UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION



Washington, D.C. 20549












FORM 10-Q












| | x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| | - | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



for the quarterly period ended June 30,
2023



OR





| |  ̈ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT
TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| | - | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



for the transition period from                       to



Commission File Number: 001-35160










VOC ENERGY TRUST



(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)





|Delaware                                                       |  | 80-6183103                          
|-------------------------------------------------------------- |  | ------------------------------------
|(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)



|The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., Trustee |  |           
|-------------------------------------------------------- |  | ----------
|Global Corporate Trust                                   |  |           
|601 Travis Street, Floor 16                              |  |           
|Houston, Texas                                           |  | 77002     
|(Address of principal executive offices)                 |  | (Zip Code)



1-713-483-6020

(Registrant’s telephone number, including
area code)










Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of
the Act:



|Title of each class          |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
|---------------------------- |  | ----------------- |  | -----------------------------------------
|Units of Beneficial Interest |  | VOC               |  | The New York Stock Exchange              



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports),
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yesx No ̈



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405
of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to submit such files). Yes ̈ No  ̈



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.
See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,”
and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



|Large accelerated
    filer ̈ |  | Accelerated
    filer ̈    
|---------------------------- |  | --------------------------
|Non-accelerated filerx       |  | Smaller reporting companyx
|                             |  | Emerging growth company ̈  



If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ̈



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ̈ No
x



As of August 10, 2023, 17,000,000 Units of
Beneficial Interest in VOC Energy Trust were outstanding.
























PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION



Item 1. Financial Statements.



VOC ENERGY TRUST



CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF DISTRIBUTABLE INCOME



(Unaudited)



|                                                                                                       |  | Three months ended June 30, |           |   | Six months ended June 30, |  
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |  | --------------------------- | --------- | - | ------------------------- | -
|                                                                                                       |  | 2023                        |           |   | 2022                      |  
|Income from net profits interest                                                                       |  | $                           | 4,222,042 |   |                           | $
|Cash on hand withheld for Trust expenses                                                               |  |                             | (76,177   | ) |                           |  
|General and administrative expenses (1)                                                                |  |                             | (235,865  | ) |                           |  
|Distributable income                                                                                   |  | $                           | 3,910,000 |   |                           | $
|Distributions per Trust unit (17,000,000 Trust units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and 2022) |  | $                           | 0.23      |   |                           | $














| | (1) | Includes $30,014 and $28,860 paid to VOC Brazos Energy Partners, LP (“VOC Brazos”) during the three months ended June 30,
2023 and 2022, respectively, and $58,874 and $56,610 during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Also includes
$37,500 paid to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. during each of the three-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
and $75,000 during each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND TRUST CORPUS



|                                                                                                   |  | June 30, 2023 |              |   | December 31, 2022 |  
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  | ------------- | ------------ | - | ----------------- | -
|                                                                                                   |  |               | (Unaudited)  |   |                   |  
|ASSETS                                                                                             |  |               |              |   |                   |  
|Cash and cash equivalents                                                                          |  | $             | 1,368,243    |   |                   | $
|Investment in net profits interest                                                                 |  |               | 140,591,606  |   |                   |  
|Accumulated amortization and impairment                                                            |  |               | (127,708,914 | ) |                   |  
|Total assets                                                                                       |  | $             | 14,250,935   |   |                   | $
|                                                                                                   |  |               |              |   |                   |  
|TRUST CORPUS                                                                                       |  |               |              |   |                   |  
|Trust corpus, 17,000,000 Trust units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  | $             | 14,250,935   |   |                   | $



CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN TRUST CORPUS

(Unaudited)



|                                     |  | Three months ended June 30, |            |   | Six months ended June 30, |  
|------------------------------------ |  | --------------------------- | ---------- | - | ------------------------- | -
|                                     |  | 2023                        |            |   | 2022                      |  
|Trust corpus, beginning of period    |  | $                           | 14,619,274 |   |                           | $
|Income from net profits interest     |  |                             | 4,222,042  |   |                           |  
|Cash distributions                   |  |                             | (3,910,000 | ) |                           |  
|Trust expenses                       |  |                             | (235,865   | ) |                           |  
|Amortization of net profits interest |  |                             | (444,516   | ) |                           |  
|Trust corpus, end of period          |  | $                           | 14,250,935 |   |                           | $



The accompanying notes are an integral part of
these condensed financial statements.





