Taconite BART Analysis

SO2 Control

Available and Applicable Review

Step 1 Step 2

This table is part of the Taconite distributed without the full text of not taken out of context.

Reference No.

1

SO2 Pollution Control 

Technology

Is this a generally available 

control technology?

Is the control technology 

available to indurating 

furnaces?

Is the control technology 

applicable to this specific 

source?

Is it technically feasible for 

this source?

Comments Basi

1 Wet Scrubbing (High Efficiency) Y Y Y Y Absorption and reaction using an alkali

2 Wet Scrubbing (Low Efficiency) Y Y Y Y Absorption and reaction using an alkali

3 Wet Walled Electrostatic Precipitator (WWESP) Y Y Y Y Suspended particles are separated from 

collected in hoppers

4 Dry sorbent injection Y Y Y N

Pulverized lime or limestone is directly filter. Dry sorption of SO2 onto the lime 

particles are collected with a fabric filte

5 Spray Dryer Absorption (SDA) Y Y Y N Lime slurry is sprayed into an absorptio

slurry, forming CaSO3/CaSO4

6 Alternative Fuels Y Y

Y

(for furnaces 

capable of 

multiple fuels)

Y

(not required 

by BART)

Natural gas is base case Use a fuel with lower sulfur content.

7 Load Reduction N --- --- --- Power plant technology This is a strategy to reduce load on a po

throught efficiency projects.

8 Energy Efficiency Projects Y Y

Y 

(for large 

projects like 

heat-recoup)

Y 

(for large 

projects like 

heat-recoup)

decrease amount of fuel required to ma

9 Coal Drying Y N --- --- Applies only to facilities that burn coal Dry coal will increase the as-burned BT

to be burned. Specific energy efficienc

10 Bio Filters N --- --- --- Research level

Gas stream passes through a packed besupports the growth of active bacterial biodegraded or biotransformed into inn

water, chloride ion in water, sulfate or n

11 CANSOLV Regenerable SO2 N --- --- --- Research level

An aqueous solution of proprietary diam

countercurrent absorption tower. The rigiving a byproduct of pure, water satur

to the absorber.

12 Pahlman Process N --- --- --- Research level

Gas stream is passed through a filter baparticle, high-surface area metal oxide removed from the gases by adsorption.
Taconite BART Analysis

SO2 Control

Available and Applicable Review

Step 1 Step 2

This table is part of the Taconite distributed without the full text of not taken out of context.

Reference No.

1

SO2 Pollution Control 

Technology

Is this a generally available 

control technology?

Is the control technology 

available to indurating 

furnaces?

Is the control technology 

applicable to this specific 

source?

Is it technically feasible for 

this source?

Comments Basi

13 SOx-NOx-Rox-Box N --- --- --- Technology has not been demonstrated

Dry sorbent injection upstream of the b

injection upstream of a zeolitic selectivincorporated in the baghouse to reduce 

14 Electron (E-Beam) Process N --- --- --- No operating commercial applications on coal Electron beam irradiation in the presen

conversion of sulfur and nitrogen oxide

collected by conventional methods such 

15 Electrocatalytic Oxidation N --- --- --- Similar to cold plasma. Will keep watch for availability of this technology

Utilizes a reactor in which SO2, NOx, a

(NO2), sulfuric acid, and mercuric oxid

On recent project, the vender was doing 

16 NOXSO N --- --- --- Commercial version of adsorption. Limited experience (proof-of-concept tests).

Uses a regenerable sorbent to simultane

from coal-fired utility and industrial bo

a saleable sulfur by-product (liquid SO

NOx is converted to nitrogen and oxyg

17 Copper-Oxide N --- --- --- Absorption and SCR. Experience limited to pilot scale.

SO2 in the flue gas reacts with copper o

alumina, to form copper sulfate. Ammoabsorption reactor and a selective catalreduces the nitric oxides in the flue gasis reduced in a regenerator with a reducconcentrated stream of SO2.

18 SNOX N --- --- --- Early commercial development stage

Catalytic reduction of NOx in the prese

catalytic oxidation of SO2 to SO3. The 

through a novel glass-tube condenser in 

and then condensed to a concentrated l

19 Cold Plasma N --- --- --- Research level

1) This number is for reference only. It does not in any way rank the control technologies.2) a) Air Pollution: Its Origin And Control. Wark, Kenneth; Warner, Cecil F.; and Davis, Wayne T. 1998. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.2) b) US EPA Basic Concepts in Environmental Science, Module 6, http://www.epa.gov/eogapti1/module6/index.htm2) c) New and Emerging Environmental Technologies, http://neet.rti.org/2) d) ND BART Reports