# Patent

## Title
High-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy

## Abstract

A high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy selection is proposed, consisting of 35.0≦Co≦55.0% by weight, 0.75≦V≦2.5% by weight, O≦Ta+2×Nb≦0.8% by weight, 0.3<Zr≦1.5% by weight, remainder Fe and melting-related and/or incidental impurities. This zirconium-containing alloy selection has excellent mechanical properties, in particular a very high yield strength, high inductances and particularly low coercive forces. It is eminently suitable for use as a material for magnetic bearings used in the aircraft industry.

## Background
PRIORITY
This application claims foreign priority to German application number DE10320350.8 filed May 7, 2003.
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy which can be used in particular for electrical generators, motors and magnetic bearings in aircraft. Electric generators, motors and magnetic bearings in aircraft, in addition to a small overall size, must also have the minimum possible weight. Therefore, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys which have a high saturation induction are used for these applications.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The binary iron-cobalt alloys with a cobalt content of between 33 and 55% by weight are extraordinarily brittle, which is attributable to the formation of an ordered superstructure at temperatures below 730° C. The addition of approximately 2% by weight of vanadium impedes the transition to this superstructure, so that relatively good cold workability can be achieved after quenching to room temperature from temperatures of over 730° C.
Accordingly, a known ternary base alloy is an iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy which contains 49% by weight of iron, 49% by weight of cobalt and 2% by weight of vanadium. This alloy has long been known and is described extensively, for example, in “R. M. Bozorth, Ferromagnetism, van Nostrand, New York (1951)”. This vanadium-containing iron-cobalt alloy is distinguished by its very high saturation induction of approx. 2.4 T.
A further development of this ternary vanadium-containing cobalt-iron base alloy is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,072, which describes, during the production of alloy strips, quenching of the hot-rolled alloy strip from a temperature above the phase transition temperature of 730° C. This process is required in order to make the alloy sufficiently ductile for the subsequent cold rolling. The quenching suppresses the ordering. In manufacturing terms, however, the quenching is highly critical, since what are known as the cold-rolling passes can very easily cause fractures in the strips. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made to increase the ductility of the alloy strips and thereby to increase manufacturing reliability.
Therefore, U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,072 proposes, as ductility-increasing additives, the addition of 0.02 to 0.5% by weight of niobium and/or 0.07 to 0.3% by weight of zirconium.
Niobium, which incidentally may also be replaced by the homologous element tantalum, in the iron-cobalt alloying system, not only has the property of greatly reducing the degree of order, as has been described, for example, by R. V. Major and C. M. Orrock in “High saturation ternary cobalt-iron based alloys”, IEEE Trans. Magn. 24 (1988), 1856-1858, but also inhibits grain growth.
The addition of zirconium in the quantity of at most 0.3% by weight proposed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,072 likewise inhibits grain growth. Both mechanisms significantly improve the ductility of the alloy after quenching.
In addition to this high-strength niobium- and zirconium-containing iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy which is known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,072, zirconium-free alloys are also known, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,747.
That document proposes iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys which are used in fast aircraft generators and magnetic bearings. U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,747 is based on the teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 3,364,072 and restricts the niobium content disclosed therein to 0.15-0.5% by weight. Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,747 recommends a special magnetic final anneal, in which the alloy can be heat-treated for no more than approximately four hours, preferably no more than two hours, at a temperature of no greater than 740° C., in order to produce an object which has a yield strength of at least approximately 620 MPa. This is very limiting and also very unusual, since the soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys are normally annealed at temperatures of over 740° C. and below 900° C.
The magnetic and mechanical properties can be adjusted by means of the annealing temperature. Both properties are crucial for use of the alloys. However, it is very difficult to simultaneously optimize these two properties, since the properties are contradictory:
1. If the alloy is annealed at a relatively high temperature, the result is a coarser grain and therefore good soft-magnetic properties. However, the mechanical properties obtained are generally relatively poor.
2. On the other hand, if the alloy is annealed at lower temperatures, better mechanical properties are obtained, on account of a finer grain, but the finer grain results in worse magnetic properties.
A major drawback of the alloy selection disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,747 is the need for the abovementioned rapid anneal, which may only be carried out for approximately one to two hours at a temperature close to the ordered/unordered phase boundary in order to achieve usable magnetic and mechanical properties.
If there is a very large quantity of material to be annealed, reliable production can therefore only be realized with very great difficulty, on account of different heat-up times and on account of temperature fluctuations within the material to be annealed. On a large industrial scale, the result is generally unacceptable scatters with regard to the yield strengths which are characteristic of the mechanical properties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy selection which is distinguished by very good mechanical properties, in particular by very high yield strengths.
Furthermore, the alloys should have yield strengths of over 600 MPa, preferably of over 700 MPa, even with longer annealing times of at least two hours and with a high manufacturing reliability.
Furthermore, the alloys should at the same time have high saturation inductances and the lowest possible coercive forces, i.e. should have excellent soft-magnetic properties.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by a soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy selection which substantially comprises

    35.0≦Co≦55.0% by weight,
    0.75≦V≦2.5% by weight,
    0≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.8% by weight,
    0.3<Zr≦1.5% by weight,
    Ni≦5.0% by weight,
    remainder Fe and melting-related and/or incidental impurities.


