b)(3)(ii)(B)(5)(iii); 

and 

(iii) If a condensate tank is used in the closed collection 

system, the tank shall meet the following requirements: 

(A) The fixed roof and all openings (e.g., access hatches, 

sampling ports, gauge wells) shall be designed and operated with 

no detectable leaks as indicated by an instrument reading of 

less than 500 parts per million above background, and vented 

into a closed-vent system that meets the requirements of 

paragraph (b)(6) of this section and routed in accordance with 

paragraph (b)(2) of this section; and 

(B) Each opening shall be maintained in a closed, sealed 

position (e.g., covered by a lid that is gasketed and latched) 

at all times that the tank contains pulping process condensates 

or any HAPs removed from a pulping process condensate stream 

except when it is necessary to use the opening for sampling, 

removal, or for equipment inspection, maintenance, or repair. 

(iv) For each pulping process condensate closed collection 

system used to comply with paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the 

owner or operator shall perform a visual inspection every 30 

days and shall comply with the inspection and monitoring 

requirements specified in §63.964 except for the closed-vent 
Page 107 of 114 

system and control device inspection and monitoring requirements 

specified in §63.964(a)(2). 

(8) Quarterly performance testing. (i) The owner or 

operator shall, within 45 days after the beginning of each 

quarter, conduct a performance test. 

(ii) The owner or operator shall use NCASI Method DI/HAPS–

99.01 (incorporated by reference, see §63.14) to collect a grab 

sample and determine the HAP concentration of the Raw Mill 

Effluent, Pulping Process Condensates, and Anaerobic Basin 

Discharge for the quarterly performance test conducted during 

the first quarter each year. 

(iii) For each of the remaining three quarters, the owner 

or operator may use NCASI Method DI/MEOH 94.03 (incorporated by 

reference, see §63.14) as a surrogate to collect and determine 

the HAP concentration of the Raw Mill Effluent, Pulping Process 

Condensates, and Anaerobic Basin Discharge. 

(iv) The sample used to determine the HAP or Methanol 

concentration in the Raw Mill Effluent, Pulping Process 

Condensates, or Anaerobic Basin Discharge shall be a composite 

of four grab samples taken evenly spaced over an eight hour time 

period. 

(v) The Raw Mill Effluent grab samples shall be taken from 

the raw mill effluent composite sampler. 
Page 108 of 114 

(vi) The Pulping Process Condensates grab samples shall be 

taken from a line tap on the closed condensate collection system 

prior to discharge into the wastewater treatment plant. 

(vii) The Anaerobic Basic Discharge grab samples shall be 

taken subsequent to the confluence of the four anaerobic basin 

discharges. 

(viii) The flow rate of the Raw Mill Effluent, Pulping 

Process Condensates, and Anaerobic Basin Discharge, and the 

production rate of ODP shall be averaged over eight hours. 

(ix) The data collected as specified in paragraphs (b)(5) 

and (b)(8) of this section shall be used to determine the HAP 

destruction efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant as 

specified in paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section. 

(x) The HAP destruction efficiency shall be at least as 

great as that specified by paragraph (b)(4)(i) of this section. 

(9) Recordkeeping requirements. (i) The owner or operator 

shall comply with the recordkeeping requirements as specified in 

Table 1 of subpart S of part 63 as it pertains to §63.10. 

(ii) The owner or operator shall comply with the 

recordkeeping requirements as specified in §63.454(b). 

(iii) The owner or operator shall comply with the 

recordkeeping requirements as specified in §63.453(d). 
Page 109 of 114 

(10) Reporting requirements. (i) Each owner or operator 

shall comply with the reporting requirements as specified in 

Table 1 of §63.10. 

(ii) Each owner or operator shall comply with the reporting 

requirements as specified in §63.455(d). 

(11) Violations. (i) Failure to comply with any applicable 

provision of this part shall constitute a violation. 

(ii) Periods of excess emissions shall not constitute a 

violation provided the time of excess emissions (excluding 

periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction) divided by the 

total process operating time in a semi-annual reporting period 

does not exceed one percent. All periods of excess emission

(including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction) shall 

be reported, and shall include: 

(A) Failure to monitor a parameter, or maintain a parameter 

within minimum or maximum (as appropriate) ranges as specified 

in paragraph (b)(5),(b)(6), or (b)(7) of this section; and 

(B) Failure to meet the HAP destruction efficiency standard 

specified in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. 

(iii) Notwithstanding paragraph (b)(11)(ii) of this 

section, any excess emissions that present an imminent threat to 

public health or the environment, or may cause serious harm to 

public health or the environment, shall constitute a violation. 
Page 110 of 114 

Table 1 to Subpart S of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability 

to Subpart SAa

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.1(a)(1)–(3) Yes 

63.1(a)(4) Yes Subpart S (this table) specifies 

applicability of each paragraph in 

subpart A to subpart S. 

63.1(a)(5) No Section reserved. 

63.1(a)(6)–(8) Yes 

63.1(a)(7)-(9) No Sections reserved. 

63.1(a)(10) No Subpart S and other cross-referenced 

subparts specify calendar or operating 

day. 

63.1(a)(11)–(142) Yes 

63.1(b)(1) No Subpart S specifies its own 

applicability. 

63.1(b)(2)–(3) YesNo Section reserved.

63.1(b)(3) Yes

63.1(c)(1)–(2) Yes 

63.1(c)(3)-(4) No Sections reserved. 

63.1(c)(4)–(5) Yes 

63.1(d) No Section reserved. 

63.1(e) Yes 

63.2 Yes 

63.3 Yes 

63.4(a)(1)-(2) Yes 

63.4(a)(3)

63.4(a)(34)-(5) No Section reserved. 

