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MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION COMMITTEE 61st session Agenda item 2 MEPC 61/2/5 23 March 2010 Original: ENGLISH

HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANISMS IN BALLAST WATER

Application for Final Approval of " ARA Ballast " Ballast Water Management System

Submitted by the Republic of Korea

SUMMARY

Executive summary: This document contains the non-confidential information related to the application for Final Approval of the "ARA Ballast" Ballast Water Management System, developed by 21st Century Shi pbuilding Co., Ltd., under the Procedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9) adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57) and in accordance with the "Methodology for information gathering and the conduct of work of the GESAMP-BWWG". The system consists of a particle removal module followed by charged plasma and medium-pressure ultraviolet modules. The system received Basic Approval under the name of "Blue Ocean Guardian" (BOG) BWMS and since it will be commercialized under the name of "ARA Ballast" BWMS, the application for Final Approval was submitted under the new name.
Strategic direction: 7.1

High-level action: 7.1.2

Planned output: 7.1.2.4

Action to be taken: Paragraph 7

Related documents: BWM/CONF/36; MEPC 53/24/Add.1; MEPC 58/23; MEPC 59/2/13; MEPC 60/2/5, MEPC 60/2/12 and BWM.2/Circ.24

Introduction

1 Regulation D-3.2 of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments stipulates that ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances to comply with the Convention shall be approved by the Organization.MEPC 61/2/5 Page 2

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 2 The Procedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9), adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57), defines the principal aspects to be documented by data or testing (MEPC 57/21, annex 1, paragraph 4.2.1) and provisions for risk characterization and analysis (MEPC 57/21, annex 1, section 5). According to section 6 of Procedure (G9), the Organization should evaluate the information provided in the application.

3 According to BWM.2/Circ.24, proposals for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances are to be submitted to Marine Environment Division of the Organization to be reviewed by the GESAMP-Ballast Water Working Group. In the meantime, a document on the proposal for approval containing all the non-confidential data related to the respective ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances needs to be submitted to MEPC 61.

4 The competent authority in the Republic of Korea has verified the application dossier, prepared by 21st Century Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., and believes that it satisfies the data requirements of Procedure (G9).

5 The system received Basic Approval under the name of "Blue Ocean Guardian" (BOG) BWMS (MEPC 60/2/5). The name was changed to "ARA Ballast" in February 2010 by the applicant in view of its future commecialization.

6 The Republic of Korea therefore submits the non-confidential part of the applicant's dossier in the annex of this document to the Organization for evaluation according to Procedure (G9). The complete dossier will be available for experts of the GESAMP-BWWG with the understanding of confidential treatment.

Action requested of the Committee

7 The Committee is invited to consider the proposal for approval and decide as appropriate.

***MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 1

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc ANNEX

NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION ON " ARA Ballast " BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Principles of disinfection of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS

2 DESCRIPTIONS OF LAND-BASED TEST SYSTEMS

2.1 The process of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS 2.2 The components of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS 2.3 Land-based test facility

3 IDENTIFICATION OF PREPARATION, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT AND OTHER CHEMICALS (G9: 4.1)

3.1 Active Substances 3.2 Relevant Chemicals 3.3 Gas 3.4 Identification of Active Substances, Relevant Chemicals and Others

4 DATA SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS

4.1 Data set on effects on aquatic plants, invertebrates and fish (G9: 4.2.1.1) 4.2 Mammalian toxicity (G9: 4.2.1.2) 4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (G9: 4.2.1.3) 4.4 Physical and chemical properties for the Active Substances and Preparations and the treated ballast water (G9: 4.2.1.4)

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Screening for persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity 6.2 Toxicity testing of the treated ballast water 6.3 Risk characterization and analysis

7 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 Ship and personnel safety 7.2 Risk to human health 7.3 Risk to the aquatic environment 7.4 Human Exposure Scenario (HES)

8 ASSESSMENT REPORT

8.1 Overview of data and endpoint 8.2 Test report data quality

9 REFERENCESMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 2

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 10 APPENDICES CONTAINED IN THE CONFIDENTIAL DOSSIER

APPENDIX 1 System description of "ARA Ballast" BWMS

APPENDIX 2 QAPP and Efficacy Test Report

APPENDIX 3 QAPP, COC Records and Test Results for Chemicals

APPENDIX 4 Request, study plan, COC records and Test Results for aquatic toxicity

APPENDIX 5 Material Safety Data Sheets

APPENDIX 6 Data sheets in MAMPEC results

APPENDIX 7 Corrosion test

APPENDIX 8 Operating data of "ARA Ballast" BWMSMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 3

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc List of Abbreviations

°C Degrees Celsius AS Active Substance BWM Ballast Water Management BWMS Ballast Water Management System cm Centimetre d Day EC 50 Effect Concentration, 50% (median effective concentration) g Gram g/h Gram per hour HAA Halogenated Acetic Acid HOBr Hypobromous acid HOCl Hypochlorous acid ISO International Organization for Standardization Koc Partition coefficient
L Litre LEL Lower explosive level LC 50 Median lethal dose LOAEL Lowest observed adverse effect level μm Micrometre m3/hr Cubic meters per hour MAMPEC Marine Anti-fouling Model to Predict Environment Concentration mg Milligram MOS Margin of Safety
mV Millivolt
N.D Not Detected NOAEL No Observable Adverse Effect Level NOEC No-effect Concentration NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential PEC Predicted Environmental Concentration pH Measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution PNEC Predicted No-effect Concentration PLC Programmable logic control POC Particulate Organic Carbon Pow Octanol-water Partition Coefficient
THM Trihalomethanes TOC Total Organic Carbon TRO Total Residual Oxidant TSS Total Suspended SolidsMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 4

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc This report is structured according to the title of "Procedure for approval of Ballast Water Management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)".

1 INTRODUCTION

The "ARA Ballast" system has previously been submitted for Basic Approval under the name of "Blue Ocean Guardian" (BOG) BWMS (see document MEPC 60/2/5) and was recommended for Basic Approval by the GESAMP-BWWG (MEPC 60/2/12, annex 8). "BOG" BWMS has been changed to "ARA Ballast" in February 2010. Since some of the tests were performed before the change of the name, the old name (BOG) is used in some parts of this report. The "ARA Ballast" BWMS was developed by 21st Century Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. The applicant proposed a combined system using a filtration module for mechanical separation, a plasma module, and a medium-pressure ultraviolet (MPUV) module. The "ARA Ballast" BWMS operates during ballasting and de-ballasting. The "ARA Ballast" BWMS ensures the inflow of organisms in the ballast water tank to be reduced to a minimum by means of a filtration module and does not allow the piling of sediments along with treatment by plasma module and MPUV module. To avoid any possible re-gro wth of aquatic organisms in the ballast water tank, the water is retreated by MPUV during de-ballasting. With the "ARA Ballast" BWMS, aquatic organisms can be disinfected or destroyed without use of any chemical substances.

1.1 Principles of disinfection of the " ARA Ballast " BWMS

1.1.1 Plasma technology

Plasma technology has been investigated as a means of preventing the invasion of organisms in ballast water due to its rate of high efficiency, low cost, lack of residue and many other advantages. Currently, this technol ogy has been reported to be able to remove aquatic organisms in ballast water and its reliability and practicality for ship-based use is highly appreciated (Adler et al ., 1998; Marsili et al ., 2002; Ohkawa et al ., 2006).

Figure 1: Mechanisms of underwater discharge

Essentially, when high voltage and current is applied between two electrodes in the reactor, it creates an ionization field then producing a high-energy plasma arc, which causes an extremely rapid rise in pressure, temperature and density flow and generated expansions as indicated in Figure 1. When the high-energy plasma produces an intensive pressure shockwave, the targeted organisms are kill ed by physical damage either by a sudden recoiling of the cell tissue or by micro-eddies created inside the cell (Akan et al ., 2006; Gamal et al ., 2008). In addition, the discharge in a two-phase medium allows generation ofMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 5

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc not just a shockwave, but also a number of hydroxyl radicals, UV-radiation and electric fields, which helps to sterilize aquatic organisms. Some of the micro-organisms that have been tested with the plasma technique by various researchers (Xiyao et al. , 2005; Zhang et al ., 2006; Moisan et al ., 2001; Feichtinger et al ., 2003; Boscariol et al 2008; Gamal et al ., 2008; Akan et al ., 2006; Miller et al ., 2000) are shown in Table 1.