In this context and in the text which follows, the term “substantially comprises” is to be understood as meaning that the alloy selection according to the invention, in addition to the main constituents indicated, namely Co, V, Zr, Nb, Ta and Fe, may only include melting-related and/or incidental impurities in a quantity which has no significant adverse effect on either the mechanical properties or the magnetic properties.
Entirely surprisingly, it has emerged that iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys with zirconium contents of over 0.3% by weight have significantly better mechanical properties, while at the same time achieving excellent magnetic properties, than the prior art alloys described in the introduction.
This can be attributed to the fact that, on account of the addition of zirconium in quantities greater than 0.3% by weight, a previously unknown hexagonal Laves phase is formed within the microstructure between the individual grains, and this has a very positive effect on the mechanical and magnetic properties. This hexagonal Laves phase should not be confused, in terms of its metallurgy and crystallography, with the cubic Laves phase described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,747. Only the name is partially identical. This significant addition of zirconium results in a significant improvement in ductility, in particular when used in conjunction with niobium and/or tantalum.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the text which follows, comparative examples and exemplary embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail with reference to Tables 1 to 33 and FIGS. 1 to 15, in which:
Table 1 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/5964 to 93/6018 after final annealing for one hour at 720° C. under H2;
Table 2 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for one hour at 720° C. under H2;
Table 3 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for one hour at 720° C. under H2;
Table 4 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/5964 to 93/6018 after final annealing for two hours at 720° C. under H2;
Table 5 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for two hours at 720° C. under H2;
Table 6 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for two hours at 720° C. under H2;
Table 7 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for four hours at 720° C. under H2;
Table 8 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for four hours at 720° C. under H2;
Table 9 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for one hour at 730° C. under H2;
Table 10 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for two hours at 730° C. under H2;
Table 11 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for one hour at 740° C. under H2;
Table 12 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for one hour at 740° C. under H2;
Table 13 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for two hours at 740° C. under H2;
Table 14 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for two hours at 740° C. under H2;
Table 15 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/5964 to 93/6018 after final annealing for four hours at 740° C. under H2;
Table 16 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6306 after final annealing for four hours at 740° C. under H2;
Table 17 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for four hours at 740° C. under H2;
Table 18 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for one hour at 750° C. under H2;
Table 19 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for one hour at 770° C. under H2;
Table 20 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6289 after final annealing for two hours at 770° C. under H2;
Table 21 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/5964 to 93/6018 after final annealing for four hours at 770° C. under H2;
Table 22 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6284 after final annealing for four hours at 770° C. under H2;
Table 23 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for four hours at 770° C. under H2;
Table 24 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/5964 to 93/6018 after final annealing for four hours at 800° C. under H2;
Table 25 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6278 to 93/6306 after final annealing for four hours at 800° C. under H2;
Table 26 shows properties of special melts from batches 93/6655 to 93/6666 after final annealing for four hours at 800° C. under H2;
Table 27 shows the microstructural state of special melts 93/7179 to 93/7183 after quenching from various temperatures;
Table 28 shows properties of batches 93/7180 to 93/7184 and 74/5517 and 99/5278 after final annealing for one hour at 720° C. under H2, thickness: 0.35 mm;
Table 29 shows hysteresis losses for special melts from batches 93/7180 to 93/7184 and 74/5517 and 99/5278 for various degrees of saturation and frequencies after final annealing for one hour at 720° C. under H2, thickness 0.35 mm;
Table 30 shows properties of batches 93/7180 to 93/7184 and 74/5517 and 99/5278 after final annealing for two hours at 750° C. under H2, thickness: 0.35 mm;
Table 31 shows hysteresis losses for special melts from batches 93/7180 to 93/7184 and 74/5517 and 99/5278 for various degrees of saturation and frequencies after final annealing for two hours at 750° C. under H2, thickness 0.35 mm;
Table 32 shows properties of batches 93/7180 to 93/7184 and 74/5517 and 99/5278 after final annealing for four hours at 840° C. under H2, thickness: 0.35 mm;
Table 33 shows hysteresis losses for special melts from batches 93/7180 to 93/7184 and 74/5517 and 99/5278 for various degrees of saturation and frequencies after final annealing for four hours at 840° C. under H2, thickness: 0.35 mm;



FIG. 1 is a graph summarizing properties of a prior art alloy 93/5968 (Masteller);
FIG. 2 is a graph summarizing properties of a prior art alloy 93/5969 (Masteller);
FIG. 3 is a graph summarizing properties of a prior art alloy 93/5973 (Ackermann);
FIG. 4 is a graph summarizing properties of an exemplary alloy 93/6279 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph summarizing properties of an exemplary alloy 93/6284 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph summarizing properties of an exemplary alloy 93/6285 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph summarizing properties of an exemplary alloy 93/6655 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph summarizing properties of an exemplary alloy 93/6661 of the present invention;
FIGS. 9-11 show the relationship between induction and field strength for exemplary embodiments of the alloy of the present invention 93/7180 to 93/7184;
FIGS. 12-13 show the relationship between Co content and V content and yield strength Rp0.2; and
FIGS. 14-15 show the relationship between resistivity ρe1 and Co and V content for various annealing parameters.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
In a preferred embodiment, the soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy according to the invention has a zirconium content of 0.5≦Zr≦1.0% by weight, ideally a zirconium content of 0.6≦Zr≦0.8% by weight.
The cobalt content is typically 48.0≦Co≦50.0% by weight. However, very good results can also be achieved with alloys with a cobalt content of between 45.0≦Co≦48.0% by weight. The nickel content should be Ni≦1.0% by weight, ideally Ni≦0.5% by weight.
In one typical configuration of the present invention, the soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy according to the invention has a vanadium content of 1.0≦V≦2.0% by weight, ideally a vanadium content of 1.5≦V≦2.0% by weight.
To achieve particularly good ductilities, the present invention provides for niobium and/or tantalum contents of 0.04≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.8% by weight, ideally of 0.04≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.3% by weight.
The soft-magnetic high-strength iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys according to the invention also have a content of melting-related and/or incidental metallic impurities of:

    Cu≦0.2, Cr≦0.3, Mo≦0.3, Si≦0.5, Mn≦0.3 and Al≦0.3; preferably of:
    Cu≦0.1, Cr≦0.2, Mo≦0.2, Si≦0.2, Mn≦0.2 and Al≦0.2; ideally of:
    Cu≦0.06, Cr≦0.1, Mo≦0.1, Si≦0.1 and Mn≦0.1.


Furthermore, nonmetallic impurities are typically present in the following ranges:

    P≦0.01, S≦0.02, N≦0.005, O≦0.05 and C≦0.05; preferably in the following ranges:
    P≦0.005, S≦0.01, N≦0.002, O≦0.02 and C≦0.02; ideally in the following ranges:
    S≦0.005, N≦0.001, O≦0.01 and C≦0.01.


