RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE 

Due to inhalation exposure to humans. 

For retail sale to and use by Certified Applicators or persons under their direct supervision and 

only for those uses covered by the Certified Applicator’s certification. 

Emulsifiable Soil Fumigant for Preplant Soil Chemigation 

Only for Pre-Plant Soil Chemigation of Fields Intended for Commercial Production 

of Listed Crops, Field-Grown Ornamentals, and Nursery Stock. For control or 

suppression of weeds, soil-borne plant pathogens and nematodes. 

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: 

 Dimethyl disulfide............................................................................... 93.8% 

OTHER INGREDIENTS:........................................................................ 6.2%

TOTAL:............................................................................................... 100.0% 

One gallon weighs 8.84 lbs. at 68o F 

Keep Out of Reach of Children 

WARNING / AVISO 

Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que se la explique a usted en detalle. 

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail.) 

FIRST AID 

IF 

SWALLOWED: 

 Call a poison control center or doctor immediately for treatment advice. 

 Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. 

 Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

 Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 

IF INHALED:  Move person to fresh air. 

 If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-tomouth if possible. 

 Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF ON SKIN 

OR 

CLOTHING:

 Take off contaminated clothing. 

 Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15 – 20 minutes.

 Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.

IF IN EYES:  Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present, 

after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. 

 Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice.

1
 

Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor or going for treatment. 

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS: 

FOR MEDICAL EMERGENCIES: (866) 767-5089 (Rocky Mountain Poison Control Center) 

FOR SPILLS OR TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCIES: (800) 424-9300 (Chemtrec) 

EPA Registration No. 55050-L EPA Establishment No.____________ 

Arkema Inc. 

2000 Market Street 

Philadelphia, PA 19103 

http://www.arkema.com http://www.paladin.com 

Net Contents: _______________ 

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

HAZARD TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

WARNING

May be harmful if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Do not breathe 

vapor. Causes slight eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

HANDLERS

The following activities are prohibited from being performed in the application block (i.e., the field or 

portion of a field treated with a fumigant in any 24-hour period) by anyone other than persons who have 

been appropriately trained and equipped as handlers in accordance with the requirements in the Worker 

Protection Standard (40 CFR Part 170), from the start of the application until the entry restricted period 

ends 5 days (120 hours) after the application has been completed (NOTE: persons perforating, removing, 

repairing, and monitoring tarps are considered handlers for the durations listed below). Those activities 

include those persons: 

• Participating in the application as supervisors, mixers, loaders, or as other direct application 

participants (the application starts when the fumigant is first introduced into the soil and ends after 

the drip irrigation system has been completely flushed with water following chemigation); 

• Cleaning up fumigant spills (this does not include emergency personnel not associated with the 

chemigation); 

• Handling and transferring fumigant or disposing of fumigant containers; 

• Cleaning, handling, adjusting, calibrating or repairing the parts of chemigation equipment that 

may contain fumigant residues; 

• Repairing, operating, or removing irrigation equipment in the fumigant application block; 

• Entering the application site to perform scouting, crop advising, or monitoring tasks; 

• Perforating (cutting, punching, slicing, poking), removing, repairing, or monitoring tarps: 

o until 21 days after application is complete, or 

o until 48 hours after tarp perforation is complete if tarps are perforated less than 21 days 

after the application is complete and tarps will not be removed prior to planting, or 

o until tarp removal is completed if tarps are removed less than 21 days after the 

application is complete. 

NOTE: see Tarp Perforation and/or Removal section on this labeling for requirements about 

when tarps are allowed to be perforated. 

• Performing any handling tasks as defined by the WPS. 

All Handlers (including applicators) performing the following tasks have a potential for 

liquid contact with PALADIN® EC:

• Fumigant transfer with or without dry-disconnect fittings 

• Equipment calibration or adjustment 

• Equipment clean-up 

• Repair of PALADIN® EC-containing equipment 

• Product sampling 

• Application or soil-sealing 

2
 

• Any activity within 6 feet of an unshielded pressurized hose containing this product prior 

to mixing and emulsifying with water 

• Spill clean-up and/or tarp repair during application 

All Handlers (including applicators) performing tasks with liquid contact potential must 

wear:

• Loose fitting or well ventilated long-sleeved shirt and long pants, 

• Chemical resistant gloves, 

• Chemical-resistant footwear, 

• Socks, 

• Full face shield or safety glasses with brow, temple, and side protection. DO NOT wear 

safety goggles, and 

• If any handler detects the garlic-like odor of this product, then a half face or full face airpurifying respirator with a pesticide-approved organic vapor cartridge filter or equivalent 

(NIOSH approved number prefix TC-23C) must be worn. Any handlers not wearing 

respirators must cease operations and leave the application block and surrounding 

buffer zone. 

• Handlers wearing respirators can remove them or handlers not wearing respirators can 

resume operations if two consecutive samples taken at least 15 minutes apart show that 

the levels of DMDS do not exceed 50 ppb. Samples must be taken where the odor was 

first detected. If sampling is not done, after one hour and at hourly intervals thereafter, 

handlers can remove the air-purifying respirators momentarily to determine if the garliclike odor is still detectable. If detectable, the respirator must be put back on. 

All Handlers (including applicators) present in either the application block (i.e., a field or 

portion of a field treated with a fumigant in any 24-hour period) until 5 days (120 hours) 

after the application is complete (i.e., after the drip irrigation system has been completely 

flushed with water following chemigation) or the buffer zone during the buffer zone 

period (see exception for transient travel in the Buffer Zone section must wear: 

• Loose fitting or well ventilated long-sleeved shirt and long pants, 

• Shoes plus socks, 

• If any handler detects the garlic-like odor of this product, then a half face or full face airpurifying respirator with a pesticide-approved organic vapor cartridge filter or equivalent 

(NIOSH approved number prefix TC-23C) must be worn. Any handlers not wearing 

respirators must cease operations and leave the application block and surrounding 

buffer zone. 

• Handlers wearing respirators can remove them or handlers not wearing respirators can 

resume operations if two consecutive samples taken at least 15 minutes apart show that 

the levels of DMDS do not exceed 50 ppb. Samples must be taken where the odor was 

first detected. If sampling is not done, after one hour and at hourly intervals thereafter, 

handlers can remove the air-purifying respirators momentarily to determine if the garliclike odor is still detectable. If detectable, the respirator must be put back on. 

IMPORTANT: an air-supplying respirator [i.e., a respirator connected directly to a clean air 

source or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)] is not permitted for routine handler 

tasks. Such respirators are only permitted in emergencies such as spill or leak or when 

corrective action is needed to reduce air levels to acceptable levels. 

Supervision of Handlers

For all applications from the start of the application until the fumigant has stopped being 

delivered/dispensed into the soil, i.e., after the drip irrigation system has been completely flushed with 

water following chemigation, a trained and state certified applicator must be at the chemigation site in the 

line of sight of the application and must directly supervise all persons performing handling activities. 

3
 

For handling activities that take place after the fumigant has been delivered/dispensed into the soil until 

the entry period expires, the Certified Applicator does not have to be on-site, but must have 

communicated, in a manner that can be understood, to the site owner/operator and handlers responsible 

for carrying out those activities the information necessary to comply with the label and procedures 

described in the FMP (e.g., emergency response plans and procedures). Communication activities must 

be captured in the FMP. 

IMPORTANT: This requirement does not override the requirements in the Worker Protection Standard 

for Agricultural Pesticides for information exchange between owners/operators of agricultural 

establishments and commercial pesticide applicators. 

The certified applicator must provide Fumigant Safe Handling information to each handler involved in 

the application or confirm that each handler participating in the application has received Fumigant Safe 

Handling information within the past twelve months in a manner they can understand. Fumigant Safe 

Handling information will be provided where this product is purchased, or at (insert EPA website). 

For all handling tasks at least two handlers trained under the provisions of the WPS 40 CFR 170.230 

must be present. 

