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[Congressional Bills 103th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 3948 Introduced in House (IH)]

103d CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                H. R. 3948

           To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

_______________________________________________________________________

                    IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

                             March 3, 1994

  Mr. Mineta (for himself and Mr. Boehlert) introduced the following 
     bill; which was referred to the Committee on Public Works and 
                             Transportation

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
           To amend the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Water Quality Act 
of 1994''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definition.
Sec. 3. Amendment of Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
                 TITLE I--RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS

Sec. 101. National goals and policies.
                     TITLE II--CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

Sec. 201. Uses of funds.
Sec. 202. Recovery of operation and maintenance costs.
Sec. 203. Sewage collection systems.
Sec. 204. Treatment works defined.
Sec. 205. Value engineering review.
Sec. 206. Grants for construction of treatment works.
                  TITLE III--STANDARDS AND ENFORCEMENT

Sec. 301. Innovative technology.
Sec. 302. Antidegradation.
Sec. 303. Mixing zones.
Sec. 304. Guidance on water quality standards for arid areas.
Sec. 305. Effluent limitations.
Sec. 306. Water quality reports.
Sec. 307. Citizen water quality monitoring program.
Sec. 308. Toxic pollutants.
Sec. 309. Federal enforcement.
Sec. 310. Federal facilities.
Sec. 311. Nonpoint source management programs.
Sec. 312. National estuary program.
Sec. 313. Pollution prevention.
Sec. 314. State watershed management programs.
                     TITLE IV--PERMITS AND LICENSES

Sec. 401. State permit programs.
Sec. 402. Stormwater discharge permits.
Sec. 403. Combined sewer overflows.
Sec. 404. Discharges into ground water.
Sec. 405. Beneficial use of biosolids.
                      TITLE V--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Sec. 501. Needs estimate.
Sec. 502. Emergency powers.
Sec. 503. Citizen suits.
Sec. 504. General program authorizations.
Sec. 505. Native American programs.
        TITLE VI--STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REVOLVING FUNDS

Sec. 601. Water use efficiency measures.
Sec. 602. Guidance for small communities.
Sec. 603. Types of assistance.
Sec. 604. Allotment of funds.
Sec. 605. Authorization of appropriations.
                  TITLE VII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Sec. 701. Financial assistance for international wastewater treatment 
                            facilities.
Sec. 702. Wastewater service for colonias.
Sec. 703. Pollution from mobile sources.
Sec. 704. Technical amendments.

SEC. 2. DEFINITION.

    In this Act, the term ``Administrator'' means the ``Administrator 
of the Environmental Protection Agency''.

SEC. 3. AMENDMENT OF FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT.

    Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an 
amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal 
of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to 
be made to a section or other provision of the Federal Water Pollution 
Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1251-1387).

                 TITLE I--RESEARCH AND RELATED PROGRAMS

SEC. 101. NATIONAL GOALS AND POLICIES.

    (a) Pollution Prevention.--Section 101(a) (33 U.S.C. 1251(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (6);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (7) and 
        inserting a semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) it is the national policy that pollution of navigable 
        waters should be prevented and reduced at the source of the 
        pollution whenever feasible;''.
    (b) Fishable, Swimmable, and Drinkable.--Section 101(a) is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) it is the national policy that the Nation's waters 
        achieve a level of quality appropriate as a source of water for 
        human consumption;''.
    (c) Ground Water.--Section 101(a) is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(10) it is the national policy to protect, in an 
        integrated manner, the quality of the Nation's waters, 
        including ground water that has a direct hydrologic connection 
        to surface water;''.
    (d) Reclamation and Reuse.--
            (1) Reclamation.--Section 101(a)(4) is amended by inserting 
        after ``works'' the following: ``and to reclaim waste water 
        from municipal and industrial sources''.
            (2) Beneficial reuse.--Section 101(a) is further amended by 
        adding at the end the following:
            ``(11) it is the national policy that beneficial reuse of 
        waste water effluent, residuals, and byproducts be encouraged 
        to the fullest extent possible; and''.
    (e) Water Use Efficiency.--Section 101(a) is further amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(12) it is the national policy that water use efficiency 
        be encouraged to the fullest extent possible.''.

                     TITLE II--CONSTRUCTION GRANTS

SEC. 201. USES OF FUNDS.

    (a) Removal of Limitation.--Section 201(g)(1) (33 U.S.C. 
1281(g)(1)) is amended by striking the period at the end of the first 
sentence and all that follows through the period at the end of the last 
sentence and inserting the following: ``and for any purpose for which a 
grant may be made under sections 319(h) and 319(i) of this Act 
(including any innovative and alternative approaches for the control of 
nonpoint sources of pollution).''.
    (b) Consideration of Water Use Efficiency.--Section 201(g)(2) (33 
U.S.C. 201(g)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (A);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (B) 
        and inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
            ``(C) water use efficiency options have been studied and 
        evaluated and, to the extent practicable and cost effective, 
        implemented.''.

SEC. 202. RECOVERY OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS.

    Section 204(b)(1) (33 U.S.C. 1284(b)(1)) is amended by striking 
``and (B)'' and inserting the following: ``(B) has adopted or will 
adopt a system of charges that will recover the costs of operation and 
maintenance (including replacement and rehabilitation) of treatment 
works within the applicant's jurisdiction; and (C)''.

SEC. 203. SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEMS.

    Section 211(a) (33 U.S.C. 1291(a)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (1) by striking ``an existing collection 
        system'' and inserting ``a collection system existing on the 
        date of the enactment of the Water Quality Act of 1994'';
            (2) in clause (2) by striking ``an existing community'' and 
        inserting ``a community existing on such date of enactment''; 
        and
            (3) in clause (2) by inserting after ``sufficient 
        existing'' the following: ``on such date of enactment''.

SEC. 204. TREATMENT WORKS DEFINED.

    (a) Inclusion of Other Lands.--Section 212(2)(A) (33 U.S.C. 
1292(2)(A)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``any works, including site'';
            (2) by striking ``is used for ultimate'' and inserting 
        ``will be used for ultimate''; and
            (3) by inserting before the period at the end the 
        following: ``and acquisition of other lands, and interests in 
        lands, which are necessary for construction''.
    (b) Policy on Cost Effectiveness.--Section 218(a) (33 U.S.C. 
1298(a)) is amended by striking ``combination of devices and systems'' 
and all that follows through ``from such treatment;'' and inserting 
``treatment works;''.

SEC. 205. VALUE ENGINEERING REVIEW.

    Section 218(c) (33 U.S.C. 1298(c)) is amended by striking 
``$10,000,000'' and inserting ``$25,000,000''.

SEC. 206. GRANTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TREATMENT WORKS.

    (a) General Authority.--The Administrator shall make grants under 
title II of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act for the purpose of 
constructing treatment works to serve the following localities and in 
the following amounts:
            (1) Boston, Massachusetts, $153,000,000.
            (2) New York, New York, $70,000,000.
            (3) Los Angeles, California, $50,000,000.
            (4) Los Angeles County, California, $50,000,000.
            (5) Seattle, Washington, $35,000,000.
            (6) Wayne County, Michigan, $82,000,000 for the Rouge River 
        National Wet Weather Demonstration Project.
    (b) Funding.--The Administrator shall carry out this section using 
amounts which were appropriated before the date of the enactment of 
this Act and which are available for making grants described in 
subsection (a).
    (c) Boston, Massachusetts.--
            (1) Grants.--The Administrator may make grants under title 
        II of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act to Boston, 
        Massachusetts, for the purpose of constructing treatment works.
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $100,000,000 
        for fiscal year 1995. Such sums shall remain available until 
        expended.

                  TITLE III--STANDARDS AND ENFORCEMENT

SEC. 301. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY.

    Section 301(k) (33 U.S.C. 1311(k)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``lower costs'' and all that follows 
        through ``achievable,'' and inserting ``reducing the release of 
        pollutants to other media,'';
            (2) by striking ``a date'' and inserting ``a schedule for 
        compliance'';
            (3) by inserting ``which includes a date for such 
        compliance'' before ``no later than''; and
            (4) by striking ``two years'' and inserting ``3 years''.

SEC. 302. ANTIDEGRADATION.

    Section 303 (33 U.S.C. 1313) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsections (f), (g), and (h) as 
        subsections (h), (i), and (j), respectively; and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:
    ``(f) Antidegradation Policy.--
            ``(1) In general.--Not later than the last day of the 24-
        month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this 
        paragraph, each State shall develop and submit to the 
        Administrator for approval a statewide antidegradation policy, 
        including implementation procedures for such policy.
            ``(2) Minimum requirements.--An antidegradation policy 
        under this subsection shall, at a minimum--
                    ``(A) identify existing instream water uses, 
                including any uses occurring on or after November 28, 
                1975, and provide for maintenance and protection of 
                water quality necessary to protect such uses;
                    ``(B) provide for maintenance and protection of the 
                water quality of any waters the quality of which are in 
                excess of the levels necessary to support the 
                protection and propagation of a balanced population of 
                fish, shellfish, and wildlife, and recreation in and on 
                the water;
                    ``(C) provide that if the State finds, after notice 
                and opportunity for comment and full satisfaction of 
                the intergovernmental coordination provisions of the 
                continuing planning process of the State, that allowing 
                a reduction in the degree of water quality with respect 
                to any waters described in subparagraph (B) is 
                necessary to accommodate important economic or social 
                development in the area in which the waters are 
                located, the State may reduce the level of maintenance 
                and protection required under subparagraph (B) with 
                respect to such waters if the State notifies the 
                Administrator of such finding and waiver at least 30 
                days before such waiver takes effect and if the State--
                            ``(i) ensures a degree of water quality 
                        adequate to maintain and protect existing uses 
                        (as described in subparagraph (A));
                            ``(ii) ensures that all new and existing 
                        point sources which discharge pollutants into 
                        such waters, and each industrial user 
                        introducing pollutants into a publicly owned 
                        treatment works which discharges pollutants 
                        into such waters, are subject to all applicable 
                        requirements of this Act; and
                            ``(iii) ensures that all new and existing 
                        nonpoint sources within the State that affect 
                        or are likely to affect the water quality of 
                        such waters are subject to all applicable 
                        requirements of this Act;
                    ``(D) provide for establishment and implementation 
                by the State of a program to maintain and protect any 
                high quality waters which the State designates as 
                outstanding national resource waters; except that the 
                State may allow necessary short-term or temporary 
                exceedances;
                    ``(E) designate as outstanding national resource 
                waters within the boundaries of the State all waters 
                within a national park (other than a park located in an 
                urbanized area, as defined by the Bureau of the Census 
                of the Department of Commerce) or national wilderness 
                area and any waters of exceptional recreational or 
                ecological significance; except that the State may 
                propose not to designate specific waters as outstanding 
                national resource waters, and the Administrator may 
                approve, after notice and opportunity for comment, the 
                proposal--
                            ``(i) if the State demonstrates to the 
                        satisfaction of the Administrator that the 
                        designation would result in important social 
                        and economic harms; and
                            ``(ii) if, in the case of waters located 
                        within Federal lands, the Federal manager of 
                        the lands concurs with the State proposal;
                    ``(F) allow any citizen of the State to petition 
                the State for the designation of any waters as 
                outstanding national resource waters; and
                    ``(G) provide that a permitting authority under 
                section 402 shall conduct an antidegradation review for 
                waters before issuing or reissuing any permit under 
                section 402 for a point source if such permit 
                authorizes any new, expanded, or increased discharge of 
                a pollutant into receiving waters; except that a review 
                shall not be required for an existing discharge 
                unless--
                            ``(i) the discharger is proposing to 
                        increase an existing effluent limitation under 
                        its permit; or
                            ``(ii) a new effluent limitation is 
                        required in the permit of the discharger for a 
                        pollutant that was not previously subjected to 
                        an effluent limitation in the permit or 
                        addressed in the permit.
            ``(3) Approval or disapproval.--
                    ``(A) Deadline.--Subject to subparagraph (B), not 
                later than 180 days after the date of submission to the 
                Administrator of any antidegradation policy under this 
                subsection, the Administrator shall either approve or 
                disapprove such policy. If the Administrator does not 
                disapprove a policy in such 180-day period, such policy 
                shall be deemed approved for purposes of this 
                subsection.
                    ``(B) Procedure for disapproval.--If, after notice 
                and opportunity for public comment and consultation 
                with appropriate Federal and State agencies and other 
                interested persons, the Administrator determines that 
                the proposed policy does not meet the requirements of 
                this subsection or is not likely to satisfy the goals 
                and requirements of this Act, the Administrator shall 
                within 6 months of the receipt of the proposed policy 
                notify the State of any revisions or modifications 
                necessary to obtain approval. The State shall thereupon 
                have an additional 3 months to submit its revised 
                policy and the Administrator shall approve or 
                disapprove such revised policy within 3 months of 
                receipt.
                    ``(C) Failure of state to submit policy.--If a 
                State does not submit the policy required by paragraphs 
                (1) and (2) within the 24-month period beginning on the 
                date of the enactment of this subparagraph, the 
                Administrator shall, within 30 months after such date 
                of enactment, prepare an antidegradation policy for 
                such State which meets the requirements of this 
                subsection.
                    ``(D) Report.--Upon completion of action under 
                subparagraph (C) and after notice and opportunity for 
                comment, the Administrator shall report to Congress on 
                the actions taken by the Administrator under 
                subparagraph (C).
            ``(4) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
        the enactment of this subparagraph, the Administrator shall 
        publish guidance for States to assist in the designation and 
        protection of outstanding national resource waters, including a 
        description of necessary short-term or temporary exceedances of 
        the antidegradation policy with respect to such waters.''.

