FE corrections

Alan Stout Alan Stout to: Giedrius Ambrozaitis, John Cabaniss 06/15/2011 09:19 AM

 Giedrius and John,

We finalized the fuel economy labeling rule last month and found that there were a few things that we 

need to correct. Attached is a file with a variety of adjustments to the regulations to address these 

concerns. These should be rather self-explanatory, but feel free to ask questions if any of this needs 

explanation. Our goal is to include these changes in the upcoming final rule for heavy -duty greenhouse 

gas emissions. With the goal of finalizing all this within the next two months or so , it would be good to 

give people a chance to look this over soon to make sure we get it right.

Let us know if you see anything that needs further attention. 

Thanks much.

Alan

_______________

Alan Stout

U.S. EPA Office of Transportation and Air Quality

2000 Traverwood Dr. 

Ann Arbor, MI 48105

734-214-4805

734-214-4816 (fax)

stout.alan@epa.gov
PART 86—CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY 

VEHICLES AND ENGINES 

§ 86.1 Reference materials. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(xli) SAE J1711, Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel 

Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, June 2010, IBR 

approved for § 86.1811-04(n). 

* * * * * 

(4) * * * 

(i) * * * 

(A) [Reserved] California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2003 and 

Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-duty Truck and Medium-duty Vehicle Classes, August 5, 

1999, IBR approved for §§86.1806–01, 86.1811–04, 86.1844–01.

* * * * * 

§ 86.1806-01 On-board diagnostics. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(8) * * * 

(ii) [Reserved] The manufacturer must equip “off-vehicle charge capable HEVs” with a useful 

life indicator for the battery system consisting of a light that must illuminate the first time the 

battery system is unable to achieve an all-electric operating range (starting from a full stateof-charge) which is at least 75 percent of the range determined for the vehicle in the Urban 

Driving Schedule portion of the All-Electric Range Test (see the California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 

Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes. These requirements are incorporated 

by reference (see §86.1).

* * * * * 

§ 86.1806-05 On-board diagnostics for vehicles less than or equal to 14,000 pounds 

GVWR. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(8) * * * 

(ii) [Reserved] The manufacturer must equip “off-vehicle charge capable HEVs” with a useful 

life indicator for the battery system consisting of a light that must illuminate the first time the 

battery system is unable to achieve an all-electric operating range (starting from a full stateof-charge) which is at least 75 percent of the range determined for the vehicle in the Urban 

Driving Schedule portion of the All-Electric Range Test (see the California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles, and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, 
Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes. These requirements are incorporated 

by reference (see §86.1).

* * * * * 

§ 86.1811-04 Emission standards for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and mediumduty passenger vehicles. 

* * * * * 

(n) Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) requirements. For FTP and 

SFTP exhaust emissions, and unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, manufacturers 

must measure emissions from all HEVs and ZEVs according to the procedures specified in 

SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 86.1).requirements and test procedures found in 

the document entitled California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2003 

and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-duty Truck and Medium-duty Vehicle Classes. 

This document is incorporated by reference (see §86.1) . Requirements and procedures in this 

document that are relevant only to complying with the California ZEV mandate, computing 

partial and full ZEV allowance credits, or generating and using ZEV credits, are not relevant 

to the federal program and may be disregarded. Discussion in that document relevant to fleet 

average NMOG standards and NMOG credits may also be disregarded.

* * * * * 

§ 86.1823-08 Durability demonstration procedures for exhaust emissions. 

* * * * * 

(m) * * * 

(1) CO2. (i) Unless otherwise specified under paragraph (m)(1)(ii) of this section, manufacturers 

may use a multiplicative CO2 deterioration factor of one or an additive deterioration factor of 

zero to determine full useful life emissions for the FTP and HFET tests. 

* * * * * 

(iii) Alternatively, manufacturers may use the whole-vehicle mileage accumulation procedures in 

§86.1823–08 paragraphs (c) or (d)(1) to determine CO2 deterioration factors. In this case, each 

FTP test performed on the durability data vehicle selected under §86.1822–01 of this part must 

also be accompanied by an HFET test, and combined FTP/HFET CO2 results determined by 

averaging the city (FTP) and highway (HFET) CO2 values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. 

The deterioration factor will be determined for this combined CO2 value. Calculated 

multiplicative deterioration factors that are less than one shall be set to equal one, and calculated 

additive deterioration factors that are less than zero shall be set to zero. 

* * * * * 

(2) N2O and CH4. (i) For manufacturers complying with the FTP emission standards for N2O and 

CH4 specified in §86.1818–12(f)(1) or determined under §86.1818–12 (f)(3), FTP-based 

deterioration factors for N2O and CH4 shall be determined according to the provisions of

paragraphs (a) through (l) of this section. 

(ii) For manufacturers complying with the fleet averaging option for N2O and CH4 as allowed 

under §86.1818–12(f)(2), deterioration factors based on FTP testing shall be determined and may 
be used to determine full useful life emissions for the FTP and HFET tests. The manufacturer 

may optionally determine separate deterioration factors shall be determined for the FTP and 

HFET test cycles, in which case. Therefore each FTP test performed on the durability data 

vehicle selected under §86.1822–01 of this part must also be accompanied by an HFET test. 