Table 1: Various types of micro-organisms that have been tested by plasma

Classification of organisms Micro-organisms tested by plasma Phytoplankton Chaetoceros, Peridinium Zooplankton Euplotes, Artemia, Polychaeta

Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger

Mollusca Quagga mussel, Zebra mussel

Concerning the effectiveness of the plasma method, the voltage range is one of the most important parameters for the ballast water treatment application of the plasma technology. As shown in table 2, the plasma method can be used with either AC or DC electric power supply and voltage ranges can be divided into high, low and extra-low voltage. In the case of high voltage, the loss of power transmission is less, but it has higher energy consumption. Although low voltage has low energy consumption, an adequate sterilizing effect is not obtained when using low voltages. Therefore, with efficient components of power supply and capacitor, energy consumption can be reduced and the sterilization effect can be optimized when using high voltage. Consequently, high voltage appears to be the better choice for application in ballast water treatment. Figure 2 shows a ciliate before and after plasma treatment.

Figure 2: A protozoan (ciliate) before and after plasma treatment (Um et al. , 2008)MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 6

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc

Table 2: Voltage Ranges defined by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC voltage range AC DC Defining risk High Voltage > 1000 V rms > 1500 V Electrical Arcing Low Voltage 50~1000 V rms 120~1500V Electrical Shock Extra-Low Voltage < 50 V rms < 120V Low Risk

The sterilizing effect by plasma on various organisms can also be varied, dependent on which working gas is applied to in order to generate a plasma source. A recent study indicated that a high mortality rate was achieved when using plasma with air as a working gas rather than any other gases, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and argon. This is because plasma generated in air is known to produce more active chemical species, such as ozone, atomic oxygen, nitric oxide and superoxi de radicals as well as other free radicals. These are examples of highly reactive species that can overcome natural defense mechanisms, resulting in damage to DNA as well as causing protein, lipid and membrane damage on various aquatic organisms (Montie et al ., 2000). The reduction on different working gases to the system is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Reduction kinetics for three different working gases (Feichtinger et al ., 2003)

According to many researchers, the plasma technology for ballast water treatment application has been reported to be very reliable and is regarded as practicable based on much related research and theoretical study. Compared to state-of-the-art sterilization methods, the plasma process leads to a non-thermal sterilization of aquatic organisms without dangerous side effects or production of toxic chemicals. A further advantage is the short exposure time of only a few seconds to reach a spore reduction using this technology. For safety concerns, the incident of an ac cidental human electrocution by electrodes is known to be minimal since plasma would affect organisms only while they were located between the electrodes in the reactor. Grounding and isolation were also set up to avoid leakage of electrical currents to the exterior or electrical shocks by the voltage. Also, since safety codes and standards have to be followed for any installation or maintenance for plasma, the occurrence rate of accidents would be comparable to that of any other industrial facility (Smythe et al ., 1999).MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 7

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Currently, plasma technology is used for water sterilization in Vergennes Panton Water District in Vermont, the Georgia-Pacific Corporation, and the Village of Rouses Point in New York and Lagoon City in Ontario. It is present in many advanced countries such as Canada and the United States and is used for disinfection of aquatic organisms in various food industries and in water treatment for human consumption. Therefore, plasma disinfection has already proven to be a prom ising method for killing non-indigenous aquatic organisms and to be both an economically feasible as well as an eco-friendly method used in ballast water management systems (Mackie et al ., 2000; Miller et al ., 2000).

The plasma module, applied to the "ARA Ballast" BWMS, was specially designed based on its capacity of ballast water treatment to minimize its size and optimize its performance. The development began with a literature survey fo llowed by modification of the performance of the main components of plasma modules, plasma electrodes, power supply, capacitor and air delivery element. In case any further m odifications are necessary, the components will be modified again in order to optimize their overall performance.

1.1.2 UV technology

The ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of organism s has been proven to be suitable for disinfecting bacteria and viruses without using any additional chemical substances. Since UV works to achieve sterilization by exposing the targeted or ganisms to ultraviolet radiation, there would be neither a formation of residual toxic substances, nor that of harmful substances. Hence, the risk to the environment or human health on vessels is limited and is substantially contained when using this technology. As a proven technology, UV application also does not seem to have any known environmental concerns compared to other disinfection methods (chlorine (Cl 2 ), chloramines, chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ), etc.). Another advantage, the equipment requires only a small floor space and can be installed at any angle, which is beneficial in onboard installations within confined spaces (US EPA, IUVA). Meanwhile, as the countermeasure controls the red tide which is found in fresh water lakes, when evaluating the results from a lake in Japan, UV disinfection was found to be superior in all aspects ñ especially, economical, efficient and easy in application.

Ultraviolet (UV) light is the electromagnetic spectrum with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than x-rays in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm. UV radiation can be divided into three sub-groups depending on the wavelength: UV-A (315-400 nm: which can be found in the textile industry, archaeology, geological base rock searches, criminal investigations, discernment of counterfeit notes and special illumination), UV-B (280-315 nm: which is found in suntans, photochemistry control, skin disease care, meteorological test equipment and medical tr eatments) and UV-C (200-280 nm: which can be found in various methods of disinfection of water and air deodorization).

UV-C and UV-B are present in the disinfection wavelength and have the shortest wavelengths (200-300 nm). The ozone, DNA and protein absorb wavelengths well. UV-C is generally considered to be the most effective deterrent against bacteria and viruses from a close distance of 260 nm. UV-C has become known as the germicidal spectrum at the wavelength which has the highest sterilizing power, which is at a 264 nm wavelength (SWRCB, 2002). The electromagnetic spectrum is briefly shown in Figure 4.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 8

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Figure 4: Electromagnetic spectrum

UV lamps are usually divided into two types. Low pressure (LP) mercury arc lamps emit monochromatic UV light at a UV-C range and t he higher intensity medium pressure (MP) mercury arc lamps emit UV polychromatic light at all UV wavelengths, but are concentrated at selected peaks within the germicidal wavelength region. The characteristics of LP and MPUV lamps are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: Characteristics of LP and MPUV lamps (EPRI, 1999)

Characteristic Low pressure Medium pressure

Wavelength Monochromatic, 85-90% at 254 nm Polychromatic, 185-1,400 nm Operating temperature 40-60°C 500-800°C Electrical input 2 W/cm 50-250 W/cm Germicidal UV output 0.7 W/cm 5-30 W/cm Arc length 40-75 cm 5-40 cm

Lifetime 8,000-10,000 h 2,000-5,000 h Emission Continuous-wave Continuous-wave Mercury vapour Pressure 10-3-10-2torr 102-104torr Relative number of lamps High Low

Relative light intensity Low Medium

Concerning electrical effectiveness, LP technology appears to be the better choice. However, for application to ballast water treatment other parameters are also relevant. These are summarized in Table 4.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 9

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Table 4: Relevant parameters for ballast water treatment application of UV technologies

Technology Low pressure Medium pressure
Parameters Rating Reason Rating Reason

Footprint Poor High number of lamps Good Low number of lamps

Pressure loss Poor High number of lamps Good Low number of lamps

Efficiency (Germicidal) Moderate Monochromatic action spectrum, 254 nm Good Polychromatic action spectrum, Each micro-organism has a unique action spectrum; Damage to other molecules than DNA, e.g., enzymes

Reliability Good Low operating temperature. High lamp life Moderate High operating temperature; Average lamp life.

Power consumption Low High UVC output at 254 nm Moderate High UVC output in the range of 200-300 nm

As a result of the comparisons in Tables 3 and 4, it is concluded that MP technology has higher degree of vacuum, more mercury, and higher UV intensity than LP technology. MP technology can be used in ballast water treatment as it emits a wide spectrum of UV light affecting a wide range of micro-organisms. Therefore, MP technology is most efficacious for ballast water application.

UV is the technological option for waste, aquaculture, drinking and water processing. UV sterilizes micro-organisms by photoc hemical damage to biological components particularly by breaking chemical bonds in the DNA and RNA molecules and proteins in the cell. Combining this method with mechanical separation such as filtration or hydrocyclone is necessary due to interference with turbidity and sediment in ballast water.