SEC. 303. MIXING ZONES.

    Section 303 (33 U.S.C. 1313) is further amended by inserting before 
subsection (h), as redesignated by section 301 of this Act, the 
following:
    ``(g) Mixing Zones.--
            ``(1) List.--The Administrator shall establish, by 
        regulation, a list of persistent, acutely toxic, or 
        bioaccumulative chemicals which pose a sufficient risk to human 
        health and the environment that the use of mixing zones with 
        respect to such chemicals should be restricted or prohibited.
            ``(2) Prohibition or restriction on use of mixing zones.--
        The Administrator may issue regulations to prohibit or restrict 
        the use of mixing zones with respect to chemicals included on 
        the list established pursuant to paragraph (1).
            ``(3) Applicability.--Any prohibition or restriction 
        established pursuant to paragraph (2) shall only apply to 
        permits issued under section 402 after the last day of the 5-
        year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this 
        subsection.
            ``(4) Limitation on statutory construction.--Nothing in 
        this subsection shall be construed as limiting or otherwise 
        affecting any authority of the Administrator or a State 
        regarding the use of mixing zones.''.

SEC. 304. GUIDANCE ON WATER QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ARID AREAS.

    Section 304(a) (33 U.S.C. 1314(a)) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:
            ``(9) Guidance on standards for arid areas.--Not later than 
        1 year after the date of the enactment of this paragraph, the 
        Administrator shall develop and publish guidance to the States 
        on development and adoption of water quality standards 
        applicable to arid areas.''.

SEC. 305. EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS.

    Section 304 (33 U.S.C. 1314) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(n) Effluent Limitations for Discharges into Ground Waters.--Not 
later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, 
the Administrator shall, after consultation with appropriate Federal 
and State agencies and other interested persons, publish regulations 
providing guidance for effluent limitations for discharges into the 
ground or ground water that are subject to permit requirements pursuant 
to section 402(r)(1).''.

SEC. 306. WATER QUALITY REPORTS.

    (a) Effectiveness of Municipal and Industrial Stormwater Permit 
Program.--Section 305(b)(1) (33 U.S.C. 1315(b)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of subparagraph (D);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (E); 
        and
            (3) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following:
            ``(F) an assessment of the effectiveness of the municipal 
        and industrial stormwater permit program being carried out 
        under section 402 (including an assessment of management 
        measures being implemented under such program) and the progress 
        being made toward attainment of water quality standards under 
        this Act through the implementation of such program; and''.
    (b) Quality of Ground Water.--Section 305(b)(1) is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
            ``(G) a description of the quality of the ground water in 
        such State and an evaluation of how the pollution of ground 
        water, surface water, aquatic sediment, and wetlands in such 
        State are related.''.
    (c) Biennial Reports; Listing of Nonattainment Waters.--Section 
305(b)(2) (33 U.S.C. 1315(b)(2)) is amended by striking ``transmit'' 
and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the 
following: ``transmit to Congress on or before October 1, 1976, and 
biennially thereafter such State reports, together with an analysis 
thereof. The Administrator may add, to the list of waters in a State 
which are not meeting applicable water quality standards under this 
Act, any other waters in the State which are not meeting applicable 
water quality standards under this Act.''.

SEC. 307. CITIZEN WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM.

    Section 305 (33 U.S.C. 1315) is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(c) Citizen Water Quality Monitoring Program.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator shall allow a State to 
        use not more than 5 percent of the amount made available to the 
        State under section 319(h) in any fiscal year beginning after 
        the date of the enactment of this subsection or $100,000 
        (whichever amount is greater for such fiscal year) to establish 
        and carry out a citizen water quality monitoring program in 
        accordance with this subsection.
            ``(2) Implementation.--A State may carry out a citizen 
        water quality monitoring program under this subsection either 
        directly or by entering into cooperative agreements or 
        contracts with appropriate organizations, including educational 
        institutions.
            ``(3) Participation.--Water quality monitoring under a 
        citizen water quality monitoring program under this subsection 
        shall be conducted by program participants with appropriate 
        qualifications and training.
            ``(4) Training.--A citizen water quality monitoring program 
        under this subsection shall provide for the training and 
        evaluation of all program participants. Such training and 
        evaluation shall be carried out as a continuing component of 
        the program in order to ensure the reliability of data 
        collected under the program.
            ``(5) Quality assurance.--In conducting a citizen water 
        quality monitoring program under this subsection, a State shall 
        use quality assurance control procedures described in the 
        guidance to be developed by the Administrator pursuant to 
        paragraph (8) or equivalent procedures developed by the State.
            ``(6) Use of data.--Data obtained under a citizen water 
        quality monitoring program under this subsection may be used to 
        obtain information required under subparagraphs (A) and (E) of 
        subsection (b)(1) and to develop and implement a nonpoint 
        source management program under section 319 or a watershed 
        management program under section 322.
            ``(7) Availability of data.--A State shall make the data 
        collected under a citizen water quality monitoring program 
        under this subsection available for public review.
            ``(8) Guidance.--The Administrator shall develop and 
        publish guidance to assist States in developing, planning, and 
        implementing citizen water quality monitoring programs under 
        this subsection, including protocols on quality assurance and 
        quality control.''.

SEC. 308. TOXIC POLLUTANTS.

    (a) Listing of Toxic Pollutants.--Section 307(a)(1) (33 U.S.C. 
1317(a)(1)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting ``bioaccumulation potential,'' after 
        ``degradability,''; and
            (2) by inserting ``the magnitude and risk of exposure to 
        the pollutant,'' after ``organisms,''.
    (b) Toxic Effluent Standards.--Section 307(a)(2) (33 U.S.C. 
1317(a)(2)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(2) Toxic Effluent Standards.--
            ``(A) General rule.--Each toxic pollutant listed in 
        accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be 
        subject to effluent limitations resulting from the application 
        of the best available technology economically achievable for 
        the applicable category or class of point sources established 
        in accordance with sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b)(2) of this 
        Act.
            ``(B) Publication and applicability.--The Administrator may 
        publish in the Federal Register a proposed effluent standard 
        (which may include a prohibition) establishing requirements for 
        a toxic pollutant which, if an effluent limitation is 
        applicable to a class or category of point sources, shall be 
        applicable to such category or class only if such standard 
        imposes more stringent requirements.
            ``(C) Factors.--The published effluent standard (or 
        prohibition) shall take into account--
                    ``(i) the pollutant's persistence, toxicity, 
                degradability, and bioaccumulation potential;
                    ``(ii) the magnitude and risk of exposure to the 
                pollutant, including risks to affected organisms and 
                the importance of such organisms;
                    ``(iii) the relative contribution of point source 
                discharges of the pollutant to the overall risk from 
                the pollutant;
                    ``(iv) the availability of, and risk posed by, 
                substitute chemicals or processes or the availability 
                of treatment processes or control technology;
                    ``(v) the beneficial and adverse social and 
                economic effects of the effluent standard, including 
                the impact on energy resources;
                    ``(vi) the extent to which effective control is 
                being or may be achieved in an expeditious manner under 
                other regulatory authorities;
                    ``(vii) the impact on national security interests; 
                and
                    ``(viii) such other factors as the Administrator 
                deems appropriate.
            ``(D) Comment period.--The Administrator shall allow a 
        period of not less than 90 days following publication of any 
        such proposed effluent standard (or prohibition) for written 
        comment by interested persons on such proposed standard.
            ``(E) Promulgation.--After consideration of any comments on 
        the proposed standard (or prohibition), the Administrator shall 
        promulgate such standard (or prohibition) with such 
        modifications as the Administrator finds are justified. Such 
        promulgation by the Administrator shall be made as 
        expeditiously as possible, but not later than 365 days, after 
        publication of the proposed standard (or prohibition).
            ``(F) Finality.--A promulgated standard (or prohibition) 
        shall be final; except that if, on judicial review, such 
        standard is determined to be arbitrary and capricious, an abuse 
        of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law, the 
        Administrator shall promulgate a revised standard.
            ``(G) Deadline.--Effluent limitations shall be established 
        in accordance with sections 301(b)(2)(A) and 304(b)(2) for 
        every toxic pollutant referred to in table 1 of Committee Print 
        Numbered 95-30 of the Committee on Public Works and 
        Transportation of the House of Representatives as soon as 
        practicable after the date of the enactment of the Clean Water 
        Act of 1977, but no later than July 1, 1980. Effluent 
        limitations or effluent standards (or prohibitions) shall be 
        established for every other toxic pollutant listed under 
        paragraph (1) of this subsection as soon as practicable after 
        it is so listed.''.
    (c) Procedure for Petitioning EPA.--Section 307(a) (33 U.S.C. 
1317(a)) is further amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Procedure for petitioning epa.--
                    ``(A) General authority.--Any person may petition 
                the Administrator to limit or prohibit discharges of 
                toxic pollutants or classes of toxic pollutants which 
                contribute to water quality impairment.
                    ``(B) Contents of petition.--A petition submitted 
                to the Administrator under this paragraph shall contain 
                such information as the Administrator may require by 
                regulation, including information on each of the 
                factors listed in paragraph (2)(C).
                    ``(C) Action of administrator.--The Administrator 
                may deny a petition submitted under this paragraph 
                based on the information contained in the petition and 
                such other information as may be available to the 
                Administrator or may initiate a rulemaking proceeding 
                to limit discharges of toxic pollutants, including 
                prohibition of discharges of toxic pollutants. If the 
                Administrator determines that there is not sufficient 
                information to approve or deny the petition, the 
                Administrator may request the petitioner to submit such 
                additional information as may be necessary.
                    ``(D) Factors to consider.--In determining whether 
                or not to approve or deny a petition under this 
                paragraph, the Administrator shall consider the factors 
                listed in paragraph (2)(C).''.
    (d) Federal Establishment of Chemical-Specific Numeric Water 
Quality Criteria.--Section 303(c) (33 U.S.C. 1313(c)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) Chemical-specific numeric water quality criteria.--If 
        the Administrator issues, by regulation, chemical-specific 
        numeric water quality criteria for toxic pollutants under 
        section 304(a) and if a State has not adopted water quality 
        standards for navigable waters under the jurisdiction of the 
        State including such criteria before the last day of the 3-year 
        period beginning on the date of issuance of such criteria, such 
        criteria--
                    ``(A) shall be treated for purposes of Federal and 
                State law as if such criteria were adopted by the State 
                as a water quality standard for such waters; and
                    ``(B) if the State has established designated uses 
                for such waters, such criteria shall be applied 
                consistent with the designated uses.''.
    (e) Water Quality Criteria.--Section 304(a) (33 U.S.C. 1314(a)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
            ``(9) Water quality criteria for pollutants from nonpoint 
        sources.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the 
        enactment of this paragraph, the Administrator shall develop 
        and publish under paragraph (1) additional criteria for water 
        quality with respect to pollutants entering navigable waters 
        with an emphasis on pollutants entering such waters from 
        nonpoint sources.''.
    (f) Fish Consumption Advisories.--Section 304 (33 U.S.C. 1314) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(n) Fish Consumption Advisories.--After consultation with 
appropriate Federal and State agencies, the Administrator may develop 
and issue guidance that States may use--
            ``(1) in issuing fish consumption advisories;
            ``(2) in developing a monitoring program for contaminants 
        in fish and shellfish; and
            ``(3) in issuing scientific protocols for testing 
        contamination levels of fish.''.
    (g) Beach Water Quality Monitoring.--
            (1) In general.--Section 304 is further amended by adding 
        at the end the following:
    ``(o) Beach Water Quality Monitoring.--After consultation with 
appropriate Federal and State agencies, the Administrator may develop 
and issue guidance that States may use in monitoring water quality at 
beaches and issuing health advisories with respect to beaches, 
including testing protocols, recommendations on frequency of testing 
and monitoring, recommendations on pollutants for which monitoring and 
testing should be conducted, and recommendations on when health 
advisories should be issued.''.
            (2) Reports.--Section 516(a) (33 U.S.C. 1375(a)) is amended 
        by striking ``and (9)'' and inserting ``(9) the monitoring 
        conducted by States on the water quality of beaches and the 
        issuance of health advisories with respect to beaches, and 
        (10)''.
    (h) Current State of Scientific Knowledge On Certain Chemicals.--
            (1) NAS study.--The National Academy of Sciences shall 
        conduct a study on the current scientific knowledge of those 
        chemicals which are present in waters of the United States and 
        for which there is evidence that exposure to such chemicals may 
        result in endocrine, immune, or nervous system or developmental 
        health effects in humans, fish, or wildlife, including evidence 
        that exposure to such chemicals may increase the incidence of 
        breast and other cancers, decrease sperm count, or impair 
        reproduction.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the National Academy of Sciences shall 
        transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study 
        conducted under this subsection, including recommendations for 
        any actions which the National Academy of Science determines 
        are appropriate based on such results.