* * * * * 

 (3) Other carbon-related exhaust emissions. Deterioration FTP-based deterioration factors shall 

be determined for carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE), hydrocarbons, and CO according to 

the provisions of paragraphs (a) through (l) of this section. The FTP-based deterioration factor 

shall be used to determine full useful life emissions for both the FTP (city) and HFET (highway) 

test cycles. The manufacturer may optionally determine separate deterioration factors for the 

FTP and HFET test cycles, in which case each FTP test performed on the durability data vehicle 

selected under §86.1822 of this part must also be accompanied by an HFET test. IOptionally, in 

lieu of determining emission-specific FTP and HFET deterioration factors for the specific 

hydrocarbons of CH3OH (methanol), HCHO (formaldehyde), C2H5OH (ethanol), and C2H4O 

(acetaldehyde) as may be required for some alternative fuel vehicles, manufacturers may use the 

additive or multiplicative deterioration factor determined for (or derived from, using good 

engineering judgment) NMOG or NMHC emissions according to the provisions of this section. 

(4) Air Conditioning leakage and efficiency or other emission credit requirements to comply with 

exhaust CO2 standards. Manufactures will attest to the durability of components and systems 

used to meet the CO2 standards. Manufacturers may submit engineering data to provide 

durability demonstration. Deterioration factors do not apply to emission-related components and 

systems used to generate air conditioning leakage and/or efficiency credits. 

* * * * * 

§ 86.1844-01 Information requirements: Application for certification and submittal of 

information upon request. 

* * * * * 

(d) Part 1 Application. Part 1 must contain the following items: * * * 

(15)(i) For HEVs and EVs, describe the recharging procedures and methods for determining 

battery performance, such as state of charge and charging capacity.

(ii) For vehicles with fuel-fired heaters, include the information specified in this paragraph 

(d)(15)(ii). Describe the control system logic of the fuel-fired heater, including an evaluation 

of the conditions under which it can be operated and an evaluation of the possible operational 

modes and conditions under which evaporative emissions can exist. Use good engineering 

judgment to establish an estimated exhaust emission rate from the fuel-fired heater in grams 

per mile. Describe the testing used to establish the exhaust emission rate.unless otherwise 

approved by the Administrator, the information required by the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2003 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles, and 

2001 and Subsequent Model Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty 

Truck and Medium-duty Vehicle Classes” must be supplied. These procedures are 

incorporated by reference (see §86.1).

* * * * * 

PART 600— FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF 

MOTOR VEHICLES 
1. The authority citation for part 600 continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. 109–58. 

§ 600.011 Incorporation by reference. 

* * * * * 

(c) * * * 

(3) SAE J1711, Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy 

of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, June 2010, IBR approved 

for §§ 600.114-12(c) and (f), 600.116–12(b), and 600.311-12(d), (j), and (k). 

* * * * * 

§ 600.114-12 Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission 

calculations. 

* * * * * 

(c) Fuel economy calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. Under the requirements of § 86.1811, 

Test hybrid electric vehicles as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). 

are subject to California test methods which require FTP For FTP testing, this generally involves 

emission sampling for the 75 °F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the UDDS (cold-start, 

transient, warm-start, transient); however. Optionally, these four phases may be combined into 

two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4). Calculations for these sampling methods follow. 

* * * * * 

(e) * * * 

(2) * * * 

(ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway carbon-related exhaust emissions according to the following 

formula: 

(Start CREE RunningCREE) HighwayCREE

0.905

+

=

Where: 

(( ) )

60

.0 005515 A .1 13637 StartFuel StartFC 33.0× + × 75 = ×

(( ) )

60

.0 005515 A .1 13637 StartCREE StartCREE 33.0× + × 75 = ×

( ) Start CREE 75 = 3.6 × Bag 1CREE 75 − Bag 3CREE 75

( ) 























+ × × × + 











= × +

US06 FE 

.0 1357 .0 377 .0 133 .0 00540 A

HFET FE 

21.0

US06 Highway FE

79.0

RunningFC .1 007

[( ) ( )]

[ .0 377 .0 133 ( ) ( ) ( ) .0 00540 A .0 1357 US06 CREE ]

Running CREE .1 007 79.0 US06 Highway CREE HFET CREE

× × × + ×

= × × + +

* * * * * 

(f) CO2 and carbon-related exhaust emissions calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. Test 

Hhybrid electric vehicles as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). 
shall be tested according to California test methods which require FTP For FTP testing, this 

generally involves emission sampling for the 75 °F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the 

UDDS (cold-start, transient, warm-start, transient); however. Optionally, these four phases may 

be combined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4). Calculations for these sampling 

methods follow. 

* * * * * 

§ 600.116-12 Special procedures related to electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric 

vehicles. 

* * * * * 

(b) * * * 

(4) * * * 

1

1 1

1 exp

j

k n

i

i j i

j i

d

UF C UF

ND −

= =

       

= −      ×  −         

−

    

∑ ∑

* * * * *