H i C o r tn e y

,

I ' v e a t t a c h e d a n u m b er o f t h e d o c u m e nt s y o u ' d r e q u e s t e d o n o u r 12 / 8 c a l l

. I ' v e in c l u d e d a p re a m b l e/r u l e

w i th y o u r c o m m e nt s add r e ss e d

. I ' v e a l s o a t t a c h e d a c o p y o f y o u r s u m m a r y o f c o m m e n t s w i t h o u r

re s p o n s e s to t h e c o m m e n t s o n th e p r e a m b l e

.

A dd i t i o n a l l y

, I ' v e a t t a c h e d a n E x c e l s p re ad s h e e t w i t h t h e f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s c a l c u l a t i o n s

, a n o th er

s p r e ad s h ee t w i t h a l l o f t h e r a w da t a f o r t h e l e ad s t a ck t e s t s

, a n d a Wo r d d o c u m e n t w i t h e xc e r p t s f r o m t h e

1 9 9 7 N E S H A P e x p l a i n i n g t h e u s e o f l e ad a s a s u rr o ga t e f o r H A P m e t a l s i n t h e o r i g in a l s t a n da r d

. O n t h e

"C o m pa r i s o n o f E s t i m a t e s " t ab, y o u ' ll f in d a s i d e- b y- s i d e c o m pa r i s o n o f o u r e s t i m a t e s o f f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s

t o e s t i m a t e s s u b m i t t e d v i a th e I C R a n d T R I e s t i m a t e s

.

I ' v e a l s o a t t a c h e d o u r c u rre n t d r a f t o f t h e re s p o n s e t o c o m m e nt d o c u m e nt

. F i n a l l y

, I ' v e i n c lu d e d a P D F f i l e

w i th t h e E x i d e F r i sc o f a c i l i t y ' s e m i ss i o n in v e n t o r y i n w h i c h t h e i r f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s w

ere e s t i m a t e d

.

L e t m e k n o w w h a t ti m e s w o r k f o r y o u t o s e t u p a n o t h er c a l l e a r l y t h i s w e e k

, i f p o s s i b l e

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P a g e 1 o f 1S econda r y Lead

- R EV I SED Fug iti ve E m i ss i ons E s ti m a t es

Es t im at e s ba s e d upon E x i d e F r i s

c o d e ta il e d f u gi t i ve e s t im at e s and c o m pa r i s on o f f a cili t y d e s c r i pt i ons

B as i s : s i z e

f ac t o r and

housekeepi

ng f ac t or Fug i t i ve E m i ss i ons - O t he r M e t a l s

. B as i s A ve r age o f P r oduc t i on and A r ea f ac t o rs

Fac ili t y C ode S i z e Fac t or Enc l osu r e Fac t or Enc l osu r e

C a t ego r y H ousekeep i ng f ac t o r

( based on p r ac t i ces

p l us a m b i en t

m on i t o r i ng va l ues) Fug i t i ve Pb

E m i ss i ons

Tons / y r Fug i t i ve Pb

E m i ss i ons l b

/ y r A s Tons / yr B e Tons

/ yr C d Tons

/ yr C r Tons

/ yr C r + 6 Tons

/ yr C r + 3 Tons

/ yr M n Tons

/ yr H g Tons

/ yr E l e m en t a l

G aseous M e r cu ry G aseous

D i va l en t

M e r cu ry P a rt i cu l a t e D i va l en t M e r cu ry N i Tons / yr S e Tons

/ yr Sb Tons

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T ota l a ll m e ta ls 8

. 18U pda t es I nc l ude:

U s e d r e du c e d E x i d e F r i s

c o E mi ss i on s e s t im at e s

- e limi nat

e d doub l e c

ount i n g o f b l a s

t and r eve r b f u r na c e f u gi t i ves

Es t im at e d f u gi t i ve r e du c t i on f o r th e e n cl o s

u r e o f r aw m at e r i a l s to r a g e a r e a ba s e d on i n f o r m at i on s

ub mi tt e d b y F r i s c o

. ( P r ev i ou s e s t im at e s p r i o r to e n cl o s

u r e)

Ass ig n e d e mi ss i on s to un e n cl o s

e d f a cili t i e s ba s e d on a r at i o h ig h e r than th e E x i d e F r i s c o

, but s imil a r to th e i r e mi ss

i on s p r i o r to e n cl o s

u r e o f R aw m at e r i a l a r e a ( 1

. 07 f a c to r)

R ev i s e d E a s t P e nn f u gi t i ve e mi ss

i on s ba s e d on i n f o r m at i on p r

o v i d e d i n th e c o mm e nt s, u s i n g a wo r k p r

a c t ic e f a c to r o f 0

. 25 ( e qu i v a l e nt to b e

s t o f i ndu s t r y

, but not to l eve l o f Q u e m e t c o CA)

I n cl ud e d A r e ci bo f a cili t y u s i n g f a c to r s s imil a r to oth e r f

a cili t i e s. Be c au s e th e i r f a cili t y i s s m a ll and ha s l ow p r

odu c t i on

, f u gi t i ve s w e r e m od e r at e

.

F u gi t i ve Re

du c t i ons

C u rr e nt Re

du c t i on T PY

L e ad 7

. 08 6

. 43

As 0

. 180 0

. 16

Be 0

. 001 0

. 00

Cd 0

. 132 0

. 12

Cr 0

. 027 0

. 02

Mn 0

. 121 0

. 11

Hg 0

. 059 0

. 05

Ni 0

. 050 0

. 05

Se 0

. 301 0

. 29

Sb 0

. 227 0

. 21

total 8

. 18 7

. 44S ec ond a r y

L ea d

- R EV I SE D Fugi t i v e E m i ss ion s E s t i ma t es

E s t i m a te s ba s

e d up o n F a c

ili ty C d et a il e d f u g i t i ve e s t i m a te s and c

o m pa r is o n o f f a c ili ty d e s c r i p t i o ns

F u g i t i ve E m i ss i o n s - O t h e r M e t a l s

. B as i s A ve r age o f P r od u c t i o n a n d A r ea f ac t o rs

Fac ili t y C ode S i z e Fac t or E n c l os u r e Fac t or E n c l os u r e

C a t ego r y H o u sekeep i n g f ac t o r

( based o n p r ac t i ces

p l u s a m b i e n t

m o n i t o r i n g va l u es) F u g i t i ve Pb

E m i ss i o n s

To n s / y r F u g i t i ve Pb

E m i ss i o n s

l b / y r A

s To n s / yr B e To n s

/ yr C d To n s

/ yr

E x i d e B a t o n R o u ge 0.84 0.25 U n e n c l o s ed 0.2 0.03 60 7.57 E

- 04 5.16 E

- 06 5.53 E

- 04

E x i d e Fo r e s t C i ty 0.76 0.25 P a r t ial 0.2 0.03 54 6.83 E

- 04 4.67 E

- 06 5.00 E

- 04

E x i d e F r is co 1.03 0.25 P a r t i a l

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- 04 6.34 E

- 06 6.79 E

- 04

E x i d e M un c ie 1.04 0.25 E n c l o s ed 0.2 0.04 74 9.40 E

- 04 6.41 E

- 06 6.87 E

- 04

E x i d e Re ad i ng 1.00 0.25 P a r t i al 0.2 0.04 71 9.05 E

- 04 6.18 E

- 06 6.62 E

- 04

E x i d e Ve r n on 1.84 0.25 E n c lo s ed 0.2 0.07 131 1.66 E

- 03 1.13 E

- 05 1.21 E

- 03

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- 03 8.40 E

- 06 9.00

E

- 04

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- 03 7.32 E

- 06 7.84 E

- 04

Q u emet c o IN 1.28 0.25 E n c l o s ed 0.2 0.05 91 1.15 E

- 03 7.85 E

- 06 8.40 E

- 04

S and e r s, Al 1.40 0.25 U n e n c l o s ed 0.2 0.05 100 1.27 E

- 03 8.64 E

- 06 9.25 E

- 04

E n v i r o f o c us 0.44 0.25 P a r t i al 0.2 0.02 31 3.99 E

- 04 2.73 E

- 06 2.92 E

- 04

G o ph e r

, E a g

an Mn 1.56 0.25 E n c l o s ed 0.2 0.06 111 1.40 E

- 03 9.58

E

- 06 1.03 E

- 03

D o e R un

, B

o ss Mo 3.14 0.25 U n e n c l o s ed 0.2 0.11 223 2.83 E

- 03 1.93 E

- 05 2.07 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn 1.34 0.25 E n c l o s ed 0.2 0.05 95 1.21 E

- 03 8.25 E

- 06 8.83 E

- 04

A r e c i b o

, P u e r t o R i co 0.35 0.25 U n e n c l o s ed 0.2 0.01 25 3.15 E

- 04 2.15 E

- 06 2.30 E

- 04

J ohn s on c on t r ols 1.44 E n c lo s ed

0.66 0.017 0.000 0.012

a ve r a ge 0.05

U pd a t es In c lud e:

U s e d r e du c e d E x i d e F r is c o E m issi o n s e s

t i m a te s

- e li m i na te d d o ub l e c o un t i n g o f b l a s t and r eve r b f u r na c e f u g i t i ves

E s t i m a te d f u g i t i ve r e du c t i o n f o r t h e e n c

l o s u r e o f r a w m a te r i a l s

t o r a g e a r e a ba s e d o n i n f o r m a t i o n s

ub m i tte d b y

F r is c o

. ( P r ev i o u s e s t i m a te s p r i o r t

o e n c l o s u r e)

A ssi g n e d em issi o n s t

o un e n c l o s e d f a c ili t i e s ba s e d o n a r a t i o h i g h e r t han t h e E x i d e F r is c o

, bu t si m il a r t

o t h e i r em issi o n s p r i o r t

o e n c l o s u r e o f R a w m a te r i a l a r

e a ( 1.07 f a c t o r)

Re v is e d E a s t P e nn f u g i t i ve em issi o n s ba s

e d o n i n f o r m a t i o n p r

o v i d e d i n t h e c

o mme n t s, u si n g a wo r k p r a c t i c e f a c t o r o f 0 .25 ( e qu i v a l e n t t o b e s t o f i ndu s t r y

, bu t n o t t

o l eve l o f Q u emet

c o C A)

I n c l ud e d A r e c i b o f a c ili ty u si n g f

a c t o r s si m il a r t o o t h e r f a c ili t i e s. Be c

au s e t h e i r f a c ili ty is s m a ll and ha s l o

w p r o du c t i o n

, f u g i t i ve s w e r e m o d e r a te

.F u g i t i ve E m i ss i o n s - O t h e r M e t a l s

. B as i s A ve r age o f P r od u c t i o n a n d A r ea f ac t o rs

C r To n s / yr C r +6 To n s

/ yr C r +3 To n s

/ yr M n To n s

/ yr H g To n s

/ yr E l e m e n t a l

G aseo u s M e r c u ry G aseo u s

D i va l e n t

M e r c u ry P a rt i c u l a t e D i va l e n t M e r c u ry N i To n s / yr S e To n s

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1.12 E

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1.01 E

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1.37 E

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E

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1.39 E

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E

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1.34 E

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E

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E

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E

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- 03

2.46 E

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E

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- 04 4.38 E

- 04 5.47 E

- 05 5.47 E

- 05 4.62 E

- 04 8.17 E

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1.82 E

- 04 1.82 E

- 06 1.80 E

- 04 8.27 E

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- 05 4.06

E

- 05 3.42 E

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- 04 1.55 E

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1.59 E

- 04 1.59

E

- 06 1.57 E

- 04 7.21 E

- 04 3.54 E

- 04 2.83 E

- 04 3.54 E

- 05 3.54 E

- 05 2.99 E

- 04 5.28

E

- 04 1.35 E

- 03

1.70 E

- 04 1.70

E

- 06 1.68

E

- 04 7.72 E

- 04 3.79 E

- 04 3.03 E

- 04 3.79 E

- 05 3.79

E

- 05 3.20

E

- 04 5.66

E

- 04 1.45 E

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1.87 E

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- 06 1.85 E

- 04 8.50 E

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- 05 4.17 E

- 05 3.52 E

- 04 6.23 E

- 04 1.59 E

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5.91 E

- 05 5.91 E

- 07 5.85 E

- 05 2.68 E

- 04 1.32 E

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- 05 1.32 E

- 05 1.11 E

- 04 1.97 E

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- 04

2.08 E

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E

- 06 2.05 E

- 04 9.43 E

- 04 4.63 E

- 04 3.70 E

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- 04 6.91 E

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4.18 E

- 04 4.18

E

- 06 4.14 E

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- 05 9.33 E

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1.79 E

- 04 1.79

E

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4.65 E

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R o d r i gu ez o n b e h a l f o f t h e C i t y o f F r i s c o

, T e x a s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0079

. 1 79 J o hn C oo p e r

, P r e s i d e n t

, C o o p e r

E nv i r o n m e n t a l S e r v i c e s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0080 80 J a m e s K a v a n a u g h

, D i r ec t o r

, A i r P o ll u t i o n

C o n t r o l P r o g r a m , M i s s o u r i D e p a r t m e n t o f

N a t u r a l R e s o u r ce s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0081

. 1 81 J o hn C oo p e r

, P r e s i d e n t

, C o o p e r

E nv i r o n m e n t a l S e r v i c e s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0082 82 J e r r y C a m p b e l l

, D i r ec t o r

, A i r M a n a g e m e n

t

D i v i s i o n , E nv i

r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n

C o m m i ss i o n o f H i l l s b o r o ug h C o u n t y

, T a m p a

, F L

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0083 83 A n o ny m o u s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0084 84 J o hn C oo p e r

, P r e s i d e n t

, C o o p e r

E nv i r o n m e n t a l S e r v i c e s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0085 85 K r a g P e t t e r s o n

, P a ll C o r

po r a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0086 86 G

. V i n s o n H e ll w i g a n d R o b e r t C o l b y

, C oC h a i r s

, N a t i o n a l A ss o c i a t i o n o f C l e a n A i r

A g e n c i e s A i

r T o x i c s C o m

m i tt ee

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0087

. 1 87 T i m o t h y J

. L a F o n d , E n v i r o n m e n t a l

C o m m i tt ee C h a i r m a n

, B a t t e r y C o u n c i l

I n t e r n a t i o n a l

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0088

. 1 88 B i ll y N i c h o l s

, P r i n c i p a l E n g i n ee r

, U R S

C o r p o r a t i o n o n b e h a l f o f S a n d e r s L ea d

C o m p a ny9

D o c k e t I D C o m m e n t e r I D

C o d e C o m m e n t e r a nd A ff i l i a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0089

. 1 89 M i c h a e l C a rr

, V i ce P r e s i d e n t

, J o h n s o n

C o n t r o l s B a tt e r y G r o up

, I n c

. ; J o hn T a pp e r

, C h i e f O p e r a t i n g O f

f i c e r

, G o p h e r R e s o u r ce s

, E nv i r o F o c u s T ec h n o l og i e s ; D e a n A

. R o s s i

, V i ce P r e s i d e n

t

– G l o b a l E H S , E x i d e

T ec h n o l og i e s ; R i c h a r d L e i b y

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P r e s i d e n t

, M e t a l s O p e r a t i o n s , E a s t P e n n

M a n u f a c t u r i n g ; N

. K e n n e t h C a m p b e l l

, E x ec u t i v e V i ce P r e s i d e n

t

, S a n d e r s L ea d

C o m p a ny

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0090

. 1 90 M i c h a e l C a rr

, V i ce P r e s i d e n t

, J o h n s o n

C o n t r o l s B a tt e r y G r o up

, I n c

.

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0091

. 1 91 D e nn i s L a n e

, A tt o r n e y

, S t i n s o n M o rr i s o n

H ec k e r LL P o n b e h a l f o f D o e R u n

R e s o u r ce s C o r

p o r a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0092

. 1 92 J

. J a r e d S n y d e r

, A s s i s t a n

t C o m m i ss i o n e r f

o r

A i r R e s o u r ce s

, C l i m a t e C h a n g e a n d E n e r g y

, N e w Y o r k D e p a r

t m e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l

C o n s e r v a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0093

. 1 93 R i c h a r d L e i b y

, V i ce P r e s i d e n t

, M e t a l s

O p e r a t i o n s , E a s t P e nn M a n u f ac t u r i n g

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0094

. 1 94 D ea n A

. R o s s i

, V i c e P r e s i d e n t

– G l o b a l

E H S

, E x i d e T ec h n o l og i e s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0095

. 1 95 H o m e r P

. H i n e

, V i c e P r e s i d e n t

, R S R

C o r p o r a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344-

0096

. 3 96 R o b e r t S t e i n w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 5 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t A

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 6 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t B

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 7 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t C10

D o c k e t I D C o m m e n t e r I D

C o d e C o m m e n t e r a nd A ff i l i a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 8 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t D

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 9 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t E

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 1 0 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t F

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 1 1 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t G

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096-

A 1 2 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) R o b e r t S t e i n

w u r t z e l a n d M a r k D e L a q u i l

, A t t o r n e y s

, B a k e r H o s t e t l e r o n b e h a l f o f t h e

A ss o c i a t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

A tt ac h m e n t H

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0097-

A 2 97 M y r a C

. R eece

, C h i e f

, B u r ea u o f A i r

Q u a l i t y

, S o u t h C a r o li n a D e p a r t m e n t o f

H e a l t h a n d E nv i r o n m e n t a l C o n t r o l

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0098 98 E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 1 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 2 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t11

D o c k e t I D C o m m e n t e r I D

C o d e C o m m e n t e r a nd A ff i l i a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 3 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 4 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 5 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 6 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 7 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 8 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 9 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t12

D o c k e t I D C o m m e n t e r I D

C o d e C o m m e n t e r a nd A ff i l i a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0099-

A 1 0 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0100-

A 1 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0100-

A 2 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0100-

A 3 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0100-

A 4 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0100-

A 5 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0100-

A 6 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t13

D o c k e t I D C o m m e n t e r I D

C o d e C o m m e n t e r a nd A ff i l i a t i o n

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0100-

A 7 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

R e s o u r ce s D e f

e n s e C o u n c i l

, a n d S i e rr a

C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

E P A

- HQ

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A 8 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

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e n s e C o u n c i l

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C l u b A tt ac h m e n t

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A 9 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

, o n b e h a l f o f C a li f o r n i a

C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

, N a t u r a l

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e n s e C o u n c i l

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A 1 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

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C o mm u n i t i e s A g a i n s t T o x i c s

, D e s e r t

C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

C o a l i t i o n f o r t h e E n v i r o n m e n t

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C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

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C o d e C o m m e n t e r a nd A ff i l i a t i o n

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A 5 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

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C i t i z e n s A g a i n s t P o ll u t i o n , M i s s o u r i

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A 6 N / A ( A tt ac h m e n t ) E a r t h j u s t i ce

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, A

t t o r n e y

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t t o r n e y

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B a t t e r y R e c y c l e r s3

3 .0 S U M M ARY O F P U B L I C C O M M E N T S

C o mm e n t s r ec e i v e d o n t h e p r o p o s e d a m e n d m e n t s t o t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng r u l e t h a t

w e r e n o t p r e s e n

t e d i n t h e p r e a m

b l e t o t h e f

i n a l r u l e a r e s u mm a r i ze d i n t h e f o l l o w i ng s e c t i o n s

a l o n g w i t h E P A ’ s r e s p o n s e s

. I n m a n y i n s t a n c e s

, c o mm e n t e r s p r o v i d e d a d d i

t i o n a l d o c u m e n

t s a s

b ac kg r o u n d i n f

o r m a t i o n o r o t h e r w i s e i n s upp o r t o f t h e i r c o mm e n

t s . T h o s e d o c u m e n

t s a r e

c o n t a i n e d i n t h e d o c k e t t o t h i s r u l e m a k i ng b u t a r e n o t s u mm a r i ze d h e r e

.

3 .1 E m i s s i o n s L i m i t s a nd G u i d e l i n e s

3

. 1 .1 S t a t u t o r

y B a s i s

C o m m e n t ( 58

, 7 4

, 7 5

, 11 1

, 11 2

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, 16 7 192 ) : C o mm e n t s r ec e i v e d f

r o m t h e S ec o n d a r y

L ea d S m e l

t i ng i n d u s t r y ( C o mm e n

t e r s 90

, 91

, 94

, 9 6 ) c h a ll e n g e d w h a t t h e y c h a r ac t e r i ze a s t h e

du a l r e g u l a t i o n u n d e r b o t h t h e N a t i o n a l A m b i e n t A i r Q u a l i

t y S t a n d a r d s ( NA A Q S ) a n d t h e

N E S H A P p r o g r a m s . T h e s e c o mm e n t e r s m a d e t h e f

o l l o w i n g c l a i m s :

• T h e p r o v i s i o n s o f C A A §§ 112 ( b )( 2 ) a n d 112 ( b )( 7 ) p r ec l ud e E P A f

r o m s e tt i n g

e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s o r w o r k p r a c t i c e s u n d e r C A A § 112 f o r l ea d a n d o t h e r c r i

t e r i a

p o ll u t a n t s

. E P A h a s l i s t e d b o t h l ea d a n d i t s c o m p o u n d s a s a c r i

t e r i a p o ll u t a n

t

u n d e r C A A § 108 ( a )

, f

o r w h i c h N A A Q S h a v e b e e n p r o m u l g a t e d a t a ll r e l e v a n

t

t im e s . E P A h a s a l r ea d y e m b a r k e d o n a p a

t h t o r e d u ce t h e h e a l

t h r i s k s o f

e x c ee d i ng t h e l ea d N A A Q S t h r o ug h C A A §109 r e g u l a t i o n a n d t h e s t a t u t e

p r e c l ud e s E P A f

r o m s ee k i ng t o r e du ce t h e s a m e r i s k v i a a C A A § 112 r o u t e

.

• F u r t h e r r i s k r e du c t i o n t h r o ug h r e v i s i o n o f t h e N E S H A P i s n o t r e qu i r e d t a k i n g i n

t o

acc o u n t t h e e mi s s i o n s c o n

t r o l s r e q u i

r e d t o ac h i e v e t h e NA A Q S

, t h e r e f o r e a

N E S H A P r e v i s i o n i s n o t r e qu i r e d t o p r o t e c t pub li c h e a l

t h o r p r e v e n

t

e nv i r o n m e n

t a l e ff ec t s

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u t h o r i ze d

.

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t o f t h e N E S H A P b e ca

u s e s t a t e s

m u s t a ss e m b l e S I P s w i

t h o u t b e i n g a b l e t o w a i

t f o r N E S H A P c o m

p l e t i o n

.

• T h e t w o s t a n d a r d s w o u l d b e e ff ec t i v e l y du

p l i c a t i v e

, a n d r e v i s i ng t h e N E S H A P t o

a dd r e ss r i s k i s n o t r e qu i

r e d i f E P A c o n s i d e r s e mi ss i o n s c o n t r o l s r e q u i

r e d t h r o ug h

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e NA A Q S . T h e NA A Q S a l r e a d y e n s u r e s t h a t r i s k s a r e

a dd r e ss e d w i

t h a n a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f s a f e t y

.4 • C o n g r e ss g a v e e l e m e n t a l l e a d s p e c i a l t r ea t m e n

t i n t h e C l e a n A i

r A c t

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s e p a r a t e a n d un i qu e p r o h i b i t i o n a g a i n s t E P A li s t i ng e l e m e n t a l l e a d a s a h aza r d o u s

a i r p o ll u t a n t u n d e r t h i s s u b s ec t i o n

. E P A i s e ff e c t i v e l y r e g u l a t i n g u n d e r 112 ( f )( 2 )

b a s e d o n t h e t o x i c i

t y o f e l e m e n

t a l l ea d

, a n d t h i s v i o l a t e s s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 7 ) o f t h e

A c t w h i c h p r o h i b i

t s li s t i ng o f e l e m e n

t a l l ea d a s a H A P . E P A i s n o t p e r m i tt e d t o

c o u n t l ea d a t o m s f

r o m l ea d c o m

p o u n d s a n d c r ea t e a N E S H A P t h a t g o v e r n s t o t a l

l ea d i n a l l c h e m i c a l f

o r m s

, b u t m a y e s t a

b l i s h s t a n d a r d s f

o r i n d i v i du a l a n d un i q u e

l ea d c o m p o u n d s w h e n a

pp r o p r i a t e b a s e d o n t o x i c i t y o r o t h e r f

ac t o r s

.

• T h e p r o p o s e d r u l e n e g a t e s t h e S I P p r o ce ss f o r l ea d NA A Q S a t t a i n m e n t

. T h e

p r o p o s e d M A C T r u l e ac ce l e r a t e s L ea d NA A Q S a t t a i n m e n t w i t h o u t a n y

e x p l a n a t i o n o f w h y acc e l e r a t i o n i s a pp r o p r i a t e

.

R e s p o n se : W i

t h r e s p ec t t o t h e c o mm e n t t h a t t h e E P A m a y n o t a dd r e ss l ea d c o m p o u n d s

i n s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) r u l e s

, t h e E P A n o t e s t h a t t h e E P A i ss u e d M A C T r u l e s r e g u l a t i n g l ea d

c o m p o u n d s i n 1997 a n d n o c o mm e n t e r o b j e c t e d t o t h e a

pp r o ac h

. E P A d i d n o t r e o p e n t h e i ss u e

i n t h i s r u l e

, o r o t h e r w i s e r ec o n s i d e r i t s l o n g

- e s t a

b li s h e d a pp r o ac h

. C o n s e qu e n

t l y , E P A b e l i e v e s

t h i s i s s u e t o h a v e b e e n r e s o l v e d l o n g s i n ce

.

I f a n y s u b s t a n

t i v e r e s p o n s e i s c o n s i d e r e d t o b e n e c e ss a r y

, , t h e l ea d e m i tt e d f r o m

s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng i s l ea d c o m

p o u n ds 1

, a HA P li s t e d b y C o n g r e s s i n s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 1 )

T h e c o mm e n

t e r d i d n o t p r o v i d e d a t a t o r e f u t e t h i s

. N o r h a s t h e E P A li s t e d e l e m e n t a l l ea d a s a

H A P e i t h e r e x p l i c i t l y o r e ff ec t i v e l y . T h e E P A d o e s n o t acce p t t h e c o mm e n t e r ’ s a r g u m e n

t t h a t t h e

E P A i s i m

p li c i t l y r e g u l a t i n g e l e m e n

t a l l ea d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f ) s t a n d a r d s b y e v a l u a t i n g r i s k

f r o m e x p o s u r e t o l ea d c o m

p o u n d s e m i

tt e d b y s e c o n d a r y l e a d f

a c il i t i e s . T h e E P A ’ s o b li g a t i o n

u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) i s t o e v a l

u a t e w h e t h e r u n a c c e p t a

b l e r i s k t o h

u m a n h e a l

t h o r t h e

e nv i r o n m e n

t f r o m a s o u r ce ca t e g o r y ’ s e mi ss i o n s r e m a i n s a f t e r t h e E P A h a s p r o m

u l g a t e d s ec t i o n

1 H a rr i s o n

, R

. M

. a

nd Wi l l i a m s

, C

. R

. (1 9 81)

. E n v i r o n m e n ta l S c i e n ce a

n d T ec h n o l o g y

, V o l

. 15 : 1 0

, p

. 1 1 97-12 0 4

. ;

O h m s e n

, G

. S

. ( 2001 )

. J ou r n a l of t h e A i r a nd W a s t e M a

n a g eme n t Ass o c iati o n

, V o l

. 5 1

, p

. 1443

- 145 1

. ; U z u

, G

. , S o b a n s k a

, S

. , S a

r r e t

, G

. , S a u v a i n

, J

. J

. , P r a d è

r e

, P

. , a nd D u m a t

, C

. (2 0 11)

. J o urn a l of H aza rd o u s M at e r i al s

, V o l

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,

p

. 1018-1 0 27

. ; S p ea

r

, T

. M

., S v ee

, W

., V i n ce n t

, J

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. , a n d S ta n i s i c h

, N

. (19 9 8)

. E n v i r o

n m e n t a l H e al t h P e r s p ec ti v e s

, V o l

. 10 6 : 9

, p

. 5 65-57 1

. ; C za p li c k a

, M

. , a n d B u z e k

, Ł

. ( 2011 )

. Wa

t e r

, A i r

, & S o i l P o ll u t i o n

, V o l

. 21 8

, p

. 15 7 -16 3

. ;

S o b a n s k a

, S

. , R

i c q

, N

. , L a bo ud i gu e

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r d

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n d W i l l i am s

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1244

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112 ( d ) M A C T s t a n d a r d s f o r t h e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y a n d t o a m e n d t h o s e s t a n d a r d s i f u n a c ce p t a b l e

r i s k r e m a i n s . T h e s t a n d a r d s t h u s b u il d o f

f o f t h e s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) s t a n d a r d s

, a n d a s j u s t n o t e d

, i t

h a s l o n g b e e n r e s o l v e d t h a t t h o s e s t a n d a r d s a p p l y t o l ea d c o m

p o u n d s a n d n o t t o e l e m e n t a l l ea d

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r a l s o i n v o k e s s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 6 ) w h i c h s t a t e s t h a t “ [ i ] n e s t a b l i s h i ng s t a n d a r d s f

o r

t h e c o n t r o l o f u n i qu e c h e m i c a l s u b s t a n c e s u n d e r t h i s s u b s ec t i o n w i t h o u t C A S n

u m b e r s [ o f w h i c h

“ l ea d c o m

p o u n d s ” a r e a n e x a m

p l e ]

, t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r s h a l l e s t a b l i s h s u c h s t a n d a r d s w i

t h r e s p ec t

t o t h e h e a l

t h a n d e nv i r o n m e n

t a l e ff ec t s o f t h e s ub s t a n c e s ac t u a l l y e m i tt e d b y s o u r ce s a n d d i

r ec t

t r a n s f o r m a t i o n b y

p r o du c t s o f s u c h e m i ss i o n s

... ” . T h e E P A h a s d o n e s o h e r e

, e v a l u a t i n g r i s k s

w i t h r e s p ec t t o a c t u a l e m i ss i o n s o f l ea d c o m p o u n d s f r o m s ec o n d a r y l ea d s o u r ce s

. S ee 7 6 F R a t

29035

.

I n a d d i

t i o n

, t h e r u l e r e g u l a t e s o t h e r H A P m e t a l s f o r w h i c h l ea d s e r v e s a s a s u rr o g a t e

. S ee

N a t i o n a l L i m e A s s ’ n v . E PA

, 233 F

. 3 d 625

, 637

- 39 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 2000 ) ( p e r mi s s i b l e f

o r E P A t o

u s e a c r i t e r i a p o ll u t a n

t a s a s u r r o g a

t e f o r H A P )

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r d o e s n o t qu e s t i o n t h e u s e o f l e a d

a s a s u rr o g a

t e f o r o t h e r m e t a l H A P

, a n d d i d n o t q u e s t i o n u s e o f t h a t a p p r o ac h i n t h e 1997

N E S H A P

. C o n s e qu e n

t l y

, t h e s t a n d a r d s f

o r l ea d a l s o r e s t o n t h i s i n d e p e n d e n t j u s t i f i ca t i o n

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s r a i s e a n

u m b e r o f i s s u e s r e g a r d i ng t h e r e l a t i o n o f t h i s r u l e t o t h e l e a d

NA A Q S

. F i

r s t

, t h e f ac t t h a t c o n

t r o l o f e mi ss i o n s f

r o m s ec o n d a r y l ea d s o u r ce s h a s p o s i t i v e

i m p l i ca t i o n s f

o r a t t a i n i ng t h e l ea d NAAQ S d o e s n o t m ea n t h a t E P A i s im p e r m i ss i b l y c o n

t r o lli ng

e mi ss i o n s o f a c r i

t e r i a p o ll u t a n

t

. A s j u s t s t a

t e d

, s ec t i o n 112 ( b ) m a k e s c l ea r t h a t r e gu l a t i n g l ea d

c o m p o u n d s u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 s t a n d a r d s i s n o t o n l y p e r mi ss i b l e b u t m a n d a t e d

. T h e f ac t t h a t s u c h

c o n t r o l s a i d i n a t t a i n i n g a N A A Q S i s a c o ll a t e r a l b e n e f i t o f t h e r u l e

, n o t a p r o h i b i t i o n o n a d o p t i n g

i t

. ( S im i l a r l y

, t h i s r u l e m a y a i d i n a t t a i n i n g t h e P M NA A Q S b u t t h i s d o e s n ’ t m e a n t h a t t h e r u l e

i m p e r mi ss i b l y r e g u l a t e s e mi ss i o n s o f P M

. ) N o r d o e s t h e r u l e n e g a t e t h e s ec t i o n 110 S I P p r o ce ss

w h e r e b y s t a t e s d e v e l o p im p l e m e n t a t i o n p l a n s f

o r a t t a i n i ng a n d m a i n

t a i n i ng t h e NA A Q S . T h a t

p r o ce ss w i l l n ec e ss a r il y g o f o r w a r d a n d s t a t e s m a y l oo k t o t h e e mi ss i o n r e du c t i o n s f r o m t h i s r u l e

a s p a r t o f t h e S I P p r o ce ss ( j u s t a s e mi ss i o n r e du c t i o n s f r o m E P A m o b i l e s o u r ce c o n

t r o l s o r

c o n t r o l s o n s t a

t i o n a r y s o u r ce s ca n b e i n v o k e d i n S I P s f o r P M a n d o z o n e )

. I n t h i s r e g a r d

, E P A ’ s

d i s c u s s i o n i n t h e p r e a m

b l e o f t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f t h i s r u l e t o im p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e l ea d NAAQ S

( 76 F R a t 29603 )

, w h i c h a c o mm e n t e r mi s t a k e n l y t a k e s a s s h o w i n g t h a t t h i s r u l e w a s a d o p t e d t o

a ss u r e a t t a i n m e n

t o f t h e l ea d N A A Q S

, w a s i n t e n d e d o n l y a s a ‘ go o d g o v e r n m e n t ’ t y p e o f

d i s c u s s i o n t o s h o w t h a t t h e t i m i ng o f t h i s r u l e c o u l d f i t i n w i t h t h e NA A Q S im

p l e m e n t a t i o n

p r o ce ss

. W e r e p ea t t h a t t h i s r u l e r e s t s o n t h e e x c l u s i v e a u t h o r i t y o f s ec t i o n s 112 ( d ) a n d ( f )

, a n d6

n o t o n s ec t i o n s 107

, 110 o r a n y o t h e r p r o v i s i o n a p p li c a b l e t o N A

AQ S im p l e m e n t a t i o n

. P u

t

a n o t h e r w a y

, s ec t i o n 112 o f t h e C A A e x p l i c i t l y r e qu i r e s t h e E P A t o p e r f

o r m t h e r e v i e w s t h a t

f o r m t h e b a s i s o f t h e s e r u l e a m e n d m e n t s a n d t o a c t i n acc o r d w i

t h t h e r e s u l

t s o f t h o s e r e v i e w s

.

T h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e f i n a l r u l e a r e n e ce s s a r y t o ac h i e v e acce p t a b l e r i s k w i

t h a n a m p l e m a r g i n

o f s a f e t y a n d t o p r e v e n

t a d v e r s e e nv i

r o n m e n t a l e f f ec t s ( a n d a r e a l s o “ n e ce s s a r y ” w i t h i n t h e

m e a n i ng o f s e c t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) o f t h e A c t ) . T h e m e a s u r e s t h a t f a c il i t i e s a r e r e q u i

r e d t o im p l e m e n t

t o ac h i e v e t h o s e r e qu i

r e m e n t s s h ou l d a l s o h a v e p o s i

t i v e e ff ec t s o n a r ea s a t t a i n i ng a n d

m a i n t a i n i ng t h e l ea d N A A Q S

, b u t t h e s t a n d a r d s a r e r e qu i r e d a n d j u s t i f

i e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)

a n d ( d )( 6 ) w h e t h e r o r n o t t h a t w e r e t h e ca s e

. I r o n i ca l l y

, t h e E P A c ou l d w e ll i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e

S I P p r o ce ss i f i

t acce p t e d t h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s ( i n c o rr e c t ) a r gu m e n

t t h a t E P A m

u s t t a k e i n

t o ac c o u n t

“ N AAQ S

- m a n d a t e d e mi ss i o n s r e du c t i o n s ” ( S ee E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0096

, p

. 3 1 )

. T h e

l ea d N A A Q S i

t s e l f d o e s n o t m a n d a t e a n y t h i ng

. I t i s a n a i

r qu a l i t y s t a n d a r d o n l y

. S t a

t e s

d e t e r mi n e h o w t o im

p l e m e n t i t

. T h e s ugg e s t i o n t h a t E P A a tt r i b u t e e mi s s i o n r e du c t i o n s t o t h e

S I P p r o ce ss w h i c h l i e s w i t h i n s t a t e s ’ a

u t h o r i t y

, a n d w h i c h h a s n o t y e t o cc u rr e d

, t h e r e f o r e w o u l d

b e u n w a rr a n t e d s p ec u l a t i o n a t b e s t a n d im p e r m i ss i b l e i n

t e r f e r e n ce a t w o r s t

.

I n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e

, t h e l ea d N A A Q S

, a h e a l t h b a s e d s t a n d a r d

, w a s u s e d b y E P A t o

d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e r e w a s u n a c ce p t a b l e r i s k f r o m l ea d c o m

p o u n d s e m i

tt e d b y

s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng s o u r ce s

. I t i s p e r mi ss i b l e f o r E P A t o l o o k t o t h e l ea d N A A Q S a s a

m e a s u r e o f acce p t a

b l e r i s k ( s ee r e s p o n s e s a t p a g e 66 o f t h i s d o c u m e n t a n d s ec t i o n V

. A o f t h e

f i n a l r u l e p r e a m

b l e )

, a n d d o i n g s o d o e s n o t m e a n t h a t E P A i s u s i ng t h i s r u l e t o i m p l e m e n t t h e

l ea d N A A Q S

. R a t h e r

, E P A m u s t

, a n d h a s

, i n d e p e n d e n

t l y j u s t i f i e d t h e u s e o f t h e l ea d p r im a r y

NA A Q S a s a r ea s o n a b l e m ea s u r e f o r a s ce r t a i n i ng acce p t a

b i l i t y o r u n acce p t a

b il i t y o f e mi ss i o n s o f

l ea d f r o m t h i s s o u r ce c a

t e go r y

, w i

t h i n t h e m e a n i n g o f s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 ) o f t h e A c t

. G i v e n t h a t

m o d e l e d a m

b i e n t l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s r e s u l

t i ng f r o m e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e f a c il i t i e s i n t h e s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y w e r e g r ea t e r t h a n t h e l ea d N A A Q S

, i t w a s c o n c l

ud e d t h a t r i s k w a s u n a c ce p t a b l e

, a n d

t h a t i t w o u l d c o n

t i n u e t o b e u n ac c e p t a

b l e u n t i l t h e NA A Q S w a s m e t

. S ee 7 6 F R a t 29054

. O n ce

w e d e t e r mi n e d a l e v e l o f e m i ss i o n s t h a t r e s u l t i n r i s k s b e i n g a c ce p t a

b l e

, u n d e r t h e t w o

- s t e p

r e s i du a l r i s k d e c i s i o n p r o ce ss

, t h e E P A t h e n c o n s i d e r e d a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s t h a t mi g h

t f u r t h e r

r e du ce r i s k t o ac h i e v e a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y c o n s i d e r i n g c o s t a n d f e a s i b i l i t y

, a n d d e t e r mi n e d

t h a t t h e r e w e r e n o n e

. W e r e p ea t t h a t t h i s p r o ce ss im p l e m e n t s s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) o f t h e A c t

, a n d i s

n o t p a r t o f NA A Q S im

p l e m e n t a t i o n

.7

C o m m e n t ( 114 ): C o mm e n t e r 91 s t a t e d t h a t t h e u s e o f l ea d c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n a i

r d o e s n o t

f i t w i t h i n t h e m e a n i ng o f “ e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d ” a s u s e d i n C A A 112 ( d )

, ( f )

, o r ( h )

. T h e NA A Q S

a dd r e ss e s a m

b i e n t a i r qu a l i t y

, n o t s o u r ce e mi ss i o n s, a n d a s s u c h

, d o e s n o t l im i t t h e qu a n t i t y r a t e

o r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f e m i ss i o n s f

r o m a p a r t i c u l a r s o u

r ce

. A m b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g m ea s u r e s s o m e t h i n g

o t h e r t h a n e m i ss i o n s a t a n d f r o m a s o u r ce

, a n d ca n n o t b e e qu a t e d w i t h o r u s e d t o d e t e r mi n e

c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h a n e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d

.

R e s p o n se : T h e c o mm e n t e r s mi s t a k e t h e pu r

p o s e o f t h e f

e n c e l i n e m o n i

t o r i n g c o m

p l i a n ce

a l t e r n a t i v e i n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e . T h e p r o p o s e d r u l e p r o v i d e d t h a t f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s w o u l d n ee d

t o b e a dd r e ss e d b y w o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d s ( a s i s a l l o w e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( h )( 1 ))

. F i n a ll y

, i t

p r o p o s e d t o e s t a

b li s h t h e o p t i o n f

o r a f e n c e l i n e m o n i

t o r i n g r e q u i

r e m e n t t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e w o r k

p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d s a d e q u a t e l y a dd r e s s f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h t h e r e q u i

r e m e n t s o f

s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) a s a n a l t e r n a t i v e t o t o t a l l y e n c l o s i n g f u g i t i v e g e n e r a t i n g p r o ce ss e s

. H o w e v e r

, t h e

E P A i s n o t a d o p t i n g t h i s p r o p o s e d c o m p l i a n c e o p t i o n s o t h e c o mm e n t i s e s s e n t i a l l y m oo t

.

C o m m e n t ( 61

, 62

, 63

, 64

, 194 ): C o mm e n t e r 90 c h a ll e n g e d t h e d e c i s i o n t o e s t a b li s h

M A C T f l oo r s f o r r e v e r b e r a t o r y

, r o t a

r y a n d e l ec t r i c f

u r n ac e s n o t c o l l o ca t e d w i t h b l a s t f u r n a ce s

. I n

t h e f i n a l r u l e p u b l i s h e d o n J

u n e 13

, 1997

, E P A d e t e r mi n e d t h a t n o T H C li m i t s ( a n d t h u s n o o t h e r

o r g a n i c H A P l i m i

t s ) w o u l d a

p p l y t o t h e s e s f

u r n ac e t y p e s . T h u s , E P A e ff

ec t i v e l y e s t a

b l i s h e d t h e

M A C T f l oo r f o r t h e s e s o u r ce s

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r

, “ E P A h a s a l r ea d y e s t a b l i s h e d t h e

M A C T f l oo r f o r D / F a n d

T H C a s a dd r e ss e d i n C A A §§112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( 3 ) a s i t a p p li e s f o r

r e v e r b e r a t o r y

, r o t a r y a n d e l ec t r i c a r c f u r n a ce s

, a n d n o a d d i

t i o n a l “ s e tt i

n g o f t h e f

l oo r ” i s p o s s i b l e

u n d e r t h e s e s ec t i o n s a t t h i s t im e

. C o mm e n t e r 96 f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t M A C T s t a n d a r d s pu r s u a n t t o

s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 3 ) “ h a v e n e v e r b e e n i n t e n d e d a s h a v i ng t h e “ i n e x o r a b l e d o w n w a r d r a t c h e t i n g

e ff ec t

. ””

C o mm e n t e r 90 a l s o s t a

t e d t h a t E P A c i

t e d a n im p r op e r l e g a l b a s i s f

o r s e t t i n g n e w

e mi ss i o n l im i

t s f o r T H C a n d D i o x i n s a n d F u r a n s . T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t “ E P A m a y r e v i s e a

p r i o r d e t e r mi n a t i o n o n l y a s n ece s s a r y a cc o r d i n g t o e x p l i c i t s t a t u t o r y c r i t e r i a

... T h e C A A i s n o t

i n t e n d e d t o a l l o w t h e A g e n c y t o r e v i s i t p r e v i o u s l y

- e s t a

b li s h e d M A C T s t a n d a r d s i n e f

f o r t t o f i ll i n

t h e g a p s

. ” E P A s t a

t e d i n t h e p r e a m

b l e t o t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e t h a t “ b e c a u s e t h e 1997 N E S H A P d i d

n o t i n c l u d e e mi ss i o n s l i m i t s

, w e a r e p r o p o s i n g e m i s s i o n s s t a n d a r d s f o r d i o x i n s a n d f

u r a n s8

pu r s u a n t t o C A A s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 3 )

. ” A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r

, “ T h i s e x

p l a n a t i o n m a k e s i

t

c l ea r t h a t E P A i s i n v ok i ng 112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( 3 ) d i r ec tl y a s a

u t h o r i t y t o a m e n d S ub p a r t X a s i f a

M A C T s t a n d a r d f

o r t h e s e s o u r ce s d o e s n o t a l r ea d y e x i s t

... E P A l ac k s a u t h o r i t y f o r s e t t i n g a n y

n e w s t a n d a r d s u n d e r C A A §§112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( d )( 3 )

. ”

T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t “ T h e R T R P r o p o s e d R u l e d o e s n o t a

t t e m p t t o p r e d i ca t e

i t s d e c i s i o n t o s e t c o n

t r o l s f o r T H C a n d D / F ( f

o r s ou r ce s o t h e r t h a n b l a s t f u r n a c e s )

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m a d e t h e d e t e r mi n a t i o n n o t o n l y t o r e l y o n S i e rr a C l ub i n s upp o r

t o f t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e , E P A m a y

n o t c h a n g e c o u r s e w i

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s t a n d a r d s a r e w r o n g a n d w h y t h e n e w s t a n d a r d s m ee t t h e r e qu i r e d c r i t e r i a t h a t E P A m

u s t s a t i s f y

i n i s s u i ng M A C T s t a n d a r d s u n d e r C A A 112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( 3 )

. E P A h a s n o t m a d e e i t h e r s h o w i n g i n

t h e R T R P r o p o s e d r u l e

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t e d N a ti ona l L i m e v

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, 23 3 F

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, i n s upp o r t o f i

t s d e c i s i o n t o s e t e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s f o r T H C a n d d i o x i n s

a n d f u r a n s f r o m s u b c a t e go r i e s o t h e r t h a n b l a s t f u r n ace s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r p o i n t s o u t

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a C l ub , E P A h a s n o t i n

t e r p r e t e d N a ti ona l L i me a s r e qu i

r i ng t h e A g e n c y

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a dd r e ss E P A ’ s a

u t h o r i t y t o s e t s t a n d a r d s pu r s u a n t t o s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) a n d 112 ( f )

. I n s t ea d

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M A C T

r u l e m a k i ng pu r s u a n

t t o d ea d li n e s s e t f

o r t h i n s ec t i o n 112 ( e )

.

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r a i s e d w i t h i n 60 d a y s o f t h e i r p r o m u l g a t i o n a n d t h a t f

a c i l i t i e s r e g u l a t e d b y S u b p a r t X h a v e

a l r ea d y m a d e ca

p i t a l i nv e s t m e n

t s t o m ee t t h e e x i s t i n g M A C T s t a n d a r d s . E P A s h ou l d j u s t i f y w h y

t h e d e c i s i o n s r e f

l ec t e d i n t h e c u rr e n

t s t a n d a r d s a r e w r o n g a n d w h y t h e n e w s t a n d a r d s m ee t t h e

c r i t e r i a u n d e r C A A §§ 112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( 3 )

.

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e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s p r o m

u l g a t e d u n d e r t h i s s e c t i o n ” 42 U

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. E P A h a s n o t

p r o m u l g a t e d e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s f o r d i o x i n s a n d f

u r a n s o r T H C ( f

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.

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T h e R T R P r o p o s e d R

u l e ’ s b a s i s f

o r r e v i s i n g t h e l ea d e m i ss i o n M A C T f l oo r s

pu r s u a n t t o C AA § 112 ( d )( 6 ) i s t h a t t h e A g e n c y " b e li e v e [ s ] t h a t t h e s e p r o p o s e d

r e v i s i o n s

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t i c a l t o t h o s e p r o p o s e d u n d e r C A A s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 )

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l ec t t h e l e v e l o f c o n

t r o l a c h i e v a b l e i n p r ac t i ce b y a w e l lp e r f o r mi ng f a b r i c f i l t e r

. " 76 F e d

. R e g

. a t 29

, 05 9

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t y o f a p a r t i c u l a r c o n

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t i n l i g h t o f o t h e r l e g a l

r e q u i r e m e n t s t h a t t h e C A A a

p p l i e s t o t h e s ec o n d a r y l e a d s m e l t i n g i ndu s t r y

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, 6 4 5 F

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, 42 5

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t h e D

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,

i n c l u d i ng a m e n d m e n

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u l g a t e d f l oo r d e t e r mi n a t i o n s

, u s i ng i t s a u t h o r i t y u n d e r

s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) ( 2 ) a n d ( 3 )

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d i ff e r e n c e . T h e a

b s e n ce o f s t a n d a r d s f

o r t h e s e H A P i s n o t p r o p e r

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, 233 F

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633

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v a c a t e d )

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r s a r e t h u s i n c o rr ec t t h a t s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) p r o v i d e s t h e e x c l u s i v e

a u t h o r i t y t o a dd r e ss T H C

, d i o x i n a n d m e r c u r y e mi s s i o n s h e r e

. P u t a n o t h e r w a y

, i f

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a d o p t a p r o p e r M A C T s t a n d a r d i n i t i a ll y

, i t i s n o t a m e n d i ng a

M A C T s t a n d a r d b u t a d o p t i n g o n e

f o r t h e f i r s t t im e . T h a t i s t h e ca s e h e r e f o r T H C ( f r o m s o m e f

u r n ace t y p e s )

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pp r o ac h s o u n d l y

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, 233 F

. 3d a t 633

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t l y , E P A i s n o t

b a rr e d f r o m m a k i ng M A C T f

l oo r d e t e r mi n a t i o n s a n d i ss u i ng M A C T s t a n d a r d s pu r s u a n t t o

s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( 3 ) h e r e

.

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, 193 ) : C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 c l a i m t h a t t h e E P A ' s p r o p o s e d r e gu l a t i o n o f

l ea d c o m p o u n d s u n d e r t h e N E S H A P p r o g r a m c o n f l i c t s w i t h i t s r e g u l a t i o n o f l e a d u n d e r t h e PS D10

p r o g r a m . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s p o i n t o u t t h a t t h a t s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 6 ) o f t h e C A A p r e s c r i b e s t h e

r e g u l a t i o n o f p o ll u t a n

t s li s t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112

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p o u n d s

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t a l l ea d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s a ll e g e t h a t t h e E P A h a s p r e v i o u s l y s ugg e s t e d i n a PS D r u l e m a k i ng t h a t

i t c o u n t s t h e l ea d p o r

t i o n o f l ea d c o m

p o u n d s t o w a r d s PS D s i gn i f i c a n c e l e v e l s f

o r l ea d

. S ee 67

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, 239 ( D ec

. 31

, 2002 )

. T h u s

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t e r s a ll e g e t h a t

, b eca

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ca n d i s a gg r e g a t e t h e " e l e m e n t a l l ea d " p o r

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i s r e q u i r e d f o r t h e E P A t o a v o i d r e g u l a t i n g e l e m e n t a l l ea d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f ) a n d ( d )( 6 )

s t a n d a r d s . T h

u s

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p t i o n s o f

s ec t i o n s 112 ( b )( 7 )

, a n d t h e r e gu l a t i o n o f l ea d c o m p o u n d s o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e i r l ea d t o x i c i

t y

pu r s u a n t t o s ec t i o n s 112

.

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n t h e a l t e r n a t i v e

, i f t h e E P A c o n c l ud e s t h a t i

t m a y

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p o u n d s o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e i r l ea d t o x i c i t y pu r s u a n

t t o s ec t i o n 112

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t h e E P A ca n n o t c o n s i d e r t h e l ea d a s p ec t o f l ea d c o m p o u n d s f o r pu r p o s e s o f r e g u l a t i n g

e l e m e n t a l l ea d u n d e r PS D

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s a r gu e t h a t

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p r o g r a m a n d PS D

, w h i c h t h e c o mm e n t e r s c l a im i s un l a w f

u l

.

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t e r s a r e c o r

r e c t i n s t a t i n g t h a t s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 7 ) f o rb i d s t h e E P A

f r o m li s t i ng e l e m e n

t a l l ea d a s a h aza r d o u s a i

r p o ll u t a n t a n d t h a t b y e x t e n s i o n t h i s p r e c l ud e s t h e

E P A f r o m r e g u l a t i n g e l e m e n

t a l l ea d a s a H A P u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) a n d ( f ) s t a n d a r d s . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s a r e f u r t h e r c o r r ec t i n s t a t i n g t h a t s e c t i o n 112 ( b )( 6 ) p r o h i b i t s t h e a g e n c y f

r o m

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r o m11

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p o u n d s u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) a n d ( f )

, a n d d i s a g r ee s t h a t a n y ac t i o n s t a k e n

u n d e r t h e PS D p r o g r a m a r e i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h r e g u l a t i o n o f l ea d c o m p o u n d s i n t h i s r u l e

.

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, t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t a n y r e s p o n s e i s d e e m e d n ec e ss a r y

, t h e E P A d i s a g r ee s t h a t a n y

ac t i o n s t a k e n u n d e r t h e PS D r u l e s w i t h r e s p ec t t o e l e m e n

t a l l ea d a n d l ea d c o m

p o u n d s i s

i n c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h s e c t i o n 112 ( b )( 6 )

.

F i r s t

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i r s t r e s p o n s e i n t h i s s ec t i o n 3

. 1

. 1

, t h i s r u l e ( li k e t h e 1997

N E S H A P ) r e gu l a t e s l ea d c o m p o u n d s n o t e l e m e n

t a l l e a d

. L ea d c o m

p o u n d s a r e li s t e d H A P w h i c h

t h e E P A m

u s t r e gu l a t e u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( s ee s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 1 ) i t e m 106423 )

, a n d o b

j ec t i o n s t o

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t i a l N E S H A P f

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t h ac t i o n s u n d e r t h e PS D p r o g r a m a r e mi s p l a ce d

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t u t o r y r a t e t h

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t e r c l a im s t h a t t h e E P A d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e w e i g h t o f

e l e m e n t a l l ea d c ou l d b e d i s a gg r e g a t e d f r o m l ea d c o m

p o u n d s

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.

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b l e

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c o mm u n i ca t e t h a t i

t c o u n t s t h e l ea d c o m

p o n e n t o f l ea d c o m

p o u n d s i n d e t e r mi n i ng t h e m a s s o f

l ea d e m i tt e d f r o m a s o u r ce

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, i n r e l y i n g o n t h i s E P A s t a t e m e n t h e r e

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t h i ss u e s o f t o x i c i

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p o u n d s

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t i r e l y r e a s o n a b l e f

o r t h e E P A t o c o n s i d e r t h e

t o x i c i t y o f l e a d c o m

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.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s s ugg e s t i o n t h a t t h e E P A a m e n d i t s P S D r u l e s i s w e l l b e y o n d t h e s c o p e

o f t h i s p r o cee d i n g

, a n d i s mi s p l ace d i n a n y c a s e g i v e n t h e a p p l e s

- t o

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c o m p a r i s o n . T h e E P A i s n o t r ec o n s i d e r i ng

, r ee x a m i n i ng

, r ea ss e ss i ng

, o r o t h e r w i s e r e o p e n i ng i t s

PS D r u l e s i n a n y w a y . T o t h e e x t e n t t h a t a n y r e s p o n s e t o t h e c o mm e n t s r e l a t i n g t o PS D i s

c o n s i d e r e d t o b e n e c e s s a r y

, t h e E P A d i s a g r e e s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r ' s a ss e r t i o n t h a t s e c t i o n s

112 ( b )( 6 ) a n d ( 7 ) p r ec l

u d e t h e E P A f

r o m b o t h r e g u l a t i n g l e a d c o m p o u n d s o n acc o u n

t o f t h e i r

e l e m e n t a l l ea d t o x i c i

t y a n d c o n s i d e r i ng t h e l ea d c o m p o n e n t o f l ea d c o m

p o u n d s w h e n c a l c u l a t i n g

l e v e l s o f l e a d e mi ss i o n s f o r pu r p o s e s o f PS D

. A l

t h o ug h s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 6 ) p r e v e n t s t h e a g e n c y

f r o m s u b j ec t i n g h aza r d o u s a i

r p o ll u t a n t s t h a t a r e li s t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 1 ) a n d ( 2 ) o f t h e A c t

t o PS D r e gu l a t i o n

, t h e E P A h a s i n t e r p r e t e d s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 6 ) t o p e r m i t t h e r e gu l a t i o n o f a H A P

l i s t e d i n s ec t i o n 112 t o t h e e x t e n t i t i s a c o n s t i

t u e n t o r p r ec u r s o r o f a m o r e g e n e r a l p o ll u t a n t t h a t

i s s u b j e c t t o PS D r e gu l a t i o n . T h i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n w a s o u

t li n e d i n t h e 1991 N e w S o u r ce R e v i e w

( N S R ) T r a n s i

t i o n a l G u i d a n c e

, J o hn S

. S e i t z ( M a r c h 11

, 1991 )

, w h i c h w a s i s s u e d t o a dd r e ss

c h a n g e s m a d e t o t h e n e w s o u r ce r e v i e w p r o g r a m i n t h e C l ea n A i r A c t A m e n d m e n t s o f 1990

. I n

t h a t m e m o

, t h e E P A e x

p l a i n e d t h a t “ [ a ] n y h aza r d o u s a i r p o ll u t a n t s li s t e d i n s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 1 )

w h i c h a r e r e g u l a t e d a s c o n s t i t u e n t s o f a m o r e g e n e r a l p o ll u t a n t li s t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 108 o f t h e

A c t a r e s t ill s u b

j ec t t o PS D a s p a r

t o f t h e m o r e g e n e r a l p o ll u t a n t

. ” I d

. a t 2

. T h e E P A f

u r t h e r

e x p l a i n e d t h a t l e a d c o m

p o u n d s a r e s ub

j ec t t o t h e e x ce p t i o n d e s c r i b e d “ [ l ] ea d c o m p o u n d s a r e

e x e m p t f r o m F e d e r a l PS D b y T i

t l e III

, b u t t h e e l e m e n

t a l l ea d p o r

t i o n o f l e a d c o m

p o u n d s ( a s

t e s t e d f o r i n 40 C F R P a r t 6 0

, A

pp e n d i x A

, M e t h o d 12 ) i s s t ill c o n s i d e r e d a c r i t e r i a p o ll u t a n

t

s ub j e c t t o t h e l ea d N A A Q S a n d s t i l l r e g u l a t e d u n d e r PS D

. ” I d

. a t 3

.

T h e E P A r e li e d o n t h e r ea s o n i n g c o n t a i n e d i n t h e 1991 gu i d a n ce m e m o w h e n i t p r o p o s e d

t o r e t a i n i t s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f s ec t i o n 112 t h a t p e r m i t s t h e l e a d c o m p o n e n t o f l ea d c o m

p o u n d s t o

b e s u b j ec t t o PS D r e gu l a t i o n a s a p a r t o f t h e r e gu l a t i o n o f l e a d g e n e r a l l y

. P r e v e n t i o n o f

S i g n i f i c a n t D e t e r i o r a t i o n ( PS D ) a n d N o n a t t a i n m e n t N e w S o u r ce R e v i e w ( N S R )

, 61 F e d

. R e g

.

38250

, 3831 0 ( J

u l y 23

, 1996 )

. I n t h e PS D r u l e t o w h i c h t h e c o mm e n t e r c i t e s

, t h e E P A f

i n a l i z e d13

t h i s p o s i t i o n : " W h e n a n y p o l l

u t a n t li s t e d u n d e r s e c t i o n 112 o f t h e A c t i s a l s o a c o n s t i t u e n t o r

p r ec u r s o r o f a m o r e g e n e r a l p o ll u t a n t t h a t i s r e g u l a t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 108 o f t h e A c t

, t h a t li s t e d

p o ll u t a n t m a y b e r e g u l a t e d u n d e r N S R b u t o n l y a s p a r t o f r e g u l a t i o n o f t h e g e n e r a l p o ll u t a n t

. "

P r e v e n t i o n o f S i g n i f

i ca n t D e t e r i o r a t i o n ( PS D ) a n d N o n a t t a i n m e n t N e w S o u r ce R e v i e w ( N S R ) :

B a s e l i n e E mi ss i o n s D e t e r mi n a t i o n

, A c t u a l

- t o

- F u t u r e

- A c t u a l M e t h o d o l og y

, P l a n t w i d e

A p p l i c a b il i t y L im i t a t i o n s

, C l e a n U n i

t s

, P o ll u t i o n C o n

t r o l P r o j e c t s

, 6 7 F e d

. R e g

. a

t 8 0

, 240 ( D ec

.

31

, 2002 )

. T h e E P A r e i

t e r a t e d i n t h a t f

i n a l r u l e t h a t i

t w o u l d c o n

t i n u e t o c o n s i d e r t h e l ea d

c o m p o n e n t o f l ea d c o m

p o u n d s t o b e a c o n s t i

t u e n t o r p r ec u r s o r o f l ea d i n t h e a t m o s p h e r e

, a s

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e 1991 g u i d a n ce m e m o . T h u s

, t h e E P A h a s c o n s i s t e n t l y d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e r e

i s n o c o n f l i c t b e t w ee n r e g u l a t i n g l ea d c o m p o u n d s u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 a n d c o n s i d e r i ng t h e l ea d

c o m p o n e n t o f l ea d c o m

p o u n d s f o r pu r p o s e s o f P S D w i

t h r e s p ec t t o t h e l ea d N A A Q S

, s o l o n g a s

t h e l ea d c o m

p o u n d s t h e m s e l v e s a r e n o t s ub j e c t t o PS D r e gu l a t i o n.

3

. 1 .2 F u g i t i v e E m i ss i o n s L i m i t s

a. G e n e r

al

C o m m e n t ( 241

, 242

, 243 ): C o mm e n t e r 98 s t a t e d t h a t E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d f o r

f u g i t i v e l ea d e m i ss i o n s d o e s n o t m ee t t h e r e qu i r e m e n t s o f s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e

c o mm e n t e r

, “ E P A m

u s t s e t a s t r o n g e r s t a n d a r d f o r f u g i t i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s o f l ea d

, w h i c h m a k e

up a s i g n i f i c a n t a m o u n t o f t h e l ea d e m i ss i o n s f

o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

” . T h e c o mm e n

t e r

c o n t e n d s t h a t n e i

t h e r p r o p o s e d a l

t e r n a t i v e c o m

p l i e s w i t h s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. T h e a l t e r n a t i v e o f

t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s “ i m

p o s e s a n u m e r i c a l lim i

t o n l y o n t h e e mi ss i o n s v e n t e d t o a s t ac k f

r o m t h e t o t a l

e n c l o s u r e a n d n o t f

o r t h e o t h e r w o r k p r a c t i c e s . T h i s w il l n o t e n s u r e t h e n e c e s s a r y r e du c t i o n o f

f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s a t t h e s e f

ac i l i t i e s

... E P A m

u s t s e t a n u m e r i c a l l im i

t t h a t a pp li e s t o e mi s s i o n s

r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e w o r k p r a c t i ce s t a n d a r d s i n a d d i t i o n t o s e t t i n g a n

u m e r i c a l l i m i

t f o r e mi s s i o n s

f r o m t o t a l e n c l o s u r e ( v e n

t e d t o a s t ac k )

. T h e f

u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s s t a n d a r d f

o r t h e a d d i

t i o n a l w o r k

p r ac t i ce s h ou l d b e b a s e d o n m o d e li ng o f a m b i e n t l e v e l s ac h i e v e d a s a r e s u l t o f o p t im a l14

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h o s e w o r k p r ac t i ce s . T h i s s t a nd a r d m a y n o t s im p l y r e p li c a t e t h e l im i

t o f t h e

l ea d N A A Q S

. ”

F o r t h e a l t e r n a t i v e o f m o n i

t o r i n g l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s i n a i

r p l u s w o r k p r ac t i ce s

, t h e

c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t “ S im

p l y r e p l i ca t i n g t h e l ea d NA A Q S t h r o ug h m o n i

t o r i n g... i s n o t a v a li d

s ub s t i t u t e f o r d o i n g a n ac t u a l 112 ( d )( 3 ) a n d 112 ( d ) ( 6 ) a n a l y s i s b a s e d o n a c h i e v a b l e e mi ss i o n

r e du c t i o n s

... . E P A

s h ou l d s e t a n

u m e r i c a l lim i

t f o r e mi s s i o n s r e s u l

t i n g f r o m t h e a d d i

t i o n a l w o r k

p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d s

. ”

R e s p o n se : I n t h e f

i n a l r u l e

, w e h a v e r e m o v e d t h e p r o p o s e d o p t i o n f o r f a c il i t i e s t o

i m p l e m e n t l e a d m o n i

t o r i n g i n l i e u o f i n s t a l l i ng t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s . T h e r e f o r e

, t h e f i n a l r u l e r e q u i

r e s

s ec o n d a r y l ea d f

a c il i t i e s t o c o n s t r u c t t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s f o r f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s o u r ce s a n d t o

c o n du c t a li s t o f p r e s c r i b e d f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n c o n

t r o l w o r k p r ac t i ce s . T h e c o mm e n t e r ’ s

o b j ec t i o n s t o t h e a l

t e r n a t i v e m o n i

t o r i n g a pp r o ac h a r e t h

u s m o o t

.

W e d i s a g r ee t h a t t h e f

i n a l f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d d o e s n o t m ee t t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f

s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. F i

r s t

, i t i s c l ea r l y p e r mi ss i b l e f

o r E P A t o s e t w o r k p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d s t o

c o n t r o l f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s

. A cc o r d i n g t o s ec t i o n 112 ( h ) o f t h e C A A

, “

... i f i t i s n o t f ea s i b l e i n

t h e j ud g m e n

t o f t h e A d mi n i s t r a t o r t o p r e s c r i b e o r e n f o r ce a n e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d f o r c o n t r o l o f a

h a z a r d o u s a i

r p o ll u t a n t o r p o ll u t a n

t s

, t h e A d mi n i s t r a t o r m a y

, i n li e u t h e r e o f

, p r o m u l g a t e a d e s i g n

,

e q u i p m e n t

, w o r k p r a c t i ce

, o r o p e r a t i o n a l s t a n d a r d

, o r c o m

b i n a t i o n t h e r e o f

, w h i c h i n t h e

A d m i n i s t r a t o r ’ s j ud g m e n t i s c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f s u b s e c t i o n ( d ) o r ( f ) o f t h i s

s ec t i o n

. ” I t i s n o t f

ea s i b l e t o e n f

o r ce a n u m e r i c a l e m i ss i o n s s t a n d a r d f o r f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s f

r o m

s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s t h a t a r e n o t v e n

t e d t o a s t a c k

s i n ce t h e s e e mi ss i o n s a r e n o t d i r ec t l y

m e a s u r a b l e ( t h i s i s w h y t h e y a r e t e r m e d ‘ f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s ’ )

. H o w e v e r

, w e n o t e t h a t f u g i t i v e

e mi ss i o n s w h i c h a r e e n c l o s e d

, ca p t u r e d

, a n d v e n

t e d t o a c o n

t r o l d e v i ce a r e s u b

j ec t t o t h e

n u m e r i c a l s t a n d a r d f

o r i n d i v i du a l s t ac k s a n d a r e c ou n t a g a i n s t t h e f

a c il i t y

- w i d e s t ac k e mi ss i o n

lim i t f o r l ea d

, a n d t h

u s a r e e ff ec t i v e l y s u b

j ec t t o a n u m e r i c a l lim i

t a t i o n

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s ugg e s t s t h a t t h e s t a n d a r d s

– w h i c h r e q u i r e t o t a l e n c l o s u r e o f l ea d

b ea r i ng m a t e r i a l s

– c ou l d b e m a d e s t r i c t e r s t i l l

. We a r e n o t a w a r e o f a m o r e e ff ec t i v e m e a n s t o

c o n t r o l f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s t h a n t o t a l e n c l o s u r e o f p r o ce ss a r ea s t h a t g e n e r a t e f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s

a n d r e q u i r i ng t h a t t h o s e e n c l o s u r e s b e v e n t e d t o a c o n

t r o l d e v i ce

. W e a r e a l s o r e qu i r i ng w o r k

p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d s a l o n g w i t h t h o s e e n c l o s u r e s t h a t w i l l e n s u r e t h a t t h e r e a r e n o o p p o r t un i t i e s f o r

a n y f u g i t i v e du s t g e n e r a t e d i n s i d e t h o s e e n c l o s u r e s t o b e ca rr i e d o u t s i d e . T h e f i n a l r u l e i n c l ud e s15

e v e r y w o r k p r ac t i ce p o s s i b l e t h a t w o u l d l i m i t f u g i t i v e l ea d e mi ss i o n s w i

t h o u t c r e a t i n g w o r kp l ace

s a f e t y h aza r d s

. ( A f

t e r t h e pub li c c o mm e n

t p r o ce ss , E P A ’ s s t a t e m e n t a t p r o p o s a l

– “ [ w ] e

ac kn o w l e dg e t h a t t h e r e m a y b e o t h e r c o n t r o l m ea s u r e s a n d a l

t e r n a t i v e a

pp r o ac h e s t h a t w e h a v e

n o t i d e n t i f i e d t h a t a r e e ff

ec t i v e i n r e du c i ng f

u g i t i v e e mi s s i o n s a t o t h e r f

a c il i t i e s ( 76 F R a t

29056 / 3 )

—

n o l o n g e r h o l d s

. A f

t e r c o n s i d e r i n g t h e pub l i c c o mm e n t s

, w e a r e n o t a w a r e o f a n y

s u c h m e a s u r e s

. )

T h e c o mm e n

t e r a l s o i n d i c a t e s t h a t a n y w o r k p r a c t i ce s t a n d a r d s s h ou l d b e r e i n f o r ce d b y

s o m e t y p e o f n u m e r i c s t a n d a r d t i e d t o f

e n c e l i n e m o n i

t o r i n g . E P A i s n o t a d o p t i n g t h i s t y p e o f

p r o v i s i o n . T h e E P A e v a l u a t e d a v a i l a b l e p r ee x i s t i n g a m b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g d a t a a n d c o m

p a r e d t h e

a m b i e n t c o n ce n t r a t i o n s w i

t h t h e d e g r ee o f e n c l o s u r e a n d p r e s e n ce o f w o r k p r a c t i ce s t a n d a r d s

s i mi l a r t o t h o s e i n c l ud e d i n t h i s f i n a l r u l e . T h i s c o m

p a r i s o n d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t t h e m e a s u r e s

r e q u i r e d i n t h i s f

i n a l r u l e w i l l a c h i e v e r e du c t i o n s i n a m b i e n t l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s t o l e v e l s b e l o w

t h e NA A Q S

. S ee Su mm a r y o f A m b i e n t L e ad M

on i t o r i ng D a t a A r

ound S ec onda r

y L e ad S m e lti n g

F a c iliti es

, w h i c h i s a v a il a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t ( E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344 )

. M o n i t o r i n g i n p e r

p e t u i t y

f o r t h e N E S H A P t o o b s e r v e t h i s a l r ea d y d e m o n s t r a

t e d f ac t w i l l i m

p o s e b u r d e n w i

t h o u t a n y

f u r t h e r e nv i

r o n m e n t a l b e n e f i t . T h e r e qu i

r e m e n t s i n t h e N E S H A P i n c l ud e m ea s u r e s f o r

d e t e r mi n i ng c o n

t i n u o u s c o m p l i a n ce t h a t a r e s u ff

i c i e n t t o e n s u r e t h a t e mi ss i o n s

, a n d a m b i e n t

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s

, w i l l r e m a i n l o w . T h e r e q u i r e m e n t t o t o t a l l y e n c l o s e b u i l d i ng s a n d m a i n t a i n t h e m

u n d e r n e g a t i v e p r e ss u r e w i t h v e n t il a t i o n t o a c o n

t r o l d e v i ce e n s u r e s t h a t f

u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s w il l

n o t e s ca p e b u i l d i ng s t h

r o ug h doo r w a y s o r o t h e r o p e n i n g s

. W o r k p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d s

, s u c h a s t h o s e

r e q u i r i n g v e h i c l e w a s h i ng p r i o r t o l e a v i ng a t o t a l e n c l o s u r e e n s u r e t h a t l e a d b ea r i ng du s t w i t h i n

b u i l d i ng s i s n o t i n a d v e r t e n t l y t r a n s p o r t e d o u

t s i d e o f t h e s t r u c t u

r e a n d r e

- e n

t r a i n e d l a t e r

. T h e

r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e f i n a l r u l e t h a t p r e v e n

t f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s f

r o m e s ca p i ng b u i l d i n g s i n t h e f

i r s t

p l ace m a k e i

t un n e c e s s a r y t o i n c l ud e a m b i e n t m o n it o r i n g

.

S ec t i o n 112 ( h ) o f t h e C A A f u r t h e r s t a t e s t h a t “ I n t h e e v e n

t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r p r o m

u l g a t e s

a d e s i g n o r e qu i

p m e n t s t a n d a r d u n d e r t h i s s u b s e c t i o n

, t h e A d mi n i s t r a t o r s h a l l i n c l u d e a s p a r t o f

s u c h s t a n d a r d s u c h r e q u i

r e m e n t s a s w i l l a ss u r e t h e p r o p e r o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n

t e n a n c e o f a n y s u c h

e l e m e n t o f d e s i g n o r e qu i

p m e n t

. ” W e b e l i e v e t h a t t h e m o n i t o r i n g a n d r ec o r dk ee p i n g r e q u i r e d f o r

t h e w o r k p r ac t i ce s a n d t h e m e a s u r e m e n t o f b u i l d i n g d i f

f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e e n s u r e “ p r o p e r

o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n

t e n a n c e” o f t h e w o r k p r a c t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s t h a t a r e n o t16

v e n t e d t o a s t ac k

. H e n ce

, t h e f i n a l s t a n d a r d s f

o r f ug i t i v e l e a d e mi ss i o n s a r e c l ea r l y w a rr a n t e d

u n d e r s ec t i o n s 112 ( f

) a n d 112 ( d )( 6 )

.

W e n o t e t h a t w e d i d e v a l u a t e t h e w o r k p r a c t i c e s a l r ea d y e m p l o y e d b y s o m e f

a c i l i t i e s a s

w e ll a s S o u

t h C o a s t A i

r Q u a l i t y M a n a g e m e n

t D i s t r i c t ( S C A Q M D ) r u l e 1420

. 1 a n d w h i l e s o m e

o f t h e w o r k p r a c t i c e s a d o p t e d i n t h i s f i n a l r u l e a r e s i mi l a r t o s o m e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f S C A Q M D

,

t h a t r u l e i n c l ud e d a n

u m b e r o f m e a s u r e s t h a t a r e g e a r e d t o w a r d s s p e c i f i c c h a ll e ng e s p o s e d b y

c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e L o s A n g e l e s a r ea

. F o r e x a m p l e

, r o o f w a s h i ng i s r e q u i r e d i n t h e S C A Q M D r u l e

,

a n d w h i l e t h i s m e a s u r e m a y b e a pp r o p r i a t e f

o r t h e w a r m

, d r y c li m a t e i n L o s A n g e l e s

, i t i s

i n a pp r o p r i a t e f

o r a r ea s w i

t h h i g h e r l e v e l s o f p r e c i p i t a t i o n ( e

. g

. P u e r

t o R i c o ) o r f

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t h

c o l d c l im a t e s ( e

. g

. N e w Y o r k

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t s a f e t y h aza r d s f

o r

w o r k e r s. T h e f

i n a l r u l e i n c l ud e s a l l o f t h e e n c l o s u r e a n d w o r k p r ac t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r f u g i t i v e

e mi ss i o n s t h a t w e r e d ee m e d n ec e ss a r y t o p r o v i d e t h e p u b li c w i t h a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y

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t e r e du n d a n

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, 93 ) s ugg e s t e d t h a t E P A h a d n o t a d e qu a t e l y e x p l a i n e d t h e e mi ss i o n s b e n e f i t s o f t h e

p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t s

, a n d t h a t E P A l ac k s a n y l e g i t im a t e b a s i s f

o r i t s e s t im a t e o f

e mi ss i o n s r e du c t i o n s t h a t w o u l d r e s u l t

. C o mm e n

t e r 96 s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e w a s n o d o c u m e n t a t i o n i n

t h e r ec o r d e x

p l a i n i ng h o w E P A d e r i v e d a n e s t im a t e o f 4

. 2 t o n s p e r y ea r a t t r i b u t e d s p e c i f i c a ll y t o

t h e w o r k p r ac t i ce s . T h e c o mm e n t e r n o t e s t h e i

r a ss u m p t i o n t h a t t h e u n d e r l y i ng b a s i s o f t h e

a n t i c i p a t e d t o t a l a gg r e g a t e f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s r e du c t i o n o f 9

. 5 t o n s p e r y ea r i s b a s e d o n t h e

e mi ss i o n s e s t im a t e s i n t h e R T R e mi ss i o n s d a t a s e t

, a n a s s u m p t i o n t h a t t h e c o mm e n

t e r a ss e r t s i s

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r s t

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. 5 t o n s p e r y ea r i s w r o n g

b e c a u s e E P A o v e r e s t im a t e d f

u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s f

o r E x i d e F r i s c o w h o s e e s t im a t e s f o r m t h e b a s i s

f o r e s t im a t e d e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e r e m a i n i n g s ec o n d a r y l e a d s o u r ce s

. S ec o n d

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e mi ss i o n s e s t im a t e s d o n o t c o n t a i n e s t im a t e s o f e mi ss i o n s f o r m a n y o f t h e ac t i v i

t i e s t h a t t h e

p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e a im e d a t a dd r e s s i ng

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s f u r t h e r n o t e t h a t t h e a g e n c y d o e s n o t i d e n t i f y w h i c h f a c il i t i e s u n d e r t a k e

a l l t h e d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s a n d w o r k p r a c t i c e s

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o m m e n t e r s

, “ E P A ’ s f

a il u r e t o

i n c l ud e t h i s i n f

o r m a t i o n i n t h e r ec o r d c o n t r a v e n e s C l ea n A i r A c t § 307 ( d )

. ” T h e c o mm e n t e r

f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t “ E P A ” s f

a il u r e t o i n c l ud e t h i s i n f

o r m a t i o n u n d e r l y i ng t h e P r o p o s e d R u l e ’ s17

d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s a n d w o r k p r a c t i c e s i s p r e j u d i c i a l t o t h e A BR b eca

u s e t h e A s s o c i a t i o n c a n n o t

m e a n i n g f u ll y c o mm e n

t o n w h e t h e r E P A h a s c o rr e c t l y d e s c r i b e d a n d t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o p r o p o s e d

l e g a l r e q u i

r e m e n t s t h e p r ac t i ce s o n w h i c h t h e s e p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d s a r e

p r e d i ca t e d

. ” C o mm e n

t e r s 90 a n d 96 o ff

e r e d t h a t “ I n o r d e r f

o r t h e d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s a n d w o r k

p r ac t i c e s t o b e c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h C l ea n A i r A c t §11 2 ( d )( 2 )

, t h e y c o ll ec t i v e l y m u s t b e u n d e r t a k e n

b y

, o r a t l ea s t c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h

, t h e b e s t p e r f

o r mi ng f i v e s o u r ce s i n t h e i n d

u s t r y

. ” T h e c o mm e n

t e r

f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t “ E P A c a n n o t p r e d i ca t e a r i s k

- b a s e d C A A 112 ( f ) e m i s s i o n s t a n d a r d f

o r m e t a l

H A P s o n c o m

p li a n ce w i

t h t h e N A A Q S a

b s e n t a s p e c i f i c f a c t u a l d e t e r mi n a t i o n b y t h e

A d m i n i s t r a t o r t h a t t h e d e s i g n s a n d w o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d s c o ll ec t i v e l y a r e n e ce s s a r y t o m e e t

...pub l i c h e a l

t h c r i t e r i a .”

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e n s u r e t h a t t h

r ee

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t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y d o n o t e x cee d t h e l ea d N A A Q S

. ” C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 c o mm e n

t e d t h a t

“ T h i s r a t i o n a l e i s i n c o rr e c t b eca u s e s e v e r a l f

a c i l i t i e s m ee t t h e l e a d NAAQ S a t a ll m o n i t o r s n ea r

t h e i r p r o p e r t y b o u n d a r i e s w i

t h o u t a pp l y i ng t h e s e m e a s u r e s

. ” T h e c o mm e n t e r p r o v i d e s G o p h e r

R e s o u r ce s , E a s t P e nn

, R S R ( NY )

, a n d R S R (I N ) a s e x a m p l e s o f f a c il i t i e s t h a t a r e c u

rr e n t l y a n d

r e g u l a r l y m ee t i n g t h e NA A Q S a t m o n i t o r s n ea r t h e i r b o u n d a r i e s w i t h o u t a pp l y i ng a l l t h e

p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i c e s . T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e t h a t t h e f

a c il i t i e s d o NO T c o n du c t t h e f o l l o w i ng

p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i c e s : c l e a n i ng o f p a v e m e n t w i t h a w a t e r a

pp li ca t i o n r a t e o f a t l ea s t 0

. 48

g a l l o n s / s qu a r e y a r d

, r o o f

t o p w a s h i n g

, a n d i n s p ec t i o n o f b a tt e r y s t o r a g e a r ea s m o r e f r e qu e n t l y

t h a n o n ce p e r w ee k

.

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t h o ug h t h e S C A Q M D i ss u e d a r u l e t h a t r e qu i r e s s o u r ce s t o

u n d e r t a k e s o m e o f t h e w o r k p r a c t i ce s p r o p o s e d b y E P A

, “ E P A d i d n o t s t a t e t h a t i t w a s r e l y i ng o n

t h e S C A Q M D r u l e

, n o r d i d i t i n t r o du ce t h a t r u l e o r a n y a d m i n i s t r a t i v e m a t e r i a l s u n d e r l y i ng i t s

c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n

t o t h e r ec o r d

. “ T h e c o mm e n t e r a r gu e s t h a t i

n t r o du c i n g t h e r ec o r d o f t h e

S C A Q M D r u l e “ w ou l d h a v e s h o w n t h a t i t w a s p o t e n

t i a ll y j u s t i f

i e d o n l y i n li g h

t o f t h e un i qu e

l o c a l c o n ce r n s i n t h a t a r ea

... ” T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t “ E P A h a s n o b a s i s f o r c o n c l u d i ng t h a t

t h e w o r k p r ac t i ce s t h a t t h e S C A Q M D r e q u i r e d w ou l d b e e ff

ec t i v e a t a l l o u t s i d e t h e s p e c i f i c

c o n d i t i o n s i n t h a t r e g i o n

... ”

C o mm e n t e r 90 a g r ee s w i

t h E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d u s e o f a n S O P m a n u a l f o r f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s

c o n t r o l p r o ce du r e s b u t r e qu e s t e d t h a t E P A r ea ss e ss t h e o v e r a l l s t r a t e g y r e l a t e d t o f

u g i t i v e

e mi ss i o n s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r “ r ec o mm e n d s t h a t t h e R T R p r o p o s e d r u l e r e q u i r e t h a t eac h f

a c il i t y ’ s18

S O P m a n u a l r e q u i r e c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s w o r k p r a c t i c e s a n d t o t a l e n c l o s u r e

r e q u i r e m e n t s

... b u t n o t r e qu i

r e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f s p e c i f i c r e q u i r e m e n t s w i t h o u t c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f

s i t e

- s p e c i f i c f ac t o r s

... A m

b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g a t ea c h f

ac i l i t y w i l l b e t h e t e s t t o v e r i f y t h a t f u g i t i v e

du s t c o n t r o l m e a s u r e s a r e e ff

ec t i v e

... ” T h e c o m

m e n t e r r e qu e s t s t h a t E P A s p e c i f i ca ll y e x c l ud e

t h e f o l l o w i ng a r ea s f

r o m r e q u i r e m e n t s t o a dd r e ss i n a n S O P m a n u a l : i n t ac t b a t t e r y s t o r a g e

, l ea d

i ng o t p r o du c t h a n d li ng w h e r e f u g i t i v e l ea d du s t i s n o t g e n e r a t e d

, h a n d l i ng o f s t o r m w a t e r a n d

w a s t e w a t e r t r e a

t m e n t r e s i du a l s

, a n d c l e a n b a tt e r y ca s i ng p l a s t i c h a n d l i ng

.

C o mm e n t e r 93 s t a t e d t h a t t h e w o r k p r a c t i c e r e q u i r e m e n t s r e p r e s e n

t a c o s t b u r d e n

d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e w i t h a n y p e r c e i v e d b e n e f

i t

, a n d a r e un n ec e ss a r y f

o r f a c il i t i e s t o o p e r a

t e i n

c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h t h e c u rr e n

t l ea d N A A Q S . T h e c o m m e n t e r r e qu e s t e d t h a t t h e m a n d a t o r y w o r k

p r ac t i ce r e q u i

r e m e n t s b e r e m o v e d f

r o m S u b p a r t X

.

R e s p o n se : T h e t ec h

n i c a l d o c u m e n

t d e s c r i b i ng t h e t ec h n o l og y r e v i e w f o r t h i s s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y c l ea r l y d e s c r i b e d t h e m e t h o d o l og y u s e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e e mi ss i o n s b e n e f i t s i n t h e

p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t s

. S ee Su mm a r

y o f t h e T ec hno l og y R ev i e w f

o r t h e S ec onda r

y

L e ad S m e lti ng Sou r

ce C a t e go ry

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- HQ

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- 2011

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. W e

u s e d t h e s a m e m e t h o d o l og y t o ca l c u l a t e t h e e mi ss i o n s r e du c t i o n s a s w a s u s e d t o ca l c u l a t e t h e

b a s e l i n e f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s f

o r eac h f a c il i t y . T h e c o mm e n

t e r i s c o r r ec t t h a t t h e r e w a s a

m i s ca l c u l a t i o n i n t h e b a s e l i n e f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s e s t im a t e s

. S ee s ec t i o n V .E o f t h e f i n a l r u l e

p r e a m b l e

. W e h a v e c o rr e c t e d t h e b a s e li n e f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n e s t im a t e s a n d t h e s ub s e qu e n t

e mi ss i o n s r e du c t i o n s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i ce

. W e h a v e d o n e a d d i t i o n a l

m o d e l i ng f

o r t h e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y b a s e d o n t h e upd a t e d f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n e s t im a t e s (r e f l ec t i n g

s li g h t l y r e d u ce d e mi ss i o n s f

r o m f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s ) a n d t h e c o n c l u s i o n s r e m a i n t h e s a m e a s a t

p r o p o s a l

. L ea d e m i s s i o n s s t ill r e m a i n u n a c ce p t a b l y h i g h a n d r e v i s i o n s t o t h e s t a n d a r d a r e

n e c e s s a r y t o p r o v i d e acce p t a b l e r i s k w i

t h a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y

. S ee R e s i dua l R i s k

A ss e s s m e n t f

o r t h e S ec onda r

y L e ad S m e lti n g Sou r

ce C a t e go r y

, a v a i l a b l e i n d o c k e t I D E P A

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- 2011

- 0344

. T h e E P A h a s a l s o a d j u s t e d t h e e m i ss i o n r e du c t i o n e s t im a t e s r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e

r e v i s i o n s t o t h e s t a n d a r d

. W h il e t h e c o s t e f f ec t i v e n e ss o f t h e m e t a l H A P e mi ss i o n r e du c t i o n s h a s

d ec r ea s e d s l i g h t l y

, w e b e li e v e t h a t t h e r e v i s i o n s t o t h e s t a n d a r d t o a dd r e ss f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s a r e

s t i l l c o s t e f

f ec t i v e a n d n ec e ss a r y u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s n o t e t h a t i n o r d e r f

o r t h e d e s i g n a n d w o r k p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d s t o b e

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h s e c t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 )

, t h e y m u s t b e und e r t a k e n b y t h e b e s t p e r f o r mi ng f i v e s o u r ce s i n19

i ndu s t r y

. H o w e v e r

, t h e w o r k p r a c t i c e s a r e b e i ng a d o p t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) ( a n d u n d e r

s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 )

, a s n o t e d i

n t h e n e x t p a r a g r a

p h )

, n o t 112 ( d ) ( 2 )

. S e c t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) d o e s n o t

r e q u i r e a M A C T f

l oo r- li k e c a l c u l a t i o n i n v o l v i ng t h e b e s t p e r f o r mi ng f i v e s o u r ce s

, b u t r a

t h e r i s

b a s e d o n d e v e l op m e n

t s i n c o n t r o l p r ac t i c e s

, p r o ce ss e s a n d t ec h n o l og i e s a n d m a y r e f l ec t

c o n s i d e r a t i o n s o f c o s t ( i n c l u d i ng c o s t e ff ec t i v e n e s s ) o f a d o p t i n g a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s a n d n o n

- a i r

a n d e n e r g y i m

p ac t s a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s

. A ll o f t h e w o r k p r ac t i ce s i n c l ud e d i n t h e

f i n a l r u l e t h a t w e r e n o t i n t h e o r i g i n a l N E S H A P a r e p e r f o r m e d a t l e a s t b y t h e w e ll

- c o n t r o ll e d

E x i d e T ec h n o l og i e s f

a c il i t y i n V e r n o n a n d Q u e m e t c o f a c i l i t y i n C i t y o f I n du s t r y t h a t a r e s ub j ec t

t o t h e S C A Q M D 1420

. 1 r u l e

, w h i l e s o m e o f t h e s e w o r k p r a c t i c e s a r e c o n du c t e d b y m a n y o t h e r

f a c il i t i e s ( e

. g

. , p a v e m e n

t o r g r o u n d c o v e r o f f

a c i l i t y g r o u n d s

, t r a n s p o r

t o f du s t i n s e a l e d

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.

T h e w o r k p r a c t i c e s a r e a l s o b e i n g a d o p t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 )

. T h e p r ea m

b l e t o t h e

p r o p o s e d r u l e c l ea r l y d e s c r i b e d t h a t o u r a n a l y s e s i n d i ca t e d t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i c e s w e r e

n e c e s s a r y t o ac h i e v e l e a d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s n ea r t h e b o u n d a r i e s o f t h e f ac i l i t i e s t h a t a r e a t

, o r b e l o w

t h e l ea d N A A Q S

, a b e n c h m a r k t h a t r e p r e s e n t s a n acce p t a

b l e l e v e l o f r i s k

. 76 F R a t 29056 / 3

.

S ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 ) o f t h e C A A a l s o d o e s n o t r e qu i r e a M A C T f

l oo r ca l c u l a t i o n b a s e d o n t h e

p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e t o p 12 % o f s o u r ce s ( o r t o p 5 s ou r ce s f o r a ca t e g o r y w i

t h l e ss t h a n 30

f a c il i t i e s )

. I n f ac t

, i f s e c t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 ) s t a n d a r d s a r e r e qu i

r e d

, t h e s t a n d a r d s m

u s t r e s u l t i n

acce p t a b l e r i s k w h e t h e r o r n o t a n y s o u r ce s i n t h e c a t e g o r y a r e c u rr e n t l y p e r f o r mi ng a t t h a t l e v e l

.

W i t h r e g a r d s t o t h e f

a c il i t i e s d e s c r i b e d b y t h e c o mm e n t e r a s m ee t i n g t h e l ea d N A A Q S

w i t h o u t im p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i c e s a n d t h e r e f o r e s h ou l d n o t r e qu i

r e f u r t h e r

c o n t r o l u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) ( 2 )

, w e n o t e t h a t t h i s r u l e im p l e m e n t s s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 )

, n o t t h e

l ea d p r im a r y N A A Q S

. S ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 ) s t a n d a r d s a

p p l y o n a s o u r ce c a

t e go r y

- w i d e b a s i s

, s o t h e

c o mm e n t e r ’ s s ugg e s t i o n t h a t E P A a d o p t f a c i l i t y

- b y

- f ac i l i t y s t a n d a r d s p r e d i ca t e d o n t h e

i n d i v i du a l a r e a ’ s a t t a i n m e n t s t a t u s i s n o t l e g a ll y p e r mi s s i b l e

. N e v e r t h e l e ss

, a s a r e s u l t o f t h e s e

a n d o t h e r c o mm e n

t s r ec e i v e d o n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e m a k i ng

, w e h a v e r e m o v e d s o m e o f t h e

p r o p o s e d s p ec i f

i c w o r k p r a c t i c e s m e n

t i o n e d b y t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t p r e s e n

t s a f e t y h a z a r d s o r a r e

r e du n d a n t a s n o t e d i n s ec t i o n V

. C o f t h e f i n a l r u l e p r e a m

b l e

.

W e a g r ee t h a t t h e S C A Q M D r u l e m a y c o n t a i n s o m e w o r k p r a c t i c e s t h a t a r e m o s t

e ff ec t i v e a t t h e t w o f

a c il i t i e s i n s o u t h e r n C a li f

o r n i a

. H o w e v e r

, t h e f

i n a l l i s t o f w o r k p r a c t i ce

s t a n d a r d s w i l l e n s u r e t h a t f u g i t i v e du s t i s n o t g e n e r a t e d o u t s i d e o f t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s w h i c h a r e

v e n t e d t o c o n t r o l d e v i c e s

, t h e r e b y e n s u r i ng t h e pub l i c i s p r o t e c t e d f r o m t h e s e e m i ss i o n s w i

t h a n20

a m p l e m a r g i n o f

s a f e t y . E ac h f

ac i l i t y m u s t a l s o d e v e l o p a n d s u b m i t a S O P t o t h e i

r l o c a l

p e r m i tt i n g a u t h o r i t y f o r a pp r o v a l t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e f ac i l i t y p r o p e r l y i m

p l e m e n t s t h e e n c l o s u r e

r e q u i r e m e n t s a n d w o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d s

.

C o m m e n t ( 215

, 99 ): C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 p r o p o s e d r e gu l a t o r y l a n gu a g e t o a dd r e ss t h e

s p e c i f i c i s s u e s i d e n

t i f i e d f o r t h e a l t e r n a t i v e t o t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s ( §63

. 544 ( d )( 1 )

– ( d )( 8 ) )

.

R e s p o n se : We t h a n

k t h e c o mm e n

t e r s f o r d r a f t i n g r ec o mm e n d e d l a n gu a g e ; h o w e v e r

,

b e c a u s e w e h a v e r e m o v e d t h e a l t e r n a t i v e t o t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s

, t h e s e i s s u e s a r e n o l o n g e r r e l e v a n t

.

b. A m b i e n t M

on it o r i n g R e qu i r

e m e n ts

C o m m e n t ( 244

, 214

, 126

, 98

, 28) : T h e E P A r e qu e s t e d c o mm e n t s o n t h e p r o p o s e d

a l t e r n a t i v e r e q u i

r e m e n t o f a m b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g

, i n c l u d i ng w h e t h e r t w o m o n i t o r s w o u l d b e

s u f f i c i e n t o r i f m o r e m o n i

t o r s m a y b e n e ce s s a r y

.

C o mm e n t e r 98 s t a t e d t h a t i n s t a l l i ng t w o m o n i

t o r s, w i t h a t l e a s t o n e l o ca t e d w h e r e h i g h e s t

a i r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a r e e x

p ec t e d

, i s n o t s u ff

i c i e n t

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r

, t h e r e q u i

r e m e n t

“

... s h ou l d b e s t r e n g t h e n e d t o r e qu i r e c o n t i n u o u s m e a s u r e m e n

t f r o m a s u f f i c i e n t n u m b e r o f

m o n i t o r s t o ca p t u r e b o t h t h e d o mi n a n

t a n d i n t e r m i tt e n t w i n d p a tt e r n s a n d r e g u l a r v e r i f i ca t i o n a n d

o v e r s i g h t b y t h e p e r m i

t t i n g a g e n c y

. ” T h e c o mm e n t e r a l s o s ugg e s t e d t h a t a 30

- d a y r o l l i ng

a v e r a g e b e a d o p t e d b eca

u s e a g r ea t e r l a g t im e e x i s t s b e f o r e e x cee d a n c e s a r e i d e n

t i f i e d a n d

r ec t i f i e d u s i n g a t h

r ee m o n t h r o l l i ng a v e r a g e

.

C o mm e n t e r 82 s t a t e d t h a t t w o m o n i

t o r s w o u l d b e s u ff

i c i e n t

, a n d o f f e r e d t h e f o l l o w i ng

s upp o r t a n d s ugg e s t i o n s : “ O u r h i s t o r i c a l a i r m o n i t o r i n g r ec o r d a n d e x

p e r i e n ce i n t h e P b

e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e s e s o u r ce s i l l u s t r a t e s t h e s i g n i f i ca n t i n f l u e n ce o f w i n d s p ee d a n d d i r ec t i o n o n

a m b i e n t a i r c o n ce n t r a t i o n s i n t h e s u rr o u n d i n g c o mm u n i t y . T h e r e f

o r e

, w e b e li e v e t h e p l a c e m e n t

o f a t l ea s t o n e c o m

p li a n ce m o n i

t o r a t t h e l o ca t i o n o f e x

p ec t e d m a x i m

u m c o n c e n

t r a t i o n im p ac t

s h ou l d b e b a s e d o n t h e m o s t r ece n t f i v e y ea r s o f m e t e o r o l og i c a l d a t a a n d a pp r o v e d r e gu l a t o r y

m o d e l i ng

. A s ec o n d c o m p l i a n c e m o n i

t o r l o ca t e d a

t o r n ea r t h e p l a n

t b o u n d a r y i s n e ce s s a r y t o

o b s e r v e i m

p ac t s du e t o s ea s o n a l c h a n g e s i n m e t e o r o l og y . T h i s l e v e l o f m o n i t o r i n g w o u l d b e

a d e qu a t e f

o r c o m p l i a n ce d e m o n s t r a t i o n p r o v i d e d t h e m o n i t o r s w e r e l o ca t e d acc o r d i n g t o t h e

P r o b e a n d M o n i

t o r i n g P a t h S i

t i n g C r i t e r i a f o r A m b i e n t A i r Q u a l i t y A pp e n d i x E t o 40 C F R P a r t

58

. ”21

C o mm e n t e r s 90

, 9 6

, a n d 91 r e c o mm e n d e d t h a t t h e E P A f o l l o w t h e N A A Q S s i

t i n g

r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r a m b i e n t m o n i t o r s i n 40 C F R P a r t 58

. C o mm e n t e r 9 1 n o t e d t h a t

, w h e n

p r o m u l g a t i n g t h e L ea d N A A Q S s i t i ng c r i t e r i a

, t h e E P A r e

j ec t e d s e l e c t i n g s i

t e s s o l e l y b a s e d o n

t h e l o ca t i o n o f m a x i m

u m e s t im a t e d c o n ce n

t r a t i o n

. I n s t ea d

, t h e E P A c o n s i d e r e d t h e po t e n t i a l f o r

p o pu l a t i o n e x

p o s u r e a n d l og i s t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a s f ac t o r s t o c o n s i d e r i n

s i t i n g d e c i s i o n s a n d

c h a n g e d p a r a g r a

p h 4

. 5 o f 50 C

. F

. R

. P a r

t 5 8 acc o r d i n g l y . T h e c o mm e n t e r f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t t h e

s i t i n g c r i t e r i a i n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e i s n o t c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e NA A Q S a s i

t d o e s n o t r e qu i

r e t h e

p l ac e m e n t o f m o n i t o r s i n “ a m

b i e n t a i r ” l o ca t i o n s

, b u t r e qu i

r e s s i t i ng “ a t o r n ea r t h e f

ac i l i t y

b o u n d a r y

... ”

R e s p o n se : W e h a v e r e m o v e d t h e l ea d c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n a i r m o n i

t o r i n g a l t e r n a t i v e f

r o m

t h i s r u l e . T h e r e f

o r e

, t h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s c o n ce r n s r e l a t e d t o t h e f e n c e l i n e m o n i

t o r i n g r e q u i

r e m e n t s

n ee d n o t b e a dd r e ss e d i n t h i s r u l e m a k i ng

.

C o m m e n t ( 98) : C o mm e n t e r 90 n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A u s e d t h e t e r mi n o l og y “c o n t i n u o u s

m o n i t o r i n g s y s t e m ” i n t h e p r o p o s e d a m b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g r e q u i

r e m e n t s

. T h i s m o n i

t o r i n g s y s t e m

i s n o t a c o n

t i n u o u s m o n i

t o r i n g s y s t e m a n d t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r C M S i n §63

. 8 ( c ) w o u l d n o t b e

a pp r o p r i a t e

.

R e s p o n se : W e h a v e r e m o v e d t h e l ea d c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n a i r m o n i

t o r i n g a l t e r n a t i v e f

r o m

t h i s r u l e . T h e r e f

o r e

, t h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s c o n ce r n s r e l a t e d t o t h e f e n c e l i n e m o n i

t o r i n g r e q u i

r e m e n t s

n ee d n o t b e a dd r e ss e d i n t h i s r u l e m a k i ng

.

c. R u l e C l a r ifi c a ti on s

C o m m e n t ( 98

, 214) : T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 90

, 96 ) r e qu e s t e d a c l a r i f i c a t i o n t h a t s o u

r ce s

m a y s w i t c h b e t w ee n t h e t w o m e a n s o f c o m p l i a n ce

.

R e s po n s e: W e h a v e r e m o v e d t h e o p t i o n f o r f a c il i t i e s t o m o n i

t o r l ea d c o n ce n

t r a t i o n s a t

t h e f e n c e l i n e i n li e u o f t o t a l l y e n c l o s i ng f u g i t i v e g e n e r a t i n g p r o ce ss e s . T h e r e f o r e

, t h i s c o mm e n

t

i s n o l o n g e r r e l e v a n

t

.22

C o m m e n t ( 98

, 205

, 214) : T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 90

, 9 6 ) r e qu e s t e d t h a t t h e E P A c l a r i f y t h a t

i t s p r o p o s e d a l

t e r n a t i v e d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s d o n o t p r e c l ud e a r e g u l a t e d e n

t i t y f r o m o ff e r i n g

a l t e r n a t i v e d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o m m e n t e r

, “ E P A s h ou l d i n c l ud e a p r o v i s i o n

...

r e a ff i r m i ng r e g u l a t e d f

ac i l i t i e s ’ s t a t u t o r y r i g h t t o s ee k a

pp r o v a l o f a l

t e r n a t i v e m e a s u r e s t h a t a r e

e q u i v a l e n t t o d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s a n d a l t e r n a t i v e d e s i g n s t a n d a r d s p r o p o s e d b y E P A

. ” T h e

c o mm e n t e r s a l s o r e qu e s t e d t h a t t h e E P A c l a r i f y i t s a l t e r n a t i v e w o r k p r a c t i ce e q u i v a l e n c y

r e q u i r e m e n t s t o p r o v i d e c l a r i

t y f o r s o u r ce s t h a t w i s h t o e x e r c i s e t h e i r s t a t u t o r y r i g h t u n d e r C A A

112 ( h )( 3 ) t o e n g a g e i n e q u i v a l e n t a l t e r n a t i v e w o r k p r ac t i c e s

.

R e s p o n s e: W e n o t e t h a t t h e g e n e r a l p r o v i s i o n s i n 40 C

. F

. R

. P a r t 6 3 S ub p a r t A a

t

§63

. 6 ( g ) t h a t a

pp l y t o a r e qu e s t f

o r a pp r o v a l o f a n a l

t e r n a t i v e t o a s t a n d a r d a r e s p e c i f i ca l l y

i n c l ud e d i n t h i s r u l e a s r e f e r e n ce d i n

T a b l e 1 t o S ub p a r t X

. F a c i l i t i e s h a v e t h e o p t i o n t o d e v e l o p

a n d s u b m i

t a n a l t e r n a t i v e s e t o f f

u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n c o n

t r o l w o r k p r a c t i c e s t o t h e A d mi n i s t r a t o r f o r

a pp r o v a l

. H o w e v e r

, w e n o t e t h a t i t i s t h e f a c il i t i e s ’ r e s p o n s i b i l i

t y u n d e r t h e s e p r o v i s i o n s t o

d e m o n s t r a

t e t o t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r t h a t t h e i r p r o p o s e d w o r k p r a c t i c e s a r e e q u i v a l e n t t o t h o s e

r e q u i r e d i n t h e f

i n a l r u l e

, a n d t h i s w o u l d i n c l ud e b e i n g e q u i v a l e n t i n t e r m s o f m a ss e m i ss i o n

r e du c t i o n s

.

C o m m e n t ( 214) : T h

r ee c o mm e n

t e r s ( 90

, 96

, 94 ) s t a

t e d t h a t i t w o u l d b e i n a

pp r o p r i a t e t o

c o n s i d e r t h e l ea d NAAQ S a s a n e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d b e c a u s e l ea d N A A Q S v a l u e s a r e a ff ec t e d b y

o t h e r s o u r ce s a n d b y b ac kg r o u n d l e a d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s r e qu e s t e d c o n f

i r m a t i o n

t h a t m o n i t o r e d NA A Q S e x cee d a n c e s w o u l d n o t c o n s t i t u t e a v i o l a t i o n o f t h e C A A t h a t c o u l d l e a d

t o c i v i l o r c r imi n a l l i a b il i t y u n d e r C A A §113

. C o m m e n t e r 94 s t a t e d t h a t i t w o u l d n o t b e

a pp r o p r i a t e t o i m

p o s e p e n a l

t i e s f o r e x cee d a n ce s o v e r 0

. 1 5 μ g /m 3 s i n ce t h e m o n i

t o r e d l e v e l i s n o t

i s o l a t e d t o e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e s ec o n d a r y l e a d

s m e l t e r ( a n d t h e a m

b i e n t l e v e l i s n o t a n e mi ss i o n s

s t a n d a r d )

. ” C o mm e n

t e r 96 n o t e d t h a t s e c t i o n 112 ( h ) o n l y a l l o w s f o r t h e E P A t o p r o m

u l g a t e a

w o r k p r a c t i ce

, d e s i g n

, o r e qu i p m e n t s t a n d a r d w h e r e “ i

t i s n o t f e a s i b l e

... t o p r e s c r i b e o r e n f o r ce

a n e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d

. ” T h e c o mm e n t e r n o t e s t h a t “ T h i s p r o v i s i o n w ou l d m a k e n o s e n s e i f

d e s i g n

, e q u i

p m e n t

, o r w o r k p r a c t i ce s t a n d a r d s w e r e a l r ea d y “ e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s

. ”

R e s p o n s e: W e h a v e r e m o v e d t h e l e a d c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n a i r m o n i

t o r i n g a l t e r n a t i v e f

r o m

t h i s r u l e

. W e a r e r e q u i

r i n g t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s r a t h e r t h a n p r o v i d i ng t h e a l t e r n a t i v e f

o r a m b i e n t

m o n i t o r i n g

. S i n ce w e a r e r e q u i r i n g t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s, d i ff e r e n t i a l p r e ss u r e m o n i

t o r i n g t o23

d e m o n s t r a

t e c o n t i n u o u s c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h t h e e n c l o s u r e r e q u i

r e m e n t

, a n d w o r k p r a c t i ce s t a n d a r d s

t o p r e v e n t f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s

, a m

b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g a t t h e f

e n c e l i n e i s n o t n ece s s a r y

. A m b i e n t

m o n i t o r i n g d a t a i s a l

r ea d y a v a i l a b l e f

r o m N A A Q S m o n i

t o r s n ea r s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s

. A s

n o t e d i n r e s p o n s e a t p a g e 1 5 a

b o v e

, t h o s e d a

t a s h o w t h a t f

a c il i t i e s w i t h t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s a n d w o r k

p r ac t i c e s li k e t h e o n e s b e i ng p r o m u l g a t e d i n t h i s r u l e a c h i e v e a m b i e n t l e a d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s w e ll

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E P A d i d p r o v i d e r i s k e s t im a t e s c o n s i d e r i ng M A C T a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s f r o m s t ac k s

, a n d i

t i s

p e r mi ss i b l e a n d r ea s o n a b l e t o d o s o

. F o r ca r c i n o g e n s

, i n f ac t

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r e t o a ss e ss w h e t h e r

“ s t a n d a r d s p r o m

u l g a t e d pu r s u a n

t t o s u b s ec t i o n ( d ) ” p o s e a d e s i g n a t e d m e a s u r e o f r i s k t o a m o s t

e x p o s e d i n d i v i du a l

, l a n gu a g e w h i c h c l ea r l y ca n b e r ea d t o a pp l y t o a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s ( i

. e

.

e mi ss i o n s a l l o w e d b y t h e s t a n d a r d s

– t h e s ub j e c t o f t h e r e v i e w )

. T h e s t a t u t o r y l a n gu a g e f

o r n o nca r c i n o g e n s i s l e ss s p e c i f i c b u t s t i l l r ea d il y a m e n a b l e t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s

( e s p e c i a ll y g i v e n n o i n d i ca t i o n t h a t C o n g r e ss i n t e nd e d a d i f

f e r e n t a pp r o ac h f o r ca r c i n o g e n s a n d

n o n

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.

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, t h e E P A d i s a g r e e s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t t h a t r e du c t i o n s i n f

u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s a r e li k e l y

s u f f i c i e n t t o s h o w p r e d i c t e d o ff

s i t e l e a d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s b e l o w t h e l ea d p r im a r y N A A Q S

.27

A l t h o ug h t h i s m a y b e t h e ca s e f o r m o s t f a c il i t i e s i n t h e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y

, i t i s n o t t h e ca s e f

o r a l l

f a c il i t i e s i n t h e s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

. A s n o t e d i n t h e p r e a m b l e

, t h e r e w a s a f

a c i l i t y t h a t w a s

e s t im a t e d t o h a v e l e a d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a b o u t t h r ee ti m e s t h e N A A Q S f

o r l ea d b a s e d o n ac t u a l

s t ac k e mi ss i o n s o n l y

. S ee 76 F R 29052 . T h u s

, f o r t h i s f a c il i t y

, r e du c t i o n s b e y

o n d t h o s e i n

f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s w ou l d c l e a r l y b e n ee d e d t o ac h i e v e ac c e p t a b l e r i s k f r o m l ea d e mi ss i o n s

.

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, w e n o t e t h a t c o n t r o l s t h a t r e s u l

t i n r e d u c t i o n s i n l e a d e mi ss i o n s w ou l d a l s o d ec r ea s e

t h e e mi s s i o n s o f o t h e r H A P m e t a l s

. A s a r e s u l t

, a t s o m e f

a c il i t i e s w e w o u l d a n

t i c i p a t e t h a t t h e s e

c o n t r o l s w ou l d a l s o r e s u l

t i n r e du ce d ca n ce r a n d a c u t e r i s k f r o m m e t a l s

.

W e h a v e d i s c u ss e d t h e u s e o f b o t h a l l o w a b l e a n d a c t u a l e m i ss i o n s i n p r e v i o u s ac t i o n s

,

i n c l u d i ng t h e f

i n a l C o k e O v e n B a tt e r i e s r e s i du a l r i s k r u l e ( 70 F R 19998

- 19999

, A p r il 15

, 2005 )

a n d i n t h e p r o p o s e d a n d f i n a l H a za r d o u s O r g a n i c N E S H A P ( HON ) r e s i du a l r i s k r u l e s ( 71 F R

34428

, J u n e 14

, 2006

, a n d 71 F R 76603

, D ece m b e r 21

, 2006

, r e s p ec t i v e l y )

. I n t h o s e p r e v i o u s

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. e

., t h e h i g h e s t e mi ss i o n

l e v e l s t h a t c o u l d b e e m i

tt e d w h il e s t i l l c o m

p l y i ng w i t h t h e N E S H A P r e q u i

r e m e n t s ) i s i nh e r e n

t l y

r ea s o n a b l e s i n ce t h e y r e f

l e c t t h e m a x i m

u m l e v e l s o u r ce s c o u l d e m i t a n d s t i l l c o m

p l y w i t h

n a t i o n a l e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s

. B u t w e a l s o e x p l a i n e d t h a t i

t i s r ea s o n a b l e t o c o n s i d e r ac t u a l

e mi ss i o n s

, w h e r e s u c h d a t a a r e a v a il a b l e

, i n b o t h s t e p s o f t h e r i s k a n a l y s i s

, i n acc o r d a n c e w i t h

t h e B e n z e n e N E S H A P

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m e t a l H A P d o e s n o t s a

t i s f y t h e C A A ’ s r i s k a n d t ec h n o l og y r e v i e w p r o v i s i o n s . T h e c o mm e n t e r

s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A r e li e d o n p r ac t i c e s a n d t ec h n o l o g i e s t h a t a r e o u t o f d a t e

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r

s t a t e d t h a t “ C A A S ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 )( A )

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l e ss t h a n 1

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e m i t t i n g t h a t p o l l

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p r ac t i c e s a n d t ec h n o l og i e s t h a t a r e o u t o f d a t e

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u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

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e mi ss i o n s l im i

t f o r l ea d a d o p t e d i n t h i s f

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e q u i pp e d w i t h H E P A f

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o p e r a t i o n o f t h e f

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, w e d i d n o t b e li e v e t h e d a t a s e t w a rr a n t e d

e s t a b li s h i ng a n e mi ss i o n s s t a n d a r d l o w e r t h a n 0

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.

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.

