# Patent

## Title
Method for improving peer to peer network communication

## Abstract

The present invention relates to a node for deployment on a peer to peer network. The node is programmed for monitoring the network to receive communication messages therefrom and to forward the communication messages, optionally changing the communications radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value. The node can forward messages from one network to another or from one network to the same network. The invention also provides a method for monitoring communication messages for selected objects by nodes on a peer to peer network. The method includes interposing the node on the network. The node has at least one stored object corresponding to a communication message object stored at the node; and monitors the network to detect communication messages matching at least one of the stored objects and decides whether or not to forward or change communication message radius parameters based on some defined programming or configuration.

## Background
RELATED PATENT APPLICATION
This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/764,111, filed Jan. 23, 2004, entitled Method for Monitoring and Providing Information Over a Peer to Peer Network.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a method for peer to peer network communications, and, in particular, to connecting one or more peer to peer networks together and accepting communication messages from a node and providing the communication message to another node. The present invention may also change communication message radius parameters to increase the communication message radius of travel on the network.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As used herein, peer to peer networks which are the subject of the present invention comprise multiple nodes, each node typically consisting both of file server and client, which can send and receive data or “Communication messages” to or from a node to which such is connected.
In a peer to peer network each node is connected to other nodes over a communication medium, such as the internet, either directly or through some type of proxy. For example, when a search request is issued such originating node sends a search request to all of the nodes to which it is connected. (see FIG. 1) These nodes search their list of available files and if a match is found they send a response back with the location. However, a peer to peer proxy network typically consists of node A which is connected to a node B and node B is connected to a node C (see FIG. 2). Node A is not directly connected to node C such that if node A issues a search request it will be forwarded to node B to search its available files and if a match is found it will send a response back to node A. Node B will then forward node A's request to node C and Node C will search its available files and if a match is found it will send a response back to node B. Node B will then forward this response to node A. FIG. 3 depicts a nonproxy loop network wherein each node is directly connected to another.
Some peer to peer networks utilize a leaf node/main node proxy topology (see FIG. 4) where some nodes are classified as main nodes and the remaining nodes are classified as leaf nodes. Leaf nodes can only connect to main nodes. Only main nodes can connect to other main nodes. When a leaf node issues a search request it sends the request to the main node with which it is connected. The main node then forwards the request to any other leaf nodes that are connected to it and also to any main nodes to which it is connected. These main nodes forward the request to any leaf nodes that are connected to them.
In peer to peer networks, communication messages are sent to the nodes to which they are connected and, in turn, each of those nodes send the communication messages to other nodes to which they are connected.
Multiple peer to peer networks exist, usually each having a preferred set of attributes. Users wishing to utilize one peer to peer network for its specific attributes must install specific software to access the specific network. Often users wish to access multiple networks and therefore have multiple software applications installed on their computer. When the user wishes to search a specific network the user must start the specific software application and initiate the search. If the result is not satisfactory, the user must launch a second application and search a second peer to peer network. Thus, it would be advantageous if users could search one network using the software application of their choice and have their communication messages be forwarded to a second network automatically.
Referring to FIG. 9, a peer to peer network is depicted, but which is normally quite large. Often these networks comprise hundreds of thousands of nodes. To reduce the bandwidth required to operate such networks, nodes have a community imposed transmission distance or “Radius” limitation. Communication messages contain communication message radius parameters such as “hops” and time to live. Hops is a value that normally starts at 0 and increments each time the communication is forwarded. Time to live is a value that normally starts at 5 and is decremented each time the communication is forwarded. When hops reaches a preset limit, often 5, or time to live reaches 0, the communication is dropped from the network. Often nodes have a “Max time to live” setting this value is typically set to 5. If a node receives a communication message time to live which is higher than its configured max time to live, the packet is either dropped or the communication message time to live is dropped to the configured value in the max time to live. This effectively enforces a community time to live value and limits the number of nodes that would receive a communication message from a transmitting node. It would be advantageous if the communication message could travel some distance and then have its communication message radius parameters changed to an optimal or near optimal value to increase the distance the communication message could travel. For instance, a communication message could travel 4 hops and then have its settings changed back to 0.
Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for improving peer to peer network communications. It is yet another object of the present invention to connect two or more peer to peer networks together and accept communication messages from one and provide it to another. It is yet another object of the present invention to accept communication messages from a peer to peer network and change the communication message radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value and retransmit the communication message so that the radius or distance of the communication is extended.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally, the present invention provides a method for improving peer to peer network communications by utilizing at least one of the methods set forth below. The preferred method comprises:

    
    
        For example, at least one improvement-node is placed into a peer to peer network. The improvement-node (a) may optionally connect a second time to the same or a different peer to peer network; (b) may accept communication messages from one network and forwarding it onto the same or another network, optionally setting the communication message radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value. Additionally, the improvement-node may accept communication messages from one network and compare it to a set of definitions to make a decision to drop or forward the communication message. It may optionally set the communication message radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value and forward the communication message.
    