The alloys according to the invention can be melted by means of various processes. In principle, all conventional techniques, such as for example melting in air or production by vacuum induction melting (VIM), are possible.
However, the VIM process is preferred for production of the soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys according to the invention, since the relatively high zirconium contents can be set more successfully. In the case of melting in air, zirconium-containing alloys have high melting losses, with the result that undesirable zirconium oxides and other impurities are formed. Overall, the zirconium content can be set more successfully if the VIM process is used.
The alloy melt is then cast into chill molds. After solidification, the ingot is desurfaced and then rolled into a slab at a temperature of between 900° C. and 1300° C.
As an alternative, it is also possible to do without the step of desurfacing the oxide skin on the surface of the ingots. Instead, the slab then has to be machined accordingly at its surface.
The resulting slab is then hot-rolled at similar temperatures, i.e. at temperatures above 900° C., to a strip. The hot-rolled alloy strip then obtained is too brittle for a further cold-rolling process. Accordingly, the hot-rolled alloy strip is quenched from a temperature above the ordered/unordered phase transition, which is known to be a temperature of approximately 730° C., in water, preferably in iced brine.
This treatment makes the alloy strip sufficiently ductile. After the oxide skin on the alloy strip has been removed, for example by pickling or blasting, the alloy strip is cold-rolled, for example to a thickness of approximately 0.35 mm.
Then, the desired shapes are produced from the cold-rolled alloy strip. This shaping operation is generally carried out by punching. Further processes include laser cutting, EDM, water jet cutting or the like.
After this treatment, the important magnetic final anneal is carried out, it being possible to precisely set the magnetic properties and mechanical properties of the end product by varying the annealing time and the annealing temperature.
The invention is explained below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and comparative examples. The differences between the individual alloys in terms of their mechanical and magnetic properties are explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8, which each show the coercive force Hc as a function of the yield strength Rp0.2.
All the exemplary embodiments and all the comparative examples were produced by casting melts into flat chill molds under vacuum. The oxide skin present on the ingots was then removed by milling.
Then, the ingots were hot-rolled at a temperature of 1150° C. together with a thickness of d=3.5 mm.
The resulting slabs were then quenched in ice water from a temperature T=930° C. The quenched, hot-rolled slabs were finally cold-rolled to a thickness d′=0.35 mm. Then, tensile specimens and rings were punched out. The respective magnetic final anneals were carried out on the rings and tensile specimens obtained.
All the alloy parameters, magnetic measurement results and mechanical measurement results are reproduced in Tables 1 to 26.
To investigate the mechanical properties, tensile tests were carried out, in which the modulus of elasticity E, the yield strength Rp0.2, the tensile strength Rm, the elongation at break AL and the hardness HV were measured. The yield strength Rp0.2 was considered the most important mechanical parameter in this context.
The magnetic properties were tested on the punched rings. The static B-H initial magnetization curve and the static coercive force Hc of the punched rings were determined.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES
Alloy in accordance with the prior art were produced under designations batches 93/5973 and under designations batch 93/5969 and 93/5968. Batch 93/5973 corresponds to an alloy as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,072 (Ackermann), as cited in the introduction, i.e. a high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy with a low level of added zirconium of less than 0.3% by weight.
The precise amount of zirconium added was 0.28% by weight.
Batches 93/5969 and 93/5968 were alloys corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,747 (Masteller), cited in the introduction. These were high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloys without any zirconium.
The properties of these alloys are given in Tables 1, 4, 15, 21 and 24. These tables reproduce the properties of the molten alloys with various final anneals. The duration of the final anneals and the annealing temperatures were varied. The annealing temperatures were varied from 720° C. to 800° C. The duration of the final anneals was varied from one hour to four hours.
A graph summarizing the results found for these three alloys from the prior art is given in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. As can be seen from these figures, with these alloys a high yield strength, i.e., a yield strength Rp0.2 of over 700 MPa, can only be achieved if significant losses in the soft-magnetic properties are accepted. All three alloys have a semihard-magnetic behavior, i.e. a coercive force Hc of more than 6.0 A/cm, in the range of 700 MPa and above.
Exemplary Embodiments:
As exemplary embodiments according to the present invention, five different alloy batches were produced, listed under batch designations 93/6279, 93/6284, 93/6285, 93/6655 and 93/6661 in Tables 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 22, 23, 25 and 26.
In these alloys, firstly the zirconium content was varied, and secondly the zirconium content together with the other alloying constituents niobium and tantalum that are responsible for the ductility were varied.
With these alloy batches too, both the annealing temperatures for the magnetic final anneals and the final annealing times were varied. The final annealing times were varied between one hour and four hours. The final annealing temperatures were varied between 720° and 800° C.
A graph summarizing the individual results is given in FIGS. 4 to 8. These figures also show the coercive force Hc as a function of the yield strength Rp0.2. Unlike with the alloys from the prior art, which have been discussed above under the Comparative Examples, the alloys according to the present invention have very high yield strengths combined, at the same time, with very good soft-magnetic properties.
This can be seen in particular from FIGS. 7 and 8. The alloys shown there have yield strengths of over 700 MPa combined with coercive forces of approximately 5.0 A/cm.
It can be seen in particular from FIG. 3 that if zirconium contents of less than 0.30% by weight are used, as disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 3,634,072, it is not in fact possible to produce truly high-strength alloys.
By comparison with the composition 49.2 Co; 1.9 V; 0.16 Ta; 0.77 Zr; remainder Fe, the V content was varied from 0-3% and the Co content from 10-49% in batches 93/7179 to 93/7184. These exemplary embodiments are compiled in FIGS. 9 to 15 and Tables 26 to 32. Batch 74/5517 99/5278 is a comparison alloy from the prior art.
Table 26 shows the investigation into the appropriate quenching temperature for the special melt tests of batches 93/7179 to 93/7183. Only batch 93/7184 was cold-rolled without quenching. After quenching at the temperatures determined in each instance, cf. Table 26, it was possible for the strips to be cold-rolled to their final thickness.
FIGS. 9 to 11 show the relationship between induction and field strength for batches 93/7180 to 93/7184 after a final anneal under various annealing parameters. Inductances are corrected for air flow in accordance with ASTM A 341/A 341M and IEC 404-4. These results and the results of the tensile tests are listed in Tables 27, 29 and 31.
The relationship between Co content and V content and yield strength Rp0.2 is illustrated in graph form in FIGS. 12 and 13.
Tables 28, 30 and 32 show the resistivity and the hysteresis losses for batches 93/7179 to 93/7184. The relationship between resistivity ρe1 and Co and V content for various annealing parameters is presented in graph form in FIGS. 14 and 15.
The alloys according to the present invention are particularly suitable for magnetic bearings, in particular for the rotors of magnetic bearings, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,747, and as material for generators and for motors.