Respirator Fit Testing, Medical Qualification, and Training

Employers must verify that any handler who uses a respirator is: 

• Fit-tested and fit-checked using a program that conforms to OSHA’s requirements (see 29 CFR 

Part 1910.134) 

• Trained using a program that conforms to OSHA’s requirements (see 29 CFR Part 1910.134) 

• Examined by a qualified medical practitioner to ensure physical ability to safely wear the style of 

respirator to be worn. A qualified medical practitioner is a physician or other licensed health care 

professional who will evaluate the ability of a worker to wear a respirator. The initial evaluation 

consists of a questionnaire that asks about medical conditions (such as a heart condition) that 

would be problematic for respirator use. If concerns are identified, then additional evaluations, 

such as a physical exam, might be necessary. The initial evaluation must be done before 

respirator use begins. Handlers must be reexamined by a qualified medical practitioner if their 

health status or respirator style or use-conditions change. Upon request by 

local/state/federal/tribal enforcement personnel, employers must provide documentation 

demonstrating how they have complied with these requirements. 

Providing, Cleaning, and Maintaining PPE

The employer of any handler (as stated in this label) must make sure that all handlers are provided and 

correctly wear the required PPE. The PPE must be cleaned and maintained as required by the Worker 

Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides.

Air-Purifying Respirator Availability

At a minimum two handlers must have the appropriate air-purifying respirator and cartridges available and 

these handlers must be fit-tested, trained, and medically examined. 

The employer of any handler must confirm that an air-purifying respirator and appropriate cartridges of 

the type specified in the PPE section of this labeling are immediately available for each handler who will 

wear one. This must be documented in the FMP. 

Cartridges or canisters must be replaced when odor or irritation from this product becomes apparent or 

after 8 hours of use, whichever occurs first. 

Air-Rescue Device Availability 

The employer of any handler must confirm that at least one air-rescue device (e.g., SCBA) is on-site and 

is ready for use in case of an emergency. This must be documented in the FMP. 

Exclusion Of Non-Handlers From Application Block:

The Certified Applicator supervising the application and the owner/operator of the establishment where 

the chemigation is taking place must make sure that all persons who are not trained and PPE-equipped 

and who are not performing one of the handling tasks as stated in this labeling are excluded from the 

application block during the entry restricted period. 

4
 

Entry Restricted Period 

Entry (including early entry that would otherwise be permitted under the WPS) by any person, 

other than a correctly trained and PPE-equipped handler who is performing a handling task 

listed on this labeling, is PROHIBITED from the start of the application until: 

o 5 days after application is complete if tarps are not perforated and removed for at least 21 days after 

application is complete, NOTE: Persons installing, repairing, or monitoring tarps are handlers 

until 21 days after the application is complete if tarps are not perforated and removed 

during those 21 days, or 

o 48 hours after tarp perforation is complete if tarps are perforated less than 21 days after 

the application is complete and tarps will not be removed prior to planting, or tarp removal 

is completed if tarps are removed less than 21 days after the application is complete. 

NOTE: See Tarp Perforation and/or Removal section on this labeling for requirements 

about when tarps are allowed to be perforated. 

Notification 

Notify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting Fumigant Treated 

Area signs. The Fumigant Treated Area signs must bear the skull and crossbones symbol and 

state: 

(1) “WARNING/ADVISORY” 

(2) “Areas under fumigation, DO NOT ENTER/NO ENTRE” 

(3) Dimethyl Disulfide Fumigant In Use 

(4) Date and time of chemigation 

(5) Date and time entry restricted period is over 

(6) PALADIN® EC, and 

(7) Name, address, and telephone number of the Certified Applicator in charge of the 

chemigation. 

Post the Fumigant Treated Area signs instead of the WPS signs for this application but follow 

all WPS requirements pertaining to location, legibility, size and timing of posting and removal. 

Post the Fumigant Treated Area signs at all entrances to the application block (i.e., the field or 

portion of a field treated with a fumigant in any 24-hour period.)

Tarp Perforation and/or Removal 

IMPORTANT: Persons perforating, repairing, removing, and/or monitoring tarps are defined, within 

certain time limitations, as handlers (see handlers as stated in this labeling) and must be provided the 

PPE and other protections for handlers as required on this labeling and in the Worker Protection Standard 

for Agricultural Pesticides. 

• High barrier tarps must not be perforated until a minimum of 12 days have elapsed after the fumigant 

application into the soil is complete (i.e., after the drip irrigation system has been completely flushed 

with water following chemigation), unless an adverse weather condition exists which necessitates the 

need for early perforation or removal. 

• If tarps will be removed before planting, tarp removal must not begin until at least 2 hours after tarp 

perforation is complete. 

• Tarps used for fumigations may be perforated manually ONLY for the following situations: 

o At the beginning of each row when a coulter blade (or other device which performs similarly) 

is used on a motorized vehicle such as an ATV. 

o In fields that are 1 acre or less. 

• In all other instances tarps must be perforated (cut, punched, poked, or sliced) only by mechanical 

methods. 

• Tarps may be removed before the required 12 days if adverse weather conditions have compromised 

the integrity of the tarp, provided that the compromised tarp poses a safety hazard. Adverse weather 

includes high winds, hail or storms that blow the tarps off the field or beds and create a hazard. 

5
 

• If tarps are left intact for a minimum of 21 days after the application has been completed, planting or 

transplanting may take place while the tarps are being perforated. 

User Safety Requirements 

• Do not wear jewelry, goggles, and/or tight clothing that can trap PALADIN® EC vapors 

against your skin. 

• Remove all clothing that comes in contact with liquid material at once. 

Aerate all affected clothing thoroughly outdoors prior to washing. 

• Discard any clothing or absorbent materials (e.g. leather), that have been drenched or 

heavily contaminated with this product. Do not reuse them. 

USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS 

Users should: 

• Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet. 

• Remove clothing/PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on 

clean clothing. 

• Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before 

removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas 

below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or 

disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate. 

Dimethyl disulfide has certain properties and characteristics in common with chemicals that 

have been detected in ground water (dimethyldisulfide is highly soluble in water and has low 

adsorption to soil). 

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL HAZARDS 

This product contains flammable liquid and vapor. Flammable - Store in a well ventilated area 

away from heat and sources of ignition such as flame, sparks and static electricity. Ensure that 

all storage and handling equipment is properly rated, grounded and installed to satisfy electrical 

classification requirements. Static electricity may accumulate and create a fire hazard. All 

storage containers must be bonded and grounded during filling operations. Store away from 

oxidizers and reactive materials. Keep container tightly closed. Precautions must be taken to 

prevent the ignition of flammable vapors when/where present by sources such as open flames, 

lightning, hot surfaces, radiant heat, smoking, cutting and welding, spontaneous ignition, 

frictional heat or sparks, static electricity, electrical sparks, stray currents, ovens, furnaces, and 

heating equipment. Observe all federal, state and local regulations and National Fire 

Prevention Association (NFPA) Codes which pertain to the specific local conditions of storage 

and use, including OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 and NFPA 30, 55, 70, 77 and 497. 

 

Containers, pumps, and other transfer equipment made of aluminum, brass, cooper, 

magnesium or their alloys may corrode when in contact with PALADIN® EC. Observe the 

equipment used for obvious corrosion and replace equipment as necessary. Steel and stainless 

steel are preferred materials. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in any manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Read entire label before using this product. 

Do not apply this product in any way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or 

through drift. Only protected handlers may be in the area during application. For any 

requirements specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulation. 

6
 

NOTE: This product is not for use in greenhouses. 

 This product is not for residential use. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 

40 CFR Part 170. This standard contains requirements for the protection of agricultural workers 

on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural pesticides. It 

contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It 

also contains specific instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label 

about personal protective equipment (PPE), notification to workers, and restricted-entry interval. 