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i c a n t r e du c t i o n s b e y

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,

w e e v a l u a t e d a n a d d i

t i o n a l p o li s h i ng c o n

t r o l d e v i c e

, a w e t e l ec t r o s t a t i c p r e c i p i t a t o r

. T h i s

t ec hn o l og y c ou l d a c h i e v e m e t a l H A P r e du c t i o n s o f a b o u t 19

. 2 t o n s p e r y e a r ( i

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t o n s o f m e t a l H A P )

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, $2

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d e m a n d

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t y g e n e r a t i o n ( w i

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, p o o r

c o s t e ff ec t i v e n e s s

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r e f u r t h e r r e du c t i o n s u n d e r s e c t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r i s mi s t a k e n t h a t s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 ) r e q u i r e s E P A t o r e du ce m a x i m u m

l i f e t im e c a n ce r r i s k t o b e l o w 1

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t

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t e d i n t h e B e n z e n e N E S H A P

, i n d e t e r mi n i ng t h e n ee d29

f o r r e s i du a l r i s k s t a n d a r d s

, w e s t r i v e t o li m i t t o n o h i g h e r t h a n a

pp r o x im a t e l y 1

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( 100 i n a m ill i o n ) t h e e s t im a t e d ca n ce r r i s k t h a t a p e r s o n li v i ng n ea r a p l a n t w o u l d h a v e i f h e o r

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, t o p r o t e c t t h e g r ea t e s t n u m b e r o f p e r s o n s p o s s i b l e t o a n i n d i v i d u a l l i f e t im e

r i s k l e v e l o f n o h i g h e r t h a n a pp r o x im a t e l y 1

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. A s n o t e d i n t h e p r o p o s a l p r e a m

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,

ac t u a l e m i ss i o n s f

r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y w e r e e s t im a t e d t o r e s u l t i n a c a n ce r r i s k a s h i g h a s 50-

i n

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, b e l o w t h e 100

- i n

- 1 m ill i o n t h r e s h o l d i d e n

t i f i e d i n t h e b e n ze n e N E S H A P

. S ee 7 6

F R a t 29052

, T a

b l e 3

. W e t h e r e f

o r e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e i n h a l a t i o n r i s k du e t o a c t u a l e m i ss i o n s

f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y w a s acce p t a b l e

. S ee 76 F R a t 29055 / 1

. W e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e

o v e r a l l r i s k du e t o a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s w a s

, h o w e v e r

, u n ac c e p t a b l e

, a n d w e p r o p o s e d a r e v i s e d

s t a n d a r d t h a t w o u l d r e du ce t h e M I R du e t o a l l o w a b l e e m i s s i o n s t o acce p t a b l e l e v e l s . T h e

p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d a l s o r e du ce d t h e M I R du e t o a c t u a l e m i s s i o n s f r o m 50

- i n

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mil l i o n

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p l e m a r g i n

o f s a f e t y f o r pub li c h ea l

t h t a k i n g i n

t o ac c o u n t c o s t a n d f

ea s i b il i t y

. S ee 76 F R a t 2905 7

. H o w e v e r

,

w e d i d n o t i d e n

t i f y a n y f u r t h e r f ea s i b l e a n d c o s t

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t r o l s

, a n d w e t h e r e f

o r e c o n c l ud e d

t h a t t h e r e v i s i o n s p r o p o s e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 ) w i l l p r o v i d e a n a m

p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y w i t h

r e g a r d t o l ea d e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

. W e r e m o d e l e d t h e s o u r ce ca t e g o r y a f t e r t h e

p r o p o s a l t o i n c o r

po r a t e pub li c c o mm e n

t s r e g a r d i n g e mi s s i o n s

, b o u n d a r y a n d o t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n

r e l e v a n t t o p e r f o r mi ng a r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t

. T h e r e s u l t s e s t im a t e t h e s a m e b a s e li n e i nh a l a t i o n

ca n ce r r i s k s b a s e d o n ac t u a l e mi ss i o n s ( 50 i n a m ill i o n ) a l t h o ug h t h e M I R f

a c il i t y h a s c h a n g e d

.

P o s t

- c o n t r o l w e n o w e s t im a t e t h a t M I R t o b e 7 i n a m ill i o n ( i

. e . s li g h t l y l e ss t h a n e s t im a t e d r i s k

a t p r o p o s a l )

. S ee E P A

- HQ

- OA R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0036 a t p a g e 36

, s t a t i n g t h e p o s t

- c o n

t r o l ca n c e r

M I R w a s 10 i n b a s e d o n t h e p r o p o s a l r i s k a s s e ss m e n t a n d s ee R e s i dua l R i s k

A ss e ss m e n t f

o r t h e

S ec onda r y L e ad S m e lti ng Sou r

ce C a t e go r y

, w h i c h i s a v a i l a b l e i n

E P A

- HQ

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- 2011

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p a g e 35 f o r t h e p o s t

- c o n

t r o l r i s k r e s u l

t s f o r t h e f i n a l r u l e

. M o r e o v e r

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e b a s e l i n e

M I R du e t o a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s r e m a i n s 200 i n a mil l i o n a n d w i l l b e r e du ce d t o acce p t a b l e

l e v e l s a f t e r c o n t r o l s

. We p e r f

o r m e d a n a m

p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y a n a l y s i s t o d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r

a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s a r e w a rr a n

t e d c o n s i d e r i n g c o s t a n d t ec hn i c a l f e a s i b il i t y

. W e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d

t h a t t h e c o n

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W E SP

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s ub m i tt e d b y R S R i n e s t im a t i n g t h e po t e n t i a l c o s t t o t h e i n du s t r y o f i n s t a l l i ng W E SP s

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u c h s m a l l e r a r ea t h a n m a n y o f t h e

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y L e ad S m e lti ng Sou r

ce C a t e go ry

,

a v a i l a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t

. T h e l o w e r e d s t ac k e mi ss i o n l im i t w i l l e n s u r e t h a t u n acce p t a b l e r i s k f r o m

s t ac k s i s e l im i n a t e d a n d w e h a v e f i n a l i ze d r e q u i

r e m e n t s t o s i g n i f

i c a n t l y r e du ce f

u g i t i v e

e mi ss i o n s ( t h e d o mi n a n

t c o n t r i b u t o r t o r i s k f

r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

) f r o m s e c o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s t h r o ug h t h e i m

p l e m e n t a t i o n o f f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n w o r k p r a c t i c e s

, m a n y o f w h i c h a r e

i n c l ud e d i n S C A Q M D 1420

. 1

, a n d t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s m a i n t a i n e d u n d e r n e g a t i v e p r e ss u r e a n d

v e n t e d t o a c o n

t r o l d e v i ce

.

C o m m e n t ( 238

, 239 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 a r gu e d t h a t a n y s t a n d a r d s e t u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )

,

i n c l u d i ng t h o s e s e t u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

, m u s t m ee t t h e r e qu i

r e m e n t s o f s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 )

r e q u i r i n g s t a n d a r d s t o r e f

l ec t t h e m a x i m

u m a c h i e v a

b l e d e g r ee o f e m i s s i o n r e du c t i o n

. B y t h i s

l og i c

, t h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A h a s n o j u s t i f i ca t i o n f o r f a il i ng t o r ec a l c u l a t e t h e M A C T

f l oo r f o r l ea d b a s e d o n n e w t ec h n o l og i e s . T h e c o m m e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A t h e r e f

o r e m u s t s e t

t h e s t a n d a r d f

o r e x i s t i n g s o u r ce s a t t h e a v e r a g e e m i ss i o n l e v e l a c h i e v e d b y t h e b e s t p e r f o r mi ng 5

s o u r ce s

, a n d a t t h e l e v e l a c h i e v e d b y t h e b e s t c o n t r o ll e d s im il a r s o u r ce f

o r n e w s o u r ce s

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ca n n o t r e l y o n t h e HON ca s e t o e v a d e i t s du t y t o

s a t i s f y s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r

,

E P A i s r i g h

t t h a t t h e HON d e c i s i o n s t a t e d t h a t i t d i d “ n o t t h i n

k t h e w o r d s ‘ r e v i e w

,

a n d r e v i s e a s n ec e ss a r y ’ ” r e q u i r e d E P A t o r ec a l c u l a t e t h e f

l oo r s “ f r o m s c r a t c h ” i n

t h a t ca s e

. N

R D C v . E PA

, 52 9 F

. 3d a

t 1084

. T h e c o u r

t e x p l a i n e d t h a t t h e r e w a s n o

n ee d t o a dd r e ss w h e t h e r E P A h a d s a t i s f i e d s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

, a n d t h a t “ w e do n o t34

h a v e t o d e c i d e t h i s qu e s t i o n s b e ca u s e i n i t s f i n a l r u l e , E P A s qu a r e l y f

ou n d t h a t

t h e r e w e r e n o s i g n i f

i ca n t d e v e l op m e n

t s i n p r ac t i c e s

, p r o ce ss e s a n d c o n t r o l

t ec hn o l og i e s

, a n d p e t i

t i o n e r s d o n o t c h a ll e n g e t h i s c o n c l u s i o n

. ”

A s n o t e d

, t h e r e a r e s u c h “ d e v e l op m e n t s ” f o r t h i s s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y . T h e r e f

o r e

,

E P A ca n n o t r e l y o n t h e HON ca s e t o e v a d e i t s d u t y t o s a t i s f y s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

.

E v e n u n d e r N

R DC

– a ss u m i ng a r

gu e ndo t h a t i

t s s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) h o l d i n g i s i n

a n y w a y r e l e v a n

t h e r e

– s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) r e qu i r e s E P A t o r eca l c u l a t e t h e M A C T

f l oo r w h e n t h e r e h a v e b e e n a d v a n c e s i n t ec h n o l o g y

, p r ac t i c e s

, a n d p r o ce ss e s

, a n d

w h e n t h e r e i s i n f

o r m a t i o n s h o w i n g t h a t g r e a

t e r e m i s s i o n r e du c t i o n s h a v e b e e n

“ a c t u a ll y a c h i e v e d

. ” C o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d t h a t

, b a s e d o n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n E P A h a s

,

i t i s t h e r e f o r e “ n e ce s s a r y ” f

o r E P A t o s t r e n g t h e n t h e e x i s t i n g M A C T f l oo r t o

e n s u r e i t n o w c o m

p l i e s w i t h s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 )

- ( 3 )

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r a r gu e s t h a t s i n ce t h e E P A m u s t s e t n e w M A C T f

l oo r s b a s e d o n

d e v e l op m e n

t s i n t ec h n o l og i e s

, p r ac t i c e s

, a n d p r o ce ss e s

, i t m a y n o t c o n s i d e r c o s t i n s e t t i n g t h e

n e w M A C T s t a n d a r d f

o r l e a d

.

R e s p o n se : F i

r s t , E P A d e t e r mi n e d l o n g a g o t h a t s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) d o e s n o t r e qu i r e

M A C T f l oo r s t o b e r ec a l c u l a t e d

, a n d w h y E P A ’ s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h a t n o f

u r t h e r f l oo r a n a l y s i s i s

r e q u i r e d w a s r ea s o n a b l e

. S ee 70 F R a t 2000 8 ( A

p r i l 15

, 2005 )

. E P A i s n o t r e o p e n i n g t h a t i s s u e

h e r e

, o r o t h e r w i s e r ec o n s i d e r i n g i t s i n t e r p r e t a t i o n

. T h u s

, t h i s c o mm e n

t i s c o n s i d e r a b l y o u t o f

t im e

. M o r e o v e r

, t h e a r g u m e n t w a s s o u n d l y r e

j ec t e d b y t h e D

. C

. C i

r c u i t i n t h e HON o p i

n i o n

.

S ee 529 F

. 3 d a t 1084 (“ I t i s a r gu e d t h a t E P A w a s o b li g e d t o c o m p l e t e l y r e ca l c u l a t e t h e

m a x i m u m ac h i e v a b l e c o n

t r o l t ec h n o l og y

- i n o t h e r w o r d s, t o s t a r t f r o m s c r a t c h

. W e d o n o t t h i n k

t h e w o r d s " r e v i e w

, a n d r e v i s e a s n ece s s a r y " c a n b e c o n s t r u e d r ea s o n a b l y a s im p o s i ng a n y s u c h

o b li g a t i o n

. ” ). W e t h

u s d i s a g r ee w i

t h t h e a ss e r t i o n t h a t t h e HON C o u r t ’ s r u li ng t h a t C AA s e c t i o n

112 ( d )( 6 ) d o e s n o t r e qu i

r e r e

- c a l c u l a t i o n o f

M A C T f l oo r s w a s l im i

t e d t o i n s t a n ce s i n w h i c h t h e r e

h a v e n o t b e e n d e v e l op m e n t s i n p r ac t i ce s

, p r o ce ss e s

, o r c o n t r o l t ec h n o l og i e s

. I n f

a c t

, t h e C o u r

t

w a s q u i t e c l ea r o n t h i s p o i n

t

, a n d d e c li n e d t o r u l e on l y o n w h e t h e r i t w a s a pp r o p r i a t e f

o r t h e E P A

t o c o n s i d e r c o s t s a n d r i s k s i n c o n du c t i n g C A A s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) r e v i e w s

, a s t h e i ss u e w a s

r e n d e r e d m o o t b y t h e l i

t i g a n t s ’ f a i l u r e t o p r e s e r v e i t

.35

T o t h e e x t e n

t t h a t t h e c o mm e n

t e r i s a r g u i n g m o r e g e n e r a ll y t h a t s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) ( 2 ) i s

t ec hn o l og y

- f

o r c i n g a n d t h e r e f

o r e d i c t a t e s t h a t E P A m

u s t r e v i s e M A C T s t a n d a r d s t o r e f l ec t n e w

t ec hn o l og i c a l d e v e l op m e n t s

, s ee r e s p o n s e s o n p a g e s 29

- 31 a b o v e

.

C o m m e n t ( 240 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d f o r l ea d a n d o t h e r

m e t a l H A P s pu r s u a n

t t o t h e t ec hn o l og y r e v i e w i s a rb i t r a r y a n d ca

p r i c i ou s f o r t h r ee r ea s o n s

.

F i r s t

, t h e E P A f

a i l s t o d i s c u s s c o n

t r o l s r e q u i

r e d b y t h e S o u

t h C o a s t A i

r Q u a l i t y M a n a g e m e n

t

D i s t r i c t ( S C A Q M D ) a n d c o m p a r e t h e m t o i

t s p r o p o s e d r u l e . T h e c o mm e n t e r a r gu e s t h a t s u c h a n

o mi ss i o n v i o l a t e s t h e E P A ’ s r e q u i r e m e n t s u n d e r s e c t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. S ec o n d

, t h e E P A p r o v i d e s n o

e x p l a n a t i o n f

o r n o t c o n s i d e r i n g r e du c t i o n s a c h i e v a b l e b y t h e u s e o f H E P A f i l t e r s d o w n s t r ea m o f

b a g h o u s e s . T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e DH E Q p e r m i t f o r J o h n s o n C o n t r o l s m a n d a t e s u s e o f

H E P A f i l t e r s w h i c h d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e i r f e a s i b il i t y . T h i r d

, t h e c o mm e n

t e r a r gu e s t h a t t h e E P A

d o e s n o t p r o v i d e a r a t i o n a l e f o r p r o p o s i n g a s t a n d a r d a t a l e v e l w h e r e a l m o s t a l l f a c il i t i e s h a v e

ac h i e v e d i

t

, r a t h e r t h a n s e t a t a l o w e r l e v e l o f p o ll u t i o n t h a t i s “ a c h i e v a b l e ” . T h e c o mm e n t e r

s t a t e d t h a t “ I m

p l i c i t l y , E P A s ugg e s t s t h a t i

t c h o s e t h e p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d b eca u s e i t h a pp e n e d t o

m a t c h t h e p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d i t d e v e l o p e d u n d e r t h e r e s i du a l r i s k a n a l y s i s

. ”

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s c o n t e n d t h a t “ E P A ’ s p r o ff

e r e d j u s t i f

i ca t i o n s s h o w t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d

s t a n d a r d i s a r b i

t r a r y a n d ca

p r i c i o u s . T h e y f

a i l t o c o m p o r t w i t h t h e t ec hn o l og y

- f

o r c i n g a s p e c t o f

t h e A c t a n d o f t h e M A C T. T h e y r e n d e r t h e s t a n d a r d a m o s t l y e m p t y f o r m a l i t y s i n ce a l m o s t a l l

f a c il i t i e s a n d s t ac k s a r e a l

r ea d y m ee t i n g t h e s t a n d a r d s

. ”

R e s p o n se : A s n o t e d a

b o v e

, w e d i d e v a l u a t e t h e c o n t r o l s r e q u i

r e d i n S C A Q M D 1420

. 1

.

F o r e x a m p l e

, w e e v a l u a t e d a s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r l e a d e mi ss i o n s l im i t b a s e d o n t h e W E SP

t ec hn o l og y im

p l e m e n t e d a t t h e Q u e m e t c o f

a c il i t y i n C i t y o f I n du s t r y

, C a l i f

o r n i a

. S ee 76 F R

29058 a n d p a g e s 29

- 31 a

b o v e

. W e a l s o e v a l u a t e d a n d u l t im a t e l y p r o p o s e d t o r e q u i r e t o t a l

e n c l o s u r e s f

o r t h e s a m e p r o ce ss a n d p r o ce ss f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s s o u r ce s li s t e d i n S C A Q M D

1420

. 1

. S ee 76 F R a

t 2907 2

. F u r

t h e r m o r e

, s e v e r a l o f o u r p r o p o s e d f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n w o r k

p r ac t i c e s

, t h o ug h n o t i d e n t i ca l t o

, a r e v e r y

s imi l a r i n n a t u r e t o t h o s e li s t e d i n S C A Q M D 1420

. 1

.

W e h a v e e x

p l a i n e d a t p a g e s 29

- 31 a

b o v e w h y f

u r t h e r s t ac k c o n

t r o l s o n l ea d e mi ss i o n s a r e n o t

n e c e s s a r y u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

, a n d w h y f u r t h e r c o n

t r o l s o n f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s ( b e y

o n d t h o s e

b a s e d o n t o t a l e n c l o s u r e o f a ll l ea d

- b a s e d m a t e r i a l s ) i s a l s o n o t n ece s s a r y

. W i t h r e g a r d t o H E P A

f i l t e r s

, t h e E P A d i d c o n s i d e r w h e t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t r e du c t i o n s i n e m i ss i o n s w e r e d e m o n s t r a t e d b y

u s e o f t h i s t ec hn o l og y a n d d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e m o s t s i g n i f i ca n t f ac t o r s i n f l u e n c i ng r e du ce d l e a d36

e mi ss i o n s i n t h i s i ndu s t r y w e r e n o t t h e u s e o f H E P A f i l t e r s

. S ee Su mm a r

y o f t h e T ec hno l og y

R ev i e w f o r t h e S ec onda r

y L e ad S m e lti ng Sou r

ce C a t e go ry

, a t p a g e 5

. W e d i d n o t b e li e v e t h a t

t h e d a t a w a rr a n

t e d a n e mi ss i o n s s t a n d a r d b a s e d o n t h e t ec h n o l og y

. W h i l e t h e l e a d

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f r o m s t ac k s e q u i

p p e d w i t h H E P A f

i l t e r s w e r e a

b o u t 2 0 % l o w e r t h a n t h o s e

w i t h o u t

, t h e e x i s t e n ce o f t h e H E P A f i l t e r w a s n o t t h e l o n e v a r i a b l e i n f l u e n c i n g t h e d i f

f e r e n ce i n

c o n c e n t r a t i o n

. O t h e r f

ac t o r s s u c h a s a g e o f t h e p r im a r y c o n t r o l d e v i c e

, t y

p e o f p r o ce ss v e n

t e d t o

t h e e mi s s i o n p o i n

t

, a n d f l o w r a t e s li k e l y c o n

t r i b u t e d s i g n i f i ca n t l y t o t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f l ea d

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s f r o m t h e s t ac k s

. A d d i

t i o n a ll y

, H E P A f

i l t e r s a r e o n l y a

p p l i c a b l e t o s o m e s o u r ce s

w h e r e h i g h e x h a

u s t t e m p e r a t u r e o r h i g h p a r t i c u l a t e l o a d i n g w il l n o t i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e p r o p e r

o p e r a t i o n o f t h e f

i l t e r

. B eca u s e o f t h e s e r ea s o n s

, w e d i d n o t b e li e v e t h e d a t a s e t w a rr a n t e d

e s t a b li s h i ng a n e mi ss i o n s s t a n d a r d l o w e r t h a n 0

. 20 m g / d s c m b a s e d o n t h e u s e o f a H E P A f i l t e r

.

S ee Su mm a r

y o f t h e T ec hno l og y R ev i e w f

o r t h e S e c onda r

y L e ad S m e lti ng Sou r

ce C a t e go ry

,

a v a i l a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t

.

W e d i s a g r ee w i

t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t t h e E P A f

a il e d t o p r o v i d e a r a t i o n a l e f o r t h e l ea d

e mi ss i o n s s t a n d a r d p r o p o s e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. S e c t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) r e qu i r e s t h e E P A

, i n

r e v i e w i ng s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 ) s t a n d a r d s a n d d e t e r m i n i ng w h e t h e r i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o r e v i s e t h e m

, t o

e v a l u a t e d e v e l op m e n

t s i n p r ac t i ce s

, p r o ce ss e s

, a n d c o n t r o l t ec h n o l og i e s . T h e d a t a p r e s e n t e d i n

t h e t ec hn i c a l d o c u m e n

t d e s c r i b i ng t h e t ec h n o l og y r e v i e w f o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y c l ea r l y

d e m o n s t r a

t e s t h a t a d v a n c e s i n f

a b r i c f i l t r a t i o n h a v e a l l o w e d s o u r ce s i n t h i s i ndu s t r y t o ac h i e v e

l ea d e m i ss i o n s f

a r b e l o w t h e li m i

t s e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e 1997 N E S H A P . T h e d a t a c o ll ec t e d f r o m

i ndu s t r y i n I CR r e s p o n s e s d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t t h e a v e r a g e l ea d c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n s t ac k s w a s 0

. 16

m g / d s c m

, f

a r b e l o w t h e 2

. 0 m

g / d s c m l e v e l p r e s c r i b e d i n t h e 1997 N E S H A P

. S ee Su mm a r y o f t h e

T ec hno l og y R ev i e w f

o r t h e S ec onda r

y L e ad S m e lt i ng Sou r

ce C a t e go ry

, a t p a g e 7

, a v a il a b l e i n t h e

d o c k e t

. T o t h a t e n d

, w e h a v e p r o p o s e d t o r e v i s e t h e l ea d e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d f o r t h i s s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y t o r e f

l ec t t h o s e d e v e l op m e n

t s . T h e p r o p o s e d l ea d e m i ss i o n s s t a n d a r d w a s n o t c h o s e n

b e c a u s e “ m o s t s t ac k s a r e m ee t i n g t h e s t a n d a r d s a l r ea d y ”

, b u t r a

t h e r b eca u s e w e d e t e r mi n e d i

t t o

r e p r e s e n t a l e a d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n a c h i e v a b l e b y w e ll

- p e r f o r mi ng f a b r i c f i l t e r s

. I m p o r t a n t f ac t o r s

t h a t i n f l u e n ce d t h e o u

t l e t c o n ce n

t r a t i o n a c h i e v e d b y f

a b r i c f i l t e r s w e r e t h e t y

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u l g a t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 ) e n s u r e s t h a t t h e r i s k du e t o

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c o m p l y i ng w i t h t h e N E S H A P r e q u i

r e m e n t s ) i s i nh e r e n

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p e r f o r mi ng f a c il i t i e s ) o f s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( 3 )

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u l g a t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) ( 6 ) w a s a r e s u l t o f t h e t ec h n o l og y

r e v i e w c o n du c t e d f

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f o r f a b r i c f i l t r a t i o n

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, b u t

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t w a s n o t c o s t e f

f e c t i v e

, 76 F R a t 29059

- 60

, a n d h a s n e g a t i v e e n e r g y

i m p l i ca t i o n s

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c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f l e ss t h a n 0

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i n c l ud e e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d s f o r l ea d a n d o t h e r H A P t h a t r e f l ec t t h e b e s t c o n

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.

W e b e l i e v e t h a t i

t i s h i g h l y u n li k e l y t h a t f

a c il i t i e s w i l l s im

p l y d i r ec t a dd i t i o n a l a i r f l o w

t h r o ug h t h e “ c l e a n e r ” p r o ce ss v e n t s i n o r d e r t o o ff

s e t h i g h e r c o n ce n

t r a t i o n s f r o m t h e “ d i r t i e r ”

p r o ce ss v e n

t s b eca u s e r e r o u t i n g t h e s e p r o ce ss e s a nd m od i f y i ng t h e c o n

t r o l d e v i c e s c o u l d r e q u i

r e

s i g n i f i c a n t i nv e s t m e n

t s

. A d d i t i o n a ll y

, f a c il i t i e s w ou l d b e r e q u i

r e d t o m od i f

y t h e i r T i t l e V

p e r m i t s

, i t i s un l i k e l y t h a t t h e i

r p e r m i tt i n g a g e n c i e s w o u l d a l l o w f o r s u c h m od i f

i ca t i o n s w h e n t h e

i n t e n t i o n w o u l d c l ea r l y b e t o f l o u t t h e i n

t e n t i o n o f a n e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d

.

C o m m e n t ( 233 ): C o mm e n t e r 9 8 n o t e d t h a t t h e v a s t m a j o r i t y o f s t ac k s a r e a l

r ea d y

m ee t i n g t h e p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d f o r l ea d . T h e c o mm e n

t e r a l s o n o t e s t h a t e v e n t h e

a v e r a g e l ea d e m i ss i o n s f

r o m a ll s o u r ce s

, w h i c h d i s t o r t s t h e r e p r e s e n

t a t i o n o f w h a t m o s t f

a c il i t i e s

a r e ac h i e v i ng

, s t a n d s b e l o w t h e p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d

. T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e

d a t a d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e e mi s s i o n s t a n d a r d ca n b e l o w e r e d

, t a k i n g f ea s i b il i t y a n d c o s t i n

t o

acc o u n t

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R e s p o n se : T h e e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d f o r l ea d r e p r e s e n

t s a l e v e l t h a t w e d e t e r mi n e d i s

ac h i e v a b l e b y a w e ll

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, w h i c h i s t h e m a i n t e c h n o l og y w e i d e n t i f i e d t h a t i s

c u rr e n t l y u s e d b y t h i s i n d

u s t r y

. W e e v a l u a t e d p r o p o s i n g a l o w e r e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d b a s e d o n t h e

W E SP t ec hn o l og y

, b u t d e t e r mi n e d t h a t i t w a s n o t a

pp r o p r i a t e w h e n c o n s i d e r i ng c o s t

. T h e r e f o r e

,41

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t e d a v e r a g e l ea d c o n c e n

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t ec hn o l og y im

p l e m e n t e d b y t h i s i n d

u s t r y ( i

. e

., a n e w

, w e ll o p e r a t e d a n d m a i n t a i n e d b a g h o u s e )

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C o m m e n t ( 242 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t t h e d a t a s up p o r

t a l o w e r s t a n d a r d f

o r l ea d

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r o m t h e r e q u i

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R e s p o n se : W e a g r ee t h a t t h e a v e r a g e l ea d c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n s t ac k s t h a t o n l y c o n t a i n v e n t s

f r o m b u il d i n g s i s l o w e r t h a n t h e p r o ce ss v e n t s t ac k s

. T h e s e v e n

t s a r e e x p ec t e d t o h a v e l o w e r

l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s b eca

u s e t h e i n l e t l e a d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n i s f

a r l o w e r f r o m b u i l d i ng s o u r ce s t h a n

f r o m p r o ce ss s o u r ce s

. F u r t h e r m o r e

, o u r a n a l y s i s i n d i ca t e s t h a t b u il d i n g v e n t s a r e t h e s o u r ce s

m o s t a m e n a b l e t o t h e a d d i t i o n o f H E P A f

i l t r a t i o n . T h e E P A c o n s i d e r e d e s t a b l i s h i ng s ubca t e g o r i e s f

o r t h e l ea d e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d

. H o w e v e r

, t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f v e n

t s

t h a t w o u l d n ee d t o b e c o n s i d e r e d

. F u r t h e r m o r e

, e a c h f

a c i l i t y c o m b i n e s t h e s e p r o ce ss v e n

t s i n

d i ff e r e n t w a y s

, l im i

t i ng t h e i n f

o r m a t i o n a v a il a b l e fr o m a n y i n d i v i d u a l s o u r ce t y

p e . T h e r e f

o r e

,

w e a d o p t e d a f

l o w w e i g h

t e d a v e r a g e l im i

t t h a t t a k e s i n

t o acc o u n t a ll t y p e s o f s o u r ce s

, a d d i n g

c o m p l i a n ce f l e x i b il i t y f o r t h e s a m e e mi ss i o n r e du c t i o n s

, a n d m a k i ng i t un n ec e ss a r y t o a d o p t a

s e p a r a t e e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d f o r eac h t y p e o f v e n t

.

C o m m e n t ( 60

, 154 ) : T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 90

, 93 ) a g r ee d w i

t h t h e E P A ’ s c o n c l u s i o n s w i t h

r e s p ec t t o t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e W E SP t ec h n o l og y

.

R e s p o n se : W e ac k n o w l e dg e t h e c o mm e n t e r s ’ s u p p o r t

.

C o m m e n t ( 129) : T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 92

, 80 ) s uppo r t e d t h e E P A ’ s f a c il i t y

- w i d e f l o w

w e i g h t e d e mi ss i o n s l im i

t f o r l ea d

.

R e s p o n se : W e ac k n o w l e dg e t h e c o mm e n t e r s ’ s u p p o r t

.

b. T o t a l H y d r o c a r bon s ( T H C ) and D i o x i n s and F

u r an s ( D / F )

C o m m e n t ( 136) : C o mm e n t e r 92 f u l l y s upp o r t s t h e w o r k p r a c t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t t o s e p a r a t e

p l a s t i c s e n

t e r i n g t h e f

u r n ace . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s ugg e s t e d i n c l u d i ng a p r o ce du r e t o c o r r e l a t e t h e

a pp r o x im a t e p l a s t i c s e p a r a t i o n w i t h t h e s t ac k t e s t r e s u l

t s f o r o r g a n i c H A P a n d d i o x i n a n d f u r a n s

.42

T h e c h r o mi u m e l e c t r o p l a t i n g N E S H A P w a s g i v e n a s a n e x a m p l e r e g u l a t i o n t h a t t i e d a n

o p e r a t i n g p a r a m e t e r t o p e r f

o r m a n c e t e s t i n g

.

R e s p o n se : W e n o t e t h a t w e h a v e m od i f i e d t h e p r op o s e d p l a s t i c s s e p a r a t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t

t o a pp l y t o a u t o m o t i v e b a tt e r i e s

. W e a g r ee w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t i t ca n b e u s e f

u l t o t i e

p e r f o r m a n c e t e s t i n g r e s u l

t s t o a n o p e r a

t i n g p a r a m e t e r t h a t ca n b e c o n t i n u o u s l y m o n i

t o r e d

. T h a t i s

w h y w e h a v e i n c l ud e d e x h a u s t t e m p e r a t u r e m o n i

t o r i n g t o d e m o n s t r a t e c o n t i n u o u s c o m p l i a n c e

w i t h t h e s t a n d a r d s f

o r T H C a n d d i o x i n s

. W h il e p l a s t i c s a r e a s o u r ce o f o r g a n i c H A P i n f u r n a ce

e x h a u s t

, t h e y a r e n o t t h e o n l y s o u r ce

. T h e r e f o r e

, w e f e e l t h a t t e m

p e r a t u r e m o n i

t o r i n g i s t h e

a pp r o p r i a t e m e a s u r e f

o r d e m o n s t r a t i n g c o n

t i n u o u s c o m p l i a n ce r a t h e r t h a n m ea s u r e m e n t o f

p l a s t i c s s e p a r a t i o n e ff

ec t i v e n e ss

.

C o m m e n t ( 57

, 199 ) : C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 r e q u e s t e d t h a t t h e E P A c l a r i f y p r o p o s e d 4 0

C

. F

. R

. § 6 3

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( TE F ) f r o m t h e W o r l d H e a l

t h O r g a n i za t i o n ( W H O )

.

R e s p o n se : W e h a v e m a d e t h e c o mm e n t e r s ’ s ugg e s t e d r e v i s i o n t o t h e r e gu l a t o r y t e x t

.

C o m m e n t ( 57 ) : C o mm e n t e r 8 0 r e c o mm e n d e d t h a t t h e E P A s e t t h e d i o x i n a n d f u r a n

M A C T f l oo r f o r e x i s t i n g b l a s t f

u r n ace s b a s e d o n t h e d a t a f r o m t h e mi x e d s o u r ce s ( b l a s t f u r n ace

o f f

- g a s mi x e d w i

t h r e v e r b e r a t o r y f

u r n ace o f f

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.

R e s p o n se : W e d i d c o n s i d e r a s s i g n i ng a ll o f t h e D / F e mi ss i o n s f r o m t e s t s a

t f a c i l i t i e s

w h e r e t h e v e n

t s f r o m b l a s t f

u r n a c e s a r e mi x e d w i

t h t h e v e n t s f r o m r e v e rb e r a t o r y f

u r n ac e s a f

t e r

t h e s t r ea m s a r e c o o l e d ( w h e r e t h e r e v e r b e r a t o r y f u r n a c e i s n o t c o n

t r o l l i ng e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e

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u r n a c e i n o r d e r t o ca l c u l a t e M A C T f l oo r s f o r t h e b l a s t f

u r n ace

s ub ca t e g o r y

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t

e x i s t s r e g a r d l e ss o f f

u r n a c e t y p e )

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f r o m ea c h f

u r n a c e du r i n g t h e e mi ss i o n t e s t s ( w h i c h w a s n ec e ss a r y t o i n c o r po r a t e t h e s e d a t a i n

t o

t h e po o l o f d a t a u s e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e M A C T f l oo r )

, a n d w e r e t h e r e f

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r e l a t i v e c o n

t r i b u t i o n o f ea c h f

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C o m m e n t ( 142 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 3 s t a t e d t h a t n u m e r i c D / F s t a n d a r d s f

o r t h i s i n d

u s t r y

r e p r e s e n t a c o s t b u r d e n d i s p r o po r

t i o n a t e w i t h a n y p e r c e i v e d b e n e f

i t . T h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e s t h a t43

M e t h o d 23

, t h e r e f

e r e n ce m e t h o d f

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p l e t im e s

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t r i ca t e s a m

p l e r ec o v e r y a n d a n a l y

t i c a l p r o ce du r e s

. T h e

c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t a t y

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r e t h e e mi s s i o n t e s t t ea m t o b e o n

- s i t e f o r

o v e r t h r ee d a y s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d r ec o n s i d e r t h e im p o s i t i o n o f

n u m e r i c D / F s t a n d a r d s o n a ff ec t e d S ub p a r t X s o u r ce s.

R e s p o n se : F i

r s t , E P A i s l e g a ll y o b li g a t e d t o p r o m u l g a t e s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 ) s t a n d a r d s

f o r li s t e d H A P e m i

tt e d b y a m a

j o r s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y

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t i o n a l L i me

, 233 F

. 3d a

t 634

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d i s pu t e d t h a t s ec o n d a r y l ea d s o u r ce s e m i t C DD / C D F s

. S ec o n d

, t h i s s t a n d a r d m u s t b e n u m e r i c

un l e ss t h e c r i

t e r i a f o r e s t a b li s h i ng w o r k p r a c t i c e s u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( h ) a r e s a t i s f i e d

. N o

c o mm e n t e r a t t e m p t e d s u c h a j u s t i f

i c a t i o n f o r C D D s

, a n d

E P A i s n o t a w a r e o f a n y

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,

n o c o mm e n

t e r s ugg e s t e d a l e g i

t i m a t e s u r r o g a

t e f o r C DD s w h i c h c ou l d b e t e s t e d a t l e s s e x p e n s e

.

C o n s e qu e n

t l y , E P A b e l i e v e s t h a t s o m e t y p e o f n u m e r i c s t a n d a r d f

o r C DD / C D F i s l e g a ll y

r e q u i r e d

.

C o m m e n t ( 164

, 198 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 4 a n d 96 n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A h a s p r o p o s e d t o c h a n g e

t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f c o l l o ca t e d b l a s t f

u r n ace a n d r e v e r b e r a t o r y f u r n ace b y r e m o v i n g f

r o m t h e

s ub ca t e g o r y t h o s e b l a s t a n d r e v e r b e r a t o r y f u r n ac e s w h o s e g a s e s a r e n o t mi x e d p r i o r t o c o o li ng

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s n o t e d t h a t A BR a n d t h e E P A w o r k e d c o ll a b o r a t i

v e l y t o i d e n

t i f y a s u b s e t

o f i n du s t r y s t ac k s ac r o ss f ac i l i t i e s f o r e mi ss i o n t e s t i ng i n

t e n d e d t o i n f

o r m t h i s r u l e m a k i ng . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s c o n t e n d t h a t t h e E P A d i d n o t i n d i ca t e i n t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n c o ll ec t i o n p r o ce ss t h a t t h e

A g e n c y w a s c o n s i d e r i n g r e d e f i n i ng t h e c o l l o ca t e d b l a s t a n d r e v e rb e r a t o r y f u r n ace s u b ca t e g o r y

.

A s a r e s u l t o f t h i s c h a n g e i n a

pp r o ac h u n a n

t i c i p a t e d b y t h e c o mm e n

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a n d r e v e rb e r a t o r y f

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e mi ss i o n l im i

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i v e c o l l o c a t e d b l a s t a n d r e v e r b f u r n ace p a i

r s w e r e b a s e d

s o l e l y o n e mi ss i o n s t e s t d a t a f r o m a s i n g l e f a c il i t y

.

C o mm e n t e r 94 s t a t e d t h a t e s t a

b li s h i ng a d i o x i n a nd f

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r e v e r b e r a t o r y f

u r n a c e s b a s e d o n a

s i n g l e u n i

t i s i m p r o p e r b eca

u s e i t “ d o [ e s ] n o t r e p r e s e n

t t h e

a v e r a g e a c h i e v e d b y t h e b e s t

- p e r f o r mi ng s o u r ce s i n t h e s u b ca t e g o r y

. ”

. T h e c o mm e n t e r a l s o

n o t e s t h a t E x i d e a d v i s e d t h e E P A o n J u n e 15

, 2011 t h a t i

t i s i n t h e p r o ce ss o f c o o r d i n a t i n g s t ac k

t e s t i n g o n a c o l l o ca t e d b l a s t a n d r e v e r b e r a t o r y f u r n ace a t i

t s R ea d i n g

, P e n n s y l v a n i a f a c il i t y ;44

E x i d e e x p e c t s t h e d a t a t o b e a v a i l a b l e i n S e p t e m b e r

, 201 1

. T h e c o m

m e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e

E P A s h ou l d e n s u r e t h a t i

t a l l o w s f o r a d e qu a t e t im e t o acce p t a n d c o n s i d e r t h e p e n d i ng t e s t d a t a

f r o m R ea d i ng i n d e t e r mi n i ng t h e d i o x i n TE Q li m i

t f o r c o l l o c a t e d b l a s t a n d r e v e rb e r a t o r y

f u r n a ce s

.

R e s po n se : W e b e l i e v e t h a t o u r p r o p o s e d c h a n g e t o t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f c o l l o ca t e d b l a s t a n d

r e v e r b e r a t o r y f

u r n a c e i s a

pp r o p r i a t e

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t a i n t h a t d e s i g n a t i n g a b l a s t f u r n ace a n d

r e v e r b e r a t o r y f

u r n a c e a s “c o l l o ca t e d ” s h ou l d im p l y t h a t t h e m

u c h h o t t e r o f

f

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c o o l e r b l a s t f

u r n ace o ff

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t a i n t h e b e n ze n e N E S H A P d e c i s i o n

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. (I n d ee d

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u l t im a t e pu r

p o s e i s t o p r o t e c t a g a i n s t s u c h r i s k s

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. 76 F R a t 29050 / 3

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t h e e mi s s i o n s u s e d a s i n

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t o

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t e h i g h

a s i t w a s a t p r o p o s a l ( $105

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t a l im p a c t s i n t h e f

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, w e

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r e f u r t h e r c o n

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e t y

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- t h e

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o r

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t t o s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d m a k e s i t u n n ece s s a r y t o h a v e f

u r t h e r c o n

t r o l u n d e r

s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. T h e E P A a l s o d i s a g r e e s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t s u c h f

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, a r e i rr e l e v a n t i n m a k i ng d e t e r mi n a t i o n s u n d e r s ec t i o n

112 ( d )( 6 )

. T ec hn o l og i e s w i t h u l t im a t e a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p l i ca t i o n s d o n o t h a v e t o b e

r e g a r d e d a s ‘ b e s t ’ o r ‘ m a x im u m ’

. S ee E ss e x C h e m c i a l C o r p

. v

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, 48 6 F

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, 43 9 ( D

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, 486 F

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, 38 5 n

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. 1973 )

.

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u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 2 ) m a k e s i t r ea s o n a b l e t o r e v i e w t h o s e r e q u i r e m e n t s w h e n c o n du c t i n g

f u r t h e r a n a l y s i s pu r s u a n

t t o s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

. A d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l im p l i ca t i o n s o f a d d i

t i o n a l

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.

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a i l e d t o ca rr y o u

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t h a t “ [ n ] o c h a n g e s a r e b e i ng c o n s i d e r e d i n t h i s ac t i o n f o r t h e T H C l im i

t s f o r b l a s t a n d c o l l o ca t e d

l a s t a n d r e v e r b e r a t o r y f

u r n ac e s e s t a

b l i s h e d i n t h e 1 997 N E S H A P

. ” T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t

t h i s o mi s s i o n f

a il s t o s a t i s f y s e c t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 )

.

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t s c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e c u rr e n t N E S H A P

.

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t h a h i g h e r t e m

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f o r b l a s t f u r n a c e s . T h e E P A c o n s i d e r e d a d d i t i o n a l a f t e rb u r n e r ca

p a c i t y f o r b l a s t f u r n ac e s a s a

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a l s o m a k e s t h i s a n u n d e s i r a b l e o p t i o n

.

c. M e r c u r y

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o r t h e E P A t o c l o s e i n h e r e n t l y u n l a w f

u l g a p s i n t h e o r i g i n a l M A C T b y s e t t i n g a

s t a n d a r d f o r a n u n c o n

t r o ll e d H A P a n d t h a t t h e E P A m u s t s e t a n e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d f o r eac h H A P

l i s t e d o n t h e s ec t i o n 112 ( b )( 1 ) li s t t h a t t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y e m i t s

, i n c l u d i ng m e r c u r y . T h e

c o mm e n t e r a r gu e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s o w n t e s t s h o w e d t h a t

, f o r 32 % o f t h e d a t a s e t

, m e r c u r y

e mi ss i o n s w e r e a b o v e t h e d e t e c t i o n l e v e l; t h e r e f o r e

, t h e E P A d i d h a v e a n d d i d u s e s o m e

i n f o r m a t i o n o n m e r c u r y e m i ss i o n s t o p e r f o r m t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r s ugg e s t s t h a t

t h e E P A c o u l d s e t t h e M A C T li m i t u s i ng t h e d a t a i t u s e d t o p e r f o r m t h e r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t f o r t h o s e

s o u r ce s w i

t h e m i ss i o n s b e l o w t h e d e t e c t i o n t h r e s h o l d

. A d d i

t i o n a ll y t h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t48

t h e E P A h a s f

a i l e d t o d e m o n s t r a

t e t h a t t h i s p r o p o s a l p r o v i d e s a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y f o r

pub l i c h e a l

t h f r o m m e r c u r y e m i ss i o n s

.

R e s p o n se : E P A d i d n o t s e t a s t a n d a r d f o r m e r c u r y i n t h e o r i g i n a l M A C T r u l e a n d i s

r ec t i f y i ng t h a t d e f

i c i e n c y ( s ee N a t i o n a l L i me

, 233 F

. 3d a t 634 ) h e r e b y e s t a

b l i s h i ng s t a n d a r d s

pu r s u a n t t o s ec t i o n s 112 ( d )( 2 ) a n d ( 3 )

. T h e c o m m e n t e r f u r t h e r m a i n

t a i n s t h a t i

t i s im p e r m i ss i b l e

t o e s t a b li s h a w o r k p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d b e ca u s e t h e c r i

t e r i a u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( h ) a r e n ’ t s a t i s f i e d

s i n ce e mi ss i o n s o f m e r c u r y f r o m t h e s e s o u r ce s w e r e m ea s u r e d i n a l i m i t e d n u m b e r o f i n s t a n c e s

.

S ec t i o n 112 ( h )( 1 ) a n d ( 2 )( B ) i n d i ca t e t h a t E P A m a y a d o p t a w o r k p r a c t i ce s t a n d a r d r a t h e r t h a n a

n u m e r i c s t a n d a r d w h e n “ t h e a p p l i ca t i o n o f m ea s u r e m e n t m e t h o d o l o g y t o a p a r

t i c u l a r c l a ss o f

s o u r ce s i s n o t p r ac t i c a b l e du e t o t ec h n o l o g i c a l a n d ec o n o mi c l i m i t a t i o n s

. ”

T h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e m e r c u r y d a t a c o ll ec t e d du r i n g t h e I CR t e s t p r o g r a m f o r t h i s

r u l e m a k i ng w a s b e l o w t h e li m i t o f a n a l y t i c d e t ec t i o n

. U n d e r t h e s e c i r c u m s t a n c e s , E P A d o e s n o t

b e l i e v e t h a t i

t i s t ec h n o l o g i c a ll y a n d ec o n o mi c a ll y p r ac t i c a b l e t o m e a s u r e m e r c u r y e m i ss i o n s

f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

. “ [ A ] p p li c a t i o n o f m e a s u r e m e n t m e t h o d o l og i e s ” ( s ec t i o n 112

( h )( 2 )( B ) ) m ea n s m o r e t h a n t a k i n g a m ea s u r e m e n t

. I t m u s t a l s o m e a n t h a t a m ea s u r e m e n t h a s

s o m e r ea s o n a b l e r e l a t i o n t o w h a t t h e s o u r ce i s e m i t t i n g

, i

. e

. t h a t t h e m e a s u r e m e n t y i e l d s a

m e a n i n g f u l v a l u e . T h a t i s n o t t h e ca s e h e r e a n d E P A t h e r e f

o r e d o e s n o t b e li e v e i

t r ea s o n a b l e t o

e s t a b li s h a n u m e r i c a l s t a n d a r d f

o r m e r c u r y i n t h i s r u l e

.

M e r c u r y c o n

t r o l c a n o cc u r a s a “ c o b e n e f i t ” o f c o n v e n

t i o n a l c o n t r o l t ec h n o l og i e s t h a t

h a v e b e e n i n s t a ll e d f

o r o t h e r pu r

p o s e s

. P a r

t i c u l a t e

- b o u n d H g ca n b e e ff ec t i v e l y r e m o v e d a l o n g

w i t h o t h e r f l u e g a s P M ( i n c l u d i ng n o n

- H g m e t a l H A P ) i n t h e p r im a r y P M c o n t r o l d e v i ce

. F a b r i c

f i l t e r s ( FF ) h a v e b e e n

s h o w n t o p r o v i d e v e r y h i g h l e v e l s o f c o n t r o l w h e n t h e r e i s a d e qu a t e

h a l o g e n ( o r o t h e r o x i d a n

t ) a v a il a b l e t o c o n

v e r t t h e H g t o t h e o x i d i z e d f o r m

. S ee 76 F R a t 2905 1

a n d C on t r o l o f M e r c u r y E m i ss i on s f

r o m C oa l F i r e d E l ec t r i c U

tilit y B o il e rs

, a v a il a b l e a t

h tt p : / / www

. e p a

. g o v

/t t n / a t w / u t il i t y / u t i l t o x pg

. h t ml . T h e s t ac k e mi s s i o n s t a n d a r d f o r l e a d i s

p r e d i ca t e d o n o p t i m i ze d p e r f o r m a n ce o f a w e l l

- m a i n

t a i n e d n e w b a g h o u s e

. W e t h u s b e li e v e t h a t

t h i s s t a n d a r d w i l l a l s o r e s u l t i n t h e l e v e l o f c o n

t r o l o f t h e e x cee d i n g l y

s m a l l a m ou n

t s o f m e r c u r y

p r e s e n t i n s ec o n d a r y l e a d e mi ss i o n s a c h i e v e d b y t h e b e s t p e r f o r mi ng f a c il i t i e s i n t h e s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y

.49

C o m m e n t ( 216

, 102 ): C o mm e n t e r 9 0 a n d 96 s upp o r

t t h e E P A ’ s r ea s o n i ng a n d

c o n c l u s i o n t h a t n o w o r k p r a c t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r m e r c u r y a r e a

pp r o p r i a t e o r n ece s s a r y . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s do n o t b e li e v e t h a t t h e d a t a c o n f i r m t h a t m e r c u r y i s ac t u a l l y e m i tt e d b y t h e i ndu s t r y

.

R e s p o n se : T h e t e s t d a

t a d o i n d i ca t e t h a t a s m a l l a m ou n t o f m e r c u r y i s e m i

tt e d f r o m t h i s

i ndu s t r y

, h o w e v e r

, a s d e s c r i b e d a b o v e

, a n u m e r i c a l s t a n d a r d f

o r t h i s p o ll u t a n

t i s n o t w a rr a n

t e d

.

3 .2 R i s k A s s e ss m e n t

3

. 2 .1 R i s k A s s e ss m e n t M e t h o d o l ogy

C o m m e n t ( 20

, 35 ): T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 80

, 86 ) s upp o r

t t h e u s e o f C a l E P A ’ s ac u t e R E L

f o r a r s e n i c

.

R e s p o n se : W e ac k n o w l e dg e t h e s upp o r t

.

C o m m e n t ( 31

, 132 ) : T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 86

, 92 ) c o mm e n d e d t h e E P A f o r u s i n g

a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s i n i

t s r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t f o r t h i s s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y

.

R e s p o n se : W e ac k n o w l e dg e t h e s upp o r t

.

C o m m e n t ( 33

, 133 ): T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 86

, 92 ) c o mm e n d e d t h e E P A f o r c o n du c t i n g

m u l t i p a t h w a y e x p o s u r e a n d r i s k m o d e li ng f o r t h o s e H A P s k n o w n t o b e p e r s i s t e n t a n d b i oacc u m u l a t i v e i n t h e e nv i r o n m e n t a n d f o r s e l ec t i n g f

a c il i t i e s t h a t r e p r e s e n

t t h e h i g h e n d o f

po t e n t i a l r i s k s f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

.

R e s p o n se : W e ac k n o w l e dg e t h e s upp o r t

.

C o m m e n t ( 129

, 133 ): C o mm e n t e r 9 2 s t a t e d t h a t t h e y w e r e s a t i s f

i e d w i t h m a n y a s p ec t s

o f t h e r e s i du a l r i s k a ss e s s m e n t

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r

, t h e s t r e n g t h s o f t h e r i s k a s s e ss m e n t

w e r e

,

• T h e u s e o f f

ac i l i t y s p e c i f i c e mi ss i o n p o i n

t p a r a m e t e r s

,

• T h e r e v i e w a n d u s e o f e m i ss i o n s d a t a f r o m s t ac k t e s t i n g r e p o r

t s ;

• T h e i n c l u s i o n o f a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s w h e n p r e d i c t i ng r i s k u n d e r t h e p r o p o s e d r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t

,

• T h e i n c l u s i o n o f a n a n a l y s i s o f t h e p r e

- a n d p o s t

- e m i ss i o n c o n t r o l im p ac t s o n t h e M I R50

• T h e a s s e s s m e n

t o f t h e a v a i l a b l e a m

b i e n t l ea d m o n it o r i

n g d a t a c o ll ec t e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y

o f t h e s e f a c il i t i e s

, a n d

• T h e e f

f o r t t o c o n s e r v a t i v e l y a ss e ss t h e im p a c t o f f ug i t i v e e mi ss i o n s i n a s o u n d

t ec h n i ca l m a n n e r t h a t g o e s b e y o n d w h a t o t h e r r e s i du a l r i s k a ss e s s m e n t s h a v e

ac h i e v e d

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r a l s o s t a

t e d t h a t t h e y a g r ee w i

t h t h e u s e o f t h e l e a d NAAQ S w i t h w h i c h t o

c o m p a r e t h e p r e d i c t e d m a x im u m m o d e l e d 3

- m o n

t h a v e r a g e l e a d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n a s t h e N A A Q S

w a s “ r i g o r o u s l y d e r i v e d t o p r o t e c t pub li c h e a l t h w i t h a n a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f s a f e t y

. ”

R e s p o n se : W e ac k n o w l e dg e t h e s upp o r t

.

C o m m e n t ( 19

, 32

, 55

, 131

, 190

, 226 ): F o u r c o m m e n t e r s ( 80

, 86

, 92

, 98 ) d i s a g r ee d w i t h

t h e u s e o f t h e ce n s u s b l o c k c e n t r o i d t o d e t e r mi n e r i s k f

r o m t h e f a c il i t i e s ’ e mi ss i o n s

. C o m

m e n t e r

86 a r gu e s t h a t u s i n g t h e c e n s u s b l o c k c e n t r o i d t o e s t im a t e r i s k “ d il u t e s t h e e ff ec t o f s o u r ce s ’

e mi ss i o n s b y e s t im a t i n g t h e im p a c t a t t h e ce n t r o i d o f t h e ce n s u s b l o c k i n s t ea d o f a t t h e f a c il i t y

f e n ce o r t h e p r o p e r

t y li n e

. ” C o mm e n

t e r 86 n o t e d t

h a t i n l a r g e r ce n s u s b l o c k s

, t h e m a x i m u m

p o i n t o f im p a c t ca n b e f

a r f r o m t h e ce n

t r o i d

. C o mm e n

t e r 86 f u r t h e r p o i n

t e d o u t t h a t n o nd e v e l o p e d a r e a s n ea r t h e p r o p e r t y li n e c a n b ec o m e d e v e l o p e d o v e r t im e

. C o mm e n t e r 98 n o t e d

t h a t t h e ce n

t e r o f a ce n s u s b l o c k i s a l m o s t a l w a y s f u r t h e r a w a y f

r o m t h e f a c il i t y t h a n t h e

f e n c e l i n e

. C o mm e n

t e r 98 s t a t e d t h a t ce n s u s b l o c k s v a r y g r ea t l y i n s i z e b u t t h e E P A p r o v i d e d n o

e v i d e n c e o f r e v i e w i ng c e n s u s b l o c k s i ze s o r c o n f

i g u r a t i o n s t o c o n s i d e r h o w p o ll u t a n t

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s mi g h

t v a r y w i t h i n t h e s e b l o c k s

. C o m m e n t e r 98 i s c o n ce r n e d t h a t t h e a r eaw e i g h t e d ce n t e r s o f ce n s u s b l o c k s m a y s i g n i f i c a n t l y u n d e r e s t im a t e e x

p o s u r e i n s o m e c a s e s a n d

r ec o mm e n d s m o v i ng r ece p t o r p o i n t s c l o s e r t o t h e f

a c i l i t y t o a ss e ss c h

r o n i c e x p o s u r e i n t h o s e

i n s t a n ce s w h e r e l o c a l r e s i d e n t s li v e n ea r e r t o a f

a c il i t y t h a n t h e g e o g r a

ph i c c e n t r o i d o f t h e ce n s u s

b l o c k

. A ll f

o u r c o mm e n

t e r s n o t e d t h a t H E M

- 3 g i v e s t h e E P A t h e ca p a b i l i t y t o i d e n t i f y t h a t

m a x i m u m i n d i v i du a l r i s k a t a n y p o i n t i n a c e n s u s b l o c k t h a t i s w i t h i n a 50

- k m r a d i u s f

r o m t h e

ce n t e r o f t h e f

a c il i t y

.

I n r e s p o n s e t o t h e a

b o v e c o mm e n

t s

, t w o c o m

m e n t e r s ( 90

, 96 ) n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A

“ e s t im a t e d t h e M I R a ss o c i a t e d w i t h ea c h f a c il i t y b y pu r p o r t i n g t o d e t e r mi n e t h e r i s k a s s o c i a t e d

w i t h a li f e t im e e x p o s u r e a t t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n o u t s i d e t h e p r o p e r

t y b o u n d a r y

... ” T h e s e

c o mm e n t e r s f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t t h e ce n s u s b l o c k c e n t r o i d r i s k e s t im a t e s w e r e u s e d o n l y t o51

“ e s t im a t e p o pu l a t i o n r i s k s a n d t h a t i f E P A c o n s i d e r e d o n l y t h e m a x i m u m i n d i v i du a l r i s k i n ea c h

ce n s u s b l o c k

, t h e r e w o u l d b e n o i n f o r m a t i o n f

r o m w h i c h t o e s t im a t e p o pu l a t i o n s r i s k s

. ”

R e s p o n se : A s w e h a v e n o t e d i n t h e d e v e l op m e n t o f p r e v i o u s r e s i du a l r i s k r e g u l a t i o n s

,

s u c h a s t h e HON

, i n a n a t i o n a l

- s c a l e a s s e ss m e n t o f l i f e t im e i nh a l a t i o n e x

p o s u r e s a n d h e a l

t h r i s k s

f r o m f a c i l i t i e s i n a s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

, i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o i d e n

t i f y e x p o s u r e l o ca t i o n s w h e r e i

t m a y

b e r ea s o n a b l y e x

p ec t e d t h a t a n i n d i v i du a l w il l s p e nd a m a j o r i t y o f h i s o r h e r l i f

e t im e

. F u r t h e r

, i

t

i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o u s e ce n s u s b l o c k i n f o r m a t i o n o n w h e r e p e op l e ac t u a l l y r e s i d e

, r a t h e r t h a n p o i n t s

o n a f e n c e l i n e

, t o l o ca t e t h e e s t im a t i o n o f e x p o s u r e s a n d r i s k s t o i n d i v i du a l s li v i ng n ea r s u c h

f a c il i t i e s

. C e n s u s b l o c k s a r e t h e f i n e s t r e s o l

u t i o n a v a i l a b l e a s p a r t o f t h e n a t i o n w i d e p o pu l a t i o n

d a t a ( a s d e v e l o p e d b y t h e U S C e n s u s B u r ea u ) ; ea c h i s t y

p i c a ll y c o m

p r i s e d o f a

pp r o x im a t e l y 40

p e o p l e o r a

b o u t 10 h o u s e h o l d s

. I n

E P A r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t s

, t h e g e o g r a

ph i c c e n t r o i d o f ea c h ce n s u s

b l o c k c o n t a i n i ng a t l ea s t o n e p e r s o n i s u s e d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e l o ca t i o n w h e r e a l l t h e p e op l e i n t h a t

ce n s u s b l o c k li v e . T h e c e n s u s b l o c k c e n t r o i d w i t h t h e h i g h e s t e s t im a t e d e x p o s u r e t h e n b e c o m e s

t h e l o ca t i o n o f m a x i m

u m e x p o s u r e

, a n d t h e e n

t i r e p o pu l a t i o n o f t h a t ce n s u s b l o c k i s a ss u m e d t o

e x p e r i e n ce t h e m a x im

u m i n d i v i d

u a l r i s k

. I n s o m e ca s e s

, b eca u s e ac t u a l r e s i d e n ce l o ca t i o n s m a y

b e c l o s e r t o o r f

a r t h e r f r o m f a c il i t y e mi ss i o n p o i n

t s

, t h i s m a y r e s u l

t i n a n o v e r e s t im a t e o r

u n d e r e s t im a t e o f t h e ac t u a l a n n u a l c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s ( a l t h o ug h t h e r e i s n o s y s t e m a t i c b i a s f o r

a v e r a g e l e v e l s )

. G i v e n t h e r e l a t i v e l y s m a l l d i m e n s i o n s o f ce n s u s b l o c k s i n d e n s e l y

- p o p u l a t e d

a r ea s

, t h e r e i s l i

tt l e u n ce r t a i n

t y i n t r o du ce d b y u s i n g t h e ce n s u s b l o c k c e n t r o i d s . T h e r e i s m o r e

u n ce r t a i n t y w h e n c e n s u s b l o c k s a r e l a r g e r

, a l t h o ug h t h e r e i s s t i l l n o b i a s o n a v e r a g e . T h u s

, t h e

E P A c o n c l

ud e s t h a t t h e m o s t a

pp r o p r i a t e l o ca t i o n s a t w h i c h t o e s t im a t e c h r o n i c e x p o s u r e s a n d

r i s k s a r e t h e ce n s u s b l o c k c e n t r o i d s b e c a

u s e : 1 ) ce n s u s b l o c k s a r e t h e f i n e s t r e s o l

u t i o n a v a i l a b l e

i n t h e n a t i o n a l c e n s u s d a t a

, 2 ) f a c i l i t y f e n ce li n e s do n o t t y

p i c a ll y r e p r e s e n

t l o ca t i o n s w h e r e

c h r o n i c e x p o s u r e s a r e li k e l y ( i

. e

, p e o p l e d o n o t t y p i c a ll y li v e a t t h e f

e n ce l i n e o f f

a c il i t i e s ) a n d 3 )

a s j u s t d e s c r i b e d a b o v e

, t h e r e i s n o s y s t e m a t i c b i a s w i t h r e s p e c t t o u s i n g c e n s u s b l o c k c e n t r o i d s

a s a n e x p o s u r e s u rr o g a

t e f o r a ll i n d i v i du a l s r e s i d i n g i n t h a t b l o c k

.

T h i s h a s b e e n

E P A ’ s a pp r o ac h f o r e s t im a t i n g m a x i m

u m i n d i v i du a l e x

p o s u r e s a n d r i s k s

t h r o ug h o u t t h e R T R p r o g r a m

. I n a dd i t i o n

, i n i t s p ee r r e v i e w o f t h e m e t h o d o l o g i e s u s e d t o

e s t im a t e r i s k s a s p a r t o f t h e R T R r u l e m a k i n g e f f o r t s

, t h e E P A ’ s S c i e n c e A d v i s o r y B o a r d ( S A B )

e n d o r s e d t h i s a

pp r o ac h

.52

C o m m e n t ( 54

, 137

, 189 ): T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 90

, 96 ) s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d n o t u s e

t h e C a l E P A ’ s ac u t e R E L f o r a r s e n i c b eca

u s e i t i s “ i nv a l i d a n d s ub s t a n

t i a ll y o v e r e s t im a t e s ac u t e

r i s k s f r o m a r s e n i c e x

p o s u r e

. ” T h e c o mm e n

t e r s n o t e d t h a t t h e C a l i f

o r n i a R E L r e li e d o n t h e

N a g y m a j t e ny i s t u d y w h i c h d i d n o t e v a l u a t e t h e f e t a l e ff ec t s o n a l i

tt e r b a s i s

, t h e r e f

o r e m a k i ng i

t

i m p o s s i b l e t o d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r t h e o b s e r v e d e ff e c t s w e r e du e t o a r s e n i c e x p o s u r e o r o t h e r l i

tt e r

e ff ec t s

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r s c i t e d a s i mi l a r s t u d y “ t h a t w a s c o n du c t e d i n a c c o r d a n ce w i

t h

a pp r o p r i a t e gu i d e l i n e s ” i n w h i c h r e s ea r c h e r s o b s e r v e d n o f e t a l e ff ec t s a t As 2 O 3 c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s o f

10 m g /m 3 . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s a l s o s t a

t e d t h a t t h e f

a c t t h a t t h e C a l i f

o r n i a R E L i s a

pp r o x im a t e l y

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t e t h e f a c t t h a t a r s i n e g a s i s m

u c h m o r e t o x i c t h a n

As 2 O 3 i s a n o m a l o u s

. S o t oo

, ac c o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r s

, i s t h e f

a c t t h a t d e s p i

t e t h e g r e a

t e r

t o x i c i t y o f a r s i n e

, a s t ud y c o n du c t e d b y t h e N a t i o n a l T o x i c o l og y P r o g r a m

s h o w e d “ n o e v i d e n ce

o f d e v e l op m e n

t a l t o x i c i t y i n e i t h e r r a t s o r mi ce a t c o n ce n t r a t i o n s up t o 2

. 5 pp m

... ” T h e

c o mm e n t e r f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t u s e o f t h e C a l i f o r n i a R E L i s “ i n c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a n d w o u l d

c o n s t i t u t e a d e p a r

t u r e f r o m E P A ’ s p r ac t i ce

, w h i c h h a s c o n s i d e r e d a f e t a l w e i g h

t r e du c t i o n o f 0

. 1

g t o b e n o t t o x i c o l og i c a ll y s i g n i f i c a n t

. ” T h e c o m

m e n t e r a l s o a r gu e d t h a t t h e C a l i f o r n i a R E L i s

i n c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h A T S D R ’ s g u i d a n c e

, w h i c h d e e m s 0

. 26 m g /m 3 t o b e a NO A E L r a t h e r t h a n a

L O A E L . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A s h o u l d e i t h e r n o t a t t e m p t t o qu a n

t i f y ac u t e a r s e n i c

r i s k s o r s h o u l d c o rr ec t t h e C a l i f o r n i a R E L b y i n c r e a s i ng i t b y a t l e a s t a n o r d e r o f m a g n i t ud e

,

c i t i n g t h e M o rr i s s e y s t ud y t h a t s ugg e s t s t h a t t h e C a l i f o r n i a R E L s h ou l d b e s e t a t a l e v e l a t l ea s t

100 t im e s g r ea t e r t h a n t h e c u rr e n t s t a n d a r d

.

C o mm e n t e r 92 s t a t e d t h a t t h e s t a t e o f N e w Y o r k d i d n o t a d o p t t h e C a l i f o r n i a R E L

b e c a u s e “ i t i s p o li c y i n N e w Y o r k t o a d o p t t h e m o s t s t r i n g e n t o f e i t h e r a n o n

- c a n ce r c h

r o n i c o r

ca n ce r a i r g u i d e l i n e c o n c e n

t r a t i o n

. ” T h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e s t h a t N e w Y o r k m u l t i p l i e d t h e E P A ’ s

I R I S un i t r i s k v a l u e f

o r A r s e n i c o f 2

. 3 E

- 4 μ g /m 3 b y 65 t o o b t a i n a R E L o f 0

. 015 μ g /m 3

.

R e s p o n se : W i

t h r e g a r d t o t h e ac u t e C a l E P A R E L f

o r a r s e n i c

, t h e E P A r ec o gn i z e s t h a t

t h e r e a r e l i m i

t a t i o n s a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h t h e d a t a

b a s e u s e d i n t h e d e r i v a t i o n o f t h i s v a l u e

.

N e v e r t h e l e ss

, g i v e n t h a t t h e ac u t e C a l E P A R E L i s t h e o n l y e x i s t i n g p ee r-r e v i e w e d ac u t e d o s er e s p o n s e v a l

u e

, t h e E P A c o n s i d e r s i

t r ea s o n a b l e t o u s e t h i s v a l u e f

o r a n ac u t e a n a l y s i s

. I t i s

i m p o r t a n t t o n o t e t h a t a ss e s s m e n

t s o f r i s k s f

r o m a c u t e e x

p o s u r e s t o H A P s r e p r e s e n t w o r s t

- ca s e53

s c e n a r i o s

, a n d t h a t t h e e s t im a t e d ac u t e im p ac t s o f a r s e n i c d i d n o t w e i g h h ea v i l y i n t h e r e g u l a t o r y

d e c i s i o n

.

W i t h r e s p ec t t o N e w Y o r k b e n c h m a r k v a l u e f o r a r s e n i c

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e E P A h a s a

h i e r a r c h y o f a

pp r o p r i a t e h e a l

t h b e n c h m a r k v a l u e s

. I n g e n e r a l

, t h i s h i e r a r c h y p l ac e s g r ea t e r

w e i g h t o n E P A d e r i v e d h e a l

t h b e n c h m a r k s t h a n t h o s e d e r i v e d b y o t h e r S t a t e s o r a g e n c i e s

( h t t p :// www

. e p a

. g o v

/t t n / a t w / n a t a 1999 / 99pd f

s / h e a l t h e ff

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. p d f)

. M o r e o v e r

, m

u l t i p l y i ng a

c h r o n i c I R I S ca n ce r v a l u e b y 65 t o o b t a i n a n ac u t e R E L i s a n a r b i t r a r y a pp r o ac h t h a t t o o u r

kn o w l e dg e

, h a s n o t r ece i v e d f a v o r a b l e s c i e n t i f i c s u pp o r t o r b e e n s ub

j e c t t o p ee r r e v i e w

.

C o m m e n t ( 47

, 182 ) : T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 90

, 9 6 ) c l a im e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s r i s k r e v i e w

v i o l a t e d s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 ) b eca u s e i t c o n s i d e r e d r i s k f

r o m s o u r ce s t h a t a r e n o t p a r t o f t h e

s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng s o u r ce ca t e g o r y . T h e c o m m e n t e r s n o t e d t h a t b y i n c l u d i ng f ac i l i t y

- w i d e

e mi ss i o n s t h e E P A m a y o v e r e s t im a t e r i s k s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng i n d u s t r y

a n d p r o m u l g a t e r i s k

- b a s e d s t a n d a r d s f o r r i s k s t h a t a r e n o t a

t t r i b u t a b l e t o i t s e mi ss i o n s . T h e

c o mm e n t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t “ i t w o u l d b e un l a w f

u l f o r E P A t o u s e i n f

o r m a t i o n f

r o m t h e

N a t i o n a l A i

r T o x i c s A s s e s s m e n

t o r o t h e r w i s e t o i n c l

ud e n o n

- s o u r ce ca t e g o r y ( o r s ub ca t e go r y )

r i s k i n s e t t i n g s t a n d a r d s pu r s u a n t t o C l ea n A i r A c t § 112 ( f )( 2 )

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r s i mi l a r l y n o t e d

t h a t b y p r o p o s i n g e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s b a s e d o n s o u r ce s e m i t t i n g l ea d a t l e v e l s t h a t e x cee d t h e

NA A Q S

, t h e E P A i s im

p r o p e r l y c o n s i d e r i n g b ac k g r o u n d a m b i e n t l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s i n i

t s

a n a l y s i s

.

R e s p o n se : T h e f

i n d i ng o f u n ac c e p t a

b l e r i s k f r o m t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y w a s b a s e d o n r i s k e s t im a t e s a n d e mi ss i o n s f r o m t h e s ec o n d a r y l e a d s o u r ce c a t e go r y

.

M o r e s p e c i f

i c a ll y

, w e f

o u n d e s t im a t e d r i s k s r e s u l t i n g f r o m s ec o n d a r y l e a d

s m e l t i n g e m i ss i o n s a t

t h e s e f a c il i t i e s t o b e u n ac c e p t a

b l e p r im a r i l y b a s e d o n s o u r c e ca t e g o r y e mi ss i o n s o f l ea d

c o m p o u n d s

. S ee 76 F R a

t 29054

- 2905 5

. T h e f

i n d i n g o f u n acce p t a

b l e r i s k w a s n o t b a s e d o n

e mi ss i o n s o r e s t im a t e d r i s k s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h t h e f ac i l i t y w i d e a n a l y s i s

. I n a d d i

t i o n

, w e d i s a g r ee

w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t t h a t t h e E P A i s “ i m

p r o p e r l y c o n s i d e r i n g b ac kg r o u n d a m b i e n t l ea d

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n i t s a n a l y s i s

. ” T h e e s t im a t e s o f l e a d r i s k i n t h e r i s k a s s e ss m e n t

, a s w e l l a s t h e

c o n t r o l s i n t h e f

i n a l r u l e

, a r e b a s e d s o l e l y o n e m i s s i o n s f r o m t h e f a c il i t i e s i n t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i n g s o u r ce ca t e g o r y . T h e y d o n o t t a k e i n t o acc o u n t a dd i t i o n a l s o u r ce s t h a t m a y b e o u t s i d e

t h e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y c o n

t r i b u t i n g t o a m

b i e n t l ea d b ac kg r o u n d c o n ce n t r a t i o n s b eca

u s e t h e54

e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y w e r e t h e s a m e a s t h e f a c i l i t y w i d e e mi ss i o n s

. S ee 76 F R a t

29042 / 2 ( “ I n t h i s r u l e m a k i ng

... t h e r e a r e n o o t h e r s i g n i f i c a n t H A P e mi ss i o n s s o u r ce s p r e s e n t

.

T h u s

, t h e r e w a s n o n ee d t o p e r f o r m a s e p a r a t e f

a c il i t y w i d e r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t ” )

.

C o m m e n t ( 51

, 120

, 160

, 186 ): F o u r c o m m e n t e r s ( 90

, 9 1

, 9 4

, 9 6 ) a r gu e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s

r i s k r e v i e w i s i nv a l i d b e ca u s e i t i s p r e d i ca t e d o n r i s k s t o h y p o t h e t i ca l p o p u l a t i o n s t h a t m a y n o t

e x i s t

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r s c i t e d t h e s p e c i f

i c e x a m p l e o f t h e E P A ’ s e s t im a t e d m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k t o

L a o t i a n a n g l e r s n ea r t h e E x i d e T ec h n o l og i e s f a c il i t y i n F r i s c o

, T e x a s . T h e c o mm e n t e r s c o n t e n d

t h a t ce n s u s s t a t i s t i c s i n d i ca t e t h a t t h e L a o t i a n p o pu l a t i o n i n t h i s a r ea o f T e x a s i s v e r y s m a l l a n d

t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t t h e r e a r e a c t u a l l y L a o t i a n a n g l e r s w h o c o n s u m e f i s h f r o m

L e w i s v il l e L a k e

.

C o mm e n t e r 94 s t a t e d t h a t

, i n t h e ca s e o f t h e L a o t i a n a n g l e r s

, m u l t i p l e l a y e r i ng o f

c o n s e r v a t i v e a ss u m

p t i o n s r e s u l

t i n a n u n r e a l i s t i c a n d o v e r s t a t e d e s t im a t e o f r i s k . T h e c o m m e n t e r

f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e i s n o e v i d e n ce t h a t p a r t i c u l a r g r o up s i n

T e x a s ea t e x ce p t i o n a ll y h i g h

a m o u n t s o f f i s h

. M o r e o v e r

, e v e n e t hn i c g r o up s t h a t ea t h i g h a m ou n t s o f f i s h w il l n o t

c o n t i n u o u s l y ea t e x c l u s i v e l y f

i s h f r o m o n e c o r n e r o f L e w i s v il l e L a k e f o r 7 0 y ea r s

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s a l s o s t a

t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s r i s k a ss e s s m e n t e rr e d i n i

t s e s t im a t e o f f

i s h

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n S il v e r L a k e n ea r t h e R S R f a c i l i t y i n M i d d l e t o w n

, NY

. T h e E P A s t a t e d i n i t s

r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t t h a t S il v e r L a k e i s t oo s m a ll t o s upp o r t f i s h i ng un l e ss i

t i s s t o c k e d r e gu l a r l y . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s n o t e d t h a t s t o c k i n g r e du ce s t h e e x p o s u r e p e r i o d f

o r f i s h a n d d ec r ea s e s e x

p ec t e d f i s h

t i s s u e c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s r e l a t i v e t o l a k e s w h e r e f i s h a r e n o t s t o c k e d

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s f u r t h e r n o t e d

t h a t t h e r e i s n o i n d i ca t i o n i n t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n t t h a t t h e E P A h a s c o n s i d e r e d t h i s f ac t o r i n t h e i

r

r i s k c a l c u l a t i o n s

.

R e s p o n se : W e a g r ee w i

t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t s o m e o f t h e r i s k e s t im a t e s p r e s e n t e d i n t h e

m u l t i p a t h w a y a n a l y s i s r e f

l e c t c o n s e r v a t i v e a ss u m

p t i o n s

. A s n o t e d i n t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n t

d o c u m e n t

, i n o r d e r t o m o r e f

u ll y c h a r ac t e r i ze t h e po t e n t i a l m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k s a s s o c i a t e d w i

t h

h i g h e n d c o n s u m

p t i o n o f P B

- H A P c o n

t a mi n a t e d f

o o d

, w e p r e s e n

t r e s u l t s b a s e d o n r ea s o n a b l e

m a x i m u m e x p o s u r e ( R M E ) a n d ce n

t r a l t e n d e n c y e s t im a t e ( C TE ) s ce n a r i o s . T h e R M E s ce n a r i o

u t i l i ze s 90 t h p e r ce n

t il e i ng e s t i o n r a t e s f

o r f a r m e r s

, r ec r ea t i o n a l a n g l e r s

, a n d f o r t h r ee

s ub p o p u l a t i o n s o f r ec r ea t i o n a l a n g l e r s ) w h o h a v e h i g h e r r a t e s o f f i s h c o n s u m

p t i o n ( H i s p a n i c

,

L a o t i a n

, a n d V i e t n a m e s e d e s c e n t )

, w h il e t h e C TE s c e n a r i o u t i l i ze s m e a n i ng e s t i o n r a t e s f o r eac h55

o f t h e s e g r o up s. W e p r o v i d e r e s u l t s f r o m b o t h s ce n a r i o s t o i l l u s t r a t e t h e r a n g e o f p o t e n t i a l

m o d e l e d e x

p o s u r e s a n d r i s k s t h a t m a y e x i s t i n t h e h i g h

- e n d o f t h e c o m p l e t e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f

po t e n t i a l m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k s f

o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

. I n a dd i t i o n

, t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t d o c u m e n

t

a l s o n o t e s t h e r i s k r a n g e f o r t h e e n t i r e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r ec r ea t i o n a l a n g l e r s

, w h i c h h a v e

s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r r a

t e s o f f i s h c o n s u m

p t i o n t h a n t h e t h

r ee s u b p o pu l a t i o n s m e n

t i o n e d a b o v e

.

T h u s

, i n o r d e r t o e s t im a t e a d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p o t e n t i a l m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k s

, w e t h i n

k i t i s r ea s o n a b l e

t o c o n s i d e r f

i s h i ng e s t i o n r a t e s ac r o ss m u l t i p l e g r o up s

, i n c l

u d i ng t h e L a o t i a n p o pu l a t i o n

.

M o r e o v e r

, w e n o t e t h a t i

t i s e n t i r e l y p o s s i b l e t h a t i n d i v i du a l s o t h e r t h a n L a o t i a n s m a y c o n s u m e

f i s h a t a n y o f t h e i n g e s t i o n r a t e s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e m u l t i p a t h w a y a s s e ss m e n

t

. T h i s a g a i n s upp o r

t s

t h e u s e o f a r a n g e o f i n g e s t i o n r a t e s i n o r d e r t o e s t im a t e a b r o a d r a n g e o f po t e n t i a l m u l t i p a t h w a y

r i s k s

.

W i

t h r e s p ec t t o t h e c o mm e n t t h a t S il v e r L a k e i s t oo s m a l l t o s up p o r t f i s h i ng u n l e s s i

t i s

s t o c k e d r e gu l a r l y

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e T R I M

. F a TE m o d e l d o e s n o t c u rr e n t l y m o d e l f

i s h p o p u l a t i o n

d yn a m i c s

, i n c l u d i n g p r o ce ss e s l i k e b i r t h

, d ea t h

, g r o w t h

, a n d s t o c k i n g

, a l

t h o ug h i t d o e s ac c o u n

t

f o r p r e d a t i o n

. B eca

u s e t h e m o d e l e s t im a t e s l o n g

- t e r m c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n f i s h

, i t i s u n li k e l y t h a t

i n t r o du c i n g c h a n g e s t o ac c o u n t f o r s t o c k i n g w o u l d s ub s t a n t i a ll y im p ac t t h e c a l c u l a t e d P B

- H A P

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s i n a d

u l t f i s h

, e s p e c i a ll y i f t h e f

i s h a r e a ss u m e d t o b e s t o c k e d a s f i n g e r l i ng s

.

C o m m e n t ( 49

, 119

, 184 ) : T h r ee c o mm e n

t e r s ( 90

, 91

, 96 ) d i s a g r ee d w i t h t h e u s e o f t h e

l ea d N A A Q S a s a h a za r d i n d e x . T h e c o mm e n t e r s a r gu e d t h a t t h e l ea d N A A Q S w a s b a s e d o n

o n l y r i s k s t o y o u n g c h i l d r e n

, a n d t h a t t h e E P A h a s i n a pp r o p r i a t e l y c o n c l ud e d t h a t e x cee d a n c e s o f

t h e l ea d N A A Q S r e s u l

t i n u n a c ce p t a

b l e r i s k s t o a d o l e s c e n

t s a n d a d u l t s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s

c o n t e n d t h a t h aza r d i n d i c e s s h ou l d n o t b e p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e s A

- 5 t h

r o ug h A

- 8 o f t h e

d e m o g r a ph i c s a n a l y s i s f

o r a g e g r o up s o t h e r t h a n y o u n g c h il d r e n

.

R e s p o n se : I f t h e c o mm e n t e r i s a r g u i n g t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d

, a n d n o w f i n a l

, s t a n d a r d s f

o r

l ea d p r o v i d e t oo m

u c h p r o t ec t i o n b e c a

u s e t h e y p r o t e c t s u s ce p t i b l e p o pu l a t i o n s

– n o t a b l y y ou n g

c h i l d r e n li v i ng n ea r l ea d e m i tt i n g s o u r ce s

– a n d t h

u s p r o v i d e t o o m

u c h p r o t e c t i o n t o o t h e r

e x p o s e d i n d i v i du a l s

, t h i s a r g u m e n t h a s b e e n s h a r p l y r e j e c t e d i n t h e s ec t i o n 109 ( d ) N AA Q S

c o n t e x t ( s ee C o a l i

t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e r s

, 604 F

. 3d a t 61 7

- 18 ) a n d i s j u s t a s mi s p l ace d h e r e

w h e r e E P A i s c h a r g e d t o p r o v i d e a n a m p l e o f m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y i n s e tt i n g s t a n d a r d s

.56

I n a d d i t i o n

, w e d i s a g r ee w i

t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t t h e l ea d N A A Q S c a n n o t b e u s e d i n a

qu a n t i t a t i v e m a n n e r . T h e r e v i e w o f t h e l ea d N AAQ S c l ea r l y r e s u l t e d i n a qu a n

t i t a t i v e s t a n d a r d :

3

- m o n t h m a x i m u m l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n n o t t o e x ce e d a l e v e l o f 0

. 15 μ g /m 3 . T h i s s t a n d a r d w a s s e t

t o p r o t e c t pub li c h ea l

t h

, i n c l u d i ng t h e h ea l

t h o f s e n s i t i v e p o p u l a t i o n s ( i

. e

., c h il d r e n )

, w i t h a n

a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y

. A s t h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e s

, t h e l ea d N A A Q S a p p li e s i n a l l a r ea s o f t h e

U n i t e d S t a t e s r e g a r d l e ss o f t h e a g e o f t h e i n d i v i du a l s l i v i n g i n a p a r t i c u l a r a r ea . T h u s

, w e f i nd i t

a pp r o p r i a t e t o e v a l

u a t e po t e n

t i a l m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k s

, i n a qu a n

t i t a t i v e m a n n e r

, u s i n g t h e N A A Q S

f o r l ea d

.

C o m m e n t ( 56

, 115

, 116

, 157

, 191 ) : F i v e c o mm e n t e r s ( 90

, 91

, 94

, 96

, 111 ) d i s a g r ee d

w i t h t h e u s e o f

M A C T

- a l l o w a b l e e mi ss i o n s t o e s t im a t e r i s k . T h e c o m m e n t e r s a r gu e d t h a t t h e

pu r p o s e o f r e v i e w i ng e mi ss i o n s u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 ) i s t o a ss e s s t h e ac t u a l r i s k s t o p e o p l e

l i v i ng n e a r f

a c i l i t i e s i n t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

. C o mm e n t e r 91 n o t e d t h a t “

N o t h i n g i n § 112 ( f

)( 2 )

a l l o w s E P A t o r e p l a c e t h e s t a t u t o r y d i r ec t i v e t o e x a mi n e w h a t h e a l t h r i s k s a r e p r e s e n

t a t a c t u a l

e mi ss i o n l e v e l s w i

t h a r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t t h a t a s k s w h a t h e a l

t h r i s k s mi g h

t b e p r e s e n

t a m a x im u m

a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n l e v e l s

. ” C o mm e n t e r 9 1 f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t l e ss s t r i n g e n

t r u l e s w ou l d h a v e

l i k e l y b e e n r e q u i

r e d h a d t h e E P A r e li e d o n l y o n a c t u a l e mi ss i o n s t o c o n du c t i t s r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t

.

C o mm e n t e r 94 c o n

t e n d s t h a t e v e n i f a l l o w a b l e e m i s s i o n s a r e u s e d f o r t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t

, t h e

E P A s h ou l d c o n s i d e r a l l a p p l i c a b l e p e r m i

t a n d l e g a l l im i

t s o n e mi ss i o n s . T h e c o mm e n t e r

s p e c i f i ca l l y c i t e d E x i d e ’ s F r i s c o

, T e x a s a n d V e r n o n

, C a l i f o r n i a f a c il i t i e s t h a t a r e s ub

j ec t t o m o r e

s t r i n g e n t l im i t a t i o n s t h a n w h a t i s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e N E S H A P

. B a s e d o n t h e c o mm e n t e r ’ s

c a l c u l a t i o n s

, t h e E P A h a s o v e r s t a t e d t h e a l l o w a b l e e mi ss i o n s a t t h e F r i s c o a n d V e r n o n f a c il i t i e s

b y f a c t o r s o f t h

r ee a n d 100

, r e s p ec t i v e l y

. C o mm e n t e r 111 s t a

t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s f

a i l u r e t o

p r o v i d e a r ea s o n e d e x

p l a n a t i o n a s t o w h y u s i ng M A C T

- a l l o w a b l e e mi ss i o n s t o ca l c u l a t e r i s k i s

j u s t i f i e d r e n d e r s t h e p r o p o s a l i n s upp o r t a b l e u n d e r t h e l a w . T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s

r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t a l r ea d y r e f l ec t s n u m e r o u s c o n s e r v a t i v e a s s u m p t i o n s a n d t h a t a

p p l y i ng a n o t h e r

l a y e r o f c o n s e r v a t i s m b a s e d o n t h e h y p o t h e t i c a l a s s u m

p t i o n t h a t a ff

ec t e d s o u r ce s s h o u l d b e

e x p e c t e d t o e m i

t m o r e t h a n t h e d a t a i n d i ca t e s i s n o t r ea s o n a b l e o r j u s t i f

i e d . T h e c o m

m e n t e r

p o i n t s o u t t h a t t h e E P A ’ s o w n a n a l y s i s i n d i ca t e s t h a t a l l t h e f ac i l i t i e s i n t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y e m i t

s i g n i f i c a n t l y l e ss t h a n w h a t i s a l l o w e d u n d e r t h e c u rr e n t M A C T s t a n d a r d

.57

R e s p o n s e: We h a v e d i s c u s s e d t h e u s e o f b o t h a l l o w a b l e a n d ac t u a l e mi ss i o n s i n p r e v i ou s

ac t i o n s

, i n c l u d i n g t h e f

i n a l C o k e O v e n B a tt e r i e s r e s i d u a l r i s k r u l e ( 70 F R 19998

- 19999

, A p r i l 15

,

2005 ) a n d i n t h e p r o p o s e d a n d f i n a l H aza r d o u s O r g a n i c N E S H A P ( HON ) r e s i du a l r i s k r u l e s ( 71

F R 34428

, J

u n e 14

, 2006

, a n d 71 F R 76603

, D ec e m b e r 21

, 2006

, r e s p ec t i v e l y )

. I n t h o s e p r e v i o u s

ac t i o n s

, w e n o t e d t h a t m o d e li ng t h e a l l o w a b l e l e v e l s o f e m i ss i o n s ( i

. e

., t h e h i g h e s t e mi ss i o n

l e v e l s t h a t c o u l d b e e m i

tt e d w h il e s t i l l c o m

p l y i ng w i t h t h e N E S H A P r e q u i

r e m e n t s ) i s i nh e r e n

t l y

r ea s o n a b l e s i n ce t h e y r e f

l e c t t h e m a x i m

u m l e v e l s o u r ce s c o u l d e m i t a n d s t i l l c o m

p l y w i t h

n a t i o n a l e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s

. Q u i t e s im p l y

, i n d e t e r mi n i ng w h e t h e r u n a cce p t a b l e r e s i du a l r i s k

r e m a i n s a f

t e r p r o m u l g a t i o n o f s e c t i o n 112 ( d ) t ec hn o l og y

- b a s e d s t a n d a r d s

, i t i s r ea s o n a b l e t o

c o n s i d e r t h e e mi s s i o n s a l l o w e d b y t h o s e s t a n d a r d s

. B u t w e a l s o e x

p l a i n e d t h a t i

t i s r ea s o n a b l e t o

c o n s i d e r ac t u a l e m i ss i o n s

, w h e r e s u c h d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e

, i n b o t h s t e p s o f t h e r i s k a n a l y s i s

, i n

acc o r d a n ce w i

t h t h e B e n z e n e N E S H A P

.

C o m m e n t ( 21 ): C o mm e n t e r 8 0 s t a t e d t h a t a r ea s ou r ce s s h ou l d b e m o d e l e d a s a r ea

s o u r ce s r a t h e r t h a n “ p s e ud o p o i n

t s o u r ce s

. ” T h e c o mm e n

t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t f

o r c i n g a r ea e mi ss i o n s

i n t o p o i n t s o u r ce “ d i s t o r

t s t h e i r im p a c t s o n a m

b i e n t c o n ce n

t r a t i o n s

. ”

R e s p o n se : T a

b l e 2

. 2

- 1 o f t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n t d o c u m e n t c o n t a i n e d a t y

p o g r a ph i c a l e rr o r

.

A r ea s o u r ce s a r e m o d e l e d w i t h a l e n g t h

, w i d t h a n d a n y o t h e r a v a i l a b l e c h a r ac t e r i s t i c s a t t h e

p r o p e r l o ca t i o n

, n o t a s p o i n t s o u r ce s

. T h i s t a

b l e h a s b e e n c o rr ec t e d i n t h e f i n a l r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t

.

C o m m e n t ( 22 ) : C o mm e n t e r 8 0 s t a t e d t h a t t h e u s e o f a p o l a r g r i d r e du ce s t h e n u m b e r o f

m o d e l e d r ece p t o r s a n d m a k e s i t m u c h l e ss li k e l y t h a t t h e a c t u a l m a x i m u m c o n c e n

t r a t i o n a n d

l o ca t i o n i s m o d e l e d

.

R e s p o n se : We d i s a g r ee w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t t h e u s e o f a p o l a r g r i d r e du c e s t h e

n u m b e r o f m o d e l e d r ece p t o r s a n d m a k e s i t m u c h l e ss li k e l y t h a t t h e ac t u a l m a x i m u m

c o n c e n t r a t i o n a n d l o ca t i o n i s m o d e l e d

. W e n o t e t h a t t h e p o l a r g r i d u s e d i n o u r e x p o s u r e

m o d e l i ng u t i l i z e s a g r ea t e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f r ece p t o r s i

n l o ca t i o n s i n c l o s e p r o x i m i t y t o a g i v e n

f a c il i t y . T h u s

, w e h a v e t h e g r ea t e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f m o d e l r ece p t o r s i n a r ea s w h e r e w e w o u l d

e x p e c t t h e s i

t e o f m a x im

u m c o n c e n

t r a t i o n t o o cc u r

. A s a r e s u l t

, w e b e li e v e t h a t o u r p o l a r

r ece p t o r g r i d i s s u f

f i c i e n t l y d e n s e t o ca

p t u r e t h e s i

t e o f m a x i m

u m c o n ce n

t r a t i o n

.58

C o m m e n t ( 23 ) : C o mm e n t e r 8 0 qu e s t i o n s t h e u s e o f m e t e o r o l og i c a l d a t a f r o m 1991

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e r e i s a m

p l e d a t a f r o m m o r e r ece n

t y ea r s a n d t h a t im

p r o v e m e n

t s

i n t h e n u m b e r a n d qu a l i

t y o f m e t e o r o l og i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s o v e r t h e y ea r s m a k e s u s i n g d a t a t h a t i s

t w e n t y y ea r s o l d i n a

pp r o p r i a t e

.

R e s p o n se : W h e n w e b e g a n p e r f o r mi ng R T R r i s k a ss e s s m e n t s

, w e c h o s e m e t e o r o l og i c a l

d a t a c o n s i d e r i ng t h e a m o u n t o f d a t a qu a l i

t y a s s u r a n ce n ee d e d

, a n d A E R M OD r u n t im e s

. W e

r e s t r i c t e d o u r m e t e o r o l og i ca l d a t a t o t h a t c o ll ec t e d p r i o r t o t h e i n s t a ll a t i o n o f t h e A u t o m a t e d

S u r f a c e O b s e r v a t i o n S y s t e m ( A S O S ) . T h e A S O S h a d b e e n f o u n d t o o m i

t t h e c e i l i ng h e i g h

t f o r a

l a r g e p e r c e n

t a g e o f t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s a t a n u m b e r o f m e t e o r o l og i c a l s t a t i o n s

. B eca u s e i n s t a ll a t i o n

a n d o p e r a t i o n o f A S O S e q u i p m e n t b e g a n i n 1992

, w e s e l ec t e d t h e y ea r 1991

. A s n e w e r

, h i g h e r

qu a l i t y A S O S d a t a h a v e b e c o m e a v a il a b l e

, w e h a v e a dd e d n e w e r d a t a a n d a d d i t i o n a l d a t a

s i t e

l o ca t i o n s t o t h e m e t e o r o l og i c a l d a t a li b r a r y w e u s e i n o u r r i s k a ss e s s m e n t s

. C u rr e n

t l y

,

a pp r o x im a t e l y f

o r t y p e r c e n

t o f o u r d a t a i s f o r y e a r s s i n ce 2000

, a n d w e w i l l c o n t i n u e t o p r o ce ss

a n d a dd m o r e r ece n

t d a t a

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r d i d n o t p r o v i d e e v i d e n ce r e g a r d i n g t h e i r c o mm e n

t

qu e s t i o n i ng t h e qu a l i

t y o f m e t e o r o l o g i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s

.

A l t h o ug h f i v e y ea r s o f m e t e o r o l og i ca l d a t a i s p r e f e rr e d f o r a ss e s s i ng c h

r o n i c e x p o s u r e s

a n d r i s k s

, w e u s e a

s i n g l e y ea r o f m e t e o r o l og i c a l d a t a i n o u r r i s k a s s e s s m e n t s b eca u s e o f

A E R M OD m o d e l r u n t im e s

. B eca u s e w e f r e qu e n t l y r u n A E R M OD f

o r e n t i r e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r i e s

w i t h m a n y i n d i v i du a l e m i ss i o n p o i n t s a n d f o r m a n y r e ce p t o r s

, u s i n g f i v e y ea r s o f m e t e o r o l o g i c a l

d a t a w o u l d i n c r e a s e a l

r e a d y s i g n i f

i c a n t m o d e l r u n ti m e s b y a f

ac t o r o f f i v e c o m p a r e d t o a s i n g l e

y ea r

. I n a s e n s i

t i v i t y a n a l y s i s o f t h e i m

p ac t o f u s i n g a

s i n g l e y ea r o f m e t e o r o l o g i c a l d a t a

c o m p a r e d t o f i v e y e a r s

, w e f

o u n d t h a t m o d e l e d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s d i f

f e r e d b y l e ss t h a n t e n p e r ce n t

o n a v e r a g e a n d t h

u s

, t h e u s e o f o n e y ea r o f m e t e o r o l og i c a l d a t a i s n o t l i k e l y t o a pp r ec i a b l y a ff

e c t

t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t

.

C o m m e n t ( 36

, 138 ): T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 86

, 92 ) q

u e s t i o n e d w h y ce r t a i n f

ac t o r s

r ec o mm e n d e d b y t h e E P A i n t h e E J S E A T w e r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n t f o r t h i s

i ndu s t r y

. C o mm e n

t e r 08 6 s t a

t e d t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d c o n s i d e r a dd r e s s i ng e x i s t i n g

d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e im p ac t s o n mi n o r i

t y

, l o w

- i n c o m e o r i n d i g e n o u s p o pu l a t i o n s du r i n g r u l e m a k i ng

.

C o mm e n t e r 86 f u r t h e r r ec o mm e n d e d t h a t t h e E P A c o n du c t a f u l l e v a l u a t i o n o f h o w t h e r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t f o r t h i s s o u r ce c a

t e go r y c ou l d r e du ce r i s k s t o t h o s e c o mm u n i t i e s

. C o mm e n

t e r 9259

s t a t e d t h a t t h e e v a l

u a t i o n s h ou l d h a v e i n c l ud e d a n a ss e s s m e n t o f c h i l d h oo d b l oo d

- l e v e l s i n

n e i g h b o r h oo d s n ea r t h e s m e l t e r s

.

R e s p o n se : We n o t e t h a t E J S E A T i s c u rr e n t l y a d r a f t t o o l i n d e v e l op m e n

t

. T h e E P A

d i s a g r ee s t h a t a f

u ll a s s e ss m e n

t o f c h il d b l oo d

- l e v e l s s h ou l d h a v e b e e n i n c l u d e d i n i t s r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t

. W e n o t e t h a t t h e N A

AQ S f o r l ea d w a s u s e d a s a h e a l t h b e n c h m a r k v a l u e i n o u r r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t a n d i n d e v e l op i ng t h e NA A Q S f o r l ea d

, c h il d b l oo d

- l ea d l e v e l s w e r e a l r e a d y t a k e n

i n t o acc o u n t

. S e e s ec t i o n V

. A i n t h e f i n a l r u l e p r e a m

b l e a n d l a t e r r e s p o n s e s i n t h i s d o c u m e n t

.

M o r e o v e r

, w e a l s o n o t e t h a t w e d i d a d e m o g r a ph i c a n a l y s i s f

o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y a n d w i t h

r e s p ec t t o l ea d r i s k

, w e f

o u n d t h a t t h e p e r ce n

t a g e s o f s p e c i f

i c d e m o g r a

p h i c g r o up s ( e

. g

. , mi n o r i

t y

g r o up s, t h o s e b e l o w t h e p o v e r t y l e v e l ) l i v i ng a r o u n d t h e s e f a c i l i t i e s i n a r ea s w i

t h l e a d

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a b o v e t h e N A A Q S f

o r l ea d i s s imil a r t o t h e c o rr e s p o n d i n g n a t i o n a l p e r ce n t a g e s

f o r t h e s e g r o up s. I n a d d i

t i o n

, w e p e r f

o r m e d a s i mi l a r a n a l y s i s w i

t h r e s p ec t t o ca n ce r r i s k a b o v e 1

i n a m ill i o n

. I n b r i e f

, a l t h o ug h w e d i d f

i nd t h e p e r ce n

t a g e o f s o m e d e m o g r a

ph i c g r o up s a r o u n d

t h e s e f a c il i t i e s w i t h c a n ce r r i s k s a

b o v e 1 i n a m illi o n t o b e h i g h e r t h a n t h e i r c o rr e s p o n d i n g

n a t i o n a l p e r c e n

t a g e s ( e

. g

. , a g r e a

t e r p e r ce n t a g e o f m i n o r i

t i e s a n d t h o s e b e l o w t h e p o v e r t y l e v e l

l i v e a r o u n d s ec o n d a r y a l u m i n u m f a c il i t i e s a n d h a v e a ca n ce r r i s k g r ea t e r t h a n 1

- i n a mi ll i o n

c o m p a r e d t o t h e n a t i o n a l p e r c e n t a g e s f o r t h e s e g r oup s ; s e e R i s k a n d T ec h n o l og y R e v i e w -

A n a l y s i s o f S o c i o

- E c o n o mi c F ac t o r s f o r P o pu l a t i o n s L i v i ng N ea r S ec o n d a r y L ea d S m e l

t i ng

F a c il i t i e s i n t h e d o c k e t f

o r t h i s r u l e )

, w e n o t e t h a t p o s t

- c o n t r o l ca n ce r r i s k s w e r e s u b s t a n t i a ll y

r e du ce d f o r a l l d e m o g r a

p h i c g r o up s

. F o r e x a m

p l e

, t h e p r e c o n

t r o l M I R w a s e s t im a t e d t o b e

a b o u t 4 0 i n a m ill i o n

, b u t t h e p o s t

- c o n t r o l M I R w a s r e du ce d t o 8 i n a m ill i o n ( s ee R e s i d

u a l R i s k

A ss e s s m e n

t f o r t h e S ec o n d a r y L ea d S m e l t i n g S o u r ce C a t e g o r y a v a i l a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t f o r t h i s

r u l e )

.

M o r e im

p o r t a n t

, w h a t m a tt e r s i s w h e t h e r p e r s o n s e x p o s e d t o e mi s s i o n s f

r o m s ec o n d a r y

l ea d s m e l t e r s w ou l d e x

p e r i e n ce a n u n a c ce p t a

b l e l e v e l o f r i s k . T h e r u l e w i ll r e s u l t i n l ea d

e x p o s u r e s w h i c h a r e l e s s t h a n t h e l e a d NA A Q S a nd s ub s t a n t i a ll y r e du ce d c a n ce r r i s k s . T h e

NA A Q S i s i

t s e l f p r e d i ca t e d o n b e i n g p r o t ec t i v e w i t h a n a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f s a f e t y t o t h e m o s t

s u s ce p t i b l e s u b

- p o p u l a t i o n : c h il d r e n l i v i ng n ea r t h e s e s o u r ce s w h o a r e e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f

t h e s t a n d a r d a n d acc o u n

t s f o r m u l t i

- p a t h w a y i m p a c t s o f l o n g

- t e r m e m i ss i o n s

, a s w e ll a s t h e

d i ff e r e n t i a l i n c r e m e n

t a l r i s k o f P b f

ace d b y p o p u l a t i o n s a t d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s o f e x

p o s u r e

. S ee60

s ec t i o n V

. A o f t h e f

i n a l r u l e p r e a m

b l e a n d l a t e r r e s p o n s e s i n t h i s d o c u m e n t

. T h e s e s t a n d a r d s w i l l

t h e r e f o r e r e du ce r i s k o f e x

p o s u r e t o a n acce p t a

b l e l e v e l t o a ll g r o up s

.

C o m m e n t ( 52

, 159

, 187 ): T h r ee c o mm e n

t e r s ( 9 0

, 94

, 96 ) a

r gu e d t h a t t h e E P A s h o u l d

m o r e c l e a r l y s t a t e t h e c o n s e r v a t i v e n a t u r e o f i t s r i s k a ss e ss m e n

t

. C o mm e n

t e r s 90 a n d 96 s t a

t e d

t h a t t h e E P A o v e r e s t im a t e d t h e ca n ce r i n c i d e n ce f o r p o pu l a t i o n li v i ng a r o u n d t h e s m e l t e r s . T h e

E P A e s t im a t e s c a n ce r i n c i d e n ce b y m u l t i p l y i ng t h e e s t im a t e d ca n ce r r i s k f o r eac h c e n s u s b l o c k

b y t h e n u m b e r o f p e o p l e li v i ng w i

t h i n t h e b l o c k

. C a n ce r r i s k f o r eac h c e n s u s b l o c k i s e s t im a t e d

b y m u l t i p l y i ng l i f

e t im e a v e r a g e e x

p o s u r e b y a U n i

t R i s k E x p o s u r e ( U R E )

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s

c o n t e n d t h a t b eca

u s e c a n c e r i n c i d e n c e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e s e U R E ’ s

, t h e c a n ce r

i n c i d e n c e s a r e upp e r b o u n d e s t im a t e s t h a t m a y b e l o w e r t h a n p r e d i c t e d a n d c o u l d b e ze r o

. T h e

c o mm e n t e r r e qu e s t e d t h a t t h e E P A c l ea r l y i d e n t i f y t h e ca n ce r i n c i d e n ce e s t im a t e s a s upp e rb o u n d e s t im a t e s a n d e x

p l a i n t h a t ac t u a l c a n ce r i n c i d e n c e c o u l d b e a s l o w a s ze r o

.

C o mm e n t e r 94 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A

s h o u l d n o t m a k e a n d l a y e r c o n s e r v a t i v e a ss u m p t i o n s

t h a t y i e l d r i s k s t h a t a r e c l ea r l y o u t o f li n e w i t h a n y r i s k f

a ce d i n t h e r e a l w o r l d . T h e c o mm e n t e r s

c i t e d t h e E P A ’ s u s e o f t h e m a x i m u m e x p o s e d i n d i v i du a l ( M E I)

. T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t

t h e u s e o f t h e M E I a l o n e r e s u l t s i n a n o v e r e s t im a t i o n o f c a n ce r r i s k s b y a t l ea s t a f ac t o r o f t h

r ee

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r c i t e d t h e S up e r f

u n d c o n t e x t i n w h i c h t h e E P A “ r ec o gn i z e s a n d p l a c e s

lim i t s o n t h e a

p p li ca t i o n s o f c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e s

... ” T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A

s h ou l d m a k e c l ea r t h e c o n s e r v a t i v e n a t u r e o f i t s a s s u m p t i o n s a n d

s h ou l d a l s o a d o p t a r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t a pp r o ac h t h a t m ee t s t h e S up e r f u n d r ea s o n a

b l e m a x i m

u m e x p o s u r e ( R M E ) d e f

i n i t i o n

.

R e s p o n se : T h e E P A d i s a g r ee s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t i t d o e s n o t d e s c r i b e t h e n a t u r e o f

i t s r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t s

, i n c l u d i ng t h e i

r l im i t a t i o n s

, un ce r t a i n

t i e s

, a n d t h e p o ss i b l e i n

t e r p r e t a t i o n s o f

r e s u l t s

. I n d ee d

, i n t h i s p r o p o s e d r u l e a n d i n t h e r i s k a ss e ss m e n t d o c u m e n

t a t i o n acc o m

p a ny i ng i t

,

a s i n a ll R T R r u l e m a k i n g s

, t h e r e a r e l e n g t h y s ec t i o n s d i s c u s s i ng t h e un ce r t a i n t i e s a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h

ea c h s t e p o f t h e a ss e s s m e n t p r o ce ss

, i n c l u d i ng j u s t i f i ca t i o n s f o r h e a l t h

- p r o t e c t i v e a s s u m

p t i o n s t o

c o v e r u n ce r t a i

n t y g a p s

, w h e r e a

pp r o p r i a t e

. A s o n e e x a m p l e

, t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t c l ea r l y s t a t e s

ca n ce r i n c i d e n ce e s t im a t e s a r e upp e r b o u n d a n d a c t u a l c a n ce r i n c i d e n ce c o u l d b e a s l o w a s ze r o

.

T h e r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t s t a t e s i n s ec t i o n 2

. 7 :61

F o r eac h ca r c i n o g e n i c H A P i n c l u d e d i n a n a ss e s s m e n t t h a t h a s a po t e n c y e s t im a t e

a v a i l a b l e

, i n d i v i du a l a n d p o pu l a t i o n c a n ce r r i s k s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d b y m u l t i p l y i ng t h e

c o r r e s p o n d i n g l i f

e t im e a v e r a g e e x

p o s u r e e s t im a t e b y t h e a

pp r o p r i a t e U R E

. T h i s

c a l c u l a t e d ca n ce r r i s k i s d e f i n e d a s t h e upp e r- b o und p r o b a b il i t y o f d e v e l op i ng c a n ce r

o v e r a 70

- y

r p e r i o d ( i

. e

., t h e a ss u m e d h u m a n l i f e s p a n ) a t t h a t e x

p o s u r e

. B eca

u s e U R E s

f o r m o s t H A P s a r e upp e r

- b o u n d e s t im a t e s

, ac t u a l r i s k s a t a g i v e n e x p o s u r e l e v e l m a y b e

l o w e r t h a n p r e d i c t e d

, a n d c o u l d b e ze r o

.

T h e E P A f

u r t h e r n o t e s t h a t i

t d o e s n o t c u r

r e n t l y u s e t h e m a x i m

u m e x p o s e d i n d i v i d

u a l

( M E I ) m e t r i c i n i

t s c h r o n i c r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t s

, i n s t ea d u s i n g t h e m a x i m u m i n d i v i du a l r i s k ( M I R )

m e t r i c f o r t h e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y

-- w h i c h i s d e f

i n e d a s t h e ca n ce r r i s k a ss o c i a t e d w i t h a li f e t im e o f

e x p o s u r e a t t h e h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h ca r c i n o g e n i c H A P e m i ss i o n s f r o m t h e

s o u r ce c a t e g o r y . T h e M I R i s e s t im a t e d a t a l o ca t i o n w h e r e p e o p l e l i v e

, w h e r e a s t h e M E I i s

e s t im a t e d a t a l o ca t i o n o n t h e p r o p e r t y b o u n d a r y o f a f

a c il i t y ( s ee s ec t i o n 2

. 3 o f t h e f i n a l r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t f o r a d e s c r i

p t i o n o f t h e M I R a n d s ec t i o n 4

. 1 f o r a d e s c r i

p t i o n o f u n ce r t a i n

t i e s

a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h t h e M I R e s t im a t e )

. S ee s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 )( A ) e ss e n

t i a ll y d i c t a t i n g s u c h a n

a pp r o ac h

.

C o m m e n t ( 138 ): C o mm e n t e r 9 2 s t a t e s t h a t t h e E P A

s h ou l d h a v e c o n du c t e d t h e s o c i oec o n o mi c a n a l y s i s s e p a r a t e l y f o r eac h o f t h e 14 s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t i n g f a c il i t i e s

, r a t h e r t h a n

c o m b i n i ng t h e o u

t c o m e f o r a ll t h e f

a c il i t i e s

.

R e s p o n se : T he E P A d i s a g r ee s t h a t i t s h ou l d h a v e c o n du c t e d t h e s o c i o

- ec o n o mi c a n a l y s i s

s e p a r a t e l y f

o r eac h o f t h e 14 s ec o n d a r y l e a d s m e l t i n g f ac i l i t i e s

, r a t h e r t h a n c o m

b i n i ng t h e

o u t c o m e f o r a l l t h e f

a c il i t i e s

. A s n o t e d i n t h e p r ea m b l e a n d d e m o g r a

ph i c s a n a l y s i s

, t h e pu r

p o s e

o f t h e d e m o g r a

ph i c s a n a l y s i s w a s t o i d e n t i f y d e m o g r a

ph i c g r o up s t h a t m a y b e im p ac t e d b y t h e

p r o p o s e d r u l e

. F o r t h i s pu r p o s e

, t h e E P A b e li e v e s t h a t a s o u r ce

- ca t e g o r y w i d e s o c i o

- ec o n o mi c

a n a l y s i s i s a r ea s o n a b l e a pp r o ac h

.

C o m m e n t ( 123 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 1 qu e s t i o n e d s e v e r a l a s p e c t s o f t h e a i r d i s p e r s i o n

m o d e l i ng c o n du c t e d b y t h e E P A

, i n c l u d i ng :

• F a i l u r e t o acc o u n

t f o r d r y d e p l e t i o n

.

• F a i l u r e t o i n c l

u d e b u i l d i ng p r o f

il e d a t a i n d o w n

w a s h c a l c u l a t i o n s

.62

• U s i n g o n e d e g r ee r a t h e r t h a n 7

. 5 mi nu t e t o e s t im a t e g r o u n d l e v e l a n d h il l h e i g h t

e l e v a t i o n s c l o s e t o a s o u r c e

.

• F a i l u r e t o r e l y o n ac t u a l b o u n d a r y d a t a

.

• M i s c h a r ac t e r i z i ng t h e s t ac k h e i g h t a n d d i a m e t e r a nd e x i

t t e m p e r a t u r e a n d l o ca t i o n o f t w o

s o u r ce s a t t h e D o e R

u n f a c il i t y

.

• M o d e li n g f

u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s w i

t h a r e l ea s e h e i g h

t o f 10 f e e t r a t h e r t h a n a s b e i ng e m i

tt e d

f r o m a b u i l d i ng t h a t i s 80 f ee t h i g h

.

• I n c l u d i ng r e s u l

t s f r o m t w o m o n i

t o r s l o ca t e d w i

t h i n B u i c k R e c y c l i n g ’ s f

e n ce li n e a n d

r e l y i ng o n a t h

r ee

- m o n t h a v e r a g e l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n l e v e l t h a t o cc u r

r e d du r i n g up s e t

c o n d i t i o n

.

• L ac k o f c l a r i

t y r e g a r d i n g w h e t h e r a l l o w a b l e e mi ss i o n s i n c o r po r a t e d e n f o r cea b l e e m i ss i o n

r e s t r i c t i o n t h a t a

r e c u rr e n t l y i n p l a ce

.