TABLE 1





Strip 0.35 mm  1 h 720° C., H2, OK

















Static magnetic



measurements














Wt. %
Hc

B81)
B161)
B241)

















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Ni
Addition
[A/cm]
B31) [T]
[T]
[T]
[T]





93/5973
49.10
1.95

0.03
Zr~0.28
10.945
0.088
0.368
1.669
1.893


93/5969
49.10
1.91
0.37
0.04

10.638
0.087
0.394
1.861
1.985


93/5968
49.10
1.91
0.23
0.04

12.144
0.077
0.287
1.650
1.918













Without air flow
Mechanical



correction from B40
measurements
















B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
[T]
[T]
[T]
[MPa]
[MPa]
[%]
[GPa]
HV





93/5973
2.018
2.135
2.222
1229
721
11.8-16.6
219-262
371-377


93/5969
2.080
2.180
2.270
1521
939
19.2-21.2
251-264
421-432


93/5968
2.038
2.152
2.246
1498
890
21.3-21.8
239-271
414-418
















TABLE 2







Anneal: 1 h, 720° C., H2, OK











Wt. %
Static magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements

























Ad-
Hc
B3



Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
Co
V
Ni
dition
(A/cm)
(T)
B8 (T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
2.815
0.549
1.902
2.054
2.115
970
633
8.5
241
312


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
3.435
0.319
1.798
1.995
2.066
993
663
7.6-9.5
235
329


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
3.381
0.334
1.797
1.983
2.061
953
675
6.9-8.3
243
333
















TABLE 3





Anneal: 1 h/720° C./H2/OK/    With air flow correction from B40

















Mechanical measurements

















Wt. %
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)




















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
# 0.86
x
5.265
0.204
1.393
1.850
1.965
2.050
2.130
2.170


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
# 0.77
# 0.16
6.397
0.175
1.121
1.824
1.945
2.037
2.118
2.170












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/6655
1101-1251
753-772
 9.7-13.9
239-248
326-332



93/6661
1245-1285
831-833
12.3-14.7
223-251
341-349







1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B24 at H = 24 A/cm













TABLE 4





Strip 0.35 mm  2 h 720° C., H2, OK

















Static magnetic



measurements














Wt. %
Hc

B81)
B161)
B241)

















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Ni
Addition
[A/cm]
B31) [T]
[T]
[T]
[T]





93/5973
49.10
1.95

0.03
Zr~0.28
1.810
1.687
2.028
2.141
2.189


93/5969
49.10
1.91
0.37
0.04

6.442
0.161
1.384
1.990
2.068


93/5968
49.10
1.91
0.23
0.04

5.791
0.183
1.499
1.986
2.066













Without air flow
Mechanical



correction from B40
measurements
















B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
[T]
[T]
[T]
[MPa]
[MPa]
[%]
[GPa]
HV





93/5973
2.236
2.303
2.378
 907
504
9.5-9.6
246-263
247-261


93/5969
2.151
2.239
2.316
1379
761
15.1-22.5
257-268
332-335


93/5968
2.146
2.232
2.307
1335
700
16.6-23.0
243-250
323-326
















TABLE 5







Anneal: 2 h, 720° C., H2, OK









Mechanical measurements















Wt. %
Static magnetic measurements
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus






















Batch
Co
V
Ni
Addition
Hc (A/cm)
B3 (T)
B8 (T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
3.172
0.417
1.836
2.024
2.092
1041
612
9.7-11.0
242-243
283-293


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
2.950
0.588
1.843
2.010
2.084
 965
636
5.1-11.3
245-247
291-294


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
3.287
0.412
1.847
1.969
2.048
1060
641
8.0-11.3
246-247
300-304
















TABLE 6





Anneal: 2 h/720° C./H2/OK/    With air flow correction from B40

















magnetic measurements

















Wt. %
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)




















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
# 0.86
x
4.003
0.295
1.630
1.922
2.017
2.092
2.161
2.205


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
# 0.77
# 0.16
5.218
0.218
1.429
1.887
1.991
2.068
2.145
2.196












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/6655
1095-1187
679-695
10.3-12.8
247-253
309-312



93/6661
1100-1267
749-766
 9.3-13.9
235-249
323-329







1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, z.B. B24 at H = 24 A/cm













TABLE 7





Anneal: 4 h, 720° C., H2, OK


















magnetic measurements
With air flow











pFe2)
pFe2)
correction from B40
















Wt. %
Hc
physt/f
f = 400 Hz
f = 1000 Hz
B31)
B81)
B161)


















Batch
Co
V
Ni
Addition
(A/cm)
(J/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.600
0.1214
 91.302
388.531
1.781
2.016
2.117


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
1.949
0.1502
100.746
404.399
1.629
1.958
2.075


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
2.005



1.606
1.959
2.070













With air flow




correction from B40
Mechanical measurements



















B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5







93/6279
2.158
2.187
2.219
2.248
849
510
5.8-9.4
228-233
282-302



93/6284
2.127
2.163
2.198
2.227
940
558
7.1-9.2
236-254
319-321



93/6285
2.121



913
570
6.8-8.2
230-238
336-338







physt/f: static Hysteresis losses at B = 2 T



1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B40 at H = 40 A/cm



2)PFe at B = 2 T













TABLE 8





Anneal: 4 h/720° C./H2/OK    With air flow correction from B40

















magnetic measurements


















pFe2)
pFe2)





Wt. %
Hc
physt/f
f = 400 Hz
f = 1000 Hz
B31)
B81)


















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
(A/cm)
(J/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(T)
(T)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
# 0.86
x
3.038
0.2482
139.757
501.111
0.602
1.738


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
# 0.77
# 0.16
3.913
0.3098
164.061
560.637
0.320
1.680












Mechanical measurements












magnetic measurements

E-



















B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
Modulus



Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV





93/6655
1.959
2.044
2.110
2.170
2.207
1107-1119
622-624
11.3-11.4
234-243
277-292


93/6661
1.952
2.035
2.035
2.165
2.206
1167-1241
692-700
11.7-13.9
240-250
310-329





physt/f: static Hysteresis losses at B = 2 T


1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B24 at H = 24 A/cm


2)pFe at B = 2 T













TABLE 9







Anneal: 1 h, 730° C., H2, OK











Wt. %
Static magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements

























Ad-
Hc
B3
B8


Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
Co
V
Ni
dition
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.966
1.687
1.999
2.104
2.155
938
583
8.4-8.6
243-244
280-281


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
2.514
0.929
1.921
2.056
2.114
997
611
9.1-9.3
243-249
300


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
2.431
1.125
1.913
2.045
2.103
964
629
6.5-9.4
237-250
301-303
















TABLE 10







Anneal: 2 h, 730° C., H2, OK











Wt. %
Static magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements

























Ad-
Hc




Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
Co
V
Ni
dition
(A/cm)
B3 (T)
B8 (T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.717
1.758
2.017
2.118
2.169
875
513
7.3-9.0
238
270