    


Thus, the present invention provides a method for connecting one or more peer to peer networks together and accepting communication messages from one and providing it to another. The invention does not require that all communication messages be forwarded or that the improvement-node connect to multiple networks. In one such embodiment, the improvement-node only forwards search and search response communication messages while not forwarding other communication messages. In another embodiment, the improvement-node connects to the same network and accepts communication messages, changes the communication messages radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value, and resends it on the same network. In another embodiment, the improvement-node accepts all communication messages and forwards all communication messages. In another embodiment the improvement-node accepts communication messages from one network and uses preconfigured information to decide if it should forward it onto another network. In yet another embodiment, the improvement-node accepts communication messages from a node on a network and issues new communication messages containing the same information onto the same network or different network on behalf of the original node.
In all of the embodiments, the improvement-node is configured to have one or more of the features set forth below. These features are employed in the method for improving peer to peer network communication to provide enhanced capabilities compared to the network nodes in the particular network being addressed. Thus, not all of the capabilities need to be programmed into each improvement-node in order to accept and forward communication messages. The presently preferred configurations include:

    
    
        The improvement-node is configured to connect to the same network multiple times.
        The improvement-node is configured to connect to multiple networks.
        The improvement-node is configured to connect to multiple networks multiple times.
        The improvement-node is configured to accept communication messages from one network and forward it to another.
        The improvement-node is configured to accept communication messages from one network, change its communication message radius parameters, and resend the communication message on another network.
        The improvement-node is configured to accept communication messages from one network, change the communication message radius parameters, and resend the communication messages on the same network.
        The improvement-node is configured to make a decision to forward a communication message based on a preprogrammed configuration.
        The improvement-node is configured to make a decision to change communication message radius parameters based on a preprogrammed configuration.
        The improvement-node is configured to accept communication messages from one node, create new communication messages with the same information except changing the identification information to that of its own, forward the new communication messages onto the same or different network, receive responses to said new communication messages and forwarding response of new communication messages to the original node.
        The improvement-node is configured to speak multiple protocols.
        The improvement-node is configured to bridge together multiple networks.
        The improvement-node is configured to route one network to another.
        The improvement-node is configured to repeat a communication message to extend its distance of travel.
    
    


Other advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a perusal of the following detailed description of presently preferred embodiments of the invention taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic of a two node peer to peer network;
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic of a peer to peer proxy network;
FIG. 3 is a simplified schematic view of a peer to peer, nonproxy, and loop network;
FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic of a peer to peer leaf/main node network;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart representation of the programming or configuring an improvement-node to connect two networks together;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart representation of the programming or configuring an improvement-node to change the communication message radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value;
FIG. 7 is a simplified schematic of two peer to peer networks being connected together via an improvement-node;
FIG. 8 is a simplified schematic of an improvement-node being used to reset communication message radius parameters;
FIG. 9 is a simplified schematic of a large peer to peer network.