The results of Gloster-Herbert (2002) show the general requirements for UV devices. The UV treatment system (90% transmittance) reduces bacteria and the MS-2 coliphage virus by 90% and phytoplankton potential growth by >50%. Some phytoplankton with the capability to re-grow may survive. Putting the phytoplankton in dark tanks increases the mortality rates.

The amount of damage caused by UV radiation is related to the intensity and amount of exposure in which organisms are exposed to a germicidal wavelength range. The reduction rate of bacteria and viruses irradiated with a dose of 20 mW/cm 2 /sec obviously presents that the inactivation rate of the organic matters such as Bacillus antracis, Clostridium tetan, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Poliovirus, Shigella dysenteriae etc., was almost near 100% (SWRCB, 2002).MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 10

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc The UV dose of 60 mWs/cm 2 is effective for the removal of bacteria, most viruses and many protists. A dose of 120 mWs/cm 2 is effective for almost all micro-organisms except highly resistant cysts and viruses. In laboratory tests, it has been demonstrated, that UV irradiation can be effective for the inactivation of the dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp . and vegetative cells of Gymnodinium catenatum (Rigby & Taylor, 2001).

The MPUV module, applied to the "ARA Ballast" BWMS, was specially designed to achieve optimal performance even with minimal space. The development began with a literature survey followed by testing and verifying the treatment efficiency dependent on the exposure time of UV dosage of the MPUV module. Consequently, all of these considerations were taken into account to prevent any re-growth of aquatic organisms when designing the MPUV module.

2 DESCRIPTIONS OF LAND-BASED TEST SYSTEMS

2.1 The process of the " ARA Ballast " BWMS

Figure 5: Schematic process diagram of the " ARA Ballast " BWMS

Ballast water is treated during ballasting by a filtration module, a plasma module, and a MPUV module. During ballasting, the filtration module removes aquatic organisms and particles larger than 50 μ m and back-flushing water, which includes organisms and particles retained by automatic back-flushing devices, is returned overboard. After filtration, aquatic organisms are disinfected by discharge plasma with supplied air, and then residual aquatic organisms are disinfected by a MPUV sequentially. During de-ballasting, the filtration module and the plasma module are bypassed. The MPUV then disinfects and de-ballasts the water again. The schematic process diagram of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS is briefly shown in Figure 5 and a detailed description is prepared in appendix 1.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 11

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Figure 6: Schematic illustration of the land-based test facility for control and ballast mode

Figure 7: Schematic illustration of the land-based test facility for the de-ballasting mode

Schematic illustrations of the test facility for control and ballast mode and de-ballasting mode are shown in Figures 6 and 7.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 12

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 2.2 The components of the " ARA Ballast " BWMS

The "ARA Ballast" BWMS is a superior system that can perfectly treat organic matters in ballast water causing no harm to humans or its surroundings. The "ARA Ballast" BWMS is composed of: 1) a filtration module, 2) a plasma module that can destroy aquatic organisms by intensive shockwaves, 3) a MPUV module di sinfects aquatic organisms by UV radiation, and 4) a system control module and auxiliary f unctions that can manage the entire system. The system is composed of four main modules:

.1 filtration module;

.2 plasma module;

.3 MPUV module; and

.4 system control module and auxiliary functions.

A detailed description is prepared in appendix 1.

2.2.1 Filtration module

The filtration module is composed of a 34 μ m x 34 μ m filter element with an automatic back-flushing function in order to remove any larger particles and organisms above 50 μ m in size from the water. The filtration module is fully automatic in terms of its operation and cleaning capabilities without interrupting the filtration process, and back-flushing water which is returned overboard. The main mechanism of this filtration is that by increasing the treatment capacity based on its fluid dynami cs, the designed components can maximize the back-flushing process. In addition, it is a system that automatically discharges those impurities by differential pressure after the filtration process. The most distinguished feature of this module is the double filtration process, which is highly accurate and reliable for filtering micro-organisms. The filtration module operates only during ballasting. A detailed description is prepared in appendix 1.

2.2.2 Plasma module

This module is composed of the following elements:

.1 plasma electrode;

.2 power supply;

.3 capacitor; and

.4 air delivery element.

The plasma module is known as the module that can generate plasma underwater by using a high-voltage generator during its encounter with the ballast water in the vessel. Then, the high-energy plasma arc produces a pressure s hockwave by dramatic differential-pressure, which destroys targeted micro-organisms such as zooplankton and phytoplankton by causing physical damage to their cell membranes underwater. The treatment by this plasma module generates a shockwave and air bubbles to increase the mortality on micro-organisms. The plasma module operates only during ballasting. A detailed description is prepared in appendix 1.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 13

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 2.2.3 MPUV module

This module is composed of the following elements:

.1 UV lamp;

.2 quartz sleeve;

.3 electronic ballast;

.4 UV sensor and temperature sensor;

.5 UV chamber; and

.6 auto cleaning wiper.

The MPUV module was specially designed to deacti vate or disinfect any bacteria, virus, plankton or germs within a short period of time, but also for safe seawater discharge and supplies on the vessel. For this purpose, a number of lamps had been equipped in the chamber and designed to control the lamp power automatically, along with an auto-flushing function and the detection of any malfunctions. Then, all of the information would be displayed on the monitor for normal function. The MPUV module operates during ballasting and de-ballasting. A detailed description on MPUV module is prepared in appendix 1.

2.2.4 System control module

The system control module controls the "ARA Ballast" BWMS and supplies power to all items. The system control module consists of a power supply and auto-controller as one module, and the system control can be easily manipulated by using the interface based on the graphics. A detailed description on syst em control module is prepared in appendix 1.

2.3 Land-based test facility

The land-based test facility is established in the city of Tong-Yeong, which is located in the southern part of GyeongNam province, the Republic of Korea, in accordance with IMO requirements, and its performance was tested based on chemical analysis, toxicity and corrosion testing. The land-based test facility is shown in Figure 8.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 14

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Figure 8: Land-based test facility at 21st Century Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Tong-Yeong, the Republic of Korea

Currently at this facility, there is a test water tank-B.W.T.1 (300 m 3 ), a treated water tank-B.W.T.3 (300 m 3 ), a control water 1 tank-B.W.T.2 (300 m 3 ) and ballast pump (350 m 3 /h) for the transportation of test water and treated water. The ballast water treatment process of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS is shown in Figure 9.

1 Control water is seawater that only flows throughout the ballast pump in order to evaluate the performance of the BWMS under the same biological conditions as treated water, but is not treated by the treatment system.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 15

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Figure 9: Schematic process diagram of the land-based test facility of the " ARA Ballast " BWMS and Sampling port installed in a pipe

All tanks have drain valves at the bottom of the tank. Water contained in the tank may be drained. The land-based test facility has one sampling point in the pipes. The sampling port is located in the centre of the pipe in order to receive representative samples from the sample point.

2.3.1 Operation

For test operations, UV transmittance of water was in a range of approximately 85%. In this operation, the UV dose was in a range of about 300 mJ/cm 2

.

Flow rate 250 ± 10 m 3 /hr

Treatments Two treatments, during ballasting (Plasma + UV) and during de-ballasting (UV)

Power consumption Less than 0.2 kW for the Filtration module, less than 33 kW for MPUV module and less than 2 kW for the plasma module, respectively

Treated volume More than 250 m 3
Salinity 34 psu (Seawater), 20 psu (Blackish water)MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 16

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 2.3.2 Sampling and measurement

The Full-scale test facility has five sampling valves in the "ARA Ballast" BWMS. The sampling locations (valves) are showed in Figure 9. Every sample was taken after water homogenate by an air blower, which was located in the bottom of the tanks. All samples for chemical analyses and performance analyses were collected from S1 to S5 (Tables 5). S1 is the sampling site of the storage tank for raw seawater containing organisms, heterotrophic bacteria and some organic matters after pre-filtration. S2 and S3 are sampling sites of storage tanks for treated and control water on day 0 and day 1 after ballasting, respectively. S4 represents de-ballasting of control water and of treated water after five days at the discharge stage, respectively. S5 represent s the gas sampling point immediately after treatment of ballast water on day 0. Various aquatic organisms, starch and glucose were supplied to meet the condition of test water in accordance with Guidelines (G8). For detail information, please refer to appendix 2.

