UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

WASHINGTON D.C., 20460

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PC Code: 080803

DP Barcode: 394938

Date: October 13, 2011

MEMORANDUM

SUBJECT:

TO:

FROM:

REVIEWED

BY:

APPROVED

BY:

Environmental Fate and Effects Division Review of Open Literature Microcosm

and Mesocosm Studies for Analysis of Atrazine Risks to Aquatic Plant

Communities

Melanie Biscoe, Chemical Review Manager

Risk Management and Implementation Branch IV

Pesticide Re-evaluation Division (7508P)

Frank T. Farruggia, PhD., Biologist G6>~/~,/;( Environmental Risk Branch III

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)_~\ i\ .,-- (

Rosanna Louie-Juzwiak, RAPL !:J P .c.. if? /,,- Environmental Risk Branch III \1 ) ,i "

Environmental Fate and Effects Div . n (7507P) ) ,-

Dana Spatz, Branch ('h,i"'r-....

Environmental Risk B~~ra·:n~c~,~~~~~~~~:$~::--

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

This memo transmits copies ofthe Data Evaluation Records (DERs) developed for the open

literature studies referred to in our documents titled "Bibliography ofMicrocosm and Mesocosm

Studies and Criteria Used to Screen Studies for Analysis of Atrazine Risks to Aquatic Plant

Communities," dated August 25,2011. Study classifications from that document are also

provided here for your convenience.

Please find the attached data evaluation records (DER) for the following studies evaluating the

ecological effects of Atrazine:
SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATION (Studies Used for Cosm Endpoint Selection):

1. Berard, A., T. Pelte, et al. (1999a). Seasonal variations in the sensitivity of Lake Geneva

phytoplankton community structure to atrazine. Archiv Fur Hydrobiologie 145(3): 277-

295. (MRID 48261103)

2. Berard, A., C. Leboulanger, et al. (1999b). Tolerance of Oscillatoria limnetica

Lemmermann to atrazine in natural phytoplankton populations and in pure culture:

Influence of season and temperature. Archives of Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology 37(4): 472-479. (MRID 47543601)

3. Berard, A. and C. Benninghoff (2001). Pollution-induced community tolerance (PICT)

and seasonal variations in the sensitivity of phytoplankton to atrazine in nanocosms.

Chemosphere 45(4-5): 427-437. (MRID 48261101)

4. Boone, M. D. and S. M. James (2003). Interactions of an insecticide, herbicide, and

natural stressors in amphibian community mesocosms. Ecological Applications 13(3):

829-841. (MRID 48261104)

5. Brockway, D.L., P.D. Smith, and F.E. Stancil. (1984). Fate and effects of atrazine on

small aquatic microcosms. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 32:345-353. (MRID

47543602)

6. Carney, C.E. (1983). The effects ofatrazine and grass carp on freshwater communities.

Thesis. University ofKansas, Lawrence, Kansas (MRID 47543604)

7. deNoyelles, F. Jr., and W.D. Kettle. (1980). Herbicides in Kansas waters - evaluations of

effects of agricultural runoff and aquatic weed control on aquatic food chains.

Contribution Number 219, Kansas Water Resources Research Institute, University of

Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas (MRID 47543605)

8. deNoyelles, F., Jr., W.D. Kettle, and D.E. Sinn. (1982). The responses of plankton

communities in experimental ponds to atrazine, the most heavily used pesticide in the

United States. Ecology. 63 (5):1285-1293 (MRID 47543607)

9. deNoyelles, F. Jr., and W.D. Kettle. (1983). Site studies to determine the extent and

potential impact of herbicide contamination in Kansas waters. Contribution Number 239,

Kansas Water Resources Research Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.

(MRID 47543606)

2
10. deNovelles, Jr., F., W.D. Kettle, C.H. Fromm, M.F. Moffett, and S.L. Dewey. (1989).

Use of Experimental Ponds to Assess the Effects of a Pesticide on the Aquatic

Environment. Department of Systematics and Ecology, University of Kansas.

