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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460

OFFICE OF 

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

MEMORANDUM

Date: July 16, 2009 

Ingredient: Fluopyram. Report of the Residues of Concern Knowledgebase Subcommittee 

(ROCKS). 

PC Code: 080302 DP Barcode: D367115

Decision No.: 393949 Registration No.: 264-RNTI; 432-RUIL; 

264-RNTT

Petition No.: 8F7358 Regulatory Action: Section 3 Registration

Risk Assessment Type: NA Case No.: NA

TXR No.: NA CAS No.: 658066-35-4

MRID No.: NA 40 CFR: 180.xxx

From: Edward Scollon, ROCKS Executive Secretary

Health Effects Division (HED) (7509P)

Through: Christine L. Olinger, ROCKS Co-Chair

Mary Ko Manibusan, ROCKS Co-Chair

HED (7509P)

To: Fluopyram Risk Assessment Team

Risk Assessment Branch III (RAB III)

HED (7509P)

The ROCKS met on June 4, 2009 to discuss the residues of concern for the fungicide fluopyram 

in food and drinking water. This was a joint meeting between the US EPA, EU (Germany), and 

PMRA (Canada). As such, the residues of concern for risk assessment and tolerance expression 

for each party are reviewed in this document. 

Team Members:

Leung Cheng, Myron Ottley, Sheila Healy, Steve Funk, Whang Phang, Paula Deschamp

ROCKS Members Attended:

Mary Manibusan, Christine Olinger, Rick Loranger, George Kramer, Edward Scollon, Ray Kent, 

Greg Orrick

EFED Attended:

Mohammed A. Ruhman, Mah Shamim
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PMRA Attended (via teleconference):

Isabelle Pilote, Michael Honeyman, Minoli Silva

EU Attended (via teleconference):

Thomas Kuhl, Bernd Stein, Steffen Matezki

Material Reviewed:

 Summary of toxicological data and residue chemistry

 Summary of EU residue field trials

 Environmental Degradates for Fluopyram, DP#365542, MA Ruhman, June 1, 2009

 DEREK for Windows evaluations for fluopyram, lactame, AE C656948-7-hydroxy, AE 

C656948-benzamide, AE C656948-E-olefine, and AE C656948-Z-olefine available upon 

request

Committee Recommendation:

Table 1. Summary of Metabolites and Degradates to be included in the Risk Assessment.*

Matrix Residues included in Risk 

Assessment

Residues included in 

Tolerance Expression

Plants

Primary Crops fluopyram (fluopyram + 

benzamide (M25) for legumes 

and oil seed crops)

fluopyram

Rotational Crops

Livestock

Ruminants

Fluopyram + benzamide (M25) 

+7-OH-fluopyram + olefins (E,Z) 

(M02, M03) Fluopyram + benzamide 

(M25)

Poultry Fluopyram + benzamide (M25) + 

olefins (E,Z) (M02, M03)

Drinking Water fluopyram Not Applicable

* Chemical names and abbreviations can be found in Table 1.

ROCKS Recommendation for Tolerance Expression Language

Section (a)(1) would be for plants; (a)(2) is for livestock

(a)(1) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide fluopyram, including its 

metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table. Compliance with the 

tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only fluopyram (N-[2-[3-

chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]ethyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide).

(a)(2) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the fungicide fluopyram, including its 

metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table. Compliance with the 

tolerance levels specified below is to be determined by measuring only the sum of fluopyram (N-

[2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]ethyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide) and its 

benzamide metabolite [2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide], calculated as the stoichiometric 

equivalent of fluopyram, in or on the commodity.
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Rationale:

Drinking Water Degradates (US only)

Environmental fate studies indicate that the parent fluopyram is stable under environmental 

conditions. Reported half-lives range from 89 days in field and aqueous photolysis studies to 

>1000 days in aerobic/anaerobic water/sediment systems. Fluopyram is mobile in soil and can 

therefore, be expected to occur in surface water runoff and/or in ground water leachate. 

Four metabolites were identified in aerobic soil metabolism studies: AE C656948-7-hydroxy,

AE C656948-benzamide, AE C656948-pyridyl carboxylic acid (PCA), and lactame. None of the 

metabolites exceeded 10% of applied nor were any of the metabolites considered more toxic than 

the parent.