R e s p o n se : W e a g r ee t h a t ac c o u n t i n g f o r d r y d e p l e t i o n w o u l d r e s u l t i n l o w e r e s t im a t e d

a i r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s

. H o w e v e r

, t h e im

p ac t o f d r y d e p l e t i o n o n g a s e o u s e mi s s i o n s i s u s u a ll y n o t

s i g n i f i c a n t

, a n d f o r p a r t i c u l a t e e mi ss i o n s t h e im

p a c t d e p e n d s o n m

u l t i p l e f ac t o r s, i n c l u d i ng t h e

d i s t a n ce f r o m t h e s o u r ce t o t h e r ece p t o r

, a n d p a r t i c l e p r o p e r t i e s . T h e im

p ac t o f d e p l e t i o n o n

m a x i m u m e s t im a t e d a i

r c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d r i s k s l i k e l y w ou l d b e m i n i m a l b eca u s e o f t h e s h o r

t

d i s t a n ce b e t w e e n t h e s o u r ce s a n d r ece p t o r s. A t l o ng e r d i s t a n c e s

, t h e im

p ac t w o u l d b e g r ea t e r

,

b u t t h e e x t e n

t o f t h a t im

p ac t i s d i ff

i c u l t t o e s t im a t e b eca

u s e w e t y p i c a ll y d o n o t h a v e s u f

f i c i e n t

p a r t i c l e p r o p e r

t y d a t a ( ae r o d yn a m i c p a r t i c l e d i a m e t e r s, p a r t i c l e d e n s i

t i e s

, a n d m a ss f

r ac t i o n s ) t o

m o d e l d e p l e t i o n

. A l s o

, d e p o s i t e d e mi s s i o n s c a n b e r e s u s p e n d e d i n t h e a i r

, a n d p l u m e d e p l e t i o n

d o e s n o t ac c o u n

t f o r t h a t

.

W e a g r ee t h a t

, i

n ce r t a i n ca s e s

, b u i l d i ng d o w n w a s h c a n r e s u l

t i n h i g h e r e s t im a t e d a i

r

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s n ea r b u il d i n g s ( up t o f i v e t o t e n b u i l d i ng h e i g h

t s a w a y )

. H o w e v e r

, t h e im

p ac t o f

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d o s e -r e s p o n s e v a l u e s

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v u l n e r a b l e p o pu l a t i o n s b y f a i l i ng t o acc o u n

t f o r t h e i n c r ea s e d s u s ce p t i b il i t y o f c h i l d r e n a n d t h e

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s u s ce p t i b il i

t y o f i n f a n t s a n d c h il d r e n t o p e s t i c i d e s i s r e q u i r e d f o r r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t s c o n du c t e d

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t y P r o t e c t i o n A c t a n d t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d u s e t h i s s t a t u t e a s a m o d e l t o

i n c o r po r a t e i n t o i t s r e s i du a l r i s k a s s e ss m e n t

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d67

“ a ss u m e t h a t t h e m a x i m

u m e x p o s e d i n d i v i du a l i s a c h il d o r p r e g n a n t w o m a n

, c o n du c t a n

e v a l u a t i o n o f h e a l

t h r i s k s t h a t i n c o r

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e e x p o s u r e

, a n d s e t c h il dp r o t e c t i v e s t a n d a r d s

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, t h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A m a y n o t s im p l y r e l y

o n t h e l ea d N A A Q S t o p r o t e c t c h il d r e n . T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A m

u s t i n c o r po r a t e

t h e b e s t a v a i l a b l e i n f

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u d i ng t h e C H P A C r ec o mm e n d a t i o n a n d C a l i f o r n i a ’ s c u rr e n

t

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,

t h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d e x a m i n e d e v e l op m e n t s i n t h e m e t h o d o l o g y o f

C a l i f o r n i a ’ s O f

f i ce o f E nv i r o n m e n

t a l H e a l t h H a z a r d A s s e ss m e n

t ( O E HH A ) ’ s t h a t c o u l d a ff ec t

t h e d e v e l op m e n

t o f R f C a n d U R E v a l

u e s . T h e c o m m e n

t e r a l s o s t a

t e d t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d

c o n s i d e r a n d a

p p l y i t s 2008 h a n d b oo k o n c h il d

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t e r e x p r e s s e d s upp o r

t f o r t h e E P A ’ s im

p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e 2005

Supp l e m e n t a l G u i dan ce f o r A ss e ss i ng Su s ce

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t h e a ss e ss m e n

t o f c a n ce r r i s k f

r o m P O M e mi ss i o n s, b u t c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d f o l l o w t h e

l ea d o f O E H H A o n t h e i ss u e o f a g e

- d e p e n d e n t a d j u s t m e n t f ac t o r s f o r ca r c i n o g e n s . T h e

c o mm e n t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e 2005 S upp l e m e n t a l G u i d a n c e w a s g e n e r a t e d i n 2006 a n d m u s t b e

upd a t e d t o i n c o r

po r a t e m o r e r ece n

t e v a l u a t i o n s o f ca r c i n o g e n i c m o d e s o f ac t i o n . T h e c o mm e n t e r

f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t t h e 2005 S upp l e m e n t a l G u i d a n c e d o e s n o t acc o u n t f o r i n c r ea s e d c a n ce r r i s k

r e s u l t i n g f r o m p r e n a t a l e x

p o s u r e

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s l ac k o f a n a l y s i s r e g a r d i n g i n c r e a s e d ea r l y l i f e

s u s ce p t i b il i

t y t o H A P e mi ss i o n s “ s y s t e m a t i c a ll y u nd e r e s t im a t e s r i s k ” f r o m t h e f o l l o w i ng

p o ll u t a n t s :

• H e x a v a l e n

t C h r o mi u m

• D i o x i n s

• A r s e n i c

• C a d mi u m

• P O M

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t f a il i ng t o ac c o u n

t f o r ea r l y l i f

e v u l n e r a b il i t y a n d i n c r ea s e d

r i s k s t o c h il d r e n a dd s a d d i t i o n a l u n c e r t a i n

t y t o t h e r i s k s f

r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y . T h e

c o mm e n t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e F oo d Q u a l i t y P r o t e c t i o n A c t u s e s a n u n ce r t a i n t y f ac t o r o f t e n t o

acc o u n t f o r t h i s t y p e o f i n c r e a s e d un ce r t a i n t y a n d r ec o mm e n d e d t h a t t h e E P A

, a t a mi n i m u m

, d o

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.68

R e s p o n s e : W i

t h r e s p ec t t o e x

p o s u r e s t o e mi ss i o n s o f l ea d , E P A b e li e v e s t h a t t h e l ea d

NA A Q S i s a r ea s o n a b l e h e a l t h b e n c h m a r k f

o r d e t e r mi n i ng r i s k acce p t a b il i t y a n d f o r t h e

p r o t e c t i o n o f c h il d r e n . T h e NA A Q S f o r l e a d w a s s e t t o p r o t e c t

, w i t h a n a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f

s a f e t y

, t h e h e a l

t h o f c h i l d r e n a n d o t h e r a t

- r i s k p o p u l a t i o n s a g a i n s t a n a rr a y o f a d v e r s e h e a l t h

e ff ec t s

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, p a r t i c u l a r l y n e u r o b e h a v i o r a l a n d

n e u r o c o gn i

t i v e e ff ec t s

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. M o r e o v e r

, a s n o t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i ng t h

r ee c i t a t i o n s i n

d e t e r mi n i ng t h e NA A Q S f o r l ea d , E P A s p e c i f

i c a ll y t o o k i n

t o acc o u n t c h il d r e n li v i ng n ea r t h e s e

t y p e s o f f a c il i t i e s

.

73 F R 67000 /3

-- (“ T h e f

r a m e w o r k i n e ff

ec t f o c u s e s o n t h e s e n s i

t i v e s u b p o p u l a t i o n

t h a t i s t h e g r o u

p o f c h i l d r e n li v i ng n ea r s o u r ce s a nd m o r e l i k e l y t o b e e x

p o s e d a t

t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d . T h e e v i d e n ce

- b a s e d f r a m e w o r k e s t im a t e s a m e a n a irr e l a t e d I Q l o ss f

o r t h i s s u b p o p u l a t i o n o f c h il d r e n ; it d o e s n o t e s t im a t e a m e a n f o r

a l l U

. S

. c h il d r e n ” ; )

.

73 F R 67002 / 3

-- “ M o r e s p e c i f i c a ll y

, i n a

p p l y i ng t h e e v i d e n ce

- b a s e d f r a m e w o r k

,

w e a r e f o c u s e d o n a s ub p o p u l a t i o n o f U

. S

. c h il d r e n

, t h o s e li v i ng n e a r a i r s o u r ce s

a n d m o r e li k e l y t o b e e x

p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d

. W h i l e t h e a i r r e l a t e d P b

i n t h e b l oo d o f t h i s s u b p o p u l a t i o n i s e x p ec t e d t o b e g r e a

t e r t h a n t h a t f

o r t h e

g e n e r a l p o pu l a t i o n g i v e n t h e i r g r ea t e r a i

r-r e l a t e d P b e x

p o s u r e

, w e d o n o t h a v e

i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e m e a n t o t a l b l oo d P b l e v e l ( o r

, m o r e s p e c i f i ca ll y

, t h e n o n a i r

c o m p o n e n t ) f o r t h i s s u b p o p u l a t i o n

. H o w e v e r

, e v e n i f w e w e r e t o a ss u m e

, a s a n

e x t r e m e h y

p o t h e t i c a l e x a m

p l e

, t h a t t h e m e a n f

o r t h e g e n e r a l p o p u l a t i o n o f U

. S

.

c h i l d r e n i n c l ud e d ze r o c o n t r i b u t i o n f r o m a i r-r e l a t e d s o u r ce s, a n d a dd e d t h a t t o o u r

e s t im a t e o f a i

r r e l a t e d P b f

o r t h i s s u b p o p u l a t i o n

, t h e r e s u l t w o u l d s t i l l b e b e l o w

t h e l o w e s t m e a n b l oo d P b l e v e l a m o n g t h e s e t o f qu a n t i t a t i v e C

– R a n a l y s e s

. ” ;

73 F R 67005 / 1 --( “ t h e a i

r-r e l a t e d I Q l o ss f

r a m e w o r k p r o v i d e s e s t im a t e s f

o r t h e

m e a n a i r-r e l a t e d I Q l o ss o f a s ub s e t o f t h e p o pu l a t i o n o f U

. S

. c h il d r e n

, a n d t h e r e

a r e u n ce r t a i n

t i e s a s s o c i a t e d w i

t h t h o s e e s t im a t e s

. I t p r o v i d e s e s t im a t e s f o r t h a t

s ub s e t o f c h i l d r e n l i k e l y t o b e e x p o s e d t o t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d

, w h i c h i s

g e n e r a ll y e x

p ec t e d t o b e t h e s u b p o p u l a t i o n o f c h i l d r e n li v i ng n ea r s o u r ce s w h o a r e

l i k e l y t o b e m o s t h i g h l y e x p o s e d

. ” )

I n a d d i t i o n

, i n r e v i e w i ng a n d s u s t a i n i ng t h e p r im a r y l e a d NAAQ S

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e D

. C

. C i r c u i t

s p e c i f i ca l l y s t a t e d t h a t :

“ E P A e x p l a i n e d t h a t t h e s c i e n

t i f i c e v i d e n ce s h o w i n g t h e im p ac t o f l ea d e x

p o s u r e

i n y ou n g c h i l d r e n i n t h e U n i

t e d S t a t e s l e d i t ‘ t o g i v e g r ea t e r p r o mi n e n ce t o

c h i l d r e n a s t h e s e n s i

t i v e s u b p o p u l a t i o n i n t h i s r e v i e w ’ a n d t o f o c u s i t s r e v i s i o n o f

t h e l ea d N A A Q S o n t h e ‘ s e n s i t i v e s u b p o p u l a t i o n t h a t i s t h e g r o u p o f c h i l d r e n

l i v i ng n e a r [ l e a d e mi ss i o n ] s o u r ce s a n d m o r e li k e l y t o b e e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f69

t h e s t a n d a r d

. ’ G i v e n t h e s c i e n t i f i c e v i d e n c e o n w h i c h i

t r e li e d , E P A ’ s d e c i s i o n t o

b a s e t h e r e v i s e d l ea d N A A Q S o n p r o t ec t i n g t h e s u b s e t o f c h i l d r e n li k e l y t o b e

e x p o s e d t o a i

r b o r n e l ea d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d w a s n o t a rb i t r a r y o r

ca p r i c i o u s

. ” C o a l i

t i o n o f B a tt e r y R e c y c l e rs

, 604 F

. 3d a t 61 8

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r n o n e t h e l e s s n o t e d t h a t i n s e tt i n g t h e NA A Q S

, t h e E P A r e c o gn i ze d t h a t

t h e r e w o u l d b e g r ea t e r im p ac t s t o t h e m o r e e x

p o s e d i n d i v i du a l s . T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t

c h i l d r e n li v i ng n ea r s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t e r s a r e n o t o n l y a p o pu l a t i o n w i t h i n c r e a s e d

s u s ce p t i b il i

t y

, b u t t h e y a l s o f

a ce e l e v a t e d l e v e l s o f e x

p o s u r e b e c a

u s e t h e y l i v e n ea r s ec o n d a r y

l ea d s m e l t e r s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e s t h a t E P A ’ s s t a f

f p a p e r f o r t h e l ea d N A A Q S s h o w s t h a t

c h i l d r e n li v i ng n ea r t h e l ea d s m e l t i n g f a c il i t i e s w ou l d s t ill b e s u b

j ec t t o a n I Q l o ss a s h i g h a s 3

. 9

( a t t h e m e d i a n ) t o 7

. 3 ( a

t t h e 95 th p e r ce n

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. 0 2 i n s t ea d

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t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h i s s h o w s t h a t a n a m b i e n t a i r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 0

. 02

μ g /m 3 w o u l d n o t ac h i e v e a n acce p t a b l e l e v e l o f r i s k f

o r c h il d r e n li v i ng n ea r a s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r

, l e t a l o n e p r o v i d e a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A m

u s t

s e t a r e s i du a l r i s k s t a n d a r d t h a t p r e v e n t s t h e l o c a l a m

b i e n t l e a d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n f r o m e x cee d i ng t h e

C H P A C -r ec o mm e n d e d l im i t o f 0

. 02 μ g /m

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.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t i n c h oo s i n g t h e l ea d NA A Q S

, t h e E P A “ c h o s e t o a l l o w a n

I Q p o i n t l o ss f o r t h e c h i l d r e n

... l i v i ng n ea r l ea d s m e l t i n g f a c il i t i e s

, a b o v e t h e 1 t o 2 p o i n t s t h a t i s

c o n s i d e r e d t o b e “ h i g h l y

s i g n i f i ca n t f r o m a pub l i c h e a l

t h p e r s p ec t i v e

, ” a n d a

b o v e t h e 2 p o i n

t s

t h a t i s c o n s i d e r e d t o a l l o w a n “ a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f s a f e t y ” f o r t h e n a t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n l e v e l o f

e x p o s e d c h il d r e n

. ” T h e r e f

o r e

, r e p li ca t i n g t h e NA A Q S i n t h i s r u l e m a k i ng f a il s t h e s ec t i o n

112 ( f )( 2 ) t e s t t o p r o v i d e a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y t o c o mm

u n i t i e s n ea r s ec o n d a r y l e a d

s m e l t e r s

.

I n e s t a b l i s h i ng t h e 2008 P b NA A Q S , E P A r ec o gn i ze d t h a t m o r e h i g h l y e x p o s e d

i n d i v i du a l s w e r e a t r i s k o f g r ea t e r a d v e r s e e ff ec t s f r o m l ea d

, a n d

E P A p r o m

u l g a t e d a r e v i s e d P b

NA A Q S t h a t w o u l d p r o v i d e t h e r e q u i s i t e d e g r ee o f p r o t e c t i o n

, w i t h a n a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f

s a f e t y

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t h o f t h e s e i n d i v i d

u a l s

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i ca ll y t a r g e t i n g p r o t e c t i o n a t c h il d r e n li v i ng n ea r

s o u r ce s o f l ea d e mi ss i o n s e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d

, a s d e m o n s t r a t e d a b o v e

. E P A d i d

n o t f i nd t h a t t h i s s t a n d a r d w o u l d r e s u l t i n g r ea t e r I Q l o ss f

o r c h i l d r e n l i v i ng n e a r l ea d s o u r ce s

.

A s s h o w n a

b o v e

, t h e s e a r e p r e c i s e l y t h e s u s ce p t i b l e s ub p o p u l a t i o n a t w h i c h t h e s t a n d a r d i s

t a r g e t e d

. E P A ’ s d e t e r mi n a t i o n t h a t t h i s s u s ce p t i b l e s ub p o p u l a t i o n w o u l d b e e x p o s e d t o a n a i

rr e l a t e d I Q l o ss o f n o m o r e t h a n 2 p o i n t s w a s s uppo r t e d b y t h e e v i d e n ce

- b a s e d f r a m e w o r k ( i

. e

.70

e p i d e m i o l og i c a l s t u d i e s a n d r e l a t e d m a t e r i a l s ) t h a t w a s t h e p r im a r y b a s i s f o r E P A ’ s d e c i s i o n

.

S ee 73 F R a t 67006

, w h e r e t h e A g e n c y e x p l a i n e d

T h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r n o t e s t h a t t h e e v i d e n ce

- b a s e d f r a m e w o r k i n d i c a t e s t h a t f o r

s t a n d a r d l e v e l s a b o v e 0

. 15 ų g / m 3

, t h e e s t im a t e d m ea n a i r-r e l a t e d I Q l o ss i n t h e

s ub p o p u l a t i o n o f c h i l d r e n e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d w ou l d r a n g e i n

a l m o s t a l l c a s e s f

r o m a b o v e 2 p o i n

t s t o 5 p o i n

t s o r m o r e w i

t h t h e r a n g e o f a i r- t ob l oo d r a t i o s c o n s i d e r e d

. H e c o n c l ud e s

, i n li g h t o f h i s c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f a l l o f t h e

e v i d e n c e

, i n c l u d i n g t h e f

r a m e w o r k d i s c u s s e d a b o v e

, t h a t t h e p r o t e c t i o n f r o m a irr e l a t e d P b e f

f e c t s a t t h e h i g h e r b l oo d P b l e v e l s t h a t w o u l d b e a l l o w e d b y s t a n d a r d s

a b o v e 0

. 15 ų

g / m 3 w o u l d n o t b e s u ff

i c i e n t t o p r o t e c t pub li c h e a l

t h w i t h a n

a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y

. I n a dd i

t i o n

, t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r n o t e s t h a t f o r s t a n d a r d

l e v e l s b e l o w 0

. 15 ų

g / m 3

, t h e e s t im a t e d m e a n I Q l o ss f r o m a i r-r e l a t e d P b i n t h e

s ub p o p u l a t i o n o f c h i l d r e n e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d w ou l d g e n e r a ll y b e

s o m e w h a t t o w e l l b e l o w 2 I Q p o i n t s r e g a r d l e s s o f w h i c h a i

r- t o

- b l oo d r a

t i o w i t h i n

t h e r a n g e o f r a t i o s c o n s i d e r e d w a s u s e d . T h e A d mi n i s t r a t o r c o n c l u d e s i n l i g h

t o f

a l l o f t h e e v i d e n ce

, i n c l u d i ng t h e e v i d e n ce

- b a s e d f r a m e w o r k

, t h a t t h e d e g r ee o f

pub l i c h e a l

t h p r o t e c t i o n t h a t s t a n d a r d s b e l o w 0

. 15 ų g / m 3 w o u l d l i k e l y a f

f o r d

w o u l d b e g r ea t e r t h a n w h a t i s n ec e ss a r y t o p r o t e c t pub l i c h e a l t h w i t h a n a d e qu a t e

m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s s t a t e m e n

t t h a t t h e m o s t s u s ce p t i b l e s u b p o p u l a t i o n a r e c h i l d r e n a l r ea d y

e x p o s e d a n d s o h a v i ng h i g h b l oo d l e a d l e v e l s . T h i s i s n o t c o rr e c t

. T h e m o s t n e u r o l og i c a ll y

s u s ce p t i b l e c h i l d r e n a r e t h o s e w i t h l o w e r

, n o t h i g h e r

, b l oo d l ea d l e v e l s . T h u s

, “ [ m ] u l

t i p l e

e p i d e m i o l og i c s t u d i e s o f P b a n d c h i l d d e v e l op m e n t h a v e d e m o n s t r a t e d i n v e r s e a ss o c i a t i o n

b e t w e e n b l oo d P b c o n ce n t r a t i o n s a n d c h il d r e n ’ s I Q a n d o t h e r c o gn i t i v e -r e l a t e d o u

t c o m e s

... . T h e

c u rr e n t e v i d e n c e

... w i

t h r e g a r d t o t h e qu a n

t i t a t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w ee n n e u r o c o g n i t i v e

d ec r e m e n t

, s u c h a s I Q

, a n d b l oo d P b l e v e l s i n d i ca t e s t h a t t h e s l o p e f o r P b e ff ec t s o n I Q i s n o nl i n ea r a n d i s s t ee p e r a t l o w e r b l oo d P b l e v e l s

, s u c h t h a t eac h [ m u ] g / d L i n c r ea s e i n b l oo d P b m a y

h a v e a g r ea t e r e f

f e c t o n I Q a

t l o w e r b l oo d P b l e v e l s

... t h a n a t h i g h e r l e v e l s

. ” 73 F R a t 66976

- 77 ;

t o t h e s a m e e ff

ec t

, s ee 73 F R a

t 6700 2

, 6700 4

. C o n s e qu e n t l y

, t h e m o s t s u s ce p t i b l e t a r g e t

p o pu l a t i o n f

o r n e u r o

- i m

p a i r m e n t a r e c h il d r e n li v i n g n ea r l ea d s o u r ce s e x p o s e d t o t h e l e v e l o f t h e

s t a n d a r d w h o d o n o t h a v e h i g h b l oo d l ea d l e v e l s

-- t h e p o pu l a t i o n t a r g e t e d f o r p r o t e c t i o n b y t h e

l ea d p r im a r y N A A Q S

. O t h e r l e s s s u s ce p t i b l e p o p u l a t i o n s

, i n c l u d i ng c h i l d r e n w i t h h i g h e r b l oo d

l ea d l e v e l s du e t o p a s t e x

p o s u r e s

, w i l l n e ce s s a r i l y b e acc o r d e d p r o t e c t i o n a s w e l l

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r a pp ea r s t o b a s i ng i

t s a ss e r t i o n s o n p o r

t i o n s o f E P A ’ s qu a n

t i t a t i v e

a ss e s s m e n

t r e p o r t p r e p a r e d f

o r t h e p r im a r y P b NA A Q S p r e p a r e d a s p a r t o f t h e NA A Q S r e v i e w71

p r o ce ss

. E P A

–452 / R –07–014 a a n d

E P A –452 / R

– 0 7–014 b. 5 T h e c o mm e n t e r g o e s t o o f

a r

.

A l t h o ug h t h e r e s u l

t s o f t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t w e r e g e n e r a ll y s upp o r

t i v e o f t h e e v i d e n ce

- b a s e d a irr e l a t e d I Q e s t im a t e s , E P A d i d n o t r e l y o n t h o s e e s ti m a t e s i n e s t a b l i s h i ng t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d

.

S ee 73 F R a t 67006

. T h e l ea d N A A Q S w a s b a s e d p r im a r i l y o n t h e s c i e n t i f i c e v i d e n ce a n d t o a

l e ss e r e x t e n

t t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e r i s k a n d e x

p o s u r e a ss e ss m e n

t

- - t h a t i s

, o n t h e e p i d e m i o l og i c

i n f o r m a t i o n r a t h e r t h a n o n t h e e x p o s u r e a n d r i s k a s s e ss m e n t du e t o i t s a ss o c i a t e d li m i

t a t i o n s a n d

u n ce r t a i n t i e s ( s ee 73 F R f

r o m 66979 t o 6698 2 )

. T h u s , E P A d i s a g r ee s t h a t t h e c u rr e n t o r p r e v i o u s

r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t r e p o r t s o r S t a f f P a p e r s p r o v i d e s a b a s i s f

o r c o n c l u d i n g t h a t t h e c u rr e n t N AA Q S

i s i n a d e qu a t e t o p r o t e c t t h e h e a l t h o f c h i l d r e n li v i n g n ea r s o u r ce s o f l ea d e mi ss i o n s a n d t h a t t h e

l ea d N A A Q S s e r v e s a s a r ea s o n a b l e m e a s u r e o f a c ce p t a

b l e r i s k

.

F u r t h e r m o r e

, w e d i s a g r ee w i t h t h e g e n e r a l c o mm e n

t t h a t E P A d o e s n o t c o n s i d e r t h e

g r o up s t h a t m a y b e m o s t a t

- r i s k i n i t s r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t s ( e

. g

, p r e g n a n

t w o m a n )

. B y p r o v i d i ng

p r o t e c t i o n t o t h e m o s t s u s ce p t i b l e p a r t s o f t h e p o p u l a t i o n

– h e r e

, c h i l d r e n li v i ng n e a r l ea d s o u r ce s

w i t h l o w b l oo d l e a d l e v e l s e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d

– t h e s t a n d a r d n ece s s a r il y

p r o v i d e s p r o t e c t i o n t o l e ss s u s ce p t i b l e p o pu l a t i o n s

. 7 3 F R a t 67005 / 1

. T h u s

, t h e l ea d N A A Q S

w a s b a s e d o n t h e p r e v e n

t i o n o f a d v e r s e h ea l

t h e ff e c t s o f c h i l d r e n b a s e d o n p r e v e n t i n g e ff ec t s t o

t h e d e v e l op i ng n e r v o u s s y s t e m i n c h i l d r e n li v i ng n ea r l ea d s o u r ce s a n d e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f

t h e s t a n d a r d

. S im i l a r l y

, w h e n E P A d e r i v e s e x

p o s u r e r e f

e r e n c e c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s a n d u n i

t r i s k

e s t im a t e s f

o r n o n

- l ea d H A P

, i

t a l s o c o n s i d e r s t h e m o s t s e n s i t i v e p o pu l a t i o n s i d e n

t i f i e d i n t h e

a v a i l a b l e l i

t e r a t u r e

, a n d im

p o r t a n t l y

, t h e s e a r e t h e v a l u e s u s e d i n o u r r i s k a s s e ss m e n t s ( s ee U S

E P A

. ( 2002 )

. A r e v i e w o f t h e r e f e r e n ce d o s e a n d r e f

e r e n ce c o n c e n

t r a t i o n p r o ce ss e s

.

E P A / 630 / P

- 02 / 002 F

. R i s k A s s e ss m e n t F o r u m

, W a s h i ng t o n D C

. A v a i l a b l e o n li n e a t

h tt p : / / www

. e p a

. g o v

/ r a f / p u b l i c a t i o n s /

p d f s / r f d

- f i n a l

. p d f)

. F i n a ll y

, w i

t h r e s p ec t t o m a t e r n a l

e x p o s u r e i n u t e r o s p ec i f

i c a ll y

, w e a r e u n a w a r e o f l i t e r a t u r e t h a t w o u l d a l l o w f

o r a r o b u s t

c h a r ac t e r i za t i o n o f r i s k du r i n g t h i s s t a g e o f d e v e l o p m e n t

.

W e f u r t h e r n o t e t h a t i n d e v e l op i ng t h e NA A Q S f o r l ea d

, b eca

u s e o f t h e m

u l t i

- p a t h w a y

,

m u l t i

- m e d i a i m

p ac t s o f l ea d

, t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n t s upp o r t i n g t h e N A A Q S c o n s i d e r e d d i r ec t

5 T h e c o mm e

n t e r r e f e r s t o t h e E PA S t a ff P a p e r fo r it s s t a t e m e n t

. H o w e v e r

, E PA h a s n o t b ee n a b l e t o f i n d o r dup li ca t e t h e qu a n ti f i e d nu m b e r s a pp ea

r i n g i n t h ei r c o mm e

n t

. T h e S t a ff P a p e r a

n d n o ti ce of f

i n a l r u l em a k

i n g (p

. 66982 ) i n d i c at e s a m e d i a

n a i r

- r el at e d I Q l o ss e s tim a t e d t o b e le ss t han 3

. 7 (u s i n g t h e h i g h e r c o n f i d e n ce l o g l i n ea

r CR f u n c ti o n

, a n d l e ss t h a n (1

. 2-5

. 1) v i a t

h e o t h e r 2 fu n c ti o n s ) fo r c h i l d r e n l i v i n g w i t

h i n 1

. 5 k m of pr i m a

r y s m e lt e r s

. 6 A n a p p r o a c h w h i c h h a s b ee n r e p e at e d l y u p h e l d b y t h e c o u r t s

. S ee

, e

. g

. A m e r i ca n T r u c k i ng Ass ’ n v

. E PA

, 283 F

. 3d a t 3 7 4 ; A m e

r i ca n F a r m B u r e a u v

. E PA

, 55 9 F

. 3 d a t 5 27 ( E PA j u s ti f

i e d i n n o t r e l y

i n g o n e xp o s u r e a

n d r i s k

a ss e ss m e n t t o s e t PM NAAQS g i v e n u n ce r t a i n ti e s i n h e

r e n t i n t h e s e a ss e ss m e n t s )

.72

i nh a l a t i o n e x

p o s u r e s a n d i n d i r ec t a i

r-r e l a t e d m

u l t i

- p a t h w a y e x p o s u r e s f r o m i ndu s t r i a l s o u r ce s

l i k e p r im a r y a n d

s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng o p e r a

t i o n s

. M o r e s p ec i f

i c a ll y , E P A a ss e ss e d t h e I Q

l o s s a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h t h e c u m

u l a t i v e e nv i r o n m e n

t a l i m p ac t o f l o n g

- t e r m e mi ss i o n s i n

c o mm u n i t i e s l i v i ng n ea r s t a t i o n a r y s o u r ce s o f P b e m i ss i o n s

, s p e c i f i ca l l y P b s m e l

t e r s

. ( U S E P A

,

2007 ; 73 F R 66979

- 66983

, a l s o s ee t h e l ea d N AAQ S H u m a n E x p o s u r e a n d H e a l

t h R i s k

A ss e s s m e n

t a v a i l a b l e a t h

t t p : / / e p a

. g o v /t t n / n aa q s / s t a n d a r d s /

p b / s

_ p b

_ c r

_ t d

. h t m l)

. A s n o t e d

, t h e s e

r i s k e s t im a t e s w e r e j udg e d t o b e g e n e r a l l y s upp o r t i v e o f t h e s c i e n t i f i c e v i d e n ce t h a t w a s t h e

p r im a r y b a s i s f

o r r e v i s i ng t h e l ea d N A A Q S ( 73 F R a t 67004 )

. T a k e n t o g e t h e r

, t h e E P A b e li e v e s

t h a t t h e l ea d N A A Q S i s a r ea s o n a b l e b e n c h m a r k t o u s e i n e v a l u a t i n g t h e po t e n t i a l f o r

m u l t i p a t h w a y h e a l t h e ff ec t s f r o m l ea d c o m

p o u n d s

.

F u r t h e r m o r e

, a s n o t e d i

n t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t d o c u m e n t

, t h e r e i s n o R f

D o r o t h e r

c o m p a r a b l e c h

r o n i c h e a l t h b e n c h m a r k v a l u e f

o r l e a d c o m

p o u n d s . T h a t i s

, i n 1988

, t h e E P A ’ s

I R I S p r o g r a m r e v i e w e d t h e h e a l t h e ff e c t s d a t a r e g a r d i n g l ea d a n d i

t s i n o r g a n i c c o m

p o u n d s a n d

d e t e r mi n e d t h a t i

t w o u l d b e i n a

pp r o p r i a t e t o d e v e l o p a n R f D f o r t h e s e c o m

p o u n d s

, s a y i ng

, “ A

g r ea t d e a l o f i n f

o r m a t i o n o n t h e h e a l

t h e ff ec t s o f l e a d h a s b e e n o b t a i n e d t h r o ug h d eca d e s o f

m e d i c a l o b s e r v a t i o n a n d s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . T h i s i n f

o r m a t i o n h a s b e e n a s s e s s e d i n t h e

d e v e l op m e n

t o f a i r a n d w a t e r qu a l i

t y c r i t e r i a b y t h e a g e n c y ' s O f

f i c e o f H e a l

t h a n d E nv i r o n m e n

t a l

A ss e s s m e n

t ( OH E A ) i n s upp o r t o f r e g u l a t o r y d e c i s i o n

- m a k i n g b y t h e O ff i c e o f A i r Q u a l i

t y

P l a nn i ng a n d S t a n d a r d s ( OAQ PS ) a n d b y t h e O ff i c e o f D r i n

k i ng W a t e r ( OD W )

. B y c o m p a r i s o n

t o m o s t o t h e r e nv i

r o n m e n t a l t o x i c a n

t s

, t h e d e g r ee o f u n c e r t a i n t y a b o u t t h e h e a l

t h e ff ec t s o f l ea d

i s q u i t e l o w

. I t a

pp ea r s t h a t s o m e o f t h e s e e ff ec t s

, p a r t i c u l a r l y c h a n g e s i n t h e l e v e l s o f ce r t a i n

b l oo d e n z y m e s a n d i n a s p ec t s o f c h i l d r e n ' s n e u r o b e h a v i o r a l d e v e l op m e n t

, m a y o cc u r a t b l oo d

l ea d l e v e l s s o l o w a s t o b e e ss e n t i a ll y w i t h o u t a t h r e s h o l d . T h e a g e n c y ' s R f

D W o r k G r o u

p

d i s c u s s e d i n o r g a n i c l e a d ( a n d l ea d c o m p o u n d s ) a t t w o m ee t i n g s ( 07 / 08 / 1985 a n d 07 / 22 / 1985 )

a n d c o n s i d e r e d i

t i n a pp r o p r i a t e t o d e v e l o p a n R f D f o r i n o r g a n i c l ea d

. ” T h e E P A ’ s I R I S

a ss e s s m e n

t f o r L ea d a n d c o m

p o u n d s ( i n o r g a n i c ) ( C A S R N 7439

- 92

- 1 )

,

h tt p : / / www

. e p a

. g o v

/ i r i s / s u b s t / 0277

. h

tm

.

W i t h r e s p ec t t o t h e c o mm e n t c o n ce r n i ng H A P e m i s s i o n s o t h e r t h a n l ea d

, t h e E P A

d i s a g r ee s w i

t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s a ss e r t i o n t h a t t h e c h

r o n i c n o n ca n ce r h e a l

t h b e n c h m a r k s u s e d f

o r

t h e a ss e ss m e n

t a r e n o t p r o t e c t i v e o f c h i l d r e n . T h e E P A u s e s R f C v a l u e s a n d c h

r o n i c R E L v a l u e s

t h a t a r e e x

p r e s s l y d e r i v e d w i

t h t h e i n t e n t i o n o f p r o t e c t i n g s e n s i

t i v e s u b p o p u l a t i o n s

, i n c l u d i ng

c h i l d r e n ( s ee U

. S

. E P A

. ( 200 2 )

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r e g a r d l e s s o f m o d e o f ac t i o n . T h e E P A b e l i e v e s t h e O E HH A a pp r o ac h i s u n

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o f s a f e t y ) i n d e t e r mi n i ng w h i c h l ea d r i s k s f r o m a i r

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m a y r e s u l t i n s t a n d a r d s w h i c h a r e t h e s a m e o r d i ff e r e n t d e p e n d i n g o n t h e f

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t a mi n a n t s i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e

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t e r

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t e r f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t r e s t r i c t i n g t h e m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t t o o n l y

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c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e 2003 G u i d a n ce d o e s n o t d i r ec t t h a t t h e m

u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k a ss e s s m e n

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t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t e x c l

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tt e d f r o m s ec o n d a r y l e a d

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i n s u ff i c i e n t t o r e l y o n t h e l ea d N A A Q S s t a n d a r d a s a b e n c h m a r k f o r m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k du e t o

l ea d . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t “ O n l y a f

o r w a r d c a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e e s t im a t e d c u m u l a t i v e a n d

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r e m e n t s f o r t h e

r e s i du a l r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t

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s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 )

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u a l r i s k a n a l y s i s r e q u i

r e d t o s e t s t a n d a r d s

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)( 2 )

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a n d “ p a s t ” a i

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r a m e w o r k i n s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 )

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NA A Q S f

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e ff ec t s

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t i v e e ff ec t s ( w h i c h a r e t h e m o s t e ff ec t s t o w h i c h c h i l d r e n a r e m o s t s e n s i t i v e ) ( 73 F R

a t 6700 7 )

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, a i r-r e l a t e d m

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r ea d y t a k e n i n

t o acc o u n t

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t 7 3 F R a t 66971 :

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, m

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m u l t i p a t h w a y e x p o s u r e t o P b t h a t h a s b e e n e m i tt e d i n t o t h e a m b i e n t a i r p l a y a k e y

r o l e i n t h e A g e n c y ’ s c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e P b N A A Q S

. ”

I n a d d i t i o n

, t h e c o mm e n

t e r i s c o rr ec t t h a t a d i s t i n c t i o n w a s m a d e b e t w ee n

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t t h e l ea d N A A Q S r e v i e w

( 73 F R 66980 )

. H o w e v e r

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t e r r e s p o n s e a t p a g e 72 o f t h i s d o c u m e n t

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t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t

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, t h e d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n “ r e ce n t ” a n d “ p a s t ” a i

r i n t h e r i s k a n d e x

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t s

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i n a l d ec i s i o n s r ea c h e d i n t h e l ea d N A A Q S

.

W e a l s o n o t e t h a t t h e r e i s n o s t a t u t o r y b a r t o t h e E P A d e t e r mi n i ng

, b a s e d o n t h e b e s t

s c i e n ce i t h a s

, t h a t t h e NA A Q S

, w h i c h i s t o p r o t e c t pub li c h e a l t h w i t h a n a d e qu a t e m a r g i n o f

s a f e t y w il l a l s o p r o t e c t pub li c h e a l t h f r o m l ea d c o m

p o u n d e mi ss i o n s w i

t h a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f

s a f e t y a s p r o v i d e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 )

.

C o m m e n t ( 229 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A f

a i l e d t o i n c l ud e a n e x

p o s u r e

s c e n a r i o t h a t a ss e ss e s c u m u l a t i v e r i s k f

r o m H A P s i n t h e u rb a n e nv i r o n m e n t a n d t h e r e f

o r e76

po t e n t i a ll y s i g n i f

i c a n t l y u n d e r e s t im a t e s r i s k s f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y . T h e c o mm e n t e r n o t e d

t h a t s o i l c o n

t a mi n a n t s a r e o f p a r t i c u l a r c o n ce r n t o c h i l d r e n du e t o p a r t i c u l a r b e h a v i o r s t h a t

i n c r e a s e t h e i

r e x p o s u r e s v i a i n c i d e n

t a l i ng e s t i o n . T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e E P A ’ s f

a il u r e

t o a ss e s s a n u r b a n c h i l d s c e n a r i o a s p a r t o f t h e c u m

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p o s u r e

t h a t m a y p o s e t h e m o s t s i g n i f i ca n t r i s k f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

. ”

T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t r e li e s o n

i n c i d e n t a l s o i l i ng e s t i o n e x

p o s u r e s t a k e n f

r o m t h e E P A ’ s 1997 E x

p o s u r e F ac t o r s H a n d

b oo k

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c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e s e v a l u e s a r e o u t d a t e d a n d t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d u s e m o r e r ece n t s t ud i e s

a n d e s t im a t e s f

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. T h e c o mm e n t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A

a l s o h a s a 2008 c h il d

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t f a i l e d t o c o n s i d e r

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c o mm e n t e r a l s o s t a

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a n d i n d i r ec t e x p o s u r e

.

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t e r i a f o r s e l e c t i n g t h e f

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t f o r t h e S ec o n d a r y L ea d S m e l t i n g S o u r ce C a t e g o r y ( a v a il a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t f o r t h i s

r u l e m a k i ng )

. A s n o t e d i n t h a t d o c u m e n t

, t h e E P A b e l i e v e s t h a t t h e s e l o ca t i o n s a r e i n t h e upp e r

e n d o f t h e po t e n

t i a l f o r m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k s f

r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y ( s ee p a g e 1 o f t h e

m u l t i p a t h w a y a s s e ss m e n

t a v a il a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t f o r t h i s r u l e )

. T h

u s

, e v e n t h o ug h n e i

t h e r o f

t h e s e s c e n a r i o s a r e i n a n u r b a n e nv i r o n m e n t

, w e b e l i e v e t h a t t h e y w e r e r ea s o n a b l e l o ca t i o n s t o

c o n du c t a m

u l t i p a t h w a y a s s e s s m e n

t

, e s p e c i a ll y c o n s i d e r i n g t h a t p r o x im i t y t o f a r m l a n d a n d

/ o r

f i s h a b l e l a k e s i s a m a

j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n f

o r a m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t

. W i t h r e s p ec t t o o u r

i nh a l a t i o n r i s k a ss e s s m e n t

, t h i s a s s e s s m e n

t w a s c o n du c t e d t o e v a l

u a t e e x p o s u r e s o cc u r

r i n g w i t h i n

50 k m o f ea c h f

a c il i t y i n t h e s o u r ce c a

t e go r y

. S ee 76 F R a t 2903 9

. T h u s

, a n y f a c il i t i e s l o ca t e d i n

u rb a n a r ea s w o u l d h a v e b e e n i n c l ud e d i n t h e i n h a l a t i o n r i s k a ss e s s m e n t

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s a s s e r t i o n t h a t E P A s h ou l d h a v e u s e d e s t im a t e s f o r c h il d r e n ’ s s o il

i ng e s t i o n f

r o m t h e upd a t e d ( 2009 ) E x p o s u r e F ac t o r s H a n d b oo k

, i n s t ea d o f t h e 1997 E x p o s u r e

F ac t o r s H a n d

b oo k ( ‘ E F H ’ )

, i s n o t w e l l t a k e n

. A t t h e t im e o f t h e m

u l t i p a t h w a y a ss e s s m e n

t

, t h e

2009 r e v i s i o n w a s a d r a f

t t h a t h a d b e e n r e l ea s e d f o r pub li c c o mm e n

t

. T h u s

, i t w a s p r e m a t u r e t o

a d o p t c o n c l

u s i o n s f r o m t h i s t y

p e o f d r a f t d o c u m e n

t

. W e n o w n o t e t h a

t t h i s d o c u m e n

t h a s

r ece n t l y b e e n f i n a l i ze d

, b u t t h a t i

t s u s e w o u l d n o t h a v e y i e l d e d a n y c h a n g e i n t h e s o i l i ng e s t i o n

r a t e s t h a t w e r e u s e d i n t h e a n a l y s i s t o s up p o r t t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e ( a s d e t a il e d b e l o w )

.77

F o r a du l t s

, t h e r ec o mm e n d e d c e n

t r a l t e n d e n c y ( i

. e

. , m e a n ) s o i l i ng e s t i o n r a t e i s 50

m g / d a y f o r b o t h t h e 1997 E F H a n d t h e 2009 d r a f t E F H ; a n d t h i s r a t e w a s u s e d i n t h e a n a l y s i s

u n d e r l y i ng t h i s r u l e . T h e 1997 E F H d i d n o t p r o v i d e a n upp e r p e r ce n t il e s o i l i ng e s t i o n r a t e f

o r

a d u l t s ; t h e r e f o r e

, a s n o t e d i n

T a b l e C

- 3 o f A

pp e n d i x C o f t h e b ac kg r o u n d d o c u m e n t ( H u m a n

H e a l t h M u l t i p a t h w a y R e s i du a l R i s k A s s e s s m e n t f o r t h e S ec o n d a r y L ea d S m e l t i n g S o u r ce

C a t e go r y )

, t h e E P A u s e d a n upp e r p e r ce n t il e v a l u e f

r o m S t a n e k e t a l

. 1997 . T h e d r a f t 2009 E F H

o n l y p r o v i d e s a n upp e r p e r ce n t il e i n g e s t i o n r a t e f

o r a d u l t s t h a t i s r e f

l ec t i v e o f g e o p h a g y ( i

. e

. d i r tea t i n g ) b e h a v i o r

, w h i c h w e b e l i e v e w o u l d r e s u l t i n o v e r l y c o n s e r v a t i v e r i s k r e s u l t s a n d

, a s s u c h

,

i s n o t a pp r o p r i a t e f

o r t h i s t y p e o f r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t

.

A s p r o v i d e d i n

T a b l e C

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pp e n d i x C o f t h e b a c kg r o u n d d o c u m e n t H u m a n H e a l

t h

M u l t i p a t h w a y R e s i du a l R i s k A s s e ss m e n t f o r t h e S ec o n d a r y L e a d S m e l t i ng S o u r c e C a t e g o r y

, t h e

C h i l d

- S p e c i f

i c E F H ( C S E F H ) w a s u s e d b y t h e E P A

, w h e r e a p p l i c a b l e

, f

o r c h il d s o i l i ng e s t i o n

r a t e s. T h e C S E F H -r ec o mm e n d e d c e n t r a l

- t e n d e n c y i ng e s t i o n r a t e o f 50 m g / d a y w a s u s e d i n t h e

a n a l y s i s ( n o t e t h a t t h i s v a l u e i s o n e

- h a l f t h e m e a n 100 m g / d a y i ng e s t i o n r a t e r e c o mm e n d e d f o r

c h i l d r e n i n t h e 1997 E F H )

. H o w e v e r

, f o r t h e upp e r p e r ce n

t il e i ng e s t i o n r a t e

, t h e 1997 E F H

r ec o mm e n d e d i ng e s t i o n r a t e o f 400 m g / d a y w a s u s e d f

o r y o u n g c h i l d r e n ( t h o s e l e s s t h a n 6 y ea r s

o l d ) b e c a u s e t h e 2008 C S E F H o n l y p r o v i d e s upp e r p e r ce n t il e i ng e s t i o n r a t e s t h a t a r e r e f l ec t i v e o f

p i ca a n d g e o p h a g y b e h a v i o r s

, w h i c h

, a s n o t e d a b o v e

, w e b e l i e v e w ou l d r e s u l t i n o v e r l y

c o n s e r v a t i v e r i s k e s t im a t e s

. F o r o l d e r c h i l d r e n ( 6 y ea r s o f a g e a n d o l d e r) w e a ss u m e t h e s a m e

s o il i ng e s t i o n r a t e a s f

o r t h a t o f t h e a d

u l t

.

W i t h r e g a r d s t o i n c i d e n

t a l s o il c o n

t a mi n a t i o n

, t h e E P A h a s e s t im a t e d r i s k s f r o m b o t h

d i r ec t a n d i n d i

r ec t p a t h w a y s

. D i r ec t r o u t e s o f e x p o s u r e i n c l ud e d i

r ec t i n g e s t i o n o f s o i l a n d

e x p o s u r e t h r o ug h d e r m a l c o n

t ac t

. H o w e v e r

, b eca

u s e i t h a s b e e n d e m o n s t r a t e d i n p a s t a n a l y s e s

t h a t e x p o s u r e l e v e l s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h d e r m a l c o n

t a c t a r e b u t a s m a ll f

r ac t i o n o f e x

p o s u r e l e v e l s

a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h i n g e s t i o n a n d i nh a l a t i o n p a t h w a y s

, d e r m a l e x

p o s u r e s w e r e n o t a ss e s s e d f o r

s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s

. I n d i r ec t s o i l

- e x

p o s u r e p a t h w a y s a r e a s s e ss e d t h

r o ug h a n a l y s i s o f t h e

c o n s u m p t i o n o f p r o du ce a n d a n i m a l p r o du c t s t h a t a r e g r o w n o r r a i s e d i n c o n t a mi n a t e d s o il s

.

C o m m e n t ( 229 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s o v e r a ll r i s k a s s e s s m e n t i s

i n c o m p l e t e b eca

u s e i t f a i l s t o a d d t h e i n h a l a t i o n a nd m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t s i n o r d e r t o

c o m e up w i

t h a t o t a l r i s k t h a t t h e E P A a n d t h e pub li c c a n a n a l y ze . T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t

t h e E P A s h ou l d u s e t h i s t o t a l r i s k t o d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e r i s k s f r o m s ec o n d a r y l e a d78

s m e l t e r s a r e acce p t a

b l e a n d w h a t s t a n d a r d s w o u l d b e n ee d e d t o p r o v i d e a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f

s a f e t y

.

R e s p o n se : T h e E P A d i s a g r ee s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r

. E v e n t h o ug h i

t i s h i g h l y u n l i k e l y

t h a t t h e s a m e p e r s o n w o u l d h a v e t h e h i g h e s t i n h a l a t i o n a n d m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k ( t h e p r e mi s e

b e h i nd a d d i ng t h e t w o t y

p e s o f r i s k )

, t h e E P A d i d i n c l ud e i n i t s r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t d o c u m e n

t

, a

c o m b i n e d i nh a l a t i o n a n d m

u l t i p a t h w a y M I R f

o r t h e E x i d e F r i s c o f

a c il i t y ( s ee s ec t i o n 3

. 2 o f t h e

d r a f t r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t d o c u m e n

t

, a v a il a b l e i n t h e do c k e t f o r t h i s r u l e m a k i ng )

. W e n o t e t h a t o f t h e

t w o m u l t i p a t h w a y c a s e s t u d i e s

, t h i s f

a c il i t y w a s e s t i m a t e d t o h a v e t h e h i g h e s t m u l t i p a t h w a y

ca n ce r r i s k

, a n d t h e E P A t h e r e f o r e u s e d i t a s t h e m u l t i p a t h w a y M I R f

a c il i t y f o r t h e s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y

. H o w e v e r

, w e a l s o n o t e t h a t b a s e d o n u p d a t e d e mi ss i o n s i n f

o r m a t i o n ( i

. e

., e mi ss i o n s

i n f o r m a t i o n r ec e i v e d du r i n g t h e pub l i c c o mm e n t p e r i o d f o r t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e w h i c h s h o w e d t h a t

e mi ss i o n s w e r e l o w e r t h a n t h e E P A e s t im a t e d a t p r o p o s a l )

, m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h t h e

E x i d e F r i s c o f

ac i l i t y i s li k e l y t o b e w e l l b e l o w 1

- i n a m ill i o n

. S ee s ec t i o n I V

. A o f t h e f i n a l r u l e

p r e a m b l e a n d o t h e r c o mm e n

t r e s p o n s e s f

o r d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e upd a t e d E x i d e F r i s c o d i o x i n d a t a

.

C o m m e n t ( 229 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A u n d e r e s t im a t e d t h e t o t a l r i s k t h a t

m a x i m u m e x p o s e d p e op l e a r e li k e l y t o f ace a n d a l s o f

a i l e d t o ac c o u n

t f o r t h e i n c r ea s e d r i s k

ca u s e d b y a p e r s o n ’ s e x

p o s u r e t o m

u l t i p l e H A P s b y n o t p e r f

o r mi ng a f

u ll c u m u l a t i v e r i s k

a n a l y s i s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s s t a t e d r ea s o n s f o r n o t a dd r e s s i n g c u m

u l a t i v e r i s k

a r e “ u n ce r t a i n

t i e s

. ” T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t

, w h e r e p u b li c h e a l t h i s c o n ce r n e d

, u n ce r t a i n t y i s

n o t “ a r a t i o n a l e x

p l a n a t i o n ” . T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e E P A s h o u l d f o l l o w S A B

r ec o mm e n d a t i o n s t h a t t h e E P A c o n du c t a s e n s i t i v i t y a n a l y s i s t o i d e n

t i f y m a j o r u n ce r t a i n

t i e s i n

t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t s

, e x p l a i n t h e s e r i s k s c l ea r l y i n t h e r i s k c h a r ac t e r i z a t i o n s e c t i o n

, a n d t a k e s t e p s

t o r e du ce t h e m

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t i f t h e E P A c h o o s e s n o t t o c a l c u l a t e c u m u l a t i v e r i s k

,

t h e n i t s h ou l d

, “a t mi n im

u m

, u s e t h e f

ac t t h a t i t k n o ws t h e r e i s a g r ea t e r r i s k t h a n i t h a s c a l c u l a t e d

a s a r ea s o n t o f

i nd a l o w er c a n ce r

, c h

r o n i c n o n

- c a n ce r

, a n d ac u t e t h r e s h o l d t o b e acce p t a

b l e

. ”

T h e c o mm e n

t e r a r gu e d t h a t t h e E P A h a s f a i l e d t o g a t h e r t h e i n f

o r m a t i o n n ee d e d t o d e t e r mi n e

w h e t h e r s t r o n g e r s t a n d a r d s a r e n ee d e d f o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

.

R e s p o n se : We d i s a g r ee w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s s t a t e m e n

t t h a t o u r r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t s do n o t

c o n s i d e r c u m

u l a t i v e r i s k

. W e n o t e t h a t o u r a ss e ss m e n t o f c a n ce r r i s k s i s

, i n f

ac t

, c u m u l a t i v e

,79

s u m m i ng t h e r i s k s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h a ll ca r c i n o g e n s e m i

tt e d b y a f

ac i l i t y ( s ee r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t

d o c u m e n t

, s ec t i o n 3

. 2 )

. S i mi l a r l y

, t h e u s e o f t h e t a r g e t o r g a n s p e c i f

i c h aza r d i n d e x ( T O S H I) f o r

c h r o n i c n o n

- c a n ce r e ff

ec t s e v a l u a t e s t h e c u m

u l a t i v e e f f e c t s o f H A P o n a g i v e n t a r g e t o r g a n

.

F u r t h e r

, o u r a ss e ss m e n

t i s c u m u l a t i v e i n t h a t i

t c o n s i d e r s a ll e m i s s i o n p o i n t s w i t h i n t h e f e n c e li n e

( s i n ce t h e y a r e a l l c o v e r e d b y t h e M A C T )

. M o r e o v e r

, t h e l e a d NAAQ S i s a c u m u l a t i v e s t a n d a r d

i n t h a t i t c o n s i d e r e d a ll a i

r-r e l a t e d e x

p o s u r e s i n i

t s d e r i v a t i o n a s e x

p l a i n e d i n c o mm e n

t r e s p o n s e

a t p a g e s 68

- 7 4

.

M o r e o v e r

, t o p r o v i d e t h e qu a n t i t a t i v e r i s k i n f

o r m a t i o n n ece s s a r y t o i

n f o r m R T R

r e g u l a t o r y d e c i s i o n s

, t h e E P A c o n du c t s a c o m p r e h e n s i v e a s s e s s m e n

t o f t h e r i s k s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h

e x p o s u r e t o t h e H A P s e m i

tt e d b y t h e s o u r ce ca t e g o r y ( i

. e

., t h o s e e mi ss i o n s t h a t ca n ac t u a l l y b e

a ff ec t e d b y t h e s p e c i f

i c r u l e m a k i ng ) a n d s up p l e m e n t s t h a t w i t h a d d i t i o n a l a v a i l a b l e i n f

o r m a t i o n

a b o u t o t h e r p o s s i b l e c o n c u rr e n t a n d r e l e v a n

t r i s k s

. I n s o m e ca s e s

, w e h a v e a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n

a b o u t H A P e mi ss i o n s t h a t a r e o u t s i d e t h e s c o p e o f t h e p a r

t i c u l a r r u l e m a k i ng b u t w i t h i n t h e

b o u n d a r i e s o f t h e s u b

j ec t f a c i l i t i e s

. I n o t h e r ca s e s

, w e m a y h a v e a m b i e n t H A P m o n i

t o r i n g d a t a

t h a t ca n b e c o n s i d e r e d a s p a r t o f t h e r e g u l a t o r y d ec i s i o n

- m a k i ng

. I n s t i l l o t h e r ca s e s

, w e m a y

h a v e v e r y l i

t t l e a d d i t i o n a l r i s k i n f

o r m a t i o n t h a t ca n b e c o n s i d e r e d

. I n a l l ca s e s

, h o w e v e r

, w h e n

w e c o n s i d e r a d d i

t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t r i s k s

, w e a l s o c o n s i d e r i t s a t t e n d a n

t u n ce r t a i n

t i e s

, a n d

i n f o r m a t i o n w h i c h ca r r i e s s i g n i f i c a n t u n ce r t a i n

t i e s g e n e r a ll y ca r r i e s m

u c h l e s s w e i g h

t i n t h e

o v e r a l l r e g u l a t o r y d e c i s i o n

.

A l l o f t h e qu a n

t i t a t i v e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t i n f o r m a t i o n a

b o u t H A P e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n i s a l s o c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e m a n n e r p r e s c r i b e d b y t h e d e c i s i o n

f r a m e w o r k s e t f

o r t h b y t h e C A A f

o r r e s i du a l r i s k d e c i s i o n

- m a k i ng ( i

. e

., t h e B e n z e n e N E S H A P

d e c i s i o n f r a m e w o r k )

, a n d t h i s m e a n s t h a t t h e g e n e r a l g u i d e li n e s o f r i s k acce p t a b il i t y h a v e b e e n

d e v e l o p e d i n a w a y t h a t t h e y a l r ea d y t a k e i n t o acc ou n t t h e im p o s s i b il i t y o f acc u r a t e l y qu a n

t i f y i ng

t h e h e a l t h r i s k s p o s e d b y o u t s i d e f o r ce s o n e v e r y i nd i v i du a l i n t h e p o pu l a t i o n . T h i s

ac kn o w l e d g m e n

t a l l o w s t h e E P A t o m a k e r i s k

- b a s e d d e c i s i o n s b y f o c u s i ng o n t h e r i s k s

a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h t h e e mi ss i o n s t h a t a r e t h e m s e l v e s t h e s u b j ec t o f r e g u l a t i o n b e i ng c o n s i d e r e d

.

C o m m e n t ( 230 ): C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t

, w i

t h r e g a r d s t o l ea d e m i ss i o n s

, t h e E P A

v i o l a t e d s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 2 ) b y s t o pp i n g o n ce i

t d e t e r m i n e d t h e l e v e l o f e m i ss i o n s r e du c t i o n s

n ee d e d t o a v o i d e x c ee d a n c e s o f t h e l ea d N A A Q S . T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e E P A d i d

n o t p e r f o r m a n a n a l y s i s t o d ec i d e w h e t h e r r e du c i ng e mi s s i o n s t o a l e v e l t h a t w o u l d c o m p l y w i t h80

t h e NA A Q S w o u l d a l s o r e du ce r i s k t o a n acce p t a b l e l e v e l . T h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e d t h a t “ w h a t i s

acce p t a b l e a t t h e p o pu l a t i o n l e v e l i s n o t n ece ss a r il y acce p t a b l e a t t h e c o mm

u n i t y l e v e l

. ” T h e

c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t r a t h e r t h a n s e tt i n g a s t a n d a r d t h a t w o u l d r e du ce e mi ss i o n s e n o ug h t o

c o m p l y w i t h t h e N A A Q S

, t h e E P A m u s t s e t a s t a n d a r d t o r e du ce r i s k s t o a n acce p t a b l e l e v e l

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r a l s o n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A m a y n o t c o n s i d e r c o s t i n d e t e r mi n i ng t h e r e du c t i o n i n

e mi ss i o n s n ee d e d t o r e du ce r i s k t o a n acce p t a b l e l e v e l

.

R e s p o n se : E P A d i s a g r e e s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r

– t h e N A A Q S f

o r l ea d d i d c o n s i d e r l ea d

r i s k s f o r c h i l d r e n li v i ng a r o u n d t h e s e t y p e s o f f a c il i t i e s

– i

. e

. c o n s i d e r a t i o n s o f r i s k a t t h e

c o mm u n i t y l e v e l

. A s e x

p l a i n e d i n t h e p r e a m

b l e f o r t h e l ea d N A A Q S a t 7 3 F R 67002 / 3 :

“ M o r e s p e c i f

i ca l l y

, i n a

p p l y i ng t h e e v i d e n ce

- b a s e d f r a m e w o r k

, w e a

r e f o c u s e d o n

a s ub p o p u l a t i o n o f U

. S

. c h il d r e n

, t h o s e li v i ng n ea r a i r s o u r ce s a n d m o r e li k e l y t o

b e e x p o s e d a t t h e l e v e l o f t h e s t a n d a r d

. W h i l e t h e a i r r e l a t e d P b i n t h e b l oo d o f

t h i s s u b p o p u l a t i o n i s e x

p ec t e d t o b e g r e a

t e r t h a n t h a t f

o r t h e g e n e r a l p o pu l a t i o n

g i v e n t h e i r g r ea t e r a i

r-r e l a t e d P b e x

p o s u r e

, w e d o n o t h a v e i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e

m e a n t o t a l b l oo d P b l e v e l ( o r

, m o r e s p e c i f i ca l l y

, t h e n o n a i

r c o m p o n e n t ) f o r t h i s

s ub p o p u l a t i o n

. H o w e v e r

, e v e n i f w e w e r e t o a ss u m e

, a s a n e x t r e m e h y p o t h e t i c a l

e x a m p l e

, t h a t t h e m ea n f

o r t h e g e n e r a l p o p u l a t i o n o f U

. S

. c h il d r e n i n c l ud e d ze r o

c o n t r i b u t i o n f r o m a i r-r e l a t e d s o u r ce s, a n d a dd e d t h a t t o o u r e s t im a t e o f a i rr e l a t e d

P b f o r t h i s s u b p o p u l a t i o n

, t h e r e s u l t w o u l d s t i l l b e b e l o w t h e l o w e s t m ea n b l oo d

P b l e v e l a m o n g t h e s e t o f qu a n t i t a t i v e C

– R a n a l y s e s

S ee a l s o c o mm e n

t r e s p o n s e a t p a g e s 68

- 74 a b o v e

, f o r f u r t h e r d i s c u ss i o n o f t h i s i s s u e

.

M o r e o v e r

, a s n o t e d i n t h e p r e a m b l e t o t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e

, t h e l ea d N A A Q S

, a h e a l t h b a s e d

s t a n d a r d s e t t o p r o t e c t pub li c h e a l t h w i t h a n a d e q u a t e m a r g i n o f s a f e t y ( i n c l u d i ng t h e h e a l

t h o f

s e n s i t i v e p o pu l a t i o n s )

, w a s c h o s e n a s a h e a l t h b e n c h m a r k t o e n s u r e t h a t r i s k s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h

l ea d e x p o s u r e w e r e acce p t a

b l e

. S ee 76 F R a t 290 4 1

- 29042

. I n u s i n g t h i s b e n c h m a r k t o

d e t e r mi n e t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l o f e m i ss i o n s t h a t c o u l d b e a ss o c i a t e d w i t h a n acce p t a

b l e l e v e l o f a i

rb o r n e r i s k s t o l ea d

- b ea r i n g e m i ss i o n s f r o m s ec o n d a r y l e a d

s m e l t e r s , E P A c h o s e t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e

w o r s t

- ca s e im

p ac t c r ea t e d b y a n y s o u r ce i n t h e ca t e g o r y w a s acce p t a b l e t o t h e m o s t s e n s i

t i v e

i n d i v i du a l i n t h e e n

t i r e p o pu l a t i o n ( w h i c h i s

, i n t h i s ca s e

, kn o w n t o b e c h i l d r e n l i v i ng n ea r t h e

s m e l t e r a n d e x p o s e d t o t h e l e v e l o f t h e l ea d p r im a r y N A A Q S )

, r e g a r d l e ss o f w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e

m o s t s e n s i

t i v e i n d i v i du a l i n t h e p o pu l a t i o n ( i

. e

., a c h i l d ) w a s d e e m e d t o r e s i d e a t t h a t p o i n t o f

w o r s t

- ca s e im

p ac t

. T h i s a

pp r o ac h e n s u r e s t h a t a n y

s m a l l e r ( a n d po t e n

t i a l l y m o r e s u s ce p t i b l e )81

c o mm u n i t y w i t h i n t h e l a r g e r e x

p o s e d p o pu l a t i o n i s s t i l l a t a n acce p t a b l e l e v e l o f r i s k . T h e E P A

t h e n c o n s i d e r e d i n i

t s a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y d i s c u s s i o n w h e t h e r a d d i t i o n a l c o s t e ff

ec t i v e

,

t ec h n i ca l l y f ea s i b l e c o n

t r o l s w e r e a v a i l a b l e t o r e d u ce r i s k f u r t h e r

. H o w e v e r

, t h e E P A d i d n o t

f i nd a n y a d d i

t i o n a l c o n t r o l s t h a t w e r e j u s t i f

i e d u n d e r t h e s ec o n d s t e p o f t h e r e s i du a l r i s k a n a l y s i s

.

C o m m e n t ( 231 ) : C o mm e n t e r 98 g e n e r a l l y c o m

m e n t e d t h a t t h e E P A n ee d s t o upd a t e i t s

f r a m e w o r k f

o r d e t e r mi n i ng “ ac c e p t a

b i l i t y ” o f r i s k s u n d e r t h e R T R s t o r e f l ec t m o r e c u rr e n

t

s c i e n ce a n d s o c i e t a l m o r e s a s t o w h a t r i s k s a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o b e acce p t a b l e . T h e c o mm e n

t e r

n o t e s t h a t t h e s c i e n ce h a s e v o l v e d s i g n i f i ca n t l y s i n ce t h e l a t e 1980 ’ s a n d t h e y qu e s t i o n w h y “ 100

i n

- a

- m ill i o n ” c a n ce r r i s k l e v e l i s s t ill a pp r o p r i a t e i n li g h

t o f c u rr e n

t s c i e n ce a n d e v o l v i ng

c o mm u n i t y s t a n d a r d s ( t h i s l a t e r p o i n t b a s e d o n l a ngu a g e i n t h e e n b a n c V i ny l C h l o r i de o p i n i o n )

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e d t h a t f o r n o n

- l ea d e mi ss i o n s ; t h e E P A p r e s u m e s t h a t t h e l i f e t im e c a n ce r

r i s k h e r e i s “ a c ce p t a

b l e” b eca u s e i t i s l o w e r t h a n 100

- i n

- 1 mi ll i o n . T h e E P A d o e s n o t a dd r e ss o r

e x p l a i n w h y a n y r i s k b e l o w t h a t l e v e l r e m a i n s a c c e p t a b l e t o d a y

. I t i s a rb i

t r a r y a n d ca

p r i c i ou s f o r

t h e E P A t o c o n

t i n u e t o r e l y o n t h a t p r e s u m

p t i o n a s a b a s i s f

o r i t s d e c i s i o n f

o r s e v e r a l r e a s o n s :

1. T h e C l e a n A i r A c t r e qu i r e s a n up

- t o

- d a

t e

, c o n t e m po r a r y a ss e s s m e n

t a n d r e l y i ng o n a n

o u t

- d a t e d p r e s u m

p t i o n c o n f

l i c t s w i t h t h e v e r y pu r

p o s e o f t h e r e s i du a l r i s k a n a l y s i s

.

2. T h e r e i s s i g n i f

i c a n t n e w i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e f

ac t o r s t h e E P A d i s c u s s e d i n i t s o l d

r u l e m a k i ng t h a t s h o u l d i n f l u e n ce i t s a n a l y s i s t o d a y o f w h a t l e v e l o f r i s k i s c u rr e n t l y

“ a cce p t a b l e”

.

3. S c i e n t i f i c r e s ea r c h h a s e v o l v e d d r a m a t i c a ll y s i n ce t h e E P A s e t t h a t p r e s u m p t i o n . T h e r e

h a s b ee n a v a s t i n c r ea s e i n u n d e r s t a n d i ng o f t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w ee n t h e e nv i r o n m e n t

a n d p u b li c h ea l

t h

, i n p a r t i c u l a r

, a

pp r e c i a t i o n f

o r t h e i m p o r t a n ce o f a ss e s s i ng

e nv i r o n m e n

t a l h a za r d s a n d e x

p o s u r e s w i

t h r e s p e c t t o c o m

m u n i t y h e a l t h a n d a s t h e y a r e

e x p e r i e n ce d b y i n d i v i du a l s w h o li v e i n c o mm u n i t i e s

. C o mm e n

t e r c i t e s r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t

s t ud i e s a n d g u i d a n ce

, s t u d i e s o n c h il d r e n ’ s e x p o s u r e t o t o x i c s

, a n d C D C r e p o r t s a s

p r o v i d i n g e v i d e n c e o f t h e E P A a n d o t h e r f e d e r a l f u n d e d r e s ea r c h a n d d e v e l op m e n t s i n

h e a l t h e ff e c t s o f c h e m i c a l s

.

4. T h e E P A ’ s c o m

m i t m e n t t o e n v i r o n m e n t a l j u s t i c e m

u s t i n f o r m i t s c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f w h a t

l e v e l o f r i s k i s “ a cce p t a

b l e” a s r e q u i

r e d b y t h e 1994 E n

v i r o n m e n t a l J u s t i ce E x e c u t i v e

O r d e r a n d 2010 gu i d a n c e t o d i r ec t a l l f e d e r a l a g e n c i e s t o t a k e e nv i r o n m e n t a l j u s t i ce i n

t o82

c o n s i d e r a t i o n . T h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f e nv i r o n m e n t a l j u s t i ce s h ou l d f

ac t o r i n t o t h e qu e s t i o n

o f w h a t l e v e l o f r i s k i s “ a cce p t a b l e” t o d a y

.

5. A m e r i c a n v a l u e s a n d p o li c i e s h a v e e v o l v e d t o t o l e r a t e l e s s h ea l t h r i s k f r o m i n du s t r i a l

p o ll u t i o n

. A s p o ll u t i o n

- c o n t r o l t ec h n o l og y a n d i n d u s t r i a l p r ac t i c e s h a v e e v o l v e d t o b e

a b l e t o b e t t e r p r o t e c t h

u m a n h ea l

t h

, t h e i r e v o l u t i o n h a s a l s o c h a n g e d t h e “ w o r l d i n w h i c h

w e li v e” a n d w i

t h i t

, t h e pub l i c ’ s v i e w s o n w h a t l e v e l o f r i s k m a y b e acce p t a b l e ( o r n o t )

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t a li f

e t im e c a n c e r r i s k b e l o w t h e l e v e l o f 100

- i n

- 1 m ill i o n

ca n n o l o n g e r b e p r e s u m e d “ s a f e” o r “ acce p t a

b l e” i n “ t h e w o r l d i n w h i c h w e li v e” du e t o t h e

d r a m a t i c e v o l

u t i o n o f s c i e n ce

, t ec hn o l og y

, a n d s o c i a l v a l u e s t h a t h a v e o cc u rr e d i n r ec e n t

d eca d e s

. D u e t o t h e s e c h a n g e d c i r c u m s t a n ce s

, t h e E P A m

u s t r ea ss e s s w h e t h e r a l e v e l b e l o w

100

- i n1 m il l i o n a n d c l o s e r t o t h e “ a s p i r a t i o n a l g o a l ” o f 1

- i n

- 1 m ill i o n s h ou l d b e a d o p t e d a s a

m o r e s t r i n g e n

t

, p r e s u m p t i v e upp e r l im i

t f o r w h a t i s c o n s i d e r e d “ acce p t a b l e

. ” T h i s i s a qu e s t i o n

t h a t t h e E P A ca n n o t e v a d e b y a ss u m i ng e v e r y t h i n g i t d i d i n t h e B e n z e n e R

u l e w i l l r e m a i n p e r s e

l a w f u l f o r a l l t im e

, a ll p e r s o n s a n d c o mm u n i t i e s

, a n d a ll s o u r ce ca t e g o r i e s

. I g n o r i n g t h e

s ub s t a n t i a l n e w i n f

o r m a t i o n a n d c h a n g e d c i

r c u m s t a n c e s s i n ce t h e E P A l a s t c o n s i d e r e d t h a t

qu e s t i o n i s a r b i

t r a r y a n d ca

p r i c i o u s

.

C o mm e n t e r 98 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A f

a i l s t o g i v e a r ea s o n e d e x p l a n a t i o n f

o r n o t p r o p o s i n g

a s t r o n g e r s t a n d a r d f

o r a r s e n i c a n d ca d m i u m t o p r ov i d e a n a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y . T h e

c o mm e n t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e r i s k a s s e ss m e n t n u m b e r t h e E P A f

o u n d i s f i v e t im e s t h e l e v e l

a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h pub l i c h e a l

t h c o n ce r n s a n d t h a t t h e f a c t t h a t c o s t a r e “ h i g h ” f

o r t h e W E SP

t ec hn o l og y i s n o t s u ff

i c i e n t r ea s o n f o r t h e E P A n o t t o c o n s i d e r h o w m u c h ac u t e o r ca n ce r r i s k

r e du c t i o n w o u l d o cc u r i f t h e E P A w e r e t o r e q u i r e f u r t h e r e mi ss i o n r e du c t i o n s b a s e d o n t h i s

t ec hn o l og y

. C o mm e n

t e r 95 a l s o s t a

t e d t h a t e mi ss i o n s o f a r s e n i c a n d ca d m i u m c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e

r i s k s p o s e d b y s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t e r s

, y e t t h e E P A ’ s p r o p o s a l w i l l n o t a dd r e ss t h e s e r i s k s i n a

m a n n e r c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h t h e C A A

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r

, “ W h e n c o n s i d e r i ng t h e r i s k s

a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h M A C T

- a l l o w a b l e e mi ss i o n s

, t h e M I R c o u l d b e up t o 200 i n 1 m ill i o n . E P A

n e v e r t h e l e ss h a s n o t p r o p o s e d s u f f i c i e n t l y p r o t e c t i v e r e s i du a l r i s k s t a n d a r d s

. ”

R e s p o n se : A s a n i n i

t i a l m a tt e r

, w e n o t e t h a t i n 1990 C o n g r e ss c o d i f i e d i n s e c t i o n 112 ( f

)

( 2 )( B ) o f t h e C A A t h e a

pp r o ac h w e u s e f

o r o u r r e s i du a l r i s k a n a l y s e s

. U n d e r t h a t a pp r o ac h

, t h e

100 i n a m ill i o n c a n ce r r i s k i s n o t a b r i g h t li n e i n d i ca t i n g t h a t r i s k i s “ acce p t a b l e

. ” R a t h e r

, w e83

c o n s i d e r t h i s h e a l

t h m e t r i c i n c o n

j u n c t i o n w i

t h a v a r i e t y o f h e a l

t h f ac t o r s t o d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r

t h e r i s k i s ac c e p t a

b l e

. W h e r e w e c o n c l ud e t h a t t h e r i s k i s n o t acce p t a b l e

, w e ca n n o t a n d do n o t

c o n s i d e r c o s t s i n r e q u i

r i ng c o n t r o l s t o b r i n g r i s k s d o w n t o a n acce p t a b l e l e v e l

. H o w e v e r

, t h e

a n a l y s i s o f w h e t h e r r i s k i s acce p t a b l e i s n o t t h e e ndp o i n

t

. O n ce w e d e t e r mi n e t h a t c o n t r o l s a r e

s u f f i c i e n t t o e n s u r e t h a t r i s k i s acce p t a b l e

, w e a g a i n r e v i e w t h e h e a l t h m e t r i c s i n c o n

j u n c t i o n w i

t h

t h e c o s t s o f c o n

t r o l s

, t ec hn i c a l f

e a s i b il i t y

, a n d o t h e r r e l e v a n

t f a c t o r s

, t o d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r

a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s s h ou l d b e r e q u i

r e d t o p r o v i d e a n a m

p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y

.

E P A a l s o d o e s n o t acce p t t h a t t h e l a n gu a g e i n t h e e n b a n c V i ny l C h l o r i de o p i n i o n

r e g a r d i n g r i s k s “ a cce p t a

b l e i n t h e w o r l d i n w h i c h w e li v e”

, 824 F

. 2d a t 1165

, d i c t a t e s a n y

p a r t i c u l a r qu a n

t i t a t i v e r e s u l

t b a s e d o n s o c i e t a l p r e f

e r e n ce

– e s p e c i a ll y w h e n t h e c o u r t

, i n u s i ng

t h i s l a n gu a g e

, w a s i n d i c a t i n g t h a t r i s k

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t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A

p r o v i d e s n o e x

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e t y ” a n a l y s i s

, w e e x a m i n e d w h e t h e r t h e r e w e r e

a d d i t i o n a l c o s t e ff

ec t i v e c o n

t r o l s a v a il a b l e t o f

u r t h e r p r o t e c t pub li c h e a l t h i n c l u d i ng m o n i

t o r i n g

a t a l e v e l b e l o w 0

. 15 μ g /m 3

. F o r t h e r ea s o n s e x

p l a i n e d e l s e w h e r e i n t h i s n o t i ce a n d o t h e r

s upp o r t i n g d o c u m e n

t s a v a i l a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t

, w e h a v e d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e r e a r e n o a dd i t i o n a l

c o s t e ff ec t i v e

, t ec h

n i c a ll y f e a s i b l e c o n

t r o l s t h a t w o u l d p r o v i d e f u r t h e r r i s k r e du c t i o n s

.

I n a d d i t i o n

, t h e c o mm e n

t e r s t a t e s : “ E P A ’ s s t a f

f p a p e r f o r t h e l ea d N A A Q S s h o w s t h a t

c h i l d r e n li v i ng n ea r t h e l ea d s m e l t i n g f a c il i t i e s w ou l d s t ill b e s u b

j ec t t o a n I Q l o ss a s h i g h a s 3

. 9

( a t t h e m e d i a n ) t o 7

. 3 ( a

t t h e 9 5 t h p e r ce n

t il e )

, e v e n i f t h e E P A h a d s e t t h e NA A Q S a t 0

. 02

i n s t ea d o f 0

. 15 μ g / m 3

. ” A s n o t e d a b o v e

, t h i s c o mm e n

t m a y b e i n e rr o r

. T h e S t a f f P a p e r a n d

n o t i ce o f f

i n a l r u l e m a k i ng ( 73 F R a t 66982 ) i n d i ca t e s a m e d i a n a i

r-r e l a t e d I Q l o ss e s t im a t e d t o b e

l e ss t han 3

. 7 ( u s i n g t h e h i g h e r c o n f i d e n ce l og l i n e a r C

- R f

u n c t i o n

, a n d l e ss t h a n ( 1

. 2

- 5

. 1 ) v i a t h e

o t h e r 2 f un c t i o n s ) f

o r c h il d r e n l i v i ng w i

t h i n 1

. 5 k m o f p r im a r y s m e l t e r s

. M o r e o v e r

, a s n o t e d i n

t h e ea r li e r c o mm e n

t r e s p o n s e , E P A d i d n o t r e l y o n t h e r i s k a s s e ss m e n t a s t h e p r im a r y b a s i s f

o r i t s

r e v i s i o n s t o t h e p r im a r y l ea d N A A Q S

.

W i t h r e s p ec t t o t h e C a li f

o r n i a b e n c h m a r k f

o r p r o t e c t i n g c h il d r e n

, t h e E P A h a s a h i e r a r c h y

o f a pp r o p r i a t e h e a l

t h b e n c h m a r k v a l u e s

. I n g e n e r a l

, t h i s h i e r a r c h y p l ac e s g r ea t e r w e i g h t o n E P A

d e r i v e d h e a l

t h b e n c h m a r k s t h a n t h o s e f r o m o t h e r a g e n c i e s

( h t t p :// www

. e p a

. g o v

/t t n / a t w / n a t a 1999 / 99pd f

s / h e a l t h e ff

ec t s i n f o

. p d f)

. F o r t h e r ea s o n s p r o v i d e d

a b o v e

, w e b e l i e v e t h a t t h e l ea d N A A Q S e s t a b l i s h e s a n a

pp r o p r i a t e b e n c h m a r k f

o r a dd r e s s i n g91

acce p t a b i l i t y o f r i s k a n d w e t h e r e f

o r e d i s a g r ee w i

t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t w e s h o u l d i n s t ea d u s e a n

a m b i e n t c o n ce n t r a t i o n o f 0

. 02 μ g /m 3 b a s e d o n a o n e m o n

t h a v e r a g e

.

C o m m e n t ( 236 ): C o mm e n t e r 9 8 c i t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g f

r o m t h e p r e a m

b l e t o t h e p r o p o s e d

r u l e r e g a r d i n g e nv i r o n m e n t a l r i s k f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y f o r H A P s o t h e r t h a n l ea d :

W i t h r e s p ec t t o p o t e n

t i a l f o r a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n

t a l e ff ec t s f r o m n o n P B

- H A P

, w e

n o t e t h a t t h e r e i s a l ac k o f i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u

t s p e c i f i c a d v e r s e e nv i

r o n m e n t a l

e ff ec t s o cc u r

r i n g a t a g i v e n c o n c e n

t r a t i o n o f H A P f

o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y

.

H o w e v e r

, g i v e n t h a t a ll c h r o n i c n o n

- c a n c e r HQ v a l u e s c o n s i d e r i n g ac t u a l

e mi ss i o n s a r e l e ss t h a n 1 u s i n g h u m a n h ea l

t h r e f e r e n c e v a l u e s

, w e b e l i e v e t h a t i t

i s u n l i k e l y t h a t a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l e ff ec t s w o u l d o cc u r a

t t h e a c t u a l H A P

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s e s t im a t e d i n o u r h

u m a n h ea l

t h r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A p r o v i d e s n o e x p l a n a t i o n a s t o w h y i

t s c o n c l u s i o n

r e g a r d i n g e nv i r o n m e n

t a l r i s k f r o m n o n

- P B H A P s i s t r u e

. T h e c o mm e n t e r f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t t h e

E P A h a s r ec o gn i ze d t h e n ee d t o l oo k a t e mi ss i o n s a

b o v e t h e ac t u a l l e v e l f

o r h u m a n h ea l

t h . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A m

u s t p e r f o r m a n e c o l og i c a l r i s k a ss e s s m e n t a n d m a y n o t s im

p l y

r e l y o n t h e h

u m a n h e a l

t h a s s e ss m e n

t w i t h o u t a r e a s o n e d e x

p l a n a t i o n f

o r d o i n g s o

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e d t h a t c h e mi c a l s t h a t a r e p e r s i s t e n t i n t h e e nv i r o n m e n

t o r

b i o acc u m u l a t e i n li v i ng t i ss u e w il l r e m a i n o r i n c r e a s e o v e r t im e . T h e r e f o r e

, a dd i t i o n a l e x p o s u r e

w o u l d b e a dd e d t o a b ac kg r o u n d t h a t i s l i k e l y a l r e a d y un s a f e f o r w il d li f e a n d o t h e r

e nv i r o n m e n

t a l r e s o u r ce s

. L ac k o f h

u m a n h e a l

t h r i s k s f r o m i n h a l a t i o n d o e s n o t m e a n t h a t t h e

E P A ca n c o n c l ud e t h a t t h e r e w o u l d b e n o e ff ec t s t o w il d li f

e o r o t h e r n a t u r a l r e s o u r ce s e i t h e r

f o r m i nh a l a t i o n o r a i

r d e p o s i t i o n o f H A P e mi ss i o n s

, e x ace r b a t e d b y p e r s i s t e n ce a n d

b i o acc u m u l a t i o n

.

R e s p o n se : F i

r s t

, t h e s ec o n d a r y N A A Q S f o r l ea d

, w h i c h i s r e q u i s i

t e t o p r o t e c t pub li c

w e l f a r e f r o m kn o w n o r a n

t i c i p a t e d a d v e r s e e ff

e c t s, i s i d e n

t i ca l t o t h e p r im a r y l ea d N A A Q S

.

T h u s

, i n m e e t i n g t h e c o n

t r o l s f o r l ea d ( w h i c h a l s o r e s u l

t i n c o

- c o n

t r o l o f a l l o t h e r n o n

- m e r c u r y

H A P m e t a l s ) e mi ss i o n s w il l b e c o n t r o l l e d t o l e v e l s l e ss t h a n a l l o w e d b y t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

NA A Q S

. S ec o n d

, E P A i s t o a d o p t m o r e s t r i n g e n t s t a n d a r d s d i

r ec t e d t o a d v e r s e e nv i

r o n m e n t a l

e ff ec t s o n l y up o n t a k i n g i n

t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n “ c o s t s

, e n e r g y

, s a f e t y

, a n d o t h e r r e l e v a n

t f ac t o r s ”

. A s92

d i s c u s s e d a s p a r t o f t h e a m p l e m a r g i n o f s a f

e t y a n a l y s i s , E P A h a s d e t e r mi n e d t h a t t h e s e f ac t o r s

mil i t a t e a g a i n s t a d o p t i n g a n y f u r t h e r c o n

t r o l s ( a n d r eac h e d a

s imi l a r c o n c l

u s i o n b a s e d o n

s i mi l a r

f ac t o r s i n i t s s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) a n a l y s i s ) a n d t h i s s a m e r ea s o n i ng a p p l i e s w i t h r e s p ec t t o a d o p t i

n g

f u r t h e r c o n

t r o l s t o p r e v e n

t a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n

t a l e ff ec t s

. M o r e o v e r

, w i

t h o u t s p e c i f

i c

i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t h o w

, a n d a t w h a t c o n c e n t r a t i o n a g i v e n H A P a ff

e c t s a g i v e n ec o l og i c a l

r ece p t o r

, t h e E P A i s u n a w a r e o f h o w i t c o u l d h a v e p e r f

o r m e d a s e p a r a t e ec o l og i c a l r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t

. A s n o t e d b y t h e c o mm e n t e r a n d i n t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n t d o c u m e n

t

, w e g e n e r a l l y

c o n c l ud e t h a t f o r n o n P B

- H A P

, i f a ll c h

r o n i c n o n

- c a n c e r HQ v a l

u e s a r e l e ss t h a n 1 u s i n g h u m a n

h e a l t h r e f e r e n c e v a l u e s

, t h a n w e b e l i e v e t h a t i t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l e ff ec t s

w o u l d o cc u r

. H o w e v e r

, w e d i s a g r ee w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t w e d o n o t p r o v i d e a r a t i o n a l e f o r

t h i s j ud g m e n

t

. T h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t s t a t e s i n s ec t i o n 2

. 5 :

H u m a n h e a l

t h d o s e -r e s p o n s e r e f

e r e n ce v a l

u e s a r e g e n e r a ll y d e r i v e d f r o m s t u d i e s

c o n du c t e d o n l a

b o r a t o r y a n im a l s ( s u c h a s r o d e n t s ) a n d d e v e l o p e d w i

t h t h e

i n c l u s i o n s o f un ce r t a i n

t y f ac t o r s t h a t c o u l d b e a s h i g h a s 3000

. A s a r e s u l t

, t h e s e

h u m a n r e f e r e n ce v a l u e s a r e o f

t e n s i g n i f i c a n t l y l o w e r t h a n t h e l e v e l e x p e c t e d t o

ca u s e a n a dv e r s e e ff

ec t i n a n e x

p o s e d r o d e n

t

. I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t t h e r e i s a

s ca r c i t y o f d a t a o n t h e d i

r ec t a t m o s p h e r i c im

p ac t o f t h e s e H A P o n o t h e r r ece p t o r s

,

s u c h a s p l a n

t s

, b i r d s

, a n d w il d li f

e . T h u s

, i f t h e m a x i m

u m i nh a l a t i o n h aza r d i n a n

ec o s y s t e m i s b e l o w t h e l e v e l o f c o n ce r n f o r h u m a n s ( i

. e

., i s b e l o w t h e h u m a n

h e a l t h r e f e r e n c e v a l u e w h i c h i s i

t s e l f a l o w e r r e f

e r e n c e v a l u e t h a n w o u l d b e

e x p e c t e d f o r a n ec o l og i c e ff

ec t )

, w e h a v e g e n e r a l l y c o n c l ud e d t h a t m a m m a l i a n

r ece p t o r s s h o u l d b e a t n o r i s k o f a d v e r s e e ff ec t s du e t o i n h a l a t i o n e x

p o s u r e s f r o m

n o n P B

- H A P

, a n d h a v e a s s u r a n ce t h a t o t h e r ec o l og i c a l r ece p t o r s a r e a l s o n o t a t

a n y s i g n i f i ca n t r i s k f r o m d i r ec t a t m o s p h e r i c im

p ac t

.

W i t h r e s p ec t t o t h e p o t e n

t i a l f o r ec o l og i c a l r i s k a s s o c i a t e d w i t h P B

- H A P

, w e n o t e t h a t

o u r m u l t i p a t h w a y a n a l y s i s i n d i ca t e d t h a t a ll c h r o n i c n o n

- c a n ce r HQ v a l u e s w e r e l e s s t h a n 1 u s i ng

h u m a n h e a l

t h r e f e r e n ce v a l u e s . T h

u s

, w e b e l i e v e t h a t i

t i s u n li k e l y t h a t a d v e r s e e nv i r o n m e n t a l

e ff ec t s w o u l d o cc u r c o n s i d e r i ng ac t u a l e mi ss i o n s

. W e f u r t h e r b e li e v e t h i s i s a r ea s o n a b l e

i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e m

u l t i p a t h w a y a n a l y s i s g i v e n a l ac k o f i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e e ff

ec t s o f P B

- H A P

o n s p e c i f i c ec o l og i c a l r e c e p t o r s

.

F i n a ll y

, w e a g r ee w i

t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t t h e p o t e n

t i a l f o r ec o l og i ca l e f

f ec t s s h ou l d b e

n o t e d w h e n c o n s i d e r i ng M A C T

- a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s . T h u s

, w h e n HQ v a l

u e s a r e g r ea t e r t h a n 193

c o n s i d e r i n g M A C T a l l o w a b l e e mi ss i o n s

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e r e i s a t l e a s t s o m e po t e n t i a l f o r

ec o l og i ca l e ff

e c t s

.

3

. 2 .2 E m i s s i o n s U s ed

C o m m e n t ( 53

, 188 ): T w o c o mm e n t e r s ( 90

, 96 ) s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s r i s k r e v i e w i s

i nv a l i d b eca

u s e i t f a i l s t o c o n s i d e r t h e r e du c t i o n i n d i o x i n a n d a r s e n i c r i s k s t h a t w o u l d o cc u r w i t h

t h e u s e o f t h e p r o p o s e d a dd i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s c o m p a r e d t h e d i o x i n c o n ce n

t r a t i o n s

a n d r i s k s t o b ac kg r o u n d d i o x i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d r i s k s f

o r t h e e n t i r e U S p o pu l a t i o n s a n d

c o n c l ud e d t h a t d i o x i n e m i ss i o n s f r o m s ec o n d a r y l e a d

s m e l t e r s p r o du ce a c o n

t r i b u t i o n t o t h e

e nv i r o n m e n

t t h a t i s “ n o t d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e f r o m b ac k g r o u n d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s

. ” T h e c o mm e n

t e r s

c o n t e n d t h a t a dd i

t i o n a l c o n t r o l s o n d i o x i n e m i ss i o n s f r o m t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y w il l r e s u l t i n l e ss

t h a n a 1 % r e du c t i o n i n a n e x p o s e d i n d i v i du a l ’ s r i s k

.

W i t h r e s p ec t t o a r s e n i c

, t h e c o mm e n t e r s s t a t e d t h a t t h e a v e r a g e b ac kg r o u n d l e v e l s o f

a r s e n i c i n u r b a n a i

r ( 20 t o 3 0 n g /m

3 ) r e s u l t i n i nh a l a t i o n r i s k s b e t w ee n 35 a n d 50

- i n

- 1 m ill i o n

,

s i mi l a r t o t h e M I R r i s k t h a t t h e E P A y i e l d e d f o r t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r

c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d d e m o n s t r a t e h o w a r s e n i c e m i ss i o n s f r o m t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i n g i ndu s t r y w o u l d a ff

ec t t h e e x t a n

t r i s k f r o m a r s e n i c

.

R e s p o n se : T h e E P A d i s a g r ee s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r s t h a t i t d i d n o t c o n s i d e r r e du c t i o n s i n

r i s k a f t e r t h e p r o p o s e d c o n

t r o l s

. S ec t i o n 3

. 3 o f t h e d r a f t r i s k a s s e s s m e n

t d o c u m e n

t i s t i t l e d :

“ P o s t

- c o n t r o l r i s k c h a r ac t e r i za t i o n ” a n d i t d e s c r i b e s t h e e s t im a t e d r i s k s a f t e r po t e n t i a l c o n t r o l s

a r e i n p l ace

. M o r e o v e r

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e r i s k e s t i m a t e s ca l c u l a t e d b y t h e E P A a r e t h o s e

a ss o c i a t e d w i

t h e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e s o u r ce ca t e g o r

y

. S i mi l a r l y

, r i s k r e du c t i o n s e s t im a t e d a f t e r

c o n s i d e r i n g t h e p r o p o s e d c o n t r o l s a r e b a s e d o n e s t im a t e d r e du c t i o n s i n e m i ss i o n s f r o m t h e

s o u r ce c a t e g o r y . T h

u s

, t h e e s t im a t e d r i s k r e du c t i o n s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e d r a f t r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t a n d

p r e a m b l e a r e i n d e p e n d e n

t o f t h e b ac kg r o u n d l e v e l s f o r a g i v e n H A P

.

C o m m e n t ( 224 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s f

a i l u r e t o r ec a l c u l a t e t h e r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t a f t e r c h a n g i ng i

t s f u g i t i v e du s t e s t im a t e s i s p r o b l e m a t i c g i v e n t h a t t h e E P A ’ s

m o d e l i ng s h o w s t h a t f

u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s a r e t h e l a r g e s t c o n t r i b u t o r t o r i s k s f

r o m t h i s s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y . T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t b eca

u s e t h e E P A f

a i l e d t o “ t e s t o r p r o v i d e a r e li a b l e

acc o u n t i n g f o r i t s m e a s u r e o f f

u g i t i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s

... ”

, i

t h a s u n d e r e s t im a t e d r i s k a n d s h o u l d

c o m p e n s a t e b y

s e t t i n g a s t r o n g e r s t a n d a r d

.94

R e s p o n se : We h a v e upd a t e d t h e f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s b a s e d o n c o r r ec t i o n s r ec e i v e d i n

pub l i c c o mm e n

t s

. H o w e v e r

, w e d i s a g r ee t h a t t h e m e t h o d o l og y u s e d f o r c a l c u l a t i n g f

u g i t i v e

e mi ss i o n s a r e u n d e r e s t im a t i n g e m i ss i o n s o r r i s k a nd r e qu i r e a s t r o n g e r s t a n d a r d

. T h e e s t im a t e s

p r o v i d e d b y s o m e f

a c i l i t i e s w e r e u n

r e a l i s t i c a ll y l o w a n d w e d e v e l op e d t h e m e t h o d o l o g y t o b e t t e r

acc o u n t f o r f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n l e v e l s a s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e p r o p o s a l

. S ee 76 F R a t 2803 8

. H o w e v e r

,

t h e e s t im a t e s o f f

u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s w h i c h

E P A d e v e l o p e d w e r e o v e r s t a t e d du e t o a n e rr o r i n t h e

e mi ss i o n e s t im a t e f

o r E x i d e F r i s c o

, w h i c h w a s u s e d t o ca l c u l a t e e s t im a t e s f o r t h e o t h e r f

a c il i t i e s

.

T h e r ec a l c u l a t e d ( a n d r e du ce d ) f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n e s t im a t e s l e d t o a s li g h t d ec r ea s e i n t h e r i s k s

du e t o f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s ; h o w e v e r

, w e d i s a g r ee t h a t t h e m e t h o d o l og y w a s f u n d a m e n t a ll y f l a w e d

i n a w a y t h a t w o u l d y i e l d a n u n d e r e s t im a t e o f r i s k

.

C o m m e n t ( 229 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t f a il i n g t o i n c l ud e M A C T

- a l l o w a b l e

e mi ss i o n s i n t h e m

u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k a s s e ss m e n

t i s a “ g l a r i n g i n c o n s i s t e n c y i n t h e E P A ’ s a n a l y s i s

t h a t i s a rb i

t r a r y a n d ca

p r i c i o u s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t r e l y i ng o n ac t u a l e m i ss i o n s d o e s

n o t s u f f i c i e n t l y p r o t e c t p o pu l a t i o n s li v i ng n ea r t h e s m e l t e r s

, w h i c h h a v e a r a n g e o f e mi ss i o n s a n d

m a y e x cee d l e v e l s a l l o w e d b y t h e M A C T s t a n d a r d

.

R e s p o n se : We d i d n o t h a v e d e t a il e d e n o ug h i n f o r m a t i o n t o p e r f

o r m a m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k

a ss e s s m e n

t c o n s i d e r i ng M A C T a l l o w a b l e e mi ss i o n s

. I n f ac t

, f o r d i o x i n s a n d f

u r a n s a s w e l l a s

f o r m e r c u r y t h e r e w a s n o M A C T s t a n d a r d i n t h e 1997 N E S H A P a n d t h u s

, w e w o u l d b e un a b l e t o

c a l c u l a t e M A C T a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s f o r t h e s e p o ll u t a n

t s

. H o w e v e r

, a s n o t e d i n t h e p r o p o s a l

p r e a m b l e

, t h e p r o p o s e d l im i

t f o r d i o x i n s a n d f

u r a n s a n d m e r c u r y w ou l d l o w e r m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k

s o m e w h a t a n d w o u l d a l s o e n s u r e t h a t m u l t i p a t h w a y r i s k s a s s o c i a t e d w i

t h d i o x i n s a n d f

u r a n s a n d

m e r c u r y d i d n o t i n c r ea s e

. S ee 76 F R a t 2906 4.

C o m m e n t ( 17

, 110

, 250 ): T h r ee c o mm e n

t e r s ( 8 0

, 90

, 91 ) n o t e d t h a t t h e d o c k e t d i d n o t

c o n t a i n t h e d a t a i n

pu t s t o t h e A E R M OD a n d H u m a n E x p o s u r e M o d e l ( H E M

- 3 ) a n d t h a t t h e y

w e r e t h u s u n a b l e t o p r o p e r l y c o mm e n t o n t h e m e t h o d s o r r e s u l

t s o f a i r d i s p e r s i o n a n d r i s k

m o d e l i ng

. C o mm e n

t e r 9 0 s up p li e d a li s t o f t ec h n i c a l d o c u m e n

t s n o t a v a il a b l e t h a t i

n c l ud e d s t ac k

t e s t r e p o r t s

, s u r v e y r e s p o n s e s

, a n d u n d e r l y i ng d a t a s e t s

.95

R e s p o n se : T h e E P A d i s a g r e e s w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r s

. T h e d o c k e t c o n

t a i n s m o d e l i npu t

i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t c o u l d b e u s e d t o r e p li c a t e t h e H E M

- 3 r e s u l t s

. T h i s i n c l ud e s e mi ss i o n s a n d

e mi ss i o n s l o ca t i o n i n f

o r m a t i o n

. D i s k s w i

t h t h e t ec hn i c a l d o c u m e n t s m e n t i o n e d b y t h e

c o mm e n t e r s w e r e s e n

t t o t h e D o c k e t C e n

t e r ; h o w e v e r

, C D a v a i l a b il i t y w a s n o t p o s t e d b eca

u s e

s o m e o f t h e t e s t r e p o r

t s i n c l ud e d i n t h e d i s k s c o n t a i n e d c o n f

i d e n t i a l b u s i n e ss i n f

o r m a t i o n

.

3 .3 B a s e l i n e E m i ss i o n s E s t i m a t e s

3

. 3 .1 F u g i t i v e E m i ss i o n s E s t i m a t e s

C o m m e n t ( 48

, 12 2

, 183 ) : C o mm e n t e r s 90

, 91

, a n d 96 s t a

t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s f

ac t o r i n g

a pp r o ac h f o r e s t im a t i n g f

u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s i s m e t h o d o l og i c a ll y u n s o u n d . T h e E P A c l a s s i f i e d

ea c h f a c il i t y a s L e v e l 1

, L e v e l 2

, o r L e v e l 3 b a s e d o n t h e d e g r ee o f f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s c o n

t r o l

i m p l e m e n t e d a t eac h f

a c il i t y . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s c l a i m e d t h a t t h e E P A f a i l e d t o t a k e i n

t o acc o u n t

t h e f a c t t h a t E x i d e F r i s c o i

t s e l f i s a L e v e l 2 f

a c il i t y

, m e a n i ng t h a t t h e E P A e ff ec t i v e l y u s e d t h e

“ w r o n g c o m

m o n d e n o mi n a t o r ” f

o r eac h f a c il i t y . T h i s r e s u l

t e d i n o v e r s t a t i n g e m i s s i o n s f r o m

L e v e l 3 f a c i l i t i e s a n d u n d e r s t a t i n g e m i ss i o n s f r o m L e v e l 1 a n d L e v e l 2 f a c il i t i e s

. C o mm e n

t e r 80

s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e i s n o d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e m e t h o d t h e E P A u s e d t o d e t e r mi n e s c a l i ng f ac t o r s, n o r

h o w t h e c a l c u l a t i o n w a s v e r i f i e d

.

R e s p o n se : A l

t h o ug h t h e E x i d e F r i s c o f a c il i t y w a s c l a ss i f

i e d a s a l e v e l 2 f

a c i l i t y

, t h e

e n c l o s u r e s a t t h e F r i s c o f

a c il i t y w e r e l i m i

t e d t o t h e m a t e r i a l h a n d l i ng a r ea

. F o r t h i s r ea s o n

, t h e

f a c il i t y h a d m a n y s i m i l a r i

t i e s t o t h e f

a c il i t i e s c l a ss i f

i e d a s l e v e l 1

. I n a n a t t e m p t n o t t o o v e r s t a

t e

o r u n d e r s t a

t e e mi ss i o n s f

r o m a n y f a c il i t i e s b y a l a r g e a m o u n

t

, a d e c i s i o n w a s m a d e t o p e r f o r m

t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s a s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e D e v e l op m e n t o f t h e R T R E mi ss i o n s D a t a s e t f o r t h e

S ec o n d a r y L ea d S m e l

t i n g S o u r ce C a t e g o r y d o c u m e n t a v a i l a b l e i n t h e d o c k e t

. W e a l s o n o t e t h a t

t h e s c a li ng f

ac t o r s w e r e p a r

t l y b a s e d o n c o n f

i d e n t i a l b u s i n e ss i n f

o r m a t i o n t h a t w a s n o t

a pp r o p r i a t e t o p ub li s h

.

C o m m e n t ( 14

, 16 2 ) : C o mm e n t e r s 80 a n d 94 s t a

t e d t h a t t h e f

u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s e s t im a t e

f o r t h e E x i d e F o r e s t C i

t y f ac i l i t y i s o v e r a n o r d e r o f m a g n i t ud e h i g h e r t h a n t h e N E I e s t im a t e o f

0

. 06 t o n s p e r y e a r a n d t h a t s u c h a n o v e r e s t im a t i o n c a ll s i n t o qu e s t i o n t h e r e li a b i l i

t y o f t h e E P A ’ s

e s t im a t e s

.96

R e s p o n se : B eca

u s e o f t h e i

r n a t u r e

, f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s a r e n o t r ea d i l y m e a s u r a b l e . T h e

N a t i o n a l E mi ss i o n I n v e n

t o r y ( N E I ) e s t im a t e s f

o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y w e r e i n c o n s i s t e n t a n d

u n r e l i a b l e f o r m a n y f a c i l i t i e s . T h e e s t im a t e s u s e d f o r t h e E x i d e F o r e s t C i

t y f a c il i t y w e r e

d e v e l o p e d u s i ng t h e s a m e m e t h o d o l o g y t h a t w a s u s e d f o r t h e o t h e r f

a c i l i t i e s i n t h i s s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y

. W e n o t e t h a t a l t h o ug h a m

b i e n t l ea d d a t a i s n o t a v a il a b l e n ea r t h e E x i d e F o r e s t C i t y

f a c il i t y

, a c o m p a r i s o n o f m o d e l e d a n d ac t u a l a m b i e n t l ea d c o n c e n

t r a t i o n s f o r t h o s e f a c il i t i e s t h a t

d i d h a v e a m

b i e n t m o n i t o r s l o ca t e d n ea rb y i n d i c a t e d t h a t o u r e s t im a t e s o f f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s w e r e

r ea s o n a b l e

. S ee R e s i dua l R i s k A ss e ss m e n t f

o r t h e S ec onda r

y L e ad S m e lti ng Sou r

ce C a t e go ry a n d

Su mm a r y o f t h e A m b i e n t L e ad M

o n it o r i ng D a t a n e a r S ec onda r y L e ad S m e lti ng F

a c iliti es

,

a v a i l a b l e i n d o c k e t I D E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344.

C o m m e n t ( 146 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 3 s t a t e d t h a t t h e u s e o f b o t h a m b i e n t a i r d a t a a n d T R I

e mi ss i o n s d a t a t o e s t im a t e f u g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s a t t h e E a s t P e nn M a n u f ac t u r i n g f a c il i t y i s

i n a pp r o p r i a t e s i n ce E a s t P e nn o p e r a t e s s i x l ea d

- a c i d b a t t e r y m a n u f ac t u r i n g f a c i l i t i e s i n a d d i

t i o n

t o i t s s ec o n d a r y l e a d

s m e l t i n g s o u r ce s . T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t c o n s i d e r i n g t h a t E a s t P e nn h a s

m a n a g e d a r e du c t i o n i n e m i ss i o n s o f H A P t o l e v e l s a t o r b e l o w t h e n u m e r i c a l lim i

t s o f a l l

a p p li c a b l e s t a n d a r d s w h i l e o p e r a t i n g s e v e r a l l ea d

- ac i d b a tt e r y m a n u f ac t u r i n g s o u r ce s i n a d d i

t i o n

t o i t s s ec o n d a r y l e a d

s m e l t i n g s o u r ce s

, t h e E P A ’ s a ss e r t i o n t h a t f u g i t i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s a r e t h e

l a r g e s t c o n

t r i b u t o r t o t h e r i s k du e t o l ea d e m i ss i o n s i s o v e r s t a t e d

.

R e s p o n se : T h e a

b s o l u t e a m o u n

t o f e mi ss i o n s f

r o m f u g i t i v e s o u r ce s i s n o t d i

r ec t l y

m e a s u r a b l e a n d t h e r e f

o r e ca n o n l y b e e s t im a t e d

. W e ac k n o w l e d g e t h a t t h e f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s

f r o m t h e s ec o n d a r y l e a d m a n u f ac t u r i n g p r o ce ss a t E a s t P e n n m a y b e l o w e r t h a n t h e e s t im a t e s

u s e d f o r t h e d e v e l op m e n

t o f t h i s r u l e ; t h i s h a s b e e n t a k e n i n t o ac c o u n t i n o u r r e v i s e d e s t im a t e s

.

W e n o t e t h a t t h e E a s t P e nn f ac i l i t y i s a w e ll c o n

t r o l l e d f a c il i t y t h a t u t i l i ze s t o t a l e n c l o s u r e t o

c o n t r o l f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e m a

j o r i t y o f t h e m a n

u f a c t u r i n g p r o ce ss

. I t i s a f ac i l i t y t h a t h a s

d e m o n s t r a

t e d t h e l e v e l o f c o n

t r o l w e b e l i e v e i s n e c e ss a r y t o r e du ce f u g i t i v e l ea d e mi ss i o n s f

r o m

t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y t o a n acce p t a b l e l e v e l

. W e p e r f

o r m e d d i s p e r s i o n m o d e l i ng b a s e d o n

e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e E a s t P e n n f

a c il i t y

. O u r m o d e l i n g d i d n o t i n c l ud e e m i ss i o n s f r o m n e a rb y

f a c il i t i e s t h a t a r e n o t w i

t h i n t h e s a m e c o n

t i gu o u s p r o p e r

t y b o u n d a r y . T h e d i s p e r s i o n m o d e l i ng

s h o w e d t h a t e mi ss i o n s f

r o m E a s t P e n n ’ s s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t i n g o p e r a t i o n s y i e l d a m

b i e n t97

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s w e ll b e l o w t h e NA A Q S

. S ee T a b l e 1 i n t h e p r e a m

b l e f o r t h e f i n a l r u l e , s h o w i n g

t h a t E a s t P e n

n ’ s e m i s s i o n s a r e a

b o u t 1 / 10 th t h e N AA Q S

.

C o m m e n t ( 224 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 8 s t a t e d t h a t i t i s i n a pp r o p r i a t e t o ca l l t h e E P A ’ s f u g i t i v e

e mi ss i o n s e s t im a t e s “ac t u a l ” . T h e c o mm e n t e r c l a i m s t h a t t h e E P A s h ou l d m ea s u r e f u g i t i v e du s t

e mi ss i o n s

, s u c h a s t h

r o ug h a m b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g

. I f e s t im a t e s a r e u s e d

, t h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t

t h e E P A s h ou l d u s e ac t u a l a m b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g d a t a a n d c o n s e r v a t i v e f a c t o r s t o m a k e up f

o r

u n ce r t a i n t y c r ea t e d b y t h e f

a i l u r e t o m ea s u r e d i

r e c tl y

.

R e s p o n se : T h e n a t u r e o f f u t u r e e mi ss i o n s m a k e s t h e m im p o s s i b l e t o d i

r ec t l y m e a s u r e

.

B a s e d o n a c o m

p a r i s o n o f m o d e l e d a m

b i e n t l ea d c o n ce n

t r a t i o n s w i

t h ac t u a l a m

b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g

d a t a n ea r t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t i ng f a c il i t i e s

, w e b e li e v e t h a t o u

r e s t im a t e s o f f

u g i t i v e

e mi ss i o n s f

o r t h i s s o u r ce c a

t e go r y a r e r ea s o n a b l e . T h e r e f o r e

, w e d i s a g r ee t h a t i

t i s n o t

a pp r o p r i a t e t o r e g a r d t h e s e e s t im a t e s a s “ ac t u a l ” e m i ss i o n s

. (I n a n y c a s e

, t h i s c o mm e n t i s

s o m e w h a t s e m a n

t i c

. W h e t h e r r e f

e rr e d t o a s a c t u a l o r e s t im a t e d a c t u a l e mi ss i o n s , E P A h a s

e x p l a i n e d a b o v e

, a n d i n d e t a il a t 76 F R 29038

, w h y i t s e s t im a t e s f

o r f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s a r e

r ea s o n a b l e

. )

3

. 3 .2 S t a c k E m i s s i o n s E s t i m a t e s

C o m m e n t ( 224 ): C o mm e n t e r 98 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A

s h ou l d n o t r e f

e r t o i t s e mi ss i o n s

e s t im a t e s a s “ ac t u a l ” e m i ss i o n s f o r t h e f o l l o w i ng r ea s o n s : ( 1 ) t h e E P A f a i l e d t o c o ll ec t e mi ss i o n

t e s t d a t a f o r a l l s t ac k e mi ss i o n s o r a l l p o ll u t a n t s ; a nd ( 2 ) t h e E P A f

a il e d t o acc o u n

t f o r p o t e n t i a l

m a l f u n c t i o n s a n d e x cee d a n c e s o f t h e s t a n d a r d

.

R e s p o n se : W e d i s a g r ee t h a t t h e e mi s s i o n e s t im a t e s s h ou l d n o t b e r e f e rr e d t o a s “ ac t u a l ”

e mi ss i o n s . T h e e mi ss i o n s e s t im a t e s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d b a s e d o n t h e b e s t a v a il a b l e s t ac k t e s t d a t a i n

a l l i n s t a n c e s w h e r e s t ac k t e s t d a t a w a s a v a il a b l e

. I f s t ac k t e s t s f o r a ce r t a i n s o u r ce w e r e n o t

a v a i l a b l e

, w e a s s i g n e d e m i ss i o n s t o t h e s o u r ce b a s e d o n t h e c l o s e s t m a t c h f o r a s i m il a r s o u r ce f

o r

w h i c h t e s t d a

t a w a s a v a i l a b l e

.

W e d i s a g r ee w i

t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t e mi ss i o n s t h a t e x cee d s t a n d a r d s a n d a r e v i o l a t i o n s

,

w h e t h e r o r n o t ca

u s e d b y m a l f

u n c t i o n e v e n

t s

, s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s p a r t o f t h e r i s k a n a l y s i s

.

T h e pu r p o s e o f t h e r i s k r e v i e w i s t o e v a l u a t e w h e t h e r t h e e mi ss i o n l im i t s

-- t h e “ s t a n d a r d s

p r o m u l g a t e d pu r s u a n

t t o s ub s ec t i o n ( d ) ” n o t t h e n o n

- c o m p li a n ce w i

t h t h o s e s t a n d a r d s ( s ec t i o n98

112 ( f )( 2 )( A )

- - s h ou l d b e m a d e m o r e s t r i n g e n t t o r e du ce t h e r i s k p o s e d a f t e r c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h t h e

u n d e r l y i ng M A C T s t a n d a r d

. T o t h e e x t e n t t h a t a s ou r ce i s v i o l a t i n g t h e u n d e r l y i ng M A C T

s t a n d a r d

, n o t i g h

t e n i ng o f t h e e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d und e r t h e r e s i du a l r i s k r u l e w i l l a v o i d o r

m i t i g a t e a g a i n s t s u c h v i o l a t i o ns 8

. I n o t h e r w o r d s, a s o u r ce t h a t i s v i o l a t i n g t h e M A C T e mi ss i o n s

s t a n d a r d p r o m

u l g a t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) w o u l d n o t b e a n y m o r e li k e l y t o b e a b l e t o a v o i d s u c h

v i o l a t i o n s a n d c o m

p l y w i t h a d i ff e r e n t p r e s u m a b l y m o r e s t r i n g e n t s t a n d a r d p r o m

u l g a t e d u n d e r

s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)

. S u c h e v e n

t s a r e v i o l a t i o n s a n d s u b

j ec t t o e n f

o r c e m e n t b y t h e E P A

, t h e S t a

t e s o r

c i t i z e n s a n d a n ac t i o n f

o r i n j u n c t i v e r e li e f i s t h e m o s t e ff ec t i v e m e a n s t o a dd r e ss v i o l a t i o n s

w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e y a r e ca u s e d b y m a l f

u n c t i o n s i f a n e m i ss i o n s e v e n t p o s e s a s i g n i f i ca n t h e a l t h

o r e n v i r o n m e n t a l r i s k

.