Table 5: Sample information and sample tag for efficacy testing and chemical analysis of " ARA Ballast " BWM system

Salinity (psu) 34 20
Elapsed time (day) 0 1 5 0 1 5 Test water (S1) BOGS34S 1 D 0 -1 - - BOGS20S 1 D 0 -1* - -

B BOGS34S 2 BD 0 -1 BOGS34S 2 D 1 -1 BOGS34S 2 BD 5 -1 BOGS20S 2 BD 0 -1 BOGS20S 2 D 1 -1 BOGS20S 2 BD 5 -1
M BOGS34S 2 MD 0 -1 - BOGS34S 2 MD 5 -1 BOGS20S 2 MD 0 -1 - BOGS20S 2 MD 5 -1 Control water (S2) E BOGS34S 2 ED 0 -1 - BOGS34S 2 ED 5 -1 BOGS20S 2 ED 0 -1 - BOGS20S 2 ED 5 -1
Before ** - - BOGS34S 3 D 5 -1 - - BOGS20S 3 D 5 -1
B BOGS34S 3 BD 0 -1 BOGS34S 3 D 1 -1 BOGS34S 4 BD 5 -1 BOGS20S 3 BD 0 -1 BOGS20S 3 D 1 -1 BOGS20S 4 BD 5 -1
M BOGS34S 3 MD 0 -1 - BOGS34S 4 MD 5 -1 BOGS20S 3 MD 0 -1 - BOGS20S 4 MD 5 -1 Treated

water (S3,S4)

E BOGS34S 3 ED 0 -1 - BOGS34S 4 ED 5 -1 BOGS20S 3 ED 0 -1 - BOGS20S 4 ED 5 -1 Gas sampling (S5) BOGS34S 5 D 0 -1 - - BOGS20S 5 D 0 -1 - -
* Period, -1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6. * Before treated water sampling after 5 daysMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 17

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Table 6: Sample information for efficacy testing of " ARA Ballast " BWMS

Sample for Sampling location Volume of Sample Remark

Test water 1 S1 5 L/20 L/1 L/1 L Basic water parameters (DO, ORP, pH Salinity, Temperature, Turbidity) Viable organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm) Bacteria (Heterotrophic, Escherichia coli

, Intestinal Enterococci

, toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae )

Control water after ballasting on day 0 S2 5 L/20 L/1 L/1 L
Treated water during ballasting on day 0 S3 5 L/1 m 3 /10 L/1 L Gas sampling S5 - Treated water during de-ballasting on day 5 S4 5 L/1 m 3 /10 L/1 L Control water during de-ballasting on day 5 S2 5 L/20 L/1 L/1 L

1 Test waters including organism ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

2.3.3 Basic parameters of test water

All of efficacy test was performed under the suitable test water condition in accordance with Guidelines (G8).

Table 7: Basic parameters of test water for 34 psu and 20 psu

Cycle Period DOC (mg/L) POC * (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) Temp. (°C) pH DO (mg/L) ORP (mV) Salinity (psu) 1 1.67 2.25 34.10 16.71 8.49 7.82 416 34.11 2 1.94 1.39 27.10 16.06 7.99 8.21 564 34.39 3 2.70 1.22 28.00 12.40 8.05 9.10 517 34.40 4 1.71 1.30 23.30 11.75 8.05 8.94 577 34.47 34
psu

5 2.85 1.77 27.50 11.07 8.07 9.07 560 34.52 1 9.60 14.50 51.30 10.00 7.42 9.41 468 23.75 2 9.52 14.50 59.70 7.72 8.23 10.31 561 22.94 3 9.13 15.50 61.60 7.42 8.27 10.78 574 22.20 4 9.50 13.70 52.90 5.96 8.29 11.09 549 22.66 20
psu

5 10.3 16.50 61.60 4.62 8.23 11.52 569 23.57

* POC (Particulate organic carbon) is esti mated from TOC (Total organic carbon).MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 18

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Table 8: Density of organisms and types of organisms in the test water

Viable Organisms

Cycle Period ≥ 50 μ m (inds./m 3 ) ≥ 10-50 μ m (inds./ml) Heterotrophic Bacteria (cells/ml)

1 3 Phyla/Division 6 Species 138,250 3 Phyla/Division 10 species 3,077 32,500

2 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 128,000 3 Phyla/Division 8 Species 1,603 19,773

3 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 252,660 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 1,483 18,000

4 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 139,250 3 Phyla/Division 12 Species 1,639 16,727 34
psu

5 3 Phyla/Division 6 Species 509,100 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 1,949 9,409

1 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 436,500 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 1,974 20,227

2 4 Phyla/Division 5 Species 387,000 4 Phyla/Division 7 Species 1,748 11,954

3 3 Phyla/Division 5 Species 425,000 3 Phyla/Division 7 Species 1,593 13,772

4 3 Phyla/Division 8 Species 307,000 4 Phyla/Division 8 Species 3,132 16,090 20
psu

5 3 Phyla/Division 6 Species 301,000 3 Phyla/Division 13 Species 1,358 16,863

2.3.4 Efficacy test result

All of the efficacy test results satisfy regulation D-2, verifying that "ARA Ballast" BWMS is reliable underthe land-based test. For details of results, please refer to appendix 2.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 19

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Table 9: Efficacy test result

Cycle Period ≥ 50 μm organisms 1 ≥ 10-50 μm organisms 2 Coliform 3 E

. coli 4 Enterococci 5 V

. cholerae 6

B 0 6 0 0 0 0
M 0 7 0 0 0 0 1
E 0 2 0 0 0 0
B 0 1 0 0 0 0
M 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
E 0 0 0 0 0 0
B 8 5 0 0 0 0
M 0 5 0 0 0 0 3
E 0 6 0 0 0 0
B 0 3 0 0 0 0
M 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
E 2 1 0 0 0 0
B 1 5 0 0 0 0
M 1 4 0 0 0 0 34
psu

5
E 0 1 0 0 0 0
B 0 5 0 0 0 0
M 0 6 0 0 0 0 1
E 0 8 0 0 0 0
B 1 3 0 0 0 0
M 0 3 0 0 0 0 2
E 0 2 0 0 0 0
B 0 7 0 0 0 0
M 0 7 0 0 0 0 3
E 0 7 0 0 0 0
B 0 2 0 0 0 0
M 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
E 0 3 0 0 0 0
B 0 1 0 0 0 0
M 0 1 0 0 0 0 20
psu

5
E 0 0 0 0 0 0

B: beginning; M: middle; E: end.
1 inds./m 3

, 2 inds./ml, 3 cfu/ml, 4 cfu/100 ml, 5 cfu/100 ml, 6 cfu/100 ml.

3 IDENTIFICATION OF PREPARATION, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT AND OTHER CHEMICALS (G9: 4.1)

3.1 Active Substances

The "ARA Ballast" BWMS consists of filtration, plasma and MPUV modules. In the case of the filtration module, the removal of aquatic organisms will be achieved only by means of a mechanical method. Therefore, this will not produce any Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals and other chemical substances.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 20

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc In the plasma module, ionization of the injected air bubbles takes place as electric pulses are applied to the medium. This then leads to a partial discharge and to partial discharge activity in the air bubbles, resulting in the formation of Active Substances as described as follows:

- UV light is transmitted into the liquid;

- Free electrons and ions are produced; and

- Ozone and atomic oxygen are produced (if oxygen is present in the natural state of air).

During the discharge process, the occurrence of partial breakdown may also produce complete breakdown of the liquid once plasma has been formed. This may also lead to some of the following active species and effects being produced as below.

When the plasma is formed, the following effects and compounds may be created:

- Free radicals (superoxide, hydroxyl, singlet oxygen radical);

- Shockwave production; and

- Localized plasma-thermal effects.

As described above, the main mechanism of disinfection by a plasma module is an intensive pressure shockwave, which is produced by the high-energy plasma. Due to the formation of ozone and other chemical species by the plasma process, we defined the Active Substances, Relevant Chemical and other chemicals in the following table. The Active Substances indicated in Table 10 may theoretically all be formed in the plasma, but none of them were found in the test results. Therefore, there is no concern related to the handling, storage and neutralization of these Active Substances.

In the case of UV irradiation, it is known to produce OH · radicals under dissolved organic matter and/or nitrate in water. OH · radicals produced by UV irradiation affect aquatic micro-organisms and pathogens directly and indirectly. Therefore photons can be regarded as a disinfectant and can be defined as an Active Substances as well.

