UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON D.C., 20460 

MEMORANDUM Date: November 19, 2007 

SUBJECT: Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment Chapter (DP Barcode 

D335823, 335824, 338355) in Support of Phase I of the Reregistration Eligibility 

Decision on Siduron (PC Code 035509) 

FROM: Ibrahim Abdel-Saheb, Ph.D., Environmental Scientist 

 Carolyn Hammer, Environmental Scientist 

 Environmental Risk Branch II 

 Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

 Office of Pesticide Programs 

 

THROUGH: Dana Spatz, Branch Chief 

 Environmental Risk Branch II 

 Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

 Office of Pesticide Programs 

 

TO: Dana Friedman, Chemical Review Manager

 Margaret Rice, Branch Chief 

 Special Review and Reregistration Division (7508P) 

 Office of Pesticide Programs 

The Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has completed the draft baseline 

ecological risk assessment in support of Phase I of the reregistration eligibility decision on 

siduron (PC Code 035509). Conclusions regarding the environmental fate, ecological effects and 

ecological risks associated with the current uses of siduron can be found in the executive 

summary of the attached document. 

1
Data Gaps 

Table A1 identifies the status of environmental fate and transport study requirements and Table 

A2 identifies the status of ecological effects study requirements. While additional fate 

information on major degradates identified in laboratory studies would provide a more accurate 

understanding of the long-term exposure of the pesticide and its degradates, this information is 

unlikely to change the current risk conclusions. 

There are a number of uncertainties in terms of the ecological effect data. There are no 

submitted or open literature chronic toxicity studies for fish or aquatic invertebrates nor are there 

data available for toxicity to aquatic vascular plants. Additionally, there is no acceptable 2-

generation reproduction study for mammals. In the absence of this data, toxicity data from other 

phenylurea compounds is used. It is possible that these data will overestimate the risk of siduron 

to mammals and aquatic plants. However, given the range of available phenylurea data, even 

using the smallest acute-to-chronic ratio, the aquatic RQs for fish would still exceed the LOC 

Using the extrapolated toxicity endpoint, we have concluded that there is risk to fish, mammals 

and aquatic plants from siduron exposure. Submitted data to address these data gaps decrease the 

uncertainty of the risk conclusions. 

Labeling Recommendations 

EFED recommends that the maximum application rates, frequency, and timing be more clearly 

defined on the label.

Table A1. Environmental Fate and Transport Data Requirements for Siduron 

Guideline 

No. 

Data Requirement MRID No. Study Classification 

161-1 

835.2120 

Hydrolysis MRID# 41050501 Acceptable 

161-2 

835.2240 

Photodegradation in Water (pH 7) MRID# 41811301 Acceptable 

161-3 

835.2410 

Photodegradation on Soil MRID# 41811302 Acceptable 

161-4 

835.2370 

Photodegradation in Air No Data Waived 

162-1 

835.4100 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Study ID#42159601 

MRID# 43846701 

Acceptable 

Acceptable 

162-2 

835.4200 

Anaerobic Soil Metabolism MRID# 41618201 Acceptable 

162-3 

835.4400 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism No Data Waived 

162-4 

835.4300 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism No Data Waived 

163-1 

835.1230 

Adsorption/Desorption MRID# 4811303 Acceptable 

163-2 

835.1410 

Laboratory Volatility No Data Waived 

163-3 

835.8100 

Field Volatility No Data Waived 

2
Table A1. Environmental Fate and Transport Data Requirements for Siduron 

Guideline 

No. 

Data Requirement MRID No. Study Classification 

164-1 

835.6100 

Terrestrial Field Dissipation MRID#42535801 Acceptable 

165-4 

850.1730 

Accumulation in Fish MRID# 41811305 Acceptable

Table A2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Siduron

Guideline 

No. Data Requirement Species Formulation

Are data 

adequate for 

ecological risk 

assessment? 

Acc. or MRID 

Number 

(Study 

Classification) 

71-1 

850.2100 

Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Colinus virginianus 

(Bobwhite Quail) 

Technical Yes 409916-01 

Upland game bird: 

Colinus virginianus 

(Bobwhite Quail) 

71-2 Technical Yes 409916-02 

850.2200 

Avian Subacute Dietary 

Toxicity 

Water fwl: 

Anas platyrhynchos 

(Mallard Duck)

Technical Yes 409916-03 

Colinus virginianus 

(Bobwhite Quail)

71-4 Technical Yes 438833-01 

850.2300 

Avian Reproduction Toxicity

Anas platyrhynchos 

(Mallard Duck)

Technical No -- 

Cold water species:

Oncorhynchus mykiss 

(Rainbow Trout)

72-1 Technical Yes 433245-01 

850.1075 

Freshwater Fish Acute LC50

Warm water species: 

Lepomis macrochirus 

(Bluegill Sunfish) 

Technical Yes -- 

72-2 

850.1010 

Freshwater Invertebrate 

Acute LC50 or EC50

Daphnia magna 

(water flea)

Technical Yes 433245-02 

72-3(a) 

850.1075 

Estuarine/Marine Fish LC50 Cyprinodon variegatus

(Sheepshead Minnow)

Technical Yes 433279-02 

72-3(b) 

850.1025 

850.1055 

Estuarine/Marine 

Invertebrate (Mollusk) shell 

deposition or embryo-larval 

EC50

Crassostrea virginica 

(Eastern Oyster) 

Shell deposition

Technical Yes 433854-01 

72-3(c) 

850.1035 

850.1045 

Estuarine/Marine 

Invertebrate (Shrimp)

Americamysis bahia 

(mysid shrimp)

Technical Yes 458683-01 

Fish Early Life-Stage 

(Freshwater) 

Prefer more sensitive 

of the acute fish 

species tested 

72-4 (a) Technical No --

850.1400 

(Marine) PreferAtlantic 

silverside 

Technical No -- 

3
4

Table A2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Siduron

Guideline 

No. Data Requirement Species Formulation

Are data 

adequate for 

ecological risk 

assessment? 

Acc. or MRID 

Number 

(Study 

Classification) 

Aquatic Invertebrate LifeCycle 

(Freshwater) 

Daphnia magna 

(water flea) 

72-4 (b) Technical No --

850.1300 

850.1350 (Marine) Americamysis bahia

(mysid shrimp) 

Technical No -- 

72-5 

850.1500 

Fish Full Life-Cycle 

(Freshwater) 

(Marine) 

-- Technical Reserved --

Monocots: (4 species 

of at least two 

families, one species 

of which is corn (Zea 

mays) 

TEP Study with TGAI, 

guideline calls for 

TEP 

123-1(a) 433854-02 

850.4100 

Seedling Emergence and 

Seedling Growth (Tier II) 

Dicots: Six species of 

at least four families, 

one species of which is 

soybean (Glycine max)

TEP Study with TGAI, 

guideline calls for 

TEP 

-- 

Monocots: (4 species 

of at least two 

families, one species 

of which is corn (Zea 

mays) 

TEP No 

Study with TGAI 

guideline calls for 

TEP 

42111001 

 (Tier I) 

123-1(b) 

850.4150 

Vegetative Vigor (Tier II) 

Dicots: Six species of 

at least four families, 

one species of which is 

soybean (Glycine max)

TEP No 

Study with TGAI 

guideline calls for 

TEP 

-- 

123-2 

850.4400 

Aquatic Plant Growth 

(Tier II) 

Lemna gibba 

(duckweed)

TEP No --

Anabaena flos-aquae 

(freshwater 

cyanobacterium)

Technical Yes 421110-02 

Skeletonema costatum

(marine diatom) 

TEP No -- 

Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata 

(green alga) 

TEP No -- 

123-2 

850.4550 

850.4500 

Algal Plant Toxicity 

(Tier II) 

Navicula pelliculosa 

(freshwater diatom)

TEP No -- 

141-1 

850.3020 

Honeybee Acute Contact 

Toxicity Test 

Apis mellifera 

(honey bee)

Technical Yes 00018842 

141-2 

850.3030 

Residues on Foliage 

Honeybee Toxicity Test 

Apis mellifera 

(honey bee) 

Technical Reserved -- 

141-4 Honeybee Feeding Toxicity 

Test 

Apis mellifera 

(honey bee) 

TEP Reserved --
Environmental Fate and Ecological Risk Assessment for the 

Reregistration of Siduron 

Siduron 

Urea, N-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-N'-phenyl-; 1-(2-Methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea 

CAS#: 1982496 

ERB II Team: 

Carolyn Hammer, Environmental Scientist 

Ibrahim Abdel-Saheb, Environmental Scientist 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

Peer Review: 

Donna Randall, Senior Effects Scientist 

Nelson Thurman, Senior Fate Scientist 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 

Branch Chief Approval: 

Dana Spatz, Branch Chief 

Environmental Risk Branch II 

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P) 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1 

A. Nature of Chemical Stressor .................................................................................................1 

B. Conclusions - Exposure Characterization .............................................................................1 

C. Conclusions - Effects Characterization .................................................................................2 

D. Potential Risks to Non-target Organisms..............................................................................2 

E. Uncertainties and Data Gaps .................................................................................................4 

II. PROBLEM FORMULATION................................................................................................... 5 

A. Stressor Source and Distribution...........................................................................................5 

1. Source and Intensity..........................................................................................................5 

2. Physical/Chemical Fate and Transport Properties.............................................................7 

3. Pesticide Type, Class and Mode of Action .......................................................................7 

B. Receptors...............................................................................................................................7 

1. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk ..........................................................................................7 

2. Aquatic Effects..................................................................................................................8 

3. Terrestrial Effects..............................................................................................................9 

C. Assessment Endpoints.........................................................................................................10 

D. Conceptual Model ...............................................................................................................10 

1. Rationale for Risk Hypothesis Selected ...........................................................................11 

2. Conceptual Diagram.........................................................................................................11 

3. Risk Hypotheses..............................................................................................................13 

E. Analysis Plan ......................................................................................................................13 

1. Measures of Exposure .....................................................................................................14 

a. Estimating Exposure in Terrestrial Systems...............................................................14 

b. Estimating Exposure in Aquatic Systems...................................................................15 

2. Measures of Effect ..........................................................................................................15 

a. Listed (Endangered or Threatened) Species...............................................................15 

b. Incident Data Review ................................................................................................16 

c. Data Gaps and Uncertainties ......................................................................................16 

III. ANALYSIS............................................................................................................................. 16 

A. Exposure Characterization ..................................................................................................16 

1. Environmental Fate and Transport Characterization .......................................................16 

a. Degradation.................................................................................................................18 

b. Mobility and Transport................................................................................................18 

c. Field Studies ...............................................................................................................18 

d. Degradates...................................................................................................................18 

2. Measures of Aquatic Exposure .......................................................................................19 

i
a. Aquatic Exposure Modeling........................................................................................19 

b. Aquatic Exposure Monitoring and Field Data.............................................................22 

3. Measures of Terrestrial Exposure ....................................................................................23 

a. Terrestrial Exposure Modeling....................................................................................23 

B. Ecological Effects Characterization ....................................................................................26 

1. Evaluation and Selection of Aquatic and Terrestrial Effect Studies...............................27 

a. Aquatic Effects Characterization................................................................................27 

b. Terrestrial Effects Characterization............................................................................33 

2. ECOTOX Summary of Effects .......................................................................................37 

3. Incident Data Review......................................................................................................38 

IV. Risk Characterization............................................................................................................. 39 

A. Risk Estimation - Integration of Exposure and Effects Data ..............................................39 

1. Non-target Aquatic Animals and Plants..........................................................................40 

a. Fish and Invertebrates, Acute ......................................................................................40 

b. Fish and Invertebrates, Chronic .............................................................................41 

c. Aquatic Plants..............................................................................................................42 

2. Non-target Terrestrial Animals .......................................................................................43 

a. Birds............................................................................................................................43 

b. Mammals....................................................................................................................44 

c. Insects.........................................................................................................................45 

3. Non-target Terrestrial and Semi-aquatic Plants..............................................................45 

B. Risk Description ..................................................................................................................46 

1. Risks to Aquatic Organisms............................................................................................47 

a. Animals.......................................................................................................................47 

b. Plants ...........................................................................................................................48 

2. Risks to Terrestrial Organisms........................................................................................49 

a. Animals.......................................................................................................................49 

b. Plants ..........................................................................................................................50 

3. Review of Incident Data..................................................................................................50 

4. Endocrine Disruption ......................................................................................................50 

5. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species Concerns.................................51 

a. Action Area................................................................................................................51 

b. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk........................................................................51 

6. Co-occurrence Analysis ..................................................................................................53 

C. Assumptions, and Limitations, All Taxa.............................................................................54 

1. Assumptions and Limitations Related to Exposure for Aquatic Species........................54 

a. Lack of Averaging Time for Exposure.......................................................................54 

b. Routes of exposure .....................................................................................................54 

2. Assumptions and Limitations Related to Exposure for Terrestrial Species....................54 

a. The Use of Developmental Study in Lieu of Reproductive Study .............................54 

ii
b. Incidental Pesticide Releases Associated with Use....................................................55 

3. Assumptions and Limitations Related to Effects Assessment ........................................55 

a. Age class and sensitivity of effects thresholds...........................................................55 

b. Use of the Most Sensitive Species Tested..................................................................55 

4. Assumptions Associated with the Acute LOCs ..............................................................56 

D. Description of Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps......................................................56 

1. Environmental Fate Information Gaps.............................................................................56 

2. Ecotoxicity Data Gaps......................................................................................................57 

V. References............................................................................................................................... 58 

APPENDIX A: ECOTOX Results............................................................................................... 62 

APPENDIX B. Environmental Fate and Transport Study Details ............................................... 97 

APPENDIX C: PRZM/EXAMS Output Data from the FL, PA Turf, and PA Alfalfa 

Scenarios..................................................................................................................................... 101 

APPENDIX D: Input Parameters and Results from T-REX and Terrplant............................... 118 

APPENDIX E: TerrPlant Model................................................................................................ 131 

APPENDIX F: Results from Submitted Eco Toxicity Studies for Siduron............................... 133 

APPENDIX G. PHENYLUREA HERBICIDE TOXICITY AND STRUCTURE DATA........ 138 

APPENDIX H: Federally Listed Species that Co-Occur with Potential Siduron Use Sites 

at the County-Level (Based on LOCATES). .............................................................................. 140 

APPENDIX I: Environmental fate and Effects Data Requirements for Siduron ...................... 283 

APPENDIX J. Summary of Registered Labeled Siduron Uses................................................. 286 

APPENDIX K. Aquatic Plant Toxicity Data for Phenylurea Herbicides.................................. 291 

iii
List of Tables 

Table 1 Listed Species Risks Associated with Potential Direct or Indirect Effects 

Due to the Proposed Applications of Siduron on Turf...................................... 3 

Table 2. Summary of the Maximum Labeled Uses........................................................ 6 

Table 3 Test Species Evaluated for Assessing Potential Ecological Effects of Siduron 

and the Associated Acute Toxicity Classification .............................................. 9 

Table 4. Summary of Environmental Chemistry, Fate and Transport Properties of 

Siduron................................................................................................................. 17 

Table 5 Summary of Crop Scenarios Used in Aquatic Exposure Modeling ............ 19 

Table 6 Surface Water Exposure Inputs for PRZM/EXAMS for Siduron on Turf 21 

Table 7 Tier II Surface Water 1-in10 Year EECs (ppb) of Siduron from Turf Use 22 

Table 8 Dietary-Based EECs (ppm) for Each Use Scenario, as Calculated by TREX

.............................................................................................................................. 23 

Table 9 Avian Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw/d) for Each Use Scenario ................... 24 

Table 10 Mammalian Dose-based EECs (ppm) for Each Use Scenario ................... 24 

Table 11 Inputs for TerrPlant Model .......................................................................... 25 

Table 12 Siduron Loading EECs to Offsite Soil from Runoff and Spray Drift and 

Spray Drift Loading after 12lbs a.i./acre application...................................... 26 

Table 13 Summary of Specific Measurement Endpoint Values Selected to Calculate 

RQs to Evaluate Risk for the Associated Freshwater Aquatic Animal 

Assessment Endpoints ........................................................................................ 28 

Table 14 Phenylurea Herbicide 96-h Acute LC50, Freshwater Fish Early Life Stage 

NOAEC Values, and ACR ................................................................................. 29 

Table 15 Phenylurea Herbicide 96-h Acute LC50, Marine Fish Early Life Stage 

NOAEC, and ACR.............................................................................................. 29 

Table 16 Phenylurea herbicide D. magna Acute 48-h EC50, Reproduction NOAEC, 

and ACR Values.................................................................................................. 30 

Table 17 Phenylurea herbicide A. bahia Acute 96-h LC50, Reproduction NOAEC, 

and ACR Values.................................................................................................. 31 

Table 18. Summary of Specific Measurement Endpoint Values Selected to Calculate 

RQs to Evaluate Risk for the Associated Estuarine/Marine Animal 

Assessment Endpoints ........................................................................................ 33 

Table 19. Summary of Specific Measurement Endpoint Values Selected to Calculate 

RQs to Evaluate Risk for the Associated Terrestrial Animal Assessment 

Endpoints............................................................................................................. 34 

Table 20. Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Data..................................................................... 36 

Table 21. Aquatic Plant Toxicity Data.......................................................................... 37 

Table 22 Agency Levels of Concern (LOC)................................................................. 39 

Table 23 Aquatic EECs and acute freshwater and estuarine/marine RQ values for 

four siduron application Scenarios. .................................................................. 40 

Table 24 Aquatic EECs and chronic freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrate 

RQ values for four siduron application Scenarios........................................... 41 

Table 25. Aquatic EECs and chronic freshwater and estuarine/marine fish RQ 

values for four siduron application Scenarios.................................................. 42 

Table 26 Aquatic EECs and RQ values for Nonlisted Aquatic Plants...................... 42 

Table 27. Weight Adjusted Avian LC50 values............................................................ 43 

iv
Table 28. Dose-based EECs for comparison with acute LD50 or LC50 values. Values 

in bold indicate EEC that is greater than theLD50 > value. ............................ 43 

Table 29 Dietary Based Chronic Avian RQs (values in bold exceed LOC)............... 44 

Table 30. Mammalian, weight adjusted LD50 values.................................................. 44 

Table 31 Mammalian Acute EECs vs adjust "LD50"................................................. 44 

Table 32 Table of Mammalian LOC (1) Exceedences (includes Dietary and DoseBased)................................................................................................................... 45 

Table 33 Terrestrial Invertebrate Contact RQ Values .............................................. 45 

Table 34 RQ Values for Plants in Upland (dry) and Semi-Aquatic Areas Exposed to 

Siduron (Applied once at 22lb a.i./acre) Through Runoff and/or Spray Drift

.............................................................................................................................. 46 

Table 35 RQ Values for Plants in Upland (dry) and Semi-Aquatic Areas Exposed to 

Siduron (Applied once at 12lb a.i./acre) Through Runoff and/or Spray Drift

.............................................................................................................................. 46 

Table 36. RQ Values for Plants in Upland (dry) and Semi-Aquatic Areas Exposed to 

Siduron (Applied once at 24 lb a.i./acre) Through Runoff and/or Spray Drift

.............................................................................................................................. 46 

v
vi

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1 Siduron Structure.............................................................................................. 5 

Figure 2 Conceptual Diagram of Exposure Pathways, Receptors, and Attribute 

Changes for Evaluating Risk from Siduron Ground Spray Applications..... 12 

Figure 3 Conceptual Diagram of Exposure Pathways, Receptors, and Attribute 

Changes for Evaluating Risk from Siduron Granular Applications ............. 13 
I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

A. Nature of Chemical Stressor 

Siduron is a registered herbicide used to control warm-season grass in stands of coolseason grass, such as in lawns, on golf courses, and on sod farms. Siduron is a selective, 

systemic preemergence herbicide. It is of the class of pesticides known as phenylureas, 

which typically act to inhibit photosynthesis. While its exact mode of action for target 

pests is unknown, siduron is unlike the rest of the phenylurea herbicides because it is 

believe that it inhibits some aspect of cell division and is a root growth inhibitor, perhaps 

acting by mitosis disruption. It is assumed that in non-target organisms it will have 

similar modes of action to other phenylureas. 

There are 17 product labels (see Appendix I); all are single active ingredient formulations 

(i.e.., no multiple active ingredients). Formulations include granular, with a.i. ranging 

from 2.4% to 7.65% by weight, and a wettable powder, at 50% a.i. by weight. The 

maximum labeled application rates are two applications at 6 pounds a.i. per acre (lb 

a.i./A), when applied at seeding to bare ground and two applications at 12 lb a.i./A when 

applied to established turf. Additionally, there is a specialty application which calls for 

sequential applications of 22 lbs a.i./A on golf course tees and greens, at four week 

intervals. Overall, there are four basic maximum application Scenarios (Table 2). There 

are currently no 24(c) registrations for any siduron product. 

Siduron may be applied in spring or late summer to newly seeded spring or summer 

grass, or in the spring to fall seeded or planted turf, to established turf, or to overseeding 

of established turf. Application methods specified on the labels for granular formulation 

are with a dry spreader (drop or broadcast) and for the wettable powder products 

chemigation, ground spray. 

B. Conclusions - Exposure Characterization 

Siduron is resistant to hydrolysis, photolysis in water and on soil, and soil metabolism 

under aerobic (half-life ranges from 617 to 694 days) and anaerobic conditions (half-life 

= 365 days). Siduron is mobile in soil; with Koc values ranging from 175 to 268. 

Therefore, there is a potential for siduron to reach ground and surface water. Because of 

its persistence, siduron also has the potential to accumulate in soil over time as the result 

of multiple applications. 

Because siduron is very persistent in the environment; fate and transport information on 

degradates is lacking. Therefore, a quantitative environmental assessment for siduron 

degradates was not conducted. However, given that siduron degrades slowly under 

laboratory conditions across a range of degradation routes, degradates are not expected to 

form in significant quantities nor have a significant impact on risk conclusions. The 

degradates of siduron include an unidentified degradate (unknown A) present at up to 

5.8% and 8.1% of the applied radioactivity in two soils tested and 2-

1
methylcyclohexylamine, which accounted for only 2.1% of the applied radioactivity.. 

C. Conclusions - Effects Characterization 

Except for chronic tests with fish and aquatic invertebrates, a complete set of data are 

available for both freshwater and marine/estuarine organisms. Based on the available 

acute toxicity data, siduron is considered moderately toxic to freshwater fish, and slightly 

toxic to freshwater invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish and estuarine/marine 

invertebrates. There are no available studies on the effects of chronic exposure to aquatic 

organisms. To address chronic risk to fish and aquatic invertebrates, toxicity data from 

other phenylurea compounds was used to extrapolate chronic toxicity endpoints. 

Siduron is classified as practically non-toxic to birds, reptiles, amphibians, insects and 

mammals on an acute oral or dietary basis. The LOAEC for the most sensitive avian 

reproduction study was for bobwhite quail (6250 mg a.i./kg diet) based on hatchling 

weight and male body weight. The NOAEC was 2280 ppm. 

Monocots were the most sensitive group of terrestrial plants tested in the seedling 

emergence tests which is consistent with its selective mode of action for monocots. The 

most sensitive seedling emergence toxicity results were an EC25 of 2.0 lb a.i./A for a 

dicot (pea), and an EC25 of 0.30 lb a.i./A for a monocot (onion). The seedling emergence 

NOAEC values were 0.19 and 1.5 lb a.i./A for monocot and dicot respectively. For 

vegetative vigor, the most sensitive EC25 values were 0.18 lb a.i./A (monocot, onion) and 

4.5 lb a.i./A (dicot, rape). The monocot NOAEC could not be determined. Therefore, an 

EC05 of 0.16 lb a.i./A was calculated. For dicot (rape), the NOAEC is 1.5 lb a.i./A. 

D. Potential Risks to Non-target Organisms 

The RQs for listed and non-listed monocots in upland and semi-aquatic habitats exposed 

to combined runoff and spray drift exceed the Agency’s LOC of >1 for plants. The RQs 

for monocots exposed to spray drift do not exceed the LOC, indicating the primary risk 

driver is runoff. The RQs for listed and non-listed upland and semi-aquatic dicots 

exposed to combined runoff and spray drift did not exceed the LOC. 

RQs for aquatic fish and invertebrates exceed the Agency’s acute risk LOC for listed or 

non-listed species by a very small margin however, the probability of an individual effect 

makes this risk negligible. Chronic toxicity data are not available for any aquatic taxon; 

however the relative toxicity can be estimated by comparing available siduron toxicity 

data to chronic toxicity data for other phenylurea compounds. This comparison indicated 

the potential for risk from chronic exposure of fish and aquatic invertebrates to siduron. 

Acute RQs were not calculated for mammals because there were no definitive acute 

toxicity values. However, because there were no mortality or sublethal effects at the 

highest levels tested and both dose-based and dietary-based exposure concentrations were 

below these levels, no acute effects are expected. The chronic RQ exceeds the chronic 

LOC (1) for all use Scenarios and food categories. 

2
Regarding listed species, the screening-level analysis shows the possibility of direct 

effects to listed aquatic plants, terrestrial and semi-aquatic monocot plants, semi-aquatic 

dicot plants, and insects. Effects to birds and mammals are expected for chronic 

exposure but effects from acute exposure are uncertain. For indirect effects, all other 

taxa will be considered since there is a potential for indirect effects to taxa that might rely 

on plants and/or mammals for some stage of their life-cycle. Therefore, at this time, no 

Federally listed taxa can be excluded from the potential for direct and/or indirect effects 

from the proposed uses of siduron (see Table 1). ‘Listed’ species are those which are 

currently on the Federal list of endangered and threatened wildlife and plants. 

Table 1 Listed Species Risks Associated with Potential Direct or Indirect Effects 

Due to the Proposed Applications of Siduron on Turf

LISTED TAXON DIRECT EFFECTS INDIRECT 

EFFECTS 

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants – 

monocots Yes Yes1

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants - 

dicots No Yes1

Insects Yes Yes1

Birds 

No acute 

Yes Chronic (for two 

uses) 

Yes1

Terrestrial phase amphibians 

No acute 

Yes Chronic (for two 

uses) 

Yes1

Reptiles 

No acute 

Yes Chronic (for two 

uses) 

Yes1

Mammals No Acute 

Yes Chronic Yes1

Aquatic plants Yes Yes1

Freshwater fish Yes Yes1

Aquatic phase amphibians Yes Yes1

Freshwater crustaceans No acute 

Yes chronic Yes1

Mollusks No acute 

Yes chronic Yes1

Marine/estuarine fish No acute 

Yes chronic Yes1

Marine/estuarine crustaceans Yes Yes1

1

The non-listed LOC was exceeded for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants. Therefore, the potential for 

3
adverse effects to those species that rely either on a specific plant or multiple plant species (specifically 

terrestrial/semi-aquatic dicots) cannot be precluded. Indirect effects may include general habitat 

modification, host plant loss, and food supply disruption.

E. Uncertainties and Data Gaps 

There is no evidence in laboratory studies of siduron degradation in aquatic 

environments. As such, siduron was assumed stable in the model used to estimate 

aquatic exposure concentrations. Since the surface water body used in modeling has no 

outlet, there was accumulation of siduron in the system throughout the 30 year model 

simulation. In the case of persistent compounds like siduron, a 1-in-10 year estimated 

exposure concentration (EEC) does not reflect varying meteorological conditions that are 

expected once every ten years, since the yearly peaks are not independent but are actually 

correlated to the previous year’s peak concentration. This results in acute and chronic 

exposure concentrations that are very similar (i.e., < 2% difference between peak and 90-

day average EECs). Siduron concentrations in flowing water bodies are not expected to 

accumulate from year to year because of downstream dilution. Therefore, risk to aquatic 

plants resulting from accumulation of siduron from multiple years of application is likely 

to be overestimated in flowing water systems. 

4
II. PROBLEM FORMULATION 

The purpose of the problem formulation is to provide the foundation for performance of 

an ecological risk assessment of siduron in support of the reregistration eligibility 

decision. It sets the objectives for the risk assessment, evaluates the nature of the 

problem, and provides a plan for obtaining and analyzing data and characterizing the risk. 

A. Stressor Source and Distribution 

Siduron (Figure 1) is an herbicide used to control warm-season grass in stands of coolseason grass, such as in lawns, on golf courses and on sod farms. It may be applied in 

spring to newly planted grass or grass planted the previous fall, or to established turf. 

Siduron is not and has never been registered for any food or feed uses. Siduron was first 

registered in the early 1960’s and was acquired by the Gowan Company in 1994 and they 

remain the sole technical and manufacturing registrant. Other registrants include: 

Bonide, Scotts, Value Gardens Supply, Lebanon Seaboard, Voluntary Purchasing Group, 

Knox Fertilizer, United Industries, The Andersons, and Howard Johnson. For details on 

each company’s labels, see APPENDIX J.. 

Figure 1 Siduron Structure 

1. Source and Intensity 

Siduron is registered for use to control annual grassy weeds (such as crabgrass and water 

grass) in stands of cool-season grass such as lawns, on golf courses, and on sod farms. 

Siduron is used in all cool-season grass growing areas for crabgrass control, particularly 

at seeding. 

There are no registered mixture (i.e., multiple a.i.) siduron formulations. Single a.i. 

formulations include granular, with a.i. ranging from 2.4% to 7.65% by weight, and 

wettable powder, at 50% a.i. by weight. Label rates for established grass are twice those 

for new seedings. The maximum labeled application rates are 6 lb a.i./A when applied at 

seeding and 12 lb a.i./A when applied to established turf. Typical application rates are 

very nearly the same as the maximum labeled application rates. There are no 24(c) 

registrations for any siduron product. 

5
Siduron may be applied to newly planted grass in spring or late summer or applied in the 

fall during reseeding or to established turf for overseeding applications. It is formulated 

as a granular on a starter fertilizer and is usually applied to bare ground during renovation 

of an area using a spreader and immediately incorporated either mechanically or by 

watering. The reseeded area, even if in established plantings, is protected from 

disturbance for at least 6 weeks to allow the newly planted grass seeds to emerge. 

Methods that are included on the label for all other uses include: Dry spreader application 

with fertilizer on lawns for granular; and chemigation, ground spray, commercial 

sprayers (sod farms) and hydroseeders (roadsides). Siduron is not applied by aircraft. A 

summary of the maximum label application rates is given in Table 2. More detailed 

information on siduron labels can be found in APPENDIX J. 

Each Scenario in the table below will be referenced by number throughout the document. 

All references to “Scenario #” in the Risk Characterization section are referring to those 

described here. Scenario 1 is for application to established turf. It is applied once in the 

spring and once again in the fall, at a rate of 12 lb a.i./A. A 180 day interval is assumed. 

Scenario 2 is also for established turf and refers to two applications, made in the spring, 

four weeks apart, at a rate of 12 lb a.i./A. Scenario three describes two applications made 

to bare ground at a rate of 6 lb a.i./A, with a thirty day interval. Finally, Scenario 4 

represents a specialty application. Siduron is applied to golf course tees and greens at a 

rate of 22 lb a.i./A. It can be applied multiple times throughout the season at four week 

intervals. According to information provided in the Use Closer Memo (March, 2007), six 

applications per season are typical. Therefore, we assumed six applications at four week 

intervals for this specialty use. 

Table 2. Summary of the Maximum Labeled Uses 

Scenario Use Forma Rate 

(lb a.i./acre)

Appsb Interval Timing 

1 Established Turf WP, G 12 in the spring. 

May be followed 

by 12 lbs in the 

Fall 

1 or 2 N/A Spring 

only or 

Spring 

then Fall 

3 Established Turf WP, G 12lb followed by 

12lb (4 weeks) 

2 4 weeks Spring 

2 Application to bare 

ground – Sequential 

WP, G 6lb followed by 

6lb (30 days later) 

2 30 days Spring 

4 Specialty Application 

(Golf course tees and 

greens) 

WP 22 6c 4 weeks Spring 

a. Forms. WP: Wettable Powder; G: Granular 

b. Apps: Number of applications (no maximum specified, but these are the values 

used as model inputs) 

c. As described as typical in the use closure memo, March 2007 

6
2. Physical/Chemical Fate and Transport Properties 

Siduron is resistant to hydrolysis (MRID# 41050501), and photolysis in water (MRID# 

41811301) and on soil (MRID# 41811302). Siduron is also resistant to soil metabolism 

under aerobic (half-life ranges from 617 to 694 days; MRID# 421596-01) and anaerobic 

conditions (half-life = 365 days; MRID# 41618201). With Koc values ranging from 175 

to 268 (MRID#41811303) siduron is expected to be mobile in soil; therefore, there is a 

potential for siduron to reach ground and surface water. Degradates have not been 

adequately characterized in the laboratory studies and therefore their mobility is 

unknown. Given that siduron degrades slowly under laboratory conditions across a range 

of degradation routes, environmental degradates are not expected to form in significant 

quantities. 

3. Pesticide Type, Class and Mode of Action 

Siduron is a selective, systemic preemergence herbicide. It is of the class of pesticides 

known as phenylureas, which typically act to inhibit photosynthesis. Siduron’s mode of 

action for target plants is unlike other phenylurea herbicides and the exact mode of action 

is not known. Rather than inhibiting photosynthesis, it inhibits some aspect of cell 

division and is a root growth inhibitor, perhaps acting by mitosis disruption (Purdue 

University, 2002).

B. Receptors 

Receptors are non-target organisms, which potentially could be exposed to siduron. 

Based on the application methods and potential use sites, broad taxonomic groups of 

potential concern can be identified, which include the flora and fauna of terrestrial and 

aquatic ecosystems in close proximity to siduron use sites. Aquatic animals of potential 

concern include freshwater fish, aquatic invertebrates, and amphibians, and 

estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates. Terrestrial animals of potential concern include 

birds, mammals, reptiles, and beneficial insects. Plants of potential concern include 

terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants and aquatic vascular and non-vascular plants. 

1. Ecosystems Potentially at Risk 

For siduron and pesticides in general, the ecosystems at greatest risk are those in close 

proximity to the use areas. Siduron is used throughout the country. While siduron is 

limited to only a few specified uses, mainly home lawns, sod farms and golf courses, 

7
such sites are located in a variety of ecosystems. For example, golf courses may be 

located near forested areas or share a border with wetlands. These use sites and their 

surrounding terrestrial and aquatic habitats may receive chemical residues via drift, 

volatilization, and/or runoff. Within water bodies, the water column, sediments, and pore 

water are all compartments of concern. 

Both residential lawns and golf courses will likely be in close proximity to similar 

ecosystems and water features, even though their specific layouts will differ. However, 

some of those differences can be critical: 

y Golf courses will not have the same degree of impervious surfaces as residential areas 

y Golf courses can be situated in a variety of settings, from being surrounded by 

residential development to being surrounded by woodlands 

y Golf courses are often engineered for drainage, with water collected in 1 or a few 

ponds, potentially for reuse. Stormwater drainage systems in residential areas might 

include detention/ retention ponds but may also include storm drains that pipe 

runoff/contaminants away. 

 

Surface waters are home to a variety of aquatic life, including animals such as fishes and 

invertebrates as well as aquatic plants like algae. Surface waters also attract numerous 

species of terrestrial wildlife. Song birds, waterfowl, frogs, deer, mice, and insects are 

some of the wildlife present in these ecosystems. 

Sod farms are likely to be more homogenous, possibly located near surface water sources 

for irrigation, but may also use ground water for irrigation. Associated surface waters are 

likely to be near the edges of use sites. 

Consistent with the process described in the Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment 

Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 

January 2004 (Overview Document), this risk assessment uses a surrogate species 

approach. Toxicological data generated from surrogate test species, that are intended to 

be representative of broad taxonomic groups, are used to extrapolate to potential effects 

of siduron on a variety of species (receptors) included under these taxonomic groupings. 

Acute toxicity data from registrant-submitted studies and open literature are used to 

evaluate potential effects of siduron to the aquatic and terrestrial receptors identified in 

this section. This evaluation can also provide insight into indirect effects of siduron on 

biotic communities due to loss of species that are sensitive to the chemical and changes in 

structure and functional characteristics of the affected communities. Table 3 provides 

examples of taxonomic groups and the surrogate species tested to help understand 

potential ecological effects of siduron to these non-target taxonomic groups. 

2. Aquatic Effects 

Aquatic receptors may be exposed to siduron via run-off and spray drift loading into 

surface waters. As use sites may occur in locations adjacent or near estuarine/marine 

8
systems, receptors potentially include both freshwater and estuarine/marine aquatic 

animals (i.e., fish and invertebrates, and aquatic-phase amphibians) and plants. Some 

adverse effects have been observed in laboratory toxicity studies of fish, aquatic plants, 

food crops, and aquatic invertebrates. However, the mechanism by which siduron acts to 

induce adverse effects is unknown. Effects are described in more detail in Appendix F of 

this document. 

3. Terrestrial Effects 

Terrestrial receptors that may be exposed to siduron include terrestrial and semi-aquatic 

wildlife (i.e., mammals, birds, reptiles, and terrestrial-phase amphibians) and terrestrial 

plants. Because siduron is an herbicide, and designed to be toxic to plants, it is important 

to evaluate the toxic effects to non-target plant species. Adverse effects to both monocots 

and dicots were observed and more details about the studies can be found in the effects 

section and Appendix A. Cool-season grasses are very tolerant to siduron while warmseason grasses are susceptible (see the use closure memo). Based on submitted studies, 

siduron is practically non-toxic to birds, reptiles, amphibians, and beneficial insects. 

Table 3 Test Species Evaluated for Assessing Potential Ecological Effects of Siduron 

and the Associated Acute Toxicity Classification 

Taxonomic Group Example(s) of Surrogate Species Acute Toxicity Classification 

Birds1 Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 

Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) Practically Non-toxic 

Mammals Laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) Practically Non-toxic 

Insects Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) Practically Non-toxic 

Freshwater fish2 Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Moderately Toxic 

Freshwater invertebrates Water flea (Daphnia magna) Slightly Toxic to Practically NonToxic 

Estuarine/marine fish Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon 

variegatues) Slightly Toxic 

Estuarine/marine 

invertebrates 

Mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia)

Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Slightly Toxic 

Terrestrial plants3 Monocots – corn (Zea mays) 

Dicots – soybean (Glycine max) Not Applicable 

Aquatic plants and algae 

Duckweed (Lemna gibba) 

Green algae (Selenastrum 

capricornutum) 

Not Applicable 

1

 Birds represent surrogates for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles. 2

 Freshwater fish may be surrogates for aquatic-phase amphibians. 3

 Four species of two families of monocots, of which one is corn; six species of at least four dicot families, of which 

one is soybeans. 

9
C. Assessment Endpoints 

Assessment endpoints are intended to represent valued attributes of the environment that, 

if detrimentally altered, could pose a risk to the environment. The assessment endpoints 

of this ecological risk assessment include terrestrial and aquatic animal and plant 

mortality following acute exposure to siduron and terrestrial and aquatic animal 

reproduction, growth and survival effects from chronic exposure to siduron. Surrogate 

species are used to represent all freshwater fish (2000+) and bird (680+) species in the 

United States. For mammals, acute studies are usually limited to the Norway rat or the 

house mouse. Usually data from estuarine/marine testing are limited to a crustacean, a 

mollusk, and a fish. The assessment of risk or hazard makes the assumption that avian 

toxicity is similar to terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles, unless more appropriate 

data are available. The same assumption is made for fish and aquatic-phase amphibians. 

The most sensitive toxicity endpoints are used from surrogate test species to estimate 

treatment-related direct effects on mortality and reproductive and growth assessment 

endpoints. 

For terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants, the screening assessment endpoints for non-target 

species (crops and non-crop plant species) are based on the emergence of seedlings and 

vegetative vigor of annuals. Measures of effect for this assessment focus on impacts on 

plant emergence and/or on active growth. 

For aquatic plants, the assessment endpoint is the maintenance and growth of standing 

crop or biomass. Measures of effect for this assessment focus on nonvascular (e.g., 

algae) and vascular plant (e.g., duckweed, Lemna gibba), growth rates and biomass 

measurements. 

The Agency acknowledges that pesticides have the potential to exert indirect effects upon 

listed organisms by, for example, perturbing forage or prey availability, altering the 

extent of nesting habitat, and creating gaps in the food chain. In conducting a screen for 

indirect effects, the endpoints for each taxonomic group are used to make inferences 

concerning the potential for indirect effects upon listed species that rely upon non-listed 

organisms as resources critical to their life cycle. 

Although all endpoints are measured at the individual level, they can provide some 

insight about the potential for adverse effects at higher levels of biological organization 

(e.g. populations and communities). For example, pesticide effects on individual 

survivorship have important implications for both population rates and habitat carrying 

capacity. 

D. Conceptual Model 

A conceptual model provides a written description and visual representation of the 

predicted relationships between the pesticide (stressor), potential routes of exposure, and 

the predicted effects for the assessment endpoint. The conceptual model consists of two 

major components: the risk hypotheses and a diagram.

10
1. Rationale for Risk Hypothesis Selected 

A risk hypothesis is a statement of the predicted relationship between a chemical stressor 

(such as siduron) and an assessment endpoint measure of effect. Within the context of 

this assessment, the risk hypothesis takes into account elements necessary for pathways 

of exposure to be completed, and makes assumptions and predictions about whether 

completed exposure pathways could result in adverse effects upon receptors of ecological 

interest. 

An exposure pathway is the means by which a chemical of interest, such as siduron, 

moves in the environment from a source to an ecological receptor. For an ecological 

exposure pathway to be complete, there must be a source, a release mechanism, an 

environmental transport medium, a point of exposure for an ecological receptor (this is a 

location), and a feasible route of exposure for the receptor (for example, oral, dermal, or 

inhalation) at the exposure point. In addition, potential mechanisms of transformation of 

the chemical stressor must be understood, especially for a chemical whose degradation 

products and metabolites are of greater toxicological concern than the parent compound. 

The latter concern is not valid for siduron. 

2. Conceptual Diagram 

For a pesticide to pose an ecological risk, it must reach ecological receptors in 

toxicologically significant concentrations. An exposure pathway is the means by which 

the pesticide moves in the environment from a source to reach the receptor. For an 

ecological exposure pathway to be complete, it must have a source, a release mechanism, 

an environmental transport medium, a point of exposure for ecological receptors, and a 

feasible route of exposure. The assessment of ecological exposure pathways, therefore, 

includes an examination of the source and potential fate and transport pathways for the 

pesticide, and the determination of potential exposure routes, (e.g., ingestion, inhalation, 

and dermal contact). 

Figure 2 depicts the potential exposure pathways and ecological risk concerns associated 

with siduron applied by ground spray and Figure 3 depicts the same for granular 

applications. The conceptual model generically depicts the potential source of siduron, 

release mechanisms, abiotic receiving media, biological receptor types, and attribute 

changes of potential concern and the measurement endpoints used to evaluate them. 

In order for a chemical to pose an ecological risk, it must reach ecological receptors in 

biologically significant concentrations. An exposure pathway is the means by which a 

contaminant moves in the environment from a source to an ecological receptor. For an 

ecological exposure pathway to be complete, it must have a source, a release mechanism, 

an environmental transport medium, a point of exposure for ecological receptors, and a 

feasible route of exposure. The assessment of ecological exposure pathways, therefore, 

includes an examination of the source and potential migration pathways for constituents, 

11
and the determination of potential exposure routes (e.g., ingestion, inhalation, and dermal 

contact). Exposure to aquatic organisms and plants is expected from surface waters 

contaminated with siduron from treated irrigation water that flows into receiving rivers, 

streams, or lakes (RUNOFF). Based on the use pattern for siduron, the main exposure 

pathways for terrestrial organisms are direct exposure to siduron granules, foliar 

deposition, and spray drift (Figure 2 and Figure 3). In the figures below, the dashed line 

represents the pathway of exposure via the food web. Because siduron does not 

bioaccumulate, it is not expected cause secondary poisoning and therefore food chain 

exposure is not of concern. 

Stressor Siduron applied as a ground spray to newly seeded grass or established turf

Source/

Transport

Pathways

Direct

Deposition

Runoff/

Erosion

Spray

drift

Leaching

(Infiltration/

Percolation

Source/

Exposure

Media

Terrestrial Food 

Residues (foliage, 

fruit, insects

Surface Water 

body

Groundwater

Exposure

Route

ingestion gill/integument 

uptake and 

contact

Receptors

Attribute

Changes

Terrestrial Vertebrates

Birds, Mammals,

Reptiles, Terrestrial 

Phase Amphibians

Individual Animals

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Aquatic 

Vertebrates and 

Invertebrates

Individual vertebrates 

and invertebrates

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Upland and 

Wetland Soils

contact/root 

uptake

Upland and 

Wetland Plants

Individual plants

Reduced seedling 

emergence and 

vegetative vigor

contact/root 

uptake

Aquatic

Plants

Reduced 

Biomass

Aquatic

Food Chain

bioaccumlation

ingestion

contact

Beneficial

Insects

Individual insects

Reduced survival

Stressor Siduron applied as a ground spray to newly seeded grass or established turf

Source/

Transport

Pathways

Direct

Deposition

Runoff/

Erosion

Spray

drift

Leaching

(Infiltration/

Percolation

Source/

Exposure

Media

Terrestrial Food 

Residues (foliage, 

fruit, insects

Surface Water 

body

Groundwater

Exposure

Route

ingestion gill/integument 

uptake and 

contact

Receptors

Attribute

Changes

Terrestrial Vertebrates

Birds, Mammals,

Reptiles, Terrestrial 

Phase Amphibians

Individual Animals

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Aquatic 

Vertebrates and 

Invertebrates

Individual vertebrates 

and invertebrates

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Upland and 

Wetland Soils

contact/root 

uptake

Upland and 

Wetland Plants

Individual plants

Reduced seedling 

emergence and 

vegetative vigor

contact/root 

uptake

Aquatic

Plants

Reduced 

Biomass

Aquatic

Food Chain

bioaccumlation

ingestion

contact

Beneficial

Insects

Individual insects

Reduced survival

Figure 2 Conceptual Diagram of Exposure Pathways, Receptors, and Attribute 

Changes for Evaluating Risk from Siduron Ground Spray Applications 

12
Stressor

Siduron applied as a granular with lawn fertilizer spreader to newly seeded 

grass or established turf

Source/

Transport

Pathways

Direct

Deposition

Runoff/

Erosion

Leaching

(Infiltration/

Percolation

Source/

Exposure

Media

Granules on soil and 

thatch

Surface Water 

body

Groundwater

Exposure

Route

ingestion gill/integument 

uptake and 

contact

Receptors

Attribute

Changes

Terrestrial Vertebrates

Birds, Mammals,

Reptiles, Terrestrial 

Phase Amphibians

Individual Animals

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Aquatic 

Vertebrates and 

Invertebrates

Individual vertebrates 

and invertebrates

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Upland and 

Wetland Soils

contact/root 

uptake

Upland and 

Wetland Plants

Individual plants

Reduced seedling 

emergence and 

vegetative vigor

contact/root 

uptake

Aquatic

Plants

Reduced 

Biomass

Aquatic

Food Chain

bioaccumlation

ingestion

Stressor

Siduron applied as a granular with lawn fertilizer spreader to newly seeded 

grass or established turf

Source/

Transport

Pathways

Direct

Deposition

Runoff/

Erosion

Leaching

(Infiltration/

Percolation

Source/

Exposure

Media

Granules on soil and 

thatch

Surface Water 

body

Groundwater

Exposure

Route

ingestion gill/integument 

uptake and 

contact

Receptors

Attribute

Changes

Terrestrial Vertebrates

Birds, Mammals,

Reptiles, Terrestrial 

Phase Amphibians

Individual Animals

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Aquatic 

Vertebrates and 

Invertebrates

Individual vertebrates 

and invertebrates

Reduced survival

Reduced growth

Reduced reproduction

Upland and 

Wetland Soils

contact/root 

uptake

Upland and 

Wetland Plants

Individual plants

Reduced seedling 

emergence and 

vegetative vigor

contact/root 

uptake

Aquatic

Plants

Reduced 

Biomass

Aquatic

Food Chain

bioaccumlation

ingestion

Figure 3 Conceptual Diagram of Exposure Pathways, Receptors, and Attribute 

Changes for Evaluating Risk from Siduron Granular Applications 

3. Risk Hypotheses 

For siduron, the following ecological risk hypothesis is being employed for this risk 

assessment: 

Non-target aquatic animals and plants and terrestrial animals may be exposed to siduron 

that is applied according to the label to control weeds. Based on available information 

regarding volatilization, persistence, and direct and indirect toxicity, siduron has the 

potential to compromise survival and reproduction and cause sub-lethal effects in nontarget aquatic animals and plants, terrestrial mammals, birds, plants, and insects. 

E. Analysis Plan 

This section describes the tools and methods used to conduct the analysis of the pesticide 

described in the analysis plan for siduron. Each assessment endpoint requires one or 

more measures of ecological effect, which are measurable changes in the attribute of an 

assessment endpoint in response to a stressor, such as the Bobwhite quail acute oral LD50. 

It also requires measures of exposure, which are the measures of stressor existence and 

13
movement in the environment and their contact or co-occurrence with the assessment 

endpoint. Examples include the maximum foliar residues on food items for birds. 

This analysis plan identifies the approach, methods, specific models, information, and 

data that will be used to estimate and evaluate risks from uses of siduron based on the 

conceptual model and risk hypotheses described in Section II.D. 

1. Measures of Exposure 

Methods used to determine exposure concentrations of a pesticide in various media are 

dependent on its environmental fate and physicochemical properties, the application 

method, and the existence of reliable monitoring data that are considered representative 

of the proposed use sites. 

a. Estimating Exposure in Terrestrial Systems 

For birds and mammals, the screening assessment of the terrestrial dietary exposure route 

for uptake of pesticide active ingredient assumes that organisms are exposed to a single 

pesticide residue level for both acute and chronic exposure estimates. EECs in wildlife 

food items focus on quantifying possible dietary ingestion of residues on vegetative 

matter and insects on the treated field as the highest residue level that will occur from 

siduron use per the label. EFED uses different EECs for a variety of food substrates. 

Those food substrates are: short grass, tall grass, broadleaf plants/sm insects, and 

fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects. The EECs are based on a nomogram that relates food item 

residues to pesticide application rate (Hoerger and Kenaga (1972) as modified by 

Fletcher et al. (1994)). The maximum Kenaga value represents residue levels present 

immediately following chemical application (day zero). The mean Kenaga value 

represents mean residue levels present (considering day 0 and day 100 residue levels). 

The first tier nomogram uses the maximum predicted residues immediately following 

application. The residue concentrations are converted to a daily oral dose based on 

fractions of body weight consumed daily as estimated from mammalian allometric 

relationships in EPA’s Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook (1996). The EECs for birds 

are adjusted based on food in-take and body weight differences, so that they are 

comparable for a given weight class of animal. In all screening-level assessments, the 

organisms are assumed to consume 100% of their diet as one food type. 

EFED used the TERRPLANT model to estimate (1) EECs from a single application only 

and (2) risk from runoff to terrestrial plants in areas adjacent to the treated field (sheet 

runoff), wetland areas (channelized runoff), and from spray drift. Input parameters and 

assumptions from the model are included in Appendix E. EFED also used the T-REX 

model to estimate (1) EECs for different food items for birds and mammals and (2) 

dose/diet based risk to birds as well as dose based risk to mammals. These input 

parameters may be seen in Appendix D. 

14
 

b. Estimating Exposure in Aquatic Systems 

(1) Surface Water Concentration 

For the siduron foliar use on golf course turf, ornamentals, and ornamental lawns, an 

unlimited number of applications can be made, since the label does not specifically limit 

the number of applications or specify a seasonal or annual application rate. This makes it 

difficult to assess the maximum amount of pesticide that could be present, since an 

essentially infinite number of applications can be made. For the aquatic assessments, the 

models used were PRZM/EXAMS. These models were used to estimate acute (annual 

instantaneous peak) and chronic (21 and 60 day weighted average annual peaks for 

aquatic invertebrates and fish, respectively) residue levels of the dissolved pesticide 

active ingredient in surface water from runoff and spray drift. Inputs used for this model 

are listed in Table 6. 

2. Measures of Effect 

Consistent with EPA test guidelines, the registrant has provided a suite of ecological 

effect data that comply with good laboratory testing requirements. The endpoints are 

typically derived from registrant-submitted studies which have undergone review and 

were classified as “acceptable” (conducted under guideline conditions and considered to 

be scientifically valid) or “supplemental” (conditions deviated from guidelines but the 

results are considered to be scientifically valid). For more details on study classification 

system used and study guidelines, see USEPA (2004). 

Assessment endpoints can also be derived from the open literature. Guidelines for 

incorporation of open literature into ecological risk assessments are described in USEPA 

(2004). Toxicity data from the open literature are identified via the ECOTOX search 

engine, maintained by EPA/ORD. In order to be included in the ECOTOX database, 

papers must meet several criteria (again, see USEPA 2004 for details). Data that pass the 

ECOTOX screen are evaluated relative to the data provided by the registrant, and may be 

incorporated qualitatively or quantitatively into the risk assessment. Specific studies may 

warrant inclusion in the risk assessment when: 

 (1) Tested endpoints are more sensitive than those in registrant data; 

 (2) The test data are based on under represented taxa; 

(3) The data include ecologically relevant endpoints not normally evaluated in 

registrant studies. 

a. Listed (Endangered or Threatened) Species 

The measures of effect used for non-listed animal species are same as the measures of 

effect used for listed animal species taxonomic groups. The measures of effect for 

15
terrestrial and aquatic plants are different for non-listed and listed species. For listed 

terrestrial plants the measure of effect desired is the EC05 or NOAEC for vegetative vigor 

and the EC05 or NOAEC for seedling emergence. For aquatic plants, the measure of 

effect preferred is the EC05 or NOAEC for growth rate or biomass. 

b. Incident Data Review 

EPA maintains an incident database system (Ecological Incident Information System or 

EIIS) to track and evaluate accidental kills associated with pesticide use. The likelihood 

that a particular pesticide caused the incident is classified as highly probable, probable, 

possible, or unlikely, based on the information contained in the incident report. If there 

are incidents this information will be reviewed and considered in conjunction with the 

degree to which the LOCs were exceeded in addition to information on sales, and use of 

the pesticide, local use practices, and monitored levels in the environment to determine 

whether the predicted effect based on labeled use of the product, is likely to occur or not. 

c. Data Gaps and Uncertainties 

Chronic toxicity data for aquatic organism is not available through submitted studies or 

through the ECOTOX database. Additionally, there are no submitted data on toxicity of 

siduron to vascular aquatic plants. 

There is minimal information on the fate of siduron degradates identified in laboratory 

studies. 