A l t h o ug h w e d i s a g r ee t h a t e mi ss i o n s t h a t r e s u l t i n a v i o l a t i o n

s h ou l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s

p a r t o f t h e r i s k r e v i e w

, w e n o t e t h a t w e b e li e v e m a l f u n c t i o n e v e n

t s i n t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y d o n o t

c o n t r i b u t e s i g n i f

i c a n t l y t o ca n ce r o r c h

r o n i c n o n c a n ce r r i s k s f

o r t h e s o u r ce c a

t e g o r y i n t h i s

r u l e m a k i ng b e ca

u s e m a l f u n c t i o n e v e n

t s i n t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y a r e i n h e r e n t l y s h o r t

- t e r m a n d

i n f r e q u e n t r e l a t i v e t o a nn

u a l o p e r a t i o n s a n d e m i ss i o n s . T h e c o mm e n t e r d i d n o t s upp l y a n y d a t a

t o t h e c o n t r a r y

.

F u r t h e r m o r e

, t h e c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e s b u i l t i n t o t h e ac u t e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t a r e s u f f i c i e n t

t o g a ug e w o r s t

- ca s e p o t e n

t i a l ac u t e h e a l

t h e ff ec t s . T h e c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e s b u i l t i n t o t h e

a ss e s s m e n

t i n c l ud e w o r s t

- ca s e m e t e o r o l og y

, e mi ss i o n s a t t e n t im e s t h e m a x i m u m p ea k e mi ss i o n

r a t e f r o m a ll p o i n

t s o u r ce s s i m

u l t a n e o u s l y

, a n d t h e s u m o f t h e m a x im u m i m p ac t o f ea c h e mi ss i o n

s o u r ce

, r e g a r d l e ss o f r ece p t o r l o ca t i o n . T h u s

, e v e n i f w e w e r e t o c o n s i d e r e mi ss i o n s t h a t a r e i n

v i o l a t i o n o f t h e s t a n d a r d

, w e d o n o t b e li e v e t h a t t h e y w ou l d r e s u l t i n a n y d i f

f e r e n t l e v e l o f

c o n t r o l t h a n w e a r e p r o m

u l g a t i n g h e r e

.

3 .4 C o m p l i a n c e T i m e l i n e

C o m m e n t ( 104

, 220 ): C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 s t a

t e d t h a t s ec t i o n 112 ( i )( 3 )( A )

e s t a b li s h e s 3 y ea r s f

o r c o m p li a n ce f o r “ a n y ” s ec t i o n 112 s t a n d a r d s

, i n c l u d i ng t h o s e e s t a b li s h e d

u n d e r S ec t i o n 112 ( f

) . T h e c o mm e n

t e r c i t e s t h e f o l l o w i ng e x ce r

p t f r o m C A A §112 ( i ) :

A f t e r t h e e ff ec t i v e d a t e o f a n y e mi ss i o n s s t a n d a r d

, lim i t a t i o n o r r e gu l a t i o n

p r o m u l g a t e d u n d e r t h i s s ec t i o n a n d a p p li c a b l e t o a

s o u r ce

, n o p e r s o n m a y o p e r a t e

8 I n t h i s r e g a r d

, n o t e t h a t t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e fo r m a l f

u n cti o n s i s a d e f

e n s e t o c i v il p e

n a l ti e s o n l y

, n o t t o l ia b i l it y

. T h e m al fu

n c ti o n e v e n t r e m ai n s a v i o la t i o n

.99

s u c h s o u r ce i n v i o l a t i o n o f s u c h s t a n d a r d

, l im i t a t i o n o r r e gu l a t i o n e x ce p t

, i n t h e

ca s e o f a n e x i s t i n g s o u r ce

, t h e A d mi n i s t r a t o r s h a l l e s t a b li s h a c o m

p l i a n c e d a t e o r

d a t e s f o r eac h ca t e go r y o r s ub ca t e go r y o f e x i s t i n g s o u r ce s

, w h i c h s h a l l p r o v i d e f

o r

c o m p l i a n ce a s e x

p e d i t i ou s l y a s p r ac t i c a b l e

, b u t i n n o e v e n t l a t e r t h a n 3 y ea r s a f

t e r

t h e e ff ec t i v e d a t e o f s u c h s t a n d a r d

, e x ce p t a s p r o v i d e d i n s u b p a r a g r a p h ( B ) a n d

p a r a g r a p h s ( 4 ) t h r o ug h ( 8 )

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s c o n t e n d t h a t t h e E P A d i d n o t a d d r e ss C A A § 112 ( i ) ’ s

a p p li c a b il i t y t o t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e

. I n s t ea d

, t h e E P A r e li e d o n 40 C

. F

. R

. §63

. 6 ( f )( 4 ) ( i i )

,

w h i c h s t a t e s t h a t “ t h e o w n e r o r o p e r a t o r y o f a n e x i s t i n g s o u r ce u n a b l e t o c o m p l y w i t h a

r e l e v a n t s t a n d a r d e s t a

b li s h e d

... pu r s u a n

t t o s e c t i o n 112 ( f

)

... m a y r e qu e s t t h a t t h e

A d m i n i s t r a t o r g r a n

t a n e x t e n s i o n a l l o w i ng t h e s o u r ce up t o 2 y e a r s a f t e r t h e s t a n d a r d ’ s

e ff ec t i v e d a t e t o c o m

p l y w i t h t h e s t a n d a r d

. ”

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s s t a t e d t h a t C AA § 112 ( i ) ’ s a p p l i c a t i o n i s m a n d a t o r y . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s n o t e d t h a t C o n g r e ss u s e d t h e w o r d “ a n y ” i n d e f i n i ng C A A § 112 ( i )( 3 )( A )’ s

a p p li c a b il i t y

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r

, “ A b r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n o f C A A §

112 ( i )( 3 )( A ) m a n d a t e s t h a t t h i s s e c t i o n

, a n d t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r ’ s d i s c r e t i o n f o r e x t e n s i o n

,

a p p l y t o a l l r e g u l a t i o n s u n d e r C A A §112

, i n c l u d i n g s t a n d a r d s p r o m u l g a t e d u n d e r

s ub s ec t i o n s ( d ) o r ( f

)

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t 4 0 C

. F

. R

. § 63

. 6 ( i )( 4 )( ii ) a p p li e s o n l y t o

s t a n d a r d s s e t pu r s u a n

t t o s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) a n d t h a t w

h i l e t h e E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d r e v i s e d

e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d f

o r l ea d i s a s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) s t a n d a r d

, t h e d e s i g n a n d w o r k p r a c t i c e

s t a n d a r d s f

o r f u g i t i v e e mi ss i o n s a r e a l s o s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 6 ) s t a n d a r d s

, a n d d i o x i n s a n d

f u r a n s w o u l d b e w h o ll y n e w s t a n d a r d s s e t pu r s u a n t t o s ec t i o n 112 ( d )( 3 )

.

R e s p o n se : S ec t i o n 112 ( i )( 3 ) e s t a b li s h e s t h e c o m

p l i a n ce t im e f

r a m e f o r a n y s t a n d a r d

i s s u e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 f o r e x i s t i n g s o u r ce s a n d p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e c o m p l i a n ce d a t e s h a l l b e a s

e x p e d i t i o u s a s p r ac t i c a b l e b u t n o l a t e r t h a n 3 y ea r s f o l l o w i n g t h e e ff

ec t i v e d a t e o f t h e s t a n d a r d

.

S ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 4 )

, h o w e v e r

, e x

p r e s s l y p r o v i d e s m o r e s p e c i f i c r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s t a n d a r d s i s s u e d

u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) a n d t h u s f o r s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) s t a n d a r d s t h o s e m o r e s p e c i f

i c r e q u i r e m e n t s ( i

. e

.

a s p e c i f i c r e q u i r e m e n t f o r s ec t i o n 112 ( f

) s t a n d a r d s ) g o v e r n i n p l ace o f t h e m o r e g e n e r a l

c o m p l i a n ce d a t e r e qu i

r e m e n t s i n s ec t i o n 112 ( i )( 3 )

. S p e c i f i c a ll y

, s e c t i o n 112 ( f

)( 4 ) p r o v i d e s t h a t a100

s o u r ce ca nn o t e m i

t a n a i r p o ll u t a n t i n v i o l a t i o n o f a s t a n d a r d i ss u e d u n d e r s u b s ec t i o n ( f ) e x ce p t

t h a t t h e s t a n d a r d w i l l n o t a pp l y u n t i l 90 d a y s a f

t e r i t s e ff ec t i v e d a t e

. I t a l s o p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e

A d m i n i s t r a t o r m a y g r a n

t a w a i v e r f

o r a p e r i o d o f up t o 2 y ea r s f r o m t h e e ff

ec t i v e d a t e i f

n e c e s s a r y f

o r t h e i n s t a ll a t i o n o f c o n

t r o l s a n d i f m e a s u r e s w i l l b e t a k e n i n t h e i n t e r i m t o e n s u r e

pub l i c h e a l

t h i s p r o t ec t e d f

r o m i mm i n e n

t e n d a n g e r m e n

t

.

A s s t a t e d i n t h e t ec h

n i ca l d o c u m e n

t s s upp o r t i n g t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e

, w e do n o t b e li e v e t h a t

a d d i t i o n a l c o n t r o l s w il l b e r e q u i

r e d f o r f a c i l i t i e s t o m ee t t h e n e w d i o x i n a n d f u r a n s t a n d a r d s

.

H o w e v e r

, t h e t w o y e a r c o m p l i a n ce d a t e i s a

pp r o p r i a t e t o a l l o w f

a c i l i t i e s t h e t im e n e e d e d t o

p e r f o r m t e s t i n g t o d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r t h e y w il l n e e d t o m od i f y e x i s t i n g c o n

t r o l d e v i c e s a n d

c o m p l e t e s u c h m od i f

i c a t i o n s

, i f n ec e ss a r y

, t o c o m p l y w i t h t h e s t a n d a r d f

o r d i o x i n s a n d

T H C

.

S ee a l s o 76 F R a t 29064 / 1 e x p l a i n i ng w h y i

t i s p o s s i b l e f

o r E P A t o f

i nd a t t h i s t im e t h a t s o u

r ce s

n ee d t w o y ea r s t o c o m

p l y w i t h t h e r i s k

- b a s e d s t a nd a r d s f o r m e t a l H A P

.

C o m m e n t ( 104

, 220 ) : C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 s t a

t e d t h a t a t w o y ea r c o m

p l i a n ce

s c h e d u l e i s i n s u f

f i c i e n t a n d u n r e a l i s t i c b a s e d o n t h e r e qu i r e d c o n t r o l s s e t f o r t h i n t h e p r o p o s e d

R T R

, p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s . T h e c o m m e n t e r s s t a t e d t h a t f o r f a c il i t i e s t h a t d o n o t

c u rr e n t l y c o n t a i n t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s

, d e s i g n s m u s t c o n s i d e r e ff

i c i e n t m o v e m e n

t o f m a t e r i a l s

b e t w e e n p r o ce s s i n g s t e p s a n d t h e i n d oo r w o r k e nv i r o n m e n t

. T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n m

u s t a l s o b e

ca r e f u ll y s t a g e d a r o u n d t h e p r o ce ss e q u i p m e n t a n d i t i s li k e l y t h a t t h e l a r g e e n c l o s u r e s c ou l d o n l y

b e c o n s t r u c t e d d

u r i n g s c h e d

u l e d p e r i od i c m a i n

t e n a n ce d o w n

t im e s w h i c h a r e s c h e d

u l e d a t l e a s t

s i x m o n t h s a p a r t

.

R e s p o n se : A s j u s t s t a

t e d

, C AA s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)( 4 ) e x p r e ss l y p r o v i d e s s p ec i f

i c

r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r c o m p l i a n c e d a t e s f

o r s t a n d a r d s i s s u e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )

. S p e c i f i c a ll y

, s ec t i o n

112 ( f )( 4 ) p r o v i d e s t h a t a s o u r ce ca nn o t e m i t a n a i r p o ll u t a n t i n v i o l a t i o n o f a s t a n d a r d i ss u e d

u n d e r s u b s e c t i o n ( f

) e x ce p t t h a t t h e s t a n d a r d w i l l no t a pp l y u n t i l 90 d a y s a f

t e r i t s e ff ec t i v e d a t e

. I t

a l s o p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r m a y g r a n t a w a i v e r f

o r a p e r i o d o f up t o 2 y ea r s f r o m t h e

e ff ec t i v e d a t e i f n e c e s s a r y f

o r t h e i n s t a ll a t i o n o f c o n

t r o l s a n d i f m e a s u r e s w i l l b e t a k e n i n t h e

i n t e r im t o e n s u r e pub l i c h e a l t h i s p r o t e c t e d f

r o m i mm i n e n

t e n d a n g e r m e n

t . T w o y ea r s h a s b e e n

p r o v i d e d f

o r c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h t h e r u l e g i v e n t h a t t h e t w o y e a r p e r i o d i s n ec e ss a r y t o i n s t a ll

c o n t r o l s

.101

C o m m e n t ( 104

, 220 ) : C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 s t a

t e d t h a t t h e f

a c i l i t i e s a r e f a c i ng

o b li g a t i o n s t o a

t t a i n t h e 2008 l ea d N A A Q S a n d r e q u i r e t im e t o d e t e r mi n e t h e d e g r ee t o w h i c h

t h e s e o b li g a t i o n s o v e r l a

p w i t h t h e N E S H A P im

p l e m e n t a t i o n i n o r d e r t o d e v e l o p a pp r o p r i a t e

d e s i g n a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n p l a n s

.

R e s po n se : C A A s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 4 ) e x p r e s s l y p r o v i d e s s p e c i f

i c r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r s t a n d a r d s

i s s u e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )

. S p e c i f i ca ll y

, s ec t i o n 1 12 ( f

)( 4 ) p r o v i d e s t h a t a s o u r ce ca nn o t e m i t a n

a i r p o ll u t a n t i n v i o l a t i o n o f a s t a n d a r d i s s u e d u n d e r s ub s ec t i o n ( f ) e x ce p t t h a t t h e s t a n d a r d w i l l

n o t a pp l y u n t i l 90 d a y s a f

t e r i t s e ff ec t i v e d a t e

. I t a l s o p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r m a y g r a n t a

w a i v e r f o r a p e r i o d o f up t o 2 y ea r s f r o m t h e e ff

ec t i v e d a t e i f n ece s s a r y f

o r t h e i n s t a ll a t i o n o f

c o n t r o l s a n d i f m e a s u r e s w il l b e t a k e n i n t h e i n t e r i m t o e n s u r e pub l i c h ea l t h i s p r o t e c t e d f

r o m

imm i n e n t e n d a n g e r m e n

t . T w o y ea r s h a s b e e n p r o v i d e d f o r c o m p li a n ce w i

t h t h e r u l e g i v e n t h a t

t h e t w o y ea r p e r i o d i s n ec e ss a r y t o i n s t a ll c o n t r o l s

.

C o m m e n t ( 104

, 220 ) : C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 s t a

t e d t h a t t h e E P A i s e n g a g i ng i n

n u m e r o u s ac t i o n s t h a t a ff

ec t o t h e r i n du s t r y s o u r ce s ( e

. g

. , B o il e r M A C T, U t i l i t y M A C T, o t h e r

R T R ac t i o n s ) t h a t w i l l i n c r e a s e t h e c o s t o f c o m p l i a n ce b y i n c r e a s i ng t h e d e m a n d f o r c o n s t r u c t i o n

s e r v i c e s

.

R e s p o n se : W e b e li e v e t h a t i t i s u n l i k e l y t h a t a n y o f t h e m e n t i o n e d ac t i o n s w i l l im

p ac t

t h e a v a i l a b il i

t y o f t h e n ec e ss a r y s e r v i ce s t o t h e s e c o n d a r y l e a d s m e l t i n g f a c i l i t i e s . T h e

c o mm e n t e r p r o v i d e s n o e v i d e n ce t o t h e c o n t r a r y

. N o r d o e s t h e c o mm e n t p r o v i d e d e t a il s a s t o

h o w t h e s e o t h e r a c t i o n s im p ac t t h e c o m

p l i a n c e d a t e s s e t f

o r t h i n t h e C A A f

o r s ec t i o n 112 ( f

)

s t a n d a r d s

.

C o m m e n t ( 59

, 196 ): C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 s t a

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u l y 25

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t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A h a s

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)( 3 ) a n d ( 4 )

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n o t b e li e v e t h a t a n y un acce p t a b l e r i s k u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f ) a u t o m a t i c a l l y e qu a t e s t o a n

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.104

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. E mi ss i o n s w i l l a l s o b e

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n g m u s t b e d o n e o n a m o n

t h l y b a s i s w h i l e § 63

. 543 ( 5 ) ( f ) m a k e s i t c l ea r t h a t

t e s t i n g m u s t b e d o n e o n a n a n n

u a l b a s i s ; t h e c o m

m e n t e r a s k s f o r c l a r i f i c a t i o n

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t e r s 90

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r u n d e r s t a n d i ng i s t h a t t e s t i ng i s r e q u i r e d o n a n a n n

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a v e r a g e e m i ss i o n s a r e c a l c u l a t e d m o n t h l y b a s e d o n t h e m o s t r ece n t a n n u a l s t ac k t e s t s ; t h e

c o mm e n t e r s a s k t h a t t h e E P A c o n f i r m t h a t t h i s i s t h e i n

t e n t o f t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e

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R e s p o n se : T h e c o mm e n t e r s a r e c o rr e c t i n t h e i

r u nd e r s t a n d i n g t h a t t e s t i n g i s r e q u i r e d o n

a n a n n u a l b a s i s w h i l e t h e a v e r a g e e m i ss i o n s a r e c a l c u l a t e d m o n t h l y b a s e d o n t h e m o s t r ece n t

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e ff ec t s a r e o b s e r v e d . T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t im e l y f

e e d b ac k r e g a r d i n g e m i s s i o n s i s

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o v e r s h o r t t im e p e r i o d s

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t s i g n i f

i ca n t a d v a n c e s i n c o n

t i n u o u s m e t a l s

m o n i t o r i n g t ec h n o l og y h a v e b ee n m a d e s i n c e t h e l a s t N E S H A P a n d p r o v i d e s e v i d e n ce t h a t n ea rr e a l

- t im e m o n i

t o r i n g o f l ea d a n d o t h e r m e t a l H A P i s c o mm e r c i a ll y a v a il a b l e

.

C o mm e n t e r 81 s t a t e d t h a t i n s t a ll a t i o n o f a m

u l t i

- m e t a l C E M S w o u l d e lim i n a t e t h e E P A

c o n ce r n s o v e r t h e e ff

ec t i v e n e ss o f b a g h o u s e s i n c a p t u r i n g m e r c u r y a n d w ou l d e l im i n a t e t h e n ee d

f o r a B L D S a s w e l l a s t h e n e e d t o m ea s u r e m e r c u r y c o n t e n t i n s c r a p m e t a l s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r

f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t i n s t a ll a t i o n o f a m u l t i

- m e t a l C E M S w o u l d a ll e v i a t e c o n ce r n s o v e r p o ss i b l e

a r s e n i c e m i ss i o n s . T h e c o mm e n t e r a l s o s ugg e s t e d t h a t i f t h e E P A d o e s n o t r e qu i r e C E M S f

o r

s t ac k s

, t h e y

s h ou l d r e q u i

r e a t l e a s t t w o a m

b i e n t n e a r-r ea l

- t im e l e a d m o n i t o r s.

I n r e s p o n s e t o t h e E P A ’ s s t a t e d c o n ce r n s a b o u t t h e c o s t s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h l e a d C E M S

,

c o mm e n t e r 81 s t a t e d t h a t “ t h e r e a r e c o s t s a ss o c i a t e d w i t h n o ac t i o n ” a n d t h a t “ t h e r e a l p r o b l e m i s

n o t t h a t a n

u m b e r o f s t ac k s mi g h

t r e qu i r e C E M S

, bu t t h a t t h e r e a r e t oo m a n y l o w l e v e l s t ac k s

c o n t r i b u t i n g t o f

u m i g a t i o n e v e n

t s i n t h e l o c a l n e i g h b o r h oo d s

. ” T h e c o mm e n t e r s ugg e s t e d t h a t

o n e po t e n t i a l s t r a t e g y w ou l d b e t o d i

r ec t t h e s e l o w l e v e l s t ac k s t o a c o m m o n s t ac k t h a t c o u l d

t h e n b e m o n i

t o r e d w i t h a s i n g l e C E M S

. T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t “ m o s t s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s a r e r e l a t i v e l y

s m a l l

... ”

, s o t h a t t h e c o s t t o du c t e mi s s i o n s t o a c o m m o n s t ac k “ s h ou l d

n o t b e t oo h i g h

, p a r t i c u l a r l y i n c o m p a r i s o n t o t h e c o s t o f m o n i t o r i n g a l l s t ac k s i n d i v i d

u a l l y

. ”

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i ca t i o n f o r a l ea d C E M S i s n o t

a j u s t i f i a b l e r e a s o n f

o r n o t r e qu i

r i n g t h e m . T h e c o m m e n

t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e l ac k o f a pub l i s h e d

p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i c a t i o n d i d n o t p r e v e n

t t h e E P A f

r o m r e q u i r i n g m e r c u r y C E M S o r H C l C E M S

f o r c o a l f i r e d p o w e r p l a n

t s

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t t h e p e r f

o r m a n ce s p ec i f

i ca t i o n a n d

Q A p r o ce du r e f

o r m u l t i

- m e t a l C E M S a r e c u rr e n t l y a v a i l a b l e o n t h e E P A ’ s w e b s i t e . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t m od i f

y i ng t h e s e p e r f

o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i ca t i o n s s p e c i f

i ca l l y f o r a l ea d C E M S

c o u l d b e ea s il y c o m

p l e t e d

.106

C o mm e n t e r 81 n o t e d e mi s s i o n s du r i n g s t a r t

- up

, s h u t d o w n

, a n d

/ o r m a l f u n c t i o n s c a n

r e p r e s e n t a s i g n i f i ca n t f r ac t i o n o f a p l a n

t ’ s e mi ss i o n s . T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t i

t i s c r i t i c a l

t o b e a b l e t o m o n i

t o r e mi ss i o n s du r i n g SS M p e r i o d s a n d t h a t i t i s im p o s s i b l e t o d o s o un l e ss a

C E M S i s i n p l ace

.

C o mm e n t e r 85 p r o v i d e d d a t a r e g a r d i n g a n X -r a y f l u o r e s ce n ce b a s e d m

u l t i

- m e t a l s

c o n t i n u o u s e mi ss i o n s m o n i

t o r

. T h e c o mm e n

t e r a l s o p r o v i d e d p r o p o s e d p e r f o r m a n ce

s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a n d o n

- g o i n g Q A p r o ce du r e s f o r l ea d C E M S

. C o mm e n t e r 85 a l s o l a t e r s ub m i

tt e d

c o mm e n t s r e qu e s t i n g t h a t t h e E P A c o mm e n t o n a l l a s p ec t s o f i

t s o r i g i n a l c o mm e n

t s

, c i t i n g

s p e c i f i ca l l y t h e a d e qu a c y o f t h e p r e s e n t e d d a t a i n d e m o n s t r a

t i n g t h e f e a s i b il i t y o f u s i ng t h e X ac t

a s a P b C E M S

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ea s i b il i t y o f t h e p e r f

o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i ca t i o n s

, o n

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t y a s s u r a n ce

p r o ce du r e s, a n d t h e s ub m i tt e d t r acea

b i l i t y p r o t o c o l

, a n d a n y c h a n g e s t h e a g e n c y f ee l m a y b e

n e c e s s a r y t o a ss u r e t h e d a t a qu a l i t y o f P b C E M S

. T h e c o mm e n t e r a l s o s t a

t e s t h a t t h e X ac t

i n s t r u m e n t c o s t i s $141

, 665 w i

t h a n a n n u a l o p e r a t i n g c o s t o f $10

, 693

.

R e s po n se : I t i s n o t a

pp r o p r i a t e t o r e qu i

r e l e a d C E M S f

o r n e w o r e x i s t i n g s o u r ce s a b s e n t a

p r o m u l g a t e d p e r f

o r m a n ce s p e c i f

i c a t i o n f o r t h i s t ec h n o l og y . T h e r e i s n o t a n u m e r i c a l s t a n d a r d f

o r

H A P m e t a l s o t h e r t h a n l e a d ; t h e r e f o r e

, t h e e ff

ec t i v e n e ss o f a C E M S a t m e a s u r i n g t h e s e m e t a l s i s

n o t r e l e v a n

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t h s u b p a r t X

. W e a l s o n o t e t h a t m ea s u r i ng m e r c u r y c o n t e n t i n s c r a p

m e t a l s i s n o t r e qu i

r e d b y t h i s r u l e

, s o i

t i s u n c l e a r h o w t h e p r e s e n ce o f a C E M S ca p a b l e o f

m e a s u r i n g m e r c u r y w ou l d a ff ec t a f a c il i t y w i t h r e s p ec t t o m e a s u r i n g m e r c u r y c o n t e n t i n s c r a p

.

W i t h r e s p ec t t o f

a c il i t i e s r ec o n f

i gu r i ng t h e i

r s t ac k s t o m a k e t h e i

r f a c i l i t y m o r e a m e n a b l e

t o C E M S a n d p r e v e n

t e mi ss i o n s f

r o m s h o r t e r s t ac k s

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e r i s k a s s e ss m e n t c o n s i d e r e d

r i s k s f r o m a l l s t ac k s

, r e g a r d l e s s o f h e i g h t a n d t h e r e s u l

t s w e r e c o n s i d e r e d i n o u r d ec i s i o n m a k i ng

r e g a r d i n g t h e l ea d e mi ss i o n l im i t . T h e p r o ce ss o f d e v e l op i ng a p e r f o r m a n ce s p e c i f

i ca t i o n f o r a

m o n i t o r i n g m e t h o d i n v o l v e s a p e r i o d o f n o t i ce a n d c o mm e n t

. S i n c e a p e r f

o r m a n ce s p ec i f

i ca t i o n

w a s n o t i n c l ud e d i n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e

, t h e pub li c w a s n o t p r o v i d e d w i t h a n o ppo r

t un i t y t o

c o mm e n t o n t h e p e r f

o r m a n ce s p e c i f

i ca t i o n p r o v i d e d b y t h e c o mm e n t e r s a f t e r t h e p r o p o s a l . T h e

p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i c a t i o n s p r o v i d e d b y t h e c o m m e n t e r s h a v e b e e n p r o v i d e d t o t h e a pp r o p r i a t e

E P A s t a f f

. H o w e v e r

, w e do n o t f

i n d i t a pp r o p r i a t e t o a

pp r o v e t h e p e r f

o r m a n ce s p e c i f

i ca t i o n s i n

t h e c o n t e x t o f t h i s f

i n a l r u l e w i

t h o u t f i r s t p r o v i d i n g t h e pub l i c a n o p p o r t un i t y t o c o mm e n

t

. W i t h

r e g a r d t o t h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s r e qu e s t t h a t t h e E P A r e s p o n d t o t h e s p e c i f i c i ss u e s r a i s e d i n t h e i

r l a t e

c o mm e n t s

, w e r e i t e r a t e t h a t a l ea d C E M S p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i c a t i o n m u s t b e p r o p o s e d a n d107

f i n a l i ze d a s a r u l e m a k i ng ac t i o n a n d t h e i ss u e s r a i s e d b y t h e c o mm e n t e r a r e b e s t a d d

r e ss e d

t h r o ug h t h a t r u l e m a k i ng

. W h e n s u c h a p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i ca t i o n i s p r o p o s e d b y t h e E P A

, t h e

pub l i c w i l l h a v e t h e o p p o r t un i t y t o c o m m e n t o n t h e t y

p e s o f i s s u e s r a i s e d i n t h e c o mm e n t e r ’ s

l e tt e r

, s u c h a s o n g o i n g qu a l i t y a s s u r a n ce p r o ce du r e s a n d t r acea b il i t y p r o t o c o l s . T h e s e i s s u e s a r e

b e s t a dd r e ss e d t h

r o ug h t h a t r u l e m a k i ng . T h e t ec h n i c a l b a s i s o f t h e p e r f

o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i c a t i o n w il l

b e e v a l u a t e d b y

E P A s t a f f w h e n d e v e l op i n g t h e p r o p o s e d p e r f o r m a n ce s p e c i f

i c a t i o n f o r t h i s

t ec hn o l og y

. S ub s e qu e n

t l y

, t h e a p p li ca t i o n o f a l ea d C E M S t o d e m o n s t r a t e c o m p li a n ce i n t h i s

r u l e m a k i ng m

u s t b e e v a l u a t e d w i

t h r e s p ec t t o w h e t h e r t h e c u rr e n t f o r m o f t h e e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d

( b a s e d o n m a n

u a l t e s t d a

t a ) i s a pp r o p r i a t e

.

C o m m e n t ( 79

, 218 ): C o mm e n t e r s 90 a n d 96 c o mm e n

t e d o n d a t a a n d c o mm e n

t s

s ub m i tt e d b y C oo p e r E n

v i r o n m e n t a l S e r v i c e s a n d P a l l C o r

p o r a t i o n r e g a r d i n g a c o mm e r c i a ll y

a v a i l a b l e l ea d C E M . T h e c o mm e n t e r s n o t e t h a t C o o p e r

E n v i r o n m e n t a l S e r v i ce s i n f

o r m e d t h e

A B R t h a t t h e C E M c o s t a pp r o x im a t e l y $400

, 000 p e r s t ac k t o i n s t a ll

, a c o s t t h a t t h e c o mm e n t e r s

c l a i m s i s e x t r e m e l y h i g h a n d w o u l d b e m u l t i p l i e d m a n y t im e s o v e r a s f a c il i t i e s i n t h i s i n d

u s t r y

t y p i c a ll y h a v e 7

- 8 s t ac k s

. T h e c o m m e n t e r s n o t e f

u r t h e r c o n ce r n t h a t t h e p r i c e o f a l ea d C E M

c o u l d r i s e i f t h e E P A r e q u i r e s i t a s t h e t ec h n o l og y i s o n l y o ff e r e d b y o n e c o m

p a n y

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e i s n o d i s c u ss i o n i n t h e r ec o r d j u s t i f y i ng t h e n ee d f

o r

a d v a n ce s i n m o n i

t o r i n g a n d s u r v e i ll a n ce o n s t ac k s o u r ce s i n t h i s i n du s t r y

, n o r i s t h e r e a n y

i n d i ca t i o n t h a t t h e B L D S t ec hn o l og y t h a t i s c u rr e n t l y r e q u i r e d i s i n a d e qu a t e

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s

c l a i m t h a t C o o p e r E n

v i r o n m e n t a l S e r v i c e ’ s c o m

m e n t s a r e “ r i f e w i t h i rr e l e v a n

t a n d i n c o rr e c t

i n f o r m a t i o n ” . T h e c o mm e n t e r s f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t C o o p e r E n v i r o n m e n t a l S e r v i c e ’ s c o mm e n

t s

r e g a r d i n g m

u l t i

- m e t a l C E M S a r e i

rr e l e v a n t a s t h e E P A n e i

t h e r p r o p o s e d m

u l t i

- m e t a l C E M S n o r

r e qu e s t e d c o mm e n

t o n t h e i r a p p li ca b i l i t y

.

R e s p o n se : We a g r ee t h a t m e a s u r e m e n t o f H A P m e t a l s o t h e r t h a n l ea d i s n o t n ece s s a r y

f o r c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h s u b p a r t X a n d t h e r e f

o r e n o t r e l e v a n

t t o t h i s r u l e m a k i n g

. W e h a v e c o n s i d e r e d

t h e c o s t e s t im a t e s p r o v i d e d b y a l l c o mm e n t e r s a n d m a i n

t a i n t h a t i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o i

n c l u d e t h e

r e q u i r e m e n t f o r l ea d C E M S f

o r n e w s o u r ce s

. H o w e v e r

, t h i s r e q u i r e m e n t w i l l n o t b e e ff

ec t i v e

u n t i l a l ea d C E M S p e r f

o r m a n ce s p e c i f

i ca t i o n h a s b ee n p r o m

u l g a t e d

.

C o m m e n t ( 78

, 218

, 141

, 174 ) : F o u r c o m m e n t e r s ( 90

, 9 3

, 9 5

, a n d 96 ) s t a t e d t h a t t h e

E P A s h ou l d a b a n d o n i

t s p r o p o s a l t o r e qu i

r e C E M S f

o r n e w a n d m od i f

i e d s o u r ce s . T h e108

c o mm e n t e r s s t a t e d t h a t b eca

u s e t h e E P A h a s n o t s e t f o r t h a p e r f

o r m a n ce s p ec i f

i ca t i o n f o r a l ea d

C E M

, s t a k e h o l d e r s a r e u n a b l e t o a ss e s s t h e s y s t e m s a n d t h e i r a p p l i c a b il i t y t o t h i s i n d

u s t r y . T h e

c o mm e n t e r s a l s o a r gu e d t h a t t h e E P A m u s t a ss e ss c o s t

- e ff

ec t i v e n e ss u n d e r S ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 )( A )

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r s s t a t e d f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s a n a l y s i s o f t ec h n o l og i c a l f e a s i b il i t y f o r

C E M i s i n a d e qu a t e

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s a l s o e x

p r e s s c o n ce r n o v e r u s i n g a d i f f e r e n t m e t h o d t o

s h o w c o m

p l i a n ce t h a n t h e o n e u s e d t o s e t t h e s t a n d a r d

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t l ea d

C E M S s h ou l d n o t b e i n c l u d e d i n S ub p a r t X u n

t i l p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i c a t i o n s a n d p r o ce du r e s a r e

p r o m u l g a t e d a n d f

ea s i b il i t y a n d e ff e c t i v e n e s s o n s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t e r s h a s b e e n d e m o n s t r a t e d

.

R e s p o n se : A p e r f

o r m a n ce s p e c i f

i ca t i o n f o r l ea d C E M S w i l l b e p r o m u l g a t e d p r i o r t o t h e

r e q u i r e m e n t b ec o mi ng e ff

e c t i v e i n t h i s s u b p a r t

. T h e p r o ce ss f o r p r o m u l g a t i n g a l ea d C E M S

m e t h o d i n c l

u d e s p r o p o s i n g s u c h a m e t h o d a n d p r ov i d i ng t h e o p p o r t un i t y f o r pub li c c o mm e n

t

. I n

a d d i t i o n , E P A w o u l d c o n s i d e r a s p a r t o f t h e r u l e m a k i n g p r o cee d i n g

, w h e t h e r i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o

a d j u s t t h e l e v e l o f a n y s t a n d a r d m e a s u r e d b y a C E M c o n s i d e r i n g t h e m o r e f r e qu e n t m ea s u r e m e n

t

a n d h e n ce d a m

p e n i ng o f v a r i a b il i

t y o v e r t im e o f m

u l t i p l e m e a s u r e m e n

t s

.

3

. 5 .3 B ag L e a k D e t ec t i o n S y s t e m s ( B L D S)

C o m m e n t ( 81 ) : C o mm e n t e r 90 s t a t e d t h a t t h e c u r r e n

t l a n gu a g e i n § 63

. 543 ( f

)

, ( g )

, a n d

( h ) r e q u i r e a n n u a l c o m p li a n ce t e s t i n g f

o r l ea d , T H C

, a n d D / F f

o r a ll p r o ce ss v e n

t s . T h e

c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e t e r m p r o ce ss v e n t i n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e i n c l ud e s s o u r ce s t h a t a r e

e i t h e r n o t s u i

t a b l e f o r t e s t i n g g i v e n t h e i

r c o n f i gu r a t i o n o r d o n o t h a v e e mi ss i o n s lim i t s i n t h e

p r o p o s e d r u l e . T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t D / F a n d T H C t e s t i n g s h ou l d b e l im i t e d o n l y t o t h o s e

s o u r ce s t h a t h a v e e m i ss i o n l im i t a t i o n s o n D / F a n d T H C

.

T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e J o hn s o n C o n t r o l s f a c il i t y w i l l u t i l i z e f

i l t e r e d r o o f

e x h a u s t s t h a t d o n o t h a v e s t ac k s t h a t a l l o w m ea s u r e m e n t o f v e l o c i

t y o r m ee t i s ok i n e t i c s a m p li ng

r e q u i r e m e n t s u n d e r E P A M e t h o d 2 9

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t h e f

o l l o w i ng s o u r ce s s h ou l d b e

e x c l ud e d f

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i n i t i o n o f p r o ce ss v e n

t : r o o f e x h a

u s t s e q u i pp e d w i t h H E P A f

i l t e r s

, v e n t s

f r o m b u il d i n g s t h a t a r e n o t p a r t i a l o r t o t a l e n c l o s u r e s

, a n d b u i l d i ng v e n t s f r o m n o n

- l ea d b ea r i n g

p r o ce ss a r ea s

.

R e s p o n se : W e h a v e r e v i s e d t h e p r o p o s e d r e gu l a t o r y t e x t t o c l a r i f y t h a t c o m

p li a n ce t e s t s

n ee d o n l y b e c o n du c t e d f o r t h o s e s o u r ce s t h a t h a v e e mi s s i o n s l im i t a t i o n s f o r t h e a p p li c a b l e

p o ll u t a n t

. W e a g r ee t h a t b u il d i ng v e n t s f r o m n o n

- l ea d b ea r i ng p r o ce ss a r ea s s h ou l d b e e x c l ud e d109

f r o m t h e d e f

i n i t i o n o f p r o ce ss v e n

t a n d h a v e r e f

l ec t e d s u c h i n t h e r e gu l a t o r y t e x t

. H o w e v e r

, w e

d i s a g r ee t h a t a l l r oo f e x h a u s t s e qu i p p e d w i t h H E P A f

i l t e r s s h ou l d b e e x c l

u d e d f r o m t h e

d e f i n i t i o n o f p r o ce ss v e n

t

.

C o m m e n t ( 151 ) : C o mm e n t e r 9 3 s t a t e d t h a t t h e r e q u i

r e m e n t f o r m o n t h l y c a l c u l a t i o n o f

f l o w

- w e i g h

t e d a v e r a g e e m i ss i o n s i s unn ece s s a r y a n d r e p r e s e n t s a n a d d i t i o n a l b u r d e n w i

t h o u t

b e n e f i t . T h e c o mm e n

t e r a r gu e d t h a t s o u r ce s w i l l t y p i c a ll y s c h e d

u l e t h e a n n

u a l c o m p l i a n c e t e s t s

f o r a l l p r o ce ss v e n

t s a t a f a c il i t y i n t h e s a m e w ee k

, a n d t h e r e f o r e

, t h e r e s u l

t s p r o du ce d b y t h e

m o n t h l y ca l c u l a t i o n w il l n o t c h a n g e o v e r a p e r i o d o f n e a r l y a y e a r

. T h e r e f o r e

, r e q u i r i n g t h e

f a c il i t i e s t o p e r f

o r m c o m p li c a t e d s u mm a t i o n c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r m u l t i p l e p r o ce ss v e n

t s t ac k s eac h

m o n t h w h e n t h e r e s u l

t s eac h m o n

t h w i l l b e t h e s a m e p r o v i d e s n o a d d i t i o n a l b e n e f

i t o r a ss u r a n ce

o f c o m p l i a n c e w i

t h t h e s t a n d a r d

.

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l o w

- w e i g h

t e d a v e r a g e

e mi ss i o n s i s c o m

p l e x o r r e p r e s e n

t s a n un n e ce s s a r y a d d i

t i o n a l b u r d e n

. W e u n d e r s t a n d t h a t i t i s

p o s s i b l e t h a t f

a c il i t i e s m a y t e s t d i ff

e r e n t p r o ce ss v e n

t s a t d i f f e r e n t t im e s t h r o ug h o u t t h e y e a r

.

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l o w

- w e i g h

t e d a v e r a g e e mi ss i o n s o n a m o n t h l y b a s i s w il l e n s u r e t h a t t h e v a l u e

c o n s i s t e n t l y i n c l ud e s t h e m o s t u

p

- t o

- d a t e s t ac k t e s t d a t a a v a il a b l e

.

3 .6 T y p og r a ph i c a l C o r r ec t i o n s

C o m m e n t ( 138 ) : C o mm e n t e r 92 r e qu e s t e d c l a r i f

i c a t i o n o n a f

o o t n o t e o f

T a b l e 2 t h a t

r e f e r e n ce s J a n

u a r y 2010 N E I d a

t a a s b e i n g t h e b a s i s f

o r w h i c h e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h i s s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y w e r e e s t im a t e d

. T h e c o mm e n t e r s t a t e d t h e i r u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h a t t h e N E I i s d e v e l o p e d

o n a 3

- y ea r c y c l e a n d t h a t 2010 i s n o t o n e o f t h e d e v e l op m e n t y ea r s . T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r

s t a t e d t h a t s i n ce t h e 2005 N E I d a t a w a s u s e d i n t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n t

, a n e x p l a n a t i o n a s t o w h y a n

a l t e r n a t i v e y ea r w a s u t i l i ze d i n t h e s o c i o

- ec o n o mi c a n a l y s i s s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d

.

R e s p o n se : T h e c o mm e n t e r i s c o rr e c t t h a t 201 0 i s n o t a d e v e l op m e n t y ea r . T h e 2005

N E I d a t a w a s u s e d f

o r t h e s o c i o

- ec o n o mi c a n a l y s i s

.

3 .7 SS M a n d A ff

i r m a t i v e D e f

e n s e

C o m m e n t ( 225 ): C o mm e n t e r 98 a g r ee d w i

t h t h e E P A i n t h e r e m o v a l o f t h e un l a w f u l

m a l f u n c t i o n e x e m

p t i o n u n d e r t h e e x i s t i n g r u l e s

, b u t n o t e d t h a t t h e E P A f a i l e d t o a ss e ss c a n ce r110

a n d n o n

- c a n ce r c h

r o n i c h e a l t h r i s k f r o m m a l f u n c t i o n o r o t h e r v i o l a t i o n s o f t h e M A C T s t a n d a r d

.

S p e c i f i c a ll y ;

E P A m u s t c o n s i d e r t h e f

u l l p o t e n t i a l f o r r i s k f r o m a l l e mi ss i o n s t h a t a

r e li k e l y t o

o cc u r

, e v e n t h o ug h t h e s t a n d a r d i s i n p l ace

, n o t j u s t t h e r i s k b a s e d o n t h e

“ a l l o w a b l e ” n

u m b e r o f e m i s s i o n s

.

E P A ac kn o w l e d g e s t h a t m a l f u n c t i o n s i n e v i

t a b l y o cc u r

. E P A h a s i n f o r m a t i o n

a v a i l a b l e o r ca n c o ll ec t i n f o r m a t i o n o n m a

j o r s o u r c e s ’ m a l f

u n c t i o n a n d v i o l a t i o n

h i s t o r y

. R e s ea r c h b y t h e E nv i r o n m e n t a l I n t e g r i t y P r o j ec t ( “ E I P ” ) f

r o m 2004

f ou n d t h a t s i g n i f

i ca n t e mi ss i o n e x cee d a n c e s o cc u r r o u t i n e l y

, ac r o ss a r a n g e o f

d i ff e r e n t i n d u s t r i e s

. M o r e o v e r

, E I P f

o u n d t h a t “ r e l ea s e s f

r o m up s e t s ac t u a l l y

d w a r f a f a c i l i t y ’ s r o u t i n e e mi ss i o n s . E P A m

u s t l o ok a t d a

t a

, li k e t h e E I P r e po r

t

,

a n d e n s u r e t h a t i

t s r i s k a n a l y s i s a n d r e s u l

t i ng s t a n d a r d p r e p a r e f

o r t h e li k e l i h oo d

t h a t m a l f u n c t i o n s w il l o cc u r a n d t h a t t h e pub li c w il l n ee d p r o t e c t i o n f r o m t h e h i g h

e mi ss i o n s t h e y c a

u s e

.

E P A ca n n o t i g n o r e t h e a d d i t i o n a l e m i ss i o n s f

r o m m a l f u n c t i o n s o r o t h e r v i o l a t i o n s

i n c a l c u l a t i n g r i s k

. I t m a y n o t a ss u m e t h a t m a l f u n c t i o n o r o t h e r v i o l a t i o n

- b a s e d

e mi ss i o n s a r e ze r o w h e n i t kn o w s t h a t t h e y a r e n o t a n d w h e n i t s o w n p r o p o s a l i s

l i k e l y t o p e r

p e t u a t e t h e p r o b l e m o f m a l f

u n c t i o n s i n o v e rb u r d e n e d c o mm u n i t i e s

.

F o r t h e pu r

p o s e o f a s s e ss i ng h e a l

t h r i s k , E P A ca nno t p r e s u m e t h a t a f a c il i t y w i l l

b e i n f u ll c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h t h e s t a n d a r d a t a ll t im e s, a s t h i s r u n s c o u n t e r t o p a s t

h i s t o r y

.

B y f a i l i ng t o acc o u n

t f o r t h e h e i g h

t e n e d r i s k f

r o m e x c ee d a n c e s o f t h e M A C T i n

i t s c a l c u l a t i o n , E P A f

a i l s t o c o n s i d e r t h e f

u l l r i s k t o pub li c h e a l

t h a n d t h e

e nv i r o n m e n

t f r o m t h i s s o u r ce

, e s p e c i a ll y f o r t h e m a x i m

u m e x p o s e d i n d i v i du a l

a n d m o s t

- a ff

ec t e d c o mm

u n i t i e s . T h i s v i o l a t e s s ec t i o n 112 ( f )( 2 )

. T h e A c t

s p e c i f i ca l l y r e q u i

r e s E P A t o b a s e i

t s r i s k a n a l y s i s o n t h e h i g h e s t p o s s i b l e l e v e l o f

r i s k “ t o t h e i n d i v i du a l m o s t e x p o s e d t o e mi ss i o n s fr o m a s o u r ce i n t h e ca t e g o r y o r

s ub ca t e g o r y

. ” 42 U

. S

. C

. § 7412 ( f )( 2 )( A ) ; § 7412 ( f

)( 1 )( C )

. T o d o t h i s

, i

t i s

n e c e s s a r y f

o r E P A t o d e t e r mi n e t h e h i g h e s t l e v e l o f p o t e n t i a l e m i s s i o n s f

r o m t h e111

w o r s t

- p e r f

o r mi ng s o u r ce

, a n d t h e n u s e t h a t i n f o r m a t i o n t o e s t a

b li s h t h e m a x i m

u m

i n d i v i du a l r i s k . T h a t r e qu i r e s c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f r i s k f r o m m a l f u n c t i o n

- a n d o t h e r

v i o l a t i o n

- b a s e d e m i ss i o n s

. H e i g h t e n e d e m i ss i o n s t h a t o cc u r du r i n g a m a l f u n c t i o n

a n d o t h e r t y

p e s o f v i o l a t i o n s p o s e i n c r ea s e d ac u t e h e a l t h r i s k s

, a s E P A h a s

r ec o gn i ze d

. 76 F e d

. R e g

. a t 2 9

, 040

. C h

r o n i c c a n ce r a n d n o n

- c a n ce r h e a l t h r i s k s

m a y a l s o b e m o r e s e v e r e t h a n t h o s e c a l c u l a t e d b y E P A b e c a u s e o f

m a l f u n c t i o n / v i o l a t i o n e m i ss i o n s

. F o r e x a m p l e , E P A ’ s M I R ( m a x i m

u m i n d i v i du a l

r i s k o f c a n ce r) i s b a s e d o n t h e a ss u m p t i o n t h a t e x

p o s u r e i s c o n s t a n

t f o r a l i f e t im e

( un l e s s E P A u s e s a g e d e p e n d e n t a d j u s t m e n t f ac t o r s )

. F a i l i ng t o l oo k a

t t h e t r u e

po t e n t i a l f o r s p i k e s w i ll s i g n i f

i c a n t l y u n d e r e s t im a t e t h e a m o u n t o f e mi ss i o n s

c o n s i d e r e d f

o r t h i s a n a l y s i s

.

E P A h a s acc o u n

t e d f o r s o m e r i s k b e y

o n d t h e “ M A C T a l l o w a b l e” e mi ss i o n l e v e l

i n i t s ac u t e h e a l

t h r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t

, d e m o n s t r a

t i n g t h a t i t i s n ec e ss a r y a n d

a pp r o p r i a t e t o d o s o f

o r a l l p a r t s o f t h e r i s k a ss e s s m e n t

. T o ca l c u l a t e ac u t e h e a l

t h

r i s k , E P A i s u s i ng a “ w o r s t

- ca s e” s c e n a r i o a pp r o a c h t h a t a

pp ea r s t o i n c l

u d e s o m e

acc o u n t i n g f o r a d d i t i o n a l h e a l

t h r i s k du e t o up s e t s, m a l f u n c t i o n s o r o t h e r

e x c ee d a n c e s o f t h e s t a n d a r d

. F o r ac u t e h e a l t h r i s k , E P A i s u s i ng a p ea k h o u r l y

e mi ss i o n s n

u m b e r t h a t i s “ 10 t im e s t h e a v e r a g e a n n u a l h o u r l y e m i s s i o n s r a t e f o r

t h a t s o u r c e

. ” 76 F e d

. R e g

. a t 2 9

, 040

. E P A ’ s u s e o f a f ac t o r t h a t acc o u n

t s f o r r i s k

b e y o n d t h e “ M A C T a l l o w a b l e” e mi ss i o n s n u m b e r f o r ac u t e r i s k i n s o m e m a n n e r

i n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t E P A h a s f o u n d a m e t h o d t o acc o u n t f o r

r i s k f r o m h i g h e r t h a n a l l o w a b l e e m i ss i o n s t h a t o c c u r f r o m m a l f u n c t i o n s a n d

v i o l a t i o n s

. I t m

u s t a pp l y a s i mi l a r m e t h o d t o a ss e ss t h e m a x i m u m li f e t im e c a n ce r

r i s k a n d c h

r o n i c n o n

- c a n ce r h e a l

t h r i s k f o r t h e m a x i m

u m e x p o s e d i n d i v i du a l . T h e

f a i l u r e t o d o s o v i o l a t e s § 112 ( f )( 2 ) a n d i s a rb i

t r a r y a n d ca

p r i c i ou s . T h e f

ac t t h a t

E P A h a s d o n e t h i s f

o r ac u t e h e a l

t h r i s k s h o w s t h a t i

t i s p o s s i b l e t o d o a n d s h ou l d

a l s o b e d o n e f

o r t h e o t h e r h e a l

t h r i s k s t h a t E P A m

u s t a dd r e ss i n t h i s r u l e m a k i ng

.

C o mm e n t e r s a l s o u r g e E P A t o i m

p r o v e i t s ac u t e h e a l

t h r i s k a n a l y s i s b y u s i ng a

s i mi l a r w o r s t

- ca s e f

a c t o r f o r f u g i t i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s a s w e ll a s s t ac k e mi ss i o n s

.

E P A ca n n o t j u s t i f

y i g n o r i n g t h e po t e n

t i a l f o r i n c r e a s e d f

u g i t i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s t o112

o cc u r a s a r e s u l

t o f a m a l f

u n c t i o n o r v i o l a t i o n

, w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e m a l f u n c t i o n i s

c o m b i n e d w i t h l o w

- w i n d a t m o s p h e r i c c o n d i t i o n s

, a s i t a t t e m p t s t o d o

. 7 6 F e d

.

R e g

. a t 29

, 04 0

. F u r

t h e r

, acc u r a

t e l y e v a l u a t i n g f

u g i t i v e du s t e mi ss i o n s i s c r u c i a l

b e c a u s e t h e s e e m i ss i o n s a r e t h e l a r g e s t c o n t r i b u t o r t o l e a d e mi ss i o n r i s k s

. S ee i d

.

a t 2 9

, 038

.

R e s p o n se : W e d i s a g r ee w i t h t h e c o mm e n

t e r t h a t e m i ss i o n s t h a t e x cee d s t a n d a r d s

a n d a r e v i o l a t i o n s

, w h e t h e r o r n o t ca u s e d b y m a l f

u n c t i o n e v e n

t s

, s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d a s

p a r t o f t h e r i s k a n a l y s i s . T h e pu r p o s e o f t h e r i s k r e v i e w i s t o e v a l u a t e w h e t h e r t h e e mi ss i o n

lim i t s s h ou l d b e m a d e m o r e s t r i n g e n t t o r e du ce t h e r i s k p o s e d a f t e r c o m p l i a n c e w i

t h t h e

u n d e r l y i ng M A C T s t a n d a r d

. T o t h e e x t e n t t h a t a s ou r ce i s v i o l a t i n g t h e u n d e r l y i ng M A C T

s t a n d a r d

, n o t i g h

t e n i ng o f t h e e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d und e r t h e r e s i du a l r i s k r u l e w i l l a v o i d o r

m i t i g a t e a g a i n s t s u c h v i o l a t i o n s

. I n o t h e r w o r d s, a s o u r ce t h a t i s v i o l a t i n g t h e M A C T

e mi ss i o n s s t a n d a r d p r o m

u l g a t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( d ) w o u l d n o t b e a n y m o r e li k e l y t o b e

a b l e t o a v o i d s u c h v i o l a t i o n s a n d c o m p l y w i t h a d i ff e r e n t p r e s u m a b l y m o r e s t r i n g e n t

s t a n d a r d p r o m

u l g a t e d u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 ( f )

. S u c h e v e n

t s a r e v i o l a t i o n s a n d s u b

j e c t t o

e n f o r c e m e n t b y t h e E P A

, t h e S t a

t e s o r c i t i ze n s a n d a n ac t i o n f

o r i n j u n c t i v e r e li e f i s t h e

m o s t e f f e c t i v e m e a n s t o a d d

r e ss v i o l a t i o n s w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e y a r e ca u s e d b y m a l f

u n c t i o n s

i f a n e m i ss i o n s e v e n

t p o s e s a s i g n i f i ca n t h e a l t h o r e nv i r o n m e n

t a l r i s k

.

A l t h o ug h w e d i s a g r ee t h a t e mi ss i o n s t h a t r e s u l t i n a v i o l a t i o n

s h ou l d b e c o n s i d e r e d

a s p a r t o f t h e r i s k r e v i e w

, w e n o t e t h a t w e b e li e v e m a l f u n c t i o n e v e n

t s d o n o t c o n

t r i b u t e

s i g n i f i c a n t l y t o ca n ce r o r c h

r o n i c n o n

- c a n c e r r i s k s f

o r t h e s o u r ce ca t e g o r y i n t h i s

r u l e m a k i ng b e ca

u s e m a l f u n c t i o n e v e n

t s a r e i n h e r e n

t l y s h o r t

- t e r m a n d i n f

r e qu e n t r e l a t i v e t o

a n n u a l o p e r a t i o n s a n d e mi ss i o n s . T h e c o mm e n t e r d i d n o t s upp l y a n y d a t a t o t h e c o n t r a r y

.

F u r t h e r m o r e

, t h e c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e s b u i l t i n t o t h e ac u t e r i s k a ss e s s m e n

t a r e

s u f f i c i e n t t o g a ug e w o r s t

- ca s e po t e n

t i a l a c u t e h e a l

t h e ff ec t s . T h e c o n s e r v a t i v e e s t im a t e s

b u i l t i n t o t h e a ss e ss m e n

t i n c l ud e w o r s t

- ca s e m e t e o r o l og y

, e mi s s i o n s a t t e n t im e s t h e

m a x i m u m p e a k e mi ss i o n r a t e f

r o m a ll p o i n

t s o u r ce s s im u l t a n e o u s l y

, a n d t h e s u mm a t i o n o f

t h e m a x im

u m i m p ac t o f ea c h e m i s s i o n s o u r ce

, r e g a r d l e s s o f r ece p t o r l o ca t i o n . T h u s

, e v e n i f113

w e w e r e t o c o n s i d e r e mi ss i o n s t h a t a r e i n v i o l a t i o n o f t h e s t a n d a r d

, w e d o n o t b e li e v e t h a t

t h e y w ou l d r e s u l

t i n a n y d i f f e r e n t l e v e l o f c o n

t r o l t h a n w e a r e p r o m

u l g a t i n g h e r e

.

C o m m e n t ( 246 ): C o mm e n t e r 98 n o t e d t h a

t t h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s un l a w f

u l a n d

un j u s t

, w o u l d c r ea t e a n e w un l a w f u l l oo p h o l e

, w o u l d h a v e h a r m f u l c o n s e qu e n c e s f

o r

c o mm u n i t i e s

, u n d e r m i n e s c i

t i z e n ’ s r i g h

t s

, a n d w i ll g r e a

t l y r e du ce t h e d e t e rr e n

t im p ac t o f t h e

s t a n d a r d s :

C o mm e n t e r s s upp o r

t E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d r e m o v a l o f t h e s t a r t

- up

, s h u t

- d o w n

, a n d

m a l f u n c t i o n e x e m

p t i o n

... H o w e v e r , E P A ’ s p r o p o s a l t o p r o m u l g a t e a n

“ a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e ” t o p e n a l

t i e s du e t o a m a l f

u n c t i o n w o u l d c r ea t e a n e w

un l a w f u l l oo p h o l e

. I t a l s o w o u l d h a v e h a r m f u l c o n s e qu e n c e s f

o r l o c a l

c o mm u n i t i e s a ff e c t e d b y s e c o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s

, a n d w i ll g r ea t l y r e du ce t h e

d e t e rr e n t im p ac t o f t h e p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d s

.

T h e s t a t u t e m a k e s c l ea r h o w t h e c o u r t s a r e t o a ss e s s c i v i l p e n a l t i e s

, w h e t h e r a ca s e

i s b r o ug h t b y E P A o r a c i

t i z e n

. 42 U

. S

. C

. § 741 3 ( e )

. C o n g r e ss p l a i n l y i n t e n d e d

c i t i z e n s t o b e a

b l e t o e n f o r ce e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s u n d e r t h e C A A u s i ng t h e f u l l

r a n g e o f c i v i l e n f

o r c e m e n t m ec h a n i s m s a v a i l a b l e t o t h e g o v e r n m e n t

, a n d

, i n t h e

H A P c o n t e x t

, s ub j ec t o n l y t o t h e l im i

t a t i o n t h a t g o v e r n m e n

t n o t b e “ d i l i g e n

t l y

p r o s ec u t i n g ” i t s o w n c i v i l e n f

o r c e m e n t a c t i o n

, C A A § 304 ( b )( 1 )( B )

, 42 U

. S

. C

. §

7604 ( b )( 1 )( B )

. E P A ’ s r u l e p r o p o s a l

, b y s h i f t i ng t h i s ca r e f

u l b a l a n ce a n d

c o n t r a v e n i ng t h e s e m a n d a t e s

, v i o l a t e s t h e C A A

.

T h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e t h a t t h e E P A p r o p o s e s t o a l l o w i n c a s e o f m a l f u n c t i o n s g o e s

d i r ec t l y a g a i n s t c o n g r e s s i o n a l i n t e n t i n t w o w a y s

. F i

r s t

, C o n g r e ss e x

p r e ss e d a c l ea r i n

t e n t a s t o

h o w j ud g e s s h ou l d d e t e r mi n e t h e s i ze o f c i v i l p e n a l t i e s w h e n e v e r t h e y a r e s o ug h t a n d t h u s

, u n d e r

C h ev r on

, U

. S

. A

. , I n c

. v

. N a t u r a l R e s

. D e f

. C oun c il

, I nc

. , 46 7 U

. S

. 83 7

, 84 2

- 43 ( 1984 )

, f l a t l y

b a rr e d t h e E P A f

r o m l im i t i ng w h e n c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s ca n b e a s s e s s e d

. I n t h i s p r o p o s a l

, t h e E P A ac t s

o u t s i d e o f i t s d e l e g a t e d a

u t h o r i t y t o l im i t c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s a v a i l a b l e i n c i

t i z e n s u i t s o r i t s o w n

e n f o r c e m e n t ac t i o n s

. S ec o n d

, t h e p r o p o s a l w i l l i m p e r mi ss i b l y c h il l c i t i z e n p a r t i c i p a t i o n

, a n d t h e

a b il i t y t o w i n a n e ff

e c t i v e

, d e t e r

r e n t r e m e d y

, i n C A A e n f

o r c e m e n t a c t i o n s

.114

T h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s f a t a ll y f l a w e d b eca

u s e t h e E P A d o e s n o t h a v e t h e a u t h o r i t y t o

d e c i d e w h e n c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s w i l l n o t b e a l l o w e d . T h e C A A i t s e l f s p e l l s o u

t t h e o n l y li m i

t s t h a t

C o n g r e ss i n

t e n d e d t o i m

p o s e o n c i

t i z e n s ’ a b il i

t y t o s ee k a n d r ec o v e r p e n a l t i e s i n e n f o r c e m e n t

s u i t s u n d e r C A A § 304

, 42 U

. S

. C

. § 7604

. S ee 42 U

. S

. C

. § 741 3 ( e )

. B y a t t e m p t i n g t o im

p o s e

a d d i t i o n a l a g e n c y

- c r ea t e d l im i t s

, t h e E P A e x c e e d s i

t s a u t h o r i t y . T h e c o mm e n

t e r g o e s o n t o s a y :

C o n g r e s s i o n a l i n

t e n t o n c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s i s c l ea r

— t h e y a r e a r e m e d y a v a il a b l e t o c i t i z e n

p l a i n t i f f s

, a n d j udg e s h a v e a li s t o f f a c t o r s t o c o n s i d e r i n a s s e ss i ng t h e m

. A s s u c h

,

E P A ca n n o t i n

t e r p r e t t h e s t a t u

t e t o c o n t r a v e n e t h a t i n

t e n t

. B y a tt e m

p t i n g t o e l im i n a t e

,

v i a r e g u l a t i o n s

, c i v i l p e n a l t i e s i n ca s e s o f m a l f

u n c t i o n w h e r e t h e v i o l a t o r

d e m o n s t r a

t e s t h a t ce r

t a i n f ac t o r s [ e x i s t ]

, E P A h a s d o n e j u s t t h a t

.

T h e C A A g r a n

t s E P A mi n im a l d i s c r e t i o n t h a t o n l y a p p li e s t o a d mi n i s t r a t i v e p e n a l t i e s

,

a l l o w i ng E P A t o “ c o m

p r o mi s e

, m od i f

y

, o r r e m i t

, w i t h o r w i t h o u t c o n d i t i o n s

, a n y

a d mi n i s t r a t i v e p e n a l

t y w h i c h m a y b e im

p o s e d u n d e r [ s ub s ec t i o n 113 ( d )]

. ” 4 2 U

. S

. C

.

§ 7413 ( d ) ( 2 )( B )

. H o w e v e r

, t h e r e i s n o s im i l a r g r a n t o f a u t h o r i t y t o E P A t o

c o m p r o mi s e

, m od i f

y o r l im i t c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s t h a t a c o u r

t m a y i m p o s e u n d e r s ec t i o n

113 ( e ) o r s ec t i o n 304

. S e c t i o n 304 ( a )

, 42 U

. S

. C

. § 7604 ( a )

, g r a n t s c o u r t s t h e s o l e

a u t h o r i t y “ t o a pp l y a pp r o p r i a t e c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s ” i n c i t i z e n s u i t s . T h e e x p li c i t r e f e r e n ce

t o E P A ’ s a b i l i

t y t o m od i f

y p e n a l t i e s i n o n e s u b s ec t i o n a n d i t s a b s e n ce i n t h e o t h e r

s ub s ec t i o n o f t h e s a m e p r o v i s i o n c a n o n l y b e u n d e r s t o o d a s a n i n t e n t i o n a l d e c i s i o n b y

C o n g r e ss t h a t E P A ca n n o t c o n t r a v e n e b y r u l e

.

I f a l o c a l c o mm

u n i t y g r o up s u e d a c o v e r e d f a c il i t y f o r a v i o l a t i o n o f t h e e mi ss i o n

s t a n d a r d s

, t h e o w n e r mi g h t a r gu e t h a t i

t i s e x e m p t f r o m p a y i ng c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s s o l o n g a s t h e

o w n e r s a t i s f

i e d t h e r e q u i

r e m e n t s s e t f o r t h i n t h e E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e r e g u l a t i o n s

.

S ee 76 F e d

. R e g

. a

t 29

, 061

- 6 2 ( p r o p o s i n g 40 C

. F

. R

. § 6 3

. 552 )

. T h e o w n e r m u s t n o t b e a

b l e t o

e v a d e c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s t h a t a pp l y w h e n t h e c o n g r e s s i o n a l l y m a nd a t e d f ac t o r s i n t h e s t a

t u t e a r e m e t

.

210 S ee 42 U

. S

. C

. § 741 3 ( e ) ( li s t i n g f ac t o r s )

. I t i s im

p r o p e r f o r a c o u r t t o f a i l t o c o n s i d e r t h e s e

f ac t o r s, o r t o f

a il t o m a k e i

t s o w n d e t e r mi n a t i o n o f w h a t c i v i l p e n a l t i e s a r e “ a

pp r o p r i a t e” u n d e r

C A A § 304 ( a )

, a n d t h e E P A s h ou l d n o t a s k a c o u r t t o i g n o r e i

t s l e g a l du t y

. A f

o r ti o r i i t i s

i m p e r mi ss i b l e f

o r t h e E P A t o a t t e m

p t t o d i s p l ace t h o s e f

ac t o r s o r i n a n y w a y a l

t e r t h e i r115

s i g n i f i c a n c e b y c r ea t i n g a b a r t o p e n a l t i e s i f ce r t a i n a g e n c y

- d e f

i n e d c o n s i d e r a t i o n s a r e m e t

i n s t ea d

.

C i t i z e n p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n C A A e n f o r c e m e n t a l s o w i l l b e h i nd e r e d

, i n v i o l a t i o n o f c i t i z e n s ’

r i g h t s t o p r o t ec t t h e m s e l v e s f

r o m p o ll u t i o n a n d i n d i

r ec t c o n f l i c t w i t h c o n g r e ss i o n a l i n

t e n t . T h e

a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e w ou l d li k e l y b e u s e d o n a r o u t i n e b a s i s b y p o l l

u t e r s s ee k i ng t o a v o i d

p e n a l t i e s

, j u s t a s t h e m a l f

u n c t i o n e x e m

p t i o n w a s

. A s a r e s u l

t

, c i t i z e n s w h o s ee k t h e a ss e ss m e n t o f

c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s a g a i n s t p o l l

u t e r s i n o r d e r t o p r o t ec t t h e m s e l v e s a n d a c h i e v e t h e A c t ’ s g o a l s m a y b e

f o r ce d t o e n g a g e i n f

ac t

- i n t e n s i v e d i s pu t e s o v e r t h e ca u s e o f e mi ss i o n v i o l a t i o n s a n d a d e qu ac y o f

r e s p o n s i v e m e a s u r e s

– a n o u t c o m e C o n g r e s s i n t e nd e d t o p r e v e n

t w i t h t h e s i m p l e s t r a i g h

t f o r w a r d

e n f o r c e m e n t a n d p e n a l

t y p r o v i s i o n s i n t h e C l e a n A i r A c t

. A s a r e s u l t

, e n f o r c e m e n t o f t h e A c t

c o u l d s u ff

e r

, f o r c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s p r o v i d e a p o w e r f

u l d e t e rr e n

t t o v i o l a t o r s a s C o n g r e ss i n t e n d e d

.

A s t h e S up r e m e C o u r t e x p l a i n e d : “ T o t h e e x t e n

t t h a t t h e y [ c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s ] e n c o u r a g e d e f

e n d a n t s

t o d i s c o n t i n u e c u rr e n t v i o l a t i o n s a n d d e t e r t h e m f r o m c o m m i t t i n g f u t u r e o n e s

, t h e y a f

f o r d r e d r e ss

t o c i t i ze n p l a i n

t i f f s w h o a r e i n

j u r e d o r t h

r ea t e n e d w i

t h i n j u r y a s a c o n s e qu e n ce o f o n g o i n g

un l a w f u l c o n d u c t

. ” F r i e nd s o f t h e E a r t h

, I

n c

. v

. L a i d l a w

E n v tl

. S e r

v s.

, 52 8 U

. S

. 16 7

, 18 6 ( 2000 )

.

T h u s

, t h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e a l s o r u n s c o u n

t e r t o t w o c l ea r l y e x

p r e ss e d i n

t e n t i o n s o f C o n g r e s s :

( 1 ) t h e b u r d e n i

t p l ac e s o n c i

t i z e n s m a k e s i

t l e s s li k e l y t h a t t h e y w i l l e n f o r ce t h e A c t

, s ee

, e

. g.

,

P e nn s y l v an i a v

. D e l

. V

a ll ey C iti z e n s ’ C

oun c il f o r C l e an A ir

, 47 8 U

. S

. 54 6

, 56 0 ( 198 6 ) ; a n d ( 2 )

s e v e r a l o f t h e f

ac t o r s a t i s s u e i n t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e u n d e r c u t C o n g r e ss ’ s i n t e n t t h a t c i t i z e n

s u i t e n f o r c e m e n t s h o u l d a v o i d r e

- d e l v i ng i n t o “ t e c h n o l og i c a l o r o t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n s

. ” N R D C v

.

T r a in

, 510 F

. 2 d 692

, 724 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 1974 )

. B o t h r e s u l

t f r o m t h e t ec h

n i ca l b u r d e n t h e E P A

i m p o s e s o n c i

t i z e n s w i t h t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e

, a n d b o t h r e n d e r t h e d e f e n s e i m p e r mi ss i b l e

.

I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s e p r o b l e m s

, t h e r e i s s i m p l y n o n ee d f

o r a n a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e t o

p e n a l t i e s t o b e w r i

tt e n i n t o t h e r e gu l a t i o n s a n d ca

u s e t h e h a r m t h a t w i l l r e s u l t . E P A h a s d i s c r e t i o n

t o d e c i d e w h a t ca s e s t o p r o s ec u t e

, t o c o n s i d e r s e tt l e m e n t s

, a n d t o r e qu e s t c i v il p e n a l t i e s i n a ca s eb y

- ca s e m a n n e r

, a s l o n g a s i t ac t s c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h t h e C l e a n A i

r A c t t o p r o t e c t c l e a n a i

r a s i t s t o p

p r i o r i t y

, s ee 42 U

. S

. C

. § 7 401

. P r o m u l g a t i n g t h i s a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s e q u i v a l e n

t t o g i v i ng

p o ll u t e r s “ g e t o u

t o f j a i l f r ee” ca r d s f

o r s e r i o u s e m i s s i o n e x cee d a n c e s a n d M A C T v i o l a t i o n s

.

P o ll u t e r s a r e li k e l y t o c l a i m t h a t a n y v i o l a t i o n o f t h e s t a n d a r d i s du e t o a m a l f u n c t i o n i n o r d e r t o

e v a d e t h e r e qu i

r e m e n t s

. A l l o w i n g p o ll u t e r s t o e v a d e f i n a n c i a l p e n a l

t i e s

– w h i c h a r e t h e r ea l t ee t h

o f t h e s t a n d a r d s

– t h

r o ug h t h i s t y

p e o f m e a s u r e i s l i k e l y t o l ea d t o p o ll u t e r s s im p l y i g n o r i n g o r

f ac t o r i n g p o t e n t i a l s t a n d a r d v i o l a t i o n s i n t o t h e i r c o s t o f d o i n g b u s i n e s s

, r a t h e r t h a n ac t u a l l y116

t r y i n g t o p r e v e n

t m a l f u n c t i o n s a n d v i o l a t i o n s o f t h e s t a n d a r d s a s a w a y t o a v o i d f i n a n c i a l l o s s e s

f r o m t h e a p p li c a t i o n o f p e n a l

t i e s

.

A ss u m i ng a r

gu e ndo t h a t t h e E P A h a d a u t h o r i t y t o p r o m

u l g a t e a n y t y

p e o f a f f i r m a t i v e

d e f e n s e t o p e n a l

t i e s f o r m a l f u n c t i o n s

, t h e E P A s h ou l d a l s o p r o m u l g a t e t h e f

o l l o w i ng p r o v i s i o n s :

1

. A s p e c i f

i c a m ou n t o f c o m p e n s a t o r y p e n a l

t i e s s h o u l d a

p p l y t o eac h r e p o r

t e d

m a l f u n c t i o n ( c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h t h e A c t )

. T h e s e f

u n d s s h ou l d b e d e d i ca t e d t o

e n f o r c e m e n t

, i n s p e c t i o n s

, a n d m o n i

t o r i n g i n t h e l o c a l c o mm

u n i t y a r o u n d t h e

s p e c i f i c f a c il i t y

, t o c r e a t e g r ea t e r a ss u r a n ce t h a t m a l f u n c t i o n s w i ll n o t h a

pp e n

a g a i n

.

2

. T h e E P A s h o u l d m od i f y t h e r e g u l a t i o n s s o t h a t t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e c a n n o t

b e u s e d b y a s p e c i f

i c f a c il i t y o r c o m p a n y m o r e t h a n o n ce w i

t h i n a s e t p e r i o d o f

t im e

, s u c h a s 10 y ea r s . T h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e s h o u l d b ec o m e a

u t o m a t i ca l l y

u n a v a i l a b l e t o a f

a c il i t y t h a t h a s p r e v i ou s l y h a d a m a l f u n c t i o n w i

t h i n t h e l a s t 10

y ea r s

, t o e n s u r e t h a t t h i s d e f e n s e d o e s n o t s w a l l o w t h e v a l u e o f t h e s t a n d a r d s

.

3

. T h e E P A s h o u l d p r o m u l g a t e s p e c i f

i c p u b l i c r e p o r

t i n g a n d n o t i f

i ca t i o n

r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r m a l f u n c t i o n s

, o r a n y e m i ss i o n e x cee d a n ce t h a t o cc u r s o f w h i c h

a n o p e r a t o r i s a w a r e

. S p e c i f i ca ll y

, t h e E P A

s h o u l d r e q u i

r e t h a t w h e n a f

a c il i t y

p r o v i d e s t h e E P A w i

t h a n o t i f i ca t i o n o f a m a l f

u n c t i o n o r e mi s s i o n s t a n d a r d

e x c ee d a n ce u n d e r t h e r e gu l a t i o n s

, t h i s n o t i ce w i l l b e m a d e pub l i c l y a v a i l a b l e o n

t h e E P A ’ s w e b s i

t e w i t h i n 14 d a y s

. I n a d d i

t i o n

, t h e E P A s h ou l d p r o m u l g a t e t h e

r e q u i r e m e n t t h a t w h e n s u c h n o t i f

i ca t i o n i s m a d e

, t h e f

a c i l i t y m u s t a l s o p r o v i d e f

o r

c o mm u n i t y n o t i f i ca t i o n o f t h e m a l f

u n c t i o n o r e mi s s i o n s t a n d a r d e x cee d a n ce

w i t h i n 2 b u s i n e ss d a y s

, t h

r o ug h a n a

pp r o p r i a t e pub l i c f

o r u m t h a t i s d e s i g n e d t o

r eac h r e s i d e n

t s w h o li v e n ea r t h e f

a c il i t y

, i n c l u d i ng b u t n o t l im i

t e d t o a n o t i c e o n

t h e f ac i l i t y ’ s o w n w e b s i

t e ( i f i t h a s o n e )

, a w r i

tt e n n o t i ce t o t h e l o c a l m

u n i c i p a l i t y

a n d l o c a l s c h oo l d i s t r i c t

, a p r e ss r e l e a s e t o t h e l o c a l n e w s p a p e r

, r a d i o

, a n d

T V

n e w s s t a t i o n t h a t c o n

t a i n s i n f o r m a t i o n c o mm

u n i t y m e m b e r s m a y n e e d t o p r o t e c t

t h e m s e l v e s a n d t h e i

r f a mil i e s f r o m t h e a d d i

t i o n a l a i r p o ll u t i o n

.117

C o mm e n t e r s u r g e t h e E P A n o t t o a d o p t a n a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e t h a t u n d e r mi n e s c i

t i z e n

r i g h t a n d r e m e d i e s u n d e r t h e C l e a n A i r A c t

. P e o p l e li v i ng n ea r s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t e r s a r e

e x p o s e d t o u n acce p t a

b l y h i g h l e v e l s o f h aza r d o u s a i r p o ll u t i o n t h a t n o o n e s h ou l d h a v e t o f ace

s im p l y b eca u s e o f w h e r e t h e y li v e

. A t t e m p t i n g t o t a k e a w a y a r i g h

t g r a n t e d t o c i t i z e n s b y

C o n g r e ss t h

r o ug h a n a g e n c y r e g u l a t i o n s e t s a d a n g e r o u s p r ece d e n t . T h e E P A s h ou l d w o r k t o

e x p a n d a n d p r o t e c t t h e a

b i l i t y o f p e op l e h a r m e d by a i r p o l l u t i o n t o s ee k a l l a

pp r o p r i a t e a n d

a v a i l a b l e f

o r m s o f r e li e f i n c o u r

t

. T h e E P A s h ou l d n o t r e t r a c t o r w ea k e n c i t i z e n r i g h t s a n d

r e m e d i e s

, a s t h i s p r o p o s a l d o e s

, b y m a k i ng i t m o r e d i ff

i c u l t f o r p e o p l e t o w i n m e a n i n g f u l r e li e f

f r o m f a c i l i t i e s t h a t h a v e r e l ea s e d t o x i c a i r p o ll u t i o n i n

t o t h e i r c o mm u n i t i e s f o r y ea r s

.

R e s p o n se : A s t h e E P A e x p l a i n e d i n t h e p r e a m

b l e t o t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e a n d i n t h e

r e s p o n s e t o c o mm e n

t d o c u m e n

t

, t h e E P A r ec o gn i z e s t h a t e v e n e q u i p m e n t t h a t i s p r o p e r l y

d e s i g n e d a n d m a i n

t a i n e d c a n f

a i l a n d t h a t s u c h f

a i l u r e ca n ca

u s e a n e x cee d a n ce o f t h e r e l e v a n t

e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d . T h e E P A i n c l ud e d a n a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i n t h e f

i n a l r u l e i n a n a t t e m

p t t o

b a l a n c e a t e n s i o n

, i n h e r e n t i n m a n y t y

p e s o f a i r r e gu l a t i o n

, t o e n s u r e a d e qu a t e c o m p li a n ce w h i l e

s im u l t a n e o u s l y r ec o gn i z i ng t h a t d e s p i t e t h e m o s t d il i g e n

t o f e f f o r t s

, e mi ss i o n l im i

t s m a y b e

e x c ee d e d u n d e r c i

r c u m s t a n c e s b e y o n d t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e s o u r ce

. T h e E P A m u s t e s t a b li s h

e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s t h a t “ l im i t t h e qu a n t i t y

, r a t e

, o r c o n ce n

t r a t i o n o f e mi ss i o n s o f a i

r p o ll u t a n t s

o n a c o n t i n u o u s b a s i s

. ” 42 U

. S

. C

. § 7602 ( k ) ( d e f i n i n g “ e m i ss i o n li m i

t a t i o n a n d e mi ss i o n

s t a n d a r d ” )

. S ee g e n e r a l l y S i e rr a C l u b v . E PA

, 551 F

. 3d 1019

, 102 1 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 2008 ) ( e mi ss i o n s

lim i t a t i o n s u n d e r C A A s e c t i o n 112 m u s t b o t h c o n

t i n u o u s l y a p p l y a n d m ee t s ec t i o n 112 ’ s

m i n i m u m s t r i n g e n c y r e q u i

r e m e n t s

, e v e n du r i n g p e r i o d s o f s t a r t u p

, s h u t d o w n a n d m a l f

u n c t i o n )

.

T h u s

, t h e E P A i s r e q u i

r e d t o e n s u r e t h a t s ec t i o n 112 e mi s s i o n s l im i t a t i o n s a r e c o n

t i n u o u s . T h e

a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e f o r m a l f u n c t i o n e v e n

t s m ee t s t h i s r e q u i

r e m e n t b y e n s u r i ng t h a t e v e n w h e r e

t h e r e i s a m a l f

u n c t i o n

, t h e e mi ss i o n l im i t a t i o n i s s t i l l e n f

o r ce a b l e t h

r o ug h i n j u n c t i v e r e li e f

. W h i l e

“ c o n t i n u o u s ” l im i

t a t i o n s

, o n t h e o n e h a n d

, a r e r e q u i r e d

, t h e r e i s a l s o ca s e l a w i n d i ca t i n g t h a t i n

m a n y s i t u a t i o n s i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e f

o r t h e E P A t o ac c o u n

t f o r t h e p r ac t i c a l r e a l i

t i e s o f t ec hn o l og y

.

F o r e x a m p l e

, i n E ss e x C h e m i c a l v

. R

u c k e l s h a u s

, 486 F

. 2d 427

, 433 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 1973 )

, t h e D

. C

.

C i r c u i t ac k n o w l e dg e d t h a t i n s e tt i n g s t a n d a r d s u n d e r C A A s ec t i o n 111 “ v a r i a n t p r o v i s i o n s ” s u c h

a s p r o v i s i o n s a l l o w i ng f

o r up s e t s d

u r i n g s t a r t u

p

, s h u t d o w n a n d e q u i

p m e n t m a l f u n c t i o n “ a

pp ea r

n e c e s s a r y t o p r e s e r v e t h e r ea s o n a b l e n e ss o f t h e s t a

n d a r d s a s a w h o l e a n d t h a t t h e r ec o r d d o e s n o t

s upp o r t t h e ‘ n e v e r t o b e e x cee d e d ’ s t a n d a r d c u rr e n t l y i n f o r ce

. ” S ee a l s o

, P o r

t l a n d C e m e n

t118

A ss o c i a t i o n v

. R

u c k e l s h a u s

, 486 F

. 2d 375 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 197 3)

. T h o ug h i n t e r v e n i ng ca s e l a w s u c h a s

S i e rr a C l u b v . E P A a n d t h e C A A 1977 a m e n d m e n t s u n d e r m i n e t h e r e l e v a n ce o f t h e s e ca s e s

t o d a y

, t h e y s upp o r t t h e E P A ’ s v i e w t h a t a s y s t e m t h a t i n c o r p o r a t e s s o m e l e v e l o f f

l e x i b il i t y i s

r ea s o n a b l e . T h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e s i m p l y p r o v i d e s f

o r a d e f e n s e t o c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s f o r e x c e ss

e mi ss i o n s t h a t a r e p r o v e n t o b e b e y o n d t h e c o n t r o l o f t h e s o u r ce

. B y i n c o r po r a t i n g a n a f f i r m a t i v e

d e f e n s e

, t h e E P A h a s f

o r m a li z e d i

t s a pp r o ac h t o u

p s e t e v e n t s

. I n a C l e a n W a t e r A c t s e t t i n g

, t h e

N i n t h C i r c u i t r e q u i r e d t h i s t y p e o f f o r m a li z e d a

pp r o ac h w h e n r e g u l a t i n g “ up s e t s b e y o n d t h e

c o n t r o l o f t h e p e r m i

t h o l d e r

. ” M a r a t h o n O i l C o

. v

. E PA

, 564 F

. 2d 125 3

, 127 2

- 73 (9 th C i r

. 1977 )

.

B u t s ee

, W e y e r h ae u s e r C o

. v

. C o s t le

, 590 F

. 2d 10 1 1

, 1057

- 5 8 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 1978 ) ( h o l d i ng t h a t a n

i n f o r m a l a pp r o ac h i s a d e qu a t e )

. T h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e p r o v i s i o n s g i v e t h e E P A t h e f l e x i b il i t y

t o b o t h e n s u r e t h a t i

t s e mi ss i o n l im i

t a t i o n s a r e “ c o n

t i n u o u s ” a s r e q u i

r e d b y 42 U

. S

. C

. § 760 2 ( k )

,

a n d acc o u n

t f o r u n p l a nn e d up s e t s a n d t h

u s s upp o r t t h e r ea s o n a b l e n e s s o f t h e s t a n d a r d a s a w h o l e

.

F u r t h e r

, t h e E P A ’ s v i e w i s t h a t t h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s n o t i

n c o n s i s t e n

t w i t h C A A

s ec t i o n 113 ( e ) o r 304

. S e c t i o n 304 g i v e s d i s t r i c t c ou r t ’ s j u r i s d i c t i o n “ t o a pp l y a pp r o p r i a t e c i v il

p e n a l t i e s

. ” S ec t i o n 113 ( e )( 1 ) i d e n t i f i e s t h e f ac t o r s t h a t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r o r a c o u r t s h a l l t a k e i n

t o

c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n d e t e r mi n i ng t h e a m o u n t o f a p e n a l t y t o b e a ss e s s e d

, o n ce i t h a s b e e n d e t e r mi n e d

t h a t a p e n a l

t y i s a pp r o p r i a t e . T h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e r e g u l a t o r y p r o v i s i o n i s n o t r e l e v a n t t o t h e

a m o u n t o f a n y p e n a l

t y t o b e a ss e ss e d

. I f a c o u r t d e t e r mi n e s t h a t t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e e l e m e n

t s

h a v e b e e n e s t a

b l i s h e d

, t h e n a p e n a l

t y i s n o t a pp r o p r i a t e a n d p e n a l

t y a s s e ss m e n

t pu r s u a n t t o t h e

s ec t i o n 113 ( e )( 1 ) f

ac t o r s d o e s n o t o cc u r

.

I n e x e r c i s i ng i

t s a u t h o r i t y u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 t o e s t a b l i s h e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d s ( a t a l e v e l

t h a t m ee t s t h e s t r i n g e n c y r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s ec t i o n 1 12 )

, t h e E P A n ece s s a r i l y d e f i n e s c o n du c t t h a t

c o n s t i t u t e s a v i o l a t i o n . T h e E P A v i e w i s t h a t t h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s p a r t o f t h e e mi ss i o n

s t a n d a r d a n d d e f

i n e s t w o c a

t e g o r i e s o f v i o l a t i o n

. I f t h e r e i s a v i o l a t i o n o f t h e e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d

a n d t h e s o u r ce d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t a l l t h e e l e m e n

t s o f t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e a r e m e t

, o n l y

i n j u n c t i v e r e li e f i s a v a il a b l e

. A l l o t h e r v i o l a t i o n s o f t h e e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d a r e s ub j ec t t o

i n j u n c t i v e r e li e f a n d p e n a l

t i e s . T h e C A A d o e s n o t r e q u i r e t h a t a l l v i o l a t i o n s b e t r ea t e d e qu a l l y

.

F u r t h e r

, a c i

t i z e n s u i t c l a im u n d e r s ec t i o n 304 a l l o w s c i t i z e n s t o c o mm e n ce a c i v i l ac t i o n a g a i n s t

a n y p e r s o n a ll e g e d t o b e i n v i o l a t i o n o f “ a n e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d o r l im i t a t i o n u n d e r t h i s c h a

p t e r

. ”

T h e C A A

, h o w e v e r

, a l l o w s t h e E P A t o e s t a b li s h s u c h “ e n f

o r ce a b l e e mi ss i o n l i m i

t a t i o n s

. ” T h

u s

,119

t h e c i t i z e n s u i t p r o v i s i o n c l ea r l y c o n

t e m p l a t e s e n f o r c e m e n t o f t h e s t a n d a r d s t h a t a r e d e f i n e d b y

t h e E P A

. A s a r e s u l

t

, w h e r e t h e E P A d e f

i n e s i t s e m i ss i o n s l im i

t a t i o n s a n d e n f

o r c e m e n t m e a s u r e s

t o a l l o w a s o u r ce t h e o p p o r t un i t y t o p r o v e i

t s e n t i t l e m e n t t o a l e s s e r d e g r ee o f v i o l a t i o n ( n o t

s ub j e c t t o p e n a l

t i e s ) i n n a rr o w

, s p e c i f

i e d c i r c u m s t a n c e s

, a s t h e E P A d i d h e r e

, p e n a l t i e s a r e n o t

“ a pp r o p r i a t e” u n d e r s ec t i o n 304

.

T h e E P A ’ s v i e w i s t h a t a n a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e t o c i v i l p e n a l

t i e s f o r e x cee d a n c e s o f

a p p li c a b l e e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d s du r i n g p e r i o d s o f m a l f u n c t i o n a pp r o p r i a t e l y b a l a n ce s c o m p e t i n g

c o n ce r n s

. O n t h e o n e h a n d

, c i t i z e n e n f o r ce r s a r e c o n ce r n e d a b o u t a dd i t i o n a l c o m

p l i ca t i o n s i n

t h e i r e n f o r c e m e n t ac t i o n s

. O n t h e o t h e r h a n d

, i n d u s t r i a l s o u r ce s a r e c o n ce r n e d a b o u t b e i n g

p e n a l i z e d f

o r v i o l a t i o n s ca

u s e d b y m a l f

u n c t i o n s t h a t c o u l d n o t h a v e p r e v e n t e d a n d w e r e

o t h e r w i s e a

pp r o p r i a t e l y h a n d l e d ( a s r e f l ec t e d i n t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e c r i t e r i a ) . T h e E P A h a s

u t i l i ze d i t s S ec t i o n 301 ( a )( 1 ) a

u t h o r i t y t o i ss u e r e gu l a t i o n s n ec e ss a r y t o ca rr y o u t t h e A c t i n a

m a n n e r t h a t a

pp r o p r i a t e l y b a l a n c e s t h e s e c o m p e t i ng c o n ce r n s

.

T h e E P A d i s a g r ee s t h a t t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e p r ov i s i o n w i ll h a m

p e r c i t i ze n

e n f o r c e m e n t

. F i r s t

, i n j u n c t i v e r e l i e f i s s t i l l a v a il a b l e a n d t h e t h r ea t o f p e n a l

t i e s w ou l d n o t d e t e r

v i o l a t i o n s i n c a s e s w h e r e a l l o f t h e c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e h a v e b ee n s a t i s f

i e d

b e c a u s e t h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e c r i t e r i a e n s u r e t h a t a l l r ea s o n a b l e s t e p s w e r e t a k e n t o p r e v e n t a

m a l f u n c t i o n t h a t ca

u s e s e x c e ss e mi ss i o n s

. F u r t h e r

, l i t i g a t i n g w h e t h e r a s o u r ce h a s m e t t h e

a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e w i ll n o t b u r d e n c i

t i z e n g r o up a

n y m o r e o r l e s s t h a n w ou l d l i t i g a t i n g t h e

a pp r o p r i a t e p e n a l

t y a m ou n t i n t h e p e n a l

t y a s s e s s m e n

t s t a g e o f a c i

t i z e n s u i t e n f o r c e m e n t ac t i o n

,

b e c a u s e t h e 113 ( e ) p e n a l

t y a ss e s s m e n

t c r i t e r i a a n d t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e c r i t e r i a a r e s i mi l a r a n d

i n f ac t o v e r l a p

. F o r e x a m

p l e

, t h e r e qu i

r e m e n t t h a t t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r o r t h e c o u r t c o n s i d e r “ g oo d

f a i t h e f f o r t s t o c o m

p l y ” i s b o u n d t o g e n e r a t e t h e t y p e o f f ac t

- i n t e n s i v e d i s pu t e s t h a t t h e

c o mm e n t e r c o m p l a i n s o f

. I n a d d i t i o n

, s e v e r a l o f t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e c r i t e r i a a r e e x a c t l y t h e

t y p e o f c r i t e r i a t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r o r C o u r t mi g h t c o n s i d e r i n d e t e r mi n i ng w h e t h e r a s o u r ce m a d e

“ g oo d f a i t h e f f o r t s t o c o m

p l y

. ” F o r e x a m

p l e

, t o t a k e a d v a n

t a g e o f t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e

, t h e

s o u r ce m u s t p r o v e b y a p r e p o n d e r a n ce o f t h e e v i d e n ce t h a t

, a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s

, t h e e x ce s s

e mi ss i o n s “ w e r e ca

u s e d b y a n u n a v o i d a b l e f a i l u r e o f a i

r p o ll u t i o n c o n

t r o l a n d m o n i

t o r i n g

e q u i p m e n t

, p r o ce ss e q u i

p m e n t

, o r a p r o ce ss t o o p e r a t e i n a n o r m a l o r u s u a l m a n n e r ” a n d “ c ou l d

n o t h a v e b ee n p r e v e n

t e d t h r o ug h ca r e f

u l p l a nn i ng

, p r o p e r d e s i g n o r b e t t e r o p e r a t i o n a n d120

m a i n t e n a n c e p r ac t i c e s ” a n d “ d i d n o t s t e m f r o m a n y ac t i v i

t y o r e v e n t t h a t c o u l d h a v e b e e n

f o r e s e e n a n d a v o i d e d

, o r p l a n n e d f o r

. ”

T h u s

, t h e E P A d o e s n o t e x

p ec t t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e p r o v i s i o n t o s i g n i f

i c a n t l y a l t e r t h e

b u r d e n o f b r i n g i ng a c i

t i z e n e n f o r c e m e n t a c t i o n

. F o r t h o s e ca s e s t h a t d o p r o cee d t o t r i a l

, e v e n i n

t h e a b s e n ce o f t h i s a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e

, s o u r ce s g e n e r a ll y r a i s e e q u i t a b l e a r g u m e n

t s t o a r gu e f

o r a

l o w p e n a l t y a n d c i t i z e n s o f t e n r e b u t s u c h a r g u m e n

t s . T h e r e f o r e

, a s a p r a c t i c a l m a tt e r

, t h e E P A

d o e s n o t e x

p ec t t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e p r o v i s i o n t o m a t e r i a ll y a ff e c t t h e p r a c t i c e o f C A A

e n f o r c e m e n t

.

A d d i t i o n a ll y

, t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s r ea s o n a b l e . T h e E P A ’ s j ud g m e n t i s t h a t t h e

a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e c r i t e r i a ca p t u r e t h e a

pp r o p r i a t e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s i n d e t e r mi n i ng w h e t h e r

p e n a l t i e s a r e a pp r o p r i a t e w h e n a v i o l a t i o n o cc u r s a s t h e r e s u l t o f a m a l f

u n c t i o n

. A s n o t e d a

b o v e

,

t h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e c r i t e r i a o v e r l a

p t o s o m e e x t e n

t w i t h t h e p e n a l

t y a ss e s s m e n

t c r i t e r i a s e t

f o r t h i n s ec t i o n 113 ( e )

, b u t a r e n o t i d e n t i c a l

. F o r e x a m

p l e , s i ze o f b u s i n e s s i s o n e o f t h e f ac t o r s

l i s t e d i n s ec t i o n 113 ( e )

, b u t i s n o t r e f l ec t e d i n t h e E P A ’ s a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e . T h i s r e f

l ec t s t h e

E P A ’ s v i e w t h a t w h e n a v i o l a t i o n i s ca u s e d b y a m a l f

u n c t i o n

, t h e s i ze o f t h e b u s i n e s s i s n o t

r e l e v a n t t o w h e t h e r p e n a l

t i e s s h ou l d b e e x c u s e d

. I f t h e v i o l a t i o n w a s u n a v o i d a b l e a n d c o u l d n o t

h a v e b e e n p r e v e n

t e d

, t h e E P A ’ s v i e w i s t h a t i t w o u l d b e un f

a i r t o im p o s e a p e n a l

t y n o m a tt e r t h e

s i ze o f t h e b u s i n e ss

.

T h e E P A i s n o t a d o p t i

n g c o mm e n

t e r s ’ s ugg e s t i o n w i

t h r e s p ec t t o c o m

p e n s a t o r y d a m a g e s

o r l im i t s o n t h e f r e qu e n c y o f u s e o f t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e

. I t i s n o t c l ea r t h a t t h e E P A h a s

a u t h o r i t y t o r e qu i

r e t h e a u t o m a t i c im

p o s i t i o n o f c o m

p e n s a t o r y d a m a g e s a n d e v e n i f s u c h

a u t h o r i t y e x i s t s

, t h e E P A d o e s n o t t h i n k a u t o m a t i c i m

p o s i t i o n o f d a m a g e s i s a

pp r o p r i a t e

.

E n s u r i ng t h a t m a l f

u n c t i o n s d o n o t r ec u r ca n b e h a n d l e d t h r o ug h im p o s i t i o n o f a pp r o p r i a t e

i n j u n c t i v e r e li e f

. I n a d d i t i o n

, t h e E P A ’ s v i e w i s t h a t i t w o u l d n o t b e a

pp r o p r i a t e t o li m i

t a

s o u r ce ’ s a b il i t y t o t a k e a d v a n

t a g e o f t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e t o o n e t im e o v e r a s p e c i f i e d p e r i o d

o f t im e s u c h a s t e n y ea r s g i v e n t h a t t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s o n l y a v a i l a b l e w h e n t h e s o u r ce

c o u l d n o t h a v e p r e v e n

t e d t h e e x c e ss e m i ss i o n s

. W i t h r e s p ec t t o c o mm e n t e r s ’ s ugg e s t e d r e po r

t i n g

r e q u i r e m e n t s

, t h e r e p o r

t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s i n t h e r u l e s p r o m

u l g a t e d t o d a y a l r ea d y r e q u i r e

m a l f u n c t i o n r e p o r

t i n g a n d t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e p r o v i s i o n s r e q u i

r e t h a t p a r

t i e s c h oo s i n g t o121

a ss e r t t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e m ee t a dd i

t i o n a l m a l f

u n c t i o n r e p o r

t i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s

. A n y s u c h

r e po r t s s ub m i tt e d t o t h e E P A a r e pub li c l y a v a i l a b l e pu r s u a n t t o C AA s ec t i o n 114

.

C o m m e n t ( 248 ): C o mm e n t e r 111 s t a

t e d t h a t t h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e p r o v i s i o n s d o n o t

c u r e t h e E P A ’ s f

a i l u r e t o s e t e mi s s i o n s t a n d a r d s t h a t a r e ac h i e v a b l e du r i n g SS M e v e n t s a n d a r e

n o t a s ub s t i

t u t e f o r s e t t i n g e m i ss i o n s s t a n d a r d s f

o r t h e s e p e r i o d s . T h e c o mm e n t e r f u r t h e r s t a t e

t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d s t a n d a r d s w i t h t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e d o n o t r e p r e s e n

t e mi s s i o n l i m i

t a t i o n s

ac h i e v e d b y t h e b e s t

- p e r f o r mi ng e x i s t i n g s o u r ce s

, n o r d o t h e y m ee t t h e c r i t e r i a f o r e s t a b li s h i ng

b e y o n d

- t h e

- f l oo r e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s a n d t h a t t h e a f f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s n o t a p e r mi ss i b l e

s ub s t i t u t e f o r s e t t i n g s t a n d a r d s f

o r p e r i o d s o f m a l f

u n c t i o n a n d i s i n s u f

f i c i e n t t o m ee t t h e E P A ’ s

o b li g a t i o n s u n d e r C A A §112

. C o mm e n t e r 87 r e q u e s t s t h e E P A s e t a s i d e t h e p r o p o s e d

a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e f o r p e r i o d s o f m a l f

u n c t i o n a n d e s t a

b li s h a w o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d f o r t h e s e

p e r i o d s

.

R e s po n s e: T h e a f

f i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e a p p li e s t o m a l f

u n c t i o n e v e n

t s a n d n o t t o p e r i o d s o f

s t a r t up a n d s h

u t d o w n

. T h e a ff

i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s no t i n

t e n d e d a s a s ub s t i

t u t e f o r s t a n d a r d s u n d e r

s ec t i o n 112

– t h e a

p p li c a b l e s t a n d a r d a

p p li e s du r i ng m a l f

u n c t i o n s

, b u t a s o u r ce m a y a ss e r t a n

a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i n a n e n f

o r c e m e n t a c t i o n f o r p e n a l t i e s f o r e mi ss i o n s i n e x c e s s o f t h e

s t a n d a r d . E l s e w h e r e i n t h i s d o c u m e n t

, w e a dd r e ss t h e c o mm e n t e r ’ s c o n ce r n r e g a r d i n g w h e t h e r

t h e E P A h a s m e t i

t s o b li g a t i o n u n d e r s ec t i o n 112 i n a dd r e s s i ng e m i ss i o n s du r i n g s t a r t u p a n d

s h u t d o w n

.

C o m m e n t ( 201

, 103 ): C o mm e n t e r 96 a n d 90 a dv i s e d t h a t t h e E P A s h o u l d p r o m u l g a t e

w o r k p r a c t i ce s t a n d a r d s f o r e mi ss i o n s du r i n g s t a r t u p s

, s h u t d o w n s a n d m a l f

u n c t i o n s

, r a

t h e r t h a n

r e q u i r i n g c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h t h e p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n s s t a n d a r d s du r i n g t h e s e e v e n t s

. T h e E P A h a s

n o t d e m o n s t r a t e d t h a t t h e b e s t

- p e r f o r mi ng u n i

t s c a n a c h i e v e t h e p r o p o s e d M A C T e mi ss i o n

s t a n d a r d s du r i n g SS M e v e n t s . T h e c o m

m e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t “ t h e u n

p r e d i c t a b il i t y a n d v a r i a b i l i

t y o f

e mi ss i o n s du r i n g SS M e v e n t s m a k e s m ea s u r i ng t h e i

r e mi ss i o n s i n f

e a s i b l e u s i ng c u rr e n

t

m e a s u r e m e n

t m e t h o d s

... ” C o mm e n

t e r 90 s ugg e s t e d t h a t t h e s t a n d a r d s s h ou l d r e q u i r e t h e

d e v e l op m e n

t a n d im p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a n e mi ss i o n s m i n i mi z a t i o n p l a n t h a t w o u l d b e a d yn a m i c

d o c u m e n t m a i n t a i n e d a t t h e f

a c il i t y

.122

R e s p o n s e : W o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d s h a v e b e e n i n c l ud e d i n t h e f i n a l r u l e f o r s t a r t u p a n d

s h u t d o w n p e r i o d s w h e r e a f a c il i t y w il l n o t b e a

b l e t o d e m o n s t r a t e c o m

p l i a n c e w i

t h t h e D / F a n d

T H C l im i t s b a s e d p e r f

o r m a n ce t e s t i n g du r i n g t h e s e p e r i o d s

. S ee s ec t i o n III

. A

. 3 o f t h e f i n a l r u l e

p r e a m b l e f o r a d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e s e w o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d s a n d t h e im p r ac t i c a l i t y o f p e r f o r m a n ce

t e s t i n g f o r T H C a n d D / F du r i n g p e r i o d s o f s t a r t u p a n d s h u t d o w n

. N o e x e m

p t i o n f o r s t a r t up

p e r i o d s w a s r e qu e s t e d o r d e t e r mi n e d t o b e n ec e ss a r y f o r t h e l ea d e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d

.

C o m m e n t ( 103 ): C o mm e n t e r 90 p r o v i d e d a d d i

t i o n a l s upp o r t f

o r i n c o r po r a t i n g w o r k

p r ac t i ce s t a n d a r d s f

o r p e r i o d s o f SS M

. A cc o r d i n g t o t h e c o mm e n t e r :

E P A c l a i m s t h a t i

t s a pp r o ac h t o SS M i s r e q u i

r e d b y S i e rr a C l u b v . E PA

, 551 F

. 3 d

1019 ( D

. C

. C i

r

. 2008 )

, ce r

t

. d e n i e d

, 2010 U

. S

. LE X I S 2265 ( 2010 )

. I n t h i s

d e c i s i o n

, t h e D

. C

. C i

r c u i t v aca t e d t h e e x e m

p t i o n i n 40 C

. F

. R

. § 6 3

. 6 ( f )( 1 ) a n d

( h )( 1 ) f o r S S M p e r i o d s

, a n d i n li g h t o f t h i s d e c i s i o n , E P A p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n s

s t a n d a r d s i n t h e R T R P r o p o s e d R u l e t h a t a pp l y a t a l l t im e s

, i n c l u d i n g p e r i o d s o f

SS M

. 76 F e d

. R e g

. a

t 2 9

, 072

.

W h e n s e t t i n g s t a n d a r d s i n t h e ea r l y 199 0 ’ s u n d e r C A A § 112 ( d )

, E P A u s e d i t s

N e w S o u r ce P e r f o r m a n c e S t a n d a r d s ( N SPS ) p r o g r a m a s a m o d e l . T h e § 112

s t a n d a r d s w e r e ac kn o w l e d g e d b y E P A t o b e " e ss e n t i a ll y e q u i v a l e n t t o [ § 111 ]

p e r f o r m a n c e s t a n d a r d s" a n d t h a t " u n p r e d i c t e d a n d r ea s o n a b l y u n a v o i d a b l e f a il u r e s

o f a i r p o ll u t i o n c o n

t r o l s y s t e m s" w ou l d o cc u r

. 58 F e d

. R e g

. a t 42

, 76 2

, 4 2

, 777

( A ug

. 11

, 199 3 )

. T o a dd r e ss t h i s s i t u a t i o n , E P A a d o p t e d a n e x e m p t i o n s imi l a r t o

t h e o n e i n t h e N SPS P r o g r a m f o r SS M e v e n

t s a n d im p o s e d a " g e n e r a l du t y " t o

m i n i mi z e e mi ss i o n s . T h

u s , E P A ac kn o w l e dg e d

, a s ea r l y a s 1993

, t h a t SS M e v e n t s

a r e n o t a pp r o p r i a t e f

o r i n c l u s i o n i n a

M A C T s t a n d a r d a n d t h a t a n a l t e r n a t i v e

a pp r o ac h s h ou l d b e u s e d t o a dd r e ss t h e s e s i t u a t i o n s

. W h il e t h e D

. C

. C i r c u i t i n t h e

S i e rr a C l u b v s . E P A ca s e r u l e d t h a t s o u r ce s ca n n o t b e e x e m

p t f r o m c o m p l y i ng

w i t h M A C T s t a n d a r d s

, t h e c o u r t n o t e d t h a t C o n g r e ss r ec o gn i ze d i n s o m e

i n s t a n ce s t h a t i

t m a y n o t b e f

e a s i b l e t o p r e s c r i b e o r e n f o r ce a n e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d

u n d e r § 112

, a n d s o § 112 ( h ) " w o r k p r a c t i c e s" o r " o p e r a t i o n a l " s t a n d a r d s a r e

a v a i l a b l e i n c e r t a i n

s i t u a t i o n s

. S ee S i e rr a C l

u b v

. E PA

, 551 F

. 3d a

t 102 8

.123

T h e D

. C

. C i

r c u i t a l s o h a s r ec o gn i ze d t h a t s t a n d a r d s b a s e d o n w h a t s o u r ce s

ac h i e v e m

u s t acc o u n

t f o r t h e l im i

t a t i o n s i nh e r e n

t i n t h e t ec hn o l og y u s e d t o r e du ce

e mi ss i o n s

. F o r e x a m

p l e

, i n a ca s e r e v i e w i ng N SPS u n d e r § 111 o f t h e C A A

,

P o r t l a n d C e m e n

t A ss ’ n v

. R

u c k e l s h a us

, 486 F

. 2d 3 75

, 39 8 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 1973 )

, t h e

c o u r t ac kn o w l e dg e d t h a t " ' s t a r t

- up ' a n d ' up s e t ' c o n d i

t i o n s du e t o p l a n

t o r e mi ss i o n

d e v i ce m a l f

u n c t i o n

, i s a n i n e s ca

p a b l e a s p ec t o f i n d u s t r i a l li f e a n d t h a t a l l o w a n ce

m u s t b e m a d e f

o r s u c h f ac t o r s i n t h e s t a n d a r d s t h a t a r e p r o m u l g a t e d

. " I d

.

F u r t h e r m o r e

, i n N a t i o n a l

L i m e A ss ’ n v . E PA

, 627 F

. 2d 416 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 1980 )

, t h e

c o u r t n o t e d t h a t " a un i f

o r m s t a n d a r d m

u s t b e ca p a b l e o f b e i ng m e t u n d e r m o s t

a d v e r s e c o n d i

t i o n s w h i c h c a n r ea s o n a b l y b e e x p ec t e d t o r ec u r

. " Id

. a

t 431 n

. 46

.

T h e D

. C

. C i

r c u i t ac k n o w l e dg e d t h i s s a m e p r i n c i p l e a l m o s t 20 y ea r s l a t e r w h e n

r e v i e w i ng e mi ss i o n s t a n d a r d s f o r n e w s o u r ce s i n t h e m e d i c a l w a s t e i n c i n e r a t o r

r u l e u n d e r § 129 i n S i e rr a C l u b v . E PA

, 167 F

. 3d 6 58 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 1999 )

. I n t h a t

ca s e

, w h i l e t h e c o u r

t d i d n o t f i nd t h e r ec o r d s u f

f i c i e n t t o s up p o r

t E P A ’ s a pp r o ac h

f o r n e w s o u r ce s

, t h e D

. C

. C i r c u i t d i d n o t o b

j ec t t o a s t a n d a r d

- s e t t i n g a pp r o ac h

w h i c h w ou l d acc o u n

t f o r t h e p e r f

o r m a n ce o f t ec hn o l og y u n d e r t h e " w o r s t

r ea s o n a b l y f

o r e s e ea b l e c i

r c u m s t a n ce s

. " S ee i d

. a t 6 65

. F u r t h e r m o r e

, t h e D

. C

.

C i r c u i t r e i t e r a t e d t h e p r i n c i p l e i n N a t i o n a l L i m e t h a t " w h e r e a s t a t u t e r e qu i r e s t h a t

a s t a n d a r d b e ' ac h i e v a b l e

, ' i t m u s t b e ac h i e v a b l e ' u n d e r t h e m o s t a d v e r s e

c i r c u m s t a n ce s w h i c h c a n r ea s o n a b l y b e e x p ec t e d t o r ec u r

. ' " I d

. a

t 665 ( c i t i n g

N a t i o n a l L i m e A s s ’ n v . E PA

, 627 F

. 2d 416

, 431 n

. 46 ( D

. C

. C i r

. 1980 ))

. E P A h a s

d e t e r mi n e d t h a t C AA

s ec t i o n 112 d o e s n o t r e qu i r e t h a t e mi s s i o n s t h a t o cc u r

du r i n g p e r i o d s o f m a l f

u n c t i o n b e f

a c t o r e d i n t o d e v e l op m e n

t o f C A A s e c t i o n 112

s t a n d a r d s

. " 76 F e d

. R e g

. a t 2 9

, 061

. C o n s i d e r i ng t h a t E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d M A C T

s t a n d a r d s a r e s upp o s e d t o a pp l y a t a l l t im e s

, t h e i m p li ca t i o n i s t h a t p e r i o d s o f

m a l f u n c t i o n a l s o a r e c o v e r e d b y t h e M A C T s t a n d a r d s t h a t a pp l y du r i n g n o r m a l

o p e r a t i o n s . T h i s a

pp r o ac h d i

r ec t l y c o n f

l i c t s w i t h t h e s t a t u t o r y r e q u i r e m e n t t h a t t h e

M A C T s t a n d a r d b e " a c h i e v a b l e

. " E P A h a s f a i l e d t o r ec o g n i ze w h a t C o n g r e ss

ac kn o w l e dg e d i n e n ac t i n g §112 : t h a t i t i s li k e l y t h a t e v e n b e s t p e r f o r m e r s w i l l

e x p e r i e n ce m a l f

u n c t i o n s

. I t i s p o s s i b l e f

o r p o ll u t i o n c o n

t r o l e q u i p m e n

t t o f a il i n

v a r i o u s w a y s

. P o w e r f

a il u r e s d o o cc u r

, f

a b r i c f i l t e r s f a i l

, s c r u b b e r p u m

p s f a i l e v e n

a t b e s t p e r f

o r m e r s a n d d e s p i

t e t h e b e s t e f

f o r t s o f c o m

p a n i e s t o p r e v e n

t a n d124

m i n i mi z e s u c h e v e n

t s

. I n du s t r y c a n a n d d o e s w o r k t o mi n im i ze s u c h p e r i o d s

, b u t

t h e y d o o cc u r

. F u r

t h e r

, m a n u f ac t u r e r s o f s u c h e q u i p m e n t r o u t i n e l y m a k e e mi ss i o n

gu a r a n t ee s f o r n o r m a l o p e r a t i o n s a n d a l t h o ug h t h e y s o m e t im e s o v e r s i ze

e q u i p m e n t t o ac c o u n

t f o r s o m e o f t h e v a r i a b il i

t y d e s c r i b e d a

b o v e

, i t i s v e r y

d o ub t f u l t h a t v e n d o r s w o u l d p r o v i d e s u f f i c i e n t n u m e r i c a l g u a r a n

t ee s f o r

e q u i p m e n t u n d e r s u c h

s i t u a t i o n s

. G i v e n t h a t t h e M A C T f l oo r d a t a d o e s n o t

c o n s i d e r m a l f

u n c t i o n s a n d t h a t t h e s t a t u t e r e qu i r e s t h a t t h e M A C T s t a n d a r d b e

" a c h i e v a b l e

, " E P A

s h ou l d

, i f i

t i s d e t e r mi n e d t h a t i t i s a pp r o p r i a t e t o a m e n d t h e

M A C T a t a l l

, s e t w o r k p r ac t i ce r e q u i r e m e n t s t o a d d r e ss p e r i o d s o f m a l f u n c t i o n s

a s w e ll

.