DESCRIPTION OF PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the preferred methods of the present invention advantageously utilize at least one improvement-node. The improvement-node has certain preferred attributes and these attributes are configured for the specific type of communications improvement desired by the end user.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, an improvement-node comprises both a hardware system such as a computer, thin appliance, ASIC based device or other similar device, which can be programmed with specific logic or programming code (i.e., software). In the preferred embodiments, the device preferably has the capability of being connected with a physical network either directly or through the use of a gateway. The programming logic provides the device with the capability to transmit and receive on both physical networks as well as the peer to peer networks, which typically ride on top of a physical network. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, programming logic is a software program, but may also be hardcoded non-changeable procedural information such as typically found on an ASIC based device.
Referring generally to FIG. 5, a flow chart discloses one method for the programming logic that configures a device acting as an improvement-node to attach to two peer to peer networks. This improvement-node accepts communication messages from nodes participating on one network and forwards them onto another network.
Referring generally to FIG. 6, a flow chart discloses one method for the programming logic that configures a device acting as an improvement-node to attach to the same peer to peer network twice. This improvement-node accepts communication messages from nodes participating on the network, changes the communication message radius parameters, and forwards the communication messages onto the same network.
It may be advantageous to prevent transmission of communications from one network to the other, for instance if the operator of the improvement-node was trying to prevent copyright infringement requests from transversing the networks. In this case the programming logic can be configured to receive communication messages and compare them to criteria and to then perform some event whether or not a match is found. The programming logic may elect to drop the communication message and not pass it on to other networks. This election can be automatic depending on trigger points such as load or it can be configured to do so by the user of the programming logic.
The method for comparing may include inter string, complete string, partial string, fuzzy logic, patricia tree, or any other method that could be used to compare the likeness of two or more strings or portions of two or more strings. String comparison can occur in parallel with other searches to increase throughput or they can be compared serially (meaning one after another). If a match is made, the programming logic can drop the communication message if it is programmed to do so.
In one such embodiment the improvement-node only forwards search and search response communication message while not forwarding other communication messages. In this embodiment the improvement-node would accept the communication message, decide if it is a search or a response to a search and then forward on or drop the communication message based on its findings.
In another embodiment the improvement-node is functioning as a “repeater” so the communication message can travel further on the network then it normally would. In this case, the improvement-node would accept the communication message from a node or network and set the communication message radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value and retransmit the communication message.
In another embodiment, the improvement-node accepts all communication messages and forwards all communication messages. In this embodiment, the improvement-node would accept all communication messages from one network and forward it to another network.
In another embodiment, the improvement-node accepts communication messages from a node and makes a request onto either the same network or a different network on behalf of the node. This would be useful in a caching environment or in an environment where the original node wished to hide its identity. The node would issue a communication message, which the improvement-node would accept. The improvement-node would replace the original communication message with one of its own, making it appear as though it is sending the communication message for the benefit of itself. The improvement-node would maintain a table of node communication messages to “on behalf of” communication messages. As communication messages or services were returned to the improvement-node, the improvement node would look in this table for a correlation. It would then forward the communication messages or services to the original node.
EXAMPLES
The following Examples illustrate various embodiments of the methods according to the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to FIG. 7, this example illustrates a method for connecting two networks together, accepting communication messages from one, and forwarding it to another.
In this example nodes A, B, and C are on a first network and nodes E, F, and G are on a second network. Each network is unable to communicate with each other because they speak different protocols. Node D is an improvement node and is part of both networks and can speak both protocols. Node A searches for a file named “A” and sends this search request to nodes B and C. Nodes B and C accept this search request. Node C forwards the search request to node D. Node D accepts the search request and forwards it to node E. Node E accepts the search request and forwards it to nodes F and G. Nodes F and G accept the search request. All nodes process the search request. Node G finds that it has the file and sends a response to node E. Node E forwards this response to node D. Node D forwards this response to node C. Node C forwards this response to node A. Node A receives the response from node G, which is on another network.
Example 2
Referring to FIG. 8, this example illustrates a method for accepting communication messages from nodes participating on a single network, changing the communication message radius parameters, and forwarding the communication messages onto the same network.
In this example, all nodes are on one network and node C is an improvement-node and is configured to accept any communication messages, change the communication message radius parameters to an optimal or near optimal value, and retransmit the communication messages.