III. ANALYSIS 

A. Exposure Characterization 

1. Environmental Fate and Transport Characterization 

Siduron is soluble in water (22.3 mg/L), has a low vapor pressure (4.0 X 10-9 Pa) and 

low octonal-water partitioning coefficient ( Kow=0.431). Therefore, volatilization from 

water and soil surfaces is not expected to be an important route of environmental 

dissipation and bioaccumulation is unlikely. Siduron is stable to hydrolysis and 

photolysis and to microbial degradation under aerobic conditions in soils. Siduron is 

expected to be persistent and mobile (FAO classification) in the environment. Major 

routes of dissipation include movement in soils and sediments, and dilution. Depending 

on soil, site and meteorological conditions siduron may be transported off-site via runoff, 

leaching and spray drift. Table 4 summarizes the environmental chemistry, fate and 

transport properties of siduron. Further details on the environmental fate and transport 

studies are found in APPENDIX B. 

16
Table 4. Summary of Environmental Chemistry, Fate and Transport Properties of 

Siduron 

PARAMETER VALUE REFERENCE/ 

COMMENTS 

Selected Physical/Chemical Parameters

PC code 035509 

CAS No. 1982-49-6 

Chemical name Siduron 

Chemical formula C14H20N2O 

Molecular weight 232.3 

Water solubility (20 °C) 22.3 MRID# 41277101

Vapor pressure 4.0 X 10-9 MRID# 41620601

KOW (log KOW) 0.431 http://www.ars.usda.gov 

Persistence

Hydrolysis Stable (pH = 5, 7, 9) MRID# 41050501 

Photolysis in water Stable MRID# 41811301 

Photolysis in soil Stable MRID# 41811302 

Soil 

Texture 

Half-life (days) Study ID# 42159601 

MRID# 43846701 

Silt loam 694 

Aerobic soil metabolism 

Sandy loam 876 

Anaerobic soil 

metabolism 

365 (days) MRID# 41618201 

Mobility

Soil 

Texture 

Kd n Koc

Silt loam 3.89 1.22 268 

Sandy loam 1.49 1.15 175 

Silty clay 

loam 

5.92 1.21 237 

Batch equilibrium 

Sandy loam 0.953 1.20 212 

MRID# 4811303 

Laboratory volatility NA Volatility not likely based 

on low vapor pressure 

Field Dissipation

Location Half-life (days) 

California 64 

Terrestrial field 

dissipation 

Wisconsin 48 

MRID#42535801 

Bioaccumulation

17
REFERENCE/ PARAMETER VALUE COMMENTS 

Bioconcentration factor, 

in fish, BCF 

6.8, 70.0, and 33.0 for edible, nonedible, and whole fish tissues, 

respectively. 

Depuration (50% within 1-3 days; 

96-100% by day 10). 

MRID# 41811305 

a. Degradation 

Under aerobic conditions siduron degraded in 2 soils (silt loam, sandy loam) with 

calculated half-lives ranging from 694-876 days. Degradation products included 

unidentified degradates present up to 5.8% and 8.1% of the applied in two tested soils, 

respectively. A minor degradate (2-methylcyclohexylamine) accounted for 2.1% of the 

applied radioactivity. Under anaerobic soil condition, siduron is also stable, with a half 

life of 365 days. Siduron does not photolyze on soil or in water and it is stable to 

hydrolysis.. 

b. Mobility and Transport 

Batch equilibrium studies resulted in organic carbon sorption coefficients (Koc) ranging 

from 175 to 268 ml/goc. In a terrestrial field dissipation study, siduron showed variable 

downward migration in the soil profile under bare soil conditions. In one study, siduron 

leached to the 6-12 inch soil depth at the loamy sand site in California, and to the 12-18 

inch depth at the sandy loam site in that state. Soil samples at depths below 18 inches 

were not reported. Given its mobility and persistence characteristics, movement to 

ground water may be possible. 

c. Field Studies 

Soil dissipation/accumulation of siduron under bare ground and cropped (turf) conditions 

was studied in California and Wisconsin. Under bare ground conditions, siduron 

dissipated from the upper 18-inches of soil with half-lives of 64 and 48 days, 

respectively. 

Siduron was detected (above LOQ) in samples analyzed for depths of 18 inches, and 36 

inches soil depths in CA, and WI, respectively. Siduron transformation products found in 

aerobic soil metabolism study were not tracked in these field studies. 

d. Degradates 

The primary degradate of siduron was an unidentified degradate (unknown A) present up 

18
to 5.8% and 8.1% of the applied radioactivity in two soils tested. The degradate (2-

methylcyclohexylamine) accounted for 2.1% of the applied radioactivity. 

Unidentified minor degradates (at least six) were each present at ≤2.6% of the applied 

radioactivity. Nonextractable residues reached a maximum of 11.8% of the applied. 

Evolved CO2 reached a maximum of 5.8% of the applied radioactivity. Volatile organic 

compounds were ranging between 0.1-0.2% of the applied radioactivity. The 

unextractable residues are uncharacterized and it is uncertain whether they consist of 

degradates of risk concern or of parent siduron. 

2. Measures of Aquatic Exposure 

a. Aquatic Exposure Modeling 

Tier II modeling for selected scenarios representing labeled uses was used to generate 

estimated environmental concentrations (EECs). For Tier II, two models are used in 

tandem: the Pesticide Root Zone Model, (PRZM, Carsel et al., 1997) and the Exposure 

Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS, Burns, 1997). PRZM (3.12 beta dated May 24, 

2001) simulates fate and transport on the agricultural field, and EXAMS (2.98.04, dated 

July 18, 2002) simulates the fate and resulting daily concentrations in the water body. 

Simulations are carried out with the linkage program shell, PE4V01.pl (dated August 13, 

2003), which incorporates the standard crop and orchard scenarios developed by EFED. 

Simulations are run for multiple (usually 30) years, and the EECs represent peak values 

that are expected once every ten years based on the thirty years of daily values generated 

during the simulation. Additional information on these models can be found at: 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm. 

For aquatic endpoints, the exposure is estimated for the maximum application pattern to a 

10-ha field bordering a 1-ha pond, 2-m deep (20,000 m3) with no outlet. Exposure 

estimates generated using this standard pond are intended to represent a wide variety of 

vulnerable water bodies. 

OPP PRZM crop scenarios, which consist of location-specific soils, weather, and 

cropping practices, were used in the simulations to represent labeled uses of siduron. 

These scenarios were developed to represent high-end exposure sites in terms of 

vulnerability to runoff and erosion and subsequent off-site transport of pesticide. Siduron 

is being registered for use on turf. 

A summary of the crop scenarios used to estimate siduron concentrations in the aquatic 

systems for ecological risk assessment are listed in Table 5. 

Table 5 Summary of Crop Scenarios Used in Aquatic Exposure Modeling 

19
20

Scenario Use Forma Rate 

(lb a.i./A)

Appsb Interval Timing 

1 Established Turf WP, G 12 in the spring. 

May be followed 

by 12 lbs in the 

Fall 

1 or 2 N/A Spring 

only or 

Spring 

then Fall 

3 Established Turf WP, G 12lb followed by 

12lb (4 weeks) 

2 4 weeks Spring 

2 Application to bare 

ground – Sequential 

WP, G 6lb followed by 

6lb (30 days later) 

2 30 days Spring 

4 Specialty Application 

(Golf course tees and 

greens) 

WP 22 6c 4 weeks Spring 

a. Forms. WP: Wettable Powder; G: Granular 

b. Apps: Number of applications (no maximum specified, but these are the 

values used as model inputs) 

c. As described as typical in the use closure memo 
PRZM/EXAMS modeling was done using the maximum label rate. Input parameters are listed 

in Table 6. Pesticide applications were simulated as ground spray applications. 

Golf course adjustment factors were used (Golf Course Adjustment Factors for Simulated 

Aquatic Exposure Concentrations, December 7, 2005) to account for the area of golf courses 

actually treated with siduron. 

Modeling inputs were selected according to EFED’s Input Parameter Guidance (USEPA, 2002). 

An aerobic soil metabolism first order half-lives (the upper 90th percentile confidence bound on 

the mean), and the soil organic carbon partitioning coefficient (Koc), the mean of four soils, were 

used. 

Table 6 Surface Water Exposure Inputs for PRZM/EXAMS for Siduron on Turf 

Input variable (Units) Input value & 

calculations 

Source of data 

Crop name Turf EPA Reg. No. 10163-213-2217 

application rate (lb a.i./acre) See Table 6 EPA Reg. No. 10163-213-2217 

Max. No. of applications/year See Table 6 EPA Reg. No. 10163-213-2217 

Application efficiency 0.99 Guidance for selecting Input Parameters in modeling 

the environmental fat and transport of pesticides, 

20024

. 

Spray drift fraction 0.01 Guidance for selecting Input Parameters in modeling 

the environmental fat and transport of pesticides, 

2002. 

Aerobic soil met. Half-life (d) 774 MRID# 42159601; Two values; took the 90th

percentile; Guidance for selecting Input Parameters in 

modeling the environmental fat and transport of 

pesticides, 2002 

Koc (mL/g) 223 (avg) MRID# 41811303; Guidance for selecting Input 

Parameters in modeling the environmental fat and 

transport of pesticides, 2002. 

Henry's Law Const. (atm.m3/mole) 0.69 X 10-6 USDA Agricultural Research Service 

Aerobic Aquatic half-life (d) 1548 No data available; aerobic soil met. Half-life X 2; 

Guidance for selecting Input Parameters in modeling 

the environmental fat and transport of pesticides, 

2002. 

Anaerobic Aquatic half-life (d) 730 No data available; Anaerobic soil metabolism half-life 

X2; Guidance for selecting Input Parameters in 

modeling the environmental fat and transport of 

pesticides, 2002. 

Aquatic Photolysis half-life (d) 0 MRID# 41811301. Stable. 

Hydrolysis half-life (d) 0 MRID# 41050501. Stable 

KPS (mL/g) 223 MRID# 41811303; Guidance for selecting Input 

Parameters in modeling the environmental fat and 

transport of pesticides, 2002. 

MWT (g/mole) 232.3 MRID# 41933401
Input variable (Units) Input value & 

calculations 

Source of data 

Solubility @ 25 0C (mg/L) 22.3 MRID# 41277101

Vapor pressure (torr) 4.0 X 10-9 MRID# 41620601

The EECs listed in Table 7 reflect maximum 1-in-10 year surface water concentrations based on 

the registered maximum application rates for ground applications to turf (see APPENDIX C for 

the output data from the FL turf, PA turf, and PA alfalfa scenarios). 

Table 7 Tier II Surface Water 1-in10 Year EECs (ppb) of Siduron from Turf Use 

Scenario 

(PRZM scenario used) 

Use Peak 4 Day 21 Day 

(chronic 

inverts) 

60 Day 

(chronic 

fish) 

90 Day 

1 

(FLturf) 

501 500 494 481 472 

1 

(PAturf) 

Established Turf 

326 325 324 318 315 

2 

(FLturf) 

477 475 471 461 455 

2 

(PAturf) 

Established Turf 

373 372 367 359 353 

3 

(PAalfalfa) 

Application to bare 

ground – Sequential 

393 392 389 383 378 

4 

(FLturf) 

139* 139 137 134 132 

4 

(PAturf) 

Specialty 

Application (Golf 

course tees and 

greens) 113 113 112 111 110 

*: EECs were multiplied by recommended golf course adjustment factors (0.05) for tees and greens. 

b. Aquatic Exposure Monitoring and Field Data 

The EFED currently has limited monitoring data on the concentrations of siduron in surface 

water. The registrant (Gowan) submitted a summary of such data in a report dated March 14, 

2007 (MRID# 47081601) (A Summary of Water Quality Monitoring Studies; Detections of 

Siduron in Ground Water and Surface Water). Information was reviewed from the USGS 

National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program’s database, OPP’s Pesticides in Ground 

Water Database (PGWDB), California Department of Pesticide Regulation’s (DPR) Surface 

Water Database, and California DPR’s Well Inventory Database (WIDB). In addition, the scope 

of this report includes peer-reviewed literature survey as well as water quality monitoring studies 

that were conducted for the registrant. 

 22
Relevant analytical results found in all four databases, one unpublished study conducted by the 

registrant, and five studies published in the peer-reviewed literature include 7,757 samples from 

20 states. Results showed that Minimum Reporting Level (MRLs)/ practical quantitation limit 

PQLs were low – they ranged from 0.0084 ug/L to 0.5 ug/L, and they were typically less than 0.1 

ug/L. Only two of the eleven studies/databases report any siduron detections. Siduron was 

reported in four samples; twice at 0.010 ug/L (slightly above the detection limit) in Colorado, 

and twice at 0.093 ug/L (at the detection limit) in selected water supply reservoirs. 

Even though some of the surface water monitoring data have been collected from sites 

considered to be typical for use areas, the frequency of sampling and the length of sampling 

period were not sufficient to represent the temporal and spatial requirements for regulatory 

purposes. Thus, modeling for water concentrations was conducted to augment the monitoring 

data. 

3. Measures of Terrestrial Exposure 

a. Terrestrial Exposure Modeling 

Terrestrial exposure for animals is estimated by calculating the expected environmental 

concentration (EEC) based on body size and dietary items. While the dose-based EECs are 

compared to a weight adjusted LD50 value based on food requirements, the dietary EECs are not 

adjusted for weight. Using TREX, the dietary and dose-based EECs for birds and mammals are 

calculated for each use scenario. Four application scenarios, as described in the Problem 

Formulation (Table 2Table 2. Summary of the Maximum Labeled Uses) were modeled using 

TREX. 

 The dietary exposure values are presented in Table 8, dose based avian EECs in Table 9, and 

dose based mammalian EECs in Table 10. The dietary exposure values will be used to calculate 

risk to birds, mammals and terrestrial insects. The EECs range from 137 ppm (Scenario 1) up to 

11, 959 ppm (Scenario 4). 

Table 8 Dietary-Based EECs (ppm) for Each Use Scenario, as Calculated by TREX 

Dietary Item (parts per 

million) 

Scenario 1 

(12 in the spring. 

May be followed 

by 12 lbs in the 

Fall)

Scenario 2 

(2 Apps at 12lb 

a.i./A, 4 week 

interval)

 Scenario 3 

2 App at 6 lbs 

a.i./A, 30 d 

interval 

Scenario 4 

(22 lbs a.i./A, 6 

application 4 week 

interval)

Short Grass 2,962 4,534 2,192 11,959

Tall Grass 1,357 2,078 1,005 5,481

Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 1,666 2,550 1,233 6,727

Fruits/pods/ seeds/lg insects 185.1 283.4 137 747

App = application 

 23
Dosed-based EECs will be compared to the weight adjusted LD50’s in the Risk Estimation 

section of this document. These adjusted toxicity values are included in the table below for 

reference. The table displays the EECs by application scenario (1 through 4), dietary item (e.g. 

short grass), and animal size (small, medium, and large). For the same scenario and dietary item, 

the EEC is lowest for the largest animal because it requires the highest food intake. 

Table 9 Avian Dose-based EECs (mg/kg-bw/d) for Each Use Scenario 

Dose-based Siduron (mg/kg-bw/d) 

Dietary Items By Avian Class and Body Weights 

Small (20g) Mid (100g) Large (1000g) 

Scenario 1 (12 lb a.i./A spring, 12 lb a.i./A fall) LD50>1621 LD50>2064 LD50>2915 

 Short Grass 3373 1923 861.1 

 Tall Grass 1546 881.5 394.7 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 1897 1082 484 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 210.8 120.2 53.8 

Scenario 2 (2 apps,12 pounds a.i./A, 4 week interval) LD50>1621 LD50>2064 LD50>2915 

 Short Grass 5163.92 2944.68 1318.37 

 Tall Grass 2366.79 1349.65 604.25 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 2904.70 1656.38 741.59 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 322.74 184.04 82.40 

Scenario 3 (2 appls, 6 pounds a.i./A, 4 week interval) LD50>1621 LD50>2064 LD50>2915 

 Short Grass 2545.38 1451.48 649.85 

 Tall Grass 1166.63 665.26 297.85 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 1431.78 816.46 365.54 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 159.09 90.72 40.62 

Scenario 4 (22 lbs a.i./acre, 30 day interval, 6 Applications) LD50>1621 LD50>2064 LD50>2915 

 Short Grass 13620.39 7766.92 3477.35 

 Tall Grass 6242.68 3559.84 1593.79 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 7661.47 4368.89 1956.01 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 851.27 485.43 217.33 

Table 10 Mammalian Dose-based EECs (ppm) for Each Use Scenario 

Dose-Based Siduron Levels (mg/kg-bw/d) 

Dietary Items By Mammalian Class and Body weight 

Herbivores/ insectivores Granivores 

 24
Dose-Based Siduron Levels (mg/kg-bw/d) 

Dietary Items By Mammalian Class and Body weight 

Herbivores/ insectivores Granivores 

Scenario 1 (12 lb a.i./A spring, 12 lb a.i./A fall) 15 g 35 g 1000 g 15 g 35 g 1000 g 

 Short Grass 2823.58 1951.47 452.46 -- -- -- 

 Tall Grass 1294.14 894.42 207.38 -- -- -- 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 1588.26 1097.70 254.51 -- -- -- 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 176.47 121.97 28.28 39.22 27.10 6.28 

Scenario 2 (2 apps,12 pounds a.i./A, 4 week interval)

 Short Grass 4322.94 2987.73 692.72 -- -- -- 

 Tall Grass 1981.35 1369.38 317.49 -- -- -- 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 2431.65 1680.60 389.65 -- -- -- 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 270.18 186.73 43.29 60.04 41.50 9.62 

Scenario 3 (2 appls, 6 pounds a.i./A, 4 week 

interval)

 Short Grass 2130.85 1472.70 341.45 -- -- -- 

 Tall Grass 976.64 674.99 156.50 -- -- -- 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 1198.60 828.39 192.07 -- -- -- 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 133.18 92.04 21.34 29.60 20.45 4.74 

Scenario 4 (22 lbs a.i./acre, 30 day interval, 6 

Applications)

 Short Grass 11402.23 7880.47 1827.11 -- -- -- 

 Tall Grass 5226.02 3611.88 837.43 -- -- -- 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 6413.75 4432.76 1027.75 -- -- -- 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 712.64 492.53 114.19 158.36 109.45 25.38 

TerrPlant EEC modeling results for exposure of off-site terrestrial plants in dry upland areas and 

in low-lying semi-aquatic areas are presented in Table 12 for lower and upper bound application 

rates. Model inputs are shown in Table 11. 

Table 11 Inputs for TerrPlant Model 

Input Parameter Symbol Value Units 

Chemical Name Siduron 

PC code 35509 

Use Sod, Golf Courses, Lawn 

Application Method Spray 

Application Form Wettable Powder 

Solubility in Water (ppm) 22.3 

 25
Input Parameter Symbol Value Units 

Application Rate A 12, 22, 24, 132 lb a.i/acre 

Incorporation I 1 none 

Runoff Fraction R 0.02 none 

Drift Fraction D 0.01 none 

The table below shows the EECs for one application of 12 pounds. The resulting EEC of 

TerrPlant modeling of the other application scenarios is in APPENDIX D: Input Parameters and 

Results from T-REX and Terrplant. 

Siduron is a persistent chemical. Two applications, four weeks apart may be expected to 

accumulate. Therefore, an application of 12 lbs a.i./A could represent one application at 12 lbs 

a.i./A, or could be used to help characterize the risk from two applications at 6lbs a.i./A. Also 

modeled were 24 lbs (representative of two applications at 12 lbs a.i./A), 22 lbs a.i./A and 132 

lbs a.i./A (representative of six applications at 22lbs a.i./a). 

Table 12 Siduron Loading EECs to Offsite Soil from Runoff and Spray Drift and Spray 

Drift Loading after 12lbs a.i./acre application 

Description EEC (lbs a.i./A) 

Runoff to dry areas 0.44 

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas 4.4 

Spray drift 0.22 

Total for dry areas 0.66 

Total for semi-aquatic areas 4.62 

B. Ecological Effects Characterization 

In ecological risk assessments supporting Reregistration Eligibility Decisions, the effects 

characterization describes the types of effects a pesticide can have on aquatic or terrestrial 

organisms. This characterization is based on registrant-submitted studies and comparable 

scientifically sound public literature that describe information regarding acute and chronic 

toxicity effects for various aquatic and terrestrial animals. Appendix F summarizes in detail the 

results of the registrant-submitted toxicity studies used to characterize effects for this risk 

assessment. A search of the open literature for effects of siduron on animals and plants were 

performed according to the Agency’s guidance (USEPA, 2004). Available data in the open 

literature were screened using a check list for ecological toxicity data outlined by EPA (USEPA, 

2004) and developed in conjunction with the Services. Public literature studies with 

measurement endpoints commensurate with guideline studies, maintaining proper organism 

survival in a control treatment, testing only with healthy, unstressed organisms, and using 

appropriate testing procedures. Results from studies, where the test descriptions did not contain 

sufficient information to evaluate these fundamentals, were not used. Open literature studies are 

summarized in Appendix A. These studies were not included for one or more reasons such as 

the measurement endpoint was not one needed for risk calculations (i.e., did not meet data 

 26
quality objectives identified in the problem formulation such as wrong exposure duration), 

contained insufficient information to use the value quantitatively, or contained guideline 

deviations or problems that also limited use within characterizing risk or effects. 

Based on the available data, siduron is classified as moderately toxic to freshwater fish, slightly 

toxic to freshwater invertebrates, estuarine/marine fish and estuarine/marine invertebrates, and 

practically non-toxic to freshwater non-vascular plants. Siduron is also classified as practically 

non-toxic to birds, reptiles, terrestrial-phase amphibians, insects and mammals on an acute basis. 

Monocots were the most sensitive group of terrestrial plants tested in seedling emergence and 

studies. Detailed Effects Tables are included in the effects analysis section below, with separate 

tables for each taxa which include the specific measurement endpoint values selected from 

available data. 

1. Evaluation and Selection of Aquatic and Terrestrial Effect Studies 

a. Aquatic Effects Characterization 

The acute toxicity of siduron was tested in two species of freshwater fish: rainbow trout 

(Oncorhychus mykiss) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), one freshwater invertebrate 

(Daphnia magna), one estuarine/marine fish: sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegates), an 

estuarine/marine mollusk: Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and a crustacean: Mysid 

shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia). No aquatic chronic toxicity tests were submitted and none were 

found in the open literature. 

Aquatic toxicity data for other phenylurea herbicides were used to extrapolate toxicity endpoint 

values for chronic effects to freshwater and marine/estuarine fish and invertebrates. Because the 

siduron aquatic toxicity data was insufficient to evaluate chronic risks, other phenylurea 

herbicide toxicity data were used to provide a rough estimate of the chronic toxicity of siduron. 

Additionally, phenylurea herbicide toxicity data for aquatic plants was used to provide 

supplemental characterization of risk estimates for the incomplete aquatic plant data set. 

(1) Freshwater 

The acute toxicity test for the waterflea, Daphnia magna, (MRID: 433245-02) resulted in a 48-hr 

EC50 >13,700 ppb a.i., the highest tested concentration in the study. At 24 hours at 

concentrations at and above11,600 ppb a.i., daphnid were observed to be lethargic and by 48 

hours those still alive appeared entangled. 

Technical grade a.i. 96-h LC50 test results with freshwater fish ranged from 8,100 ppb for 

rainbow trout to 15,000 ppb for bluegill sunfish. The most sensitive 96-hr LC50 value reported 

for fish was a rainbow trout (MRID: 433245-01) value of 8,100 ppb a.i. The acute 96-hr NOEC 

was considered to be 2,590 ppb a.i. since no mortality or sublethal effects were observed at or 

below this concentration. The probit slope of the dose-response curve was 5.63. Ten fish per 

test container, one container per treatment level, were exposed to siduron at 1560, 2590, 4320, 

 27
7200, 12,000 and 20,000 ppb a.i. Table 13 below summarizes all the freshwater vertebrate and 

invertabrate data used for calculating RQ’s. 

Table 13 Summary of Specific Measurement Endpoint Values Selected to Calculate RQs to 

Evaluate Risk for the Associated Freshwater Aquatic Animal Assessment Endpoints 

Selected Measurement Endpoint Value and Source 

Assessment 

Endpoint 

Measurement 

Endpoint Species Study 

Duration 

Toxicity 

Value 

Most Sensitive 

Endpoint 

Source and 

Study 

Classification

Most sensitive acute 

freshwater fish or 

amphibian LC50

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchu

s mykiss) 

96 hr LC50 8,100 ppb a.i. Mortality (probit 

slope 5.6) 

433245-01 

Acceptable 

Survival and 

reproduction 

of freshwater 

vertebrates 

(fishes, etc) Most sensitive 

freshwater fish or 

amphibian early life 

stage or life cycle 

NOAEC 

Extrapolated 

Rainbow 

trout 

Not 

applicable 

15 ppb a.i. Extrapolated 

NOAEC for fish 

early life stage 

endpoints (ACR 

538) 

See section 

III.B.1.a.(1.) 

Most sensitive acute 

freshwater 

invertebrate LC50

(or EC50) 

Water flea, 

(Daphnia 

magna) 

48 hr EC50 >13,700 ppb 

a.i. 

Immobilization 

and mortality 

(no mortality 

observed at and 

below 7,170 ppb 

a.i.) 

433245-02 

Acceptable 

Survival and 

reproduction 

of freshwater 

invertebrates 

Most sensitive 

aquatic invertebrate 

life cycle NOAEC 

Most 

sensitive 

phenylurea 

herbicide 

(diuron) D. 

magna

21 day 6 ppb a.i. reproduction See section 

III.B.1.a.(1) 

Phenylurea herbicides with both an acute 96-hr LC50 value and fish early life stage NOAEC for 

the same freshwater fish species are tabulated in Table 14 and for marine fish species in Table 

15. Additionally, freshwater fish data for tebuthiuron, a substituted diazolyluron urea herbicide, 

were included as one of a limited number of substituted ureas with both acute and chronic 

toxicity data. Acute-to-chronic ratio (ACR) values ranged from 5.5 to 538 for freshwater fish 

and from 2.5 to >17 for marine/estuarine fish.. 

The more toxic of the substituted urea herbicides were linuron and diuron, which each have only 

a single ring structure on a nitrogen rather than two ring structures like tebuthiuron and 

thidiazuron, and have two chlorines on the phenyl ring (Appendix G). Siduron like tebuthiuron 

and thidiazuron, have two ring structures attached to nitrogens and no chlorine on the phenyl 

ring. A large ACR is not unusual where the mode of action for chronic effects differ from the 

acute, especially if metabolic activation is involved. Based on this toxicity pattern and several of 

the ACR values being non-definitve but large, the diuron ACR (538) for the Fathead minnow 

was used as a conservative ACR factor for extrapolating a siduron early life stage NOAEC 

(NOAEC = 96-h LC50/ACR = 8100/538 = 15 ppb a.i.) from the most acutely sensitive siduron 

rainbow trout result. 

 28
Table 14 Phenylurea Herbicide 96-h Acute LC50, Freshwater Fish Early Life Stage 

NOAEC Values, and ACR 

Acute Test Results Early Life Stage Test Results 

Phenylurea 

Herbicide 

Test 

Species 

Acute 

96-h 

LC50

(ppb) 

Study 

Conditions and 

Classification 

(a) 

Acute 

Value 

Source 

(MRID or 

Acc) 

Study 

Conditins 

and 

Classificatin

(b)

Study 

Duration 

(days) 

NOAEC 

[LOAEC] 

(ppb) 

Chronic 

Value 

Source 

(MRID or 

Acc) 

ACR

diuron Fathead 

minnow, P. 

promelas

14,200 age N.R., S, 

98.6% a.i., 

Supplemental 

00141636 S, 98.6%, 

Acceptable 

60 26.4 

[61.8] 

001416-36 538 

linuron Rainbow 

trout, O. 

mykiss

3,000 0.77 g, S, 96.2% 

a.i., Acceptable 

404455-01 F, 98.4%, 

Supplemental 

80 <42 

[NA] 

420618-04 >71 

Tebuthiuron Fathead 

minnow, P. 

promelas

>180,000 Juv, S, 98% a.i., 

Supplemental 

00041685 F, 98% a.i., 

Acceptable 

28 9,300 

[18,000] 

00090084 >19 

Tebuthiuron Rainbow 

trout, O. 

mykiss

143,000 age N.R., S, 

98% a.i., 

Acceptable 

00020661 F, 98% a.i., 

Acceptable 

45 26,000 

[52,000] 

00090083 5.5 

Thidiazuron Fathead 

minnow, P. 

promelas

-- -- -- F, 99.3% a.i., 

Acceptable 

35 5,700 

[>5,700] 

422703-01 -- 

(a) age or size – N.R = not reported, Juv = juvenile; test type – S = static; purity; study classification

(b) test type – S = static, F = flow-through; study classification

Table 15 Phenylurea Herbicide 96-h Acute LC50, Marine Fish Early Life Stage NOAEC, 

and ACR 

Acute Toxicity Results Fish Early Life Stage Results 

Phenylurea 

Herbicide 

Test 

Species 

Acute 

96-h 

LC50

(ppb) 

Study 

Conditions and 

Classification 

(a) 

Acute 

Value 

Source 

(MRID 

and Acc) 

Study 

Conditions 

and 

Classification 

(b) 

Study 

Duration 

(days) 

NOAEC 

[LOAEC] 

(ppb) 

Chronic 

Value 

Source 

(MRID 

and Acc) 

ACR

diuron Sheepshead 

minnow, C. 

variegatus

6700 age N.R., S, 

99% a.i., 

Acceptable 

414188-03 F, 96.8% a.i., 

Supplemental, 

38 days 

60 <440 

[ nd] 

423129-01 >15 

linuron Sheepshead 

minnow, C. 

variegatus

890 0.20 g, S, 98.4% 

a.i., Acceptable 

420618-01 F, 98.4% a.i., 

Supplemental, 

35 days 

80 357 

[766] 

439965-02 2.5 

(a) age or size – N.R = not reported, Juv = juvenile; test type – S = static; purity; study classification

(b) test type – S = static, F = flow-through; study classification

 29
Because there were no reproduction NOAEC for the freshwater invertebrate, D. magna, a value 

was extrapolated using other phenylurea herbicide toxicity data. Phenylurea herbicides with 

acute D. magna 48-hr EC50 immobilization values and/or chronic reproduction NOAEC are 

tabulated inTable 16. Other aquatic invertebrate phenylurea herbicide values were also 

calculated for the estuarine/marine mysid. The mysid acute 96-h LC50 values and/or life cycle 

NOAEC values and calculated ACR values are tabulated in Table 17. Excluding the ACR of 0.9 

which is not appropriate (i.e., level which effects 50% survival should not be lower than the 

reproduction NOAEC), the ACR values ranged from 2.1 to 1,400 for D. magna and from 4.1 to 

>11 for A. bahia. Because there is no definitive D. magna acute 48-h EC50 value (i.e., >13,700 

ppb) an ACR approach could not be used to extrapolate a reproductive NOAEC. Based on the 

sensitivity pattern of D. magna to siduron and these other phenylureas and the range in 

reproduction NOAEC values (6 to 21,800 ppb), the lowest phenylurea D. magna reproduction 

value of 6 ppb was used for siduron as a conservative estimate of its reproductive effect level. 

Table 16 Phenylurea herbicide D. magna Acute 48-h EC50, Reproduction NOAEC, and 

ACR Values 

Acute Toxicity Results Reproduction Study Results 

Phenylurea 

Herbicide 

Test 

Species 

Acute 

48-h 

EC50

(ppb) 

Study 

Conditions 

and 

Classification

(a) 

Acute 

Value 

Source 

(MRID 

and Acc) 

Study 

Conditions 

and 

Classification 

(b) 

Study 

Duration 

(days) 

NOAEC 

[LOAEC] 

(ppb) 

Chronic 

Value 

Source 

(MRID 

and Acc) 

ACR

diuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

8,400 age N.R., S, 

80% a.i., 

Acceptable 

420460-03 S, 98.2% a.i., 

Supplemental 

21 d 6 

[200] 

TN 2418 1400

diuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

1,400 1st inst, S, 

95% a.i., 

Acceptable 

400946-02 S, 98.2% a.i., 

Supplemental 

21 d 6 

[200] 

TN 2418 233 

linuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

270 1st instar, S, 

95.1% a.i., 

Acceptable 

400980-01 S, 98.4% a.i., 

Acceptable 

21 d 130 

[240] 

421534-01 2.1 

Linuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

120 1st-inst, S, 

94.4% a.i., 

Acceptable 

258300, 

00142932 

S, 98.4% a.i., 

Acceptable 

21 d 130 

[240] 

421534-01 0.9 

linuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

1,910 <24 h, S, 

98.4% a.i., 

Acceptable 

439965-01 S, 98.4% a.i., 

Acceptable 

21 d 130 

[240] 

421534-01 15 

metobenzuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

-- -- -- F, 98.3% a.i. 21 d 23 

[54] 

419650-20 -- 

tebuthiuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

297,000 <10-h; S, 

99.2% a.i., 

Acceptable 

00041694 SR, 97.4% 

a.i., 

Acceptable 

21 d 21,800 

[44,200] 

00138700 14 

thidiazuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

10,000 <24-h; S; 

98.4%; 

Acceptable 

ACC09981 F, 99.3% a.i., 

Acceptable 

21 d <100 430752-01 >100

thidiazuron Water 

flea, D. 

magna

5,700 <24 h, S, 

99.5% a.i., 

Acceptable 

462035-03 F, 99.3% a.i., 

Supplemental 

21 d <100 421320-02 >57 

 30
(a) age or size – N.R = not reported; test type – S = static; purity; study classification

(b) test type – S = static, F = flow-through; study classification

Table 17 Phenylurea herbicide A. bahia Acute 96-h LC50, Reproduction NOAEC, and 

ACR Values 

Acute Toxicity Results Life Cycle Results 

Phenylurea 

Herbi-cide 

Test 

Species 

Acute 

96-h 

LC50

(ppb) 

Study 

Conditions 

and 

Classification

(a) 

Acute 

Value 

Source 

(MRID 

and Acc) 

Study 

Conditions 

and 

Classification 

(b) 

Study 

Duration 

(days) 

NOAEC 

[LOAEC] 

(ppb) 

Chronic 

Value 

Source 

(MRID 

and Acc) 

ACR

diuron Mysid, A. 

bahia

1,100 0.12 g, S, 

99% a.i., 

Supplemental 

414188-01 S, 96.8% a.i., 

28-d, 

Acceptable 

28 d 270 

[560] 

425006-01 4.1 

fluometuron Mysid, A. 

bahia

3,800 age 24 hr, F, 

97.5% a.i., 

Acceptable 

425685-01 -- -- -- -- -- 

fluometuron Mysid, A. 

bahia 

6,800 age N.R., F, 

97.2% a.i., 

Acceptable 

424980-06 -- -- -- -- -- 

linuron Mysid, A. 

bahia

3,300 <24 h, S, 

98.4% a.i., 

Acceptable 

420618-03 F, 98.4% a.i., 

28-d, 

Acceptable 

28 d <297 439965-03 >11 

thidiazuron Mysid, A. 

bahia

3,200 age 96 hr, S, 

99.3% a.i., 

Acceptable 

-- -- -- -- -- -- 

(a) age or size – N.R = not reported; test type – S = static, F = flowthrough; purity; study classification

(b) test type – S = static, F = flow-through; study classification

(2) Estuarine/Marine 

One marine fish acute study was submitted, the test species was the Sheepshead minnow 

(Cyprinodon variegates). The 96-hour LC50 value for sheepshead minnow (MRID: 433279-02) 

was 12,300 ppb, indicating that siduron is slightly toxic to estuarine/marine fish upon acute 

exposure. The acute 96-h NOAEC was 6,300 ppb a.i. since no mortality or sublethal effects 

were observed at or below this concentration. The probit slope of the dose-response curve was 

7.3. Ten fish per test container, one container per treatment level, were exposed to siduron at 

1,560, 2,590, 4,320, 7,200, 12,000 and 20,000 ppb a.i. Surviving fish exposed at the two highest 

treatment levels demonstrated signs of toxicity which included complete loss of equilibrium, 

dark coloration, and erratic swimming. 

Two estuarine/marine acute invertebratre tests were submitted, a 96-h lethality study with the 

mysid shrimp (Amercamsis bahia) and a 48-h embryo/larval study with the Eastern oyster 

(Crassostrea virginica). The acute toxicity test with the mysid shrimp (MRID: 458683-01) 

resulted in an 96-hour LC50 of 6,500 ppb, with 95% confidence limits of 5,300 and 7,800 ppb a.i. 

The study followed the guideline except that the total organic carbon was slightly higher than 

 31
specified. This increase in organic carbon may have affected the bioavailability of the 

compound, thus underestimating the toxicity. Mortality of the mysids exposed for 96 hours to 

siduron ranged from 0 percent at concentrations less than or equal to 2,200 ppb a.i. to 75% at 

9,200 ppb a.i.. The probit slope of the dose-response curve is 4.8. 

For the Eastern oyster (MRID: 43385401), the larvae were exposed to measured concentrations 

of 1,250, 1,660, 3,730, 6,740, 10,600, and 10,800 ppb a.i. The larvae exposed to 10,800 ppb a.i. 

had greater normal development than the control. The 48-h EC50 was estimated to be greater 

than 10,800 ppb a.i., which classifies siduron technical as no more than slightly toxic to Eastern 

oyster larvae. The 48-h NOAEC was 10,800 ppb a.i. 

Based on these submitted studies, siduron is classified as slightly toxic to fish and invertebrates 

on an acute exposure basis. For invertebrates, there were few or no mortalities or sublethal 

effects at the highest treatment levels tested in the acute studies (i.e., the LC50 endpoints are 

‘greater than’ values). These ‘greater than’ endpoints were not used to calculate RQ values; 

however, they are used to help characterize the risk in the ‘Risk Description’ section of this 

assessment. 

There were only two phenylurea herbicides with both an acute 96-h LC50 and a fish early life 

stage NOAEC for the same marine fish species. The ACR values for these two studies were 2.5 

and >17 (Table 15). ACR values for freshwater fish ranged from 5.5 to 583 (Table 14). The 

ACR value of 583 was used to extrapolate a conservative early life stage sheepshead minnow 

NOAEC (NOAEC = 96-hr LC50/ACR = 12,300/583 = 23 ppb a.i.) using the siduron sheepshead 

minnow acute value. 

There were only two phenylurea herbicides with both an acute 96-h LC50 and a life cylce 

NOAEC for the estuarine/marine invertebrate A. bahia. The ACR values for these two studies 

were 4.1 and >11 (Table 17). The range of ACR values for other aquatic invertebrates, D. 

magna, ranged from 2.1 to 1400 (excluding the scientifically unsound ACR of 0.9). The most 

sensitive aquatic invertebrate value of 1400 was used to extrapolate a mysid life cycle NOAEC 

siduron using the siduron mysid acute 96-h LC50 (mysid life cyle NOAEC = 96-h LC50/NOAEC 

= 6500/1400 = 4.6 ppb). 

Table 18 summarizes all the estuarine/marine vertebrate and invertabrate data used for 

calculating RQ values. 

 32
Table 18. Summary of Specific Measurement Endpoint Values Selected to Calculate RQs 

to Evaluate Risk for the Associated Estuarine/Marine Animal Assessment Endpoints 

Selected Measurement Endpoint Value and Source 

Assessment 

Endpoint 

Measurement 

Endpoint Species Study 

Duration 

Toxicity 

Value 

Most Sensitive 

Endpoint 

Source and 

Study 

Classification

Most sensitve acute 

marine/ estuarine 

vertebrate LC50

Sheepshead 

minnow 

(Cyprinodon 

variegatus) 

96 hr 12,300 ppb 

a.i. 

Mortality 

(probit slope =7.3) 

433279-02 

Acceptable 

Surivial and 

reproduction 

of marine/ 

estuarine 

vertebrates 

(fishes, etc) 

Most sensitive 

marine/estuarine fish 

early life stage or 

life cycle NOAEC 

Extrapolated 

Sheepshead 

minnow 

Not 

applicable 

23 ppb a.i. Extrapolated 

NOAEC for fish 

early life stage 

endpoint 

See section 

III.B.1.a.(2) 

Most sensitive 

marine/estuarine 

acute mollusk shell 

deposition or 

embryo larval EC50

Eastern oyster 

(Crassostrea 

virginica) 

embryo larval 

study 

48 hr >10,800 

ppb a.i. 

Mortality and 

incomplete and 

abnormal shell 

development 

433854-01 

Acceptable 

Most sensitive 

marine/estuarine 

acute invertebrate 

LC50

Mysids 

(Mysidopsis 

bahia) 

96 hour 6500 ppb 

a.i. 

Mortality (probit 

slope 4.8) 

458683-01 

Acceptable 

Survival and 

reproduction 

of 

marine/estuari

ne 

invertebrates 

Most sensitive 

marine/estuarine life 

cycle invertebrate 

NOAEC 

Extrapolated 

(M. bahia)

Not 

applicable 

4.6 ppb a.i. Extrapolated 

NOAEC for 

invertebrate life 

cycle 

See section 

III.B.1.a.(2) 

b. Terrestrial Effects Characterization 

There were acute oral and/or acute dietary data for an upland game bird, Bobwhite quail (Colinus 

virginianus), and a waterfowl, Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). One avian reproductive study with 

the Bobwhite quail was also available. An acute oral study with siduron for a laboratory rat was 

also available from studies submitted to HED but there was no 2-generation rat study. For 

beneficial insects two acute contact studies were available. 

The potential for chronic reproductive effects to mammalian wildlife was determined using the 

rat developmental study but a further characterization based on mammalian reproduction data for 

other phenylurea herbicides and their comparative acute toxicity. Table 19 summarizes all the 

terrestrial data used for calculating RQ values. 

(1) Toxicity to Terrestrial Animals 

The acute toxicity of siduron was tested in two species of birds: the bobwhite quail (Colinus 

virginianus) and mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and one terrestrial invertebrate: the honey 

bee (Apis mellifera). A summary of the data and toxicity endpoints used for calculting RQs is 

given in Table 19 below. 

 33
Table 19. Summary of Specific Measurement Endpoint Values Selected to Calculate RQs to 

Evaluate Risk for the Associated Terrestrial Animal Assessment Endpoints 

Selected Measurement Endpoint Value and Source 

Assessment 

Endpoint 

Measurement 

Endpoint 

Species Study 

Duration 

Toxicity 

Value 

Most Sensitive 

Endpoint 

MRID or 

Acc No. and 

Study 

Classification

Most sensitive avian 

acute oral toxicity, 

LD50 (single-dose) 

Bobwhite 

quail 

Single Oral 

Dose, post 

14 day 

LD50 >2250 

mg a.i./kg-bw

Mortality (none 

observed at 

highest dose) 

409916-01 

Acceptable 

Most sensitive acute 

avian dietary 

toxicity 

Bobwhite 

quail and 

Mallard Duck

8 d (5 d 

exposure, 

post 3 d) 

LC50 >5,620 

(ppm a.i.) 

Mortality (none 

observed at 

highest 

concentration 

tested) 

409916-02 

409916-03 

Acceptable 

Survival and 

Reproduction 

of Birds, 

Reptiles and 

Amphibians 

Most sensitive avian 

reproductive toxicity 

NOAEC 

Bobwhite 

quail 

22 Weeks NOAEL 2800 

(ppm a.i.) 

Decreased 

hatchling and 

adult body weight 

438833-01 

Acceptable 

Most sensitive acute 

oral toxicity, LD50

(single-dose) 

Rat Single oral 

dose 

LD50 >5000 

mg a.i./kgbw/day 

Mortality 419334-02 

Acceptable 

Survival and 

Reproduction 

of Terrestrial 

Mammals Most sensitive 

reproduction 

NOAEL 

Rat 

(Used most 

sensitive 

phenylurea 

herbicide 

value, 

linuoron) 

Not 

applicable 

0.74 mg 

a.i./kg-bw/d 

(12 ppm a.i. 

dietary) 

Extrapolated 

NOAEL for rat 

reproduction 

endpoints 

See section 

III. B.2.a.(4) 

Survival of 

Terrestrial 

Invertebrates 

and beneficial 

insects 

Most sensitive acute 

contact LD50

(ug/bee) 

Honey bee 

(Apis 

mellifera) 

96 hr 938 ppm a.i 

(ug/g of bee).

Mortality 00018842 

See section 

IV.A.2.c 

Acceptable 

 (1) Birds 

An acute bobwhite quail single oral dose test (MRID: 409916-01) resulted in an LD50 > 2250 

mg/kg-bw. There were no mortalities in the controls or any of the treatment groups. When 

compared to the control there was a reduction in body weight gain and feed consumption for 

males and females in the 2250 mg/kg treatment group for days one through three. 

Two sub-acute acute avian toxicity studies were considered. A mallard duck (MRID: 40991603) 

dietary toxicity test resulted in an sublethal dietary LC50 >5620 ppm a.i.. Dosage levels selected 

for the study were 562, 1000, 1780, 3160 and 5620 ppm a.i. No mortality or abnormal effects 

were observed during the study. A reduction in body weight gain and a corresponding reduction 

in feed consumption were noted at the two highest treatment levels. A sub-acute test, assessing 

siduron effects to bobwhite quail (MRID: 409916-02) resulted in a sublethal dietary LC50 > 5620 

 34
ppm a.i.. No mortality or sublethal effects were observed in the control birds. Two birds were 

noted to have toe-picking lesions. There were no mortalities in the four lowest treatment groups. 

In comparison to the controls, a slight reduction in body weight gain was noted at the highest 

treatment level during the exposure period. There did not appear to be a reduction in feed 

consumption at any test level. 

A dietary reproduction study of bobwhite quail (MRID: 438833-01) resulted in a LOAEC of 

6250 ppm a.i. and NOEAC of 2800 ppm a.i., based on significant reductions in both hatchling 

and adult male bodyweights. There were no treatment related mortalities or overt signs of 

toxicity at any test concentration (1250, 2800 and 6250 ppm). There was a significant treatment 

related reduction in adult male body weight at the highest test concentration (6250 ppm) when 

compared to the control. The initial body weights of hatchlings were also significantly lower at 

the 6250 ppm. When compared to the control, there were no treatment related effects on any of 

the reproductive parameters measured. 

(2) Insects 

Two acute contact studies on honey bee were submitted, which resulted in similar 48-hour LD50

values. The first study, (Accesion No: 00018842) reported contact mortality at 96-hour LD50= 

120.86 μg/bee. The second study (MRID: 416206-02) resulted in a 48-hour LD50 > 100 μg/bee. 

Five treatment levels representing 13, 22, 36, 60, and 100 μg/bee were tested along with a 

solvent control and a negative control. Two replicates of 25 bees each were used to reach 

treatment and the controls. Cumulative mortalities of the test bees during the 48-hour exposure 

period were assessed. At test termination, negative control and solvent control mortalities were 4 

and 0%, respectively. Mortality in the test dosages ranged between 2 and 6%. These mortalities 

did not follow a concentration-response pattern and were not considered treatment related. One 

bee at 100 μg/bee dose was noted as moribund on day 0, but this may have been due to 

immobilization with nitrogen. By day 1, all bees at this level appeared normal. No other signs 

of toxicity were observed at any dose tested. 

(3) Mammals 

An acute oral toxicity rat study (MRID: 41933402) resulted in an LD50 > 5000mg/kg-bw. No 

two-generation reproduction study was provided. However, a pre-natal developmental study 

reported no developmental effects on the fetuses at the highest concentration tested (1500 mg/kgbw/day). The maternal LOEL was reported as 750 mg/kg/day based on decreased body weight 

gain and food consumption. 

NOAEL values for two-generation studies for other phenylureas were examined, only three 

studies were available, one with fluometuron (0.55 mg/kg-bw/d; MRID 423147-01), one with 

linuron (0.74 mg/kg-bw/d; 414634-01 and 418647-01), and one with diuron (18.6 mg/kg-bw/d; 

MRID 419573-01). 

 35
c. Toxicity to Plants 

(1) Terrestrial Plants 

Tier II plant studies demonstrate the potential for siduron to affect terrestrial mono and dicots 

plants. In the seedling emergence studies (MRID:43385402), the exposure levels equivalent to a 

25% effect level were 0.3 lbs a.i./A for monocots and 2.0 lbs a.i./A for dicots, based on the study 

with siduron. The NOAELs were 0.19 and 1.5 lbs a.i./A for monocots and dicots respectively. 

There are no submitted vegetative vigor studies. A summary of submitted terrestrial plant data 

and relevant toxicity endpoints used for calculation RQs is given in Table 20 below. 

Table 20. Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Data 

Selected Measurement Endpoint Value and Source 

Assessment 

Endpoint 

Measurement 

Endpoint Species Study 

Duration 

Toxicity 

Value 

Most Sensitive 

Endpoint 

Source and 

Study 

Classification

EC25 0.30 lbs 

a.i./A 

Most sensitive 

monocot seedling 

emergence 

NOAEL(1) and EC25

Onion 21 D 

NOAEL 0.19 

lbs a.i./A 

Decreased fresh 

weight 

EC25 2 lbs 

a.i./A 

Most sensitive dicot 

seedling emergence 

NOAEL(1) and EC25

Pea 21 D 

NOAEL 1.5 

lbs a.i./A 

Decreased fresh 

weight 

EC25 =0.18 

lbs a.i./A 

Most sensitive 

monocot vegetative 

vigor NOAEL(1) and 

EC25

Onion 21 D 

EC05=0.75 

Decreased fresh 

weight 

EC25 =4.5 lbs 

a.i./A 

Reduced 

survival of 

terrestrial 

plants 

Most sensitive dicot 

vegetative vigor 

NOAEL(1) and EC25

Rape 21D 

NOAEL =1.5 

lbs a.i./A 

Decreased fresh 

weight 

433854-02 

Supplemental 

(2)

(2) Aquatic Plants 

A growth and reproduction study of green algae (MRID: 42111002) resulted in a 5-day EC50 of 

210 μg/L. The 95% confidence interval had a lower limit of 170 μg/L but the upper limit could 

not be determined. Significant reductions in the number of cells were observed in the highest 

tow test concentrations compared to the controls. The mean measure exposure concentrations 

for the test were: 24, 46, 85, 170, and 460 μg/L. Because the raw data were not submitted, this 

study is considered supplemental. A summary of submitted aquatic plant data and relevant 

toxicity endpoints used for calculation RQs is given in Table 21 below. 

There was no toxicity data submitted for vascular aquatic plants. By evaluating the existing data 

set for phenylurea compounds similar to siduron (Appendix K), it was found that vascular 

 36
aquatic plants can range in sensitivity, from less sensitive to more sensitive than algae. By 

comparing siduron to chemicals with a similar aquatic algae toxicity profile, it was concluded 

that vascular plants may be up to 10 times more sensitive to siduron than non-vascular plants. 

Therefore, the extrapolated toxicity endpoint for freshwater aquatic vascular plants is EC50=21.0 

ppm. It is possible that aquatic vascular plants may be as or less sensitive than algae, but without 

toxicity data, it is not possible to dismiss the risk to aquatic vascular plants. 

Table 21. Aquatic Plant Toxicity Data

Selected Measurement Endpoint Value and Source 

Assessment 

Endpoint 

Measurement 

Endpoint Species Study 

Duration 

Toxicity 

Value 

Most 

Sensitive 

Endpoint 

Source and 

Study 

Classification 

Most sensitive 

vascular plant 

biomass and growth 

rate NOAEL(1) and 

EC50

Duckweed 

(extrapolated)

NA EC50= 21.0 

ppb 

See description 

above 

Reduced 

biomass and 

growth rate of 

aquatic plants 

Most sensitive 

nonvascular plant 

biomass and growth 

rate NOAEL(1) and 

EC50

Green algae 

(species) 

5 days EC50 210 ppb 

a.i., NOAEL 

<170 

Number of 

cells 

421110-02 

Supplemental 

(because raw data 

was not submitted 

to confirm results)

2. ECOTOX Summary of Effects 

ECOTOX (ECOTOXicology) database is used as a search engine to identify open literature 

studies that may potentially be used in ecological risk assessments. This database is found in the 

EPA website, http://www.epa.gov/ecotox. The ECOTOX database was selected because it is a 

user friendly, publicly-available, quality assured, comprehensive tool for locating open literature 

chemical toxicity data for aquatic life, terrestrial; plants, and wildlife. Relevant literature for 

ECOTOX is retrieved using a comprehensive search strategy to capture the data from research 

that evaluates species and/or toxic effects, which fall outside the standard battery of ecotoxicity 

tests. The ECOTOX database is developed and maintained by EPA’s National Health and 

Environmental Effects Research Laboratory in Duluth, Minnesota. 

Upon searching the open literature using the ECOTOX database, one study was identified as 

potentially relevelant. “An evaluation of fish models of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition” 

looked at mortality as well as biomarkers of sublethal effects in two larval and embryo larval 

fish models, fathead minnow and medaka. All results were reported in micromolar (μM) 

concentrations. 

At the highest exposure concentration (64 μM or 14.9 ppm siduron) fathead minnow exhibited 

behavioral effects, including lethargy and poor food consumption (as suggested by clear 

gastrointestinal tracks). Enzymatic effects, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity 

 37
suppression, were observed at lower concentrations of siduron, EC50= 28 μM (or 6.5 ppm) 

Medaka embryo/larval exposure to siduron resulted in significant delays in hatching time all 

exposure concentrations (22, 43, and 65 μM; 5.1, 10.0 and 15.1 ppm). The implications of these 

sublethal effects cannot be determined at this time. 

Appendix A provides a listing of studies found in ECOTOX database with a very brief 

explanation as to whether they were or were not being selected for risk assessment. Analysis of 

the literature that was found using the database did not result in any more sensitive endpoints 

than the submitted data, nor did it fill in any data gaps. 

3. Incident Data Review 

EPA maintains an incident database system (Ecological Incident Information System or EIIS) to 

track and evaluate accidental kills associated with pesticide use. The likelihood that a particular 

pesticide caused the incident is classified as highly probable, probable, possible, or unlikely, 

based on the information contained in the incident report. The Ecological Incident Information 

System (EIIS) Database will be searched for any reported incidents with wildlife associated with 

the use of siduron. There has not been any reported incident concerning siduron. 

 38
IV. Risk Characterization 

Risk characterization is the integration of exposure and effects characterization to determine the 

ecological risk from the use of siduron and the likelihood of effects on aquatic life, wildlife, and 

plants based on varying pesticide-use scenarios. The risk characterization provides estimations 

and descriptions of the risk; articulates risk assessment assumptions, limitations, and 

uncertainties; synthesizes an overall conclusion; and provides the risk managers with information 

to make regulatory decisions. 

A. Risk Estimation - Integration of Exposure and Effects Data 

Toxicity data and exposure estimates are used to evaluate the potential for adverse ecological 

effects on non-target species. For this screening-level assessment of siduron, the deterministic 

risk quotient method is used to provide a metric of potential risks. The RQ is a comparison of 

exposure estimates to toxicity endpoints; estimated exposure concentrations are divided by acute 

and chronic toxicity values. The resulting unit less RQs are compared to the Agency’s levels of 

concern (LOCs) (see Table 22), which are the Agency’s interpretive policy such that when LOCs 

are exceeded, the need for regulatory action may be considered. These criteria are used to 

indicate when the use of a pesticide, as directed on the label, has the potential to cause adverse 

effects on non-target organisms. 