Entomological Society of America. Miscellaneous Publications No. 75: 41 - 56 (MRID

47543608)

11. deNoyelles, F., S.L. Dewey, D.G. Huggins, and W.D. Kettle. (1994). Aquatic mesocosms

in ecological effects testing: detecting direct and indirect effects of pesticides. In:

Graney RL, Kennedy J.H., Rodgers J.H. Jr. (Eds.). Aquatic mescocosm studies in

ecological risk assessment. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. pp. 577-603 (MRID

47543609)

12. Detenbeck, N.E., R. Hermanutz, K. Allen, and M.e. Swift. (1996). Fate and effects of

the herbicide atrazine in flow-through wetland mesocosms. Environ. Toxicol. Chern.

15:937-946 (MRID 47543610)

13. Dewey, S.L. (1986). Effects ofthe herbicide atrazine on aquatic insect community

structure and emergence. Ecology. 67: 148-162 (MRID 47543611)

14. Diana, S. G., W. J. Resetarits, et al. (2000). Effects of atrazine on amphibian growth and

survival in artificial aquatic communities. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

19(12): 2961-2967. (MRID 48261107)

15. Downing, H. F., M. E. Delorenzo, et al. (2004). Effects ofthe agricultural pesticides

atrazine, chlorothalonil, and endosulfan on South Florida microbial assemblages.

Ecotoxicology 13(3): 245-260. (MRID 48261110)

16. Gruessner, B. and M.e. Watzin. (1996). Response of aquatic communities from a

Vermont stream to environmentally realistic atrazine exposure in laboratory microcosms.

Environ. Toxicol. Chern. 15:410-419 (MRID 47543613)

17. Gustavson, K and S. Wangberg. (1995). Tolerance induction and succession in

microalgae communities exposed to copper and atrazine. Aquat. Toxicol. 32:283-302

(MRID 47543614)

18. Hamala, J.A. and H.P. Kollig. (1985). The effects of atrazine on periphyton communities

in controlled laboratory ecosystems. Chemosphere. 14: 1391-1408 (MRID 47543615)

19. Hamilton, P.B., G.S. Jackson, N.K Kaushik, and KR. Solomon. (1987). The impact of

atrazine on lake periphyton communities including carbon uptake dynamics using track

autoradiography. Environ. Poll. 46:83-103 (MRID 47543616)

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20. Hamilton, P.B., G.S. Jackson, N.K. Kaushik, KR. Solomon, and G.L. Stephenson.

(1988). The impact oftwo applications of atrazine on the plankton communities ofin situ

enclosures. Aquat. Toxicol. 13: 123-140 (MRID 47543617)

21. Hamilton, P.B., D.R.S. Lean, G.S. Jackson, N.K. Kaushik, and K.R. Solomon. (1989).

The effect oftwo applications of atrazine on the water quality offreshwater enclosures.

Environ. Pollut. 60:291-304 (MRID 47543501)

22. Herman, D., N.K. Kaushik, and KR. Solomon. (1986). Impact of atrazine on periphyton

in freshwater enclosures and some ecological consequences. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

43: 1917-1925 (MRID 47543502)

23. Johnson, B.T. (1986). Potential impact ofselected agricultural chemical contaminants on

a northern prairie wetland: A microcosm evaluation. Environ. Toxicol. Chern. 5:473-

485. (MRID 47543503)

24. Jurgensen, T.A. and KD. Hoagland. (1990). Effects ofshort-term pulses of atrazine on

attached algal communities in a small stream. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19:617-

623. (MRID 47543504)

25. Kettle, W.D. (1982). Description and analysis oftoxicant-induced responses of aquatic

communities in replicated experimental ponds. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Kansas,

Lawrence, KS. (MRID 48273504)

26. Kettle, W.D., F. deNoyelles, B.D. Heacock, and A.M. Kadoum. (1987). Diet and

reproductive success of bluegill recovered from experimental ponds treated with atrazine.

Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38:47-52 (MRID 47543506)

27. Knauert, S., B. Escher, et al. (2008). Mixture toxicity ofthree photosystem II inhibitors

(atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron) toward photosynthesis of freshwater phytoplankton

studied in outdoor mesocosms. Environmental Science & Technology 42(17): 6424-

6430. (MRID 48261119)

28. Knauert, S., U. Dawo, et al. (2009). Effects of Photosystem II Inhibitors and Their

Mixture on Freshwater Phytoplankton Succession in Outdoor Mesocosms. Environmental

Toxicology and Chemistry 28(4): 836-845. (MRID 48261120)

29. Kosinski, RJ. (1984). The effects ofterrestrial herbicides on the community structure of

stream periphyton. Environ. Pollut. (Series A). 36: 165-189. (MRID 47543507)

4
30. Kosinki, RJ., and M.G. Merkle. (1984). The effect of four terrestrial herbicides on the

productivity of artificial stream algal communities. J. Environ. Qual. 13 :75-82. (MRID

47543508)

31. Krieger, K.A., D.B. Baker, and J.W. Kramer. (1988). Effects of herbicides on stream

Aufivuchs productivity and nutrient uptake. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17:299-

306. (MRID 47543509)

32. Lampert, W., W. Fleckner, E. Pott, U. Schober, and K.U. Starkel. (1989). Herbicide

effects on planktonic systems of different complexity. Hydrobiologia. 188/189:415-424.

(MRID 47543511)

33. Leboulanger, C., F. Rimet, et al. (2001). Effects of atrazine and nicosulfuron on

freshwater microalgae. Environment International 26(3): 131-135. (MRID 48261121)

34. Lynch, T.R., H.E. Johnson, and WJ. Adams. (1985). Impact of atrazine and

hexachlorobiphenyl on the structure and function ofmodel stream ecosystems. Environ.

Toxicol. Chern. 4:399-413. (MRID 47543512)

35. McGregor, E. B., K. R. Solomon, et al. (2008). Effects of planting system design on the

toxicological sensitivity ofMyriophyllum spicatum and Elodea canadensis to atrazine.

Chemosphere 73(3): 249-260. (MRID 48261124)

36. Moorhead, D.L. and RJ. Kosinski. (1986). Effect of atrazine on the productivity of

artificial stream algal communities. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 37:330-336.

(MRID 47543513)

37. Pratt, J.R, N.J. Bowers, B.R Niederlehrer, and J. Cairns, Jr. (1988). Effects of atrazine

on freshwater microbial communities. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17:449-457.

(MRID 47543514)

38. Relyea, R. A. (2009). A cocktail of contaminants: how mixtures of pesticides at low

concentrations affect aquatic communities. Oecologia 159(2): 363-376. (MRID

48261129)

39. Rohr, 1. R. and P. W. Crumrine (2005). Effects of an herbicide and an insecticide on pond

community structure and processes. Ecological Applications 15(4): 1135-1147. (MRID

48261130)

40. Rohr, J. R, A. M. Schotthoefer, et al. (2008). Agrochemica1s increase trematode

infections in a declining amphibian species. Nature 455(7217): 1235-1239. (MRID

48261131)

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41. Seguin, F., J. C. Druart, et al. (2001 a). Effects of atrazine and nicosulfuron on periphytic

diatom communities in freshwater outdoor lentic mesocosms. Annales De LimnologieInternational Journal of Limnology 37(1): 3-8. (MRID 48273501)

42. Seguin, F., C. Leboulanger, et al. (2001 b). Effects of atrazine and nicosulfuron on

phytoplankton in systems of increasing complexity. Archives of Environmental

Contamination and Toxicology 40(2): 198-208. (MRID 48261134)

43. Seguin, F., F. Le Bihan, et al. (2002). A risk assessment of pollution: induction of

atrazine tolerance in phytoplankton communities in freshwater outdoor mesocosms, using

chlorophyll fluorescence as an endpoint. Water Research 36(13): 3227-3236. (MRID

48261133)

44. Stay, F.S., Larsen, D.P., Katko, A, and Rohm, C.M., (1985) Effects of Atrazine on

Community Level Responses in Taub Microcosms. Validation and Predictability of

Laboratory Methods for Assessing the Fate and Effects ofContaminants in Aquatic

.E;cosystems, ATSM STP 865, T.P. Boyle, Ed., American Society for Testing and

Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 75-90 (MRID 45087419)

45. Stay, E.F., A. Katko, C.M. Rohm, M.A Fix, and D.P. Larsen. (1989). The effects of

atrazine on microcosms developed from four natural plankton communities. Arch.

Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18:866-875. (MRID 47543515)

46. Van den Brink, P.J., E. van Donk, R. Gylstra, S.J.H. Crum, and T.C.M. Brock. (1995).

Effects of chronic low concentrations ofthe pesticides chlorpyrifos and atrazine in indoor

freshwater microcosms. Chemosphere. 31 :3181-3200. (MRID 47543516)

INVALID CLASSIFICATION (Studies Not Used for Cosm Endpoint Selection):

47. Berard, A., T. Pelte, et al. (1998). Characterization of phytoplankton from two limnic

systems contaminated by a herbicidal photosynthetic inhibitor. The PICT method

(Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance): application and significance. Annales De

Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology 34(3): 269-282. (MRID 48273502)

48. Berard, A, U. Dorigo, et al. (2003). Comparison ofthe ecotoxicological impact ofthe

triazines Irgarol 1051 and atrazine on microalgal cultures and natural microalgal

communities in Lake Geneva. Chemosphere 53(8): 935-944. (MRID 48261102)

49. Bouldin, J. L., J. L. Farris, et al. (2005). Evaluated fate and effects of atrazine and

lambda-cyhalothrin in vegetated and unvegetated microcosms. Environmental

Toxicology 20(5): 487-498. (MRID 48261105)

6
50. Carder, J.P. and K.D. Hoagland. (1998). Combined effects ofalachlor and atrazine on

benthic algal communities in artificial streams. Environ. Toxicol. Chern. 17(7): 1415-

1420. (MRID 47543603)

51. Fairchild, J.F., T.W. LaPoint, and T.R. Schwarz. (1994). Effects of a herbicide and

insecticide mixture in aquatic mesocosms. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 27:527-533

(MRID 47543612)

52. Juttner, 1., A. Peither, J.P. Lay, AI. Ketrup, and SJ. Ormerod. (1995). An outdoor

mescosm study to assess ecotoxicological effects of atrazine on a natural plankton

community. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 29:435-441. (MRID 47543505)

53. Lakshminarayana, J.S.S., HJ. O'Neill, S.D. Jonnavithula, D.A. Legerand, P.H. Milburn.

(1992). Impact of atrazine-bearing agricultural tile drainage discharge on planktonic drift

ofanatural stream. Environ. Pollut. 76:201-210. (MRID 47543510)

54. DeLorenzo, M. E., J. Lauth, et aI. (1999). Atrazine effects on the microbial food web in

tidal creek mesocosms. Aquatic Toxicology 46(3-4): 241-251. (MRID 48261106)

55. Dorigo, D. and C. Leboulanger (2001). A pulse-amplitude modulated fluorescence-based

method for assessing the effects of photosystem II herbicides on freshwater periphyton.

Journal of Applied Phycology 13(6): 509-515. (MRID 48261108)

56. Dorigo, D., X. Bourrain, et al. (2004). Seasonal changes in the sensitivity ofriver

microalgae to atrazine and isoproturon along a contamination gradient. Science ofthe

Total Environment 318(1-3): 101-114. (MRID 48261109)

57. Graymore, M., F. Stagnitti, et aI. (2001). Impacts ofatrazine in aquatic ecosystems.

Environment International 26(7-8): 483-495. (MRID 48261111)

58. Guasch, H., 1. Munoz, et al. (1997). Changes in atrazine toxicity throughout succession of

stream periphyton communities. Journal of Applied Phycology 9(2): 137-146. (MRID

48261115)