Node A is configured to send a search request no further than 3 hops away from where it is connected into the network. It sends the search to node B. Node B accepts the search and increments its hop value to 1 and forwards it to node C. Node C accepts the search and resets the hop value to 0 and forwards the search to node D. Node D accepts the search and increments its hop value to 1 and forwards the search to node E. Node E receives the search and increments its hop value to 2 and forwards the search to node F. Node F accepts the search. All nodes process the search request. Node F finds that it has the file and generates a response with a hop value of 0 and sends the response to node E. Node E accepts the response and increments the hop value to 1 and forwards this response to node D. Node D accepts the response and increments the hop value to 2 and forwards the response to node C. Node C accepts the response and changes the hop value to 0. Node C forwards the response to node B. Node B accepts the response and increments the hop value to 1 and then forwards the response to node A. Node A accepts the response. The end result is that even though Node G was 5 hops away it was still able to communicate with Node A.
Example 3
Referring to FIG. 7, example 3 illustrates a method for connecting two networks together, accepting communication messages from one, comparing it a list of criteria and dropping the communication message if it matches or forwarding it if it doesn't.
In this example, nodes A, B, and C are on a first network and nodes E, F, and G are on a second network. Each network is unable to communicate with each other because they use different protocols. Node D is an improvement-node and is part of both networks and can operate with both protocols. Node D is configured to drop searches for “Madonna.txt”. Node A searches for a file named “Madonna.txt” and sends this search request to nodes B and C. Nodes B and C accept this search request. Node C forwards the search request to node D. Since node D is configured to drop searches that match “Madonna.txt” and because node A searched for “Madonna.txt” node D drops the search.
Node A then searches for a file named “A” and sends this search request to nodes B and C. Nodes B and C accept the search request. Node C forwards the search request to node D. Since node D is configured to drop searches for “Madonna.txt” and because node A searched for “A” node D forwards the search request to node E. Node E accepts the search request and forwards it to nodes F and G. Nodes F and G accept the search request. All nodes process the search request. Node G finds that it has the file and sends a response to node E. Node E forwards this response to node D. Node D forwards this response to node C. Node C forwards this response to node A. Node A receives the response from node G which is on another network.
Example 4
Again, referring to FIG. 7, example 4 illustrates a method for connecting two networks together, accepting communication messages from one, and forwarding only searches and search responses and nothing else to another network.
In this example nodes A, B, and C are on a first network and nodes E, F, and G are on a second network. Each network is unable to communicate with each other because they use different protocols. Node D is an improvement-node and is part of both networks and can utilize both protocols. Node A searches for a file named “A” and sends this search request to nodes B and C. Nodes B and C accept this search request. Node C forwards the search request to node D. Node D accepts the search request and forwards it to node E. Node E accepts the search request and forwards it to nodes F and G. Nodes F and G accept the search request. All nodes process the search request. Node G finds that it has the file and sends a response to node E. Node E forwards this response to node D. Node D forwards this response to node C. Node C forwards this response to node A. Node A receives the response from node G which is on another network.
Node A then sends a ping request to nodes B and C. Node B receives the request and responds. Node C receives the request and responds. Node C forwards the ping request to node D. Because node D is configured to only forward search requests and responses it accepts the ping and responds, but it does not forward the ping.
Example 5
Referring to FIG. 7, example 5 illustrates a method for accepting communications from a node on a first network and forwarding the communications onto a second network while making it appear that the original communications came from the improvement-node when in fact it did not. For this example, refer to FIG. 7.
In this example, node D is the improvement node. Node C wishes to locate a file named “X” and sends a search request to node D. Node D accepts this search request and creates a new request with the same search terms, but with its own address information. Node D stores this request in a table so that it knows that if any requests are received it should forward them to node C. Node D forwards this request to node E. Node E accepts the search request and finds that it has a match. Node E generates a response with node D's address information and forwards the response to node D. Node D accepts the response and looks in it tables and finds that this response was meant for node C, so it forwards this response to Node C.
While presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, the invention may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method of communicating over a peer to peer network, the method comprising the steps of:
interposing at least one node on a peer to peer network;
accepting a first communication message from a first node in the peer to peer network, the first message including information therein;
creating a second communication message, the second communication message including the same information as the first communication message except for an identification information that is different from the first communication message;
forwarding the second communication message to a second node in the peer to peer network;
resetting a communication radius parameter of the second communication message to a value to increase the distance the communication message is expected to travel in response to an expiration of the communication message radius parameter, prior to forwarding the second communication message; and
forwarding the response to the first node.

2. A method of communicating over a peer to peer network communications, the method comprising the steps of:
interposing at least one node on a peer to peer network; connecting to first and second peer to peer networks;
accepting communication messages from the first network;
creating new communication messages with the same information and new identification information to replace the accepted messages;
forwarding the new communication messages onto the second network;
resetting a communication radius parameter to a value to increase the distance the communication message is expected to travel in response to an expiration of the communication message radius parameter, prior to forwarding the new communication messages to the second network;
receiving responses to the new communication messages; and
forwarding the responses of the new communication messages to an original node of the first network.

3. A method as set forth in claim 2 wherein the at least one node hides the identity of the original node.