Table 10: Active Substances of the " ARA Ballast " BWMS

Concentration at Compound CAS number MDL 34 psu 20 psu Superoxide (O 2 - ) NN NN NN NN Single oxygen radical (O h ) NN NN NN NN Hydroxyl radical (OH h ) 3352-57-6 NN NN NN Electron ( e - ) NN NN NN NN Ozone (O 3 ) 10028-15-6 0.02 mg/L ND ND

NN: not necessary; ND: not detected.

3.2 Relevant Chemicals

To identify chemical products of concern to t he environment from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with dissolved organic matters and/or nitrate, chlorinated organic compounds as mentioned below in section 3.4.2, including trihalomethane (THM), haloacetonitrile (HAN),MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 21

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc haloaceticacid (HAA), chlorinated phenol, brominated phenol, some gases, absorbable organic halogens (AOX) and extractable organic halogens (EOX), were analysed in seawater and brackish water tests (Tables 13 and 14). With the use of plasma, Active Substances such as ozone and chlorine dioxide can be produced as a gas state.

3.3 Gas

Treated water collected immediately after plasma and MPUV treatment was analysed for hydrogen (H 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and chlorine (Cl 2 ). All analyses of chemical compounds were carried out by the accredited laboratory, KTR. Standard analysis methods are listed in Table 12 and appendix 3.

Table 11: Gaseous constituent in the " ARA Ballast " BWMS

Analysed at Gas MDL 34 psu 20 psu Hydrogen (%) 0.05 0.05 0.16 Ozone ( μ L/L) 0.05 0.00 0.00 Chlorine ( μ L/L) 0.10 0.00 0.00

Table 12: List of standard methods were applied to chemical analysis in this study

Compound Standard method (year) Instrument TRO US EPA 330.3 (1978)

FRO Drinking Water Quality Standard and Test ES 05310, Korea (2009) OT-method

Ozone Chlorine dioxide Standard Method 4500-O 3 -B (2005) and/or 4500-ClO 2 -B (2005) Indigo Colorimetric Method and/or Titration Method Chlorinated organic compounds EPA 524.2(1995) Purge & trap GC/MS

Sulfide Standard Method 4500-S -2 -D (2005) Iodometric method
Bromate ISO 15061 (2001) HPLC/Agilent/USA Bromide US EPA 300.1 (1997) IC/DX-500/Dionex/USA

AOX ISO 9562 (2004) Cl 10/Behr LaborTechnik/Germany
Halo-acetonitrils US EPA 551.1 (1995) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA
Halo-acetic acid US EPA 552.2 (1995) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA
Chlorinated phenols US EPA 8041A (2007) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA
Bromated phenols US EPA 8041A (2007) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA DOC, POC ISO 8245 (1999(E)) TOC CPH /Shimazu/Japan Hydrogen gas GC-TCD
Ozone and chlorine gas Detector tube kitMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 22

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 3.4 Identification of Active Substances, Relevant Chemicals and Others

3.4.1 Active Substances

Analysis results are shown in Tables 13 and 14. For detailed information, please refer to appendix 3. As shown in the results, Active Substances, which theoretically may be formed in the plasma, were not detected.

3.4.2 Relevant Chemicals

To identify chemical products of concern to t he environment from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with dissolved organic matters and/or nitrate, chlorinated organic compound as mentioned in section 3.1, trihalomethane (THM), haloacetonitrile (HAN), haloaceticacid (HAA), chlorinated phenol, brominated phenol, some gases, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and others were analysed in seawater and brackish water test (Tables 13 and 14). Analysis results show that only Relevant Chemicals such as chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, and 4-chlorotoluene were produced in small amounts by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS. The concentration of chlorobenzene was 0.13 μ g/L, bromobenzene was 0.18 μ g/L, 4-chlorotoluene was 0.10 μ g/L on day 5 for treated water discharge. For detailed information, please refer to appendix 3.

Table 13: Active Substances, Relevant Chemicals and Others in 34 psu test

Sampling time 0 day (2009.11.12) 1 day (2009.11.13) 5 day (2009.11.17)
Sampling point/tank Test water Control Treated Control Treated Control Beforedeballast Afterdeballast Sample tag BOGS34S 1 D 0 -2 BOGS34S 2 M

D 0 -2 BOGS34S 3 M

D 0 -2 BOGS34S 2 D 1 -2 BOGS34S 3 D 1 -2 BOGS34S 2 M

D 5 -2 BOGS34S 3 D 5 -2 BOGS34S 4 M

D 5 -2 Compounds MDL Active Substance (mg/L)
TRO 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND FRO 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Ozone(O 3 ) 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ClO 2 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Sulfide(S-2) 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromate(BrO 3 -) ( μ g/L) 0.13 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromide(Br-) 0.01 65.5 63.5 64.2 62.4 63.2 65.5 64.5 63.5 Chlorinated organic compounds (μg/L) 1,1,1- Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1,2- Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1,2,2- Tetrachloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1,1,2- Tetrachloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,2,3- Trichlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 23

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 1,2,3- Trichloropropane 0.01 ND ND 0.45 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00
1,2,4- Trichlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1-Dichloroethene 0.02 ND 0.01 ND ND 0.02 ND ND ND 1,2- Dichloropropane 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4-chlorotoluene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND 0.12 0.10 Bromobenzene 0.01 ND ND 0.32 ND 0.21 ND 0.15 0.18Bromochloromethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Chlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND 0.16 ND 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.13 cis-1,2- dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dibromochloromethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dibromomethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDDichlorobromomethane 0.01 0.31 0.30 ND 0.27 ND 0.18 ND ND

Dichloromethane 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Tetrachloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDTetrachloromethane 0.01 0.79 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
trans-1,2- dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Trichloromethane 0.01 3.38 1.23 1.02 0.89 0.68 0.63 0.58 0.49 Tribromomethane 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,4- Tribrombenzene 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,3,5- Tribrombenzene 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Halo-acetonitriles (μg/L) Dibromoacetonitrile 0.004 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDBromochloroacetonitrile 0.003 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chloropicrin 0.003 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chloral hydrate 0.002 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDTrichloroacetonitrile 0.001 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dichloroacetonitrile 0.001 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Halo-acetic acids (μg/L) 2- monochloroacetic acid 0.059 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.166 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dalapon acid 0.103 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2- trichloroacetic acid 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 24

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 2,2- bromochloroacetic acid 0.035 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2,2-bromodichloroacetic acid 0.014 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2,2- tribromoacetic acid 0.094 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2- monobromoacetic acid 0.049 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.022 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chlorinated Phenols (μg/L) 2-Chlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3-Chlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4-Chlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3-Dichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4-Dichlorophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,5-Dichlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,6-Dichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,4-Dichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,5-Dichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4- Trichlorophenol + 3,4,5- Trichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,5- Trichlorophenol + 2,4,5- Trichlorophenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,6- Trichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,6- Trichlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,5- Tetrachlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,6- Tetrachlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,5,6- Tetrachlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Pentachlorophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromophenols (μg/L) 2,4-Dibromophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,6-Dibromophenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4,6- Tribromophenol 0.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND, not detectedMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 25

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Table 14: Active Substances, Relevant Chemicals and Others in 20 psu test

Sampling time 0 day (2009.12.17) 1 day (2009.12.18) 5 day (2009.12.22)
Sampling point/tank Test water Control Treated Control Treated Control Beforedeballast Afterdeballast Sample tag BOGS20S 1 D 0 -2 BOGS20S 2 M

D 0 -2 BOGS20S 3 M

D 0 -2 BOGS20S 2 D 1 -2 BOGS20S 3 D 1 -2 BOGS20S 2 M

D 5 -2 BOGS20S 3 D 5 -2 BOGS20S 4 M

D 5 -2 Compounds MDL Active Substance (mg/L)
TRO 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND FRO 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Ozone(O 3 ) 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ClO 2 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Sulfide(S-2) 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromate(BrO 3 -) ( μ g/L) 0.13 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Bromide(Br-) 0.01 37.5 36.9 37.4 36.8 37.1 37.5 36.4 36.9 Chlorinated organic compounds (μg/L) 1,1,1- Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1,2- Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1,2,2- Tetrachloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1,1,2- Tetrachloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,2,3- Trichlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,2,3- Trichloropropane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,2,4- Trichlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,2-Dibromo-3- chloropropane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,1-Dichloroethene 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2- Dichloropropane 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4-chlorotoluene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDBromochloromethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Chlorobenzene 0.01 0.33 0.32 0.21 0.17 0.18 0.04 0.05 0.06 cis-1,2- dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dibromochloromethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dibromomethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 26

