[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________ No. 15

- 13428 Non

- Argument Calendar

________________________ D.C. Docket No. 1:14

- cr - 20801

- JLK

- 1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff

- Appellee,

versus CARLO JUNIOR SENECHARLES, Defendant

- Appellant.

_____________________ ___ Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida

________________________ ( August 31, 2016 )

Before JORDAN , JULIE CARNES and BLACK , Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM:

Case: 15-13428 Date Filed: 08/31/2016 Page: 1 of 62 Carlo Junior Senecharles appeals his conviction and sentence for possess ion of a firearm by a convicted felon, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1) and 924(e). He raises three issues on appeal, which we address in turn. After review, we affirm Senecharles’s conviction and sentence. I

. DISCUSSION A. Unconstitutionality of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) Senecharles first contends that 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) is unconstitutional, both facially and as

- applied to him, because his possession of the firearm did not have a substantial effect on interstate commerce

. Because Senecharles did not object to the constitutionality of the felon

- in

- possession statute in the district court, we review for plain error. See United States v. Moriarty , 429 F.3d 1 012, 1018

- 19 (11th Cir. 2005) (stating we review constitutional objections “ not raised before th e district court only for plain

error ” ). Senecharles’s facial challenge is directly foreclosed by our precedent upholding the constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g). See United States v. Scott , 263 F.3d 1270, 127 3 (11th Cir. 2001) (holding “the jurisdictional element of the statute, i.e. , the requirement that the felon ‘possess in or affecting commerce, any firearm or ammunition,’ immunizes § 922(g)(1) from [a] facial constitutional attack”) . Further, beca use the parties stipulated the fi r earm and ammunition had travel ed through interstate commerce before the offense was committed, t he

Case: 15-13428 Date Filed: 08/31/2016 Page: 2 of 63 G overnment established a minimal nexus between Senecharles’s firearm and ammunition and interstate commerce , and the statute was constitutional as

- applied
to him

. See United States v. Jordan , 635 F.3d 1181, 1189 (11th Cir. 2011) (holding § 922(g) is not unconstitutional as applied to “a defendant who possessed a firearm only intrastate” when the government demonstrated that the firearm moved in interstate com merce)

. B. Armed Career Criminal Act Senecharles also a sserts the district court erred by sentencing him under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA ) because he did not have three prior convictions for a violent felony or a serious drug offense . H e contends his prior Florida convictions for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, attempted first

- degree murder, armed robbery, and armed burglary do not qualify as predicate offenses for ACCA purposes. He does not challenge, however, his prior second

- degree murder conviction. Under the ACCA, a defendant convicted pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 922(g) is subject to a mandatory minimum 180

- month sentence if he has 3 prior convictions for a “violent felony” or a “serious drug offense.” 18 U.S.C. § 924( e)(1). A “serious drug offense” is defined in part as “an offense under State law, involving manufacturing, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture or distribute, a controlled substance

. . . for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years

Case: 15-13428 Date Filed: 08/31/2016 Page: 3 of 64 or more is prescribed by law.” Id. § 924(e)(2)(A)(ii). A “violent felony” is any crime punishable by an imprisonment term exceeding one year that: (i) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another; or (ii) is burglary, arson, or extortion, involves use of explosives, or otherwise involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another. Id. § 924(e)(2)(B). Senecharles’s argument with regard to his Florida conviction under Fla. Stat. § 893.13(1) for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute is directly foreclosed by our precedent

. See United States v. Smith , 775 F.3d 1262 , 1266

- 68 (11th Cir. 2014) (holding convictions under Fla. Stat. § 893.13(1) qualify as serious drug offenses pursuant to the ACCA, despite the Florida statute’s lack of a mens rea element )

. Senecharles’s argument that Smith was wrongly decided and should not be followed is likewise unavail ing

. See United States v. Archer , 531 F.3d 1347, 1352 (11th Cir. 2008) (explaining that u nder the prior panel precedent rule, we are bound by the holding of a prior panel until that holding is overruled or undermined to the point of abrogation by a decisi on of the Supreme Court or our C ourt sitting en banc )

. Therefore, the district court correctly concluded that his cocaine

possession offense was an ACCA predicate felony. Next, b ecause Senecharles did not object below to the district court’s determination that his previous attempted first

- degree murder conviction w as a

Case: 15-13428 Date Filed: 08/31/2016 Page: 4 of 65 predicate offense under the ACCA, we review this claim for plain error. See United States v. Jones , 743 F.3d 826, 828 (11th Cir. 2014) ( reviewing for plai n

error a challenge to a conviction being classified as a “violent felony” that was raised for the first time on appeal ). The Supreme Court has noted in the context of the ACCA that attempted murder is the “prototypically violent crime.” James v. United States , 550 U.S. 192, 208 (2007) overruled on other grounds by Johnson , 135 S. Ct. 2551 (2015)

. As there is no precedent squarely resolving whether Florida attempted first

- degree murder is a violent felony under the ACCA and attempting to kill with a fire arm squarely fits within the ACCA’s definition of attempted use of force against another , we conclude that the district court committed no plain error when it determined that this felony was an ACCA predicate felony

. See United States v. Lejarde

- Rada , 319 F.3d 1288, 1291 (11th Cir. 2003) (explaining t here is no plain error where the explicit language of a statute or rule does not specifically resolve an issue and there is no precedent from the Supreme Court or our C ourt directly resolving it ); Gordon v. State , 744 So. 2d 1112, 1113

- 14 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999) (stating “intent to kill” is an element of attempted first degree murder with a firearm )

. Although Senecharles also challenges his convictions for armed robbery and armed burglary, we do not need
to reac h those convictions, as he has three predicate felony convictions

—

Case: 15-13428 Date Filed: 08/31/2016 Page: 5 of 66 possession of cocaine with intent to distribute, attempted first

- degree murder, and second

- degree murder

— without them. C. Unconstitutionality of ACCA enhancement Senecharles finally argue s that his enhanced sentence violated the Fifth and Sixth Amendments under Apprendi v. New Jersey , 530 U.S. 466, 490 (2000), because none of the facts supporting the enhancement were charged in the indictment, nor did he admit them at trial. We have “consi stently held” that Almendarez

- Torres v. United States , 523 U.S. 224 (1998) , remains good law and that, for ACCA purposes, district courts may determine both the existence of prior convictions and the factual nature of those convictions. United States v. Weeks , 711 F.3d 1255, 1259 (11th Cir. 2013). Senecharles did not object in the district court on the basis that his ACCA enhancement was unconstitutional under Apprendi , and, therefore, we review this claim for plain error. See Moriarty , 429 F.3d at 1018

- 19

. Weeks directly forecloses Senecharles’s argument, and, therefore, there was no error, plain or otherwise, regarding the constitutionality of Senecharles’s ACCA enhancement. See Weeks , 711 F.3d at 1259. II. CONCLUSION Accordingly, we affirm Senecharles’s conviction and sentence. AFFIRMED. Case: 15-13428 Date Filed: 08/31/2016 Page: 6 of 6