The requirements in this box apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard. 

Buffer Zone 

The area adjacent to the treated area is referred to as the buffer zone. The buffer zone shall 

extend from the edge of the treated area in all directions. See Buffer Zone Table. The minimum 

buffer zone distance shall be 25 feet. 

The Certified Applicator supervising the soil chemigation is responsible for the following: 

1. Calculating the appropriate size of the buffer zone that must be maintained from the start of the 

application until 48 hours following the end of the application; 

2. Establishing and maintaining the buffer zone from the start of the application until 48 hours 

following the end of the application. The Certified Applicator must use an appropriate means to 

manage and maintain the buffer zone such as posting Buffer Zone signs around the perimeter of 

the buffer zone at potential points of entry, using trained workers to patrol the buffer zone, or 

other equivalent means. If Buffer Zone signs are used, they must be posted from the start of the 

application until 48 hours following the end of the application and must be removed within 3 days 

of the end of the buffer zone period. The Buffer Zone signs must include the same warning 

symbol and statements required for Fumigant Treated Area signs as stated on this label with the 

exception that signs will indicate “Fumigant Buffer Zone” at the top of the sign and will delete the 

statement “areas under fumigation”. 

3. Ensuring that unprotected workers and bystanders do not enter the buffer zone, from the start of 

the application until 48 hours following the end of the application. Exception: Unprotected 

workers and bystanders may travel through (but not engage in any activity in) the buffer zone 

during the application and the 48-hour period following the end of the application, provided their 

total exposure time in any 24-hour period is 15 minutes or less. However, travel by unprotected 

workers or bystanders through the fumigated area itself is prohibited during the entire Entry 

Restricted period. Handlers protected with required Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) may 

work in buffer zones. See the PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT section. 

4. Ensuring application site has a distinctive buffer zone. The buffer zone of the field to be treated 

cannot overlap the buffer zone of another field treated within the last 12 hours. 

5. Ensuring that there are no occupied nursing homes, hospitals, or prisons; and no occupied 

licensed schools, licensed day care facilities and licensed assisted living facilities (licensed by 

state or local governments) within 1⁄4 mile of the fumigated area during the buffer zone period. 

Determining Buffer Zone Distances • Determine the size of the buffer zone using the following Buffer Zone Tables. 

• The size of the buffer zone will be dependent on the following three factors: 

o The Bed Width and Row Spacing (the Field Rate Modifier). 

o The number of field acres that are being treated with PALADIN® EC. 

o The pounds (gallons) of PALADIN® EC that are being applied per treated acre. 

Applications are limited to 40 contiguous acres or less on a single site and a maximum rate of 

479 pounds (54.2 gallons) of PALADIN® EC per acre.

7
 

To determine the size of the required buffer zone, refer to the BUFFER ZONE DISTANCE 

tables for Raised Bed Chemigation Applications below. 

If the actual Application Rate or Block Size does not appear in the Buffer Zone Distance Table, 

the Buffer for the next higher Rate or Block Size must be used. 

BUFFER ZONE DISTANCE TABLE 

for 

Raised Bed, Chemigation Applications 

(buffers in feet) 

Application Block Size (acres) 

Broadcast 

equivalent 

Application Rate 

lbs/A (gal/A) 

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 

112 (12.6) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 30 

118 (13.3) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 35 45 

121 (13.6) 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 35 50 

130 (14.7) 25 25 25 25 25 30 35 55 70 

133 (15.0) 25 25 25 25 25 35 45 60 75 

136 (15.3) 25 25 25 25 25 35 45 65 80 

140 (15.8) 25 25 25 25 25 40 55 70 85 

143 (16.2) 25 25 25 25 25 45 60 75 90 

146 (16.5) 25 25 25 25 30 50 65 80 95 

152 (17.2) 25 25 25 25 40 60 75 90 105 

155 (17.5) 25 25 25 25 45 70 80 95 110 

162 (18.3) 25 25 25 30 55 75 90 105 120 

170 (19.2) 25 25 25 35 60 80 95 115 130 

180 (20.3) 25 25 25 40 70 90 105 125 140 

186 (21.0) 25 25 25 50 75 95 115 135 150 

190 (21.4) 25 25 30 55 80 100 120 140 155 

200 (22.5) 25 25 35 60 90 110 130 150 170 

205 (23.1) 25 25 35 65 95 115 135 155 175 

209 (23.6) 25 25 40 65 95 115 135 155 175 

212 (23.9) 25 25 40 70 100 120 140 160 180 

219 (24.7) 25 25 45 75 105 125 145 165 185 

228 (25.7) 25 25 50 80 110 135 155 175 195 

238 (26.8) 25 25 60 90 115 140 160 185 205 

249 (28.1) 25 25 65 95 120 145 165 190 210 

251 (28.3) 25 25 65 95 125 150 170 195 215 

260 (29.3) 25 25 70 100 130 155 180 200 220 

273 (30.8) 25 25 75 105 135 160 185 210 230 

282 (31.8) 25 25 75 110 140 165 190 215 240 

285 (32.2) 25 25 80 110 140 165 190 215 240 

288 (32.5) 25 25 75 105 135 160 185 210 230 

297 (33.6) 25 25 75 110 140 165 190 215 240 

300 (34.0) 25 25 80 110 140 165 190 215 240 

 Note: Minimum allowable buffer zone is 25 feet 

8
 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

PALADIN® EC is an emulsifiable liquid fumigant for the preplant treatment of soil borne pests on land 

suitable for the cultivation of crops. PALADIN® EC can be used in pest management programs 

(chemical, cultural, biological, varieties) and pest control disciplines (nematology, plant pathology, weed 

control) in a systematic approach to pest management decisions. 

PALADIN® EC may be applied through surface or buried drip tape. Use of a tarp seal is mandatory for 

all applications of this product. 

Note: If chloropicrin (or any other fumigant such as metam sodium, 1,3-dichloropropene, etc.) is coapplied with PALADIN® EC, follow the most restrictive precautions and directions for use on the labels. 

Prior to chemigation, it is important to know the history of the field planned for treatment. Soil sampling 

for the type and number of pests present should be conducted prior to treatment. In fields where soil 

samples indicate the presence of high populations of nematodes, soil pathogens and weeds, it cannot be 

expected that entire populations can be eradicated. Therefore, soil sampling and crop modeling after 

treatment should be done to determine if additional pest management measures are needed. 

Consult your agricultural advisor, University contact or Extension Service for recommended pest 

management practices for your area. Use recommended integrated pest management practices so that 

you are not solely relying on chemical control in your crop production. Use post-harvest weed control, 

destruction of crop residues, and other cultural practices that may aide in the reduction of soil borne 

pests for the next cropping season. 

• Following Chemigation

The area can be irrigated with overhead sprinklers (with about 0.25 inches of water) within a few 

hours of completing the chemigation application and again within 12 – 24 hours of the chemigation to 

aid in chemical retention, reducing volatilization and reducing odor emissions escaping from the 

untarped row middles. 

GENERAL USE PRECAUTIONS 

Soil chemigation with PALADIN® EC should be used in compliance with all directions and use conditions 

described in this label. 

Recontamination 

PALADIN® EC will control or suppress those pests in the chemigation zone at the time of treatment. It will 

not control pests that are introduced into the soil after treatment. Precautions should be taken to prevent 

contamination of treated fields with weed seed, plant pathogenic fungi, and plant parasitic nematodes. 

Farm equipment should be clean before entering treated fields. Equipment should be rinsed free of soil 

and weed seeds from other fields. Avoid the use of irrigation water, transplants, seed pieces and/or soil, 

which could carry soil borne pests from infested land. 