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.docDichlorobromomethane 0.01 0.13 0.12 ND 0.08 ND 0.02 ND ND

Dichloromethane 0.02 0.98 0.83 0.51 ND ND ND ND ND Tetrachloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDTetrachloromethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
trans-1,2- dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Trichloromethane 0.01 4.15 3.85 1.13 2.95 0.92 0.85 0.37 0.45 Tribromomethane 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,4- Tribrombenzene 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
1,3,5- Tribrombenzene 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Halo-acetonitriles (μg/L)
Dibromoacetonitrile 0.004 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDBromochloroacetonitrile 0.003 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chloropicrin 0.003 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chloral hydrate 0.002 0.27 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.08 0.05 0.07Trichloroacetonitrile 0.001 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Dichloroacetonitrile 0.001 0.38 0.35 0.30 0.21 0.10 0.19 0.03 0.04 Halo-acetic acids (μg/L)
2- monochloroacetic acid 0.059 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.166 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dalapon acid 0.103 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2- trichloroacetic acid 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,2- bromochloroacetic acid 0.035 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2,2- bromodichloroaceti c acid 0.014 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2,2- tribromoacetic acid 0.094 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2- monobromoacetic acid 0.049 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.022 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chlorinated Phenols (μg/L) 2-Chlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3-Chlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4-Chlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3-Dichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4-Dichlorophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,5-Dichlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 27

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 2,6-Dichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,4-Dichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,5-Dichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4- Trichlorophenol + 3,4,5- Trichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,5- Trichlorophenol + 2,4,5- Trichlorophenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,6- Trichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,4,6- Trichlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,5- Tetrachlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,4,6- Tetrachlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2,3,5,6- Tetrachlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Pentachlorophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromophenols (μg/L) 2,4-Dibromophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,6-Dibromophenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4,6- Tribromophenol 0.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

ND, not detected

4 DATA SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS

4.1 Data set on effects on aquatic plants, invertebrates and fish (G9: 4.2.1.1)

4.1.1 Acute aquatic toxicity

Acute toxicity tests with the "ARA Ballast" BWMS treated seawater and brackish water covering multiple test species (a fish, an invertebrate and a plant) indicated no acute toxicity to any test organisms at any effluent concentrations as tested (see report in appendix 4, section 3.1). The results are summarized in Tables 15 and 16.

Algae : Study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on the diatom, Skeletonema costatum, for 72 hours, NOEC and LOEC values from Hypothesis Test and EC 50 value based on the cell densities at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 34 psu and 20 psu ballast water treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS.

Crustacean : Study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on the copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, for 48 hours, EC 50 and LC 50 values based on mobilization and survival data at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 34 psu and 20 psu ballast water treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 28

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Fish : Study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus , for 96 hours, LC 50 values based on survival data at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 34 psu and 20 psu ballast water treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS.

4.1.2 Chronic aquatic toxicity

The most sensitive organisms for ballast water treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS were the algae, Skeletonema costatum and the fish, Paralichthys olivaceus respectively, for the 20 psu and 34 psu that gave the LOEC values of 100.00% from aquatic toxicity test results. However, EC 50 values of algae and fish were greater than 100.00%. Besides these two organisms, any others did not indicate significant chronic toxicity effect (see report in appendix 4, section 3.1). The results are summarized in Tables 17 and 18.

Algae : Study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on the diatom, Skeletonema costatum , for 96 hours, NOEC and LOEC values from Hypothesis Test and EC 50 value based on the cell densities at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 34 psu and 20 psu ballast water treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS.

Crustacean : Study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on the copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, for 28 days, NOEC and LOEC values from Hypothesis Test, EC 50 and LC 50 values based on reproduction and survival data at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 34 psu and 20 psu ballast water treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS.

Fish: Study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus , for 7 days, NOEC and LOEC values from Hypothesis Test and LC 50 values based on survival data at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 34 psu and 20 psu ballast water treated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS.

Table 15: Acute aquatic toxicity of 34 psu ballast water treated by " ARA Ballast " BWMS

LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc.(%) Reference/Comments/ justification for missing data

Algae Skeletonema costatum EC 50 72 h > 100 OECD 201

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC 50 48 h LC 50 48 h > 100 > 100 OECD 202

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus LC 50 96 h > 100 OECD 203

Table 16: Acute aquatic toxicity of 20 psu ballast water treated by " ARA Ballast " BWMS

LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc. (%) Reference/Comments/ justification for missing data
Algae Skeletonema costatum EC 50 72 h > 100 OECD 201

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC 50 48 h LC 50 48 h > 100 > 100 OECD 202

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus LC 50 96 h > 100 OECD 203MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 29

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Table 17: Chronic aquatic toxicity of 34 psu ballast water treated by " ARA Ballast " BWMS

NOEC LOEC LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species Conc. (%) End point Conc. (%) Reference

Algae Skeletonema costatum 100 100 > 100 > 100 EC 50 72 h EC 50 96 h > 100 > 100 OECD 201

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus 100 100 > 100 > 100 EC 50 28 D LC 50 28 D > 100 > 100 OECD 211

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus 50 100 LC 50 7 D > 100 OECD 212

Table 18: Chronic aquatic toxicity of 20 psu ballast water treated by " ARA Ballast " BWMS

NOEC LOEC LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species Conc. (%) End point Conc. (%) Reference

Algae Skeletonema costatum 100 50 > 100 100 EC 50 72 h EC 50 96 h > 100 > 100 OECD 201

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus 100 100 > 100 > 100 EC 50 28 D LC 50 28 D > 100 > 100 OECD 211

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus 100 > 100 LC 50 7 D > 100 OECD 212

4.1.3 Endocrine disruption

No reports were found that indicated the Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals listed in the dossier may be endocrine disrupters in aquatic organisms.

4.1.4 Sediment toxicity

Chlorobenzene and bromobenzene have log Kow values <3, thus very low accumulation potential in sediments. Result of 4-chlorotoluene showed values that exceed as 3.18.

4.1.5 Bioavailability/biomagnifications/bioconcentration

Reviewing Log Pow values for compounds, it is concluded that the bioaccumulation potential should be considered very low except for 4-chlorotoluene.

4.1.6 Food web/population effects

Information about these was not found anywhere.

4.2 Mammalian toxicity (G9: 4.2.1.2)

Tests were not carried out. However, related information is described in MSDS (refer to appendix 5).MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 30

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 4.2.1 Acute toxicity and Chronic and long-term toxicity

Tests were not carried out. However, related information is described in MSDS (refer to appendix 5).

4.2.2 Effect on eye and skin

Tests were not carried out. However, related information is described in MSDS (refer to appendix 5).

4.2.4 Development, reproductive toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity

Tests were not carried out. However, related information is described in MSDS (refer to appendix 5).

4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (G9: 4.2.1.3)

Tests were not carried out. However, related information is described in MSDS (refer to appendix 5).

4.3.1 Mode of degradation, Bioaccumulation, partition coefficient and octanol/water coefficient

Tests were not carried out. However, related information is described in MSDS (refer to appendix 5).

4.3.2 Persistence and identification of the main metabolites in the relevant media (ballast water, marine and fresh water)

Tests were not carried out. However, related information is described in MSDS (refer to appendix 5).

4.3.3 Reaction with organic matter

Not applicable (see appendix 5).

4.3.4 Potential physical effects on wildlife and benthic habitats

Not applicable (see appendix 5).

4.3.5 Potential residue in seafood

Not applicable (see appendix 5).