AE C656948-7-hydroxy, AE C656948-benzamide, and AE C656948-PCA, were also tracked in 

field dissipation studies. AE C656948-7-hydroxy, though structurally similar to the parent, was 

only found at 1-3% of the fluopyram levels. AE C656948-PCA (1.2-18%) and AE C656948-

benzamide (0.2-16.2%) were more abundant but showed rapid declines. Lactame, a proposed 

metabolite of parent fluopyram, was present at low levels in the soil system (1.2%) and as a 

major metabolite in the aqueous photolysis study (13%). Lactame is structurally dissimilar from 

parent fluopyram but would only be expected to form at significant levels in clear, shallow 

water. Based upon the low abundance of the metabolites in the soil studies and their rapid 

dissipation in the field studies, minimal exposure is expected through drinking water. 

Furthermore, none of the metabolites are considered more toxic than the parent. Therefore, 

ROCKS concurs with the risk assessment team that the metabolites are not considered of 

concern. 

Residues of Concern for Monitoring (Enforcement) and Risk Assessment

Primary and Rotational Crops

The metabolism in plants is relatively limited. In plant metabolism studies, unchanged parent 

accounted for >90% of the residues in grapes, beans, and potatoes and 70% of the residue in red 

bell peppers. While several metabolites were quantified (most <1% TRR), only AE C656948-

benzamide exceeded 10% TRR in succulent and dry beans (52-64%).

Measureable quantities of parent and metabolites (AE C656948-pyridyl-acetic acid (PAA), 

AE C656948-pyridyl-carboxylic acid (PCA) and AE C656948-benzamide) were also found in 

succulent (at full maturity) and dry beans during European field trials. These metabolites were 

not measured in US field trials.

Of the major metabolites, AE C656948-benzamide, PAA and PCA result from hydrolysis of the 

ethylene bridge; AE C656948-benzamide is a phenyl cleavage product and PPA and PCA are 

pyridyl cleavage products. AE C656948-methyl-sulfoxide results from the substitution of the 

chlorine atom in PCA. None of the metabolites, or their conjugates, are expected to be more 

toxic than the parent fluopyram. Furthermore, inclusion of both phenyl and pyridyl metabolites 

as fluopyram equivalents for either risk assessment or tolerance expression, would overestimate 

total exposure to fluopyram. Parent fluopyram by itself is expected to an adequate measure of 

misuse in primary crops. In addition, parent fluopyram can be measured by some of the FDA 
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multiresidue methods (MRM) while the benzamide metabolite does not lend itself to MRM 

analysis. Therefore, ROCKS recommends fluopyram only for tolerance expression. For risk 

assessment, ROCKS recommends fluopyram only, except for legumes and oil seeds. For these 

commodities, ROCKS recommends fluopyram + AE C656948-benzamide due to the high levels 

of the latter in the bean metabolism studies. 

In confined rotational crop studies, parent fluopyram also accounted for the majority of residue. 

However, AE C656948-7-hydroxy (up to 39% TRR, plus its conjugate (up to 16% TRR)) was 

found in Swiss chard at all rotation intervals, and the methylsulfoxide metabolite was 

predominant in wheat grain at longer rotation intervals. The latter metabolite was detected up to 

0.10 ppm in field rotational wheat trials and the AE C656948-7-hydroxy compound was found 

only in wheat straw at 0.10 ppm level. AE C656948-Benzamide (up to 39% TRR) was also 

present in Swiss chard. Since the AE C656948-7-hydroxy and the benzamide were not 

significant residues in the field rotational studies, the ROCKS recommends that the residue of 

concern be parent only. Although the methyl sulfoxide was found in wheat grain at higher levels 

than parent in the EU rotational field studies, there will be target uses of fluopyram on grains in 

the US that will drive risks from those crops. 

International Harmonization

The EU and PMRA are in agreement with ROCKS’ recommended inclusion of fluopyram only 

for tolerance expression in primary and rotational crops. The US and PMRA are in agreement to 

include fluopyram only for risk assessment, except for legumes and oil seeds, which include 

parent fluopyram + AE C656948-benzamide. The EU recommends inclusion of fluopyram + AE 

C656948-benzamide + AE C656948-7-hydroxy + AE C656948-7-hydroxy conjugates, AE 

C656948-7-OH-GA and AE C656948-8-OH-GA, for risk assessment. AE C656948-7-OH-GA

and AE C656948-8-OH-GA are glucosylated conjugates of AE C656948-7-hydroxy. At this 

meeting, the EU explained that they tend to include all quantifiable residues in dietary risk 

assessment, as opposed to US policy of including only those compounds which pose potential 

risk greater to or equal the parent chemical. ROCKS determined these additional metabolites 

were not of concern. The additional metabolites are not expected to be more toxic than the 

parent compound. DEREK for Windows analysis of fluopyram, AE C656948-benzamide, AE 

C656948-7-hydroxy, and AE C656948 E- and Z-olefines did not indicate any alerts. However, 

the lack of alerts for fluopyram indicates that DEREK may be of limited use for this chemical. 