2









VOC ENERGY TRUST

NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)



Note 1. Organization of the Trust



VOC Energy Trust (the “Trust”) is a
statutory trust formed on November 3, 2010 (capitalized on December 17, 2010), under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act pursuant
to a Trust Agreement dated November 3, 2010 (as amended and restated on May 10, 2011, the “Trust Agreement”) among
VOC Brazos Energy Partners, L.P., a Texas limited partnership (“VOC Brazos”), as trustor, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust
Company, N.A., as Trustee (the “Trustee”), and Wilmington Trust Company, as Delaware Trustee (the “Delaware Trustee”).
The Trust was created to acquire and hold a term net profits interest for the benefit of the Trust unitholders.



VOC Brazos is a privately held limited partnership
engaged in the production and development of oil and natural gas from properties located in Texas. VOC Kansas Energy Partners, L.L.C.,
a Kansas limited liability company (“VOC Kansas”), is a privately held limited liability company engaged in the production
and development of oil and natural gas from properties primarily located in Kansas along with a limited number of Texas properties. In
connection with the closing of the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in the Trust (“Trust Units”) in
May 2011, VOC Brazos acquired all of the membership interests in VOC Kansas in exchange for newly issued limited partner interests
in VOC Brazos pursuant to a Contribution and Exchange Agreement, dated August 30, 2010, as amended, by and between VOC Brazos and
VOC Kansas. This resulted in VOC Kansas becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of VOC Brazos.



The Trust was created to acquire and hold a term
net profits interest representing the right to receive 80% of the net proceeds (calculated as described below in Note 5) from production
from the underlying properties (as defined below). The net profits interest consists of working interests in substantially all of the
oil and natural gas properties held by VOC Brazos and VOC Kansas in the States of Kansas and Texas as of the date of the conveyance of
the net profits interest to the Trust. We refer to the properties in which the Trust holds the net profits interest as the “underlying
properties.”



The net profits interest is passive in nature,
and the Trustee has no management control over and no responsibility relating to the operation of the underlying properties. The net profits
interest entitles the Trust to receive 80% of the net proceeds attributable to VOC Brazos’ interest from the sale of production
from the underlying properties during the term of the Trust. The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31,
2030 or (2) the time when 10.6 million barrels of oil equivalent (“MMBoe”) (which is the equivalent of 8.5 MMBoe
in respect of the net profits interest) have been produced from the underlying properties and sold, and the Trust will soon thereafter
wind up its affairs and terminate.



As of June 30, 2023, cumulatively, since inception,
the Trust has received payment for 80% of the net proceeds attributable to VOC Brazos’ interest from the sale of 8.4 MMBoe of production
from the underlying properties (which is the equivalent of 6.7 MMBoe (unaudited) in respect of the net profits interest).



The Trustee can authorize the Trust to borrow money
to pay administrative or incidental expenses of the Trust that exceed cash held by the Trust. The Trustee may authorize the Trust to borrow
from the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee as a lender provided the terms of the loan are similar to the terms it would grant to a similarly
situated commercial customer with whom it did not have a fiduciary relationship. The Trustee may also deposit funds awaiting distribution
in an account with itself and make other short-term investments with the funds distributed to the Trust.



Note 2. Basis of Presentation



The accompanying Condensed Statement of Assets
and Trust Corpus as of December 31, 2022, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the unaudited interim condensed
financial statements as of June 30, 2023 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, have been prepared
pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information
and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and
regulations.





