U N IT F. () STATES E:'i'V!RO:'lliMENTAL. PROTECTIO:'lli AGEN CY WAS HING TON , D .C. 20460



### D

EC 1 3 2010

OffICE Of CHH. tICAL SAfETY ASO POLLUTION PREVE"''''IO'' MEMORAND UM SU BJECT: FROM:

TH R U :

TO: 

### B EAD C he mical Profile fo r Reg i s tration R eview : Ethaltluralin Ka itlin Rie nzo -Stack, B iologi s t ..( ..

# ~l Bio lo gica l An aly s i s B ranch

### \~ Kathe rine S tebbins, B iologi s t**~~** 

### Sc ience In formation and A n aly si s Branch M ichelle R anville , Economi s t Eco nomic Analy si s Branch B iological an d Eco nomic Anal ysi s D ivi si on ( 750 3P) Amet J o ne s, C hief 

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# ....... B io logi ca l A nal ysis Bran ch**l(-** 

### D iann Si m s . C hief Sc ience I nformation an d A nalysi s B ranch Tim othy Kiely , C hi e f 

# 51 A A ( E co nomic Ana lysi s B ranch \ , 

# v\ V B iolog ical and Economic Ana ly .s Division (750 P ) K elly B allard . Ch e mi cal Review Manage r P e s t ici de Reevaluat ion Divi s i o n (75 08 P ) 

### Peer Revi ew Panel date : August 25, 20 10 

### INTRODUCTION The purpo s e of th i s doc ument is to conv ey u sage in f ormat ion and a bro ad o verview o f the pe st manageme nt ro le s of pe s ticide s tha t are beg innin g t o under g o reg istration re v iew . The a nt icipated aud i ence c onsi s t s o f th e team of E PA s taff c urrentl y eva luating the re g i stra tion s tatu s o f et h alfluralin , and eve ntuall y the ge neral public . Thi s d oc ument b uild s upon the d ata al readyprovi ded in the " U sage and Label U se D ata Package s" that are al so provided t o R e gistration Rev iew team s by B EAD . E thalfluralin i s a n her b icide u s ed fo r pre emergence con trol of c ertain annu al g ra sses and b roadle af w eed s in c anola, c rambe, cu cumber s , dry b eans and pe as , me lons, pe an uts, pumpki n s. s afflower, s quash , soy bean s , s unflowers, an d p otatoes. Et halfluralin i s a K 1/3 g rou p h erbi cide u sed t o co ntro l a br oad r ange of annu al g ra ss es and bro adleaf weed pe s ts v ia ro ot g rowt h inhibition . USE SITES Canota, c rambe . cucumbers. dry beans and peas, melons . peanut s . pumpkin s , saffl owe r, squash . soybean s, s u n flowers. and potatoe s. There are a l so seve ral spec ial l ocal ne ed s (SLN) regis tration s f or a lfalfa an d clove r g rO "" TI f or s ee d (WY ), a lfa lfa g rown f or se ed ( WA, O R, !D , M T , N V), d ill g rown f or o il (WA ), mu stard (N D), and lentil s (N D, M T) . COMMON FO RMULATIONS AND APPLICATION METHODS Et halfluralin i s f o rmu late d a s an e mul s ifiab le co ncentrate ( u s ually di lut ed w ith g l yco l s o r oth er s uch em ulsifiers) o r granular form ulation . Etha lflurali n m ay be applied as a so il band o r bro adcast t reatment with a low p ressure ground s pray er . Other treatment s include so il incorporation tr eatment, impregnated dry bulk fe rtilize r tr eatm ent, and c hemiga tion.

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### USA GE B ased o n priv ate market s u rv e y data fr o m 20 06

- 2008 , the annua l a gricultural u sag e averaged a pproximate ly 1 .3 m i llion pound s for 1 . 5 m illion acre s (GfK Ky netec , 2 006- 2008 ) . From 2 006 -200 8, the lar ge s t m arkets i n term s of t otal po und s of ac tive i ngredient a pplied w ere : D ry b ean s/ pe as , su nflower s, pean ut s, c ucumber s, and watermelon s ( Fig ur e I and Tab le 1 ) . The se crop s we re al so the high es t i n te rms of the t otal are a tre ated .