RQ = EXPOSURE / MEASURE OF EFFECT (Equation 1) 

RQs are then compared to levels of concern (LOCs) to indicate the potential risk to non-target, 

listed (endangered or threatened), and non-listed organisms. The LOCs are presumptive risk 

values; an RQ that exceeds the LOC has a presumed risk to non-target organisms. LOCs 

currently address the following categories of presumed risk: 

• acute - potential for acute risk and regulatory action beyond restricted use classification 

might be warranted 

• acute restricted - the potential for acute risk, but might be mitigated through restricted 

use classification 

• acute listed species - threatened and endangered species might be adversely affected 

• chronic risk - the potential for chronic risk, and regulatory action might be warranted. 

Table 22 Agency Levels of Concern (LOC)

Risk Description LOC Taxa

Acute Potential for acute risk to non-target 

organisms which may warrant regulatory 

action in addition to restricted use 

classification 

acute RQ > 0.5 aquatic animals, 

mammals, birds 

Acute Potential for acute risk to non-target acute RQ > 0.1 aquatic animals 

 39
Risk Description LOC Taxa

Restricted Use organisms, but may be mitigated through 

restricted use classification 

acute RQ > 0.2 mammals and birds 

Acute Listed acute RQ > 0.05 aquatic animals 

Species 

Listed species may be potentially affected by 

use acute RQ > 0.1 mammals and birds 

Chronic Potential for chronic risk may warrant 

regulatory action, listed species may 

potentially be affected through chronic 

exposure 

chronic RQ > 1 all animals 

Non-Listed and 

Listed Plant 

Potential for effects in non-listed and listed 

plants 

RQ > 1 all plants 

1. Non-target Aquatic Animals and Plants 

a. Fish and Invertebrates, Acute 

As described in the exposure analysis, aquatic EECs were calculated using PRZM-EXAMS. 

Each application Scenario (1 through 4) was modeled with a different PRZM-EXAMS scenario 

(i.e. Pennsylvania turf). In the tables below (Table 23 through Table 26), the aquatic EECs are 

compared with the toxicity value for each measurement endpoint, resulting in RQ values. For 

acute exposure to fish and invertebrates, the RQ exceeds the endangered species LOC for 

freshwater fish and estuarine/marine invertebrates for application Scenarios 1, 2 and 3. There are 

no acute LOC exceedances for non-listed species. 

Table 23 Aquatic EECs and acute freshwater and estuarine/marine RQ values for four 

siduron application Scenarios. 

 Risk Quotients (EEC/ LC50) 

Scenario 

(PRZM 

scenario 

used) 

Label Use 

Peak 

EEC 

(ppb) 

Fresh Water 

Fish, (acute 

LC50= 8,100 

ppb) 

Fresh Water 

Invertebrate, 

(acute LC50> 

13,700 ppm)

Estuarine/ 

Marine Fish 

(acute LC50= 

12,300 ppb) 

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate 

(acute LC50= 

6,500 ppb) 

1a-(FLturf) Established Turf 501 0.06 <LC50 0.04 0.08 

1b(PAturf) Established Turf 326 0.04 <LC50 0.03 0.05 

2a(FLturf) Established Turf 477 0.06 <LC50 0.04 0.07 

2b(PAturf) Established Turf 373 0.05 <LC50 0.03 0.06 

3(PAalfalfa) Application to bare 

ground – Sequential 

393 0.05 <LC50 0.03 0.06 

4a(FLturf) Specialty 

Application (Golf 

course tees and 

greens) 

139 0.02 <LC50 0.01 0.02 

 40
 Risk Quotients (EEC/ LC50) 

Scenario 

(PRZM 

scenario 

used) 

Label Use 

Peak 

EEC 

(ppb) 

Fresh Water 

Fish, (acute 

LC50= 8,100 

ppb) 

Fresh Water 

Invertebrate, 

(acute LC50> 

13,700 ppm)

Estuarine/ 

Marine Fish 

Estuarine/ 

Marine 

Invertebrate (acute LC50= (acute LC50= 12,300 ppb) 6,500 ppb) 

4b(PAturf) Specialty 

Application (Golf 

course tees and 

greens) 

113 0.01 <LC50 0.01 0.02 

b. Fish and Invertebrates, Chronic 

There are no submitted studies of the toxicological effects of long-term exposure of aquatic 

organisms to siduron. To assess the risk of chronic exposure, chronic toxicity endpoints were 

extrapolated from compounds similar to siduron. In a comparison of the extrapolated toxicity 

endpoints to the aquatic EECs the resultant RQs exceed the listed and non-listed chronic LOC 

for aquatic organisms (RQs range from 4.8 to 107.4). See Table 24 and Table 25 below for 

details. 

Table 24 Aquatic EECs and chronic freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrate RQ 

values for four siduron application Scenarios.

 Risk Quotients (EEC/ NOAEC) 

Scenario (PRZM 

scenario used) Label Use 21 Day EEC (ppb) 

Freshwater 

Invertebrate lifecycle NOAEC= 

6ppb (extrapolated)

Estuarine/ Marine 

invertebrate lifecycle NOAEC=4.6 

ppb (extrapolated)

1a-(FLturf) Established Turf 494 82.33 107.39 

1b(PAturf) Established Turf 324 54.00 70.43 

2a(FLturf) Established Turf 471 78.50 102.39 

2b(PAturf) Established Turf 367 61.17 79.78 

3(PAalfalfa) Application to bare ground – 

Sequential 

389 64.83 84.57 

4a(FLturf) Specialty Application (Golf 

course tees and greens) 

137 22.83 29.78 

4b(PAturf) Specialty Application (Golf 

course tees and greens) 

112 18.67 24.35 

 41
Table 25. Aquatic EECs and chronic freshwater and estuarine/marine fish RQ values for 

four siduron application Scenarios.

Scenario (PRZM 

scenario used) Label Use 60 Day EEC (ppb) 

Freshwater fish 

early life stage 

NOAEC= 15ppb 

(extrapolated)

Estuarine/ Marine 

fish early life stage 

NOAEC=23ppb 

(extrapolated)

1a-(FLturf) Established Turf 481 32.07 20.91 

1b(PAturf) Established Turf 318 21.20 13.83 

2a(FLturf) Established Turf 461 30.73 20.04 

2b(PAturf) Established Turf 359 23.93 15.61 

3(PAalfalfa) Application to bare 

ground – Sequential 

383 25.53 16.65 

4a(FLturf) Specialty Application 

(Golf course tees and 

greens) 

134 8.93 5.83 

4b(PAturf) Specialty Application 

(Golf course tees and 

greens) 

111 7.40 4.83 

c. Aquatic Plants 

The calculated RQs (2.39-0.54) for freshwater non-vascular plants (algae) exceed the aquatic 

plant LOC for listed and non-listed species for Scenarios 1, 2 and 3. For Scenario 4, which is a 

concentrated application to non-contiguous areas, the application rate may be higher than the 

other scenarios, but when application method is factored in, the potential for run-off decreases. 

There are LOC exceedances for aquatic vascular plants. There are no LOC exceedances for nonvascular aquatic plants. 

Table 26 Aquatic EECs and RQ values for Nonlisted Aquatic Plants 

 Risk Quotients (EEC/ EC50) 

Scenario (PRZM 

scenario used) Label Use Peak EEC (ppb) 

Freshwater Nonvascular Aquatic 

Plants, (acute 5 Day 

EC50= 210 ppb)

Freshwater 

Vascular Aquatic 

Plants (EC50= 21.0 

ppb) (extrapolated)

1a-(FLturf) Established Turf 501 2.39 23.7 

1b(PAturf) Established Turf 326 1.55 15.5 

2a(FLturf) Established Turf 477 2.27 22.7 

2b(PAturf) Established Turf 373 1.78 17.8 

3(PAalfalfa) Application to bare ground – 

Sequential 

393 1.87 18.7 

4a(FLturf) Specialty Application (Golf 

course tees and greens) 

139 0.66 6.62 

4b(PAturf) Specialty Application (Golf 

course tees and greens) 

113 0.54 5.38 

 42
2. Non-target Terrestrial Animals 

a. Birds 

Siduron is classified as ‘practically non-toxic’ to birds on an acute basis. The EEC’s, as 

estimated using the TREX model were compared with the highest concentration tested, in lieu of 

LD50 values. For example, for Scenario 4, the EEC ranged from 7.6 times to 0.49 times the 

highest concentration tested. For each scenario, at least one exposure route (short grass, tall 

grass, broadleaf plants, small insects, large insects, etc) is greater than the LD50 value (highest 

value tested). 

The weight adjusted LD50 values listed below were used in the comparison. Avian LD50 values 

are adjusted based on potential differences in bird weight. For siduron, the adjust acute LD50

values are as follows: 

 

Table 27. Weight Adjusted Avian LC50 values 

Small Avian (20g) LC50>1621 mg/kg-bw

 Medium Avian (100g) LC50>2064 mg/kg-bw

Large Avian (1000g) LC50>2915 mg/kg-bw

The EECs associated with each application scenario are located below (Table 28). The values in 

bold represent EECs that are greater than the weight adjusted LD50. While this cannot be 

considered an LOC exceedence it is helpful in estimating the potential for risk. The EEC for 

small birds eating broadleaf plants and small insect is greater than the highest level tested for 

each scenario, except scenario 3. 

Table 28. Dose-based EECs for comparison with acute LD50 or LC50 values. Values in 

bold indicate EEC that is greater than theLD50 > value. 

Avian Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 

 Short Grass 3373 (small avian) 

5164 (small avian), 

2945 (Medium 

Avian) 2545 (small avian) 

13620 (small avian), 

7767 (Medium 

Avian), 3477 (Large 

Avian) 

 Tall Grass <LC50 2367 (small avian) <LC50 

6243 (small avian), 

3560 (Medium 

Avian) 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 1897 (small avian) 2905 (small avian) <LC50 

7661 (small avian), 

4369 (Medium 

Avian) 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects <LC50 <LC50 <LC50 <LC50 

For scenario 1 and 2, the avian chronic RQ exceeds for birds that consume short grass. The RQs 

calculated from Scenario 3 do not exceed the chronic LOC. The fourth exposure Scenario (4) 

 43
results in chronic RQ values that exceed the LOC for all food categories except 

fruit/pods/seeds/lg insects. The potential for chronic risks to birds will be further evaluated in 

the risk description section. See Table 29 below for chronic avian RQ values. 

Table 29 Dietary Based Chronic Avian RQs (values in bold exceed LOC). 

Avian Chronic RQs Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 

 Short Grass 1.06 1.62 0.80 4.27 

 Tall Grass 0.48 0.74 0.37 1.96 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects 0.59 0.91 0.45 2.40 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects 0.07 0.10 0.05 0.27 

b. Mammals 

Siduron is classified as ‘practically non-toxic’ to mammals on an acute and chronic basis. 

Because there was no mortality or sublethal effects at the highest level tested for acute and subacute toxicity, acute RQs were not calculated. However, this highest tested concentration was 

compared with the EECs. For the highest application scenario (22lb a.i./acre), Scenario 4, the 

EEC was always less than the tested concentration, but is more than half (e.g., RQ greater than or 

equal to 0.5) for small and medium mammals eating short grass or broadleaf plants/small insects. 

For the next highest application rate, the EECs were less than half the highest tested 

concentration (e.g., RQ < 0.5). 

Table 30. Mammalian, weight adjusted LD50 values 

Mammalian 

Class 

Body 

Weight 

Adjusted 

LD50 

Adjusted 

NOAEL 

15 >10,989 1.63 

35 >8,891 1.32 

Herbivores/ 

insectivores 

1000 >3,846 0.57 

15 >10,989 1.63 

35 >8,891 1.32 Grainvores 

 1000 >3,846 0.57 

Table 31 Mammalian Acute EECs vs adjust "LD50" 

Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 

 Short Grass EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 

11,402 

(small 

mammal) 

 Tall Grass EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 EEC<LD50 

 44
Because the only submitted study to consider the effects of siduron exposure on mammalian 

reproduction was a developmental study (short-term duration exposure), a chronic endpoint was 

extrapolated from toxicity data of similar compounds. Using a 2-geneneration reproductive 

NOAEL of 0.74mg/kg-bw, chronic RQs exceeded the LOC for every application scenario, for 

every dietary item. The range of chronic RQ values can be found in Appendix D. 

The acute and chronic risks to listed and non-listed species will be further considered in the risk 

description section. 

Table 32 Table of Mammalian LOC (1) Exceedences (includes Dietary and Dose-Based). 

Mammalian Chronic RQs Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 

 Short Grass >1 >1 >1 >1 

 Tall Grass >1 >1 >1 >1 

 Broadleaf plants/ sm Insects >1 >1 >1 >1 

 Fruits/ pods/ seeds/ lg insects >1 >1 >1 >1 

Seeds (granivore) >1 >1 >1 >1 

c. Insects 

Acute effects on insects are calculated using the acute contact LD50 for the honey bee (120 

micrograms per bee) divided by 0.128 grams body weight, to obtain an LD50 in ppm. Exposures 

are the small insect and large insect from the TREX dietary analysis. The LD50 is then (120 

micrograms)/(0.128 grams) = 937.5 ppm. 

The table of dietary-based EECs are is in section III.3.a. The EECs range from 1233- 6727 ppm 

(small insect) and 137-747 ppm (large insect). The resulting RQ values (Table 33) are above the 

LOC for terrestrial invertebrates (0.05) for small insects for every Scenario and exceed for large 

insects for Scenario 4. 

Table 33 Terrestrial Invertebrate Contact RQ Values 

Honey Bee (EC50=938 ppm 

a.i.) 

Scenario 1 

RQ

Scenario 2 

RQ

 Scenario 3 

RQ

Scenario 4 

RQ

Small Insects 1.78 2.72 1.31 7.17 

Large Insects 0.20 0.30 0.15 0.80 

3. Non-target Terrestrial and Semi-aquatic Plants 

Table 34 through Table 36 list the terrestrial and semi-aquatic plant RQs for the maximum 

 45
application rates for siduron (12, 22, and 24 lb acre/acre) based on results from the TerrPlant v. 

1.2.1. For every application scenario, the listed and non-listed LOC is exceeded for upland and 

semi-aquatic monocots. The LOC is not exceeded for upland dicots, under any exposure 

scenario, but is exceeded for semi-aquatic dicots under every scenario. The listed and non-listed 

LOC is exceeded for semi-aquatic monocots and dicots. For spray drift, the monocot listed and 

non-listed LOC is exceeded for the 22 lbs a.i./acre application rate. Also modeled was 24 lbs 

a.i./A. While there is no label for a one time, 24 lb a.i./A application rate, it is intended to 

characterized the effects of a repeat application at 12lb a.i./A. It is reasonable to assume double 

the rate because siduron is persistent. Assuming an application of 24 lbs a.i./A, the RQ for listed 

and non-listed monocots exceeds the LOC. 

Table 34 RQ Values for Plants in Upland (dry) and Semi-Aquatic Areas Exposed to 

Siduron (Applied once at 22lb a.i./acre) Through Runoff and/or Spray Drift 

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift 

Monocot non-listed 2.20 15.40 1.22 

Monocot listed 3.47 24.32 1.38 

Dicot non-listed 0.33 2.31 0.11 

Dicot listed 0.44 3.08 0.15 

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group. 

Table 35 RQ Values for Plants in Upland (dry) and Semi-Aquatic Areas Exposed to 

Siduron (Applied once at 12lb a.i./acre) Through Runoff and/or Spray Drift 

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift 

Monocot non-listed 1.20 8.40 0.67 

Monocot listed 1.89 13.26 0.75 

Dicot non-listed 0.18 1.26 <0.1 

Dicot listed 0.24 1.68 <0.1 

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group. 

Table 36. RQ Values for Plants in Upland (dry) and Semi-Aquatic Areas Exposed to 

Siduron (Applied once at 24 lb a.i./acre) Through Runoff and/or Spray Drift 

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift 

Monocot non-listed 2.40 16.80 1.33 

Monocot listed 3.79 26.53 1.50 

Dicot non-listed 0.36 2.52 0.12 

Dicot listed 0.48 3.36 0.16 

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group. 

B. Risk Description 

The results of this screening-level risk assessment indicate that the proposed uses of siduron have 

 46
the potential for direct adverse effects for listed and non-listed freshwater algae, listed and nonlisted semi-aquatic dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants, terrestrial invertebrates and 

listed and non-listed mammals and birds. Therefore, the hypothesis (Risk Hypothesis Section 

II.D.3) [based on available information regarding volatilization, persistence, and direct and 

indirect toxicity, siduron has the potential to compromise survival and cause sub-lethal effects in 

non-target aquatic animals and plants, terrestrial mammals, birds, plants, and insects.] is 

supported. Although direct adverse effects to fish, birds and mammals from siduron are 

uncertain, and based on toxicity extrapolated from other phenylurea compounds, given the 

potential for effects on terrestrial and aquatic plant species, indirect effects to all animals are 

possible. Since plants are vital components of most habitats and ecosystems, alterations in the 

abundance of plants or in the composition of plant communities could result in adverse effects to 

non-plant species. Potential effects include, but are not limited to, reduction in food resources, 

decrease in cover (e.g., for predator avoidance), change in water parameters (e.g., increases or 

decreases in temperature and pH), and loss of breeding/nesting habitat. 

1. Risks to Aquatic Organisms 

a. Animals 

The acute RQs for aquatic fish and invertebrates ranged from 0.01 to 0.08, depending on the 

scenario modeled. Using toxicity data from other phenylureas, aquatic RQs for chronic exposure 

were calculated and all RQ values exceeded the LOC. These values may overestimate risk, as 

they are based on either the most conservative phenylurea ACR or the most conservative 

phenylurea chronic value and for data for which there were both siduron and phenylurea data, 

siduron was typically less sensitive than the phenylureas used for extrapolation. However, it is 

assumed, for the purposes of this assessment, that these values appropriately represent the 

toxicity of siduron. 

Acute 

The acute RQ values for freshwater fish exceed the listed-species LOC for Scenarios 1, 2 and 3. 

They do not exceed the LOC for Scenario 4. Based on the slope of the dose response curve, an 

RQ value of 0.06 for freshwater fish indicates a 1 in 257,000,000,000 chance of an individual 

effect. Therefore, acute exposure to siduron is not likely to adversely endangered freshwater 

fish. 

Because there were no mortality or sublethal effects at the highest treatment levels tested in 

freshwater invertebrate acute toxicity studies submitted, RQ values for acute exposure were not 

calculated in the Risk Characterization section of this assessment. Instead, the highest 

concentration EECs is found to be approximately 100 times lower than the highest concentration 

tested Therefore, direct risk to freshwater aquatic invertebrates from acute exposure to siduron 

is unlikely. 

The acute RQ (0.04) for estuarine/marine fish is below the Agency’s Level of Concern and 

therefore, siduron use is expected to pose minimal risk to estuarine and marine fish. 

 47
The acute RQ (0.08) for estuarine/marine invertebrates does exceed listed species LOC. 

However, if the slope of the dose response curve is taken into consideration, the chance of an 

individual effect is 1 in 14,300,000. Exposure to siduron is not likely to adversely affect listed 

estuarine/marine invertebrates. 

Chronic 

The chronic LOC (1) is exceeded for freshwater fish and invertebrates and estuarine/marine fish 

and invertebrates. While siduron use is not associated with a high risk to fish and aquatic 

invertebrates on an acute basis, the chronic RQ values range from 4.83 up to 107.39. The RQ 

values are higher for invertebrates than for fish. Based on the use patterns of siduron, its 

persistence in the environment and the estimated chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms, there is 

risk to aquatic organisms from chronic exposure. The RQ values may overestimate chronic risk 

because the toxicity endpoints are extrapolated from other phenylurea data, however, even if a 

smaller acute-to-chronic ratio were uses, risk would still be expected. 

Indirect 

Given the potential for effects on terrestrial and aquatic plant species associated with the use of 

siduron, indirect effects on aquatic animals are possible. 

b. Plants 

There is no evidence of siduron degradation in aquatic environments. As such, siduron was 

assumed stable in the ecological pond used to estimate aquatic exposure concentrations. Since 

the ecological pond (used in our modeling) has no outlet, there was a modeled accumulation of 

siduron in the pond throughout the 30 year simulations. In the case of persistent compounds, a 

1-in-10 year EEC does not reflect varying meteorological conditions that are expected once 

every ten years, since the yearly peaks are not independent but are actually correlated to the 

previous year’s peak concentration. This results in acute and chronic exposure concentrations 

that are very similar (i.e., < 2% difference between peak and 90-day average EECs). Estimated 

peak concentrations in the ecological pond are only high enough to result in an exceedance of the 

listed species LOC for plants after 26 years of annual applications of siduron assuming no 

dissipation whatsoever in the pond. Siduron concentrations in flowing water bodies are not 

expected to accumulate from year to year because of downstream dilution. Risk to aquatic plants 

resulting from accumulation of siduron from multiple years of application is not likely in flowing 

systems. 

The LOC for aquatic plants is exceeded for Scenarios 1,2 and 3. Additionally, the vascular 

aquatic plant RQ exceeds the LOC for Scenario 4. 

 48
2. Risks to Terrestrial Organisms 

a. Animals 

(1) Birds 

A number of EECs are higher than the highest toxicity value tested for acute effects to birds. 

Because a 10% effect is considered as the LOC ( 0.1) for listed species, it is not possible to 

dismiss the risk to birds from acute exposure to siduron. For example, the EEC for small birds 

eating short grass (Scenario 4) is over eight times greater than the highest tested value. In the 

absence of a definitive toxicity endpoint, it is necessary to assume that there are acute risks to 

listed avian species from siduron exposure. 

The avian chronic risk LOC (1 for listed and non-listed species) is exceeded for three of the four 

application scenarios. For scenarios one and two, the only exceedance is for short grass. 

Therefore, chronic risk to birds that consume mostly short grass (i.e. geese) can be presumed, 

however scenarios one, two and three are not associated with chronic risk to birds that consume 

most of their diet from sources other than short grass. The risk to birds that consume short grass 

should be carefully considered as this is a realist exposure route, given the nature of the labeled 

use sites. 

For scenario four, the RQs exceeded the chronic LOC for all of the dietary items, except Fruits/ 

pods/ seeds/ lg insects. Scenario four is a specialty application that represents a highly 

concentrated, banded application to several small, non-contiguous use areas (golf course tees and 

greens). Although this is not a broadcast application, tees and greens have the potential to 

comprise a few to several acres within a golf course. The risk from this application will be 

highest for birds that utilize golf courses for habitat or feeding. 

Therefore, direct risk to non-listed birds from acute or sub-acute exposure to siduron is possible. 

Given the potential for effects on terrestrial and aquatic plant species associated with the use of 

siduron, indirect effects on listed and non-listed avian species are possible. 

(2) Mammals 

Because there was no mortality at the highest treatment levels tested in the acute oral-exposure 

mammalian study submitted, standard RQ values for acute exposure were not calculated in the 

Risk Characterization section of this assessment. The EEC for Scenario 4, for small mammals 

that consume short grass, is the only value that is greater than the highest tested dose in acute 

mammalian toxicity tests. As with birds, it is not possible to certain that there is no risk to listed 

species (the EEC need not be greater than the LD50, but rather high enough to result in 10% 

effect). Additionally, risks are expected for Scenario 4 and for chronic exposure. 

A comparison of the estimated EEC and the highest tested concentration for acute mammalian 

toxicity results in the potential for acute effects to listed endangered wild mammas at the lowest 

application rate for small and medium sized mammals consuming short grass. Determining 

effects to listed mammals is strongly dependent on the application scenario. Therefore, direct 

risk to non-listed mammals from acute exposure to siduron cannot be dismissed. 

 49
(3) Terrestrial Invertebrates 

EFED does not currently estimate risk quotients for terrestrial non-target invertebrates. 

However, a label statement is required to protect foraging honeybees when the LD50 is < 11 

μg/bee. Based on the acute contact toxicity study to honeybees, the LD50 for siduron is 120

μg/bee. This classifies siduron as practically non-toxic to honeybees on an acute contact 

exposure basis, however, due to high application rates, the resulting EECs are expected to be 

higher than the LD50. Additionally, Section IV.A.2.c above, outlines the methodology for 

converting an LD50 value reported as μg/bee to ppm. 

Therefore, the risk for direct adverse effects to terrestrial invertebrates is possible; due to the risk 

to plants, the potential for indirect effects to terrestrial invertebrates from siduron use cannot be 

discounted. 

b. Plants 

There are numerous LOC exceedances. Given siduron’s mechanism of action for effects on 

plants and its use pattern, risk is expected for plant species 

3. Review of Incident Data 

There are no reports of ecological incidents for siduron in the EIIS (Environmental Incident 

Information System) database. 

4. Endocrine Disruption 

EPA is required under the FFDCA, as amended by FQPA, to develop a screening program to 

determine whether certain substances (including all pesticide active and other ingredients) “may 

have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturallyoccurring estrogen, or 

other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate.” Following the 

recommendations of its Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee 

(EDSTAC), EPA determined that there was scientific basis for including, as part of the program, 

the androgen- and thyroid hormone systems, in addition to the estrogen hormone system. EPA 

also adopted EDSTAC’s recommendation that the Program include evaluations of potential 

effects in wildlife. For pesticide chemicals, EPA will use FIFRA and, to the extent that effects in 

wildlife may help determine whether a substance may have an effect in humans, FFDCA 

authority to require the wildlife evaluations. As the science develops and resources allow, 

screening of additional hormone systems may be added to the Endocrine Disruptor Screening 

Program (EDSP). 

When the appropriate screening and or testing protocols being considered under the 

Agency’s Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program have been developed, siduron may be 

subjected to additional screening and or testing to better characterize effects related to endocrine 

disruption. 

 50
Based on the weight of the evidence, the following effects noted in Avian Reproduction studies 

on siduron suggest possible endocrine system related action: abnormal egg production, 

reductions in eggs laid, abnormal embryos of eggs set, and abnormal hatchlings of eggs set. 

5. Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species Concerns 

a. Action Area 

For listed species assessment purposes, the action area is considered to be the area affected 

directly or indirectly by the Federal action and not merely the immediate area involved in the 

action. At the initial screening-level, the risk assessment considers broadly described taxonomic 

groups and conservatively assumes that listed species within those broad groups are located on or 

adjacent to the treated site and aquatic organisms are assumed to be located in a surface water 

body adjacent to the treated site. The assessment also assumes that the listed species are located 

within an assumed area that has the relatively highest potential exposure to the pesticide, and that 

exposures are likely to decrease with distance from the treatment area. 

If the assumptions associated with the screening-level action area result in RQs that are below 

the listed species LOCs, a "no effect" determination conclusion is made with respect to listed 

species in that taxa, and no further refinement of the action area is necessary. Furthermore, RQs 

below the listed species LOCs for a given taxonomic group indicate no concern for indirect 

effects upon listed species that depend upon the taxonomic group covered by the RQ as a 

resource. However, in situations where the screening assumptions lead to RQs in excess of the 

listed species LOCs for a given taxonomic group, a potential for a "may affect" conclusion exists 

and may be associated with direct effects on listed species belonging to that taxonomic group or 

may extend to indirect effects upon listed species that depend upon that taxonomic group as a 

resource. In such cases, additional information on the biology of listed species, the locations of 

these species, and the locations of use sites could be considered to determine the extent to which 

screening assumptions regarding an action area apply to a particular listed organism. These 

subsequent refinement steps could consider how this information would impact the action area 

for a particular listed organism and may potentially include areas of exposure that are downwind 

and downstream of the pesticide use site. 

b. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk 

The Level I screening assessment process for listed species uses the generic taxonomic groupbased process to make inferences on direct effect concerns for listed species. The first iteration 

of reporting the results of the Level I screening is a listing of pesticide use sites and taxonomic 

groups for which RQ calculations reveal values that meet or exceed the listed species LOCs (for 

more information see, USEPA 2004). 

(1). Discussion of Risk Quotients 

Regarding listed species, the screening-level analysis shows the possibility of direct effects to 

 51
listed aquatic plants, terrestrial and semi-aquatic monocot plants, semi-aquatic dicot plants, and 

insects. Effects to birds and mammals are expected for chronic exposure but effects from acute 

exposure are uncertain. For indirect effects, all other taxa will be considered since there is a 

potential for indirect effects to taxa that might rely on plants and/or mammals for some stage of 

their life-cycle. Therefore, at this time, no Federally listed taxa can be excluded from the 

potential for direct and/or indirect effects from the proposed uses of siduron (see Table 1). 

‘Listed’ species are those which are currently on the Federal list of endangered and threatened 

wildlife and plants. 

The RQ values for freshwater fish exceed the listed-species LOC for Scenarios 1, 2 and 3. They 

do not exceed the LOC for Scenario 4. Based on the slope of the dose response curve, an RQ 

value of 0.06 for freshwater fish indicates a 1 in 257,000,000,000 chance of an individual effect. 

Therefore, acute exposure to siduron is not likely to adversely endangered freshwater fish. 

The RQ (0.08) for estuarine/marine invertebrates does exceed listed species LOC. However, if 

the slope of the dose response curve is taken into consideration, the chance of an individual 

effect is 1 in 14,300,000. Exposure to siduron is not likely to adversely affect listed 

estuarine/marine invertebrates. 

Risks to listed monocots and dicots are expected from siduron use. 

(2). Indirect Effects Analysis 

The Agency acknowledges that pesticides have the potential to exert indirect effects upon listed 

organisms by, for example, perturbing forage or prey availability, altering the extent of nesting 

habitat, and creating gaps in the food chain. In conducting a screen for indirect effects, direct 

effect LOCs for each taxonomic group are used to make inferences concerning the potential for 

indirect effects upon listed species that rely upon non-listed organisms in these taxonomic groups 

as resources critical to their life cycle. 

The Agency’s listed species LOC was exceeded for terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants, birds, 

mammals and aquatic plants. Therefore, EFED’s screening level analysis shows that the 

possibility of indirect effects from the proposed use of siduron on turf to listed species 

(generalists and obligates) that may depend on monocots, dicots and/or insects and obligates that 

rely on aquatic non-vascular plants for survival cannot be precluded. Therefore, at this time, no 

Federally-listed taxa can be excluded from the potential for direct and/or indirect effects from the 

proposed uses of siduron (see Table 1). Species-specific concerns for indirect effects to listed 

organisms will require a determination of the coincidence of siduron use with locations of listed 

species and the biologically based resources upon which they depend. 

(3). Critical Habitat 

In the evaluation of pesticide effects on designated critical habitat, consideration is given to the 

physical and biological features (constituent elements) of a critical habitat identified by the U. S. 

Fish and Wildlife and National Marine Fisheries Services (the Services) as essential to the 

conservation of a listed species and which may require special management considerations or 

 52
protection. The evaluation of impacts for a screening level pesticide risk assessment focuses on 

the biological features that are constituent elements and is accomplished using the screeninglevel taxonomic analysis (RQs) and levels of concern (LOCs) that are used to evaluate direct and 

indirect effects to listed organisms. 

The screening-level risk assessment has identified potential concerns for indirect effects on listed 

species for those organisms dependant upon plants and some terrestrial animals. In light of the 

potential for indirect effects, the next step for EPA and the Services is to identify which listed 

species and their designated critical habitat(s), if applicable, are potentially implicated. 

Analytically, the identification of such species and their critical habitat can occur by determining 

whether the action area overlaps designated critical habitat or the occupied range of any listed 

species. If so, EPA would examine whether the pesticide's potential impacts on non-listed 

species would affect the listed species indirectly, or directly affect a constituent element of the 

critical habitats. At present, the information reviewed by EPA does not permit use of this 

analytical approach to make a definitive identification of species that are potentially impacted 

indirectly or designated critical habitats that are potentially impacted directly by the proposed 

uses of siduron. 

This screening-level risk assessment for critical habitats provides a listing of potential biological 

features that, if they are constituent elements of one or more critical habitats, would be of 

potential concern. These correspond to the taxa identified above as being of potential concern 

for adverse effects. This should serve as an initial step in problem formulation for further 

assessment of designated critical habitat impacts outlined above, should additional work be 

necessary. 

6. Co-occurrence Analysis 

The goal of the analysis for co-location is to determine whether sites of pesticide use are 

geographically associated with known locations of listed species [following the convention of the 

Services, the word ‘species’ in this assessment may actually apply to a ‘species’, ‘subspecies’, or 

an Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU)]. At the screening level, this analysis is accomplished 

using the LOCATES (version 2.10.3) database. The database uses location information for listed 

species at the county level and compares it to agricultural census data (from 2002) for crop 

production at the same county level of resolution. The product is a listing of Federally-listed 

species that are located within counties known to produce the crops upon which the pesticide 

will be used, in this case turf. For direct effects, listed plants, birds, mammals, fish, invertebrates 

and insects will be considered, since they were the only taxa to have RQs above the listed species 

LOC. For indirect effects, all taxa will be considered since there is a potential for indirect effects 

to taxa that might rely on plants and/or mammals for some stage of their life-cycle. 

LOCATES identified numerous listed species that overlapped at the county-level with areas 

where sod is grown and harvested. Presently, no land use databases which include golf courses 

and residential lawns are available for this assessment. To estimate the species which will 

overlap these use sites, a list of species, by taxa, was generated, independent of crop. See 

APPENDIX H for a complete species list. 

 53
This preliminary analysis indicates that there is a potential for siduron use to overlap with listed 

species and that a more refined assessment is warranted. The more refined assessment should 

involve clear delineation of the action area associated with proposed uses of siduron and best 

available information on the temporal and spatial co-location of listed species with respect to the 

action area. This analysis has not been conducted for this assessment. 

C. Assumptions, and Limitations, All Taxa 

There is significant uncertainty associated with risk determination for birds for two major 

reasons. The first major uncertainty is that the maximum allowable a.i. allowed per year or 

season is not specified on any label. The scenarios were modeled based on expected or typical 

use patterns. It is possible that siduron may be applied more than twice per year, as the number 

of applications is not specified. The second uncertainty lies in the avian toxicity data available 

for this assessment. 

1. Assumptions and Limitations Related to Exposure for Aquatic 

Species 

a. Lack of Averaging Time for Exposure 

For an acute risk assessment, there is no averaging time for exposure. An instantaneous peak 

concentration, with a 1 in 10 year return frequency, is assumed. The use of the instantaneous 

peak assumes that instantaneous exposure is of sufficient duration to elicit acute effects 

comparable to those observed over more protracted exposure periods tested in the laboratory, 

typically 48 to 96 hours. In the absence of data regarding time-to-toxic event analyses and latent 

responses to instantaneous exposure, the degree to which risk is overestimated cannot be 

quantified. 

b. Routes of exposure 

Screening-level risk assessments of pesticide application for aquatic organisms consider 

exposure primarily through the gills and integument. The dietary ingestion route was not 

directly assessed. For water soluble, rapidly metabolizable test materials with low 

bioconcentration potential exposure from the dietary route will beinsignificant to uptake through 

the gill and intebument. 

2. Assumptions and Limitations Related to Exposure for Terrestrial 

Species 

a. The Use of Developmental Study in Lieu of Reproductive Study 

A developmental is a short-term study, conducted during a critical window during mammalian 

gestation. The endpoints for developmental tests are an evaluation of how exposure during 

 54
pregnancy affects fetal development, whereas a reproductive study is testing multigenerational 

effects (i.e., Even upon normal fetal development, are the young able to reproduce?). 

b. Incidental Pesticide Releases Associated with Use 

This risk assessment is based on the assumption that the entire treatment area is subject to 

siduron application at the rates specified on the labels. In reality, there is the potential for 

uneven application of the pesticide through such plausible incidents as changes in calibration of 

application equipment, spillage, and localized releases. 

3. Assumptions and Limitations Related to Effects Assessment 

a. Age class and sensitivity of effects thresholds 

It is generally recognized that test organism age may have a significant impact on the observed 

sensitivity to a toxicant. The acute toxicity data for fish are collected on juvenile fish between 

0.1 and 5 grams. Aquatic invertebrate acute testing is performed on recommended immature age 

classes (e.g., first instar for daphnids, second instar for amphipods, stoneflies, mayflies, and third 

instar for midges). 

Testing of juveniles may overestimate toxicity at older age classes for pesticide active 

ingredients, such as siduron, that act directly without metabolic transformation because younger 

age classes may not have the enzymatic systems associated with detoxifying xenobiotics. In so 

far as the available toxicity data may provide ranges of sensitivity information with respect to 

age class, this assessment uses the most sensitive life-stage information as measures of effect for 

surrogate aquatic animals. 

b. Use of the Most Sensitive Species Tested 

Although the screening-level risk assessment relies on a selected toxicity endpoint from the most 

sensitive species tested, it does not necessarily mean that the selected toxicity endpoints reflect 

sensitivity of the most sensitive species existing in a given environment. The relative position of 

the most sensitive species tested in the distribution of all possible species is a function of the 

overall variability among species to a particular chemical. In the case of listed species, there is 

uncertainty regarding the relationship of the listed species’ sensitivity and the most sensitive 

species tested. 

The Agency is not limited to a base set of surrogate toxicity information in establishing risk 

assessment conclusions. The Agency also considers toxicity data on non-standard test species 

when available. 

 55
4. Assumptions Associated with the Acute LOCs 

The risk characterization section of this assessment includes an evaluation of the potential for 

individual effects. The individual effects probability associated with the acute RQ is based on 

the mean estimate of the slope and an assumption of a probit dose response relationship for the 

effects study corresponding to the taxonomic group for which the LOCs are exceeded. 

D. Description of Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps 

A source of uncertainty is the nature of the unextractable residues formed during siduron 

degradation in soils. In aerobic soil metabolism studies unextractable residues were identified at 

maximums of 11.8% to 16.5% of applied radioactivity in the two soils tested. The unextractable 

residues are uncharacterized and it is uncertain whether they consist of degradates of risk 

concern. Under sterile conditions these unextractable residues were not formed suggesting that 

the formation of them is microbially mediated. Aerobic soil metabolism half-lives were 

estimated based on parent concentrations alone (excluding unextractable residues). To the extent 

that these unextractable residues are of risk concern, the estimated half-lives will be 

underestimated compared to a total toxic residue approach for estimating half-lives. However, 

given the persistence of siduron parent only, a total toxic residue approach for calculating 

aerobic soil metabolism half-life would not impact PRZM/EXAMS modeled EECs appreciably. 

The ecological pond modeled with EXAMS is a static water body of fixed volume with no 

outlet. Since siduron is persistent in aquatic environments and since the ecological pond has no 

outlet, there was a modeled accumulation of siduron in the pond throughout the 30 year 

simulations. Exposure endpoints, in this assessment, are based on yearly peak concentrations. In 

the case of persistent compounds, a 1-in-10 year EEC does not reflect varying meteorological 

conditions that are expected once every 10 years, since the yearly peaks are not independent but 

are actually correlated to the previous year’s peak concentration. Estimated peak concentrations 

in the ecological pond are only high enough to result in an exceedance of the listed species LOC 

for vascular plants after 26 years of annual applications of siduron assuming no dissipation 

whatsoever in the pond (APPENDIX C). Siduron concentrations in flowing water bodies are not 

expected to accumulate from year to year because of downstream dilution. Risk to aquatic plants 

resulting from accumulation of siduron from multiple years of application is not likely in flowing 

systems. 

1. Environmental Fate Information Gaps 

All fate data requirements for the parent were fulfilled (Appendix X). While additional fate 

information on degradates identified in laboratory studies are desirable to provide a more 

accurate understanding of the long-term exposure of the pesticide and its degradates, this 

information is unlikely to change the current risk conclusions. 

 56
2. Ecotoxicity Data Gaps 

There are no submitted or open literature chronic toxicity studies for fish or aquatic invertebrate. 

Additionally, there is no acceptable 2-generation reproduction study for mammals. Data on 

vegetative vigor and aquatic vascular plants are not available. 

 57
V. References 

Cohen, S.Z., Creeger, S.M., Carsel, R.F., Enfield, C.G. (1984). In “Treatment and Disposal of Pesticide 

Wastes;” Krueger, R.F., Seiber, J.N., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series No. 259, American Chemical 

Society: Washington, DC; pp. 297-325. 

Fletcher, J.S., J.E. Nellessen, and T.G. Pfleeger. (1994). Literature review and evaluation of the EPA 

food-chain (Kenaga) nomogram, an instrument for estimating pesticide residues on plants. 

Environ. Tox. Chem. 13:1383-1391. 

Hoerger, F., and E.E. Kenaga. (1972). Pesticide residues on plants: Correlation of representative data as 

a basis for estimation of their magnitude in the environment. In F. Coulston and F. Korte, eds., 

Environmental Quality and Safety: Chemistry, Toxicology, and Technology, George Thieme 

Publ, Stuttgart, West Germany, pp. 9-28. 

Purdue University. 2002. Herbicide Action: An intense course on activity, selectivity, behavior 

and fate of herbicides in plants and the environment. (Seminar Handbook). Dept of 

Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Agronomy, Botany and Plant Pathology, and 

Forestry and Natural Resources. West Lafayette, Indiana.) 

Urban, D.J., and N.J. Cook. (1986). Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation Procedure 

Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA 540/9-85-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office 

of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC. 

USEPA. (2006). Water Models. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticides: Science and Policy. 

Last updated May 2, 2006. Online at: http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/. 

USEPA. (2004). Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide 

Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic 

Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, DC. January 23, 2004. 

USEPA. 2002. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and 

Transport of Pesticides. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides 

and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. 

Feb. 28, 2002. Online at: 

http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/input_guidance2_28_02.htm/. 

USEPA. (1998). Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment, Final. EPA/63 OR-95/002F. Risk 

Assessment Forum, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 

 58
Environmental Fate Bibliography 

MRID: 42159601 

Atkins, R.H., and A.L. Kesterson. 1991. Aerobic metabolism of 

[14c]siduron in silt loam soil. PTRL Report No. 1397; PTRL Project No. 431; Landis Protocol 

No. 1621-90-100-03-28D-04D;u Pont Report No. AMR- 1791-90. Unpublished study performed 

by Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Inc. (PTRL-East), Richmond, KY; 

prepared by PTRLEast, Richmond, KY, and Landis International, Inc., Valdosta, GA; and 

submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE. 

MRID: 93201022 

Rhoades, B.C. 1990. Phase 3 summary of MRID No. 41050501: Hydrolysis of '*c-siduron in pH 

5, 7, and 9 buffer solutions. Laboratory Study ID AMR-1280-88. Unpublished study performed 

and submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Agricultural Products Department, 

Wilmington, 

DE. 

MRID: 43846701 

Atkins, R.H. 1998. Aerobic metabolism of methylcyclodexyl 14C siduron in sandy loam. PTRL 

Report No. 840; PTRL Project No. 7851; Unpublished study performed by PTRLEast, 

Richmond, KY; and submitted by GOWAM Compay, Yuma, AZ. 

MRID: 41811302 

Estigoy, L., and K. Shepler. 1990a. Photodegradation of [14cphenyl(U) ] siduron in/dn soil by 

natural sunlight. PTRL Report No.218W-1; PTRL Project No. 218W; Landis Protocol No. 1613-

90-100-03-285-02; Du Pont Project No. AMR-1790-90. Unpublished study performed by 

Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Inc. (PTRL-West), Richmond, CA; 

prepared by PTRL-West, Richmond, CA, and Landis International, Inc., Valdosta, GA; and 

submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE. 

MRID: 41811301 

Estigoy, L. , and K. Shepler. 1990b. Sunlight hotodegradation of [14cphenyl(U)]siduron in a 

buffered aqueous solution at pH 7 by natural sunlight. PTRL Report No. 217W-1; PTRL Project 

No. 217W; Landis Protocol No. 1612-90-100-03-28B-01D;u Pont Project No. AMR-1789-90. 

Unpublished study performed by Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Inc. 

(PTRL-West), Richmond, CA; prepared by PTRL-West, Richmond, CA, and Landis 

International, Inc., Valdosta, GA; and submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Inc., 

Wilmington, DE. 

MRID: 41811305 

Fackler, P.H. 1990. Siduron - bioconcentration and elimination of 14cresidues by bluegill 

(Levomis macrochirus). Landis Protocol No. 1654-89-100-03-19G-10;L aboratory Study No. 

10934-0190-6121-140;L aboratory Report No. 90-8-3415. Unpublished study performed 

Springborn 

 59
Laboratories, Inc., Wareham, MA; prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc., Wareham, MA, 

and Landis International Inc, Valdosta GA; and submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and 

Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE 

MRID: 41811303 

Kesterson, A. 1991. Soil adsorption/desorption of [phenyl(U)-14c] siduron by the batch 

equilibrium method. PTRL Report No. 1290; PTRL Project No. 430; Landis Protocol No. 1631-

90-100-03-28K-03D;u Pont Project No. AMR-1787-90. Unpublished study performed by 

Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory Inc. (PTRL-East), Lexington, KY, and 

Landis International, Inc., Valdosta, GA; and submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and 

Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE. 

MRID: 41811304 

Priester, T .M. , and G.D. Sheftic. 1991. Soil mobility of [14cs] iduron as indicated by soil thinlayer chromatography. Du Pont Report No. AMR-1892-90. Unpublished study performed and 

submitted by E.I. du PQnt de Nemours and Company, Du Pont Agricultural Products 

Department, Wilmington, DE. 

MRID: 41618201 

Rhodes , B. C. 1990. Anaerobic metabolism of [14c] siduron. Laboratory Project ID No. AMR1520-89. Unpublished study performed and submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and 

Company, Inc., Wilrnington, DE. 

MRID: 42375301 

Estigoy, L. , and K. Shepler. 1991a. Photodegradation of [14cmethyl]siduron in a buffered 

aqueous solution at pH 7 by natural sunlight. PTRL Report No. 242W-1; PTRL Project No. 

242W; Landis Protocol No. 1612-89-100-03-28B-03D;u Pont Report No. AMR-1789-90. 

Unpublished study performed by Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Inc. 

(PTRL), Richmond, CA; prepared by PTRL, Richmond, CA, 

and Landis International, Inc., Valdosta, GA; and submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and 

Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE. 

MRID: 42375302 

Estigoy, L., and K. Shepler. 1991b. Photodegradation of [14cmethyl]siduron in/on soil by natural 

sunlight. PTRL-West Report No. 220W-1). PTRL Project No. 220W; Landis Protocol No. 1612-

89-100-03-285-04; DuPont Report No. AMR-1790-90. Unpublished study performed by 

Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Inc. (PTRL), Richmond, CA; prepared by 

PTRL, Richmond, CA, and Landis International, Inc., Valdosta, GA; and submitted by E.I. du 

Pont de Nemours and Company, 

Inc., Wilmington, DE. - 

 60
MRID: 42535801 

Silvoy, J.J. 1992. T e r r e s t r i a l f i e l d dissipation of LX1100-03 (siduron) 

appl i ed t o cool -season t u r f and bare ground i n Cal i f o r n i a and W i sconsi n . Du Pont 

Study No. AMR 1792-90. Landis Protocol Nos. 1641-89-100-03-24A-06 and 1641-89- 100-03-

24A-07. PTRL-West Study No. 270W. Unpubl ished study performed by Research For Hi re, 

Portervi 11 e, CA ( f i e l d cooperator) ; AGSTAT, Verona, W I ( f i e l d cooperator) ; and 

PTRL-West , Richmond, CA (analytical 1 abnratory) . The study was prepared by Landis 

International, Inc., Valdosta, GA, and submitted by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, W i 

lmington, DE. 

MRID: 42159602 

Silvoy, J.J. 1991. Terrestrial field dissipation of LX100 LX1100-03 (Siduron 50WP) applied to 

cool-season turf and bare ground in California and Wisconsin (Interim report). Project ID Du 

Pont Study No. AMR 1792-90; Landis Protocol Nos. 1641-89-100-03-24A-06, and 1641-89-

100-03-24A-07; and PTRL-West Study No. 270W. Unpublished study performed and submitted 

by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Du Pont Agricultural Products,Wilmington, DE. 

 61
APPENDIX A: ECOTOX Results 

Test 

Species 

Test 

Material 

Response 

Measure 

Value # Test 

Treatment 

Levels 

Exposure

Type 

pH Hardness Org 

Matter 

Reference 

Fathead 

Minnow 

(Pimephales 

promelas

>99% a.i. Lethality 96-h NRZero: 

65 uM 

5 Renewal NR NR NR #60040: 

Newman 

et al. 2001 

Test 

Species 

Test 

Material 

Response 

Measure 

Value # Test 

Treatment 

Levels 

Exposure

Type 

pH Hardness Org 

Matter 

Reference 

Fathead 

Minnow 

(Pimephales 

promelas

>99% a.i. Biochemistry, 

enzyme 

epoxide 

hydrase 

96-h EC50

28 uM 

5 Renewal NR NR NR #60040 

Newman 

et al. 2001 

Test Species Test 

Material 

Response 

Measure 

Value # Test 

Treatment 

Levels 

Exposure

Type 

Reference 

Tall fescue 

(Lolium 

arundinaceium) 

Formulation Population 

Abundance 

NOAEL 

6.0 lb/A 

(6.7 kg/ha)

1 Field 

Study, 

spray 

#87930 

SIDURON AND DEGRADATES 

Papers that Were Accepted for ECOTOX 

Acceptable for ECOTOX and OPP but were not used to quantitate risk

 1. Bovey, R. W. and Voigt, P. W. (1983). Tolerance of Weeping Lovegrass Cultivars to Herbicides. Crop Sci. 23: 

364-368. EcoReference No.: 25364 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID,ATZ),OK(ALL CHEMS).; This 

efficacy study is not relevant to this assessment 

2. Jordan, L. S., Zurgiyah, A. A., Demar, A. R., and Clerx, W. A. (1975). Metabolism of Siduron in Kentucky 

Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). J Agr Food 23: 286-290. EcoReference No.: 26117 Rejection Code: 

TARGET(SID). This efficacy study is not relevant to this assessment 

3. Lewis, W. M. and Gilbert, W. B. (1966). The Effect of Siduron on Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control on the 

Establishment of Five Warm-Season and Three Cool-Season Turfgrasses. Proc.South.Weed Conf. 19: 

150-154. EcoReference No.: 80524 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID). This efficacy study is not 

relevant to this assessment 

 . Mazur, A. R., Jagschitz, J. A., and Skogley, C. R. (1969). Bioassays for Bensulide, DCPA, and Siduron in 

Turfgrass. Weed Sci. 17: 31-34. EcoReference No.: 80994 

 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID,BS). Enpoints not relevant 

5. McElroy, J. S. and Breeden, G. K. (2006). Tall Fescue Seedling Tolerance to Carfentrazone, Bromoxynil, 

Quinclorac, and Siduron. Hortscience 41: 252-254.EcoReference No.: 87930 

 Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(SID),OK(ALL CHEMS). This efficacy study is not relevant to 

this assessment 

 62
 6. Moshier, L., Turgeon, A. J., and Penner, D. (1976). Effects of Glyphosate and Siduron on Turfgrass 

Establishment. Weed Sci. 24: 445-448.EcoReference No.: 41108 

 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID,GYP). This efficacy study is not relevant to this assessment 

7. Newman, J. W., Denton, D. L., Morisseau, C., Koger, C. S., Wheelock, C. E., Hinton, D. E., and Hammock, B. 

D. (2001). Evaluation of Fish Models of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition. Environ.Health 

Perspect. 109: 61-66. EcoReference No.: 60040 

 Rejection Code: LITE EVAL CODED(SID),OK(DU),NO IN 

VITRO(MTL,FYC,CPP,DFZ,CYC,TBC). In vitro studies. Effects considered and incoporated in 

assessment 

8. Ramon de Mur, A. (1971). Effect of Several Environmental Factors on the Toxicity of the Herbicide Siduron 

and Mechanism of Its Action. Ph.D.Thesis, Univ.of California, Riverside, CA 103 p. EcoReference 

No.: 53402 

 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID). This efficacy study is not relevant to this assessment 

9. Splittoesser, W. E. and Hopen, H. J. (1967). Response of Bentgrass to Siduron. Weed Sci. 15: 82-83. 

EcoReference No.: 80854 

 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID). This efficacy study is not relevant to this assessment 

10. Splittstoesser, W. E. and Hopen, H. J. (1970). Root Growth Inhibition by Siduron and Its Relief by Kinetin. 

Physiol.Plant 23: 964-970.EcoReference No.: 25536 

 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID). This efficacy study is not relevant to this assessment 

11. Torello, W. A. and Jagschitz, J. A. (1979). Crabgrass Control in Turfgrass Using Preemergent Herbicides and 

Surfactants. Proc.Northeast.Weed Sci.Soc. 33: 297-302. EcoReference No.: 25887 

 Rejection Code: TARGET(SID,BS),NO ENDPOINT,NO STATS(BS,BTL,DCPA,ODZ). This 

efficacy study is not relevant to this assessment 

Acceptable for ECOTOX but not OPP

 1. Bingham, S. W. (1966). Influence of Herbicides on Root Development of Bermudagrass. Weeds 14: 363-365. 

EcoReference No.: 41607 

Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(SID,BS,DBN). 

2. Coville, C. M. and Jagschitz, J. A. (1976). Herbicides for Preemergence Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control in 

Turfgrass--1975. Proc.Northeast.Weed Sci.Soc. 30: 367-371. EcoReference No.: 40806 

Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(SID,BS,EFS). 

3. Jagschitz, J. A. (1971). Preemergence Crabgrass and Goosegrass Control in Turfgrass with Herbicides. 

Proc.Northeast.Weed Sci.Soc. 26: 205-210. EcoReference No.: 41913 

 Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(SID,BS,TBC). 

4. Jones, K. H., Sanderson, D. M., and Noakes, D. N. (1968). Acute Toxicity Data for Pesticides (1968). World 

Rev.Pest Control 7: 135-143. EcoReference No.: 70074 

Rejection Code: NO PUBL. 

 5. Laval-Martin, D., Grizeau, D., and Calvayrac, R. (1983). Characterization of Diuron-Resistant Euglena: 

Greater Tolerance for Various Phenylurea Herbicides and Increased Sensitivity of Thylakoids to Ethyls-Dipropyl Thiocarbamate. Plant Sci.Lett. 29: 155-167.EcoReference No.: 89462 

Rejection Code: NO CONTROL,NO ENDPOINT(SID,DU,ATZ,EPTC). 

 6. Newman, J. W., Denton, D. L., Morisseau, C., Koger, C. S., Wheelock, C. E., Hinton, D. E., and Hammock, B. 

D. (2001). Evaluation of Fish Models of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition. Environ.Health 

Perspect. 109: 61-66. EcoReference No.: 60040 Used qualitatively. 

 63
 7. Nishiuchi, Y. (1972). Toxicity of Pesticides to Some Water Organisms. Bull.Agric.Chem.Insp.Stn.(Noyaku 

Kensasho Hokoku) 12: 122-128 (JPN) (ENG TRANSL). EcoReference No.: 10258 

Rejection Code: NO CONTROL(ALL CHEMS). 