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
2.115
1.515
1.962
2.083
2.133
884
547
6.0-8.9
236
285


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
2.334
1.271
1.921
2.045
2.097
738
561
2.9-7.3
242
297
















TABLE 11







Annneal: 1 h 740° C., H2, OK









Mechanical measurements















Wt. %
Static magnetic measurements
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus






















Batch
Co
V
Ni
Addition
Hc (A/cm)
B3 (T)
B8 (T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5
























93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.977
1.600
1.979
2.096
2.152
1051
561
10.2-12.1
230-241
305-314


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
2.282
1.289
1.931
2.066
2.121
1050
605
10.0-10.2
239-242
276-283


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
2.588
0.833
1.874
2.013
2.078
966
612
6.8-9.6
234-236
289-297
















TABLE 12





Anneal: 1 h/740° C./H2/OK    With air flow correction from B40

















Static magnetic measurements

















Wt. %
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)




















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
# 0.86
x
3.203
0.443
1.727
1.954
2.037
2.101
2.161
2.201


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
# 0.77
# 0.16
3.901
0.297
1.699
1.958
2.040
2.105
2.170
2.217












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/6655
 946-1100
638-650
 7.4-11.1
240-241
294-297



93/6661
1169-1173
694-703
12.0-12.3
228-243
303-312







1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B24 at H = 24 A/cm













TABLE 13







Annneal: 2 h 740° C., H2, OK









Mechanical measurements















Wt. %
Static magnetic measurements
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus






















Batch
Co
V
Ni
Addition
Hc (A/cm)
B3 (T)
B8 (T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.646
1.739
1.993
2.095
2.136
922
511
 7.2-10.3
237-245
264-272


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
2.073
1.559
1.972
2.088
2.142
886
573
5.6-8.1
234-246
278-284


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
2.100
1.564
1.957
2.076
2.130
967
566
7.9-9.8
234-240
273-288
















TABLE 14





Anneal: 2 h/740° C./H2/OK    With air flow correction from B40

















Static magnetic measurements

















Wt. %
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)




















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
# 0.86
x
2.601
0.776
1.826
2.011
2.082
2.140
2.186
2.217


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
# 0.77
# 0.16
2.773
0.636
1.838
2.012
2.085
2.137
2.189
2.220












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/6655
1037-1043
581-592
10.0-10.1
241-243
280-293



93/6661
1127-1143
627-635
11.6-12.5
223-246
289-295







1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, z.B. B24 at H = 24 A/cm













TABLE 15





Strip 0.35 mm  4 h 740° C., H2, OK


















Static magnetic
With air flow



measurements
correction from B40

















wt-. %
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)




















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Ni
Addition
[A/cm]
[T]
[T]
[T]
[T]
[T]
[T]
[T]





93/5973
49.10
1.95

0.03
Zr~0.28
1.149
1.931
2.101
2.185
2.219


93/5969
49.10
1.91
0.37
0.04

3.719
0.694
1.838
2.051
2.111
2.172
2.231
2.265


93/5968
49.10
1.91
0.23
0.04

3.194
0.597
1.900
2.078
2.137
2.178
2.230
2.266












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
[MPa]
[MPa]
[%]
[GPa]
HV







93/5973
813-874
407-438
8.4-9.7
241-250
231-236



93/5969
 930-1261
582-617
 8.9-17.5
229-252
275-291



93/5968
1061-1192
569-588
10.9-15.5
245-262
283-295

















TABLE 16





Anneal: 4 h, 740° C., H2, OK



















With air flow



Magnetic measurements
correction











pFe2)
pFe2)
from B40
















Wt. %
Hc
physt/f
f = 400 Hz
f = 1000 Hz
B31)
B81)
B161)


















Batch
Co
V
Ni
Addition
(A/cm)
(J/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.456
0.109
85.117
369.182
1.813
2.037
2.132


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
1.690



1.727
2.001
2.104


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
1.974



1.608
1.963
2.073














With air flow





correction from B40
Mechanical measurements




















B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus

ρel



Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV
(Ωmm2/m)







93/6279
2.172
2.199
2.230
2.257
764
484
5.7-6.5
251
242
0.451



93/6284
2.152



830
525
6.2-7.1
250
275
0.449



93/6285
2.121



804
552
3.1-6.8
253
280
0.450

















TABLE 17





Anneal: 4 h/740° C./H2/OK/    With air flow correction from B40

















magnetic measurements



















pFe2)
pFe2)






Wt. %
Hc
physt/f
f = 400 Hz
f = 1000 Hz
B31)
B81)
B161)



















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
(A/cm)
(J/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
#
x
2.270
0.1796
113.844
442.061
1.060
1.862
2.031






0.86


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
#
#
2.351
0.1856
114.229
435.546
1.031
1.884
2.040






0.77
0.16













magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements



















B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/6655
2.098
2.147
2.190
2.214
1034
538
9.7
255
268-271



93/6661
2.101
2.144
2.193
2.223
1058-1124
572-579
10.6-12.1
231-242
277-281







physt/f: static Hysteresis losses at B = 2 T



1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, z.B. B24 at H = 24 A/cm



2)pFe at B = 2 T













TABLE 18







Anneal: 1 h, 750° C., H2, OK









Mechanical measurements















wt-%
Static magnetic measurements

Rp0.2

E-Modulus






















Batch
Co
V
Ni
Addition
Hc (A/cm)
B3 (T)
B8 (T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
Rm (MPa)
(MPa)
AL (%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.595
1.783
2.033
2.136
2.179
919
533
7.4-9.5
218-250
272-285


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
1.804
1.667
1.965
2.076
2.123
832
547
3.9-8.1
198-223
285-288


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
1.983
1.543
1.921
2.046
2.101
948
572
7.9-8.4
238-256
290-297
















TABLE 19







Anneal: 1 h, 770° C., H2, OK











Wt-%
Static magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements

























Addi-
Hc
B3
B8


Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
Co
V
Ni
tion
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.476
1.819
2.028
2.127
2.169
903
486
8.5-9.0
250-252
257-260


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
1.634
1.755
1.997
2.098
2.141
854
511
6.3-8.1
252-265
272-273


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
1.808
1.693
1.961
2.066
2.111
881
528
7.2-8.1
244-264
278-281
