SEC. 309. FEDERAL ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Violations of Local Pretreatment Requirements.--Section 307(d) 
(33 U.S.C. 1317(d)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(d) Violations.--After the effective date of any effluent 
standard or prohibition or pretreatment standard promulgated under this 
section or any requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved 
under section 402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of this Act, it shall be unlawful 
for any owner or operator of any source to operate any source in 
violation of any such effluent standard or prohibition, pretreatment 
standard, or requirement.''.
    (b) Inspections, Monitoring, and Entry.--Section 308(a) (33 U.S.C. 
1318(a)) is amended by inserting after ``(A) the Administrator shall 
require the owner or operator of any point source'' the following: ``, 
any indirect discharger, and any other person who may have information 
relating to compliance with this Act''.
    (c) Enforcement of Local Pretreatment Requirements.--
            (1) General authority.--Section 309(a)(1) (33 U.S.C. 
        1319(a)(1)) is amended by inserting after ``404 of this Act,'' 
        the following: ``or is in violation of any requirement imposed 
        in a pretreatment program approved under section 402(a)(3) or 
        402(b)(8) of this Act,''.
            (2) Issuance of orders.--Section 309(a)(3) (33 U.S.C. 
        1319(a)(3)) is amended by inserting after ``404 of this Act by 
        a State,'' the following: ``or is in violation of any 
        requirement imposed in a pretreatment program approved under 
        section 402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of this Act,''.
            (3) Criminal penalties.--Section 309(c)(3)(A) (33 U.S.C. 
        1319(c)(3)(A)) is amended by inserting after ``Army or by a 
        State,'' the following: ``or knowingly violates any requirement 
        imposed in a pretreatment program approved under section 
        402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of this Act,''.
            (4) Administrative penalties.--Section 309(g)(1)(A) (33 
        U.S.C. 1319(g)(1)(A)) is amended by inserting after ``404 by a 
        State,'' the following: ``or has violated any requirement 
        imposed in a pretreatment program approved under section 
        402(a)(3) or 402(b)(8) of this Act, or has violated an order 
        issued by the Administrator under subsection (a) of this 
        section or section 504 of this Act,''.
            (5) Citizen suits.--Section 505(f) (33 U.S.C. 1365(f)) is 
        amended--
                    (A) by striking ``or'' before ``(7)''; and
                    (B) by striking the last comma and inserting the 
                following: ``; (8) any requirement imposed in a 
                pretreatment program approved under section 402(a)(3) 
                or 402(b)(8) of this Act; or (9) a permit or any 
                condition thereof issued by the Secretary of the Army 
                or a State under section 404 of this Act''.
    (d) Civil Actions Commenced by the Administrator.--Section 309(b) 
(33 U.S.C. 1319(b)) is amended--
            (1) by inserting after the first sentence the following: 
        ``Such injunctive relief may include an order to require 
        remedial measures or an environmental audit.'';
            (2) by striking ``and to require compliance'' and inserting 
        ``, to require compliance, and to provide other appropriate 
        relief''; and
            (3) by inserting before the last sentence the following: 
        ``A district court may issue a permanent injunction in any such 
        action based solely upon a finding that a violation has 
        occurred.''.
    (e) Maximum Term of Imprisonment for Knowing Violations.--Section 
309(c)(2) (33 U.S.C. 1319(c)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``3 years'' and inserting ``5 years''; and
            (2) by striking ``6 years'' and inserting ``10 years''.
    (f) Knowing Endangerment.--Section 309(c)(3)(A) (33 U.S.C. 
1319(c)(3)(A)) is amended by striking ``he thereby'' and inserting ``, 
in connection with or in the course of committing the violation, the 
person''.
    (g) False Statements.--
            (1) Knowing omissions.--Section 309(c)(4) (33 U.S.C. 
        1319(c)(4)) is amended by inserting after ``Any person who 
        knowingly'' the following: ``omits required material 
        information or''.
            (2) Maximum punishment for first convictions.--Section 
        309(c)(4) (33 U.S.C. 1319(c)(4)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``$10,000'' and inserting 
                ``$50,000''; and
                    (B) by striking ``2 years'' and inserting ``5 
                years''.
            (3) Maximum punishment for subsequent convictions.--Section 
        309(c)(4) (33 U.S.C. 1319(c)(4)) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``$20,000 per day of violation'' 
                and inserting ``$100,000 per violation''; and
                    (B) by striking ``4 years'' and inserting ``10 
                years''.
    (h) Sharing of Fines in Criminal Actions.--
            (1) In general.--Section 309(c) (33 U.S.C. 1319(c)) is 
        amended by redesignating paragraphs (6) and (7) as paragraphs 
        (7) and (8), respectively, and by inserting after paragraph (5) 
        the following:
            ``(6) Sharing of fines.--Upon the recommendation of the 
        United States, and in accordance with such recommendation, a 
        court may issue an order requiring that a portion of the 
        amounts assessed by the court in criminal fines under this 
        subsection for a violation be paid--
                    ``(A) to any person as an award for providing 
                information leading to the arrest and conviction of a 
                person for the violation; and
                    ``(B) to any State, municipality, or other 
                political subdivision for providing material support in 
                the prosecution of the violation.''.
            (2) Guidance.--The Administrator shall issue guidance to 
        ensure consistency in recommendations of the United States made 
        pursuant to the amendment made by paragraph (1).
    (i) Determination of Amount of Civil Penalties.--The second 
sentence of section 309(d) (33 U.S.C. 1319(d)) is amended by inserting 
after ``the economic impact of the penalty on the violator,'' the 
following: ``the amount of any penalty previously imposed on the 
violator by a court or administrative agency for the same violation or 
violations,''.
    (j) Joining States as Parties in Actions Involving 
Municipalities.--Section 309(e) (33 U.S.C. 1319(e)) is amended by 
striking ``shall be joined as a party. Such State'' and inserting ``may 
be joined as a party. Any State so joined as a party''.
    (k) Administrative Penalties.--
            (1) Maximum amount of class i penalties.--Section 
        309(g)(2)(A) (33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(A)) is amended by striking 
        ``$25,000'' and inserting ``$100,000''.
            (2) Maximum amount of class ii penalties.--Section 
        309(g)(2)(B) (33 U.S.C. 1319(g)(2)(B)) is amended by striking 
        ``$125,000'' and inserting ``$300,000''.
            (3) Determination of amount.--Section 309(g)(3) (33 U.S.C. 
        1319(g)(3)) is amended by inserting after ``resulting from the 
        violation,'' the following: ``the amount of any penalty 
        previously imposed on the violator by a court or administrative 
        agency for the same violation or violations,''.
            (4) Public notice.--Section 309(g)(4) (33 U.S.C. 
        1319(g)(4)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A) by inserting ``class II'' 
                before ``civil penalty'';
                    (B) in subparagraphs (B) and (C) by inserting 
                ``class II'' before ``penalty'' the first place it 
                appears; and
                    (C) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``paragraph 
                (2)(A) in the case of a class I civil penalty and''.
            (5) Limitation on actions.--Section 309(g)(6)(A) (33 U.S.C. 
        1319(g)(6)(A)) is amended--
                    (A) in clause (i) by inserting ``or'' at the end;
                    (B) by striking clause (ii) and redesignating 
                clause (iii) as clause (ii);
                    (C) in clause (ii), as so redesignated, by striking 
                ``, the Secretary, or the State'' and inserting ``or 
                the Secretary''; and
                    (D) in clause (ii), as so redesignated, by striking 
                ``or such comparable State law, as the case may be,''.
    (l) Recovery of Economic Benefit.--Section 309 (33 U.S.C. 1319) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(h) Recovery of Economic Benefit.--
            ``(1) Civil penalties.--
                    ``(A) General rule.--The amount of any civil 
                penalty determined and assessed by a court for a 
                violation in a civil action commenced under this 
                section shall not be less than the amount of the 
                economic benefit (if any) to the violator resulting 
                from the violation.
                    ``(B) Maximum amount.--The requirement of 
                subparagraph (A) shall apply even if the amount of 
                economic benefit described in subparagraph (A) is 
                greater than the amount of the maximum penalty for the 
                violation otherwise established by this section.
            ``(2) Administrative penalties.--
                    ``(A) General rule.--The amount of any 
                administrative penalty determined and assessed by the 
                Administrator or the Secretary of the Army for a 
                violation in an administrative action commenced under 
                this section shall not be less than the amount of the 
                economic benefit (if any) to the violator resulting 
                from the violation.
                    ``(B) Maximum amount.--The requirement of 
                subparagraph (A) shall apply only if the amount of 
                economic benefit described in subparagraph (A) is less 
                than the amount of the maximum administrative penalty 
                for the violation established by this section. If the 
                amount of such economic benefit is greater than the 
                amount of such maximum penalty, then the amount of the 
                penalty assessed for the violation shall be equal to 
                such maximum penalty.
            ``(3) Regulations.--The Administrator shall propose 
        regulations on methods to determine economic benefit for 
        purposes of this section not later than 180 days after the date 
        of the enactment of this subsection and shall issue final 
        regulations on such methods not later than 18 months after such 
        date of enactment.
            ``(4) Publicly owned treatment works.--This subsection 
        shall not apply to a penalty assessed against a treatment works 
        (as defined by section 212 of this Act) which is publicly 
        owned.''.
    (m) Penalty Fund.--
            (1) Establishment.--Section 309 is further amended by 
        adding at the end the following:
    ``(i) Penalty Fund.--Amounts received by the United States as a 
penalty or fine under this Act shall be deposited into a special fund 
in the Treasury of the United States. The Administrator shall annually 
report to Congress on the sums deposited into the fund, the sources 
thereof, and the actual and proposed uses thereof.''.
            (2) Authorization of appropriations.--Section 607 (33 
        U.S.C. 1387) is amended by inserting ``(a) In General.--'' 
        before ``There is''; and by adding at the end the following:
    ``(b) From Penalty Fund.--Amounts in the fund established under 
section 309(i) are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the 
purposes of this Act and shall remain available until expended.''.
    (n) Federal Procurement.--Section 508(a) (33 U.S.C. 1368(a)) is 
amended by adding at the end the following: ``The Administrator may 
extend the prohibition to other facilities owned or operated by the 
convicted person.''.
    (o) Issuance of Subpoenas by the Administrator.--Section 509(a)(1) 
(33 U.S.C. 1369(a)(1)) is amended by inserting ``or 308'' after 
``section 305''.
    (p) Limitation on Judicial Review.--Section 509(b)(2) (33 U.S.C. 
1369(b)(2)) is amended by inserting after ``this subsection'' the 
following: ``and an action of a State in issuing or denying a permit 
under section 402 with respect to which review could have been obtained 
under comparable provisions of State law''.

