Exhibit D Pinnacl X Pilot and Visual Observer Operating Procedure

Fixed Wing Operating Procedure

The observer and pilot work together to identify the route of flight. Prior to the flight the observer and 

pilot will walk the designated takeoff and landing area area and identify the flight path and alternate 

flight paths around obstacles. The pilot and visual observer must inspect the takeoff and landing area 

and remove all debris. Also the team will identify possible forced landing areas in case they encounter a 

problem or emergency. The pilot and an observer will discuss and agree on the approach to a holding 

position at a safe distance away from the inspection flight and or test flight areas. Once the flight path 

has been identified and agreed on, the pilot will fly the aircraft to the holding position near the 

designated inspection or test flight location. Next the observer will check the payload and telemetry 

status. The observer will use the real time video to provide guidance to the pilot along with line-of-site. 

The observer can use first person view, FPV, goggles or video screen. Also the observer should position 

themselves in a different location to see the aircraft from a different angle. The observer should move 

with the aircraft to provide the best vantage point. The pilot should move only when the aircraft is in 

GPS position hold at the holding positon and remain at the same location when the aircraft is within 

close proximity of the inspection or test positions. The pilot and observer must maintain the 

communication requirements for fixed wing aircraft flight as outlined in Table 1. In the event of a failure

of one of the communications requirement, the pilot will reposition the aircraft to a safe location and 

request that the communication requirements be reestablished. If that is not possible then the pilot will 

land the aircraft and reestablish the communications. 

Table 1, Communication Requirements for Fixed Wing Aircraft Flight 

1) 10 meter position between pilot and observer. Observer should change positions during the flight for 

the best vantage point. The pilot should only move when the aircraft is at a holding point, not when the 

aircraft is in close proximity of a structure or lines.

2) Pilot and observer must be able to see each other.

3) Pilot and observer must be able to hear each other in a normal tone.

4) Pilot and observer must be in line-of-sight of the fixed wing aircraft.

Loss of Communication between Pilot and Observer: 

The pilot and observer will be standing two meters from each other and within visual and vocal range. 

Both the pilot and observer will be in visual line of sight of the aircraft, table 1. If any of the four 

communication requirements listed in Table 1 are violated the fixed wing aircraft will be landed and the 

condition will reestablished before flight. 

Loss of Communication Between Controller and Aircraft 

If the communication link between the transmitter and receiver is lost the fixed wing aircraft will auto 

land by holding its current position and throttle reduction. The communication link strength is 

monitored continuously and the transmitter will beep if there is a signal strength reduction. If there is a 

significant reduction in signal strength the pilot will immediately fly the aircraft to a close position and or 

land the aircraft as necessary. 

Additional Safety Features 

The video on screen display, OSD, displays the following data, battery voltage of the aircraft, signal 

strength between the controller and aircraft, aircraft position and GPS satellite signal strength. Or the 

pilot’s transmitter will display the telemetry. The pilot also can set a timer on the transmitter. The 

controller will also provide an alarm when the battery level is critical or if the aircraft signal strength is 

reduced.