- Or) ' Beans/Peas • Su nflowe rs 0 P eanuts 0 Cucurmers • w arcerc jon s IJ Other Fig ure I. Po unds AI Applied for Major Agricult ural Mar kets S ource : G tK K ynerec , 200 6-2008 f 

### M ' A ' cult ur al Markcts (2006 -2008) I U P 

### T b l

1 Ta e . tvmca 

## s. atter ns 

### o r ar or \2r1 Ave rage App lication Ave rage R ate N u m be r of ( Pound s/A) Aoo lica ti ons Dry bean s/pe as 0 .9 1 Sunfl owe rs 1.0 1 Pe anut s 0 .7 1 C ucum bers 0 .7 1 Waterm e l ons 0 . 8 1 Sour ce . G fK K ynet ec , 200 6-200 8 T he s t ates w ith the m ost a gric ultural u sage in te rm s o f po und s A I a pplie d are : No rth D akota , Ge orgia , So uth Da kota , Id aho , M in neso ta, A laba ma , Mi chigan , a nd N ebraska (Fig ure 2) . Th e s e s tate s a l so ranked s im i l a rly in term s o f t he t o tal a rea treated .



### 3N ORTH D AKOTA
• GE ORGIA 

### o S OUT H D A KOTA o IDAlia
• M INNESO T A**lA Cli** **G\** DI'fBRASKA

. O he r

F igure 2. States with Highest Use - Percent of Tota l L bs Al App lied S o urce: GfK K yne lec , 2006 · 2008 

### U SE TRE NDS The h i storica l u sage data pro vided i n thi s s ection h a s not been ana l yzed in detail a nd i s p rovided f or preliminary s eop i ng pu rpo se s o n l y, to c onvey a broad ov erv iew of ethalfluralin a t the be ginnin g of th e re gistrat ion rev iew proce ss . In g eneral , eth altl uralin use decl ined in the earl y 2 0oo ' s an d h as remain ed f airly s t ab le in recent y ears ( Figure 3 ) . The d ecline in u sag e w as primari ly due to a redu ction in u se o n s unflowers a nd soy bean s .

· tOOO . OOO**r- -------------------** **~--- -___,** 

1 998 1999 2000 200 1 2002 2 003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2 008
II D ry bean s . Su nflowers 0 Peanut s 0 S oybeans • Cucu mbers . Other Figure 3 . Poun ds Al Applied So urce : G tK K yn ete c , 1998 -2008BIOLOGICAL ASPECT S RELE VANT TO ETHALFLURALIN 

### Ethalfluralin i s applied pre-plant alone or in tank mixe s w i th 

### chemical s s uch as EPTC (also an herb icide) to contro l a broad array of weeds befo re o r at gennination by 

### inh ibitin g root growth . The largest u se o f ethalfluraJin i s in dry bean cr ops to c ontrol multiple night shade s pecies, w i ld oat, and common lambsq uan ers ( Glogoza et a l ., 1999; Fuch s and Hirnyck, 2000 ) . In s unflowe r , ethal fluralin i s a w ide l y u sed h erbicide ( G fK Ky netec ) . It 

### i s u sed to control annua l grasse s, fox tail. and so me broad leaf wee d s . Et hal fl urali n is u s ed to co ntro l a s im i lar pe st s pe ctrum in s oybean and pean uts, (La prade e t a l ., 2000 ; Po tter and O st l ie, 2 003) . There i s un ce rta inty abou t c urrent usage , b ecause th e availab le d a ta are 5 to 1 0 y ears o ld . Ethalfl uralin i s cat ego rized a s a K 1/3 h erbi ci de i n th e di nit roani lin e c he mica l fam ily ; it s m od e o f act i o n (M oA) i s c haracteri zed by mi crotubule ass e mbly inhibiti on in weed p ests . T here are th ree d oc umented inciden ce s o f we e ds r e si stant to e thalfl ura lin in t he Intern a tional S urve y o f He r b icid e Re sistant Wee ds (T ab le 2 )
. 