SEC. 310. FEDERAL FACILITIES.

    (a) Application of Certain Provisions.--Section 313(a) (33 U.S.C. 
1323(a)) is amended by striking all preceding subsection (b) and 
inserting the following:

``SEC. 313. FEDERAL FACILITIES POLLUTION CONTROL.

    ``(a) Applicability of Federal, State, Interstate, and Local 
Laws.--
            ``(1) In general.--Each department, agency, or 
        instrumentality of the executive, legislative, and judicial 
        branches of the Federal Government--
                    ``(A) having jurisdiction over any property or 
                facility, or
                    ``(B) engaged in any activity resulting, or which 
                may result, in the discharge or runoff of pollutants,
        and each officer, agent, or employee thereof in the performance 
        of his official duties, shall be subject to, and comply with, 
        all Federal, State, interstate, and local requirements, 
        administrative authority, and process and sanctions respecting 
        the control and abatement of water pollution in the same manner 
        and to the same extent as any nongovernmental entity, including 
        the payment of reasonable service charges.
            ``(2) Types of actions covered.--Paragraph (1) shall 
        apply--
                    ``(A) to any requirement whether substantive or 
                procedural (including any recordkeeping or reporting 
                requirement, any requirement respecting permits, and 
                any other requirement),
                    ``(B) to the exercise of any Federal, State, or 
                local administrative authority, and
                    ``(C) to any process and sanction, whether enforced 
                in Federal, State, or local courts or in any other 
                manner.
            ``(3) Penalties and fines.--The Federal, State, interstate, 
        and local substantive and procedural requirements, 
        administrative authority, and process and sanctions referred to 
        in paragraph (1) include all administrative orders and all 
        civil and administrative penalties and fines, regardless of 
        whether such penalties or fines are punitive or coercive in 
        nature or are imposed for isolated, intermittent, or continuing 
        violations.
            ``(4) Sovereign immunity.--
                    ``(A) Waiver.--The United States hereby expressly 
                waives any immunity otherwise applicable to the United 
                States with respect to any requirement, administrative 
                authority, and process and sanctions referred to in 
                paragraph (1) (including any injunctive relief, any 
                administrative order, any civil or administrative 
                penalty or fine referred to in paragraph (3), or any 
                reasonable service charge).
                    ``(B) Processing fees.--The reasonable service 
                charges referred to in this paragraph includes fees or 
                charges assessed in connection with the processing and 
                issuance of permits, renewal of permits, amendments to 
                permits, review of plans, studies, and other documents, 
                and inspection and monitoring of facilities, as well as 
                any other nondiscriminatory charges that are assessed 
                in connection with a Federal, State, interstate, or 
                local water pollution regulatory program.
            ``(5) Exemptions.--
                    ``(A) General authority of president.--The 
                President may exempt any effluent source of any 
                department, agency, or instrumentality in the executive 
                branch from compliance with any requirement to which 
                paragraph (1) applies if the President determines it to 
                be in the paramount interest of the United States to do 
                so; except that no exemption may be granted from the 
                requirements of section 306 or 307 of this Act.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--No exemptions shall be granted 
                under subparagraph (A) due to lack of appropriation 
                unless the President shall have specifically requested 
                such appropriation as a part of the budgetary process 
                and the Congress shall have failed to make available 
                such requested appropriation.
                    ``(C) Time period.--Any exemption under 
                subparagraph (A) shall be for a period not in excess of 
                1 year, but additional exemptions may be granted for 
                periods of not to exceed 1 year upon the President's 
                making a new determination.
                    ``(D) Military property.--In addition to any 
                exemption of a particular effluent source, the 
                President may, if the President determines it to be in 
                the paramount interest of the United States to do so, 
                issue regulations exempting from compliance with the 
                requirements of this section any weaponry, equipment, 
                aircraft, vessels, vehicles, or other classes or 
                categories of property, and access to such property, 
                which are owned or operated by the Armed Forces of the 
                United States (including the Coast Guard) or by the 
                National Guard of any State and which are uniquely 
                military in nature. The President shall reconsider the 
                need for such regulations at 3-year intervals.
                    ``(E) Reports.--The President shall report each 
                January to the Congress all exemptions from the 
                requirements of this section granted during the 
                preceding calendar year, together with the President's 
                reason for granting such exemption.
            ``(6) Venue.--Nothing in this section shall be construed to 
        prevent any department, agency, or instrumentality of the 
        Federal Government, or any officer, agent, or employee thereof 
        in the performance of official duties, from removing to the 
        appropriate Federal district court any proceeding to which the 
        department, agency, or instrumentality or officer, agent, or 
        employee thereof is subject pursuant to this section, and any 
        such proceeding may be removed in accordance with chapter 89 of 
        title 28, United States Code.
            ``(7) Personal liability of federal employees.--No agent, 
        employee, or officer of the United States shall be personally 
        liable for any civil penalty under any Federal, State, 
        interstate, or local water pollution law with respect to any 
        act or omission within the scope of the official duties of the 
        agent, employee, or officer.
            ``(8) Criminal sanctions.--An agent, employee, or officer 
        of the United States shall be subject to any criminal sanction 
        (including any fine or imprisonment) under any Federal or State 
        water pollution law, but no department, agency, or 
        instrumentality of the executive, legislative, or judicial 
        branch of the Federal Government shall be subject to any such 
        sanction.''.
    (b) Funds Collected by a State.--Section 313 (33 U.S.C. 1323) is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Limitation on State Use of Funds.--Unless a State law in 
effect on the date of the enactment of this subsection or a State 
constitution requires the funds to be used in a different manner, all 
funds collected by a State from the Federal Government in penalties and 
fines imposed for the violation of a substantive or procedural 
requirement referred to in subsection (a) shall be used by the State 
only for projects designed to improve or protect the environment or to 
defray the costs of environmental protection or enforcement.''.
    (c) Enforcement.--Section 313 is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:
    ``(d) Federal Facility Enforcement.--
            ``(1) Administrative enforcement by epa.--The Administrator 
        may commence an administrative enforcement action against any 
        department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive, 
        legislative, or judicial branch of the Federal Government 
        pursuant to the enforcement authorities contained in this Act.
            ``(2) Procedure.--The Administrator shall initiate an 
        administrative enforcement action against a department, agency, 
        or instrumentality under this subsection in the same manner and 
        under the same circumstances as an action would be initiated 
        against any other person under this Act.
            ``(3) Voluntary settlement.--Any voluntary resolution or 
        settlement of an action under this subsection shall be set 
        forth in a consent order.
            ``(4) Conferral with epa.--No administrative order issued 
        to a department, agency, or instrumentality under this section 
        shall become final until such department, agency, or 
        instrumentality has had the opportunity to confer with the 
        Administrator.''.
    (d) Limitation on Actions and Right of Intervention.--Section 313 
is further amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(e) Limitation on Actions and Right of Intervention.--Any 
violation with respect to which the Administrator or Secretary, as 
applicable, has commenced and is diligently prosecuting an action under 
this subsection, or for which the Administrator or Secretary, as 
applicable, has issued a final order and the violator has either paid a 
penalty or fine assessed under this subsection or is subject to an 
enforceable schedule of corrective actions, shall not be the subject of 
an enforcement action under section 505 of this Act. In any action 
under this subsection, any citizen may intervene as a matter of 
right.''.
    (e) Definition of Person.--Section 502(5) (33 U.S.C. 1362(5)) is 
amended by inserting before the period at the end the following: ``and 
includes any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United 
States''.
    (f) Definition of Radioactive Materials.--Section 502 (33 U.S.C. 
1362) is amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(21) The term `radioactive materials' includes source materials, 
special nuclear materials, and byproduct materials (as such terms are 
defined under the Atomic Energy Act of 1954) which are used, produced, 
or managed at facilities not licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission; except that such term does not include any material which 
is discharged from a vessel or other facility covered by Executive 
Order 12344 (42 U.S.C. 7158 note; relating to the Naval Nuclear 
Propulsion Program).''.
    (g) Conforming Amendments.--Section 313(b) (33 U.S.C. 1323(b)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``(b)(1)'' and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Wastewater Facilities.--
            ``(1) Cooperation for use of wastewater control systems.--
        '';
            (2) in paragraph (2) by inserting ``Limitation on 
        construction.--'' before ``Construction''; and
            (3) by moving paragraphs (1) and (2) 2 ems to the right.
    (h) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall take 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act and shall only apply to 
violations occurring after such date of enactment.

SEC. 311. NONPOINT SOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS.

