[PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________ No. 13

- 12135

________________________ D.C. Docket No. 9:10

- cv
- 80804

- JIC
PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMP ANY , Plaintiff/Counter

- Defendant/Appellee ,

versus WELLS FARGO BANK, N.A. , as S ecurities I ntermediary,
Defendant/Counter

- Claimant/Appellant

.

________________________ No. 13

- 15859

________________________ D.C. Docke t No. 1:12

- cv
- 24441

- FAM
PRUCO LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY , Plaintiff/Appellant ,

versus U.S. BANK, N.A. , as Securities I ntermediary,

Case: 13-12135 Date Filed: 01/25/2017 Page: 1 of 52 Defendant/Appellee

.

________________________ Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida

________________________ ( January 25 , 201 7 )

Before TJOFLAT and JULIE CARNES, Circuit Judges, and DUBOSE ∗ , District Judge

. PER CURIAM: These consolidated appeal s require us to determine the validity of two individuals’ Stranger

- Originated Life Insurance (“STOLI”) policies that the issuing insurance company sought to have invalidated several years after their issuance. Arguing that the policies were invalid, the insurance company relied on a Florida statute that requires a person who procures life insurance to have an insurable interest in the life of the insured at the inception of the policy. 1 The insurance company contends that no such interest is present when a STOLI polic y is purchased a nd accordingly such policies should be considered void ab initio

. The

owner s of the polic ies relied on a second Florida statute that requir es all insurance

∗ Honorable Kristi K. DuBose, United States District Judge for the Southern District of Alabama, sitting by designation.
1 Fla. Stat. § 627.404. Case: 13-12135 Date Filed: 01/25/2017 Page: 2 of 53 policies to include a clause providing that the policy is incontestable after it has
been “in force ” for two years. 2 The policies at issue in this consolidated appeal contained such a clause, and the insurance company clearly failed to contest the policies within that two

- year window. Thus, the question before this Court was whether an insurance comp any can contest a STOLI policy that has been in force for more than two years. Given the absence of any controlling Florida precedent and the inconsistent answers provided by district courts within our circuit, we certified the following questions to the Supreme Court of Florida:
1. Can a party challenge an insurance policy as being void ab initio for lack of the insurable interest required by Fla. Stat. § 627.4 04 if that challenge is made after expiration of the two

- year contestability period mandated by Fla . Stat. § 627.455?
2. Assuming that a party can do so , does Fla. Stat. § 627.404 require that an individual with the required insurable interest also procure the insurance policy in good faith ? See Pruco Life Ins. Co. v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., 780 F.3d 1 327, 1336 (11th Cir. 2015).
We indicated that t he phrasing of the above questions should not restrict the Florida Supreme Court’s consideration of the issues presented in these appeals. In providing an answer, t he Florida Supreme Court determined that wit h a STOLI

2 Fla. Stat. § 627.455

. Case: 13-12135 Date Filed: 01/25/2017 Page: 3 of 54 policy like the two policies at issue in this consolidated appeal , an insurable
interest exists in the life of the insured at the inception of the policy, as required by
Fl orida Stat ute § 627.404. That being so, the Florida Supreme Court indicat ed that these policies became incontestable within two years from their issuance, as provided in Fl orida Statute § 627.455

. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. v. Pruco Life Ins. Co., 200 So.3d 1202, 1206 (2016)

. The court stated: Because STOLI policies like the Berg er and Guild policies at issue have the insurable interest required by section 627.404(1 ) at their inception, they become incontestable two years after their issuance under the plain language of section 627.455. Accordingly, we rephrase the questions cert ified by the Eleventh Circuit into the following question: Can a party challenge the validity of a life insurance policy after the two

- year contestability period established by section 627.455 because of its creation through a STOLI scheme?
We answer t his rephrased question in the negative and return this case to the Eleventh Circuit.
Id. at 1206

– 07. We thank the Florida Supreme Court for its guidance. In light of its
response, we AFFIRM the entry of judgment for U.S. Bank as to the Guild policy, App eal No. 13

- 15859, District Court No. 1: 12

- cv
- 24441

- FAM . We REVERSE the entry of judgment for Pruco Life Insurance Company as to the Berger policy,

Case: 13-12135 Date Filed: 01/25/2017 Page: 4 of 55 Appeal No. 13

- 12135, District Court No. 9: 10

- cv
- 80804

- JIC , and remand for proceedings consistent with this o pinion.

Case: 13-12135 Date Filed: 01/25/2017 Page: 5 of 5