R e s po n se : W e h a v e i n c l ud e d w o r k p r a c t i c e s t a n d a r d s f o r p e r i o d s o f s t a r

t up a n d s h

u t d o w n

f o r T H C a n d D / F

. W i

t h r e s p ec t t o s t a n d a r d s f

o r l e a d , E P A b e li e v e s t h a t t h e s t a n d a r d s t h a t

o t h e r w i s e a

p p l y a r e a l s o a

pp r o p r i a t e f

o r s t a r t u p a nd s h u t d o w n b eca

u s e t h e b a g l e a k d e t e c t i o n

s y s t e m s u s e d t o d e t e r mi n e c o m p l i a n ce w i

t h t h e e m i ss i o n s t a n d a r d f o r l ea d o p e r a

t e s p r o p e r l y

du r i n g t h e s e p e r i o d s

. W i t h r e s p ec t t o m a l f

u n c t i o n s, w e d o n o t f

i n d i t a pp r o p r i a t e t o m a k e a

b l a n k e t d e t e r mi n a t i o n t h a t w o r k p r a c t i c e s s h ou l d b e a p p li e d f o r p e r i o d s o f m a l f

u n c t i o n s ( w h i c h

do n o t a l w a y s c a u s e s i t u a t i o n s t h a t w i l l s a t i s f

y t h e c r i t e r i a o f s ec t i o n 112 ( h ) r e g a r d i n g t ec h n i ca l

a n d ec o n o mi c p r ac t i ca l i

t y o f m e a s u r i n g e m i ss i o n s )

. W e h a v e i n c l ud e d a n a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e f o r

m a l f u n c t i o n s i n t h e f

i n a l r u l e t h a t a dd r e ss e s s i

t u a t i o n s t h a t a r e b e y

o n d t h e c o n

t r o l o f t h e o w n e r o r

o p e r a t o r

, r e f l ec t i n g t h e ca s e l a w i n t h i s a r ea

, a s s t a t e d i n r e s p o n s e a t p a g e s 117

- 121 o f t h i s

d o c u m e n t

.

C o m m e n t ( 109) : C o m

m e n t e r 90 s t a t e d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s b a s i s o f c o s t f o r im p l e m e n t a t i o n

o f t h e a ff i r m a t i v e d e f

e n s e i s n o t s up p o r

t e d

, a n d i n t h e i r e s t im a t e i s s i g n i f i c a n t l y l e s s t h a n w h a t

w o u l d b e e x

p ec t e d

. T h e E P A ’ s e s t im a t e o f t h e n u m b e r o f o cc u rr e n ce s p e r y ea r o f 2

- 3 s e e m s l o w

a s w e ll

.

R e s p o n se : W e b e li e v e t h a t t h e c o s t e s t im a t e f o r im p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e a ff

i r m a t i v e

d e f e n s e i s r ea s o n a b l e . T h e c o mm e n t e r p r o v i d e d no s p e c i f

i c d a t a t o s up p o r

t t h e i r c l a i m s

.125

3 .8 R e qu e s t f

o r C o m m e n t P e r i o d E x t e n s i o n

C o m m e n t: S e v e r a l c o mm e n t e r s r e qu e s t e d m o r e t im e t o r e v i e w t h e p r o p o s e d p ac k a g e

.

T h r ee c o mm e n

t e r s ( 70

. 1

, 7 2

, 73 ) r e qu e s t e d a 6 0 d a y e x t e n s i o n

, o n e c o mm e n t e r ( 8 0 ) r e qu e s t e d a

58 d a y e x t e n s i o n

, a n d o n e c o mm e n t e r ( 71 ) r e qu e s t e d a 45 d a y e x t e n s i o n

.

C o mm e n t e r s 70

, 7 1

, a n d 73 s t a t e d t h a t t h e p e r i o d f o r c o mm e n

t s i s i n s u f f i c i e n t t o a l l o w

t h e m t o f u l l y r e v i e w t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e a n d d o c k e t m a t e r i a l s

, a n d d e v e l o p m e a n i n g f u l c o mm e n

t s

t o a s s i s t t h e A g e n c y i n f

i n a l i z i ng i t s p r o p o s a l

. C o m m e n

t e r 72 s t a t e d t h a t t h e p r o p o s a l r a i s e s a

h o s t o f c o m

p l i ca t e d i s s u e s t h a t w a rr a n t ca r e f u l c o n s i d e r a t i o n i n o r d e r t o c o mm e n t m e a n i n g f

u l l y

.

C o mm e n t e r 73 s t a t e d t h a t a n e x t e n s i o n i s w a rr a n t e d b eca u s e n o t a l l d o c u m e n

t s o n w h i c h t h e

E P A r e li e d i n d r a f

t i n g t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e w e r e l o ca t e d i n t h e d o c k e t o n M a y 19 . T h e c o mm e n t e r

f u r t h e r n o t e d t h a t t h e c o mm e n t p e r i o d i n c l ud e d M e m o r i a l D a y a n d I n d e p e n d e n ce D a y

,

e ff ec t i v e l y s h o r

t e n i n g t h e t im e a v a i l a b l e t o c o n du c t t h e n e c e s s a r y a n a l y s e s

. C o mm e n t e r 74 n o t e s

t h a t t h e c o mm e n

t p e r i o d f o r t h e E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d r

u l e a n d t h a t f

o r t h e E P A ’ s F i

r s t E x t e r n a l

R e v i e w D r a f

t I n t e g r a t e d S c i e n ce A ss e s s m e n

t f o r L ea d s h a r e a c o m

m o n d ea d l i n e . T h e

c o mm e n t e r c o n t e n d s t h a t i

t i s n o t r ea s o n a

b l e t o r e v i e w b o t h o f t h e s e l e n g t h y d o c u m e n t s o n t h e

s a m e t im e f

r a m e

.

R e s p o n se : T h e E P A g r a n t e d a 2 1 d a y e x t e n s i o n o f t h e c o mm e n t p e r i o d

. T h e 21 d a y

e x t e n s i o n w a s t h e l o n g e s t t h a t t h e E P A c o u l d g r a n t w h il e s t i l l p r o v i d i ng e n o ug h t im e t o m ee t t h e

c o u r t

- o r d e r e d d ea d li n e f

o r s i g n a t u r e o f t h i s f

i n a l r u l e

. S ee a l s o r e s p o n s e a t p a g e s 127

- 127 b e l o w

,

e x p l a i n i ng i n m o r e d e t a il w h y f u r t h e r e x t e n s i o n s w e r e i n a pp r o p r i a t e a n d un n e ce s s a r y

.

3 .9 M i s ce l l a n e o u s

C o m m e n t ( 16 ): C o mm e n t e r 80 p r o v i d e d c o mm e n

t o n t h e D r a f

t S u mm a r y o f A m

b i e n t

L ea d M o n i

t o r i n g D a t a n ea r S ec o n d a r y L ea d S m e l t i ng F ac i l i

t i e s d o c u m e n

t ( E P A

- HQ

- 2011

- 0344-

0041 )

. T h e c o m

m e n t e r s t a t e d t h a t t w o o f t h e m o n it o r i n g s i t e s li s t e d f

o r t h e B u i c k R e s o u r ce

R e c y c l i ng F a c il i

t y a r e n o t a m

b i e n t

, b u t a r e l o ca t e d w i

t h i n t h e f a c il i t y f e n c e l i n e a n d

s h ou l d n o t

a pp ea r i n t h e t a

b l e . T h e c o mm e n

t e r a l s o n o t e s t h a t t h e li s t e d m a x i m u m 3

- m o n

t h c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f

2

. 46 μ g /m

3 a t s i t e 29093016 i n 2008 r e s u l t e d f r o m a n up s e t c o n d i

t i o n a t t h e f

a c il i t y

, n o t t y p i c a l

o p e r a t i o n

.

R e s p o n se : W e h a v e a dd e d f o o t n o t e s t o t h e a

p p li c a b l e t a b l e s o f t h e t ec hn i c a l d o c u m e n t

c l a r i f y i ng t h e c o mm e n

t e r ’ s p o i n t s

.126

C o m m e n t ( 8

, 30 ) : C o mm e n t e r 78 a n d 83 s t a t e d t h a t t h e y s upp o r t t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e a s

pub l i s h e d

.

R e s p o n se : We ac kn o w l e dg e t h e c o mm e n t e r s ’ s u p p o r t

.

C o m m e n t ( 108

, 168

, 181 ) : I n du s t r y r e s p o n d e n t s ( 90

, 9 5

, 96 ) c o mm e n

t e d o n t h e E P A ’ s

s t a t e m e n t i n t h e p r e a m

b l e t o t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e t h a t “ N o n e w s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r s h a v e b e e n

b u i l t i n t h e l a s t 20 y ea r s

, a n d w e a n t i c i p a t e n o n e w s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t i ng f a c il i t i e s i n t h e

f o r e s e e a b l e f u t u r e

, a l t h o ug h t h e r e i s o n e f

a c il i t y c u rr e n t l y i n t h e p r o ce ss o f e x

p a n d i ng

o p e r a t i o n s

. ” T h e c o mm e n

t e r s n o t e a s ec o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t i ng f a c il i t y t h a t i s c u rr e n

t l y o p e r a t i n g

i n P u e r t o R i c o

. A d d i

t i o n a ll y

, J C I i s c u rr e n

t l y c o n s t r u c t i

n g a b a tt e r y r e c y c l i ng f

a c il i t y i n

F l o r e n ce

, S

. C

. , a n d

E x i d e T e c h n o l o g i e s h o l d s a n ac t i v e T i t l e V p e r m i

t f o r a f a c i l i t y i n C o l u m b u s

,

G A . T h e c o mm e n

t e r s c o n t e n d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s f

a i l u r e t o acc u r a

t e l y a n d c o m

p l e t e l y d e s c r i b e t h e

i ndu s t r y i s g r o u n d s f

o r w i t h d r a w a l a n d r e

- p r o p o s a l o f t h e r u l e

.

R e s p o n se : T h e c o mm e n t e r s a r e c o rr e c t i n t h e i

r s t a t e m e n

t s r e g a r d i n g t h e s e f

a c il i t i e s

.

H o w e v e r

, w e n o t e t h a t t h e J C I f ac i l i t y i n F l o r e n ce

, S C a n d t h e E x i d e f ac i l i t y i n C o l u m b u s

, G A

a r e n o t o p e r a

t i o n a l . T h e r e f

o r e

, ‘ e mi ss i o n s ’ ( n o n

- e x i s t e n t ) f r o m t h e s e t w o f

a c il i t i e s c ou l d n o t

h a v e a ff e c t e d a n y r e v i s e d e m i ss i o n s l im i t s i n t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e m a k i n g

.

W i t h r e g a r d s t o t h e P u e r t o R i c o f a c il i t y

, t h e E P A c o n

t a c t e d T h e B a t t e r y R e c y c l i ng

C o m p a n y r e qu e s t i n g i n f

o r m a t i o n i n a n e f

f o r t t o d e t e r mi n e t h e po t e n t i a l i m p ac t s o f t h e p r o p o s e d

r u l e o n t h i s f

a c il i t y . T h e s t ac k t e s t d a

t a o b t a i n e d b y t h e E P A r e v e a l e d t h a t s t ac k e mi s s i o n s o f

l ea d f r o m t h i s f a c il i t y a r e b e l o w t h e l im i

t p r o p o s e d b y t h e E P A a n d t h e r e f o r e w o u l d n o t h a v e

a ff ec t e d t h e E P A ’ s s t a n ce t h a t i t s p r o p o s e d e mi ss i o n s lim i t f o r l ea d f o r t h i s s o u r ce ca t e g o r y i s

t ec hn o l og i c a ll y f

ea s i b l e a n d r e p r e s e n

t s a l e v e l t h a t i s a c h i e v e d i n p r ac t i c e b y a w e ll

- p e r f o r mi ng

f a b r i c f i l t e r . T h e d a t a r ece i v e d c a n b e f o u n d i n d o c k e t I D : E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0124 a n d

E P A

- HQ

- O A R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0125

. W i t h r e g a r d s t o t o t a l h y d r o ca rb o n s a n d d i o x i n s a n d f u r a n s

f r o m r o t a r y f

u r n ac e s , E P A i s n o t s e t t i

n g s e c t i o n 1 1 2 ( d ) s t a n d a r d s i n t h i s r u l e b eca u s e o f a n

a b s e n ce o f d a t a t o r e p r e s e n t p e r f o r m a n ce o f r o t a r y f

u r n a ce s a n d i s n o w p r e p a r i n g t o s e n d o u t

s ec t i o n 114 i n f

o r m a t i o n r e qu e s t s t o o b t a i n a d d i t i o n a l d a t a

. W e h a v e c o n du c t e d a n a l y s e s t o

e v a l u a t e t h e c o s t i m

p ac t s o f t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e o n t h e a f o r e m e n t i o n e d f a c il i t i e s a n d h a v e r e v i s e d

t h e t ec hn i c a l d o c u m e n

t d e s c r i b i ng t h e c o s t im

p a c t s acc o r d i n g l y

. N o n e o f t h e d a t a o r i n f o r m a t i o n127

c o ll ec t e d f

r o m t h e s e f

a c i l i t i e s a l t e r s t h e d e c i s i o n s m a d e b y t h e E P A i n t h i s r u l e m a k i ng

. A s s u c h

,

w e do n o t b e li e v e t h a t t h i s i ss u e m e r i t s d e l a y o f t h i s r u l e m a k i ng

.

C o m m e n t ( 259 ) : C o mm e n t e r 7 5 r e qu e s t e d t h a

t t h e E P A i ss u e a s up p l e m e n t a l n o t i ce o f

r u l e m a k i ng f

o r t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t i ng N E S H A P . T h e c o mm e n t e r c l a i m s t h a t t h e r e a r e

“ s i g n i f i c a n t p r o b l e m s w i

t h t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e t h a t un d e r m i n e E P A ’ s p r o p o s e d M A C T f l oo r s a n d

i t s R i s k a n d

T e c h n o l og y R e v i e w ( R T R )

. ”

F i r s t

, t h e c o mm e n

t e r n o t e s t h a t t h e p r o p o s e d r u l e f a il s t o c o n s i d e r e mi ss i o n s f r o m T h e

B a t t e r y R e c y c l i ng C o m

p a n y ’ s s e c o n d a r y l ea d

s m e l t e r i n P u e r t o R i c o

. T h e c o mm e n t e r n o t e s t h a t

,

w i t h r e g a r d s t o r i s k

, t h e E P A i s r e q u i r e d t o c o n s i d e r e mi ss i o n f r o m a ll m e m

b e r s i n t h e s o u r ce

ca t e g o r y . T h e c o mm e n

t e r f u r t h e r n o t e s t h a t t h e M A C T f l oo r s p r o p o s e d b y t h e E P A f o r T H C a n d

D / F m u s t b e b a s e d o n t h e b e s t

- p e r f o r mi ng 5 s o u r c e s a n d t h a t t h e E P A ’ s f a i l u r e t o c o n s i d e r

e mi ss i o n s f

r o m t h e P u e r

t o R i c o f a c il i t y p r e j u d i ce s t h e s e s t a n d a r d s

.

S ec o n d

, t h e c o mm e n

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p r o p o s e d t o r e m o v e t h e 1997 N E S H A P e x e m p t i o n i n t h e s ec o n d a r y l ea d r u l e f o r b a g l ea k

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p o r a t i o n . T h e c o mm e n

t e r i s c o n ce r n e d t h a t E P A i s n o t p r o v i d i ng a131

c o m p l e t e r ec o r d o f s upp o r

t i n g m a t e r i a l s i n t h e d o c k e t

, i n t h a t mi nu t e s o f a m ee t i n g b e t w e e n E P A

a n d P a ll i n S e p t e m

b e r 2011 a r e n o t d o c k e t e d

. T h e c o mm e n t e r n o t e d t h a t t h e c o mm e n t s p r o v i d e d

b y P a l l d o n o t i n c l ud e a n y e x p l a n a t i o n a s t o w h y t h e i n f o r m a t i o n w a s n o t s ub m i

tt e d b e f o r e t h e

e n d o f t h e c o mm e n

t p e r i o d

. T h e c o m

m e n t e r d o e s n o t b e li e v e t h e r e i s s u f f i c i e n t i n f o r m a t i o n i n

t h e E P A ’ s p r o p o s a l a n d s upp o r t i n g d o c u m e n t a t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e f

e a s i b il i t y

, p e r f o r m a n ce

s p e c i f i c a t i o n s o r qu a l i

t y a s s u r a n ce p r o ce du r e s o f a P b C E M S

. T h e c o s t n o t e d b y t h e P a l l

C o r p o r a t i o n i n t h e l a t e

- f

i l e d c o mm e n

t s i s i n c o m

p l e t e a n d mi s l e a d i ng i n t h a t i t d o e s n o t i n c l ud e

a l l i n s t a l l a t i o n c o s t s.

R e s p o n se : W h il e t h e c o mm e n t e r i s c o rr ec t t h a t t h e a d d i t i o n a l c o mm e n

t s s ub m i tt e d b y t h e

P a l l C o r p o r a t i o n w e r e r ec e i v e d a f

t e r t h e c l o s e o f t h e pub li c c o mm e n t p e r i o d

, t h a t d o e s n o t b a r

t h e E P A f r o m c o n s i d e r i n g t h o s e c o mm e n t s

, j u s t a s i

t d i d n o t b a r t h e E P A f

r o m c o n s i d e r i ng t h e

m u l t i p l e c o mm e n

t s s u b m i tt e d b y A BR a f

t e r t h e c l o s e o f t h e pub l i c c o mm e n t p e r i o d

. T h e

a d d i t i o n a l c o mm e n

t s s u b m i tt e d b y t h e P a l l C o r

p o r a t i o n e s s e n

t i a l l y e m p h a s i ze d t h e i

r r e qu e s t t h a t

t h e a g e n c y r e s p o n d t o t h e i r o r i g i n a l c o mm e n

t s r a t h e r t h a n r a i s i ng n e w i ss u e s ( w i t h t h e e x ce p t i o n

o f n e w c o s t i n f

o r m a t i o n ) . T h e upd a t e d c o s t i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d b y t h e P a ll C o r p o r a t i o n d i d

i n c l ud e c a v ea t s t h a t ce r

t a i n c o s t s w e r e e x c l ud e d

, a s m e n t i o n e d b y t h e c o mm e n

t e r

. T h e E P A h a s

c o n s i d e r e d b o t h t h e c o s t e s t im a t e p r o v i d e d b y t h e c o mm e n t e r a n d b y P a ll C o r

po r a t i o n . T h e c o s t s

s ub m i tt e d b y t h e c o mm e n

t e r ( $40 0

, 000 p e r d e v i c e ) w e r e t h e v a l u e s t h a t t h e E P A u s e d t o

d e t e r mi n e w h e t h e r i

t w a s a pp r o p r i a t e t o r e qu i

r e t h e s e d e v i c e s f

o r n e w s o u r ce s

. W e d e e m e d t h a t i t

w a s a pp r o p r i a t e

. W

h e t h e r t h e c o s t s r e m a i n a t $40 0

, 000 o r a r e i n d ee d l o w e r

, w e m a i n t a i n t h a t i t i s

a n a pp r o p r i a t e r e q u i

r e m e n t

. W i t h r e g a r d t o c o m

m e n t s o n t h e f

ea s i b il i t y o f a P b C E M S

, t h e E P A

h a s i n c l ud e d t h e r e q u i

r e m e n t f o r n e w s o u r ce s t o i n s t a ll a C E M S o n l y a f t e r t h e p e r f

o r m a n ce

s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r a l ea d C E M S m e t h o d h a v e b e e n p r o m u l g a t e d

. T h e E P A w i l l c o n du c t a n

i nv e s t i g a t i o n i n

t o t h e f e a s i b il i t y a n d c o s t e f

f e c t i v e n e ss o f a P b C E M S b e f o r e a s a p a r

t o f t h e

r u l e m a k i ng p r o ce ss f

o r t h e p e r f

o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i c a t i o n . T h a t r u l e m a k i ng w i l l i n v o l v e a p u b li c

c o mm e n t p e r i o d du r i n g w h i c h t h e c o mm e n t e r m a y i n f

o r m t h e E P A o f a n y p o t e n t i a l p r o b l e m s

w i t h t h e p e r f

o r m a n c e s p e c i f

i c a t i o n t h a t i s p r o p o s e d

. T h e t o t a l c o s t o f i n s t a lli ng a n d o p e r a t i n g a

C E M S w ill b e c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e e v a l u a t i o n

. N o t e s f r o m t h e S e p t e m

b e r 2011 b e t w e e n t h e E P A

a n d P a ll C o r

p o r a t i o n w e r e p o s t e d i n t h e d o c k e t w e l l b e f o r e t h e s i g n a t u r e d a

t e o f t h e f i n a l r u l e

,

s ee E P A

- HQ

- OA R

- 2011

- 0344

- 0128

.

### S u

m m a ry of I n t e r a g e n cy W o r k i ng C o m m e n ts on D r a ft L a n g u a ge u n d er

E O 12 8 66 / 13 5 63 I n

t e r a g e n cy R ev i e w. S u b j e ct to F ur t h er P ol i cy R e v i e w.

1 S e c o n d a r y L e a d R i s k A ss e ss m e n t : E P A s e n t a r ed l i n e r i s k a s s e s s m e n t b e f o r e o u r 1 2 / 8 c a l l

.

P a g e 5 E P A s t a t e s : “ H o w e v e r

, w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e e s t i ma t e s o f f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s

, t h e d a t a •

w e r e c e i v e d t h r o u g h t h e IC R w

e r e l i m i t e d a n d u n c

e r t a i n

. ” I t is un c l e a r w h a t t h i s m e a n s

f o r

t h e pu r p o s e s o f h o w t h e d a t

a w e r e u s ed

. D o e s t h is m e a n E P

A i g n o r ed t h e s e d a t a a n d u s e d

o n l y t h e i r s

upp l e m e n t

a l a n a l y s i s ? W h e r e i s t h i s s upp l e m e n t

a l a n a l y s i s f o un d ? W h a t w

e r e i t s

f i nd i n g s a n d h o w

do t h e nu m b e r

s i n t h e E P

A s u pp l e m e n t

a l a n a l y s i s t r a c k w i t h t h e nu m b e r

s

f r o m t h e “ l i m i t

e d a nd u n c

e r t a i n ” d a t a p r o v i d e d b y i nd u s

t r y?

T a b l e 3

. 2 -1

, f

o r ma x i m u m a c

u t e H Q

, E P A p r e s e n t s t h e R E L v

a l u e o n l y f

o r A r s e n i c

. A r e t h e r e •

o t h e r A E G L

o r E R P G v a l u e s t h a t c

o u l d b e u s ed ? I f n o t

, p l e a s

e p r o v i d e a f o o t n o t e n o t i n g t h a t

o n l y a R E L i s av

a i l a b l e

. A r

e a l l o t h e r H Q ’s

un d e r 1 ? I f s

o p l e a s e c l a r i f y t h a t t h e r

e w e r e n o

e x c ee d a n c e s w i t h t h e A E G L o r E R P

G v a l u e s.

A l s o f o r t h i s t a b l e a nd f

o r d i s c u ss i o n i n 3

. 2

, i t i s n o t c l e a r w h a t e m i s s i o n s / r i s k s a r e f r o m t h e •

s t a c k v s f r o m fu g i t i v e s

. C a n E P A p l ea s e p r o v i d e a t a b l e s h o w i n g w h a t r i s k s c o m e f r o m s t a c k s

a nd w h i c h f r o m f u g i t i v e s?

P a g e 3 2 s u g g e s t e d e d i t s : “ I n a dd i t i o n

, t h i s w

o rs t

- c a s e s c r e e n i n g a n a l y

s i s e s t i m a t e s t h a t t h e •

m a x i m u m a c u t e H Q v a l u e f o r a f a c i l i t y i n t h i s s o u r c e c a t e g o r y c o u l d b e u p t

o 2 0

, a t t w o fa c i li t i e s i n

t h i s s o u r c e c a t e g o r y l ar g e l y du e t o s

t a c k e m i ss i o n s o f a rs

e n i c a t t h e E x i d e Ba t

o n R o u g e f a c i l i t y a nd

du e t o a c o m b i n a t i o n o f s

t a c k a n d f u g i t i v e du s t e m i ss i o n s o f ars

e n i c a t t h e Do e R un f

a c i l i t y

. “ I t

w o u l d a l s o b e h e l p f

u l f o r E P A t o m o r e c l e a r l y e x p l a i n % o f e m i s

s i o n s / r i sk c o m i n g fr o m s t a c k v s

f u g i t i v e

. L a s t s e n t e n c e w a s d e l e t e d b e c a u s e i t i s o u r und e rs

t a nd i n g t h a t t h e r i s

k a s s e ss m e n t s d o n o t

d ra w c o n c l u s i o n s r e g ar d i n g r i s k.

P a g e 3 3

, s t a t e s : “ R e s u l t s o f t h i s a n a l y

s i s

, p r e s e n t e d i n T a b l e 3

. 2

- 3

, e s t i m a t e t h a t t h e N A

A Q S f o r l e a d •

c o u l d b e e x

c e e d e d a t a b o u t 9 o f

1 5 fa c i l i t i e s

, l ar g e l y d u e t o f u g i t i v e d u s t e m i ss i o n s

. ” P l e as e c l ar i f y

w h a t e x t e n t o f t h e e x

c ee d a n c e i s d u e t o f u g a t i v e s a nd w h a t e x t e n t i s d u e t

o s t a c ks

. I t i s a l s o n o t

c l e a r w h e r e t h i s a n a l y

s i s i s p r e s e n t e d

. I t o u r und e rs

t a nd i n g t h a t E P

A d i d s u pp l e m e n t

a l a n a l y s i s a n d

m o d e l i n g t

o d e r i v e f u g i t i v e nu m b e rs.

P a g e 3 3 s u g g e s t e d e d i t s : “ Mo r e o v e r

, t h i s a n a l y

s i s e s t i m a t e s t h a t 3

- m o n t h m ax i m u m l e a d •

c o n c e n t ra t i o n s c

o u l d b e up t

o a b o u t 20 t i m e s t h e N A

A Q S f o r l e a d

-

A

. A s m e n t i o n e d a b o

v e

, t o

e v a l u a t e t h e p o t e n t i a l f

o r a d v e rs e e n v i r o n m e n t a l e ff e c t s

, w e a l s o c o m p ar e d m ax i m u m 3

- m o n t h

r o l li n g a v e ra g e a t m o s ph e r i c c o n c e n t ra t i o n s w

i t h t h e c u rr e n t s e c o nd ar y N A A Q S f

o r l e a d ( w h i c h i s

i d e n t i c a l t o t h e p r i m ar

y

, h e a l t h

- b as

e d s t a n d a r d )

. .”

P a g e 3 4

, i n t h e c o l u m n h e a d i n g f

o r t a b l e 3

. 2 -3

, p l e a s e c l a r i f y t h a t y o u a r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e •

h i g h e s t m o d e l ed l ea d c

o n c e n t r a t i o n.

### S u

m m a ry of I n t e r a g e n cy W o r k i ng C o m m e n ts on D r a ft L a n g u a ge u n d er

E O 12 8 66 / 13 5 63 I n

t e r a g e n cy R ev i e w. S u b j e ct to F ur t h er P ol i cy R e v i e w.

2 S e c t i o n 3

. 3

. i s d r i v e n b y t h e a s

s u m p t i o n t h a t t h e r i s

k s a r e p r ed o m i n a n t l y

f r o m fu g i t i v

e s. •

A g a i n

, i t i s h a r

d t o c o mm e n t o n t h i s w

i t h o u t s ee i n g t h e b r

e a k d o w n o f e m i s s i o n s f r o m s t a c k

v s f u g i t i v e s a n d w i t h o u t und e r

s t a nd i n g t h e a s

s u m p t i o n s E P

A u s e d i n p l a c e o f f u g i t i v e d a t a

r ec e i v e d f r o m i n du s t r y.

P a g e 3 4 / 35 : “ O f t h e s e 2 f a c i l i t i e s

, 1 i s p r o j e c t e d t o b e v e r y c l o s e t o t h e N AA Q S f

o r l e a d

. T h e •

o t h e r f a c i l i t y ( E x i d e

, C A ) i s e s t i m a t e d t o b e a b o u t 3 t i m e s a b o

v e t h e N AA Q S f

o r l e a d

( p r i ma r i l y d r i v e n by fu g i t i v e e m i ss i o n s )

. ” P l ea s e r e p l a c e t h i s w i t h s p e c i f i c nu m b e r

s

, s o t h a t i t

i s c l e a r w h a t i s m e a n t b y “ v e r y c l o s e ” a nd “ a b o u t

3 t i m e s ”

. I n a dd i t i o n i t ma y b e h e l p f u l t o

p r o v i d e a t a b l e s h o w i n g h o w t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( a n d N AA Q S e x

c ee d a n c e s ) c h a n g e d a t e a c h

f a c i l i t y w h i c h s t il l e x c e e d s t h e N AA Q S

.

P a g e 3 5 : t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h o f s e c t i o n 3

. 3 i s un c l ea r

. S o p o s t c o n t r o l t h e r e w i l l b e 2 f a c i l i t i e s •

e x c ee d i n g t h e a c

u t e H Q of 1

. I s t h a t c

o r r e c t ? O n e i s e x

c e ed i n g f o r A r s e n i c

, b a s ed o n t h e R E L

( p l e a s e a d d l a n g u a g

e a b o u t E P R

G a nd A E G L

) a nd t h e o t h e r f

a c i l i t y i s e x c ee d i n g fo r l ea d ?

W h e r e i s t h i s s ee n i n t a b l e 3

. 2- 1

. P l e a s

e c l a r i f y.

S e c o n d a r y L e a d P r e am b l e:

P a g e 3 0 / 31

- w h e r e l a n g u a g e i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h r i s k a s s e ss m e n t

, p l e a s

e ma k e c o n f o r m i n g •

e d i t s a s s u g g e s t e d a b o v e

. A dd i t i o n a l l y

, p l e a s e a d d d i s c u ss i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e c o nf i d e n c e a nd

u n c e r t a i n t i e s i n t h e

fu g i t i v e d a t a a n d t h e a dd i t i o n a l a n a l y si s t h a t w a s c o n du c t e d b y E P A

. P l e a s e a l s o a d d l a n g u a g

e d i s c u s s i n g w h a t i s m ea n t b y e x

c ee d a n c e s b e i n g “ l a r

g e l y du e t o

fu g i t i v e d u s t e m i ss i o n s )

. M o r e s h o u l d b e a dd e d t

o d i s c u s s w h a t c o m e s f r o m s t a c k v s

fu g i t i v e s.

A dd e d l a n g u a g

e c l a r i f y i n g t h a t 9

4- 9 9 % o f t h e am b i e n t l e a d c

o n c e n t r a t i o n s w e r e o

f r o m f u g i t i v e s a t 8 o f t h e 9 f

a c i l i t i e s w h e r e t h e r e w e r e e x c e ed a n c e s

, c o n s i s t e n t w i t h

l a n g u a g e a dd e d t o t h e r i s k a s s e s s m e n t.

A l s o a dd e d l a n g u a g

e r e : u n c e r t a i n t y o f e s t i ma t i n g fu g i t i v

e e m i s s i o n s a n d a c

i t a t i o n o

t o t h e e m i s

s i o n s m e m o w

h e r e o u r e s t i ma t e s a r e c o m p a r ed t o t h e I C R r e s p o n s e s a nd

t h e T R I r e p o r t e d e s t i ma t e s.

P a g e 3 2

, b a s e d o n t h e c

o mm e n t

, s

h o u l d t h e l e a d c

o n c

. v a l u e f o r F r i s c o b a t t e r y r e c y c li n g b e •

m o d i f i e d?

T h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n h a s b ee n f i x e d

. o

P a g e 3 3

, i f t h e r e i s o n l y a R E L f

o r a r s e n i c a nd n o o t h e r s

c r ee n i n g v a l u e s a r e a v a il a b l e

, p l e a s

e •

c l a r i f y t h i s i n t e x t

. O t h e r w i s e p l e a s e p r e s e n t o t h e r v a l u e s.

### S u

m m a ry of I n t e r a g e n cy W o r k i ng C o m m e n ts on D r a ft L a n g u a ge u n d er

E O 12 8 66 / 13 5 63 I n

t e r a g e n cy R ev i e w. S u b j e ct to F ur t h er P ol i cy R e v i e w.

3 A dd e d t h e f

o l l o w i n g l a n g u a g

e

, c o n s i s t e n t w i t h l a n g u a g

e a d d ed t o t h e r i s k o

a s s e s s m e n t : “ T h e R E L i s t h e o n l y a v a i l a b l e a c u t e h e a l t h b e n c

h m ark v a l u e f o r ars e n i c

. A ll

o t h e r p o l l u t a n t

s h a d H Q v

a l u e s l e ss t h a n o r e qu a l t o 1 .”

P a g e 3 3

, E P A s t a t e s t h a t r i s

k s a r e u n a cc e p t a b l e “ p r i ma r i l y b a s

e d o n l e a d r i s

k ”

. P l ea s e a d d •

d i s c u s s i o n o f w h a t p o r t i o n s a r e d u e t o s t a c k v s fu g i t i v e

. E P A n o t e s t h a t b o t h m u s

t b e

r ed u c e d

, bu t i f t h e

d r i v e r i s p r i ma r i l y

fu g a t i v e s

, w h y m u s t t h e s t a c k e m is s i o n s b e r e du c e d ?

I n a dd i t i o n

, i t i s

n o t c l e a r w h e r e i n t h e r i s

k a s s e s s m e n t o r p r eam b l e

, E P

A d i s c u s s e s t h e

n u m b e r o f p e o p l e e x p o s

e d t o n o n- c a n c e r r i s k s f r o m l e a d

. P l e a s

e a d d t h i s d i s

c u s s i o n a s t h e

n u m b e r o f p e o p l e e x p o s

e d s h o u l d b e a f

a c t o r

. W h e n d i s

c u s s i n g w h a t E P A c o n s i d e r s w h e n

e v a l u a t i n g n o n c a n c e r r i s k s

, l a n g u a g e t h a t w a s u s e d i n t h e r

ec e n t f e r r o a l l o y s p a c k a g e c a n b e

a dd e d.

C l a r i f i e d t h i s l a n g u a g

e t o r e a d a s f o l l o w s : “ Taking into account all the o

results of the final risk assessment, and similar to the

proposed rulemaking, we conclude that risks due to

emissions from this source category are unacceptable. Our

conclusion is primarily based on risk from exposure to

air-borne lead emissions but also considers other risk

metrics such as cancer and non-cancer risks associated

with actual and allowable stack emissions. As mentioned

above, fugitive dust emissions cause modeled

concentrations of lead above the lead NAAQS at 9 of 15

facilities. Allowable stack emissions of lead also cause

modeled concentrations exceeding the NAAQS and allowable

stack emissions of other HAP metals cause cancer risks of

200 in a million. “

T h e a dd e d l a n g u a g

e s h o u l d ma k

e i t c l ea r e r t h a t s t a c k a n d fu g i t i v

e e m i ss i o n s w e r e o

b o t h d r i v

e r s i n t h e d e c

i s i o n ma k i n g p r

o c e ss

.

P a g e 4 7

, i s i t t r u e t h a t E P

A c a n n o t p r o v i d e t h e c o s t s f o r e n c l o s u r e s w i t h o u t i n c l ud i n g c o s t s •

f o r am b i e n t m o n i t

o r i n g ? I t i s n o t c l e a r t h a t t h i s ma k

e s s e n s e

. S i m i l a r l y

, t h e d i s

c u s s i o n

r e g a r d i n g e n c l o s u r e h o o d s i s

un c l e a r

. I f w e k n o w t h a t m o s

t f u g i t i v e s c o m e f r o m s o u r c e s

t h a t c a n b e c o n t r o l l e d b y t h e h o o d s

, e v e n i f t h e y a r e no t 1 0 0 % e ff e c t i v e

, m i g h t t h ey

b e

e ff e c t i v e e n o u g h?

W e t a l k e d a b o u t t h is a t o u r 1 2/

8 c a l l

. Th e c o s t e s t i ma t e s a t p r o p o s a l w e r e a b l e t o o

s e p a r a t e t h e c o s t o f am b i e n t m o n i t

o r i n g f r o m t h e c o s t s o f t o t a l e n c l o s u r e

. H o w e v e r

, f o r t h e o p t i o n t h a t

o n l y r eq u i r e d am b i e n t m o n i t

o r i n g

, w e a ss u m e d t h a t a l l f

a c i l i t i e s

w o u l d h av e t o t o t a l l y e n c l o s e i n o r d e r t o m ee t t h e am b i e n t m o n i t o r i n g v a l u e

. T h e r e f o r e

, t h e c o s t s p r e s e n t e d f o r t h a t o p t i o n w

e r e v e r y s i m i l a r t o t h e o p t i o n t h a t

r e q u i r e d t o t a l e n c l o s u r e

.

### S u

m m a ry of I n t e r a g e n cy W o r k i ng C o m m e n ts on D r a ft L a n g u a ge u n d er

E O 12 8 66 / 13 5 63 I n

t e r a g e n cy R ev i e w. S u b j e ct to F ur t h er P ol i cy R e v i e w.

4 T h e r e s p o n s e t o c o mm e n t r

e : e n c l o s u r e h o o d s a g r

ee s w i t h t h e c o mm e n t e r t h a t o

t h e s e d e v i c e s a r e e f f e c t i v e f o r c o n t r o l o f s o m e p r o c e s s f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s o u r c e s

. H o w e v e r

, t h o s e p r o c e s s f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s o u r c e s a r e n o t 1 0 0 % c o n t r o l l ed b y t h e s

e

h o o d s, no r a r

e t h e s e s o u r c e s t h e o n l y fu g i t i v

e du s t e m i s s i o n s o u r c e s.

P a g e 4 9

, i t i s n o t c

l e a r t h a t t h e E P

A r e s p o n s e a dd r e s s e s t h e c o mm e n t e r s c o n c e r n s a b o u t t h e •

d i ff e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e s

. E P A h a s n o t r

e s p o nd e d t o t h e c o n c e r n s r e g a r d i n g s ub s t a n t i a l

e x p e nd i t u r e s o r t h e c

o n c e r n s r e g a r d i n g a c t u a l l y l e a d i n g t

o g r e a t e r e m i s s i o n s o f l e a d.

O u r a n a l y si s f o u n d t h a t t h e c

o s t fo r p r e s s u r e m o n i t o r s w a s m i n i ma l a nd t h a t t h e s e o

m o n i t o r s a r e t h e m o s

t d i r e c t m e t h o d t

o v e r i f y n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e

. A dd e d t h e f

o l l o w i n g l a n g u a g

e i n r e s p o n s e t o t h e a s s e r t i o n t h a t t

o t a l e n c l o s u r e o

w o u l d i n c r e a s e t h e e m i ss

i o n s o f l e a d : “ It is unclear to us how

directing previously uncontrolled fugitive emissions

through a fabric filter would increase the overall

emissions from a structure.”

P a g e 6 7

, E P A n o t e s t h a t t h e c

h a n g e s i n fu g i t i v

e e m i s s i o n s d i d n o t a l t

e r t h e d e c

i s i o n u nd e r •

1 1 2 F

. C a n E P A e x p l a i n t o u s t h e i m p a c

t t h e up d a t e d e m i s s i o n s h a d o n t h e n u m b e r

s?

W e s p o k e a b o u t t h i s o n o u r 1 2/

8 c a l l

. T h e ma x

i m u m m o d e l e d l e a d r i s

k w e n t f r o m o

a b o u t 1 9 x t h e N AA Q S t

o a b o u t 1 6

x t h e N AA Q S

. T h e a l l o w a b l e r i s k s du e t o s t a c k

e m i s s i o n s w e r e n ’ t a ff e c t e d b y t h e c

h a n g e i n t h e f u g i t i v e e s t i ma t e s.

P a g e 7 3

, s t a t e s t h a t f u g i t i v e d u s t i s t h e ma

j o r c o n t r i b u t o r t o am b i e n t l e a d n e a r s

e c o nd a r y •

s m e l t e r s

. I s t h i s c o r r e c t ? C a n E P A p r o v i d e a t a b l e s h o w i n g t h e c o n t r i bu t i o n f

r o m fu g a t i v e s v s

s t a c k e m i ss i o n s ?

A dd e d l a n g u a g

e a t p

. 3 4 -3 5 t h a t c l a r i f i e s t h a t f u g i t i v e e m i s s i o n s c o n t r i b u t e 9 4- 9 9 % o

o f m o d e l e d am b i e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a t 8

o f 9 f a c i l i t i e s t h a t h a d m o d e l e d

c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a b o

v e t h e N AA Q S.

P a g e 8 8

, i s i t c o r r e c t t h a t t h i s r u l e o n l y r

e du c e s l e a d b y 0

. 5 t p y ? I f s o

, i s t h e r e a w a y t o •

i n c o r p o r a t e t h e c o s t s o f t h e l e a d r

e d u c t i o n s i n t a b l e 5 ? A d d i t i o n a l l y

, w

e w o nd e r i f p a g

e s 9 4-

9 6 s h o u l d b e m o d i f

i e d t o f o c u s o n t h e H A P r

e du c t i o n s

, o t h e r t h a n l e a d.

W e s p o k e a b o u t t h i s o n o u r c

a l l o n 1 2/ 8

. Th e t o t a l a nn u a l l e a d r

ed u c t i o n s a r e a b o u t o

1 3

. 3 t p y. W

e ’ v e c l a r i f i e d t h e l a n g u a g

e t o ma k e t h a t m o r

e c l e a r.

T h e l a n g u a g

e a l s o p r e s e n t s r ed u c t i o n s o f o t h e r m e t

a l H A P a l o n g w

i t h l ea d. o

### S u

m m a ry of I n t e r a g e n cy W o r k i ng C o m m e n ts on D r a ft L a n g u a ge u n d er

E O 12 8 66 / 13 5 63 I n

t e r a g e n cy R ev i e w. S u b j e ct to F ur t h er P ol i cy R e v i e w.

5 A l s o a dd e d t h e r

e du c t i o n s o f l e a d t o t h e r o w s i n T a b l e 5 s

o t h e c o s t e f f ec t i v e n e s s o

b a s e d o n l ea d a l o n e c

a n b e e a si l y c

a l c u l a t e d f r o m t h e i nf

o r ma t i o n i n t h e t

a b l e.

D i d E P A r e c e i v e a n y c o mm e n t s o n t h e m u l t i p a t h w

a y a s s e s s m e n t ? I f s o

, p l e a s e p o i n t u s t

o a •

d o c u m e n t a nd s

e c t i o n w h e r e t h e y a r e a dd r e s s ed.

T h e c o mm e n t s a nd r e s p o n s e s r e l a t e d t o t h e c h a n g e s i n t h e m u l t i p a t h w

a y r i s k r e s u l t s o

b a s e d o n t h e u p d a t e d e m is s i o n s i nf o r ma t i o n r

ec e i v e d i n p ub l i c c

o mm e n t s h a v e b ee n

m o v e d t o t h e p r e am b l e

. T h e r e a r e a f e w o t h e r c o mm e n t s r e l a t e d t o t h e m u l t i p a t h w

a y r i s k a s s e s s m e n t i n t h e o

r e s p o n s e t o c o mm e n t d o c

u m e n t

, a d r a f t of w h i c h h a s b ee n s e n t a l o n g w

i t h t h i s

d o c u m e n t.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 1 of 183

E.O. 12866 Secondary Lead Smelting 2060-AQ68 Proposal 20111122

6560-50-P

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 63

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2011–0344; FRL-XXXX-X]

RIN 2060–AQ68

National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Secondary

Lead Smelting

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: This action finalizes the residual risk and technology review

conducted for the Secondary Lead Smelting source category regulated

under national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants. These

final amendments include revisions to the emissions limits for lead

compounds, revisions to the standards for fugitive emissions, the

addition of total hydrocarbon and dioxin and furan emissions limits

for reverberatory and electric furnaces, the addition of a work

practice standard for mercury emissions, the modification and addition

of testing and monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting requirements,

related notifications and revisions to the regulatory provisions

related to emissions during periods of startup, shutdown and

malfunction.

DATES: This final action is effective on [INSERT THE DATE OF

PUBLICATION OF THIS FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. The

incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the rule***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 2 of 183

is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of [INSERT THE

DATE 60 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF TH IS FINAL RULE IN THE

FEDERAL REGISTER ].

ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under

Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2011–0344. All documents in the docket are

listed on the http://www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in

the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g.,

confidential business information (CBI) or other information whose

disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as

copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet and will be

publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket

materials are available either electronically through

http://www.regulations.gov , or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center,

EPA West Building, Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW,

Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room hours of operation are 8:30

a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST), Monday through Friday.

The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744 and

the telephone number for the Air and Radiation Docket and Information

Center is (202) 566–1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions about this final

action, contact Mr. Nathan Topham, Office of Air Quality Planning and

Standards, Sector Policies and Programs Division, U.S. Environmental

Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone number:

(919) 541–0483; fax number: (919) 541-3207; and email address:***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 3 of 183

topham.nathan@epa.gov . For additional contact information, see the

following SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: For specific information regarding the risk

assessment and exposure modeling methodology, contact Dr. Michael

Stewart, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and

Environmental Impacts Division, Air Toxics Assessment Group (C504–06),

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC

27711; telephone number: (919) 541–7524; fax number: (919) 541–0840;

and email address: stewart.michael@epa.gov . For information about the

applicability of this NESHAP to a particular entity, contact the

appropriate person listed in Table 1 to this preamble.

Table 1 – List of EPA Contacts for the NESHAP Addressed in This

Action

NESHAP for: OECA Contact 1 OAQPS Contact 2

Secondary Lead

Smelting Maria Malave

(202) 564-7027

malave.maria@epa.gov Nathan Topham

(919) 541-0483

topham.nathan@epa.gov

1 EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance.

2 EPA’s Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.

Acronyms and Abbreviations

. The following acronyms and abbreviations

are used in this document.

CAA Clean Air Act

CBI confidential business information

CDX Central Data Exchange

CEMS continuous emission monitoring system

CPMS continuous parameter monitoring system

D/F dioxins and furans

ERT Electronic Reporting Tool

HAP hazardous air pollutants

HQ hazard quotient***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 4 of 183

ICR information collection request

lbs/yr pounds per year

MACT maximum achievable control technology

NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard

NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

ng/dsc m nanograms per dry standard cubic meter

NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

OP Office of Policy

ppbv parts per billion by volume

ppbw parts per billion by weight

ppmv parts per million by volume

ppmw parts per million by weight

REL recommended exposure limit

RFA Regulatory Flexibility Act

RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis

RIN Regulatory Information Number

RTR Risk and Technology Review

SRF short rotary furnace

TEF toxic equivalency factor

TEQ toxic equivalency quotient

THC total hydrocarbons

TTN Technology Transfer Network

UMRA Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

UPL upper prediction limit

WWW World Wide Web

Background Information Document . On May 19, 2011 (76 FR 29032), the

EPA proposed revisions to the Secondary Lead Smelting NESHAP based on

evaluations performed by the EPA in order to conduct our risk and

technology review. In this action, we are finalizing decisions and

revisions for the rule. Some of the significant comments and our

responses are summarized in this preamble. A summary of the public

comments on the proposal not presented in the preamble and the EPA’s***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 5 of 183

responses to those comments, is available in Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR2011-0344. A red-line version of the regulatory language that

incorporates the changes in this action is available in the docket.

Organization of This Document . The following outline is provided to

aid in locating information in the preamble.

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

B. What is the affected source?

C. Where can I get a copy of this document?

D. Judicial Review

II. Background

III. Summary of the Final Rule

A. What are the final rule amendments for the Secondary Lead

Smelting source category?

1. Stack and Fugitive Metal HAP Emission Standards

2. Organic HAP Emissions Standards

3. Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction

B. What are the effective and compliance dates of the standards?

C. What are the requirements for submission of performance test

data to the EPA?

IV. Summary of Significant Changes Since Proposal

A. Changes to the Risk Assessment Performed Under CAA Section

112(f)

B. Changes to the Technology Review Performed Under Conducted

Pursuant to CAA Section 112(d)(6)

V. Summary of Significant Comments and Responses

A. Use of lead primary NAAQS as a measure of acceptability of risk

for public health

B. Total Enclosure Requirements

B. Work Practice Standard Requirements for Fugitive Emissions

C. Emission Standards for Organic HAP from Rotary Furnaces

D. The EPA ’ s Risk Assessment Supporting the Proposed Rule

E. Miscellaneous Changes to the Regulatory Text

F. Emission Testing Methods and Frequency

G. Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction

VI. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and Economic Impacts

A. What are the affected facilities?

B. What are the air quality impacts?

C. What are the cost impacts?

D. What are the economic impacts?

E. What are the benefits?

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 6 of 183

A. Executive Orders 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review, and

Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory

Review

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian

Tribal Governments

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental

Health Risks and Safety Risks

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental

Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

K. Congressional Review Act

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

Regulated Entities . Categories and entities potentially regulated by

this action are shown in Table 2 of this preamble.

Table 2 – NESHAP and Industrial Source Categories Affected By

This Final Action

NESHAP and Source Category NAICS 1 Code MACT 2

Code

Secondary Lead Smelting 331492 0205

1 North American Industry Classification System

2 Maximum Achievable Control Technology

Table 2 of this preamble is not intended to be exhaustive, but

rather provides a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be

affected by the final action for the source category listed. To

determine whether your facility would be affected, you should examine

the applicability criteria in the appropriate NESHAP. As defined in

the source category listing report published by the EPA in 1992, the***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 7 of 183

1 USEPA. Documentation for Developing the Initial Source Category List – Final

Report, USEPA/OAQPS, EPA-450/3-91-030, July, 1992. Secondary Lead Smelting source category is defined as any facility at

which lead-bearing scrap materials (including, but not limited to lead

acid batteries) are recycled by smelting into elemental lead or lead

alloys. 1 For clarification purposes, all reference to lead emissions

in this preamble means “lead compounds” (which is a hazardous air

pollutant) and all reference to lead production means elemental lead

(which is not a hazardous air pollutant) as provided under CAA section

112(b)(7).

If you have any questions regarding the applicability of any

aspect of this NESHAP, please contact the appropriate person listed in

Table 1 of this preamble in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION

CONTACT section.

B. What is the affected source?

The final rule applies to owners and operators of secondary lead

smelters. The affected source for this subpart is any of the following

sources at a secondary lead smelter: blast, reverberatory, rotary and

electric furnaces; refining kettles; agglomerating furnaces; dryers;

process fugitive emissions sources; buildings containing lead bearing

materials; and fugitive dust sources. A new affected source is any

affected source at a secondary lead smelting facility of which the

construction or reconstruction commenced after May 19, 2011. If

components of an existing affected source are replaced such that the

replacement meets the definition of reconstruction in 40 CFR 63.2 and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 8 of 183

t h e r e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o mm e n c e d o n o r a f

t e r May 19, 2011, then the existing source

becomes a reconstructed source and is subject to the relevant

standards for a new affected source. The reconstructed source must

comply with the requirements for a new affected source upon initial

startup of the reconstructed source or by [INSERT THE DATE 60 DAYS

AFTER THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF TH IS FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL

REGISTER ], whichever is later.

C

. Where can I get a copy of this document?

In addition to being available in the docket, an electronic copy

of this final action will also be available on the World Wide Web

through the Technology Transfer Network (TTN). Following signature, a

copy of the final action will be posted on the TTN’s policy and

guidance page for newly proposed and promulgated rules at the

following address: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/caaa/new.html . The TTN

provides information and technology exchange in various areas of air

pollution control.

Additional information is available on the residual risk and

technology review (RTR) web page at

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/rrisk/rtrpg.html . This information

includes source category descriptions and detailed emissions and

other data that were used as inputs to the risk assessments.

D

. Judicial Review

Under section 307(b)(1) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), judicial

review of this final action is available only by filing a petition***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 9 of 183

for review in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of

Columbia Circuit by [INSERT THE DATE 60 DAYS AFTER THE DATE OF

PUBLICATION OF THIS FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ]. Under CAA

section 307(b)(2), the requirements established by this final rule

may not be challenged separately in any civil or criminal

proceedings brought by the EPA to enforce the requirements.

Section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA further provides that “[o]nly an

objection to a rule or procedure which was raised with reasonable

specificity during the period for public comment (including any public

hearing) may be raised during judicial review.” This section also

provides a mechanism for us to convene a proceeding for

reconsideration, “[i]f the person raising an objection can demonstrate

to the EPA that it was impracticable to raise such objection within

[the period for public comment] or if the grounds for such objection

arose after the period for public comment (but within the time

specified for judicial review) and if such objection is of central

relevance to the outcome of the rule.” Any person seeking to make such

a demonstration to us should submit a Petition for Reconsideration to

the Office of the Administrator, U.S. EPA, Room 3000, Ariel Rios

Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460, with a

copy to both the person(s) listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER

INFORMATION CONTACT section, and the Associate General Counsel for the

Air and Radiation Law Office, Office of General Counsel (Mail Code

2344A), U.S. EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20460.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 10 of 183

II. Background

Section 112 of the CAA establishes a two-stage regulatory process

to address emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from stationary

sources. In the first stage, after the EPA has identified categories

of sources emitting one or more of the HAP listed in CAA section

112(b), section 112(d) calls for us to promulgate NESHAP for those

sources. “Major sources” are those that emit, or have the potential to

emit, any single HAP at a rate of 10 tons per year (tpy) or more or 25

tpy or more of any combination of HAP. For major sources, these

technology-based standards must reflect the maximum degree of emission

reductions of HAP achievable (after considering cost, energy

requirements, and non-air quality health and environmental impacts)

and are commonly referred to as maximum achievable control technology

(MACT) standards.

For MACT standards, the statute specifies certain minimum

stringency requirements, which are referred to as floor requirements

and may not be based on cost considerations. See CAA section

112(d)(3). For new sources, the MACT floor cannot be less stringent

than the emission control that is achieved in practice by the best

controlled similar source. The MACT standards for existing sources can

be less stringent than floors for new sources, but they cannot be less

stringent than the average emission limitation achieved by the bestperforming 12 percent of existing sources in the category or

subcategory (or the best-performing five sources for categories or***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 11 of 183

subcategories with fewer than 30 sources). In developing MACT, we must

also consider control options that are more stringent than the floor,

under CAA section 112(d)(2). We may establish standards more stringent

than the floor, based on the consideration of the cost of achieving

the emissions reductions, any non-air quality health and environmental

impacts and energy requirements. In promulgating MACT standards, CAA

section 112(d)(2) directs us to consider the application of measures,

processes, methods, systems or techniques that reduce the volume of or

eliminate HAP emissions through process changes, substitution of

materials, or other modifications; enclose systems or processes to

eliminate emissions; collect, capture or treat HAP when released from

a process, stack, storage or fugitive emissions point; and/or are

design, equipment, work practice or operational standards.

In the second stage of the regulatory process, we undertake two

different analyses, as required by the CAA. CAA section 112(d)(6)

calls for us to review these technology-based standards and to revise

them “as necessary (taking into account developments in practices,

processes, and control technologies)” no less frequently than every 8

years and to do so within 8 years after promulgation of the technology

standards. CAA section 112(f) calls for us to evaluate the risk to

public health remaining after application of the technology-based

standards and to revise the standards, if necessary, to provide an

ample margin of safety to protect public health or to prevent, taking

into consideration costs, energy, safety and other relevant factors,***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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an adverse environmental effect. In doing so, the EPA may adopt

standards equal to existing MACT standards if the EPA determines that

the existing standards are sufficiently protective. NRDC v. EPA , 529

F.3d 1077, 1083 (D.C. Cir. 2008).

On May 19, 2011, the EPA published a proposed rule in the Federal

Register for the Secondary Lead Smelting NESHAP, 40 CFR part 63,

subpart X that took into consideration the residual risk and

technology review (RTR) analyses. This action provides the EPA’s final

determinations pursuant to the RTR provisions of CAA section 112 for

the Secondary Lead Smelting source category. As a result of our

analyses, we are taking the following actions:

Revising some requirements of the NESHAP related to control of •

metal HAP emissions based on our risk assessment and technology

reviews.

Finalizing new total hydrocarbon (THC) and dioxin and furan (D/F) •

emissions limits and a plastic separation work practice standard

to prevent dioxin formation.

Finalizing work practice standards for mercury. •

Revising the requirements in the NESHAP related to emissions •

during periods of startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM).

Incorporating the use of plain language into the rule text. •

Addressing technical and editorial corrections in the rule. •

III. Summary of the Final Rule***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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A. What are the final rule amendments for the Secondary Lead Smelting

source categor y ?

EPA promulgated the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air

Pollutant Emissions: Secondary Lead Smelting on June 13, 1997 (62 FR

32216). The standards are codified at 40 CFR part 63, subpart X. The

secondary lead smelting industry consists of facilities that recycle

lead-bearing scrap material, typically lead acid batteries, into

elemental lead or lead alloys. The source category covered by this

MACT standard currently includes 16 facilities, including one facility

that is not currently operating and one facility that is in the

construction process.

This section describes the final amendments to the secondary lead

smelting NESHAP. These revisions include changes to the stack and

fugitive metal HAP emission standards, the addition of new THC and D/F

emission limits, the addition of a work practice standard to separate

plastics from automotive batteries to prevent dioxin emissions, the

addition of work practice standards to minimize mercury emissions, and

changes to the requirements during periods of startup, shutdown and

malfunction. In addition to these changes described below, we are also

making minor changes to the regulatory text to correct editorial

errors and to make plain language revisions. We have evaluated the

cost, emissions reductions and cost effectiveness of all of the

standards being promulgated in this final rule and have determined

that these measures are cost effective, technically feasible and will***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 14 of 183

provide the public with an ample margin of safety from exposure to

emissions from the secondary lead smelter source category. See Cost

Impacts for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category , which is

available in the docket, for information on the costs and cost

effectiveness of each of the standards being promulgated in this final

rule.

1. Stack and Fugitive Metal HAP Emission Standards

For the reasons provided in Section IV.A of this preamble and in

the support documents in the docket, we have determined that the risks

associated with emissions from this source category are unacceptable

primarily due to fugitive emissions of lead. AN ET We have further

determined that there have been developments in practices, processes,

and control technologies that warrant revisions to the existing MACT

standard for this source category. Therefore, to satisfy the

requirements of CAA sections 112(d)(6) and 112(f)(2), we are revising

the existing MACT standard to include:

A facility-wide, flow-weighted average lead emissions limit from •

stacks of 0.20 mg/dscm and an individual stack lead emissions

limit of 1.0 mg/dscm for each stack at existing sources. For new

sources, a lead emissions limit of 0.20 mg/dscm applies to each

individual stack at an existing modified or ‘greenfield’ new

facility.

A requirement for the facility to AN ET operate sources of fugitive •

lead emissions within total enclosures that are maintained under***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 15 of 183

n e g a t i v e p r e s s u r e a nd v e n t ed t o a c o n t r o l d e v i ce A N ET . These source of

fugitive emissions include the smelting furnaces, smelting

furnace charging areas, lead taps, slag taps, molds during

tapping, battery breakers, refining kettles, casting areas,

dryers, material handling areas and areas where dust from

fabric filters, sweepings or used fabric filters are

processed. The facilities are also required to adopt a list

of specified work practice standards to minimize fugitive

emissions.

2. Organic HAP E missions S tandards

To satisfy CAA sections 112(d)(2) and 112(d)(3), we are also

revising the existing MACT standard to include first-time D/F and THC

emission limits (with THC serving as a surrogate for non-dioxin

organic HAP). These emission limits are summarized in Table 3 of this

preamble.

Table 3. Summary of new THC and D/F emission limits.

Source Type D/F Emission

Limit 1 THC Emission

Limit 2

New and Existing Collocated Blast

and Reverberatory Furnaces 0.50 20 3

Existing Blast Furnaces 170 360 3

New Blast Furnaces 10 70 3

New and Existing Reverberatory and

Electric Furnaces 1.0 12

1 ng/dscm on a TEQ basis, corrected to 7% O

2

2 ppmv as propane, corrected to 4% CO 2

3 Emission limit is unchanged from 1997 NESHAP

3. Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia

Circuit vacated portions of two provisions in the EPA’s CAA Section

112 regulations governing the emissions of HAP during periods of

startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM). S ierra Club v. EPA

, 551 F.3d

1019 (D.C. Cir. 2008), cert. denied, 130 S. Ct. 1735 (U.S. 2010).

Specifically, the court vacated the SSM exemption contained in 40 CFR

63.6(f)(1) and 40 CFR 63.6(h)(1), that was part of a regulation,

commonly referred to as the “General Provisions Rule,” that the EPA

promulgated under section 112 of the CAA. When incorporated into CAA

section 112(d) regulations for specific source categories, these two

provisions exempted sources from the requirement to comply with the

otherwise applicable CAA section 112(d) emission standard during

periods of SSM.

We have eliminated the SSM exemption in this rule. Consistent

with Sierra Club v. EPA

, the EPA has established standards in this

rule for all periods of operation. We have also revised Table 1 to

subpart X (the General Provisions table) in several respects. For

example, we have eliminated that incorporation of the General

Provisions’ requirement that the source develop an SSM plan. We have

also eliminated or revised certain recordkeeping and reporting that

related to the SSM exemption. The EPA has attempted to ensure that we

have not included in the regulatory language any provisions that are

inappropriate, unnecessary or redundant in the absence of the SSM

exemption.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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In establishing the standards in this rule, the EPA has taken

into account startup and shutdown periods and, for the reasons

explained below, has established different standards for non-dioxin

organic HAP during those periods.

Information on periods of startup and shutdown in the industry

indicate that lead emissions during these periods do not increase

(consistent with engineering judgment that lead emissions would not

increase during these periods because lead-bearing feed is not being

smelted during these periods). Furthermore, all lead-emitting

processes are controlled by either control devices or work practices

and these controls would not typically be affected by startup or

shutdown. Therefore, the EPA is not adopting separate lead-emission

standards for periods of startup and shutdown.

However, the EPA has revised this final rule to require sources

to meet a work practice standard that requires the development of

standard operating procedures designed to minimize emissions of THC

for each start-up and shutdown scenario anticipated for all units

subject to THC limits. Temperature monitoring is the metric used to

determine continuous compliance with emission standards for THC and

dioxins. This metric is inappropriate as a measure of the destruction

efficiency of these organic pollutants during periods of startup and

shutdown.

The EPA is not including a standard for dioxins and furans during

periods of startup and shutdown. This is because dioxins and furans***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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will not be emitted during those periods. During startup and

shutdown, scrap feed materials (including chlorinated plastics and

flame retardants) that contain the precursors needed for dioxin

formation are not introduced into the smelter so there are no

conditions that could give rise to dioxin and furan emissions.

The EPA determined that it is not technically and economically

feasible for units subject to THC limits to perform stack testing for

this pollutant during periods of startup and shutdown due to technical

and economic impracticality associated with testing secondary lead

smelting furnaces during these periods. The furnaces are heated during

periods of startup through slow feeding of natural gas and small

amounts of coke, with no lead acid batteries fed to the furnace during

these periods. Test crews would have to be on-site prior to a period

of startup or shutdown occurring and may need to break up a single

test over multiple startups or shutdowns, the length of which could

vary depending on the type of secondary lead smelting furnace being

tested, that would happen infrequently to gather enough data to

complete a three run test.

Periods of startup, normal operations, and shutdown are all

predictable and routine aspects of a source’s operations. However, by

contrast, malfunction is defined as a “sudden, infrequent and not

reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control and monitoring

equipment, process equipment or a process to operate in a normal or

usual manner * * * ”(40 CFR 63.2). The EPA has determined that CAA***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 19 of 183

section 112 does not require that emissions that occur during periods

of malfunction be factored into development of CAA section 112

standards. Under section 112, emissions standards for new sources must

be no less stringent than the level “achieved” by the best controlled

similar source and for existing sources generally must be no less

stringent than the average emission limitation “achieved” by the best

performing 12 percent of sources in the category. There is nothing in

section 112 that directs the agency to consider malfunctions in

determining the level “achieved” by the best performing or best

controlled sources when setting emission standards. Moreover, while

the EPA accounts for variability in setting emissions standards

consistent with the section 112 case law, nothing in that case law

requires the agency to consider malfunctions as part of that analysis.

Section 112 uses the concept of “best controlled” and “best

performing” unit in defining the level of stringency that section 112

performance standards must meet. Applying the concept of “best

controlled” or “best performing” to a unit that is malfunctioning

presents significant difficulties, as malfunctions are sudden and

unexpected events.

Further, accounting for malfunctions would be difficult, if not

impossible, given the myriad different types of malfunctions that can

occur across all sources in the category and given the difficulties

associated with predicting or accounting for the frequency, degree and

duration of various malfunctions that might occur. As such, the***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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performance of units that are malfunctioning is not “reasonably”

foreseeable. See, e.g., Sierra Club v EPA , 167 F. 3d 658, 662

(D.C.Cir. 1999) (EPA typically has wide latitude in determining the

extent of data-gathering necessary to solve a problem.) We generally

defer to an agency's decision to proceed on the basis of imperfect

scientific information, rather than to "invest the resources to

conduct the perfect study."). See also, Weyerhaeuser v Costle , 590

F.2d 1011, 1058 (D.C. Cir. 1978) (“ In the nature of things, no

general limit, individual permit, or even any upset provision can

anticipate all upset situations. After a certain point, the

transgression of regulatory limits caused by ‘uncontrollable acts of

third parties,’ such as strikes, sabotage, operator intoxication or

insanity, and a variety of other eventualities, must be a matter for

the administrative exercise of case-by-case enforcement discretion,

not for specification in advance by regulation.”). In addition, the

goal of a best controlled or best performing source is to operate in

such a way as to avoid malfunctions of the source and accounting for

malfunctions could lead to standards that are significantly less

stringent than levels that are achieved by a well-performing nonmalfunctioning source. The EPA’s approach to malfunctions is

consistent with section 112 and is a reasonable interpretation of the

statute. In Section IV.G of this preamble, we respond to comments that

emissions during malfunctions should be accounted for in assessing

risk pursuant to CAA section 112 (f)(2).***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 21 of 183

In the event that a source fails to comply with the applicable

CAA section 112(d) standards as a result of a malfunction event, the

EPA would determine an appropriate response based on, among other

things, the good faith efforts of the source to minimize emissions

during malfunction periods, including preventative and corrective

actions, as well as root cause analyses to ascertain and rectify

excess emissions. The EPA would also consider whether the source's

failure to comply with the CAA section 112(d) standard was, in fact,

“sudden, infrequent, not reasonably preventable” and was not instead

“caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation.” 40 CFR

63.2 (definition of malfunction).

Finally, the EPA recognizes that even equipment that is properly

designed and maintained can sometimes fail and that such failure can

sometimes cause an exceedance of the relevant emission standard. ( See,

e.g., State Implementation Plans: Policy Regarding Excessive

Emissions During Malfunctions, Startup and Shutdown (September 20,

1999); Policy on Excess Emissions During Startup, Shutdown,

Maintenance and M alfunctions (February 15, 1983).) The EPA is

therefore adding to the final rule an affirmative defense to civil

penalties for exceedances of emission limits that are caused by

malfunctions. See 40 CFR 63.542 (defining “affirmative defense” to

mean, in the context of an enforcement proceeding, a response or

defense put forward by a defendant, regarding which the defendant has

the burden of proof, and the merits of which are independently and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 22 of 183

objectively evaluated in a judicial or administrative proceeding). We

also have added other regulatory provisions to specify the elements

that are necessary to establish this affirmative defense; the source

must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that it has met all of

the elements set forth in 63.552. (See 40 CFR 22.24). The criteria

ensure that the affirmative defense is available only where the event

that causes an exceedance of the emission limit meets the narrow

definition of malfunction in 40 CFR 63.2 (sudden, infrequent, not

reasonable preventable and not caused by poor maintenance and or

careless operation). For example, to successfully assert the

affirmative defense, the source must prove by a preponderance of the

evidence that excess emissions “[w]ere caused by a sudden, infrequent,

and unavoidable failure of air pollution control and monitoring

equipment, process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or

usual manner....” The criteria also are designed to ensure that steps

are taken to correct the malfunction, to minimize emissions in

accordance with 40 CFR 63.552 and to prevent future malfunctions. For

example, the source must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that

“[r]epairs were made as expeditiously as possible when the applicable

emission limitations were being exceeded...” and that “[a]ll possible

steps were taken to minimize the impact of the excess emissions on

ambient air quality, the environment and human health....” In any

judicial or administrative proceeding, the Administrator may challenge

the assertion of the affirmative defense and, if the respondent has***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 23 of 183

not met its burden of proving all of the requirements in the

affirmative defense, appropriate penalties may be assessed in

accordance with CAA section 113 (see also 40 CFR 22.27).

The EPA is including an affirmative defense in the final rule in

an attempt to balance a tension, inherent in many types of air

regulations, to ensure adequate compliance while simultaneously

recognizing that despite the most diligent of efforts, emission limits

may be exceeded under circumstances beyond the control of the source.

The EPA must establish emission standards that “limit the quantity,

rate, or concentration of emissions of air pollutants on a continuous

basis.” 42 U.S.C. § 7602(k)(defining “emission limitation and emission

standard”). See generally Sierra Club v. EPA , 551 F.3d 1019, 1021

(D.C. Cir. 2008). Thus, the EPA is required to ensure that section 112

emissions limitations are continuous. The affirmative defense for

malfunction events meets this requirement by ensuring that even where

there is a malfunction, the emission limitation is still enforceable

through injunctive relief. While “continuous” limitations, on the one

hand, are required, there is also case law indicating that in many

situations it is appropriate for the EPA to account for the practical

realities of technology. For example, in Essex Chemical v.

Ruckelshaus , 486 F.2d 427, 433 (D.C. Cir. 1973), the D.C. Circuit

acknowledged that in setting standards under CAA section 111 “variant

provisions” such as provisions allowing for upsets during startup,

shutdown and equipment malfunction “appear necessary to preserve the***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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reasonableness of the standards as a whole and that the record does

not support the ‘never to be exceeded’ standard currently in force.”

See also, Portland Cement Association v. Ruckelshaus , 486 F.2d 375

(D.C.Cir. 1973). Though intervening caselaw such as Sierra Club v. EPA

and the CAA 1977 amendments undermine the relevance of these cases

today, they support the EPA’s view that a system that incorporates

some level of flexibility is reasonable. The affirmative defense

simply provides for a defense to civil penalties for excess emissions

that are proven to be beyond the control of the source. By

incorporating an affirmative defense, the EPA has formalized its

approach to upset events. In a Clean Water Act setting, the Ninth

Circuit required this type of formalized approach when regulating

“upsets beyond the control of the permit holder.” Marathon Oil Co. v.

EPA , 564 F.2d 1253, 1272-73 (9 th Cir. 1977). But see Weyerhaeuser Co.

v. Costle , 590 F.2d 1011, 1057-58 (D.C. Cir. 1978) (holding that an

informal approach is adequate). The affirmative defense provisions

give the EPA the flexibility to both ensure that its emission

limitations are “continuous” as required by 42 U.S.C. § 7602(k) and

account for unplanned upsets and thus support the reasonableness of

the standard as a whole.

B

. What are the effective and compliance dates of the stand ards?

The revisions to the MACT standards being promulgated in this

action are effective on [INSERT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THIS

FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ]. For the MACT standards being***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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addressed in this action, the compliance date for the revised SSM

requirements is the effective date of the standards, [INSERT THE

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THIS FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ]. The

compliance date for existing sources for the revised stack lead

emission limit and the revised fugitive emission standard including

the requirement to adopt work practice standards and install total

enclosures for specified process fugitive emission sources, and for

the new D/F and THC emission limits, is 2 years from the effective

date of the standard, [INSERT THE DATE 2 YEAR S AFTER THE DATE OF

PUBLICATION OF THIS FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ]. New sources

must comply with the standard immediately upon the effective date of

the standard, [INSERT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THIS FINAL RULE IN

THE FEDERAL REGISTER ], or upon startup, whichever is later.

C. What are the requirements for submission of performance test data

to the EPA ?

In this action, as a step to increase the ease and efficiency of

data submittal and improve data accessibility, the EPA is requiring

the electronic submittal of select performance test data.

Specifically, the EPA is requiring owners and operators of secondary

lead smelting facilities to submit electronic copies of performance

test reports required under 40 CFR 63.543 to the EPA’s WebFIRE

database. The WebFIRE database was constructed to store performance

test data for use in developing emission factors. A description of the

WebFIRE database is available at***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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http://cfpub.epa.gov/oarweb/index.cfm?action=fire.main

.

The EPA must have performance test data to conduct effective

reviews of CAA sections 112 and 129 standards, as well as for many

other purposes including compliance determinations, emission factor

development, and annual emission rate determinations. In conducting

these required reviews, the EPA has found it ineffective and time

consuming, not only for us, but also for other regulatory agencies and

for source owners and operators, to locate, collect and submit

performance test data because of varied locations for data storage and

varied data storage methods. In recent years, though, stack testing

firms have typically collected performance test data in electronic

format, making it possible to move to an electronic data submittal

system that would increase the ease and efficiency of data submittal

and improve data accessibility.

One major advantage of submitting performance test data through

the ERT is a standardized method to compile and store much of the

documentation required to be reported by this rule. Another advantage

is that the ERT clearly states what testing information would be

required. Another important benefit of submitting these data to the

EPA at the time the source test is conducted is that it should

substantially reduce the effort involved in data collection activities

in the future. When the EPA has performance test data in hand, there

will likely be fewer or less substantial data collection requests in

conjunction with prospective required residual risk assessments or***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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technology reviews. This results in a reduced burden on both affected

facilities (in terms of reduced labor to respond to data collection

requests) and the EPA (in terms of preparing and distributing data

collection requests and assessing the results).

State, local, and tribal agencies can also benefit from a more

streamlined and accurate review of electronic data submitted to them.

The ERT allows for an electronic review process rather than a manual

data assessment making review and evaluation of the data and

calculations easier and more efficient.

As mentioned above, data entry will be through an electronic

emissions test report structure called the Electronic Reporting Tool

(ERT). The ERT will generate an electronic report which will be

submitted using the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface

(CEDRI). The submitted report is transmitted through the EPA’s Central

Data Exchange (CDX) network for storage in the WebFIRE database making

submittal of data very straightforward and easy. A description of the

ERT can be found at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/index.html and

CEDRI can be accessed through the CDX website ( www.epa.gov/cdx ).

The requirement to submit performance test data electronically to

the EPA does not create any additional performance testing and would

apply only to those performance tests conducted using test methods

that are supported by the ERT. The ERT contains a specific electronic

data entry form for most of the commonly used EPA reference methods. A

listing of the pollutants and test methods supported by the ERT is***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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available at http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/index.html . We believe

that industry will benefit from this new electronic data submittal

requirement. Having these data, the EPA will be able to develop

improved emission factors, make fewer information requests, and

promulgate better regulations. The information to be reported is

already required for the existing test methods and is necessary to

evaluate the conformance to the test method.

Finally, another benefit of submitting data to WebFIRE

electronically is that these data will greatly improve the overall

quality of the existing and new emission factors by supplementing

the pool of emissions test data for establishing emissions factors

and by ensuring that the factors are more representative of current

industry operational procedures. A common complaint heard from

industry and regulators is that emission factors are outdated or not

representative of a particular source category. With timely receipt

and incorporation of data from most performance tests, the EPA will

be able to ensure that emission factors, when updated, represent the

most current range of operational practices. In summary, in addition

to supporting regulation development, control strategy development,

and other air pollution control activities, having an electronic

database populated with performance test data will save industry,

state, local, tribal agencies, and the EPA significant time, money,

and effort while improving the quality of emission inventories and,

as a result, air quality regulations.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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IV. Summary of Significant Changes Since Proposal

A

. Changes to the R isk A ssessment P erformed U nder CAA Section 112(f)

In the proposed rulemaking, the EPA presented a number of options

for additional controls on the Secondary Lead Smelting source

category. In that notice, the EPA solicited comment on the proposed

options as well as on all of the analyses and data upon which the

options were based, including the risk methods and results presented

in the draft document: Draft Residual Risk Assessment for the

Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category

.

During the public comment period for the proposed rule, several

parties submitted comments and suggested revisions regarding the

emissions used for the risk assessment, and also submitted other

information relevant to the risk assessment (see docket number: EPA-HQOAR-2011-0344 for all public comments). After considering these

submissions, the EPA revised its analyses. Revised methods, model

inputs, and risk results are presented in the report: Residual Risk

Assessment for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category

, which is

available in the docket for this rulemaking. In addition, a discussion

of the updated emissions information used in the final risk assessment

can be found in the memorandum titled: Development of the RTR

Emissions Dataset for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category

,

which can also be found in the docket for this rulemaking.

Considering the updated emissions information received during the

public comment period for the proposed rule, our final risk analysis***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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2 V a l u e s o f 1 o r l e s s i n th e l a s

t c o l u m n i nd i c

a t e t h a t m o d e l e d l e a d c

o n c e nt r a t i o n s a r e a t o r b e l o

w t h e N A AQS f

o r l e ad estimates that the NAAQS for lead, used in this rule as a measure of

acceptable risk from air-borne lead emissions, could be exceeded at 9

of 15 facilities, largely due to fugitive dust emissions (see Table

4) AN ET . This analysis also estimates that 3-month maximum lead

concentrations from a secondary lead smelter could be up to about 20

times the NAAQS for lead. While there are uncertainties associated

with estimating fugitive emissions, we find that the methodology used

in this rulemaking provided reasonable estimates when generally

compared well with the more thorough estimates submitted via the ICR.

See Development of the RTR Emissions Dataset for the Secondary Lead

Smelting Source Category , available in docket ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-

0344, for a presentation of the data submitted via our methodology

compared to data submitted via the ICR and TRI reported data.

Table 4 - Secondary Lead Smelting Facility Modeled Maximum Ambient Lead

Concentrations Considering Actual Emissions 2

(rolling 3-month average values)

Facility Name City State Highest

Modeled Lead

Concentration

(μg/m 3 ) AN ET Concentration

is X times the

NAAQS

DOE RUN COMPANYBUICK MILL BOSS MO 2.38 20

SANDERS LEAD CO TROY AL 2.16 10

EXIDE CORPORATIO N VERNON CA 1.14 8

BATTERY RECYCLING

CO. ARECIBO PR 0.76 5***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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GULF COAST

RECYCLING, INC. TAMPA FL 0.38 3

EXIDE TECHNOLOGIESCANON HOLLOW PLANT FOREST CITY MO 0.47 3

GOPHER RESOURCE

CORP EAGAN MN 0.35 2

FRISCO BATTERY

RECYCLING FRISCO TX 0.32 2

EXIDE TECH/READING

SMELTER READING PA 0.25 2

QUEMETCO INC INDUSTRY CA 0.17 1

EXIDE TECHNOLOGIE S MUNCIE IN 0.15 1

EXIDE

TECHNOLOGIES/B R

SMELTER BATON ROUGE LA 0.14 1

REVERE SMELTING &

REFINING CORP MIDDLETOWN NY 0.10 0.7

QUEMETCO, INC. INDIANAPOLIS IN 0.07 0.5

EAST PENN MFG CO

INC/SMELTER PLT LYON STATION PA 0.02 0.1

We also note that there were changes to our cancer, acute, and

PB-HAP multipathway case study analyses (see section 3.4 of the risk

assessment document) for non-lead HAP as a result of the updated risk

assessment performed for the final rule. With respect to our updated

cancer risk assessment, we estimate that the maximum individual risk

(MIR) of cancer due to actual emissions is 50 in a million

predominantly due to fugitive dust emissions of arsenic and cadmium***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 32 of 183

(as compared to the analysis at proposal of risk of 50 in a million

but based on a different secondary lead facility); the MIR due to MACT

allowable emissions remains 200 in a million predominantly from stack

emissions of arsenic. In addition, the updated worst-case acute hazard

quotient (HQ) value is 20 at two facilities (based on the REL for

arsenic; the REL is the only available acute health benchmark value

for arsenic. All other pollutants had HQ values less than or equal to

1), driven by both stack and fugitive dust emissions of arsenic (as

compared to analysis at proposal of an acute HQ value of 30 based on

the REL for arsenic at one facility driven by emissions from stacks).

Finally, the risk assessment supporting the final rulemaking estimates

that the cancer MIR values from both multipathway case study analyses

(i.e., in Frisco, TX and Middletown, NY; see section 3.2 of the final

risk assessment document) are less than 1 in a million (as compared to

an estimated multipathway MIR of 30-in a million and less than 1-in a

million in the Frisco, TX and Middletown, NY multipathway case study

analyses for the proposed rule). Notably, the reduction in

multipathway risks resulted from updated emissions information

received during the public comment period with respect to these

facilities.

Taking into account all the results of the final risk assessment,

and similar to the proposed rulemaking, we conclude that risks due to

emissions from this source category are unacceptable. Our conclusion

is primarily based on risk from exposure to air-borne lead emissions***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 33 of 183

3 F o r a l l f a c i l i t i e s

, th e p e r c e nt c o nt r i but i o n o f f

u g i t i v e a n d s t a c k e m i ss i o n s t o m o d e l e d a m b i e n t l e a d c o n c e nt r a t i o n s h a s o n l y

b ee n e s t i m a t e d f o r th e m o d e l r

e c e pt o r r e p r e s e nt i n g th e

s i t e o f m ax i m u m l e a d i m p a c

t

. but also considers other risk metrics such as cancer and non-cancer

risks associated with actual and allowable stack emissions. As

mentioned above, fugitive dust emissions cause modeled concentrations

of lead above the lead NAAQS at 9 of 15 facilities. At 8 of these 9

facilities, fugitive dust emissions account for about 94 to 99% of the

estimated 3-month maximum lead concentrations. At the remaining

facility, fugitive dust emissions account for about 80% of the 3-month

maximum lead concentration, while emissions from stacks account for

the remainder. 3 Allowable stack emissions of lead also cause modeled

concentrations exceeding the NAAQS and allowable stack emissions of

other HAP metals cause cancer risks of 200 in a million. Thus, we note

that stack and fugitive emissions AN ET of lead must be reduced to assure

that lead concentrations in ambient air beyond the facility fenceline

are acceptable – that is, do not exceed the lead NAAQS (the measure of

risk acceptability for exposure to air-borne lead in this rule). To

provide acceptable levels of risk with an ample margin of safety, we

are finalizing the requirement that secondary lead smelting facilities

must operate the following fugitive dust emissions sources within

total enclosures that must be maintained at negative pressure at all

times and vented to a control device designed to capture lead

particulate: smelting furnaces, smelting furnace charging areas, lead

taps, slag taps, molds during tapping, battery breakers, refining

kettles, casting areas, dryers, material handling areas, and areas***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 34 of 183

w h e r e du s t f

r o m f a b r i c f ilt e r s

, s w e e p i ng s

, o r u s e d f a b r i c f ilt e r s a r e p r o ce s s e d

. AN ET However, as

described in Section IV.C of this preamble, based on public comments,

we are not adopting the proposed alternative to demonstrate compliance

by monitoring lead at or near the property boundary based on a 3-month

rolling average in lieu of constructing total enclosures. See 76 FR at

29056. We are finalizing the proposed requirement for facilities to

conduct fugitive emission work practices as well as to enclose

fugitive emission sources. However, as described in Section IV.C of

this preamble, we are promulgating a revised list of required work

practices based on a number of comments received regarding the

necessity, efficacy, and safety of the work practices which the EPA

proposed.

We are also finalizing the requirement limiting stack lead

emissions to 0.2 mg/dscm as a facility-wide emissions average and

limiting stack lead emissions from any single stack to 1.0 mg/dscm as

proposed.

B. Changes to the T echnology R eview P erformed U nder C onducted P ursuant

to CAA Section 112(d )( 6)

Based on the technology review under CAA section 112(d)(6), the

EPA proposed to change the stack lead emission limits from 2.0 mg/dscm

for any individual stack to a facility-wide, flow-weighted average

emission limit of 0.20 mg/dscm with a limit of 1.0 mg/dscm applicable

to any individual stack. The proposed limit was based on emissions

data collected from industry, which indicated that well-performing***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 35 of 183

baghouses currently used by much of the industry are capable of

achieving outlet lead concentrations significantly lower than the

limit of 2.0 mg/dscm adopted in the 1997 MACT standard. We have

considered the public comment AN ET s on this issue and are adopting the

limits as proposed.

Under CAA section 112(d)(6), we also proposed a fugitive emission

standard requiring operation of the following process fugitive

emission sources in total enclosures that are maintained under

negative pressure at all times and vented to a control device:

smelting furnaces, smelting furnace charging areas, lead taps, slag

taps, and molds during charging, battery breakers, refining kettles,

casting areas, dryers, agglomerating furnaces and agglomerating

furnace product taps, material handling areas for any lead bearing

materials, and areas where dust from fabric filters, sweepings, or

used fabric filters are processed. This proposed requirement was based

on information collected from the industry that indicated that several

operating facilities currently enclose most or all of their process

fugitive emission sources, and that the ambient lead concentrations

near these facilities are significantly lower than those facilities

that do not have enclosures. We have considered the public comments on

this issue, and have decided to adopt the requirements largely as

proposed. This requirement is identical to that adopted to eliminate

unacceptable risk for fugitive emissions pursuant to CAA section 112

(f)(2). However, as described in Section IV.C of this preamble, based***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 36 of 183

on public comments, we are not adopting the proposed alternative to

demonstrate compliance by monitoring lead at or near their property

boundary based on a 3-month rolling average in lieu of constructing

total enclosures. See 76 FR at 29056. We are finalizing the proposed

requirement for facilities to conduct fugitive emission work practices

as well as to enclose fugitive emission sources. However, as described

in Section IV.C of this preamble, we are promulgating a revised list

of required work practices based on a number of comments received

regarding the necessity, efficacy, and safety of the work practices

which the EPA proposed.

We are also finalizing the requirement limiting stack lead

emissions to 0.2 mg/dscm as a facility-wide emissions average and

limiting stack lead emissions from any single stack to 1.0 mg/dscm as

proposed.

We note that although we have adopted the same standards under

both CAA sections 112(f)(2) and 112(d)(6), these standards rest on

independent statutory authorities and independent rationales.

Consequently, these standards remain independent and legally

severable. AN ET

C

. O t h e r Ch a ng e s S i n c e P ropo s al

We received over 30 public comments on the proposed rule. After

considering these comments, we are making the following additional

changes to the proposal. The rationale for these and any other

significant changes can be found in this preamble and in the comment***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 37 of 183

response document available in the docket.

Stack Emission Limits 1.

The EPA is not adopting numerical limits for THC and D/F •

emissions from rotary furnaces pending further data-gathering and

analysis for this furnace type.

The EPA is adding a limit for THC and D/F for collocated blast •

and reverberatory furnaces when the reverberatory furnace is not

operating for units constructed after June 9, 1994, and is

correcting the D/F limits for blast furnaces for units that

commenced construction after June 9, 1994. We also added a THC

and D/F limit for blast furnaces that commence construction or

reconstruction after May 19, 2011.

Definitions 2.

Definitions have been added for “affected source” and “new •

source” to clarify when the standards for new sources would

apply.

A definition of “lead-bearing material” has been added to the •

rule to clarify requirements for enclosures and work practices

for fugitive emissions.

The definition of “material storage and handling” has been •

revised to exclude transfer of raw materials in enclosed

containers.

The definition of “plant roadway” has been revised to exclude •***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 38 of 183

roadways inside total enclosures.

The definition of “process vent” has been revised to specify that •

it includes only vents from lead processing equipment and from

buildings containing lead bearing material.

Definitions for “leeward,” “windward,” and “natural draft •

opening” have been added to the rule to clarify the differential

pressure and monitoring requirements and the requirement to

maintain an inward flow of air through enclosure openings.

The definition of “total enclosure” was modified by specifically •

including modified text from 40 CFR 265.1101 and EPA method 204

“Criteria for and Verification of a Permanent or Temporary Total

Enclosure” rather than citing the reference to the requirements

for a hazardous waste containment area. We also clarified the

requirement for total enclosures to be vented to a control device

designed to capture lead particulates.

Enclosure Requirements 3.

The proposed requirement to maintain an in-draft velocity of 300 •

feet per minute at enclosure openings (see 76 FR at 29072) was

replaced with a requirement to maintain an inward flow of air

through all natural draft openings.

The proposed requirement for a back-up power source for the •

differential pressure monitors required for the total enclosures

(see 76 FR at 29077) was eliminated, and a reporting requirement***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 39 of 183

was added to identify periods when the power was lost to the

monitoring system.

The proposed rule (see 76 FR at 29072) has been modified to •

clarify that activities required for inspection of fabric filters

and maintenance of filters that are in need of removal and

replacement are not required to be conducted inside of total

enclosures.

Lead ingot product handling, storm water and wastewater •

treatment, intact battery storage areas, and clean battery casing

plastic handling activities are not subject to the total

enclosure requirement.

Fugitive Emission Work Practice Requirements 4.

The proposed maintenance requirements (see 76 FR at 29073) have •

been modified to allow emergency repairs of ductwork or structure

leaks to occur outside of enclosures if the time to construct a

temporary enclosure would exceed the time to make a temporary or

permanent repair. The proposed rule has been modified to extend

the deadline for required maintenance and repair on total

enclosures to one week after identification any gaps, breaks,

separations, leak points or other possible routes for emissions

of lead to the atmosphere. The final rule also clarifies that

once an item that is not otherwise subject to total enclosure

requirements has been cleaned, its maintenance is no longer

subject to the enclosure requirement.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 40 of 183

The rule has been edited to allow for existing control devices to •

treat the ventilation from temporary enclosures constructed for

maintenance purposes if the device and its permit account for

increased airflow and emissions for this activity.

The roof washing proposed work practice (see 76 FR at 29073) has •

been removed from the list of required fugitive emission work

practices.

The specific proposed water application rate of 0.48 gallons per •

square yard (see 76 FR at 29073) has been removed from the road

washing requirement.

The proposed battery storage area inspection frequency (see 76 FR •

at 29073) has been changed from twice per day to twice per week.

The proposed requirement to collect wash water in a container •

that is not open to the atmosphere (see 76 FR at 29073) has been

removed.

The proposed rule (see 76 FR at 29073) has been revised to •

clarify that lead-bearing dust must be collected and transported

within closed conveyor systems or in sealed, lead-proof

containers while other lead bearing material must be contained

and covered in a manner that prevents spillage or dust formation.

The proposed requirement for cleaning after an accidental release •

(see 76 FR at 29073) has been clarified to include only those

releases that exceed the CERCLA reportable quantity for lead***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 41 of 183

(e.g., 10 pounds).

Testing and monitoring requirements 5.

The performance testing requirements (see 76 FR at 29074) have •

been modified to allow facilities to use EPA Method 12 or Method

29 for lead compounds.

A provision was added allowing for biannual testing of lead •

compounds and THC for sources that demonstrate concentrations

that are less than 50 percent of the applicable limit. AN ET

An exemption was provided for THC testing if a facility has a •

CEMS installed for THC.

The time between D/F testing (see 76 FR at 29072) was changed •

from once every 5 years to once every 6 years, in anticipation

that most facilities would be on a biannual testing schedule for

lead and THC, and this schedule would allow coordination of the

two required tests.

The conditions for the performance tests (see 76 FR at 29072) •

were changed from “under such conditions as the Administrator

specifies...” to “maximum representative operating conditions for

the process”.

The EPA also added a provision stating that sources which operate •

a HEPA filter or WESP system downstream of a primary particulate

(lead) control device are not subject to a bag leak detection

system (BLDS) requirement.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 42 of 183

Other changes 6.

A provision was added for sources to develop procedures to •

minimize emissions of THC limits during periods of startup and

shutdown.

We modified the proposed plastic separation work practice •

requirement (see 76 FR at 29072) to include only plastic battery

casing materials from automotive batteries (which comprise the

vast majority of input plastics).

The proposed recordkeeping and reporting requirements were •

revised to be consistent with the other changes made to the rule.

A red-line version of the regulatory language incorporating the

changes in this action is available in the docket. Additionally, a

summary of the public comments that are not in the preamble can be

found in the comment response document available in the docket.

V. Summary of Significant Comments and Responses

A. Use of lead primary NAAQS as a measure of acceptability of risk

for public health

Comment: A number of commenters from the environmental community

challenged the use of the lead primary NAAQS as a measure of

acceptable risk for public health, and further challenged whether the

lead NAAQS (primary) provided an ample margin of safety given that

primary NAAQS provide an “adequate” rather than “ample” margin of

safety. The commenters assert that the EPA simply assumed that the

lead primary NAAQS was a legitimate measure of acceptable risk, and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 43 of 183

4 “ W h i l e a du l t s a r e s u s c e p t i b l e t o P b e ff e c t s a t l o w e r b l oo d P

b l e v e l s th a n p r

e v i o u s l y und e r s t o o d...

, th e g r e a t e r i n f l u e n c e o f

p a s t e x p o s u r e s o n th e i r c

u r r e nt b l oo d P

b l e v e l s

... l e a d s u s t

o g i v e g r e a t e r p r o m i n e n c e t o c h i l d r e n a s th e s e n s i t i v e

s ubp o pu l a t i o n i n t h i s r

e v i e w

. C h i l d r e n a r e a t i n c r e a s e d r i s k o f P b

- r e l a t e d h e a l th e f

f e c t s du e t o v a r i o u s f a c t o r th a t e nh a n c

e that this assumption is unwarranted. These commenters’ main argument

is that “the CAA requirements for the level of a NAAQS are different

from the standard for residual risk. What is acceptable at the

population level is not necessarily acceptable at the community

level.” More specifically, the commenters assert that “EPA must set a

standard for those people living near facilities subject to the MACT

who were left with insufficient protection... It is these specific

communities near the facilities and the children living in these

communities, and not a broad U.S. sub-population, that must be

protected... The fact is that the lead NAAQS does not sufficiently

protect people living near secondary lead smelters.”

Response: The commenter is mistaken both that the EPA applied the

lead primary NAAQS unthinkingly as a measure of acceptable risk, and

further mistaken in its argument that the primary lead NAAQS is an

inappropriate measure of risk acceptability (for lead) here because

(according to the commenter) it is not designed to, and does not

protect sensitive populations living near secondary lead smelters.

First, the lead NAAQS primary standard targets protection to the most

susceptible group in the human population – children – and is designed

to protect against adverse effects to children’s most sensitive organ

system – the developing neurological system. See 73 FR at 66975,

66976. 4 Second, the primary NAAQS for lead is specifically targeted***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 44 of 183

th e i r e x p o s

u r e s ) e

. g

. , v i a t h e h a nd

- t

o

- m o ut h a c

t i v i ty t h a t i s p r

e v a l e nt i n v e r y y o un g c h i l d r e n

... ) a nd s u s c e pt i b i l i ty

. ” 73 F R a t

66975

. W i th r e g a r d t o n e u r o l o g i c a l e ff e c t s

, th e E P A s t a t e d “ [ a ] m o n g th e w

i d e v a r i e ty o f h e a l t

h e n dp o i n t

s a s s o c i a t e d w i th

P b e x p o s u r e s

, th e r e i s g e n e r a l c o n s e n s u s t h a t th e d e

v e l o p i n g n e r

v o u s s y s t e m i n c h i l d r e n i s a m o n g t

h e

, i f n o t th e

, m o

s t

s e n s i t i v e

. ” 73 F R a t 66976. at those children living near major sources of lead, such as secondary

smelters. See 73 FR at 67002/3 (“in applying the evidence-based

framework, we are focused on a subpopulation of U.S. children, those

living near air sources and more likely to be exposed at the level of

the standard”); to the same effect see 73 FR 67000/3--(“The framework

in effect focuses on the sensitive subpopulation that is the group of

children living near sources and more likely to be exposed at the

level of the standard. The evidence-based framework estimates a mean

air-related IQ loss for this subpopulation of children; it does not

estimate a mean for all U.S. children”;). 73 FR 67005/1--(“the airrelated IQ loss framework provides estimates for the mean air-related

IQ loss of a subset of the population of U.S. children, and there are

uncertainties associated with those estimates. It provides estimates

for that subset of children likely to be exposed to the level of the

standard, which is generally expected to be the subpopulation of

children living near sources who are likely to be most highly

exposed.”)

The commenter further maintains that the primary lead NAAQS is an

inappropriate measure of acceptability of risk “because it ignores the

cumulative, long-term impacts to individuals in the local affected

communities from prior lead emissions”. This again is incorrect.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 45 of 183

First, as part of the Risk and Exposure Assessment supporting the lead

primary NAAQS, the EPA assessed the IQ loss associated with the

cumulative environmental impact of long-term emissions in communities

living near stationary sources of Pb emissions, specifically Pb

smelters. See Lead Human Exposure and Health Risk Assessments for

Selected Case Studies; Volume I Human Exposure and Health Risk

Assessments 00 Full Scale; and Volume II: Appendices ((USEPA, 2007)

(Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park,

NC EPA-432/R-07-014a and EPA-452/R-07-014b; see also 73 FR 66979-

66983. The Risk and Exposure Assessment assessed exposure to Pb from

the inhalation route as well as the multiple air-related ingestion

pathways. Although the EPA relied primarily upon the evidence-based

framework (i.e. epidemiological studies and related information) in

developing the lead primary NAAQS, the EPA nonetheless found the airrelated Pb risk estimates from the Risk and Exposure Assessment to be

generally supportive of that scientific evidence. 73 FR at 67003-04.

Equally important, the greatest risk per unit Pb in blood is

faced by those children with lower, not higher, blood lead levels.

Thus, “[m]ultiple epidemiologic studies of Pb and child development

have demonstrated inverse association between blood Pb concentrations

and children’s IQ and other cognitive-related outcomes.... The current

evidence... with regard to the quantitative relationship between

neurocognitive decrement, such as IQ, and blood Pb levels indicates

that the slope for Pb effects on IQ is non-linear and is steeper at***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 46 of 183

5 W e a dd t h a t i n r e s p o nd i n g t o th e s e c o m m e n t s

, E P A i s n o t r e c o n s i d e r i n g

, r e o p e n i n g

, o r o th e r

w i s e r e a ss e s s i n g a ny a s p e c t

o f th e l e a d N AAQS (

e i th e r p r i m a r

y o r s e c o nd a r y ). lower blood Pb levels, such that each [mu]g/dL increase in blood Pb

may have a greater effect on IQ at lower blood Pb levels... than at

higher levels.” 73 FR at 66976-77; to the same effect, see 73 FR at

67002, 67004. Consequently, the EPA disagrees with the commenter that

the impacts of air-related exposure will be even greater for children

with significant non-air related Pb exposure. In the case of the child

who experiences significant exposure to Pb due to non-air sources in

addition to ambient air-related Pb exposure (producing a relatively

larger total Pb exposure), the IQ loss for each increment of airrelated Pb exposure will likely be less than it is for a child with

lower total Pb exposure.

Thus, the evidence-based framework used in developing the Pb

NAAQS is focused on children with total Pb exposure closer to the

current U.S. average (than the more highly Pb exposed upper

percentiles of the population), since these children will have greater

response to each increment of air-related Pb exposure than would

children with higher overall blood Pb levels. Other less susceptible

populations, including children with higher blood lead levels due to

past exposures, will necessarily be accorded protection from airrelated Pb as well. 5

We also do not accept the commenter’s argument that a primary

NAAQS is not a suitable measure for assessing acceptability of risk***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 47 of 183

6 T h e c o u r t w a s r e f e r r i n g t o th e p r e d e c e ss o r p r o v i s i o n t o th e c u r r e nt s e c t i o n 112 ( f )

, but i t s a n a l y s i s i s e q u a l l y a pp l i c

a b l e t o

th e r e v i s e d p r o v i s i o n

.

7 I n d ee d

, E P

A ’s ut i l i z a t i o n o f a s

t a nd a r d w h i c h a l s o i n c o r p o r a t e s a n a d e qu a t

e m a r g i n o f s a f e ty t o e v a l u a t e a c c e pt a b i li t y o f

r i s k i s a n a dd e d c

o n s e r v a t i v e (i

. e

. p r o t e c t i v e ) e l e m e nt i n i t

s a pp r oa c h h e r e

. with an ample margin of safety because (the argument goes) a primary

NAAQS is requisite to protect public health with an adequate margin of

safety. First, the EPA is using the lead primary NAAQS as a measure of

acceptability or unacceptability of risk from lead exposure. Thus, to

the extent the commenter’s argument rests on the difference between

‘adequate’ and ‘ample’ margin of safety, the argument is misplaced.

Second, once we determined a level of emissions that results in risks

being acceptable, under the two-step residual risk decision process,

the EPA then considered whether there were additional controls that

might further reduce risk to achieve an ample margin of safety

considering cost and feasibility. See NRDC v. EPA , 902 F. 2d 962. 973

(D.C. Cir.1990)(primary NAAQS considers degree of protection and

margin of safety as a single process, and is not required to conduct

the two-step process (acceptability of risk and margin of safety)

utilized in making residual risk determinations under section 112). 6

Using that framework, with its consideration of costs, costeffectiveness, technological feasibility, and other factors set out in

the Benzene NESHAP, we did not identify any additional controls beyond

those that would need to be implemented to ensure an acceptable level

of risk. 7

In sum, the EPA has reasonably applied the lead primary NAAQS as***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 48 of 183

a measure of evaluating acceptability or unacceptability of risk from

exposure to lead emissions from sources in this category. The lead

primary NAAQS targets protection to children living near these sources

who are exposed at the level of the standard -- the population most

sensitive to the health impacts of these emissions -- and accounts for

multi-pathway exposures to the environmental impacts of long-term

emissions, as well as the differential incremental risk of Pb faced by

populations at different levels of exposure. This reasoned approach is

therefore fully in accord with the requirements of section 112(f)(2).

Additional responses to comments on this issue are found in the

Response to Comment Document for this rulemaking, available in docket

ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0344.

B

. Total Enclosure Requirements

Comment: Several commenters supported a requirement for total

enclosures of enumerated sources of fugitive emissions. Some of those

commenters did not support the alternative that would have allowed

ambient monitoring in lieu of total enclosures.

According to one commenter, “The purpose of establishing emission

standards and control technology regulations is to reduce, by

empirically proven technical means, the release of hazardous air

pollutants into the atmosphere.” The commenter therefore recommended

that the EPA require enclosures in all instances to limit fugitive

emissions.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 49 of 183

According to another commenter, “The non-cancer and cancer risk

reductions associated with total enclosures of all lead bearing

processes to reduce fugitive emissions are clearly demonstrated for

all facilities in the post control scenario contained in the residual

risk assessment. These benefits also have been observed based on our

experience with total enclosures that are under negative pressure and

vented to air pollution controls....The annual geometric mean of lead

measured [in ambient air near the facility] dropped from a high of

0.71 μg/m 3 (1987) to 0.06 μg/m 3 (1993) after all of the point source

and fugitive emission controls were in place. The benefits of

requiring total enclosures as demonstrated by the ambient monitoring

results were clearly apparent to the Department and surrounding

community. Based on that experience, we do not support the alternative

of allowing partial enclosures with an air monitoring requirement

option in this rulemaking.”

Another commenter stated “We do not support allowing partial

enclosures with an air monitoring requirement option, since the total

enclosures have been shown to be extremely effective in reducing

fugitive emissions of lead and the other metal HAPs from these

sources.”

One commenter indicated that neither proposed alternative (total

enclosure or the ambient monitoring alternative) complies with CAA

section 112(d)(6) but did state that “additional health risk

reductions would occur if a facility used total enclosure”. This***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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commenter also stated that the EPA should require total enclosures and

work practice standards beyond those included in the proposed rule to

control fugitive dust emissions of arsenic and cadmium and achieve

reductions in cancer and non-cancer risks from these pollutants.

Alternatively, one commenter disagreed that total enclosure is

the most effective method to reduce emissions. According to the

commenter, “Capturing emissions from secondary lead smelting sources

at the point of emission and controlling such emissions through the

use of baghouses equipped with secondary HEPA filtration systems

represents a better alternative to constructing and maintaining total

enclosures around secondary lead smelting sources.”

Response : As explained at 76 FR 29059 in the proposed rule and

below, the EPA is amending the NESHAP for fugitive emissions of lead

both because these emissions pose an unacceptable risk under section

112 (f) and because it is technically appropriate to do so pursuant to

section 112 (d)(6). With respect to what changes to adopt, we agree

with those commenters who argued that total enclosures maintained

under negative pressure are the most effective means by which to

reduce fugitive emissions. Facilities in this source category that

implement total enclosures as a means of controlling fugitive

emissions are able to achieve significantly lower ambient lead

concentrations near the boundaries of their facilities, as clearly

demonstrated in the Summary of Ambient Lead Monitoring Data Around

Secondary Lead Smelting Facilities document available in docket ID EPA-***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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HQ-OAR-2011-0344. About half of the existing facilities currently have

such full enclosures, and a few other facilities are currently

constructing such enclosures. The prevalence of total enclosures in

the secondary lead smelting source category suggests that this measure

is cost effective and it is clearly technically feasible. There is

more certainty that fugitive emissions are well controlled through the

use of total enclosures than would exist with the proposed alternative

to use fenceline ambient monitoring. The work practice standards in

the final rule have been revised from those proposed to ensure that

there are no requirements that pose safety hazards, are unnecessary to

achieve emission reductions, or result in duplicative burden on

regulated facilities. The work practice standards in the final rule

are already implemented at some of the facilities.

Furthermore, we assumed at proposal that total enclosures would

be required at all facilities regardless of which option they chose.

The facilities that do not operate total enclosures are unlikely to

achieve fenceline ambient concentrations at or below the lead primary

NAAQS. The monitoring data just mentioned and the ICR responses

indicated that the facilities which have totally enclosed their

processes are generally achieving ambient concentrations substantially

lower than those which have not totally enclosed. Since we based our

analysis at proposal on the assumption that all facilities would have

to construct total enclosures and assumed that the rule would impose

those costs on all sources which have not yet installed total***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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enclosures, our cost analysis has already accounted for the cost of

total enclosure. See 76 FR at 29064 and the cost impacts memo that

supported the proposed rule (Docket ID: EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0344-0040 at

page 8). The total enclosure requirements in section 63.544 ensure

that process fugitive emissions sources and other fugitive dust

emissions sources will not generate fugitive emissions that escape the

facility uncontrolled. The work practice standards for process

fugitive emissions sources and fugitive dust emissions sources in

section 63.545 ensure that the sources that fugitive dust is not

generated outside of total enclosures and that fugitive dust generated

inside total enclosures is not carried outside of those enclosures.

We note that one commenter’s statements appear to pertain to

process fugitive emissions from secondary lead smelters that are

captured by enclosure hoods and vented to a control device. We agree

that enclosure hoods near sources of process fugitive emissions (e.g.,

lead taps, charging hoppers, etc.) can be an effective method to

control emissions from these sources. We also recognize that these

devices are important to minimize exposure of workers to lead dust.

However, we note that the enclosure hoods are not 100 percent

effective at controlling these emissions, and that process fugitives

that are amenable to control with hoods are not the only source of

fugitive emissions from secondary lead processes. We thus disagree

that enclosure hoods without total enclosures represent a better

alternative for controlling all fugitive emissions.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Comment : Several commenters objected to requiring monitoring of

both building pressure differential and the in-draft velocity at

building openings for the total enclosures and stated that the

duplicate monitoring requirements are redundant and unjustified. The

commenters also requested that the EPA abandon its proposed specific

minimum velocity requirement at doorway openings or lower the proposed

requirement of 300 feet per minute. Two commenters stated that “A

number of the existing total enclosures in this industry do not meet

the proposed 300 feet per minute in-draft velocity requirement, and

their modification to achieve 300 feet per minute would require

substantial expenditures.” One commenter stated that much larger

volumes of air would be exhausted from the smelter buildings and that

“the greater the volume of air exhausted, the greater the emissions of

lead. Therefore increasing exhaust volumes above current levels could

possibly have negative impacts.” The commenters requested an exemption

from demonstration of compliance with the in-draft requirements for

access points that are normally closed. One commenter requested

clarification of the use of the terms “leeward” and “windward” in the

context of the differential pressure monitoring.

One commenter stated that they have demonstrated that none of

these total enclosure monitoring requirements and continuous

monitoring systems are necessary to reduce actual emissions of HAP.

The commenter recommended continued compliance with the original 1997

NESHAP which requires facilities to demonstrate that total enclosures***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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were maintained under constant negative pressure by maintaining

process enclosure hoods at the prescribed face velocities. As an

alternative, measurements of face velocity at doorways and windows and

pressure measurements at prescribed intervals would provide a viable

monitoring option.

Response : We agree with the commenters that monitoring of both

building differential pressure and in-draft velocity at building

openings is unnecessary. However, we disagree that continuous

monitoring of differential pressure is overly prescriptive. We believe

that monitoring of building differential pressure is the most accurate

means by which to ensure that the building is under negative pressure

at all times. This method provides direct measurements that the

building is indeed maintained at negative pressure. Some commenters

stated persuasively that specifying doorway velocities could require

substantial additional in-draft, which could cause strain to building

structures, wind chill problems for workers, and pilot lights being

extinguished. We have therefore not adopted the proposed requirement

to measure in-draft velocity at the openings of the total enclosures

but have retained the continuous differential pressure monitoring

requirement. However, we have altered the differential pressure

requirement from 0.02 mm of mercury to 0.013 mm of mercury to be

consistent with EPA Method 204’s criteria for verification of a

permanent or temporary total enclosure. It is unclear to us how

directing previously uncontrolled fugitive emissions through a fabric***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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filter would increase the overall emissions from a structure.

Comment: Several commenters objected to requiring a back-up power

source for the differential pressure monitors. According to the

commenters, during a power outage, the “negative pressure would not be

maintained and the pressure drop monitors would simply be measuring

and documenting this known and predictable fact.... The same information

could be obtained by requiring facilities to note periods when power

has been lost to the ventilation fans such that negative pressure

could not be maintained”. One commenter recommended requiring an

uninterruptible power supply for the control device as well as the

total enclosure monitoring system or removing the current requirement.

Response : We agree with the commenters’ assessment that a back-up

power source for the building differential pressure monitors is not

needed. We also agree with the commenter’s suggestion to include a

recordkeeping provision for power outages that occur for the building

ventilation systems. The regulatory text has been edited accordingly.

Comment: Several commenters objected to the enclosure requirement

at all areas where fabric filters are handled or processed. One

commenter stated that “This is impractical in that all baghouses are

not and cannot be located within enclosures. Therefore, in the

replacement of used bag filters, there will always be a point in which

the bags must be handled in order to get them into a closed container

for transport.” Two commenters stated that “The first point at which***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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used fabric filters are ‘handled’ is upon removal from the baghouse

cell, usually on a catwalk running along the side of the baghouse. It

is not appropriate to require all such areas to be placed within total

enclosures. Best practices in the industry when replacing fabric

filters are to place the used filter bags in sealed plastic bags or

other closed containers in the cell while the filters are being

replaced, but prior to removing the used filters to the catwalk”.

Response : We agree that the proposed requirement to enclose all

areas where fabric filters are handled or processed may be impractical

at times, the enclosure of a catwalk being an example. We also agree

that fabric filters cannot be enclosed under the circumstances

described in these comments. We have therefore revised the regulatory

text to require used fabric filters to be placed in sealed plastic

bags or containers before removal from the baghouse cell.

B. Work Practice Standard Requirements for Fugitive Emissions

Comment: Several industry respondents expressed concern about the

proposed requirement to perform all maintenance activities for any

equipment potentially contaminated with lead bearing material inside

an enclosure.

Two commenters requested clarification that once an item that is

not already subject to total enclosure requirements has been cleaned,

its maintenance or repair is not subject to the enclosure

requirements. Both commenters also gave an example of circumstances***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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where the best course of action would be to make an immediate repair

on a leak in an elevated duct rather than wait until a temporary

structure was constructed. One commenter expressed concern that

inspection and maintenance of filters that are in need of removal and

replacement would need to be performed within a total enclosure.

Two commenters stated that 72 hours to make repairs to any gaps

or leak points in enclosures or structures was not feasible to

implement. One commenter suggested that the rule “be changed to

require initiation of repairs within 24 hours of discovery and

completion of repairs as soon as practicable. Rather than seeking and

obtaining approval for extensions from the Administrator, the source

should be required to file and to keep a record listing when the

problem was discovered, when the repair was initiated and when the

repair was completed.” Another commenter stated that “the presence of

leak points is irrelevant to collection as long as the size and

location of these leak points does not change over time. Once a

facility documents that any total enclosure criteria (for negative

pressure) are met, the presence of existing leak points is

irrelevant.”

One commenter requested that the EPA allow facilities to route

emissions from partial or temporary enclosures to control devices that

meet the performance requirements stated in the rule. According to the

commenter, “This compliance option is requested, because as written,

the provisions would require manufacturer’s specification alone and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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not allow use of an otherwise compliant control device.”

Response: With regard to the comment that the proposed

maintenance practices were overly prescriptive, we have revised the

regulatory text to require performance of maintenance “in a manner

that minimizes emissions of fugitive dust” that includes several

options to control fugitive emissions. With regard to the comment

pertaining to inspection and maintenance of fabric filters, we have

edited the regulatory text such that this enclosure requirement does

not apply to inspection and maintenance practices for fabric filters.

We also agree with commenters that making prompt and timely

repairs for leaks is often more effective than first constructing a

total enclosure around the leak. However, we believe that the

formulation to initiate repairs “as soon as practicable” is too vague.

We have edited the regulatory text to require completion of repairs to

enclosures within one week and inserted language allowing facilities

to initiate immediate repairs of ductwork or structure leaks without

an enclosure provided that the time necessary to construct a temporary

enclosure would exceed the time necessary to make a temporary or

permanent repair. This change ensures that the requirement is

technically practicable and the most cost-effective means for fixing

leaks while minimizing the period during which the leak causes

emissions.