    (a) State Assessment Reports.--
            (1) Relationship to individual management plans.--Section 
        319(a)(1)(B) (33 U.S.C. 1329(a)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting 
        before the semicolon the following: ``, including nonpoint 
        sources of ground water pollution and nonpoint sources for 
        which the State may require site-specific management plans''.
            (2) Review and revision.--Section 319(a) is further 
        amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (2) by inserting ``, reviewing, 
                and revising'' after ``developing'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2) by striking ``section,'' the 
                first place it appears and inserting ``subsection,''; 
                and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                paragraph:
            ``(3) Review and revision.--Not later than 12 months after 
        the date of the enactment of this paragraph, and every 5 years 
        thereafter, the State shall review and revise the report 
        required by this subsection.''.
            (3) Approval process.--Section 319(d) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1) by inserting ``or revised 
                report'' after ``any report''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by striking ``the report'' and 
                        inserting ``a report or revised report'';
                            (ii) by striking ``30'' and inserting 
                        ``18''; and
                            (iii) by striking ``of the enactment of 
                        this section'' and inserting ``on which such 
                        report is required to be submitted under 
                        subsection (a)''.
    (b) State Management Program.--
            (1) Term of program.--Section 319(b)(1) is amended by 
        striking ``four'' and inserting ``5''.
            (2) Contents.--Section 319(b)(2) is amended--
                    (A) in each of subparagraphs (A) and (C) by 
                striking ``paragraph (1)(B)'' and inserting 
                ``subsection (a)(1)(B)'';
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) by striking ``, as appropriate,'' and 
                        inserting ``enforceable policies and 
                        mechanisms,'';
                            (ii) by striking ``for enforcement''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following: 
                        ``Such programs shall, at a minimum, provide 
                        for implementation of best management practices 
                        and measures in conformity with guidance to be 
                        issued by the Administrator pursuant to 
                        subsection (o).'';
                    (C) in subparagraph (C) by striking ``at the 
                earliest practicable date'' and inserting ``and 
                measures on a watershed or other appropriate basis 
                within 3 years after the date on which each such 
                watershed or other area is designated under 
                subparagraph (K) for undertaking such practices and 
                measures'';
                    (D) in subparagraph (D) by striking ``A 
                certification of'' and inserting ``After the date of 
                the enactment of the Water Quality Act of 1994, a 
                certification by''; and
                    (E) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(G) A description of monitoring and assessment 
                which will be carried out under the program for the 
                purposes of monitoring and assessing the effectiveness 
                of the program, including the effectiveness of site-
                specific management plans.
                    ``(H) A description of measures and practices of 
                the program which will be applicable to land owners and 
                a description of any category of land owners (including 
                categories of landowners determined solely on the basis 
                of economic hardship), class of activities, or areas 
                which will be exempt from such measures and practices.
                    ``(I) An identification of classes or categories of 
                activities for which land owners will be required to 
                develop, submit to the State for approval, and (after 
                approval) implement site-specific management plans. 
                Before January 1, 2005, a land owner participating in 
                and complying with the requirements of a qualified 
                program shall be treated as having satisfied the 
                requirements for implementation of a site-specific 
                management plan under this subparagraph with respect to 
                pollutants and land areas regulated under the qualified 
                program. For purposes of this section, a land owner 
                shall be considered to be participating in and 
                complying with the requirements of a qualified program, 
                whether or not the land owner is receiving financial 
                assistance under such program, if the agency 
                administering such program provides certification with 
                respect to such compliance. For the purposes of this 
                subparagraph, the term `qualified program' means any of 
                the following:
                            ``(i) The Conservation Reserve Program 
                        established under section 1231 of the Food 
                        Security Act of 1985.
                            ``(ii) The Agriculture Water Quality 
                        Protection Program established under section 
                        1238B of the Food Security Act of 1985.
                            ``(iii) The Integrated Farm Management 
                        Program Option established under section 1451 
                        of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and 
                        Trade Act of 1990.
                            ``(iv) The Organic Certification Program 
                        under title XXI of the Food, Agriculture, 
                        Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990.
                            ``(v) The Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization 
                        Amendments of 1990.
                            ``(vi) A program which is determined by the 
                        State to contribute to water quality 
                        improvement or protection and to meeting the 
                        objectives of this section and which is 
                        submitted to the Administrator and approved by 
                        the Administrator.
                    ``(J) If the program identifies any land owner or 
                category of land owners which will be required to 
                implement a site-specific management plan under 
                subparagraph (I), an identification of methods to 
                inform each such landowner or category of landowners of 
                sources of Federal, State, and local governmental 
                assistance available for development and implementation 
                of such plan.
                    ``(K) Designation of those watersheds or other 
                areas located in whole or in part within the boundaries 
                of the State for which best management practices and 
                measures will be undertaken in each year. If, based on 
                a revised assessment under subsection (a), navigable 
                waters within a watershed or area are not meeting 
                applicable water quality standards under section 303, 
                the State shall require the implementation of such 
                additional best management practices and measures as 
                may be necessary for such navigable waters to meet such 
                standards.
                    ``(L) A schedule for addressing during the 5-year 
                period beginning 2 years after the date of the 
                enactment of this subparagraph, and during each 5-year 
                period thereafter, all nonpoint sources of pollution in 
                the State. The schedule shall address approximately 20 
                percent of the watersheds or other areas located in 
                whole or in part within the boundaries of the State 
                during each year of the 5-year period.
                    ``(M) An identification of activities on Federal 
                lands in the State that are inconsistent with the State 
                management program.''.
            (3) Deadline for submission of program.--Section 319(c)(2) 
        is amended by striking ``this section'' and inserting ``the 
        Water Quality Act of 1994 and each 5-year period thereafter''.
    (c) Procedure for Disapproval of Reports and Management Programs.--
Section 319(d)(2)(D) is amended by striking ``are not adequate'' and 
all that follows through the semicolon at the end and inserting ``will 
not result in reasonable progress toward the attainment of applicable 
water quality standards under section 303 as expeditiously as possible 
but not later than December 31, 2009;''.
    (d) Local and Federal Management Programs; Technical Assistance.--
Section 319(e) is amended--
            (1) in the subsection heading by inserting ``and Federal'' 
        after ``Local'';
            (2) by striking ``If a State'' and inserting the following:
            ``(1) Local.--If a State'';
            (3) by striking ``If the Administrator approves such 
        management program,'' and all that follows through the period 
        and inserting ``Such agency shall be eligible to receive 
        financial assistance under subsection (h) for preparation and 
        implementation of such management program as if the agency were 
        a State.'';
            (4) by moving paragraph (1), as designated by paragraph (2) 
        of this subsection, 2 ems to the right; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(2) Federal.--If a State fails to submit a management 
        program or revised management program under subsection (b) or 
        the Administrator does not approve such a management program, 
        the Administrator shall prepare a management program for 
        controlling pollution added from nonpoint sources to the 
        navigable waters within the State and improving the quality of 
        such waters in accordance with subsection (b).''.
    (e) Grant Program.--
            (1) For preparing assessment reports and management 
        programs.--Section 319(h)(1) is amended to read as follows:
            ``(1) Grants for preparation and implementation of reports 
        and management programs.--Upon application of a State, the 
        Administrator may make grants under this subsection, subject to 
        such terms and conditions as the Administrator considers 
        appropriate, to such State for the purpose of assisting the 
        State in preparing a report under subsection (a) and in 
        preparing and implementing a management program under 
        subsection (b). Grants for implementation of such management 
        program may be made only after such report and management 
        program are approved under this section. Funds reserved 
        pursuant to section 205(j)(5) of this Act may be used to 
        develop and implement such management program.''.
            (2) Federal share.--Section 319(h)(3) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``management program implemented'' 
                and inserting ``report prepared and management program 
                prepared and implemented''; and
                    (B) by striking ``implementing'' and inserting 
                ``preparing such report and preparing and 
                implementing''.
            (3) Priority for effective mechanisms.--Section 319(h)(5) 
        is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``or'' at the end of subparagraph 
                (C);
                    (B) by striking the period at the end of 
                subparagraph (D) and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
                    ``(E) protect waters designated pursuant to section 
                303(c)(2)(A) as public water supplies; or
                    ``(F) control particularly difficult or serious 
                nonpoint pollution problems in urban areas.''.
            (4) Limitation on use of funds.--Section 319(h)(7) is 
        amended to read as follows:
            ``(7) Limitation on use of funds.--States may use funds 
        from grants made pursuant to this section--
                    ``(A) only for providing financial assistance with 
                respect to those activities whose principal purpose is 
                protecting and improving water quality; and
                    ``(B) only to the extent that such assistance is 
                related to the cost of implementing the State 
                management program.''.
            (5) Compliance with state management program.--Section 
        319(h)(8) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Satisfactory progress.--'' and 
                inserting ``Compliance with state management program.--
                ''; and
                    (B) by striking ``made satisfactory progress'' and 
                all that follows through the period and inserting 
                ``complied in such preceding fiscal year with its 
                management program or revised management program 
                approved under this section.''.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 319(j) is amended by 
striking ``and $130,000,000'' and all that follows through 
``$7,500,000'' and inserting the following: ``$130,000,000 for each of 
fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993, $200,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, 
$250,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, $300,000,000 for fiscal year 1996, 
$350,000,000 for fiscal year 1997, $400,000,000 for fiscal year 1998, 
$450,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, and $500,000,000 for fiscal year 
2000; except that for each of such fiscal years not to exceed 
$25,000,000''.
    (g) Reports.--Section 319(m) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``Annual'' and inserting 
        ``Biennial'';
            (2) in paragraph (1) by striking ``1988, and each January 
        1'' and inserting ``1995, and biennially''; and
            (3) in paragraph (2) by striking ``Final report.--'' and 
        all that follows through ``Such report,'' and insert 
        ``Contents.--Each report submitted under paragraph (1),''.
    (h) Guidance on Best Management Practices and Measures.--Section 
319 is further amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection:
    ``(o) Guidance on Best Management Practices and Measures.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
        appropriate Federal and State departments and agencies, and 
        after providing notice and opportunity for public comment, 
        shall publish guidance to identify best management practices 
        and measures which may be undertaken under management programs 
        established pursuant to this section.
            ``(2) Publication.--The Administrator shall publish 
        proposed guidance under this subsection not later than 6 months 
        after the date of the enactment of this subsection and shall 
        publish final guidance under this subsection not later than 18 
        months after such date of enactment. The Administrator shall 
        periodically review and revise the final guidance at least 
        every 3 years after its publication.
            ``(3) Best management practices and measures defined.--For 
        the purposes of this subsection, the term `best management 
        practices and measures' means economically achievable measures 
        for the control of the addition of pollutants from existing and 
        new categories and classes of nonpoint sources of pollution 
        which reflect the greatest degree of pollutant reduction 
        achievable through the application of the best available 
        nonpoint pollution control practices, technologies, processes, 
        siting criteria, operating methods, or other alternatives.''.
    (i) Enforceable Policy Defined.--Section 319 of such Act is further 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(p) Enforceable Policy Defined.--In this section, the term 
`enforceable policy' means any policy of a State which is legally 
binding through constitutional provisions, laws, regulations, land use 
plans, ordinances, or judicial or administrative decisions and by which 
the State exercises control over private and public land and water uses 
and natural resources.''.

SEC. 312. NATIONAL ESTUARY PROGRAM.

    (a) Technical Amendment.--Section 320(a)(2)(B) (33 U.S.C. 
1330(a)(2)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
                    ``(B) Priority consideration.--The Administrator 
                shall give priority consideration under this section to 
                Long Island Sound, New York and Connecticut; 
                Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island; Buzzards Bay, 
                Massachusetts; Massachusetts Bay, Massachusetts 
                (including Cape Cod Bay and Boston Harbor); Puget 
                Sound, Washington; New York-New Jersey Harbor, New York 
                and New Jersey; Delaware Bay, Delaware and New Jersey; 
                Delaware Inland Bays, Delaware; Albemarle Sound, North 
                Carolina; Sarasota Bay, Florida; San Francisco Bay, 
                California; Santa Monica Bay, California; Galveston 
                Bay, Texas; Barataria-Terrebonne Bay estuary complex, 
                Louisiana; Indian River Lagoon, Florida; and Peconic 
                Bay, New York.''.
    (b) Grants.--Section 320(g)(2) (33 U.S.C. 1330(g)(2)) is amended by 
inserting ``and implementation'' after ``development''.

SEC. 313. POLLUTION PREVENTION.

    (a) Pollution Prevention Plans.--Title III (33 U.S.C. 1311-1330) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 321. POLLUTION PREVENTION PLANS.

    ``(a) Development.--The Administrator shall establish by regulation 
a schedule under which major nonmunicipal dischargers of pollutants and 
significant industrial users are required to develop and submit, to the 
Administrator and the State in the case of a State which is 
administering a pollution prevention program approved by the 
Administrator under this section, a plan to prevent or reduce pollution 
of navigable waters.
    ``(b) Contents.--A plan developed and submitted to the 
Administrator under this section shall include, at a minimum, the 
following:
            ``(1) Identification of pollutants.--Identification of 
        those pollutants that the person submitting the plan discharges 
        into navigable waters or introduces into a publicly owned 
        treatment works.
            ``(2) Description of pollution sources and comprehensive 
        review of processes.--A description of the sources of such 
        pollutants and a comprehensive review of the processes used by 
        the person submitting the plan that result in the discharge or 
        introduction of such pollutants, as the case may be.
            ``(3) Analysis of pollution prevention methods.--An 
        analysis of the methods which could be used to prevent or 
        reduce such pollution in a cost effective manner, including 
        application of innovative and alternative technologies, and any 
        adverse environmental impacts of the use of those methods.
            ``(4) Statement of goals.--A statement of pollution 
        prevention goals or strategies of the person submitting the 
        plan, including priorities for short-term and long-term action.
            ``(5) Description of intended actions.--A description of 
        the methods which the person submitting the plan intends to 
        implement over the succeeding 5-year period in order to 
        implement the goals or strategies contained in the statement 
        described in paragraph (4).
            ``(6) Description of existing pollution prevention 
        methods.--A description of any pollution prevention measures 
        that currently are being implemented by the person submitting 
        the plan and, to the extent available, identification of their 
        impacts.
    ``(c) Comparable State and Local Programs.--At any time after the 
date of the issuance of regulations to carry out this section, the 
Governor of a State may submit to the Administrator a description of 
pollution prevention laws and programs for discharges of pollutants 
into navigable waters and introduction of pollutants into publicly 
owned treatment works within its jurisdiction the State proposes to 
administer under State law or under an interstate compact, including 
any existing State pollution prevention program. If the Administrator 
determines that the State program is at least comparable to the program 
of the Administrator under this section, then the State program shall 
apply instead of the program of the Administrator.
    ``(d) Public Availability.--A person submitting a plan to the 
Administrator or a State under this section shall make summaries of 
such plan available to the public, upon request or during normal 
working hours, at the principal place of business of such person 
located in the jurisdiction of the State.
    ``(e) Nonenforceability.--The contents of a plan to be developed 
and submitted to the Administrator or a State under this section shall 
not be enforceable.
    ``(f) Confidentiality.--Information made available to the 
Administrator in a plan developed under this section shall be entitled 
to protection under section 1905 of title 18, United States Code, and 
shall be considered confidential in accordance with the purposes of 
that section, except that such information may be disclosed to other 
officers, employees, or authorized representatives of the United States 
concerned with carrying out this Act. Information to be submitted to a 
State in a plan developed under this section shall be afforded 
protection equivalent to that which would be afforded to such 
information under the preceding sentence and section 1905 of such title 
if the information was being submitted to the Administrator under this 
section.
    ``(g) Limitations on Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this 
section shall be construed as affecting applicable effluent limitations 
or the requirements for individual control strategies under section 
304(l). Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the 
Administrator or a State to modify or condition the contents of an 
adequately prepared plan submitted under this section.
    ``(h) Regulations.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this section, the Administrator shall issue such 
regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section.
    ``(i) Report on Innovative and Alternative Technologies.--Not later 
than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this section, the 
Administrator shall review, analyze, and compile in a report 
information on innovative and alternative technologies which are 
available for preventing and reducing pollution of navigable waters, 
submit such report to Congress, and publish in the Federal Register a 
summary of such report and a notice of the availability of such report. 
The Administrator shall annually update the report prepared under this 
subsection, submit the updated report to Congress, and publish in the 
Federal Register a summary of the updated report and a notice of its 
availability.
    ``(j) Definitions.--In this section, the following definitions 
apply:
            ``(1) Major nonmunicipal discharger of pollutants.--The 
        term `major nonmunicipal discharger of pollutants' means a 
        person who discharges toxic chemicals in excess of 200,000 
        pounds per year into navigable waters and who is required to 
        submit forms or information to the Administrator under section 
        313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act 
        of 1986 (42 U.S.C. 11023).
            ``(2) Significant industrial user.--The term `significant 
        industrial user' means a person who introduces into a publicly 
        owned treatment works toxic chemicals in excess of 200,000 
        pounds per year and who is required to submit forms or 
        information to the Administrator under section 313 of the 
        Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (42 
        U.S.C. 11023).''.
    (b) Toxic Reduction Action Plans.--Section 307 (33 U.S.C. 1317) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
    ``(f) Toxic Reduction Action Plans.--
            ``(1) Development.--Each publicly owned treatment works 
        that is required to develop an approved pretreatment program 
        under this Act and each federally owned treatment works shall 
        develop a toxic reduction action plan.
            ``(2) Purpose.--A plan developed under this section shall 
        be designed to reduce, through public education, best 
        management practices, technology-based local limits, and other 
        means, the introduction of toxic pollutants and hazardous 
        wastes into publicly owned treatment works and federally owned 
        treatment works and shall be directed at sources not scheduled 
        to be subject to categorical standards under section 304(l).
            ``(3) Guidance.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
        the enactment of this subsection, and after providing for 
        notice and comment, the Administrator shall publish guidance on 
        the development, approval, and implementation of plans under 
        this subsection and on providing technical assistance to small 
        communities to assist them in reducing the introduction of 
        toxic pollutants and hazardous wastes from small industrial and 
        commercial sources into publicly owned treatment works and 
        federally owned treatment works.
            ``(4) Enforcement.--Effective on the last day of the 1-year 
        period beginning on the date of publication of guidance under 
        paragraph (3), a toxic reduction action plan approved by the 
        Administrator under this section shall be a precondition for 
        issuance or renewal of a permit under section 402 of this Act 
        to a treatment works that is required to have an approved 
        pretreatment program under this Act.''.