4.3.6 Any known interactive effects

Not applicable (see appendix 5).MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 31

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 4.4 Physical and chemical properties for the Active Substances and Preparations and the treated ballast water (G9: 4.2.1.4)

Table 19: Physical and chemical properties for preparation

Physical and chemical Property Chlorobenzene Bromobenzene 4-chlrotoluene
Melting point (°C) - 45 .2 - 30.6 7.5 Boiling point (°C) 131.7 156.0 162 Flammability (flash point for liquids; °C) - 51 51.9
Density (20°C; kg/m 3 ) - 1495.2 1.0697 at 20°C Vapour pressure (20°C; Pa) - 4.18 mmHg at 25°C 3.1 hPa at 20°C Vapour density (air = 1) - 2.46 - Water solubility (temp; effect of pH; mg/L) 400.5 mg/L at 25°C 4.46× 10 2 mg/L at 30°C 0.1 g/L at 20°C
Explosive properties

- - Lower : 0.7 % by vol. Upper : 12.2% by vol. Surface tension (newtons/m (SI) or dynes/cm (cgs)) - 0.036 N/m at 20°C 322.4 dynes/cm at 25°C Viscosity (mPa.s) - 1.124 cp at 20°C 0.892 mPa-s at 20°C Henry's Law Constant (Pa.m 3 /mol) 0.00311 at

m-m 3 /mole 2.47 ×10 -3 atm

m 3 /mol at 25°C 0.00438 atm-m 3 /mol
Partition Coefficient (Koc) 291.4 393.2 775.7 Log Pow (Kow) 2.84 2.88 3.18

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)

Refer to appendix 5.

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Screening for persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity

These criteria were applied on the Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals detected in the treated ballast water (see section 3). Only three compounds were detected in treated water at discharge, i.e. chlorobenzene, bomobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene (Table 13, also refer to appendix 3). Persistence should preferably be assessed in simulation test systems that determine the half-life under relevant conditions. Bioaccumulation test should use measured bio-concentration factor in marine or freshwater organisms. Toxicity test, acute and/or chronic eco-toxicity data, ideally coveri ng the sensitive life stage, should in principle be used for the assessment of the toxicity criterion (Table 20).MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 32

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Table 20: PBT evaluation based on water

Compounds Persistency (Yes/No) Bioaccumulation (Yes/No) Toxicity (Yes/No)

Chlorobenzene Half-life : 15 d (No) Log Pow : 2.84 (No) Algae-Acute EC 50 : 12.5 mg/L/96h (No)

Bromobenzene Half-life : 38 d (No) Log Pow : 2.88 (No) Algae-Acute LC 50 : 5.8 mg/L/24h (No)

4-chlorotoluene Half-life : 38 d (No) Log Pow : 3.18 (Yes) Fish-Chronic NOEC : 0.19 mg/L/30d (No)

PBT criterion > 60 days in marine water Log Pow ≥ 3 Chronic NOEC < 0.01 mg/L

6.2 Toxicity testing of the treated ballast water

Acute eco-toxicity tests with "ARA Ballast" treated seawater and brackish water covering multiple test species (fish, invertebrate and plant) showed no toxicity in aquatic plants, invertebrate and fish (see appendix 4).

6.3 Risk characterization and analysis

Prediction of discharge and environmental concentration: Marine Anti-foulant Model to Predict Environmental Concentrations (MAMPEC)

For the calculation of the Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC), the MAMPEC model (version 2.0) was applied. The model was developed to estimate leaking of anti-fouling paints from the surface of ships. For the calculation of the PEC in this dossier, the highest concentration of discharged Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals, and 396,922 tonnes/day of de-ballast water (OECD commercial harbour, Rotterdam) were applied. All input data and results of the MAMPEC calculations are contained in Table 21 and appendix 6.

Table 21: PEC from MAMPEC modelling results

MAMPEC result (μg/L) Chlorobenzene Bromobenzene 4-chlorotoluene Maximum concentration 2.10E-03 3.34E-03 1.73E-03

95% concentration 2.01E-03 3.21E-03 1.66E-03
Average concentration 8.13E-04 1.27E-03 6.63E-04

Median concentration 3.41E-04 4.82E-04 2.65E-04 Harbour

Minimum concentration 5.46E-05 7.67E-05 4.23E-05

Maximum concentration 1.55E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00

95% concentration 1.30E-04 1.91E-04 1.03E-04
Average concentration 2.87E-05 4.15E-05 2.26E-05

Median concentration 5.44E-05 7.92E-05 4.29E-05 Surrounding

Minimum concentration 2.89E-05 4.08E-05 2.24E-05MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 33

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 7 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 Ship and personnel safety

7.1.1 Safety to ship

7.1.1.1 Corrosion

The "ARA Ballast" BWMS does not produce any corrosive by-products, such as TRO and acidic compounds, any Preparations or aggressi ve additives or generated substances. TRO were not detected after treatment, which supports the claim that the "ARA Ballast" BWMS is free of corrosion risk. Furthermore, no corrosion supporting, or corrosion stimulating effects are connected with the system. However, 21st Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. is currently conducting a corrosion testing programme as part of the evaluation of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on the ship safety to access the effect of effluents from the "ARA Ballast" BWMS on protective coating of the ballast tank and the double-side skin space for the extension of a ship's life span and prevention of accident. For this purpose, the following application and standards were applied for the corrosion testing programme and some of the work process and future plans are described in appendix 7.

In conclusion, corrosion tests will continue to be conducted in order to assess the effect of effluents from the "ARA Ballast" BWMS using the following plans. We will then forward the results of the risk assessment of corrosion to maintain the safety of our apparatus.

Plan:

.1 sampling of the control/treated seawater;

.2 exposure of the coated panel in wave tank;

.3 assessment of the panel after exposure; and

.4 reporting of the result.

7.1.1.2 Fire and explosion

The electrical and electronic parts of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS are essentially safe under normal operation. We are looking for ways to reduce damage in the unlikely event of fire or explosions associated with the system.

7.1.1.3 Storage and handling of the substances

Not necessary

7.1.1.4 Contact with, or inhalation of, process products

Not necessary

7.1.1.5 Noise

No sound or noise was generated by the "ARA Ballast" BWMS.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 34

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 7.1.2 Safety to ship ' s crew

If all operators and crew members follow the manual s provided by the manufacturer, there is no risk to human health unless there is direct human exposure to the MPUV and Plasma in the instance of an emergency. This is, however, a very unlikely event. During the ballasting mode (Day 0) of the "ARA Ballast" BWMS, ozone and chlorine were detected in a gas state with amount of 0 μ l/L and 0 μ l/L in seawater (34 psu), and 0 μ l/L and 0 μ l/L in brackish water (20 psu), respectively. In case of any risk to the human health or crew's safety, appropriate countermeasures will be considered or such a discharge unit will be mounted for compensation in order to maintain the safety to the ship's crew and human health. However, after performing a precise analysis on water quality, ozone and chlorine were not detected as dissolved Active Substances in the treated water (Day 0 and Day 5) (Refer to Tables 13 and 14). Therefore, it is expected that there will be no concerns on crew's safety nor risk to the environment. The detailed description of the "safety instructions" is prepared in appendix 1. In addition, according to IMO requirements, we will prepare a safe system for the ship's crew.

7.1.2.1 Plasma protection

.1 The operator has the right to operate this module under safety rules and regulations at all times and has responsibility for maintenance. This module must be operated by qualified persons only ñ i.e. only personnel having attended a training course or otherwise received appropriate instruction.

.2 The interior of the power supply has flowing high voltage which can be fatal to people. Do not remove any protective covers from this module. Stay away from the module while the module is fully operating.

.3 Operating Gas (natural state of air) has no toxicity, poison and is inflammable. Therefore, personnel charged with the operation must have corresponding qualifications on this module. While operating this module, personnel must also take extra care and caution. If any problem occurs while operating the gas (natural state of air), the manipulation on the module must stop at that moment and you must follow the qualified personnel's instructions.

7.1.2.2 MPUV Protection

.1 Wear safety glasses to prevent eye injuries from ultraviolet light. Do not look directly into a UV lamp that is switched on.

.2 Do not unnecessarily expose your skin to UV-radiation. Wear clean, cotton gloves when handling the lamps. If you do have to hold the lamps, do so by the connectors.

.3 Remember that UV-lamps remain hot for a considerable time after they have been turned off. Allow the lamps to cool off after use for at least 15 minutes.

.4 The disinfection chamber and the control unit have to be wired to an earth leakage circuit breaker with sufficient capacity. Switch the power supply off before carrying out repair work and maintenance.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 35

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc .5 Take account of the fact that there is inadequate disinfection if the lamps are not of a certain temperature or if the lamps have been switched off.

.6 The UV-lamps contain mercury. Dispose of defective lamps to a depot for chemical waste.

7.2 Risk to human health

In regards to risks upon human health, we expect no negative or harmful effects from direct or indirect contact with discharged treated water. Please refer to the test results of water quality.