 8. Pennucci, A. and Jagschitz, J. A. (1984). Preemergent Herbicides for Crabgrass and Psurge Control in Lawn 

Turf. Proc.Northeast.Weed Sci.Soc. 38: 265-270. EcoReference No.: 44111 

Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(SID,BS,FO,EFS,NPP). 

 9. Valencia, R. (1977). Mutagenesis Screening of Pesticides Drosophila. EPA Rep.68-01-2474 70 p.

 EcoReference No.: 90924 

 Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS). 

 

10. Waters, M. D., Sandhu, S. S., Simmon, V. F., Mortelmans, K. E., Mitchell, A. D., Jorgenson, T. A., Jones, D. C. 

L., Valencia, R., and Garrett, N. E. (1982). Study of Pesticide Genotoxicity. Basic Life Sci. 21: 275-

326. EcoReference No.: 89613 

Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT(ALL CHEMS). 

11. Watschke, T. L. and Welterlen, M. S. (1979). Crabgrass (Digitaria Ischaemum) Control with Single and Split 

Applications of Preemergence Herbicides. Proc.Northeast.Weed Sci.Soc. 33: 256-261.EcoReference 

No.: 41402 

Rejection Code: NO ENDPOINT,CONTROL(SID,BS). 

 64
SIDURON AND DEGRADATES 

Papers that Were Excluded from ECOTOX 

 1. 1970). 1986. Siduron Metabolism Revealed: Belasco, I. J. & Reiser, R. W. (1969). Metabolic Fate of Siduron 

in the Animal. J. Agric. Fd Chem. 17, 1000. Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 8: 466. 

Rejection Code: ABSTRACT. 

 2. 2001). Guidelines establishing test procedures for the analysis of pollutants under the Clean Water act; 

national primary drinking water regulations; and national secondary drinking water regulations; 

methods update. Federal Register 66: 3466-3497. 

Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

 3. 1992). Pesticide chemicals manufacturing category effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, 

and new source performance standards. Federal Register 57: 12560-601. 

Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

 4. 1992). Pesticide chemicals manufacturing category effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, 

and new source performance standards. Federal Register 57: 12560-601. 

Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

 5. 1990). Use of Mouse Liver Tumor Data in Risk Assessments Performed by the Usa Epa Au - Beal Dd.

Stevenson, d. E., Et al. (Ed.). Progress in clinical and biological research, vol. 331. Mouse liver 

carcinogenesis: mechanisms and species comparisons Symposium, austin, texas, usa, november 30-

december 3, 1988. Xix+444p. Wiley-liss, new york, new york, usa. Illus. Isbn 0-471-56695-0.; 0: 5-

18. 

Rejection Code: MODELING. 

 6. Adelstein, D. J., Sharan, V. M., Damm, C., Earle, A. S., Shah, A. C., Haria, C. D., Trey, J. E., Carter, S. G., 

and Hines, J. D. ( Concurrent Radiation Therapy, 5-Fluorouracil, and Cisplatin for Stage Ii, Iii, and 

Iv, Node-Negative, Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer. Results and Surgical Implications.

Cancer. 1992, dec 1; 70(11):2685-90. [Cancer]: Cancer . 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 7. Akinmade, A. O. and Nicholson, J. W. (1995). Effect of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Bond Strength of a 

Zinc Polycarboxylate Dental Cement. Biomaterials 16: 149-154. 

Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

 8. Alikhanidi, Sokratis and Takahashi, Yoshimasa (2004). Pesticide persistence in the environment - collected 

data and structure-based analysis. Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 3: 59-70. 

Rejection Code: SURVEY. 

 9. Alikhanidi, Sokratis and Takahashi, Yoshimasa (2004). Pesticide persistence in the environment - collected 

data and structure-based analysis. Journal of Computer Chemistry, Japan 3: 59-70. 

Rejection Code: FATE. 

 10. Anon (1978). Herbicide. Research Disclosure 167: 18. 

Rejection Code: ABSTRACT. 

 11. Arnold, Donald R., Connor, Dennis A., McManus, Kimberly A., Bakshi, Pradip K., and Cameron, T. Stanley 

(1996). Radical ions in photochemistry. 38. The photochemical nucleophile-olefin combination, 

aromatic substitution (photo-NOCAS) reaction. Part 11: Involving (R)-(+)-a-terpineol and (R)-(+)-

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limonene, substituting on 1,4-dicyanobenzene. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74: 602-612. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 12. Ashton, F. M. and Monaco, T. J. (1991). Weed Science Principles and Practices Third Edition. Ashton, f. M. 

And t. J. Monaco. Weed science: principles and practices, third edition. Ix+466p. John wiley and 

sons, inc.: New york, new york, usa Chichester, england, uk. Illus. Isbn 0-471-60084-9.; 0: Ix+466p. 

Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

 13. Atkinson, Richard F., Balko, Terry W., Westman, Timothy R., Sypniewski, George C., Carmody, Mary 

Anne, Pauler, Charles T., Schade, Carol L., Coulter, Douglas E., Pham, Hien T., and et al (1981). 

Formation of olefins in the pyrolysis of N,N-disubstituted carbamates. Journal of Organic 

Chemistry 46: 2804-6. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 14. Augsburger, M., DonzÉ, N, MÉ, NÉ, Trey, A., Brossard, C., Sporkert, F., Giroud, C., 

and Mangin, P. ( Concentration of Drugs in Blood of Suspected Impaired Drivers. Forensic sci int. 

2005, oct 4; 153(1):11-5. [Forensic science international]: Forensic Sci Int. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 15. Ayano, Eri, Kanazawa, Hideko, Ando, Masanori, and Nishimura, Tetsuji (2004). Determination and 

quantitation of sulfonylurea and urea herbicides in water samples using liquid chromatography with 

electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. Analytica Chimica Acta 507: 211-218. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 16. Ayano, Eri, Kanazawa, Hideko, Ando, Masanori, and Nishimura, Tetsuji (2004). Determination and 

quantitation of sulfonylurea and urea herbicides in water samples using liquid chromatography with 

electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection. Analytica Chimica Acta 507: 211-218. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 17. Ayano, Eri, Okada, Yuji, Sakamoto, Chikako, Kanazawa, Hideko, Okano, Teruo, Ando, Masanori, and 

Nishimura, Tetsuji (2005). Analysis of herbicides in water using temperature-responsive 

chromatography and an aqueous mobile phase. Journal of Chromatography, A 1069: 281-285. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 18. Baas, J. M. A. and Wepster, B. M (1972). Nitration of monoalkylbenzenes. Conformational analysis and 

steric hindrance. III. Sec-cycloalkylbenzenes. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 91: 

285-95. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 19. Babior, B. M. and Trey, C. ( Drug Hepatitis. Int anesthesiol clin. 1970 (summer); 8(2):329-42. [International 

anesthesiology clinics]: Int Anesthesiol Clin. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 20. Baer, H H and Breton, R L (1991). Synthesis of alkyl [(alkyl 6-deoxy-alpha-D-gluco-heptopyranosyluronate) 6-deoxy-alpha-D-gluco-heptopyranosid]uronates, a novel type of mirror pseudo cord factor.

Carbohydrate Research 209: 181-189. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 21. Baer, Hans H. and Breton, Roger L. (1991). Synthesis of alkyl [(alkyl 6-deoxy-[alpha]--glucoheptopyranosyl-uronate) 6-deoxy-[alpha]--gluco-heptopyranosid]uronates, a novel type of mirror 

pseudo cord factor. Carbohydrate Research 209: 181-189. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 22. Bassett, Margarita V., Wendelken, Steve C., Dattilio, Teri A., Pepich, Barry V., and Munch, David J (2002). 

The Application of Tris Buffer and Copper Sulfate for the Preservation of Phenylurea Pesticides 

 66
Analyzed Using U.S. EPA Method 532 in the UCMR Survey. Environmental Science and 

Technology 36: 1809-1814. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 23. Behymer, T. D., Bellar, T. A., Ho, J. S., and Budde, W. L (1990). Development of analytical methods for 

non-volatiles using liquid chromatography/particle beam/ mass spectrometry. Organohalogen 

Compounds 2: 99-102. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 24. Behymer, Thomas D., Bellar, Thomas A., and Budde, William L (1990). Liquid chromatography/particle 

beam/mass spectrometry of polar compounds of environmental interest. Analytical Chemistry 62: 

1686-90. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 25. Belasco, I. J. and Langsdorf, W. P (1969). Synthesis of carbon-14 labeled siduron and its fate in soil. Journal 

of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 17: 1004-7. 

Rejection Code: METABOLISM. 

 26. Belasco, I. J. and Reiser, R. W. (1969). Metabolic Fate of Siduron in the Animal. J.Agric.Food Chem. 17: 

1000-1003. 

Rejection Code: FATE. 

 27. Bellar, T. A. and Budde, W. L. (1988). Determination of Nonvolatile Organic Compounds in Aqueous 

Environmental Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal chem 60: 2076-

2083. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 28. Bellar, Thomas A., Behymer, Thomas D., and Budde, William L (1990). Investigation of enhanced ion 

abundances from a carrier process in high-performance liquid chromatography particle-beam mass 

spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 1: 92-8. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 29. Bellar, Thomas A. and Budde, William L (1988). Determination of nonvolatile organic compounds in 

aqueous environmental samples using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Analytical 

Chemistry 60: 2076-83. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 30. Bellar, Thomas A., Budde, William L., and Kryak, David D (1994). Investigation of the effect of a dc glow 

discharge on the performance of a particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry interface.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 5: 908-12. 

Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

 31. Berger, Terry A (1994). Separation of phenylurea herbicides by packed column supercritical fluid 

chromatography. Journal of Chromatographic Science 32: 25-9. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 32. Berlin, K. Darrell, Morgan, John G., Peterson, Melbert E., and Pivonka, W. C (1969). Mechanism of 

decomposition of alkyl diphenylphosphinates. Journal of Organic Chemistry 34: 1266-71. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 33. Bern, M. M., Mcdermott, W. Jr, Cady, B., Oberfield, R. A., Trey, C., Clouse, M. E., Tullis, J. L., and Parker, 

L. M. ( Intraaterial Hepatic Infusion and Intravenous Adriamycin for Treatment of Hepatocellular 

Carcinoma: a Clinical and Pharmacology Report. Cancer. 1978, aug; 42(2):399-405. [Cancer]: 

Cancer. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 67
 34. Bernath, G., Csokasi, E., Hever, I., Gera, L., and Kovacs, K (1971). Stereochemical studies. IX. Cyclic 

aminoalcohols and related compounds. III. Synthesis of some N-acylaminomethylcyclopentane and 

cyclohexane derivatives and related compounds. Acta Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae

70: 271-82. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 35. Bernath, G., Kovacs, K., and Lang, K. L (1968). N->O acyl migration in cis- and trans-2-

aminomethylcyclohexanol and cis- and trans-2-hydroxymethylcyclohexylamine derivatives.

Tetrahedron Letters 2713-16. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 36. Bernath, G., Lang, K. L., and Kovacs, K (1972). Stereochemical studies. XVI. Cyclic aminoalcohols and 

related compounds. VIII. Examination of the Hammett relation in the nitrogen oxygen acyl 

migration of cis- and trans-2-aminomethylcyclohexanol and cis- and trans-2-

hydroxymethylcyclohexylamine derivatives. Acta Physica et Chemica 18: 227-38. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 37. Bernath, Gabor, Kovacs, Kalman, and Lang, Korneli L (1970). Stereochemical studies. VII. Cyclic 

aminoalcohols and related compounds. I. Stereospecific synthesis of cis- and trans-2-aminomethylcyclohexanol and cis- and trans-2-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl-amine. Acta Chimica Academiae 

Scientiarum Hungaricae 64: 183-97. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 38. Bernath, Gabor, Kovacs, Kalman, and Lang, Kornelia L (1970). Stereochemical studies. VIII. Cyclic 

aminoalcohols and related compounds. II. N.far.O acyl migrations in cis- and trans-2-

aminomethylcyclohexanol and cis- and trans-2-hydroxymethylcyclohexylamine derivatives. Acta 

Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 65: 347-66. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 39. Bianco, Armandodoriano, Bonadies, Francesco, Napolitano, Raffaella, and Ortaggi, Giancarlo (2004). 

Synthesis of urethanes by a modified Curtius reaction with alcohols. Organic Preparations and 

Procedures International 36: 141-149. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 40. Blaha, K. and Rudinger, J (1965). Amino acids and peptides. XLVIII. Rates of fission of some 

cycloalkyloxycarbonylglycines with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid. Collection of Czechoslovak 

Chemical Communications 30: 599-604. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 41. Blein, Jean Pierre (1981). Action of some herbicides on growth, respiration, plasmalemma integrity, and 

proton extrusion of Acer pseudoplatanus cells. I. Substituted ureas. Pesticide Biochemistry and 

Physiology 16: 179-86. 

Rejection Code: IN VITRO. 

 42. Boden, P. R. , Higginbottom, M., Hill, D. R., Horwell, D. C., Hughes, J., Rees, D. C., Roberts, E., Singh, L., 

Suman-Chauhan, N., and Woodruff, G. N (1993). Cholecystokinin dipeptoid antagonists: design, 

synthesis, and anxiolytic profile of some novel CCK-A and CCK-B selective and mixed CCKA/CCK-B antagonists. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 36: 552-65. 

Rejection Code: IN VITRO. 

 43. Bollag, Jean M. and Henninger, Nancy M (1976). Influence of pesticides on denitrification in soil and with an 

isolated bacterium. Journal of Environmental Quality 5: 15-18. 

Rejection Code: BACTERIA. 

 44. Bollag, Jean M. and Nash, Cheryl L (1974). Effect of chemical structure of phenylureas and anilines on the 

 68
denitrification process. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 12: 241-8. 

Rejection Code: BACTERIA. 

 45. Bon, K., LantÉ, Ri-Minet, M., De Pommery, J., Michiels, J. F., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( 

Cyclophosphamide Cystitis as a Model of Visceral Pain in Rats: Minor Effects at Mesodiencephalic 

Levels as Revealed by the Expression of C-Fos, With a Note on Krox-24. Exp brain res. 1997, feb; 

113(2):249-64. [Experimental brain research. Experimentelle hirnforschung. Experimentation 

cerebrale]: Exp Brain Res. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 46. Bon, K., LantÉ, Ri-Minet, M., De Pommery, J., Michiels, J. F., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( 

Cyclophosphamide Cystitis as a Model of Visceral Pain in Rats. A Survey of Hindbrain Structures 

Involved in Visceroception and Nociception Using the Expression of C-Fos and Krox-24 Proteins.

Exp brain res. 1996, mar; 108(3):404-16. [Experimental brain research. Experimentelle 

hirnforschung. Experimentation cerebrale]: Exp Brain Res. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 47. Bon, K., LantÉ, Ri-Minet, M., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( Involvement of the Dorsal Paratrigeminal 

Nucleus in Visceral Pain-Related Phenomena. C r acad sci iii. 1997, aug; 320(8):607-13. [Comptes 

rendus de l'academie des sciences. Serie iii, sciences de la vie]: C R Acad Sci III. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 48. Bon, K., LantÉ, Ri-Minet, M., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( Involvement of the Dorsal Paratrigeminal 

Nucleus in Visceral Pain-Related Phenomena (NOT DUPLICATE). C r acad sci iii. 1997, jul; 

320(7):533-9. [Comptes rendus de l'academie des sciences. Serie iii, sciences de la vie]: C R Acad 

Sci III. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 49. Bon, K., LantÉ, Ri-Minet, M., MenÉ, Trey, D., and Berkley, K. J. ( Sex, Time-of-Day and 

Estrous Variations in Behavioral and Bladder Histological Consequences of CyclophosphamideInduced Cystitis in Rats. Pain. 1997, dec; 73(3):423-9. [Pain]: Pain. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 50. Bon, K., LantÉ, Ri-Minet, M., Michiels, J. F., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( Cyclophosphamide 

Cystitis as a Model of Visceral Pain in Rats: a C-Fos and Krox-24 Study at Telencephalic Levels, 

With a Note on Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (Pacap). Exp brain res. 1998, 

sep; 122(2):165-74. [Experimental brain research. Experimentelle hirnforschung. Experimentation 

cerebrale]: Exp Brain Res. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 51. Booth, H., Franklin, N. C., and Gidley, G. C (1965). Proton magnetic resonance studies of cyclic compounds. 

II. N- and 2-Substituted cyclohexylamines. Tetrahedron 21: 1077-85. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 52. Bordwell, Frederick G., Landis, Philip S., and Whitney, George S (1965). Stereochemistry of free-radical 

addition of thiolacetic acid to cyclohexenes. Journal of Organic Chemistry 30: 3764-8. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 53. Boudier, Andreas, Darcel, Christophe, Flachsmann, Felix, Micouin, Laurent, Oestreich, Martin, and Knochel, 

Paul (2000). Stereoselective preparation and reactions of configurationally defined dialkylzinc 

compounds. Chemistry--A European Journal 6: 2748-2761. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 54. Bradney, Michael A. M., Forbes, Alan D., and Wood, John (1973). Free radical addition of isobutyric acid to 

a,w-diolefins. New route to a,a,a',a'-tetramethylalkanedioic acids. Journal of the Chemical Society, 

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Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) 1655-60. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 55. Bradway, Diane E. and Shafik, Talaat (1977). Electron capture gas chromatographic analysis of the amine 

metabolites of pesticides: derivatization of anilines. Journal of Chromatographic Science 15: 322-

8. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 56. Braverman, S., Cherkinsky, M., Kedrova, L., and Reiselman, A (1999). A novel synthesis of isocyanates and 

ureas via b-elimination of haloform. Tetrahedron Letters 40: 3235-3238. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 57. Bremner, J. M. and Salomon, M (1966). Reaction of a-amino acids with peri-naphthindan-2,3,4-trione 

hydrate. Analytical Biochemistry 16: 179-81. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 58. Briggs, W. Scott and Djerassi, Carl (1968). Mass spectrometry in structural and stereochemical problems. 

CXLII. Electron impact. Induced analogies to thermal elimination processes in S-methyl xanthates 

and esters. Journal of Organic Chemistry 33: 1612-24. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 59. Briggs, W. Scott and Djerassi, Carl (1968). Pyrolysis of the epimeric unlabeled and 2-methyl-cyclohexyl-2-dS-methyl xanthates and acetates. Journal of Organic Chemistry 33: 1625-9. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 60. Brown, H., Trey, C., and Mcdermott, W. V. Jr ( Lactulose Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy in 

Outpatients. Arch surg. 1971, jan; 102(1):25-7. [Archives of surgery]: Arch Surg. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 61. Brown, Herbert C., Imai, Toshiro, Desai, Manoj C., and Singaram, Bakthan (1985). Chiral synthesis via 

organoboranes. 3. Conversion of boronic esters of essentially 100% optical purity to aldehydes, 

acids, and homologated alcohols of very high enantiomeric purities. Journal of the American 

Chemical Society 107: 4980-3. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 62. Brown, Herbert C. and Negishi, Eiichi (1971). Facile reaction of B-alkylboracyclanes with a,b-unsaturated 

carbonyl derivatives. Extension of the 1,4-addition reaction via organoboranes to highly branched 

secondary and tertiary alkyl groups. Journal of the American Chemical Society 93: 3777-9. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 63. Brown, Herbert C., Ramachandran, P. V., and Chandrasekharan, J (1986). Organoboranes. 47. An extremely 

facile elimination of alkenes from dialkylhaloboranes. A comparative rate study with related 

trialkylboranes. Organometallics 5: 2138-41. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 64. Brown, Herbert Charles, Bhatt, M. V., Munekata, Takashi, and Zweifel, George (1967). Organoboranes. VII. 

The displacement reaction with organoboranes derived from the hydroboration of cyclic and bicyclic 

olefins. Conversion of endocyclic to exocyclic double bonds. Journal of the American Chemical 

Society 89: 567-71. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 65. Bruin, P., Bickel, A. F., and Kooyman, E. C (1952). Free-radical reactions involving sulfur compounds. I. 

The interaction of 2-cyano-2-propyl radicals and thiols. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des PaysBas et de la Belgique 71: 1115-23. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 70
 66. Bucknall, C. B (1963). Influence of phenol antioxidants on properties of polystyrene-styrene-butadiene 

rubber mixtures. Transactions, Institution of the Rubber Industry T221-T34. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 67. Budde, William L., Wang, Nan, and Maizels, Mila (2001). LC/MS using a bench-top time-of-flight mass 

spectrometer. Preprints of Extended Abstracts presented at the ACS National Meeting, American 

Chemical Society, Division of Environmental Chemistry 41: 646-648. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 68. Cabay, Marcus E., Ettlie, Brad J., Tuite, Adam J., Welday, Kurt A., and Mohan, Ram S (2001). The 

discovery-oriented approach to organic chemistry. 5. Stereochemistry of E2 elimination: elimination 

of cis- and trans-2-methylcyclohexyl tosylate. Journal of Chemical Education 78: 79-80. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 69. Caglioti, L. , Gasparrini, F., Palmieri, G., and Misiti, D (1976). Oxidation of N-alkyl-N'-ptolylsulfonylhydrazines. A new convenient synthesis of hydroperoxides. Tetrahedron Letters 3987-

8. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 70. Cai, Yudong, Dang, Hai-Shan, and Roberts, Brian P (2002). Regioselectivity in the ring-opening b-scission of 

2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl radicals derived from bicyclic benzylidene acetals. Journal of the 

Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 2449-2458. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 71. Carnahan, R. M., Kutscher, E. C., Obritsch, M. D., and Rasmussen, L. D. (2005). Acute Ethanol Intoxication 

After Consumption of Hairspray. Pharmacotherapy [Pharmacotherapy]. Vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1646-

1650. Nov 2005.

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 72. Casalegno, Mose', Sello, Guido, and Benfenati, Emilio (2006). Top-Priority Fragment QSAR Approach in 

Predicting Pesticide Aquatic Toxicity. Chemical Research in Toxicology 19: 1533-1539. 

Rejection Code: QSAR. 

 73. Cha, Jin Soon, Kim, Jin Euog, Lee, Jae Cheol, and Yoon, Mal Sook (1986). Attempts on the preparation of 

lithium trialkoxyborohydrides. Stability and stereoselective reduction of cyclic ketones. Bulletin of 

the Korean Chemical Society 7: 66-9. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 74. Chandrasekhar, S., Reddy, Ch. Raji, Rao, R. Jagadeeshwar, and Rao, J. Madhusudana (2002). Efficient and 

chemoselective deoxygenation of amine N-oxides using polymethylhydrosiloxane. Synlett 349-351. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 75. Chapman, K. L., Lawes, M. J., and Macleod, M. M. (1998). Evaluation of Non-Lethal Control Methods on 

Problematic Samango Monkeys in the Cape Vidal Recreation Reserve, Greater St. Lucia Wetland 

Park. South African Journal of Wildlife Research [S. Afr. J. Wildl. Res.]. Vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 89-99. 

Sep 1998.

Rejection Code: MONKEY. 

 76. Cherfils, J. , MÉ, NÉ, Trey, J., Mathieu, M., Le Bras, G., Robineau, S., BÉ, RaudDufour, S., Antonny, B., and Chardin, P. ( Structure of the Sec7 Domain of the Arf Exchange Factor 

Arno. Nature. 1998, mar 5; 392(6671):101-5. [Nature]: Nature. 

Rejection Code: IN VITRO. 

 77. Chu, Xiao-Gang, Hu, Xiao-Zhong, and Yao, Hui-Yuan (2005). Determination of 266 pesticide residues in 

apple juice by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography-mass selective detection .

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Journal of Chromatography, A 1063: 201-210. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 78. Close, M. E. and Canter, L. W. (1990). A Planning Index for Assessing Potential Pesticide Contamination in 

Ground Water Systems. Environ prof 12: 278-285. 

Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

 79. Cohen, S., Svrjcek, A., Durborow, T., and Barnes, N. L. (1999). Water Quality Impacts by Golf Courses.

Journal of environmental quality 28: 798-809. 

Rejection Code: FATE. 

 80. Cohen, S. Z. , Nickerson, S., Maxey, R., Dupuy, A. Jr, and Senita, J. A. (1990). A Ground Water Monitoring 

Study for Pesticides and Nitrates Associated With Golf Courses on Cape Cod Massachusetts Usa.

Ground water monit rev 10: 160-173. 

Rejection Code: FATE. 

 81. Cook, A. Gilbert, Switek, Karen A., Cutler, Kenneth A., and Witt, Allison M (2004). Synthesis and 

isomerization of 3-pyrroline enamines. Letters in Organic Chemistry 1: 1-5. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 82. Craig, J. Cymerman, Naik, A. R., Pratt, R., Johnson, Evelyn, and Bhacca, N. S (1965). Nuclear magnetic 

resonance spectra and stereochemistry of the antibacterial principle from Haematoxylon braziletto.

Journal of Organic Chemistry 30: 1573-6. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 83. Crenshaw, Michael D. and Cummings, David B (2004). Preparation, Derivatization with 

Trimethylsilyldiazomethane, and GC/MS Analysis of a \"Pool\" of Alkyl Methylphosphonic Acids 

for Use as Qualitative Standards in Support of Counterterrorism and the Chemical Weapons 

Convention. Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements 179: 1009-1018. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 84. Crosby, Daniel and El Rassi, Ziad (1993). Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with cationic 

surfactants. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 16: 2161-87. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 85. D'elia, J. A., Curt, G. A., Trey, C., Falchuk, K. R., Kaldany, A., and Weinrauch, L. A. ( Risk of Acute Renal 

Failure Following Angiography in the Elderly: a Case Report. Angiology. 1979, mar; 30(3):205-7. 

[Angiology]: Angiology. 

Rejection Code: HUMAN HEALTH. 

 86. Dagan, Shai and Amirav, Aviv (1996 ). Fast, very fast, and ultra-fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 

of thermally labile steroids, carbamates, and drugs in supersonic molecular beams. Journal of the 

American Society for Mass Spectrometry 7: 737-752. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 87. Dahl, B. L., Tronstad, L., SpÅ, and Nberg, L. ( Biological Tests of a Silicophosphate Cement. J oral 

rehabil. 1975, jul; 2(3):249-57. [Journal of oral rehabilitation]: J Oral Rehabil. 

Rejection Code: MONKEY. 

 88. Daniewski, W. M. and Griffin, C. E (1966). Phosphonic acids and esters. XVII. Formation, aromatization, 

and reduction of Diels-Alder adducts of vinyl- and chlorovinylphosphonates. Journal of Organic 

Chemistry 31: 3236-41. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 89. Darmency, H. (1994). Genetics of Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops. Powles, s. B. And j. A. M. 

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Holtum (ed.). Herbicide resistance in plants: biology and biochemistry. Xi+353p. Crc press, inc.: 

Boca raton, florida, usa London, england, uk. Isbn 0-87371-713-9.; 0: 263-297. 

Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

 90. Das, J (1982). Mass spectrometry of some phenylalanine alkyl esters. Indian Journal of Chemistry, Section 

B: Organic Chemistry Including Medicinal Chemistry 21B: 71-2. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 91. de Bruyne, C. K. and van der Groen, G (1966). Synthesis of b-D-xylopyranosides of cyclic and aromatic 

alcohols. Carbohydrate Research 2: 173-5. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 92. Deshpande, S., Shiau, B. J., Wade, D., Sabatini, D. A. , and Harwell, J. H. (1999). Surfactant Selection for 

Enhancing Ex Situ Soil Washing. Water research 33: 351-360. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 93. Dinelli, G., Vicari, A., and Catizone, P. (1996). Monitoring of Herbicide Pollution in Water by Capillary 

Electrophoresis. Journal of chromatography a 733: 337-347. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 94. Dolby, Lloyd J., Meneghini, Frank A., and Koizumi, Toru (1968). The mechanism of the Prins reaction. VI. 

The solvolysis of optically active trans-2-hydroxymethylcyclohexyl brosylate and related 

arenesulfonates. Journal of Organic Chemistry 33: 3060-6. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 95. Domine, D., Devillers, J., Chastrette, M., and Karcher, W (1993). Estimating pesticide field half-lives from a 

backpropagation neural network. SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research 1: 211-19. 

Rejection Code: MODELING, FATE. 

 96. Dominguez-Espinosa, Gustavo, Sanchis, Maria J., Diaz-Calleja, Ricardo, Pagueguy, Claudia, Gargallo, Ligia, 

and Radic, Deodato (2005). Comparative study of localized side group in poly(2,3 and 4 methyl 

cyclohexyl methacrylate)s. TSDC measurements. Polymer 46: 11351-11358. 

Rejection Code: NO TOX DATA. 

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Groups. Biomedical and environmental sciences 8: 1-13. 

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Flame Ionization Gas-Liquid Chromatography. J assoc off anal chem. 1974, jan; 57(1):60-1. 

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 105. Eisert, Ralf and Pawliszyn, Janusz (1997). Automated In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography. Analytical Chemistry 69: 3140-3147. 

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 106. El Rassi Z (1997). Capillary Electrophoresis of Pesticides. Electrophoresis 18: 2465-2481. 

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 107. Elliott, T. H., Tao, Rosaline C. C., and Williams, R. T (1965). Stereochemical aspects of the metabolism of 

the isomeric methylcyclohexanols and methylcyclohexanones. Biochemical Journal 95: 59-69. 

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 108. European, A. N. D. Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (1994). Guideline on Good Plant Protection 

Practice Potato. Bulletin oepp 24: 825-845. 

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 109. Favrat, B., MÉ, NÉ, Trey, A., Augsburger, M., Rothuizen, L. E., Appenzeller, M., Buclin, T., 

Pin, M., Mangin, P., and Giroud, C. ( Two Cases of &Quot;Cannabis Acute Psychosis&Quot; 

Following the Administration of Oral Cannabis. Bmc psychiatry. 2005; 5(1):17. [Bmc psychiatry]: 

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 110. Feigl, Fritz, Goldstein, David, and Libergott, Esther (1968). Detection of aminosulfonic acid and its Nsubstituted derivatives in spot test analysis. Israel Journal of Chemistry 6: 813-16. 

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 111. Finizio, A. , Calliera, M., Villa, S., and Vighi, M (1999). Predictive approach to ecotoxicological properties 

for use in a rating system in the hazard assessment of pesticides. 533-541. 

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 112. Froemsdorf, D. H. and McCain, M. E (1965). p-Toluenesulfonate eliminations in dimethyl sulfoxide. Journal 

of the American Chemical Society 87: 3983-4. 

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 113. Fujino, M., Wakimasu, M., Tanaka, K., Aoki, H., and Nakajima, N (1973). L-Aspartylaminomalonic acid 

diesters. New group of compounds with intense sweetness. Naturwissenschaften 60: 351. 

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 114. Fujino, Masahiko, Wakimasu, Mitsuhiro, Mano, Mitsuhiko, Tanaka, Kuniyoshi, Nakajima, Nobuo, and Aoki, 

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 115. Fuller, William D., Goodman, Murray, and Verlander, Michael S (1985). A new class of amino acid based 

sweeteners. Journal of the American Chemical Society 107: 5821-2. 

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 116. Garrett, N. E., Stack, H. F., and Waters, M. D. (1986). Evaluation of the Genetic Activity Profiles of 65 

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 117. Gautam, R. K., Kannan, S., and Saharia, G. S (1982). Studies on the cyclohexane series. Part XXII. 

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Chemists (India) 54: 7-11. 

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 118. Gerson, S. L. and Trey, J. E. ( Modulation of Nitrosourea Resistance in Myeloid Leukemias. Blood 71:1487-

1494,1988: BLOOD. 

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 119. Gerson, S. L., Trey, J. E., and Miller, K. ( Potentiation of Nitrosourea Cytotoxicity in Human Leukemic Cells 

by Inactivation of O6-Alkylguanine-Dna Alkyltransferase. Cancer res. 1988, mar 15; 48(6):1521-7. 

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 120. Gerson, S. L., Trey, J. E., Miller, K., and Benjamin, E. ( Repair of O6-Alkylguanine During Dna Synthesis in 

Murine Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Precursors. Cancer res. 1987, jan 1; 47(1):89-95. [Cancer 

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 121. Gerson, S. L., Trey, J. E., Miller, K., and Berger, N. A. ( Comparison of O6-Alkylguanine-Dna 

Alkyltransferase Activity Based on Cellular Dna Content in Human, Rat and Mouse Tissues.

Carcinogenesis. 1986, may; 7(5):745-9. [Carcinogenesis]: Carcinogenesis. 

Rejection Code: IN VITRO. 

 122. Gerstl, Z. and Helling, C. S. (1987). Evaluation of Molecular Connectivity as a Predictive Method for the 

Adsorption of Pesticides by Soils. J environ sci health part b pestic food contam agric wastes 22: 

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 123. Gerstl, Zev and Helling, Charles S (1987). Evaluation of molecular connectivity as a predictive method for 

the adsorption of pesticides by soils. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: 

Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes B22: 55-69. 

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 124. Giroud, C., Horisberger, B., Eap, C., Augsburger, M., MÉ, NÉ, Trey, A., Baumann, P., and 

Mangin, P. ( Death Following Acute Poisoning by Moclobemide. Forensic sci int. 2004, feb 10; 

140(1):101-7. [Forensic science international]: Forensic Sci Int. 

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 125. Giroud, C., MÉ, NÉ, Trey, A., Augsburger, M., Buclin, T., Sanchez-Mazas, P., and Mangin, P. 

( Delta(9)-Thc, 11-Oh-Delta(9)-Thc and Delta(9)-Thccooh Plasma or Serum to Whole Blood 

Concentrations Distribution Ratios in Blood Samples Taken From Living and Dead People.

Forensic sci int. 2001, dec 1; 123(2-3):159-64. [Forensic science international]: Forensic Sci Int. 

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 126. Gonzalez, Maykel Perez, Helguera, Aliuska Morales, and Collado, Isidro G (2006). A topological 

substructural molecular design to predict soil sorption coefficients for pesticides. Molecular 

Diversity 10: 109-118. 

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 127. Gottlieb, L. S. and Trey, C. ( The Effects of Fluorinated Anesthetics on the Liver and Kidneys. Annu rev 

med. 1974; 25:411-29. [Annual review of medicine]: Annu Rev Med. 

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 128. Gramatica, P., Corradi, M., and Consonni, V (2000). Modelling and prediction of soil sorption coefficients of 

non-ionic organic pesticides by molecular descriptors. Chemosphere 41: 763-777. 

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 129. Gramatica, P., Vighi, M., Consolaro, F., Todeschini, R., Finizio, A., and Faust, M (2001). QSAR approach 

for the selection of congeneric compounds with a similar toxicological mode of action.

Chemosphere 42: 873-883. 

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 130. Gramatica, Paola and Di Guardo, Antonio (2002). Screening of pesticides for environmental partitioning 

tendency. Chemosphere 47: 947-956. 

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 131. Guo, S., Kenne, L., Lundgren, L. N., Ronnberg, B., and Sundquist, B. G. (1998). Triterpenoid saponins from 

Quillaja saponaria. Phytochemistry, 48 (1) pp. 175-180, 1998. 

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 132. Gurne, D. and Urbanski, T (1956). Synthesis and degradation of certain derivatives of tetrahydro-1,3-oxazine. 

II. Bull. acad. polon. sci., Class III 4: 221-4. 

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 133. Gutenmann, Walter H. and Lisk, Donald J (1966). Electron capture determination of Cotoran, Tenoran, and 

Tupersan herbicides following hydrolysis and bromination. Journal of Gas Chromatography 4: 424-

5. 

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 134. Hajipour, A. R., Bagheri, Hamid R., and Ruoho, Arnold E (2005). An efficient method for selective 

deprotection of trimethylsilyl ethers and tetrahydropyranyl ethers under solvent-free conditions.

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 135. Hajipour, Abdol R. and Ruoho, Arnold E (2003). Deprotection of trimethylsilyl and tetrahydropyranyl ethers 

and of ethylene acetals with tetramethylammonium chlorochromate. Synthetic Communications 33: 

871-878. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 136. Halpern, B. and Westley, J. W (1966). Chemical resolution of secondary alcohols. Australian Journal of 

Chemistry 19: 1533-4. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 137. Hayman, D. F., Jackman, G. B., Petrow, V., Stephenson, O., and Wild, A. M (1964). Hypoglycemic agents. 

V. Variants of tolbutamide. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 16: 677-89. 

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 138. Hecht, S. S., Carmella, S. G., Chen Menglan, Koch, J. F. D., Miller, A. T., Murphy, S. E., Jensen, J. A., 

Zimmerman, C. L., and Hatsukami, D. K. (1999). Quantitation of Urinary Metabolites of a Tobaccospecific Lung Carcinogen after Smoking Cessation. Cancer Research [Cancer Res.]. Vol. 59, no. 3, 

pp. 590-596. Feb 1999.

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 139. Heravi, M. M., Beheshtiha, Y. Sh., Oskooi, S. H. A., Shoar, R. Hekmat, and Khalilpoor, M (2000). Direct 

oxidative deprotection using montmorillonite supported ammonium chlorochromate under 

conventional heating and microwave irradiation in solventless system. Phosphorus, Sulfur and 

Silicon and the Related Elements 161: 251-255. 

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 140. Heravi, Majid M., Behbahani, Farahnaz K., Hekmat Shoar, Rahim, and Oskooie, Hossien A (2006). Catalytic 

acetylation of alcohols and phenols with ferric perchlorate in acetic acid. Catalysis Communications

7: 136-139. 

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 141. Hines, J. D., Adelstein, D. J., Spiess, J. L., Carter, S. G., and Trey, J. E. ( High-Dose Weekly Oral Leucovorin 

and 5-Fluorouracil in Previously Untreated Patients With Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma: a Phase I 

Study. Adv exp med biol. 1988; 244:167-72. [Advances in experimental medicine and biology]: Adv 

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 142. Hirayama, Yuichi, Ohmichi, Masayoshi, and Tatsumoto, Hideki (2005). Simple and rapid determination of 

golf course pesticides by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography.

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 143. Hirbec, H., Teilhac, J.-R., Kamenka, J.-M., Privat, A., and Vignon, J (2000). Binding properties of 

[3H]gacyclidine (cis(pip/me)-1-[1-(2-thienyl)-2-methylcyclohexyl]piperidine) enantiomers in the rat 

central nervous system. Brain Research 859: 177-192. 

Rejection Code: METABOLISM. 

 144. Ho, James S., Behymer, Thomas D., Budde, William L., and Bellar, Thomas A (1992). Mass transport and 

calibration in liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry. Journal of the American 

Society for Mass Spectrometry 3: 662-71. 

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 145. Hoshi, Masayuki, Masuda, Yuzuru, and Arase, Akira (1986). An improved method for stereoselective 

synthesis of (E)-alkenes via alkenyldialkylboranes. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 59: 

3985-7. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 146. House, Herbert O. and Richey, Forrest A. Jr (1967). Stereochemistry of Favorskii rearrangement of 

chloromethyl ketones. Journal of Organic Chemistry 32: 2151-7. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 147. Howells, David and Warren, Stuart (1974). Carbonium ion rearrangements. Electronic and conformational 

control in the migration of the electronegative group diphenylphosphinyl. Journal of the Chemical 

Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) 992-7. 

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 148. Hu, J. Y., Aizawa, T., Asami, M., and Magara, Y. (1998). Analysis of Thermolabile and Polar Pesticides in 

Environmental Water With Capillary Chromatography-Frit-Fast Atom Bombardment Mass 

Spectrometry. Water science and technology 38: 169-177. 

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Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 149. Hu, Jian-Ying, Aizawa, Takako, Asami, Mari, and Magara, Yasumoto (1998). Analysis of thermolabile and 

polar pesticides in environmental water with capillary chromatography-frit-fast atom bombardment 

mass spectrometry. Water Science and Technology 38: 169-177. 

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 150. Hu, Jian-Ying, Aizawa, Takako, and Magara, Yasumoto (1998). Analysis of pesticides in water with liquid 

chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Water Research 33: 

417-425. 

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 151. Hu, Jian-Ying, Morita, Takeshi, Magara, Yasumoto, and Aizawa, Takako (2000). Evaluation of reactivity of 

pesticides with ozone in water using the energies of frontier molecular orbitals. Water Research 34: 

2215-2222. 

Rejection Code: MODELING,FATE. 

 152. Huang, Yaozeng, Shi, Lilan, Ling, Fangle, and Xu, Yuanyao (1982). Studies on the application of 

elementoorganic compounds of the fifth and sixth Groups in organic syntheses. Part XIV. 

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triphenylarsorane with ketones. 665-8. 

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 153. Huuskonen, Jarmo (2003). Prediction of Soil Sorption Coefficient of a Diverse Set of Organic Chemicals 

From Molecular Structure. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 43: 1457-1462. 

Rejection Code: MODELING, FATE. 

 154. Igual, Joan (1985). Structure and stability of 5-hexenyl and cyclohexylmethyl substituted radicals.

THEOCHEM 22: 221-32. 

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 155. Ilyin, Alexey P., Kobak, Vladimir V., Dmitrieva, Irina G., Peregudova, Yulia N., Kustova, Veronika A., 

Mishunina, Yulia S., Tkachenko, Sergey E., and Ivachtchenko, Alexandre V (2005). Synthesis of 

annelated azaheterocycles containing a 5-carbamoylpyrazin-3-one fragment by a modification of the 

four-component Ugi reaction. European Journal of Organic Chemistry 4670-4679. 

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 156. Izdebski, J. and Orlowska, A (1989). Application of new carbodiimides to peptide synthesis. 16-18. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 157. Jagschitz, J. A. (1979). Annual Blue Grass Poa-Annua Control in Kentucky Blue Grass Poa-Pratensis Turf 

With Herbicides. 33rd annual meeting of the northeastern weed science society, boston, mass., Usa, 

jan. 3-5, 1979. Proc northeast weed sci soc 33: 308-313. 

Rejection Code: REVIEW. 

 158. Jaime, Carlos and Osawa, Eiji (1984). Application of empirical potential energy calculations to organic 

chemistry. Part 22. Restricted internal rotation in substituted 1,1'-bipiperidines, 1-

cyclohexylpiperidines, and related molecules due to 1,5-interactions across the pivot bond. Journal 

of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2: Physical Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) 995-9. 

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 159. Jennings, J. R. and Cozens, R. J (1995). Catalytic dimerization of acrylonitrile. I. Homogeneous catalysts 

from alkyl diarylphosphinites and dialkyl arylphosphonites. Applied Catalysis, A: General 124: 

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 160. Jin, B., Rosen, R. T., Meyer, R., and Rosen, J. D. (1997). DETERMINATION OF DIFFICULT TO 

ANALYZE PESTICIDES IN LETTUCE AND TOMATOES. 214th American Chemical Society 

National Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, Usa, September 7-11, 1997. Abstracts of Papers American 

Chemical Society 214 : Agro 104. 

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 161. Jin, B., Rosen, R. T., Meyer, R., and Rosen, J. D. (1997). Determination of Difficult to Analyze Pesticides in 

Lettuce and Tomatoes. 214th american chemical society national meeting, las vegas, nevada, usa, 

september 7-11, 1997. Abstracts of papers american chemical society 214: Agro 104. 

Rejection Code: ABSTRACT, METHODS. 

 162. Jin, B., Rosen, R. T., Meyer, R., and Rosen, J. D. (1997). Determination of Difficult to Analyze Pesticides in 

Lettuce and Tomatoes. 214th american chemical society national meeting, las vegas, nevada, usa, 

september 7-11, 1997. Abstracts of papers american chemical society 214: Agro 104. 

Rejection Code: ABSTRACT. 

 163. JIN, B., ROSEN RT, MEYER, R., and ROSEN JD (1997). DETERMINATION OF DIFFICULT TO 

ANALYZE PESTICIDES IN LETTUCE AND TOMATOES. 214TH AMERICAN CHEMICAL 

SOCIETY NATIONAL MEETING, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA, USA, SEPTEMBER 7-11, 1997. 

ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY; 214 AGRO 104. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 164. Jin, Baoping, Rosen, Robert T., Meyer, Roy, and Rosen, Joseph D (1997). Determination of difficult to 

analyze pesticides in lettuce and tomatoes. AGRO-104. 

Rejection Code: ABSTRACT. 

 165. Jokstad, A. , MjÖ, and R, I. A. ( Ten Years' Clinical Evaluation of Three Luting Cements. J dent. 1996, 

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 166. Jones, K. H., Sanderson, D. M., and Noakes, D. N. (1968). Acute Toxicity Data for Pesticides (1968). World 

Rev.Pest Control 7: 135-143. 

; Habitat: T; Effect Codes: MOR 

 167. Kanai, Kazuo, Wakabayashi, Hitoshi, and Honda, Toshio (2000). Rhodium-Catalyzed Reformatsky-Type 

Reaction. Organic Letters 2: 2549-2551. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 168. Karu, Alexander E., Goodrow, Marvin H., Schmidt, Douglas J., Hammock, Bruce D., and Bigelow, Michael 

W (1994). Synthesis of Haptens and Derivation of Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunoassay of the 

Phenylurea Herbicide Diuron. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42: 301-9. 

Rejection Code: METHODS. 

 169. Kawai, Wasaburo (1965). Synthesis and polymerization of stereoisomeric 2-methylcyclohexyl methacrylates.

Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: General Papers 3: 3978-81. 

Rejection Code: CHEM METHODS. 

 170. Kergozien, S., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( Environmental Influences on Viscero(Noci)Ceptive Brain 

Activities: the Effects of Sheltering. Brain res cogn brain res. 2000, sep; 10(1-2):111-7. [Brain 

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 171. Khan, S. U. (1980). Determining the Role of Humic Substances in the Fate of Pesticides in the Environment.

International symposium on hazards of pesticides to the environment and human health, alexandria, 

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 172. Kim-Kang, Heasook, Gilbert, Seymour G., Malick, A. Waseem, and Johnson, James B (1990). Methods for 

predicting migration to packaged pharmaceuticals. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 79: 120-3. 

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 173. Kim, Y. H. and Ahn, J. K. (2005). Ecological Characteristics of Marine Algal Communities at the Discharge 

Canals of Three Nuclear Power Plants on the East Coast of Korea. Algae [Algae]. Vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 

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 174. Klibanov, Alexander M., Chendrasekhar, Akella, and Alberti, Barbara N (1983 ). Enzymatic separation of cis 

and trans isomers of alicyclic alcohols. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 5: 265-8. 

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 175. Klopman, G. , Contreras, R., Rosenkranz, H. S., and Waters, M. D. (1985). Structure-Genotoxic Activity 

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 176. Klopman, Gilles, Contreras, Renato, Rosenkranz, Herbert S., and Waters, Michael D (1985). Structuregenotoxic activity relationships of pesticides: comparison of the results from several short-term 

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 177. Klopman, Gilles, Frierson, Manton R., and Rosenkranz, Herbert S (1990). The structural basis of the 

mutagenicity of chemicals in Salmonella typhimurium: The Gene-Tox data base. Mutation 

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Rejection Code: BACTERIA. 

 178. Kumareswaran, R., Gupta, Anuradha, and Vankar, Yashwant D (1997). Chlorotrimethylsilane catalyzed 

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 179. Kuzmenkov, I., Etinger, A., and Mandelbaum, A (1999). Role of hydrogen migration in the mechanism of 

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 180. Lahuerta, Pascual, Moreno, Eduardo, Monge, Angeles, Muller, Guillermo, Perez-Prieto, Julia, Sanau, 

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 181. Lahuerta, Pascual, Perez-Prieto, Julia, Sanau, Mercedes, Siguero, Norma, and Stiriba, Salah-Eddine (2001). 

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 182. LaLonde, Robert T. and Debboli, Anthony D. Jr (1970). Acid-promoted opening of the three-membered ring 

in endo-6-methylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexane. Journal of Organic Chemistry 35: 2657-61. 

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 184. LantÉ , Ri-Minet, M., Bon, K., De Pommery, J., Michiels, J. F., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( 

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 185. LantÉ , Ri-Minet, M., Isnardon, P., De Pommery, J., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( Spinal and 

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 186. LantÉ , Ri-Minet, M., Weil-Fugazza, J., De Pommery, J., MenÉ, and Trey, D. ( Hindbrain 

Structures Involved in Pain Processing as Revealed by the Expression of C-Fos and Other Immediate 

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 187. Le Quere, J. L., Sebedio, J. L., Henry, R., Couderc, F., Demont, N., and Prome, J. C (1991). Gas 

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 188. Lee, Shaw S. and Fang, S. C (1971). Conversion of monuron to ethyl-N-p-chlorophenyl carbamate by 

Soxhlet extraction of plant tissue with ethanol. Journal - Association of Official Analytical 

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 189. Leirskar, J. and Helgeland, K. ( Toxicity of Some Dental Cements in a Cell Culture System. Scand j dent res. 

1977, sep; 85(6):471-9. [Scandinavian journal of dental research]: Scand J Dent Res. 

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 190. Li, Fangshi , Martens, Dieter, and Kettrup, Antonius (2001). Simultaneous determination of sixteen 

phenylurea herbicides in water by high performance liquid chromatography and solid phase 

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 191. Li, Yongtao , George, John E., McCarty, Christina L., and Wendelken, Steven C (2006). Compliance analysis 

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 192. Liao, Songping and Collum, David B (2002). Asymmetric 1,2-addition of organolithium reagents to 

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 193. Liska, I. and Slobodnik, J. (1996 ). Comparison of Gas and Liquid Chromatography for Analysing Polar 

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 215. Matthess, G. and Isenbeck, M. (1987). Pesticide Behavior in Quaternary Sediments. Boreas (oslo) 16: 411-

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 263. Reddy, Krishna N. and Locke, Martin A (1994). Relationships between molecular properties and log P and 

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 273. Samant, S. S., Dhar, U., and Rawal, R. S. (2000). Assessment of Fuel Resource Diversity and Utilization 

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 275. Sasaki, Hideki, Yonekubo, Jun, and Hayakawa, Kazuichi (2006). A new on-line sample preparation system 

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 278. Schmalz, G. , Thonemann, B., Riedel, M., and Elderton, R. J. ( Biological and Clinical Investigations of a 

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 283. Shimamura, Y., Tomiyama, N., Murakoshi, M., Kobayashi, H., and Matano, O. (1998). Multi Residue 

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 96
APPENDIX B. Environmental Fate and Transport Study 

Details 

Abiotic Degradation 

161-1 Hydrolysis 

In an acceptable study (MRID MRID: 93201022), the hydrolysis of siduron at 10 ppm, was 

studied in the dark at 25 ± 1°C in sterile aqueous buffered pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9 solutions for 30 

days. [14C]-siduron over 98% of the applied in the pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9 solutions solutions 

throughout the experiment. Half-lives were not calculated because siduron was stable to 

hydrolysis. 

161-2 Aqueous Photolysis 

In an acceptable study (MRID 41811301), the aqueous phototransformation of siduron at 

5.1 ppm, was studied in sterile pH 7 buffer at 17.7-31.6 °C under continuous irradiation using a 

UV-filtered xenon arc lamp for 30 days. [14C]-siduron did not degrade in either the irradiated or 

dark control solutions. At 718.5 hours posttreatment (30 

days), parent siduron was 87.5-89.4% of the applied radioactivity in the irradiated samples and 

97.6-99.2% in the dark controls . There were four uncharacterized degradates, nome of which 

exceeded 7.3% of the applied. Carbaln dioxide was 0,O-1.4% of the applied in the irradiated 

solutions and 10.1% in the dark cor'ttrols; no volatile ["Clresidues were detected. During the 

study, daterial balances were 96.1-102.8% for the irradiated solutions and 96.1-106.2% for the 

dark controls. A half-life was not calculated because siduron was stable in both the irradiated and 

dark control solutions. 

161-3 Soil Photolysis 

 In an acceptable study (MRID 41811302), Uniformly phenyl ring- labeled [ 14c] siduron 

(radiochemical purity 99.3%), at 844 ppm, did not degrade on sunlight-irradiated silt loam soil 

that was maintained outdoors (Richmond, California) for 30 days in a quartz covered 

temperature-controlled (average temperature 24.4"C) chamber or on dark control soil maintained 

under similar conditions. The average daily light intensity ranged from 7,685 to 11,971 uw/cm2 

and the cumulative light energy for the 30-day study was 287.24 W-minutes/cmz . At 718 hours 

posttreatment (30 days), [14C] siduron comprised 86.5-94.9% and 88.8-97.1% of the applied 

radioactivity in the irradiated and dark control samples, respectively. Unidentified extracted 

radioactivity in the 30-day irradiated and dark control samples varied from 0 to 7.4% of the 

applied but was composed of up to 17 peaks (16 quantifiable HPLCbands), none of which 

exceeded 4.5% of the recovered radioactivity. The extrapolated half-life study is 289.6 day. 

Metabolism 

 97
162-1 Aerobic Soil Metabolism 

In an acceptable aerobic soil metabolism study (MRID 42159601), Uniformly phenyl ring-l 

abeled and methyl - labeled siduron (radiochemical purities 100%) degraded with registrantcalculated half-lives of 694 and 617 days, respectively, when incubated in the dark at 24-26'C for 

12 months. No degradates were identified. Extractable phenyl ring-labeled [14C] siduron was 

93.1-94.6% of the applied radioactivity immediately posttreatment, 67.3-68.4% at 6 months, and 

61.5-65.7% at 12 months (Table V). No degradates were identified; A t 12 months posttreatment, 

C02 comprosed 4.4-5.8% of the applied radioactivity, and volatile organic compounds were 0.1- 

0.2% of the applied. Unextracted radioactivity was 2.2% of the applied immediately 

posttreatment and increased to 15.8-16.5% at 12 months. Material balances were 84.6-104.9%. 

In an acceptable aerobic soil metabolism study (MRID 43846701), Methyl-labeled [14C]siduron 

(radiochemical purity 99.0%), at a nominal application rate 

of 6.0 ppm, degraded with a half-life of 2.4 years in sandy loam soil adjusted to 75% of 0.33 bar 

moisture content and incubated in darkness at 25 ± 1 o

C for up to 12 months. The parent 

compound was present at 73.9% of the applied radioactivity at 12 months posttreatment 

Unidentified radioactivity was initially (day 14) detected at 1.2% of the 

applied radioactivity, increased to 6.1 % by 6 months and a maximum of 8.1 % by 9 

months, and was 7.7% of the applied at 12 months posttreatment. Cotmplete TLC 

characterization data were not reported for the degradates; only data for two soil extracts 

(6 and 12 months) were reported. Based on TLC analysis, the minor degradate 2- 

methylcyclohexylurea accounted for 6.3% of the applied radioactivity at 6 months 

posttreatment and was 7.0% of the applied at 12 months posttreatment. 