3









The preparation of financial statements requires
the Trust to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Trustee believes such information includes all the disclosures necessary to make
the information presented not misleading. The information furnished reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of the Trustee,
necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim period presented. The financial information should be read in conjunction
with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2022.





Note 3. Trust Accounting Policies



The Trust uses the modified cash basis of accounting
to report receipts of the net profits interest and payments of expenses incurred. The net profits interest represents the right to receive
revenues (oil and natural gas sales), less direct operating expenses (lease operating expenses, lease maintenance, lease overhead, and
production and property taxes) and an adjustment for lease equipment costs and lease development expenses (which are capitalized in financial
statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”))
of the underlying properties, times 80%. Actual cash receipts may vary due to timing delays of actual cash receipts from the property
operators or purchasers and due to wellhead and pipeline volume balancing agreements or practices. The actual cash distributions of the
Trust will be made based on the terms of the conveyance creating the Trust’s net profits interest. Expenses of the Trust, which
include accounting, engineering, legal and other professional fees, Trustee fees, an administrative fee paid to VOC Brazos and out-of-pocket
expenses, are recognized when paid. Under U.S. GAAP, revenues and expenses would be recognized on an accrual basis. Amortization of the
investment in net profits interest is recorded on a unit-of-production method in the period in which the cash is received with respect
to such production. Such amortization does not reduce distributable income, rather it is charged directly to Trust corpus.



This comprehensive basis of accounting other than
U.S. GAAP corresponds to the accounting permitted for royalty trusts by the SEC as specified by Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 12:E,
Financial Statements of Royalty Trusts.



Investment in the net profits interest was recorded
initially at the historical cost of VOC Brazos and is periodically assessed to determine whether its aggregate value has been impaired
below its total capitalized cost based on the underlying properties. The Trust will provide a write-down to its investment in the net
profits interest if and when total capitalized costs, less accumulated amortization, exceeds undiscounted future net revenues attributable
to the proved oil and gas reserves of the underlying properties. There was no impairment of the investment in the net profits interest
during the quarters ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.



No new accounting pronouncements were adopted or
issued during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 that would impact the financial statements of the Trust.



Note 4. Investment in Net Profits Interest



The net profits interest was recorded at the historical
cost of VOC Brazos on May 10, 2011, the date of the conveyance of the net profits interest to the Trust, and was calculated as follows:



|Oil and gas properties                  |  | $ | 197,270,173 |  
|--------------------------------------- |  | - | ----------- | -
|Accumulated depreciation and depletion  |  |   | (17,681,155 | )
|Hedge liability                         |  |   | (1,717,713  | )
|20-year asset retirement liability      |  |   | (2,131,797  | )
|Net property to be conveyed             |  |   | 175,739,508 |  
|Times 80% net profits interest to Trust |  | $ | 140,591,606 |  





4









Note 5. Income from Net Profits Interest





|                                                                                               |  | Three months ended June 30, |           |   | Six months ended June 30, |  
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  | --------------------------- | --------- | - | ------------------------- | -
|                                                                                               |  | 2023                        |           |   | 2022                      |  
|Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs(1) |  | $                           | 5,277,552 |   |                           | $
|Times 80% net profits interest to Trust                                                        |  |                             | 80        | % |                           |  
|Income from net profits interest before reserve adjustments                                    |  |                             | 4,222,042 |   |                           |  
|VOC Brazos reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures(2)            |  |                             | —         |   |                           |  
|Income from net profits interest(3)                                                            |  | $                           | 4,222,042 |   |                           | $