7.3 Risk to the aquatic environment

The potential risk to the aquatic environment is based on a series of PEC/PNEC ratios using a worst case scenario (Table 22). The PEC/PNEC ratios of three compounds indicate that no aquatic risk (ratio <1). Therefore, "ARA Ba llast" BWMS has no toxic effect on aquatic organism and environment.

Table 22: PEC/PNEC ratios

Compounds PEC (μg/L) PNEC (μg/L) PEC/PNEC ratio (μg/L)

Chlorobenzene 2.10E-03 12.5 1.68E-04

Bromobenzene 3.34E-03 5.80 5.76E-04

4-chlorotoluene 1.73E-03 0.19 9.11E-03

7.4 Human Exposure Scenario (HES)

Margin of safety (MOS) has been estimated in accordance with a worst-case scenario, in which no dilution occurs (GESAMP-BWWG 3/9, annex 9). Table 23 shows the theoretical exposure to the various compounds of a person weighing 60 kg and drinking 2 L of water per day.

All compounds were reassuringly of large value compared to MOSref (100). Therefore, the results show that the "ARA Ballast" BWMS poses no risk to human including ship's crew.

Table 23: Result of the Margin of Safety (MOS) Approach

Compounds NOAEL or LOAEL value a (mg/kg) Highest concentration (mg/L) Exposure b (mg/kg/day) MOS c

Chlorobenzene 27 0.00013 4.33E-06 6.23E+06 Bromobenzene 50 0.00018 6.00E-06 8.33E+06 4-chlorotoluene 1.1 0.0001 3.33E-06 3.30E+05

a NOAEL, no observable adverse effect level; LOAEL, low observable adverse effect level b Exposure = {(Highest concentration) x 2 L/day}/60 kg

c MOS = (NOAEL or LOAEL value)/Exposure valueMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 36

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 8 ASSESSMENT REPORT

8.1 Overview of data and endpoint

All data is science-based and literature references are given. Active Substances, which may theoretically be produced by the plasma module, were not detected and only three Relevant Chemicals were produced by "ARA Ballast " BWMS, i.e., chlorobenzene, bromobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene. These compounds were evaluated with regard to persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. All chemicals ar e not persistent using Procedure (G9) criteria of a half-life in marine water. Only 4-chlorotoluene exceeded the criteria of a log Pow <3. This chemical may have the potential to accumulate in marine organisms. However, through the result of marine organism toxicity test, PEC /PNEC ratio and MOS, this chemical does not have any adverse effect on marine environment when discharged into the sea. With regard to chronic toxicity, all chemicals met the NOEC criterion of <0.01 mg/L.

Evaluation of discharge toxicity results from land-based test demonstrated that there are no harmful effects on aquatic organisms, the alga Skeletonema costatum , the invertebrate Tigriopus japonicus, and the fish Palalichthys olivaceus nor are chemical compounds produced by "ARA Ballast" BWMS in the de-ballasting water. Therefore, no adverse health effects would be expected to derive from direct or indirect exposure to de-ballasted water.

The results of PEC/PNEC ratio and MOS show no adverse effects on the aquatic environment. PEC/PNEC ratios of chlorobenzene, bromobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene were 1.68E-04, 5.76E-03, 9.11E-03, respectively; thus, all of ratios were below 1. With regard to MOS, all values are substantially higher than the MOSref (100). Therefore, "ARA Ballast" BWMS can safely and effectively treat ballast water in compliance with the guidelines.

8.2 Test report data quality

Test reports used in this application were from a variety of sources, including several databases (ECOTOX, EPA, EPI Suite, HSDB, OECD SIDS, PBT Profiler and WHO database by way of accredited laboratories and commercial institutions) involving assessing the chemicals for various endpoints, including acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, developmental and reproductive effects. There are a wide range of effects including acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutageni city, and reproductive toxicity caused by compounds.

9 REFERENCES

Adler, S., M. Scherrer and F.D. Daschner., Costs of low-temperature plasma sterilization compared with other sterilization methods, Journal of Hospital Infection. (1998) 40: p. 125-134.

Gamal M. El-Aragi, Pulsed Plasma Treatment of Surface Water Using Low-Temperature Corona Reactor, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, March/April 2008, Vol.7, No.2, p. 143-147.

Hiroshi Ohkawa, Tetsuya Akitsu, Masao Tsuji, Hideo Kimura, Masuhiro Kogoma and Kinpei Fukushima, Pulse-modulated, high-frequency plasma sterilization at atmospheric-pressure, Surface and Coatings Technology. 200 (2006) p. 5829-5835.

IUVA.MEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 37

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc Lisa Marsili, Steven Espie, John G. Anderson and Scott J. MacGregor, Plasma inactivation of food-related micro organisms in liquids, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 65 (2002), p. 507-513.

Mackie, G. L., Lowery, P., and Cooper, C. (2000), Plasma pulse technology to control zebra mussel biofouling, Zebra Mussel Technical Notes Collection (ERDC TN-ZMR-2-22), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Centre, Vicksburg, MS.

Miller, A.C. and Lowry, P., Controlling zebra mussels, quagga mussels and biofilm growth with the plasma sparker, (ERDCTN-ZMR-2-23), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Centre, Vicksburg, MS., 2000.

Naci Ekem, Tamer Akan, Yurdanur Akgun, Abdurrahman Kiremitci, Suat Pat and Geavit Musa, Sterilization of Staphylococcus aureus by atmospheric pressure pulsed plasma, Surface Coatings Technology 201 (2006) p. 993-997.

Smythe, A.G., and Dardeau, E.A., Jr., Overview of Electrical Technologies for Controlling Dreissenids, with Emphasis on Pulse-Power Systems., Zebra Mussel Technical Notes Collection (ZMR-3-22), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Centre, Vicksburg, MS.,1999.

Xiyao Bai, Zhitao Zhang, Mindong Bai, Bo Yang and Mindi Bai., Killing of Invasive Species of Ship's Ballast Water in 20t/h System Usi ng Hydroxyl Radicals., Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. Vol.25, No1 (2005)41-54.

Zhang Zhitao, Bai Mindi, Xiao Yu, Bai Mindong, Yang Bo and Bai Xiyao., Treating ballast water with hydroxyl radical on introduced organisms, CHIN. J. OCEANOL. LIMNOL.,24(2),2006,161-167.

Moisan, M., J. Barbeau, S. Moreau, J. Pelletier, M. Tabrizian, L.H. Yahia, Low-Temperature Sterilization using gas plasma: are view of the experiments and an analysis of the inactivation mechanisms, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 226(2001)1-21.

Feichtinger, J., A. Schulz, M. Walker and U. Schumacher, Sterilization with low-pressure micro wave plasma. Surface and Coating Technol., 2003, 564-569.

Boscariol, M.R., A.J. Moreira, R.D. Mansano, I.S. Kikuchi and T.J.A. Pinto, Sterilization by pure oxygen plasma and by oxygen-hydrog en peroxide plasma: An efficacy study, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 353(2008)170-175.

Gamal M. El-Aragi, Pulsed plasma treatment of surface water using low-temperature corona reactor, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, Vol.7, No.2, 143-147., 2008.

Tamer Akan, Naci Ekem, Yurdanur Akgun, Abdurrahman Kiremitci, Ahmet Cabuk, Suat Pat and Geavit Musa., Plasmas terilization using the high voltage pulsed discharge at atmospheric pressure, Journal of Applied Science 6 (7), 2006, 1566-1570.

Miller, A.C. and Lowry, P., Controlling zebra mussels, quagga mussels and biofilm growth with the plasma sparker, (ERDCTN-ZMR-2-23), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS., 2000.

US EPA http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=hydroxyl+radical&Units=SIMEPC 61/2/5 Annex, page 38

I:\MEPC\61\2-5.doc 10 APPENDICES CONTAINED IN THE CONFIDENTIAL DOSSIER

The following appendices are contained in the confidential dossier:

APPENDIX 1 System description of "ARA Ballast" BWMS

APPENDIX 2 QAPP and Efficacy Test Report

APPENDIX 3 QAPP, COC Records and Test Results for Chemicals

APPENDIX 4 Request, study plan, COC records and Test Results for aquatic toxicity

APPENDIX 5 Material Safety Data Sheets

APPENDIX 6 Data sheets in MAMPEC results

APPENDIX 7 Corrosion test

APPENDIX 8 Operating data of "ARA Ballast" BWMS

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