The minor degradate 2-methylcyclohexylamine accounted for 1.9% of the applied 

radioactivity at 6 months posttreatment and was 2.1% of the applied a.i.t 12 months 

posttreatment. Unidentified minor degradates (at least 6) were each present at 12.6% of 

the applied radioactivity at 6 and 12 months posttreatment. Nonextractable [14C]residues 

were initially (time 0) 0.7% of the applied radioactivity, increased to 7.5% of the applied 

by 7 days posttreatment, decreased to 2.6% of the applied by 1 month posttreatment, 

increased to a maximum of 1 1.8% of the applied by 9 months posttreatment, and were 

10.1 % of the applied at 12 months posttreatment. Evolved 14C02, initially (day 3) accounted for 

0.1% of the applied radioactivity, increased to a maximum of 3.3% of the 

applied by 9 months posttreatment, and was 2.8% of the applied at 12 months 

posttreatment; [14C]organic volatiles were negligible. Material balances (based on LSC analysis 

of individual replicates) were 92.1-102.2% of the applied radioactivity throughout the incubation 

period, with no observed pattern of decline. 

162-2 Anaerobic Soil Metabolism 

In an acceptable anaerobic soil metabolism study (MRID 41618201), 

Uniformly phenyl-ring labeled and methyl-labeled [14C]siduron 

(radiochemical purities 95.6% and 99.4%, respectively), at a 

theoretical starting concentration of approximately 12 ppm, degraded slowly on loam soil that 

was incubated under anaerolbic conditions (nitrogen atmosphere) for 60 days at approximately 

27°C following a 30 day aerobic incubation period. Phenyl ring-l abeled [14c]s iduron was 

 98
88.4% of the recovered radioactivity at 30 days posttreatment (0 days anaerobiosis), 85.4% at 60 

days, and 79.2% at 90 days (Table 11). The degradates phenylurea and cyclohexyl-keto-siduron 

were a maximum of 0.3% and 1.0% of the recovered radioactivity, respectively, at 60 days 

posttreatment. Carbon dioxide comprised 12.0% of the recovered radioactivity at 90 days 

posttreatment and unextracted radioactivity was 8.6-10.4% of the recovered. Material balances 

were not provided. Methyl-labeled [14c] siduron was 90.2% of the recovered radioactivity at 30 

days posttreatment (0 days anaerobiosis), 85.2% at 60 days, and 78.9% at 90 days. The degradate 

was 2.0-2.3% of the recovered radioactivity at 30-60 days posttreatment but was not detected at 

90 days. A degradate mixture ("conglomerate") consisting of cyclohexyl-keto-siduron, 

hydroxylated methylcyclohexylamine, and 2-methylcyclohexylurea was a maximum of 52.7% of 

the recovered radioactivity at 60 days posttreatment. One degradate, present at 1.2% of the 

recovered, was not identified. Carbon dioxide comprised 7.4% of the recovered radioactivity at 

90 days posttreatment, and unextracted radioactivity was 5.2-8.8% of the recovered. 

163-1 Mobility and Persistence 

Batch Equilibrium 

 In an acceptable study (MRID 41811303) uniformly phenyl ring-labeled [

14C]s iduron 

(radiochemical purity >99%), at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 ug/mL, was determined to be mobile 

in sandy loam (20 g:30 mL), silt loam, and silty clay loam soil (5 g:30 mL):O.Ol N CaCl2 

solution slurries equilibrated for 24 hours at 25 C in the dark. Freundlich Kads values were 0.95 

and 1.49 for the two sandy loam soils, 3.89 for the silt loam soil, and 5.92 for the silty clay loam 

soil; corresponding Koc, values were 211.87, 175.26, 268.46, and 236.84. Adsorption increased 

with increasing organic matter and clay content of the soils. Freundlich Kdes values were 2.79, 

3.0151, 6.65, and 7.49, respectively; corresponding Koc, values were 620.60, 354.72, 459.01, 

and 299.80. The material balances were 89.7-108.8%. 

164-1 Terrestrial Field Dissipation 

 In a supplmental study (MRID 46801716), Siduron [1- (2-methylcyclohexyl ) -3-phenyl 

urea] dissipated with ha1f-lives of 48 -64 days from the upper 18 inches of bareground plots of 

sandy loam soil located i n California and bareground and turf plots o f loamy sand s o i l located 

i n Wisconsin after a single broadcast application of siduron (Tupersan 50 WP) at 12 I b a.i./A. 

In the California turf plots, siduron dissipated with a half - life of 9 days from the upper 18 

inches of sandy loam soil following treatment; there was no obvious explanation for the 

significant difference in the rates of dissipation between the California turf plots and the other 

sites. Siduron leached to the 6- to 12-inch soil depth at the Wisconsin (loamy sand) site and to 

the 12- to 18-inch depth at the California (sandy loam) site; soil layers below 18 inches were not 

analyzed for siduron at the California site. In Porterville, 

California, siduron dissipated with a registrantcalculated half-1ife of 64 days from the upper 18 

inches of bareground plots of sandy loam soil. In the 0- t o 6-inch soil depth, siduron decreased 

 99
to 0.030 ppm at 360 days. Siduron was detected in the 6- to 12-inch soil depth, and 12- to 18-

inch soil depth. Results from analysis of s o i l from the 18- t o 24- and 24- to 36-inch soil depths 

were not reported. 

Also at the California site, siduron dissipated with a half-1ife of 9 days from the 0- to 18-inch 

depth o f sandy loam soil of blue fescue turf plots (12 x 63 feet) following treatment. Siduron 

was detected in the 6- to 12- and 12- to 18-inch soil depths 

In Verona, Wisconsin, siduron dissipated with a half-life of 48 days from the upper 18 inches of 

bareground plots of loamy sand soil. Siduron was detected in the 6- to 12-, 

12- to 18-, 18- to 24-, and 24- to 36-inch depths. 

Also at the Wisconsin site, siduron dissipated with a registrantcalculated 

half-life of 53 days from the 0- to 18-inch depth of loamy sand soil of bluegrass turf plots.

Siduron was not detected in the 6- to 12-, 12- to 18-, 18- to 24-, and 24- to 36-inch soil depths. 

165-4 Bioaccumulation in fish 

In an acceptable study (MRID# 41811305), [14C]Siduron residues accumulated in bluegill 

sunfish exposed to uniformly phenyl ring-l abeled [14C]s iduron (purity 95.6%) plus unlabeled 

siduron (purity 98.7%) at 0.16 pprn for 28 days under flowthrough conditions. The mean 

bioconcentration factors were 6.8X for edible tissues (muscle), 70.0~f or nonedible tissues 

(viscera and carcass), and 33.0X for whole fish. Residues in the nonedible tissues and whole fish 

were not further characterized. In edible tissues sampled after 28 days of exposure, 

hexaneextractable [14C] residues averaged 7.5% of the total [14C] residues 

accumulated in the exposure period, methanol-extractable [14C] residues averaged 50%, and 

unextracted [14C] residues averaged 60%; residues were not further characterized. 

By day 10 of the 14-day depuration period, loo%, 96%, and 100% of the accumulated [14c] 

residues had been eliminated from the edible, nonedible, and whole fish tissues, respectively. 

The apparent halflife for elimination of [14C] residue from whole fish was 1-3 days. 

Throughout the study, the temperature of the treated water was 17"C, the pH ranged from 6.7 to 

7.4, and the dissolved oxygen content was 8.5 mg/L; values were comparable for the control 

water. During the exposure period, total [14C ]residuesi n the treated water were 0.15-0.16 mg/L; 

residues in the water were not further characterized.

 100
APPENDIX C: PRZM/EXAMS Output Data from the FL, PA 

Turf, and PA Alfalfa Scenarios 

Specialty Application (golf course tees and greens) in FL 

stored as siduronFLTurfspec.out 

Chemical: siduron 

PRZM environment: 

FLturfC.txt modified Monday, 16 June 2003 at 15:48:06 

EXAMS environment: 

pond298.exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 17:33:30 

Metfile: w12834.dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:28 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

1961 539 535 519 494 480 202

1962 937 934 922 910 896 648

1963 1490 1480 1460 1420 1400 1110

1964 2030 2030 2000 1960 1930 1600

1965 2030 2020 2010 1970 1950 1820

1966 2640 2630 2590 2580 2570 2140

1967 2490 2490 2460 2420 2390 2300

1968 2840 2830 2800 2740 2710 2450

1969 2950 2950 2920 2900 2870 2610

1970 2700 2700 2690 2660 2640 2470

1971 2570 2560 2530 2480 2470 2300

1972 2800 2790 2750 2680 2640 2360

1973 2470 2470 2460 2430 2410 2300

1974 2310 2300 2280 2240 2220 2120

1975 2140 2140 2120 2090 2070 2030

1976 2400 2390 2370 2320 2290 2150

1977 2480 2470 2440 2410 2390 2200

1978 2440 2430 2420 2390 2390 2280

1979 2630 2620 2600 2550 2540 2350

1980 2390 2390 2380 2360 2340 2250

1981 2320 2320 2300 2260 2230 2070

1982 2410 2400 2380 2360 2350 2210

1983 2530 2520 2500 2460 2440 2280

1984 2520 2510 2490 2470 2450 2350

1985 2310 2310 2300 2280 2260 2200

1986 2210 2210 2190 2160 2140 2040

1987 2000 1990 1990 1970 1950 1880

1988 1760 1760 1750 1740 1720 1680

1989 1590 1590 1590 1570 1560 1500

1990 1470 1470 1450 1420 1400 1360

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

 101
0.032258065 2950 2950 2920 2900 2870 2610

0.064516129 2840 2830 2800 2740 2710 2470

0.096774194 2800 2790 2750 2680 2640 2450

0.129032258 2700 2700 2690 2660 2640 2360

0.161290323 2640 2630 2600 2580 2570 2350

0.193548387 2630 2620 2590 2550 2540 2350

0.225806452 2570 2560 2530 2480 2470 2300

0.258064516 2530 2520 2500 2470 2450 2300

0.290322581 2520 2510 2490 2460 2440 2300

0.322580645 2490 2490 2460 2430 2410 2280

0.35483871 2480 2470 2460 2420 2390 2280

0.387096774 2470 2470 2440 2410 2390 2250

0.419354839 2440 2430 2420 2390 2390 2210

0.451612903 2410 2400 2380 2360 2350 2200

0.483870968 2400 2390 2380 2360 2340 2200

0.516129032 2390 2390 2370 2320 2290 2150

0.548387097 2320 2320 2300 2280 2260 2140

0.580645161 2310 2310 2300 2260 2230 2120

0.612903226 2310 2300 2280 2240 2220 2070

0.64516129 2210 2210 2190 2160 2140 2040

0.677419355 2140 2140 2120 2090 2070 2030

0.709677419 2030 2030 2010 1970 1950 1880

0.741935484 2030 2020 2000 1970 1950 1820

0.774193548 2000 1990 1990 1960 1930 1680

0.806451613 1760 1760 1750 1740 1720 1600

0.838709677 1590 1590 1590 1570 1560 1500

0.870967742 1490 1480 1460 1420 1400 1360

0.903225806 1470 1470 1450 1420 1400 1110

0.935483871 937 934 922 910 896 648

0.967741935 539 535 519 494 480 202

0.1 2790 2781 2744 2678 2640 2441

Average of yearly averages: 1975.333

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: siduronFLTurfspec 

Metfile: w12834.dvf 

PRZM scenario: FLturfC.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv 

Chemical Name: siduron 

Description Variable Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 232.3 g/mol 

Henry's Law Const. henry 6.90E-08 atm-m^3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 4.00E-09 torr 

Solubility sol 22.3 mg/L 

Kd Kd mg/L 

Koc Koc 223 mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days Half-life 

 102
Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1548 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic 

Metabolism kbacs 730 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 774 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life 

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm 

Application Rate: TAPP 24.6 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 4-May dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 2 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 3 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 4 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 5 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT 

PLDKRT 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 

Specialty Application (golf course tees and greens) in PA 

stored as siduronPATurfspec.out 

Chemical: siduron 

PRZM environment: PAturfC.txt modified Satday, 12 October 2002 at 18:27:02 

EXAMS environment: 

pond298.exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 17:33:30 

Metfile: w14737.dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:06:12 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

1961 397 394 384 370 362 177 

1962 577 575 572 565 558 435 

1963 784 781 777 765 757 598 

1964 749 748 743 741 740 729 

1965 757 755 750 746 742 726 

1966 849 847 843 831 825 749 

1967 1160 1150 1140 1120 1120 964 

1968 1190 1190 1180 1170 1160 1100 

1969 1510 1500 1480 1450 1430 1210 

1970 1350 1350 1340 1330 1330 1310 

1971 1730 1730 1710 1680 1660 1430 

1972 1830 1830 1820 1810 1810 1690 

1973 2160 2160 2140 2110 2090 1900 

1974 2060 2050 2050 2040 2030 2000 

 103
1975 1980 1980 1960 1940 1930 1910 

1976 2140 2140 2120 2100 2080 1910 

1977 2020 2020 2020 2010 2010 1960 

1978 2020 2010 2000 1980 1960 1890 

1979 2110 2110 2090 2070 2050 1920 

1980 1980 1980 1980 1970 1960 1880 

1981 1800 1800 1790 1790 1780 1740 

1982 2090 2080 2060 2030 2010 1810 

1983 1930 1930 1920 1910 1910 1870 

1984 2010 2000 1990 1980 1970 1880 

1985 2200 2200 2180 2150 2130 1960 

1986 2110 2110 2100 2100 2090 2040 

1987 2300 2300 2280 2240 2210 2020 

1988 2250 2240 2220 2220 2210 2140 

1989 2270 2260 2250 2220 2200 2140 

1990 2400 2400 2380 2340 2320 2190 

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0.032258065 2400 2400 2380 2340 2320 2190 

0.064516129 2300 2300 2280 2240 2210 2140 

0.096774194 2270 2260 2250 2220 2210 2140 

0.129032258 2250 2240 2220 2220 2200 2040 

0.161290323 2200 2200 2180 2150 2130 2020 

0.193548387 2160 2160 2140 2110 2090 2000 

0.225806452 2140 2140 2120 2100 2090 1960 

0.258064516 2110 2110 2100 2100 2080 1960 

0.290322581 2110 2110 2090 2070 2050 1920 

0.322580645 2090 2080 2060 2040 2030 1910 

0.35483871 2060 2050 2050 2030 2010 1910 

0.387096774 2020 2020 2020 2010 2010 1900 

0.419354839 2020 2010 2000 1980 1970 1890 

0.451612903 2010 2000 1990 1980 1960 1880 

0.483870968 1980 1980 1980 1970 1960 1880 

0.516129032 1980 1980 1960 1940 1930 1870 

0.548387097 1930 1930 1920 1910 1910 1810 

0.580645161 1830 1830 1820 1810 1810 1740 

0.612903226 1800 1800 1790 1790 1780 1690 

0.64516129 1730 1730 1710 1680 1660 1430 

0.677419355 1510 1500 1480 1450 1430 1310 

0.709677419 1350 1350 1340 1330 1330 1210 

0.741935484 1190 1190 1180 1170 1160 1100 

0.774193548 1160 1150 1140 1120 1120 964 

0.806451613 849 847 843 831 825 749 

0.838709677 784 781 777 765 757 729 

0.870967742 757 755 750 746 742 726 

0.903225806 749 748 743 741 740 598 

0.935483871 577 575 572 565 558 435 

0.967741935 397 394 384 370 362 177 

 104
0.1 2268 2258 2247 2220 2209 2130 

Average of yearly averages: 1542.6 

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: siduronPATurfspec 

Metfile: w14737.dvf 

PRZM scenario: PAturfC.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv 

Chemical Name: siduron 

Description Variable Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 232.3 g/mol 

Henry's Law Const. henry 6.90E-08 atm-m^3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 4.00E-09 torr 

Solubility sol 22.3 mg/L 

Kd Kd mg/L 

Koc Koc 223 mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days Half-life 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1548 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 730 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 774 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life 

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm 

Application Rate: TAPP 24.6 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 4-May dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 2 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 3 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 4 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Interval 5 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF

Record 18: PLVKRT 

PLDKRT 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 

 105
Established turf in FL (2 applications @180 days intervals) 

stored as siduronFLturfseq180.out 

Chemical: siduron 

PRZM environment: FLturfC.txt modified Monday, 16 June 2003 at 15:48:06 

EXAMS environment: 

pond298.exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 17:33:30 

Metfile: w12834.dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:28 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

1961 17.25 17.19 16.93 16.56 16.45 8.824 

1962 57.25 56.92 55.68 54.61 54.35 37.39 

1963 112 112 110 96.81 89.95 70.81 

1964 214 213 208 200 196 160 

1965 224 223 220 215 212 193 

1966 245 244 242 237 234 215 

1967 244 243 241 237 234 224 

1968 334 333 328 320 306 254 

1969 329 328 325 322 313 302 

1970 326 325 323 318 314 301 

1971 407 405 400 391 379 326 

1972 417 416 412 400 379 359 

1973 394 393 391 385 382 361 

1974 344 344 342 338 335 319 

1975 308 307 305 300 297 285 

1976 406 404 397 389 383 333 

1977 338 337 336 333 330 319 

1978 448 446 442 434 422 353 

1979 502 501 494 481 445 405 

1980 466 465 462 456 451 427 

1981 390 389 388 385 384 368 

1982 472 471 465 454 447 399 

1983 496 494 487 476 459 404 

1984 497 496 491 481 474 451 

1985 456 455 453 447 444 424 

1986 407 407 405 400 398 382 

1987 368 368 366 362 360 348 

1988 388 387 383 353 340 331 

1989 743 739 725 697 658 434 

1990 644 643 637 626 619 571 

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0.032258065 743 739 725 697 658 571 

0.064516129 644 643 637 626 619 451 

0.096774194 502 501 494 481 474 434 

0.129032258 497 496 491 481 459 427 

0.161290323 496 494 487 476 451 424 

0.193548387 472 471 465 456 447 405 

 106
0.225806452 466 465 462 454 445 404 

0.258064516 456 455 453 447 444 399 

0.290322581 448 446 442 434 422 382 

0.322580645 417 416 412 400 398 368 

0.35483871 407 407 405 400 384 361 

0.387096774 407 405 400 391 383 359 

0.419354839 406 404 397 389 382 353 

0.451612903 394 393 391 385 379 348 

0.483870968 390 389 388 385 379 333 

0.516129032 388 387 383 362 360 331 

0.548387097 368 368 366 353 340 326 

0.580645161 344 344 342 338 335 319 

0.612903226 338 337 336 333 330 319 

0.64516129 334 333 328 322 314 302 

0.677419355 329 328 325 320 313 301 

0.709677419 326 325 323 318 306 285 

0.741935484 308 307 305 300 297 254 

0.774193548 245 244 242 237 234 224 

0.806451613 244 243 241 237 234 215 

0.838709677 224 223 220 215 212 193 

0.870967742 214 213 208 200 196 160 

0.903225806 112 112 110 96.81 89.95 70.81 

0.935483871 57.25 56.92 55.68 54.61 54.35 37.39 

0.967741935 17.25 17.19 16.93 16.56 16.45 8.824 

0.1 501.5 500.5 493.7 481 472.5 433.3 

Average of yearly 

averages: 312.1675 

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: siduronFLturfseq180 

Metfile: w12834.dvf 

PRZM scenario: FLturfC.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv 

Chemical Name: siduron 

Description 

Variable 

Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 232.3 g/mol 

Henry's Law Const. henry 

6.90E08 atm-m^3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 

4.00E09 torr 

Solubility sol 22.3 mg/L 

Kd Kd mg/L 

Koc Koc 223 mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days 

Halflife 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1548 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 730 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 774 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days 

Halflife 

 107
Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm 

Application Rate: TAPP 13.4 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 4-May dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 180 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF 

Record 18: PLVKRT 

PLDKRT 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 

Established turf in PA (2 applications @180 days intervals) 

stored as siduronPAturfseq180.out 

Chemical: siduron 

PRZM environment: PAturfC.txt modified Satday, 12 October 2002 at 18:27:02 

EXAMS environment: 

pond298.exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 17:33:30 

Metfile: w14737.dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:06:12 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

1961 40.26 40.14 39.2 34.36 32.03 18.86 

1962 72.7 72.43 71.42 69.7 63.28 48.18 

1963 132 132 129 123 106 76.88 

1964 144 144 143 136 133 126 

1965 145 145 144 142 141 139 

1966 144 144 143 141 140 137 

1967 158 158 157 155 153 146 

1968 203 203 201 199 198 180 

1969 190 190 189 187 187 182 

1970 212 211 210 209 201 181 

1971 242 241 239 236 228 207 

1972 293 292 289 280 263 237 

1973 279 279 278 276 274 265 

1974 268 267 266 264 263 259 

1975 298 297 294 291 281 260 

1976 296 296 294 291 288 274 

1977 307 306 304 300 297 288 

1978 300 300 298 294 292 285 

1979 279 279 277 275 274 269 

1980 260 260 259 258 257 251 

1981 256 256 255 252 251 244 

1982 242 241 240 238 236 232 

1983 274 274 271 267 264 247 

1984 321 320 318 313 306 287 

 108
1985 327 326 325 318 315 306 

1986 362 361 358 353 349 328 

1987 318 317 317 317 315 303 

1988 320 319 317 306 300 292 

1989 321 321 319 316 313 307 

1990 330 329 326 321 314 305 

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0.032258065 362 361 358 353 349 328 

0.064516129 330 329 326 321 315 307 

0.096774194 327 326 325 318 315 306 

0.129032258 321 321 319 317 314 305 

0.161290323 321 320 318 316 313 303 

0.193548387 320 319 317 313 306 292 

0.225806452 318 317 317 306 300 288 

0.258064516 307 306 304 300 297 287 

0.290322581 300 300 298 294 292 285 

0.322580645 298 297 294 291 288 274 

0.35483871 296 296 294 291 281 269 

0.387096774 293 292 289 280 274 265 

0.419354839 279 279 278 276 274 260 

0.451612903 279 279 277 275 264 259 

0.483870968 274 274 271 267 263 251 

0.516129032 268 267 266 264 263 247 

0.548387097 260 260 259 258 257 244 

0.580645161 256 256 255 252 251 237 

0.612903226 242 241 240 238 236 232 

0.64516129 242 241 239 236 228 207 

0.677419355 212 211 210 209 201 182 

0.709677419 203 203 201 199 198 181 

0.741935484 190 190 189 187 187 180 

0.774193548 158 158 157 155 153 146 

0.806451613 145 145 144 142 141 139 

0.838709677 144 144 143 141 140 137 

0.870967742 144 144 143 136 133 126 

0.903225806 132 132 129 123 106 76.88 

0.935483871 72.7 72.43 71.42 69.7 63.28 48.18 

0.967741935 40.26 40.14 39.2 34.36 32.03 18.86 

0.1 326.4 325.5 324.4 317.9 314.9 305.9 

Average of yearly averages: 222.6973 

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: siduronPAturfseq180 

Metfile: w14737.dvf 

PRZM scenario: PAturfC.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv 

 109
Chemical Name: siduron 

Description 

Variable 

Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 232.3 g/mol 

Henry's Law Const. henry 

6.90E08 atm-m^3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 

4.00E09 torr 

Solubility sol 22.3 mg/L 

Kd Kd mg/L 

Koc Koc 223 mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days Half-life 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1548 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 730 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 774 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half-life 

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm 

Application Rate: TAPP 13.4 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 4-May dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 180 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF 

Record 18: PLVKRT 

PLDKRT 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 

 110
Established turf in FL (2 applications @28 days intervals) 

stored as siduronFLturfseq28.out 

Chemical: siduron 

PRZM environment: FLturfC.txt modified Monday, 16 June 2003 at 15:48:06 

EXAMS environment: 

pond298.exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 17:33:30 

Metfile: w12834.dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:04:28 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

1961 33.4 33.16 32.74 31.4 30.51 17.96 

1962 112 111 109 106 104 66.6 

1963 166 165 162 157 155 124 

1964 266 265 261 254 249 204 

1965 335 334 328 318 311 259 

1966 376 375 371 367 363 314 

1967 361 360 356 350 345 318 

1968 408 407 401 390 383 335 

1969 402 401 397 391 386 350 

1970 345 344 342 341 339 321 

1971 375 374 370 362 359 327 

1972 367 367 363 355 350 326 

1973 311 311 310 307 304 289 

1974 273 272 271 268 265 253 

1975 254 253 251 249 249 234 

1976 387 385 382 373 366 308 

1977 339 338 335 328 326 309 

1978 418 416 413 403 396 346 

1979 486 485 477 463 455 394 

1980 407 406 403 399 396 377 

1981 359 358 355 350 349 340 

1982 449 448 443 438 435 388 

1983 479 477 472 462 455 411 

1984 577 574 565 549 539 460 

1985 461 461 459 455 453 435 

1986 394 394 392 389 386 373 

1987 345 344 342 339 336 325 

1988 307 307 304 298 295 286 

1989 280 280 277 272 269 255 

1990 233 233 232 229 227 217 

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0.032258065 577 574 565 549 539 460 

0.064516129 486 485 477 463 455 435 

0.096774194 479 477 472 462 455 411 

0.129032258 461 461 459 455 453 394 

0.161290323 449 448 443 438 435 388 

0.193548387 418 416 413 403 396 377 

0.225806452 408 407 403 399 396 373 

0.258064516 407 406 401 391 386 350 

 111
0.290322581 402 401 397 390 386 346 

0.322580645 394 394 392 389 383 340 

0.35483871 387 385 382 373 366 335 

0.387096774 376 375 371 367 363 327 

0.419354839 375 374 370 362 359 326 

0.451612903 367 367 363 355 350 325 

0.483870968 361 360 356 350 349 321 

0.516129032 359 358 355 350 345 318 

0.548387097 345 344 342 341 339 314 

0.580645161 345 344 342 339 336 309 

0.612903226 339 338 335 328 326 308 

0.64516129 335 334 328 318 311 289 

0.677419355 311 311 310 307 304 286 

0.709677419 307 307 304 298 295 259 

0.741935484 280 280 277 272 269 255 

0.774193548 273 272 271 268 265 253 

0.806451613 266 265 261 254 249 234 

0.838709677 254 253 251 249 249 217 

0.870967742 233 233 232 229 227 204 

0.903225806 166 165 162 157 155 124 

0.935483871 112 111 109 106 104 66.6 

0.967741935 33.4 33.16 32.74 31.4 30.51 17.96 

0.1 477.2 475.4 470.7 461.3 454.8 409.3 

Average of yearly 

averages: 298.752 

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: siduronFLturfseq28 

Metfile: w12834.dvf 

PRZM scenario: FLturfC.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv 

Chemical Name: siduron 

Description 

Variable 

Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 232.3 g/mol 

Henry's Law Const. henry 

6.90E08 atm-m^3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 

4.00E09 torr 

Solubility sol 22.3 mg/L 

Kd Kd mg/L 

Koc Koc 223 mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days 

Halflife 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1548 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 730 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 774 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days 

Halflife 

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm 

 112
Application Rate: TAPP 13.4 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 4-May dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF 

Record 18: PLVKRT 

PLDKRT 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 

Established turf in PA (2 applications @28 days intervals)

stored as siduronPAturfseq28.out 

Chemical: siduron 

PRZM environment: 

PAturfC.txt modified Satday, 12 October 2002 at 18:27:02 

EXAMS environment: 

pond298.exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 17:33:30 

Metfile: w14737.dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:06:12 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

1961 54.87 54.54 53.29 51.66 50.42 29.68 

1962 86.27 85.86 84.26 81.93 81.53 64.87 

1963 85.11 84.95 84.28 82.94 82.04 79.21 

1964 98.63 98.38 97.39 96.46 95.97 88.25 

1965 97.07 96.88 96.13 94.62 93.57 89.36 

1966 95.9 95.72 95.02 93.55 92.45 89.2 

1967 153 153 151 148 145 120 

1968 218 217 214 208 205 173 

1969 190 190 189 186 186 181 

1970 181 180 179 177 176 171 

1971 187 187 185 184 182 170 

1972 229 229 226 223 220 192 

1973 228 228 226 222 221 207 

1974 239 238 236 234 232 215 

1975 217 217 216 213 213 206 

1976 198 198 197 195 194 190 

1977 207 207 205 204 203 192 

1978 235 234 232 227 224 203 

1979 250 249 247 242 239 218 

1980 225 225 224 221 220 211 

1981 241 240 238 234 231 212 

1982 271 270 267 263 260 233 

1983 284 284 281 279 277 255 

1984 338 337 333 328 325 292 

1985 350 349 345 340 336 309 

 113
1986 357 357 353 349 347 323 

1987 314 314 312 311 310 303 

1988 375 374 369 360 354 316 

1989 383 382 379 373 368 338 

1990 377 376 372 366 361 339 

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0.032258065 383 382 379 373 368 339 

0.064516129 377 376 372 366 361 338 

0.096774194 375 374 369 360 354 323 

0.129032258 357 357 353 349 347 316 

0.161290323 350 349 345 340 336 309 

0.193548387 338 337 333 328 325 303 

0.225806452 314 314 312 311 310 292 

0.258064516 284 284 281 279 277 255 

0.290322581 271 270 267 263 260 233 

0.322580645 250 249 247 242 239 218 

0.35483871 241 240 238 234 232 215 

0.387096774 239 238 236 234 231 212 

0.419354839 235 234 232 227 224 211 

0.451612903 229 229 226 223 221 207 

0.483870968 228 228 226 222 220 206 

0.516129032 225 225 224 221 220 203 

0.548387097 218 217 216 213 213 192 

0.580645161 217 217 214 208 205 192 

0.612903226 207 207 205 204 203 190 

0.64516129 198 198 197 195 194 181 

0.677419355 190 190 189 186 186 173 

0.709677419 187 187 185 184 182 171 

0.741935484 181 180 179 177 176 170 

0.774193548 153 153 151 148 145 120 

0.806451613 98.63 98.38 97.39 96.46 95.97 89.36 

0.838709677 97.07 96.88 96.13 94.62 93.57 89.2 

0.870967742 95.9 95.72 95.02 93.55 92.45 88.25 

0.903225806 86.27 85.86 84.28 82.94 82.04 79.21 

0.935483871 85.11 84.95 84.26 81.93 81.53 64.87 

0.967741935 54.87 54.54 53.29 51.66 50.42 29.68 

0.1 373.2 372.3 367.4 358.9 353.3 322.3 

Average of yearly 

averages: 200.319 

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: siduronPAturfseq28 

Metfile: w14737.dvf 

PRZM scenario: PAturfC.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv 

Chemical Name: siduron 

 114
Description 

Variable 

Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 232.3 g/mol 

Henry's Law Const. henry 

6.90E08 atm-m^3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 

4.00E09 torr 

Solubility sol 22.3 mg/L 

Kd Kd mg/L 

Koc Koc 223 mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days 

Halflife 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1548 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 730 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 774 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days 

Halflife 

Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm 

Application Rate: TAPP 13.4 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 4-May dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 28 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF 

Record 18: PLVKRT 

PLDKRT 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 

Siduron on bareground (PA alfalfa) 

stored as siduronPAalfaseq.out 

Chemical: siduron 

PRZM environment: 

PAalfalfaC.txt modified Satday, 12 October 2002 at 18:24:04 

EXAMS environment: 

pond298.exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 17:33:30 

Metfile: w14737.dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09:06:12 

Water segment concentrations (ppb) 

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

1961 55.18 54.94 54.16 52.88 51.89 34.96 

1962 87.29 86.94 85.6 83.57 82.96 68.91 

1963 80.85 80.73 80.24 79.19 78.7 77.25 

1964 118 118 117 115 114 101 

1965 109 109 108 107 107 104 

1966 108 108 108 107 106 102 

1967 156 155 154 151 149 128 

1968 215 214 211 206 203 174 

1969 190 189 188 188 187 181 

 115
1970 179 179 178 176 175 170 

1971 195 195 193 191 189 174 

1972 226 225 223 221 218 194 

1973 225 225 223 221 219 207 

1974 246 246 243 241 239 220 

1975 226 226 225 222 220 213 

1976 203 202 201 201 200 195 

1977 231 230 228 225 225 208 

1978 246 245 244 240 237 218 

1979 266 265 263 258 255 233 

1980 256 256 254 251 248 234 

1981 275 275 272 267 264 241 

1982 290 290 287 284 281 257 

1983 338 337 333 331 328 294 

1984 411 410 406 398 393 351 

1985 381 381 379 377 374 355 

1986 401 400 397 391 387 363 

1987 351 351 351 350 349 338 

1988 361 361 357 351 346 324 

1989 394 393 390 384 379 343 

1990 378 377 374 368 363 343 

Sorted results 

Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 

0.032258065 411 410 406 398 393 363 

0.064516129 401 400 397 391 387 355 

0.096774194 394 393 390 384 379 351 

0.129032258 381 381 379 377 374 343 

0.161290323 378 377 374 368 363 343 

0.193548387 361 361 357 351 349 338 

0.225806452 351 351 351 350 346 324 

0.258064516 338 337 333 331 328 294 

0.290322581 290 290 287 284 281 257 

0.322580645 275 275 272 267 264 241 

0.35483871 266 265 263 258 255 234 

0.387096774 256 256 254 251 248 233 

0.419354839 246 246 244 241 239 220 

0.451612903 246 245 243 240 237 218 

0.483870968 231 230 228 225 225 213 

0.516129032 226 226 225 222 220 208 

0.548387097 226 225 223 221 219 207 

0.580645161 225 225 223 221 218 195 

0.612903226 215 214 211 206 203 194 

0.64516129 203 202 201 201 200 181 

0.677419355 195 195 193 191 189 174 

0.709677419 190 189 188 188 187 174 

0.741935484 179 179 178 176 175 170 

0.774193548 156 155 154 151 149 128 

0.806451613 118 118 117 115 114 104 

0.838709677 109 109 108 107 107 102 

 116
 117

0.870967742 108 108 108 107 106 101 

0.903225806 87.29 86.94 85.6 83.57 82.96 77.25 

0.935483871 80.85 80.73 80.24 79.19 78.7 68.91 

0.967741935 55.18 54.94 54.16 52.88 51.89 34.96 

0.1 392.7 391.8 388.9 383.3 378.5 350.2 

Average of yearly 

averages: 214.8707 

Inputs generated by pe4.pl - 8-August-2003 

Data used for this run: 

Output File: siduronPAalfaseq 

Metfile: w14737.dvf 

PRZM scenario: PAalfalfaC.txt 

EXAMS environment file: pond298.exv 

Chemical Name: siduron 

Description 

Variable 

Name Value Units Comments 

Molecular weight mwt 232.3 g/mol 

Henry's Law Const. henry 

6.90E08 atm-m^3/mol 

Vapor Pressure vapr 

4.00E09 torr 

Solubility sol 22.3 mg/L 

Kd Kd mg/L 

Koc Koc 223 mg/L 

Photolysis half-life kdp 0 days 

Halflife 

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 1548 days Halfife 

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 730 days Halfife 

Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 774 days Halfife 

Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days 

Halflife 

Method: CAM 1 integer See PRZM manual 

Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm 

Application Rate: TAPP 6.72 kg/ha 

Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction 

Spray Drift DRFT 0.01 fraction of application rate applied to pond 

Application Date Date 4-May dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm 

Interval 1 interval 30 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. 

Record 17: FILTRA 

IPSCND 1 

UPTKF 

Record 18: PLVKRT 

PLDKRT 

FEXTRC 0.5 

Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond 

Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total(average of entire run) 
APPENDIX D: Input Parameters and Results from T-REX 

and Terrplant 

Scenario 1 

Acute and Chronic RQs are based on the Uppe

Kenaga Residues.

Chemical Name: The maximum single day residue estimation is u

 Use both the acute and reproduction RQs.

 Formulation

Application Rate 12 lbs a.i./acre RQs reported as "0.00" in the RQ tables belo

Half-life 35 days <0.01 in your assessment. This is due to rou

Application Interval 180 days figure issues in Excel.

Maximum # Apps./Year 2

Length of Simulation 1 year

Bobwhite quail LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 2250.00

Bobwhite quail LC50 (mg/kg-diet) 5620.00

Bobwhite quail NOAEL(mg/kg-bw) 0.00

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 2800.00

5000.00

0.00

0.74

12.00

Kenaga

Values

Short Grass 2961.52

Tall Grass 1357.36

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 1665.85

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 185.09

Endpoints

LC50 (mg/kg-diet)

Avian

 Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation

Dietary-based EECs (ppm)

NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)

Mammals

LD50 (mg/kg-bw)

Siduron

First Planting, Sequential

Tupersan

 118
Avian Results

Avian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g) (g bw/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

Small 20 5 23 114 2.28E-02

Mid 100 13 65 65 6.49E-02

Large 1000 58 291 29 2.91E-01

Avian Body Adjusted LD50

Weight (g) (mg/kg-bw)

20 1620.97

100 2063.57

1000 2914.87

small mid large

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 3372.87 1923.35 861.11

Tall Grass 1545.90 881.54 394.68

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 1897.24 1081.89 484.37

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 210.80 120.21 53.82

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 2.08 0.93 0.30

Tall Grass 0.95 0.43 0.14

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 1.17 0.52 0.17

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.13 0.06 0.02

Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.53 1.06

Tall Grass 0.24 0.48

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 0.30 0.59

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.03 0.07

Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,

it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based 

RQs be calculated when data are available

Dietary-based RQs RQs

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or 

NOAEC)

Avian Acute RQs Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/adjusted LD50)

Avian Classes and Body Weights Dose-based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw) 

 119
Siduron First Planting, Sequential Upper bound Kenaga Residues

Mammalian Results

Mammalian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g bwt/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

15 3 14 95 1.43E-02

Herbivores/ 35 5 23 66 2.31E-02

insectivores 1000 31 153 15 1.53E-01

15 3 3 21 3.18E-03

Grainvores 35 5 5 15 5.13E-03

1000 31 34 3 3.40E-02

Mammalian Body Adjusted Adjusted

Class Weight LD50 NOAEL

15 10989.15 1.63

Herbivores/ 35 8891.40 1.32

insectivores 1000 3845.80 0.57

15 10989.15 1.63

Grainvores 35 8891.40 1.32

1000 3845.80 0.57

15 g 35 g 1000 g 15 g 35 g 1000 g

Short Grass 2823.58 1951.47 452.46

Tall Grass 1294.14 894.42 207.38

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 1588.26 1097.70 254.51

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 176.47 121.97 28.28 39.22 27.10 6.28

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.26 1736.10 0.22 1482.96 0.12 794.93

Tall Grass 0.12 795.71 0.10 679.69 0.05 364.34

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 0.14 976.55 0.12 834.17 0.07 447.15

Fruits/pods/lg insects 0.02 108.51 0.01 92.69 0.01 49.68

Seeds (granivore) 0.00 24.11 0.00 20.60 0.00 11.04

Acute Chronic

Short Grass #DIV/0! 246.79

Tall Grass #DIV/0! 113.11

Broadleaf plants/sm insects #DIV/0! 138.82

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects #DIV/0! 15.42

Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,

it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based 

RQs be calculated when data are available

Dietary-based RQs 

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or 

NOAEC)

Mammal RQs

15 g mammal 35 g mammal 1000 g mammal Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/LD50 or NOAEL)

Granivores

Mammalian Classes and Body weight

Dose-Based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw)

Herbivores/ insectivores

 120
 121

Terrestrial Residues Graph

Terrestrial Application Residues

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

52

56

60

64

68

72

76

80

84

88

92

96

100

Days

Concentration (mg ai/kg dietary item)

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf plants/sm Insects Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 1 year

For Risk Discussion Purposes
Scenario 2 

Acute and Chronic RQs are based on the Uppe

Kenaga Residues.

Chemical Name: The maximum single day residue estimation is u

 Use both the acute and reproduction RQs.

 Formulation

Application Rate 12 lbs a.i./acre RQs reported as "0.00" in the RQ tables belo

Half-life 35 days <0.01 in your assessment. This is due to rou

Application Interval 28 days figure issues in Excel.

Maximum # Apps./Year 2

Length of Simulation 1 year

Bobwhite quail LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 2250.00

Bobwhite quail LC50 (mg/kg-diet) 5620.00

Bobwhite quail NOAEL(mg/kg-bw) 0.00

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 2800.00

5000.00

0.00

0.74

12.00

Kenaga

Values

Short Grass 4534.13

Tall Grass 2078.14

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 2550.45

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 283.38

Endpoints

LC50 (mg/kg-diet)

Avian

 Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation

Dietary-based EECs (ppm)

NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)

Mammals

LD50 (mg/kg-bw)

Siduron

First Planting, Sequential

Tupersan

Avian Results

Avian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g) (g bw/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

Small 20 5 23 114 2.28E-02

Mid 100 13 65 65 6.49E-02

Large 1000 58 291 29 2.91E-01

Avian Body Adjusted LD50

Weight (g) (mg/kg-bw)

20 1620.97

100 2063.57

1000 2914.87

small mid large

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 5163.92 2944.68 1318.37

Tall Grass 2366.79 1349.65 604.25

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 2904.70 1656.38 741.59

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 322.74 184.04 82.40

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 3.19 1.43 0.45

Tall Grass 1.46 0.65 0.21

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 1.79 0.80 0.25

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.20 0.09 0.03

Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.81 1.62

Tall Grass 0.37 0.74

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 0.45 0.91

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.05 0.10

Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,

it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based 

RQs be calculated when data are available

Dietary-based RQs RQs

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or 

NOAEC)

Avian Acute RQs Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/adjusted LD50)

Avian Classes and Body Weights Dose-based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw) 

 122
 123

Siduron First Planting, Sequential Upper bound Kenaga Residues

Mammalian Results

Mammalian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g bwt/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

15 3 14 95 1.43E-02

Herbivores/ 35 5 23 66 2.31E-02

insectivores 1000 31 153 15 1.53E-01

15 3 3 21 3.18E-03

Grainvores 35 5 5 15 5.13E-03

1000 31 34 3 3.40E-02

Mammalian Body Adjusted Adjusted

Class Weight LD50 NOAEL

15 10989.15 1.63

Herbivores/ 35 8891.40 1.32

insectivores 1000 3845.80 0.57

15 10989.15 1.63

Grainvores 35 8891.40 1.32

1000 3845.80 0.57

15 g 35 g 1000 g 15 g 35 g 1000 g

Short Grass 4322.94 2987.73 692.72

Tall Grass 1981.35 1369.38 317.49

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 2431.65 1680.60 389.65

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 270.18 186.73 43.29 60.04 41.50 9.62

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.39 2657.99 0.34 2270.44 0.18 1217.04

Tall Grass 0.18 1218.25 0.15 1040.62 0.08 557.81

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 0.22 1495.12 0.19 1277.12 0.10 684.59

Fruits/pods/lg insects 0.02 166.12 0.02 141.90 0.01 76.07

Seeds (granivore) 0.01 36.92 0.00 31.53 0.00 16.90

Acute Chronic

Short Grass #DIV/0! 377.84

Tall Grass #DIV/0! 173.18

Broadleaf plants/sm insects #DIV/0! 212.54

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects #DIV/0! 23.62

Note: To provide risk management with the maximum possible information,

it is recommended that both the dose-based and concentration-based 

RQs be calculated when data are available

Dietary-based RQs 

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or 

NOAEC)

Mammal RQs

15 g mammal 35 g mammal 1000 g mammal Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/LD50 or NOAEL)

Granivores

Mammalian Classes and Body weight

Dose-Based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw)

Herbivores/ insectivores
Scenario 3 

Acute and Chronic RQs are base

Kenaga Residues.

Chemical Name: The maximum single day residue

 Use both the acute and reproduction 

 Formulation

Application Rate 6 lbs a.i./acre RQs reported as "0.00" in the 

Half-life 35 days <0.01 in your assessment. Th

Application Interval 30 days figure issues in Excel.

Maximum # Apps./Year 2

Length of Simulation 1 year

Bobwhite quail LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 2250.00

Bobwhite quail LC50 (mg/kg-diet) 5620.00

Bobwhite quail NOAEL(mg/kg-bw) 0.00

Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 2800.00

5000.00

0.00

0.74

12.00

Kenaga

Values

Short Grass 2234.94

Tall Grass 1024.35

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 1257.16

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 139.68

Endpoints

LC50 (mg/kg-diet)

Avian

 Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation

Dietary-based EECs (ppm)

NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)

Mammals

LD50 (mg/kg-bw)

Siduron

First Planting, Sequential

Tupersan

Avian Results

Avian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g) (g bw/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

Small 20 5 23 114 2.28E-02

Mid 100 13 65 65 6.49E-02

Large 1000 58 291 29 2.91E-01

Avian Body Adjusted LD50

Weight (g) (mg/kg-bw)

20 1620.97

100 2063.57

1000 2914.87

small mid large

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 2545.38 1451.48 649.85

Tall Grass 1166.63 665.26 297.85

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 1431.78 816.46 365.54

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 159.09 90.72 40.62

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 1.57 0.70 0.22

Tall Grass 0.72 0.32 0.10

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 0.88 0.40 0.13

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.10 0.04 0.01

Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.40 0.80

Tall Grass 0.18 0.37

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 0.22 0.45

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.02 0.05

Dietary-based RQs RQs

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or 

NOAEC)

Avian Acute RQs Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/adjusted LD50)

Avian Classes and Body Weights Dose-based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw) 

 124
 125

Mammalian Results

Mammalian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g bwt/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

15 3 14 95 1.43E-02

Herbivores/ 35 5 23 66 2.31E-02

insectivores 1000 31 153 15 1.53E-01

15 3 3 21 3.18E-03

Grainvores 35 5 5 15 5.13E-03

1000 31 34 3 3.40E-02

Mammalian Body Adjusted Adjusted

Class Weight LD50 NOAEL

15 10989.15 1.63

Herbivores/ 35 8891.40 1.32

insectivores 1000 3845.80 0.57

15 10989.15 1.63

Grainvores 35 8891.40 1.32

1000 3845.80 0.57

15 g 35 g 1000 g 15 g 35 g 1000 g

Short Grass 2130.85 1472.70 341.45

Tall Grass 976.64 674.99 156.50

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 1198.60 828.39 192.07

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 133.18 92.04 21.34 29.60 20.45 4.74

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Short Grass 0.19 1310.17 0.17 1119.14 0.09 599.90

Tall Grass 0.09 600.49 0.08 512.94 0.04 274.95

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 0.11 736.97 0.09 629.51 0.05 337.44

Fruits/pods/lg insects 0.01 81.89 0.01 69.95 0.01 37.49

Seeds (granivore) 0.00 18.20 0.00 15.54 0.00 8.33

Acute Chronic

Short Grass #DIV/0! 186.25

Tall Grass #DIV/0! 85.36

Broadleaf plants/sm insects #DIV/0! 104.76

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects #DIV/0! 11.64

Dietary-based RQs 

(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or 

NOAEC)

Mammal RQs

15 g mammal 35 g mammal 1000 g mammal Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/LD50 or NOAEL)

Granivores

Mammalian Classes and Body weight

Dose-Based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw)

Herbivores/ insectivores
Scenario 4 

Chemical Name:

 Use

 Formulation

Application Rate 22 lbs a.i./acre

Half-life 35 days 

Application Interval 28 days

Maximum # Apps./Year 6

Length of Simulation 1 year

Bobwhite quail LD50 (mg/kg-bw) 2250.00Bobwhite quail LC50 (mg/kg-diet) 5620.00Bobwhite quail NOAEL(mg/kg-bw) 0.00Bobwhite quail NOAEC (mg/kg-diet) 2800.00

5000.00

0.000.74

12.00

Kenaga

Values

Short Grass 11959.25Tall Grass 5481.32Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 6727.08Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 747.45

Endpoints

LC50 (mg/kg-diet)

Avian

 Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation

Dietary-based EECs (ppm)

NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)

Mammals

LD50 (mg/kg-bw)

Siduron

Specialty

Tupersan

126
Avian Results

Avian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g) (g bw/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)Small 20 5 23 114 2.28E-02

Mid 100 13 65 65 6.49E-02

Large 1000 58 291 29 2.91E-01

Avian Body Adjusted LD50

Weight (g) (mg/kg-bw)

20 1620.97

100 2063.57

1000 2914.87

small mid large

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 13620.39 7766.92 3477.35

Tall Grass 6242.68 3559.84 1593.79

Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 7661.47 4368.89 1956.01

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 851.27 485.43 217.33

20 g 100 g 1000 g

Short Grass 8.40 3.76 1.19

Tall Grass 3.85 1.73 0.55

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 4.73 2.12 0.67

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.53 0.24 0.07

Acute Chronic

Short Grass 2.13 4.27Tall Grass 0.98 1.96Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 1.20 2.40Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 0.13 0.27

Dietary-based RQs RQs(Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or NOAEC)

Avian Acute RQs Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/adjusted LD50)

Avian Classes and Body Weights Dose-based EECs 

(mg/kg-bw) 

127
Mammalian Results

Mammalian Body Ingestion (Fdry) Ingestion (Fwet) % body wgt FI

Class Weight (g bwt/day) (g/day) consumed (kg-diet/day)

15 3 14 95 1.43E-02

Herbivores/ 35 5 23 66 2.31E-02

insectivores 1000 31 153 15 1.53E-01

15 3 3 21 3.18E-03

Grainvores 35 5 5 15 5.13E-03

1000 31 34 3 3.40E-02

Mammalian Body Adjusted Adjusted

Class Weight LD50 NOAEL

15 10989.15 1.63

Herbivores/ 35 8891.40 1.32

insectivores 1000 3845.80 0.57

15 10989.15 1.63

Grainvores 35 8891.40 1.32

1000 3845.80 0.57

15 g 35 g 1000 g 15 g 35 g 1000 g

Short Grass 11402.23 7880.47 1827.11

Tall Grass 5226.02 3611.88 837.43Broadleaf plants/sm Insects 6413.75 4432.76 1027.75

Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 712.64 492.53 114.19 158.36 109.45 25.38

Acute Chronic Acute Chronic Acute Chronic

Short Grass 1.04 7010.74 0.89 5988.53 0.48 3210.09

Tall Grass 0.48 3213.26 0.41 2744.74 0.22 1471.29

Broadleaf plants/sm insects 0.58 3943.54 0.50 3368.55 0.27 1805.67

Fruits/pods/lg insects 0.06 438.17 0.06 374.28 0.03 200.63

Seeds (granivore) 0.01 97.37 0.01 83.17 0.01 44.58

Acute Chronic

Short Grass #DIV/0! 996.60Tall Grass #DIV/0! 456.78Broadleaf plants/sm insects #DIV/0! 560.59Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects #DIV/0! 62.29

Dietary-based RQs (Dietary-based EEC/LC50 or NOAEC)

Mammal RQs

15 g mammal 35 g mammal 1000 g mammal Dose-based RQs 

(Dose-based EEC/LD50 or NOAEL)

Granivores

Mammalian Classes and Body weight

Dose-Based EECs (mg/kg-bw)

Herbivores/ insectivores

128
Terrestrial Application Residues

0

2000400060008000

1000012000

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96100

Days

Concentration (mg ai/kg dietary item)

Short Grass Tall Grass Broadleaf plants/sm Insects Fruits/pods/seeds/lg insects 1 year

For Risk Discussion Purposes

Table 1. Chemical Identity. 

Chemical Name Siduron 

PC code 35509 

Use Sod, Golf Courses, Lawns 

Application Method Spray 

Application Form Wetable Powder 

Solubility in Water (ppm) 22.3 

Table 2. Input parameters used to derive EECs. 

Input Parameter Symbol Value Units 

Application Rate A 22 lb a.i/acre 

Incorporation I 1 none 

Runoff Fraction R 0.02 none 

129
130

Drift Fraction D 0.01 none 

Table 3. EECs for Siduron. Units in lb a.i/acre. 

Description Equation EEC 

Runoff to dry areas (A/I)*R 0.44 

Runoff to semi-aquatic areas (A/I)*R*10 4.4 

Spray drift A*D 0.22 

Total for dry areas ((A/I)*R)+(A*D) 0.66 

Total for semi-aquatic areas ((A/I)*R*10)+(A*D) 4.62 

Table 4. Plant survival and growth data used for RQ derivation. Units are in lb a.i/acre. 

Seedling Emergence Vegetative Vigor 

Plant type EC25 NOAEC EC25 NOAEC 

Monocot 0.3 0.19 

Dicot 2 1.5 

Table 5. RQ values for plants in dry and semi-aquatic areas exposed to Siduron through runoff and/or spray drift.* 

Plant Type Listed Status Dry Semi-Aquatic Spray Drift 

Monocot non-listed 2.20 15.40 0.73 Monocot listed 3.47 24.32 #DIV/0! 

Dicot non-listed 0.33 2.31 0.11 Dicot listed 0.44 3.08 #DIV/0! 

*If RQ > 1.0, the LOC is exceeded, resulting in potential for risk to that plant group. 
APPENDIX E: TerrPlant Model 

Exposure to Terrestrial Plants including Wetlands (August 8, 2001; version 1.0) 

Terrestrial plants inhabiting dry and semi-aquatic (wetland) areas may be exposed to pesticides 

from runoff and/or spray drift. Semi-aquatic areas are low-lying wet areas that may dry up at 

times throughout the year. 

EFED's runoff scenario is (1) based on a pesticide's water solubility and the amount ot pesticide 

present on the soil surface and its top one inch, (2) characterized as "sheet runoff" (one treated 

acre to an adjacent acre) for dry areas, (3) characterized as "channel runoff" (10 acres to a distant 

low-lying acre) for semi-aquatic or wetland areas, and (4) based on percent runoff values of 0.01, 

0.02, and 0.05 for water solubilities of <10, 10-100, and >100 ppm, respectively. 

EFED's Spray Drift scenario is assumed as (1) 1% for ground application, and (2) 5% for aerial, 

airblast, forced air, and spray chemigation applications. The spray drift ratio used here is in 

agreement with the policy procedures at the time the worksheet was designed. 

Currently, 1) this worksheet is designed to derive the plant exposure concentrations from a 

single, maximum application rate only. 2) For pesticide applications with incorporation of depth 

of less than 1 inch, the total loading EECs derived for the incorporation method will be same as 

the unincorporated method. 