Equipment Cleaning Procedures 

Because PALADIN® EC is corrosive under certain conditions, flush all application equipment with water 

immediately after use. To prevent corrosion, where appropriate, lubricate with fuel oil, kerosene or similar 

type of petroleum solvent immediately after use. Fill pumps and meters with new motor oil or a 50% 

motor oil/fuel oil mixture before storing. Do not use water for long-term storage. Unused PALADIN® EC 

or rinsate must never be introduced into surface or ground water. 

Fertility Interactions 

Chemigation may temporarily reduce nitrification in the soil, thus increasing levels of ammonium 

nitrogen and soluble ammonium salts to potentially phytotoxic levels. Accumulation of the 

9
 

ammonium nitrogen and salts is most likely to occur when maximum rates of fumigant and 

fertilizer are applied to soils that are acidic, cold or high in organic matter. Acid soils should be 

limed before chemigation to stimulate nitrification and to reduce possible ammonium toxicity. To 

avoid injury to crops grown in high organic soils, fertilizers containing ammonium salts are not 

recommended.

Mandatory Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) 

The following GAPs must be followed during all fumigant applications. All measurements and other 

documentation planned to ensure that the mandatory GAPs are achieved must be recorded in the FMP 

and/or post-application summary. 

• PALADIN® EC must be transferred through connecting hoses, pipes, and/or couplings 

sufficiently tight to prevent workers or other persons from coming in contact with the liquid. 

• All hoses, piping, and tanks used in connection with this product shall be of a type appropriate 

for use under the pressure and vacuum conditions to be encountered. 

• Hoses between any fumigant container and the injection point into the irrigation water piping 

must be fluoropolymer hoses reinforced with stainless steel wire braid or its equivalent. 

• External sight gauges, if applicable, shall be equipped with a valve so that pipes to sight 

gauge can be shut off in case of breakage or leakage. 

• The mechanical transfer system must be adequate to make necessary measurements of the 

pesticide being used. 

• Shut-off devices must be installed on the exit end of all cylinder connections and at all 

disconnect points to prevent leakage of product when the transfer is stopped and hose is 

removed or disconnected. 

• The pressure in hoses used to move the product must not exceed the manufacturer’s 

maximum pressure specifications.

• Check equipment to ensure good condition and integrity prior to each use.

Tarps One of the following high barrier tarps is required for all PALADIN® EC applications. These 

tarps include Olefinas Embossed VIF, Klerks VIF, Pliant Blockade (1.25 mil) black or white, 

Bromostop (1.38 mil), Eval/Mitsui TIF (1.38 mil), Hytiblock 7 Black (0.00125), XL Blockade (0.00125), 

Canslit Metalized (1.25 mil) high barrier black or white, AEP-one EVOH Barrier Film (1.0 mil), 

Berry/Pliant EVOH High Barrier, Berry/Pliant EVOH High Barrier with improved toughness, Dow 

SARANEX A, Dow SARANEX B, Raven TIF VaporSafe (1.0 mil) with EVOH core clear, Raven TIF 

VaporSafe (1.4 mil) with EVOH core black, Berry/Pliant EVOH Supreme Barrier, Mid-South Extrusion 

VIF, FilmTec VIF (1.25 mil), Ginegar VIF Embossed, Cadillac VIF, Guardian VIF (1.2 mil), Pliant 

Metalized black VIF. 

The planting beds should be formed, have the drip tape(s) in place, with the beds covered and sealed 

with an appropriate tarp (selected from the above list) prior to initiating the chemigation/fumigation. 

PALADIN® EC can not be applied under tarps with existing plant holes.

A written tarp plan must be developed and included in the FMP. The plan must include: 

• schedule and procedures for checking tarps for damage, tears, and other problems 

• plans for determining when and how repairs to tarps will be made, and by whom 

• minimum time following injection that tarp will be repaired 

• minimum size of tarp damage that will be repaired 

• other factors used to determine how and when tarp repair will be conducted 

• schedule, equipment, and methods used to perforate tarps 

• aeration plans and procedures following perforation of tarp, but prior to planting/transplanting 

• schedule, equipment, and procedures for tarp removal 

 

10
 

Weather Conditions 

• Prior to chemigation the weather forecast for the day of the application and the 48-hour period 

following the chemigation must be checked to determine if unfavorable weather conditions exist 

(see Identifying Unfavorable Weather Conditions section) or are predicted and whether 

chemigation should begin. 

• Wind speed at the application site must be a minimum of 2 mph at the start of the application or 

forecasted to reach at least 5 mph during the application. 

• Do not apply if a shallow, compressed (low-level) temperature inversion is forecast to persist for 

more than 18 consecutive hours for the 48-hour period after the start of application, or if there is 

an air stagnation advisory issued by the National Weather Service in effect for the area in which 

the chemigation is planned. 

• Detailed local forecasts for weather conditions, wind speed, and air stagnation advisories may be 

obtained on-line at: http://www.nws.noaa.gov, or by contacting your local National Weather 

Service Forecasting Office. 

• Identifying Unfavorable Weather Conditions - Unfavorable weather conditions block upward 

movement of air, which results in trapping fumigant vapors near the ground. The resulting air 

mass can move off-site in unpredictable directions. These conditions typically exist prior to 

sunset and continue past sunrise and persist as late as noontime. Unfavorable conditions are 

common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind and their presence can be 

indicated by ground fog or smog and can also be identified by smoke from a ground source that 

flattens out below a ceiling layer and moves laterally in a concentrated cloud. 

Soil Preparation

• Soil must be properly prepared and at the surface generally be free of large clods. The area to 

be fumigated must be tilled to a depth of at least 5 to 8 inches. The soil should be worked free of 

clods or large decomposition matter prior to chemigation. Pests can be protected inside large 

clods, and/or harbored by undecomposed plant material in the treatment zone and will not be 

controlled by chemigation. It is important that large clods are eliminated and any plant residues 

are thoroughly incorporated. 

• Field trash must be properly managed. Residue from a previous crop must be worked into the 

soil to allow for decomposition prior to chemigation. Little or no crop residue shall be present on 

the soil surface. Crop residue that is present must not interfere with the soil seal. Removing the 

crop residue prior to chemigation is important to limit the natural “chimneys” that occur in the soil 

when crop residue is present. These “chimneys” allow the soil fumigants to move through the soil 

quickly and escape into the atmosphere. This may create potentially harmful conditions for 

workers and bystanders and limit the efficacy of the fumigant. However, crop residue on the field 

serves to prevent soil erosion from both wind and water and is an important consideration. To 

accommodate erosion control, fumigant efficacy, and human health protection, clear fields of crop 

residue as close to the timing of the chemigation as possible to limit the length of time that the soil 

would be exposed to potentially erosive weather conditions. 

• Beds must be formed, surface or buried drip irrigation lines laid and a high-barrier Virtually 

Impermeable Film (VIF) tarp seal installed as a necessary preparation for chemigation/fumigation. 

For best results, the entire bed should be wetted from edge-to-edge. This may require more than 

one drip line. Drip lines should be a maximum of 12 inches apart. 

Soil Temperature 

• The soil temperature at 4-6 inches must not be less than 45o F or exceed 90o F at the beginning 

of the application. 

• If air temperatures have been above 100o F in any of the three days prior to application, then soil 

temperature must be measured and recorded in the FMP. 

Soil Moisture 

• It is critical to manage soil moisture properly before chemigation. Applications should be made 

only to fields with appropriate soil moisture conditions.

• The soil moisture must be at least 75% of field capacity from 2 inches below the soil surface to a 

depth of 9 inches below the surface. Surface soil generally dries rapidly and must not be 

considered in this determination. 

• Soil moisture must be determined by one of the following methods: 

o The USDA Feel and Appearance Method for testing, or 

o An instrument, such as a tensiometer. 

11
 

• If there is insufficient moisture 9 inches below the surface, the soil moisture must be adjusted by 

pre-application irrigation. 

• Measure soil moisture at a depth of 9 inches at either end of the field, no more than 48 hours 

prior to application. 