SEC. 314. STATE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS.

    (a) Establishment.--Title III (33 U.S.C. 1311-1330) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 322. STATE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS.

    ``(a) Application.--A State may submit to the Administrator for 
approval an application to implement a State watershed management 
program. Such application shall be in such form and contain such 
information as the Administrator may require by regulation.
    ``(b) Minimum Elements for Approval.--The Administrator may only 
approve a State watershed management program for implementation under 
this section if the State provided an appropriate opportunity for 
public participation in development of the program, if the State 
demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Administrator the capability to 
implement the program, and if the program includes the following 
elements:
            ``(1) Identification of the State agency responsible for 
        overseeing and approving watershed management plans under the 
        program.
            ``(2) A method for establishing watershed areas within the 
        areas of the State, including watersheds located in more than 1 
        State. If a watershed is located in more than 1 State, the 
        program shall require the State submitting the application to 
        cooperate with the other States within the boundaries of which 
        the watershed is located and may include cooperative efforts, 
        mutual assistance, and the establishment of agencies in 
        accordance with section 103(b).
            ``(3) Designation of those watersheds which will receive 
        priority under the program for development and implementation 
        of watershed management plans. The factors to be considered in 
        designating such watersheds may include--
                    ``(A) the presence within the watershed of waters 
                the water quality of which is threatened or impaired;
                    ``(B) the need to protect highly productive, 
                fragile, declining, or unique environmental areas which 
                rely on such waters for their existence;
                    ``(C) the degree of risk to human health and the 
                environment within the watershed;
                    ``(D) the need to restore or maintain waters of 
                special significance to local interests; and
                    ``(E) the need to protect priority ground water or 
                drinking water supplies.
            ``(4) A schedule, including appropriate milestones, for 
        implementing watershed management plans under the program and 
        for achieving and maintaining water quality standards in all 
        waters located within the boundaries of the State by not later 
        than December 31, 2009.
            ``(5) A mechanism for designation of those persons who are 
        responsible for development and implementation of each 
        watershed management plan under the program. The designated 
        persons may include--
                    ``(A) interstate and regional agencies or entities 
                having jurisdiction over all or a significant part of 
                the watershed;
                    ``(B) interested Federal agencies;
                    ``(C) local governments having jurisdiction over 
                any land or water located within the watershed; and
                    ``(D) affected industries, public and private 
                educational institutions, and representatives of the 
                general public.
            ``(6) Identification of State environmental objectives 
        which will be adopted and achieved under the program, including 
        attainment of water quality standards and other environmental 
        goals and requirements.
            ``(7) A program for monitoring water quality for the 
        purpose of determining the effectiveness of the State watershed 
        management program.
            ``(8) A mechanism for including public involvement in the 
        development and implementation of watershed management plans 
        under the State watershed management program.
            ``(9) A process for State oversight and evaluation of 
        development and implementation of such plans.
    ``(c) Guidance.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this section, the Administrator, after consultation with 
appropriate State and local government agencies, shall develop and 
publish guidance to the States on development of State watershed 
management programs. Such guidance shall describe the minimum elements 
necessary for approval of such programs under this section.
    ``(d) Cooperation of Other Federal Agencies.--Upon request, Federal 
agencies shall provide to States and watershed management entities such 
information as may be useful for development and implementation of 
watershed management programs and plans.
    ``(e) Approval Process.--Not later than the last day of the 180th 
day following the date of submission of an application under this 
subsection, the Administrator, after consultation with other Federal 
agencies, shall approve or disapprove the application. If the 
Administrator disapproves the application, the Administrator shall 
specify, in writing, any modifications of the application which are 
necessary for approval of the application under this section.
    ``(f) Revocation of Approval.--If the Administrator, after 
consultation with other Federal agencies, finds that a State watershed 
management program approved under this section is not resulting in the 
maintenance or attainment of water quality standards in accordance with 
the implementation schedule approved as part of the program under this 
section, the Administrator shall notify the State, in writing, of any 
modifications of the program necessary to continue approval of the 
program under this section. If, after the State has been provided an 
opportunity to modify the program and to implement the modified 
program, the program is not resulting in the maintenance or attainment 
of water quality standards, the Administrator shall revoke approval of 
the program under this section.
    ``(g) State Reports.--Each State implementing a watershed 
management program under this section shall submit to the Administrator 
annual reports on the activities carried out under the program during 
the preceding year and the progress being made toward attainment of 
water quality standards and other environmental goals and requirements 
under the program.
    ``(h) Incentives.--
            ``(1) Transferability of funds.--In any fiscal year in 
        which a State is implementing a State watershed management 
        program approved under this section, the State may transfer any 
        funds it receives under each of sections 104(b)(3), 104(g), 
        106, 314(b), 319, and 604(b) for use under any of such other 
        sections. Any such transfer shall be subject to such 
        limitations and conditions as the Administrator may impose to 
        ensure that the transferred funds are used in accordance with 
        the terms and conditions of the program to which such funds are 
        transferred.
            ``(2) Extension of terms of npdes permits.--In any fiscal 
        year in which a State is implementing a State watershed 
        management program approved under this section, the 
        Administrator or the State (if the State has a permit program 
        approved under section 402) may extend--
                    ``(A) on a one-time basis, the terms of permits, 
                issued under such section for the discharge of any 
                pollutant or combination of pollutants into waters in a 
                watershed subject to such program, from 5 years to a 
                maximum of 8 years for the purpose of having the same 
                termination year for all permits issued under such 
                section for discharges into waters in such watershed; 
                and
                    ``(B) the terms of permits issued under such 
                section for discharges from a point source into waters 
                in the State from 5 years to a maximum of 10 years if 
                such waters are meeting applicable water quality 
                standards under this Act and if, throughout the term of 
                the permit, such water quality standards will be 
                maintained.''.
    (b) Additional Incentives.--
            (1) Extension of review process.--Section 303(c)(1) (33 
        U.S.C. 1313(c)(1)) is amended by inserting after ``1972'' the 
        following: ``or at least once each 5-year period in the case of 
        a State which is implementing a watershed management program 
        approved under section 322''.
            (2) Planning.--Section 604(b) (33 U.S.C. 1384(b)) is 
        amended by adding at the end the following: ``In any fiscal 
        year in which a State is implementing a State watershed 
        management program approved under section 322, the State may 
        reserve up to an additional 2 percent of the sums allotted to 
        the State for such fiscal year for development of watershed 
        management plans under such program if 50 percent of the amount 
        reserved under this sentence will be made available to local 
        entities.''.
    (c) Transfer Opportunities.--
            (1) Study.--The Administrator shall conduct a study--
                    (A) to assess the opportunities for transferring 
                the governmentally granted authority--
                            (i) to discharge conventional and 
                        nonconventional pollutants between discharges 
                        of pollutants with similar environmental 
                        effects;
                            (ii) to discharge toxic pollutants; and
                            (iii) to discharge pollutants between 
                        different media and among a variety of point 
                        and nonpoint sources; and
                    (B) to evaluate methods of implementing such 
                transfers.
            (2) Report.--Not later than 18 months after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall transmit to 
        Congress a report on the results of the study conducted under 
        this subsection, together with recommendations.

                     TITLE IV--PERMITS AND LICENSES

SEC. 401. STATE PERMIT PROGRAMS.

    (a) Judicial Review of Permits.--Section 402(b)(3) (33 U.S.C. 
1342(b)(3)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and to provide'' and inserting ``, to 
        provide''; and
            (2) by inserting before the semicolon at the end the 
        following: ``, and to provide any interested person an 
        opportunity for judicial review of the approval or denial of 
        any such application''.
    (b) Penalties.--Section 402(b)(7) (33 U.S.C. 1342(b)(7)) is amended 
by inserting after ``civil and criminal penalties'' the following: 
``which are comparable to Federal civil and criminal penalties''.

SEC. 402. STORMWATER DISCHARGE PERMITS.