TABLE 20







Anneal: 2 h, 770° C., H2, OK











Wt-%
Static magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements

























Addi-
Hc
B3
B8


Rm
Rp0,2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
Co
V
Ni
tion
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
B16 (T)
B24 (T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV5





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.207
1.860
2.035
2.121
2.155
851
421
8.2-9.5
236-244
254-262


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
1.427
1.813
2.014
2.106
2.141
882
451
8.5-9.1
239-244
262-268


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr~1.40
1.571
1.761
1.977
2.073
2.110
861
486
6.8-7.9
231-249
270-277
















TABLE 21





Strip 0.35 mm 4 h 770° C., H2, OK



















static magnetic



Wt-%
measurements






















Addi-




B241)


Batch
Co
V
Nb
Ni
tion
Hc [A/cm]
B31) [T]
B81) [T]
B161) [T]
[T]





93/5973
49.10
1.95

0.03
Zr~0.28
0.885
1.980
2.218
2.200
2.227


93/5969
49.10
1.91
0.37
0.04

2.038
1.582
2.026
2.128
2.174


93/5968
49.10
1.91
0.23
0.04

1.700
1.755
2.061
2.154
2.192













with air flow




correction from B40
mechanical measurements
















B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
[T]
[T]
[T]
[MPa]
[MPa]
[%]
[GPa]
HV





93/5973



492-815
370-389
3.6-9.5
232-248
206-210


93/5969
2.211
2.248
2.275
1018-1129
493-501
11.1-13.9
246-250
232-236


93/5968
2.222
2.252
2.275
 942-1087
471-479
 9.8-13.5
239-253
226-227
















TABLE 22





Anneal: 4 h, 770° C., H2, OK


















Wt-%
Magnetic measurements



















Addi-


pFe2) f = 400 Hz
pFe2) f = 1000 Hz


Batch
Co
V
Ni
tion
Hc (A/cm)
physt/f (J/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr~0.80
1.234
0.0819
77.873
363.928


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr~1.00
1.489
0.1241
99.401
442.150













with air flow correction from B40
Mechanical measurements




















B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV





93/6279
1.861
2.062
2.149
2.184
2.207
2.235
2.260
766
444
4.3-7.5
239
250


93/6284
1.608
1.867
1.968
2.010
2.038
2.066
2.090
782
491
4.3-8.0
233
261
















TABLE 23





Anneal: 4 h/770° C./H2/OK  with air flow correction from B40


















Wt-%
Magnetic measurements
















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
Hc (A/cm)
physt/f (J/kg)
pFe2) f = 400 Hz (W/kg)
pFe2) f = 1000 Hz (W/kg)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
#
x
1.819
0.1445
99.664
418.788






0.86


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
#
#
1.586
0.1263
89.614
381.568






0.77
0.16













Magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements




















B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV





93/6655
1.457
1.928
2.067
2.127
2.157
2.194
2.227
856-931
481-484
7.2-8.5
237-241
249-264


93/6661
1.623
1.963
2.085
2.139
2.168
2.208
2.227
940-974
478-485
9.0-9.8
217-225
241-258





physt/f: static hysteresis losses B = 2 T


1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B24 at H = 24 A/cm


2)PFe at B = 2 T













TABLE 24





Strip 0.35 mm 4 h 800° C., H2, OK

















static magnetic measurements














Wt-%

B31)
B81)
B161)


















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Ni
Addition
Hc [A/cm]
[T]
[T]
[T]
B241) [T]





93/5973
49.10
1.95

0.03
Zr~0.28
0.750
2.004
2.141
2.208
2.237


93/5969
49.10
1.91
0.37
0.04

1.548
1.842
2.080
2.157
2.200


93/5968
49.10
1.91
0.23
0.04

1.360
1.902
2.098
2.180
2.216













with air flow




correction from B40
mechanical measurements
















B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2

E-Modulus



Batch
[T]
[T]
[T]
[MPa]
[MPa]
AL/%
[GPa]
HV





93/5973



534-806 
365-384
3.7-8.3
233-246
219-228


93/5969
2.226
2.259
2.285
827-1060
446-474
 7.2-12.7
235-253
250-258


93/5968
2.235
2.263
2.284
926-1015
435-444
10.2-12.7
245-255
230-234
















TABLE 25





Anneal: 4 h, 800° C., H2, OK


















Magnetic measurements
with air flow























pFe2)
pFe2)
correction














Wt-%

physt/f
f = 400 Hz
f = 1000 Hz
from B40

















Batch
Co
V
Ni
Addition
Hc (A/cm)
(J/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
B31) (T)
B81) (T)





93/6279
49.20
1.89
0.06
Zr ~ 0.80
1.062
0.0744
74.154
351.926
1.913
2.080


93/6284
49.35
1.90
0.43
Zr ~ 1.00
1.264
0.0945
87.404
404.535
1.835
2.039


93/6285
49.35
1.89
0.44
Zr ~ 1.40
1.456



1.813
2.015














with air flow





correction



from B40
Mechanical measurements



















B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus

□el


Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV
(□mm2/m)





93/6279
2.158
2.188
2.209
2.237
2.261
798
420
6.7-8.1
233
250
0.447


93/6284
2.129
2.164
2.185
2.210
2.234
843
465
6.6-7.7
240
261
0.448


93/6285
2.104
2.140



808
504
4.8-7.2
243
279
0.454
















TABLE 26





Anneal: 4 h/800° C./H2/OK/  with air flow correction from B40

















Magnetic measurements


















pFe2)
pFe2)





Wt-%
Hc
physt/f
f = 400 Hz
f = 1000 Hz
B31)
B81)


















Batch
Co
V
Nb
Zr
Ta
(A/cm)
(J/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(T)
(T)





93/6655
49.15
1.90
0.10
#0.86
x
1.640
0.1279
98.076
421.081
1.623
1.959


93/6661
49.70
1.91
x
#0.77
#0.16
1.380
0.1042
83.840
367.657
1.684
1.983













Magnetic measurements
Mechanical measurements


















B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)
Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus



Batch
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV





93/6655
2.084
2.137
2.167
2.204
2.232
848-869
460-462
7.0-7.5
240-247
249-260


93/6661
2.099
2.153
2.177
2.208
2.229
910-936
441-447
8.7-9.1
241-249
244-254





physt/f: static hysteresis losses at B = 2 T


1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B24 at H = 24 A/cm


2)pFe at B = 2 T















TABLE 27







Quenching

Choice of


experiments:
Microstructural state
Quenching













Batch
3 h/880° C.
3 h/900° C.
3 h/920° C.
3 h/940° C.
3 h/950° C.
conditions





93/7179
α
α
α
α + a
α + a
2 h/970° C./air


49.2 Co/0 V/



little α′
little α′


0.16 Ta/0.77 Zr


93/7180
α + α′
α + α′
α + α′
α′
α′
2 h/900° C./air


49.2 Co/3 V /


0.16 Ta/0.77 Zr


93/7181
α
α
α
α + a little
α + α′ at
2 h/970° C./air


49.2 Co/1 V/



α′
edge more


0.16 Ta/0.77 Zr




α′


93/7182
α
α
α + a little
α + a
α + a
2 h/800° C./air


35 Co/2 V/


α′
little α′
little α′


0.16 Ta/0.77 Zr


93/7183
α
α
α
α
α + a little
2 h/800° C./air


27 Co/2 V/




α′


0.16 Ta/0.77 Zr
















TABLE 28





Anneal: 1 h/720° C./H2/OK/


















Wt. %
Magnetic measurements; with air flow correction from B40

























Density
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)


Batch
Co
V
Ta
Zr
(g/cm3)
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/7180
49.2
3
0.16
0.77
8.12 
12.761
0.093
0.319
1.229
1.666
1.843
1.971
2.047


93/7181
49.2
1
0.16
0.77
8.12 
5.842
0.160
1.435
1.954
2.048
2.126
2.205
2.258


93/7182
35  
2
0.16
0.77
8.004
9.285
0.120
0.643
1.811
1.931
2.033
2.137
2.211


93/7183
27  
2
0.16
0.77
7.990
9.248
0.077
0.589
1.661
1.785
1.892
2.039
2.171


93/7184
10  
2
0.16
0.77
7.872
6.228
0.103
1.105
1.484
1.603
1.708
1.842
1.985


74/5517
49.3
2
0.18
0.75
8.12 
5.905
0.184
1.189
1.812
1.940
2.033
2.114
2.158


99/5278












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/7180
1328-1389
 998-1018
10.1-11.9
255-263
394-412



93/7181
 955-1145
819-897
 5.1-11.2
240-261
364-371



93/7182
1301-1323
 994-1016
11.1-12.1
254-267
375-390



93/7183
898-930
791-826
6.9-9.4
234-247
281-293



93/7184
580-597
492-500
16.4-17.4
208-221
180-188



74/5517
1203-1286
779-819
10.5-14.3
247-265
333-356



99/5278







1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B3 at H = 3 A/cm























TABLE 29






ρel3)
p1 T50 Hz
p1.5 T50 Hz
p2 T50 Hz
p1 T400 Hz
p1.5 T400 Hz
p2 T400 Hz
p1 T1000 Hz
p1.5 T1000 Hz
p2 T1000 Hz


Batch
(μΩm)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)

























93/7180
0.733
11.83
24.51
48.732)
99.78
247.8
425.0
279.9
683.4
1166


93/7181
0.365
6.372
14.35
25.76
64.20
141.5
246.5
203.8
468.3
 834.5


93/7182
0.477
12.31
24.09
37.092)
106.7
248.3
343.9
295.4
613.2
1040


93/7183
0.457
13.42
26.25
42.262)
124.3
222.6
383.6
335.2
723.3
1162


93/7184
0.437
11.47
21.192)
33.872)
102.6
205.2
326.32)
301.3
632.7
 984.32)


74/5517
—
5.8
14.02
25.2
53.9
118.2
234.2
168.7
401.3
 728.8


99/5278





2)Form factor FF = 1.111 ± 1% not fulfilled


3)ρel calculated from the gradient m of the line in p/f (f)-Diagram at B = 2 T with m~1/ρel and ρel(Vacoflux 50) = 0.44 μΩm p1 T50 Hz = hysteresis losses at an Induction B = 1 T and a Frequency f = 50 Hz













TABLE 30





Anneal: 2 h/750° C./H2/OK/

















Magnetic measurements; with air flow correction from B40


















Wt. %
density
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)




















Batch
Co
V
Ta
Zr
(g/cm3)
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/7180
49.2
3.0
0.16
0.77
8.12
6.396
0.188
0.823
1.546
1.754
1.911
2.043
2.144


93/7181
49.2
1.0
0.16
0.77
8.12
2.660
0.701
1.872
2.053
2.125
2.185
2.240
2.276


93/7182
35
2
0.16
0.77
8.004
6.459
0.118
1.090
1.833
1.950
2.055
2.159
2.222


93/7183
27
2
0.16
0.77
7.990
7.507
0.079
0.803
1.654
1.765
1.869
2.020
2.168


93/7184
10
2
0.16
0.77
7.872
4.728
0.162
1.222
1.498
1.599
1.691
1.816
1.964


74/5517
49.3
2
0.18
0.75
8.12
2.248
0.970
1.830
2.011
2.081
2.134
2.179
2.206


99/5278












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/7180
 961-1231
678-728
6.6-12.1
250-260
316-344



93/7181
930-946
602-611
7.7-8.2 
248-259
292-303



93/7182
 985-1266
790-802
5.4-13.7
258-263
323-339



93/7183
832-847
625-637
8.9-11.9
237-246
258-264



93/7184
515-527
315-327
20.0-22.9 
206-213
142-145



74/5517
 941-1179
551-563
8.4-14.7
216-239
274-291



99/5278







1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B3 at H = 3 A/cm























TABLE 31






ρel3)
p1 T50 Hz
p1.5 T50 Hz
p2 T50 Hz
p1 T400 Hz
p1.5 T400 Hz
p2 T400 Hz
p1 T1000 Hz
p1.5 T1000 Hz
p2 T1000 Hz


Batch
(μΩm)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)

























93/7180
0.720
5.560
13.91
22.922)
49.35
126.7
208.0
152.3
385.1
628.1


93/7181
0.350
2.955
6.606
11.24
35.62
77.802)
143.9
132.2
305.0
586.3


93/7182
0.493
7.965
17.15
25.972)
73.44
155.72)
248.7
213.8
462.5
804.2


93/7183
0.468
11.42
21.51
34.372)
99.72
200.1
318.0
288.7
613.8
980.3


93/7184
0.428
8.934
17.60
26.202)
82.67
160.9
261.12)
261.2
547.6
865.22)