Soil moisture determination using the USDA Feel and Appearance Method 

• For coarse textured soils (fine sand and loamy fine sand) there must be enough moisture (75 

percent available soil water moisture) so the soil is moist, forms a weak ball with loose and 

clustered sand grains on fingers, darkened color, moderate water staining on fingers; will not 

ribbon. 

• For moderately coarse textured soils (sandy loam and fine sandy loam) there must be enough 

moisture (75 percent available soil water moisture) so the soil is moist, forms a ball with defined 

finger marks, very light soil/water staining on fingers, darkened color will not stick. 

• For medium textured soils (sandy clay loam, loam, and silt loam) there must be enough moisture 

(75 percent available soil water moisture) so the soil is moist, forms a ball, very light staining on 

fingers, darkened color, pliable, and forms a weak ribbon between the thumb and forefinger. 

• For fine textured soils (clay, clay loam, and silty clay loam) there must be enough moisture (75 

percent available soil water moisture) so the soil is moist, forms a smooth ball with defined finger 

marks, light soil/water staining on fingers, ribbons between thumb and forefinger. 

• For fields with more than one soil texture, soil moisture content in the lightest textured (most 

sandy) areas must comply with this soil moisture requirement. Whenever possible, the field 

should be divided into areas of similar soil texture and the soil moisture of each area should be 

adjusted as needed. Coarser textured soils can be fumigated under conditions of higher soil 

moisture than finer textured soils; however, if the soil moisture is too high, fumigant movement 

will be retarded and effectiveness of the treatment will be reduced. Previous and/or local 

experience with the soil to be treated or the crop to be planted can often serve as a guide to 

conditions that will be acceptable. If there is uncertainty in determining the soil moisture content 

of the area to be treated, a local extension service agent, soil conservation service specialist, or 

pest control advisor (agriculture consultant) should be consulted for assistance. 

Calibration, Set-up, Repair, and Maintenance for Application Equipment 

• From the PALADIN® EC cylinder to the injection point into the irrigation water (where 

components are exposed to undiluted PALADIN® EC), use components having wetted 

surfaces made of stainless steel, steel, fluoropolymer (PTFE, PFA and PVDF), EPDM 

and/or Viton. PALADIN® will corrode brass and other copper alloys over time. Do not use 

PVC, galvanized steel, nylon or aluminum. 

• From the PALADIN EC injection point, after mixing with irrigation water, the drip irrigation 

system may include components made of rigid PVC, stainless steel, steel, polyethylene, 

nylon, fluoropolymer, EPDM and Viton. The drip irrigation system downstream of the 

injection point must not be exposed to PALADIN® EC at concentrations exceeding 2,700

ppm (w/w). 

• Do not allow PALADIN®

 EC to sit in polyethylene tubing for extended periods. Polyethylene tubing 

may swell or soften over time. Fluoropolymer (PFA, PTFE or PVDF) tubing is preferred for 

PALADIN®

 EC service. 

• All application equipment must include a filter to remove any particulates from the fumigant, and for 

pressurized systems a check valve to prevent backflow of the fumigant into the pressurizing cylinder 

or the compressed air system 

• Application equipment must include a flow meter or a constant pressure system with orifice plates or 

restrictors to insure the proper amount of fumigant is applied. 

• To prevent the backflow of fumigant into the compressed gas cylinder (e.g., nitrogen, other inert gas, 

compressed air), if used, applicators must: 

o When applying PALADIN® EC from steel cylinders, using compressed gas, ensure that 

minimum positive pressure of over 140 psi is maintained in the gas cylinder during the entire 

time it is connected to the application equipment. 

o Ensure that application equipment is fitted with properly functioning check valves between the 

compressed gas cylinder or compressed air system and the fumigant cylinder. The check 

valve is best placed on the outlet side of the pressure regulator, and is oriented to only allow 

compressed gas to flow out of the cylinder or compressed air out of the compressed air 

system. 

12
 

o Always pressurize the system with compressed gas or by use of a compressed air system 

before opening the fumigant cylinder valve. 

• Before using chemigation equipment for the first time, or when preparing it for use after storage, the 

operator must check the following items carefully: 

o Check the filter, and clean or replace the filter element as required. 

o Check and clean the orifice plates and screen checks, if installed. 

o Pressurize the system with compressed gas or compressed air, and check all fittings, valves, 

and connections for leaks using soap solution. 

• Install the fumigant cylinder, and connect and secure all tubing. Slowly open the compressed gas or 

compressed air valve, and increase the pressure to the desired level. Slowly open the fumigant 

cylinder valve, always watching for leaks. 

• When the application is complete, close the fumigant cylinder valve and flush residual fumigant out of 

the fumigant lines into the soil using water to completely flush fumigant. At the end of the 

application, disconnect all fumigant cylinders from the application rig. At the end of the season, seal 

all tubing openings with tape to prevent the entry of insects and dirt. 

Application equipment must be calibrated and all control systems must be working properly. Proper 

calibration is essential for application equipment to deliver the correct amount of fumigant uniformly to the 

soil. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions on how to calibrate your equipment, usually the equipment 

manufacturer, fumigant dealer, or Cooperative Extension Service can provide assistance. 

• Follow all local government instructions for posting of treated areas and post all treated areas 

with warning signs.

• Comply with all local ordinances and regulations. 

• Do not apply within 1⁄4 mile of nursing homes, hospitals or prisons; or licensed schools, 

licensed day care facilities or licensed assisted living facilities (licensed by state or local 

governments) that will be occupied during the buffer zone period. 

• Applications are limited to 40 contiguous acres or less per day. 

• Never fumigate alone. A minimum of two persons must be present during handling and 

application of soil fumigants. 

• Additional instructions must be made available to handlers involved in operation of the 

chemigation system and how to work safely while fumigating. 

• Always handle this product in the open, with all handlers positioned “upwind” from the 

container and/or where there is adequate ventilation. 

• Do not change cylinders when the fumigant system is under pressure. Change cylinders 

with all cylinder valves in the off position.

• It is required that 5 gallons of water be readily available for rinsing and cleaning purposes. An 

additional 5 gallons of water must be available in the service truck. This water must be 

potable and in containers marked “Decontamination water not to be used for drinking”. 

• Keep all pets, livestock and other domestic animals out of the treated areas for 12 days. Most 

chemigation applications will not result in tarp removal. 

• Do not allow entry by unprotected persons into the fumigated area until the Fumigant Treated 

Area signs are removed. 

SPILL AND LEAK PROCEDURES

• Refer to the Personal Protective Equipment section for Applicators and other handlers when handling 

liquid for spills and leaks.

• Cease all operations if any leak develops in the chemigation system. 

• Evacuate everyone from the immediate areas of the spill or leak. 

• Approach the area from the upwind side. Work upwind to repair leak(s), if possible. 

13
 

• Only correctly trained and PPE-equipped handlers are permitted to enter. Do not permit 

entry into the spill or leak area by any other person until the garlic-like odor of this product is 

no longer detectable or sampling has verified that the levels of DMDS do not exceed 500 

ppb [the Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for DMDS established by the American Conference of 

Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)]. 

• Allow spilled fumigant to evaporate or to absorb onto vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar 

absorbent material. Such material should be disposed of on site or at an approved disposal 

facility. 

APPLICATION DIRECTIONS 

Failure to meet these conditions may result in unsatisfactory product performance. 

Application Timing

PALADIN® EC can be applied at any time of the year when soil conditions permit (see following sections). 

Conditions that allow rapid diffusion of the fumigant as a gas/liquid through the soil will normally give the 

best results. Because PALADIN® EC could be injurious to established vegetation, it should only be used 

as a preplant application. 

SOIL CONDITIONS 

Soil Temperature 

See Mandatory Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) section in this label. 

Soil Moisture 

See Mandatory Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) section in this label.

Soil Preparation 

See Mandatory Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) section in this label. 

