International Council on Clean Transportation research on aspects of 

the U.S. heavy-duty vehicle greenhouse gas and efficiency regulation 

Market barriers: Technology availability, credible information, uncertain payback time 

 Roeth, M., Kircher, D., Smith, J., Swim, R. (2014). Barriers to the increased adoption of fuel efficiency 

technologies in the North American on-road freight sector. http://www.theicct.org/hdv-technologymarket-barriers-north-america. July. 

Tractor-trailers: Engine efficiency, technology availability, technology simulation, payback period 

 Thiruvengadam, A., Pradhan, S., Thiruvengadam, P., Besch, M., Carder, D., Delgado, O. (2014) 

Heavy-duty vehicle diesel engine efficiency evaluation and energy audit. West Virginia University 

http://www.theicct.org/heavy-duty-vehicle-diesel-engineefficiency-evaluation-and-energy-audit. 

 Delgado, O., Lutsey, N. (2014). The U.S. SuperTruck Program: Expediting development of advanced 

HDV efficiency technologies. http://www.theicct.org/us-supertruck-program-expediting-developmentadvanced-hdv-efficiency-technologies. June. 

 Lutsey, N., Langer, T., Khan, S. (2014). Stakeholder workshop report on tractor-trailer efficiency 

technology in the 2015-2030 timeframe. http://www.theicct.org/stakeholder-workshop-report-tractortrailer-efficiency-technology-2015-2030. August 

 Delgado, O., Lutsey, N. (2015). Advanced tractor-trailer efficiency technology potential in the 2020–

2030 timeframe. http://www.theicct.org/us-tractor-trailer-efficiency-technology. April. 

 Meszler, D., Lutsey, N., Delgado, O. (2015). Cost effectiveness of advanced efficiency technologies 

for long-haul tractor-trailers in the 2020–2030 timeframe. http://www.theicct.org/us-tractor-trailer-techcost-effectiveness. April. 

Regulatory design: Structure, simulation modeling 

 Sharpe, B., Delgado, O., Muncrief, R. (2014). Comparative assessment of heavy-duty vehicle 

regulatory design options for U.S. greenhouse gas and efficiency regulation. 

http://www.theicct.org/us-phase2-hdv-regulation-design-options. October. 

 Franco, V., Delgado, O., Muncrief, R. (2015). Heavy-duty vehicle fuel-efficiency simulation: A 

comparison of US and EU tools. http://www.theicct.org/heavy-duty-vehicle-fuel-efficiency-simulationcomparison-us-and-eu-tools. May. 

Trailers: Market, regulatory design, technology, cost 

 Sharpe, B., Clark, N., Lowell, D. (2013). Trailer technologies for increased heavy-duty vehicle 

efficiency. http://www.theicct.org/trailer-technologies-increased-hdv-efficiency. June. 

 Sharpe, B. (2014). Recommendations for regulatory design, testing, and certification for integrating 

trailers into the Phase 2 U.S. heavy-duty vehicle fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas regulation. 

http://www.theicct.org/integrating-trailers-us-phase-2-hdv-efficiency-rule. February. 

 Sharpe, B., Roeth, M. (2014). Costs and adoption rates of fuel-saving technologies for trailers in the 

North American on-road freight sector. http://www.theicct.org/costs-and-adoption-rates-fuel-savingtrailer-technologies. February. 

 Sharpe, B., Delgado, O., Lutsey, N. (2014). Benefit-cost analysis of integrating trailers into heavy-duty 

vehicle efficiency regulation. http://www.theicct.org/integrating-trailers-hdv-regulation-benefit-costanalysis. July. 

Commercial pickups and vans 

 Lutsey, N. (2015). Regulatory considerations for advancing commercial pickup and van efficiency 

technology in the United States. http://www.theicct.org/us-commercial-pickups-vans-efficiencytechnology. April.