59. Guasch, H., N. Ivorra, et aI. (1998). Community composition and sensitivity of

periphyton to atrazine in flowing waters: the role of environmental factors. Journal of

Applied Phycology 10(2): 203-213. (MRID 48261113)

60. Guasch, H. and S. Sabater (1998). Light history influences the sensitivity to atrazine in

periphytic algae. Journal ofPhycology 34(2): 233-241. (MRID 48261116)

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61. Guasch, H., W. Admiraal, et al. (2003). Contrasting effects of organic and inorganic

toxicants on freshwater periphyton. Aquatic Toxicology 64(2): 165-175. (MRID

48261112)

62. Guasch, H., V. Lehmann, et al. (2007). Influence of phosphate on the response of

periphyton to atrazine exposure. Archives of Environmental Contamination and

Toxicology 52(1): 32-37. (MRID 48261114)

63. Gustavson, K, F. Mohlenberg, et al. (2003). Effects of exposure duration of herbicides

on natural stream periphyton communities and recovery. Archives of Environmental

Contamination and Toxicology 45(1): 48-58. (MRID 48261117)

64. Hoagland, K D., R. W. Drenner, et al. (1993). Fresh-Water Community Responses to

Mixtures of Agricultural Pesticides - Effects ofAtrazine and Bifenthrin. Environmental

Toxicology and Chemistry 12(4): 627-637. (MRID 48261118)

65. Lytle, J. S. and T. F. Lytle (2002). Uptake and loss of chlorpyrifos and atrazine by Juncus

effusus L. in a mesocosm study with a mixture of pesticides. Environmental Toxicology

and Chemistry 21(9): 1817-1825. (MRID48261122)

66. Lytle, T. F. and J. S. Lytle (2005). Growth inhibition as indicator ofstress because of

atrazine following multiple toxicant exposure ofthe freshwater macrophyte, Juncus

effusus L. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24(5): 1198-1203. (MRID

48261123)

67. Munoz, I., M. Real, et al. (2001). Effects of atrazine on periphyton under grazing

pressure. Aquatic Toxicology 55(3-4): 239-249. (MRID 48261125)

68. Navarro, E., H. Guasch, et al. (2002). Use ofmicrobenthic algal communities in

ecotoxicological tests for the assessment ofwater quality: the Ter river case study.

Journal of Applied Phycology 14(1): 41-48. (MRID 48261126)

69. Nelson, K J., K. D. Hoagland, et al. (1999). Chronic effects ofatrazine on tolerance ofa

benthic diatom. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18(5): 1038-1045. (MRID

48261127)

70. Nystrom, B., M. Paulsson, et al. (2000). Evaluation ofthe capacity for development of

atrazine tolerance in periphyton from a Swedish freshwater site as determined by

inhibition of photosynthesis and sulfolipid synthesis. Environmental Toxicology and

Chemistry 19(5): 1324-1331. (MRID 48261128)

71. Rimet, F., M. H. De Lacotte, et al. (1999). Atrazine and Nicosulfuron effects on

phytoplanktonic communities of Lake of Geneva. Archives Des Sciences 52(2): 111-122.

(MRID 48273503)

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72. Schmitt-Jansen, M. and R. Altenburger (2005). Predicting and observing responses of

algal communities to photosystem II-herbicide exposure using pollution-induced

community tolerance and species-sensitivity distributions. Environmental Toxicology and

Chemistry 24(2): 304-312. (MRID 48261132)

73. Van den Brink, P. 1., S. J. H. Crum, et al. (2009). Effects of a herbicide-insecticide

mixture in freshwater microcosms: Risk assessment and ecological effect chain.

Environmental Pollution 157(1): 237-249. (MRID 48261135)

All ofthese open literature studies were classified by EPA as supplemental or invalid. The

supplemental studies deviated from the guideline requirements for a variety ofreasons so they

may not be used for RQ calculations (see Bibliography Document, 2011); however, the studies

are scientifically valid, and, thus all can be used for risk characterization purposes. If you have

any questions regarding these data evaluation records, please do not hesitate to contact us.

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