To calculate RQ values for Non-listed Terrestrial Plants: 

Terrestrial Plants Inhabiting Areas Adjacent to Treatment Site: 

Emergence RQ = Total Loading to Adjacent Area or EEC/Seedling Emergence EC25 

Drift RQ = Drift EEC/Vegetative Vigor EC25 

Terrestrial Plants Inhabiting Semi-aquatic Areas Adjacent to Treatment Site: 

 

Emergence RQ = Total Loading to Semi-aquatic Area or EEC/Seedling Emergence EC25 

 Drift RQ = Drift EEC/Vegetative Vigor EC25 

To calculate RQ values for Listed Terrestrial Plants: 

Listed Terrestrial Plants Inhabiting Areas Adjacent to Treatment Site: 

 

Emergence RQ = Total Loading to Adjacent Area or EEC/Seedling Emergence EC05 

Drift RQ = Drift EEC/Vegetative Vigor EC05 or NOAEC 

Listed Terrestrial Plants Inhabiting Semiaquatic Areas Near Treatment Site: 

 

 131
Emergence RQ = Total Loading to Semiaquatic Area or EEC/Seedling Emergence EC05 

Drift RQ = Drift EEC/Vegetative Vigor EC05 or NOAEC 

Formulas used to calculate EEC values (8/08/01; version 1.0) 

To calculate EECs for terrestrial plants inhabiting in areas adjacent to treatment sites 

 

Un-incorporated Ground Application (Non-granular): 

Sheet Runoff = Application Rate (lb a.i./A) x Runoff Value 

Drift = Application Rate (lb a.i./A) x 0.01 

Total Loading = EEC = Sheet Runoff + Drift 

Incorporated Ground Application with Drift (Non-granular): 

Sheet Runoff = [Application Rate (lb a.i./A)/Incorporation Depth (inch)] x Runoff Value 

 

Drift = Application Rate (lb a.i./A) x 0.01 

Total Loading = EEC = Sheet Runoff + Drift 

Un-incorporated Ground Application (Granular): 

Sheet Runoff = EEC = Application Rate (lb a.i./A) x Runoff Value 

Incorporated Ground Application without Drift (Granular): 

Sheet Runoff = EEC = [Application Rate (lb a.i./A)/Incorportion Depth (inch)] 

 

x Runoff Value 

Aerial/Airblast/Spray Chemigation Applications: 

Sheet Runoff = Application Rate (lb a.i./A) x Runoff Value x Application Efficiency of 

0.6 

 

Drift = Application Rate (lb a.i./A) x 0.05 

Total Loading = EEC = Sheet Runoff + Drift 

Runoff Value = 0.01, 0.02, or 0.05 when the solubility of the chemical is <10 ppm, 10-100 ppm, 

or>100 ppm, respectively 

Incorporation Depth: Use the minimum incorporation depth reported on the label. 

 132
APPENDIX F: Results from Submitted Eco Toxicity Studies 

for Siduron 

A. Toxicity to Terrestrial Animals 

An avian oral toxicity study is required to establish the toxicity of siduron to birds. The 

preferred test species is either mallard duck (a waterfowl) or bobwhite quail (an upland 

gamebird). Results of this test are tabulated below. 

i. Birds, Acute and Subacute

Avian Acute Oral Toxicity 

Species AI 

Study 

Duration 

Toxicity 

Category Oral LD50

Study 

Classification MRID 

Bobwhite quail 

(Colinus 

virginianus) 

14D, 

single 

dose 

Practically 

Non-Toxic

2,250 

(mg/kg) Acceptable 40991601 

Siduron is considered practically non-toxic to avian species given acute oral exposure. 

Species AI 

Study 

Duration 

Toxicity 

Category 

Dietary 

LC50

(ppm) 

Study 

Classification MRID 

Bobwhite quail 

(Colinus 

virginianus) 99.9 8 D 

Practically 

Non-Toxic

5,620 

(ppm) Acceptable 40991602 

Mallard duck 

(Anas 

platyrhynchos) 99.9 8 D 

Practically 

Non-Toxic

5,620 

(ppm) Acceptable 40991603 

Given an LC50 value of 5,620ppm, acute dietary exposure to siduron is practically not-toxic. 

ii. Birds, Reproductive Toxicity

An avian reproductive study testing siduron was submitted to the Agency and the details of the 

studies are illustrated in the following table. 

 133
Avian Reproductive Toxicity 

Species AI 

Study 

Duration 

 Toxicity 

Category 

Dietary 

LOEL 

(Survival)

(Growth) 

Study 

Classification MRID 

Bobwhite 

quail 

(Colinus 

virginianus) 99.7 

22 

Weeks 

Practically 

Non-Toxic

6,250 

(ppm) Acceptable 43883301 

iii. Mammals, Acute and Chronic 

No toxicity studies of the effects of siduron exposure to mammals were submitted. 

iv. Insects 

A honey bee acute contact study is required for siduron because its proposed uses may result in 

honey bee exposure. Results are tabulated below. The data support the claim that siduron is 

practically non-toxic to honey bees. 

Insecta 

Species % a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 50 

(PPM) 

Toxicity 

Category MRID 

Study 

Classification 

Honey bee (Apis 

mellifera) 99.9 48 hr 100 

Practically Nontoxic 41620602 Acceptable 

Honey bee (Apis 

mellifera) Form 48 hr 120 

Practically Nontoxic 00018842 Supplemental? 

 B. Toxicity to Freshwater Aquatic Animals

There were numerous studies submitted to assess the toxic effects of siduron exposure to 

freshwater aquatic animals. The table below presents the results of several acute freshwater fish 

toxicity studies, on two preferred test species, bluegill sunfish and rainbow trout. 

i. Freshwater Fish, Acute 

Species 

% 

a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 50 

(PPM) 

Toxicity 

Category MRID 

Study 

Classification

Bluegill sunfish 

(Lepomis macrochirus) 97.75 96 hr 12.9 

Slightly 

Toxic 43327901 Acceptable 

Bluegill sunfish 

(Lepomis macrochirus) 99.9 96 hr 15 

Slightly 

Toxic 40991605 Acceptable 

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 

2.3/0.

5 96 hr 9.4 

Moderately 

Toxic TN 473 NR 

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 3.10 96 hr 100 

Slightly 

Toxic TN 469 NR 

 134
Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 97.75 96 hr 8.1 

Moderately 

Toxic 43324501 Acceptable 

Rainbow trout 

(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 99.9 96 hr 13 

Slightly 

Toxic 40991604 Acceptable 

The effects data values cover a broad range. Siduron is classified as slightly toxic to highly 

toxic, with the most sensitive EC50 value of 0.13 ppm. 

ii. Fish, Chronic toxicity 

No chronic, freshwater fish toxicity studies were submitted. 

iii. Freshwater Invertebrates, Acute 

Crustacea 

Species 

% 

a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 50 

(PPM) 

Toxicity 

Category MRID 

Study 

Classification 

Water flea 

(Daphnia magna) 97.75 48 hr >13.7 

Slightly 

Toxic 43324502 Acceptable 

iv. Freshwater Invertebrate, Chronic

 

 C. Toxicity to Estuarine and Marine Animals

i. Estuarine and Marine Fish, Acute

Species % a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 50 

(PPM) 

Toxicity 

Category MRID 

Study 

Classification 

Sheepshead 

minnow 

(Cyprinodon 

variegatus) 97.75 96 hr 12.3 

Slightly 

Toxic 43327902 Acceptable 

ii. Estuarine and Marine Fish, Chronic

iii. Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates, Acute

Mollusca 

Species % a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 50 

(PPM) 

Toxicity 

Category MRID 

Study 

Classification 

Eastern oyster 

(Crassostrea 

virginica) 97.75 48 hr >10.8 

Slightly 

Toxic 43385401 Acceptable 

Mysids (Mysidopsis 

bahia) 96 hr 6.5 

458683-01 

Acceptable

 135
iv. Estuarine and Marine Invertebrate, Chronic

D. Toxicity to Plants

 Aquatic Plants 

Species 

% 

a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 50 

(PPM) 

Toxicity 

Category MRID 

Study 

Classification 

Green algae 

(Selenastrum 

capricornutum) 99.9 5days 0.21 

Highly 

Toxic? 42111002 Supplemental 

Terrestrial Plants 

Seedling Emergence 

Species 

% 

a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 25 

lb 

a.i./A MRID 

Study 

Classification 

Corn 

(Zea mays) 99 21 D 12 43385402 Supplemental 

Cucumber 

(Cucumis sativus) 99 21 D 8.1 43385402 Supplemental 

Garden pea 

(Pisum sativum) 99 21 D 12 43385402 Supplemental 

Garden pea 

(Pisum sativum) 99 21 D 2.0 43385402 Supplemental 

Onion 

(Allium cepa) 99 21 D 0.30 43385402 Supplemental 

Rape 

(Brassica sp.) 99 21 D 4.5 43385402 Supplemental 

Sorghum 

(Sorghum bicolor) 99 21 D 1.0 43385402 Supplemental 

Sorghum 

(Sorghum bicolor) 99 21 D 5.1 43385402 Supplemental 

Soybean 

(Glycine max) 99 21 D 7.3 43385402 Supplemental 

Sugar beet 

(Beta vulgaris) 99 21 D 12 43385402 Supplemental 

Tomato 

(Lycopersicon esculentum) 99 21 D 12 43385402 Supplemental 

Tomato 

(Lycopersicon esculentum) 99 21 D 2.8 43385402 Supplemental 

Wheat 

(Triticum aestivum) 99 21 D 2.1 43385402 Supplemental 

Vegetative Vigor 

 136
Species 

% 

a.i. 

Study 

Duration 

EC 50 

(lb ai/A) 

NOAEL 

(lbs ai/A) MRID 

Study 

Classification 

Onion (Allium cepa) 99 21 D 0.18 0.75 43385402 Supplemental 

Sorghum 99 21 D 4.7 1.5 43385402 Supplemental 

Cucumber 99 21 D >12 6.0 43385402 Supplemental 

Pea 99 21 D >12 12 43385402 Supplemental 

Rape 99 21 D 5.4 3.0 43385402 Supplemental 

Soybean 99 21 D 9.2 3.0 43385402 Supplemental 

Sugarbeet 99 21 D >12 12 43385402 Supplemental 

Tomato 99 21 D >12 6 43385402 Supplemental 

 137
APPENDIX G. PHENYLUREA HERBICIDE TOXICITY AND 

STRUCTURE DATA 

A search of the in-house effects toxicity data base for phenylurea herbicides with chronic toxicity 

data for a number of terrestrial and aquatic organisms and freshwater plants, resulted in several 

phenylureas being identified as possible data sources. Tebuthiuron is not a pheylurea urea but an 

thiadiazolylurea herbicide not a phenylurea. However, it was include as one of a few substituted 

ureas with both acute and chronic toxicity data that might shed some light on substituted urea 

toxicity patterns. 

Diruon Structure Siduron Structure 

 

Linuron Structure Thiadiazuron Structure 

 

Tebuthiuron Structure (A Substituted Urea but not a Phenylurea) 

 138
Phenylurea 

Herbicide 

Acute 

96-h LC50

(ppb) 

Study Conditions Study 

Source 

Bluegill sunfish, L. macrochirus

diuron 2800 age 0.8 g, S, 95% a.i., Acceptable 40098001 

diuron 3200 age N.R., S 95% a.i., Acceptable TN 1007 

linuron 9600 0.7 g, S, 96.2% a.i., Acceptable 40354201 

siduron 15000 age N.R., 99.9% a.i., Acceptable 40991605 

fluometuron 42500 0.6 g, 96.2% a.i., Acceptable 40098001 

fluometuron 48000 0.4 g, S, 97.2% a.i., Acceptable 42498002 

tebuthiuron 106000 0.8 g, S, 98% a.i., Acceptable 00020661 

siduron >12900 0.18 g, 97.75% a.i., Acceptable 43327901 

diuron >300,000 age N.R., S 80% a.i., Acceptable 42046001 

thidiazuron >32000 2.02 g, S, 99.3% a.i., Acceptable 42069201 

Rainbow trout, O. mykiss

diuron 1950 1.28 g, S, 95% a.i., Acceptable TN 1020 

fluometuron 2960 0.70 g, S, 98.7% a.i., Acceptable 40098001 

linuron 3000 0.77 g, S, 96.2% a.i., Acceptable 40445501 

siduron 8100 0.2 g, S, 97.75% a.i., Acceptable 43324501 

siduron 13000 age N.R., S, 99.9% a.i., Acceptable 40991604 

fluometuron 14500 0.6 g, S, 96.2% a.i., Acceptable 40098001 

fluometuron 26200 1.19 g, F, 97.2% a.i., Acceptable 42505001 

fluometuron 30000 1.1 g, F, 97.2% a.i., Acceptable 42498003 

tebuthiuron 143000 age N.R., S, 98% a.i., Acceptable 00020661 

thidiazuron >19000 0.41 g, S, 99.3% a.i., Acceptable 42069202 

 139
APPENDIX H: Federally Listed Species that Co-Occur with 

Potential Siduron Use Sites at the County-Level (Based on 

LOCATES). 

Species Listing by State with Use Criteria

No species were excluded

Minimum of 10 Acres.

All Medium Types Reported

Mammal, Marine mml, Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Fish, Crustacean, Bivalve, 

Gastropod, Arachnid, Insect, Dicot, Monocot, Ferns, Conf/cycds, Coral, Lichen

sod harvested

Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Salamander, Red Hills Threatened Amphibian No

(Phaeognathus hubrichti) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mucket, Orangenacre Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis perovalis) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Acornshell Southern Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma othcaloogensis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Dark Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema furvum) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cuneolus) Freshwater

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema taitianum) Freshwater

 140
8/20/2007 10:01:05 AM Ver. 2.10.3 Page 1 of 71

 141
Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cor) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Alabama Lamp Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis virescens) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula intermedia) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Endangered Bivalve No

(Toxolasma cylindrellus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Turgid-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma turgidula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Stirrupshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula stapes) Freshwater

Shrimp, Alabama Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Palaemonias alabamae) Freshwater

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Threatened Dicot No

(Marshallia mohrii) Terrestrial

Bladderpod, Lyrate Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella lyrata) Terrestrial

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

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 142
Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Leather-flower, Alabama Endangered Dicot No

(Clematis socialis) Terrestrial

Leather-flower, Morefield's Endangered Dicot No

(Clematis morefieldii) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Alabama Canebrake Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia rubra alabamensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Green Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia oreophila) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Cavefish, Alabama Endangered Fish Yes

(Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni) Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Darter, Boulder Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma wapiti) Freshwater

Darter, Goldline Threatened Fish No

(Percina aurolineata) Freshwater

Darter, Slackwater Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma boschungi) Freshwater

Darter, Snail Threatened Fish No

(Percina tanasi) Freshwater

Madtom, Yellowfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Noturus flavipinnis) Freshwater

Sculpin, Pygmy Threatened Fish No

(Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus)) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Shiner, Cahaba Endangered Fish No

(Notropis cahabae) Freshwater

Shiner, Palezone Endangered Fish No

(Notropis albizonatus) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Alabama Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Campeloma, Slender Endangered Gastropod No

(Campeloma decampi) Freshwater

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Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pebblesnail, Flat Endangered Gastropod No

(Lepyrium showalteri) Freshwater

Riversnail, Anthony's Endangered Gastropod No

(Athearnia anthonyi) Freshwater

Rocksnail, Painted Threatened Gastropod No

(Leptoxis taeniata) Freshwater

Rocksnail, Round Threatened Gastropod No

(Leptoxis ampla) Freshwater

Snail, Armored Endangered Gastropod No

(Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta) Freshwater

Snail, Lioplax Cylindrical Endangered Gastropod No

(Lioplax cyclostomaformis) Freshwater

Snail, Tulotoma Endangered Gastropod No

(Tulotoma magnifica) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Mouse, Alabama Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) Coastal (neritic)

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied Endangered Reptile No

(Pseudemys alabamensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Flattened Musk Threatened Reptile No

(Sternotherus depressus) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Arizona ( 38) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Threatened Amphibian No

(Rana chiricahuensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Condor, California Endangered Bird Yes

(Gymnogyps californianus) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

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Arizona ( 38) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Pygmy-owl, Cactus Ferruginous Endangered Bird No

(Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

Cactus, Arizona Hedgehog Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus) Terrestrial

Cactus, Brady Pincushion Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus bradyi) Terrestrial

Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Head Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Peebles Navajo Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus peeblesianus peeblesianus) Terrestrial

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) Terrestrial

Cliffrose, Arizona Endangered Dicot No

(Purshia (=cowania) subintegra) Terrestrial

Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks Threatened Dicot Yes

(Senecio franciscanus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Sentry Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Welsh's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Asclepias welshii) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Gila Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila intermedia) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Minnow, Loach Threatened Fish Yes

(Tiaroga cobitis) Freshwater

Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater

Spikedace Threatened Fish Yes

(Meda fulgida) Freshwater

Spinedace, Little Colorado Threatened Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda vittata) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

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Arizona ( 38) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Endangered Fish No

(Poeciliopsis occidentalis) Freshwater

Trout, Apache Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus apache) Freshwater

Trout, Gila Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus gilae) Freshwater

Ambersnail, Kanab Endangered Gastropod No

(Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long-nosed Endangered Mammal No

(Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Jaguar Endangered Mammal No

(Panthera onca) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca) Terrestrial

Ocelot Endangered Mammal No

(Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis) Terrestrial

Squirrel, Mount Graham Red Endangered Mammal Yes

(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis) Terrestrial

Vole, Hualapai Mexican Endangered Mammal No

(Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Sedge, Navajo Threatened Monocot Yes

(Carex specuicola) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Arkansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Fatmucket, Arkansas Threatened Bivalve No

(Lampsilis powelli) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Bladderpod, Missouri Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella filiformis) Terrestrial

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Arkansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Ozark Big-eared Endangered Mammal No

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii ingens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, California Red-legged Threatened Amphibian Yes

(Rana aurora draytonii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Frog, Mountain Yellow-legged Endangered Amphibian No

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Salamander, California Tiger Endangered Amphibian No

(Ambystoma californiense) Terrestrial, Vernal pool

Salamander, Desert Slender Endangered Amphibian No

(Batrachoseps aridus) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, Santa Cruz Long-toed Endangered Amphibian No

(Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Toad, Arroyo Southwestern Endangered Amphibian Yes

(Bufo californicus (=microscaphus)) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Condor, California Endangered Bird Yes

(Gymnogyps californianus) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Gnatcatcher, Coastal California Threatened Bird Yes

(Polioptila californica californica) Terrestrial

Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes

(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Plover, Western Snowy Threatened Bird Yes

(Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Terrestrial

Rail, California Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris obsoletus) Terrestrial

Rail, Light-footed Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris levipes) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Shrike, San Clemente Loggerhead Endangered Bird No

(Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) Terrestrial

Sparrow, San Clemente Sage Threatened Bird No

(Amphispiza belli clementeae) Terrestrial

Tern, California Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum browni) Terrestrial

Towhee, Inyo Brown Threatened Bird Yes

(Pipilo crissalis eremophilus) Terrestrial

Vireo, Least Bell's Endangered Bird Yes

(Vireo bellii pusillus) Terrestrial

Cypress, Gowen Threatened Conf/cycds No

(Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana) Terrestrial

Abalone, White Endangered Crustacean No

(Haliotis sorenseni) Saltwater

Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta conservatio) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta longiantenna) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Riverside Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Streptocephalus woottoni) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, San Diego Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta sandiegonensis) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Threatened Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta lynchi) Vernal pool

Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Pool Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Lepidurus packardi) Vernal pool

Adobe Sunburst, San Joaquin Threatened Dicot No

(Pseudobahia peirsonii) Terrestrial

Ambrosia, San Diego Endangered Dicot No

(Ambrosia pumila) Terrestrial

Baccharis, Encinitas Threatened Dicot No

(Baccharis vanessae) Terrestrial

Barberry, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis) Terrestrial

Barberry, Nevin's Endangered Dicot No

(Berberis nevinii) Terrestrial

Bedstraw, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Galium buxifolium) Terrestrial

Bird's-beak, Palmate-bracted Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus palmatus) Terrestrial

Bird's-beak, salt marsh Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) Saltwater

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bird's-beak, Soft Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis) Brackish, Saltwater

Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina) Terrestrial

Bluecurls, Hidden Lake Threatened Dicot No

(Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum) Terrestrial

Broom, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Southern Mountain Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum) Terrestrial

Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothamnus clementinus) Terrestrial

Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus) Terrestrial

Button-celery, San Diego Endangered Dicot No

(Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Bakersfield Endangered Dicot No

(Opuntia treleasei) Terrestrial

Ceanothus, Coyote Endangered Dicot No

(Ceanothus ferrisae) Terrestrial

Ceanothus, Vail Lake Threatened Dicot No

(Ceanothus ophiochilus) Terrestrial

Centaury, Spring-loving Threatened Dicot Yes

(Centaurium namophilum) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Keck's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sidalcea keckii) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Pedate Endangered Dicot No

(Sidalcea pedata) Terrestrial

Clarkia, Pismo Endangered Dicot No

(Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata) Terrestrial

Clarkia, Springville Threatened Dicot No

(Clarkia springvillensis) Terrestrial

Clover, Fleshy Owl's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta) Vernal pool

Clover, Monterey Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium trichocalyx) Terrestrial

Crownbeard, Big-leaved Threatened Dicot No

(Verbesina dissita) Terrestrial

Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Atriplex coronata var. notatior) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Daisy, Parish's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Erigeron parishii) Freshwater

Dudleya, Conejo Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Marcescent Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Dudleya setchellii) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya nesiotica) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Monica Mountains Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Verity's Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya verityi) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes Endangered Dicot Yes

(Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, San Benito Threatened Dicot No

(Camissonia benitensis) Terrestrial

Fiddleneck, Large-flowered Endangered Dicot Yes

(Amsinckia grandiflora) Terrestrial

Flannelbush, Mexican Endangered Dicot No

(Fremontodendron mexicanum) Terrestrial

Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Thysanocarpus conchuliferus) Terrestrial

Gilia, Hoffmann's Slender-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) Terrestrial

Gilia, Monterey Endangered Dicot No

(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria) Terrestrial

Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's Endangered Dicot No

(Pseudobahia bahiifolia) Terrestrial

Goldfields, Burke's Endangered Dicot No

(Lasthenia burkei) Terrestrial

Goldfields, Contra Costa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lasthenia conjugens) Terrestrial

Grass, Hairy Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia pilosa) Vernal pool

Grass, Sacramento Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia viscida) Vernal pool

Grass, Slender Orcutt Threatened Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia tenuis) Vernal pool

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) Terrestrial

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Ivesia kingii var. eremica) Terrestrial

Jewelflower, California Endangered Dicot No

(Caulanthus californicus) Terrestrial

Larkspur, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense) Terrestrial

Layia, Beach Endangered Dicot No

(Layia carnosa) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island Endangered Dicot No

(Dudleya traskiae) Terrestrial

Lupine, Clover Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus tidestromii) Coastal (neritic)

Lupine, Nipomo Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus nipomensis) Coastal (neritic)

Malacothrix, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothrix squalida) Terrestrial

Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothrix indecora) Terrestrial

Mallow, Kern Endangered Dicot No

(Eremalche kernensis) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Del Mar Endangered Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Morro Threatened Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos morroensis) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island Endangered Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos confertiflora) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Braunton's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus brauntonii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Coachella Valley Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Coastal Dunes Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus tener var. titi) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus albens) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Fish Slough Threatened Dicot No

(Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Lane Mountain Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus jaegerianus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Triple-ribbed Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus tricarinatus) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Milk-vetch, Ventura Marsh Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Mint, Otay Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Pogogyne nudiuscula) Terrestrial

Mint, San Diego Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Pogogyne abramsii) Terrestrial

Monardella, Willowy Endangered Dicot No

(Monardella linoides ssp. viminea) Terrestrial

Mountainbalm, Indian Knob Endangered Dicot No

(Eriodictyon altissimum) Terrestrial

Mountain-mahogany, Catalina Island Endangered Dicot No

(Cercocarpus traskiae) Terrestrial

Mustard, Slender-petaled Endangered Dicot No

(Thelypodium stenopetalum) Terrestrial

Navarretia, Few-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciflora (=N. pauciflora)) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Navarretia, Many-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha) Terrestrial, Vernal pool

Navarretia, Spreading Threatened Dicot No

(Navarretia fossalis) Vernal pool

Niterwort, Amargosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nitrophila mohavensis) Terrestrial

Oxytheca, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Ash-grey Indian Threatened Dicot No

(Castilleja cinerea) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja grisea) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Soft-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja mollis) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Tiburon Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta) Terrestrial

Pentachaeta, Lyon's Endangered Dicot No

(Pentachaeta lyonii) Terrestrial

Phacelia, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis) Terrestrial

Phlox, Yreka Endangered Dicot No

(Phlox hirsuta) Terrestrial

Potentilla, Hickman's Endangered Dicot No

(Potentilla hickmanii) Terrestrial

Pussypaws, Mariposa Threatened Dicot No

(Calyptridium pulchellum) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rock-cress, Hoffmann's Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis hoffmannii) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, McDonald's Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis mcdonaldiana) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Sibara filifolia) Terrestrial

Rush-rose, Island Threatened Dicot No

(Helianthemum greenei) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Bear Valley Threatened Dicot No

(Arenaria ursina) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Marsh Endangered Dicot No

(Arenaria paludicola) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Sea-blite, California Endangered Dicot No

(Suaeda californica) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Howell's Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe howellii) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Monterey Threatened Dicot Yes

(Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Orcutt's Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe orcuttiana) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Robust Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Slender-horned Endangered Dicot No

(Dodecahema leptoceras) Terrestrial

Spurge, Hoover's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce hooveri) Vernal pool

Stonecrop, Lake County Endangered Dicot No

(Parvisedum leiocarpum) Vernal pool

Taraxacum, California Endangered Dicot No

(Taraxacum californicum) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Gaviota Endangered Dicot Yes

(Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Otay Threatened Dicot Yes

(Deinandra (=Hemizonia) conjugens) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Santa Cruz Threatened Dicot Yes

(Holocarpha macradenia) Terrestrial

Thistle, Chorro creek Bog Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Thistle, Fountain Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale) Terrestrial

Thistle, La Graciosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cirsium loncholepis) Coastal (neritic), Freshwater, 

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Thistle, Suisun Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum) Brackish, Terrestrial

Thornmint, San Diego Threatened Dicot No

(Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Terrestrial

Tuctoria, Green's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tuctoria greenei) Vernal pool

Wallflower, Menzie's Endangered Dicot No

(Erysimum menziesii) Terrestrial

Watercress, Gambel's Endangered Dicot No

(Rorippa gambellii) Terrestrial, Brackish, Freshwater

Woodland-star, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Lithophragma maximum) Terrestrial

Woolly-star, Santa Ana River Endangered Dicot No

(Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum) Terrestrial

Woolly-threads, San Joaquin Endangered Dicot No

(Monolopia (=Lembertia) congdonii) Terrestrial

Yerba Santa, Lompoc Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriodictyon capitatum) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Mohave Tui Endangered Fish No

(Gila bicolor mohavensis) Freshwater

Chub, Owens Tui Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila bicolor snyderi) Freshwater

Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled Endangered Fish Yes

(Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) Freshwater

Goby, Tidewater Endangered Fish Yes

(Eucyclogobius newberryi) Freshwater

Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater

Pupfish, Owens Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon radiosus) Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (California Coastal Run) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Spring Run) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Sacramento River Winter Run) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish

Salmon, Coho (Central California Coast population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salmon, Coho (Southern OR/Northern CA Coast) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Smelt, Delta Threatened Fish Yes

(Hypomesus transpacificus) Freshwater, Brackish

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Steelhead, (California Central Valley population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Central California Coast population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Northern California population) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Steelhead, (South-Central California population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Southern California population) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine Endangered Fish No

(Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni) Freshwater

Sturgeon, green Threatened Fish No

(Acipenser medirostris)

Sucker, Lost River Endangered Fish No

(Deltistes luxatus) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Sucker, Santa Ana Threatened Fish Yes

(Catostomus santaanae) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Trout, Little Kern Golden Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei) Freshwater

Trout, Paiute Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) Freshwater

Snail, Morro Shoulderband Endangered Gastropod Yes

(Helminthoglypta walkeriana) Terrestrial

Beetle, Delta Green Ground Threatened Insect Yes

(Elaphrus viridis) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Threatened Insect Yes

(Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot (Wright's euphydryas) Threatened Insect Yes

(Euphydryas editha bayensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot Endangered Insect No

(Speyeria zerene behrensii) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, El Segundo Blue Endangered Insect No

(Euphilotes battoides allyni) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Lotis Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue Endangered Insect Yes

(Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Quino Checkerspot Endangered Insect Yes

(Euphydryas editha quino (=E. e. wrighti)) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Smith's Blue Endangered Insect No

(Euphilotes enoptes smithi) Terrestrial

Fly, Delhi Sands Flower-loving Endangered Insect No

(Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis) Terrestrial

Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx Threatened Insect No

(Euproserpinus euterpe) Terrestrial

Skipper, Laguna Mountain Endangered Insect No

(Pyrgus ruralis lagunae) Terrestrial

Fox, San Joaquin Kit Endangered Mammal No

(Vulpes macrotis mutica) Terrestrial

Fox, San Miguel Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis littoralis) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Catalina Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis catalinae) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis santacruzae) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Rosa Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis santarosae) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Fresno Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys nitratoides exilis) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Giant Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys ingens) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Morro Bay Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys heermanni morroensis) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino Merriam's Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys merriami parvus) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Stephens' Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus)) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Tipton Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides) Terrestrial

Mountain Beaver, Point Arena Endangered Mammal No

(Aplodontia rufa nigra) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Mouse, Pacific Pocket Endangered Mammal No

(Perognathus longimembris pacificus) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Endangered Mammal No

(Reithrodontomys raviventris) Terrestrial

Rabbit, Riparian Brush Endangered Mammal No

(Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) Terrestrial

Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn Endangered Mammal Yes

(Ovis canadensis) Terrestrial

Sheep, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Endangered Mammal No

(Ovis canadensis californiana) Terrestrial

Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Ornate Endangered Mammal Yes

(Sorex ornatus relictus) Terrestrial

Vole, Amargosa Endangered Mammal Yes

(Microtus californicus scirpensis) Terrestrial

Woodrat, Riparian Endangered Mammal No

(Neotoma fuscipes riparia) Terrestrial

Otter, Southern Sea Threatened Marine mml No

(Enhydra lutris nereis) Saltwater

Seal, Guadalupe Fur Threatened Marine mml No

(Arctocephalus townsendi) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Amole, Cammatta Canyon Threatened Monocot Yes

(Chlorogalum purpureum var. reductum) Terrestrial

Amole, Purple Threatened Monocot Yes

(Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum) Terrestrial

Bluegrass, San Bernardino Endangered Monocot No

(Poa atropurpurea) Terrestrial

Brodiaea, Thread-leaved Threatened Monocot Yes

(Brodiaea filifolia) Terrestrial

Grass, California Orcutt Endangered Monocot No

(Orcuttia californica) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Grass, Colusa Threatened Monocot No

(Neostapfia colusana) Vernal pool

Grass, Eureka Dune Endangered Monocot No

(Swallenia alexandrae) Terrestrial

Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt Threatened Monocot Yes

(Orcuttia inaequalis) Vernal pool

Grass, Solano Endangered Monocot Yes

(Tuctoria mucronata) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Onion, Munz's Endangered Monocot No

(Allium munzii) Terrestrial

Piperia, Yadon's Endangered Monocot No

(Piperia yadonii) Terrestrial

Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard Endangered Reptile No

(Gambelia silus) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Threatened Reptile Yes

(Uma inornata) Terrestrial

Lizard, Island Night Threatened Reptile No

(Xantusia riversiana) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, olive ridley Threatened Reptile No

(Lepidochelys olivacea) Saltwater

Snake, Giant Garter Threatened Reptile No

(Thamnophis gigas) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Colorado ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Butterfly Plant, Colorado Threatened Dicot Yes

(Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis) Terrestrial

Cactus, Knowlton Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus knowltonii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Mesa Verde Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Terrestrial

Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Mancos Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus humillimus) Terrestrial

Wild-buckwheat, Clay-loving Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum pelinophilum) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Trout, Greenback Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki stomias) Freshwater

Skipper, Pawnee Montane Threatened Insect No

(Hesperia leonardus montana) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping Threatened Mammal Yes

(Zapus hudsonius preblei) Terrestrial

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Colorado ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Connecticut ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Delaware ( 4) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Caracara, Audubon's Crested Threatened Bird No

(Polyborus plancus audubonii) Terrestrial

Kite, Everglade Snail Endangered Bird Yes

(Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Scrub-Jay, Florida Threatened Bird No

(Aphelocoma coerulescens) Terrestrial

Sparrow, Cape Sable Seaside Endangered Bird Yes

(Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) Terrestrial

Sparrow, Florida Grasshopper Endangered Bird No

(Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Bankclimber, Purple Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptoideus sloatianus) Freshwater

Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus penicillatus) Freshwater

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Ochlockonee Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus simpsonianus) Freshwater

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema pyriforme) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Slabshell, Chipola Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptio chipolaensis) Freshwater

Threeridge, Fat (Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Amblema neislerii) Freshwater

Torreya, Florida Endangered Conf/cycds No

(Torreya taxifolia) Terrestrial

Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave Threatened Crustacean No

(Palaemonetes cummingi) Freshwater, Subterraneous

Aster, Florida Golden Endangered Dicot No

(Chrysopsis floridana) Terrestrial

Birds-in-a-nest, White Threatened Dicot No

(Macbridea alba) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Liatris ohlingerae) Terrestrial

Bonamia, Florida Threatened Dicot No

(Bonamia grandiflora) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Scrub Threatened Dicot No

(Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) Terrestrial

Butterwort, Godfrey's Threatened Dicot No

(Pinguicula ionantha) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Campion, Fringed Endangered Dicot No

(Silene polypetala) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Fringe Tree, Pygmy Endangered Dicot No

(Chionanthus pygmaeus) Terrestrial

Gooseberry, Miccosukee Threatened Dicot No

(Ribes echinellum) Terrestrial

Gourd, Okeechobee Endangered Dicot No

(Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis) Terrestrial

Harebells, Avon Park Endangered Dicot No

(Crotalaria avonensis) Terrestrial

Hypericum, Highlands Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Hypericum cumulicola) Terrestrial

Jacquemontia, Beach Endangered Dicot No

(Jacquemontia reclinata) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lead-plant, Crenulate Endangered Dicot No

(Amorpha crenulata) Terrestrial

Lupine, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus aridorum) Terrestrial

Meadowrue, Cooley's Endangered Dicot No

(Thalictrum cooleyi) Terrestrial

Milkpea, Small's Endangered Dicot No

(Galactia smallii) Terrestrial

Mint, Garrett's Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra christmanii) Terrestrial

Mint, Lakela's Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra immaculata) Terrestrial

Mint, Longspurred Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra cornutissima) Terrestrial

Mint, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra frutescens) Terrestrial

Mustard, Carter's Endangered Dicot No

(Warea carteri) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Beautiful Endangered Dicot No

(Deeringothamnus pulchellus) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Four-petal Endangered Dicot No

(Asimina tetramera) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Rugel's Endangered Dicot No

(Deeringothamnus rugelii) Terrestrial

Pinkroot, Gentian Endangered Dicot No

(Spigelia gentianoides) Terrestrial

Plum, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Prunus geniculata) Terrestrial

Polygala, Lewton's Endangered Dicot No

(Polygala lewtonii) Terrestrial

Polygala, Tiny Endangered Dicot No

(Polygala smallii) Terrestrial

Rhododendron, Chapman Endangered Dicot No

(Rhododendron chapmanii) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Etonia Endangered Dicot No

(Conradina etonia) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Short-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Conradina brevifolia) Terrestrial

Sandlace Endangered Dicot No

(Polygonella myriophylla) Terrestrial

Snakeroot Endangered Dicot No

(Eryngium cuneifolium) Terrestrial

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spurge, Deltoid Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea) Terrestrial

Spurge, Garber's Threatened Dicot No

(Chamaesyce garberi) Terrestrial

Spurge, Telephus Threatened Dicot No

(Euphorbia telephioides) Terrestrial

Warea, Wide-leaf Endangered Dicot No

(Warea amplexifolia) Terrestrial

Whitlow-wort, Papery Threatened Dicot No

(Paronychia chartacea) Terrestrial

Wings, Pigeon Threatened Dicot No

(Clitoria fragrans) Terrestrial

Wireweed Endangered Dicot No

(Polygonella basiramia) Terrestrial

Ziziphus, Florida Endangered Dicot No

(Ziziphus celata) Terrestrial

Darter, Okaloosa Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma okaloosae) Freshwater

Sawfish, Smalltooth Endangered Fish No

(Pristis pectinata) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Butterfly, Schaus Swallowtail Endangered Insect No

(Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus) Terrestrial

Cladonia, Florida Perforate Endangered Lichen No

(Cladonia perforata) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Mouse, Anastasia Island Beach Endangered Mammal No

(Peromyscus polionotus phasma) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Choctawhatchee Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus allophrys) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Southeastern Beach Threatened Mammal No

(Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Panther, Florida Endangered Mammal No

(Puma (=Felis) concolor coryi) Terrestrial

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Beargrass, Britton's Endangered Monocot No

(Nolina brittoniana) Terrestrial

Seagrass, Johnson's Threatened Monocot Yes

(Halophila johnsonii) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Crocodile, American Threatened Reptile Yes

(Crocodylus acutus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Skink, Blue-tailed Mole Threatened Reptile No

(Eumeces egregius lividus) Terrestrial

Skink, Sand Threatened Reptile No

(Neoseps reynoldsi) Terrestrial

Snake, Atlantic Salt Marsh Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia clarkii taeniata) Saltwater, Terrestrial, Brackish

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Georgia ( 39) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Bankclimber, Purple Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptoideus sloatianus) Freshwater

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mussel, Acornshell Southern Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma othcaloogensis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

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Georgia ( 39) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus penicillatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema pyriforme) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

Threeridge, Fat (Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Amblema neislerii) Freshwater

Torreya, Florida Endangered Conf/cycds No

(Torreya taxifolia) Terrestrial

Amphianthus, Little Threatened Dicot No

(Amphianthus pusillus) Freshwater

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Threatened Dicot No

(Marshallia mohrii) Terrestrial

Campion, Fringed Endangered Dicot No

(Silene polypetala) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pitcher-plant, Green Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia oreophila) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Rattleweed, Hairy Endangered Dicot No

(Baptisia arachnifera) Terrestrial

Skullcap, Large-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Scutellaria montana) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Black-spored Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes melanospora) Vernal pool

Quillwort, Mat-forming Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes tegetiformans) Vernal pool

Darter, Cherokee Threatened Fish No

(Etheostoma scotti) Freshwater

Darter, Etowah Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma etowahae) Freshwater

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Georgia ( 39) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Darter, Goldline Threatened Fish No

(Percina aurolineata) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

'Akepa, Hawaii Endangered Bird No

(Loxops coccineus coccineus) Terrestrial

'Akepa, Maui Endangered Bird No

(Loxops coccineus ochraceus) Terrestrial

'Akia Loa, Kauai (Hemignathus procerus) Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus procerus) Terrestrial

'Akia Pola'au (Hemignathus munroi) Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus munroi) Terrestrial

Albatross, Short-tailed Endangered Bird No

(Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus) Terrestrial, Saltwater

Coot, Hawaiian (=Alae keo keo) Endangered Bird No

(Fulica americana alai) Terrestrial

Creeper, Hawaii Endangered Bird No

(Oreomystis mana) Terrestrial

Creeper, Molokai (Kakawahie) Endangered Bird No

(Paroreomyza flammea) Terrestrial

Creeper, Oahu (Alauwahio) Endangered Bird No

(Paroreomyza maculata) Terrestrial

Crow, Hawaiian ('Alala) Endangered Bird No

(Corvus hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Duck, Hawaiian (Koloa) Endangered Bird No

(Anas wyvilliana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Duck, Laysan Endangered Bird No

(Anas laysanensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Elepaio, Oahu Endangered Bird Yes

(Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) Terrestrial

Finch, Laysan Endangered Bird No

(Telespyza cantans) Terrestrial

Finch, Nihoa Endangered Bird No

(Telespyza ultima) Terrestrial

Goose, Hawaiian (Nene) Endangered Bird No

(Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Hawk, Hawaiian (Io) Endangered Bird No

(Buteo solitarius) Terrestrial

Honeycreeper, Crested ('Akohekohe) Endangered Bird No

(Palmeria dolei) Terrestrial

Millerbird, Nihoa Endangered Bird No

(Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) Terrestrial

Moorhen, Hawaiian Common Endangered Bird No

(Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) Terrestrial

Nuku Pu'u Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus lucidus) Terrestrial

'O'o, Kauai (='A'a) Endangered Bird No

(Moho braccatus) Terrestrial

'O'u (Honeycreeper) Endangered Bird No

(Psittirostra psittacea) Terrestrial

Palila Endangered Bird Yes

(Loxioides bailleui) Terrestrial

Parrotbill, Maui Endangered Bird No

(Pseudonestor xanthophrys) Terrestrial

Petrel, Hawaiian Dark-rumped Endangered Bird No

(Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis) Terrestrial

Po'ouli Endangered Bird No

(Melamprosops phaeosoma) Terrestrial

Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's Threatened Bird No

(Puffinus auricularis newelli) Terrestrial, Saltwater

Stilt, Hawaiian (=Ae'o) Endangered Bird No

(Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) Terrestrial

Thrush, Large Kauai Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes myadestinus) Terrestrial

Thrush, Molokai (Oloma'o) Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes lanaiensis rutha) Terrestrial

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 166
Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Thrush, Small Kauai (Puaiohi) Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes palmeri) Terrestrial

Amphipod, Kauai Cave Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Spelaeorchestia koloana) Freshwater, Subterraneous

Abutilon eremitopetalum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Abutilon eremitopetalum) Terrestrial

Abutilon sandwicense (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Abutilon sandwicense) Terrestrial

Achyranthes mutica (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Achyranthes mutica) Terrestrial

Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) Terrestrial

A'e (Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) Terrestrial

A'e (Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) Terrestrial

'Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nothocestrum breviflorum) Terrestrial

'Aiea (Nothocestrum peltatum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nothocestrum peltatum) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce deppeana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce herbstii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce herbstii) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce rockii) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. skottsbe Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Euphorbia haeleeleana) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope adscendens) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope adscendens) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope balloui) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope balloui) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope haupuensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope haupuensis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope knudsenii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope knudsenii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Alani (Melicope lydgatei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope lydgatei) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope mucronulata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope mucronulata) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope munroi) Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope munroi) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope ovalis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope ovalis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope pallida) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope pallida) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope quadrangularis) Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope quadrangularis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope reflexa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope reflexa) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope saint-johnii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope saint-johnii) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope zahlbruckneri) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope zahlbruckneri) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron obovatum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron obovatum) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron trinerve (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron trinerve) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron viscosum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron viscosum) Terrestrial

Amaranthus brownii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Amaranthus brownii) Terrestrial

'Anaunau (Lepidium arbuscula) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lepidium arbuscula) Terrestrial

'Anunu (Sicyos alba) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sicyos alba) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion hosakae) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion laurifolium) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion longifolium) Terrestrial

'Awikiwiki (Canavalia molokaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Canavalia molokaiensis) Terrestrial

'Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Centaurium sebaeoides) Terrestrial

'Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis cookiana) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bonamia menziesii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bonamia menziesii) Terrestrial

Chamaesyce Halemanui (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce halemanui) Terrestrial

Cyanea undulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea undulata) Terrestrial

Delissea rhytodisperma (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea rhytidosperma) Terrestrial

Dubautia latifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia latifolia) Terrestrial

Dubautia pauciflorula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia pauciflorula) Terrestrial

Geranium, Hawaiian Red-flowered Endangered Dicot Yes

(Geranium arboreum) Terrestrial

Gouania hillebrandii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania hillebrandii) Terrestrial

Gouania meyenii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania meyenii) Terrestrial

Gouania vitifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania vitifolia) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea acuminata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea acuminata) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea asarifolia) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea Crispa) (=Rollandia crispa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea (=Rollandia) crispa) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea dunbarii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea dunbarii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea glabra) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea glabra) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea hamatiflora carlsonii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Haha (Cyanea humboldtiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea humboldtiana) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea koolauensis) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea longiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea longiflora) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea Macrostegia var. gibsonii) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea mannii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea mceldowneyi) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea pinnatifida) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea platyphylla) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea procera) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea procera) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea recta) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Cyanea recta) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea remyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea remyi) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea shipmannii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea stictophylla) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea St-Johnii) (=Rollandia St-Johnii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea st-johnii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea superba) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea superba) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra crenata) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyrtandra crenata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra dentata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra dentata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra giffardii) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra limahuliensis) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra limahuliensis) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra munroi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra munroi) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra polyantha) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra subumbellata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra subumbellata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra viridiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra viridiflora) Terrestrial

Haplostachys Haplostachya (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Haplostachys haplostachya) Terrestrial

Hau Kauhiwi (Hibiscadelphus woodi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscadelphus woodii) Terrestrial

Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus distans) Endangered Dicot No

(Hibiscadelphus distans) Terrestrial

Heau (Exocarpos luteolus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Exocarpos luteolus) Terrestrial

Hedyotis degeneri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis degeneri) Terrestrial

Hedyotis parvula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis parvula) Terrestrial

Hedyotis St.-Johnii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis st.-johnii) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia arborescens (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia arborescens) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia arbuscula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia arbuscula) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Hibiscus, Clay's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus clayi) Terrestrial

Holei (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Terrestrial

Iliau (Wilkesia hobdyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Wilkesia hobdyi) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia cyrtandrae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia cyrtandrae) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia lydgatei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaen) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia triflora) Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia triflora) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Kanaloa kahoolawensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kanaloa kahoolawensis) Terrestrial

Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Colubrina oppositifolia) Terrestrial

Kaulu (Pteralyxia kauaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Pteralyxia kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Kio'Ele (Hedyotis coriacea) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis coriacea) Terrestrial

Kiponapona (Phyllostegia racemosa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia racemosa) Terrestrial

Koki'o (Kokia drynarioides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kokia drynarioides) Terrestrial

Koki'o (Kokia kauaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kokia kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) Terrestrial

Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) Terrestrial

Kolea (Myrsine juddii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Myrsine juddii) Terrestrial

Kolea (Myrsine linearifolia) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Myrsine linearifolia) Terrestrial

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) Terrestrial

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens wiebkei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bidens wiebkei) Terrestrial

Ko'oloa'ula (Abutilon menziesii) Endangered Dicot No

(Abutilon menziesii) Terrestrial

Kopa (Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) Endangered Dicot No

(Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) Terrestrial

Kuawawaenohu (Alsinidendron lychnoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron lychnoides) Terrestrial

Kulu'I (Nototrichium humile) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nototrichium humile) Terrestrial

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago hawaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Plantago hawaiensis) Terrestrial

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago princeps) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Plantago princeps) Terrestrial

Laulihilihi (Schiedea stellarioides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea stellarioides) Terrestrial

Lipochaeta venosa (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Lipochaeta venosa) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lobelia monostachya (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia monostachya) Terrestrial

Lobelia niihauensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia niihauensis) Terrestrial

Lobelia oahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia oahuensis) Terrestrial

Lysimachia filifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia filifolia) Terrestrial

Lysimachia lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Lysimachia maxima (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia maxima) Terrestrial

Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alectryon macrococcus) Terrestrial

Makou (Peucedanum sandwicense) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Peucedanum sandwicense) Terrestrial

Ma'o Hau Hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus brackenridgei) Terrestrial

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea apokremnos) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea apokremnos) Terrestrial

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea kealiae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kealiae) Terrestrial

Mapele (Cyrtandra cyaneoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra cyaneoides) Terrestrial

Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Flueggea neowawraea) Terrestrial

Munroidendron racemosum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Munroidendron racemosum) Terrestrial

Na'ena'e (Dubautia herbstobatae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Na'ena'e (Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) Terrestrial

Nani Wai'ale'ale (Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis) Terrestrial

Nanu (Gardenia mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gardenia mannii) Terrestrial

Na'u (Gardenia brighamii) Endangered Dicot No

(Gardenia brighamii) Terrestrial

Naupaka, Dwarf (Scaevola coriacea) Endangered Dicot No

(Scaevola coriacea) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta fauriei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta fauriei) Terrestrial

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 173
Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Nehe (Lipochaeta kamolensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta kamolensis) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta micrantha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta micrantha) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta waimeaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta waimeaensis) Terrestrial

Neraudia angulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia angulata) Terrestrial

Neraudia ovata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia ovata) Terrestrial

Neraudia sericea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia sericea) Terrestrial

Nioi (Eugenia koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eugenia koolauensis) Terrestrial

Nohoanu (Geranium multiflorum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Geranium multiflorum) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea rivularis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea rivularis) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea subcordata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea subcordata) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea undulata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea undulata) Terrestrial

'Oha (Lobelia gaudichaudii koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. koolauensis) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia drepanomorpha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia drepanomorpha) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia lindseyana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia lindseyana) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia peleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia peleana) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia pyrularia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia pyrularia) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia samuelii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia samuelii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

'Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sesbania tomentosa) Terrestrial

'Ohe'ohe (Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) Terrestrial

'Olulu (Brighamia insignis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Brighamia insignis) Terrestrial

Opuhe (Urera kaalae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Urera kaalae) Terrestrial

Pamakani (Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia hirsuta (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia hirsuta) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia kaalaensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia kaalaensis) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia knudsenii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia knudsenii) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia mannii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia mannii) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia mollis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia mollis) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia parviflora (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia parviflora) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia velutina (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia velutina) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia waimeae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia waimeae) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia warshaueri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia warshaueri) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia wawrana (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia wawrana) Terrestrial

Pilo (Hedyotis mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis mannii) Terrestrial

Po'e (Portulaca sclerocarpa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Portulaca sclerocarpa) Terrestrial

Popolo 'Aiakeakua (Solanum sandwicense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Solanum sandwicense) Terrestrial

Popolo Ku Mai (Solanum incompletum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Solanum incompletum) Terrestrial

Pua'ala (Brighamia rockii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Brighamia rockii) Terrestrial

Remya kauaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya kauaiensis) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Remya montgomeryi (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya montgomeryi) Terrestrial

Remya, Maui Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya mauiensis) Terrestrial

Sandalwood, Lanai (='Iliahi) Endangered Dicot No

(Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense) Terrestrial

Sanicula mariversa (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sanicula mariversa) Terrestrial

Sanicula purpurea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sanicula purpurea) Terrestrial

Schiedea haleakalensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea haleakalensis) Terrestrial

Schiedea helleri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea helleri) Terrestrial

Schiedea hookeri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea hookeri) Terrestrial

Schiedea kaalae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kaalae) Terrestrial

Schiedea kauaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Schiedea lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea lydgatei) Terrestrial

Schiedea membranacea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea membranacea) Terrestrial

Schiedea nuttallii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea nuttallii) Terrestrial

Schiedea sarmentosa (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea sarmentosa) Terrestrial

Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda) Terrestrial

Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina) Terrestrial

Schiedea verticillata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea verticillata) Terrestrial

Schiedea, Diamond Head (Schiedea adamantis) Endangered Dicot No

(Schiedea adamantis) Terrestrial

Silene alexandri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene alexandri) Terrestrial

Silene hawaiiensis (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Silene hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Silene lanceolata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene lanceolata) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Silene perlmanii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene perlmanii) Terrestrial

Silversword, Haleakala ('Ahinahina) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum) Terrestrial

Silversword, Ka'u (Argyroxiphium kauense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Argyroxiphium kauense) Terrestrial

Silversword, Mauna Kea ('Ahinahina) Endangered Dicot No

(Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense) Terrestrial

Spermolepis hawaiiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Spermolepis hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Stenogyne angustifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Stenogyne angustifolia var. angustifolia) Terrestrial

Stenogyne bifida (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne bifida) Terrestrial

Stenogyne campanulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne campanulata) Terrestrial

Stenogyne kanehoana (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne kanehoana) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium arenarium (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Tetramolopium arenarium) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium capillare (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium capillare) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium filiforme (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium filiforme) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium remyi (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium remyi) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium rockii (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium rockii) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Trematolobelia singularis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Trematolobelia singularis) Terrestrial

Uhiuhi (Caesalpinia kavaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Caesalpinia kavaiense) Terrestrial

Ulihi (Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Vetch, Hawaiian (Vicia menziesii) Endangered Dicot No

(Vicia menziesii) Terrestrial

Vigna o-wahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Vigna o-wahuensis) Terrestrial

Viola helenae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola helenae) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Viola lanaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Viola lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Viola oahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola oahuensis) Terrestrial

Wahine Noho Kula (Isodendrion pyrifolium) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion pyrifolium) Terrestrial

Xylosma crenatum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Xylosma crenatum) Terrestrial

Asplenium fragile var. insulare (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Asplenium fragile var. insulare) Terrestrial

Diellia erecta (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia erecta) Terrestrial

Diellia falcata (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia falcata) Terrestrial

Diellia pallida (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia pallida) Terrestrial

Diellia unisora (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia unisora) Terrestrial

Diplazium molokaiense (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diplazium molokaiense) Terrestrial

Fern, Pendant Kihi (Adenophorus periens) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Adenophorus periens) Terrestrial

'Ihi'Ihi (Marsilea villosa) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Marsilea villosa) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Ctenitis squamigera) Terrestrial

Pteris lidgatei (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Pteris lidgatei) Terrestrial

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Huperzia) mannii) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Huperzia mannii) Terrestrial

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Lycopodium) nutans) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Lycopodium (=Phlegmariurus) nutans) Terrestrial

Snail, Newcomb's Threatened Gastropod Yes

(Erinna newcombi) Freshwater

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella abbreviata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella abbreviata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella apexfulva) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella apexfulva) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bellula) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella bellula) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella buddii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella buddii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bulimoides) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella bulimoides) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella byronii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella byronii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella caesia) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella caesia) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella casta) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella casta) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella cestus) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella cestus) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella concavospira) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella concavospira) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella curta) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella curta) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decipiens) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella decipiens) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decora) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella decora) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella dimorpha) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella dimorpha) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella elegans) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella elegans) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fulgens) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella fulgens) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fuscobasis) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella fuscobasis) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juddii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella juddii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juncea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella juncea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lehuiensis) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lehuiensis) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella leucorraphe) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella leucorraphe) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lila) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lila) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella livida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella livida) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lorata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lorata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella mustelina) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella mustelina) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella papyracea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella papyracea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella phaeozona) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella phaeozona) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pulcherrima) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella pulcherrima) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pupukanioe) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella pupukanioe) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella rosea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella rosea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella sowerbyana) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella sowerbyana) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella spaldingi) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella spaldingi) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella stewartii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella stewartii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella swiftii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella swiftii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella taeniolata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella taeniolata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella thaanumi) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella thaanumi) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella turgida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella turgida) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella valida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella valida) Terrestrial

Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx Endangered Insect Yes

(Manduca blackburni) Terrestrial

Bat, Hawaiian Hoary Endangered Mammal No

(Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Seal, Hawaiian Monk Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Monachus schauinslandi) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Bluegrass, Hawaiian Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa sandvicensis) Terrestrial

Bluegrass, Mann's (Poa mannii) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa mannii) Terrestrial

Gahnia Lanaiensis (ncn) Endangered Monocot No

(Gahnia lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Grass, Fosberg's Love Endangered Monocot Yes

(Eragrostis fosbergii) Terrestrial

Hala Pepe (Pleomele hawaiiensis) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pleomele hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Hilo Ischaemum (Ischaemum byrone) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Ischaemum byrone) Terrestrial

Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Cenchrus agrimonioides) Terrestrial

Lau'ehu (Panicum niihauense) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Panicum niihauense) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia affinis) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia kaalae) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia munroi) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pritchardia munroi) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia napaliensis) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia napaliensis) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia remota) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pritchardia remota) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia schattaueri) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia schattaueri) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia viscosa) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia viscosa) Terrestrial

Mariscus fauriei (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Mariscus fauriei) Terrestrial

Mariscus pennatiformis (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Mariscus pennatiformis) Terrestrial

Panicgrass, Carter's (Panicum fauriei var.carteri) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Panicum fauriei var. carteri) Terrestrial

Platanthera holochila (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Platanthera holochila) Terrestrial

Poa siphonoglossa (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa siphonoglossa) Terrestrial

Pu'uka'a (Cyperus trachysanthos) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Cyperus trachysanthos) Terrestrial

Wahane (Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Idaho ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

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Idaho ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Snail, Bliss Rapids Threatened Gastropod No

(Taylorconcha serpenticola) Freshwater

Snail, Snake River Physa Endangered Gastropod No

(Physa natricina) Terrestrial

Snail, Utah Valvata Endangered Gastropod No

(Valvata utahensis) Terrestrial

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Illinois ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Amphipod, Illinois Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Gammarus acherondytes) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Aster, Decurrent False Threatened Dicot No

(Boltonia decurrens) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Daisy, Lakeside Threatened Dicot No

(Hymenoxys herbacea) Freshwater

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

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Illinois ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect No

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Indiana ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

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Iowa ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Kansas ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Kentucky ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Kentucky ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica kirtlandii) Terrestrial

Warbler, Bachman's Endangered Bird No

(Vermivora bachmanii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta atropurpurea) Freshwater

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Bean Endangered Bivalve No

(Villosa trabalis) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

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Kentucky ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Goldenrod, Short's Endangered Dicot No

(Solidago shortii) Terrestrial

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Dace, Blackside Threatened Fish No

(Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Louisiana ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Ringed Sawback Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys oculifera) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Maine ( 5) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Maine ( 5) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Salmon, Atlantic Endangered Fish No

(Salmo salar) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Maryland ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Darter, Maryland Endangered Fish Yes

(Etheostoma sellare) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Massachusetts ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

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Massachusetts ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Plymouth Red-bellied Endangered Reptile Yes

(Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Michigan ( 11) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Goldenrod, Houghton's Threatened Dicot No

(Solidago houghtonii) Terrestrial

Monkey-flower, Michigan Endangered Dicot No

(Mimulus glabratus var. michiganensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Iris, Dwarf Lake Threatened Monocot No

(Iris lacustris) Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Minnesota ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Threatened Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

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Minnesota ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lily, Minnesota Trout Endangered Monocot No

(Erythronium propullans) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Mississippi ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Combshell, Southern (=Penitent mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma penita) Freshwater

Mucket, Orangenacre Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis perovalis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Black (=Curtus' Mussel) Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema curtum) Freshwater

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema taitianum) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Darter, Bayou Threatened Fish No

(Etheostoma rubrum) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

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Mississippi ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Ringed Sawback Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys oculifera) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Turtle, Yellow-blotched Map Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys flavimaculata) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Missouri ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater

Aster, Decurrent False Threatened Dicot No

(Boltonia decurrens) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Bladderpod, Missouri Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella filiformis) Terrestrial

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Threatened Dicot No

(Geocarpon minimum) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Cavefish, Ozark Threatened Fish No

(Amblyopsis rosae) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Darter, Niangua Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma nianguae) Freshwater

Madtom, Neosho Threatened Fish No

(Noturus placidus) Freshwater

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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Missouri ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Montana ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Howellia, Water Threatened Dicot No

(Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Nebraska ( 7) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger Endangered Insect No

(Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Nevada ( 35) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Mentzelia leucophylla) Terrestrial

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Nevada ( 35) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Buckwheat, Steamboat Endangered Dicot No

(Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae) Terrestrial

Centaury, Spring-loving Threatened Dicot Yes

(Centaurium namophilum) Terrestrial

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) Terrestrial

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Ivesia kingii var. eremica) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Astragalus phoenix) Terrestrial

Niterwort, Amargosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nitrophila mohavensis) Terrestrial

Sunray, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Pahranagat Roundtail Endangered Fish No

(Gila robusta jordani) Freshwater

Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater

Cui-ui Endangered Fish No

(Chasmistes cujus) Freshwater

Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled Endangered Fish Yes

(Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) Freshwater

Dace, Desert Threatened Fish Yes

(Eremichthys acros) Freshwater

Dace, Moapa Endangered Fish No

(Moapa coriacea) Freshwater

Poolfish, Pahrump (= Pahrump Killifish) Endangered Fish No

(Empetrichthys latos) Freshwater

Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) Freshwater

Pupfish, Devils Hole Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon diabolis) Freshwater

Pupfish, Warm Springs Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis) Freshwater

Spinedace, Big Spring Threatened Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) Freshwater

Spinedace, White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda albivallis) Freshwater

Springfish, Hiko White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Crenichthys baileyi grandis) Freshwater

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Nevada ( 35) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Springfish, Railroad Valley Threatened Fish Yes

(Crenichthys nevadae) Freshwater

Springfish, White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Crenichthys baileyi baileyi) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Sucker, Warner Threatened Fish Yes

(Catostomus warnerensis) Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Woundfin Endangered Fish Yes

(Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater

Naucorid, Ash Meadows Threatened Insect Yes

(Ambrysus amargosus) Terrestrial

Skipper, Carson Wandering Endangered Insect No

(Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus) Terrestrial

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

New Hampshire ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

New Jersey ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Curlew, Eskimo Endangered Bird No

(Numenius borealis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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New Jersey ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Beaked-rush, Knieskern's Threatened Monocot No

(Rhynchospora knieskernii) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

New Mexico ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No

(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Cactus, Knowlton Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus knowltonii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Mesa Verde Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Terrestrial

Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Endangered Dicot No

(Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Mancos Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus humillimus) Terrestrial

Minnow, Rio Grande Silvery Endangered Fish Yes

(Hybognathus amarus) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

New York ( 11) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

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New York ( 11) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Snail, Chittenango Ovate Amber Threatened Gastropod No

(Succinea chittenangoensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

North Carolina ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Elktoe, Appalachian Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta raveneliana) Freshwater

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Carolina Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Lasmigona decorata) Freshwater

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Spinymussel, James River Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema collina) Freshwater

Spinymussel, Tar River Endangered Bivalve No

(Elliptio steinstansana) Freshwater

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Avens, Spreading Endangered Dicot No

(Geum radiatum) Terrestrial

Bittercress, Small-anthered Endangered Dicot No

(Cardamine micranthera) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Heller's Threatened Dicot No

(Liatris helleri) Terrestrial

Bluet, Roan Mountain Endangered Dicot No

(Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) Terrestrial

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North Carolina ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Hexastylis naniflora) Terrestrial

Heather, Mountain Golden Threatened Dicot Yes

(Hudsonia montana) Terrestrial

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Terrestrial

Meadowrue, Cooley's Endangered Dicot No

(Thalictrum cooleyi) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Mountain Sweet Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Sumac, Michaux's Endangered Dicot No

(Rhus michauxii) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Endangered Dicot No

(Helianthus schweinitzii) Terrestrial

Shiner, Cape Fear Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis mekistocholas) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Butterfly, Saint Francis' Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii francisci) Terrestrial

Lichen, Rock Gnome Endangered Lichen No

(Gymnoderma lineare) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying Endangered Mammal No

(Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Terrestrial

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Arrowhead, Bunched Endangered Monocot No

(Sagittaria fasciculata) Freshwater

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North Carolina ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Irisette, White Endangered Monocot No

(Sisyrinchium dichotomum) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Sedge, Golden Endangered Monocot No

(Carex lutea) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

North Dakota ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Ohio ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial

Madtom, Scioto Endangered Fish No

(Noturus trautmani) Freshwater

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

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Ohio ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Oklahoma ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Vireo, Black-capped Endangered Bird No

(Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Oregon ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Threatened Dicot No

(Sidalcea nelsoniana) Terrestrial

Daisy, Willamette Endangered Dicot No

(Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens) Terrestrial

Lomatium, Bradshaw's Endangered Dicot No

(Lomatium bradshawii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Chub, Oregon Endangered Fish No

(Oregonichthys crameri) Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

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Oregon ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Steelhead, (Lower Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Upper Willamette River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Pennsylvania ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Rhode Island ( 4) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

South Carolina ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Warbler, Bachman's Endangered Bird No

(Vermivora bachmanii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

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South Carolina ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Hexastylis naniflora) Terrestrial

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Terrestrial

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Endangered Dicot No

(Helianthus schweinitzii) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Whale, Finback Endangered Marine mml No

(Balaenoptera physalus) Saltwater

Whale, Humpback Endangered Marine mml No

(Megaptera novaeangliae) Saltwater

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

South Dakota ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

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South Dakota ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Tennessee ( 62) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema gibberum) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cuneolus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cor) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

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Tennessee ( 62) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pearlymussel, Birdwing Endangered Bivalve No

(Conradilla caelata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula intermedia) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Endangered Bivalve No

(Dromus dromas) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Green-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Endangered Bivalve No

(Toxolasma cylindrellus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Turgid-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma turgidula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Yellow-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina florentina) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Tan Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) Freshwater

Crayfish, Nashville Endangered Crustacean No

(Orconectes shoupi) Freshwater

Avens, Spreading Endangered Dicot No

(Geum radiatum) Terrestrial

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Tennessee Purple Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Ground-plum, Guthrie's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus bibullatus) Terrestrial

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Large (=Braun's) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. ampla Rollins) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Small Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. perstellata Fernald) Terrestrial

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Tennessee ( 62) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rosemary, Cumberland Threatened Dicot No

(Conradina verticillata) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Chub, Slender Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimystax cahni) Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Dace, Blackside Threatened Fish No

(Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Freshwater

Darter, Amber Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina antesella) Freshwater

Darter, Bluemask (=jewel) Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma /) Freshwater

Darter, Boulder Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma wapiti) Freshwater

Darter, Duskytail Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma percnurum) Freshwater

Darter, Slackwater Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma boschungi) Freshwater

Darter, Snail Threatened Fish No

(Percina tanasi) Freshwater

Logperch, Conasauga Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina jenkinsi) Freshwater

Madtom, Smoky Endangered Fish Yes

(Noturus baileyi) Freshwater

Madtom, Yellowfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Noturus flavipinnis) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Shiner, Palezone Endangered Fish No

(Notropis albizonatus) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying Endangered Mammal No

(Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Terrestrial

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, San Marcos Threatened Amphibian Yes

(Eurycea nana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, Texas Blind Endangered Amphibian No

(Typhlomolge rathbuni) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Toad, Houston Endangered Amphibian Yes

(Bufo houstonensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harvestman, Robber Baron Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Texella cokendolpheri) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina venii) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Spider, Government Canyon Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Neoleptoneta microps) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Spider, Madla's Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina madla) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Spider, Robber Baron Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina baronia) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Spider, Vesper Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Cicurina vespera) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No

(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Prairie-chicken, Attwater's Greater Endangered Bird No

(Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Vireo, Black-capped Endangered Bird No

(Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Golden-cheeked Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica chrysoparia) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Amphipod, Peck's Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Ambrosia, South Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Ambrosia cheiranthifolia) Terrestrial

Ayenia, Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Ayenia limitaris) Terrestrial

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Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Cactus, Star Endangered Dicot No

(Astrophytum asterias) Terrestrial

Cactus, Tobusch Fishhook Endangered Dicot No

(Ancistrocactus tobuschii) Terrestrial

Dawn-flower, Texas Prairie (=Texas Bitterweed) Endangered Dicot No

(Hymenoxys texana) Terrestrial

Manioc, Walker's Endangered Dicot No

(Manihot walkerae) Terrestrial

Darter, Fountain Endangered Fish Yes

(Etheostoma fonticola) Freshwater

Gambusia, San Marcos Endangered Fish Yes

(Gambusia georgei) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Beetle, Comal Springs Dryopid Endangered Insect No

(Stygoparnus comalensis) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle Endangered Insect No

(Heterelmis comalensis) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Beetle, Helotes Mold Endangered Insect Yes

(Batrisodes venyivi) Subterraneous

Rhadine exilis (ncn) Endangered Insect Yes

(Rhadine exilis) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Rhadine infernalis (ncn) Endangered Insect Yes

(Rhadine infernalis) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi cacomitli) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca) Terrestrial

Ocelot Endangered Mammal No

(Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis) Terrestrial

Wild-rice, Texas Endangered Monocot Yes

(Zizania texana) Freshwater

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

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Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Utah ( 33) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Bear-poppy, Dwarf Endangered Dicot No

(Arctomecon humilis) Terrestrial

Cactus, San Rafael Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus despainii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) Terrestrial

Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial

Cactus, Winkler Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus winkleri) Terrestrial

Cactus, Wright Fishhook Endangered Dicot No

(Sclerocactus wrightiae) Terrestrial

Cycladenia, Jones Threatened Dicot No

(Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis)) Terrestrial

Daisy, Maguire Threatened Dicot No

(Erigeron maguirei) Freshwater

Milk-vetch, Deseret Threatened Dicot No

(Astragalus desereticus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Heliotrope Threatened Dicot Yes

(Astragalus montii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus holmgreniorum) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Shivwits Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus ampullarioides) Terrestrial

Phacelia, Clay Endangered Dicot No

(Phacelia argillacea) Terrestrial

Primrose, Maguire Threatened Dicot No

(Primula maguirei) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Barneby Endangered Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe barnebyi) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Clay Threatened Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe argillacea) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Shrubby Endangered Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe suffrutescens) Terrestrial

Ridge-cress (=Pepper-cress), Barneby Endangered Dicot No

(Lepidium barnebyanum) Terrestrial

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Utah ( 33) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Townsendia, Last Chance Threatened Dicot No

(Townsendia aprica) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, June Endangered Fish Yes

(Chasmistes liorus) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Woundfin Endangered Fish Yes

(Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Prairie Dog, Utah Threatened Mammal No

(Cynomys parvidens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Virginia ( 19) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Shenandoah Endangered Amphibian No

(Plethodon shenandoah) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Isopod, Madison Cave Threatened Crustacean No

(Antrolana lira) Freshwater

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

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Virginia ( 19) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rock-cress, Shale Barren Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis serotina) Terrestrial

Sneezeweed, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Helenium virginicum) Vernal pool

Sumac, Michaux's Endangered Dicot No

(Rhus michauxii) Terrestrial

Logperch, Roanoke Endangered Fish No

(Percina rex) Freshwater

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Endangered Mammal Yes

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Washington ( 30) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes

(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Threatened Dicot No

(Sidalcea nelsoniana) Terrestrial

Howellia, Water Threatened Dicot No

(Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater

Paintbrush, Golden Threatened Dicot No

(Castilleja levisecta) Terrestrial

Salmon, Chinook (Lower Columbia River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Puget Sound) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

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Washington ( 30) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Salmon, Chum (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Salmon, Chum (Hood Canal Summer population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Ozette Lake population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish

Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Lower Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Upper Willamette River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, Puget Sound Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Deer, Columbian White-tailed Endangered Mammal No

(Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) Terrestrial

Rabbit, Pygmy Endangered Mammal No

(Brachylagus idahoensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

West Virginia ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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West Virginia ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Wisconsin ( 13) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Locoweed, Fassett's Threatened Dicot No

(Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea) Terrestrial

Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect No

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Iris, Dwarf Lake Threatened Monocot No

(Iris lacustris) Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Wyoming ( 6) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly Plant, Colorado Threatened Dicot Yes

(Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis) Terrestrial

Dace, Moapa Endangered Fish No

(Moapa coriacea) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping Threatened Mammal Yes

(Zapus hudsonius preblei) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

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No species were selected for exclusion.

Dispersed species included in report.

 211
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Species Listing by State with Use Criteria

No species were excluded

Minimum of 10 Acres.

All Medium Types Reported

Mammal, Marine mml, Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Fish, Crustacean, Bivalve, 

Gastropod, Arachnid, Insect, Dicot, Monocot, Ferns, Conf/cycds, Coral, Lichen

sod harvested

Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Salamander, Red Hills Threatened Amphibian No

(Phaeognathus hubrichti) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mucket, Orangenacre Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis perovalis) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Acornshell Southern Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma othcaloogensis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Dark Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema furvum) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cuneolus) Freshwater

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema taitianum) Freshwater

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Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cor) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Alabama Lamp Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis virescens) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula intermedia) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Endangered Bivalve No

(Toxolasma cylindrellus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Turgid-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma turgidula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Stirrupshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula stapes) Freshwater

Shrimp, Alabama Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Palaemonias alabamae) Freshwater

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Threatened Dicot No

(Marshallia mohrii) Terrestrial

Bladderpod, Lyrate Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella lyrata) Terrestrial

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

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Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Leather-flower, Alabama Endangered Dicot No

(Clematis socialis) Terrestrial

Leather-flower, Morefield's Endangered Dicot No

(Clematis morefieldii) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Alabama Canebrake Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia rubra alabamensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Green Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia oreophila) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Cavefish, Alabama Endangered Fish Yes

(Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni) Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Darter, Boulder Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma wapiti) Freshwater

Darter, Goldline Threatened Fish No

(Percina aurolineata) Freshwater

Darter, Slackwater Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma boschungi) Freshwater

Darter, Snail Threatened Fish No

(Percina tanasi) Freshwater

Madtom, Yellowfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Noturus flavipinnis) Freshwater

Sculpin, Pygmy Threatened Fish No

(Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus)) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Shiner, Cahaba Endangered Fish No

(Notropis cahabae) Freshwater

Shiner, Palezone Endangered Fish No

(Notropis albizonatus) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Alabama Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Campeloma, Slender Endangered Gastropod No

(Campeloma decampi) Freshwater

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Alabama ( 77) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pebblesnail, Flat Endangered Gastropod No

(Lepyrium showalteri) Freshwater

Riversnail, Anthony's Endangered Gastropod No

(Athearnia anthonyi) Freshwater

Rocksnail, Painted Threatened Gastropod No

(Leptoxis taeniata) Freshwater

Rocksnail, Round Threatened Gastropod No

(Leptoxis ampla) Freshwater

Snail, Armored Endangered Gastropod No

(Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta) Freshwater

Snail, Lioplax Cylindrical Endangered Gastropod No

(Lioplax cyclostomaformis) Freshwater

Snail, Tulotoma Endangered Gastropod No

(Tulotoma magnifica) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Mouse, Alabama Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) Coastal (neritic)

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied Endangered Reptile No

(Pseudemys alabamensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Flattened Musk Threatened Reptile No

(Sternotherus depressus) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Arizona ( 38) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, Chiricahua Leopard Threatened Amphibian No

(Rana chiricahuensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Condor, California Endangered Bird Yes

(Gymnogyps californianus) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

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Arizona ( 38) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Pygmy-owl, Cactus Ferruginous Endangered Bird No

(Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

Cactus, Arizona Hedgehog Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus) Terrestrial

Cactus, Brady Pincushion Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus bradyi) Terrestrial

Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Head Endangered Dicot No

(Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Peebles Navajo Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus peeblesianus peeblesianus) Terrestrial

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) Terrestrial

Cliffrose, Arizona Endangered Dicot No

(Purshia (=cowania) subintegra) Terrestrial

Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks Threatened Dicot Yes

(Senecio franciscanus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Sentry Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Welsh's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Asclepias welshii) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Gila Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila intermedia) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Minnow, Loach Threatened Fish Yes

(Tiaroga cobitis) Freshwater

Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater

Spikedace Threatened Fish Yes

(Meda fulgida) Freshwater

Spinedace, Little Colorado Threatened Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda vittata) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

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Arizona ( 38) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui) Endangered Fish No

(Poeciliopsis occidentalis) Freshwater

Trout, Apache Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus apache) Freshwater

Trout, Gila Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus gilae) Freshwater

Ambersnail, Kanab Endangered Gastropod No

(Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long-nosed Endangered Mammal No

(Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Jaguar Endangered Mammal No

(Panthera onca) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca) Terrestrial

Ocelot Endangered Mammal No

(Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis) Terrestrial

Squirrel, Mount Graham Red Endangered Mammal Yes

(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis) Terrestrial

Vole, Hualapai Mexican Endangered Mammal No

(Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Sedge, Navajo Threatened Monocot Yes

(Carex specuicola) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Arkansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Fatmucket, Arkansas Threatened Bivalve No

(Lampsilis powelli) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Bladderpod, Missouri Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella filiformis) Terrestrial

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Arkansas ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Ozark Big-eared Endangered Mammal No

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii ingens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Frog, California Red-legged Threatened Amphibian Yes

(Rana aurora draytonii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Frog, Mountain Yellow-legged Endangered Amphibian No

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Salamander, California Tiger Endangered Amphibian No

(Ambystoma californiense) Terrestrial, Vernal pool

Salamander, Desert Slender Endangered Amphibian No

(Batrachoseps aridus) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, Santa Cruz Long-toed Endangered Amphibian No

(Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Toad, Arroyo Southwestern Endangered Amphibian Yes

(Bufo californicus (=microscaphus)) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Condor, California Endangered Bird Yes

(Gymnogyps californianus) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Gnatcatcher, Coastal California Threatened Bird Yes

(Polioptila californica californica) Terrestrial

Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes

(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Plover, Western Snowy Threatened Bird Yes

(Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) Terrestrial

Rail, California Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris obsoletus) Terrestrial

Rail, Light-footed Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris levipes) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Shrike, San Clemente Loggerhead Endangered Bird No

(Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi) Terrestrial

Sparrow, San Clemente Sage Threatened Bird No

(Amphispiza belli clementeae) Terrestrial

Tern, California Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum browni) Terrestrial

Towhee, Inyo Brown Threatened Bird Yes

(Pipilo crissalis eremophilus) Terrestrial

Vireo, Least Bell's Endangered Bird Yes

(Vireo bellii pusillus) Terrestrial

Cypress, Gowen Threatened Conf/cycds No

(Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana) Terrestrial

Abalone, White Endangered Crustacean No

(Haliotis sorenseni) Saltwater

Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta conservatio) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta longiantenna) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Riverside Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Streptocephalus woottoni) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, San Diego Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta sandiegonensis) Vernal pool

Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool Threatened Crustacean Yes

(Branchinecta lynchi) Vernal pool

Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Pool Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Lepidurus packardi) Vernal pool

Adobe Sunburst, San Joaquin Threatened Dicot No

(Pseudobahia peirsonii) Terrestrial

Ambrosia, San Diego Endangered Dicot No

(Ambrosia pumila) Terrestrial

Baccharis, Encinitas Threatened Dicot No

(Baccharis vanessae) Terrestrial

Barberry, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis) Terrestrial

Barberry, Nevin's Endangered Dicot No

(Berberis nevinii) Terrestrial

Bedstraw, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Galium buxifolium) Terrestrial

Bird's-beak, Palmate-bracted Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus palmatus) Terrestrial

Bird's-beak, salt marsh Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus) Saltwater

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bird's-beak, Soft Endangered Dicot No

(Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis) Brackish, Saltwater

Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina) Terrestrial

Bluecurls, Hidden Lake Threatened Dicot No

(Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum) Terrestrial

Broom, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Southern Mountain Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum) Terrestrial

Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothamnus clementinus) Terrestrial

Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus) Terrestrial

Button-celery, San Diego Endangered Dicot No

(Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Bakersfield Endangered Dicot No

(Opuntia treleasei) Terrestrial

Ceanothus, Coyote Endangered Dicot No

(Ceanothus ferrisae) Terrestrial

Ceanothus, Vail Lake Threatened Dicot No

(Ceanothus ophiochilus) Terrestrial

Centaury, Spring-loving Threatened Dicot Yes

(Centaurium namophilum) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Keck's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sidalcea keckii) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Pedate Endangered Dicot No

(Sidalcea pedata) Terrestrial

Clarkia, Pismo Endangered Dicot No

(Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata) Terrestrial

Clarkia, Springville Threatened Dicot No

(Clarkia springvillensis) Terrestrial

Clover, Fleshy Owl's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta) Vernal pool

Clover, Monterey Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium trichocalyx) Terrestrial

Crownbeard, Big-leaved Threatened Dicot No

(Verbesina dissita) Terrestrial

Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Atriplex coronata var. notatior) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Daisy, Parish's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Erigeron parishii) Freshwater

Dudleya, Conejo Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Marcescent Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Dudleya setchellii) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya nesiotica) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Santa Monica Mountains Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia) Terrestrial

Dudleya, Verity's Threatened Dicot No

(Dudleya verityi) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes Endangered Dicot Yes

(Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley Endangered Dicot No

(Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis) Terrestrial

Evening-primrose, San Benito Threatened Dicot No

(Camissonia benitensis) Terrestrial

Fiddleneck, Large-flowered Endangered Dicot Yes

(Amsinckia grandiflora) Terrestrial

Flannelbush, Mexican Endangered Dicot No

(Fremontodendron mexicanum) Terrestrial

Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Thysanocarpus conchuliferus) Terrestrial

Gilia, Hoffmann's Slender-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii) Terrestrial

Gilia, Monterey Endangered Dicot No

(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria) Terrestrial

Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's Endangered Dicot No

(Pseudobahia bahiifolia) Terrestrial

Goldfields, Burke's Endangered Dicot No

(Lasthenia burkei) Terrestrial

Goldfields, Contra Costa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lasthenia conjugens) Terrestrial

Grass, Hairy Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia pilosa) Vernal pool

Grass, Sacramento Orcutt Endangered Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia viscida) Vernal pool

Grass, Slender Orcutt Threatened Dicot Yes

(Orcuttia tenuis) Vernal pool

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) Terrestrial

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Ivesia kingii var. eremica) Terrestrial

Jewelflower, California Endangered Dicot No

(Caulanthus californicus) Terrestrial

Larkspur, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense) Terrestrial

Layia, Beach Endangered Dicot No

(Layia carnosa) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island Endangered Dicot No

(Dudleya traskiae) Terrestrial

Lupine, Clover Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus tidestromii) Coastal (neritic)

Lupine, Nipomo Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus nipomensis) Coastal (neritic)

Malacothrix, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothrix squalida) Terrestrial

Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Malacothrix indecora) Terrestrial

Mallow, Kern Endangered Dicot No

(Eremalche kernensis) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Del Mar Endangered Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Morro Threatened Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos morroensis) Terrestrial

Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island Endangered Dicot No

(Arctostaphylos confertiflora) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Braunton's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus brauntonii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Coachella Valley Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Coastal Dunes Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus tener var. titi) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus albens) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Fish Slough Threatened Dicot No

(Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Lane Mountain Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus jaegerianus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Triple-ribbed Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus tricarinatus) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Milk-vetch, Ventura Marsh Endangered Dicot Yes

(Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Mint, Otay Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Pogogyne nudiuscula) Terrestrial

Mint, San Diego Mesa Endangered Dicot No

(Pogogyne abramsii) Terrestrial

Monardella, Willowy Endangered Dicot No

(Monardella linoides ssp. viminea) Terrestrial

Mountainbalm, Indian Knob Endangered Dicot No

(Eriodictyon altissimum) Terrestrial

Mountain-mahogany, Catalina Island Endangered Dicot No

(Cercocarpus traskiae) Terrestrial

Mustard, Slender-petaled Endangered Dicot No

(Thelypodium stenopetalum) Terrestrial

Navarretia, Few-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciflora (=N. pauciflora)) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Navarretia, Many-flowered Endangered Dicot No

(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha) Terrestrial, Vernal pool

Navarretia, Spreading Threatened Dicot No

(Navarretia fossalis) Vernal pool

Niterwort, Amargosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nitrophila mohavensis) Terrestrial

Oxytheca, Cushenbury Endangered Dicot Yes

(Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Ash-grey Indian Threatened Dicot No

(Castilleja cinerea) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja grisea) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Soft-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja mollis) Terrestrial

Paintbrush, Tiburon Endangered Dicot No

(Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta) Terrestrial

Pentachaeta, Lyon's Endangered Dicot No

(Pentachaeta lyonii) Terrestrial

Phacelia, Island Endangered Dicot No

(Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis) Terrestrial

Phlox, Yreka Endangered Dicot No

(Phlox hirsuta) Terrestrial

Potentilla, Hickman's Endangered Dicot No

(Potentilla hickmanii) Terrestrial

Pussypaws, Mariposa Threatened Dicot No

(Calyptridium pulchellum) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rock-cress, Hoffmann's Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis hoffmannii) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, McDonald's Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis mcdonaldiana) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Dicot No

(Sibara filifolia) Terrestrial

Rush-rose, Island Threatened Dicot No

(Helianthemum greenei) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Bear Valley Threatened Dicot No

(Arenaria ursina) Terrestrial

Sandwort, Marsh Endangered Dicot No

(Arenaria paludicola) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Sea-blite, California Endangered Dicot No

(Suaeda californica) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Howell's Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe howellii) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Monterey Threatened Dicot Yes

(Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Orcutt's Endangered Dicot No

(Chorizanthe orcuttiana) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Robust Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta) Terrestrial

Spineflower, Slender-horned Endangered Dicot No

(Dodecahema leptoceras) Terrestrial

Spurge, Hoover's Threatened Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce hooveri) Vernal pool

Stonecrop, Lake County Endangered Dicot No

(Parvisedum leiocarpum) Vernal pool

Taraxacum, California Endangered Dicot No

(Taraxacum californicum) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Gaviota Endangered Dicot Yes

(Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Otay Threatened Dicot Yes

(Deinandra (=Hemizonia) conjugens) Terrestrial

Tarplant, Santa Cruz Threatened Dicot Yes

(Holocarpha macradenia) Terrestrial

Thistle, Chorro creek Bog Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Thistle, Fountain Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale) Terrestrial

Thistle, La Graciosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cirsium loncholepis) Coastal (neritic), Freshwater, 

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Thistle, Suisun Endangered Dicot No

(Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum) Brackish, Terrestrial

Thornmint, San Diego Threatened Dicot No

(Acanthomintha ilicifolia) Terrestrial

Tuctoria, Green's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tuctoria greenei) Vernal pool

Wallflower, Menzie's Endangered Dicot No

(Erysimum menziesii) Terrestrial

Watercress, Gambel's Endangered Dicot No

(Rorippa gambellii) Terrestrial, Brackish, Freshwater

Woodland-star, San Clemente Island Endangered Dicot No

(Lithophragma maximum) Terrestrial

Woolly-star, Santa Ana River Endangered Dicot No

(Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum) Terrestrial

Woolly-threads, San Joaquin Endangered Dicot No

(Monolopia (=Lembertia) congdonii) Terrestrial

Yerba Santa, Lompoc Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriodictyon capitatum) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Mohave Tui Endangered Fish No

(Gila bicolor mohavensis) Freshwater

Chub, Owens Tui Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila bicolor snyderi) Freshwater

Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled Endangered Fish Yes

(Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) Freshwater

Goby, Tidewater Endangered Fish Yes

(Eucyclogobius newberryi) Freshwater

Pupfish, Desert Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon macularius) Freshwater

Pupfish, Owens Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon radiosus) Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (California Coastal Run) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Spring Run) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Sacramento River Winter Run) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish

Salmon, Coho (Central California Coast population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salmon, Coho (Southern OR/Northern CA Coast) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Smelt, Delta Threatened Fish Yes

(Hypomesus transpacificus) Freshwater, Brackish

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Steelhead, (California Central Valley population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Central California Coast population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Northern California population) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Steelhead, (South-Central California population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Southern California population) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine Endangered Fish No

(Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni) Freshwater

Sturgeon, green Threatened Fish No

(Acipenser medirostris)

Sucker, Lost River Endangered Fish No

(Deltistes luxatus) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Sucker, Santa Ana Threatened Fish Yes

(Catostomus santaanae) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Trout, Little Kern Golden Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei) Freshwater

Trout, Paiute Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris) Freshwater

Snail, Morro Shoulderband Endangered Gastropod Yes

(Helminthoglypta walkeriana) Terrestrial

Beetle, Delta Green Ground Threatened Insect Yes

(Elaphrus viridis) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn Threatened Insect Yes

(Desmocerus californicus dimorphus) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot (Wright's euphydryas) Threatened Insect Yes

(Euphydryas editha bayensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot Endangered Insect No

(Speyeria zerene behrensii) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, El Segundo Blue Endangered Insect No

(Euphilotes battoides allyni) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Lotis Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue Endangered Insect Yes

(Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Quino Checkerspot Endangered Insect Yes

(Euphydryas editha quino (=E. e. wrighti)) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Smith's Blue Endangered Insect No

(Euphilotes enoptes smithi) Terrestrial

Fly, Delhi Sands Flower-loving Endangered Insect No

(Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis) Terrestrial

Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx Threatened Insect No

(Euproserpinus euterpe) Terrestrial

Skipper, Laguna Mountain Endangered Insect No

(Pyrgus ruralis lagunae) Terrestrial

Fox, San Joaquin Kit Endangered Mammal No

(Vulpes macrotis mutica) Terrestrial

Fox, San Miguel Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis littoralis) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Catalina Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis catalinae) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Cruz Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis santacruzae) Terrestrial

Fox, Santa Rosa Island Endangered Mammal Yes

(Urocyon littoralis santarosae) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Fresno Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys nitratoides exilis) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Giant Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys ingens) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Morro Bay Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys heermanni morroensis) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino Merriam's Endangered Mammal Yes

(Dipodomys merriami parvus) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Stephens' Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus)) Terrestrial

Kangaroo Rat, Tipton Endangered Mammal No

(Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides) Terrestrial

Mountain Beaver, Point Arena Endangered Mammal No

(Aplodontia rufa nigra) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Mouse, Pacific Pocket Endangered Mammal No

(Perognathus longimembris pacificus) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Endangered Mammal No

(Reithrodontomys raviventris) Terrestrial

Rabbit, Riparian Brush Endangered Mammal No

(Sylvilagus bachmani riparius) Terrestrial

Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn Endangered Mammal Yes

(Ovis canadensis) Terrestrial

Sheep, Sierra Nevada Bighorn Endangered Mammal No

(Ovis canadensis californiana) Terrestrial

Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Ornate Endangered Mammal Yes

(Sorex ornatus relictus) Terrestrial

Vole, Amargosa Endangered Mammal Yes

(Microtus californicus scirpensis) Terrestrial

Woodrat, Riparian Endangered Mammal No

(Neotoma fuscipes riparia) Terrestrial

Otter, Southern Sea Threatened Marine mml No

(Enhydra lutris nereis) Saltwater

Seal, Guadalupe Fur Threatened Marine mml No

(Arctocephalus townsendi) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Amole, Cammatta Canyon Threatened Monocot Yes

(Chlorogalum purpureum var. reductum) Terrestrial

Amole, Purple Threatened Monocot Yes

(Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum) Terrestrial

Bluegrass, San Bernardino Endangered Monocot No

(Poa atropurpurea) Terrestrial

Brodiaea, Thread-leaved Threatened Monocot Yes

(Brodiaea filifolia) Terrestrial

Grass, California Orcutt Endangered Monocot No

(Orcuttia californica) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Grass, Colusa Threatened Monocot No

(Neostapfia colusana) Vernal pool

Grass, Eureka Dune Endangered Monocot No

(Swallenia alexandrae) Terrestrial

Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt Threatened Monocot Yes

(Orcuttia inaequalis) Vernal pool

Grass, Solano Endangered Monocot Yes

(Tuctoria mucronata) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Onion, Munz's Endangered Monocot No

(Allium munzii) Terrestrial

Piperia, Yadon's Endangered Monocot No

(Piperia yadonii) Terrestrial

Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard Endangered Reptile No

(Gambelia silus) Terrestrial

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California ( 231) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed Threatened Reptile Yes

(Uma inornata) Terrestrial

Lizard, Island Night Threatened Reptile No

(Xantusia riversiana) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, olive ridley Threatened Reptile No

(Lepidochelys olivacea) Saltwater

Snake, Giant Garter Threatened Reptile No

(Thamnophis gigas) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Colorado ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Butterfly Plant, Colorado Threatened Dicot Yes

(Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis) Terrestrial

Cactus, Knowlton Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus knowltonii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Mesa Verde Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Terrestrial

Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Mancos Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus humillimus) Terrestrial

Wild-buckwheat, Clay-loving Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eriogonum pelinophilum) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Trout, Greenback Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki stomias) Freshwater

Skipper, Pawnee Montane Threatened Insect No

(Hesperia leonardus montana) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping Threatened Mammal Yes

(Zapus hudsonius preblei) Terrestrial

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Colorado ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Connecticut ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Delaware ( 4) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Caracara, Audubon's Crested Threatened Bird No

(Polyborus plancus audubonii) Terrestrial

Kite, Everglade Snail Endangered Bird Yes

(Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Scrub-Jay, Florida Threatened Bird No

(Aphelocoma coerulescens) Terrestrial

Sparrow, Cape Sable Seaside Endangered Bird Yes

(Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis) Terrestrial

Sparrow, Florida Grasshopper Endangered Bird No

(Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Bankclimber, Purple Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptoideus sloatianus) Freshwater

Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus penicillatus) Freshwater

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Ochlockonee Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus simpsonianus) Freshwater

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema pyriforme) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Slabshell, Chipola Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptio chipolaensis) Freshwater

Threeridge, Fat (Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Amblema neislerii) Freshwater

Torreya, Florida Endangered Conf/cycds No

(Torreya taxifolia) Terrestrial

Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave Threatened Crustacean No

(Palaemonetes cummingi) Freshwater, Subterraneous

Aster, Florida Golden Endangered Dicot No

(Chrysopsis floridana) Terrestrial

Birds-in-a-nest, White Threatened Dicot No

(Macbridea alba) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Liatris ohlingerae) Terrestrial

Bonamia, Florida Threatened Dicot No

(Bonamia grandiflora) Terrestrial

Buckwheat, Scrub Threatened Dicot No

(Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) Terrestrial

Butterwort, Godfrey's Threatened Dicot No

(Pinguicula ionantha) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Campion, Fringed Endangered Dicot No

(Silene polypetala) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Fringe Tree, Pygmy Endangered Dicot No

(Chionanthus pygmaeus) Terrestrial

Gooseberry, Miccosukee Threatened Dicot No

(Ribes echinellum) Terrestrial

Gourd, Okeechobee Endangered Dicot No

(Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis) Terrestrial

Harebells, Avon Park Endangered Dicot No

(Crotalaria avonensis) Terrestrial

Hypericum, Highlands Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Hypericum cumulicola) Terrestrial

Jacquemontia, Beach Endangered Dicot No

(Jacquemontia reclinata) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lead-plant, Crenulate Endangered Dicot No

(Amorpha crenulata) Terrestrial

Lupine, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Lupinus aridorum) Terrestrial

Meadowrue, Cooley's Endangered Dicot No

(Thalictrum cooleyi) Terrestrial

Milkpea, Small's Endangered Dicot No

(Galactia smallii) Terrestrial

Mint, Garrett's Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra christmanii) Terrestrial

Mint, Lakela's Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra immaculata) Terrestrial

Mint, Longspurred Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra cornutissima) Terrestrial

Mint, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Dicerandra frutescens) Terrestrial

Mustard, Carter's Endangered Dicot No

(Warea carteri) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Beautiful Endangered Dicot No

(Deeringothamnus pulchellus) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Four-petal Endangered Dicot No

(Asimina tetramera) Terrestrial

Pawpaw, Rugel's Endangered Dicot No

(Deeringothamnus rugelii) Terrestrial

Pinkroot, Gentian Endangered Dicot No

(Spigelia gentianoides) Terrestrial

Plum, Scrub Endangered Dicot No

(Prunus geniculata) Terrestrial

Polygala, Lewton's Endangered Dicot No

(Polygala lewtonii) Terrestrial

Polygala, Tiny Endangered Dicot No

(Polygala smallii) Terrestrial

Rhododendron, Chapman Endangered Dicot No

(Rhododendron chapmanii) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Etonia Endangered Dicot No

(Conradina etonia) Terrestrial

Rosemary, Short-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Conradina brevifolia) Terrestrial

Sandlace Endangered Dicot No

(Polygonella myriophylla) Terrestrial

Snakeroot Endangered Dicot No

(Eryngium cuneifolium) Terrestrial

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spurge, Deltoid Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea) Terrestrial

Spurge, Garber's Threatened Dicot No

(Chamaesyce garberi) Terrestrial

Spurge, Telephus Threatened Dicot No

(Euphorbia telephioides) Terrestrial

Warea, Wide-leaf Endangered Dicot No

(Warea amplexifolia) Terrestrial

Whitlow-wort, Papery Threatened Dicot No

(Paronychia chartacea) Terrestrial

Wings, Pigeon Threatened Dicot No

(Clitoria fragrans) Terrestrial

Wireweed Endangered Dicot No

(Polygonella basiramia) Terrestrial

Ziziphus, Florida Endangered Dicot No

(Ziziphus celata) Terrestrial

Darter, Okaloosa Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma okaloosae) Freshwater

Sawfish, Smalltooth Endangered Fish No

(Pristis pectinata) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Butterfly, Schaus Swallowtail Endangered Insect No

(Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus) Terrestrial

Cladonia, Florida Perforate Endangered Lichen No

(Cladonia perforata) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Mouse, Anastasia Island Beach Endangered Mammal No

(Peromyscus polionotus phasma) Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Choctawhatchee Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus allophrys) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Mouse, Perdido Key Beach Endangered Mammal Yes

(Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) Coastal (neritic)

Mouse, Southeastern Beach Threatened Mammal No

(Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Panther, Florida Endangered Mammal No

(Puma (=Felis) concolor coryi) Terrestrial

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Florida ( 87) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Beargrass, Britton's Endangered Monocot No

(Nolina brittoniana) Terrestrial

Seagrass, Johnson's Threatened Monocot Yes

(Halophila johnsonii) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Crocodile, American Threatened Reptile Yes

(Crocodylus acutus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Skink, Blue-tailed Mole Threatened Reptile No

(Eumeces egregius lividus) Terrestrial

Skink, Sand Threatened Reptile No

(Neoseps reynoldsi) Terrestrial

Snake, Atlantic Salt Marsh Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia clarkii taeniata) Saltwater, Terrestrial, Brackish

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Georgia ( 39) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Bankclimber, Purple Threatened Bivalve No

(Elliptoideus sloatianus) Freshwater

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mussel, Acornshell Southern Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma othcaloogensis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

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Georgia ( 39) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Medionidus penicillatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Oval Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema pyriforme) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis subangulata) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

Threeridge, Fat (Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Amblema neislerii) Freshwater

Torreya, Florida Endangered Conf/cycds No

(Torreya taxifolia) Terrestrial

Amphianthus, Little Threatened Dicot No

(Amphianthus pusillus) Freshwater

Barbara Buttons, Mohr's Threatened Dicot No

(Marshallia mohrii) Terrestrial

Campion, Fringed Endangered Dicot No

(Silene polypetala) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pitcher-plant, Green Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia oreophila) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Rattleweed, Hairy Endangered Dicot No

(Baptisia arachnifera) Terrestrial

Skullcap, Large-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Scutellaria montana) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Black-spored Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes melanospora) Vernal pool

Quillwort, Mat-forming Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes tegetiformans) Vernal pool

Darter, Cherokee Threatened Fish No

(Etheostoma scotti) Freshwater

Darter, Etowah Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma etowahae) Freshwater

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Georgia ( 39) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Darter, Goldline Threatened Fish No

(Percina aurolineata) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Spider, Kauai Cave Wolf Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

'Akepa, Hawaii Endangered Bird No

(Loxops coccineus coccineus) Terrestrial

'Akepa, Maui Endangered Bird No

(Loxops coccineus ochraceus) Terrestrial

'Akia Loa, Kauai (Hemignathus procerus) Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus procerus) Terrestrial

'Akia Pola'au (Hemignathus munroi) Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus munroi) Terrestrial

Albatross, Short-tailed Endangered Bird No

(Phoebastria (=Diomedea) albatrus) Terrestrial, Saltwater

Coot, Hawaiian (=Alae keo keo) Endangered Bird No

(Fulica americana alai) Terrestrial

Creeper, Hawaii Endangered Bird No

(Oreomystis mana) Terrestrial

Creeper, Molokai (Kakawahie) Endangered Bird No

(Paroreomyza flammea) Terrestrial

Creeper, Oahu (Alauwahio) Endangered Bird No

(Paroreomyza maculata) Terrestrial

Crow, Hawaiian ('Alala) Endangered Bird No

(Corvus hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Duck, Hawaiian (Koloa) Endangered Bird No

(Anas wyvilliana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Duck, Laysan Endangered Bird No

(Anas laysanensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Elepaio, Oahu Endangered Bird Yes

(Chasiempis sandwichensis ibidis) Terrestrial

Finch, Laysan Endangered Bird No

(Telespyza cantans) Terrestrial

Finch, Nihoa Endangered Bird No

(Telespyza ultima) Terrestrial

Goose, Hawaiian (Nene) Endangered Bird No

(Branta (=Nesochen) sandvicensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Hawk, Hawaiian (Io) Endangered Bird No

(Buteo solitarius) Terrestrial

Honeycreeper, Crested ('Akohekohe) Endangered Bird No

(Palmeria dolei) Terrestrial

Millerbird, Nihoa Endangered Bird No

(Acrocephalus familiaris kingi) Terrestrial

Moorhen, Hawaiian Common Endangered Bird No

(Gallinula chloropus sandvicensis) Terrestrial

Nuku Pu'u Endangered Bird No

(Hemignathus lucidus) Terrestrial

'O'o, Kauai (='A'a) Endangered Bird No

(Moho braccatus) Terrestrial

'O'u (Honeycreeper) Endangered Bird No

(Psittirostra psittacea) Terrestrial

Palila Endangered Bird Yes

(Loxioides bailleui) Terrestrial

Parrotbill, Maui Endangered Bird No

(Pseudonestor xanthophrys) Terrestrial

Petrel, Hawaiian Dark-rumped Endangered Bird No

(Pterodroma phaeopygia sandwichensis) Terrestrial

Po'ouli Endangered Bird No

(Melamprosops phaeosoma) Terrestrial

Shearwater, Newell's Townsend's Threatened Bird No

(Puffinus auricularis newelli) Terrestrial, Saltwater

Stilt, Hawaiian (=Ae'o) Endangered Bird No

(Himantopus mexicanus knudseni) Terrestrial

Thrush, Large Kauai Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes myadestinus) Terrestrial

Thrush, Molokai (Oloma'o) Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes lanaiensis rutha) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Thrush, Small Kauai (Puaiohi) Endangered Bird No

(Myadestes palmeri) Terrestrial

Amphipod, Kauai Cave Endangered Crustacean Yes

(Spelaeorchestia koloana) Freshwater, Subterraneous

Abutilon eremitopetalum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Abutilon eremitopetalum) Terrestrial

Abutilon sandwicense (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Abutilon sandwicense) Terrestrial

Achyranthes mutica (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Achyranthes mutica) Terrestrial

Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) Terrestrial

A'e (Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Zanthoxylum dipetalum var. tomentosum) Terrestrial

A'e (Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Zanthoxylum hawaiiense) Terrestrial

'Aiea (Nothocestrum breviflorum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nothocestrum breviflorum) Terrestrial

'Aiea (Nothocestrum peltatum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nothocestrum peltatum) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce celastroides var. kaenana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce deppeana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce deppeana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce herbstii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce herbstii) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce kuwaleana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce rockii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce rockii) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. skottsbe Endangered Dicot No

(Chamaesyce skottsbergii var. kalaeloana) Terrestrial

'Akoko (Euphorbia haeleeleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Euphorbia haeleeleana) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope adscendens) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope adscendens) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope balloui) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope balloui) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope haupuensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope haupuensis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope knudsenii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope knudsenii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Alani (Melicope lydgatei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope lydgatei) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope mucronulata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope mucronulata) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope munroi) Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope munroi) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope ovalis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope ovalis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope pallida) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope pallida) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope quadrangularis) Endangered Dicot No

(Melicope quadrangularis) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope reflexa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope reflexa) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope saint-johnii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope saint-johnii) Terrestrial

Alani (Melicope zahlbruckneri) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Melicope zahlbruckneri) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron obovatum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron obovatum) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron trinerve (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron trinerve) Terrestrial

Alsinidendron viscosum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron viscosum) Terrestrial

Amaranthus brownii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Amaranthus brownii) Terrestrial

'Anaunau (Lepidium arbuscula) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lepidium arbuscula) Terrestrial

'Anunu (Sicyos alba) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sicyos alba) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion hosakae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion hosakae) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion laurifolium) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion laurifolium) Terrestrial

Aupaka (Isodendrion longifolium) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion longifolium) Terrestrial

'Awikiwiki (Canavalia molokaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Canavalia molokaiensis) Terrestrial

'Awiwi (Centaurium sebaeoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Centaurium sebaeoides) Terrestrial

'Awiwi (Hedyotis cookiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis cookiana) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bonamia menziesii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bonamia menziesii) Terrestrial

Chamaesyce Halemanui (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Chamaesyce halemanui) Terrestrial

Cyanea undulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea undulata) Terrestrial

Delissea rhytodisperma (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea rhytidosperma) Terrestrial

Dubautia latifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia latifolia) Terrestrial

Dubautia pauciflorula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia pauciflorula) Terrestrial

Geranium, Hawaiian Red-flowered Endangered Dicot Yes

(Geranium arboreum) Terrestrial

Gouania hillebrandii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania hillebrandii) Terrestrial

Gouania meyenii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania meyenii) Terrestrial

Gouania vitifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gouania vitifolia) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea acuminata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea acuminata) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea asarifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea asarifolia) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea copelandii ssp. copelandii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea copelandii ssp. haleakalaensis) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea Crispa) (=Rollandia crispa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea (=Rollandia) crispa) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea dunbarii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea dunbarii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea glabra) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea glabra) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea grimesiana ssp. obatae) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. carlsonii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea hamatiflora carlsonii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea hamatiflora ssp. hamatiflora) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Haha (Cyanea humboldtiana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea humboldtiana) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea koolauensis) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea longiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea longiflora) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea Macrostegia var. gibsonii) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyanea macrostegia ssp. gibsonii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea mannii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea mceldowneyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea mceldowneyi) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea pinnatifida) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea pinnatifida) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea platyphylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea platyphylla) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea procera) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea procera) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea recta) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Cyanea recta) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea remyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea remyi) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea shipmanii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea shipmannii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea stictophylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea stictophylla) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea St-Johnii) (=Rollandia St-Johnii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea st-johnii) Terrestrial

Haha (Cyanea superba) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyanea superba) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra crenata) Endangered Dicot No

(Cyrtandra crenata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra dentata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra dentata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra giffardii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra giffardii) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra limahuliensis) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra limahuliensis) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra munroi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra munroi) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra polyantha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra polyantha) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra subumbellata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra subumbellata) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra tintinnabula) Terrestrial

Ha'Iwale (Cyrtandra viridiflora) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra viridiflora) Terrestrial

Haplostachys Haplostachya (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Haplostachys haplostachya) Terrestrial

Hau Kauhiwi (Hibiscadelphus woodi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscadelphus woodii) Terrestrial

Hau Kuahiwi (Hibiscadelphus distans) Endangered Dicot No

(Hibiscadelphus distans) Terrestrial

Heau (Exocarpos luteolus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Exocarpos luteolus) Terrestrial

Hedyotis degeneri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis degeneri) Terrestrial

Hedyotis parvula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis parvula) Terrestrial

Hedyotis St.-Johnii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis st.-johnii) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia arborescens (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia arborescens) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia arbuscula (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia arbuscula) Terrestrial

Hesperomannia lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hesperomannia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Hibiscus, Clay's Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus clayi) Terrestrial

Holei (Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Ochrosia kilaueaensis) Terrestrial

Iliau (Wilkesia hobdyi) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Wilkesia hobdyi) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia cyrtandrae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia cyrtandrae) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia lydgatei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia tinifolia var. lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaen) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Labordia tinifolia var. wahiawaensis) Terrestrial

Kamakahala (Labordia triflora) Endangered Dicot No

(Labordia triflora) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Kanaloa kahoolawensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kanaloa kahoolawensis) Terrestrial

Kauila (Colubrina oppositifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Colubrina oppositifolia) Terrestrial

Kaulu (Pteralyxia kauaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Pteralyxia kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Kio'Ele (Hedyotis coriacea) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis coriacea) Terrestrial

Kiponapona (Phyllostegia racemosa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia racemosa) Terrestrial

Koki'o (Kokia drynarioides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kokia drynarioides) Terrestrial

Koki'o (Kokia kauaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Kokia kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus) Terrestrial

Koki'o Ke'oke'o (Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus waimeae ssp. hannerae) Terrestrial

Kolea (Myrsine juddii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Myrsine juddii) Terrestrial

Kolea (Myrsine linearifolia) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Myrsine linearifolia) Terrestrial

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bidens micrantha ssp. kalealaha) Terrestrial

Ko'oko'olau (Bidens wiebkei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Bidens wiebkei) Terrestrial

Ko'oloa'ula (Abutilon menziesii) Endangered Dicot No

(Abutilon menziesii) Terrestrial

Kopa (Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) Endangered Dicot No

(Hedyotis schlechtendahliana var. remyi) Terrestrial

Kuawawaenohu (Alsinidendron lychnoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alsinidendron lychnoides) Terrestrial

Kulu'I (Nototrichium humile) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nototrichium humile) Terrestrial

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago hawaiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Plantago hawaiensis) Terrestrial

Laukahi Kuahiwi (Plantago princeps) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Plantago princeps) Terrestrial

Laulihilihi (Schiedea stellarioides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea stellarioides) Terrestrial

Lipochaeta venosa (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Lipochaeta venosa) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lobelia monostachya (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia monostachya) Terrestrial

Lobelia niihauensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia niihauensis) Terrestrial

Lobelia oahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia oahuensis) Terrestrial

Lysimachia filifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia filifolia) Terrestrial

Lysimachia lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia lydgatei) Terrestrial

Lysimachia maxima (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lysimachia maxima) Terrestrial

Mahoe (Alectryon macrococcus) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Alectryon macrococcus) Terrestrial

Makou (Peucedanum sandwicense) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Peucedanum sandwicense) Terrestrial

Ma'o Hau Hele (Hibiscus brackenridgei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hibiscus brackenridgei) Terrestrial

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea apokremnos) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea apokremnos) Terrestrial

Ma'oli'oli (Schiedea kealiae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kealiae) Terrestrial

Mapele (Cyrtandra cyaneoides) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Cyrtandra cyaneoides) Terrestrial

Mehamehame (Flueggea neowawraea) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Flueggea neowawraea) Terrestrial

Munroidendron racemosum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Munroidendron racemosum) Terrestrial

Na'ena'e (Dubautia herbstobatae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Na'ena'e (Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Dubautia plantaginea ssp. humilis) Terrestrial

Nani Wai'ale'ale (Viola kauaensis var. wahiawaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola kauaiensis var. wahiawaensis) Terrestrial

Nanu (Gardenia mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Gardenia mannii) Terrestrial