We disagree with the commenter that the presence of a leak point***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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is irrelevant to collection as long as the size and location of these

leak points do not change over time. Total enclosures are designed

with openings of specific size and location to provide appropriate

airflow into a building and to maintain the negative pressure at all

locations. Multiple leak points at different locations of non-uniform

size would be difficult to measure and document. It would also be

difficult to ensure that the building negative pressure is uniform at

all locations.

We agree with the commenter that facilities should be allowed to

route emissions from partial temporary enclosures to existing control

devices that meet the performance specification stated in the rule

provided the control device has the capability to accommodate the

additional air flow and that its permit accounts for the additional

air flow and emissions. The regulatory text has been edited

accordingly.

Comment: Several commenters expressed concerns about the

requirement in the proposed rule for cleaning of building rooftops.

The commenters stated that the EPA did not provide a basis to

demonstrate that roof washing is effective or necessary. One commenter

stated that roof cleaning was unnecessary to operate in compliance

with the current lead NAAQS, and that current work practices are

sufficient to meet the standard. Several commenters also stated that

roof cleaning is potentially dangerous to workers and in some cases

not possible due to the rooftop construction and weather conditions.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Several commenters noted that the requirement unnecessarily applied at

all times, even when natural precipitation makes cleaning unnecessary.

Response: We agree that the proposed roof washing requirement may

not be feasible and may cause worker safety hazards in some cases, and

we have therefore removed this activity from the list of required

fugitive emission work practices.

Comment: Several commenters opposed the specific requirement for

a mobile vacuum sweeper used for pavement cleaning when a water flush

is used. The commenters stated that the EPA provides no justification

for the minimum water application rate of 0.48 gallons per square yard

of pavement cleaned or evidence that equipment currently used could

achieve this rate. The commenters suggested that this specific

requirement be replaced with a “requirement that pavement be

periodically cleaned, leaving methods, and minimum water application

rates to individual facilities and, as relevant, their permitting

authorities.” According to the commenter, “EPA should further exempt

pavement cleaning on days when natural precipitation makes cleaning

unnecessary or when sand or a similar material has been spread on

plant roadways to provide traction on ice or snow.”

Two commenters also expressed concerns that the rule requires

pavement cleaning in the battery breaking, furnace, refining and

casting areas when a total enclosure is not used. According to the

commenters, certain locations within these areas are not capable of***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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being cleaned on a routine basis due to safety, access, or other

reasons. The commenters give an example of paved areas under process

equipment as being an area that is not safe to access during operation

of the equipment. One commenter also stated that roadway cleaning and

washing of truck tires and undercarriages are redundant requirements

with no incremental benefit.

Response : We agree with the commenters’ suggestion to remove the

minimum water application rate requirement from the regulatory text.

We note that the proposal did include an exemption for cleaning on

days when natural precipitation makes cleaning unnecessary or when

sand or a similar material has been spread on plant roadways to

provide traction on ice or snow. That exemption remains in the final

rule. See 40 CFR 63.545(c)(2).

With regard to the comments regarding pavement cleaning

requirements when total enclosures are not used, we note that the

final rule requires total enclosures rather than including them as an

option. Furthermore, it is our understanding that in the cases where

mobile sweeping or wet washing equipment is not feasible (e.g.,

underneath process equipment), facilities can utilize hand held vacuum

equipment to clean these areas. Therefore, we do not believe it is

appropriate to exempt these areas from the cleaning requirements since

these areas contain fugitive lead which can be emitted and reach human

and environmental receptors.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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We disagree with the commenter that roadway cleaning and

undercarriage washing are redundant requirements. While truck tires

may be a significant source of lead bearing material on the roadway,

we understand that they are not the only source. Therefore, we have

maintained both requirements in the final rule.

Comment: One commenter recommended modifying the requirement to

pave “all areas subject to vehicle traffic” to “all areas subject to

routine vehicle traffic.” The commenter noted that areas not subject

to routine traffic do not have the potential to generate significant

quantities of fugitive dust and that paving these areas would increase

the amount of storm water generated.

Response : We agree with the commenter that there may be some

instances where paving and cleaning a roadway is impractical. We have

included an exemption in the rule for limited access and limited use

roadways that access remote, infrequently used locations on the

facility’s property. See 40 CFR 63.545(c)(2).

Comment: Two commenters objected to the proposed frequency of

inspection of the unenclosed battery storage areas. One commenter

“finds this requirement to impose an administrative burden of minimal

value.” According to the commenter, “Spent lead acid batteries, even

if accidentally broken and leaking, pose minimal potential for

generation of fugitive dust containing HAPs. Inspection of these areas

is typically required on a weekly basis as part of the facilities’***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Resource Conservation and Recovery Act obligations and such frequency

is sufficient to satisfy the intent of this proposed rule as well.”

One commenter suggests that identifying and mitigating leaks within 72

hours will prevent generation of fugitive lead emissions. The

commenter also states that it is unclear whether batteries stored in

partial enclosures are exempted from the twice daily inspection

requirement and proposes the following regulatory language

incorporating both of these issues.

You must inspect any batteries that are not stored

in a partial or total enclosure once each day and

move any broken batteries to a partial or total

enclosure within 72 hours of detection. You must

also clean residue from broken batteries within 72

hours of identification. Storage of batteries in

trucks and railcars consistent with Department of

Transportation requirements are specifically

exempted from these requirements.

Response : We agree with the commenters that requiring inspection

of these areas on a twice daily basis is not necessary. We have

modified the regulatory text to require inspection of these areas

twice per week with removal of broken batteries within 72 hours of

detection. We have also clarified that the inspection requirement does

not apply to battery storage areas that are in a total enclosure. We

do not believe that an exemption for storage of batteries in trucks***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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and railcars is necessary since the inspection frequency was reduced

to twice per week.

Comment: One commenter objected to the requirement to collect

wash water in a container that is not open to the atmosphere. The

commenter stated that “Covering of these collection tanks is not

necessary because lead dissolved and/or suspended in water does not

have a pathway for becoming a fugitive emission.”

Response : We agree with the commenter that so long as the

contents in the container are wet, there should be no fugitive

emissions. We have removed the requirement to collect wash water in a

sealed container.

Comment: Two commenters requested changes to the requirement to

transport lead bearing materials in sealed leak-proof containers. One

commenter proposed that containers be “covered” rather than “sealed

leak-proof” and that an exemption be made for off-road dump trucks.

The suggestion was made because “sealed leak-proof containers ...cannot

be attained, but covers can be for most trucks used in such

transport....no approved sealing covers are made for the 30-ton, 6-

wheel, off-road dump trucks used at the facility.” One commenter

supported the requirement for transporting lead bearing materials

within an enclosure or in a sealed container, but suggested that lead

bearing materials with little potential for production of fugitive

lead dust from transportation should be excluded, including intact***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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batteries, raw materials with lead content that is not considered

recoverable such as iron, caustic, coal, wood, sulfur and other

similar materials, and products from the recycling process.

Response: We agree that the proposed requirement for material

transport should be modified. The intent of the proposed requirement

was to prevent fugitive lead dust formation outside of a total

enclosure. We have therefore modified the requirement to read as

follows:

You must transport all lead bearing dust within

closed conveyor systems or in sealed, leak-proof

containers, unless the transport activities are

contained within an enclosure. All other lead

bearing material must be contained and covered for

transport outside of a total enclosure in a manner

that prevents spillage or dust formation. Intact

batteries and lead ingot product are exempt from

the requirement to be covered for transport.”

The definition of lead bearing material in the rule clarifies

that lead content below the threshold of 100 ppm (measured via TCLP

lead test results <5 mg/l) is excluded from this requirement.

Comment: Some commenters agreed that the secondary lead

facilities operate a separation process at their battery breakers to

separate polypropylene battery case material as a valuable recyclable***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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commodity. However, not all spent lead acid batteries are amenable to

separation. Certain battery types such as small sealed-lead-acid

batteries and certain industrial lead-acid batteries are fed into the

blast furnace without ever passing through the facility’s battery

breaker. These batteries are either too small or too large to be

broken by the automated battery breaking equipment. One commenter

requested that the EPA estimate the cost of the systems that would be

required. Another commenter offered that mandatory separation could be

used for facilities that are not meeting TEQ limits as one of several

options to reduce emissions. Two commenters stated that the current

dioxin emission levels pose no incremental health risk presented by

background dioxin and that there is no valid justification for

imposing this burden.

Response: Based on these comments, we have revised the proposed

plastics separation work practice requirement to be specific to

automotive batteries, which should be amenable to separation based on

current practices used in the industry. We agree with the commenters

that some industrial batteries are not easily processed in battery

breakers and that the retrofits or additional equipment required to

process such batteries are not justified since automotive batteries

make up the vast majority of lead acid batteries processed at these

facilities. We believe that plastics separation from automotive

batteries is sufficient to minimize emissions of organic HAP. We

further note that the use of battery breakers to separate plastics***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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from automotive batteries is clearly a development in practices that

limits emissions of organic HAP, including dioxin, and is therefore an

appropriate part of a standard under section 112(d)(6).

C. Emission Standards for Organic HAP from Rotary Furnaces

Comment: We received several comments on the proposed D/F and THC

MACT floor limits for the rotary furnace subcategory that were based

on data (two test runs, see 76 FR at 29049) from the slag-processing

rotary furnace at RSR’s Middletown, NY facility. One commenter stated

that rotary furnace standards should not be based on emissions that

are not from stand-alone rotary furnace operations. The commenter

stated that the EPA should not derive standards for rotary furnaces

from performance of a different source type or subcategory that

includes a furnace combination ( i.e., reverberatory/short rotary

furnace). The commenter also contends that there are insufficient data

available to establish limits for D/F and THC from rotary furnaces.

The commenter contends that the EPA used one source that is not

representative of or similar to true rotary furnace operation to

establish the limits for “rotary furnaces.” The commenter stated that

the emissions limit established in the proposed rule is arbitrary

because it is not based on operations of rotary furnaces using lead

bearing materials from lead acid batteries as feedstock.

The commenter notes that RSR’s Middletown, NY facility, whose

test data were used as the basis for the THC and D/F limits, only uses

their rotary furnace to process one type of lead bearing material,***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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reverberatory slag, and this furnace is not representative of the full

capabilities of rotary furnace operation. The commenter notes that

JCI’s Florence Recycling Center plans to utilize stand-alone rotary

furnaces to process lead paste, battery components, and “other

materials with recoverable quantities of lead.” The commenter further

notes that the emissions from RSR’s short rotary furnace (SRF) and

drying kiln are combined, and it is unclear from information in the

docket whether testing of the SRF occurred at a location prior to the

combination of these exhaust streams.

The commenter also stated that JCI and RSR differ in raw

materials used in the facilities’ operations. RSR’s Title V

application for its Middletown facility indicates that RSR may process

automotive, industrial, and specialty-type lead-acid batteries as well

as lead bearing materials received from lead-acid battery

manufacturing plants and scrap metal in its reverberatory furnace.

JCI’s furnace feed is from automotive and marine batteries and from

lead bearing materials from other JCI facilities. The commenter

contends that, since the EPA considered no data representative of a

rotary furnace operation such as that which will be operated at the

JCI Florence Recycling Center, a numeric limit for this category

cannot be assigned.

One commenter also stated that the stack test for RSR’s SRF that

was used to develop D/F and THC emission limits for “rotary furnaces”

included only two successful test runs and therefore must be***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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considered inadequate for setting emission limits since 40 CFR

63.7(e)(3) requires three test runs for compliance demonstration

purposes.

One commenter supports the individual stack emission limits for

THC and D/F but provides comment on the EPA’s consideration of

statistical variability for the rotary furnace subcategory. The

commenter stated that the Upper Prediction Limit (UPL) tends to

inflate the variability because the statistical procedure attempts to

accommodate the highest emission measurement at the same facility and

not necessarily the variability between facilities as the MACT floor

is intended to achieve. Additionally, the UPL is very dependent on the

number of valid samples. The commenter contends that, when a suitable

number of samples have been collected, the 99 percent confidence limit

(CL) represents a range for which there is 99 percent certainty that

the interval contains the true mean. The commenter suggests that

caution be used when determining a MACT floor from limited test data

and that the 99 percent CL is more appropriate for this particular

industry.

One commenter noted that the EPA did not consider a secondary

lead smelting facility in Puerto Rico that operates a stand-alone

rotary furnace. The commenter contends that even if it were

appropriate to set MACT floor emission rates or standards for rotary

furnaces, the EPA would have to obtain and consider data from the

Puerto Rico facility. According to the commenter, failure to consider***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 70 of 183

data from the facility “undermines the RTR Proposed Rule and any

attempt by EPA to establish emission standards for the rotary furnace

subcategory.” The commenter contends that the EPA should issue a

separate ICR for the Puerto Rico facility and publish a supplemental

notice of proposed rulemaking that takes into account the emission

information for this facility.

Response: The EPA agrees that rotary furnaces fueled by natural

gas could be different from rotary furnaces operating using different

fuel types, and that rotary furnaces processing slag could be

different types of rotary furnaces than those processing lead acid

batteries. More basically, the EPA simply has insufficient data on

which to promulgate organic HAP standards for rotary furnaces. The

proposed standards for THC and D/F were based on less than one single

complete test, consisting only of two test runs from the natural gas

fueled furnace processing slag. See 76 FR at 29049-29050. (A complete

test consists of three test runs.) When calculating variability using

a limited dataset (in this case, the two test runs) the effect of

variability can be substantial. Id. The proposed THC and D/F standards

likewise were based on two test runs and similarly reflected enormous

statistical variability due to the limited data. Id. at 29049/1. The

EPA does not believe that these data are sufficient to adopt a

standard even for the rotary furnace which was tested, much less a

rotary furnace which may be different. Accordingly, we are not

adopting standards for organic HAP emissions from rotary furnaces at***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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this time and instead we intend to issue CAA section 114 information

requests to sources operating rotary furnaces to obtain more

representative emission data and plan to propose standards for organic

HAP in a future action. However, we note that the lead emission

standards included in this action do apply to rotary furnaces

processing slag or lead acid batteries.

D. The EPA ’ s Risk Assessment Supporting the Proposed Rule

Comment: Two commenters stated that the EPA’s methodology is

unreliable and incorrect. The commenters stated that the EPA

overestimated the baseline fugitive emissions for the Exide Frisco

facility whose (faulty) estimates then became the basis for estimating

all other facilities’ fugitive emission rates. The commenter stated

that the EPA scaled Exide’s reported fugitive emissions of 0.296 tpy

for the blast and reverberatory furnace fugitive emissions to 0.32 tpy

based on the assumption that fugitives would not be on the same

operating schedule as process emissions. The commenter contends that

this scaling is inappropriate since furnace fugitives can only occur

when the associated process furnaces are operating. The commenter

further stated that the EPA also double-counted the fugitives of 0.32

tpy by assigning the value to each of the blast and reverberatory

furnaces, despite the fact that Exide reported the value as combined

emissions for both the reverberatory and blast furnace.

Response: The commenter is correct in both respects. The EPA has

accordingly adjusted its calculation of the fugitive emissions from***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 72 of 183

E x i d e ’ s F r i s

c o f a c i l i t y (thereby reducing the facility’s fugitive dust

emissions estimate) and adjusted the emissions estimates for each

facility to reflect the revised estimate of the Frisco facility. The

resulting risk results have also been adjusted. We note that the

updated emissions estimates and risk results did not substantively

alter our decisions under section 112(f). The modeling showed 9 of 15

facilities above the lead NAAQS, down from 12 of 14 facilities at

proposal. The maximum modeled lead concentration in the source

category decreased from about 23 times the NAAQS to about 16 times the

NAAQS. We still find that risks from this source category are not

acceptable and that revisions under section 112 (f)(2) are therefore

required, and further find that it is necessary under section 112

(d)(6) to revise the standards for fugitive emissions considering the

developments in cost-effective control technologies for their control.

Comment: Three commenters stated that the EPA’s multipathway risk

estimates are incorrect because they relied on incorrect dioxin and

furan emissions from Exide’s Frisco, Texas facility. The commenters

contend that a dioxin and furan test conducted in October 2010 at the

Frisco facility revealed an emissions rate of 6.2E-08 tons/year on a

toxic equivalency quotient (TEQ) basis, 69 times lower than the

estimate used by the EPA. One commenter noted that the exact effect

that the difference in emissions would have on the calculated risks is

unknown since the EPA has not placed the full methodology behind its

multipathway risk calculations in the record. However, the commenter***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 73 of 183

n o t e d t h a t a ss

u m i n g t h e r

e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w ee n e m i s s i o n s a nd r i s

k i s a p p r o x i ma t e l y li n e a r

, t h e E P

A ’ s

c a l c u l a t e d r i s k w o u l d b e a p p r

o x i ma t e l y 6 9 t i m e s l o w

er than that estimated at proposal,

and less than 1 in a million. The commenter further requested that the

EPA disclose its multipathway risk calculation methodology and allow

for public notice-and-comment. AN ET Another commenter stated that the

EPA’s overestimation of dioxin and furan emissions may lead to

unwarranted public concern about the Frisco facility. The commenter

requested that the EPA include a clarifying explanation regarding the

Frisco emissions data and the lower multipathway risk in the final

rule as well as in the risk assessment document.

Response: As noted in previous responses, the final risk

assessment reflects updated emission information received during the

public comment period for the proposed rule. We also note that the

updated dioxin/furan test data were not made available to the EPA,

despite repeated requests, until June 2011. With respect to the

estimated emissions of D/F, the commenter is correct that EPA

overestimated these emissions at proposal by a factor of 69 for the

reasons stated. Considering this updated emissions information, the

EPA estimates that multipathway risk associated with the Exide Frisco

facility is less than 1 in a million (and so contributes very little

to the estimates of risk posed by this source category, and is not a

driver of the determination that risks from this source category are

unacceptable). See Residual Risk Assessment for the Secondary Lead

Smelting Source Category , available in the docket, at pages 32-33.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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This additional information does not warrant any reopening of the

proposed rule or comment period, however. First, the EPA fully

disclosed its multipathway risk methodology; the commenter’s

assertions to the contrary are simply mistaken. The risk assessment

document along with its appendices was available in the docket for the

proposed rulemaking and describes in detail the methodology used in

the assessment. See The Residual Risk Assessment for the Secondary

Lead Smelting Source Category, at page 10, available in the docket.

Also see Docket ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0344-0037 for a thorough discussion

of the EPA’s human health multipathway risk assessment methodology.

Second, the new information reinforces the tentative conclusion

the EPA reached at proposal: risks associated with emissions of dioxin

and furans from the secondary lead source category are not primary

drivers in the unacceptable risks from this source category (i.e.

dioxin and furan emissions are not the reason that risks from

secondary lead smelter emissions are unacceptable). See 76 FR at

29055/2. The new analysis reinforces that risks posed by dioxin and

furan emissions are acceptable, since emission levels are 69 times

less than estimated at proposal (when risks from CDD and CDFs were

already considered to be at an acceptable level). Thus, this already

acceptable level of risk is less than estimated and less than one in a

million. The EPA does not agree that further comment on this issue is

warranted, since further comment would not have a practical effect on

the rule. 8***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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8 T h e c o mme n t t h a t E P A ’ s s t a n d a r d s f o r d i o x i n a n d f

u r a n s d o n o t r

e s u l t i n s i g n ifi c a n t r i s k r e d u c t i o n i s m i s

p l a c e d g i v e n

t h a t E P A i s n o t a do p t i n g a n y r i s

k

- b as e d ( i

. e

. s e c t i o n 112 ( f ) ( 2 )) s t a n d a r d s b a s e d o n t h e n e e d f o r r e du c t i on o f em i s

s i o n s o f

d i o xi n a nd f

u r a n

. Comment : One commenter stated that the EPA inappropriately summed

risks from the inhalation and multipathway risk assessments at the

Exide Frisco facility. The commenter noted that it is impossible for

the person with the highest chronic inhalation cancer risk to also be

the same person with the highest individual multipathway cancer risk

since the two MIR values are location dependent and are at locations

that are widely separated. The commenter further noted that the EPA

has indicated in other contexts that when populations are exposed via

more than one pathway, the combination of exposures across pathways

must also represent a reasonable maximum exposure.

Response : The EPA disagrees with the commenter. While highly

unlikely (and noted as being highly unlikely in the risk assessment

document), it is theoretically possible for the person with the

highest chronic inhalation cancer risk to also be the same person with

the highest individual multipathway cancer risk. The EPA notes that

the multipathway risk assessment does not provide a specific location

for the MIR; thus, it is possible (although highly unlikely) that the

person with the highest inhalation MIR is also consuming fish (at the

fish ingestion rates described in the multipathway report) from the

theoretically contaminated lake. That being said, however, we note

that considering updated emissions information for this facility,

updated multipathway results indicate multipathway risk associated***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 76 of 183

with the Exide Frisco facility are well below 1-in a million.

Considering these updated results, multipathway risk would not

appreciable add to any inhalation risk associated with this facility.

Comment: Commenter 94 stated that the EPA improperly calculated

the inhalation cancer MIR for the Exide Frisco facility in a vacant

field to the north of the facility within the facility’s property

line. The commenter noted that the lifetime cancer risk of the MEI

cannot be at a location within the facility property line.

Response : The commenter is correct and the EPA has corrected the

receptor location resulting in a change in the results in the final

risk assessment. The MIR for this facility is now located at a

populated census block (based on the 2001 census).

E. Miscellaneous Changes to the Regulatory Text

Comment: Three commenters requested that the EPA replace the term

“modified source” with “reconstructed source”. Neither the proposed

rule nor the EPA’s general Part 63 regulations define the term

“modified source”. The term is defined in the CAA, but that definition

would require a source to install maximum achievable control

technology and impose a “new source” requirement like CEMS on a

modified source, rather than appropriately imposing the existing

source provisions that do not require installation of a CEMS.

Response : The term “modified source” appeared in the proposed

rule at 40 CFR 63.548(l) under the proposed requirement to install a***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 77 of 183

CEMS for measuring lead emissions on all new or modified sources. We

agree with the commenter that the terminology of “reconstructed”

source would be more appropriate for this requirement and have changed

the regulatory language accordingly.

Comment: Three commenters requested clarification of the term

“affected source” as used in the proposed rule. The proposed rule uses

the terms “new sources”, “existing source” and “modified source”

without clarifying whether it is referring to secondary lead smelters

generally, or to potential emissions sources within secondary lead

smelters. There is a seeming contradiction between the use of the term

“affected source” in the proposed rule and the definition in 40 CFR

63, subpart A general provisions. One commenter also understands that

the terms “new sources” and “existing sources”, as used in the

proposed rule, are consistent with the definitions as used in CAA

section 112(a). The commenter “understands EPA intends to address any

addition of units to an “existing source” consistent with the

provisions of the CAA” and understands that the analysis as explained

in Nine Metal Fabrication and Finishing Area Source Categories, 40 CFR

Part 63 (6X) NESHAP, Questions and Answers, April 2011 would apply

with respect to implementation of any amendments to subpart X

requirements. The Q&A explains that the “CAA uses the word ‘source’ to

mean the entire facility in terms of the classification of ‘new’ vs.

‘existing’ whereas for the Subpart 6X rule, what is referred to as the

‘affected source’ is actually one of the processes at the facility”.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 78 of 183

Response : The EPA has clarified the application of these terms in

the final rule. The definition in 40 CFR 63, subpart A requires each

relevant standard to define the “affected source,” as the collection

of equipment, activities, or both within a single contiguous area and

under common control that is included in a CAA section 112(c) source

category or subcategory for which a CAA section 112(d) standard or

other relevant standard is established pursuant to CAA section 112

unless a different definition is warranted based on a published

justification as to why this definition would result in significant

administrative, practical, or implementation problems and why the

different definition would resolve those problems. We have adopted a

definition of “affected source” in this rulemaking as any of the

listed individual sources at a secondary lead smelter. This

application of the term “affected source” is the same as was used in

the 1997 NESHAP for secondary lead. The term “affected source” is used

in the final rule primarily in the context of new sources. This

definition is appropriate for the secondary lead source category

because the chief source of emissions from these facilities are the

furnaces, and as these furnaces are replaced or reconstructed, the

replacement equipment would be subject to the standard for a new

source.

A “new source” has also been defined as any affected source at a

secondary lead facility that undergoes construction or reconstruction

after May 19, 2011, the date of the proposed CAA section 112(f)(2) and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 79 of 183

112(d)(6) rules. A building that is constructed for the purpose of

controlling fugitive emissions from an existing source is not

considered to be a new source because it is effectively a control

device for fugitive emissions.

Comment: One commenter noted that the last sentence in the

current definition of “Materials storage and handling area” has been

deleted in the proposed definition. This sentence reads: “Materials

storage and handling area does not include areas used exclusively for

storage of blast furnace slag”. The commenter disagreed with the EPA’s

assessment that this is a minor change. “EPA should provide an

explanation of what changed circumstances justify a new rule”. Two

other commenters requested that the definition be modified to exclude

the transfer of raw materials of any type in enclosed conveyors. The

commenter stated that “as currently worded, the enclosure requirement

proposed would apply to handling of fabric filter dust in enclosed

conveyors, containers, or in wet slurried form, which is unnecessary”.

The commenter suggested revising the definition to include the

following: “Material storage and handling area shall not include any

closed containers or enclosed mechanical conveyors.”

Response : A definition of “lead bearing material” has been added

to the final rule. Rather than include or exclude any one particular

material in the definition of “materials storage and handling area”

based on the originating process, this definition establishes lead

content as the criterion for determining whether materials must be***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 80 of 183

handled in such a manner to prevent lead dust formation. The

definition of “materials storage and handling area” remains

essentially unchanged from the definition in the proposed rule.

Fugitive dust formation has been identified as the major

contributor to ambient lead concentrations near secondary lead

smelters. Piles where lead bearing materials are stored were

identified as one of the major sources of fugitive lead emissions.

However, there was no definition for lead-bearing material in the

proposed rule that could be used to make a determination of which

materials needed to be handled in a manner that prevents dust

formation. By adding a definition of “lead bearing material” to the

rule, we have clarified and quantified the definition of “materials

storage and handling area”.

The EPA is using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure

(TCLP), EPA Method 1311 to measure which materials are lead-bearing,

and using the characteristic level of 5.0 mg/l (in the extract from

the test)as the specific level for being lead-bearing. See 40 CFR

261.24. This assures that only materials with at least 100 ppm total

lead will be considered to be ‘lead-bearing’. See EPA Method 1311

section 2.2 which describes that the liquid to solid ratio of material

tested should be 20:1 (i.e. 5 mg/l in the TCLP extract is equal to

100ppm in the material being tested). The specific definition of lead

bearing material chosen ensures that materials that contain relatively

substantial amounts of lead (0.01%) are included while minimizing***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 81 of 183

additional testing burden for facilities who must determine what does

or doesn’t meet the definition. Testing burden is minimized because

facilities already use the TCLP to determine whether or not the wastes

they manage are hazardous, pursuant to subtitle C of the Resource

Conservation and Recovery Act. Imposing a different threshold for

defining material as “lead bearing” could impose duplicative or

conflicting requirements between subpart X and other regulatory

regimes. Furthermore, the TCLP is a test protocol which includes a

grinding step, which is a conservative measure of determining whether

a material could generate fugitive emissions. See Method 1311 steps

7.1.3 and 7.2.10.

To address the concern that fabric filter dust in enclosed

conveyors, containers or wet slurries must be additionally handled

only inside an enclosure, we have added an exemption from the

enclosure requirement for materials that are “lead bearing” but are

not expected to generate fugitive lead dust. While these materials do

contain lead in amounts that could otherwise meet the definition of

lead bearing material, they are either in a stabilized form that will

not create fugitive dust or in a container that prevents fugitive dust

formation. These materials include: lead ingot products, stormwater

and wastewater, intact batteries, lead bearing material that is stored

in closed containers or enclosed mechanical conveyors, and clean

battery casing material.

Comment: One commenter requested a change to the definition of***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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“plant roadway” specifically to exclude finished lead product storage

areas and roadways or traffic areas located within enclosed buildings.

Response : We accept the commenter’s suggestion to exclude

roadways or traffic areas located within enclosed buildings from the

definition of “plant roadway.” However, we do not believe that it is

appropriate to exclude finished lead product storage areas since these

areas may be located in close proximity to areas that may require

cleaning (e.g., slag storage areas).

Comment: One commenter requested a change to the definition of

process vent. As currently drafted, it appears overly broad and could

lead to confusion concerning the ventilation systems that must be

tested.

Response : We have made revisions to the regulatory text to

clarify that the term “process vent” includes various process vents

and vents from buildings containing lead bearing material. Vents from

office or other non-process areas are not considered to be process

vents.

Comment: Two comments were received on the terminology used for a

lead CEMS. According to the commenter, “Paragraph 63.548(m) specifies

that lead CEMS be “continuous emission rate monitors”. The standard is

a concentration standard, not an emission rate standard, so the term

“continuous emission rate monitor” is not appropriate”. Since flow and

concentration monitors are needed to calculate compliance with the***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 83 of 183

flow weighted average, one commenter recommended a requirement for

flow and concentration monitors rather than citing a type of

monitoring system that is not applicable to the standard.

Response : We agree with the commenter that the term continuous

emissions rate monitor is not appropriate. We have replaced the term

“continuous emissions rate monitor” with “continuous emissions

monitoring system”.

Comment: Two commenters noted that the term “accidental release”

is not defined in the rule. The commenters recommended that the EPA

use the CERCLA reportable quantity threshold of 10 pounds to define an

accidental release of lead-containing dust. Two commenters recommended

that the requirement to initiate cleaning within one hour of a release

be changed to require that the facility initiate cleaning activities

within one hour after discovery of an accidental release.

Response : We accept the commenters’ suggestion to use the CERCLA

reportable quantity threshold of 10 pounds to define an accidental

release of lead-containing dust. We also accept the commenters’

suggestion to require initiation of cleaning within one hour of

discovery of an accidental release.

Comment: One commenter recommended that the definition of

“maintenance activity” be changed from “any of the following routine

maintenance and repair activities that generate fugitive lead dust:”

to “any of the following maintenance and repair activities when they***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 84 of 183

generate fugitive lead dust:”

Response: We do not agree with the commenter’s proposed change to

the definition of “maintenance activity.” If this definition was

adopted, the facility would be allowed to proceed with a maintenance

activity and then, if the activity began generating dust, controls

would need to be adopted but otherwise-controllable lead emissions

would be released to ambient air. However, we have modified the

definition to read “any of the following routine maintenance and

repair activities that could generate fugitive lead dust”. This

definition ensures that proactive, rather than reactive, actions would

be taken for activities with the potential to generate lead dust.

Comment: One commenter stated that a definition of lead-bearing

material should be added and should include such characteristics as

the material should be semi-granular, have a lead content of greater

than 10%, and produce visible fugitive emissions when handled or

transported.

Response: We have added a definition of lead-bearing material to

the regulatory text. However, we believe that a 10 percent lead

content is too high. We have defined lead-bearing material in the rule

as material with lead content of 5 mg/l or greater as measured by the

TCLP (Method 1311), which means that materials would need to contain

at least 100 ppm. This is equivalent to the toxicity characteristic

level for a hazardous waste containing lead as defined at 40 CFR***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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261.24.

Comment: One commenter noted that 40 CFR 63.544(d) of the

proposed rule makes reference to the requirements in subsections

(d)(1) through (d)(4). However, as the commenter points out, there are

eight subsections applicable to 40 CFR 63.544(d) and subsection (d)(2)

further refers to meeting requirements through (d)(8).

Response: The EPA agrees with the commenter and has made the

suggested change in the regulatory text at 40 CFR 63.544(d).

Comment: One commenter noted that proposed 40 CFR 63.543(i)

requires that sources conduct testing for process vents, “...under such

conditions as the administrator specifies based on representative

performance of the affected source for the period being tested”. The

commenter requested that the EPA replace this “cumbersome” language

with “...under normal operating conditions.”

Response: We have modified the text to require sources to conduct

testing “under maximum representative operating conditions for the

process.” The term maximum is included to ensure that the testing

occurs during a time period of full production at the facility that is

representative of normal operation. This language allows sources to

develop test conditions which approximate the variability they can

reasonably encounter during operation. Parametric monitoring

requirements, based on parameters measured during the performance

test, would then reasonably reflect this operating variability and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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afford the source flexibility in its day-to-day operation. Cf. Cement

Kiln Recycling Coalition v. EPA , 255 F.855, 866-67 (D.C. Cir. 2001)

(upholding use of such data to set MACT standards under CAA section

112 (d)(3)).

Comment: One commenter noted that Table 3 of the proposed rule is

improperly labeled, “table 3 to Subpart X of Part 60 – Toxic

Equivalency Factors”. As the commenter points out, the table is

included in 40 CFR part 63, not 40 CFR part 60.

Response: The EPA agrees with the commenter and has made the

suggested change to Table 3 of the proposed rule.

Comment: Two commenters pointed out that there is a typographical

error in Equation 2 of the proposed rule at 40 CFR 63.543(c). The

definition of the term C

ELI includes the word lead, though the equation

is not applicable to lead.

Response: The EPA agrees with the commenter and has adjusted the

definition of the term C

ELI in Equation 2 of 40 CFR 63.543(c)

accordingly.

F. Emission Testing Methods and Frequency

Comment: Two commenters stated their support for biannual testing

for well performing facilities. One commenter contends that the East

Penn facility currently conducts biannual testing for lead and still

maintains compliance with the lead NAAQS and applicable Subpart X***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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e m i s s i o n s t a n d a r d s. Th e c o mm e n t e r f u r t h e r a r g u e d t h a t t h e E P

A h a s n o t d e m o n s t r a t e d a n y

e n v i r o n m e n t a l b e n e f i t s a s s o c i a t ed w i t h a n nu a l t

e s t i n g v e r s u s b i a n n u a l t

e s t i n g f o r w e l l c o n t r o l l e d

f a c i l i t i e s

. T h e c o mm e n t e r c o n t e nd s t h a t t h e E a s

t P e n n f a c i l i t y h a s made strategic decisions

to invest capital resources to reduce lead emissions and that the

removal of the biannual testing exemption would unnecessarily increase

the annual operating costs of the facility.

Response: We agree with the commenter that a biannual testing

exemption for well performing facilities can be retained in this

NESHAP. We have added an exemption for any stacks that report a lead

concentration of 0.1 mg/dscm or lower allowing biannual testing. The

concept of decreased testing frequency for well-performing sources was

discussed in the proposal as a part of the fenceline monitoring

approach (See 76 FR at 29057).

Comment: Two commenters disagreed with the annual testing

requirement for total hydrocarbons (THC). One commenter stated that

since the risk assessment did not identify significant risks drivers

among the organic HAP represented by THC, the THC testing should be

conducted concurrently with the dioxin and furan tests every five

years with continuous compliance demonstrated via afterburner

temperature monitoring. Another commenter stated that requiring annual

THC tests is redundant and unnecessary if a CEMS is installed and

operated per 40 CFR 63.543(k).

Response: We disagree with the commenter that THC testing should***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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be conducted on the same schedule as dioxins and furans. Testing for

THC is substantially less expensive than testing for dioxins and

furans and we do not believe annual THC testing presents an

unnecessary burden. However, we have added an exemption allowing

biannual testing of THC for any stack that reports concentrations that

are less than half of the applicable emissions limit. Annual stack

testing is obviously not required if a THC CEMS is used.

Comment: Three commenters stated that the EPA should allow

facilities to use EPA Method 12 for lead compounds to calculate

compliance with the process vent limitations in order to be consistent

with testing requirements that exist in many facility permits.

Response: We agree that facilities should be given the option of

using EPA Method 12. The regulatory text has been edited accordingly.

Comment: Three commenters stated that the BLDS exemption for

baghouses equipped with HEPA filters should be retained. One commenter

stated that to install BLDS’s on HEPA filtered stacks is excessive and

unwarranted. The commenter also believes that annual stack testing for

sources equipped with HEPA filtration is not necessary. Another

commenter argued that the cost associated with using BLDS is not

commensurate with their limited ability. The commenter stated that

BLDS’s are inherently reactive whereas baghouses equipped with HEPA

filtration actually prevent emissions in the event of a bag failure.

Further, the commenter argued that HEPA secondary collection pressure***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 89 of 183

differential is an effective method to monitor baghouse performance.

The commenter contends that the BLDS requirement will pose an

unnecessary and redundant burden on facilities that proactively chose

to install HEPA filtration systems and that the proposed revisions are

a disincentive for facilities to install HEPA filters. Finally, the

commenter stated that the proposed BLDS requirement and the

elimination of the BLDS exemption for HEPA filters are arbitrary and

not supported by test data.

Response: We agree with the commenters that baghouses equipped

with HEPA filters do not need bag leak detection systems as well. The

measurement of pressure drop across a HEPA filter provides the indicia

of superior performance for determining continuous compliance.

However, we disagree that sources should be exempt from annual stack

testing based solely on the use of a HEPA filter. The emission

standard includes calculation of a facility-wide emission average and

testing the process vents subject to that limit is needed to determine

compliance. Monitoring pressure drop across HEPA filters is a means

for determining continuous compliance, similar to a bag leak detection

system in baghouses without HEPA filters. In both cases, periodic

stack tests are necessary to ensure that lead emissions are below the

applicable emission standard. However, we note that we have included a

biannual testing exemption for stacks that report lead concentrations

less than 0.1 mg/dscm.

G. Startup

, Shutdown

, and Malfunction***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Comment: One commenter expressed concerns related to the total

hydrocarbon (THC) standard during start-up periods. According to the

commenter, it will be impossible to meet the minimum temperature at

which compliance with the THC standard has been demonstrated during

startup of a furnace. The blast furnace crucible must be heated for up

to 12 hours before raw materials can be charged. The reverberatory

furnace cold startups occur over an extended period also. There is no

introduction of feedstock during the warm-up process and, therefore,

no emissions of process-related THC emissions. Emissions during this

time period will consist entirely of combustion products associated

with the fuels natural gas and foundry coke. The afterburner or post

combustion system are equipped with rudimentary burners that provide

supplementary heat but rely on the excess heat contained within the

combined furnace exhaust gases during production operations to achieve

an afterburner temperature that assures the efficient combustion of

the process off-gases. The afterburner supplementary burners are not

sufficient to maintain the required temperature during furnace startup

and shutdown sequences. The proposed revisions to Subpart X should

include definitions of startup and shutdown for collocated blast and

reverberatory furnaces that clearly define when alternative THC

standards would apply and how compliance with an alternative standard

is monitored.

Response: The EPA has revised this final rule to require

sources to meet a work practice standard that requires the development***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 91 of 183

of standard operating procedures designed to minimize emissions of THC

for each start-up and shutdown scenario anticipated for all units

subject to THC emission limits. We considered whether temperature (the

metric used to determine continuous compliance for the THC standard in

this rule) or performance testing and enforcement of numeric emission

limits would be practicable during periods of startup and shutdown.

The EPA determined that there are a number of significant technical

challenges associated with emissions measurements of THC emissions

during periods of startup and shutdown. These challenges make

establishing and complying with numerical emissions limits

impracticable.

There are multiple factors informing this decision. Temperature

is obviously an inappropriate measure to determine continuous

compliances for these furnaces during periods of startup and shutdown

when the furnaces are being heated during startup (or cooled during

shutdown) from ambient to the steady state operating temperature. The

furnaces are heated during periods of startup through slow feeding of

natural gas and small amounts of coke with no lead acid batteries fed

to the furnace. It is impossible for furnace exhaust to be maintained

within the window prescribed by 40 CFR 63.548(h)(4) during periods of

startup and shutdown. However, the inability to maintain this

temperature in secondary lead smelter furnace exhaust does not

indicate high emissions of THC during these periods. In fact, the

emissions are likely minimal because there are no plastics being fed***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 92 of 183

to the furnace and minimal fuel use (mostly natural gas). Temperature

is not the appropriate measure of continuous compliance during these

periods and we are unaware of another metric that can be used to

determine continuous compliance with a numerical standard for these

furnaces during startup and shutdown. During these periods, we do not

believe dioxins and furans can form because there are no chlorinated

plastics or flame retardants being fed as these materials are only

introduced as impurities with the lead feed material. Therefore, we

have not included a standard for dioxins and furans during periods of

startup and shutdown because these pollutants are not emitted. In

terms of staff scheduling, test crews would have to be on-site and

ready to begin THC testing at the beginning of a period of startup or

shutdown, have multiple test crews on site for startup or shutdown

periods lasting longer than 12 hours, and be prepared to stop and

restart measurements to coincide with process trips that can occur

during startup and shutdown of secondary lead smelting furnaces. Since

startups and shutdowns of these furnaces are not necessarily scheduled

long in advance, scheduling such testing to coincide with the

beginning of startup or shutdown periods would require having testing

crews on-site nearly full time. These staff resource issues would

dramatically increase the cost of testing during startup and shutdown

periods.

For these technical and economic reasons, we have determined that

conducting manual test methods during these secondary lead furnace***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 93 of 183

startup or shutdown periods for THC to be impracticable within the

meaning of CAA section 112(h)(2)(B). As a result, we have established

a separate work practice standard for emissions of D/F and THC during

periods of startup and shutdown.

This startup and shutdown work practice applies only to the THC

emission limits. We have no reason to provide startup or shutdown

provisions for emissions of lead from any source because the fabric

filters used to control particulate and lead emissions are not less

effective during startup or shutdown periods (nor would we expect

sources to have any difficulty meeting the lead standard since leadbearing feed is not charged during either startup or shutdown

conditions). Additionally, the metrics for determining continuous

compliance with these standards are appropriate for periods of startup

and shutdown. Therefore, we have established the separate work

practice standard only for THC for periods of startup and shutdown.

Periods of startup, normal operations, and shutdown are all

predictable and routine aspects of a source’s operations. However, by

contrast, malfunction is defined as a ‘‘sudden, infrequent, and not

reasonably preventable failure of air pollution control and monitoring

equipment, process equipment or a process to operate in a normal or

usual manner * * * ’’(40 CFR 63.2). The EPA has determined that

malfunctions should not be viewed as a distinct operating mode and,

therefore, any emissions that occur at such times do not need to be

factored into development of CAA section 112(d) standards, which, once***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 94 of 183

promulgated, apply at all times.

VI. Summary of Cost, Environmental, and Economic Impacts

A. What are the affected facilities ?

We anticipate that the 15 secondary lead smelting facilities

currently or recently operating in the continental United States and

Puerto Rico as well as one facility currently under construction in

South Carolina will be affected by this final rule.

B. What are the air quality impacts?

The EPA estimated the emissions reductions that are expected to

result from these final amendments to the 1997 NESHAP compared to the

2009 baseline emissions estimates calculated based on ICR data. The

ICR data and RTR emissions memo are available in the docket to this

action. A detailed documentation of the analysis can be found in the

document in the docket titled: Cost Impacts of the Revised NESHAP for

the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category

.

Emissions of lead and arsenic from secondary lead smelters have

declined over the last 15 years as a result of federal rules, state

rules and on the industry’s own initiative. The final rule will cut

lead and arsenic emissions by an estimated 68 percent from current

actual emission levels based on the ICR data collected for this

rulemaking N ET

. AN ET The final rule will result in estimated annual lead

emissions reductions of 6.9 tpy from process and process fugitive

sources and annual lead emissions reductions of 6.4 tpy from fugitive

dust sources from 2009 baseline emissions (for a total annual***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 95 of 183

9 T o t a l m e t a l H A P c o n s i s t s o f a nt i m o ny

, a r

s e n i c

, b e r y ll i u m

, c a d m i u m, c

h r o m i u m, l e a d

, m a n g

a n e s e

, n i c k e l a nd s e l e n i u m. reduction of 13.3 tons per year). AN ET The expected annual reduction in

total metal HAP 9 is 8.7 tpy from process and process fugitive sources

and the expected annual reduction is 7.2 tpy from fugitive dust

sources (total annual metal HAP reductions are estimated at 15.9

tons). We estimate that these controls will also reduce emissions of

total particulate matter (PM) AN ET by 135 tpy.

Based on the emissions data available to the EPA, we believe that

all facilities will be able to comply with the final emissions limits

for THC and D/F without additional controls. However, we expect that

emissions reductions will occur due to increased temperatures of

afterburners AN ET and from improved work practices. Nevertheless, it is

difficult to estimate accurate reductions from these actions and,

therefore, we are not providing quantified estimates of reductions for

THC and D/F.

C. What are the cost impacts?

As a result of this final rule, certain secondary lead smelting

facilities are expected to incur capital costs for the following types

of control measures: replacement of existing baghouses with new,

higher-performing baghouses, replacement of bags in existing baghouses

with better-performing materials, construction of new enclosures for

processes not currently enclosed, modification of partially enclosed

structures to meet the requirements of total enclosure, and

installation of fabric filters on enclosures.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 96 of 183

The capital costs for each facility were estimated based on the

number and types of upgrades we estimate that facility will require.

Each facility was evaluated for its ability to meet the final limits

for lead emissions, THC emissions, D/F emissions, and fugitive dust

emissions. The memorandum titled: Cost Impacts of the Revised NESHAP

for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category includes a complete

description of the cost estimate methods used for this analysis and is

available in the docket.

The majority of the capital costs estimated for compliance with

this action are for purchasing new enclosures and the associated

control devices that would be required for these enclosures. For each

facility, we estimated the square footage of new enclosures required

based on the size of enclosures currently in place compared to

facilities that we considered to be totally enclosed with a similar

production capacity. We further assumed that the facilities that

required a substantial degree of new enclosure would re-configure

their facilities, particularly the storage areas, to reduce the

footprint of areas subject to total enclosure requirements.

Based on our analysis of the facility configurations, seven

facilities were considered already to be totally enclosed. Two

facilities are currently installing enclosure structures and equipment

that we anticipate will meet the requirements. Consequently, the

capital costs do not include estimates for these nine facilities. We

estimate that the remaining six facilities will require new building***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 97 of 183

installations, thereby incurring capital costs. For the one facility

currently under construction, we estimated one additional baghouse

would be required.

Typical enclosure costs were estimated using information and

algorithms from the Permanent Total Enclosures chapter in the EPA Air

Pollution Control Cost Manual. New baghouse costs were estimated using

a model based primarily on the cost information for recent baghouse

installations submitted by facilities in the ICR survey. The total

capital cost estimate for the enclosures, the ductwork system, and

control devices at the seven facilities is approximately $38 million,

at an annualized cost of $6.4 million in 2009 dollars (an average of

about $1 million per facility).

We also estimated annual costs for the required work practices in

this action. Based on the ICR survey information, we estimated that

additional costs would be required to implement the work practices at

12 of the 16 facilities. The total annual costs to implement the

fugitive emissions work practices are approximately $3 million per

year.

For compliance with the stack lead concentration limit, we

compared each stack emission point’s lead concentration (reported to

the EPA under the ICR) to the requirement of 1.0 mg/dscm of lead for

any one stack. If the reported concentration exceeded 0.5 mg/dscm (one

half the standard), we assumed that the facility would either upgrade

the baghouse with new bags and additional maintenance or completely***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 98 of 183

replace the baghouse, depending on the age of the baghouse (as

explained further below). This cost estimate presents an upper-end

estimate of the cost impacts of the final rule that assumes facilities

will strive to operate well below the standard to ensure process

variability does not cause emission rates approaching the maximum

level allowed by the standard. If the baghouse was less than 10 years

old and the lead concentration in the outlet was not appreciably over

one half the standard (i.e. 0.5 mg/dscm), we assumed that the baghouse

would require maintenance and bag replacement. If the baghouse was

more than 10 years old and the lead concentration was appreciably over

the standard, we assumed the baghouse would be replaced. We then

compared each facility’s emissions with the flow-weighted, facilitywide concentration limit of 0.20 mg/dscm using the assumption that

baghouses needing replacement based on the 1.0 mg/dscm individual

stack limit would be replaced with units that performed at least as

well as the average baghouse identified in our data set. These

analyses indicate that nine baghouses would need to be replaced, and

two baghouses would require additional maintenance. To estimate costs,

we used a model based primarily on the cost information submitted in

the ICR for recent baghouse installations in this industry. We assumed

an increase in maintenance cost based on more frequent bag changes

(from once every 5 years to once every 2 years). The total capital

cost for nine new baghouses at five facilities is estimated to be

approximately $12.6 million, and total annual costs were estimated to***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 99 of 183

be approximately $3.0 million.

New limits are being promulgated for THC and D/F emissions from

reverberatory and electric furnaces. We anticipate all operating

affected units will be able to meet the limits without installing

additional controls; however, we have estimated additional costs of

$260,000 per year for facilities to increase the temperature of their

existing afterburners to ensure continuous compliance with the

standards. (We also considered this additional energy use as part of

our analysis of whether the standards are warranted under CAA section

112 (d)(6). See Draft Cost Impacts for the Secondary Lead Smelting

Source Category , available in the docket, at page 7).

The capital cost estimated for additional differential pressure

monitors for total enclosures is $106,000. The cost for all additional

monitoring and recordkeeping requirements, including the baghouse

monitoring, is estimated at $791,000.

The total annualized costs for the final rule are estimated at

$13.4 million (2009 dollars). Table 5 of this preamble provides a

summary of the estimated costs and emissions reductions associated

with the final amendments to the Secondary Lead Smelting NESHAP

presented in today’s action. More detail on the estimated costs of

today’s final rule can be found in Cost Impacts for the Secondary Lead

Smelting Source Category , available in the docket.

Table 5. Estimated Costs and Reductions for the Promulgated Standards

in this Action

F i n a l

A m e n d m e nt E s t i m a t e d

C a p i t a l E s t i m a t e d

A n n u a l T o t a l H A P

E m i s s i o n s

R e d u c t i o n s C o s t E f f e c t i v e n e s s

i n $ p e r t o n t o t a l

H A P r e d u c t i o n***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 100 of 183

E s t i m a t e d

C a p i t a l

C o s t

( $ M M) E s t i m a t e d

A n n u a l

C o s t

( $ M M) T o t a l H A P

E m i s s i o n s

R e d u c t i o n s

( t o n s p e r y e a r) C o s t E f f e c t i v e n e s s

i n $ p e r t o n t o t a l

H A P r e d u c t i o n

( $ p e r p o u n d)

R e v i s e d s t a c k

l e a d

e m i s s i o n s

l i m it 1 2 .6 3 .0 8

. 7 o f m e t a l

H AP 2 ( 6

. 9 o f

w h i c h i s l e a d) $ 0

. 3 4 M M p e r t o n

( $ 1 7 0 p e r p o u n d)

T o t a l

e n c l o s u r e o f

f u g i t i v e

e m i s s i o n s

s o u r c es 38 6 .4 5

. 2 o f m e t a l

H AP 2 ( 4

. 6 o f

w h i c h i s l e a d) $ 1

. 0 M M p e r t on

( $ 5 0 0 p e r p o u n d)

F u g i t i v e

c o n t r o l w o r k

p r a c t i c es 0 3 .0 2

. 0 o f m e t a l

H AP 2 ( 1

. 8 o f

w h i c h i s l e a d) $ 1

. 5 M M p e r t o n

( $ 7 5 0 p e r p o u n d)

T H C a n d D / F

c o n c e n t r a t i o n

l i m i ts 0 0 .3 2 9 .6 1 $ 0

. 0 1 M M p e r t on

A d d i t i o n a l

t e s t i n g a n d

m o n i t o r i ng 0 .3 0

. 79 N /A N /A

1 B a s e d o n t o t a l o r g a n i c H A P r e d u c t i o n s a s a c o

- b e n e f i t o f c o m p l i a n c e w i t h

s t a n d a r d s f o r d i o x i n s a n d f u r a ns

.

2 M e t a l H A P c o n s i s t i n g o f a n t i m o n y

, a r s e n i c

, b e r y l l i u m

, c a d m i u m

, c h r o m i u m

, l e a d

, m a n g a n e s e

, n i c k e l

, a n d s e l e n i um

The EPA notes that the cost effectiveness of the controls for

stack emissions of metal HAP are within the range of values the agency

has determined to be reasonable in other section 112 rules. Indeed,

EPA determined that a value of $175 per pound of metal HAP removed was

reasonable when determining standards for the iron and steel foundry

source category, an area source standard reflecting the less rigorous

Generally Available Control Technology under section 112(d)(5). See 73

FR at 249. Thus, EPA regards the cost effectiveness of the standards

for metal HAP here as reasonable, for purposes of the standards

adopted pursuant to sections 112 (f)(2) (ample margin of safety

determination) and 112 (d)(6). The measures required to control***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 101 of 183

fugitive emissions are also cost effective, based largely on the fact

that much of the industry has implemented some or all of the measures

required in this final rule. The cost effectiveness for THC and D/F is

presented as a point of information. Since those standards are MACT

floor standards adopted pursuant to sections 112 (d)(3),

considerations of cost and cost-effectiveness played no part in EPA’s

consideration.

D. What are the economic impacts?

We performed an economic impact analysis for secondary lead

consumers and producers nationally. Most secondary lead producers

will incur annual compliance costs of much less than 1 percent of

their sales, but one firm will incur costs of greater than 1 percent.

Both demand and supply in this sector are generally inelastic to price

changes as shown in the Economic Impact Analysis at page 4. Thus, if

producers could pass through the entire cost of the rule to consumers,

we would expect prices to increase by no more than one percent, with

no change in output. Conversely, if producers could not pass through

any of the cost by increasing the price, we would expect output to

decline by less than one percent.

Hence, the overall economic impact of this proposed rule should

be low on most of the affected industry and its consumers. For more

information, please refer to the Economic Impact Analysis for this

rulemaking that is in the docket.

E. What are the benefits?***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 102 of 183

10 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/ecas/regdata/RIAs/finalpbriach5.pdf The estimated reductions in lead emissions that will be achieved

by this final rule will provide significant benefits to public health.

For example, as described in the EPA’s 2008 Regulatory Impact Analysis

(RIA) that was completed for the lead NAAQS (which is available in the

docket for this action and also on the EPA’s website) 10 attaining a

standard of 0.15 ug/m 3 nationwide would yield 400,000 IQ points for

children younger than age 7. These additional IQ points estimated for

the lead NAAQS provide an economic benefit of between $3.5 and $5

billion (3% discount rate, 2006$), a reflection of increased lifetime

earnings among these populations.

As noted in that RIA, there were also several other lead-related

health effects for which the EPA was unable to quantify a monetized

benefit--particularly among adults. These potential impacts included

hypertension, non-fatal strokes, reproductive effects and premature

mortality, among others.

When viewed in this context, the reductions in concentrations of

ambient lead that will be achieved with this RTR for secondary lead

smelters are expected to provide important benefits to both children

and adults. The EPA did not quantify these benefits because this rule

did not trigger the requirement for conducting an RIA under Executive

Order 12866, in addition to resource and data limitations for this

rule. However, as noted at proposal, this rule should result in areas***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 103 of 183

11 I t i s p o ss

i b l e th a t S I P

s m a y r e qu i r e s o m e o f th e

s a m e typ e s o f c o n t r o l s o n th e s

e s o u r c e s ( o r m a y r e l y o n th e c

o nt r o l s i n

th e s e r u l e s a s p a r t o f a c

o nt r o l s t r a t e g y )

. E P A c a nn o t

, o f c

o u r s e

, p r e- j u d g e th e S I P p r o c e s s

. W h a t i s c l e a r i s th a t th i s r u l e

s h o u l d c o nt r i but e s i g n i f i c a nt l y t o a tt a i n m e n t o f th e l e a d N A AQS.

12 U

. S

. E nv i r o n m e nt a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ( U

. S

. E P A )

. 2009

. In te g r a te d S c i e n c e A s s e ss m e n t f o r P a r t i c u l a te M a tte r (

F i n a l

R e p o r t )

. E P A

- 600 -R

- 08

- 139F

. Na t i o n a l C

e nt e r f o r E nv i r o n m e nt a l A ss e s s m e nt

— R T P D i v i s i o n

.

< http :// c f pub

. e p a

. g o v / n c e a / cf m / r e c o r d i s p l a y

. c f m ? d e i d

= 216546>

. a t t a i n i n g t h e l e a d N AA Q S w h e r e t h e s e c o n d a r y l ea d s m e l t i n g s o u r c e d o m i n a t e s t h e a r e a s ’ am b i e n t

l e a d c o n c e n t r a t i o n s

. S ee 7 6 F R a t 2 9 0 6 3- 6 4

. A l t h o u g h t h e s

e s t a nd a r d s a r e n o t a d o p t

e d t o i m p l e m e n t

t h e l e a d NAAQS, and rest on legal and policy justifications that are

unrelated to the requirements for adopting, revising, and implementing

a NAAQS (e.g. CAA sections 112 (d) (2), (3), 6 and CAA section 112

(f)(2) as opposed to CAA sections 107-110), nonetheless these rules

will aid in the attainment of the lead NAAQS. 11

In addition to the benefits likely to be achieved for lead

reductions, we also estimate that this final RTR rule will achieve

about 39 to 63 tons of reductions in PM

2.5 emissions as a co-benefit of

the HAP reductions annually. See Development of the RTR Emissions

Dataset for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category at section

8.3, which is available in the docket for information on how the PM

2.5

emission reductions were calculated based on total PM reductions.

Reducing exposure to PM

2.5 is associated with significant human health

benefits, including avoiding mortality and respiratory morbidity.

Researchers have associated PM

2.5 exposure with adverse health effects

in numerous toxicological, clinical and epidemiological studies (U.S.

EPA, 2009) 12 . When adequate data and resources are available and an***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 104 of 183

13 U

. S

. E nv i r o n m e nt a l P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ( U

. S

. E P A )

. 2010

. R e g u l a t o r y I m p a c t A n al y s i s f o r t h e P r o po s e d F e d e r a l T r an s p o r t

R u l e

. O f f i c e o f A i r Q u a l i ty P l a nn i n g a nd S t a n d a r d s, R e s e a r c h T r i a n g l e P

a r k

, N C

.

< http :// w w w

. e p a

. g o v / ttn / e c a s / r e g d a t a / R I A s / p r o p o s a l t r r i a

_ f i n a l

. pd f>

. R I A i s r eq u i r e d

, the EPA generally quantifies several health effects

associated with exposure to PM

2.5 (e.g., U.S. EPA, 2010) 13 . These health

effects include premature mortality for adults and infants,

cardiovascular morbidities such as heart attacks, hospital admissions,

and respiratory morbidities such as asthma attacks, acute and chronic

bronchitis, hospital and emergency department visits, work loss days,

restricted activity days, and respiratory symptoms. Although the EPA

has not quantified certain outcomes including adverse effects on birth

weight, pre-term births, pulmonary function and other cardiovascular

and respiratory effects, the scientific literature suggests that

exposure to PM 2.5 is also associated with these impacts (U.S. EPA,

2009).

Finally, the final rule will provide human health benefits

through reductions in arsenic and cadmium emissions, as well as

reductions in emissions of organic HAP (including dioxins and furans).

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Orders 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review, and

Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

Under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this

action is a “significant regulatory action.” This action is a

significant regulatory action because it raises novel legal and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

Release During Review***

Page 105 of 183

policy issues. Accordingly, the EPA submitted this action to the

Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review under Executive

Order 12866 and Executive Order 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011),

and any changes made in response to OMB recommendations have been

documented in the docket for this action.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

The information collection requirements in this rule have been

submitted for approval to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

under the Paperwork Reduction Act , 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq

. The

Information Collection Request (ICR) document prepared by the EPA has

been assigned EPA ICR number 1686.09. The information collection

requirements are not enforceable until OMB approves them. The

information requirements are based on notification, recordkeeping, and

reporting requirements in the NESHAP General Provisions (40 CFR part

63, subpart A), which are mandatory for all operators subject to

national emissions standards. These recordkeeping and reporting

requirements are specifically authorized by CAA section 114 (42 U.S.C.

7414). All information submitted to the EPA pursuant to the

recordkeeping and reporting requirements for which a claim of

confidentiality is made is safeguarded according to Agency policies

set forth in 40 CFR part 2, subpart B.

We are promulgating new paperwork requirements to the Secondary

Lead Smelting source category in the form of stack testing for THC and

D/F as described in 40 CFR 63.543(h)-(k). In conjunction with setting***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 106 of 183

THC limits for reverberatory and electric furnaces, additional

monitoring and recordkeeping is required for furnace outlet

temperature on these units. We believe temperature monitors currently

exist in these locations and that the facilities will not incur a

capital cost due to this requirement (and received no comments to

indicate otherwise). Additionally, increased monitoring is required

for demonstrating negative pressure in all total enclosures. To

provide the public with an estimate of the relative magnitude of the

burden associated with an assertion of the affirmative defense

position adopted by a source, the EPA has provided administrative

adjustments to this ICR to show what the notification, recordkeeping

and reporting requirements associated with the assertion of the

affirmative defense might entail. The EPA’s estimate for the required

notification, reports and records for any individual incident,

including the root cause analysis, totals $3,141 and is based on the

time and effort required of a source to review relevant data,

interview plant employees, and document the events surrounding a

malfunction that has caused an exceedance of an emissions limit. The

estimate also includes time to produce and retain the record and

reports for submission to the EPA. The EPA provides this illustrative

estimate of this burden because these costs are only incurred if there

has been a violation and a source chooses to take advantage of the

affirmative defense.

Given the variety of circumstances under which malfunctions could***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 107 of 183

occur, as well as differences among sources' operation and maintenance

practices, we cannot reliably predict the severity and frequency of

malfunction-related excess emissions events for a particular source.

It is important to note that the EPA has no basis currently for

estimating the number of malfunctions for which an affirmative defense

to penalties might be asserted. Current historical records would be an

inappropriate basis, as source owners or operators previously operated

their facilities in recognition that they were exempt from the

requirement to comply with emissions standards during malfunctions. Of

the number of excess emissions events reported by source operators,

only a small number would be expected to result from a malfunction

(based on the definition above), and only a subset of excess emissions

caused by malfunctions would result in the source choosing to assert

the affirmative defense. Thus we believe the number of instances in

which source operators might be expected to assert the affirmative

defense will be extremely small. For this reason, we estimate no more

than 2 or 3 such occurrences for all sources subject to subpart X over

the 3-year period covered by this ICR. We expect to gather information

on such events in the future and will revise this estimate as better

information becomes available. We estimate 16 regulated entities are

currently subject to subpart X and will be subject to all standards.

The annual monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping burden for this

collection (averaged over the first 3 years after the effective date

of the standards) for these amendments to subpart X (Secondary Lead***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 108 of 183

Smelting) is estimated to be $790,000 per year. This includes 1,600

labor hours per year at a total labor cost of $347,000 per year, and

total non-labor capital and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of

$440,000 per year. This estimate includes performance tests,

notifications, reporting, and recordkeeping associated with the new

requirements for front-end process vents and back-end process

operations. The total burden for the Federal government (averaged over

the first 3 years after the effective date of the standard) is

estimated to be 1,150 hours per year at a total labor cost of $52,000

per year. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).

An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not

required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays

a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the

EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9. When these

ICRs are approved by OMB, the Agency will publish a technical

amendment to 40 CFR part 9 in the Federal Register to display the OMB

control numbers for the approved information collection requirements

contained in the final rules.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency

to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to

notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative

Procedure Act or any other statute unless the agency certifies that

the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 109 of 183

number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses,

small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions.

For purposes of assessing the impacts of this final rule on small

entities, small entity is defined as: (1) a small business as defined

by the Small Business Administration’s (SBA) regulations at 13 CFR

121.201; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of

a city, county, town, school district or special district with a

population of less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is

any not-for-profit enterprise that is independently owned and operated

and is not dominant in its field. For this source category, which has

the NAICS code 331419 (i.e., Secondary Smelting and Refining of

Nonferrous Metal (except copper and aluminum)), the SBA small business

size standard is 750 employees according to the SBA small business

standards definitions. We have estimated the cost impacts and have

determined that the impacts do not constitute a significant economic

impact on a substantial number of small entities (see: Small Business

Analysis for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category which is

available in the docket for this action )

.

After considering the economic impacts of today’s final rule on

small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant

economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Two of the

eight parent companies affected are considered a small entity per the

definition provided in this section. However, we estimate that this

action will not have a significant economic impact on those companies***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 110 of 183

(See: Small Business Analysis for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source

Category) . All other affected parent companies are not small

businesses according to the SBA small business size standard for the

affected NAICS code (NAICS 331419).

Although this final rule will not have a significant economic

impact on a substantial number of small entities, the EPA nonetheless

has tried to reduce the impact of this rule on small entities. To

reduce the impacts, we are promulgating stack limits for lead that

allow sources to meet a standard based on aggregated emissions that

are based on a weighted average approach (with each stack required to

achieve a specified minimum level of control) and have been

established at the least stringent levels that we estimate will still

result in acceptable risks to public health with an ample margin of

safety. Moreover, the compliance testing requirements were established

in a way that minimizes the costs for testing and reporting while

still providing the Agency the necessary information needed to ensure

continuous compliance with the standards. For more information, please

refer to Small Business Evaluation for the Secondary Lead Smelting

Source Category , which is available in docket ID EPA-HQ-OAR-2011-0344.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

This action does not contain a Federal mandate under the

provisions of Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

(UMRA), 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538 for State, local, or tribal governments or

the private sector. The action would not result in expenditures of***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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$100 million or more for State, local, and tribal governments, in

aggregate, or the private sector in any 1 year. The action imposes no

enforceable duties on any State, local or tribal governments or the

private sector. Thus, this action is not subject to the requirements

of sections 202 or 205 of the UMRA.

This action is also not subject to the requirements of section

203 of UMRA because it contains no regulatory requirements that might

significantly or uniquely affect small governments because it contains

no requirements that apply to such governments nor does it impose

obligations upon them.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

This action does not have federalism implications. It will not

have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship

between the national government and the States, or on the

distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels

of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132. These final

rules primarily affect private industry, and do not impose

significant economic costs on State or local governments. Thus,

Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this action.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian

Tribal Governments

This action does not have tribal implications, as specified in

Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000). It will not

have substantial direct effect on tribal governments, on the***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 112 of 183

relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on

the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal

government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175.

Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental

Health Risks and Safety Risks

This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885,

April 23, 1997) because it is not economically significant as defined

in Executive Order 12866. However, the Agency does believe there is a

disproportionate risk to children due to current emissions of lead

from this source category. Children living near secondary lead

smelters are the subpopulation most susceptible to effects of airborne lead, as explained in detail in section V.A above. The primary

NAAQS for lead targets protection to this population, and is a

reasonable measure for evaluating acceptability of risk here, again as

explained in section V.A. Modeled ambient air lead concentrations,

based on actual emission levels, from about 9 of the 15 facilities in

this source category are in excess of the NAAQS for lead. Also, the

results of the demographic analysis indicate that of the 84,000 people

exposed to a cancer risk greater than 1-in-1 million, the age 0 to 17

demographic percentage (of 30%) is 3 percentage points higher than the

corresponding national percentage for this demographic group (of 27%).

This suggests that children may be at a slightly disproportionate risk

of exposure to cancer risks from this source category. However, the***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 113 of 183

control measures promulgated in this notice will result in lead

concentration levels at or below the lead NAAQS at all facilities,

thereby mitigating the risk of future adverse health effects to

children. See Section IV.A of this preamble and The Residual Risk

Assessment for the Secondary Lead Smelting Source Category , which is

available in the docket for this action, for discussions of postcontrol risks.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That

Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

This action is not a “significant energy action” as defined in

Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355 (May 22, 2001)), because it is not

likely to have a significant adverse energy effect on the supply,

distribution, or use of energy. This action will not create any new

requirements for sources in the energy supply, distribution, or use

sectors. Further, we have concluded that these final rules are not

likely to have any adverse energy effects (and indeed, rejected

certain types of control options, such as standards based on use of

wet electrostatic precipitators, in part because of adverse energy

implications).

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement

Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law No. 104-113, 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272

note) directs the EPA to use voluntary consensus standards (VCS) in

its regulatory activities, unless to do so would be inconsistent with***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 114 of 183

applicable law or otherwise impractical. VCS are technical standards

(e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures,

and business practices) that are developed or adopted by VCS bodies.

NTTAA directs the EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations

when the agency decides not to use available and applicable VCS.

This action involves technical standards. The EPA requires use of

ASME PTC 19.10-1981, “Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses,” for its manual

methods of measuring the oxygen or carbon dioxide content of the

exhaust gas. These parts of ASME PTC 19.10-1981 are acceptable

alternatives to EPA Method 3B. This standard is available from the

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue,

New York, NY 10016–5990.

Under 40 CFR 63.7(f) and 40 CFR 63.8(f) of Subpart A of the

General Provisions, a source may apply to the EPA for permission to

use alternative test methods or alternative monitoring requirements in

place of any required testing methods, performance specifications, or

procedures in the final rule.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental

Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) establishes

federal executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision

directs federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and

permitted by law, to make environmental justice part of their mission

by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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a nd a d v e r s e h u ma n h ea l t h o r e n v i r

o n m e n t a l e ff e c t s o f t h e i r p r o g r am s

, p o l i c i e s

, a nd a c t i v i t i e s o n

m i n o r i t y po p u l a t i o n s a n d l o w

- i n c o m e p o pu l a t i o n s i n t h e U n i t

ed S t a t e s

.

The EPA has determined that this final rule will not have

disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental

effects on minority or low-income populations because it increases the

level of environmental protection for all affected populations without

having any disproportionately high and adverse human health or

environmental effects on any population, including any minority or lowincome population.

To examine the potential for any environmental justice issues

that might be associated with each source category, we evaluated the

distributions of HAP related cancer and non-cancer risks across

different social, demographic, and economic groups within the

populations living near the facilities where these source categories

are located. The development of demographic analyses to inform the

consideration of environmental justice issues in EPA rulemakings is

evolving.

In the case of Secondary Lead Smelting, we focused on populations

within 50 km of the 15 facilities in this source category with

emissions sources subject to the MACT standard. More specifically, for

these populations we evaluated exposures to HAP that could result in

cancer risks of 1-in-1 million or greater, or population exposures to

ambient air lead concentrations above the level of the NAAQS for lead.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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We compared the percentages of particular demographic groups within

the focused populations to the total percentages of those demographic

groups nationwide. The results of this analysis are documented in the

technical report: Risk and Technology Review - Final Analysis of SocioEconomic Factors for Populations Living Near Secondary Lead Smelting

Facilities which can be found in the docket for this rulemaking. The

actions in today’s final rule will significantly decrease the risks

due to HAP emissions from this source category for all demographic

groups and mitigate any disproportionate risks due to those emissions.

K. Congressional Review Act

The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801, et seq ., as added by

the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996,

generally provides that, before a rule may take effect, the agency

promulgating the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy

of the rule, to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller

General of the United States. The EPA will submit a report containing

this final rule and other required information to the United States

Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and the

Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of the

final rule in the Federal Register . A major rule cannot take effect

until 60 days after it is published in the Federal Register . This

action is not a “major rule” as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). The final

rules will be effective on [INSERT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THIS

FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ].***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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List of Subjects for 40 CFR Part 63

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and

procedures, Air pollution control, Hazardous substances,

Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations,

Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

______________ Dated: XXXXX XX, 2011.

________________________ Lisa P. Jackson,

Administrator.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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For the reasons stated in the preamble, part 63 of title 40,

chapter I, of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as

follows:

PART 63—[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 63 continues to read as

follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, et seq.

2. Part 63 is amended by revising subpart X to read as follows:

Subpart X--National Emission Standards For Hazardous Air

Pollutants From Secondary Lead Smelting

63.541 Applicability.

63.542 Definitions.

63.543 What are my standards for process vents?

63.544 What are my total enclosure standards?

63.545 What are my standards for fugitive dust sources?

63.546 Compliance dates.

63.547 Test methods.

63.548 Monitoring requirements.

63.549 Notification requirements.

63.550 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

63.551 Implementation and enforcement.

63.552 Affirmative Defense to Civil Penalties for Exceedance of

Emissions Limit During Malfunction

Tables to Subpart X

Table 1 to Subpart X of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability

to Subpart X

Table 2 to Subpart X of Part 63—Emissions limits for Secondary

Lead Smelting Furnaces

Table 3 to Subpart X of Part 63—Toxic Equivalency Factors

Subpart X

—National Emission Standards For Hazardous Air

Pollutants From Secondary Lead Smelting***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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§ 63.541 Applicability.

(a) You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate

any of the following affected sources at a secondary lead

smelter: blast, reverberatory, rotary, and electric furnaces;

refining kettles; agglomerating furnaces; dryers; process

fugitive emissions sources; buildings containing lead bearing

materials; and fugitive dust sources. The provisions of this

subpart do not apply to primary lead processors, lead refiners,

or lead remelters.

(b) Table 1 to this subpart specifies the provisions of

subpart A of this part that apply to owners and operators of

secondary lead smelters subject to this subpart.

(c) If you are subject to the provisions of this subpart,

you are also subject to title V permitting requirements under 40

CFR parts 70 or 71, as applicable.

(d) Emissions standards in this subpart apply at all times.

§ 63.542 Definitions.

Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act,

in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows:

Affected source means any of the following sources at a

secondary lead smelter: blast, reverberatory, rotary, and

electric furnaces; refining kettles; agglomerating furnaces;

dryers; process fugitive emissions sources; buildings containing

lead bearing materials; and fugitive dust sources.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Affirmative defense means, in the context of an enforcement

proceeding, a response or defense put forward by a defendant,

regarding which the defendant has the burden of proof, and the

merits of which are independently and objectively evaluated in a

judicial or administrative proceeding.

Agglomerating furnace means a furnace used to melt into a

solid mass flue dust that is collected from a baghouse.

Bag leak detection system means an instrument that is

capable of monitoring particulate matter (dust) loadings in the

exhaust of a baghouse in order to detect bag failures. A bag leak

detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument

that operates on triboelectric, light scattering, transmittance

or other effect to monitor relative particulate matter loadings.

Battery breaking area means the plant location at which leadacid batteries are broken, crushed, or disassembled and separated

into components.

Blast furnace means a smelting furnace consisting of a

vertical cylinder atop a crucible, into which lead-bearing charge

materials are introduced at the top of the furnace and combustion

air is introduced through tuyeres at the bottom of the cylinder,

and that uses coke as a fuel source and that is operated at such

a temperature in the combustion zone (greater than 980 °Celsius)

that lead compounds are chemically reduced to elemental lead

metal.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Blast furnace charging location means the physical opening

through which raw materials are introduced into a blast furnace.

Collocated blast furnace and reverberatory furnace means

operation at the same location of a blast furnace and a

reverberatory furnace where the vent streams of the furnaces are

mixed before cooling, with the volumetric flow rate discharged

from the blast furnace being equal to or less than that

discharged from the reverberatory furnace.

Dryer means a chamber that is heated and that is used to

remove moisture from lead-bearing materials before they are

charged to a smelting furnace.

Dryer transition equipment means the junction between a

dryer and the charge hopper or conveyor, or the junction between

the dryer and the smelting furnace feed chute or hopper located

at the ends of the dryer.

Electric furnace means a smelting furnace consisting of a

vessel into which reverberatory furnace slag is introduced and

that uses electrical energy to heat the reverberatory furnace

slag to such a temperature (greater than 980 °Celsius) that lead

compounds are reduced to elemental lead metal.

Fugitive dust source means a stationary source of hazardous

air pollutant emissions at a secondary lead smelter that is not

associated with a specific process or process fugitive vent or

stack. Fugitive dust sources include, but are not limited to,***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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roadways, storage piles, lead bearing material handling transfer

points, lead bearing material transport areas, lead bearing

material storage areas, other lead bearing material process

areas, and buildings.

Furnace and refining/casting area means any area of a

secondary lead smelter in which:

(1) Smelting furnaces are located;

(2) Refining operations occur; or

(3) Casting operations occur.

Lead alloy means an alloy in which the predominant component

is lead.

Lead bearing material means material with a lead content

equal to or greater than 5 mg/l as measured by EPA Method 1311

(Under Method 1311, only materials with at least 100 ppm lead

will be considered to be lead bearing).

Leeward wall means the furthest exterior wall of a total

enclosure that is opposite the windward wall.

Maintenance activity means any of the following routine

maintenance and repair activities that could generate fugitive

lead dust:

(1) Replacement or repair of refractory, or any internal or

external part of equipment used to process, handle or control

lead-containing materials.

(2) Replacement of any duct section used to convey lead-***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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containing exhaust.

(3) Metal cutting or welding that penetrates the metal

structure of any equipment, and its associated components, used

to process lead-containing material such that lead dust within

the internal structure or its components can become fugitive lead

dust.

(4) Resurfacing, repair or removal of ground, pavement,

concrete, or asphalt.

Materials storage and handling area means any area of a

secondary lead smelter in which lead-bearing materials

(including, but not limited to, broken battery components,

reverberatory furnace slag, flue dust, and dross) are stored or

handled between process steps including, but not limited to,

areas in which materials are stored in open piles, bins, or tubs,

and areas in which material is prepared for charging to a

smelting furnace.

Natural draft opening means any permanent opening in an

enclosure that remains open during operation of the facility and

is not connected to a duct in which a fan is installed.

New source means any affected source at a secondary lead

smelting facility the construction or reconstruction of which is

commenced after May 19, 2011. A building that is constructed for

the purpose of controlling fugitive emissions from an existing

source is not considered to be a new source.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Partial enclosure means a structure comprised of walls or

partitions on at least three sides or three-quarters of the

perimeter surrounding stored materials or process equipment to

prevent the entrainment of particulate matter into the air.

Pavement cleaning means the use of vacuum equipment, water

sprays, or a combination thereof to remove dust or other

accumulated material from the paved areas of a secondary lead

smelter.

Plant roadway means any area of a secondary lead smelter

outside of a total enclosure that is subject to vehicle traffic,

including traffic by forklifts, front-end loaders, or vehicles

carrying whole batteries or cast lead ingots. Excluded from this

definition are employee and visitor parking areas, provided they

are not subject to traffic by vehicles carrying lead-bearing

materials.

Pressurized dryer breaching seal means a seal system

connecting the dryer transition pieces which is maintained at a

higher pressure than the inside of the dryer.

Process fugitive emissions source means a source of

hazardous air pollutant emissions at a secondary lead smelter

that is associated with lead smelting or refining, but is not the

primary exhaust stream from a smelting furnace, and is not a

fugitive dust source. Process fugitive emissions sources include,

but are not limited to, smelting furnace charging points,***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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smelting furnace lead and slag taps, refining kettles,

agglomerating furnaces, and drying kiln transition pieces.

Process vent means furnace vents, dryer vents, agglomeration

furnace vents, vents from battery breakers, vents from buildings

containing lead bearing material, and any ventilation system

controlling lead emissions.

Refining kettle means an open-top vessel that is constructed

of cast iron or steel and is indirectly heated from below and

contains molten lead for the purpose of refining and alloying the

lead. Included are pot furnaces, receiving kettles, and holding

kettles.

Reverberatory furnace means a refractory-lined furnace that

uses one or more flames to heat the walls and roof of the furnace

and lead-bearing scrap to such a temperature (greater than 980

°Celsius) that lead compounds are chemically reduced to elemental

lead metal.

Rotary furnace (also known as a rotary reverberatory

furnace) means a furnace consisting of a refractory-lined chamber

that rotates about a horizontal axis and that uses one or more

flames to heat the walls of the furnace and lead-bearing scrap to

such a temperature (greater than 980 °Celsius) that lead

compounds are chemically reduced to elemental lead metal.

Secondary lead smelter means any facility at which leadbearing scrap material, primarily, but not limited to, lead-acid***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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batteries, is recycled into elemental lead or lead alloys by

smelting.

Shutdown means the period when no lead bearing materials are

being fed to the furnace and smelting operations have ceased

during which the furnace is cooled from steady-state operating

temperature to ambient temperature.

Smelting means the chemical reduction of lead compounds to

elemental lead or lead alloys through processing in hightemperature (greater than 980 °Celsius) furnaces including, but

not limited to, blast furnaces, reverberatory furnaces, rotary

furnaces, and electric furnaces.

Startup means the period when no led bearing materials have

been fed to the furnace and smelting operations have not yet

commenced during which the furnace is heated from ambient

temperature to steady-state operating temperature.

Total enclosure means a containment building that is

completely enclosed with a floor, walls, and a roof to prevent

exposure to the elements and to assure containment of lead

bearing material with limited openings to allow access and egress

for people and vehicles. The total enclosure must provide an

effective barrier against fugitive dust emissions such that the

direction of air flow through any openings is inward and the

enclosure is maintained under constant negative pressure.

Vehicle wash means a device for removing dust and other***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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accumulated material from the wheels, body, and underside of a

vehicle to prevent the inadvertent transfer of lead contaminated

material to another area of a secondary lead smelter or to public

roadways.

Wet suppression means the use of water, water combined with

a chemical surfactant, or a chemical binding agent to prevent the

entrainment of dust into the air from fugitive dust sources.

Windward wall means the exterior wall of a total enclosure

that is most impacted by the wind in its most prevailing

direction determined by a wind rose using available data from the

closest representative meteorological station.

§ 63.543 What are my standards for process vents?

(a) For existing sources, you must maintain the

concentration of lead compounds in any process vent gas at or

below 1.0 milligrams of lead per dry standard cubic meter

(0.00043 grains of lead per dry standard cubic foot). You must

maintain the flow-weighted average concentration of lead

compounds in vent gases from a secondary lead smelting facility

at or below 0.20 milligrams of lead per dry standard cubic meter

(0.000087 grains of lead per dry standard cubic foot).

(1) You must demonstrate compliance with the flow weighted

average emissions limit on a 12-month rolling average basis,

calculated monthly using the most recent test data available.

(2) Until 12 monthly weighted average emissions rates have***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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been accumulated, calculate only the monthly average weighted

emissions rate.

(3) You must use Equation 1 of this section to calculate

the flow-weighted average concentration of lead compounds from

process vents:



# ∑

∑

= 

## ×

=

n

i i n

i ii

F WA



## F CF

C 1

(Eq. 1)

Where:

C

FWA = Flow-weighted average concentration of all process

vents.

n = Number of process vents.

F i = Flow rate from process vent i in dry standard cubic

feet per minute, as measured during the most recent

compliance test.

C i = Concentration of lead in process vent i , as measured

during the most recent compliance test.

(4) Each month, you must use the concentration of lead and

flow rate obtained during the most recent compliance test

performed prior to or during that month to perform the

calculation using Equation 1 of this section.

(5) If a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) is

used to measure the concentration of lead in a vent, the monthly

average lead concentration and monthly average flow rate must be***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 129 of 183

used rather than the most recent compliance test data.

(b) For new sources that begin construction or

reconstruction after M a y 1 9

, 2 0 11 you must maintain the

concentration of lead compounds in any process vent gas at or

below 0.20 milligrams of lead per dry standard cubic meter

(0.000087 grains of lead per dry standard cubic foot).

(c) You must meet the applicable emissions limits for total

hydrocarbons and dioxins and furans from furnace sources

specified in Table 2 of this subpart. There are no standards for

dioxins and furans during periods of startup and shutdown.

(d) If you combine furnace emissions from multiple types of

furnaces and these furnaces do not meet the definition of

collocated blast and reverberatory furnaces, you must calculate

your emissions limit for the combined furnace stream using

Equation 2 of this section.



# ∑

∑

= 

## ×

=

n

i i n

i E Lii

EL



## F CF

C 1

(Eq. 2)

Where:

C

EL = Flow-weighted average emissions limit (concentration)

of combined furnace vents.

n = Number of furnace vents.

F i = Flow rate from furnace vent i in dry standard cubic

feet per minute.

C ELi = Emissions limit (concentration) of pollutant in furnace***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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vent i as specified in Table 2 of this subpart.

(e) If you combine furnace emissions with the furnace

charging process fugitive emissions and discharge them to the

atmosphere through a common emissions point, you must demonstrate

compliance with the applicable total hydrocarbons concentration

limit specified in paragraph (c) of this section at a location

downstream from the point at which the two emissions streams are

combined.

(f) If you do not combine the furnace charging process

fugitive emissions with the furnace process emissions, and

discharge such emissions to the atmosphere through separate

emissions points, you must maintain the total hydrocarbons

concentration in the exhaust gas at or below 20 parts per million

by volume, expressed as propane and corrected to 4 percent carbon

dioxide.

(g) Following the initial performance or compliance test to

demonstrate compliance with the lead emissions limits specified

in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, you must conduct

performance tests according to the schedule in paragraph (g)(1)

or (g)(2) of this section.

(1) Conduct an annual performance test for lead compounds

from each process vent (no later than 12 calendar months

following the previous compliance test), unless you install and***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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operate a CEMS meeting the requirements of §63.8.

(2) If an annual compliance test demonstrates that a

process vent emitted lead compounds at 0.10 milligram of lead per

dry standard cubic meter or less during the time of the annual

compliance test, you may submit a written request to the

Administrator applying for an extension of up to 24 calendar

months from the previous compliance test to conduct the next

compliance test for lead compounds.

(h) Following the initial performance or compliance test to

demonstrate compliance with the total hydrocarbons emissions

limits in paragraphs (c) and (f) of this section, you must

conduct an annual performance test for total hydrocarbons

emissions from each process vent that has established limits for

total hydrocarbons (no later than 12 calendar months following

the previous compliance test), unless you install and operate a

CEMS meeting the requirements of §63.8. If an annual compliance

test demonstrates that a process vent emitted total hydrocarbons

at less than 50 percent of the allowable limit during the time of

the annual compliance test, you may submit a written request to

the Administrator applying for an extension of up to 24 calendar

months from the previous compliance test to conduct the next

compliance test for total hydrocarbons.

(i) Following the initial performance or compliance test to

demonstrate compliance with the dioxins and furans emissions***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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limits specified in paragraph (c) of this section, you must

conduct a performance test for dioxins and furans emissions from

each process vent that has established limits for dioxins and

furans at least once every 6 years following the previous

compliance test.

(j) You must conduct the performance tests specified in

paragraphs (g) through (i) of this section under maximum

representative operating conditions for the process. During the

performance test, you may operate the control device at maximum

or minimum representative operating conditions for monitored

control device parameters, whichever results in lower emission

reduction. Upon request, you must make available to the

Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the

conditions of performance tests.

(k) At all times, you must operate and maintain any

affected source, including associated air pollution control

equipment and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with

safety and good air pollution control practices for minimizing

emissions. Determination of whether such operation and

maintenance procedures are being used will be based on

information available to the Administrator that may include, but

is not limited to, monitoring results, review of operation and

maintenance procedures, review of operation and maintenance

records, and inspection of the source.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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(l) If you own or operate a unit subject to emission limits

in Table 2 of this subpart, you must minimize the unit’s startup

and shutdown periods following the manufacturer’s recommended

procedures, if available. You must develop and follow standard

operating procedures designed to minimize emissions of total

hydrocarbon for each startup or shutdown scenario anticipated.

You must submit a signed statement in the Notification of

Compliance Status report that indicates that you conducted

startups and shutdowns according to the manufacturer’s

recommended procedures, if available, and the standard operating

procedures designed to minimize emissions of total hydrocarbons.

(m) In addition to complying with the applicable emissions

limits for dioxins and furans listed in Table 2 to this subpart,

you must operate a process to separate plastic battery casing

materials from all automotive batteries prior to introducing feed

into a furnace.

§ 63.544 What are my total enclosure standards ?

(a) You must operate the process fugitive emissions sources

and fugitive dust sources listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through

(a)(9) of this section in a total enclosure that is maintained at

negative pressure at all times and vented to a control device

designed to capture lead particulate. The total enclosure must

meet the requirements specified in paragraph (c) of this section.

(1) Smelting furnaces.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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(2) Smelting furnace charging areas.

(3) Lead taps, slag taps, and molds during tapping.

(4) Battery breakers.

(5) Refining kettles, casting areas.

(6) Dryers.

(7) Agglomerating furnaces and agglomerating furnace

product taps.

(8) Material handling areas for any lead bearing materials

(drosses, slag, other raw materials) except those listed in

paragraph (b) of this section.

(9) Areas where dust from fabric filters, sweepings or used

fabric filters are processed.

(b) Total enclosures are not required in the following

areas: lead ingot product handling areas, stormwater and

wastewater treatment areas, intact battery storage areas, areas

where lead bearing material is stored in closed containers or

enclosed mechanical conveyors, and areas where clean battery

casing material is handled.

(c) You must construct and operate total enclosures for the

sources listed in paragraph (a) of this section as specified in

paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section. The total enclosure

must be free of significant cracks, gaps, corrosion or other

deterioration that could cause lead bearing material to be

released from the primary barrier. Measures must be in place to***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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prevent the tracking of lead bearing material out of the unit by

personnel or by equipment used in handling the material. An area

must be designated to decontaminate equipment and any rinsate

must be collected and properly managed.

(1) You must ventilate the total enclosure continuously to

ensure negative pressure values of at least 0.013 mm of mercury

(0.007 inches of water).

(2) You must maintain an inward flow of air through all

natural draft openings.

(d) You must inspect enclosures and facility structures

that contain any lead-bearing materials at least once per month.

You must repair any gaps, breaks, separations, leak points or

other possible routes for emissions of lead to the atmosphere

within one week of identification unless you obtain approval for

an extension from the Administrator before the repair period is

exceeded.

§ 63.545 What are my standards for fugitive dust sources?

(a) You must prepare, and at all times operate according

to, a standard operating procedures manual that describes in

detail the measures that will be put in place and implemented to

control the fugitive dust emissions from the sources listed in

paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(7) of this section.

(1) Plant roadways.

(2) Plant buildings.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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(3) Accidental releases.

(4) Battery storage area.

(5) Equipment maintenance.

(6) Material storage areas.

(7) Material handling areas.

(b) You must submit the standard operating procedures

manual to the Administrator or delegated authority for review and

approval when initially developed and any time changes are made.

(c) The controls specified in the standard operating

procedures manual must at a minimum include the requirements

specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(7) of this section.

(1) Cleaning . Where a cleaning practice is specified, you

must clean by wet wash or a vacuum equipped with a filter rated

by the manufacturer to achieve 99.97 percent capture efficiency

for 0.3 micron particles in a manner that does not generate

fugitive lead dust.

(2) Plant roadways and paved areas . You must pave all areas

subject to vehicle traffic and you must clean the pavement twice

per day, except on days when natural precipitation makes cleaning

unnecessary or when sand or a similar material has been spread on

plant roadways to provide traction on ice or snow. Limited access

and limited use roadways such as unpaved roads to remote

locations on the property may be exempt from this requirement if

they are used infrequently (no more than one round trip per day).***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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(3) Accidental releases . You must initiate cleaning of all

affected areas within one hour after detection of any accidental

release of lead dust that exceeds 10 pounds (the Comprehensive

Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

reportable quantity for lead at 40 CFR 302.4).

(4) Battery storage areas . You must inspect any batteries

that are not stored in a total enclosure twice each week and move

any broken batteries to an enclosure within 72 hours of

identification. You must clean residue from broken batteries

within 72 hours of identification.

(5) Materials storage and handling areas . You must wash

each vehicle at each exit of the material storage and handling

areas. The vehicle wash must include washing of tires,

undercarriage and exterior surface of the vehicle followed by

vehicle inspection.

(6) Equipment maintenance . You must perform all maintenance

activities that could generate lead dust in a manner that

minimizes emissions of fugitive dust. This must include one or

more of the following:

(i) Performing maintenance inside a total permanent

enclosure maintained at negative pressure.

(ii) Performing maintenance inside a temporary enclosure

and use a vacuum system either equipped with a filter rated by

the manufacturer to achieve a capture efficiency of 99.97 percent***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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for 0.3 micron particles or routed to an existing control device

permitted for this activity.

(iii) Performing maintenance inside a partial enclosure and

use of wet suppression sufficient to prevent dust formation.

(iv) Decontamination of equipment prior to removal from an

enclosure.

(v) Immediate repair of ductwork or structure leaks without

an enclosure if the time to construct a temporary enclosure would

exceed the time to make a temporary or permanent repair, or if

construction of an enclosure would cause a higher level of

emissions than if an enclosure were not constructed.

(vi) Activities required for inspection of fabric filters

and maintenance of filters that are in need of removal and

replacement are not required to be conducted inside of total

enclosures. Used fabric filters must be placed in sealed plastic

bags or containers prior to removal from a baghouse.

(7) Material transport . You must collect and transport all

lead bearing dust (i.e. lead bearing material which is a dust)

within closed conveyor systems or in sealed, leak-proof

containers unless the collection and transport activities are

contained within a total enclosure. All other lead bearing

material must be contained and covered for transport outside of a

total enclosure in a manner that prevents spillage or dust

formation. Intact batteries and lead ingot product are exempt***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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from the requirement to be covered for transport.

(d) Your standard operating procedures manual must specify

that records be maintained of all pavement cleaning, vehicle

washing, and battery storage inspection activities performed to

control fugitive dust emissions.

(e) You must pave all grounds on the facility or plant

groundcover sufficient to prevent wind-blown dust. You may use

dust suppressants on unpaved areas that will not support a

groundcover (e.g., roadway shoulders, steep slopes, limited

access and limited use roadways).

(f) As provided in §63.6(g), as an alternative to the

requirements specified in this section, you can demonstrate to

the Administrator (or delegated State, local, or Tribal

authority) that an alternative measure(s) is equivalent or better

than a practice(s) described in this section.

§ 63.546 Compliance dates.

(a) For affected sources that commenced construction or

reconstruction on or before May 19, 2011, you must demonstrate

compliance with the requirements of this subpart no later than

[INSERT THE DATE TWO YEARS AFTER THE DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE

FEDERAL REGISTER ].

(b) For affected sources that commenced construction or

reconstruction after May 19, 2011, you must demonstrate

compliance with the requirements of this subpart by [INSERT THE***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ] or upon startup of

operations, whichever is later.

§ 63.547 Test methods.

(a) You must use the test methods from appendix A of part

60 as listed in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5) of this section

to determine compliance with the emissions standards for lead

compounds specified in §63.543(a) and (b).

(1) EPA Method 1 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1 to select

the sampling port location and the number of traverse points.

(2) EPA Method 2 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1 or EPA

Method 5D at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3, section 8.3 for

positive pressure fabric filters, to measure volumetric flow

rate.

(3) EPA Method 3, 3A, or 3B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-2

to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas.

(4) EPA Method 4 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 to

determine moisture content of the stack gas.

(5) EPA Method 12 or Method 29 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix

A-8 to determine compliance with the lead compound emissions

standards. The minimum sample volume must be 2.0 dry standard

cubic meters (70 dry standard cubic feet) for each run. You must

perform three test runs and you must determine compliance using

the average of the three runs.

(b) You must use the following test methods in appendix A***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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of part 60 listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(4) of this

section, as specified, to determine compliance with the emissions

standards for total hydrocarbons specified in §63.543(c) through

(f).

(1) EPA Method 1 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1 to select

the sampling port location and number of traverse points.

(2) The Single Point Integrated Sampling and Analytical

Procedure of Method 3B to measure the carbon dioxide content of

the stack gases when using either EPA Method 3A or 3B at 40 CFR

part 60, appendix A-2.

(3) EPA Method 4 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 to measure

moisture content of the stack gases.

(4) EPA Method 25A at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 to

measure total hydrocarbons emissions. The minimum sampling time

must be 1 hour for each run. You must perform a minimum of three

test runs. You must calculate a 1-hour average total hydrocarbons

concentration for each run and use the average of the three 1-

hour averages to determine compliance.

(c) You must correct the measured total hydrocarbons

concentrations to 4 percent carbon dioxide as specified in

paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this section.

(1) If the measured percent carbon dioxide is greater than

0.4 percent in each compliance test, you must determine the

correction factor using Equation 2 of this section.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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2 

## 0.4

CO F

=

(Eq. 2)

Where:

F = Correction factor (no units).

CO 2 = Percent carbon dioxide measured using EPA Method 3A or

3B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-2, where the measured

carbon dioxide is greater than 0.4 percent.

(2) If the measured percent carbon dioxide is equal to or

less than 0.4 percent, you must use a correction factor (F) of

10.

(3) You must determine the corrected total hydrocarbons

concentration by multiplying the measured total hydrocarbons

concentration by the correction factor (F) determined for each

compliance test.

(d) You must use the following test methods in appendix A

of part 60 listed in paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(5) of this

section, as specified, to determine compliance with the emissions

standards for dioxins and furans specified in §63.543(c).

(1) EPA Method 1 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1 to select

the sampling port location and the number of traverse points.

(2) EPA Method 2 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-1 or EPA

Method 5D at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3, section 8.3 for

positive pressure fabric filters to measure volumetric flow rate.

(3) EPA Method 3A or 3B at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-2 to***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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determine the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of the

stack gas.

(4) EPA Method 4 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-3 to

determine moisture content of the stack gas.

(5) EPA Method 23 at 40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7 to

determine the dioxins and furans concentration.

(e) You must determine the dioxins and furans toxic

equivalency by following the procedures in paragraphs (e)(1)

through (e)(3) of this section.

(1) Measure the concentration of each dioxins and furans

congener shown in Table 3 of this subpart using EPA Method 23 at

40 CFR part 60, appendix A-7. You must correct the concentration

of dioxins and furans in terms of toxic equivalency to 7 percent

O 2 using Equation 3 of this section.



## )2%9. 20( )79.20(

O C m e as C a dj

− −

=

(Eq. 3)

Where:

C adj = Dioxins and furans concentration adjusted to 7

percent oxygen.

C

meas = Dioxins and furans concentration measured in

nanograms per dry standard cubic meter.

(20.9–7 )

= 20.9 percent oxygen

− 7 percent oxygen (defined

oxygen correction basis).

20.9

= Oxygen concentration in air, percent.

%O 2 = Oxygen concentration measured on a dry basis,

percent.

(2) For each dioxins and furans congener measured as***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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specified in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, multiply the

congener concentration by its corresponding toxic equivalency

factor specified in Table 3 to this subpart.

(3) Sum the values calculated as specified in paragraph

(e)(2) of this section to obtain the total concentration of

dioxins and furans emitted in terms of toxic equivalency.

§ 63.548 Monitoring requirements

.

(a) You must prepare, and at all times operate according

to, a standard operating procedures manual that describes in

detail procedures for inspection, maintenance, and bag leak

detection and corrective action plans for all baghouses (fabric

filters or cartridge filters) that are used to control process

vents, process fugitive, or fugitive dust emissions from any

source subject to the lead emissions standards in §§63.543,

63.544, and 63.545, including those used to control emissions

from building ventilation.

(b) You must submit the standard operating procedures

manual for baghouses required by paragraph (a) of this section to

the Administrator or delegated authority for review and approval.

(c) The procedures that you specify in the standard

operating procedures manual for inspections and routine

maintenance must, at a minimum, include the requirements of

paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(9) of this section.

(1) Daily monitoring of pressure drop across each baghouse***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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cell.

(2) Weekly confirmation that dust is being removed from

hoppers through visual inspection, or equivalent means of

ensuring the proper functioning of removal mechanisms.

(3) Daily check of compressed air supply for pulse-jet

baghouses.

(4) An appropriate methodology for monitoring cleaning

cycles to ensure proper operation.

(5) Monthly check of bag cleaning mechanisms for proper

functioning through visual inspection or equivalent means.

(6) Monthly check of bag tension on reverse air and shakertype baghouses. Such checks are not required for shaker-type

baghouses using self-tensioning (spring loaded) devices.

(7) Quarterly confirmation of the physical integrity of the

baghouse through visual inspection of the baghouse interior for

air leaks.

(8) Quarterly inspection of fans for wear, material

buildup, and corrosion through visual inspection, vibration

detectors, or equivalent means.

(9) Except as provided in paragraphs (g) and (h) of this

section, continuous operation of a bag leak detection system,

unless a system meeting the requirements of paragraph (m) of this

section for a continuous emissions monitoring system is installed

for monitoring the concentration of lead.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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(d) The procedures you specify in the standard operating

procedures manual for baghouse maintenance must include, at a

minimum, a preventative maintenance schedule that is consistent

with the baghouse manufacturer's instructions for routine and

long-term maintenance.

(e) The bag leak detection system required by paragraph

(c)(9) of this section, must meet the specification and

requirements of paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(8) of this section.

(1) The bag leak detection system must be certified by the

manufacturer to be capable of detecting particulate matter

emissions at concentrations of 1.0 milligram per actual cubic

meter (0.00044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less.

(2) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide

output of relative particulate matter loadings.

(3) The bag leak detection system must be equipped with an

alarm system that will alarm when an increase in relative

particulate loadings is detected over a preset level.

(4) You must install and operate the bag leak detection

system in a manner consistent with the guidance provided in

“Office of Air quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) Fabric

Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance” EPA-454/R-98-015, September

1997 (incorporated by reference, see §63.14) and the

manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations for

installation, operation, and adjustment of the system.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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(5) The initial adjustment of the system must, at a

minimum, consist of establishing the baseline output by adjusting

the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device,

and establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time.

(6) Following initial adjustment, you must not adjust the

sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set points, or

alarm delay time, except as detailed in the approved standard

operating procedures manual required under paragraph (a) of this

section. You cannot increase the sensitivity by more than 100

percent or decrease the sensitivity by more than 50 percent over

a 365 day period unless such adjustment follows a complete

baghouse inspection that demonstrates that the baghouse is in

good operating condition.

(7) For negative pressure, induced air baghouses, and

positive pressure baghouses that are discharged to the atmosphere

through a stack, you must install the bag leak detector

downstream of the baghouse and upstream of any wet acid gas

scrubber.

(8) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's

instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.

(f) You must include in the standard operating procedures

manual required by paragraph (a) of this section a corrective

action plan that specifies the procedures to be followed in the

case of a bag leak detection system alarm. The corrective action***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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plan must include, at a minimum, the procedures that you will use

to determine and record the time and cause of the alarm as well

as the corrective actions taken to minimize emissions as

specified in paragraphs (f)(1) and (f)(2) of this section.

(1) The procedures used to determine the cause of the alarm

must be initiated within 30 minutes of the alarm.

(2) The cause of the alarm must be alleviated by taking the

necessary corrective action(s) that may include, but not be

limited to, those listed in paragraphs (f)(2)(i) through

(f)(2)(vi) of this section.

(i) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken

filter elements, or any other malfunction that may cause an

increase in emissions.

(ii) Sealing off defective bags or filter media.

(iii) Replacing defective bags or filter media, or

otherwise repairing the control device.

(iv) Sealing off a defective baghouse compartment.

(v) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe, or

otherwise repairing the bag leak detection system.

(vi) Shutting down the process producing the particulate

emissions.

(g) Baghouses equipped with high efficiency particulate air

(HEPA) filters as a secondary filter used to control emissions

from any source subject to the lead emission standards in***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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§65.543(a) or (b), are exempt from the requirement to be equipped

with a bag leak detection system. You must monitor and record the

pressure drop across each HEPA filter system daily. If the

pressure drop is outside the limit(s) specified by the filter

manufacturer, you must take appropriate corrective measures,

which may include but not be limited to those given in paragraphs

(g)(1) through (g)(4) of this section.

(1) Inspecting the filter and filter housing for air leaks

and torn or broken filters.

(2) Replacing defective filter media, or otherwise repairing

the control device.

(3) Sealing off a defective control device by routing air to

other control devices

(4) Shutting down the process producing the particulate

emissions.

(h) Baghouses followed by a wet electrostatic precipitator

used as a secondary control device for any source subject to the

lead emission standards in §63.543(a) or (b), are exempt from the

requirement to be equipped with a bag leak detection system.

(i) If you use a wet scrubber to control particulate matter

and metal hazardous air pollutant emissions from a process vent

to demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions

standards, you must monitor and record the pressure drop and

water flow rate of the wet scrubber during the initial***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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performance or compliance test conducted to demonstrate

compliance with the lead emissions limit under §63.543(a) or (b).

Thereafter, you must monitor and record the pressure drop and

water flow rate values at least once every hour and you must

maintain the pressure drop and water flow rate at levels no lower

than 30 percent below the pressure drop and water flow rate

measured during the initial performance or compliance test.

(j) You must comply with the requirements specified in

paragraphs (j)(1) through (j)(4) of this section to demonstrate

continuous compliance with the total hydrocarbons and dioxins and

furans emissions standards. During periods of startup and

shutdown, the requirements of paragraph (j)(4) of this section do

not apply. Instead, you must demonstrate compliance with the

standard for total hydrocarbon by meeting the requirements of

§63.543(l).

(1) Continuous temperature monitoring. You must install,

calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a device to monitor

and record the temperature of the afterburner or furnace exhaust

streams consistent with the requirements for continuous

monitoring systems in §63.8.

(2) Prior to or in conjunction with the initial performance

or compliance test to determine compliance with §63.543(c), you

must conduct a performance evaluation for the temperature

monitoring device according to §63.8(e). The definitions,***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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installation specifications, test procedures, and data reduction

procedures for determining calibration drift, relative accuracy,

and reporting described in Performance Specification 2, 40 CFR

part 60, appendix B, sections 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, and 10 must be

used to conduct the evaluation. The temperature monitoring device

must meet the following performance and equipment specifications:

(i) The recorder response range must include zero and 1.5

times the average temperature identified in paragraph (j)(3) of

this section.

(ii) The monitoring system calibration drift must not

exceed 2 percent of 1.5 times the average temperature identified

in paragraph (j)(3) of this section.

(iii) The monitoring system relative accuracy must not

exceed 20 percent.

(iv) The reference method must be a National Institute of

Standards and Technology calibrated reference thermocouplepotentiometer system or an alternate reference, subject to the

approval of the Administrator.

(3) You must monitor and record the temperature of the

afterburner or the furnace exhaust streams every 15 minutes

during the initial performance or compliance test for total

hydrocarbons and dioxins and furans and determine an arithmetic

average for the recorded temperature measurements.

(4) To demonstrate continuous compliance with the standards***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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for total hydrocarbons and dioxins and furans, you must maintain

an afterburner or exhaust temperature such that the average

temperature in any 3-hour period does not fall more than 28

°Celsius (50 °Fahrenheit) below the average established in

paragraph (j)(3) of this section.

(k) You must install, operate, and maintain a digital

differential pressure monitoring system to continuously monitor

each total enclosure as described in paragraphs (k)(1) through

(k)(5) of this section.

(1) You must install and maintain a minimum of one building

digital differential pressure monitoring system at each of the

following three walls in each total enclosure that has a total

ground surface area of 10,000 square feet or more:

(i) The leeward wall.

(ii) The windward wall.

(iii) An exterior wall that connects the leeward and

windward wall at a location defined by the intersection of a

perpendicular line between a point on the connecting wall and a

point on its furthest opposite exterior wall, and intersecting

within plus or minus ten meters of the midpoint of a straight

line between the two other monitors specified. The midpoint

monitor must not be located on the same wall as either of the

other two monitors.

(2) You must install and maintain a minimum of one building***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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digital differential pressure monitoring system at the leeward

wall of each total enclosure that has a total ground surface area

of less than 10,000 square feet.

(3) The digital differential pressure monitoring systems

must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of measuring

and displaying negative pressure in the range of 0.01 to 0.2

millimeters of mercury (0.005 to 0.11 inches of water) with a

minimum accuracy of plus or minus 0.001 millimeters of mercury

(0.0005 inches of water).

(4) You must equip each digital differential pressure

monitoring system with a continuous recorder.

(5) You must calibrate each digital differential pressure

monitoring system in accordance with manufacturer’s

specifications at least once every 12 calendar months or more

frequently if recommended by the manufacturer.

(l) Except as provided in paragraph (l)(2) or (l)(3) of

this section, all new or reconstructed sources subject to the

requirements under §63.543 must install, calibrate, maintain, and

operate a CEMS for measuring lead emissions. In addition to the

General Provisions requirements for CEMS in §63.8(c) that are

referenced in Table 1 of this subpart, you must comply with the

requirements for CEMS specified in paragraph (m) of this section.

(1) Sources subject to the emissions limits for lead

compounds under §63.543(b) must install a CEMS for measuring lead***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 154 of 183

emissions within 180 days of promulgation by the EPA of

performance specifications for lead CEMS.

(2) Prior to 180 days after the EPA promulgates performance

specifications for CEMS used to measure lead concentrations, you

must use the procedure described in §63.543(g)(1) to determine

compliance.

(3) Vents from control devices that serve only to control

emissions from buildings containing lead bearing materials are

exempt from the requirement to install a CEMS for measuring lead

emissions.

(m) If a CEMS is used to measure lead emissions, you must

install a continuous emissions monitoring system with a sensor in

a location that provides representative measurement of the

exhaust gas flow rate at the sampling location of the CEMS used

to measure lead emissions, taking into account the manufacturer’s

recommendations. The flow rate sensor is that portion of the

system that senses the volumetric flow rate and generates an

output proportional to that flow rate.

(1) The continuous emissions monitoring system must be

designed to measure the exhaust gas flow rate over a range that

extends from a value of at least 20 percent less than the lowest

expected exhaust flow rate to a value of at least 20 percent

greater than the highest expected exhaust gas flow rate.

(2) The continuous emissions monitoring system must be***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 155 of 183

equipped with a data acquisition and recording system that is

capable of recording values over the entire range specified in

paragraph (m)(1) of this section.

(3) You must perform an initial relative accuracy test of

the continuous emissions monitoring system in accordance with the

applicable Performance Specification in appendix B to part 60 of

this chapter.

(4) You must operate the continuous emissions monitoring

system and record data during all periods of operation of the

affected facility including periods of startup, shutdown, and

malfunction, except for periods of monitoring system

malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system

malfunctions, and required monitoring system quality assurance or

quality control activities including, as applicable, calibration

checks and required zero and span adjustments.

(5) If you have a CEMS to measure lead emissions, you must

calculate the average lead concentration and flow rate monthly to

determine compliance with §63.543(a).

(6) When the continuous emissions monitoring system is

unable to provide quality assured data, the following apply:

(i) When data are not available for periods of up to 48

hours, the highest recorded hourly emissions rate from the

previous 24 hours must be used.

(ii) When data are not available for 48 or more hours, the***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 156 of 183

maximum daily emissions rate based on the previous 30 days must

be used.

§ 63.549 Notification requirements.

(a) You must comply with all of the notification

requirements of §63.9. Electronic notifications are encouraged if

suitable for the specific case (e.g., by electronic media such as

Excel spreadsheet, on CD or hard copy), and when required by this

subpart.

(b) You must submit the fugitive dust control standard

operating procedures manual required under §63.545(a) and the

standard operating procedures manual for baghouses required under

§63.548(a) to the Administrator or delegated authority along with

a notification that the smelter is seeking review and approval of

these plans and procedures. You must submit this notification no

later than [INSERT THE DATE ONE YEAR AFTER PUBLICATION IN THE

FEDERAL REGISTER ]. For sources that commenced construction or

reconstruction after [INSERT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE

FEDERAL REGISTER ], you must submit this notification no later

than 180 days before startup of the constructed or reconstructed

secondary lead smelter, but no sooner than [INSERT THE DATE OF

PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ]. For an affected source that

has received a construction permit from the Administrator or

delegated authority on or before [INSERT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION

IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER ], you must submit this notification no***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 157 of 183

later than [INSERT THE DATE ONE YEAR AFTER PUBLICATION IN THE

FEDERAL REGISTER ].

§ 63.550 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

(a) You must comply with all of the recordkeeping and

reporting requirements specified in §63.10 that are referenced in

Table 1 to this subpart.

(1) Records must be maintained in a form suitable and

readily available for expeditious review, according to

§63.10(b)(1). However, electronic recordkeeping and reporting if

suitable for the specific case (e.g., by electronic media such as

Excel spreadsheet, on CD or hard copy), and when required by this

subpart.

(2) Records must be kept on site for at least 2 years after

the date of occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective

action, report, or record, according to §63.10(b)(1).

(b) The standard operating procedures manuals required in

§63.545(a) and §63.548(a) must be submitted to the Administrator

in electronic format for review and approval of the initial

submittal and whenever an update is made to the procedure.

(c) You must maintain for a period of 5 years, records of

the information listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(13) of

this section.

(1) Electronic records of the bag leak detection system

output.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 158 of 183

(2) An identification of the date and time of all bag leak

detection system alarms, the time that procedures to determine

the cause of the alarm were initiated, the cause of the alarm, an

explanation of the corrective actions taken, and the date and

time the cause of the alarm was corrected.

(3) All records of inspections and maintenance activities

required under §63.548(c) as part of the practices described in

the standard operating procedures manual for baghouses required

under §63.548(a).

(4) Electronic records of the pressure drop and water flow

rate values for wet scrubbers used to control metal hazardous air

pollutant emissions from process fugitive sources as required in

§63.548(i).

(5) Electronic records of the output from the continuous

temperature monitor required in §63.548(j)(1), and an

identification of periods when the 3-hour average temperature

fell below the minimum established under §63.548(j)(4), and an

explanation of the corrective actions taken.

(6) Electronic records of the continuous pressure monitors

for total enclosures required in §63.548(k), and an

identification of periods when the pressure was not maintained as

required in §63.544(c)(1).

(7) Records of any time periods power was lost to the

continuous pressure monitors for total enclosures required in***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 159 of 183

§63.548(k) and records of loss of power to the air handling

system maintaining negative pressure on total enclosures.

(8) Records of the inspections of facility enclosures

required in §63.544(d).

(9) Records of all cleaning and inspections required as

part of the practices described in the standard operating

procedures manual required under §63.545(a) for the control of

fugitive dust emissions.

(10) Electronic records of the output of any CEMS

installed to monitor lead emissions meeting the requirements of

§63.548(m).

(11) Records of the occurrence and duration of each

malfunction of operation (i.e., process equipment) or the air

pollution control equipment and monitoring equipment.