### N one o f th e reported in cide nt s o f e tha lfl ura l in re si stant w eed s wer e in th e U SA o r w ithi n the p ast 1 7 year s . T he re are a tot a l o f 1 0 d ocumented incidence s o f res i sta nt we ed s wo rldw id e for th e K1 / 3 he rbicide cl as s f rom 1 973 u nti l the p re s en t ( WSSA 20 10) . T he EPA O ffice of Pe s t icide ' s Sect ion 6(a) (2) datab ase adver se effe cts repo rt s al so co ntain n o repo rt s of laboratory 

### or field w eed res i stance to et h alfluralin . 

### d t 

## r f 

### h In d 

### T b l 2 S b

a e , u 

### s ta nn ate re p ort s 0 

### et a u ra In 

### r e s rs tan 

### wee 

# , In c ident Year Locatio n C ra ns R esista nt We ed \ 198 2 A u st ralia b arley , wheat R igi d rve grass ( Lo li um r igidum 2 199 \ C an ada cano ta, flax , w heat G reen foxta il (Se taria vir idls ] 3 1 99 2 C anada barl ey , c ano la, fla x , whe at G ree n foxta il { Seta ria vir id ist S ource : W S S A 20 I 0 HISTORY OF B EAO ASSESSMENTS FOR ETHA LFLURALI N 

### Ethaltl ura l in h a s no t bee n the s ubject of a ny ri sk mi ti gation i mpact a ss e ss ment s dev eloped b y B EAD . How eve r , f rom 1 997 to 2 001, th ere we re e me rgency e xempti on ( Secti o n 1 8) req ue s t s f rom M ontan a , Mi nn eso t a , a nd No rth D akota f o r c a n ola , c ramb e, an d s a fflo wer. I 

### Koc hi a w as the primary w eed t ar g eted f o r a ll o f th e s e s ite s , a ltho u g h w ild b u c k whe at wa s a l s o a c o ncern i n 1 997 , with both Mo ntana a nd N o rth Dakot a re ceiving c ri s i s e xe mption s f or the u s e o f e tha l tlura lin on ca n o la . See A ttachme nt A for a l i st of B EAD ' s c omp leted as se s s me nts o f the se re quest s . DATA N EEDS R ELE VANT TO B EAD'S F U TU RE WORK ON ETHALFLURALI N 

### A dditional informati o n o n th e u se of ethalfluralin on the f ollo wing crop s w o uld improve future B EAD as se ssment s o f eth alfluralin and may be required as pa rt o f the regi strati on review of thi s pe sticide : crambe, saffl ower , dill, mustard, and lentil s . Al so, as mentioned above , much o f the available data c haracteri zi ng u sage of eth al tlura lin in crop produc tion i s s eve ra l years o ld and m ay not reflec t change s i n u se patte rn s .

I C ro ps gro wn f or oi l . 

### 5REFERENCE S Env ironme ntal Pro tec ti on Age ncy ( E P A). 2 010 . S ection 18 Ac tion D a t abas e . Ava i lable a t : h n p :/tcfp ubl . epa . gov/opp re f/s ection I S/ s earch . cfrn . R etrie ved 8/ 18/1 O . Fu chs . Samue l a nd Ronda H imyck 2 000 . Crop Profile for 

### Dry Bean s in Idaho . A vailab le a t : hnp : //\\'\\ 'w. ipmc ente rs . or glcropprofile s/doc sJl DDr... Bean s .pdf Ret rieved 8/15 /10 . 

### GfK Kynetec . 1998 -2 008 . Propri e tary D ata . Gl og oza. Ph illi p; Duane Ber glund ; Ken G raft on ; A rt Lame y; Richard Z ollin ger; and T im Co umeya . 199 9 . C rop P ro file for B eans ( D ry Edible) in No rth D akot a . Avail a ble a t: h np :// \\ v. w . 