| | (1) | Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs reflect expenses and costs incurred by
VOC Brazos during each of the December through February production periods for the three months ended June 30 and during
each of the September through February production periods for the six months ended June 30. Pursuant to the terms of the
conveyance of the net profits interest, lease equipment and development costs are to be deducted when calculating the distributable income
to the Trust.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (2) | Pursuant to the terms of the conveyance of the net profits interest, VOC Brazos can reserve up to $1.0 million for future development,
maintenance or operating expenditures at any time. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the six months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022, VOC Brazos did not withhold or release any dollar amounts due to the Trust from the reserve. The reserve
balance was $1.0 million at June 30, 2023 and 2022.
| | --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (3) | The income from net profits interest is based upon the cash receipts from VOC Brazos for the oil and gas production. The revenues
from oil production are typically received by VOC Brazos one month after production; thus, the cash received by the Trust during the three
months ended June 30, 2023 substantially represents production by VOC Brazos from December 2022 through February 2023,
and the cash received by the Trust during the three months ended June 30, 2022 substantially represents production by VOC Brazos
from December 2021 through February 2022.  The cash received by the Trust during the six months ended June 30, 2023
substantially represents production by VOC Brazos from September 2022 through February 2023, and the cash received by the Trust
during the six months ended June 30, 2022 substantially represents production by VOC Brazos from September 2021 through February 2022.
| | --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



For the three and six months ended June 30,
2023 and 2022, MV Purchasing, LLC, an affiliate of VOC Brazos, purchased a significant portion of the production of the underlying properties.
Sales to MV Purchasing, LLC are under short-term arrangements, ranging from one to six months, using market sensitive pricing.



Note 6. Income Taxes



The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and is
not required to pay federal or state income taxes. Accordingly, no provision for federal or state income taxes has been made.



Note 7. Distributions to Unitholders



VOC
Brazos makes quarterly payments of the net profits interest to the Trust. The Trustee determines for each quarter the amount available
for distribution to the Trust unitholders. This distribution is expected to be made on or before the 45th day following the end of each
quarter to the Trust unitholders of record on the 30th day of the month following the end of each quarter (or the next succeeding business
day). Such amounts will be equal to the excess, if any, of the cash received by the Trust relating to the preceding quarter, over the
expenses of the Trust paid for such quarter, subject to adjustments for changes made by the Trustee during such quarter in any cash reserves
established for future expenses of the Trust. Beginning in the first quarter of 2022, the Trustee withheld a portion of the proceeds
otherwise available for distribution each quarter to build a reserve of approximately $1.175 million for the payment of future known,
anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities of the Trust. The Trustee may increase or decrease the targeted amount at any time and
may increase or decrease the rate at which it is withholding funds to build the cash reserve at any time, without advance notice to the
unitholders. Cash held in reserve will be invested as required by the Trust Agreement. Any cash reserved in excess of the amount necessary
to pay or provide for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities eventually will be distributed to
unitholders, together with interest earned on the funds. The targeted $1.175 million cash reserve was fully funded by February 2023
and is included in cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying Condensed Statements of Assets and Trust Corpus.





5











The first quarterly distribution during 2023 was
$3,910,000, or $0.23 per Trust Unit, and was made on February 14, 2023 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of January 30,
2023. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from October 1, 2022 through December 31,
2022 and was net of $231,030 withheld by the Trustee towards the building of the cash reserve described above and with that amount, the
targeted reserve was fully funded.



The second quarterly distribution during 2023 was
$3,910,000, or $0.23 per Trust Unit, and was made on May 12, 2023 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of May 1, 2023.
Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from January 1, 2023 through March 31, 2023.



The first quarterly distribution during 2022 was
$4,250,000, or $0.25 per Trust Unit, and was made on February 14, 2022 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of February 1,
2022. Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from October 1, 2021 through December 31,
2021 and was net of $182,917 withheld by the Trustee towards the building of the cash reserve described above.



The second quarterly distribution during 2022 was
$4,760,000, or $0.28 per Trust Unit, and was made on May 13, 2022 to Trust unitholders owning Trust Units as of May 2, 2022.
Such distribution included the net proceeds of production collected by VOC Brazos from January 1, 2022 through March 31, 2022
and was net of $182,917 withheld by the Trustee towards the building of the cash reserve described above.



