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Date: 7/23/2015 Time: DISTRIBUTION:

Project No.: 0317.02.029.032 Project Name: Steam Electric

Company: PS Analytical Contact: Yasmin Vaeli

Phone No.: 954-429-1577

ERG Contact: Mary Willett

GENERAL SUBJECT: Selenium Analyzers

TOPICS DISCUSSED AND ACTION TAKEN

Selenium Analyzer Products:

PS Analytical has both an online model (10.255) and a laboratory unit (10.055). These models can be fitted with 

a speciation module if desired. The speciation module uses HPLC with post column oxidation coupled to 

hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFS). The speciation module will report 

results for the selenite (+IV) and the selenate (+VI) oxidation states. See file: 147 Selenium Speciation using 

Millennium Excalibur.pdf.

Testing with FGD Wastewater:

The vendor has conducted trials of the online unit with Southern Company on FGD wastewater at one plant. 

The analyzer was installed at the plant (at 10 locations) and a three month trial was conducted.

The laboratory system has also been tested at a refinery for analysis of arsenic and selenium as part of 

wastewater treatment.

They have also run selenium results for some European power plant samples and have been approached by an 

Ohio group. For results from the European power plant samples, see file: 142 Online Determination of 

Selenium in FGD Wastewater.pdf.

Basis of the Technology:

The unit has online UV oxidation hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The sample goes 

through pre-reduction using KBr/HCl, followed by sodium borhydrate (NaBH4) addition and separation of the 

gas from liquid. This is followed by a small hydrogen flame to complete the analysis. The unit is an online

monitor and automatically pulls a small sample size of volume for each analysis run.

Comparison of the analyzer to ICP-MS:

The online analyzer can measure from 20 ppt to low ppm concentration levels. The vender supplied two pdf 

files that show comparison of the analyzer results to ICP-MS lab results. See files:

129 Determination of Total Selenium in FGD Wastewater by Online UV-Hg-Afs.pdf

142 Online Determination of Selenium in FGD Wastewater.pdf 
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The vendor indicated that the analyzer is not impacted by TDS or chlorides.

Cost and Training Information:

For the online analyzer the system costs are:

Capital Costs: $70,000

Annual Costs: about $10,000/yr

(may be lower depending on whether the facility purchases ready-made reagents or mixes some of their own)

$12,800 (follow up estimate using purchased chemicals based on an email from 7/28/2015 File: O2si Yearly 

Chemical Cost for 10.255.docx)

Training costs: $10,000 plus travel (for vendor to be on-site for one week to set up the system, train the 

operator(s), and work through some samples as part of the training.)

For the laboratory analyzer, the system costs are:

Capital Costs: $28,000

Annual Costs: (to be provided as follow-up)

Training is just a day to set up the unit and go over the software and hardware and do some practice samples 

with the operators. (Will do 2 days of training if needed for shift workers).

Residuals from Analysis:

The system uses three different reagents: DI water, KBr/HCL, and sodium borhydrate. The waste stream 

generated in the testing trials was sent in a loop to the start of the treatment process. The vendor did not think 

that it would be a RCRA hazardous waste but it would be acidic and would need to be disposed of as a lab-type 

waste if it could not be recycled back into the treatment train.