APPLICATION METHODS AND EQUIPMENT 

Apply this product only through surface and buried drip tape irrigation systems. Do not apply this 

product through any other type of irrigation system except as described in this labeling. 

Insure lateral distribution of water phase is uniform across the area to be treated. Bed width, soil 

type and the irrigation system capabilities should be considered for maximum spread of the 

fumigant in the water phase. This may require more than 1 drip tape per bed. 

Drip emitters’ should be spaced 12 inches or less apart on the drip tape(s). 

Water flow and PALADIN® EC application rate must be known in order to calculate and calibrate 

for the correct PPM. 

The concentration of PALADIN® EC must be a minimum of 1500 ppm and a maximum of 2,700 

ppm in the drip tapes. PALADIN® EC must be metered into the water supply and pass through a 

mixing device (centrifugal pump or static mixer) to assure proper mixing before it is distributed 

into the drip tube irrigation system. 

Step 1 - Pre-Fumigation/chemigation: 

Prior to a PALADIN® EC application a pre-chemigation irrigation should be conducted to 

insure soil moisture is uniformly at, or near, field capacity throughout the treatment area 

to improve the distribution of PALADIN® EC through the soil profile of the bed, to 

14
 

stimulate activity and growth of soil borne pathogens and nematodes and to initiate 

germination of weed seed. 

Begin pre-chemigation irrigation with a clean drip tape. 

Insure there is adequate and uniform line pressure throughout the irrigation system. 

During the pre-chemigation irrigation inspect the irrigation system, drip tapes and 

chemigation components to insure there are no leaks, kinking, ponding, puddling or runoff. 

Step 2 - Fumigation/chemigation: 

Apply the appropriate rate of PALADIN® EC in an acceptable amount of water to insure the 

maximum lateral movement of the water phase within a minimum of 1500 ppm and a maximum 

of 2,700 ppm of PALADIN® EC in the drip tapes.

Do not allow the treatment solution to accumulate on the soil surface. If ponding, puddling or 

run-off occurs 1) discontinue application immediately, and 2) cover with soil immediately to 

absorb the spill, before resuming application. 

Step 3 - Post-Fumigation/chemigation application: 

After application completely flush system with adequate untreated water to insure there 

is no mixture remaining in the system. Insure all system dead ends and low spots have 

been completely flushed. 

Do not allow PALADIN® EC to remain in the irrigation system. 

Planting Intervals following chemigation 

• To minimize the potential for crop injury, allow the fumigant to dissipate before planting a crop. 

Seeds may be used as a bioassay to determine if PALADIN® EC is present in the soil at 

concentrations sufficient to cause plant injury. [see Lettuce Seed Test and Tomato Transplant 

Test below]. 

• With the use of any of the high barrier tarps listed on this label, planting shall not occur for at 

least 21 days after application. 

• Subsurface (Seepage) Irrigation - Raising the water table into the application zone prior to 

planting will reduce PALADIN® EC efficacy and increase plantback interval 

Minimum planting interval shall be determined based on mean daily low soil temperature at 8” depth. 

 Soil Temperature Planting Interval Following Chemigation 

50 – 54°F 42 days after treatment

 55 – 60°F 35 days after treatment 

61 - 70°F 28 days after treatment 

71°F and higher 21 days after treatment 

The length of time may vary for PALADIN® EC to dissipate from the soil before transplanting and seeding 

safely. Circumstances which do not favor the dissipation of PALADIN® EC can lengthen the plant-back 

interval. The plant-back interval is lengthened with (1) heavy soil, (2) low soil temperatures, (3) high soil 

moisture. If in doubt, perform either the lettuce seed test or the tomato transplant test as described 

below. 

15
 

Note: If chloropicrin, metam sodium, or 1,3-dichloropropene products are co-applied with PALADIN®

EC, follow the most restrictive planting intervals on the labels, as these intervals may be longer, and may 

require additional crop testing methods.

Lettuce Seed Test 

1. Dig into the treated soil with a trowel to or just below the depth of planting. Remove 2 to 4 small soil 

samples (approximately 1 to 2 ounces each), mix lightly, and immediately place each sample into an airtight jar so that fumes will not escape. Use jars with gas-tight lids. Moisten the soil samples and cap 

immediately. 

2. Uncap the jar, sprinkle lettuce seeds on the moistened surface of the soil and recap immediately. 

Prepare an additional jar in the same manner using untreated soil (untreated check) for comparison. 

3. Store the jars at 65° F to 85° F; do not place in direct sunlight. Direct sunlight may overheat the soil in 

the jars and kill the seed. Lettuce seed will not germinate in the dark. 

4. Inspect the jars in 1 to 3 days to look for germination. 

5. The treated soil is acceptable for planting if the seeds in the treated jar germinate the same as the 

seeds in the untreated (check) jar. 

NOTE: Be sure (1) to take soil samples from the field in several areas, particularly low, wet areas; (2) 

that the jar lids are air tight and do not have grit under the seal which may prevent proper sealing; and 

(3) that the jars are placed in indirect sunlight and not in the dark. 

Tomato Transplant Test 

Transplant 5 to 10 succulent, fast-growing tomato seedlings into fumigated beds approximately 4 to 6 

inches deep. Also transplant 5 to 10 tomato seedlings in a non-fumigated area to serve as untreated 

checks. If there is variation in the field, plant into the wettest, heaviest soil. Inspect the tomato 

transplants in 2 days for wilting or “root burn.” If plants in the fumigated zone look the same as those in 

the non-fumigated zone, it is acceptable to plant in the treated area. 

Which Test Method to Use? 

Both the lettuce seed and tomato transplant tests are appropriate and can serve the purpose. The 

response of tomato seedlings varies somewhat depending on how succulent they are, temperature, soil 

moisture, relative humidity, and other weather and soil factors. Relative differences between plants in 

fumigated and non-fumigated areas are key to detecting low-level residue effects. High soil 

concentrations of fumigant should produce clear-cut symptoms. The lettuce seed test in jars is not 

subject to the variations in the field that can affect the tomato transplant test. However, the process of 

collecting soil samples for the lettuce seed test has the potential to allow some fumigant to escape prior 

to sealing the jar. In addition, excess soil moisture can inhibit normal lettuce seed germination reducing 

the sensitivity of the test. 

Odor During Application 

PALADIN® EC can range from garlic-like to propane-like odor. Some level of odor may be evident during 

application, however any strong odors during application are a signal that the fumigant is escaping and 

not properly sealed in the soil. Equipment and tarps should be checked for leaks. Tears in the tarp

should be repaired immediately. 

Temperature Inversions 

See Mandatory Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) section in this label. 

Special Use Precautions for Chemigation Application Equipment

1. Crop injury or lack of effectiveness can result from non-uniform distribution of treated 

water. 

16
 

2. If you have questions about calibration, contact State Extension Service specialists, 

equipment manufacturers or other experts. 

3. Do not connect irrigation systems used for pesticide application to a public water system 

unless the pesticide label-prescribed safety devices for public water systems are in 

place. 

4. Only a person knowledgeable of the chemigation system and responsible for its’

operation, or a person under the supervision of the responsible person, shall operate the 

system and make necessary adjustments should the need arise. Do not chemigate 

alone. A second person knowledgeable with the chemigation system and safety 

procedures should be readily available.

5. The irrigation system must have a standard single check valve, low pressure drain, and 

vacuum relief valve (a “chemigation” valve) upstream of the injection point to prevent 

possible contamination of the water source by fumigants. 

6. The pesticide injector must be equipped with a check valve to prevent water from flowing 

back into the fumigant tank and an automatic quick-closing valve to stop fumigant 

injection when water flow is interrupted or loses pressure. The fumigant automatic shutoff valve can be electrically or hydraulically activated and should be normally closed at 

the injector. 

7. The irrigation line or water pump must include a functional pressure switch that will stop 

the water pump motor when the water pressure decreases to the point where pesticide 

distribution is adversely affected. 

