### International Council on Clean Transportation research on aspec ts of the U.S. heavy-duty vehicle greenhouse gas and efficiency regul ation Market barriers: Technology availability, cred ible information, uncertain payback time  Roeth, M., Kircher, D., Smith, J., Swim, R. (2014). Barriers t o the increased adopti on of fuel efficiency

technologies in the North Amer ican on-road freight sector. http://www.theicct.org/hdv-technologymarket-barriers-north-america . July. Tractor-trailers: Engine efficien cy, technology availability, technol ogy simulation, payback period  Thiruvengadam, A., Pradhan, S., T hiruvengadam, P., Besch, M., Carder, D., Delgado, O. (2014)

Heavy-duty vehicle di esel engine efficienc y evaluation and ener gy audit. West Virginia University http://www.theicct.org/heavy-duty- vehicle-diesel-engineeffici ency-evaluation-and-energy-audit

.  Delgado, O., Lutsey, N. (2014) . The U.S. SuperTruck Program: E xpediting development of advanced

HDV efficiency technologies. http://www.theicct.org/u s-supertruck-program-expediting-developmentadvanced-hdv-efficiency-technologies . June.  Lutsey, N., Langer, T., Khan, S . (2014). Stakeholder workshop report on tractor-trailer efficiency

technology in the 2015-2030 timeframe. http://www.theicct.org/stakeholder-workshop-report-tractortrailer-efficiency-technology-2015-2030 . August  Delgado, O., Lutsey, N. (2015). A dvanced tractor-trailer effic iency technology potential in the 2020–

2030 timeframe. http://www.theicct.org/us-trac tor-trailer-efficiency-technology . April.  Meszler, D., Lutsey, N., Del gado, O. (2015). Cost effectivenes s of advanced effici ency technologies

for long-haul tractor-trailers in the 2020–2030 timeframe. http://www.theicct.org/us-tractor-trailer-techcost-effectiveness . April. Regulatory design: Structure, simulation modeling

 Sharpe, B., Delgado, O., Muncri ef, R. (2014). Comparative asse ssment of heavy-duty vehicle

regulatory design options for U.S. greenhouse gas and efficienc y regulation. http://www.theicct.org/us-phase2-hdv-regulation-design-options . October.  Franco, V., Delgado, O., Munc rief, R. (2015). H eavy-duty vehic le fuel-efficiency simulation: A

comparison of US and EU tools. http://www.theicct.org/heavy-duty-vehicle-fuel-efficiency-simulationcomparison-us-and-eu-tools . May. Trailers: Market, regulatory design, technology, cost

 Sharpe, B., Clark, N., Lowell , D. (2013). Trailer technologies for increased heavy-duty vehicle

efficiency. http://www.theicct.org/trailer-tec hnologies-increased-hdv-efficiency . June.  Sharpe, B. (2014). Recommendatio ns for regulatory design, test ing, and certificati on for integrating

trailers into the P hase 2 U.S. heavy-dutyvehicle fuel efficien cy and greenhouse gas regulation. http://www.theicct.org/integrating-tr ailers-us-phase-2-hdv-efficiency-rule . February.  Sharpe, B., Roeth, M. (2014). Cos ts and adoption rates of fuel -saving technologies for trailers in the

North American on-r oad freight sector. http://www.theicct.org/costs-and- adoption-rates-fuel-savingtrailer-technologies . February.  Sharpe, B., Delgado, O., Lutse y, N. (2014). Benefit-cost analy sis of integrating tr ailers into heavy-duty

vehicle efficiency regulation. http://www.theicct.org/integrating-tr ailers-hdv-regulation-benefit-costanalysis . July. Commercial pickups and vans

 Lutsey, N. (2015). Regulatory c onsiderations fo r advancing com mercial pickup and van efficiency

technology in the United States. http://www.theicct.org/us-commercial-pickups-vans-efficiencytechnology . April.