There are minimal toxicity concerns for the conjugates as these are likely to be more soluble in 

water, which would enhance in vivo clearance. The residue levels of these metabolites are low 

relative to the parent fluopyram.

Refer to Table 2 for a comparison of residues of concern between the US, PMRA, and the EU

recommended residues of concern.

Livestock Commodities

The metabolism in livestock is more extensive than was found in plant studies. The major 

residues identified at varying sampling intervals include parent, AE C656948-benzamide, 

AE C656948-7-hydroxy, and AE C656948 E- and Z-olefines. In the egg and poultry metabolism 

studies, AE C656948-benzamide (up to 99% TRR) accounted for the majority of residue in egg, 

muscle, fat, and liver. Parent fluopyram (18%) was found in eggs and AE C656948 -olefines

(14%) in the liver. Similarly in the goat, AE C656948-benzamide accounted for the majority of 
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residue (up to 99% TRR) in milk, muscle, fat, liver, and kidney. Fluopyram (46%), 

AE C656948-7-hydroxy (22%), and AE C656948 -olefines (33%) were found at lower levels in 

milk, muscle, and fat. The phenyl metabolite, AE C656948-benzamide, was a major metabolite 

in both plant and livestock metabolism studies. However, the pyridyl metabolites, AE C656948-

pyridyl-acetic acid (PAA) and AE C656948-pyridyl-carboxylic acid (PCA), were not present in 

the livestock studies. While the fate of the pyridyl portion of the molecule is unknown, ROCKS 

determined tolerance expression and risk assessment decisions could be made without fully

elucidating the livestock metabolic pathway. Calculating the benzamide residues in terms of 

parent equivalents would likely account for the unknown pyridyl metabolites. Feeding studies 

confirmed the rapid transformation of parent fluopyram; AE C656948-benzamide was the only 

major residue in edible poultry matrices while fluopyram, AE C656948-benzamide and 

AE C656948 -olefines were measured in the milk and meat of dairy cattle. In the cattle study, 

the levels of benzamide metabolite were significantly higher than the parent in many samples.

Therefore, ROCKS recommends fluopyram + AE C656948-benzamide for tolerance 

enforcement in ruminant and poultry commodities; fluopyram + AE C656948-benzamide + 

AE C656948-7-hydroxy fluopyram + AE C656948 E- and Z-olefines for risk assessments in 

ruminant commodities; and fluopyram + AE C656948-benzamide + AE C656948 E- and Zolefines for risk assessment in poultry.

EU/Canada

The US, EU, and Canada are in agreement on parent fluopyram + AE C656948-benzamide for 

purposes of tolerance enforcement in livestock. The US, EU, and Canada are also in agreement 

regarding which compounds to include for risk assessment of poultry commodities. However, 

consistent with their decisions for plants, the EU has proposed the inclusion of the conjugated 

metabolites, AE C656948-7-OH-GA and AE C656948-8-OH-GA, for risk assessments in 

ruminants.

Attachments: Chemical Names and Structures 

Attachment 1 – Plant and Livestock Metabolites and Degradates

Attachment 2 – Drinking Water Degradates
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Table 2. Summary of Metabolites and Degradates to be included in the Risk Assessment and Tolerance Expressions.

Matrix

US EU Canada

RA TOL RA TOL RA TOL

Plants Primary Crop Fluopyram

(Fluopyram + 

benzamide for 

legumes and oil seed 

crops)

Fluopyram Fluopyram + 

benzamide (M25) + 

7-OH-fluopyram 

(M08) + 7-OH-Glc 

(M11) + 7-OH-GlcMA(M12)

Fluopyram Fluopyram + 

(Fluopyram + 

benzamide for 

legumes and oil seed 

crops)

Fluopyram

Rotational Crop Fluopyram

(Fluopyram + 

benzamide for 

legumes and oil seed 

crops)

Fluopyram Fluopyram + 

benzamide (M25) + 

7-OH-fluopyram 

(M08) + 7-OH-Glc 

(M11) + 7-OH-GlcMA(M12)