Note 8. Advance for Trust Expenses



Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, the Trustee
is allowed to borrow money to pay Trust expenses. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were no borrowings
or amounts owed for money borrowed in previous quarters. Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, VOC Brazos has provided a letter of credit
in the amount of $1.7 million to the Trustee to protect the Trust against the risk that it does not have sufficient cash to pay future
expenses.



Note 9. Subsequent Events



On July 20, 2023, the Trust announced a Trust
distribution of net profits for the second quarterly payment period ended June 30, 2023. Unitholders of record on July 31, 2023
will receive a distribution amounting to $3,570,000, or $0.21 per Trust Unit, which will be paid on August 14, 2023.





6







Item 2. Trustee’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations.





The following discussion of the Trust’s financial
condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto. The Trust’s purpose
is, in general, to hold the net profits interest, to distribute to the Trust unitholders cash that the Trust receives in respect of the
net profits interest and to perform certain administrative functions in respect of the net profits interest and the Trust Units. The Trust
derives substantially all of its income and cash flows from the net profits interest. All information regarding operations has been provided
to the Trustee by VOC Brazos.



Results of Operations



Results of Operations for the Quarters Ended June 30,
2023 and 2022



The following is a summary of income from net profits
interest received by the Trust for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisting of the April distribution for each
respective year:



|                                                                                            |  | Three months ended June 30, |          
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  | --------------------------- | ---------
|                                                                                            |  | 2023                        |          
|Sales volumes:                                                                              |  |                             |          
|Oil (Bbl)                                                                                   |  |                             | 120,771  
|Natural gas (Mcf)                                                                           |  |                             | 74,644   
|Total (BOE)                                                                                 |  |                             | 133,212  
|Average sales prices:                                                                       |  |                             |          
|Oil (per Bbl)                                                                               |  | $                           | 74.16    
|Natural gas (per Mcf)                                                                       |  | $                           | 5.37     
|Gross proceeds:                                                                             |  |                             |          
|Oil sales                                                                                   |  | $                           | 8,955,923
|Natural gas sales                                                                           |  |                             | 401,092  
|Total gross proceeds                                                                        |  |                             | 9,357,015
|Costs:                                                                                      |  |                             |          
|Production and development costs:                                                           |  |                             |          
|Lease operating expenses                                                                    |  |                             | 3,637,884
|Production and property taxes                                                               |  |                             | 279,484  
|Development expenses                                                                        |  |                             | 162,095  
|Total costs                                                                                 |  |                             | 4,079,463
|                                                                                            |  |                             |          
|Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs |  |                             | 5,277,552
|Times net profits interest over the term of the Trust                                       |  |                             | 80       
|Income from net profits interest before reserve adjustments                                 |  |                             | 4,222,042
|VOC Brazos reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures            |  |                             | —        
|Income from net profits interest                                                            |  | $                           | 4,222,042



The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos
during the quarter ended June 30, 2023 substantially represents the production by VOC Brazos from December 2022 through February 2023.
The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos during the quarter ended June 30, 2022 substantially represents the production
by VOC Brazos from December 2021 through February 2022. The revenues from oil production are typically received by VOC Brazos
one month after production.



Gross
proceeds. Oil and natural gas sales were $9,357,015 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $1,017,544
or 9.8% from $10,374,559 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Revenues are a function of oil and natural gas sales prices and
volumes sold. The decrease in gross proceeds was due to decreases in market prices for oil and natural gas and a decrease in oil and natural
gas sales volumes during the second quarter of 2023. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the average price for oil decreased
6.0% to $74.16 per Bbl and the average price for natural gas decreased 16.6% to $5.37 per Mcf. Oil sales volumes were 120,771 Bbls for
the three months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of 4,168 Bbls or 3.3% from 124,939 Bbls for the three months ended June 30,
2022, while natural gas sales volumes were 74,644 Mcf, a decrease of 5,779 Mcf or 7.2% from 80,423 Mcf for the same period in 2022.