    Section 402(p) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 
U.S.C. 1342(p)) is amended to read as follows:
    ``(p) Municipal and Industrial Stormwater Discharges.--
            ``(1) General rule.--Permits for discharges composed 
        entirely of stormwater are required under this Act only for the 
        discharges described in paragraph (2). No permit shall be 
        required under this Act for any other discharge composed 
        entirely of stormwater. Such other discharges shall be subject 
        to section 319, relating to nonpoint source management 
        programs.
            ``(2) Descriptions of discharges for which permits are 
        required.--Permits are required under this Act for the 
        following stormwater discharges:
                    ``(A) A discharge with respect to which a permit 
                has been issued under this section before February 4, 
                1987.
                    ``(B) A discharge associated with any industrial 
                activity (other than a discharge that is composed 
                entirely of stormwater) that is subject to regulation 
                by a State or local stormwater program, and that is 
                from a construction activity which disturbs less than 5 
                acres of total land area and is not part of a larger 
                common plan of development or sale. The Administrator 
                may, by regulation, exempt from such permit requirement 
                a discharge composed entirely of stormwater from 
                conveyances or systems of conveyances (including pipes, 
                conduits, ditches, and channels) used for collecting 
                and conveying precipitation runoff and which are not 
                contaminated by contact with, or do not come into 
                contact with, any material handling equipment or 
                activity, industrial machinery, raw material, 
                intermediate product, finished product, byproduct, or 
                waste product located on the site of the industrial 
                activity.
                    ``(C) A discharge from a municipal separate storm 
                sewer system serving a population of 250,000 or more.
                    ``(D) A discharge from a municipal separate storm 
                sewer system serving a population of 100,000 or more 
                but less than 250,000.
                    ``(E) A discharge for which the Administrator or 
                the State, as the case may be, determines that the 
                stormwater discharge contributes to a violation of a 
                water quality standard or is a significant contributor 
                of pollutants to waters of the United States.
                    ``(F) A discharge from a municipal separate storm 
                sewer system serving an urbanized area (as defined by 
                the Bureau of Census of the Department of Commerce) 
                with a population of less than 100,000 and more than 
                50,000.
            ``(3) Permit requirements.--
                    ``(A) Industrial discharges.--Permits for 
                discharges associated with industrial activity shall 
                meet all applicable provisions of this section and 
                section 301.
                    ``(B) Municipal discharge.--Permits for discharges 
                from municipal separate storm sewer systems--
                            ``(i) may be issued on a system- or 
                        jurisdiction-wide basis;
                            ``(ii) shall include a requirement to 
                        effectively prohibit non-stormwater discharges 
                        into the municipal separate storm sewer system;
                            ``(iii) shall require controls to reduce 
                        the discharge of pollutants to the maximum 
                        extent practicable, including management 
                        practices, control techniques and system, 
                        design and engineering methods, and such other 
                        provisions as the Administrator or the State 
                        determines appropriate for the control of such 
                        pollutants;
                            ``(iv) shall require reasonable progress 
                        toward attainment of applicable water quality 
                        standards under this Act as expeditiously as 
                        possible, but not later than December 31, 2009; 
                        and
                            ``(v) that are renewed after the date of 
                        the enactment of this clause, shall include 
                        such additional requirements for the control of 
                        the discharge of pollutants as the 
                        Administrator or the State, in the case of a 
                        State with authority to issue permits under 
                        this section, determines are necessary for the 
                        attainment or maintenance of applicable water 
                        quality standards under this Act.
                    ``(C) General and group permits.--The Administrator 
                or the State, in the case of a State with authority to 
                issue permits under this section, may, after notice and 
                opportunity for public hearing, issue general or group 
                permits for any discharges described in paragraph (2) 
                (other than discharges from municipal separate storm 
                sewer systems) if the Administrator or the State 
                determines that the discharges are similar in nature 
                and that application of similar management measures 
                will effectively reduce pollution occurring from such 
                discharges.
                    ``(D) Compliance with water quality standards.--
                Neither the Administrator nor the State, in the case of 
                a State with authority to issue permits under this 
                section, may require, in a permit issued under this 
                section for discharges described in paragraph (2), 
                compliance with a numeric effluent limitation or an 
                applicable water quality standard directly before 
                December 31, 2009, except to the extent necessary for 
                implementation of management measures under the 
                regulations issued under paragraph (5).
            ``(4) Permit application requirements.--
                    ``(A) Industrial and large municipal discharges.--
                Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment 
                of this subsection, the Administrator shall establish 
                regulations setting forth the permit application 
                requirements for stormwater discharges described in 
                paragraphs (2)(B) and (2)(C). Applications for permits 
                for such discharges shall be filed no later than 
                November 18, 1992. Not later than November 18, 1993, 
                the Administrator or the State, as the case may be, 
                shall issue or deny each such permit. Any such permit 
                shall provide for compliance as expeditiously as 
                practicable, but in no event later than 3 years after 
                the date of issuance of such permit.
                    ``(B) Medium municipal discharges.--Not later than 
                4 years after the date of the enactment of this 
                subsection, the Administrator shall establish 
                regulations setting forth the permit application 
                requirements for stormwater discharges described in 
                paragraph (2)(D). Applications for permits for such 
                discharges shall be filed no later than May 17, 1993. 
                Not later than May 17, 1994, the Administrator or the 
                State, as the case may be, shall issue or deny each 
                such permit. Any such permit shall provide for 
                compliance as expeditiously as practicable, but in no 
                event later than 3 years after the date of issuance of 
                such permit.
                    ``(C) Other urbanized discharges.--Not later than 
                October 1, 1995, the Administrator shall establish 
                regulations setting forth the permit application 
                requirements for stormwater discharges described in 
                paragraph (2)(F). Applications for permits for such 
                discharges shall be filed no later than May 1, 1997. 
                Not later than May 1, 1998, the Administrator or the 
                State, as the case may be, shall issue or deny each 
                such permit. Any such permit shall provide for 
                compliance as expeditiously as practicable, but in no 
                event later than 3 years after the date of issuance of 
                such permit.
            ``(5) Regulations.--Not later than October 1, 1995, the 
        Administrator, in consultation with State and local officials, 
        shall propose and, not later than May 1, 1996, issue final 
        regulations for the issuance of permits for municipal separate 
        storm sewer system discharges described in paragraphs (2)(C), 
        (2)(D), and (2)(F). Such regulations shall include, at a 
        minimum, the following:
                    ``(A) Methods to prohibit effectively nonstormwater 
                discharges into the municipal separate storm sewer 
                system of the permittee.
                    ``(B) Information on the development and 
                implementation of management measures to reduce, to the 
                maximum extent practicable, the discharge of pollutants 
                from such system. In this subsection, the term 
                `management measures' means economically achievable 
                measures for the control of the addition of pollutants 
                from a municipal separate storm sewer system which 
                reflect the greatest degree of pollutant reduction 
                achievable through the application of the best 
                available storm water control practices, technologies, 
                processes, siting criteria, operating methods, or other 
                alternatives. The Administrator shall establish 
                objective minimum performance standards for each 
                management measure.
                    ``(C) Requirements for development and 
                implementation of a municipal stormwater quality 
                management program for implementation of the 
                requirements of subparagraphs (A) and (B). The program 
                shall be incorporated into the permit and shall be 
                subject to public hearing and review before 
                implementation.
                    ``(D) Requirements for monitoring of the waters 
                receiving discharges described in paragraphs (2)(C), 
                (2)(D), and (2)(F) for the purpose of determining if 
                the requirements of the permit are resulting in 
                progress toward attaining by December 31, 2009, 
                applicable water quality standards under this Act.
        The Administrator shall periodically review and revise the 
        regulations taking into account States' assessments of the 
        effectiveness of the management measures being implemented 
        under such regulations.''.

SEC. 403. COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS.

    Section 402 (33 U.S.C. 1342) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(q) Combined Sewer Overflows.--
            ``(1) Existing permits.--After the last day of the 1-year 
        period beginning on the date of the enactment of this 
        subsection, a permit issued under this section before, on, or 
        after such date of enactment shall be subject to the provisions 
        of this subsection to the extent such permit applies to a 
        discharge from a municipal combined sewer system resulting from 
        a wet weather overflow.
            ``(2) Regulations.--Not later than 120 days after the date 
        of the enactment of this subsection, the Administrator shall 
        issue regulations--
                    ``(A) to require, after the last day of the 1-year 
                period described in paragraph (1), a permit under this 
                section for any discharge from a municipal combined 
                sewer system resulting from a wet weather overflow;
                    ``(B) to require that an applicant for such a 
                permit submit for approval to the Administrator or the 
                State, in the case of a State with authority to issue 
                permits under this section, a permit application that--
                            ``(i) characterizes the combined sewer 
                        system of the applicant and the impact of the 
                        wet weather overflows from the system on water 
                        quality;
                            ``(ii) demonstrates the ability of the 
                        applicant to implement, within 3 years after 
                        the date of submission of the application, such 
                        technology-based controls for wet weather 
                        overflows as may be specified in the 
                        regulations; and
                            ``(iii) contains a long-term control plan;
                    ``(C) to require that any permit issued on the 
                basis of such an application--
                            ``(i) provide for implementation, within 3 
                        years after the date of submission of the 
                        application, of such technology-based controls 
                        for wet weather overflows as may be specified 
                        in the regulations; and
                            ``(ii) set forth a compliance schedule for 
                        implementation of the long-term control plan 
                        contained in the application as soon as 
                        practicable after the date of issuance of such 
                        permit; and
                    ``(D) to require that such permit require 
                reasonable progress toward attainment of applicable 
                water quality standards under this Act as expeditiously 
                as possible, but not later than December 31, 2009.
            ``(3) Compliance with water quality standards.--Before 
        December 31, 2009, neither the Administrator nor the State, in 
        the case of a State with authority to issue permits under this 
        section, may require in a permit issued under this section and 
        subject to this subsection that a discharge from a municipal 
        combined sewer system resulting from a wet weather overflow 
        comply with a numeric effluent limitation or a water quality 
        standard directly.
            ``(4) Length of compliance schedule.--The term of any 
        permit issued by the Administrator or the State, in the case of 
        a State with authority to issue permits under this section, for 
        a discharge from a municipal combined sewer system resulting 
        from a wet weather overflow shall not be construed to limit the 
        length of the compliance schedule established by the permit.''.

SEC. 404. DISCHARGES INTO GROUND WATER.

    Section 402 (33 U.S.C. 1342) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
    ``(r) Discharges Into Ground Water.--
            ``(1) General rule.--For the purposes of this section, any 
        discharge of a pollutant into the ground or ground waters shall 
        be treated as a discharge of a pollutant into the navigable 
        waters if--
                    ``(A) there is a reasonably foreseeable and 
                demonstrable direct hydrologic connection between the 
                ground waters and surface waters in the proximity of 
                the discharge;
                    ``(B) a greater than de minimis quantity of the 
                pollutant reasonably and demonstrably is able to reach 
                such surface waters; and
                    ``(C) no other Federal law directly addresses the 
                activity resulting in the discharge.
            ``(2) Limitation on assessment of penalties.--No penalty 
        may be assessed under this Act against any person for a 
        discharge of a pollutant into the ground or ground waters 
        unless the person knew or should have known that there is a 
        direct hydrologic connection between the ground waters and 
        surface waters in the proximity of the discharge.
            ``(3) Permit application requirement.--The Administrator or 
        the State, in the case of a State with authority to issue 
        permits under this section, shall require as part of any 
        application for a permit under this section that the applicant 
        provide--
                    ``(A) a description of any known or suspected 
                sources of pollution at the facility of the applicant 
                to the ground or ground waters that have a direct 
                hydrologic connection to surface waters; and
                    ``(B) a description of any measures that have been 
                or will be taken by the applicant to eliminate or 
                reduce such sources of pollution.''.

SEC. 405. BENEFICIAL USE OF BIOSOLIDS.

    Section 405(g) (33 U.S.C. 1345(g)) is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence of paragraph (1)--
                    (A) by inserting ``(also referred to as 
                `biosolids')'' after ``sewage sludge''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``building materials,'' after 
                ``agricultural and horticultural uses,'';
            (2) in paragraph (1) by adding at the end the following: 
        ``Not later than January 1, 1996, the Administrator shall issue 
        guidance on the beneficial use of sewage sludge.''; and
            (3) in paragraph (2) by striking ``September 30, 1986,'' 
        and inserting ``September 30, 1994,''.

                      TITLE V--GENERAL PROVISIONS

SEC. 501. NEEDS ESTIMATE.

    Section 516(b)(1) (33 U.S.C. 1375(b)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence by striking ``biennially 
        revised'' and inserting ``quadrennially revised''; and
            (2) in the second sentence by striking ``February 10 of 
        each odd numbered year'' and inserting ``December 31, 1995, and 
        December 31 of every 4th calendar year thereafter''.

SEC. 502. EMERGENCY POWERS.

    Section 504 (33 U.S.C. 1364) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 504. EMERGENCY POWERS.

    ``(a) Issuance of Orders; Court Action.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of this Act, whenever the Administrator finds that a 
pollution source or combination of sources may present an imminent and 
substantial endangerment (whether actual or threatened) to the public 
health or welfare (including the livelihood of persons) or to the 
environment, the Administrator may issue such orders or take such 
action as may be necessary to protect the public health or welfare or 
the environment and commence a suit (or cause it to be commenced) in 
the United States district court for the district in which the 
pollution source or combination of sources is located. Such court may 
grant such relief to abate the threat and to protect against the 
endangerment as the public interest and the equities of the case may 
require.
    ``(b) Enforcement of Orders.--Any person who, without sufficient 
cause, violates or fails to comply with an order of the Administrator 
issued under this section shall be liable for civil penalties to the 
United States in an amount not to exceed $25,000 per day for each day 
on which such violation or failure occurs or continues.''.

SEC. 503. CITIZEN SUITS.