63.4(a)(5) Yes

63.4(b) Yes 

63.4(c) Yes 

63.5(a) Yes 

63.5(b)(1) Yes 

63.5(b)(2) No Section reserved. 

63.5(b)(3)-(4) Yes 

63.5(b)(54)–(6) NoYes Section reserved

63.5(b)(6) Yes

63.5(c) No Section reserved. 

63.5(d) Yes 

63.5(e) Yes 

63.5(f) Yes 

63.6(a) Yes 

63.6(b)(1)-(5) No Subpart S specifies compliance dates for 

sources subject to subpart S. 

63.6(b)(6) No Section reserved.

63.6(b)(7) No Subpart S specifies compliance dates for 

sources subject to subpart S.

63.6(c)(1)-(2) No Subpart S specifies compliance dates for 

sources subject to subpart S. 

63.6(c)(3)-(4) No Sections reserved.
Page 111 of 114 

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.6(c)(5) No Subpart S specifies compliance dates for 

sources subject to subpart S.

63.6(d) No Section reserved. 

63.6(e)(1)(i) YesNo See §63.453(q) for general duty 

requirement

63.6(e)(1)(ii) No

63.6(e)(1)(iii) Yes

63.6(e)(2) No Section reserved.

63.6(e)(3) No

63.6(f)(1) YesNo

63.6(f)(2)-(3) Yes

63.6(g) Yes 

63.6(h)(1)-(2) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard. 

63.6(h)(3) No Section reserved.

63.6(h)(4)-(9) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard.

63.6(i)(1)-(14) Yes 

63.6(i)(15) No Section reserved.

63.6(i)(16) Yes

63.6(j) Yes 

63.7(a) Yes 

63.7(b) Yes

63.7(c) Yes

63.7(d) Yes

63.7(e)(1) No Replaced with §63.457(o), which specifies 

performance testing conditions under 

Subpart S.

63.7(e)(2)-(4) Yes

63.7(f) Yes

63.7(g)(1) Yes

63.7(g)(2) No Section reserved.

63.7(g)(3) Yes

63.7(h) Yes

63.8(a)(1)-(2) Yes 

63.8(a)(2) Yes

63.8(a)(3) No Section reserved. 

63.8(a)(4) Yes 

63.8(b)(1) Yes 

63.8(b)(2) No Subpart S specifies locations to conduct 

monitoring. 

63.8(b)(3) Yes 

63.8(c)(1)-(c)(1)(i) YesNo See §63.453(q) for general duty 

requirement (which includes monitoring 

equipment)

63.8(c)(1)(ii) Yes

63.8(c)(1)(iii) No

63.8(c)(2)-(3) Yes 

63.8(c)(3) Yes

63.8(c)(4) No Subpart S allows site specific 

determination of monitoring frequency in 

§63.453(n)(4). 
Page 112 of 114 

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.8(c)(5) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard. 

63.8(c)(6)-(8) Yes 

63.8(c)(7) Yes

63.8(c)(8) Yes

63.8(d)(1)-(2) Yes

63.8(d)(3) Yes, except 

for last 

sentence, 

which refers 

to an SSM 

plan. 

SSM plans are not required.

63.8(e) Yes 

63.8(f)(1)–(5) Yes 

63.8(f)(6) No Subpart S does not specify relative 

accuracy test for CEMs. 

63.8(g) Yes 

63.9(a) Yes 

63.9(b)(1)-(2) Yes Initial notifications must be submitted 

within one year after the source becomes 

subject to the relevant standard. 

63.9(b)(3) No Section reserved.

63.9(b)(4)-(5) Yes

63.9(c) Yes 

63.9(d) No Special compliance requirements are only 

applicable to kraft mills. 

63.9(e) Yes 

63.9(f) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard. 

63.9(g)(1) Yes 

63.9(g)(2) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard. 

63.9(g)(3) No Subpart S does not specify relative 

accuracy tests, therefore no notification 

is required for an alternative. 

63.9(h)(1)-(3) Yes 

63.9(h)(4) No Section reserved.

63.9(h)(5)-(6) Yes

63.9(i) Yes 

63.9(j) Yes 

63.10(a) Yes 

63.10(b)(1) Yes 

63.10(b)(2)(i) No

63.10(b)(2)(ii) No See §63.454(g) for recordkeeping of (1) 

occurrence and duration and (2) actions 

taken during malfunction.

63.10(b)(2)(iii) Yes

63.10(b)(2)(iv)-(v) No

63.10(b)(2)(vi)-

(xiv)

Yes

63.10(b)(3) Yes

63.10(c)(1) Yes
Page 113 of 114 

Reference 

Applies to 

Subpart S Comment 

63.10(c)(2)-(4) No Sections reserved.

63.10(c)(5)-(8) Yes

63.10(c)(9) No Section reserved.

63.10(c)(10)-(11) YesNo See §63.454(g) for malfunction 

recordkeeping requirements.

63.10(c)(12)-(14) Yes

63.10(c)(15) No

63.10(d)(1)-(2) Yes 

63.10(d)(2) Yes

63.10(d)(3) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard. 

63.10(d)(4) Yes 

63.10(d)(5) YesNo See §63.455(g) for malfunction reporting

requirements.

63.10(e)(1) Yes 

63.10(e)(2)(i) Yes 

63.10(e)(2)(ii) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard. 

63.10(e)(3) Yes 

63.10(e)(4) No Pertains to continuous opacity monitors 

that are not part of this standard. 

63.10(f) Yes 

63.11–63.15 Yes 

a

Wherever subpart A specifies “postmark” dates, submittals may be sent by 

methods other than the U.S. Mail (e.g., by fax or courier). Submittals shall 

be sent by the specified dates, but a postmark is not required.