7







Costs.
Lease operating expenses were $3,637,884 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $391,355 or 12.1% from $3,246,529
for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Production and property taxes were $279,484 for the three months ended June 30, 2023,
a decrease of $38,935 or 12.2% from $318,419 for the same period in 2022. Such decrease is the result of a $33,493 decrease in production
taxes, primarily due to lower sales prices, and a $5,442 decrease in property taxes. Development expenses were $162,095 for the three
months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $168,540 or 51.0% from $330,635 for the same period in 2022. Such decrease was primarily
due to decreased development expenses during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the three months ended June 30,
2022.





Excess
of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs. The excess of revenues over direct operating
expenses and lease equipment and development costs from the underlying properties was $5,277,552 for the three months ended June 30,
2023, a decrease of $1,201,424 or 18.5% from $6,478,976 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The Trust’s 80% net profits
interest of these totals was $4,222,042 and $5,183,181, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, VOC Brazos
did not withhold or release any dollar amounts due to the Trust from the previously established cash reserve for future development, maintenance
or operating expenditures, which resulted in income from the net profits interest of $4,222,042 and $5,183,181 for such periods, respectively.
These amounts were reduced by a Trust holdback for current estimated Trust expenses of $312,042 and $240,264 for the three months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and a Trust holdback for future estimated Trust expenses of $182,917 for the three months ended
June 30, 2022. The Trustee paid general and administrative expenses of $235,865 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, a
decrease of $1,334 from $237,199 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. These factors resulted in distributable income for the
three months ended June 30, 2023 of $3,910,000, a decrease of $850,000 from $4,760,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2022.



Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
and 2022



The following is a summary of income from net profits
interest received by the Trust for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 consisting of the January and April distributions
for each respective year:



|                                                                                            |  | Six months ended June 30, |           
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  | ------------------------- | ----------
|                                                                                            |  | 2023                      |           
|Sales volumes:                                                                              |  |                           |           
|Oil (Bbl)                                                                                   |  |                           | 248,371   
|Natural gas (Mcf)                                                                           |  |                           | 158,145   
|Total (BOE)                                                                                 |  |                           | 274,729   
|Average sales prices:                                                                       |  |                           |           
|Oil (per Bbl)                                                                               |  | $                         | 78.56     
|Natural gas (per Mcf)                                                                       |  | $                         | 6.58      
|Gross proceeds:                                                                             |  |                           |           
|Oil sales                                                                                   |  | $                         | 19,512,430
|Natural gas sales                                                                           |  |                           | 1,040,163 
|Total gross proceeds                                                                        |  |                           | 20,552,593
|Costs:                                                                                      |  |                           |           
|Production and development costs:                                                           |  |                           |           
|Lease operating expenses                                                                    |  |                           | 7,660,187 
|Production and property taxes                                                               |  |                           | 1,173,442 
|Development expenses                                                                        |  |                           | 1,030,472 
|Total costs                                                                                 |  |                           | 9,864,101 
|                                                                                            |  |                           |           
|Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs |  |                           | 10,688,492
|Times net profits interest over the term of the Trust                                       |  |                           | 80        
|Income from net profits interest before reserve adjustments                                 |  |                           | 8,550,794 
|VOC Brazos reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenditures            |  |                           | —         
|Income from net profits interest                                                            |  | $                         | 8,550,794 





8









The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos
during the six months ended June 30, 2023 substantially represents the production by VOC Brazos from September 2022 through
February 2023.  The cash received by the Trust from VOC Brazos during the six months ended June 30, 2022 substantially
represents the production by VOC Brazos from September 2021 through February 2022. The revenues from oil production are typically
received by VOC Brazos one month after production.