Fluopyram Fluopyram

(Fluopyram + 

benzamide for 

legumes and oil seed 

crops)

Fluopyram

Livestock Ruminant Fluopyram + 

benzamide + 7-OHfluopyram + olefins 

(E, Z)

Fluopyram + 

benzamide

Fluopyram + 

benzamide + 7-OHfluopyram (M08)+ 

olefins (E, Z) + 7-

OH-CA(M09) + 7-

OH-GA (M20b)

Fluopyram + 

benzamide

Fluopyram + 

benzamide + 7-OHfluopyram + olefins 

(E, Z)

Fluopyram + 

benzamide

Poultry Fluopyram + 

benzamide + olefins 

(E, Z)

Fluopyram + 

benzamide

Fluopyram + 

benzamide + olefins 

(E, Z) 

Fluopyram + 

benzamide

Fluopyram + 

benzamide + olefins 

(E, Z)

Fluopyram + 

benzamide

Drinking Water Fluopyram Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable

l
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Attachment 1: Plant and Livestock Metabolites and Degradates

Common and/or Code Name Chemical Name Structure

fluopyram; AE C656948

N-[2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-

pyridinyl]ethyl]-2-

(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

AE C656948-N-oxide; M01

N-{2-[3-chloro-1-oxido-5-

(trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl]ethyl}-2-

(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

N

H

O

N

+

Cl CF3

CF3

O

AE C656948-E-olefine; BCSAA10627; M02

N-{(E)-2-[3-chloro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethenyl}-2-

(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

AE C656948-Z-olefine; BCSAA10650; M03

N-{(Z)-2-[3-chloro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethenyl}-2-

(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

N

H

O

N

Cl

CF3

CF3

AE C656948-phenol-glc; M06

N

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

OH

OH

HO

O

HO

O

AE C656948-phenol-GA; M07

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

O

HO OH

HO

O

HO

O

AE C656948-7-hydroxy; BCSAA10065; M08

N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl) 

benzamide OH

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

AE C656948-7-OH-GA; M09

1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-

benzoyl]amino}ethyl beta-Dglucopyranosiduronic acid

O OH

OH

OH

O

OH

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

O
Page 8 of 14

Common and/or Code Name Chemical Name Structure

AE C656948-7-OH-SA; M10

1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]-2-({[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-

carbonyl}amino)ethyl hydrogen sulfate

O

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

O S O

OH

AE C656948-7-hydroxy-glc; M11

N-[2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin2-yl]-2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)ethyl]-

2-(trifluoromethyl) benzamide

O OH

OH

OH

O

OH

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

AE C656948-7-hydroxy-glc-MA; M12

1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]-2-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-

benzoyl]amino}ethyl 6-O-

(carboxyacetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside

O

OH

OH

OH

O

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

O

O

HO

O

AE C656948-8-hydroxy; M18

N-{2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin2-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl}-2-(trifluoromethyl) 

benzamide

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3 OH

AE C656948-8-hydroxy-glc-MA; M19

1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]-1-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-

benzoyl]amino}ethyl 6-O-

(carboxyacetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside

O

HO

HO

OH

O

O

O

OH

O

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

AE C656948-8-OH-GA; M20

2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]-1-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-

benzoyl]amino}ethyl beta-Dglucopyranosiduronic acid

HO

HO

OH

O

OH

O

O

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

AE C656948-di-OH-GA; M21 OH

OH

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

OH

OH

OH

O

OH

O

O

- H2O

AE C656948-hydroxy-glyc-gluc; M22

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

glyc = glycoside

gluc = glucuronic acid

glyc - gluc
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Common and/or Code Name Chemical Name Structure

AE C656948-benzamide; AE F148815; 

BCS-AA10014; M25 2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamide NH2

CF3 O

AE C656948-benzamide-SA ; M31

NH2

CF3 O

O

S

O

HO O

AE C656948-benzoic acid; M33 2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzoic acid OH

CF3 O

AE C656948-hydroxyethyl-glc; M35 2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside

OH

OH

HO

O

HO

O N

Cl CF3

AE C656948-hydroxyethyl-di-glc; M36 2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]ethyl 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-betaD-glucopyranoside

O

OH

HO

HO

O

OH

O

HO OH

HO

O

N

Cl CF3

AE C656948-hydroxyethyl-GA; M37 2-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]ethyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid

O

OH

HO

HO

O

HO

N

Cl

O

CF3

AE C656948-pyridyl-acetic acid 

(PAA); M40 [3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl]acetic acid

N

Cl CF3

HO

O

AE C656948-PAA-glycoside; M42

N

Cl CF3

O

O

glyc
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Common and/or Code Name Chemical Name Structure

AE C656948-pyridyl-carboxylic acid 

(PCA); M43

3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-

carboxylic acid HO

N

Cl CF3

O

AE C656948-methyl-sulfoxide; M45

3-(methylsulfinyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl) 

pyridine-2-carboxylic acid

CF3

N

S

O

HO

O

H3C

AE C656948-enol-GA; M04 O OH

OH

OH

O

OH

O

N

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

AE C656948-7-OH-phenol; M13 N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

OH

HO

AE C656948-7-OH-phenol-GA; M14

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

OH

O

HO OH

HO

O

HO

O

AE C656948-7-OH-phenol-SA; M15 N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

OH

O

S

O

HO O

AE C656948-7-OH-methyl-sulfone; 

M16 OH

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

SO2

CH3

AE C656948-7-OH-hydroxy-phenolSA; M17

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

OH

O

S

O

HO O

HO

AE C656948-methoxy-di-OH-GA; 

M23 N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

CH3O

HO

glucuronic acid

AE C656948-benzoyl-serine; M24

N-acetyl-O-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-

serine O

O

N

H

H3C

CF3

HO

O

O
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Common and/or Code Name Chemical Name Structure

AE C656948-hydroxy-benzamide; M26 NH2

CF3 O

HO

AE C656948-benzamide-OH-GA; M27

NH2

CF3 O

HO OH

HO

O

HO

O

O

AE C656948-benzamide-cysteine ; 

M28

CF3 O

NH2

S

N

H

CH3

HO

O

O

AE C656948-BA-methyl-sulfoxide; 

M29

NH2

CF3 O

O S

CH3

AE C656948-BA-methyl-sulfone; M30

NH2

CF3 O

O S O

CH3

AE C656948-benzamide-N,O-GA; 

M32

1-O-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)-

benzoyl]amino}-beta-D-glucopyranuronic 

acid

O

OH

OH

OH

O

OH

N

H

O

CF3 O

AE C656948-ethyl-diol; M38

1-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl] ethane-1,2-diol

HO N

Cl CF3

OH

AE C656948-ethyl-diol-GA; M39

HO N

Cl CF3

OH

OH

OH

OH

O

OH

O

O

- H2O
Page 12 of 14

Common and/or Code Name Chemical Name Structure

AE C656948-hydroxy-PAA; M41

[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-

yl](hydroxy)acetic acid

HO

O

OH

N

Cl CF3

AE C656948-pyridyl-methyl-cystein; 

M44

N-acetyl-S-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl) 

pyridin-2-yl]methyl}cysteine

N

H

H3C

O OH

O

N

CF Cl 3

S
Page 13 of 14

 Attachment 2: Fluopyram and Its Major Environmental Degradates.

Code Name/ 

Synonym Chemical Name Chemical Structure

PARENT

fluopyram; AE C656948 CAS: N-[2-[3-chloro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)-2-

pyridinyl]ethyl]-2-

(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

CAS-no:

Formula: C17H17ClF4N4O5S

MW: 500.86 g/mol

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

METABOLITES

AE C656948-7-hydroxy; 

BCS-AA10065; M08

N-{2-[3-chloro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-

2-hydroxyethyl}-2-

(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Formula: C16H11ClF6N2O2

MW: 412.72 g/mol OH

N

H

O

N

Cl CF3

CF3

Lactame 2,9-bis(trifluromethyl)-6,7-

dihydropyridol[2,3-e][2]benzazocin-8(5H)-one

Formula: C16H10F6N2O

MW: 360.26 g/mol

N

CF3

HN

O

F3C
Page 14 of 14

AE C656948-benzamide; 

AE F148815; BCSAA10014; M25

2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide

Formula: C8H6F3NO

MW: 189.14 g/mol

NH2

CF3 O

AE C656948-pyridylcarboxylic acid (PCA); 

M43

3-chloro-5-

(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-

carboxylic acid

Formula: C7H3ClF3NO2

MW: 225.26 g/mol

HO

N

Cl CF3

O

AE C656948-methylsulfoxide; M45

3-(methylsulfinyl)-5-

(trifluoromethyl) pyridine-2-

carboxylic acid

Formula: C8H6F3NO3S

MW: 253.20 g/mol

CF3

N

S

O

HO

O

H3C