(12) Records of actions taken during periods of malfunction

to minimize emissions in accordance with §63.543(k), including

corrective actions to restore malfunctioning process and air

pollution control and monitoring equipment to its normal or usual

manner of operation.

(13) Records of any periods of startup or shutdown of a

furnace and actions taken to minimize emissions during that

period in accordance with §63.543(l).

(d) You must comply with all of the reporting requirements

specified in §63.10 of the General Provisions that are referenced***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 160 of 183

in Table 1 to this subpart.

(1) You must submit reports no less frequent than specified

under §63.10(e)(3) of the General Provisions.

(2) Once a source reports a violation of the standard or

excess emissions, you must follow the reporting format required

under §63.10(e)(3) until a request to reduce reporting frequency

is approved by the Administrator.

(e) In addition to the information required under the

applicable sections of §63.10, you must include in the reports

required under paragraph (d) of this section the information

specified in paragraphs (e)(1) through (e)(14) of this section.

(1) Records of the concentration of lead in each process

vent, and records of the rolling 12-month flow-weighted average

concentration of lead compounds in vent gases calculated monthly

as required in §63.543(a), except during the first year when the

concentration is calculated using the method described in

§63.543(a)(2).

(2) Records of the concentration of total hydrocarbon and

dioxins and furans in each process vent that has established

limits for total hydrocarbon and dioxins and furans as required

in §63.543(c).

(3) Records of all periods when monitoring using a CEMS for

lead or total hydrocarbon was not in compliance with applicable

limits.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 161 of 183

(4) Records of all alarms from the bag leak detection

system specified in §63.548.

(5) A description of the procedures taken following each

bag leak detection system alarm pursuant to §63.548(f)(1) and

(2).

(6) A summary of the records maintained as part of the

practices described in the standard operating procedures manual

for baghouses required under §63.548(a), including an explanation

of the periods when the procedures were not followed and the

corrective actions taken.

(7) An identification of the periods when the pressure drop

and water flow rate of wet scrubbers used to control process

fugitive sources dropped below the levels established in

§63.548(i), and an explanation of the corrective actions taken.

(8) Records of the temperature monitor output, in 3-hour

block averages, for those periods when the temperature monitored

pursuant to §63.548(j) fell below the level established in

§63.548(j)(4).

(9) Certification that the plastic separation process for

battery breakers required in §63.543(m) was operated at all times

the battery breaker was in service.

(10) Records of periods when the pressure was not

maintained as required in §63.544(c) or power was lost to the

continuous pressure monitoring system as required in §63.548(k).***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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(11) If a malfunction occurred during the reporting period,

the report must include the number, duration, and a brief

description for each type of malfunction that occurred during the

reporting period and caused or may have caused any applicable

emissions limitation to be exceeded. The report must also include

a description of actions taken during a malfunction of an

affected source to minimize emissions in accordance with

§63.543(k), including actions taken to correct a malfunction.

(12) A summary of the fugitive dust control measures

performed during the required reporting period, including an

explanation of the periods when the procedures outlined in the

standard operating procedures manual pursuant to §63.545(a) were

not followed and the corrective actions taken. The reports must

not contain copies of the daily records required to demonstrate

compliance with the requirements of the standard operating

procedures manuals required under §63.545(a).

(13) Records of any periods of startup or shutdown of a

furnace including an explanation of the periods when the

procedures required in §63.543(l) were not followed and the

corrective actions taken.

(14) You must submit records pursuant to paragraphs

(e)(14)(i) through (iii) of this section below.

(i) As of January 1, 2012 and within 60 days after the date

of completing each performance test, as defined in §63.2 and as***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 163 of 183

required in this subpart, you must submit performance test data,

except opacity data, electronically to EPA’s Central Data

Exchange by using the Electronic Reporting Tool (see

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert_tool.html/ ). Only data

collected using test methods compatible with the Electronic

Reporting Tool are subject to this requirement to be submitted

electronically into EPA’s WebFIRE database.

(ii) Within 60 days after the date of completing each CEMS

performance evaluation test, as defined in §63.2 and required by

this subpart, you must submit the relative accuracy test audit

data electronically into EPA’s Central Data Exchange by using the

Electronic Reporting Tool as mentioned in paragraph (e)(14)(i) of

this section. Only data collected using test methods compatible

with the Electronic Reporting Tool are subject to this

requirement to be submitted electronically into EPA’s WebFIRE

database.

(iii) All reports required by this subpart not subject to

the requirements in paragraph (e)(14)(i) and (ii) of this section

must be sent to the Administrator at the appropriate address

listed in §63.13. The Administrator or the delegated authority

may request a report in any form suitable for the specific case

(e.g., by electronic media such as Excel spreadsheet, on CD or

hard copy). The Administrator retains the right to require

submittal of reports subject to paragraph (e)(14)(i) and (ii) of***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 164 of 183

this section in paper format.

§ 63.551 Implementation and E nforcement.

(a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by the

U.S. EPA, or a delegated authority such as the applicable State,

local, or tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has

delegated authority to a State, local, or tribal agency, then

that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to

implement and enforce this subpart. Contact the applicable U.S.

EPA Regional Office to find out if this subpart is delegated to a

State, local, or tribal agency.

(b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority

of this subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under subpart

E of this part, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of

this section are retained by the Administrator of U.S. EPA and

cannot be transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.

(c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State,

local, or tribal agencies are as specified in paragraphs (c)(1)

through (c)(4) of this section.

(1) Approval of alternatives to the requirements in

§§63.541, 63.543 through 63.544, §63.545, and §63.546.

(2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under

§63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f), as defined in §63.90, and as required in

this subpart.

(3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 165 of 183

§63.8(f), as defined in §63.90, and as required in this subpart.

(4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and

reporting under §63.10(f), as defined in §63.90, and as required

in this subpart.

§ 63.552 Affirmative Defense to Civil Penalties for Exceedance of

Emissions Limit During Malfunction

.

In response to an action to enforce the standards set forth

in this subpart, you may assert an affirmative defense to a claim

for civil penalties for exceedances of such standards that are

caused by malfunction, as defined at §63.2. Appropriate penalties

may be assessed, however, if you fail to meet your burden of

proving all of the requirements in the affirmative defense. The

affirmative defense shall not be available for claims for

injunctive relief.

(a) Affirmative defense . To establish the affirmative

defense in any action to enforce such a limit, you must timely

meet the notification requirements in paragraph (b) of this

section, and must prove by a preponderance of evidence that:

(1) The excess emissions:

(i) Were caused by a sudden, infrequent, and unavoidable

failure of air pollution control and monitoring equipment,

process equipment, or a process to operate in a normal or usual

manner.

(ii) Could not have been prevented through careful***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 166 of 183

planning, proper design or better operation and maintenance

practices.

(iii) Did not stem from any activity or event that could

have been foreseen and avoided, or planned for.

(iv) Were not part of a recurring pattern indicative of

inadequate design, operation or maintenance.

(2) Repairs were made as expeditiously as possible when the

applicable emissions limitations were being exceeded. Off-shift

and overtime labor were used, to the extent practicable to make

these repairs.

(3) The frequency, amount and duration of the excess

emissions (including any bypass) were minimized to the maximum

extent practicable during periods of such emissions.

(4) If the excess emissions resulted from a bypass of

control equipment or a process, then the bypass was unavoidable

to prevent loss of life, personal injury or severe property

damage.

(5) All possible steps were taken to minimize the impact of

the excess emissions on ambient air quality, the environment and

human health.

(6) All emissions monitoring and control systems were kept

in operation if at all possible, consistent with safety and good

air pollution control practices.

(7) All of the actions in response to the excess emissions***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 167 of 183

were documented by properly signed, contemporaneous operating

logs.

(8) At all times, the affected source was operated in a

manner consistent with good practices for minimizing emissions.

(9) A written root cause analysis has been prepared, the

purpose of which is to determine, correct, and eliminate the

primary causes of the malfunction and the excess emissions

resulting from the malfunction event at issue. The analysis shall

also specify, using best monitoring methods and engineering

judgment, the amount of excess emissions that were the result of

the malfunction.

(b) Notification . The owner or operator of the affected

source experiencing an exceedance of its emissions limit(s)

during a malfunction, shall notify the Administrator by telephone

or facsimile transmission as soon as possible, but no later than

two business days after the initial occurrence of the

malfunction, it wishes to avail itself of an affirmative defense

to civil penalties for that malfunction. The owner or operator

seeking to assert an affirmative defense, shall also submit a

written report to the Administrator within 45 days of the initial

occurrence of the exceedance of the standard in this subpart to

demonstrate, with all necessary supporting documentation, that it

has met the requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this

section. The owner or operator may seek an extension of this***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 168 of 183

deadline for up to 30 additional days by submitting a written

request to the Administrator before the expiration of the 45 day

period. Until a request for an extension has been approved by the

Administrator, the owner or operator is subject to the

requirement to submit such report within 45 days of the initial

occurrence of the exceedance.

Table 1 to Subpart X of Part 63—General Provisions Applicability

to Subpart X

R e f e r e n ce A p p l i e s t o

s u b p a r t X C o m m e nt

6 3 .1 Y es

6 3 .2 Y es

6 3 .3 Y es

6 3 .4 Y es

6 3 .5 Y es

6 3

. 6 ( a )

, ( b )

, ( c) Y es

6 3

. 6 ( d) No S e c t i o n r e s e r v e d.

6 3

. 6 ( e ) ( 1 ) ( i) No S e e 6 3

. 5 4 3 ( k ) f o r

g e n e r a l d u t y

r e q u i r e m e n t

.

6 3

. 6 ( e ) ( 1 ) ( i i) No

6 3

. 6 ( e ) ( 1 ) ( i i i) Y es

6 3

. 6 ( e ) ( 2) No S e c t i o n r e s e r v e d.

6 3

. 6 ( e ) ( 3) No

6 3

. 6 ( f ) ( 1 ) No

6 3

. 6 ( g) Y es

6 3

. 6 ( h) No N o o p a c i t y l i m i t s i n

r u l e.

6 3

. 6 ( i) Y es

6 3

. 6 ( j) Y es

6 3

. 7 ( a )

- ( d) Y es

6 3

. 7 ( e ) ( 1) No S e e 6 3

. 5 4 3 ( j)

6 3

. 7 ( e ) ( 2 )

- ( e ) ( 4) Y es

6 3

. 7 ( f )

, ( g )

, ( h) Y es

6 3

. 8 ( a )

- ( b) Y es

6 3

. 8 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( i) No S e e 6 3

. 5 4 3 ( k ) f o r

g e n e r a l d u t y

r e q u i r e m e n t

.***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 169 of 183

6 3

. 8 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( i i) Y es

6 3

. 8 ( c ) ( 1 ) ( i i i) No

6 3

. 8 ( c ) ( 2 )

- ( d ) ( 2) Y es

6 3

. 8 ( d ) ( 3) Y e s

, e x c e p t

f o r l a s t

s e n t e n ce

6 3

. 8 ( e )

- ( g) Y es

6 3

. 9 ( a )

, ( b )

, ( c )

, ( e )

, ( g )

, ( h ) ( 1 ) t hr

o u g h ( 3 )

, ( h ) ( 5 ) a n d ( 6 )

, ( i ) a n d

( j) Y es

6 3

. 9 ( f) No

6 3

. 9 ( h ) ( 4) No R e s e r v ed

6 3

. 1 0 ( a) Y es

6 3

. 1 0 ( b ) ( 1) Y es

6 3

. 1 0 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( i) No

6 3

. 1 0 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( i i) No S e e 6 3

. 5 5 0 f o r

r e c o r d k e e p i n g o f

o c c u r r e n c e a n d

d u r a t i o n o f

m a l f u n c t i o n s a n d

r e c o r d k e e p i n g o f

a c t i o n s t a k e n d u r i n g

m a l f u n c t i o n

.

6 3

. 1 0 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( i i i) Y es

6 3

. 1 0 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( i v )

- ( b ) ( 2 ) ( v) No

6 3

. 1 0 ( b ) ( 2 ) ( v i )

- ( b ) ( 2 ) ( x i v) Y es

6 3

. ( 1 0 ) ( b ) ( 3) Y es

6 3

. 1 0 ( c ) ( 1 )

- ( 9) Y es

6 3

. 1 0 ( c ) ( 1 0 )

- ( 1 1) No S e e 6 3

. 5 5 0 f o r

r e c o r d k e e p i n g o f

m a l f u n c t i o n s

.

6 3

. 1 0 ( c ) ( 1 2 )

- ( c ) ( 1 4) Y es

6 3

. 1 0 ( c ) ( 1 5) No

6 3

. 1 0 ( d ) ( 1 )

- ( 4) Y es

6 3

. 1 0 ( d ) ( 5) No S e e 6 3

. 5 5 0 ( e ) ( 1 1 ) f o r

r e p o r t i n g o f

m a l f u n c t i o n s.

6 3

. 1 0 ( e )

- ( ( f) Y es

6 3

. 11 No F l a r e s w i l l n o t b e

u s e d t o c o m p l y w i t h

t h e e m i s s i o n l i m i ts

6 3

. 1 2 t o 6 3

. 15 Y es

Table 2 to Subpart X of Part 63-–Emissions Limits for Secondary***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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Page 170 of 183

Lead Smelting Furnaces

F o r v e n t s f r o m t h e s e

p r o c e s s e s

. .. Y o u m u s t m e e t t h e f o l l o w i n g e m i s s i o n s

l i m i t s

. .. 1

T o t a l H y

d r o c a r b on

p p m b y v o l u m e

e x p r e s s e d a s p r o p a n e

c o r r e c t e d t o 4

p e r c e n t c a r b o n

d i o x i de D i o x i n a n d F u r a n

( d i o x i n s a n d

f u r a n s )

n a n o g r a m s / d s c m

e x p r e s s e d a s T E Q

c o r r e c t e d t o 7

p e r c e n t O 2

C o l l o c a t e d b l a s t a n d

r e v e r b e r a t o r y

f u r n a c e ( n e w a n d

e x i s t i n g) 2 0 p p mv 0

. 5 0 n g / d s cm

C o l l o c a t e d b l a s t a n d

r e v e r b e r a t o r y

f u r n a c e w h e n t h e

R e v e r b e r a t o r y

f u r n a c e i s n o t

o p e r a t i ng ( e x i s t i n g) 3 6 0 p p mv 1 7 0 n g / d s cm

C o l l o c a t e d b l a s t a n d

r e v e r b e r a t o r y

f u r n a c e w h e n t h e

r e v e r b e r a t o r y

f u r n a c e i s n o t

o p e r a t i n g f o r u n i t s

t h a t c o m

m e n c e

c o n s t r u c t i o n a f t e r

J u n e 9

, 1 9 94 7 0 p p mv 1 7 0 n g / d s cm

B l a s t f u r n a c e s t h a t

c o m m e n c e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o r

r e c o n s t r u c t i o n

b e f o r e J u n e 9

, 1 9 94 3 6 0 p p mv 1 7 0 n g / d s cm

B l a s t f u r n a c e s t h a t

c o m m e n c e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o r

r e c o n s t r u c t i o n

a f t e r J u n e 9

, 1 9 94 7 0 p p mv 1 7 0 n g / d s cm

B l a s t f u r n a c e s t h a t

c o m m e n c e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o r

r e c o n s t r u c t i o n a f t e r

M a y 1 9

, 2 0 11 7 0 p p mv 1 0 n g / d s cm

R e v e r b e r a t o r y a n d

e l e c t r i c f u r n a ce 1 2 p p mv 0

. 2 0 n g / d s cm

R e v e r b e r a t o r y a n d

e l e c t r i c f u r n a c e

t h a t c o m

m e n c e

c o n s t r u c t i o n o r

r e c o n s t r u c t i o n a f t e r 1 2 p p mv 0

. 1 0 n g / d s cm***E.O. 12866 Review – Draft (11/21/2011) – Do Not Cite, Quote or

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M a y 1 9

, 2 0 11

1 T h e r e a r e n o s t a n d a r d s f o r d i o x i n s a n d f u r a n s d u r i n g p e r i o d s o f

s t a r t u p a n d s h u t d o w n.

Table 3 to Subpart X of Part 63 – Toxic Equivalency Factors

D i o x i n / f u r a n c o n g e n er T o x i c e q u i v a l e n c y f a c t or

2

, 3

, 7

, 8

- t e t r a c h l o r i n a t e d d i b e n z op

- d i o x in 1

1

, 2

, 3

, 7

, 8

- p e n t a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o

- p

- d i o x in 0 .5

1

, 2

, 3

, 4

, 7

, 8

- h e x a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o

- p

- d i o x in 0 .1

1

, 2

, 3

, 7

, 8

, 9

- h e x a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o

- p

- d i o x in 0 .1

1

, 2

, 3

, 6

, 7

, 8

- h e x a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o

- p

- d i o x in 0 .1

1

, 2

, 3

, 4

, 6

, 7

, 8

- h e p t a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o

- p

- d i o x in 0

. 01

o c t a c h l o r i n a t e d d i b e n z o

- p

- d i o x in 0

. 0 01

2

, 3

, 7

, 8

- t e t r a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o f u r an 0 .1

2

, 3

, 4

, 7

, 8

- p e n t a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o f u r an 0

. 05

1

, 2

, 3

, 7

, 8

- p e n t a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o f u r an 0 .5

1

, 2

, 3

, 4

, 7

, 8

- h e x a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o f u r an 0 .1

1

, 2

, 3

, 6

, 7

, 8

- h e x a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o f u r an 0 .1

1

, 2

, 3

, 7

, 8

, 9

- h e x a c h l o r i n a t e d

d i b e n z o f u r an 0 .1F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 4 / 7 / 2010 1 1

. 66 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 4 / 7 / 2010 2 1

. 45 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 4 / 7 / 2010 3 1

. 26 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 10 / 2010 1 9

. 11 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 10 / 2010 2 8

. 42 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 10 / 2010 1 3

. 03 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 11 / 2010 3 4

. 34 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 11 / 2010 2 3

. 54 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 12 / 2010 3 5

. 01 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 2 R o t a r y D r y e r

, K e tt l es 4 / 6 / 2010 1 5

. 45 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 2 R o t a r y D r y e r

, K e tt l es 4 / 6 / 2010 2 8

. 01 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 2 R o t a r y D r y e r

, K e tt l es 4 / 6 / 2010 3 7

. 80 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 2 R o t a r y D r y e r

, K e tt l es 8 / 11 / 2010 1 1

. 33 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 2 R o t a r y D r y e r

, K e tt l es 8 / 12 / 2010 2 3

. 21 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 2 R o t a r y D r y e r

, K e tt l es 8 / 12 / 2010 3 2

. 15 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 3 B u sc h U n i t 1 10 / 21 / 1997 1 9

. 64 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 3 B u sc h U n i t 1 10 / 21 / 1997 2 6

. 85 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 3 B u sc h U n i t 1 10 / 21 / 1997 3 4

. 89 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 4 B u sc h U n i t 2 10 / 22 / 1997 1 5

. 32 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 4 B u sc h U n i t 2 10 / 22 / 1997 2 3

. 02 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 4 B u sc h U n i t 2 10 / 22 / 1997 3 1

. 81 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 5 B u sc h U n i t 3 10 / 22 / 1997 1 1

. 33 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 5 B u sc h U n i t 3 10 / 22 / 1997 2 1

. 20 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 5 B u sc h U n i t 3 10 / 22 / 1997 3 7

. 80 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 6 B u sc h U n i t 4 10 / 21 / 1997 1 6

. 16 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 6 B u sc h U n i t 4 10 / 21 / 1997 2 1

. 99 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 6 B u sc h U n i t 4 10 / 21 / 1997 3 1

. 35 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 7 B u sc h U n i t 5 10 / 23 / 1997 1 3

. 70 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 7 B u sc h U n i t 5 10 / 23 / 1997 2 2

. 14 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 7 B u sc h U n i t 5 10 / 23 / 1997 3 9

. 70 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o IN 8 B u sc h U n i t 6 4 / 15 / 2009 1 6

. 43 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 8 B u sc h U n i t 6 4 / 15 / 2009 2 2

. 38 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 8 B u sc h U n i t 6 4 / 15 / 2009 3 4

. 46 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 9 B u sc h U n i t 7 4 / 14 / 2009 1 2

. 23 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 9 B u sc h U n i t 7 4 / 14 / 2009 2 2

. 19 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 9 B u sc h U n i t 7 4 / 14 / 2009 3 4

. 81 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 10 B u sc h U n i t 8 4 / 14 / 2009 1 3

. 73 E

- 01

Q u e m e t c o IN 10 B u sc h U n i t 8 4 / 14 / 2009 2 2

. 52 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 10 B u sc h U n i t 8 4 / 14 / 2009 3 2

. 11 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 11 B u sc h U n i t 9 4 / 14 / 2009 1 1

. 90 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 11 B u sc h U n i t 9 4 / 14 / 2009 2 3

. 18 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o IN 11 B u sc h U n i t 9 4 / 14 / 2009 3 1

. 93 E

- 02

E x i d e F o r e s t C i ty EP 01 Mai n St a ck 12 / 11 / 2008 1 1

. 60 E

- 01

E x i d e F o r e s t C i ty EP 01 Mai n St a ck 12 / 11 / 2008 2 1

. 23 E

- 01

E x i d e F o r e s t C i ty EP 01 Mai n St a ck 12 / 11 / 2008 3 4

. 90 E

- 02

E x i d e F o r e s t C i ty EP 01 Mai n St a ck 10 / 5 / 2010 1 1

. 19 E

- 01

E x i d e F o r e s t C i ty EP 01 Mai n St a ck 10 / 5 / 2010 2 1

. 33 E

- 01

E x i d e F o r e s t C i ty EP 01 Mai n St a ck 10 / 5 / 2010 3 8

. 39 E

- 02

E x i d e V e r non C

38 R

e f i n i n g A r e a V e nt ilai t

on 8 / 18 / 2009 1 5

. 40 E

- 02

E x i d e V e r non C

39 S

m e l t i n g A r

e a V e nt ila t i on 2 / 3 / 2010 1 9

. 61 E

- 03

E x i d e V e r non S 139 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 9 / 8 / 2010 1 2

. 77 E

- 03

E x i d e V e r non S 139 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 9 / 9 / 2010 2 2

. 86 E

- 03

E x i d e V e r non S 139 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 9 / 10 / 2010 3 2

. 11 E

- 03

E x i d e V e r non S 140 Bla s t F u r n a c e L e a d a nd S la g T a p

, K

e tt l es 8

/ 20 / 2009 1 1

. 86 E

- 02

E x i d e V e r non S 141 R e v e r b C h a r g i n g, K e tt l es 8 / 21 / 2009 1 1

. 94 E

- 02

E x i d e V e r non S 142 Ra w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 19 / 2009 1 2

. 49 E

- 02

E x i d e V e r non S 145 R o t a r y D r y er 5 / 15 / 2008 1 1

. 13 E

- 01

E x i d e V e r non S 145 R o t a r y D r y er 9 / 14 / 2010 1 1

. 93 E

- 01

E x i d e V e r non S 145 R o t a r y D r y er 9 / 16 / 2010 2 2

. 85 E

- 01

E x i d e V e r non S 145 R o t a r y D r y er 9 / 17 / 2010 3 3

. 36 E

- 01

E x i d e V e r non S 158 M A C Ba g hou se 2 / 14 / 2008 1 1

. 71 E

- 02

E x i d e V e r non S 158 M A C Ba g hou se 2 / 17 / 2009 1 4

. 12 E

- 03

E x i d e V e r non S 166 Ba tt e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 10 / 20 / 2008 1 5

. 39 E

- 02

Q u e m e t c o CA 1 W ESP 11 / 9 / 2008 1 3

. 74 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 1 W ESP 11 / 9 / 2008 2 1

. 31 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 1 W ESP 11 / 9 / 2008 3 3

. 50 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 3 B u sc h U n i t A 4 / 1 / 2009 1 6

. 00 E

- 04

Q u e m e t c o CA 4 B u sc h U n i t B 2 / 1 / 2010 1 7

. 04 E

- 04

P a ge 1 o f 8F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

Q u e m e t c o CA 5 B u sc h U n i t C 2 / 1 / 2010 1 1

. 70 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 6 B u sc h U n i t D 5 / 1 / 2009 1 1

. 30 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 6 B u sc h U n i t D 8 / 31 / 2010 1 2

. 50 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 6 B u sc h U n i t D 9 / 1 / 2010 2 1

. 69 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 6 B u sc h U n i t D 9 / 2 / 2010 3 2

. 58 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 7 B u sc h U n i t E 2 / 1 / 2010 1 4

. 90 E

- 04

Q u e m e t c o CA 8 B u sc h U n i t F 4 / 1 / 2009 1 1

. 10 E

- 03

Q u e m e t c o CA 9 B u sc h U n i t G 8 / 31 / 2010 1 8

. 81 E

- 04

Q u e m e t c o CA 9 B u sc h U n i t G 9 / 1 / 2010 2 8

. 76 E

- 04

Q u e m e t c o CA 9 B u sc h U n i t G 9 / 2 / 2010 3 9

. 37 E

- 04

Q u e m e t c o CA 10 B u sc h U n i t H 2 / 1 / 2009 1 4

. 14 E

- 04

Q u e m e t c o CA 11 B u sc h U n i t I 4 / 1 / 2009 1 6

. 61 E

- 04

R SR 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R o t a r y D r y er 8 / 17 / 2010 1 1

. 51 E

- 01

R SR 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R o t a r y D r y er 8 / 18 / 2010 2 1

. 19 E

- 01

R SR 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R o t a r y D r y er 5 / 17 / 2011 1 1

. 59 E

- 01

R SR 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R o t a r y D r y er 5 / 18 / 2011 2 9

. 41 E

- 03

R SR 1 R o t a r y F u r n a c e, R o t a r y D r y er 5 / 19 / 2011 3 5

. 47 E

- 03

R SR 2 K e tt l es 10 / 14 / 2009 1 6

. 41 E

- 02

R SR 2 K e tt l es 10 / 14 / 2009 2 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 2 K e tt l es 10 / 14 / 2009 3 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 4 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 15 / 2009 1 4

. 12 E

- 02 1

R SR 4 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 16 / 2009 2 3

. 89 E

- 02 1

R SR 4 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 16 / 2009 3 4

. 58 E

- 02 1

R SR 7 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 15 / 2009 1 4

. 35 E

- 02 1

R SR 7 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 16 / 2009 2 4

. 35 E

- 02 1

R SR 7 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 16 / 2009 3 4

. 35 E

- 02 1

R SR 8 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 1 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 8 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 2 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 8 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 3 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 9 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 1 3

. 89 E

- 02 1

R SR 9 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 2 3

. 66 E

- 02 1

R SR 9 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 3 3

. 66 E

- 02 1

R SR 10 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 1 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 10 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 2 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 10 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 3 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 11 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 1 2

. 97 E

- 02 1

R SR 11 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 2 3

. 20 E

- 02 1

R SR 11 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 14 / 2009 3 3

. 43 E

- 02 1

R SR 12 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 23 / 2009 1 4

. 81 E

- 02 1

R SR 12 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 23 / 2009 2 5

. 03 E

- 02 1

R SR 12 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 23 / 2009 3 5

. 26 E

- 02 1

R SR 14 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 15 / 2009 1 3

. 66 E

- 02 1

R SR 14 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 15 / 2009 2 3

. 66 E

- 02 1

R SR 14 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 16 / 2009 3 3

. 66 E

- 02 1

R SR 16 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 21 / 2009 1 4

. 81 E

- 02 1

R SR 16 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 21 / 2009 2 5

. 03 E

- 02 1

R SR 16 B u sc h U n i t 10 / 21 / 2009 3 8

. 01 E

- 02

R SR 17 R e v e r b F u r n a ce 10 / 8 / 2009 1 1

. 30 E

- 01

R SR 17 R e v e r b F u r n a ce 10 / 8 / 2009 2 1

. 44 E

- 01

R SR 17 R e v e r b F u r n a ce 10 / 8 / 2009 3 8

. 70 E

- 02

R SR 17 R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 17 / 2010 1 6

. 42 E

- 02

R SR 17 R e v e r b F u r n a ce 8 / 18 / 2010 2 1

. 84 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 7 / 19 / 2006 1 7

. 94 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 7 / 19 / 2006 2 5

. 42 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 7 / 19 / 2006 3 6

. 66 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 8 / 30 / 2007 1 1

. 22 E + 00

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 8 / 30 / 2007 2 1

. 12 E + 00

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 8 / 30 / 2007 3 1

. 22 E + 00

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 9 / 23 / 2008 1 8

. 38 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 9 / 23 / 2008 2 7

. 48 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V001 Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 9 / 23 / 2008 3 6

. 48 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 7 / 18 / 2006 1 5

. 72 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 7 / 18 / 2006 2 4

. 12 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 7 / 18 / 2006 3 7

. 09 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 29 / 2007 1 3

. 66 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 29 / 2007 2 4

. 35 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 29 / 2007 3 5

. 26 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 9 / 22 / 2008 1 3

. 20 E

- 02

P a ge 2 o f 8F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 9 / 22 / 2008 2 4

. 58 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V004 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 9 / 22 / 2008 3 5

. 03 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 7 / 17 / 2006 1 2

. 97 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 7 / 17 / 2006 2 2

. 29 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 7 / 17 / 2006 3 1

. 60 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 28 / 2007 1 3

. 66 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 28 / 2007 2 1

. 14 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 28 / 2007 3 9

. 15 E

- 03

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 9 / 9 / 2008 1 3

. 07 E

- 01

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 9 / 9 / 2008 2 2

. 06 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 9 / 9 / 2008 3 1

. 30 E + 00

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 4 / 22 / 2009 1 3

. 91 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 4 / 22 / 2009 2 2

. 70 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V011 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 4 / 22 / 2009 3 8

. 92 E

- 03

E n v i r o F o c us S

V015 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 2 / 9 / 2009 1 7

. 78 E

- 03

E n v i r o F o c us S

V015 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 2 / 9 / 2009 2 1

. 03 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V015 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 2 / 9 / 2009 3 6

. 87 E

- 03

E n v i r o F o c us S

V015 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 1 / 11 / 2010 1 7

. 32 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V015 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 1 / 11 / 2010 2 5

. 03 E

- 02

E n v i r o F o c us S

V015 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 1 / 11 / 2010 3 2

. 29 E

- 02

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 8 / 8 / 2007 1 2

. 76 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 8 / 8 / 2007 2 3

. 48 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 8 / 8 / 2007 3 3

. 40 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 12 / 3 / 2007 1 1

. 65 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 12 / 3 / 2007 2 1

. 33 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 12 / 3 / 2007 3 1

. 05 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 12 / 3 / 2007 1 1

. 53 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 12 / 3 / 2007 2 1

. 92 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 12 / 3 / 2007 3 1

. 81 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 2 / 17 / 2010 1 5

. 72 E

- 02

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 2 / 17 / 2010 2 2

. 52 E

- 02

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 2 / 17 / 2010 3 8

. 01 E

- 02

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 6 / 29 / 2010 1 2

. 29 E

- 02

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 6 / 29 / 2010 2 1

. 37 E

- 01

T BR EP1 Mai n St a ck 6 / 29 / 2010 3 2

. 29 E

- 02

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 1a Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 3 / 5 / 2009 1 1

. 15 E + 00

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 1a Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 3 / 5 / 2009 2 1

. 06 E + 00

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 1a Bla s

t F u r n a c e E xh a u st 3 / 5 / 2009 3 1

. 56 E + 00

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 2a R

e v e r b F u r n a ce 1 / 6 / 2006 1 8

. 82 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 2a R

e v e r b F u r n a ce 1 / 6 / 2006 2 2

. 41 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 2a R

e v e r b F u r n a ce 1 / 6 / 2006 3 2

. 09 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 2a R

e v e r b F u r n a ce 4 / 16 / 2008 1 5

. 72 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 2a R

e v e r b F u r n a ce 4 / 16 / 2008 2 7

. 78 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93

- 2a R

e v e r b F u r n a ce 4 / 16 / 2008 3 2

. 52 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93 -3 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 12 / 3 / 2007 1 1

. 49 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93 -3 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 12 / 3 / 2007 2 5

. 76 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 93 -3 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 12 / 3 / 2007 3 7

. 94 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 97 -1 R

e v e r b C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, K

e tt l es 2

/ 17 / 2005 1 1

. 64 E

- 01

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 97 -1 R

e v e r b C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, K

e tt l es 2

/ 17 / 2005 2 3

. 10 E

- 02

E x i d e Ba t on R ou ge 97 -1 R

e v e r b C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, K

e tt l es 2

/ 17 / 2005 3 4

. 10 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 18 K e tt l es 10 / 24 / 2007 1 9

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 18 K e tt l es 10 / 24 / 2007 2 1

. 50 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 18 K e tt l es 10 / 24 / 2007 3 2

. 50 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 18 K e tt l es 10 / 27 / 2009 1 5

. 30 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 18 K e tt l es 10 / 27 / 2009 2 3

. 10 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 18 K e tt l es 10 / 27 / 2009 3 2

. 40 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 21 F ee d D r y e r

, K e tt l es 10 / 22 / 2007 1 9

. 40 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 21 F ee d D r y e r

, K e tt l es 10 / 22 / 2007 2 1

. 01 E + 00

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 21 F ee d D r y e r

, K e tt l es 10 / 26 / 2009 1 1

. 50 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 21 F ee d D r y e r

, K e tt l es 10 / 26 / 2009 2 2

. 30 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 21 F ee d D r y e r

, K e tt l es 10 / 26 / 2009 3 2

. 10 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 22 K e tt l es 10 / 26 / 2007 1 7

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 22 K e tt l es 10 / 26 / 2007 2 8

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 22 K e tt l es 10 / 26 / 2007 3 7

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 22 K e tt l es 10 / 28 / 2009 1 2

. 90 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 22 K e tt l es 10 / 28 / 2009 2 4

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 22 K e tt l es 10 / 28 / 2009 3 1

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 23 R e f i n i n g B u il d i ng 10 / 24 / 2003 1 1

. 60 E

- 01

P a ge 3 o f 8F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 23 R e f i n i n g B u il d i ng 10 / 24 / 2003 2 1

. 32 E

- 01 1

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 23 R e f i n i n g B u il d i ng 10 / 24 / 2003 3 2

. 04 E

- 01 1

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 37 F u r n a c e F u g i t i v es 10 / 25 / 2007 1 1

. 60 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 37 F u r n a c e F u g i t i v es 10 / 25 / 2007 2 1

. 10 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 37 F u r n a c e F u g i t i v es 10 / 25 / 2007 3 1

. 20 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 37 F u r n a c e F u g i t i v es 10 / 28 / 2009 1 3

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 37 F u r n a c e F u g i t i v es 10 / 28 / 2009 2 0

. 00 E + 00

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 37 F u r n a c e F u g i t i v es 10 / 28 / 2009 3 3

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 38 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 14 / 2007 1 2

. 20 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 38 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 14 / 2007 2 1

. 70 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 38 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 14 / 2007 3 5

. 80 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 38 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 24 / 2009 1 2

. 10 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 38 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 24 / 2009 2 1

. 30 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 38 R e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 24 / 2009 3 4

. 00 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 45 Ra w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 10 / 23 / 2007 1 1

. 30 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 45 Ra w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 10 / 23 / 2007 2 1

. 20 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 45 Ra w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 10 / 23 / 2007 3 7

. 00 E

- 02

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 45 Ra w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 10 / 29 / 2009 1 1

. 60 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 45 Ra w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 10 / 29 / 2009 2 1

. 30 E

- 01

E x i d e F r i sco EPN 45 Ra w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 10 / 29 / 2009 3 2

. 40 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 12 / 15 / 2006 1 7

. 09 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 12 / 15 / 2006 2 7

. 89 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 12 / 15 / 2006 3 9

. 61 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 9 / 26 / 2007 1 1

. 03 E + 00

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 9 / 26 / 2007 2 1

. 83 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 9 / 26 / 2007 3 1

. 14 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 27 / 2009 1 2

. 29 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 27 / 2009 2 1

. 37 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

11 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 27 / 2009 3 1

. 14 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

13 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 9 / 28 / 2007 1 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

13 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 9 / 28 / 2007 2 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

13 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 9 / 28 / 2007 3 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

13 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 17 / 2009 1 1

. 14 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

13 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 17 / 2009 2 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

13 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 17 / 2009 3 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 11 / 6 / 2007 1 4

. 12 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 11 / 6 / 2007 2 3

. 66 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 11 / 6 / 2007 3 3

. 43 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 25 / 2009 1 1

. 60 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 25 / 2009 2 2

. 29 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 25 / 2009 3 2

. 52 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 4 / 1 / 2010 1 2

. 06 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 4 / 1 / 2010 2 1

. 83 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

19 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 4 / 1 / 2010 3 1

. 83 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

22 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 12 / 27 / 2007 1 1

. 05 E + 00

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

22 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 12 / 27 / 2007 2 6

. 36 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

22 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 12 / 27 / 2007 3 1

. 09 E + 00

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

22 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 19 / 2009 1 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

22 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 19 / 2009 2 1

. 01 E + 00

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

22 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 19 / 2009 3 1

. 14 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

23 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 9 / 24 / 2007 1 1

. 37 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

23 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 9 / 24 / 2007 2 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

23 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 9 / 24 / 2007 3 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

23 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 19 / 2009 1 4

. 35 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

23 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 19 / 2009 2 3

. 89 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

23 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 19 / 2009 3 3

. 89 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 11 / 7 / 2007 1 7

. 55 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 11 / 7 / 2007 2 8

. 01 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 11 / 7 / 2007 3 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 8 / 24 / 2009 1 1

. 37 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 8 / 24 / 2009 2 1

. 14 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 8 / 24 / 2009 3 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 6 / 4 / 2010 1 2

. 29 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 6 / 4 / 2010 2 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

28 F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 6 / 4 / 2010 3 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

47 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 9 / 27 / 2007 1 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

47 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 9 / 27 / 2007 2 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

47 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 9 / 27 / 2007 3 6

. 87 E

- 02

P a ge 4 o f 8F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

47 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 21 / 2009 1 4

. 58 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

47 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 21 / 2009 2 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

47 R

e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 21 / 2009 3 1

. 14 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

55 Bla s

t a nd R e v e r b E xh a u st 11 / 5 / 2007 1 3

. 43 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

55 Bla s

t a nd R e v e r b E xh a u st 11 / 5 / 2007 2 3

. 43 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

55 Bla s

t a nd R e v e r b E xh a u st 11 / 5 / 2007 3 4

. 12 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

55 Bla s

t a nd R e v e r b E xh a u st 8 / 18 / 2009 1 1

. 37 E

- 01

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

55 Bla s

t a nd R e v e r b E xh a u st 8 / 18 / 2009 2 9

. 15 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

55 Bla s

t a nd R e v e r b E xh a u st 8 / 18 / 2009 3 6

. 87 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

58 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 12 / 10 / 2007 1 8

. 70 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

58 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 12 / 10 / 2007 2 5

. 03 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

58 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 12 / 10 / 2007 3 4

. 12 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

58 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 20 / 2009 1 3

. 89 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

58 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 20 / 2009 2 4

. 81 E

- 02

E x i d e R e a d i ng C

58 Ra

w Ma t e r ial s St o r

a ge B u il d i ng 8 / 20 / 2009 3 3

. 66 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 1 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 1 & 2

, A gg l o m e r

a t i on F u r n a ce 2

/ 7 / 2006 1 2

. 79 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 1 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 1 & 2

, A gg l o m e r

a t i on F u r n a ce 2

/ 7 / 2006 2 5

. 55 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 1 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 1 & 2

, A gg l o m e r

a t i on F u r n a ce 2

/ 7 / 2006 3 2

. 65 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 1 B F 1 & 2

, A gg. F u r n a ce 2 / 19 / 2008 1 1

. 32 E + 00

S a nd e rs 1 B F 1 & 2

, A gg. F u r n a ce 2 / 19 / 2008 2 1

. 60 E + 00

S a nd e rs 1 B F 1 & 2

, A gg. F u r n a ce 2 / 19 / 2008 3 1

. 32 E + 00

S a nd e rs 1 B F 1 & 2

, A gg. F u r n a ce 2 / 24 / 2009 1 1

. 11 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 1 B F 1 & 2

, A gg. F u r n a ce 2 / 24 / 2009 2 5

. 33 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 1 B F 1 & 2

, A gg. F u r n a ce 2 / 24 / 2009 3 6

. 76 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 10

/ 23 / 2007 1 2

. 84 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 10

/ 23 / 2007 2 3

. 41 E + 00

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 10

/ 23 / 2007 3 9

. 30 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 10

/ 29 / 2008 1 3

. 40 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 10

/ 29 / 2008 2 1

. 68 E + 00

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 10

/ 29 / 2008 3 1

. 42 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 5

/ 28 / 2009 1 2

. 35 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 5

/ 28 / 2009 2 1

. 70 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4 B F 1 & 2 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i n g, A ll o y

i ng 5

/ 28 / 2009 3 1

. 71 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 2

/ 7 / 2006 1 6

. 96 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 2

/ 7 / 2006 2 7

. 10 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 2

/ 7 / 2006 3 3

. 95 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 2

/ 19 / 2008 1 2

. 84 E + 00

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 2

/ 19 / 2008 2 2

. 63 E + 00

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 2

/ 19 / 2008 3 2

. 35 E + 00

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 4

/ 15 / 2008 1 5

. 72 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 4

/ 15 / 2008 2 3

. 39 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 4

/ 15 / 2008 3 1

. 90 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 4

/ 6 / 2010 1 2

. 65 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 4

/ 6 / 2010 2 1

. 23 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 4

/ 6 / 2010 3 1

. 75 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 8

/ 10 / 2010 1 3

. 32 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 8

/ 10 / 2010 2 2

. 55 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 5 Bla s t F u r n a c e s 3 & 4

, A ll o y i n g O p e r a t i ons 8

/ 10 / 2010 3 2

. 38 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 10 / 17 / 2006 1 1

. 36 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 10 / 17 / 2006 2 5

. 47 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 10 / 17 / 2006 3 7

. 44 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 10 / 28 / 2008 1 4

. 64 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 10 / 28 / 2008 2 8

. 70 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 10 / 28 / 2008 3 7

. 34 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 8 / 12 / 2010 1 1

. 35 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 8 / 12 / 2010 2 4

. 69 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 10 S la g T r e a t m e nt 8 / 12 / 2010 3 1

. 06 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 4a B F 3 & 4 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 5 / 27 / 2009 1 1

. 59 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4a B F 3 & 4 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 5 / 27 / 2009 2 1

. 52 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4a B F 3 & 4 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 5 / 27 / 2009 3 1

. 04 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4a B F 3 & 4 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 12 / 2010 1 1

. 63 E

- 01

S a nd e rs 4a B F 3 & 4 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 12 / 2010 2 3

. 54 E

- 02

S a nd e rs 4a B F 3 & 4 C h a r g i n g a nd T a pp i ng 8 / 12 / 2010 3 5

. 18 E

- 02

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 5 / 23 / 2006 1 2

. 97 E

- 01

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 5 / 23 / 2006 2 8

. 01 E

- 01

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 5 / 23 / 2006 3 9

. 15 E

- 02

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 8 / 16 / 2007 1 5

. 42 E

- 01

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 8 / 16 / 2007 2 5

. 42 E

- 01

P a ge 5 o f 8F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 8 / 16 / 2007 3 3

. 80 E

- 01

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 5 / 20 / 2009 1 3

. 23 E

- 01

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 5 / 20 / 2009 2 5

. 42 E

- 01

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 5 / 20 / 2009 3 2

. 59 E

- 01

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 8 / 19 / 2010 1 1

. 01 E + 00

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 8 / 19 / 2010 2 1

. 33 E + 00

D o e R un EP

08 Mai n St a ck 8 / 19 / 2010 3 1

. 24 E + 00

D o e R un EP 16 Ba tt e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 16 / 2010 1 4

. 27 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 16 Ba tt e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 16 / 2010 2 7

. 93 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 16 Ba tt e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 16 / 2010 3 3

. 76 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 31A D r u m S h r e dd e r F ee d H opp er 8 / 30 / 2005 1 4

. 03 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 31A D r u m S h r e dd e r F ee d H opp er 8 / 30 / 2005 2 2

. 11 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 31A D r u m S h r e dd e r F ee d H opp er 8 / 30 / 2005 3 2

. 47 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 31B D r u m S h r e dd e r B u il d i n g H y

g i e ne 8 / 10 / 2005 1 3

. 32 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 31B D r u m S h r e dd e r B u il d i n g H y

g i e ne 8 / 10 / 2005 2 2

. 18 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 31B D r u m S h r e dd e r B u il d i n g H y

g i e ne 8 / 10 / 2005 3 2

. 27 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 31C D r u m S h r e dd er 8 / 23 / 2005 1 1

. 38 E + 00

D o e R un EP 31C D r u m S h r e dd er 8 / 23 / 2005 2 1

. 87 E + 00

D o e R un EP 31C D r u m S h r e dd er 8 / 23 / 2005 3 1

. 95 E + 00

D o e R un EP 71 R e v e r b S la g T a p F u g i t i v

es 7 / 22 / 2009 1 7

. 09 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 71 R e v e r b S la g T a p F u g i t i v

es 7 / 22 / 2009 2 9

. 38 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 71 R e v e r b S la g T a p F u g i t i v

es 7 / 22 / 2009 3 7

. 09 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 71 R e v e r b S la g T a p F u g i t i v

es 8 / 16 / 2010 1 2

. 00 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 71 R e v e r b S la g T a p F u g i t i v

es 8 / 16 / 2010 2 3

. 61 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 71 R e v e r b S la g T a p F u g i t i v

es 8 / 16 / 2010 3 2

. 13 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 72 K e tt l es 8 / 17 / 2010 1 1

. 31 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 72 K e tt l es 8 / 17 / 2010 2 5

. 97 E

- 02

D o e R un EP 72 K e tt l es 8 / 17 / 2010 3 3

. 97 E

- 02

D o e R un EP 73 S w e a t F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 12 / 22 / 2005 1 2

. 38 E + 00

D o e R un EP 73 S w e a t F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 12 / 22 / 2005 2 7

. 76 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 73 S w e a t F u r n a c

e F u g i t i v es 12 / 22 / 2005 3 6

. 61 E

- 01

D o e R un EP 81 K e tt ls 8 / 17 / 2010 1 6

. 23 E

- 02

D o e R un EP 81 K e tt ls 8 / 17 / 2010 2 7

. 96 E

- 02

D o e R un EP 81 K e tt ls 8 / 17 / 2010 3 2

. 59 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 6 / 2006 1 2

. 52 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 6 / 2006 2 1

. 83 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 6 / 2006 3 2

. 06 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 5 / 2008 1 4

. 35 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 5 / 2008 2 4

. 35 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 6 / 5 / 2008 3 4

. 35 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 11 / 2010 1 2

. 03 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 12 / 2010 2 4

. 56 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

01 R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 13 / 2010 3 2

. 84 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 6 / 5 / 2006 1 2

. 97 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 6 / 5 / 2006 2 2

. 29 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 6 / 5 / 2006 3 1

. 83 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 6 / 9 / 2008 1 4

. 12 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 6 / 9 / 2008 2 4

. 35 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 6 / 9 / 2008 3 4

. 35 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 8 / 17 / 2010 1 8

. 49 E

- 04

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 8 / 17 / 2010 2 1

. 02 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

02 Bla s

t F u r n a c e C h a r g i ng 8 / 17 / 2010 3 1

. 47 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S 10 R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 6 / 6 / 2006 1 1

. 14 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S 10 R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 6 / 6 / 2006 2 2

. 29 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S 10 R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 6 / 6 / 2006 3 4

. 58 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S 10 R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 6 / 4 / 2008 1 7

. 09 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S 10 R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 6 / 4 / 2008 2 1

. 83 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S 10 R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 6 / 4 / 2008 3 1

. 08 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S

202 R

o t a r y S c r a p D r y er 6 / 7 / 2006 1 2

. 77 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S

202 R

o t a r y S c r a p D r y er 6 / 7 / 2006 2 2

. 77 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S

202 R

o t a r y S c r a p D r y er 6 / 7 / 2006 3 2

. 06 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S

202 R

o t a r y S c r a p D r y er 8 / 28 / 2008 1 3

. 78 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S

202 R

o t a r y S c r a p D r y er 8 / 28 / 2008 2 5

. 95 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S

202 R

o t a r y S c r a p D r y er 8 / 28 / 2008 3 3

. 07 E

- 01

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 6 / 5 / 2006 1 6

. 87 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 6 / 5 / 2006 2 1

. 14 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 6 / 5 / 2006 3 1

. 14 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 6 / 2 / 2008 1 3

. 66 E

- 02

P a ge 6 o f 8F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 6 / 2 / 2008 2 3

. 66 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 6 / 2 / 2008 3 3

. 89 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 8 / 3 / 2010 1 1

. 93 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 8 / 3 / 2010 2 5

. 48 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

03 Ma t

e r ial B u il d i n g St o r

a ge F u g i t i ve 8 / 3 / 2010 3 2

. 04 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

21 S la g St o r a ge B u il d i n g F u g i t i v

es 8 / 5 / 2010 1 1

. 31 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

21 S la g St o r a ge B u il d i n g F u g i t i v

es 8 / 5 / 2010 2 1

. 45 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S

21 S la g St o r a ge B u il d i n g F u g i t i v

es 8 / 5 / 2010 3 1

. 87 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S 39 R e v e r b S la g T a p

, K

e tt l es 6 / 7 / 2006 1 1

. 37 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S 39 R e v e r b S la g T a p

, K

e tt l es 6 / 7 / 2006 2 9

. 15 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S 39 R e v e r b S la g T a p

, K

e tt l es 6 / 7 / 2006 3 9

. 15 E

- 03

E a s t P e nn S 39 R e v e r b S la g T a p

, K

e tt l es 6 / 6 / 2008 1 9

. 15 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S 39 R e v e r b S la g T a p

, K

e tt l es 6 / 6 / 2008 2 4

. 58 E

- 02

E a s t P e nn S 39 R e v e r b S la g T a p

, K

e tt l es 6 / 6 / 2008 3 4

. 12 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- BR Bi n R oom 8 / 8 / 2007 1 8

. 24 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- BR Bi n R oom 8 / 8 / 2007 2 8

. 24 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- BR Bi n R oom 8 / 8 / 2007 3 7

. 55 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- BR Bi n R oom 10 / 28 / 2008 1 2

. 29 E

- 04

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- BR Bi n R oom 10 / 29 / 2008 2 2

. 29 E

- 04

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- BR Bi n R oom 10 / 29 / 2008 3 3

. 20 E

- 03

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -R R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 28 / 2007 1 1

. 30 E

- 01

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -R R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 28 / 2007 2 1

. 19 E

- 01

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -R R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 28 / 2007 3 9

. 84 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -R R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 25 / 2009 1 2

. 06 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -R R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 25 / 2009 2 1

. 37 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -R R e f i n i n g a nd C

a s t i ng 8 / 25 / 2009 3 1

. 14 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- RD R o t a r y D r y er 7 / 5 / 2006 1 2

. 97 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- RD R o t a r y D r y er 7 / 5 / 2006 2 2

. 29 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- RD R o t a r y D r y er 7 / 5 / 2006 3 2

. 52 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- RD R o t a r y D r y er 6 / 26 / 2008 1 1

. 30 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- RD R o t a r y D r y er 6 / 26 / 2008 2 4

. 26 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H

- RD R o t a r y D r y er 6 / 26 / 2008 3 1

. 95 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -V Bla s t & R e v e r b C h a r g i ng 9 / 6 / 2006 1 8

. 24 E

- 03

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -V Bla s t & R e v e r b C h a r g i ng 9 / 6 / 2006 2 2

. 01 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -V Bla s t & R e v e r b C h a r g i ng 9 / 6 / 2006 3 2

. 13 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -V Bla s t & R e v e r b C h a r g i ng 8 / 19 / 2008 1 5

. 49 E

- 03

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -V Bla s t & R e v e r b C h a r g i ng 8 / 19 / 2008 2 7

. 32 E

- 03

E x i d e M un c

ie B H -V Bla s t & R e v e r b C h a r g i ng 8 / 19 / 2008 3 6

. 41 E

- 03

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -N R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 7 / 19 / 2007 1 7

. 09 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -N R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 7 / 19 / 2007 2 7

. 55 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -N R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 7 / 19 / 2007 3 6

. 18 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -N R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 26 / 2009 1 1

. 37 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -N R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 26 / 2009 2 1

. 14 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -N R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 26 / 2009 3 9

. 15 E

- 03

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -S R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 7 / 20 / 2007 1 5

. 95 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -S R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 7 / 20 / 2007 2 2

. 97 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -S R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 7 / 20 / 2007 3 6

. 41 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -S R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 26 / 2009 1 1

. 60 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -S R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 26 / 2009 2 1

. 60 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -S R

e v e r b & Bla s

t E xh a u st 8 / 26 / 2009 3 1

. 60 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -V Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 10 / 4 / 2006 1 8

. 01 E

- 02

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -V Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 10 / 4 / 2006 2 2

. 01 E

- 01

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -V Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 10 / 4 / 2006 3 1

. 77 E

- 01

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -V Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 22 / 2008 1 1

. 98 E

- 01

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -V Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 22 / 2008 2 2

. 87 E

- 01

E x i d e M un c

ie S C R -V Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 22 / 2008 3 2

. 00 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V001 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 3 / 2010 1 1

. 66 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V001 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 3 / 2010 2 1

. 68 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V001 Ba tt

e r y B r e a k e r S c r ubb er 8 / 3 / 2010 3 2

. 34 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 6 / 27 / 2006 1 1

. 70 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 6 / 27 / 2006 2 8

. 00 E

- 03

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 6 / 27 / 2006 3 1

. 70 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 11 / 2007 1 1

. 30 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 11 / 2007 2 2

. 10 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 11 / 2007 3 2

. 50 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 17 / 2008 1 9

. 80 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 17 / 2008 2 2

. 80 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 17 / 2008 3 2

. 60 E

- 02

P a ge 7 o f 8F a c ili ty E m i ss

i on P o i nt P r o c e ss T e s t D a te S

a m p l e # L e a d C on c e nt r a t i on (m g / d s c m) B D L F lag

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 22 / 2009 1 5

. 00 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 22 / 2009 2 4

. 30 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 9 / 22 / 2009 3 2

. 40 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 8 / 3 / 2010 1 1

. 86 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 8 / 3 / 2010 2 1

. 74 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V002 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 8 / 3 / 2010 3 1

. 59 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 6 / 27 / 2006 1 1

. 20 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 6 / 27 / 2006 2 1

. 30 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 6 / 27 / 2006 3 2

. 20 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 11 / 2007 1 3

. 30 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 11 / 2007 2 4

. 70 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 11 / 2007 3 6

. 30 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 17 / 2008 1 2

. 10 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 17 / 2008 2 1

. 70 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 17 / 2008 3 1

. 60 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 22 / 2009 1 2

. 50 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 22 / 2009 2 3

. 00 E

- 02

G oph e r E a g

an S V003 Mai n St a ck 9 / 22 / 2009 3 1

. 10 E

- 01

G oph e r E a g

an S V008 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 10 / 13 / 2009 1 4

. 00 E

- 03

G oph e r E a g

an S V008 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 10 / 13 / 2009 2 3

. 20 E

- 03

G oph e r E a g

an S V008 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 10 / 13 / 2009 3 3

. 40 E

- 03

G oph e r E a g

an S V008 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 8 / 4 / 2010 1 2

. 56 E

- 03

G oph e r E a g

an S V008 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 8 / 4 / 2010 2 2

. 21 E

- 03

G oph e r E a g

an S V008 V e nt ila t i on T o r it 8 / 4 / 2010 3 2

. 00 E

- 03

P a ge 8 o f 8E x c e r p t s f r o m 1 9 94 P ro p o s a l a n d Fi n a l ru l e

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http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/lead2nd/seclead.pdf

Comment: Two commenters (IV-D-01 and IV-D-16) discussed

the surrogate pollutants selected by the EPA for organic HAP's

and metal HAP's. One commenter (IV-D-01) supported the EPA's

decision to use THC as a surrogate for organic HAP emissions.

Another commenter (IV-D-16) requested that the EPA reconsider

its decision to establish an emission standard for lead ratherthan particulate matter (PM) as a surrogate for metal HAP's.

The commenter stated that because baghouses are the MACT for

metal HAP control and because baghouses control PM without

discriminating among PM species, it may be more appropriate to

establish a limit for PM rather than lead. The commenter also

noted that the EPA test data indicate that the ratio of lead

to PM is variable and lead emissions may vary with no

variation in the efficiency of the baghouse in controlling PM.

Response: As stated in the proposal preamble

(59 FR 29761), the EPA evaluated both PM and lead as

surrogates for all metal HAP's for which emission standards

would be established. The EPA found that compounds of lead

are the most prevalent metal HAP in secondary lead smelter

emissions. The EPA also found that lead is concentrated with

other metal HAP's in the smallest and most difficult to

control size fraction of PM from smelters. In addition, it

was determined that there is a stronger correlation of metal

HAP emissions with lead emissions than with PM emissions. No

data have been received since proposal that would change any

of these conclusions.

The EPA agrees that the ratio of lead to PM is variable

and lead emissions may vary with no variation in control

efficiency for PM. The EPA is therefore establishing a limit

for lead to ensure that controls are designed and operated to

achieve effective control of lead compounds and other metal

HAP's that are found in the smallest size fractions of PM,

regardless of the overall control efficiency of PM.

# Exide Technologies

2009 TCEQ Air Emissions Inventory

Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

Frisco, Texas

March 2010Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P. i Exide T echnologies – Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ ............. 1-1

2 Process Description ......................................................................................................... ........ 2-1

2.1 Smelting and Refining Operations............................................................................ 2-1

2.2 Oxide Process ........................................................................................................... 2-2

3 Emission Calculation Methodology ....................................................................................... 3-1

3.1 Raw Material Storage ............................................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Battery Breaker Operations ...................................................................................... 3-1

3.3 Smelting Operations ................................................................................................. 3-2

3.4 Refining and Casting Operations .............................................................................. 3-3

3.5 Slag Treatment Building ........................................................................................... 3-4

3.6 Oxide Process ........................................................................................................... 3-4

3.7 Truck Loading Operations ........................................................................................ 3-5

3.8 Other Sources............................................................................................................ 3-5

3.9 Miscellaneous Natural Gas Combustion Sources ..................................................... 3-6

3.10 EE and SMSS Emissions .......................................................................................... 3-6

4 Ancillary Data .............................................................................................................. ........... 4-1

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 2009 Emissions Summa ry (tons per year) ..................................................................... 1-2

Table 2 2009 Emissions Summary (pounds per day) ................................................................. 1-3

Table 3 Annual Emission Rate Summary by Contaminant ........................................................ 1-4

Table 4 Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary ....................................................... 1-5

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Emission Calculation Spreadsheets

Appendix B Supporting Calculations

Appendix C Updated Emissions Inventory Printout

Appendix D Process Flow Diagrams

Appendix E Plot Plan

Appendix F Lone StarS PrintoutSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 1-1 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## 1

INTRODUCTION

The Exide Technologies, Inc. Recycling Division facility (Exide), Texas Commission on

Environmental Quality (TCEQ) CN600129787, is a battery recycling plant located in Frisco,

Collin County, Texas. The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code for the facility is 3341.

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code is 331492. The TCEQ

Regulated Entity Number (RN) is RN100218643 and the TCEQ account number is CP-0029-G.

Pursuant to Texas Health & Safety Code §382.014 and Title 30 of the Texas Administration

Code (TAC) §101.10 (Emissions Inventory Requirements), Exide is submitting the following

Emissions Inventory (EI) for the calendar year 2009.

Exide is submitting the 2009 Emissions Inventory electronically to the TCEQ in the State of

Texas Air Reporting System (STARS) format. A delta file has been prepared using the STARS

Electronic Reporting Guidelines. The delta file is provided on a Compact Disc (CD) included

with this report. As Exide is submitting the 2009 Emissions Inventory electronically, the paperbased Emissions Inventory Questionnaire (EIQ) printout is not provided this year.

The emissions calculation spreadsheets, additional supporting calculations, updated EIQ

Signature and Summary of Emissions pages, Pro cess Flow Diagrams, and Site Plot Plan are

located in Appendices A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Emissions are summarized in

Tables 1 (tpy) and 2 (lbs/day). An annual emission rate summary is provided in Table 3 and a

detailed source-specific emission rate summary is provided in Table 4 at the end of this section.

For the EIQ report, 70% of overall particulate emissions were assumed to be PM 10 and 30% of

the total particulate emissions were assumed to be PM 2.5 based on engineering judgment and

consistency with EI reports submitted for previous years. 

## SECTIONTable 1

Sitewide Pollutant Emissions Summary (tons per year)

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

EPN Total PM Lead H 2 SO 4 VOC SO 2 NOx CO

10 Blast Furnace Fugitives 1.9197 0.0893

11 Oxide Reactor 3 Baghouse 0.0289 0.0026

12 Oxide Reactor 2 Baghouse 0.0124 0.0053

13 Oxide Reactor 1 Baghouse 0.0191 0.0008

14 Oxide Hygiene Baghouse 0.0983 0.0071

15 North Oxide Hammermill Baghouse 0.0328 0.0010

16 Oxide Reactor 4 Baghouse 0.0190 0.0013

17 South Oxide Hammermill Baghouse 0.0153 0.0002

18 Hard Lead Baghouse 2.3846 0.1296 2.4624 0.0864 0.3024 2.1600

21 Soft Lead Baghouse 4.2379 0.2160 0.3024 25.0128 6.4800 4.8384 33.2640

22 Special Alloys Baghouse 3.1925 0.0432 1.2312 0.5184 0.3024 2.5920

23 Smelter Central Vacuum Baghouse 0.2851 0.0019

24 Oxide Reactor 5 Baghouse 0.0141 0.0006

25 Oxide Reactor 6 Baghouse 0.0135 0.0007

26 Oxide Central Vacuum Baghouse 0.0236 0.0010

27 West Truck Loading Fugitives 0.0001

28 East Truck Loading Fugitives 0.0002

35 Reverberatory Furnace Fugitives 4.4445 0.2067

36 Casting Area Fugitives 0.0851 0.0261

37 Supplemental Ventilation Baghouse 20.9065 0.0419 5.4863 23.0340 34.3416 1.0470 14.2392

38 Metallurgical Scrubber 13.0333 0.1653 8.0365 2.2444 599.6160 42.5144 595.0356

39 Slag Crush and Screen Baghouse 0.6288 0.0017

41 Road Traffic West Fugitives 0.2143 0.1072

42 Road Traffic South Fugitives 0.2143 0.1072

43 Road Traffic East Fugitives 0.2143 0.1072

44 Covered Material Storage Area 0.0107 0.0107

45 Raw Material Storage Bldg. Baghouse 7.4736 0.2160

46 Oxide Building Fugitives 0.0071 0.0052 0.0006 0.0881 0.0375

47* Raw Material Storage Bldg. Fugitives 0.0000 0.0000

48 Battery Breaker Scrubber 1.0140 0.0293 0.0293

48FUG Battery Breaker Fugitives 0.0657

49 Reagent Silo #1 Baghouse 0.1689

50 Reagent Silo #2 Baghouse 0.1689

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arch 2010 1-2 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 1 50 Reagent Silo #2 Baghouse 0

. 1689

51 Sodium Bicarbonate Storage Silo Filter 0.7509

52 Slag Handling Fugitives 0.0470 0.0070

53 Material Handling Fugitives 0.0781 0.0391

54 Soft Lead Kettle Heating Stack 0.0192 0.0139 0.0015 0.2520 0.2117

55 Hard Lead & Sp. Alloy Kettle Heating Stack 0.0483 0.0349 0.0038 0.6354 0.5337

56 Oxide Process Combustion Sources 1 0.0114 0.0083 0.0009 0.1506 0.1265

57 Oxide Process Combustion Sources 2 0.0114 0.0083 0.0009 0.1506 0.1265

58 Oxide Process Combustion Sources 3 0.0114 0.0083 0.0009 0.1506 0.1265

DT Diesel Tank 0.0086

D-1 Degreasers 0.0000

CRYSTLBLR Crystallizer Boiler 0.0904 0.1446 0.0090 1.0665 1.3557

FLASHDRYER Crystallizer Flash Dryer 0.0816 0.0583 0.0069 1.1431 0.9564

Totals 62.0313 1.5659 13.9202 54.2752 641.0669 52.6416 650.7654

Notes:

* - Any emissions that may occur from this source are below levels that necessitate quantification. The TCEQ only requires reporting of lead emissions that exceed 0.001 tpy.

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arch 2010 1-2 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 1Table 2

Sitewide Pollutant Emissions Summary (pounds per day)

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

EPN Total PM Lead H 2 SO 4 VOC SO 2 NOx CO

10 Blast Furnace Fugitives 11.2923 0.5252

11 Oxide Reactor 3 Baghouse 0.8688 0.0768

12 Oxide Reactor 2 Baghouse 0.3744 0.1584

13 Oxide Reactor 1 Baghouse 0.5736 0.0240

14 Oxide Hygiene Baghouse 1.8216 0.1320

15 North Oxide Hammermill Baghouse 1.9752 0.0624

16 Oxide Reactor 4 Baghouse 0.5712 0.0384

17 South Oxide Hammermill Baghouse 0.9192 0.0120

18 Hard Lead Baghouse 13.2480 0.7200 13.6800 0.4800 1.6800 12.0000

21 Soft Lead Baghouse 23.5440 1.2000 1.6800 138.9600 36.0000 26.8800 184.8000

22 Special Alloys Baghouse 17.7360 0.2400 6.8400 2.8800 1.6800 14.4000

23 Smelter Central Vacuum Baghouse 1.5840 0.0106

24 Oxide Reactor 5 Baghouse 0.4248 0.0192

25 Oxide Reactor 6 Baghouse 0.4056 0.0216

26 Oxide Central Vacuum Baghouse 0.4368 0.0192

27 West Truck Loading Fugitives 0.0013

28 East Truck Loading Fugitives 0.0052

35 Reverberatory Furnace Fugitives 26.1440 1.2160

36 Casting Area Fugitives 0.4676 0.1433

37 Supplemental Ventilation Baghouse 119.8080 0.2400 31.4400 132.0000 196.8000 6.0000 81.6000

38 Metallurgical Scrubber 75.1200 0.9528 46.3200 12.9360 3456.0000 245.0400 3429.6000

39 Slag Crush and Screen Baghouse 4.8369 0.0161

41 Road Traffic West Fugitives 1.1745 0.5873

42 Road Traffic South Fugitives 1.1745 0.5873

43 Road Traffic East Fugitives 1.1745 0.5873

44 Covered Material Storage Area 0.0587 0.0587

45 Raw Material Storage Bldg. Baghouse 41.5200 1.2000

46 Oxide Building Fugitives 0.1368 0.0990 0.0108 1.6920 0.7200

47* Raw Material Storage Bldg. Fugitives 0.0000 0.0000

48 Battery Breaker Scrubber 12.4800 0.3600 0.3600

48FUG Battery Breaker Fugitives 0.6066

49 Reagent Silo #1 Baghouse 0.9257

50 Reagent Silo #2 Baghouse 0.9257

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arch 2010 1-3 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 2 50 Reagent Silo #2 Baghouse 0

. 9257

51 Sodium Bicarbonate Storage Silo Filter 4.1143

52 Slag Handling Fugitives 0.2762 0.0413

53 Material Handling Fugitives 0.4293 0.2146

54 Soft Lead Kettle Heating Stack 0.1140 0.0825 0.0090 1.5000 1.2600

55 Hard Lead & Sp. Alloy Kettle Heating Stack 0.2754 0.1993 0.0217 3.6240 3.0442

56 Oxide Process Combustion Sources 1 0.2280 0.1650 0.0180 3.0000 2.5200

57 Oxide Process Combustion Sources 2 0.2280 0.1650 0.0180 3.0000 2.5200

58 Oxide Process Combustion Sources 3 0.2280 0.1650 0.0180 3.0000 2.5200

DT Diesel Tank 0.0714

D-1 Degreasers 0.0000

CRYSTLBLR Crystallizer Boiler 1.0043 1.6068 0.1004 11.8502 15.0638

FLASHDRYER Crystallizer Flash Dryer 0.4536 0.3240 0.0381 6.3504 5.3136

Totals 369.0799 9.4644 80.4066 307.2940 3692.3941 315.2966 3755.3615

Notes:

* - Any emissions that may occur from this source are below levels that necessitate quantification. The TCEQ only requires reporting of lead emissions that exceed 0.001 tpy.

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arch 2010 1-3 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 2Table 3

Annual Emission Rate Summary by Contaminant

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Contaminant Code Pollutant Emission Rate

(tpy) Emission Rate

(ppd)

29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 43.3313 258.0183

14310 LEAD-PB 1.5659 9.4644

70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 641.0669 3692.3941

70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 52.6416 315.2966

90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 650.7654 3755.3615

59999 VOC-TOTAL 54.2752 307.2940

39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 18.5370 110.1714

Contaminant Code Pollutant Emission Rate

(tpy) Emission Rate

(ppd)

14590 SELENIUM-SE 0.0100 0.0576

14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.1083 0.6235

19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 62.0313 369.0799

20000 PM10 PART-U 42.1789 251.3172

24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0199 0.1161

24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0106 0.0617

24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0463 0.2688

24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.9927 5.7777

24590 PM10 SELENIUM-SE 0.0021 0.0122

24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0758 0.4365

50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 51.4749 291.3862

52420 BENZENE 0.3701 2.1212

52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0823 0.4667

52490 TOLUENE 0.9937 5.6184

52512 META-XYLENE 0.2373 1.3519

52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.1182 0.6709

54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.1622 0.9140

54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.3288 1.8489

56600 HEXANE 0.0711 0.4045

70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 1.6613 9.4800

70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 13.9202 80.4066

59300 NAPHTHA 0.0000 0.0000

59150 DIESEL 0.0086 0.0714

70511 SULFUR DIOXIDE (LIQUID) 0.0000 0.0000

52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.1842 1.0462

53390 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 0.0124 0.0686

55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.1099 0.6292

24595 PM10 SELENIUM & COMPOUNDS 0.0049 0.0282

14010 ALUMINUM - AL 0.0006 0.0053

52480 STYRENE 0.1215 0.6960

14315 LEAD OXIDE 0.0003 0.0064 Criteria Pollutant Emissions Summary

Non-Criteria Pollutants Emissions Summary

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arch 2010 1-4 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 3Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

BLAST 38 10000 PART-U 3.8343 22.1075

BLAST 38 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0031 0.0181

BLAST 38 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0018 0.0101

BLAST 38 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0079 0.0456

BLAST 38 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0499 0.2874

BLAST 38 14590 SELENIUM-SE 0.003 0.0174

BLAST 38 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0314 0.181

BLAST 38 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 3.9314 22.6592

BLAST 38 20000 PM10 PART-U 2.684 15.4753

BLAST 38 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0022 0.0127

BLAST 38 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0012 0.0071

BLAST 38 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0055 0.0319

BLAST 38 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0349 0.2012

BLAST 38 24590 PM10 SELENIUM-SE 0.0021 0.0122

BLAST 38 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.022 0.1267

BLAST 38 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 2.752 15.867

BLAST 38 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 1.1794 6.7978

BLAST 38 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.4186 2.4127

BLAST 38 52420 BENZENE 0.0801 0.4617

BLAST 38 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0068 0.039

BLAST 38 52490 TOLUENE 0.0688 0.3967

BLAST 38 52512 META-XYLENE 0.053 0.3057

BLAST 38 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0113 0.065

BLAST 38 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0 0113 0 065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE

. . BLAST 38 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0226 0.1301

BLAST 38 56600 HEXANE 0.0045 0.026

BLAST 38 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.677 3.902

BLAST 38 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.2462 1.4189

BLAST 38 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 12.8241 73.914

BLAST 38 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 180.8685 1,042.4696

BLAST 38 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 2.4241 13.972

BLAST 38 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 179.4868 1,034.5062

BLASTFUG 10 10000 PART-U 1.8148 10.6752

BLASTFUG 10 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0045 0.0263

BLASTFUG 10 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0022 0.0131

BLASTFUG 10 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0089 0.0525

BLASTFUG 10 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0893 0.5252

BLASTFUG 10 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 1.9197 11.2923

BLASTFUG 10 20000 PM10 PART-U 1.2703 7.4726

BLASTFUG 10 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0031 0.0184

BLASTFUG 10 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0016 0.0092

BLASTFUG 10 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0063 0.0368

BLASTFUG 10 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0625 0.3677

BLASTFUG 10 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 1.3438 7.9046

BLASTFUG 10 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.5759 3.3877

BLASTFUG 10 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

BREAKER 48 10000 PART-U 0.9848 12.12

BREAKER 48 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0293 0.36

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2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

BREAKER 48 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 1.014 12.48

BREAKER 48 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.6893 8.484

BREAKER 48 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0205 0.252

BREAKER 48 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.7098 8.736

BREAKER 48 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.3042 3.744

BREAKER 48 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

BREAKER 48 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0293 0.36

BREAKERFUG 48FUG 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

BREAKERFUG 48FUG 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

BREAKERFUG 48FUG 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

BREAKERFUG 48FUG 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0657 0.6066

COVRMSB44 44 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0107 0.0587

COVRMSB44 44 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0107 0.0587

COVRMSB44 44 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0107 0.0587

COVRMSB44 44 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0107 0.0587

COVRMSB44 44 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0032 0.0176

COVRMSB44 44 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.009 0.1004

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 1.0665 11.8502

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 1.3557 15.0638

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.1446 1.6068

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.1446 1.6068

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 10000 PART-U 0.0904 1.0043

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0 0904 1 0043 CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0904 1.0043

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0904 1.0043

CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0904 1.0043

D-1 D-1 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

D-1 D-1 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

D-1 D-1 59300 NAPHTHA -0- -0-

D-1 D-1 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

DIESELTK1 DT 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

DIESELTK1 DT 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

DIESELTK1 DT 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED -0- -0-

DIESELTK1 DT 59150 DIESEL 0.0086 0.0714

DIESELTK1 DT 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0086 0.0714

DROSSBIN 22 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

DROSSBIN 22 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

DROSSBIN 22 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

DRYTPIECE 45 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

DRYTPIECE 45 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

DRYTPIECE 45 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

FDRYHOP 45 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

FDRYHOP 45 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

FDRYHOP 45 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

FEEDDRYER 45 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

FEEDDRYER 45 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

FEEDDRYER 45 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0069 0.0381

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M

arch 2010 1-6 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 1.1431 6.3504

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.9564 5.3136

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0583 0.324

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.0583 0.324

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 10000 PART-U 0.0816 0.4536

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0816 0.4536

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0816 0.4536

FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0816 0.4536

HLSACOMB 55 10000 PART-U 0.0483 0.2754

HLSACOMB 55 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0483 0.2754

HLSACOMB 55 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0338 0.1928

HLSACOMB 55 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0338 0.1928

HLSACOMB 55 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0145 0.0826

HLSACOMB 55 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.0349 0.1993

HLSACOMB 55 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0349 0.1993

HLSACOMB 55 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.6354 3.624

HLSACOMB 55 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0038 0.0217

HLSACOMB 55 70511 SULFUR DIOXIDE (LIQUID) -0- -0-

HLSACOMB 55 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.5337 3.0442

KETTLE2 22 10000 PART-U 3.1472 17.4844

KETTLE2 22 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0006 0.0031

KETTLE2 22 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0006

KETTLE2 22 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0014 0.0079

KETTLE2 22 14310 LEAD PB 0 0432 0 24 KETTLE2 22 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0432 0.24

KETTLE2 22 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 3.1925 17.736

KETTLE2 22 20000 PM10 PART-U 2.203 12.2391

KETTLE2 22 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0004 0.0022

KETTLE2 22 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0004

KETTLE2 22 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.001 0.0055

KETTLE2 22 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0302 0.168

KETTLE2 22 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 2.2347 12.4152

KETTLE2 22 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.9577 5.3208

KETTLE2 22 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 1.2312 6.84

KETTLE2 22 59999 VOC-TOTAL 1.2312 6.84

KETTLE2 22 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.3024 1.68

KETTLE2 22 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.5184 2.88

KETTLE2 22 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 2.592 14.4

KETTLE3 18 10000 PART-U 0.5625 3.1253

KETTLE3 18 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0008

KETTLE3 18 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0004

KETTLE3 18 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0006 0.0032

KETTLE3 18 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0324 0.18

KETTLE3 18 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0023

KETTLE3 18 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.5962 3.312

KETTLE3 18 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.3938 2.1877

KETTLE3 18 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0005

KETTLE3 18 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0003

KETTLE3 18 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0004 0.0023

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-7 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

KETTLE3 18 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0227 0.126

KETTLE3 18 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0016

KETTLE3 18 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4173 2.3184

KETTLE3 18 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.1788 0.9936

KETTLE3 18 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.6156 3.42

KETTLE3 18 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.6156 3.42

KETTLE3 18 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.0756 0.42

KETTLE3 18 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0216 0.12

KETTLE3 18 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.54 3.

KETTLE4 18 10000 PART-U 0.5625 3.1253

KETTLE4 18 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0008

KETTLE4 18 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0004

KETTLE4 18 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0006 0.0032

KETTLE4 18 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0324 0.18

KETTLE4 18 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0023

KETTLE4 18 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.5962 3.312

KETTLE4 18 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.3938 2.1877

KETTLE4 18 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0005

KETTLE4 18 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0003

KETTLE4 18 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0004 0.0023

KETTLE4 18 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0227 0.126

KETTLE4 18 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0016

KETTLE4 18 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4173 2.3184

KETTLE4 18 39999 TOTAL PM2 5 PARTICULATE 0 1788 0 9936 KETTLE4 18 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.1788 0.9936

KETTLE4 18 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.6156 3.42

KETTLE4 18 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.6156 3.42

KETTLE4 18 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.0756 0.42

KETTLE4 18 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0216 0.12

KETTLE4 18 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.54 3.

KETTLE5 21 10000 PART-U 0.6698 3.7212

KETTLE5 21 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00003 0.0002

KETTLE5 21 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE5 21 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.00003 0.0001

KETTLE5 21 14310 LEAD-PB 0.036 0.2

KETTLE5 21 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0024

KETTLE5 21 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.7063 3.924

KETTLE5 21 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.4689 2.6048

KETTLE5 21 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE5 21 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.00001 0.0001

KETTLE5 21 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE5 21 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0252 0.14

KETTLE5 21 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0017

KETTLE5 21 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4944 2.7468

KETTLE5 21 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.2119 1.1772

KETTLE5 21 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 3.9884 22.1575

KETTLE5 21 52420 BENZENE 0.0083 0.046

KETTLE5 21 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0052 0.0286

KETTLE5 21 52490 TOLUENE 0.0799 0.444

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-8 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

KETTLE5 21 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLE5 21 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0072 0.04

KETTLE5 21 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLE5 21 53390 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 0.0021 0.0114

KETTLE5 21 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.016 0.0888

KETTLE5 21 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0361 0.2004

KETTLE5 21 55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.0005 0.0029

KETTLE5 21 56600 HEXANE 0.0031 0.0172

KETTLE5 21 59999 VOC-TOTAL 4.1688 23.16

KETTLE5 21 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.0641 0.356

KETTLE5 21 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.8064 4.48

KETTLE5 21 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 1.08 6.

KETTLE5 21 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0504 0.28

KETTLE5 21 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 5.544 30.8

KETTLE6 21 10000 PART-U 0.6698 3.7212

KETTLE6 21 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00003 0.0002

KETTLE6 21 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE6 21 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.00003 0.0001

KETTLE6 21 14310 LEAD-PB 0.036 0.2

KETTLE6 21 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0024

KETTLE6 21 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.7063 3.924

KETTLE6 21 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.4689 2.6048

KETTLE6 21 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE6 21 24030 PM10 ARSENIC AS 0 00001 0 0001 KETTLE6 21 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.00001 0.0001

KETTLE6 21 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE6 21 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0252 0.14

KETTLE6 21 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0017

KETTLE6 21 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4944 2.7468

KETTLE6 21 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.2119 1.1772

KETTLE6 21 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 3.9884 22.1575

KETTLE6 21 52420 BENZENE 0.0083 0.046

KETTLE6 21 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0052 0.0286

KETTLE6 21 52490 TOLUENE 0.0799 0.444

KETTLE6 21 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLE6 21 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0072 0.04

KETTLE6 21 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLE6 21 53390 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 0.0021 0.0114

KETTLE6 21 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.016 0.0888

KETTLE6 21 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0361 0.2004

KETTLE6 21 55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.0005 0.0029

KETTLE6 21 56600 HEXANE 0.0031 0.0172

KETTLE6 21 59999 VOC-TOTAL 4.1688 23.16

KETTLE6 21 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.0641 0.356

KETTLE6 21 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.8064 4.48

KETTLE6 21 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 1.08 6.

KETTLE6 21 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0504 0.28

KETTLE6 21 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 5.544 30.8

KETTLE7 21 10000 PART-U 0.6698 3.7212

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-9 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

KETTLE7 21 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00003 0.0002

KETTLE7 21 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE7 21 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.00003 0.0001

KETTLE7 21 14310 LEAD-PB 0.036 0.2

KETTLE7 21 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0024

KETTLE7 21 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.7063 3.924

KETTLE7 21 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.4689 2.6048

KETTLE7 21 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE7 21 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.00001 0.0001

KETTLE7 21 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLE7 21 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0252 0.14

KETTLE7 21 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0017

KETTLE7 21 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4944 2.7468

KETTLE7 21 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.2119 1.1772

KETTLE7 21 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 3.9884 22.1575

KETTLE7 21 52420 BENZENE 0.0083 0.046

KETTLE7 21 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0052 0.0286

KETTLE7 21 52490 TOLUENE 0.0799 0.444

KETTLE7 21 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLE7 21 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0072 0.04

KETTLE7 21 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLE7 21 53390 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 0.0021 0.0114

KETTLE7 21 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.016 0.0888

KETTLE7 21 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0 0361 0 2004 KETTLE7 21 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0361 0.2004

KETTLE7 21 55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.0005 0.0029

KETTLE7 21 56600 HEXANE 0.0031 0.0172

KETTLE7 21 59999 VOC-TOTAL 4.1688 23.16

KETTLE7 21 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.0641 0.356

KETTLE7 21 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.8064 4.48

KETTLE7 21 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 1.08 6.

KETTLE7 21 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0504 0.28

KETTLE7 21 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 5.544 30.8

KETTLEA 18 10000 PART-U 0.5625 3.1253

KETTLEA 18 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0008

KETTLEA 18 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0004

KETTLEA 18 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0006 0.0032

KETTLEA 18 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0324 0.18

KETTLEA 18 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0023

KETTLEA 18 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.5962 3.312

KETTLEA 18 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.3938 2.1877

KETTLEA 18 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0005

KETTLEA 18 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0003

KETTLEA 18 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0004 0.0023

KETTLEA 18 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0227 0.126

KETTLEA 18 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0016

KETTLEA 18 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4173 2.3184

KETTLEA 18 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.1788 0.9936

KETTLEA 18 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.6156 3.42

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-10 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

KETTLEA 18 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.6156 3.42

KETTLEA 18 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.0756 0.42

KETTLEA 18 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0216 0.12

KETTLEA 18 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.54 3.

KETTLEA 4 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 4 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 4 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

KETTLEA 5 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 5 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 5 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

KETTLEA 6 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 6 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 6 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

KETTLEA 7 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 7 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 7 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

KETTLEA 8 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 8 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLEA 8 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

KETTLEB 18 10000 PART-U 0.5625 3.1253

KETTLEB 18 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0008

KETTLEB 18 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0004

KETTLEB 18 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0006 0.0032

KETTLEB 18 14310 LEAD PB 0 0324 0 18 KETTLEB 18 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0324 0.18

KETTLEB 18 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0023

KETTLEB 18 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.5962 3.312

KETTLEB 18 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.3938 2.1877

KETTLEB 18 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0001 0.0005

KETTLEB 18 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0001 0.0003

KETTLEB 18 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0004 0.0023

KETTLEB 18 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0227 0.126

KETTLEB 18 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0016

KETTLEB 18 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4173 2.3184

KETTLEB 18 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.1788 0.9936

KETTLEB 18 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.6156 3.42

KETTLEB 18 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.6156 3.42

KETTLEB 18 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.0756 0.42

KETTLEB 18 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0216 0.12

KETTLEB 18 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.54 3.

KETTLEC 21 10000 PART-U 0.6698 3.7212

KETTLEC 21 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00003 0.0002

KETTLEC 21 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLEC 21 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.00003 0.0001

KETTLEC 21 14310 LEAD-PB 0.036 0.2

KETTLEC 21 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0024

KETTLEC 21 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.7063 3.924

KETTLEC 21 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.4689 2.6048

KETTLEC 21 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-11 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

KETTLEC 21 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.00001 0.0001

KETTLEC 21 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLEC 21 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0252 0.14

KETTLEC 21 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0017

KETTLEC 21 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4944 2.7468

KETTLEC 21 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.2119 1.1772

KETTLEC 21 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 3.9884 22.1575

KETTLEC 21 52420 BENZENE 0.0083 0.046

KETTLEC 21 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0052 0.0286

KETTLEC 21 52490 TOLUENE 0.0799 0.444

KETTLEC 21 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLEC 21 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0072 0.04

KETTLEC 21 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLEC 21 53390 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 0.0021 0.0114

KETTLEC 21 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.016 0.0888

KETTLEC 21 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0361 0.2004

KETTLEC 21 55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.0005 0.0029

KETTLEC 21 56600 HEXANE 0.0031 0.0172

KETTLEC 21 59999 VOC-TOTAL 4.1688 23.16

KETTLEC 21 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.0641 0.356

KETTLEC 21 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.8064 4.48

KETTLEC 21 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 1.08 6.

KETTLEC 21 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0504 0.28

KETTLEC 21 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 5 544 30 8 KETTLEC 21 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 5.544 30.8

KETTLED 21 10000 PART-U 0.6698 3.7212

KETTLED 21 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00003 0.0002

KETTLED 21 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLED 21 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.00003 0.0001

KETTLED 21 14310 LEAD-PB 0.036 0.2

KETTLED 21 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0024

KETTLED 21 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.7063 3.924

KETTLED 21 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.4689 2.6048

KETTLED 21 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLED 21 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.00001 0.0001

KETTLED 21 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLED 21 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0252 0.14

KETTLED 21 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0017

KETTLED 21 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4944 2.7468

KETTLED 21 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.2119 1.1772

KETTLED 21 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 3.9884 22.1575

KETTLED 21 52420 BENZENE 0.0083 0.046

KETTLED 21 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0052 0.0286

KETTLED 21 52490 TOLUENE 0.0799 0.444

KETTLED 21 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLED 21 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0072 0.04

KETTLED 21 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLED 21 53390 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 0.0021 0.0114

KETTLED 21 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.016 0.0888

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arch 2010 1-12 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

KETTLED 21 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0361 0.2004

KETTLED 21 55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.0005 0.0029

KETTLED 21 56600 HEXANE 0.0031 0.0172

KETTLED 21 59999 VOC-TOTAL 4.1688 23.16

KETTLED 21 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.0641 0.356

KETTLED 21 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.8064 4.48

KETTLED 21 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 1.08 6.

KETTLED 21 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0504 0.28

KETTLED 21 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 5.544 30.8

KETTLEE 21 10000 PART-U 0.6698 3.7212

KETTLEE 21 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00003 0.0002

KETTLEE 21 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLEE 21 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.00003 0.0001

KETTLEE 21 14310 LEAD-PB 0.036 0.2

KETTLEE 21 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0004 0.0024

KETTLEE 21 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.7063 3.924

KETTLEE 21 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.4689 2.6048

KETTLEE 21 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLEE 21 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.00001 0.0001

KETTLEE 21 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.00002 0.0001

KETTLEE 21 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0252 0.14

KETTLEE 21 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0003 0.0017

KETTLEE 21 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4944 2.7468

KETTLEE 21 39999 TOTAL PM2 5 PARTICULATE 0 2119 1 1772 KETTLEE 21 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.2119 1.1772

KETTLEE 21 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 3.9884 22.1575

KETTLEE 21 52420 BENZENE 0.0083 0.046

KETTLEE 21 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0052 0.0286

KETTLEE 21 52490 TOLUENE 0.0799 0.444

KETTLEE 21 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLEE 21 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0072 0.04

KETTLEE 21 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0111 0.0616

KETTLEE 21 53390 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE 0.0021 0.0114

KETTLEE 21 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.016 0.0888

KETTLEE 21 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0361 0.2004

KETTLEE 21 55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.0005 0.0029

KETTLEE 21 56600 HEXANE 0.0031 0.0172

KETTLEE 21 59999 VOC-TOTAL 4.1688 23.16

KETTLEE 21 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.0641 0.356

KETTLEE 21 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.8064 4.48

KETTLEE 21 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 1.08 6.

KETTLEE 21 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 0.0504 0.28

KETTLEE 21 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 5.544 30.8

KETTLESA 22 10000 PART-U -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 14020 ANTIMONY-SB -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 14030 ARSENIC - AS -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 14110 CADMIUM-CD -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 14310 LEAD-PB -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

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arch 2010 1-13 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

KETTLESA 22 20000 PM10 PART-U -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE -0- -0-

KETTLESA 22 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE -0- -0-

L39 39 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

L39 39 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

L39 39 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

MATLHNDFUG 53 10000 PART-U 0.0391 0.2146

MATLHNDFUG 53 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0391 0.2146

MATLHNDFUG 53 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0781 0.4293

MATLHNDFUG 53 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0379 0.2085

MATLHNDFUG 53 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0379 0.2085

MATLHNDFUG 53 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0112 0.0613

MATLHNDFUG 53 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

NOXIDEHM 15 10000 PART-U 0.0318 1.9128

NOXIDEHM 15 14310 LEAD PB 0 001 0 0624 NOXIDEHM 15 14310 LEAD-PB 0.001 0.0624

NOXIDEHM 15 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0328 1.9752

NOXIDEHM 15 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0222 1.339

NOXIDEHM 15 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0007 0.0437

NOXIDEHM 15 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.023 1.3826

NOXIDEHM 15 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0098 0.5926

NOXIDEHM 15 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

OXIDCLEAN 26 10000 PART-U 0.0225 0.4176

OXIDCLEAN 26 14310 LEAD-PB 0.001 0.0192

OXIDCLEAN 26 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0236 0.4368

OXIDCLEAN 26 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0165 0.3058

OXIDCLEAN 26 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0165 0.3058

OXIDCLEAN 26 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0071 0.131

OXIDCLEAN 26 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

OXIDEBUILD 14 10000 PART-U 0.0912 1.6896

OXIDEBUILD 14 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0071 0.132

OXIDEBUILD 14 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0983 1.8216

OXIDEBUILD 14 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0688 1.2751

OXIDEBUILD 14 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0688 1.2751

OXIDEBUILD 14 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0295 0.5465

OXIDEBUILD 14 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

OXIDEFUG 1 46 10000 PART-U 0.0071 0.1368

OXIDEFUG 1 46 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0071 0.1368

OXIDEFUG 1 46 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.005 0.0958

OXIDEFUG 1 46 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.005 0.0958

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arch 2010 1-14 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

OXIDEFUG 1 46 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0021 0.041

OXIDEFUG 1 46 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.0052 0.099

OXIDEFUG 1 46 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0052 0.099

OXIDEFUG 1 46 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.0881 1.692

OXIDEFUG 1 46 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0006 0.0108

OXIDEFUG 1 46 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.0375 0.72

OXPRCOMB1 56 10000 PART-U 0.0114 0.228

OXPRCOMB1 56 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0114 0.228

OXPRCOMB1 56 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.008 0.1596

OXPRCOMB1 56 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.008 0.1596

OXPRCOMB1 56 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0034 0.0684

OXPRCOMB1 56 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.0083 0.165

OXPRCOMB1 56 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0083 0.165

OXPRCOMB1 56 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.1506 3.

OXPRCOMB1 56 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0009 0.018

OXPRCOMB1 56 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.1265 2.52

OXPRCOMB2 57 10000 PART-U 0.0114 0.228

OXPRCOMB2 57 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0114 0.228

OXPRCOMB2 57 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.008 0.1596

OXPRCOMB2 57 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.008 0.1596

OXPRCOMB2 57 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0034 0.0684

OXPRCOMB2 57 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.0083 0.165

OXPRCOMB2 57 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0083 0.165

OXPRCOMB2 57 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0 1506 3 OXPRCOMB2 57 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.1506 3.

OXPRCOMB2 57 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0009 0.018

OXPRCOMB2 57 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.1265 2.52

OXPRCOMB3 58 10000 PART-U 0.0114 0.228

OXPRCOMB3 58 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0114 0.228

OXPRCOMB3 58 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.008 0.1596

OXPRCOMB3 58 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.008 0.1596

OXPRCOMB3 58 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0034 0.0684

OXPRCOMB3 58 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.0083 0.165

OXPRCOMB3 58 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0083 0.165

OXPRCOMB3 58 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.1506 3.

OXPRCOMB3 58 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0009 0.018

OXPRCOMB3 58 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.1265 2.52

RAWMATBLDG 45 10000 PART-U 7.2576 40.32

RAWMATBLDG 45 14310 LEAD-PB 0.216 1.2

RAWMATBLDG 45 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 7.4736 41.52

RAWMATBLDG 45 20000 PM10 PART-U 5.0803 28.224

RAWMATBLDG 45 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.1512 0.84

RAWMATBLDG 45 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 5.2315 29.064

RAWMATBLDG 45 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 2.2421 12.456

RAWMATBLDG 45 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REACTOR 1 13 10000 PART-U 0.0183 0.5496

REACTOR 1 13 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0008 0.024

REACTOR 1 13 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0191 0.5736

REACTOR 1 13 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0133 0.4015

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arch 2010 1-15 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

REACTOR 1 13 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0133 0.4015

REACTOR 1 13 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0057 0.1721

REACTOR 1 13 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REACTOR 2 12 10000 PART-U 0.0072 0.216

REACTOR 2 12 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0053 0.1584

REACTOR 2 12 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0124 0.3744

REACTOR 2 12 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0087 0.2621

REACTOR 2 12 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0087 0.2621

REACTOR 2 12 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0037 0.1123

REACTOR 2 12 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REACTOR 3 11 10000 PART-U 0.0263 0.792

REACTOR 3 11 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0026 0.0768

REACTOR 3 11 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0289 0.8688

REACTOR 3 11 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0202 0.6082

REACTOR 3 11 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0202 0.6082

REACTOR 3 11 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0087 0.2606

REACTOR 3 11 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REACTOR 3 9 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

REACTOR 3 9 20000 PM10 PART-U -0- -0-

REACTOR 3 9 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

REACTOR 3 9 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REACTOR 4 16 10000 PART-U 0.0177 0.5328

REACTOR 4 16 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0013 0.0384

REACTOR 4 16 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0 019 0 5712 REACTOR 4 16 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.019 0.5712

REACTOR 4 16 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0133 0.3998

REACTOR 4 16 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0133 0.3998

REACTOR 4 16 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0057 0.1714

REACTOR 4 16 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REACTOR 5 24 10000 PART-U 0.0135 0.4056

REACTOR 5 24 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0006 0.0192

REACTOR 5 24 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0141 0.4248

REACTOR 5 24 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0099 0.2974

REACTOR 5 24 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0099 0.2974

REACTOR 5 24 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0042 0.1274

REACTOR 5 24 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REACTOR 6 25 10000 PART-U 0.0128 0.384

REACTOR 6 25 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0007 0.0216

REACTOR 6 25 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0135 0.4056

REACTOR 6 25 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0094 0.2839

REACTOR 6 25 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0094 0.2839

REACTOR 6 25 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.004 0.1217

REACTOR 6 25 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REAGTSILO1 49 10000 PART-U 0.1689 0.9257

REAGTSILO1 49 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.1689 0.9257

REAGTSILO1 49 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.1183 0.648

REAGTSILO1 49 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.1183 0.648

REAGTSILO1 49 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0507 0.2777

REAGTSILO1 49 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

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arch 2010 1-16 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

REAGTSILO2 50 10000 PART-U 0.1689 0.9257

REAGTSILO2 50 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.1689 0.9257

REAGTSILO2 50 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.1183 0.648

REAGTSILO2 50 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.1183 0.648

REAGTSILO2 50 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0507 0.2777

REAGTSILO2 50 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REFCASTFUG 36 10000 PART-U 0.0589 0.3236

REFCASTFUG 36 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

REFCASTFUG 36 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0001 0.0004

REFCASTFUG 36 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0261 0.1433

REFCASTFUG 36 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0851 0.4676

REFCASTFUG 36 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0412 0.2266

REFCASTFUG 36 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.00002 0.0001

REFCASTFUG 36 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.00004 0.0002

REFCASTFUG 36 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0183 0.1003

REFCASTFUG 36 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0596 0.3273

REFCASTFUG 36 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.017 0.0935

REFCASTFUG 36 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REVERB 38 10000 PART-U 8.8772 51.1652

REVERB 38 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0073 0.0419

REVERB 38 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0041 0.0235

REVERB 38 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0183 0.1056

REVERB 38 14310 LEAD-PB 0.1154 0.6654

REVERB 38 14590 SELENIUM SE 0 007 0 0402 38 14590 SELENIUM-SE 0.007 0.0402

REVERB 38 14601 SILICA OXIDE 0.0727 0.419

REVERB 38 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 9.1019 52.4608

REVERB 38 20000 PM10 PART-U 6.214 35.8156

REVERB 38 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0051 0.0293

REVERB 38 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0028 0.0164

REVERB 38 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0128 0.0739

REVERB 38 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0808 0.4658

REVERB 38 24595 PM10 SELENIUM & COMPOUNDS 0.0049 0.0282

REVERB 38 24601 PM10 SILICA OXIDE 0.0509 0.2933

REVERB 38 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 6.3714 36.7225

REVERB 38 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 2.7306 15.7382

REVERB 38 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.9692 5.586

REVERB 38 52420 BENZENE 0.1855 1.069

REVERB 38 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0157 0.0903

REVERB 38 52490 TOLUENE 0.1594 0.9185

REVERB 38 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0614 0.3538

REVERB 38 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0261 0.1506

REVERB 38 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0614 0.3538

REVERB 38 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.0261 0.1506

REVERB 38 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0522 0.3011

REVERB 38 56600 HEXANE 0.0104 0.0602

REVERB 38 59999 VOC-TOTAL 1.5674 9.034

REVERB 38 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.57 3.2851

REVERB 38 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 29.6904 171.126

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arch 2010 1-17 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

REVERB 38 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 418.7475 2,413.5304

REVERB 38 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 5.6124 32.348

REVERB 38 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 415.5488 2,395.0938

REVERBFUG 35 10000 PART-U 4.2016 24.7152

REVERBFUG 35 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0103 0.0608

REVERBFUG 35 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0052 0.0304

REVERBFUG 35 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0207 0.1216

REVERBFUG 35 14310 LEAD-PB 0.2067 1.216

REVERBFUG 35 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 4.4445 26.144

REVERBFUG 35 20000 PM10 PART-U 2.9411 17.3006

REVERBFUG 35 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0072 0.0426

REVERBFUG 35 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0036 0.0213

REVERBFUG 35 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0145 0.0851

REVERBFUG 35 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.1447 0.8512

REVERBFUG 35 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 3.1111 18.3008

REVERBFUG 35 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 1.3333 7.8432

REVERBFUG 35 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

REVERBPFS 35 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

REVERBPFS 35 20000 PM10 PART-U -0- -0-

REVERBPFS 35 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

REVERBPFS 35 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

RMSBFUG47 47 14310 LEAD-PB -0- -0-

RMSBFUG47 47 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

RMSBFUG47 47 20000 PM10 PART U 0 0 RMSBFUG47 47 20000 PM10 PART-U -0- -0-

RMSBFUG47 47 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

RMSBFUG47 47 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

RMSBFUG47 47 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

SHREDDER 45 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE -0- -0-

SHREDDER 45 20000 PM10 PART-U -0- -0-

SHREDDER 45 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE -0- -0-

SHREDDER 45 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

SLAGCRUSH 39 10000 PART-U 0.6265 4.8154

SLAGCRUSH 39 14010 ALUMINUM - AL 0.0006 0.0053

SLAGCRUSH 39 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0017 0.0161

SLAGCRUSH 39 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.6288 4.8369

SLAGCRUSH 39 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.4402 3.3858

SLAGCRUSH 39 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.4402 3.3858

SLAGCRUSH 39 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.1886 1.4511

SLAGCRUSH 39 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

SLAGHNDFUG 52 10000 PART-U 0.0362 0.2127

SLAGHNDFUG 52 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0011 0.0063

SLAGHNDFUG 52 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0005 0.0032

SLAGHNDFUG 52 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0022 0.0127

SLAGHNDFUG 52 14310 LEAD-PB 0.007 0.0413

SLAGHNDFUG 52 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.047 0.2762

SLAGHNDFUG 52 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0253 0.1489

SLAGHNDFUG 52 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0008 0.0044

SLAGHNDFUG 52 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0004 0.0022

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arch 2010 1-18 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

SLAGHNDFUG 52 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0015 0.0089

SLAGHNDFUG 52 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0049 0.0289

SLAGHNDFUG 52 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0329 0.1933

SLAGHNDFUG 52 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0141 0.0829

SLAGHNDFUG 52 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

SLCOMB 54 10000 PART-U 0.0192 0.114

SLCOMB 54 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0192 0.114

SLCOMB 54 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0134 0.0798

SLCOMB 54 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0134 0.0798

SLCOMB 54 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0057 0.0342

SLCOMB 54 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 0.0139 0.0825

SLCOMB 54 59999 VOC-TOTAL 0.0139 0.0825

SLCOMB 54 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 0.252 1.5

SLCOMB 54 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 0.0015 0.009

SLCOMB 54 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 0.2117 1.26

SMELTCLEAN 23 10000 PART-U 0.2832 1.5734

SMELTCLEAN 23 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0019 0.0106

SMELTCLEAN 23 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.2851 1.584

SMELTCLEAN 23 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.1983 1.1014

SMELTCLEAN 23 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0013 0.0074

SMELTCLEAN 23 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.1996 1.1088

SMELTCLEAN 23 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0855 0.4752

SMELTCLEAN 23 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

SODBICSILO 51 10000 PART U 0 7509 4 1143 SODBICSILO 51 10000 PART-U 0.7509 4.1143

SODBICSILO 51 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.7509 4.1143

SODBICSILO 51 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.5256 2.88

SODBICSILO 51 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.5256 2.88

SODBICSILO 51 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.2253 1.2343

SODBICSILO 51 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

SOXIDEHM 17 10000 PART-U 0.0151 0.9072

SOXIDEHM 17 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0002 0.012

SOXIDEHM 17 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0153 0.9192

SOXIDEHM 17 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0107 0.6434

SOXIDEHM 17 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0107 0.6434

SOXIDEHM 17 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0046 0.2758

SOXIDEHM 17 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

SUPPVENT 37 10000 PART-U 20.8587 119.5342

SUPPVENT 37 14020 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0009 0.005

SUPPVENT 37 14030 ARSENIC - AS 0.0009 0.0049

SUPPVENT 37 14110 CADMIUM-CD 0.0042 0.0239

SUPPVENT 37 14310 LEAD-PB 0.0419 0.24

SUPPVENT 37 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 20.9065 119.808

SUPPVENT 37 20000 PM10 PART-U 14.6011 83.6739

SUPPVENT 37 24020 PM10 ANTIMONY-SB 0.0006 0.0035

SUPPVENT 37 24030 PM10 ARSENIC - AS 0.0006 0.0034

SUPPVENT 37 24110 PM10 CADMIUM-CD 0.0029 0.0167

SUPPVENT 37 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0293 0.168

SUPPVENT 37 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 14.6345 83.8656

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-19 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

SUPPVENT 37 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 6.2719 35.9424

SUPPVENT 37 50001 VOC-UNCLASSIFIED 22.1817 127.1158

SUPPVENT 37 52420 BENZENE 0.0549 0.3144

SUPPVENT 37 52450 ETHYL BENZENE 0.0289 0.1656

SUPPVENT 37 52480 STYRENE 0.1215 0.696

SUPPVENT 37 52490 TOLUENE 0.286 1.6392

SUPPVENT 37 52512 META-XYLENE 0.0563 0.3228

SUPPVENT 37 52514 ORTHO-XYLENE 0.0376 0.2153

SUPPVENT 37 52516 PARA-XYLENE 0.0563 0.3228

SUPPVENT 37 54065 METHYL ETHYL KETONE 0.0289 0.1656

SUPPVENT 37 54070 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 0.0376 0.2153

SUPPVENT 37 55150 1,3- BUTADIENE 0.1068 0.612

SUPPVENT 37 56600 HEXANE 0.0376 0.2153

SUPPVENT 37 59999 VOC-TOTAL 23.034 132.

SUPPVENT 37 70200 HYDROGEN CHLORIDE 0.4607 2.64

SUPPVENT 37 70400 NITROGEN OXIDES 1.047 6.

SUPPVENT 37 70510 SULFUR DIOXIDE 34.3416 196.8

SUPPVENT 37 70516 SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR) 5.4863 31.44

SUPPVENT 37 90300 CARBON MONOXIDE 14.2392 81.6

TRAFFIC41 41 10000 PART-U 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC41 41 14310 LEAD-PB 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC41 41 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.2143 1.1745

TRAFFIC41 41 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0536 0.2936

TRAFFIC41 41 24310 PM10 LEAD PB 0 0536 0 2936 TRAFFIC41 41 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0536 0.2936

TRAFFIC41 41 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC41 41 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0643 0.3524

TRAFFIC41 41 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

TRAFFIC42 42 10000 PART-U 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC42 42 14310 LEAD-PB 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC42 42 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.2143 1.1745

TRAFFIC42 42 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0536 0.2936

TRAFFIC42 42 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0536 0.2936

TRAFFIC42 42 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC42 42 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0643 0.3524

TRAFFIC42 42 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

TRAFFIC43 43 10000 PART-U 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC43 43 14310 LEAD-PB 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC43 43 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.2143 1.1745

TRAFFIC43 43 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0536 0.2936

TRAFFIC43 43 24310 PM10 LEAD-PB 0.0536 0.2936

TRAFFIC43 43 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.1072 0.5873

TRAFFIC43 43 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.0643 0.3524

TRAFFIC43 43 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

TRUCKLOAD1 27 14315 LEAD OXIDE 0.0001 0.0013

TRUCKLOAD1 27 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0001 0.0013

TRUCKLOAD1 27 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.00004 0.0006

TRUCKLOAD1 27 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.00004 0.0006

TRUCKLOAD1 27 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.00001 0.0002

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-20 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Table 4

Detailed Source Specific Emission Rate Summary

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

FIN EPN Contam Code Contaminant 2009

Emission

Rate

(tpy) Ozone Season

Emission Rate

(ppd)

TRUCKLOAD1 27 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

TRUCKLOAD2 28 14315 LEAD OXIDE 0.0002 0.0052

TRUCKLOAD2 28 19999 TOTAL PARTICULATE 0.0002 0.0052

TRUCKLOAD2 28 20000 PM10 PART-U 0.0001 0.0024

TRUCKLOAD2 28 29999 TOTAL PM10 PARTICULATE 0.0001 0.0024

TRUCKLOAD2 28 39999 TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE 0.00003 0.0008

TRUCKLOAD2 28 59999 VOC-TOTAL -0- -0-

Sage Environmental Consu lting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 1-21 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_30 2009 EI, Tbl 4Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 2-1 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## 2

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

The Frisco Battery Recycling facility is a lead-acid battery reclamation facility. Spent

automobile and industrial batteries are the primary source of lead to the operation, but Exide also

receives quantities of scrap lead and lead-contaminated wastes for lead recovery. The facility's

operations yield four products: soft lead, hard lead (alloys), lead oxide, and sodium sulfate.

Process flow diagrams for lead smelting/refining operations and for the lead oxide process are

provided in Appendix D (Figures 1 and 2).

2.1 Smelting and Refining Operations

Scrap batteries are delivered to Exide by trucks and stored in the battery storage area prior to

processing. The batteries received by Exide are broken in the battery breaker (EPN 48FUG) and

the component parts are separated by gravity in a water bath. Sulfuric acid emissions from the

Battery Breaker are controlled by a scrubber (EPN 48). The lead from the batteries is rinsed to

remove residual sulfuric acid before being stored in the raw material storage area (EPN 44) and

the raw material storage building along with othe r lead-bearing scraps. Emissions from the raw

material storage building are controlled by a ventilation system and dust collector (EPN 45).

Material to be fed to the reverberatory furnace is first mixed inside the raw material storage

building and then dried in a natural gas-fired dryer to remove moisture. Residual sulfuric acid is

also removed. The removal of moisture minimizes steam explosions in the furnace and the

removal of sulfuric acid reduces the amount of SO 2 generated in the reverberatory furnace.

Dryer flue gases are vented through a baghouse and a flushed de-mister before being emitted

through the soft lead baghouse stack (EPN 21).

Materials in both raw material storage facilities are transported by front-end loaders. The

material is taken from the storage areas and charged to either the blast furnace or the

reverberatory furnace via front-end loader as required. Stack gases from the blast furnace pass

initially through a low-NOx afterburner to completely burn CO or any other uncombusted

compounds present. Stack gases from each furnace then pass through cooling zones, primary

settling chambers ("A-pipes"), baghouses, and finally a common scrubber for sulfur dioxide

control prior to being emitted to the atmosphere (EPN 38).

Fugitive emissions from the reverberatory furnace, blast furnace, and the lead refining building

have been assigned their own EPNs (35, 10, and 36, respectively). Process fugitive emissions

from the blast furnace are routed to the hard lead, special alloy, and supplemental ventilation

baghouses (EPNs 18, 22, and 37). Process fugitive emissions from the reverberatory furnace are

routed to the special alloy and supplemental ventilation baghouses (EPNs 22 and 37).

Refining of the lead bullion is accomplished in several large natural gas fired kettles. The

bullion from the blast furnace is refined into hard lead, also called lead alloys. The bullion from 

## SECTIONSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 2-2 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) the reverberatory furnace is refined into soft lead, a portion of which feeds the lead oxide

process. The soft lead, hard lead, and special alloy refining areas all have dedicated vacuum

hooding with a baghouse to control lead fumes and other contaminant emissions (EPNs 18, 21,

and 22). Products of the natural gas combustion are vented to the atmosphere (EPNs 54 and 55).

Slag from the reverberatory furnace, drosses from both refining operations, and metals from

wastewater treatment become feed for the blast furnace. Slag from the blast furnace is taken by

front end loader to the slag treatment building where it is crushed, screened, and mixed with

cement, water, and a patented fixing agent to chemically fix the remaining lead content in a nonleachable form. The slag treatment operations have a dedicated ventilation system with a

baghouse, which maintains negative pressure on the entire building for particulate emissions

control (EPN 39).

2.2 Oxide Process

Much of the soft lead produced at the facility is further processed into lead oxide. Soft lead

ingots are initially melted in three melting pots and then reacted with air in six Barton Pot

reactors to form lead oxide. The lead oxide particles are removed in six settling chambers

controlled by baghouses. Emissions from the reactors and the settling chambers are from these

baghouse stacks (EPNs 11, 12, 13, 16, 24, and 25). The settling chambers feed two oxide

hammermills with separate baghouses (EPNs 15 and 17). The homogenized oxide particles then

feed storage hoppers and weigh hoppers before being shipped. Two covered screw-conveyors

load the oxide product into hopper trucks for shipment. Both conveyors have ventilators, and a

bag filter is installed on the hopper truck vent before oxide loading begins (EPN 26). The oxide

hygiene baghouse controls fugitive emissions from the oxide building including three melting

pots and from both truck loading stations (EPN 14). Emissions from the melting pots and the

oxide reactors natural gas burners are emitted to the atmosphere through their dedicated stacks

(EPNs 56, 57, and 58).

All smelting, refining, and oxide production facilities operate 24 hours a day, 5-7 days a week,

about 50 weeks a year (345 days/yr). The slag treatment facility operates 4 hours a day, 5 days a

week, 52 weeks a year.

2.3 Crystallization Process

The crystallization process is conducted in the area of the plant referred to as the crystallizer.

The focus of the operations in the crystallizer is to produce sodium sulfate (salt) as a byproduct.

The sodium sulfate is crystallized from the waste water generated by the recycling of lead acid

batteries. The waste water is provided from the upstream operations after metals removal. The

waste water is preheated by a heat exchanger and then sent to the vapor body. The vapor body

will concentrate the salt solution by recirculation to a heat exchanger via a compressor. This

process heats the solution and the higher concentration / denser salt solution is removed from the

vapor body, dried and stored for shipment. A boiler is used to indirectly heat the solution from

the vapor body that is in recirculation. This indirect heat stream (water) is then used to preheat

the waste water before it enters the vapor body. The use of a compressor on the recirculationSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 2-3 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) stream allows the boiler to operate at various firing rates ranging from idle to max (100%) in

automatic mode. The final outputs are Sodium Sulfate in dry powder form and condensed water

(condensate).Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 3-1 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## 3

EMISSION CALCULATION METHODOLOGY

The primary emission sources in the battery recycling operations are the Battery Breaker, Raw

Material Building, Reverberatory and Blast Furn aces, Soft Lead Refining Kettles, Hard Lead

Refining Kettles, Specialty Alloy Refining Kettles, Lead Ingot Casting Machine, Lead Oxide

Production Units and Slag Fixation Building.