Gross
proceeds.  Oil and natural gas sales were $20,552,593 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of $329,032
or 1.6% from $20,881,625 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.  Revenues are a function of oil and natural gas sales prices
and volumes sold. The decrease in gross proceeds was due to decreases in oil and natural gas sales volumes, partially offset by increases
in market prices for oil and natural gas during the six months ended June 30, 2023. During the six months ended June 30, 2023,
the average price for oil increased 3.1% to $78.56 per Bbl and the average price for natural gas increased 7.9% to $6.58 per Mcf. Oil
sales volumes were 248,371 Bbls for the six months ended June 30, 2023, a decrease of 12,330 Bbls or 4.7% from 260,701 Bbls for the
six months ended June 30, 2022, while natural gas sales volumes were 158,145 Mcf, a decrease of 6,910 Mcf or 4.2% from 165,055 Mcf
for the same period in 2022.



Costs. 
Lease operating expenses were $7,660,187 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $954,764 or 14.2% from $6,705,423
for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Production and property taxes were $1,173,442 for the six months ended June 30, 2023,
an increase of $189,232 or 19.2% from $984,210 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Such increase is the result of a $194,674
increase in production taxes, primarily due to higher sales prices, partially offset by a $5,442 decrease in property taxes. Development
expenses were $1,030,472 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $207,689 or 25.2% from $822,783 for the same period
in 2022. Of this increase, approximately $200,000 is associated with the completion costs of two horizontal wells in Texas with the remainder
being attributable to increased development expenses during the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to the six months ended
June 30, 2022.



Excess
of revenues over direct operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs. The excess of revenues over direct
operating expenses and lease equipment and development costs from the underlying properties was $10,688,492 for the six months ended June 30,
2023, a decrease of $1,680,717 or 13.6% from $12,369,209 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The Trust’s 80% net profits
interest of these totals was $8,550,794 and $9,895,367, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, VOC Brazos
did not withhold or release any dollar amounts due to the Trust from the previously established cash reserve for future development, maintenance
or operating expenditures, which resulted in income from the net profits interest of $8,550,794 and $9,895,367 for such periods, respectively. 
These amounts were reduced by a Trust holdback for current estimated Trust expenses of $499,764 and $519,533 for the six months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and a Trust holdback for future estimated Trust expenses of $231,030 and $365,834 for the six
months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Trustee paid general and administrative expenses of $611,428 for the six months
ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $464 from $610,964 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. These factors resulted in
distributable income of $7,820,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and $9,010,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.



Liquidity and Capital Resources



Other than Trust administrative expenses, including
any reserves established by the Trustee for future liabilities, the Trust’s only use of cash is for distributions to Trust unitholders.
Administrative expenses include payments to the Trustee as well as a quarterly administrative fee to VOC Brazos pursuant to an administrative
services agreement.  Each quarter, the Trustee determines the amount of funds available for distribution. Available funds are the
excess cash, if any, received by the Trust from the net profits interest and other sources (such as interest earned on any amounts reserved
by the Trustee) in that quarter, over the Trust’s expenses paid for that quarter.  Available funds are reduced by any cash
that the Trustee decides to reserve for future development, maintenance or operating expenses. As of June 30, 2023, $1,368,243 was
held by the Trustee as such a reserve.



The
Trustee may cause the Trust to borrow funds required to pay expenses if the Trustee determines that the cash on hand and the cash to be
received are insufficient to cover the Trust’s expenses.  If the Trust borrows funds, the Trust unitholders will not receive
distributions until the borrowed funds are repaid.  During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, there were
no such borrowings. VOC Brazos has provided a letter of credit in the amount of $1.7 million to the Trustee to protect the Trust
against the risk that it does not have sufficient cash to pay future expenses.