### i pmcent ers. or glc roppro file sld oc slnd bean s-drved ible . pd f. 

### R ein e yed 8/ 15/ 1 O . La Prade, J e ss e ; J ames Week s ; G lenn Weht je ; Au s tin H a g an, Ge off r ey Z ehnde r , Dallas H artzo g; and Jerry Cr e ws . 2000 . C ro p Profile fo r Pe anuts i n Alabam a . A vailab le at : hnp ://\\v, 'w. ipmcent ers. or g/CropProtile s/doc s/ alpcanut s .pdf Re trieved 8/15/ 10. Pott er, B ruce a n d K en O s tlie. 2003 . C rop Pr ofile f or So ybe an in Minn e sota . Ava i lable a t : 

### http: //w ww.ip mcentcrs .o rg/C ropProfile s/ docsIMN Soybean s .pdf. Retrieve d 8 / 15/1 O . T hom as, J o hn ; Gary H cin ; and S hripat Kambl e . 2003 . C ro p Pro file for Su nflowers in N eb ras ka. Ava i labl e a t http ://www . ipmcenters. o rglc ro pprofi les/do csIN Es unfl o w c rs. p df Re trieved 

### 8/ 15/1 O . U S D A Na tional Ag ricultural S tatistics Servi ce (NASS) . Ava ilable a t : http ://w\\w .pc stm anagerne nt.info /nas s /act d sp u sage multiple .cfrn . R etrieved 8 /1 5/10. Weed S cience S ociety o f A merica (WSSA) .l nternation a l S u rv ey o f He rbicide -Resi stan t Weed s . A vailab le at : http ://\\ '\\ w . v. ' eed s cience. or g /In .asp . Retrieved 8/ 15 /10 .



### 6ATTACHMEN T A: EMERGENCY EXEMPTION REQUESTS FOR ETHAFLURA LIN

Sou rce : EPA (20 1O) 

### DP S ite P es' Stat e D at e R esponse R es ponse Barcode(s) Rece ived Da te for BEAD a ss essmen t s CAN OLA W ILD M O

NTANA 2 / 1 3/ 19 97 1 1 171 19 97 WITH DRAW N BU CKWH EA T CA NOL A WILD M ONT ANA 5 /2 1 / 1997 5/2 1119 97 C RI S I S B U CKWH EAT AP PRO VED 0 233497 CA N

OLA WIL D NO RTH 512 11 1 997 5 12 1 / 1997 C RI S IS B UC KW H EAT DA K OTA A PP RO VED CA NOLA W ILD M O N TA N A 7/2 9 / 1997 111 5 / 1 997 DE N IED BUC KW HEAT 01 1310 1 CANOLA K OC HIA NOR TH 9 19 /1998 3 130 / 1999 ISS UED NO : DAKO TA D 2 5 03 1 1&0 2 CANOL A KOC HIA M INN ES OTA 9/ 1 11 1998 3 / 30

/ 1999 I S S U ED 5 0 3 12 ; MN : 0 25 0 3 16& 0 2 5 03 1 7 CA NOLA KOC HIA M O NT A NA 10 127 1 1998 3 130 1 1999 I S S U ED C R AMBE K OCHIA NO RT H 5/ 5/199 9 6/1 0/ 1 99 9 DE N IED 0 2563 5 3 , D AKOTA D2 56 3 5 5 C

ANOLA KOC III A NO RTH 1 2/16/ 199 9 4 17 12 000 IS SU E D D

AK OTA 0 2 6414 8 . C ANOLA KOCHIA M O NTA NA 1/6 12000 4 n 12000 ISS UED 0 164 14 9 , CANOLA K OC HI A M INNESOTA 1 /2 1 12 000 4n l2 000 IS S UE D D264 15 0 C RAMB E KOCHI A N O R T H 212 312 000 3 / 1 12000 WITH DRA WN DA KO TA C A NOL A KOC HI A MONT AN A 21712 001 21 15 12 001 W IT H D RAWN C ANOLA KOC HIA NO RT H 21 1412 00 1 21 1512 001 W ITHDRA WN D A KO T A S AFFLO WE R KOCH I A NO RT H 21 1412 00 1 4 12 5 12 00 1 I SS U ED 0 2 12 119 , DAK OTA 0 272780 C A N O L A K OCHIA MI NN E S OTA 2 / 27

/ 2001 4 /1312 00 I I SSU ED C ANOL A K OC HI A M ONT AN A 2 / 27 /2 00 1 4 / 1312 0 0 1 I S SUE D C ANO LA KOCHIA No rth D ak o ta 2127 /200 1 4 / 1

312 00 1 I SSU ED S A F F LO W ER K OCHIA M ONTA NA 3 / 1

9 12 001 4 12 5 12 00 1 I SSUED D273 68 5 , D27 3 6 84

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