8. Injection systems must use a pressure-safe cylinder or commercial equipment that is 

suitable for fumigant application. This equipment must be constructed of materials that 

are compatible with PALADIN® EC and capable of being fitted with a system interlock. 

SITE-SPECIFIC FUMIGATION MANAGEMENT PLAN (FMP)

Prior to the start of fumigation, the Certified Applicator supervising the application must verify that a sitespecific FMP exists for each application block (i.e., a field or portion of a field treated with a fumigant in 

any 24-hour period). In addition, an agricultural operation fumigating multiple application blocks may 

format the FMP in a manner whereby all of the information that is common to all the application blocks is 

captured once, and any information unique to a particular application block or blocks is captured in 

subsequent sections. 

The FMP must be prepared by the Certified Applicator, the site owner/operator, registrant or other party. 

The Certified Applicator must verify in writing (sign and date) that the site-specific FMP(s) reflects current 

site conditions before the start of fumigation. 

Each site-specific FMP must contain the following elements: 

• Applicator information (name, phone number, pesticide applicator license and/or certificate number, 

employer name, employer address and date of completing registrant training program) 

• General site information 

o Application block location (e.g., county, township-range-section quadrant), address, or global 

positioning system (GPS) coordinates 

o Name, address, and phone number of owner/operator of the application block 

o Diagrams and maps 

o Identify nursing homes, hospitals, prisons, licensed schools, licensed day care facilities, or 

licensed assisted living facilities (licensed by state or local governments) within 1⁄4 mile of the 

fumigated area, and document how it was determined that such sites would be unoccupied 

during the application period. 

• General application information (target application date/window, brand name of fumigant, EPA 

registration number) 

• Tarp information and procedures for repair, and perforation 

o Brand name, lot number, thickness 

o Name and phone number of person responsible for repairing tarps 

o Schedule for checking tarps for damage, tears, and other problems 

o Maximum time following notification of damage that the person(s) responsible for tarp repair 

will respond 

17
 

o Minimum time following application that tarp will be repaired 

o Minimum size of damage that will be repaired 

o Other factors used to determine when tarp repair will be conducted 

o Name and phone number of person responsible for perforating and/or removing tarps (if other 

than Certified Applicator) 

o Equipment/methods used to perforate tarps 

o Schedule and target dates for perforating tarps 

o Schedule and target dates for removing the tarps (for broadcast applications) 

• Soil conditions (description of soil texture in application block, method used to determine soil 

moisture) 

• Weather conditions (summary of forecasted conditions for the day of the application and the 48-hour 

period following the fumigant application) 

o Wind speed 

o Inversion conditions (e.g., shallow, compressed (low-level) temperature inversion) 

o Air stagnation advisory 

• Buffer Zones 

o Application method 

o Application rate (pounds of PALADIN® EC per acre) 

o Application block size (acres) 

o Buffer zone distance 

o Description of areas in the buffer zone that are not under the control of the owner/operator of 

the application block and how it was verified that these structures were unoccupied during the 

buffer zone period. 

• Air-purifying respirators, air-rescue devices, and other personal protective equipment (PPE) for 

handlers (handler task, protective clothing, air-purifying respirator type, respirator cartridge type, 

respirator cartridge replacement schedule, air-rescue device type, eye protection, gloves, other PPE) 

• Emergency procedures (evacuation routes, locations of telephones, contact information for first 

responders, local/state/federal/tribal contacts, key personnel and emergency 

procedures/responsibilities in case of an incident, equipment/tarp/seal failure or complaints, or other 

emergencies). 

• Fumigant Treated Area posting procedures (person(s) who will post Fumigant Treated Area signs, 

location of Fumigant Treated Area signs, procedures for Fumigant Treated Area sign removal) 

• Plan describing how communication will take place between the applicator, land owner/operator, and 

other on-site handlers (e.g., tarp perforators/removers, irrigators) for complying with label 

requirements (e.g., timing of tarp perforation and removal, PPE, buffer zone location). 

o Name and phone number of persons contacted 

o Date contacted 

• Authorized on-site personnel 

o Names, addresses and phone numbers of handlers 

o Names, addresses and phone numbers for employers of handlers 

o Tasks that each handler is authorized and trained to perform 

o For handlers designated to wear air-purifying respirators: 

 date of medical qualification to wear an air-purifying respirator 

 date of air-purifying respirator training, and 

 date of fit-testing for the air-purifying respirator. 

• Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) 

o Description of applicable mandatory GAPs 

o Measurements and documentation to ensure GAPs are achieved (e.g., measurement of soil 

and other site conditions) 

• Description of hazard communication. (The application block has been posted in accordance with the 

label. Non-handlers are excluded from the buffer zone. Pesticide product labels and material safety 

data sheets are on-site and readily available for employees to review.) 

• Record-keeping procedures (the owner/operator of the application block as well as the Certified 

Applicator must keep a signed copy of the site-specific FMP for 2 years from the date of application). 

For situations where an initial FMP is developed and certain elements do not change for multiple 

fumigation sites (e.g., applicator information, authorized on-site personnel, record-keeping procedures, 

emergency procedures) only elements that have changed need to be updated, in the site-specific FMP 

provided the following: 

• The Certified Applicator supervising the application has verified that those elements are current and 

applicable to the application block before it is fumigated. 

18
 

• Record-keeping requirements are followed for the entire FMP (including elements that do not 

change). 

Once the application begins, the Certified Applicator must make a copy of the FMP available for viewing 

by handlers involved in the fumigation. The Certified Applicator or the owner operator of the application 

block must provide a copy of the FMP to any local/state/federal/tribal enforcement personnel who request 

the FMP. In the case of an emergency, the FMP must be made immediately available when requested by 

local/state/federal/tribal emergency response and enforcement personnel. 

Within 30 days of completing the application portion of the fumigation process, the Certified Applicator 

supervising the application must complete a post-application summary that describes any deviations from 

the FMP that have occurred, measurements taken to comply with GAPs, monitoring results as well as any 

complaints and/or incidents that have been reported to him/her. 

The Post-Application Summary must contain the following elements: 

• Actual date of the application, application rate, and size of application block fumigated 

• Summary of weather conditions on the day of the application and during the 48-hour period following 

the fumigant application 

• Soil temperature measurement (if air temperatures were above 100 degrees F in any of the 3 days 

prior to the application) 

• Tarp damage and repair information (if applicable) 

o Location and size of tarp damage 

o Description of tarp/tarp seal/tarp equipment failure 

o Date and time of tarp repair 

• Tarp perforation/removal details (if applicable) 

o Description of tarp removal (if different than in the FMP) 

o Date tarps were perforated 

o Date tarps were removed (for broadcast applications) 

• Complaint details ( if applicable) 

o Person filing complaint (e.g., on-site handler, person off-site) 

o If off-site person, name, address, and phone number of person filing complaint 

o Description of control measures or emergency procedures followed after complaint. 

• Description of incidents, equipment failure, or other emergency and emergency procedures followed 

(if applicable) 

• Details of elevated air concentrations monitored on-site (if applicable) 

o Location of elevated air concentration levels 

o Description of control measures or emergency procedures followed 

o Air monitoring results 

 When garlic-like odor was detected: 

• Date and time of detection 

• Handler task/activity 

• Handler location where odor was detected 

• DMDS sampling results 

• Resulting action (e.g. continue operations with air-purifying respirators) 

• Date of Fumigant Treated Area sign removal 

• Date of Buffer Zone sign removal (if used) 

• Any deviations from the FMP 

• Record-keeping procedures (the owner/operator of the application block as well as the Certified 

Applicator must keep a signed copy of the post-application summary for 2 years from the date of 

application). 

RATES AND USES 

PALADIN® EC is recommended for control or suppression of weeds, soil-borne plant pathogens 

and nematodes in soils to be planted to vegetable crops, fruit crops, and nursery/ornamental 

field crops where plastic tarp is used for chemigation. 