74/5517
—
2.4
5.59
9.9
27.1
56.25
109.1
98.0
230.5
413.0


99/5278





2)Form factor FF = 1.111 ± 1% not fulfilled


3)ρel calculated from the gradient m of the line p/f (f)-Diagram at B = 2 T with m ~1/ρel and ρel(Vacoflux 50) = 0.44 μΩm ρ1 T50 Hz = hysteresis losses at an Induction B = 1 T and a Frequency f = 50 Hz













TABLE 32





Anneal: 4 h/840° C./H2/OK/

















Magnetic measurements; with air flow correction from B40


















Wt-%
density
Hc
B31)
B81)
B161)
B241)
B401)
B801)
B1601)




















Batch
Co
V
Ta
Zr
(g/cm3)
(A/cm)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)





93/7180
49.2
3.0
0.16
0.77
8.12
6.398
0.150
0.512
1.099
1.384
1.652
1.907
2.037


93/7181
49.2
1.0
0.16
0.77
8.12
1.396
1.614
1.958
2.104
2.165
2.213
2.254
2.282


93/7182
35
2
0.16
0.77
8.004
2.355
0.372
1.556
1.818
1.953
2.092
2.199
2.240


93/7183
27
2
0.16
0.77
7.990
3.357
0.154
1.399
1.620
1.717
1.820
1.974
2.141


93/7184
10
2
0.16
0.77
7.872
3.187
0.386
1.249
1.482
1.576
1.663
1.792
1.944


74/5517
49.3
2
0.18
0.75
8.12
1.065
1.618
1.942
2.074
2.131
2.165
2.196
2.216


99/5278












Mechanical measurements















Rm
Rp0.2
AL
E-Modulus




Batch
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
(GPa)
HV







93/7180
 995-1199
553-600
 8.3-12.2
250-258
287-302



93/7181
662-736
379-387
5.3-6.2
257-259
220-233



93/7182
811-945
478-490
5.8-7.9
253-261
240-254



93/7183
701-730
379-390
10.8-12.7
236-246
202-217



93/7184
439-451
190-195
23.8-26.5
198-211
116-121



74/5517
 841-1013
410-427
 7.6-10.9
236-271
235-248



99/5278







1)Induction B at a field H in A/cm, e.g. B3 at H = 3 A/cm























TABLE 33






ρel3)
p1 T50 Hz
p1.5 T50 Hz
p2 T50 Hz
p1 T400 Hz
p1.5 T400 Hz
p2 T400 Hz
p1 T1000 Hz
p1.5 T1000 Hz
p2 T1000 Hz


Batch
(μΩm)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)
(W/kg)

























93/7180
0.649
5.847
13.67
18.822)
53.17
121.7
179.02)
163.3
385.2
559.8


93/7181
0.316
1.829
3.883
6.266
26.64
61.00
104.5
108.6
272.9
510.6


93/7182
0.446
3.770
6.844
8.8822)
40.08
68.84
118.0
139.1
263.8
464.9


93/7183
0.408
5.736
11.32
16.592)
56.00
119.3
175.4
182.5
409.4
635.5


93/7184
0.370
6.314
12.962)
19.542)
63.53
124.4
204.32)
205.4
486.0
707.42)


74/5517
—
1.7
3.348
5.4
21.6
46.85
78.5
82.4
183.8
352.5


99/5278





2)factor FF = 1.111 ± 1% not fulfilled


3)ρel calculated from the gradient m of the straight line in p/f (f)-Diagram at B = 2 T with m ~1/ρel and ρel(Vacoflux 50) = 0.44 μΩm ρ1 T50 Hz = hysteresis losses at an induction B = 1 T and a Frequency f = 50 Hz

## Claims

1. A high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy, consisting of:
35≦Co≦55% by weight,
0.75≦V≦2.5% by weight,
0≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦1% by weight,
0.5<Zr≦1% by weight,
Ni≦5% by weight,

remainder Fe and melting-related and/or incidental impurities.

2. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the zirconium content is 0.6≦Zr≦0.8% by weight.

3. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, in the form of a magnetic bearing.

4. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, in the form of a rotor.

5. A high strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy, consisting of:
45≦Co≦50% by weight,
1≦V≦2% by weight,
0.04≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.8% by weight,
0.5≦Zr≦1% by weight,
Ni≦1% by weight,

remainder Fe and melting-related and/or incidental impurities.

6. The high strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy of claim 5, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental metallic impurities is:
Cu≦0.2, Cr≦0.3, Mo≦0.3,
Si≦0.5, Mu≦0.3, and Al≦0.3.

7. A high strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy, consisting of:
48≦Co≦50% by weight,
1.5≦V≦2% by weight,
0.04≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.5% by weight,
0.6≦Zr≦0.8% by weight,
Ni≦0.5% by weight,

remainder Fe and melting-related and/or incidental impurities.

8. The high strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy of claim 7, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental metallic impurities is:
Cu≦0.1, Cr≦0.2, Mo≦0.2,
Si≦0.2, Mu≦0.2 and Al≦0.2.

9. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cobalt content is between 45≦Co≦50% by weight.

10. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cobalt content is between 48≦Co≦50% by weight.

11. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vanadium content is between 1≦V≦2% by weight.

12. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vanadium content is between 1.5≦V≦2% by weight.

13. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the niobium and/or tantalum content is between 0.04≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.8% by weight.

14. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the niobium and/or tantalum content is between 0.04≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.5% by weight.

15. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, in which the niobium and/or tantalum content is between 0.04≦(Ta+2×Nb)≦0.3% by weight.

16. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nickel content is Ni≦1% by weight.

17. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nickel content is Ni≦0.5% by weight.

18. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental metallic impurities is
Cu≦0.2Cr≦0.3, Mo≦0.3, Si≦0.5, Mn≦0.3 and Al≦0.3.

19. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental metallic impurities is
Cu≦0.1Cr≦0.2, Mo≦0.2, Si≦0.2, Mn≦0.2 and Al≦0.2.

20. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental metallic impurities is
Cu≦0.06, Cr≦0.1, Mo≦0.1, Si≦0.1 and Mn≦0.1.

21. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental nonmetallic impurities is P≦0.01, S≦0.02, N≦0.005, O≦0.05 and C≦0.05.

22. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental nonmetallic impurities is P≦0.005, S≦0.01, N≦0.002, O≦0.02 and C≦0.02.

23. The high-strength, soft-magnetic iron-cobalt-vanadium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of melting-related and/or incidental nonmetallic impurities is S≦0.005, N≦0.001, O≦0.01 and C≦0.01.