Beginning in the first quarter of 2022, the Trustee
withheld a portion of the proceeds otherwise available for distribution each quarter to gradually build a $1.175 million cash reserve
for the payment of future known, anticipated, or contingent expenses or liabilities of the Trust. This amount is in addition to the $1.7
million letter of credit described above. The Trustee may increase or decrease the targeted amount at any time and may increase or decrease
the rate at which it is withholding funds to build the cash reserve at any time, without advance notice to the unitholders. Cash held
in reserve will be invested as required by the Trust Agreement. Any cash reserved in excess of the amount necessary to pay or provide
for the payment of future known, anticipated or contingent expenses or liabilities eventually will be distributed to unitholders, together
with interest earned on the funds. The targeted $1.175 million cash reserve was fully funded as of January 30, 2023.





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Income to the Trust from the net profits interest
is based on the calculation and definitions of “gross proceeds” and “net proceeds” contained in the conveyance.



As substantially all of the underlying properties
are located in mature fields, VOC Brazos does not expect future costs for the underlying properties to change significantly compared to
recent historical costs other than changes due to fluctuations in the general cost of oilfield services.  VOC Brazos may establish
a cash reserve of up to $1.0 million in the aggregate at any given time from the dollar amount otherwise distributable to the Trust to
reduce the impact on distributions of uneven capital expenditure timing. The cash reserve balance was $1.0 million at June 30, 2023
and 2022.



Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements



This Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking
statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical fact included in
this Form 10-Q, including without limitation the statements under “Trustee’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations”, are forward-looking statements. Although VOC Brazos advised the Trust that it believes that the expectations
reflected in the forward-looking statements contained herein are reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations will prove
to have been correct. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations (“Cautionary Statements”)
are disclosed in this Form 10-Q and in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022
(the “Form 10-K”), including under the section “Item 1A. Risk Factors”. All subsequent written and oral
forward-looking statements attributable to the Trust or persons acting on its behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the
Cautionary Statements.



Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.



The Trust is a smaller reporting company as defined
by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and is not required to provide the information under this Item.



Item 4. Controls and Procedures.



Evaluation
of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.The Trustee maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that
information required to be disclosed by the Trust in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed,
summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Disclosure controls
and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust is accumulated
and communicated by VOC Brazos to the Trustee, as trustee of the Trust, and its employees who participate in the preparation of the Trust’s
periodic reports as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.



As of the end of the period covered by this report,
the Trustee carried out an evaluation of the Trust’s disclosure controls and procedures. A Trust Officer of the Trustee has concluded
that the disclosure controls and procedures of the Trust are effective.



Due to the contractual arrangements of (i) the
Trust Agreement and (ii) the conveyance of the net profits interest, the Trustee relies on (A) information provided by VOC Brazos,
including historical operating data, plans for future operating and capital expenditures, reserve information and information relating
to projected production and (B) conclusions and reports regarding reserves by the Trust’s independent reserve engineers. See
 “Risk Factors—Neither the trust nor the trust’s unitholders have the ability to influence VOC Brazos or control the
operations or development of the underlying properties” in the Form 10-K.



Changes
in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.During the quarter ended June 30, 2023, there was no change in the
Trust’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. The Trustee notes for purposes of clarification that it has no authority over,
and makes no statement concerning, the internal control over financial reporting of VOC Brazos.





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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION





Item 1A. Risk Factors.



There have not been any material changes from the
risk factors previously disclosed in the Trust’s response to Item 1A to Part I of the Form 10-K.



Item 6. Exhibits.



The exhibits listed below are filed or furnished
as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.



|Exhibit
Number |  | Description                                                            
|-------------- |  | -----------------------------------------------------------------------
|31             |  | Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|               |  |                                                                        
|32             |  | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002





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SIGNATURES





Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



| | VOC ENERGY TRUST
| | ----------------
| |                 
| | By:             
| |                 
| | By:             
| |                 
| |                 



Date: August 10, 2023



The Registrant, VOC Energy Trust, has no principal
executive officer, principal financial officer, board of directors or persons performing similar functions. Accordingly, no additional
signatures are available and none have been provided. In signing the report above, the Trustee does not imply that it has performed any
such function or that such function exists pursuant to the terms of the Trust Agreement under which it serves.





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