19
 

The following table provides application rates in gallons and pounds of PALADIN® EC per 

broadcast acre (if the entire surface acre was tarped and treated, such as a flat fume 

chemigation application). 

 BROADCAST PRE-PLANT SOIL FUMIGATION TABLE 

Broadcast Application Rate 

of PALADIN® Crop Pests EC/Acre 

Gallons Pounds 

Fruiting Vegetables 

 Tomatoes 

 Peppers 

 Eggplant 

Cucurbit Vegetables 

 Cucumbers 

 Squash (all) 

 Melons (all) 

Small Fruit Crops 

 Strawberries 

 Blueberries 

 Caneberries 

Field Grown 

Ornamentals 

Forest Nursery Crops 

Weeds such asNutsedge (Purple and Yellow), 

Chickweed, Lambsquarters, Purslane, 

Grasses 

Soil Borne Plant Pathogens such asVerticillium, Fusarium, Pythium, 

Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia

Nematodes such asRoot Knot (Southern, Northern and 

Colombia)*, Stubby Root, Lesion, 

Stunt, Sting

54.2

42.3 – 54.2 

37 – 54.2 

479 

374 - 479 

326 - 479 

Note: Use the higher rate of product when there is a combination of these pests. 

*For cyst-forming nematodes, use the maximum rate. 

PALADIN® EC Application Amounts for Prepared Beds

The actual amount of PALADIN® EC to use for application to pre-formed beds or the “effective 

broadcast equivalent rate” can be calculated as follows: 

Bed top width (inches) x broadcast rate* = effective broadcast equivalent rate 

Row spacing (center to center in inches) 

The Bed top width/Row spacing (ratio) is equal to the Field Rate Modifier. The Field Rate 

Modifier is calculated for a number of common Bed top widths and Row spacing combinations in 

the Table below. 

* from the table above 

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For example, the maximum amount/rate for PALADIN® EC is 479 lbs or 54.2 

gallons/acre. If applied to preformed beds that are 30 inches wide with center to center 

row spacing of 48 inches, then the amount of PALADIN® EC that will be applied within a 

physical acre (the effective broadcast equivalent rate) will be 299 lbs/34 gallons/acre as 

per the following calculation. 

Bed width (30 inches) = 0.625 x 479 lbs /Acre = 299 lbs/acre effective broadcast equivalent 

rate 

Row spacing (48 inches) 54.2 gal/Acre = 34 gallons/A effective broadcast 

equivalent rate 

By using the bed width and row spacing in this formula and the desired broadcast use rate from 

the table, you can calculate the amount of PALADIN® EC needed to apply to the “treated acre” 

within the physical acre area. (see Field Rate Modifer Table for Raised Bed Applications below). 

Field Rate Modifier Table for Raised Bed Applications 

Row Spacing

(inches) 

Bed Width (inches) Field Rate Modifier 

72 40 0.55 

72 36 0.50 

72 32 0.44 

72 30 0.42 

72 28 0.39 

66 32 0.48 

66 30 0.45 

66 28 0.42 

66 24 0.36 

60 30 0.50 

60 28 0.47 

48 30 0.62 

48 28 0.58 

Once the appropriate field rate modifier has been determined and the corresponding effective 

broadcast equivalent application rate has been calculated, see the Buffer Zone Distance Table 

for Raised Bed Shank Injected Applications to determine the mandatory buffer zone distance. 

Co-application or split/sequential application with chloropicrin will enhance the spectrum of 

control of weeds and soil-borne plant pathogens. 

If chloropicrin, metam-sodium or 1,3-dichloropropene products are co-applied or sequentially 

applied with PALADIN® EC, follow the most restrictive use directions on the label, regarding 

reentry, buffer zones, PPE requirements, planting interval, etc., as these intervals may be longer, 

and/or more restrictive, and may require additional crop testing methods. 

STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. 

Refillable container. Refill this container with pesticide only. Do not reuse this container for any 

other purpose. Cleaning the container before final disposal is the responsibility of the person 

disposing of the container. Cleaning before refilling is the responsibility of the refiller. 

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PESTICIDE HANDLING: Ensure all containers are bonded and grounded during filling, 

transferring or emptying operations. 

PESTICIDE STORAGE: Store in well-ventilated area away from heat and sources of ignition 

such as flame, sparks, and static electricity. Do not store near or with oxidizers. Store only in 

areas that are authorized for flammable material storage. Cylinder storage must be in an area 

as designated by local and State requirements. Make certain cylinder tops are closed and 

cylinder remains in an upright position. Store only in original containers.

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL: Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess 

pesticide or rinsate is a violation of federal law. If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use 

according to label instructions, contact your state pesticide or environmental control agency, or 

hazardous waste representative at the nearest EPA regional office for guidance. 

CONTAINER RETURN: Return used cylinders or totes to the place of purchase, as directed on 

container or by container supplier/distributor. Container must never be refilled by the consumer 

or used for any other product purposes. For cylinder return (1) the valve protection bonnet 

and safety cap should be removed only when fumigant is about to be removed from the 

cylinder. The safety cap and valve protection bonnet must be replaced when the cylinder is not 

in use. (2) Cylinders should never be subjected to rough handling or to abnormal mechanical 

shock such as dropping, bumping, dragging or sliding. (3) Ropes, slings, hooks, tongs and 

similar handling devices should not be used for unloading cylinders. (4) A suitable hand truck, 

fork truck, or similar device to which the cylinders can be firmly secured should be used for 

transporting the heavier cylinders. If cylinder retains any unused material and there are no 

further requirements for the product, contact the distributor representative for return instructions. 

For tote return ensure all valves are closed and valve openings are capped and sealed. For 

further instructions contact your distributor. 

EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS: 

CHEMTREC: (800) 424-9300 

MEDICAL: (866) 767-5089 (Rocky Mountain Poison Control Center) 

CONDITIONS OF SALE AND LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND LIABILITY 

The Directions for Use of this product must be followed carefully. It is impossible to eliminate all risks 

inherently associated with the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended 

consequences may result because of such factors as manner of use or application, weather or crop 

conditions, presence of other materials, resistant strains or other influencing factors in the use of the 

product. To the extent consistent with applicable law, all such risks shall be assumed by Buyer and User, 

and Buyer and User agree to hold Arkema Inc., Manufacturer and Seller harmless for any claims relating 

to such factors. TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, ARKEMA INC. AND 

MANUFACTURER MAKE NO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR 

PARTICULAR PURPOSE NOR ANY OTHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY EXCEPT AS 

STATED ON THIS LABEL. 

To the extent consistent with applicable law, Arkema Inc., Manufacturer or Seller shall not be 

liable for any incidental, consequential or special damages resulting from the use or handling of 

this product. TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE 

REMEDY OF THE USER OR BUYER, AND THE EXCLUSIVE LIABILITY OF ARKEMA INC., 

MANUFACTURER AND SELLER FOR ANY AND ALL CLAIMS, LOSSES, INJURIES OR 

DAMAGES (INCLUDING CLAIMS BASED ON BREACH OF WARRANTY, CONTRACT, 

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NEGLIGENCE, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE) RESULTING FROM THE USE 

OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT, SHALL BE THE RETURN OF THE PURCHASE PRICE 

OF THE PRODUCT OR, AT THE ELECTION OF ARKEMA INC., MANUFACTURER OR 

SELLER, THE REPLACEMENT OF THE PRODUCT. 

Arkema Inc., Manufacturer and Seller offer this product, subject to the foregoing conditions of 

sale and limitations of warranty and of liability, which may not be modified except by written 

agreement signed by a duly authorized representative of Arkema Inc. 

Rev. 05/11/10 

PALADIN is a trademark of Arkema Inc. 

© 2010 Arkema Inc. All rights reserved.

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