Na'u (Gardenia brighamii) Endangered Dicot No

(Gardenia brighamii) Terrestrial

Naupaka, Dwarf (Scaevola coriacea) Endangered Dicot No

(Scaevola coriacea) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta fauriei) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta fauriei) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Nehe (Lipochaeta kamolensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta kamolensis) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta lobata var. leptophylla) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta micrantha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta micrantha) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta tenuifolia) Terrestrial

Nehe (Lipochaeta waimeaensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lipochaeta waimeaensis) Terrestrial

Neraudia angulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia angulata) Terrestrial

Neraudia ovata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia ovata) Terrestrial

Neraudia sericea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Neraudia sericea) Terrestrial

Nioi (Eugenia koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Eugenia koolauensis) Terrestrial

Nohoanu (Geranium multiflorum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Geranium multiflorum) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea rivularis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea rivularis) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea subcordata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea subcordata) Terrestrial

'Oha (Delissea undulata) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Delissea undulata) Terrestrial

'Oha (Lobelia gaudichaudii koolauensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Lobelia gaudichaudii ssp. koolauensis) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia drepanomorpha) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia drepanomorpha) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia lindseyana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia lindseyana) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. brevipes) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia oblongifolia ssp. mauiensis) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia peleana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia peleana) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia pyrularia) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia pyrularia) Terrestrial

'Oha Wai (Clermontia samuelii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Clermontia samuelii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

'Ohai (Sesbania tomentosa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sesbania tomentosa) Terrestrial

'Ohe'ohe (Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetraplasandra gymnocarpa) Terrestrial

'Olulu (Brighamia insignis) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Brighamia insignis) Terrestrial

Opuhe (Urera kaalae) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Urera kaalae) Terrestrial

Pamakani (Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola chamissoniana ssp. chamissoniana) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia hirsuta (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia hirsuta) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia kaalaensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia kaalaensis) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia knudsenii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia knudsenii) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia mannii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia mannii) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia mollis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia mollis) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia parviflora (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia parviflora) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia velutina (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia velutina) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia waimeae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia waimeae) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia warshaueri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia warshaueri) Terrestrial

Phyllostegia wawrana (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Phyllostegia wawrana) Terrestrial

Pilo (Hedyotis mannii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Hedyotis mannii) Terrestrial

Po'e (Portulaca sclerocarpa) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Portulaca sclerocarpa) Terrestrial

Popolo 'Aiakeakua (Solanum sandwicense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Solanum sandwicense) Terrestrial

Popolo Ku Mai (Solanum incompletum) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Solanum incompletum) Terrestrial

Pua'ala (Brighamia rockii) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Brighamia rockii) Terrestrial

Remya kauaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya kauaiensis) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Remya montgomeryi (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya montgomeryi) Terrestrial

Remya, Maui Endangered Dicot Yes

(Remya mauiensis) Terrestrial

Sandalwood, Lanai (='Iliahi) Endangered Dicot No

(Santalum freycinetianum var. lanaiense) Terrestrial

Sanicula mariversa (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sanicula mariversa) Terrestrial

Sanicula purpurea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Sanicula purpurea) Terrestrial

Schiedea haleakalensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea haleakalensis) Terrestrial

Schiedea helleri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea helleri) Terrestrial

Schiedea hookeri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea hookeri) Terrestrial

Schiedea kaalae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kaalae) Terrestrial

Schiedea kauaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea kauaiensis) Terrestrial

Schiedea lydgatei (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea lydgatei) Terrestrial

Schiedea membranacea (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea membranacea) Terrestrial

Schiedea nuttallii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea nuttallii) Terrestrial

Schiedea sarmentosa (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea sarmentosa) Terrestrial

Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea spergulina var. leiopoda) Terrestrial

Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Schiedea spergulina var. spergulina) Terrestrial

Schiedea verticillata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Schiedea verticillata) Terrestrial

Schiedea, Diamond Head (Schiedea adamantis) Endangered Dicot No

(Schiedea adamantis) Terrestrial

Silene alexandri (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene alexandri) Terrestrial

Silene hawaiiensis (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Silene hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Silene lanceolata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene lanceolata) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Silene perlmanii (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Silene perlmanii) Terrestrial

Silversword, Haleakala ('Ahinahina) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. macrocephalum) Terrestrial

Silversword, Ka'u (Argyroxiphium kauense) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Argyroxiphium kauense) Terrestrial

Silversword, Mauna Kea ('Ahinahina) Endangered Dicot No

(Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense) Terrestrial

Spermolepis hawaiiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Spermolepis hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

Stenogyne angustifolia (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Stenogyne angustifolia var. angustifolia) Terrestrial

Stenogyne bifida (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne bifida) Terrestrial

Stenogyne campanulata (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne campanulata) Terrestrial

Stenogyne kanehoana (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Stenogyne kanehoana) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium arenarium (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Tetramolopium arenarium) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium capillare (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium capillare) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium filiforme (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium filiforme) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium lepidotum ssp. lepidotum) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium remyi (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium remyi) Terrestrial

Tetramolopium rockii (ncn) Threatened Dicot Yes

(Tetramolopium rockii) Coastal (neritic), Terrestrial

Trematolobelia singularis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Trematolobelia singularis) Terrestrial

Uhiuhi (Caesalpinia kavaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Caesalpinia kavaiense) Terrestrial

Ulihi (Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis) Endangered Dicot No

(Phyllostegia glabra var. lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Vetch, Hawaiian (Vicia menziesii) Endangered Dicot No

(Vicia menziesii) Terrestrial

Vigna o-wahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Vigna o-wahuensis) Terrestrial

Viola helenae (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola helenae) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Viola lanaiensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot No

(Viola lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Viola oahuensis (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Viola oahuensis) Terrestrial

Wahine Noho Kula (Isodendrion pyrifolium) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Isodendrion pyrifolium) Terrestrial

Xylosma crenatum (ncn) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Xylosma crenatum) Terrestrial

Asplenium fragile var. insulare (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Asplenium fragile var. insulare) Terrestrial

Diellia erecta (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia erecta) Terrestrial

Diellia falcata (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia falcata) Terrestrial

Diellia pallida (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia pallida) Terrestrial

Diellia unisora (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diellia unisora) Terrestrial

Diplazium molokaiense (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Diplazium molokaiense) Terrestrial

Fern, Pendant Kihi (Adenophorus periens) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Adenophorus periens) Terrestrial

'Ihi'Ihi (Marsilea villosa) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Marsilea villosa) Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Pauoa (Ctenitis squamigera) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Ctenitis squamigera) Terrestrial

Pteris lidgatei (ncn) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Pteris lidgatei) Terrestrial

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Huperzia) mannii) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Huperzia mannii) Terrestrial

Wawae'Iole (Phlegmariurus (=Lycopodium) nutans) Endangered Ferns Yes

(Lycopodium (=Phlegmariurus) nutans) Terrestrial

Snail, Newcomb's Threatened Gastropod Yes

(Erinna newcombi) Freshwater

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella abbreviata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella abbreviata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella apexfulva) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella apexfulva) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bellula) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella bellula) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella buddii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella buddii) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella bulimoides) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella bulimoides) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella byronii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella byronii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella caesia) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella caesia) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella casta) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella casta) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella cestus) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella cestus) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella concavospira) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella concavospira) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella curta) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella curta) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decipiens) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella decipiens) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella decora) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella decora) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella dimorpha) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella dimorpha) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella elegans) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella elegans) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fulgens) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella fulgens) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella fuscobasis) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella fuscobasis) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juddii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella juddii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella juncea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella juncea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lehuiensis) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lehuiensis) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella leucorraphe) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella leucorraphe) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lila) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lila) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella livida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella livida) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella lorata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella lorata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella mustelina) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella mustelina) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella papyracea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella papyracea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella phaeozona) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella phaeozona) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pulcherrima) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella pulcherrima) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella pupukanioe) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella pupukanioe) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella rosea) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella rosea) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella sowerbyana) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella sowerbyana) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella spaldingi) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella spaldingi) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella stewartii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella stewartii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella swiftii) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella swiftii) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella taeniolata) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella taeniolata) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella thaanumi) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella thaanumi) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella turgida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella turgida) Terrestrial

Snail, O'ahu Tree (Achatinella valida) Endangered Gastropod No

(Achatinella valida) Terrestrial

Moth, Blackburn's Sphinx Endangered Insect Yes

(Manduca blackburni) Terrestrial

Bat, Hawaiian Hoary Endangered Mammal No

(Lasiurus cinereus semotus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Seal, Hawaiian Monk Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Monachus schauinslandi) Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

Bluegrass, Hawaiian Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa sandvicensis) Terrestrial

Bluegrass, Mann's (Poa mannii) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa mannii) Terrestrial

Gahnia Lanaiensis (ncn) Endangered Monocot No

(Gahnia lanaiensis) Terrestrial

Grass, Fosberg's Love Endangered Monocot Yes

(Eragrostis fosbergii) Terrestrial

Hala Pepe (Pleomele hawaiiensis) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pleomele hawaiiensis) Terrestrial

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Hawaii ( 345) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Hilo Ischaemum (Ischaemum byrone) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Ischaemum byrone) Terrestrial

Kamanomano (Cenchrus agrimonioides) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Cenchrus agrimonioides) Terrestrial

Lau'ehu (Panicum niihauense) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Panicum niihauense) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia affinis) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia affinis) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia kaalae) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia kaalae) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia munroi) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pritchardia munroi) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia napaliensis) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia napaliensis) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia remota) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Pritchardia remota) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia schattaueri) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia schattaueri) Terrestrial

Lo`ulu (Pritchardia viscosa) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia viscosa) Terrestrial

Mariscus fauriei (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Mariscus fauriei) Terrestrial

Mariscus pennatiformis (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Mariscus pennatiformis) Terrestrial

Panicgrass, Carter's (Panicum fauriei var.carteri) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Panicum fauriei var. carteri) Terrestrial

Platanthera holochila (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Platanthera holochila) Terrestrial

Poa siphonoglossa (ncn) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Poa siphonoglossa) Terrestrial

Pu'uka'a (Cyperus trachysanthos) Endangered Monocot Yes

(Cyperus trachysanthos) Terrestrial

Wahane (Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii) Endangered Monocot No

(Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Idaho ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

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Idaho ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Snail, Bliss Rapids Threatened Gastropod No

(Taylorconcha serpenticola) Freshwater

Snail, Snake River Physa Endangered Gastropod No

(Physa natricina) Terrestrial

Snail, Utah Valvata Endangered Gastropod No

(Valvata utahensis) Terrestrial

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Illinois ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Amphipod, Illinois Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Gammarus acherondytes) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Aster, Decurrent False Threatened Dicot No

(Boltonia decurrens) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Daisy, Lakeside Threatened Dicot No

(Hymenoxys herbacea) Freshwater

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

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Illinois ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect No

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Indiana ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata perobliqua) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

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Iowa ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Kansas ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Kentucky ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Kentucky ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Kirtland's Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica kirtlandii) Terrestrial

Warbler, Bachman's Endangered Bird No

(Vermivora bachmanii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Elktoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta atropurpurea) Freshwater

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Bean Endangered Bivalve No

(Villosa trabalis) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook Endangered Bivalve No

(Potamilus capax) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Purple Cat's Paw Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma obliquata obliquata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

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Kentucky ( 29) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Goldenrod, Short's Endangered Dicot No

(Solidago shortii) Terrestrial

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Dace, Blackside Threatened Fish No

(Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Louisiana ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Ringed Sawback Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys oculifera) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Maine ( 5) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Maine ( 5) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Salmon, Atlantic Endangered Fish No

(Salmo salar) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Maryland ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Darter, Maryland Endangered Fish Yes

(Etheostoma sellare) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox Endangered Mammal No

(Sciurus niger cinereus) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Massachusetts ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

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Massachusetts ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Plymouth Red-bellied Endangered Reptile Yes

(Pseudemys rubriventris bangsi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Michigan ( 11) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Goldenrod, Houghton's Threatened Dicot No

(Solidago houghtonii) Terrestrial

Monkey-flower, Michigan Endangered Dicot No

(Mimulus glabratus var. michiganensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Iris, Dwarf Lake Threatened Monocot No

(Iris lacustris) Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Minnesota ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Mussel, Winged Mapleleaf Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula fragosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Threatened Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

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Minnesota ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Lily, Minnesota Trout Endangered Monocot No

(Erythronium propullans) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Mississippi ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Combshell, Southern (=Penitent mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma penita) Freshwater

Mucket, Orangenacre Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis perovalis) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Black (=Curtus' Mussel) Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema curtum) Freshwater

Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema taitianum) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated Threatened Bivalve No

(Potamilus inflatus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema decisum) Freshwater

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Quillwort, Louisiana Endangered Ferns No

(Isoetes louisianensis) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Darter, Bayou Threatened Fish No

(Etheostoma rubrum) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Gulf Threatened Fish Yes

(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) Saltwater, Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

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Mississippi ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Gopher Threatened Reptile No

(Gopherus polyphemus) Terrestrial

Turtle, Ringed Sawback Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys oculifera) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Turtle, Yellow-blotched Map Threatened Reptile No

(Graptemys flavimaculata) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Missouri ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Scaleshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Leptodea leptodon) Freshwater

Aster, Decurrent False Threatened Dicot No

(Boltonia decurrens) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Bladderpod, Missouri Threatened Dicot No

(Lesquerella filiformis) Terrestrial

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon) Threatened Dicot No

(Geocarpon minimum) Terrestrial

Milkweed, Mead's Threatened Dicot No

(Asclepias meadii) Terrestrial

Cavefish, Ozark Threatened Fish No

(Amblyopsis rosae) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Darter, Niangua Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma nianguae) Freshwater

Madtom, Neosho Threatened Fish No

(Noturus placidus) Freshwater

Shiner, Topeka Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis topeka (=tristis)) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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Missouri ( 17) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Montana ( 8) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Howellia, Water Threatened Dicot No

(Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Nebraska ( 7) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Beetle, Salt Creek Tiger Endangered Insect No

(Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Nevada ( 35) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Rail, Yuma Clapper Endangered Bird No

(Rallus longirostris yumanensis) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Mentzelia leucophylla) Terrestrial

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Nevada ( 35) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Buckwheat, Steamboat Endangered Dicot No

(Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae) Terrestrial

Centaury, Spring-loving Threatened Dicot Yes

(Centaurium namophilum) Terrestrial

Gumplant, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Grindelia fraxino-pratensis) Terrestrial

Ivesia, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Ivesia kingii var. eremica) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Astragalus phoenix) Terrestrial

Niterwort, Amargosa Endangered Dicot Yes

(Nitrophila mohavensis) Terrestrial

Sunray, Ash Meadows Threatened Dicot Yes

(Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Pahranagat Roundtail Endangered Fish No

(Gila robusta jordani) Freshwater

Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater

Cui-ui Endangered Fish No

(Chasmistes cujus) Freshwater

Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled Endangered Fish Yes

(Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis) Freshwater

Dace, Desert Threatened Fish Yes

(Eremichthys acros) Freshwater

Dace, Moapa Endangered Fish No

(Moapa coriacea) Freshwater

Poolfish, Pahrump (= Pahrump Killifish) Endangered Fish No

(Empetrichthys latos) Freshwater

Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa Endangered Fish Yes

(Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) Freshwater

Pupfish, Devils Hole Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon diabolis) Freshwater

Pupfish, Warm Springs Endangered Fish No

(Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis) Freshwater

Spinedace, Big Spring Threatened Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda mollispinis pratensis) Freshwater

Spinedace, White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Lepidomeda albivallis) Freshwater

Springfish, Hiko White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Crenichthys baileyi grandis) Freshwater

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Nevada ( 35) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Springfish, Railroad Valley Threatened Fish Yes

(Crenichthys nevadae) Freshwater

Springfish, White River Endangered Fish Yes

(Crenichthys baileyi baileyi) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Sucker, Warner Threatened Fish Yes

(Catostomus warnerensis) Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Woundfin Endangered Fish Yes

(Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater

Naucorid, Ash Meadows Threatened Insect Yes

(Ambrysus amargosus) Terrestrial

Skipper, Carson Wandering Endangered Insect No

(Pseudocopaeodes eunus obscurus) Terrestrial

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

New Hampshire ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

New Jersey ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Curlew, Eskimo Endangered Bird No

(Numenius borealis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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New Jersey ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Beaked-rush, Knieskern's Threatened Monocot No

(Rhynchospora knieskernii) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

New Mexico ( 12) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No

(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Cactus, Knowlton Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus knowltonii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Mesa Verde Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae) Terrestrial

Cactus, Sneed Pincushion Endangered Dicot No

(Coryphantha sneedii var. sneedii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Mancos Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus humillimus) Terrestrial

Minnow, Rio Grande Silvery Endangered Fish Yes

(Hybognathus amarus) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

New York ( 11) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

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New York ( 11) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Fern, American hart's-tongue Threatened Ferns No

(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Snail, Chittenango Ovate Amber Threatened Gastropod No

(Succinea chittenangoensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

North Carolina ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Tern, Roseate Endangered Bird No

(Sterna dougallii dougallii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Elktoe, Appalachian Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Alasmidonta raveneliana) Freshwater

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Mussel, Heelsplitter Carolina Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Lasmigona decorata) Freshwater

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Spinymussel, James River Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema collina) Freshwater

Spinymussel, Tar River Endangered Bivalve No

(Elliptio steinstansana) Freshwater

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Avens, Spreading Endangered Dicot No

(Geum radiatum) Terrestrial

Bittercress, Small-anthered Endangered Dicot No

(Cardamine micranthera) Terrestrial

Blazing Star, Heller's Threatened Dicot No

(Liatris helleri) Terrestrial

Bluet, Roan Mountain Endangered Dicot No

(Hedyotis purpurea var. montana) Terrestrial

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North Carolina ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Hexastylis naniflora) Terrestrial

Heather, Mountain Golden Threatened Dicot Yes

(Hudsonia montana) Terrestrial

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Terrestrial

Meadowrue, Cooley's Endangered Dicot No

(Thalictrum cooleyi) Terrestrial

Pitcher-plant, Mountain Sweet Endangered Dicot No

(Sarracenia rubra ssp. jonesii) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Sumac, Michaux's Endangered Dicot No

(Rhus michauxii) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Endangered Dicot No

(Helianthus schweinitzii) Terrestrial

Shiner, Cape Fear Endangered Fish Yes

(Notropis mekistocholas) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Butterfly, Saint Francis' Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii francisci) Terrestrial

Lichen, Rock Gnome Endangered Lichen No

(Gymnoderma lineare) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying Endangered Mammal No

(Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Terrestrial

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Arrowhead, Bunched Endangered Monocot No

(Sagittaria fasciculata) Freshwater

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North Carolina ( 45) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Irisette, White Endangered Monocot No

(Sisyrinchium dichotomum) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Sedge, Golden Endangered Monocot No

(Carex lutea) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

North Dakota ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Ohio ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Northern Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa rangiana) Freshwater

Clover, Running Buffalo Endangered Dicot No

(Trifolium stoloniferum) Terrestrial

Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial

Madtom, Scioto Endangered Fish No

(Noturus trautmani) Freshwater

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

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Ohio ( 10) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Snake, Northern Copperbelly Water Threatened Reptile No

(Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Oklahoma ( 9) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Vireo, Black-capped Endangered Bird No

(Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Shiner, Arkansas River Threatened Fish Yes

(Notropis girardi) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Orchid, Western Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera praeclara) Terrestrial

Oregon ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Threatened Dicot No

(Sidalcea nelsoniana) Terrestrial

Daisy, Willamette Endangered Dicot No

(Erigeron decumbens var. decumbens) Terrestrial

Lomatium, Bradshaw's Endangered Dicot No

(Lomatium bradshawii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Chub, Oregon Endangered Fish No

(Oregonichthys crameri) Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

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Oregon ( 18) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Steelhead, (Lower Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Upper Willamette River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Pennsylvania ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Turtle, Bog (Northern population) Threatened Reptile No

(Clemmys muhlenbergii) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Rhode Island ( 4) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Gerardia, Sandplain Endangered Dicot No

(Agalinis acuta) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

South Carolina ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Flatwoods Threatened Amphibian No

(Ambystoma cingulatum) Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Warbler, Bachman's Endangered Bird No

(Vermivora bachmanii) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

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South Carolina ( 24) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Amaranth, Seabeach Threatened Dicot No

(Amaranthus pumilus) Coastal (neritic)

Chaffseed, American Endangered Dicot No

(Schwalbea americana) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Dropwort, Canby's Endangered Dicot No

(Oxypolis canbyi) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Heartleaf, Dwarf-flowered Threatened Dicot No

(Hexastylis naniflora) Terrestrial

Loosestrife, Rough-leaved Endangered Dicot No

(Lysimachia asperulaefolia) Terrestrial

Pondberry Endangered Dicot No

(Lindera melissifolia) Terrestrial

Sunflower, Schweinitz's Endangered Dicot No

(Helianthus schweinitzii) Terrestrial

Sturgeon, Shortnose Endangered Fish No

(Acipenser brevirostrum) Saltwater, Freshwater

Manatee, West Indian Endangered Marine mml Yes

(Trichechus manatus) Saltwater

Whale, Finback Endangered Marine mml No

(Balaenoptera physalus) Saltwater

Whale, Humpback Endangered Marine mml No

(Megaptera novaeangliae) Saltwater

Trillium, Relict Endangered Monocot No

(Trillium reliquum) Terrestrial

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Snake, Eastern Indigo Threatened Reptile No

(Drymarchon corais couperi) Terrestrial

South Dakota ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

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South Dakota ( 3) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Tennessee ( 62) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Stork, Wood Endangered Bird No

(Mycteria americana) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Combshell, Upland Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma metastriata) Freshwater

Fanshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Cyprogenia stegaria) Freshwater

Kidneyshell, Triangular Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Ptychobranchus greenii) Freshwater

Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel) Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis abrupta) Freshwater

Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus acutissimus) Freshwater

Mussel, Clubshell Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema clava) Freshwater

Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Medionidus parvulus) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Combshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma brevidens) Freshwater

Mussel, Cumberland Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema gibberum) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook Threatened Bivalve Yes

(Lampsilis altilis) Freshwater

Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cuneolus) Freshwater

Mussel, Ovate Clubshell Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema perovatum) Freshwater

Mussel, Oyster Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Epioblasma capsaeformis) Freshwater

Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly) Endangered Bivalve No

(Obovaria retusa) Freshwater

Mussel, Rough Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Pleurobema plenum) Freshwater

Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve No

(Fusconaia cor) Freshwater

Mussel, Southern Pigtoe Endangered Bivalve Yes

(Pleurobema georgianum) Freshwater

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Tennessee ( 62) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Pearlymussel, Birdwing Endangered Bivalve No

(Conradilla caelata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cracking Endangered Bivalve No

(Hemistena lata) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface Endangered Bivalve No

(Quadrula intermedia) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Dromedary Endangered Bivalve No

(Dromus dromas) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Green-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa gubernaculum) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Little-wing Endangered Bivalve No

(Pegias fabula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Orange-footed Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cooperianus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput Endangered Bivalve No

(Toxolasma cylindrellus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Tubercled-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma torulosa torulosa) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Turgid-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma turgidula) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, White Wartyback Endangered Bivalve No

(Plethobasus cicatricosus) Freshwater

Pearlymussel, Yellow-blossom Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina florentina) Freshwater

Riffleshell, Tan Endangered Bivalve No

(Epioblasma florentina walkeri (=E. walkeri)) Freshwater

Crayfish, Nashville Endangered Crustacean No

(Orconectes shoupi) Freshwater

Avens, Spreading Endangered Dicot No

(Geum radiatum) Terrestrial

Clover, Leafy Prairie Endangered Dicot No

(Dalea foliosa) Terrestrial

Coneflower, Tennessee Purple Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Ground-plum, Guthrie's Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus bibullatus) Terrestrial

Potato-bean, Price's Threatened Dicot No

(Apios priceana) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Large (=Braun's) Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. ampla Rollins) Terrestrial

Rock-cress, Small Endangered Dicot Yes

(Arabis perstellata E. L. Braun var. perstellata Fernald) Terrestrial

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Tennessee ( 62) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rosemary, Cumberland Threatened Dicot No

(Conradina verticillata) Terrestrial

Spiraea, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Spiraea virginiana) Terrestrial

Chub, Slender Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimystax cahni) Freshwater

Chub, Spotfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Erimonax monachus) Freshwater

Dace, Blackside Threatened Fish No

(Phoxinus cumberlandensis) Freshwater

Darter, Amber Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina antesella) Freshwater

Darter, Bluemask (=jewel) Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma /) Freshwater

Darter, Boulder Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma wapiti) Freshwater

Darter, Duskytail Endangered Fish No

(Etheostoma percnurum) Freshwater

Darter, Slackwater Threatened Fish Yes

(Etheostoma boschungi) Freshwater

Darter, Snail Threatened Fish No

(Percina tanasi) Freshwater

Logperch, Conasauga Endangered Fish Yes

(Percina jenkinsi) Freshwater

Madtom, Smoky Endangered Fish Yes

(Noturus baileyi) Freshwater

Madtom, Yellowfin Threatened Fish Yes

(Noturus flavipinnis) Freshwater

Shiner, Blue Threatened Fish No

(Cyprinella caerulea) Freshwater

Shiner, Palezone Endangered Fish No

(Notropis albizonatus) Freshwater

Sturgeon, Pallid Endangered Fish No

(Scaphirhynchus albus) Freshwater

Bat, Gray Endangered Mammal No

(Myotis grisescens) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Squirrel, Carolina Northern Flying Endangered Mammal No

(Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) Terrestrial

Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed Endangered Monocot No

(Xyris tennesseensis) Terrestrial

Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

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Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, San Marcos Threatened Amphibian Yes

(Eurycea nana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Salamander, Texas Blind Endangered Amphibian No

(Typhlomolge rathbuni) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Toad, Houston Endangered Amphibian Yes

(Bufo houstonensis) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Harvestman, Robber Baron Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Texella cokendolpheri) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Meshweaver, Braken Bat Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina venii) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Spider, Government Canyon Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Neoleptoneta microps) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Spider, Madla's Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina madla) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Spider, Robber Baron Cave Endangered Arachnid Yes

(Cicurina baronia) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Spider, Vesper Cave Endangered Arachnid No

(Cicurina vespera) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Falcon, Northern Aplomado Endangered Bird No

(Falco femoralis septentrionalis) Terrestrial

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Prairie-chicken, Attwater's Greater Endangered Bird No

(Tympanuchus cupido attwateri) Terrestrial

Tern, Interior (population) Least Endangered Bird No

(Sterna antillarum) Terrestrial

Vireo, Black-capped Endangered Bird No

(Vireo atricapilla) Terrestrial

Warbler (=Wood), Golden-cheeked Endangered Bird No

(Dendroica chrysoparia) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Amphipod, Peck's Cave Endangered Crustacean No

(Stygobromus (=Stygonectes) pecki) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Ambrosia, South Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Ambrosia cheiranthifolia) Terrestrial

Ayenia, Texas Endangered Dicot No

(Ayenia limitaris) Terrestrial

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Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Cactus, Star Endangered Dicot No

(Astrophytum asterias) Terrestrial

Cactus, Tobusch Fishhook Endangered Dicot No

(Ancistrocactus tobuschii) Terrestrial

Dawn-flower, Texas Prairie (=Texas Bitterweed) Endangered Dicot No

(Hymenoxys texana) Terrestrial

Manioc, Walker's Endangered Dicot No

(Manihot walkerae) Terrestrial

Darter, Fountain Endangered Fish Yes

(Etheostoma fonticola) Freshwater

Gambusia, San Marcos Endangered Fish Yes

(Gambusia georgei) Freshwater

Beetle, American Burying Endangered Insect No

(Nicrophorus americanus) Terrestrial

Beetle, Comal Springs Dryopid Endangered Insect No

(Stygoparnus comalensis) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Beetle, Comal Springs Riffle Endangered Insect No

(Heterelmis comalensis) Subterraneous, Freshwater

Beetle, Helotes Mold Endangered Insect Yes

(Batrisodes venyivi) Subterraneous

Rhadine exilis (ncn) Endangered Insect Yes

(Rhadine exilis) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Rhadine infernalis (ncn) Endangered Insect Yes

(Rhadine infernalis) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Bear, Louisiana Black Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus americanus luteolus) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Gulf Coast Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi cacomitli) Terrestrial

Jaguarundi, Sinaloan Endangered Mammal No

(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca) Terrestrial

Ocelot Endangered Mammal No

(Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis) Terrestrial

Wild-rice, Texas Endangered Monocot Yes

(Zizania texana) Freshwater

Sea turtle, green Endangered Reptile No

(Chelonia mydas) Saltwater

Sea turtle, hawksbill Endangered Reptile Yes

(Eretmochelys imbricata) Saltwater

Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley Endangered Reptile No

(Lepidochelys kempii) Saltwater

Sea turtle, leatherback Endangered Reptile Yes

(Dermochelys coriacea) Saltwater

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 276
Texas ( 43) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Sea turtle, loggerhead Threatened Reptile No

(Caretta caretta) Saltwater

Utah ( 33) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow Endangered Bird Yes

(Empidonax traillii extimus) Terrestrial

Owl, Mexican Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis lucida) Terrestrial

Bear-poppy, Dwarf Endangered Dicot No

(Arctomecon humilis) Terrestrial

Cactus, San Rafael Endangered Dicot No

(Pediocactus despainii) Terrestrial

Cactus, Siler Pincushion Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri) Terrestrial

Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless Threatened Dicot No

(Sclerocactus glaucus) Terrestrial

Cactus, Winkler Threatened Dicot No

(Pediocactus winkleri) Terrestrial

Cactus, Wright Fishhook Endangered Dicot No

(Sclerocactus wrightiae) Terrestrial

Cycladenia, Jones Threatened Dicot No

(Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis)) Terrestrial

Daisy, Maguire Threatened Dicot No

(Erigeron maguirei) Freshwater

Milk-vetch, Deseret Threatened Dicot No

(Astragalus desereticus) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Heliotrope Threatened Dicot Yes

(Astragalus montii) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Holmgren Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus holmgreniorum) Terrestrial

Milk-vetch, Shivwits Endangered Dicot No

(Astragalus ampullarioides) Terrestrial

Phacelia, Clay Endangered Dicot No

(Phacelia argillacea) Terrestrial

Primrose, Maguire Threatened Dicot No

(Primula maguirei) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Barneby Endangered Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe barnebyi) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Clay Threatened Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe argillacea) Terrestrial

Reed-mustard, Shrubby Endangered Dicot No

(Schoenocrambe suffrutescens) Terrestrial

Ridge-cress (=Pepper-cress), Barneby Endangered Dicot No

(Lepidium barnebyanum) Terrestrial

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 277
Utah ( 33) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Townsendia, Last Chance Threatened Dicot No

(Townsendia aprica) Terrestrial

Chub, Bonytail Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila elegans) Freshwater

Chub, Humpback Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila cypha) Freshwater

Chub, Virgin River Endangered Fish Yes

(Gila seminuda (=robusta)) Freshwater

Squawfish, Colorado Endangered Fish Yes

(Ptychocheilus lucius) Freshwater

Sucker, June Endangered Fish Yes

(Chasmistes liorus) Freshwater

Sucker, Razorback Endangered Fish Yes

(Xyrauchen texanus) Freshwater

Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi) Freshwater

Woundfin Endangered Fish Yes

(Plagopterus argentissimus) Freshwater

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Prairie Dog, Utah Threatened Mammal No

(Cynomys parvidens) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Ladies'-tresses, Ute Threatened Monocot No

(Spiranthes diluvialis) Terrestrial

Tortoise, Desert Threatened Reptile Yes

(Gopherus agassizii) Terrestrial

Virginia ( 19) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salamander, Shenandoah Endangered Amphibian No

(Plethodon shenandoah) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Woodpecker, Red-cockaded Endangered Bird No

(Picoides borealis) Terrestrial

Mussel, Dwarf Wedge Endangered Bivalve No

(Alasmidonta heterodon) Freshwater

Isopod, Madison Cave Threatened Crustacean No

(Antrolana lira) Freshwater

Coneflower, Smooth Endangered Dicot No

(Echinacea laevigata) Terrestrial

Harperella Endangered Dicot No

(Ptilimnium nodosum) Freshwater

Joint-vetch, Sensitive Threatened Dicot No

(Aeschynomene virginica) Terrestrial, Brackish

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 278
Virginia ( 19) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Rock-cress, Shale Barren Endangered Dicot No

(Arabis serotina) Terrestrial

Sneezeweed, Virginia Threatened Dicot No

(Helenium virginicum) Vernal pool

Sumac, Michaux's Endangered Dicot No

(Rhus michauxii) Terrestrial

Logperch, Roanoke Endangered Fish No

(Percina rex) Freshwater

Butterfly, Mitchell's Satyr Endangered Insect No

(Neonympha mitchellii mitchellii) Terrestrial

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

Bat, Virginia Big-eared Endangered Mammal Yes

(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii virginianus) Terrestrial, Subterraneous

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Pink, Swamp Threatened Monocot No

(Helonias bullata) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Pogonia, Small Whorled Threatened Monocot No

(Isotria medeoloides) Terrestrial

Washington ( 30) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Murrelet, Marbled Threatened Bird Yes

(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus) Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

Owl, Northern Spotted Threatened Bird Yes

(Strix occidentalis caurina) Terrestrial

Pelican, Brown Endangered Bird No

(Pelecanus occidentalis) Terrestrial

Catchfly, Spalding's Threatened Dicot No

(Silene spaldingii) Terrestrial

Checker-mallow, Nelson's Threatened Dicot No

(Sidalcea nelsoniana) Terrestrial

Howellia, Water Threatened Dicot No

(Howellia aquatilis) Freshwater

Paintbrush, Golden Threatened Dicot No

(Castilleja levisecta) Terrestrial

Salmon, Chinook (Lower Columbia River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Puget Sound) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River Fall Run) Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

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 279
Washington ( 30) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Salmon, Chinook (Snake River spring/summer) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Columbia River Spring) Endangered Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha) Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

Salmon, Chum (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Salmon, Chum (Hood Canal Summer population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) keta) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Salmon, Sockeye (Ozette Lake population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish

Salmon, Sockeye (Snake River population) Endangered Fish No

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) nerka) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Lower Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Middle Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

Steelhead, (Snake River Basin population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

Steelhead, (Upper Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, (Upper Willamette River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss) Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

Steelhead, Puget Sound Threatened Fish No

(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Trout, Bull Threatened Fish No

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Columbia River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Trout, Bull (Klamath River population) Threatened Fish Yes

(Salvelinus confluentus) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Deer, Columbian White-tailed Endangered Mammal No

(Odocoileus virginianus leucurus) Terrestrial

Rabbit, Pygmy Endangered Mammal No

(Brachylagus idahoensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

West Virginia ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bat, Indiana Endangered Mammal Yes

(Myotis sodalis) Subterraneous, Terrestrial

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 280
West Virginia ( 2) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Bulrush, Northeastern (=Barbed Bristle) Endangered Monocot No

(Scirpus ancistrochaetus) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Wisconsin ( 13) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Crane, Whooping Endangered Bird Yes

(Grus americana) Terrestrial, Freshwater

Plover, Piping Endangered Bird Yes

(Charadrius melodus) Terrestrial

Pearlymussel, Higgins' Eye Endangered Bivalve No

(Lampsilis higginsii) Freshwater

Clover, Prairie Bush Threatened Dicot No

(Lespedeza leptostachya) Terrestrial

Locoweed, Fassett's Threatened Dicot No

(Oxytropis campestris var. chartacea) Terrestrial

Monkshood, Northern Wild Threatened Dicot No

(Aconitum noveboracense) Terrestrial

Thistle, Pitcher's Threatened Dicot No

(Cirsium pitcheri) Terrestrial

Butterfly, Karner Blue Endangered Insect No

(Lycaeides melissa samuelis) Terrestrial

Dragonfly, Hine's Emerald Endangered Insect No

(Somatochlora hineana) Freshwater, Terrestrial

Lynx, Canada Threatened Mammal No

(Lynx canadensis) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

Iris, Dwarf Lake Threatened Monocot No

(Iris lacustris) Terrestrial

Orchid, Eastern Prairie Fringed Threatened Monocot No

(Platanthera leucophaea) Terrestrial

Wyoming ( 6) species: Taxa Critical Habitat

Butterfly Plant, Colorado Threatened Dicot Yes

(Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis) Terrestrial

Dace, Moapa Endangered Fish No

(Moapa coriacea) Freshwater

Bear, Grizzly Threatened Mammal No

(Ursus arctos horribilis) Terrestrial

Ferret, Black-footed Endangered Mammal No

(Mustela nigripes) Terrestrial

Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping Threatened Mammal Yes

(Zapus hudsonius preblei) Terrestrial

Wolf, Gray Endangered Mammal Yes

(Canis lupus) Terrestrial

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 282

No species were selected for exclusion.

Dispersed species included in report. 

8/20/2007 10:01:10 AM Ver. 2.10.3 Page 71 of 71
APPENDIX I: Environmental fate and Effects Data 

Requirements for Siduron 

Table 1. Environmental Fate Data Requirements for Siduron 

Guideline 

No. 

Data Requirement MRID No. Study Classification 

161-1 Hydrolysis MRID# 41050501 Acceptable 

161-2 Photodegradation in Water (pH 7) MRID# 41811301 Acceptable 

161-3 Photodegradation on Soil MRID# 41811302 Acceptable 

161-4 Photodegradation in a.i.r No Data Waived 

162-1 Aerobic Soil Metabolism Study ID#42159601 

MRID# 43846701 

Acceptable 

Acceptable 

162-2 Anaerobic Soil Metabolism MRID# 41618201 Acceptable 

162-3 Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism No Data Waived 

162-4 Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism No Data Waived 

163-1 Adsorption/Desorption MRID# 4811303 Acceptable 

163-2 Laboratory Volatility No Data Waived 

163-3 Field Volatility No Data Waived 

164-1 Terrestrial Field Dissipation MRID#42535801 Acceptable 

165-4 Accumulation in Fish MRID# 41811305 Acceptable

Table 2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Siduron 

Guideline 

No. 

Data 

Requirement Species Formulation 

Are data 

adequate for 

ecological risk 

assessment? 

MRID Number 

(Study 

Classification) 

Anas Platyrhynchos 

(mallard duck) 

No data 

submitted 

No data; data 

requirment not 

fulfilled 

No data 

submitted 

71-1 

850.2100 

Avian Acute Oral 

Toxicity 

Colinus virginianu 

(bobwhite quail)

Technical Yes 40991601 

Colinus virginianu 

(bobwhite quail) 

71-2 Technical Yes 40991602 

850.2200 

Avian Subacute 

Dietary Toxicity 

Anas Platyrhynchos 

(mallard duck)

Technical Yes 40991603 

Colinus virginianu 

(bobwhite quail)

71-4 Technical Yes 43883301 

850.2300 

Avian 

Reproduction 

Toxicity

Anas Platyrhynchos 

(mallard duck)

No data 

submitted 

No data; data 

requirment not 

fulfilled 

No data 

submitted 

72-1 

850.1075 

Freshwater Fish 

LC50

Pimephales promelas 

(fathead minnow)

No data 

submitted 

No data; data 

requirment not 

fulfilled 

 283
Table 2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Siduron 

Guideline 

No. 

Data 

Requirement 

Are data 

adequate for MRID Number 

Species Formulation 

ecological risk (Study 

assessment? Classification) 

Oncorhynchus mykiss 

(rainbow trout)

Technical Yes 43324501 

Bluegill sunfish Technical No -- 

72-2 

850.1010 

Freshwater 

Invertebrate Acute 

LC50

Daphnia magna 

(water flea)

Technical Yes 43324502 

72-3(a) 

850.1075 

Estuarine/Marine 

Fish LC50

Cyprinodon variegatus 

(sheepshead minnow)

Technical Yes 43327902 

72-3(b) 

850.1025 

Estuarine/Marine 

Invertebrate 

(Mollusk) 

Crassostrea virginica 

(eastern oyster)

Technical Yes 43385401 

72-3(c) 

850.1035 

850.1045 

Estuarine/Marine 

Invertebrate 

(Mysid)

Americamysis bahia 

(mysid shrimp)

Technical Yes 45868301 

72-4 (a) 

850.1400 

Fish Early 

Life-Stage 

(Freshwater) 

(Marine) 

Pimephales promelas 

(fathead minnow) 

No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted

--

72-4 (b) 

850.1300 

850.1350 

Aquatic 

Invertebrate LifeCycle 

(Freshwater) 

(Marine) 

Americamysis bahia 

(mysid shrimp) 

No data 

submitted 

No data; data 

requirment not 

fulfilled

--

72-5 

850.1500 

Fish Full LifeCycle 

(Freshwater) 

(Marine) 

No data submitted No data 

submitted 

No data; data 

requirment not 

fulfilled

--

122-1(a) 

850.4100 

Seed 

Germination/ 

Seedling 

Emergence 

(Tier I)

Monocots and Dicots Technical Not applicable 

– Need Tier II 

testing 

-- 

122-1(b) 

850.4150 

Vegetative Vigor 

(Tier I) 

Monocots and Dicots Technical No data; data 

requirement not 

fulfilled 

-- 

No data 

submitted 

122-2 Not fulfilled --

850.4400 

Aquatic Plant 

Growth (Tier I) 

Lemna gibba (duckweed)

No data 

submitted 

Not fulfilled --

 284
 285

Table 2. Ecological Effects Data Requirements for Siduron 

Guideline 

No. 

Data 

Requirement Species Formulation 

Are data 

adequate for 

ecological risk 

assessment? 

MRID Number 

(Study 

Classification) 

123-1(a) 

850.4225 

Seed 

Germination/ 

Seedling 

Emergence 

(Tier II) 

Monocots and Dicots Technical No; there are 

insufficient 

number of 

dicots tested 

433854-02 

123-1(b) 

850.4250 

Vegetative Vigor 

(Tier II) 

Monocots and Dicots Technical No data; data 

requirement not 

fulfilled 

-- 

123-2 

850.4400 

Aquatic Plant 

Growth (Tier II) 

Lemna gibba (duckweed) No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted

No data 

submitted

Anabaena flos-aquae 

(freshwater alga)

Technical Yes 42111002 

Skeletonema costatum

(marine alga) 

No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted

No data 

submitted

Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata 

No data 

submitted

No data 

submitted

No data 

submitted

123-2 

850.5400 

Algal Plant 

Toxicity 

(Tier I and Tier II) 

Navicula pelliculosa 

(freshwater alga)

No data 

submitted

No data 

submitted

No data 

submitted

141-1 

850.3020 

Honeybee Acute 

Contact Toxicity 

Test 

Apis mellifera (honey bee) Technical Yes 00018842 

141-2 

850.3030 

Residues on 

Foliage Honeybee 

Toxicity Test 

No data submitted No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted 

NonGuideline Honeybee 

Feeding Toxicity 

Test 

No Data Submitted No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted

NonGuideline Benthic 

Organisms 

Chironomus riparius 

(midge)

No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted

NonGuideline Earthworm 

Subacute 

No No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted 

No data 

submitted
APPENDIX J. Summary of Registered Labeled Siduron Uses 

Registrant/ Reg. No./ Formulation 

% 

a.i. Use sites 

Newly seeded 

in Spring 

Newly seeded 

previous Fall

Established 

Turf 

Application 

Timing 

Bonide/ 4-146/ Granular 

2.75 For use on grasses(a) intended 

for aesthetic purposes or climatic modification and being grown in interior plantscapes, ornamental gardens or parks, golf courses, lawns or grounds (not for use on plants being grown for sale or other commercial use, or for seed production) 

———— 4.8 lbs a.i./A ——— 

Bonide 4-179/ Granular 

7.65 For use on established or 

newly seeded temperate grasses(a); Professional use 

only; not for use on golf greens or food or feed crops 

5 lbs a.i./A —— 10 lbs a.i./A —— 

Established turf and previous fall seedings apply in spring before emergence of annual weed grasses; new spring seedings apply with seed or as final operation following seeding 

Scotts/ 538-60/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

3.1 Seeding new lawns or 

seeding of existing lawns(b)

6 lbs a.i./A, followed 30 days later by same if crabgrass bad previous year (total 12 lbs a.i./A)

Not labeled for use on established turf 

Apply after seeding 

286
Registrant/ 

Reg. No./ Formulation 

% 

a.i. Use sites 

Newly seeded 

in Spring 

Newly seeded 

previous Fall

Established 

Turf 

Application 

Timing 

Value Gardens Supply, LLC/ 769-840 Granular 

4.7 Not for commercial turf, grass 

grown for seed, research purposes 

Lebanon Seaboard Corp./ 961-297/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

2.4 Homeowner or Professional 

use on newly seeded or established lawns(a); not for 

use on commercial turf, grass grown for seed, or research purposes 

———— 3.7 lbs a.i./A ———— Established lawns 

apply after 1st or 2nd

mowing in the spring; for seeding apply after seeding in the spring 

Lebanon Seaboard Corp./ 961-309/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

4.6 Homeowner or Profession use 

on newly seeded or established lawns(a); not for 

use on commercial turf, grass grown for seed, or research purposes 

4 lbs a.i./A, followed by a second 

application one month later 

(total 8 lbs a.i./A) 

8 lbs a.i./Afollowed by a second application one month later (total 16 lbs a.i./A) 

Established lawns apply after 1st or 2nd

mowing in the spring; for seeding apply after seeding in the spring; followed by a second application one month later 

Lebanon Seaboard Corp./ 961-319/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

3.71 Use on newly seeded or 

established lawns(a); Not for 

use on commercial turf, grass grown for seed, research purposes 

———— 4.04 lbs a.i./A ———— 8.1 lbs a.i./A Established lawns 

apply after 1st or 2nd

mowing in the spring; for seeding apply after seeding in the spring; followed by a second application one month later 

Voluntary Purchasing Groups, Inc./ 7401-241/ Granular (with fertilizer)

2.54 Use on newly spring seeded 

lawns(b)

Label indicates one bag (of indeterminate size) will treat 5000 ft2

Not labeled for fall seeding or established lawns 

Apply after seeding in the spring; 

287
Registrant/ 

Reg. No./ Formulation 

% 

a.i. Use sites 

Newly seeded 

in Spring 

Newly seeded 

previous Fall

Established 

Turf 

Application 

Timing 

Knox Fertilizer Co., Inc./ 8378-63/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

3.5 

Knox Fertilizer Co., Inc./ 8378-64/ Granular 

4.7 

Home lawns, golf courses, parks, roadsides, athletic fields, all ornamental and recreational turf; not for use on commercial turf, grass grown for seed, research purposes 

Single 

application: 2-6 

lbs a.i./A Split application: 

3-6 lbs a.i./A followed 4 weeks later by 2-3 lbs a.i./A (total 5-9 lbs a.i./A) 

——— 8-12 lbs a.i./A——— Seeding Single 

application: Apply as 

final operation after seeding in the spring; Seeding multiple 

application: Apply as 

final operation after seeding followed 4 wks later; for established and fall seeding; Established and fall seeding: apply once in spring 

United Industries Corp./ 8660-23/ Granular 

6.4 For use on established or 

newly seeded grasses(a); Use 

on golf course turf not recommended 

5 lbs a.i./A ——— 10 lbs a.i./A ——— Bare ground spring 

seeding: apply as final operation after seeding; Established lawn, fall seeding or overseeding of established lawn apply in spring 

United Industries Corp./ 8660-87/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

3.71 For use on established or 

newly seeded grasses(a); For 

professional turf; 

4.04 lbs a.i./A ——— 8.08 lbs a.i./A ——— Bare ground spring 

seeding: apply as final operation after seeding; Established lawn, fall seeding or overseeding of established lawn apply in spring 

The Andersons Lawn Fertilizer Div. 9198-50/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

3.5 Use on newly seeded or 

established lawns(a); not for 

use on commercial turf, grass grown for seed, research purposes 

4 5 lbs a.i./A —— 8 - 10.1 lbs a.i./A —— Bare ground spring 

seeding: apply as final 

operation after seeding; 

Established lawn, fall 

seeding or overseeding 

of established lawn 

apply in spring 

The Andersons 

4.7 For use on grasses(a) intended 

for aesthetic purposes or 

5.1 lbs a.i./A 

repeat application 

——— 10.2 lbs a.i./A ——— Bare ground spring 

seeding: apply as final 

288
Registrant/ 

Reg. No./ Formulation 

% 

a.i. Use sites 

Newly seeded 

in Spring 

Newly seeded 

previous Fall

Established 

Turf 

Application 

Timing 

Lawn Fertilizer Div./ 9198-65/ Granular

climatic modification and being grown in interior plantscapes, ornamental gardens or parks, golf courses, lawns or grounds (not for use on plants being grown for sale or other commercial use, or for seed production) 

4-6 weeks later 

(total 10.2 lbs 

a.i./A)

operation after seeding; 

Established lawn, fall 

seeding or overseeding 

of established lawn 

apply in spring 

The Andersons Lawn Fertilizer Div./ 9198-181/ Granular (with fertilizer) 

3.1 Use on newly seeded or 

established lawns(a); Not for 

commercial turf, grass grown for seed, research purposes 

5.95 lbs a.i./A -- 5.95 lbs a.i./A 

followed 4 

weeks later 

with another 

application 

(total 

Bare ground spring or 

summer seeding: apply 

as final operation after 

seeding (April, May, 

June); Established turf 

apply between the 1st

and 5th mowing, 

followed 4 weeks later 

289
Registrant/ 

Reg. No./ Formulation 

% 

a.i. Use sites 

Newly seeded 

in Spring 

Newly seeded 

previous Fall

Established 

Turf 

Application 

Timing 

Gowan/ 10163-213/ Wettable Powder 

50 Turf grown for sod farm and 

grass seed production (except AZ); golf courses (fairways, greens, tees, aprons), lawns, parks, and ornamental turfgrass, sport facilities, and roadside seeding 

Single 

application(c): 2-6 

lbs a.i./A Split application: 

3-6 lbs a.i./A followed 4 weeks later by 2-3 lbs a.i./A (total 5 – 9 lbs a.i/A) 

Sod Farms, grass seed 

production, golf courses, lawns, parks and ornamental turfgrass:

8-12 lbs a.i./A in the spring followed by an additional fall application for sod farms and grass seed production uses or by an additional application 4 weeks later for all other uses, except roadside (total 16 – 24 lbs a.i/A) Bentgrass Greens: 10.9 to 21.8 

lbs a.i./A applied in March and April followed with subsequent applications at same rate at 4-5 wk intervals 

Bare ground spring 

seeding: apply after 

tillering and after the 

grass seedlings have 

developed an adequate 

secondary root system; 

established turf or fall 

seeding apply in 

spring, followed by an 

additional fall 

application for sod 

farms and grass seed or 

for all other uses 

except roadside apply 

four weeks later 

Howard Johnson 32802-28 Granular (with fertilizer)

3.71 Home lawns, golf courses, 

parks, roadsides, athletic fields, all ornamental and recreational turf; not for commercial turf, grass grown for seed or research purposes(b)

4.04 lbs a.i./A ——— 8.1 lbs a.i/A ——— Bare ground spring 

seeding: apply as final 

operation after seeding; 

Established lawn, fall 

seeding or overseeding 

of established lawn 

apply in spring 

(a) Temperate region grasses: bluegrass, fescue, redtop, smooth broome, perennial ryegrass, orchardgrass and the following strains of be

Seaside, Highland, Astona, Nimisila, C-1, C-7, and C-19. Some labels include use on zoysia grass some recommend it not be used for 

(b) Do not use on lawns of bentgrass, Bermuda grass, zoysia grass, centipede grass, St. Augustine grass, bahia grass, or on dichondra or 

(c) Roadside seeding consists of a single application. 

290
APPENDIX K. Aquatic Plant Toxicity Data for Phenylurea Herbicides 

NOAEC Results 

NOAEC (ppb) 

diuron fluometuron linuron siduron thidiazu

Achnanthes brevipes (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Amphora exigua (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Anabaena flos-aquae 5-d 70 (A)* 12.8 (A) 2800 (S, Chlamydomonas sp. (green algae) 72-h N.R.(S) Chlorella sp. (green algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Chlorococcum sp. (green algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Cyclotella nana (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Dunaliella tertiolecta (green algae) 10-d N.R. (S) Isochrysis galbana (algae) 10-d N.R. (S) Lemna gibba (duckweed) 14-d 115 (S)* 9.65 (A) 3,200 (AMonochrysis lutheri (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Navicula incerta (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Navicula pelliculosa (fw diatom) 7-d Neochloris sp. (green algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Nitzschia closterium (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Nitzschia sp. (m diatom) 5-d 107 (A) Phaeodactylum tricornutum (m diatom) 10-d N.R. (S) Platymonas sp. 72-h N.R. (S) Porphyridium cruentum (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae) 5-d 0.44 (A, 4d) 

N.R. (S) 

180 (A) 20 (A) <170 (S) 

Skeletonema costatum (m. diatom) 5-d 5.35 (A) Stauroneis amphoroides (algae) 72-h N.R. (S) 

291
292

Thalassiosira fluviatilus (diatom) 72-h N.R. (S) *Most sensitive value of two or more studies EC50 Results 

EC50 (ppb) 

diuron fluometuron linuron siduron thidiazu

Achnanthes brevipes (algae) 72-h 24 (S) Amphora exigua (algae) 72-h 31 (S) Anabaena flos-aquae 5-d 130 (A)* 38.8 (A) 6000 (S, Chlamydomonas sp. (green algae) 72-h 37 (S) Chlorella sp. (green algae) 72-h 19 (S) Chlorococcum sp. (green algae) 72-h 10 (S) Cyclotella nana (algae) 72-h 39 (S) Dunaliella tertiolecta (green algae) 10-d 20 (S) Isochrysis galbana (algae) 10-d 10 (S) Lemna gibba (duckweed) 14-d 220 (S)* 27.3 (A) >24,000 (AMonochrysis lutheri (algae) 72-h 18 (S) Navicula incerta (algae) 72-h 93 (S) Navicula pelliculosa (fw diatom) 7-d Neochloris sp. (green algae) 72-h 28 (S) Nitzschia closterium (algae) 72-h 50 (S) Nitzschia sp. (m diatom) 5-d 312 (A) Phaeodactylum tricornutum (m diatom) 10-d 10 (S) Platymonas sp. 72-h 17 (S) Porphyridium cruentum (algae) 72-h 24 (S) Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae) 5-d 2.4 (A, 4d) 

30 (S) 

306 (A) 67 (A) 210 (S) 

Skeletonema costatum (m. diatom) 5-d 35.9 (A) Stauroneis amphoroides (algae) 72-h 31 (S) Thalassiosira fluviatilus (diatom) 72-h 95 (S) Most sensitive value of two or more studies