    (a) Notice.--Section 505(b) (33 U.S.C. 1365(b)) is amended by 
adding at the end the following: ``After an action is commenced against 
a person under this subsection, the plaintiff shall not be required to 
provide notice under paragraph (1)(A) for any alleged violation by such 
person that is not identified in a discharge monitoring report that is 
publically available prior to the 60-day period referred to in 
paragraph (1)(A).''.
    (b) Requirement for Commencing Citizen Suits.--Section 505(a)(1) 
(33 U.S.C. 1365(a)(1)) is amended by inserting after ``who is alleged'' 
the following: ``to have violated in the 180-day period ending on the 
date of issuance of notice under subsection (b)(1) or''.
    (c) Review of Consent Judgments.--Section 505(c)(3) (33 U.S.C. 
1365(c)(3)) is amended by inserting after the first sentence the 
following: ``The Attorney General and the Administrator shall each 
review the proposed consent judgment to determine the consistency of 
the judgment with the purposes and requirements of this Act. The court 
shall consider any views submitted on behalf of the United States as to 
such consistency in determining whether to enter the proposed consent 
judgment.''.

SEC. 504. GENERAL PROGRAM AUTHORIZATIONS.

    Section 517 (33 U.S.C. 1376) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' before ``$135,000,000''; and
            (2) by inserting before the period at the end the 
        following: ``, such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal 
        years 1991 through 1993, $185,000,000 for each of fiscal years 
        1994 and 1995, $190,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1996 and 
        1997, $195,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1998 and 1999, and 
        $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.''.

SEC. 505. NATIVE AMERICAN PROGRAMS.

    (a) Revised Report.--Section 518(b) (33 U.S.C. 1377(b)) is amended 
by adding at the end the following: ``Not later than 18 months after 
the date of the enactment of the Water Quality Act of 1994, the 
Administrator shall update the assessment conducted under this 
subsection and transmit to Congress a revised version of the report and 
recommendations submitted under this subsection.''.
    (b) Sewage Treatment.--Section 518(c) (33 U.S.C. 1377(c)) is 
amended--
            (1) by striking ``one-half of one percent of the sums 
        appropriated under section 207'' and inserting ``1 percent of 
        the sums appropriated under section 607''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following: ``The Administrator 
        shall provide the funds reserved under this subsection directly 
        to Indian tribes and may make a grant in an amount not to 
        exceed 100 percent of the cost of a project that is the subject 
        of the grant. In making a grant under this subsection, the 
        Administrator shall give priority to projects that address the 
        most significant public health and environmental pollution 
        problems, as determined by a needs assessment conducted under 
        subsection (b).''.
    (c) Nonpoint Pollution Control.--Section 518(f) (33 U.S.C. 1377(f)) 
is amended--
            (1) in the second sentence by striking ``one-third'' and 
        inserting ``one-half''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new sentence: 
        ``Notwithstanding section 319(h)(3), the Administrator may make 
        a grant under this subsection in an amount not to exceed 100 
        percent of the cost of the project that is the subject of the 
        grant.''.
    (d) Revolving Loan Funds.--Section 603(c)(1) (33 U.S.C. 1383(c)(1)) 
is amended by inserting ``or Indian tribe'' after ``State agency''.

        TITLE VI--STATE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REVOLVING FUNDS

SEC. 601. WATER USE EFFICIENCY MEASURES.

    (a) General Authority for Capitalization Grants.--Section 601(a) 
(33 U.S.C. 1381(a)) is amended by inserting after ``publicly owned'' 
the following: ``and for implementation of water use efficiency 
measures whose principal purpose is improving or protecting water 
quality''.
    (b) Project Eligibility.--Section 603(c) (33 U.S.C. 1383(c)) is 
amended by inserting after ``section 212 of this Act)'' the following: 
``and for implementation of water use efficiency measures whose 
principal purpose is improving or protecting water quality''.

SEC. 602. GUIDANCE FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES.

    Section 602 (33 U.S.C. 1382) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection:
    ``(c) Guidance for Small Communities.--
            ``(1) Simplified procedures.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Administrator 
        shall establish simplified procedures for small communities to 
        obtain assistance under this title.
            ``(2) Publication of manual.--Not later than 1 year after 
        the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Administrator 
        shall publish a manual to assist small communities in obtaining 
        assistance under this title and publish in the Federal Register 
        notice of availability of the manual.
            ``(3) Small community defined.--For purposes of this title, 
        the term `small community' means a municipality or 
        intermunicipal, interstate, or State agency seeking assistance 
        under this title which serves a population of 20,000 or 
        less.''.

SEC. 603. TYPES OF ASSISTANCE.

    (a) Extended Repayment Period for Hardship Communities.--Section 
603(d)(1) (33 U.S.C. 1383(d)(1)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A) by inserting after ``20 years'' the 
        following: ``or, in the case of a municipality or 
        intermunicipal, interstate, or State agency applying for 
        assistance for a service area in which the average annual 
        residential sewage treatment charge, after completion of the 
        project, will be greater than 1.25 percent of the median family 
        income for such service area, the lesser of 30 years or the 
        expected life of the project to be financed with the proceeds 
        of the loan''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (B) by striking ``not later than 20 
        years after project completion'' and inserting ``upon the 
        expiration of the term of the loan''.
    (b) Technical and Planning Assistance for Small Communities.--
Section 603(d) (33 U.S.C. 1383(d)) is amended--
            (1) by striking ``and'' at the end of paragraph (6);
            (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (7) and 
        inserting ``; and''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(8) to provide technical and planning assistance to small 
        communities; except that such amounts shall not exceed 1 
        percent of all grant awards to such fund under this title.''.
    (c) Interest Rates.--Section 603 is further amended by adding at 
the end the following new subsection:
    ``(i) Interest Rates.--In any case in which a State makes a loan 
pursuant to subsection (d)(1) to a municipality or intermunicipal, 
interstate, or State agency applying for assistance for a service area 
in which the average annual residential sewage treatment charge will 
increase, after completion of the project for which the loan is made 
and as a result of the project, to greater than 1.25 percent of the 
median family income for such service area, the State may charge a 
negative interest rate so as to reduce the unpaid principal of the loan 
to the extent that such assistance is necessary to ensure that such 
charge is not greater than 1.25 percent of such median family income 
taking into account any extension of the repayment period under 
subsection (d)(1)(A).''.

SEC. 604. ALLOTMENT OF FUNDS.

    Section 604(a) (33 U.S.C. 1384(a)) is amended by striking ``and 
1990'' and inserting ``through 1994''.

SEC. 605. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 607 (33 U.S.C. 1387(a)) is amended by striking paragraph 
(3) and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting 
the following:
            ``(3) $2,400,000,000 for fiscal year 1992;
            ``(4) $2,550,000,000 for fiscal year 1993;
            ``(5) $2,500,000,000 for fiscal year 1994;
            ``(6) $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 1995;
            ``(7) $3,500,000,000 for fiscal year 1996;
            ``(8) $4,000,000,000 for fiscal year 1997;
            ``(9) $4,500,000,000 for fiscal year 1998;
            ``(10) $5,000,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; and
            ``(11) $5,500,000,000 for fiscal year 2000.''.

                  TITLE VII--MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC. 701. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR INTERNATIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT 
              FACILITIES.

    (a) In General.--The Administrator is authorized to provide 
financial assistance to States for planning, design, and construction 
of international wastewater treatment works in the vicinity of the 
United States-Mexico border which are for the protection of United 
States residents and waters from pollution originating in Mexico.
    (b) Approval of Plans.--Any international wastewater treatment 
facility for which financial assistance is provided under this section 
shall be constructed in accordance with plans developed by the 
International Boundary and Water Commission in consultation with the 
water pollution control agency of the affected State, and approved by 
the United States and Mexico, to meet applicable standards under the 
laws of the United States and Mexico and under applicable treaties and 
international agreements. Such plans shall include construction cost 
estimates and identify responsible parties and the allocation of costs 
associated with operating and maintaining the treatment works.
    (c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section, the following 
definitions apply:
            (1) Construction; treatment works.--The terms 
        ``construction'' and ``treatment works'' have the meanings such 
        terms have under section 212 of the Federal Water Pollution 
        Control Act.
            (2) Sewage.--The term ``sewage'' means spent or used water 
        of a municipality which contains human waste and other 
        dissolved and suspended matter and includes wastewater from 
        industries which discharge into a municipal collection system 
        and any ground water, surface water, or stormwater which enters 
        the system.
            (3) International wastewater treatment works.--The term 
        ``international wastewater treatment works'' means any facility 
        constructed pursuant to a Minute agreement of the International 
        Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico, for 
        the treatment of wastewater in the vicinity of the border 
        described in subsection (a).
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for fiscal years 
beginning after September 30, 1994.

SEC. 702. WASTEWATER SERVICE FOR COLONIAS.

    (a) Grant Assistance.--The Administrator may make grants to States 
along the United States-Mexico border to provide assistance for 
planning, design, and construction of treatment works to provide 
wastewater service to the communities along such border commonly known 
as ``colonias''.
    (b) Federal Share.--The Federal share of the cost of a project 
carried out using grants made available under subsection (a) shall be 
50 percent. The non-Federal share of such cost shall be provided by the 
State receiving the grant.
    (c) Treatment Works Defined.--For purposes of this section, the 
term ``treatment works'' has the meaning given such term by section 212 
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
    (d) Funding.--The Administrator shall carry out this section using 
amounts not to exceed $60,000,000 which were appropriated before the 
date of the enactment of this Act and which are available for such 
purpose.

SEC. 703. POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES.

    (a) Study.--The Administrator shall conduct a study of pollutants 
to the navigable waters which originate from mobile sources and which 
impair or threaten water quality.
    (b) Determination.--In conducting the study under subsection (a), 
the Administrator shall determine whether each source of pollution 
identified under the study enters the navigable waters from a point or 
nonpoint source.
    (c) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment 
of this section, the Administrator shall transmit to the Committee on 
Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report 
containing the results of the study to be conducted under subsection 
(a), together with recommendations on actions to reduce or eliminate 
pollution from mobile sources.
    (d) Public Review and Comment.--Before transmitting a report under 
subsection (c), the Administrator shall make the report available for 
public review and comment.

SEC. 704. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Section 118.--Section 118(c)(1)(A) (33 U.S.C. 1268(c)(1)(A)) is 
amended by striking the last comma.
    (b) Section 120.--Section 120(d) (33 U.S.C. 1270(d)) is amended by 
striking ``(1)''.
    (c) Section 204.--Section 204(a)(3) (33 U.S.C. 1284(a)(3)) is 
amended by striking the final period and inserting a semicolon.
    (d) Section 205.--Section 205 (33 U.S.C. 1285) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (c)(2) by striking ``and 1985'' and 
        inserting ``1985 , and 1986'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(2) by striking ``through 1985'' and 
        inserting ``through 1986'';
            (3) in subsection (g)(1) by striking the period following 
        ``4 per centum''; and
            (4) in subsection (m)(1)(B) by striking ``this'' and 
        inserting ``such''.
    (e) Section 208.--Section 208 (33 U.S.C. 1288) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (h)(1) by striking ``designed'' and 
        inserting ``designated''; and
            (2) in subsection (j)(1) by striking ``September 31, 1988'' 
        and inserting ``September 30, 1988''.
    (f) Section 301.--Section 301(j)(1)(A) (33 U.S.C. 1311(j)(1)(A)) is 
amended by striking ``that'' the first place it appears and inserting 
``than''.
    (g) Section 309.--Section 309(d) (33 U.S.C. 1319(d)) is amended by 
striking the second comma following ``Act by a State''.
    (h) Section 311.--Section 311 (33 U.S.C. 1321) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b) by moving paragraph (12) (including 
        subparagraphs (A), (B) and (C)) 2 ems to the right; and
            (2) in subsection (h)(2) by striking ``The'' and inserting 
        ``the''.
    (i) Section 404.--Section 404(s)(3) (33 U.S.C. 1344(s)(3)) is 
amended by striking ``acton'' and inserting ``action''.
    (j) Section 505.--Section 505(f) (33 U.S.C. 1365(f)) is amended by 
striking the last comma.
    (k) Section 516.--Section 516 (33 U.S.C. 1375) is amended by 
redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (f).
    (l) Section 518.--Section 518(f) (33 U.S.C. 1377(f)) is amended by 
striking ``(d)'' and inserting ``(e)''.

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