Emission calculations for the primary point sources are based mostly on 1995 sampling analyses

plus adjustments for process variances. Lead emissions from six baghouses (EPNs 18, 21, 22,

37, 38, and 45) are estimated based on the latest (2009) stack test results. Lead emissions from

the Vacuum System Baghouse (EPN 23) are estimated based on the latest (2003) stack test

results. Lead emissions from the Slag Treatment Baghouse (EPN 39) are estimated based on the

1999 stack test results. Emissions from additional sources, including material handling fugitives,

process fugitives, and natural gas combustion are estimated using AP-42 emission factors.

Emissions from the silo filters (EPNs 49-51) are estimated based on the fan flowrates and

maximum exhaust stream grain loading.

3.1 Raw Material Storage

Fugitive emissions the outdoor, covered raw material storage area (EPN 44) were calculated

using OSHA sampling test results, an assumed air velocity from the areas of 25 ft/min, and the

area of each enclosure open to the atmosphere. Water sprays are used in the raw material storage

area to control particulate emissions (70% control efficiency). A dust collector was installed in

mid-1994 to control fugitives from the raw material storage building. Total particulate emissions

from this dust collector (EPN 45) are based on 1994 stack test results. Lead emissions from this

baghouse were re-tested in 2009. The 2009 lead concentration and the 2009 hours of operation

were used in the calculations. See Table A-1 for the input data and calculation results.

The Feed Dryer is also located inside the Raw Material Building, but vents sulfuric acid,

particulate matter, lead, and products of combustion emissions through a dedicated duct to the

Feed Dryer Baghouse and Feed Dryer Scrubber. The outlet from the Feed Dryer Scrubber

combines with the outlet from the Soft Lead Baghouse, and vents to the atmosphere from

EPN 21, Soft Lead Ventilation. The emissions from EPN 21 are discussed in Section 3.4.

3.2 Battery Breaker Operations

Emissions from the battery breaking operation are collected and vented to the Battery Breaker

water scrubber (EPN 48). The scrubber's atmospheric exhaust vent was tested for particulate

matter, lead and sulfuric acid mist emissions over multiple sampling runs in 1995. Emission

estimates for the scrubber are based on sampling results as shown in Table A-1. 

## SECTIONSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 3-2 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) The battery breaker operation also results in fugitive emissions of sulfuric acid and particulate

matter that escape capture by the vent hoods and are therefore not controlled by the scrubber.

Since the battery breaker water bath remains slightly acidic, sulfuric acid fugitive emissions

result as battery parts are removed on screens and transferred on screw conveyors. Fugitive

sulfuric acid mist emissions from the battery breaker operation are estimated based on ambient

concentrations from OSHA employee monitoring around the battery breaker in 1995. Fugitive

sulfuric acid emissions are calculated in Appendix B, page B-5 using the monitored

concentration, an estimated representative area, and the average wind speed. Slight emissions of

particulate matter can occur as light battery plastics are loaded into trucks for recycling. The

minor emissions of particulate matter from the open end of the plastic recycling truck, which

escape capture by the battery breaker scrubber, are expected to be below levels which necessitate

emission quantification. No emission factors for fugitive TSP and/or lead are currently

available.

3.3 Smelting Operations

The reverberatory and blast furnaces are the primary sources of emissions from the lead

recycling process. The exhaust gas streams from the reverb and blast furnaces each pass through

a separate, dedicated baghouses, and the streams combine prior to control in the metallurgical

scrubber, EPN 38.

The combined vent stack from the Metallurgical Scrubber was sampled in 1995 for all expected

emissions including particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, carbon

monoxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, sulf uric acid, silica oxide and numerous metals,

including lead. Numerous organic compounds were also sampled. Many of the compounds

were below the sampling detection limit.

VOC emissions from the metallurgical scrubber were re-tested in 1999. The test results were

presented to the TCEQ. VOC emissions calculated based on the 1999 test results were speciated

using ratios obtained during the 1995 test results as shown in Table A-2 and as discussed in the

following paragraph. Lead emissions from the metallurgical scrubber were re-tested in 2009.

The test results were presented to the TCEQ and used in the attached calculations.

Emissions estimates for all sampled organic compounds and inorganic matter from the

metallurgical scrubber are included in Tables A- 10 and A-11 in Appendix A. However, only ten

organic compounds and six inorganic matter are included in the resulting Table A-2 and in the

2009 EIQ. TCEQ requires that at least 90% of PM and VOC are to be speciated. As seen from

Tables A-10 and A-11, 93.58% of VOC emissions and 99.78% PM emissions are speciated. All

emissions are scaled based on the tons of metal produced in 2009 and hours of operation as

appropriate.

An additional point source associated with the furnace operations is the refining building

supplemental ventilation baghouse stack (EPN 37). Exide tested the emissions from this

baghouse in 1995 for most of the compounds sampled for the metallurgical scrubber (see above).

Methodology of 2009 emission calculations for the supplemental ventilation baghouse is similar

to the one described above for the metallurgical scrubber. Lead emissions were re-tested inSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 3-3 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 2009. The 2009 lead concentrations and the number of 2009 hours of operation were used in the

calculations. The results are shown in Table A-9 and, partially, in Table A-1.

Both the reverb and blast furnace are sources of fugitive emissions. Exide utilizes primary and

supplemental hooding to control both reverb and blast furnace fugitives. Based on the overall

design of the primary and supplemental hooding, a hooding collection efficiency of 98% is

applied to estimate furnace fugitive emissions. Emission factors from AP-42, 5th Edition, Table

12.11-4 are used to estimate uncontrolled furnace fugitives for particulate matter.

For furnace fugitive emissions of lead, the current AP-42 for Secondary Lead Processing (5 th

Edition Chapter 12.11) provides a lead emission factor range of 0.2 lb/ton to 0.6 lb/ton for

furnace fugitives. Therefore, Exide used the fact or to 0.4 lb/ton to reflect the average factor

provided in the current AP-42. Fugitive emissions of arsenic, antimony and cadmium are

similarly calculated based on sample concentrations and a concentration adjustment factor; the

calculated results are extremely minor. The fugitive emission estimates are shown in Appendix

A, Table A-3.

3.4 Refining and Casting Operations

The soft lead refining kettles emissions are vented to the soft lead baghouse. The outlet

emissions from the soft lead baghouse combine with the outlet emissions from the feed dryer

scrubber and vent to the atmosphere from EPN 21 (soft lead ventilation). The Hard Lead

Baghouse, EPN 18, includes emissions from Hard Lead Refining Kettles and their associated

drossing operation vents. The Specialty Alloy Baghouse, EPN 22, includes emissions from Hard

Lead Refining Kettle, the associated drossing operation vent, a small melting kettle and the

ventilated dross bins.

Emissions from the soft lead, hard lead, and special alloys baghouses were quantified in 1995

stack tests. The lead emissions from the EP Ns 18, 21, and 22 were re-tested in 2009. Emissions

are based on the stack test results and 2009 hours of operation. The atmospheric emissions from

EPNs 18, 21, and 22 include particulate matter, lead, products of combustion, volatile organic

compounds, trace metals and other trace compounds. Emissions from EPN 18 also include

sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Extensive sampling analysis has been performed on these

stacks to characterize emission rates of these compounds. The sampling results and 2009

emissions are detailed in Appendix A, Tables A-6 (EPN 18), A-7 (EPN 21), A-8 (EPN 22), A-10

(organic compounds), and A-11 (inorganic matter). The emissions are summarized in Table A1. Methodology of calculations is similar to the one described above for the metallurgical

scrubber.

There are six soft lead, four hard lead, and two special alloy refining kettles at the facility. Each

kettle is individually represented in this EI Q. Emissions from each emission point were

estimated based on the stack test results. Total emissions from each emission point were divided

on the number of sources vented to it to satisfy the EIQ requirements.

Fugitive emissions of particulate matter and lead occur from the refining kettles during drossing

operations. AP-42 5th Edition emission factors (Table 12.11-4) are used to estimateSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 3-4 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) uncontrolled refining and casting particulate matter emissions (EPN 36). Fugitive emissions of

lead, arsenic, antimony, and cadmium are based on the particulate matter emissions and the

concentrations sampled in the hard lead refining baghouse during the 1995 emissions test.

Although the drossing operations occur inside the smelting building which realistically would

capture a significant portion of the fugitives, no fugitive emission abatement is assumed. The

fugitive emission estimates are shown in Appendix A, Table A-3.

An additional point source associated with the kettles operations is the refining building central

vacuum stack. Exide uses a portable industrial vacuum cleaner to remove dust particles from the

floor of the building. The exhaust from the i ndustrial vacuum cleaner vents through a dedicated

baghouse (EPN 23). Emissions from the refining building central vacuum system are based on

the 1987 stack test for total suspended particulates and the 2003 stack tests for lead. Central

vacuum emissions for TSP and lead were increased by 10% since the housekeeping operations

are not a strong function of the facility throughput.

Each refining kettle is fired at the bottom of the kettle with natural gas to maintain the lead

product in molten form and enhance the refining process. The combustion emissions from all

kettles (soft lead, hard lead, etc.) are captured beneath the refining building and vented though a

dedicated stack (EPN 54 for soft lead, EPN 55 for hard lead and special alloys). Each kettle has

a dedicated burner with a design capacity of 1.0 MMBtu/hr. The AP-42, 5th Edition,

Supplement D (July 1998) emission factors from Tables 1.4-1 and 1.4-2 for natural gas

combustion for commercial boilers (< 100 MMBtu/hr) are used to estimate the combustion

emissions. The emission calculations for natu ral gas combustion from soft lead refining

(EPN 54) are included in Appendix B (page B-6). The emission calculations for natural gas

combustion from hard lead refining and hard a lloys (EPN 55) are found in Appendix B on Pages

B-7 and B-8). AP-42 also contains emission factors for several organic and inorganic HAPs

(Tables 1.4-3 and 1.4-4). Emission estimations from all combustion sources show extremely low

HAPs emission. Therefore, neither PM nor VOC emissions from these sources are speciated.

3.5 Slag Treatment Building

TSP emission estimations from the crushing/ screening baghouse (EPN 39) were based on 1994

measurements of PM concentration in the baghouse exhaust. Rates were scaled based on the

number of hours of operation (see Appendix B, page B-1). Emission estimations for aluminum

and lead from this source were based on 1993 and 1999 stack tests, respectively. Rates were

scaled based on the 2009 annual tons of the slag processed. The building has no fugitive

emissions due to the negative pressure generated by the crushing/screening baghouse system.

Smoke bomb testing supporting this assertion was conducted on March 18, 1994. The test

results were submitted to TCEQ. The calculation results are shown in Table A-1.

3.6 Oxide Process

Emissions from the six oxide reactor baghouses (EPNs 13, 12, 11, 16, 24, and 25), the two

hammermill baghouses (EPNs 15 and 17), the oxide building central vacuum system baghouse

(EPN 26), and the oxide hygiene baghouse (EPN 14) were estimated based on December 1995

stack tests. The tests results were reported to TCEQ and included in 1995 Emissions Inventory.Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 3-5 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) The measured rates were scaled based on 2009 annual lead oxide tons produced. In keeping

with the stack test results, the emissions from these sources are reported as TSP and lead only,

although the actual lead emissions are in the form of lead oxide particles. The oxide hygiene

baghouse system capture efficiency was estimated to be 99.5%. See Table A-1.

The melting pots and the oxide reactors burners combust natural gas. The products of

combustion from the burners are captured and vented through dedicated stacks (EPN 56 for the

melting pot #2 and the oxide reactors #3 and #4, EPN 57 for the melting pot #1 and the oxide

reactors #1 and #2, and EPN 58 for the melting pot #3 and the oxide reactors #5 and #6). Each

oxide reactor's burner has a design capacity of 1.5 MMBtu/hr. Each melting pot's burner has a

design capacity of 1.0 MMBtu/hr. The AP-42, 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998) emission

factors from Tables 1.4-1 and 1.4-2 for natural gas combustion for commercial boilers (< 100

MMBtu/hr) were used to estimate the combustion emissions. The emission calculations for

EPNs 56, 57, and 58 are found in Appendix B on pa ges B-3 and B-4. AP-42 also contains

emission factors for several organic and inor ganic HAPs (Tables 1.4-3 and 1.4-4). Emission

estimations from all combustion sources show extremely low HAPs emission. Therefore, neither

PM nor VOC emissions from these sources are speciated.

Three 0.25 MMBtu/hr natural gas-fired "trough heaters" combustion products are emitted inside

the building and release to the atmosphere as fugitive emissions. The oxide building fugitive

emissions (EPN 46) were estimated based on the AP-42, 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998)

emission factors from Tables 1.4-1 and 1.4-2 for natural gas combustion for residential furnaces

(<0.3 MMBtu/hr). The calculations are included in Appendix B, page B-9.

3.7 Truck Loading Operations

Truck loading emissions were calculated usi ng AP-42 5th Edition Section 13.2.4 formula (1) for

material drops into trucks. An emission f actor of 0.00537 lb/ton was developed for the drops

(detailed calculations are found in Appendix B, pa ge B-2). 100% of the auger emissions were

assumed to emit from the auger vent. The auger vent capture efficiency was estimated at 99.0%.

Thirty percent of the plant's annual lead oxide production was the basis for the west loading

rack's emissions (EPN 27) and seventy percent was the basis for the east rack's (EPN 28).

Twelve tons per hour was used as the maximum hourly loading rate for the west rack. Twentyfour tons per hour was used as the maximum hourly loading rate for the east rack. See Table A4 for the calculation results.

3.8 Other Sources

Vehicle traffic emissions are calculated in accord ance with TCEQ guidance from the Mechanical

Division for Rock Crushing Facilities. Vehicle traffic emissions result from raw material

deliveries in trucks, large and small front-end loader operations, and forklift operations. For

each vehicle operation, worst-case assumptions are used for the calculation parameters including

distance traveled, number of trips per day, and vehi cle weight. The control factor is based on a

combination of watering, wet sweeping and vacuuming, which equals a 94.5% annual control

factor. The emissions were divided into three primary traffic fugitive areas: west (EPN 41),Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 3-6 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) south (EPN 42), and east (EPN 43). For 2009, the emissions from each area were scaled based

on 2009 annual production.

There are three insignificant sources of emissions at the facility that were first reported to the

TCEQ in the 2003 EI. A diesel fuel storage tank (FIN: DIESELTK1) emissions were evaluated

using the U.S. EPA program TANKS 4.09b. Forms to document the new path were included in

2003 EIQ. Emissions from two degreasers (F INs: DEGREASER1 and DEGREASER2) were

bundled per the TCEQ EIQ instructions for insignificant sources. These emissions are reported

using the path FIN: D-1, EPN: D-1 in the TCEQ printout. The emissions were evaluated using

the degreasing solvent material balance.

3.9 Miscellaneous Natural Gas Combustion Sources

Emissions from the crystallizer boiler (EPN : CRYSTLBLR) were based on vendor provided

performance data, annual operating hours, and annual average heat duty. Emissions from all

other natural gas combustion sources listed on Table A-13 (EPNs FLASHDRYER,

PLASTDRYER, WATERHTR1, WATERHTR2, WATERHTR3, and WATERHTR4) are based

on AP-42 factors, annual operating data, and maximum heat duty.

3.10 EE and SMSS Emissions

The Frisco facility did not have any reportable upsets (emission events) or start-up, shutdown, or

regular maintenance (SSM) emissions that should be reportable in the emissions inventory per

the EIQ guidelines and TCEQ regulations in Year 2009.

There was one non-recordable emission event that occurred on December 10, 2009. On this day,

an electrical short caused loss of power at the dryer. When the dryer shut-off, the reverb furnace,

blast furnace including afterburner, soft lead baghouse and scrubber were shutoff. Power was

restored to the blast furnace without restarting the scrubber resulting in a non-reportable SO 2

emission event.Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P. 4-1 Exide Technologies – Frisco Ba ttery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## 4

ANCILLARY DATA

Process flow diagrams (Appendix D) of the sm elting/refining and the oxide processes were

prepared detailing the air emission controls and points. These diagrams were based on drawings

and information provided by Exide personnel.

A plot plan of site was prepared according to TCEQ requirements showing emission points. See

Appendix E.

Each field was calculated, determined or estimated from information supplied by Exide

Technologies. 

## SECTIONSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. Exide T echnologies – Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## APPENDIX A

EMISSION CALCULATION SPREADSHEETS

This appendix includes the following items in the following order:

• Table A-1 – Site Emissions Summary

• Table A-2 – Furnace Scrubber Emissions

• Table A-3 – Fugitive Emissions

• Table A-4 – Truck Loading Fugitive Emissions

• Table A-5 – Annual Process Rates

• Table A-6 – Hard Lead Baghouse Emissions

• Table A-7 – Soft Lead Baghouse Emissions

• Table A-8 – Special Alloys Baghouse Emissions

• Table A-9 – Supplemental Ventilation Baghouse Emissions

• Table A-10 – Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions Summary

• Table A-11 – Inorganic Particulates Emissions Summary

• Table A-12 – Storage Silo Vent Emissions

• Table A-13 – Miscellaneous Sources Natural Gas Combustion Emissions

• Table A-14 – Vehicle Traffic

• Table A-15 – Emission Event – December 10, 2009Table A-1Site Emissions Summary2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXPast Testing 2008Estimation Test Emissions Year's Annual Annual EmissionsEmission Point EPN Method Date Contaminant lbs/hr * Charge (tons) Charge (tons) Op Hrs. lbs/hr lbs/day tpyRefining OperationsBlast Furnace Fugitives 10 AP-42 PM-Total SEE TABLE A-3 0.4705 11.2923 1.9197Lead SEE TABLE A-3 0.0219 0.5252 0.0893Arsenic SEE TABLE A-3 0.0005 0.0131 0.0022Antimony SEE TABLE A-3 0.0011 0.0263 0.0045Cadmium SEE TABLE A-3 0.0022 0.0525 0.0089Part-U SEE TABLE A-3 0.4448 10.6752 1.8148Hard Lead Baghouse 18 Stack Test 1995 PM-Total0.552062,888 74,002 8,6400.5520 13.2480 2.38462009Lead0.0300 70,71474,002 8,6400.06570.7200 0.12961995 NOx0.0700 72,00074,002 8,6400.0700 1.6800 0.30241995 CO0.5000 72,00074,002 8,6400.5000 12.0000 2.16001995SO20.0200 72,00074,002 8,6400.0200 0.4800 0.08641995 VOC0.5700 72,00074,002 8,6400.5700 13.6800 2.4624PM-Unspeciated SEE TABLE A-6 0.5209 12.5011 2.2502Soft Lead Baghouse 21 Stack Test 1995 PM-Total0.981062,888 74,002 8,6400.9810 23.5440 4.23792009Lead0.0500 70,71474,002 8,6400.16781.2000 0.21601995 NOx1.1200 72,00074,002 8,6401.1200 26.8800 4.83841995 CO7.7000 72,00074,002 8,6407.7000 184.8000 33.26401995SO21.5000 72,00074,002 8,6401.5000 36.0000 6.48001995 VOC5.7900 72,00074,002 8,6405.7900 138.9600 25.01281995 HCl0.0890 72,00074,002 8,6400.0890 2.1360 0.38451995 Sulfuric Acid0.0700 72,00074,002 8,6400.0700 1.6800 0.3024PM-Unspeciated SEE TABLE A-7 0.9303 22.3272 4.0189VOC-Unspeciated SEE TABLE A-7 5.5394 132.9451 23.9301S i l All B h22St k T t1995PM T t l0 739062 88874 0028 6400 739017 73603 1925Special Alloys Baghouse 22 Stack Test 1995 PM-Total., 74,002 8,640. 17.7360 3.19252009Lead0.0100 70,71474,002 8,6400.01940.2400 0.04321995 NOx0.0700 72,00074,002 8,6400.0700 1.6800 0.30241995 CO0.6000 72,00074,002 8,6400.6000 14.4000 2.59201995SO20.1200 72,00074,002 8,6400.1200 2.8800 0.51841995 VOC0.2850 72,00074,002 8,6400.2850 6.8400 1.2312PM-Unspeciated SEE TABLE A-8 0.7285 17.4844 3.1472Smelter Central Vacuum Baghouse 23 Stack Test 1987 TSP0.0600 37,171N/A**8,6400.0660 1.5840 0.28512003Lead0.0004 70,212N/A**8,6400.00270.0106 0.0019Part-U0.0633 1.5734 0.2832Reverberatory Furnace Fugitives 35 AP-42 PM-Total SEE TABLE A-3 1.0893 26.1440 4.4445Lead SEE TABLE A-3 0.0507 1.2160 0.2067Arsenic SEE TABLE A-3 0.0013 0.0304 0.0052Antimony SEE TABLE A-3 0.0025 0.0608 0.0103Cadmium SEE TABLE A-3 0.0051 0.1216 0.0207Part-U SEE TABLE A-3 1.0298 24.7152 4.2016Casting Area Fugitives 36 AP-42, Test PM-Total SEE TABLE A-3 0.0169 0.4676 0.0851Lead SEE TABLE A-3 0.0051 0.1433 0.0261Arsenic SEE TABLE A-3 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000Antimony SEE TABLE A-3 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000Cadmium SEE TABLE A-3 0.0000 0.0004 0.0001Part-U SEE TABLE A-3 0.0118 0.3236 0.0589Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 4Exide Technologies - FriscoBattery RecyclingFacility2010_03_30 2009 EI, A-1Table A-1Site Emissions Summary2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXPast Testing 2008Estimation Test Emissions Year's Annual Annual EmissionsEmission Point EPN Method Date Contaminant lbs/hr * Charge (tons) Charge (tons) Op Hrs. lbs/hr lbs/day tpySupplemental Ventilation Baghouse 37 Stack Test 1995 PM-Total4.992062,888 74,002 8,3764.9920 119.8080 20.90652009Lead0.0100 70,71474,002 8,3760.04700.2400 0.04191995 NOx0.250062,888 74,002 8,3760.2500 6.0000 1.04701995 CO3.400062,888 74,002 8,3763.4000 81.6000 14.23921995SO28.200062,888 74,002 8,3768.2000 196.8000 34.34161995 VOC5.500062,888 74,002 8,3765.5000 132.0000 23.03401995 HCl0.110062,888 74,002 8,3760.1100 2.6400 0.46071995 Sulfuric Acid1.310062,888 74,002 8,3761.3100 31.4400 5.4863PM-Unspeciated SEE TABLE A-9 4.9806 119.5342 20.8587Metallurgical Scrubber 38 Stack Test 1995 PM-Total SEE TABLE A-2 3.1300 75.1200 13.03332009Lead SEE TABLE A-20.19000.9528 0.16531995 Antimony SEE TABLE A-2 0.0025 0.0600 0.01041995 Arsenic SEE TABLE A-2 0.0014 0.0336 0.00581995 NOx SEE TABLE A-2 10.2100 245.0400 42.51441995 CO SEE TABLE A-2 142.9000 3429.6000 595.03561995SO2SEE TABLE A-2 144.0000 3456.0000 599.61601999VOC SEE TABLE A-2 0.5390 12.9360 2.24441995 HCl SEE TABLE A-2 0.1960 4.7040 0.81611995 Sulfuric Acid SEE TABLE A-2 1.9300 46.3200 8.0365PM-Unspeciated SEE TABLE A-2 3.0519 73.2449 12.7080Slag Crush and Screen Baghouse 39 Stack Test 1993 Aluminum0.00129,283 10,795 1,0400.0013 0.0053 0.00061999Lead0.0033 8,72910,795 1,0400.00600.0161 0.0017TSP SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-1 1.2092 4.8369 0.6288PM-Unspeciated1.2019 4.8154 0.6265Covered Material Storage Area 44 OSHA Sampling Lead (TSP)0.0082Control Eff: 70%***8,7360.0024 0.0587 0.0107R M t i l St Bld B h45St k T t1994PM T t l1 730072 00074 0028 6401 730041 52007 4736RawMaterialStorageBldg.BaghouseStackTestPM-Total.,,,.41.5200.2009Lead0.0500 70,71474,002 8,6400.25011.2000 0.2160PM-Unspeciated1.4799 40.3200 7.2576Raw Material Storage Bldg. Fugitives 47**** OSHA Sampling Lead (TSP)0.01158,7360.0000 0.0000 0.0000Battery Breaker Scrubber 48 Stack Test 1995 PM-Total0.5200 72,00074,002 3,9000.5200 12.4800 1.01401995 Lead0.0150 72,00074,002 3,9000.0150 0.3600 0.02931995H2SO40.0150 72,00074,002 3,9000.0150 0.3600 0.0293PM-Unspeciated0.5050 12.1200 0.9848Battery Breaker Fugitives 48FUG Sampling Test 1995H2SO4SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-5 0.0337 0.6066 0.0657Slag Handling Fugitives 52 AP-42 PM-Total SEE TABLE A-3 0.0115 0.2762 0.0470Lead SEE TABLE A-3 0.0017 0.0413 0.0070Arsenic SEE TABLE A-3 0.0001 0.0032 0.0005Antimony SEE TABLE A-3 0.0003 0.0063 0.0011Cadmium SEE TABLE A-3 0.0005 0.0127 0.0022Part-U SEE TABLE A-3 0.0089 0.2127 0.0362Material Handling Fugitives 53 AP-42 PM-Total SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-1044,644 8,7360.0179 0.4293 0.0781PM-100.0087 0.2085 0.0379PM-2.50.0026 0.0613 0.0112Lead0.0089 0.2146 0.0391Soft Lead Kettle Heating Stack 54 AP-42 VOC SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-60.02750.0825 0.0139NOx SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-60.50001.5000 0.2520CO SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-60.42001.2600 0.2117SO2SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-60.00300.0090 0.0015PM-Total SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-60.03800.1140 0.0192Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 2 of 4Exide Technologies - FriscoBattery RecyclingFacility2010_03_30 2009 EI, A-1Table A-1Site Emissions Summary2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXPast Testing 2008Estimation Test Emissions Year's Annual Annual EmissionsEmission Point EPN Method Date Contaminant lbs/hr * Charge (tons) Charge (tons) Op Hrs. lbs/hr lbs/day tpyHard Lead & Sp. Alloy Kettle Heating Stack 55 AP-42 VOC SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-7, B-80.03300.1993 0.0349NOx SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-7, B-80.60003.6240 0.6354CO SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-7, B-80.50403.0442 0.5337SO2SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-7, B-80.00360.0217 0.0038PM-Total SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-7, B-80.04560.2754 0.0483Oxide ProcessOxide Reactor 3 Baghouse 11 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.00328,192 1,755 1,5950.0032 0.0768 0.00261995 TSP0.03628,192 1,755 1,5950.0362 0.8688 0.0289Part-U0.0330 0.7920 0.0263Oxide Reactor 2 Baghouse 12 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.00668,192 1,755 1,5950.0066 0.1584 0.00531995 TSP0.01568,192 1,755 1,5950.0156 0.3744 0.0124Part-U0.0090 0.2160 0.0072Oxide Reactor 1 Baghouse 13 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.00108,192 1,755 1,5950.0010 0.0240 0.00081995 TSP0.02398,192 1,755 1,5950.0239 0.5736 0.0191Part-U0.0229 0.5496 0.0183Oxide Hygiene Baghouse 14 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.005549,150 10,528 2,5900.0055 0.1320 0.00711995 TSP0.075949,150 10,528 2,5900.0759 1.8216 0.0983Part-U0.0704 1.6896 0.0912North Oxide Hammermill Baghouse 15 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.002624,575 5,264 7970.0026 0.0624 0.00101995 TSP0.082324,575 5,264 7970.0823 1.9752 0.0328Part-U0.0797 1.9128 0.0318Oxide Reactor 4 Baghouse 16 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.00168,192 1,755 1,5950.0016 0.0384 0.00131995 TSP0.02388,192 1,755 1,5950.0238 0.5712 0.0190Part-U0.0222 0.5328 0.0177South Oxide Hammermill Baghouse17Stack Test1995Lead0 000524 5755 2647980 00050 01200 0002SouthOxideHammermillBaghouseStackTest.,,...1995 TSP0.038324,575 5,264 7980.0383 0.9192 0.0153Part-U0.0378 0.9072 0.0151Oxide Reactor 5 Baghouse 24 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.00088,192 1,755 1,5950.0008 0.0192 0.00061995 TSP0.01778,192 1,755 1,5950.0177 0.4248 0.0141Part-U0.0169 0.4056 0.0135Oxide Reactor 6 Baghouse 25 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.00098,192 1,755 1,5950.0009 0.0216 0.00071995 TSP0.01698,192 1,755 1,5950.0169 0.4056 0.0135Part-U0.0160 0.3840 0.0128Oxide Central Vacuum Baghouse 26 Stack Test 1995 Lead0.000849,150 10,528 2,5900.0008 0.0192 0.00101995 TSP0.018249,150 10,528 2,5900.0182 0.4368 0.0236Part-U0.0174 0.4176 0.0225West Truck Loading Fugitives 27 AP-42 PM-Total SEE TABLE A-4 0.0006 0.0013 0.0001PM-10 SEE TABLE A-4 0.0003 0.0006 0.0000PM-2.5 SEE TABLE A-4 0.0001 0.0002 0.0000Lead Oxide SEE TABLE A-4 0.0006 0.0013 0.0001East Truck Loading Fugitives 28 AP-42 PM-Total SEE TABLE A-4 0.0013 0.0052 0.0002PM-10 SEE TABLE A-4 0.0006 0.0024 0.0001PM-2.5 SEE TABLE A-4 0.0002 0.0008 0.0000Lead Oxide SEE TABLE A-4 0.0013 0.0052 0.0002Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 3 of 4Exide Technologies - FriscoBattery RecyclingFacility2010_03_30 2009 EI, A-1Table A-1Site Emissions Summary2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXPast Testing 2008Estimation Test Emissions Year's Annual Annual EmissionsEmission Point EPN Method Date Contaminant lbs/hr * Charge (tons) Charge (tons) Op Hrs. lbs/hr lbs/day tpyOxide Building Fugitives 46 AP-42 TSP SEE TABLE A-3 & APP. B, PAGE B-9 0.0057 0.1368 0.0071SO2SEE TABLE A-3 & APP. B, PAGE B-9 0.0005 0.0108 0.0006NOx SEE TABLE A-3 & APP. B, PAGE B-9 0.0705 1.6920 0.0881CO SEE TABLE A-3 & APP. B, PAGE B-9 0.0300 0.7200 0.0375VOC SEE TABLE A-3 & APP. B, PAGE B-9 0.0041 0.0990 0.0052Oxide Process Combustion Sources 1 56 AP-42 TSP SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0304 0.2280 0.0114SO2SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0024 0.0180 0.0009NOx SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.4000 3.0000 0.1506CO SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.3360 2.5200 0.1265VOC SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0220 0.1650 0.0083Oxide Process Combustion Sources 2 57 AP-42 TSP SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0304 0.2280 0.0114SO2SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0024 0.0180 0.0009NOx SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.4000 3.0000 0.1506CO SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.3360 2.5200 0.1265VOC SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0220 0.1650 0.0083Oxide Process Combustion Sources 3 58 AP-42 TSP SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0304 0.2280 0.0114SO2SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0024 0.0180 0.0009NOx SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.4000 3.0000 0.1506CO SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.3360 2.5200 0.1265VOC SEE APPENDIX B, PAGES B-3 & B-40.0220 0.1650 0.0083Other SourcesDiesel Tank DT TANKS4 VOC SEE APPENDIX B, TANKS4 CALCS 0.00300.0714 0.0086Gasoline Tank GASTANK1 TANKS4 VOC SEE APPENDIX B, TANKS4 CALCS 0.00110.0266 0.0039Degreasers D-1 Mat. Balance VOC0.0000 0.00000.0000gReagent Silo #1 Baghouse 49 Fan capacity TSP SEE TABLE A-12 0.0386 0.9257 0.1689Reagent Silo #2 Baghouse 50 and filter grain TSP SEE TABLE A-12 0.0386 0.9257 0.1689Sodium Bicarbonate Storage Silo Filter 51 loading TSP SEE TABLE A-12 0.1714 4.1143 0.7509Crystallizer Boiler CRYSTLBLR VendorSO2SEE TABLE A-13 0.0042 0.1004 0.0090NOx SEE TABLE A-13 0.4938 11.8502 1.0665CO SEE TABLE A-13 0.6277 15.0638 1.3557VOC SEE TABLE A-13 0.0670 1.6068 0.1446PM10 SEE TABLE A-13 0.0418 1.0043 0.0904Crystallizer Flash Dryer FLASHDRYER AP-42SO2SEE TABLE A-13 0.0016 0.0381 0.0069NOx SEE TABLE A-13 0.2646 6.3504 1.1431CO SEE TABLE A-13 0.2214 5.3136 0.9564VOC SEE TABLE A-13 0.0135 0.3240 0.0583PM10 SEE TABLE A-13 0.0189 0.4536 0.0816* Past years' stack testing emissions from respective reports. Emissions were determined for maximum potential production of72,000 tons of lead per year.** Vacuum system emissions are not directly related to production. A 10% increase inemissions since stack test(s) is assumed.*** Water sprays in place as control. OSHA testing was performed prior to the installation of this control.  Any emissions that may occur from this source are below levels that necessitate quantification. The TCEQ only requires reporting of lead emissions that exceed 0.001 tpy.Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 4 of 4Exide Technologies - FriscoBattery RecyclingFacility2010_03_30 2009 EI, A-1Table A-2Furnace Scrubber Emissions2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXEPN 38Stack AnnualContaminant Test Emissions Op. Hrs. (tpy) (lbs/day) (tpy) (lbs/day) (tpy) (lbs/day)(lbs/hr)Total Particulates 3.13 8,328 3.9314 22.6592 9.1019 52.4608 13.0333 75.1200NOx 10.21 8,328 12.8241 73.9140 29.6904 171.1260 42.5144 245.0400CO 142.90 8,328 179.4868 1034.5062 415.5488 2395.0938 595.0356 3429.6000SO2144.00 8,328 180.8685 1042.4696 418.7475 2413.5304 599.6160 3456.0000VOC 0.54 8,328 0.6770 3.9020 1.5674 9.0340 2.2444 12.9360HCl 0.20 8,328 0.2462 1.4189 0.5700 3.2851 0.8161 4.7040H2SO41.93 8,328 2.4241 13.9720 5.6124 32.3480 8.0365 46.3200Pb0.03978,328 0.0499 0.2874 0.1154 0.66540.1653 0.9528Sb 0.0025 8,328 0.0031 0.0181 0.0073 0.0419 0.0104 0.0600As 0.0014 8,328 0.0018 0.0101 0.0041 0.0235 0.0058 0.0336Se 0.0024 8,328 0.0030 0.0174 0.0070 0.0402 0.0100 0.0576SiO20.0250 8,328 0.0314 0.1810 0.0727 0.4190 0.1041 0.6000Cd 0.0063 8,328 0.0079 0.0456 0.0183 0.1056 0.0262 0.1512PM-U 3.0519 8,328 3.8332 22.0936 8.8747 51.1513 12.7080 73.2449Blast Emissions Reverb Emissions Total Scrubber EmissionsSpeciated PM EmissionsSage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 1Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-2Toluene 5.48E-02 8,328 0.0688 0.3967 0.1594 0.9185 0.2282 1.3152m,p-Xylene 4.22E-02 8,328 0.0530 0.3057 0.1228 0.7077 0.1758 1.0133Benzene 6.38E-02 8,328 0.0801 0.4617 0.1855 1.0690 0.2656 1.53084-Methyl-2-Pentanone 1.80E-02 8,328 0.0226 0.1301 0.0522 0.3011 0.0748 0.43122-Butanone 8.98E-03 8,328 0.0113 0.0650 0.0261 0.1506 0.0374 0.2156o-Xylene 8.98E-03 8,328 0.0113 0.0650 0.0261 0.1506 0.0374 0.2156Ethylbenzene 5.39E-03 8,328 0.0068 0.0390 0.0157 0.0903 0.0224 0.1294n-Hexane 3.59E-03 8,328 0.0045 0.0260 0.0104 0.0602 0.0150 0.0862VOC-U 0.4186 2.4127 0.9692 5.5860 1.3878 7.9988Total 2009 tons lead processed: 74,002 Notes:Tons processed in blast furnace: 22,322 1 2009 Emissions are calculated as 1995 emissions scaledTons processed in reverb furnace: 51,680 based on the number of hours of operation.2 VOC emissions are speciated based on the 1999 stack test.3 Lead emissions are calculated based on the 2009 stack test.4 Only chemicals which significantly contribute to total PMand VOC emissions are presented (see Tables A-10 and A-11for full speciation).Speciated VOC EmissionsSage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 1Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-2Table A-3Fugitive Emissions2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXEmission 2009 Conventional SupplementalFactor Tons Control HoodingControlled EmissionsFugitive SourceEPN Contaminant lbs/ton Processed Efficiency Efficiency lbs/hr lbs/day tpyBlast Furnace10 TSP8.6 22,32298%0.4705 11.2923 1.9197Lead** 0.4 22,32298%0.0219 0.5252 0.0893As0.01 22,32298%0.0005 0.0131 0.0022Sb0.02 22,32298%0.0011 0.0263 0.0045Cd0.04 22,32298%0.0022 0.0525 0.0089Part-U0.4448 10.6752 1.8148West Truck Loading *27 PbOSEE TABLE A-40.0006 0.0013 0.0001East Truck Loading *28 PbOSEE TABLE A-40.0013 0.0052 0.0002Reverberatory Furnace35 TSP8.6 51,68098%1.0893 26.1440 4.4445Lead**0.4 51,68098%0.0507 1.2160 0.2067As0.01 51,68098%0.0013 0.0304 0.0052Sb0.02 51,68098%0.0025 0.0608 0.0103Cd0.04 51,68098%0.0051 0.1216 0.0207Part-U1.0298 24.7152 4.2016Slag Handling Fugitives52 TSP0.008710,7950.0115 0.2762 0.0470Lead0.001310,7950.0017 0.0413 0.0070As0.000110,7950.0001 0.0032 0.0005Sb0.000210,7950.0003 0.0063 0.0011Cd0.000410,7950.0005 0.0127 0.0022Part-U0.0089 0.2127 0.0362Refining36 TSP 0.002 74,0020.0169 0.4066 0.0740Lead6.00E-04 74,0020.0051 0.1220 0.0222As5.70E-07 74,0020.0000 0.0001 0.0000Sb5.70E-07 74,0020.0000 0.0001 0.0000Cd1.50E-06 74,0020.0000 0.0003 0.0001Part-U0.0118 0.2841 0.0517Casting36 TSP 0.002 74,00285%0.0025 0.0610 0.0111Lead7.00E-04 74,00285%0.0009 0.0213 0.0039As5.70E-07 74,00285%0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Sb5.70E-07 74,00285%0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Cd1.50E-06 74,00285%0.0000 0.0000 0.0000Part-U85%0.0016 0.0396 0.0072Oxide Building46 TSPSEE0.00570.1368 0.0071SO2ATTACHED0.00050.0108 0.0006NOxCALCULATION0.07051.6920 0.0881COSHEET0.03000.7200 0.0375VOC(APPENDIX B, PAGE B-9)0.00410.0990 0.0052Raw Material Storage Area44 LeadSEE TABLE A-10.0024 0.0587 0.0107Raw Material Storage Bldg47 LeadSEE TABLE A-10.0000 0.0000 0.0000Material Handling Fugitives53 PM-Total SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-100.0179 0.4293 0.0781PM-100.0087 0.2085 0.0379PM-2.50.0026 0.0613 0.0112Lead0.0089 0.2146 0.0391Battery Breaker48FUGH2SO4SEE APPENDIX B, PAGE B-50.03370.6066 0.0657* PbO emission factor calculated based on AP-42 for material handling drop points - see calculation sheet in Appendix B.** Lead emission factor based on the average factor provided in AP-42 Chapter 12.11 (5th Edition) Table 12.11-4.Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 1Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_30 2009 EI, A-3Table A-4

Truck Loading Fugitive Emissions

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Fugitive Fugitive

PbO Emission Hourly Daily

Loaded Factor ** Collection Emissions Emissions

Operation EPN Pollutant (tons/hr) (lbs/ton) Efficiency (lbs/hr) (lbs/day)*

East Truck 28 TSP 24 0.00537 99.0% 0.0013 0.0052

Loading Fugitives PM-10 0.00254 99.0% 0.0006 0.0024

PM-2.5 0.00080 99.0% 0.0002 0.0008

West Truck 27 TSP 12 0.00537 99.0% 0.0006 0.0013

Loading Fugitives PM-10 0.00254 99.0% 0.0003 0.0006

PM-2.5 0.00080 99.0% 0.0001 0.0002

Total Particulates (as Lead Oxide) 0.0019 0.0064

Total PM-10 0.0009 0.0030

Total PM-2.5 0.0003 0.0010

Fugitive Fugitive

PbO Emission Annual Annual

Loaded Factor ** Collection Emissions Emissions

Operation EPN Pollutant (tons/yr) (lbs/ton) Efficiency (lbs/yr) (tpy)

East Truck 28 TSP 7,370 0.00537 99.0% 0.3958 0.0002

Loading Fugitives PM-10 0.00254 99.0% 0.1872 0.0001

PM-2.5 0.00080 99.0% 0.0588 0.0000

West Truck 27 TSP 3,158 0.00537 99.0% 0.1696 0.0001

Loading Fugitives PM-10 0.00254 99.0% 0.0802 0.0000

PM-2.5 0.00080 99.0% 0.0252 0.0000

Total Particulates (as Lead Oxide) 0.5654 0.0003

Total PM-10 0.2674 0.0001

Total PM-2.5 0.0841 0.0000

* Based on 3-hour average operating day for the East truck loading and 4-hour day for the West truck loading.

** Emission factor calculations are shown in Appendix B, page B-2

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-4

### Table A-5

Annual Process Rates

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Year FY/C Y Oxide Oxide (as Pb) Smel t

1987 Calendar Year 32,512 30,179 37,171

1990 Financial Year 44,764 41,244

1990 Calendar Year 44,732 41,523 45,102

1991 Financial Year 44,700 48,959

1991 Calendar Year 45,832 42,544 49,959

1992 Financial Year 46,964 50,958

1992 Calendar Year 47,847 44,414 53,346

1993 Financial Year 48,730 55,734

1993 Calendar Year 48,613 45,125 56,018

1994 Financial Year 48,496 56,301

1994 Calendar Year 48,632 45,143 56,595

1995 Financial Year 47,516 59,038

1995 Calendar Year 49,150 45,624 62,888

1996 Calendar Year 51,689 47,980 64,856

1997 Calendar Year 49,276 45,741 67,967

1998 Calendar Year 48,502 45,022 68,414

1999 Calendar Year 47,502 44,094 68,414

2000 Calendar Year 46,807 43,449 71,996

2001 Calendar Year 40,269 37,380 69,867

2002 Calendar Year 31,860 29,574 64,420

2003 Calendar Year 27,364 25,401 70,212

2004 Calendar Year 25,324 23,507 67,993

2005 Calendar Year 29,869 27,726 66,755

2006 Calendar Year 15,717 14,589 67,942

2007 Calendar Year 18,848 17,496 67,985

2008 Calendar Year 18,005 16,713 70,714

2009 Calendar Year 10,528 9,773 74,002 Tons

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-5Table A-6

Hard Lead Baghouse Emissions

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

EPN 18

Stack Annual Total Baghouse Emissions Each of the 4 kettles

Contaminant Test Emissions Op. Hrs. tpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day

(lbs/hr)

Total Particulates 0.552 8,640 2.3846 13.2480 0.5962 3.3120

Pb 0.03000 8,640 0.1296 0.7200 0.0324 0.1800

Sb 1.30E-04 8,640 0.0006 0.0031 0.0001 0.0008

As 7.10E-05 8,640 0.0003 0.0017 0.0001 0.0004

Cd 5.40E-04 8,640 0.0023 0.0130 0.0006 0.0032

SiO2 3.80E-04 8,640 0.0016 0.0091 0.0004 0.0023

PM-U 0.5209 8,640 2.2502 12.5011 0.5625 3.1253

Notes:

2009 Emissions are calculated as 1995 emissions scaled based on 2009 annual hours of operation.

Lead emissions are calculated based on the 2009 stack test results. Speciated PM Emissions

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-6 Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-6Table A-7

Soft Lead Baghouse Emissions

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

EPN 21

Stack Annual Total Baghouse Emissions Each of the 6 kettles

Contaminant Test Emissions Op. Hrs. tpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day

(lbs/hr)

Total Particulates 0.981 8,640 4.2379 23.5440 0.7063 3.9240

NOx 1.120 8,640 4.8384 26.8800 0.8064 4.4800

CO 7.700 8,640 33.2640 184.8000 5.5440 30.8000

SO2 1.500 8,640 6.4800 36.0000 1.0800 6.0000

VOC 5.790 8,640 25.0128 138.9600 4.1688 23.1600

HCl 0.089 8,640 0.3845 2.1360 0.0641 0.3560

H2SO4 0.070 8,640 0.3024 1.6800 0.0504 0.2800

Pb 0.0500 8,640 0.2160 1.2000 0.0360 0.2000

Sb 4.05E-05 8,640 0.0002 0.0010 0.0000 0.0002

As 2.35E-05 8,640 0.0001 0.0006 0.0000 0.0001

Cd 3.65E-05 8,640 0.0002 0.0009 0.0000 0.0001

SiO2 6.00E-04 8,640 0.0026 0.0144 0.0004 0.0024

PM-U 0.9303 8,640 4.0189 22.3272 0.6698 3.7212

Benzene 1.15E-02 8,640 0.0497 0.2760 0.0083 0.0460

1,3-Butadiene 7.16E-04 8,640 0.0031 0.0172 0.0005 0.0029

Ethylbenzene 7.16E-03 8,640 0.0309 0.1717 0.0052 0.0286

n Hexane 4 29E 03 8 640 0 0185 0 1030 0 0031 0 0172 Speciated PM Emissions

Speciated VOC Emissions

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-7 n- H exane 4

. 29E

- 03 8

, 640 0

. 0185 0

. 1030 0

. 0031 0

. 0172

2-Butanone 2.22E-02 8,640 0.0959 0.5328 0.0160 0.0888

4-Methyl-2-Pentanone 5.01E-02 8,640 0.2164 1.2024 0.0361 0.2004

Tetrachloroethane 2.86E-03 8,640 0.0124 0.0686 0.0021 0.0114

Toluene 1.11E-01 8,640 0.4795 2.6640 0.0799 0.4440

m,p-Xylene 3.08E-02 8,640 0.1331 0.7392 0.0222 0.1232

o-Xylene 1.00E-02 8,640 0.0432 0.2400 0.0072 0.0400

Total 1.0827 6.0149 0.1804 1.0025

VOC - Unspeciated 23.9301 132.9451 3.9884 22.1575

Notes:

2009 Emissions are calculated as 1995 emissions scaled based on 2009 annual hours of operation

Lead emissions are calculated based on the 2009 stack test results.

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-7Table A-8

Special Alloys Baghouse Emissions

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

EPN 22

Stack Annual

Contaminant Test Emissions Op. Hrs. tpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day

(lbs/hr)

Total Particulates 0.7390 8,640 3.1925 17.7360 3.1925 17.7360

Pb 0.0100 8,640 0.0432 0.2400 0.0432 0.2400

Sb 1.30E-04 8,640 0.0006 0.0031 0.0006 0.0031

As 2.50E-05 8,640 0.0001 0.0006 0.0001 0.0006

Cd 3.30E-04 8,640 0.0014 0.0079 0.0014 0.0079

PM-U 0.7285 8,640 3.1472 17.4844 3.1472 17.4844

Note:

2009 Emissions are calculated as 1995 emissions scaled based on 2009 annual hours of operation

Lead emissions are calculated based on the 2009 stack test results.

Kettle FIN: KETTLESA did not operate in 2009. Speciated PM Emissions Total Baghouse Emissions FIN: KETTLE2

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-8 Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-8

### Table A-9

Supplemental Ventilation Baghouse Emissions

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

EPN 37

Stack Annual Total Baghouse Emissions

Contaminant Test Emissions Op. Hrs. tpy lbs/day

(lbs/hr)

Total Particulates 4.992 8,376 20.9065 119.8080

NOx 0.250 8,376 1.0470 6.0000

CO 3.400 8,376 14.2392 81.6000

SO2 8.200 8,376 34.3416 196.8000

VOC 5.500 8,376 23.0340 132.0000

HCl 0.110 8,376 0.4607 2.6400

H2SO4 1.310 8,376 5.4863 31.4400

Speciated PM Emissions

Pb 0.0100 8,376 0.0419 0.2400

Sb 2.10E-04 8,376 0.0009 0.0050

As 2.05E-04 8,376 0.0009 0.0049

Cd 9.95E-04 8,376 0.0042 0.0239

PM-U 4.9806 8,376 20.8587 119.5342

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-9 Speciated VOC Emissions

1,3-Butadiene 2.55E-02 8,376 0.1068 0.6120

2-Butanone 6.90E-03 8,376 0.0289 0.1656

2,3,7,8-TCDD/TCDF 8.98E-09 8,376 0.0000 0.0000

4-Methyl-2-Pentanone 8.97E-03 8,376 0.0376 0.2153

Benzene 1.31E-02 8,376 0.0549 0.3144

Ethylbenzene 6.90E-03 8,376 0.0289 0.1656

m,p-Xylene 2.69E-02 8,376 0.1127 0.6456

n-Hexane 8.97E-03 8,376 0.0376 0.2153

o-Xylene 8.97E-03 8,376 0.0376 0.2153

Styrene 2.90E-02 8,376 0.1215 0.6960

Toluene 6.83E-02 8,376 0.2860 1.6392

VOC-U 22.1817 127.1158

Note:

2009 Emissions are calculated as 1995 emissions scaled based on 2009 annual hours of operation.

Lead emissions are calculated based on the 2009 stack test results.

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-9Table A-10Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions Summary2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXSpeciated VOC Furnaces Scrubber Soft Lead Baghouse Supplem. Ventilation All % of total More thanEmissions EPN 38 EPN 21 EPN 37 sources VOC 2% oftpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day tpy total VOCToluene 0.2282 1.3152 0.4795 2.6640 0.2860 1.6392 0.9937 33.34 33.34m,p-Xylene 0.1758 1.0133 0.1331 0.7392 0.1127 0.6456 0.4215 14.14 14.14Benzene 0.2656 1.5308 0.0497 0.2760 0.0549 0.3144 0.3701 12.42 12.424-Methyl-2-Pentanone 0.0748 0.4312 0.2164 1.2024 0.0376 0.2153 0.3288 11.03 11.032-Butanone 0.0374 0.2156 0.0959 0.5328 0.0289 0.1656 0.1622 5.44 5.44Styrene0.1215 0.6960 0.1215 4.08 4.08o-Xylene 0.0374 0.2156 0.0432 0.2400 0.0376 0.2153 0.1182 3.97 3.971,3-Butadiene 0.0031 0.0172 0.1068 0.6120 0.1099 3.69 3.69Ethylbenzene 0.0224 0.1294 0.0309 0.1717 0.0289 0.1656 0.0823 2.76 2.76n-Hexane 0.0150 0.0862 0.0185 0.1030 0.0376 0.2153 0.0711 2.38 2.38Carbon Disulfide 0.0449 0.2587 0.0449 1.51Chloromethane 0.0449 0.2587 0.0449 1.51Naphthalene 0.0348 0.2007 0.0348 1.17Methylene Chloride 0.0150 0.0862 0.0150 0.503,4-Methylphenol 0.0145 0.0834 0.0145 0.49Phenol 0.0144 0.0828 0.0144 0.48Tetrachloroethane 0.0124 0.0686 0.0124 0.41Bromomethane 0.0075 0.0431 0.0075 0.25Formaldehyde 0.0028 0.0164 0.0028 0.10bis-(2-Ethylhexy)phthalate 0.0023 0.0132 0.0023 0.08di-n-Butylphthalate 0.0023 0.0130 0.0023 0.08Dibenzofuran 0.0019 0.0110 0.0019 0.062-Methylphenol 0.0016 0.0089 0.0016 0.05Acetaldehyde 0.0009 0.0050 0.0009 0.03Hexachlorobenzene 0.0007 0.0042 0.0007 0.02Chrysene 0.0003 0.0017 0.0003 0.012,3,7,8-TCDD/TCDF 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.00Benzo(a)anthracene 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.00Benzo(b)fluoranthene 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.00Benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.00Total1.0452 6.0244 1.0827 6.0149 0.8523 4.8842 2.9803 100.00 93.25Note: TCEQ EIQ requires at least 90% or >0.1 tpy speciation of VOC/HAP emissions.Only compounds contributing >2% are included in EIQ (total = 93.58%Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 1Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-10Table A-11Inorganic Particulates Emissions Summary2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXSpeciated VOCAll % of total More thanEmissionssources Spec. 0.5% oftpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day tpy lbs/day tpy PM Spec. PMPb 0.1653 0.9528 0.1296 0.7200 0.2160 1.2000 0.0432 0.2400 0.0419 0.2400 0.5960 77.21 77.21SiO2 0.1041 0.6000 0.0016 0.0091 0.0026 0.0144 0.1083 14.03 14.03Cd 0.0262 0.1512 0.0023 0.0130 0.0002 0.0009 0.0014 0.0079 0.0042 0.0239 0.0343 4.45 4.45Sb 0.0104 0.0600 0.0006 0.0031 0.0002 0.0010 0.0006 0.0031 0.0009 0.0050 0.0126 1.63 1.63Se 0.0100 0.05760.0100 1.29 1.29As 0.0058 0.0336 0.0003 0.0017 0.0001 0.0006 0.0001 0.0006 0.0009 0.0049 0.0072 0.93 0.93Zn 0.0025 0.01460.0025 0.33Hg 0.0009 0.00530.0009 0.12Total0.3253 1.8751 0.1344 0.7469 0.2190 1.2168 0.0453 0.2516 0.0478 0.2738 0.7719 100.00 99.55Note: TCEQ EIQ requires at least 90% or >0.1 tpy speciation of PM/HAP emissions.Only compounds contributing >0.5% are included in EIQ (total = 99.78%)Spec. Alloy BaghouseEPN 22Supplem. VentilationEPN 37EPN 38Furnaces Scrubber Hard Lead BaghouseEPN 18Soft Lead BaghouseEPN 21Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 1Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-11

### Table A-12

Storage Silo Vent Emissions

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Maximum

Fan Grain Hourly Daily Annual

Capacity Loading ** Emissions Emissions Emissions

Storage Silo EPN (scfm) (gr/scfm) (lb/hr) (lb/day) (tpy)*

Reagent Silo #1 49 450 0.01 0.0386 0.9257 0.1689

Reagent Silo #2 50 450 0.01 0.0386 0.9257 0.1689

Sodium Bicarbonate 51 1000 0.02 0.1714 4.1143 0.7509

Storage Silo

* Based on 8760 hours of operation

** Maximum grain loading is from the filter manufacturer's specifications

Example calculations:

450 (scfm) * 0.01 (gr/scfm) * 60 (min/hr) / 7,000 (lbs/grain) = 0.0386 (lb/hr)

0.0386 (lb/hr) * 24 (hrs/day) = 0.9257 (lb/day)

0.0386 (lb/hr) * 8,760 (hrs/yr) / 2,000 (lbs/ton) = 0.1689 (ton/yr)

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-12Annual EmissionsANNUAL TYPICAL GAS HEAT EMISSION FACTORS MAXIMUM ANNUAL EMISSIONSRATING HOURS VALUE (lb/MMBtu) (ton/yr)(MMBtu/hr) (hrs/yr) (Btu/scf) S02 NOx CO VOCPM102S02 NOx CO VOCPM102CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR Crystallizer Boiler 2.09 8,640 1,000 Vendor Data 0.001 0.118 0.150 0.016 0.010 0.0090 1.0665 1.3557 0.1446 0.0904 NFLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER Crystallizer Flash Dryer 2.70 8,640 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.0069 1.1431 0.9564 0.0583 0.0816 NPLASTDRYER PLASTDRYER Plastic Dryer 2.00 3,900 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.0023 0.3822 0.3198 0.0195 0.0273 YWATERHTR1 WATERHTR1Shower Water Heater 1 0.25 8,640 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.0006 0.1058 0.0886 0.0054 0.0076 YWATERHTR2 WATERHTR2Shower Water Heater 2 0.25 8,640 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.0006 0.1058 0.0886 0.0054 0.0076 YWATERHTR3 WATERHTR3Shower Water Heater 3 0.35 8,640 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.0009 0.1482 0.1240 0.0076 0.0106 YWATERHTR4 WATERHTR4Shower Water Heater 4 0.35 8,640 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.0009 0.1482 0.1240 0.0076 0.0106 YOzone EmissionsMAX GAS HEAT EMISSION FACTORS MAXIMUM HOURLY EMISSIONS OZONE EMISSIONSRATING VALUE (lb/MMBtu) (lb/hr) (lbs/day)(MMBtu/hr) (Btu/scf) S02 NOx CO VOCPM102S02 NOx CO VOCPM102S02 NOx CO VOCPM102CRYSTLBLR CRYSTLBLR Crystallizer Boiler 4.18 1,000 Vendor Data 0.001 0.118 0.150 0.016 0.010 0.004 0.494 0.628 0.067 0.042 0.1004 11.8502 15.06381.6068 1.0043FLASHDRYER FLASHDRYER Crystallizer Flash Dryer 2.70 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.002 0.265 0.221 0.014 0.019 0.0381 6.3504 5.3136 0.3240 0.4536PLASTDRYER PLASTDRYER Plastic Dryer 2.00 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.001 0.196 0.164 0.010 0.014 - - - - -WATERHTR1 WATERHTR1Shower Water Heater 1 0.50 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.000 0.049 0.041 0.003 0.004 - - - - -WATERHTR2 WATERHTR2Shower Water Heater 2 0.50 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.000 0.049 0.041 0.003 0.004 - - - - -WATERHTR3 WATERHTR3Shower Water Heater 3 0.70 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.000 0.069 0.057 0.004 0.005 - - - - -WATERHTR4 WATERHTR4Shower Water Heater 4 0.70 1,000AP-4210.001 0.098 0.082 0.005 0.007 0.000 0.069 0.057 0.004 0.005 - - - - -Notes: 1. Emission factors are from AP-42, 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998), Section 1.4.2. All particulates are assumed to be less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter.3. In accordance with TCEQ EI Guidance, sources are excluded from the EI if all of the sources' individual pollutants are lessthan 1 tpy, and the collective emission rates are less than 5 tpy.Annual Emissions Sample Calculation:(2.09 MMBtu/hr) * (8640 hr/yr) * (0.118 lb NOx/MMBtu) / (2000 lb/ton) = 1.067 ton NOx/yrDaily Ozone Emissions Sample Calculation:(4.18 MMBtu/hr) * (0..118 lb NOx/MMBtu) * (24 hrs/day) = 11.850 lbs NOx/dayEPN FIN DESCRIPTIONEMISSIONFACTORBASISEPNExcludedfrom EI?3FIN DESCRIPTIONEMISSIONFACTORBASISTable A-13Miscellaneous Sources - Natural Gas Combustion Emissions2009 Air Emissions InventoryExide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXSage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 1Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-13Table A-142009 Emissions InventoryVehicle Traffic (EPNs: 41, 42 and 43)Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TXParameters Full Empty Full Empty Full Empty Incoming Outgoing Total Total Per EPNSmall Small Large Large Forklifts Forklifts Trucks TrucksLoaders Loaders Loaders Loadersk = Particle Size Multiplier 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8SC= Silt Content of Road Surface 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10S= Average Vehicle Speed (mph) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5WT = Average Vehicle Weight (tons) 7 6 10 7 4 3 40 18w = Number of Wheels per Truck 4 4 4 4 4 4 18 18P= numbers of days at least 0.01 inches of rain per year 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 90.00CF = Control Factor20.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055 0.055AP = Annual Production Rate (tons/yr)********DT= Distance Traveled per Trip (feet) 40 40 150 150 150 150 1500 1500DT= Distance Traveled per Trip (miles) 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.28 0.28Number of trips per day1123 123 99 99 296 296 26 26TC= Average Truck Capacity per Trip (tons) * * * * * * * *WT1 = Average Weight Factor 1.810 1.625 2.323 1.810 1.223 1.000 6.130 3.505W1 = Wheel Factor 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.121 2.121Days per Year 365 365 365 365 365 365 365 365VMT = Vehicle Miles Traveled 341 341 1023 1023 3069 3069 2664 2664E 21 = annual TSP Emissions (ton/yr) 0.0060 0.0053 0.0229 0.0179 0.0362 0.0296 0.3341 0.1911 0.6430 0.2143E22 = annual PM10 emissions (ton/yr)30 00300 00270 01150 00890 01810 01480 16710 09550 32150 1072E22= annualPM10emissions(ton/yr)..........Annual Lead Emissions (ton/yr) 0.0030 0.0027 0.0115 0.0089 0.0181 0.0148 0.1671 0.0955 0.3215 0.1072Annual PM10 Lead Emissions (ton/yr)30.0015 0.0013 0.0057 0.0045 0.0091 0.0074 0.0835 0.0478 0.1608 0.0536Annual PM2.5 Emissions (ton/yr)40.0018 0.0016 0.0069 0.0054 0.0109 0.0089 0.1002 0.0573 0.1929 0.0643Daily TSP Emissions (lb/day) 0.0326 0.0293 0.1256 0.0978 0.1984 0.1622 1.8308 1.0469 3.5235 1.1745Daily PM10 emissions (lb/day)30.0163 0.0146 0.0628 0.0489 0.0992 0.0811 0.9154 0.5234 1.7618 0.5873Daily Lead Emissions (lb/day) 0.0163 0.0146 0.0628 0.0489 0.0992 0.0811 0.9154 0.5234 1.7618 0.5873Daily PM10 Lead Emissions (lb/day)30.0082 0.0073 0.0314 0.0245 0.0496 0.0405 0.4577 0.2617 0.8809 0.2936Daily PM2.5 Emissions (lb/day)40.0098 0.0088 0.0377 0.0294 0.0595 0.0487 0.5492 0.3141 1.0571 0.3524Notes:1 - Based on ratio of permit basis production rate and vehicle traffic trips/day.2 - Based on TCEQ Guidance for Rock Crushing Oeprations (watering, wet sweeping, and vacuuming).3 - PM10 is assumed to be 50% of TSP.4 - PM2.5 is assumed to be 30% of TSP.Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 1 of 2Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-14EquationsWT1= (WT/3)^0.7W1 = (w/4)^0.5WMT = (APxDT/TC)E21 = k x 5.9 x (SC/12) x (S/30) x WT1 x W1 x ((365-P)/365) X VMT X CF X (1 ton/2000lb)E22 = 0.5 x E21Actual Production (ton/yr) 74,002 74,002 74,002 74,002 74,002 74,002 74,002 74,002PTE Annual Production (ton/yr) 72,000 72,000 72,000 72,000 72,000 72,000 72,000 72,000PTE Basis Trips per Day 120 120 96 96 288 288 25 25Adjusted Trips per Day* 123 123 99 99 296 296 26 26* Adjusted trips per day is calculated by the ratio of the actual production to PTE production times the PTE basis trips per day.Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.March 2010Page 2 of 2Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-14Table A-15

2009 Emissions Inventory

Emission Event - December 10, 2009

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Cause

Corrective Action

Retrained all supervisors on the blast furnace startup procedures and associated checklist.

Emission Calculation

Throughput 1 11.4 tons

Emission Factor 35.5 lbs SO 2 /ton

SO 2 Emissions 404.7 lbs SO 2

SO 2 Emissions 0.2024 tons SO 2

Notes:

AP-42 Emission Factor Description

lb SO 2 /ton

18 Low End of Range

53 Recommended Factor

110 High End of Range

35.5 Average of Low and Recommended Emission Factor An electrical short caused loss of power at the dryer. When the dryer shut-off, the reverb furnace, blast furnace including

afterburner, soft lead baghouse and scrubber were shutoff. Power was restored to the blast furnace without restarting the

scrubber resulting in a non-reportable SO2 emission event. Inadequate training on standard blast furnace operating

procedures was determined to be the root cause. A blast furnace startup checklist exists and should be used for recovery

after a power failure. The shift supervisor was inadequately trained on this procedure.

During the determination of this emission factor range, coke typically contained an excess of 3% sulfur. Current coke

quality reports for Exide show a sulfur content off approximately 0.62%. Additionally, the blast furnace feed material is

lower in sulfur now since Exide no longer feeds batteries directly to blast. Therefore, the emission factor used in this

calculation is conservatively estimated as the average of the low end of the emission factor range and the AP-42

recommended factor. 2. Table 12.11-2 from AP-42 Chapter 12.11 for Secondary Lead Processing provides the following uncontrolled SO 2

emission factor range for a blast melting cupola. 1. On December 9, 2009 at 11:30 PM, the power went out due to the electrical short. At 1:30AM on December 10, 2009,

the blast was run without restarting the scrubber. During this time, 17 inches of lead tapped from kettle B was produced,

which e q uates to 11.39 tons of lead p roduction.

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, A-15Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P. Exide T echnologies – Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## APPENDIX B

SUPPORTING CALCULATIONS

This appendix includes the following items in the following order:

• Slag Crush And Screen Baghouse - EPN 39

• Lead Oxide Truck Loading Emission Factor Calculations - EPNs 27 And 28

• Oxide Process Combustion Sources Emissions - EPNs 56, 57, And 58

• Battery Breaker Fugitive Emissions Calculations - EPN 48FUG

• Soft Lead Refining Kettles - EPN 54

• Hard Lead And Special Alloy Refining Kettles - EPN 55

• Oxide Building Fugitive Emissions Calculations - EPN 46

• Material Handling Fugitives Emission Factor Calculations - EPN 53

• Diesel Tank Emission Calculation – EPN DT

### Table B-1

SLAG CRUSH AND SCREEN BAGHOUSE

EPN 39

TSP EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Measured velocity: V = 13,000 scfm

1994 Measured baghouse stack concentration: [PM] = 0.01 gr/scfm

2009 Annual operating hours: 1,040 hrs/yr

2009 Daily operating hours 4 hrs/day

2009/1994 Slag processing ratio: 10795 tpy / 9947 tpy = 1.0852

Hourly emissions:

13,000 scfm * 60 min/hr * 0.01 gr/scfm * 1.09 / 7,000 gr/lb = 1.2092 lbs/hr

Daily emissions:

1.2092 lbs/hr * 4 hrs/day = 4.8369 lbs/day

Annual emissions:

1.2092 lbs/hr * 1040 hrs/yr / 2,000 lbs/ton = 0.6288 tpy

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P1Table B-2

LEAD OXIDE TRUCK LOADING EMISSION FACTOR CALCULATIONS

EPNs 27 and 28

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

AP-42 5th Edition Section 13.2.4 (Aggregate Handling) material drop emission factor:

where E - emission factor (lb/ton),

k - particle size multiplier (dimensionless);

U - mean wind speed (miles per hour);

M - material moisture content (%).

U = 5 mph - estimation,

U1 = 1.0000

M 1 114 (%) ti ti 

### E k U

M = ⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟

⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟ *. * , .

. 

### 0 0032 5

2 1 3

1 4

M = 1.114 (%) - estimation,

M1 = 0.4409

E.F. = k * 0.0032 * U1 * M1, k=0.74 (for particles <30 mm)

k=0.35 (for particles <10 mm)

k=0.11 (for particles <2.5 mm)

E.F. = 0.74 * 0.0032 * 1.000 / 0.4409 = 0.0054 lb/ton for TSP

E.F. = 0.35 * 0.0032 * 1.000 / 0.4409 = 0.00254 lb/ton for PM-10

E.F. = 0.11 * 0.0032 * 1.000 / 0.4409 = 0.00080 lb/ton for PM-2.5 

### E k U

M = ⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟

⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟ *. * , .

. 

### 0 0032 5

2 1 3

1 4

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### Table B-3

OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTION SOURCES EMISSIONS

EPNs 56, 57, and 58

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

(Because all burners are similar, the following calculations are applicable to each EPN).

a. Oxide Reactors’ Burners

Two (2) Burners per Reactor with the Burning Capacity = 1.5 MMBtu/hr each.

Daily typical hours Oxide Reactors’ Burners, 2 per EP, EPNs # 56, 57, & 58 each = 2 hrs

Annual hours Oxide Reactors’ Burners, 2 per EP, EPNs # 56, 57, & 58 each = 104 hrs/yr

Annual Burning Capacity of Each Burner:

1.5 MMBtu/hr * 104 hrs/yr = 156 MMBtu/yr

Natural Gas Consumption per Burner:

156 MMBtu / 1,000 Btu/scf = 0.156 MMscf NG

Annual Criteria Pollutants Emissions:

PM: 0.0012 tpy

SO2: 0.0001 tpy

NOx: 0.0156 tpy

CO: 0.0131 tpy

VOC: 0.0009 tpy

Daily and Hourly Emissions:

PM: 0.0228 lb/hr

SO2: 0.0018 lb/hr

NOx: 0.3000 lb/hr

CO: 0.2520 lb/hr

VOC: 0.0165 lb/hr

Notes to all calculations:

1 Emission factors obtained from AP-42 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998) Section 1.4

for natural gas combustion (<100 MMBtu/hr).

2 Emissions are based on a heating value of natural gas of 1,000 Btu/scf.

3 Design capacity is used for each burner to represent worst-case emission.

4 All particulates are assumed to be PM-10. 7.6 lb/MMscf * 0.156 MMscf NG = 1.19 lb/hr * 2 Reactors / 2,000 lb/ton =

0.6 lb/MMscf * 0.156 MMscf NG = 0.09 lb/hr * 2 Reactors / 2,000 lb/ton =

100 lb/MMscf * 0.156 MMscf NG = 15.60 lb/hr * 2 Reactors / 2,000 lb/ton =

84 lb/MMscf * 0.156 MMscf NG = 13.10 lb/hr * 2 Reactors / 2,000 lb/ton =

0.0131 tpy / 52 days/yr * 2000 lb/ton = 0.5040 lb/day / 2 hrs/day =

0.0009 tpy / 52 days/yr * 2000 lb/ton = 0.0330 lb/day / 2 hrs/day = 5.5 lb/MMscf * 0.156 MMscf NG = 0.86 lb/hr * 2 Reactors / 2,000 lb/ton =

0.0012 tpy / 52 days/yr * 2000 lb/ton = 0.0456 lb/day / 2 hrs/day =

0.0001 tpy / 52 days/yr * 2000 lb/ton = 0.0036 lb/day / 2 hrs/day =

0.0156 tpy / 52 days/yr * 2000 lb/ton = 0.6000 lb/day / 2 hrs/day =

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P3

### Table B-3 (Continued)

OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTION SOURCES EMISSIONS

EPNs 56, 57, and 58

(continued)

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

(Because all burners are similar, the following calculations are applicable to each EPN).

b. Oxide Melting Pots.

One (1) Burner per Pot with the Burning Capacity = 1.0 MMBtu/hr

Daily typical hours Oxide Melting Pots, 1 per EP, EPNs # 56, 57, & 58 each = 24 hrs

Annual hours Oxide Melting Pots, 1 per EP, EPNs # 56, 57, & 58 each = 2,700 hrs/yr

Annual Burning Capacity of Each Burner:

1.0 MMBtu/hr * 2700 hrs/yr = 2700 MMBtu/yr

Natural Gas Consumption per Burner:

1 MMBtu/hr / 1,000 Btu/scf = 0.001 MMscf/hr NG

2700 MMBtu / 1,000 Btu/scf = 2.7 MMscf/yr NG

Annual Criteria Pollutants Emissions:

PM: 7.6 lb/MMscf * 2.700 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0103 tons/yr

SO2: 0.6 lb/MMscf * 2.700 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0008 tons/yr

NOx: 100 lb/MMscf * 2.700 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.1350 tons/yr

CO: 84 lb/MMscf * 2.700 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.1134 tons/yr

VOC: 5.5 lb/MMscf * 2.700 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0074 tons/yr

Daily and Hourly Emissions:

PM: 7.6 lb/MMscf * 0.001 MMscf/hr = 0.0076 lb/hr * 24 hrs/day = 0.1824 lb/day

SO2: 0.6 lb/MMscf * 0.001 MMscf/hr = 0.0006 lb/hr * 24 hrs/day = 0.0144 lb/day

NOx: 100 lb/MMscf * 0.001 MMscf/hr = 0.1000 lb/hr * 24 hrs/day = 2.4000 lb/day

CO: 84 lb/MMscf * 0.001 MMscf/hr = 0.0840 lb/hr * 24 hrs/day = 2.0160 lb/day

VOC: 5.5 lb/MMscf * 0.001 MMscf/hr = 0.0055 lb/hr * 24 hrs/day = 0.1320 lb/day

c. Total Emissions for Criteria Pollutants (for each EPN).

PM: 0.0012 tpy + 0.0103 tpy = 0.0114 tpy; 0.0456 lb/day + 0.1824 lb/day

= 0.2280 lb/day

SO2: 0.0001 tpy + 0.0008 tpy = 0.0009 tpy; 0.0036 lb/day + 0.0144 lb/day

= 0.0180 lb/day

NOx: 0.0156 tpy + 0.1350 tpy = 0.1506 tpy; 0.6000 lb/day + 2.4000 lb/day

= 3.0000 lb/day

CO: 0.0131 tpy + 0.1134 tpy = 0.1265 tpy; 0.5040 lb/day + 2.0160 lb/day

= 2.5200 lb/day

VOC: 0.0009 tpy + 0.0074 tpy = 0.0083 tpy; 0.0330 lb/day + 0.1320 lb/day

= 0.1650 lb/day

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P4

### Table B-4

BATTERY BREAKER FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS

EPN 48FUG

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Contaminant: Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 )

1995 Sampled Concentration: 102.3 mg/m^3

Measured Velocity: 880 ft/min = 268.14 m/min

Fugitive Area: 100 ft^2 = 9.29 m^2

Air Volume: 268.14 m/min * 9.29 m^2 = 2491.021 m^3/min

Fugitive air emissions:

= 102.3 μg/ cubic meter * 2491.02 cubic meter/min = 254831.4 μg/min =

= 254831.41 μg/min * 60 min/hr * (1/ 10^6) gm * (0.0022 lbs / 1 g) =

= 0.033708 lb/hr

2009 Typical hours per day: = 18 hrs/day

2009 Daily fugitive emissions:

0.0337 lb/hr * 18 hrs/day = 0.6068 lb/day

2009 Annual hours: = 3,900 hrs/yr

2009 Annual fugitive emissions:

0.0337 lb/hr * 3900 hrs/yr / 2,000 lb/ton = 0.0657 tpy

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P5

### Table B-5

SOFT LEAD REFINING KETTLES

EPN 54

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

Contaminant: Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 )

Number of kettles = 5

Total Maximum Heat Input = 5 MMBtu/hr

Fuel Gas Usage = 5 MMBtu/hr / (1,000 Btu/scf) = 0.005 MMscf/hr

Emission

Factor Emissions Emissions Emissions

(Units) (lb/hr) (lbs/day) (tons/year)

VOC 5.5 lb/MMscf 0.0275 0.0825 0.0139

NOx 100 lb/MMscf 0.5000 1.5000 0.2520

CO 84 lb/MMscf 0.4200 1.2600 0.2117

SO 2 0.6 lb/MMscf 0.0030 0.0090 0.0015

Particulate 7.6 lb/MMscf 0.0380 0.1140 0.0192

(1) Emission factors obtained from AP-42, 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998)

Section 1.4 for natural gas combustion (<100 MMBtu/hr).

(2) Daily emissions are based on 3 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(3) Annual emissions are based on 1,008 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(4) Emissions are based on a heating value of natural gas of 1000 BTU/scf.

(5) A burner firing rate of 1 MMBtu/hr is used for each kettle to represent worst-case emissions.

(6) All particulates are assumed to be PM-10. Emission

Factor Component

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P6

### Table B-6

HARD LEAD AND SPECIAL ALLOY REFINING KETTLES

EPN 55

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

a. Hard Lead Refining Kettles.

Number of kettles = 4

Total Maximum Heat Input = 4 MMBtu/hr

Fuel Gas Usage = 4 MMBtu/hr / (1,000 Btu/scf) = 4000 scf/hr

Emission

Factor Emissions Emissions Emissions

(Units) (lb/hr) (lbs/day) (tons/year)

VOC 5.5 lb/MMscf 0.0220 0.1320 0.0235

NOx 100 lb/MMscf 0.4000 2.4000 0.4274

CO 84 lb/MMscf 0.3360 2.0160 0.3590

SO 2 0.6 lb/MMscf 0.0024 0.0144 0.0026

Particulate 7.6 lb/MMscf 0.0304 0.1824 0.0325

(1) Emission factors obtained from AP-42, 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998)

Section 1.4 for natural gas combustion (<100 MMBtu/hr).

(2) Daily emissions are based on 6.00 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(3) Annual emissions are based on 2,137 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(4) Emissions are based on a heating value of natural gas of 1000 BTU/scf.

(5) A burner firing rate of 1 MMBtu/hr is used for each kettle to represent worst-case emissions.

(6) All particulates are assumed to be PM-2.5 Emission

Factor Component

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2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P7b. Special Alloy Refining Kettles

Number of kettles = 2

Total Maximum Heat Input = 2 MMBtu/hr

Fuel Gas Usage = 2 MMBtu/hr / (1,000 Btu/scf) = 2000 scf/hr

Emission

Factor Emissions Emissions Emissions

(Units) (lb/hr) (lbs/day) (tons/year)

VOC 5.5 lb/MMscf 0.0110 0.0673 0.0114

NOx 100 lb/MMscf 0.2000 1.2240 0.2080

CO 84 lb/MMscf 0.1680 1.0282 0.1747

SO 2 0.6 lb/MMscf 0.0012 0.0073 0.0012

Particulate 7.6 lb/MMscf 0.0152 0.0930 0.0158

(1) Emission factors obtained from AP-42, 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998)

Section 1.4 for natural gas combustion (<100 MMBtu/hr).

(2) Daily emissions are based on 6.12 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(3) Annual emissions are based on 2,080 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(4) Emissions are based on a heating value of natural gas of 1000 BTU/scf.

(5) A burner firing rate of 1 MMBtu/hr is used for each kettle to represent worst-case emissions.

(6) All particulates are assumed to be PM-2.5

c. Total EPN 55 emissions (the total of a. and b.)

VOC: 0.1993 lbs/day 0.0349 tpy

NOx: 3.6240 lbs/day 0.6354 tpy

CO: 3.0442 lbs/day 0.5337 tpy

SO2: 0.0217 lbs/day 0.0038 tpy

Particulate: 0.2754 lbs/day 0.0483 tpy Table B-6 (Continued)

Emission

Factor Component HARD LEAD AND SPECIAL ALLOY REFINING KETTLES

(Continued)

EPN 55

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

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### Table B-7

OXIDE BUILDING FUGITIVE EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS

EPN 46

2009 Air Emissions Inventory

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

a. "Trough Heaters".

Operate 3,624 hrs/yr each.

Three (3) Heaters with the Burning Capacity 0.25 MMBtu/hr each

Annual operating hours for Trough Heaters in Oxide Bldg 2,500 hrs/yr

Annual Burning Capacity of All 3 Burners:

1,875 MMBtu/yr

Total Natural Gas Consumption:

1875 MMBtu / 1,000 Btu/scf = 1.875 MMscf/yr NG

Criteria Pollutants Emissions:

PM: 7.6 lb/MMscf * 1.875 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0071 tons/yr

SO2: 0.6 lb/MMscf * 1.875 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0006 tons/yr

NOx: 94 lb/MMscf * 1.875 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0881 tons/yr

CO: 40 lb/MMscf * 1.875 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0375 tons/yr

VOC: 5.5 lb/MMscf * 1.875 MMscf/yr / 2000 lb/ton = 0.0052 tons/yr

(1) Emission factors obtained from AP-42, 5th Edition, Supplement D (July 1998)

Section 1.4 for natural gas combustion (<0.3 MMBtu/hr).

(2) Daily emissions are calculated similarly based on 24 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(3) Annual emissions are based on 2,500 hours of continuous fuel firing at the maximum rate.

(4) Emissions are based on a heating value of natural gas of 1000 BTU/scf.

(5) All particulates are assumed to be PM-2.5.

(6) A firing rate of 0.25 MMBtu/hr is used for each heater to represent worst-case emission. 0.25 MMBtu/hr * 2500 hrs/yr * 3 =

Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.

March 2010 Page 1 of 1 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P9Table B-8

MATERIAL HANDLING FUGITIVES EMISSION FACTOR CALCULATIONS

EPN 53

Exide Technologies Battery Recycling Facility - Frisco, TX

AP-42 5th Edition Section 13.2.4 (Aggregate Handling) material drop emission factor:

where E - emission factor (lb/ton),

k - particle size multiplier (dimensionless);

U - mean wind speed (miles per hour);

M - material moisture content (%).

U = 5 mph - estimation,

U1 = 1.0000

M 1 5 (%) ti ti 

### E k U

M = ⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟

⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟ *. * , .

. 

### 0 0032 5

2 1 3

1 4

M = 1.5 (%) - estimation,

M1 = 0.6685

E.F. = k * 0.0032 * U1 * M1, k=0.74 (for particles <30 mm)

k=0.35 (for particles <10 mm)

k=0.11 (for particles <2.5 mm)

E.F. = 0.74 * 0.0032 * 1.000 / 0.6685 = 0.0035 lb/ton for TSP

E.F. = 0.35 * 0.0032 * 1.000 / 0.6685 = 0.0017 lb/ton for PM-10

E.F. = 0.11 * 0.0032 * 1.000 / 0.6685 = 0.0005 lb/ton for PM-2.5

Lead emissions are assumed 50 percent of particulate emissions. 

### E k U

M = ⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟

⎛

⎝ ⎜ ⎞

⎠

⎟ *. * , .

. 

### 0 0032 5

2 1 3

1 4

Sage Environmental Consulting, L.P.

M

arch 2010 Page 1 of 1 Exide Technologies - Frisco Battery R ecycling Facility

2010_03_23 2009 EI, SC.P10TANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatTank Indentification andPhysical CharacteristicsIdentificationUser Identification: DIESELTK1City: Dallas-Fort WorthState: TexasCompany: Exide TechnologiesType of Tank: Horizontal TankDescription:Tank DimensionsShell Length (ft): 35.00Diameter (ft): 11.00Volume (gallons): 25,000.00Turnovers: 5.61Net Throughput(gal/yr): 140,151.47Is Tank Heated (y/n): NIs Tank Underground (y/n): NPaint CharacteristicsShell Color/Shade: Gray/LightShell Condition GoodBreather Vent SettingsVacuum Settings (psig): -0.03Pressure Settings (psig) 0.03Meterological Data used in Emissions Calculations: Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas (Avg Atmospheric Pressure = 14.44 psia)Page 1 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmDIESELTK1 - Horizontal TankDallas-Fort Worth, TexasTANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatLiquid Contentsof Storage TankDaily Liquid Surf.Temperature (deg F)LiquidBulkTemp Vapor Pressure (psia)VaporMol.LiquidMassVaporMass Mol. Basis for Vapor PressureMixture/Component Month Avg. Min. Max. (deg F) Avg. Min. Max. Weight. Fract. Fract. Weight CalculationsDistillate fuel oil no. 2 Jun 82.85 70.62 95.08 67.65 0.0131 0.0092 0.0190 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Jul 84.92 72.47 97.38 67.65 0.0140 0.0097 0.0204 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Aug 83.85 72.15 95.56 67.65 0.0135 0.0096 0.0193 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Page 2 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmDIESELTK1 - Horizontal TankDallas-Fort Worth, TexasTANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatDetail Calculations (AP-42)Month: January February March April May June July August SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberStanding Losses (lb): 1.6104 1.7900 1.6315Vapor Space Volume (cu ft):2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740Vapor Density (lb/cu ft):0.0003 0.0003 0.0003Vapor Space Expansion Factor:0.0867 0.0881 0.0826Vented Vapor Saturation Factor:0.9962 0.9959 0.9961Tank Vapor Space Volume:Vapor Space Volume (cu ft): 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740Tank Diameter (ft):11.0000 11.0000 11.0000Effective Diameter (ft):22.1460 22.1460 22.1460Vapor Space Outage (ft): 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000Tank Shell Length (ft):35.0000 35.0000 35.0000Vapor DensityVapor Density (lb/cu ft):0.0003 0.0003 0.0003Vapor Molecular Weight (lb/lb-mole):130.0000 130.0000 130.0000Vapor Pressure at Daily Average LiquidSurface Temperature (psia):0.0131 0.0140 0.0135Daily Avg. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg. R):542.5222 544.5919 543.5239Daily Average Ambient Temp. (deg. F):80.9500 85.3000 84.9000Ideal Gas Constant R(psia cuft / (lb-mol-deg R)):10.731 10.731 10.731Liquid Bulk Temperature (deg. R):527.3183 527.3183 527.3183Tank Paint Solar Absorptance (Shell): 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400Daily Total Solar InsulationFactor (Btu/sqft day):2,192.0184 2,228.5045 2,019.4236Vapor Space Expansion FactorVapor Space Expansion Factor:0.0867 0.0881 0.0826Daily Vapor Temperature Range (deg. R):48.9113 49.8230 46.8057Daily Vapor Pressure Range (psia):0.0099 0.0107 0.0097Breather Vent Press. Setting Range(psia):0.0600 0.0600 0.0600Vapor Pressure at Daily Average LiquidSurface Temperature (psia): 0.0131 0.0140 0.0135Vapor Pressure at Daily Minimum LiquidSurface Temperature (psia):0.0092 0.0097 0.0096Vapor Pressure at Daily Maximum LiquidSurface Temperature (psia):0.0190 0.0204 0.0193Daily Avg. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg R):542.5222 544.5919 543.5239Daily Min. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg R):530.2944 532.1361 531.8225Daily Max. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg R):554.7500 557.0476 555.2253Daily Ambient Temp. Range (deg. R):21.9000 22.4000 22.6000Vented Vapor Saturation FactorVented Vapor Saturation Factor:0.9962 0.9959 0.9961Vapor Pressure at Daily Average Liquid:Surface Temperature (psia): 0.0131 0.0140 0.0135Vapor Space Outage (ft):5.5000 5.5000 5.5000Working Losses (lb):0.4750 0.5050 0.4895Vapor Molecular Weight (lb/lb-mole):130.0000 130.0000 130.0000Vapor Pressure at Daily Average LiquidSurface Temperature (psia):0.0131 0.0140 0.0135Net Throughput (gal/mo.):11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892Page 3 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmAnnual Turnovers:5.6061 5.6061 5.6061Turnover Factor:1.0000 1.0000 1.0000Tank Diameter (ft): 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000Working Loss Product Factor:1.0000 1.0000 1.0000Total Losses (lb):2.0855 2.2950 2.1210Page 4 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmEmissions Report for:June, July, AugustDIESELTK1 - Horizontal TankDallas-Fort Worth, TexasTANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatIndividual Tank Emission TotalsLosses(lbs)ComponentsWorking LossBreathing LossTotal EmissionsDistillate fuel oil no. 21.475.036.50Page 5 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmPage 6 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmTANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatTank Indentification andPhysical CharacteristicsIdentificationUser Identification: DIESELTK1City: Dallas-Fort WorthState: TexasCompany: Exide TechnologiesType of Tank: Horizontal TankDescription:Tank DimensionsShell Length (ft): 35.00Diameter (ft): 11.00Volume (gallons): 25,000.00Turnovers: 5.61Net Throughput(gal/yr): 140,151.47Is Tank Heated (y/n): NIs Tank Underground (y/n): NPaint CharacteristicsShell Color/Shade: Gray/LightShell Condition GoodBreather Vent SettingsVacuum Settings (psig): -0.03Pressure Settings (psig) 0.03Meterological Data used in Emissions Calculations: Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas (Avg Atmospheric Pressure = 14.44 psia)Page 1 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmDIESELTK1 - Horizontal TankDallas-Fort Worth, TexasTANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatLiquid Contentsof Storage TankDaily Liquid Surf.Temperature (deg F)LiquidBulkTemp Vapor Pressure (psia)VaporMol.LiquidMassVaporMass Mol. Basis for Vapor PressureMixture/Component Month Avg. Min. Max. (deg F) Avg. Min. Max. Weight. Fract. Fract. Weight CalculationsDistillate fuel oil no. 2 Jan 60.88 53.57 68.19 67.65 0.0067 0.0052 0.0085 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP60 = .0065 VP70 = .009Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Feb 63.95 55.57 72.33 67.65 0.0075 0.0056 0.0097 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP60 = .0065 VP70 = .009Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Mar 69.22 59.56 78.87 67.65 0.0088 0.0064 0.0117 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP60 = .0065 VP70 = .009Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Apr 74.27 63.68 84.86 67.65 0.0103 0.0074 0.0139 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 May 78.34 67.20 89.49 67.65 0.0115 0.0083 0.0158 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Jun 82.85 70.62 95.08 67.65 0.0131 0.0092 0.0190 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Jul 84.92 72.47 97.38 67.65 0.0140 0.0097 0.0204 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Aug 83.85 72.15 95.56 67.65 0.0135 0.0096 0.0193 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Sep 78.95 68.96 88.95 67.65 0.0117 0.0087 0.0156 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Oct 73.13 63.99 82.27 67.65 0.0099 0.0075 0.0129 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP70 = .009 VP80 = .012Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Nov 66.82 59.20 74.44 67.65 0.0082 0.0063 0.0103 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP60 = .0065 VP70 = .009Distillate fuel oil no. 2 Dec 62.11 55.11 69.12 67.65 0.0070 0.0055 0.0088 130.0000 188.00 Option 1: VP60 = .0065 VP70 = .009Page 2 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmDIESELTK1 - Horizontal TankDallas-Fort Worth, TexasTANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatDetail Calculations (AP-42)Month: January February March April May June July August SeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberStanding Losses (lb): 0.5353 0.6169 0.9143 1.1177 1.3428 1.6104 1.7900 1.6315 1.1745 0.9595 0.6468 0.5320Vapor Space Volume (cu ft): 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740Vapor Density (lb/cu ft): 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002Vapor Space Expansion Factor: 0.0522 0.0602 0.0692 0.0756 0.0792 0.0867 0.0881 0.0826 0.0705 0.0648 0.0540 0.0497Vented Vapor Saturation Factor: 0.9980 0.9978 0.9974 0.9970 0.9967 0.9962 0.9959 0.9961 0.9966 0.9971 0.9976 0.9980Tank Vapor Space Volume:Vapor Space Volume (cu ft): 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740 2,118.5740Tank Diameter (ft): 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000Effective Diameter (ft): 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460 22.1460Vapor Space Outage (ft): 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000Tank Shell Length (ft): 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000 35.0000Vapor DensityVapor Density (lb/cu ft): 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002Vapor Molecular Weight (lb/lb-mole): 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000130.0000Vapor Pressure at Daily Average LiquidSurface Temperature (psia): 0.0067 0.0075 0.0088 0.0103 0.0115 0.0131 0.0140 0.0135 0.0117 0.0099 0.0082 0.0070Daily Avg. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg. R): 520.5484 523.6207 528.8854 533.9363 538.0142 542.5222 544.5919 543.5239 538.6224 532.8026 526.4924 521.7839Daily Average Ambient Temp. (deg. F): 43.4000 47.9000 56.7000 65.5000 72.7500 80.9500 85.3000 84.9000 77.3500 67.1500 56.1000 46.9000Ideal Gas Constant R(psia cuft / (lb-mol-deg R)): 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731 10.731Liquid Bulk Temperature (deg. R): 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183 527.3183Tank Paint Solar Absorptance (Shell): 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400 0.5400Daily Total Solar InsulationFactor (Btu/sqft day): 914.0549 1,170.0918 1,496.5626 1,772.9048 1,981.0339 2,192.0184 2,228.5045 2,019.4236 1,649.1695 1,336.9758997.4969 842.6691Vapor Space Expansion FactorVapor Space Expansion Factor: 0.0522 0.0602 0.0692 0.0756 0.0792 0.0867 0.0881 0.0826 0.0705 0.0648 0.0540 0.0497Daily Vapor Temperature Range (deg. R): 29.2285 33.5318 38.6120 42.3583 44.5692 48.9113 49.8230 46.8057 39.9834 36.5591 30.4902 28.0052Daily Vapor Pressure Range (psia): 0.0033 0.0041 0.0052 0.0065 0.0075 0.0099 0.0107 0.0097 0.0068 0.0054 0.0040 0.0033Breather Vent Press. Setting Range(psia): 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600 0.0600Vapor Pressure at Daily Average LiquidSurface Temperature (psia): 0.0067 0.0075 0.0088 0.0103 0.0115 0.0131 0.0140 0.0135 0.0117 0.0099 0.0082 0.0070Vapor Pressure at Daily Minimum LiquidSurface Temperature (psia): 0.0052 0.0056 0.0064 0.0074 0.0083 0.0092 0.0097 0.0096 0.0087 0.0075 0.0063 0.0055Vapor Pressure at Daily Maximum LiquidSurface Temperature (psia): 0.0085 0.0097 0.0117 0.0139 0.0158 0.0190 0.0204 0.0193 0.0156 0.0129 0.0103 0.0088Daily Avg. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg R): 520.5484 523.6207 528.8854 533.9363 538.0142 542.5222 544.5919 543.5239 538.6224 532.8026 526.4924 521.7839Daily Min. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg R): 513.2413 515.2377 519.2324 523.3467 526.8718 530.2944 532.1361 531.8225 528.6266 523.6628 518.8699 514.7826Daily Max. Liquid Surface Temp. (deg R): 527.8556 532.0036 538.5384 544.5259 549.1565 554.7500 557.0476 555.2253 548.6183 541.9424 534.1149 528.7852Daily Ambient Temp. Range (deg. R): 21.4000 22.0000 22.2000 21.6000 20.3000 21.9000 22.4000 22.6000 20.9000 22.7000 21.4000 21.2000Vented Vapor Saturation FactorVented Vapor Saturation Factor: 0.9980 0.9978 0.9974 0.9970 0.9967 0.9962 0.9959 0.9961 0.9966 0.9971 0.9976 0.9980Vapor Pressure at Daily Average Liquid:Surface Temperature (psia): 0.0067 0.0075 0.0088 0.0103 0.0115 0.0131 0.0140 0.0135 0.0117 0.0099 0.0082 0.0070Vapor Space Outage (ft): 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000 5.5000Working Losses (lb): 0.2429 0.2707 0.3183 0.3716 0.4158 0.4750 0.5050 0.4895 0.4224 0.3593 0.2966 0.2541Vapor Molecular Weight (lb/lb-mole): 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000 130.0000130.0000Vapor Pressure at Daily Average LiquidSurface Temperature (psia): 0.0067 0.0075 0.0088 0.0103 0.0115 0.0131 0.0140 0.0135 0.0117 0.0099 0.0082 0.0070Net Throughput (gal/mo.): 11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.289211,679.2892 11,679.2892 11,679.2892Page 3 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmAnnual Turnovers: 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061 5.6061Turnover Factor: 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000Tank Diameter (ft): 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000 11.0000Working Loss Product Factor: 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000Total Losses (lb): 0.7782 0.8876 1.2326 1.4894 1.7587 2.0855 2.2950 2.1210 1.5969 1.3189 0.9435 0.7861Page 4 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmEmissions Report for: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September,October, November,DecemberDIESELTK1 - Horizontal TankDallas-Fort Worth, TexasTANKS 4.0.9dEmissions Report - Detail FormatIndividual Tank Emission TotalsLosses(lbs)ComponentsWorking LossBreathing LossTotal EmissionsDistillate fuel oil no. 24.4212.8717.29Page 5 of 6TANKS 4.0 Report3/25/2009file://C:\Program Files\Tanks409d\summarydisplay.htmSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. Exide T echnologies – Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## APPENDIX C

UPDATED EMISSIONS INVENTORY PRINTOUT

Exide is submitting the 2009 Emissions Inventor y electronically. Therefore, the updated

Emissions Inventory Questionnaire (EIQ) is not provided this year. The delta file has been

prepared in the TCEQ required STARS format for the electronic submittal. The delta file is

provided on a Compact Disc (CD) included with this report.

The following pages from the EIQ are included in this appendix:

• Account Information

• Criteria Emissions Totals

• Emissions Inventory Signature PageSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. Exide T echnologies – Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## APPENDIX D

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMSSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. Exide T echnologies – Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## APPENDIX E

PLOT PLANSage Environmental Consulting, L.P. Exide T echnologies – Frisco Battery Recycling Facility

March 2010 2009 EI Report (03.22.2010) 

## APPENDIX F

LONE STARS PRINTOUT

Sage used a third party software, Lone Star S ver. 1.4.1.2 developed by Environmental Software

Solutions, to generate the TCEQ STARS delta file submitted to the TCEQ on the enclosed

compact disc. This appendix contains the L one StarS printout documenting the emissions

inventory data included in the TCEQ STARS delta file.Account # - Report Year:Page 1 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:BLASTEPN:38FIN:BLAST FURNACEPlant ID:SMELTERBLASTComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SMELTING FURNACE BLAST(CUPOLA)30400403Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:FURNACECharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 0MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE OTControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:AFTERBURNAFTERBURNAbatement Code:501AFTERBURNERS,DIRECT FLAME# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:90 0 0 90IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Control Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BLASTBH BLASTBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Control Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SO2SCRUBER SO2SCRUBERAbatement Code:600 SULFER DIOXIDE REMOVAL# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 90 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:0 85 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 2 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:38 OFF-GAS SCRUBBERUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702662.38 3668046Latitude: Longitude:330756 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER4.5FEETHEIGHT162FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP95DEG FVELOCITY64.4FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M3.834322.1075.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0031.0181.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0018.0101.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0079.0456.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0499.2874.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014590M.0030.0174.0000.0000SELENIUM-SE7782492.000014601M.0314.1810.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M2.684015.4753.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0022.0127.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0012.0071.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0055.0319.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0349.2012.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024590M.0021.0122.0000.0000PM10 SELENIUM-SE7782492.000024601M.0220.1267.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E1.17946.7978.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M.41862.4127.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0801.4617.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0068.0390.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.0688.3967.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0530.3057.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0113.0650.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000054065M.0113.0650.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0226.1301.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000056600M.0045.0260.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.24621.4189.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.000070400M12.824173.9140.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 3 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70510M180.86851,042.4696.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516M2.424113.9720.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M179.48681,034.5062.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 4 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:BLASTFUGEPN:10FIN:BLAST FURNACE SMELTING FUGITIVESPlant ID:GNBFP. 1BLASTFUGComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SMELTING FURNACE BLAST(CUPOLA)30400403Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:10 BLAST FUGITIVE AREAUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702672.94 3668785.8Latitude: Longitude:330820 964938Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT30FEETLENGTH110FEETOFNORTHEWIDTH55FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A1.814810.6752.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020A.0045.0263.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030A.0022.0131.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110A.0089.0525.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310A.0893.5252.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000A1.27037.4726.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020A.0031.0184.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030A.0016.0092.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110A.0063.0368.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310A.0625.3677.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999A.57593.3877.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 5 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:BREAKEREPN:48FIN:BATTERY BREAKERPlant ID:BREAKERComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.003900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SCRUB SCRUBAbatement Code:270 SCRUBBERS - MISC. TYPES# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:00 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:48 BATTERY BREAKER SCRUBBERUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702593 3668772Latitude: Longitude:330819.59 964941.06Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.2FEETHEIGHT35FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP75DEG FVELOCITY50.8FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.984812.1200.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0293.3600.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.68938.4840.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024310M.0205.2520.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.30423.7440.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000070516M.0293.3600.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 6 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:BREAKERFUGEPN:48FUGFIN:BATTERY BREAKER FUGITIVEPlant ID:BREAKERFUGComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 49Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:70055.003900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:48FUG BATTERY BREAKER FUGITIVESUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702582 3668775Latitude: Longitude:330819.72 964941.5Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT3FEETLENGTH10FEETOFNORTHWWIDTH10FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70516S.0657.6066.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 7 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:COVRMSB44EPN:44FIN:COVERED RAW MATERIAL STORAGE BUILDING FUGITIVESPlant ID:COVRMSB44Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008760Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:44 RAW MAT'L. STOR. FUGITIVEUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702621.75 3668754Latitude: Longitude:330819 964940Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT3FEETLENGTH100FEETOFNORTHWIDTH5FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS14310E.0107.0587.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000024310E.0107.0587.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999A.0032.0176.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 8 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:CRYSTLBLREPN:CRYSTLBLRFIN:CRYSTALLIZER BOILERPlant ID:CRYSTLBLRComments:SCC:ELECTRIC GENERATNNATURAL GAS <100MMBTU/HR EXTF10100602Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:050.008640Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:BOILER-ELECTRIC GENERATNCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITYFIRING TYPEGENERATION CAPACITYEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:CRYSTLBLR CRYSTALLIZER BOILERUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702391 3668885Latitude: Longitude:330823.41 964948.81Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER2FEETHEIGHT20FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP414DEG FVELOCITY28.56FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000V.09041.0043.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000V.09041.0043.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000050001V.14461.6068.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400V1.066511.8502.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510V.0090.1004.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300V1.355715.0638.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 9 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:D-1EPN:D-1FIN:DEGREASERSPlant ID:D-1Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008760Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:CLEANINGProfile:VAPOR DEGREASINGEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:D-1 DEGREASER 1UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702661.88 3668070Latitude: Longitude:330756.78 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3FEETHEIGHT10FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP77DEG FVELOCITY0.01FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS59300B.0000.0000.0000.0000NAPHTHA64741668.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 10 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:DIESELTK1EPN:DTFIN:DIESEL TANK 1Plant ID:DIESELTK1Comments:SCC:FIXED ROOF TANKS DIST FUEL NO.2 WORKING LOSS40301021Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.008760Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:TANKSProfile:HORIZONTAL FIXED ROOF TANKCharacteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER 11FEETFILL MTHD UHEIGHTHOT PRODUCT (Y/N)LENGTH 35FEETPAINT COND GROOF COLORADSHELL COLORADSHLL CONST WSTORE CAPACITY 25000MGALLONSVAPR SPACE HGTEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:DT DIESEL TANK 1UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702235 3668826Latitude: Longitude:330821.59 964954.88Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.0FEETHEIGHT15FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURE0%TEMP78DEG FVELOCITY0.01FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS50001S.0000.0000.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000059150A.0086.0714.0000.0000DIESEL0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 11 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:DROSSBINEPN:22FIN:VENTILATED DROSS BINSPlant ID:DROSSBINComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SCRAP PRETREATMNTSCRAP CRUSHING30400411Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.008736Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SPECALLOY SPECALLOYAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:22 SPEC. ALLOY VENT STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702824 3668018Latitude: Longitude:330754.97 964932.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER2.7FEETHEIGHT75FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP81DEG FVELOCITY68FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS14310E.0000.0000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 12 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:DRYTPIECEEPN:45FIN:DRYER TRANSITION PIECEPlant ID:DRYTPIECEComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SCRAP PRETREATMNTSCRAP CRUSHING30400411Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.008736Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:45 STORAGE DUST COLLECTOR STUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702257.63 3668808Latitude: Longitude:330821 964954Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER6FEETHEIGHT100FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP72DEG FVELOCITY59FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000E.0000.0000.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310E.0000.0000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 13 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:FDRYHOPEPN:45FIN:FEED DRYER LOADING HOPPERPlant ID:FDRYHOPComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SCRAP PRETREATMNTSCRAP CRUSHING30400411Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:45 STORAGE DUST COLLECTOR STUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702257.63 3668808Latitude: Longitude:330821 964954Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER6FEETHEIGHT100FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP72DEG FVELOCITY59FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000E.0000.0000.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310E.0000.0000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 14 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:FEEDDRYEREPN:45FIN:FEED DRYERPlant ID:FEEDDRYERComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SCRAP PRETREATMNTSCRAP CRUSHING30400411Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:45 STORAGE DUST COLLECTOR STUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702257.63 3668808Latitude: Longitude:330821 964954Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER6FEETHEIGHT100FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP72DEG FVELOCITY59FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000E.0000.0000.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310E.0000.0000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 15 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:FLASHDRYEREPN:FLASHDRYERFIN:CRYSTALLIZER FLASH DRYERPlant ID:FLASHDRYERComments:SCC:LEAD RAW MATERIAL DRYER30400419Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:008640Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:DRYERCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITYFIRING TYPEEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:FLASHDRYER CRYSTALLIZER FLASH DRYERUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702362 3668896Latitude: Longitude:330823.78 964949.88Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER0.67FEETHEIGHT80FEETHORDSCHGYMOISTURETEMP75DEG FVELOCITY0.003FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.0816.4536.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000A.0816.4536.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000050001A.0583.3240.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400A1.14316.3504.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510A.0069.0381.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300A.95645.3136.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 16 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:HLSACOMBEPN:55FIN:HARD LEAD AND SPECIAL ALLOY GAS COMBUSTIONPlant ID:HLSACOMBComments:SCC:COMMERCL-INSTUTNLNATURAL GAS <10MMBTU/HR10300603Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.004217Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:HEATERCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 6MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE OTEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:55 HARD LEAD KETTLE HEATINGUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702683.56 3668786Latitude: Longitude:330820 964937.63Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3FEETHEIGHT40FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP200DEG FVELOCITY0.01FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.0483.2754.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000A.0338.1928.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0145.0826.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001A.0349.1993.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400A.63543.6240.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510A.0038.0217.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070511A.0000.0000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE (LIQUID)0.000090300A.53373.0442.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 17 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLE2EPN:22FIN:KETTLE 2Plant ID:KETTLE2Comments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.002080Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:22 SPEC. ALLOY VENT STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702824 3668018Latitude: Longitude:330754.97 964932.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER2.7FEETHEIGHT75FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP81DEG FVELOCITY68FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M3.147217.4844.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0006.0031.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030E.0001.0006.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110E.0014.0079.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0432.2400.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M2.203012.2391.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0004.0022.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0001.0004.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0010.0055.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0302.1680.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.95775.3208.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M1.23126.8400.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400M.30241.6800.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M.51842.8800.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300M2.592014.4000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 18 of 84RN100218643 - 2009Account # - Report Year:Page 19 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLE3EPN:18FIN:KETTLE 3Plant ID:KETTLE3Comments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.002137Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:HARDLEADBH HARDLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 20 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:18 HARD LEAD BAGHOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702647.69 3668754.5Latitude: Longitude:330819 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.2FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP100DEG FVELOCITY64FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.56253.1253.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0001.0008.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0001.0004.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0006.0032.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0324.1800.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0023.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.39382.1877.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0001.0005.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0001.0003.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0004.0023.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0227.1260.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0016.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.1788.9936.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M.61563.4200.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400M.0756.4200.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M.0216.1200.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300M.54003.0000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 21 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLE4EPN:18FIN:KETTLE 4Plant ID:KETTLE4Comments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.002137Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:HARDLEADBH HARDLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 22 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:18 HARD LEAD BAGHOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702647.69 3668754.5Latitude: Longitude:330819 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.2FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP100DEG FVELOCITY64FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.56253.1253.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0001.0008.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0001.0004.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0006.0032.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0324.1800.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0023.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.39382.1877.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0001.0005.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0001.0003.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0004.0023.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0227.1260.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0016.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.1788.9936.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M.61563.4200.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400M.0756.4200.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M.0216.1200.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300M.54003.0000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 23 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLE5EPN:21FIN:KETTLE 5Plant ID:KETTLE5Comments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.001008Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SOFTLEADBH SOFTLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 24 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:21 SOFT LEAD BAG HOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702629.63 3668723.3Latitude: Longitude:330818 964939.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER5FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP90DEG FVELOCITY57.3FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.66983.7212.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0000.0002.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0000.0001.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0000.0001.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0360.2000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0024.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.46892.6048.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0252.1400.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601V.0003.0017.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.21191.1772.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M3.988422.1575.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0083.0460.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0052.0286.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.0799.4440.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0111.0616.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0072.0400.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0111.0616.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000053390M.0021.0114.0000.00001,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE79345.000054065M.0160.0888.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0361.2004.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000055150M.0005.0029.0000.00001,3- BUTADIENE106990.000056600M.0031.0172.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200A.0641.3560.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 25 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70400M.80644.4800.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M1.08006.0000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516A.0504.2800.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M5.544030.8000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 26 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLE6EPN:21FIN:KETTLE 6Plant ID:KETTLE6Comments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.001008Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SOFTLEADBH SOFTLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 27 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:21 SOFT LEAD BAG HOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702629.63 3668723.3Latitude: Longitude:330818 964939.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER5FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP90DEG FVELOCITY57.3FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.66983.7212.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0000.0002.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0000.0001.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0000.0001.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0360.2000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0024.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.46892.6048.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0252.1400.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601V.0003.0017.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.21191.1772.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M3.988422.1575.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0083.0460.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0052.0286.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.0799.4440.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0111.0616.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0072.0400.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0111.0616.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000053390M.0021.0114.0000.00001,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE79345.000054065M.0160.0888.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0361.2004.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000055150M.0005.0029.0000.00001,3- BUTADIENE106990.000056600M.0031.0172.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.0641.3560.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 28 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70400M.80644.4800.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M1.08006.0000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516M.0504.2800.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M5.544030.8000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 29 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLE7EPN:21FIN:KETTLE 7Plant ID:KETTLE7Comments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.001008Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SOFTLEADBH SOFTLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 30 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:21 SOFT LEAD BAG HOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702629.63 3668723.3Latitude: Longitude:330818 964939.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER5FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP90DEG FVELOCITY57.3FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.66983.7212.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0000.0002.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0000.0001.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0000.0001.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0360.2000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0024.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.46892.6048.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0252.1400.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0017.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.21191.1772.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M3.988422.1575.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0083.0460.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0052.0286.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.0799.4440.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0111.0616.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0072.0400.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0111.0616.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000053390M.0021.0114.0000.00001,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE79345.000054065M.0160.0888.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0361.2004.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000055150M.0005.0029.0000.00001,3- BUTADIENE106990.000056600M.0031.0172.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.0641.3560.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 31 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70400M.80644.4800.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M1.08006.0000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516M.0504.2800.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M5.544030.8000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 32 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLEAEPN:18FIN:KETTLE A; HARD LEAD AND SPEC. ALLOY GAS COMBUST.Plant ID:KETTLEAComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD KETTLE REFINING POT FURNACE30400401Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:002137Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:HARDLEADBH HARDLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 33 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:18 HARD LEAD BAGHOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702647.69 3668754.5Latitude: Longitude:330819 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.2FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP100DEG FVELOCITY64FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.56253.1253.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0001.0008.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0001.0004.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0006.0032.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0324.1800.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0023.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.39382.1877.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0001.0005.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0001.0003.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0004.0023.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0227.1260.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0016.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.1788.9936.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M.61563.4200.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400M.0756.4200.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M.0216.1200.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300M.54003.0000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 34 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLEBEPN:18FIN:KETTLE BPlant ID:KETTLEBComments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.002137Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERAccount # - Report Year:Page 35 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:18 HARD LEAD BAGHOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702647.69 3668754.5Latitude: Longitude:330819 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.2FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP100DEG FVELOCITY64FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.56253.1253.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0001.0008.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0001.0004.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0006.0032.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0324.1800.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0023.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.39382.1877.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0001.0005.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0001.0003.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0004.0023.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0227.1260.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0016.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.1788.9936.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M.61563.4200.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400M.0756.4200.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M.0216.1200.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300M.54003.0000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 36 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLECEPN:21FIN:SOFT LEAD REFININGPlant ID:SMELTERKETTLECComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD KETTLE REFINING POT FURNACE30400401Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.001008Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SOFTLEADBH SOFTLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 37 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:21 SOFT LEAD BAG HOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702629.63 3668723.3Latitude: Longitude:330818 964939.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER5FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP90DEG FVELOCITY57.3FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.66983.7212.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020O.0000.0002.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0000.0001.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0000.0001.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0360.2000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0024.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.46892.6048.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0252.1400.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0017.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.21191.1772.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M3.988422.1575.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0083.0460.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0052.0286.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.0799.4440.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0111.0616.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0072.0400.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0111.0616.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000053390M.0021.0114.0000.00001,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE79345.000054065M.0160.0888.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0361.2004.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000055150M.0005.0029.0000.00001,3- BUTADIENE106990.000056600M.0031.0172.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.0641.3560.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 38 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70400M.80644.4800.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M1.08006.0000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516M.0504.2800.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M5.544030.8000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 39 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLEDEPN:21FIN:KETTLE DPlant ID:KETTLEDComments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.001008Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SOFTLEADBH SOFTLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 40 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:21 SOFT LEAD BAG HOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702629.63 3668723.3Latitude: Longitude:330818 964939.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER5FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP90DEG FVELOCITY57.3FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.66983.7212.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0000.0002.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0000.0001.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0000.0001.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0360.2000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0024.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.46892.6048.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0252.1400.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0017.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.21191.1772.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M3.988422.1575.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0083.0460.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0052.0286.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.0799.4440.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0111.0616.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0072.0400.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0111.0616.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000053390M.0021.0114.0000.00001,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE79345.000054065M.0160.0888.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0361.2004.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000055150M.0005.0029.0000.00001,3- BUTADIENE106990.000056600M.0031.0172.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.0641.3560.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 41 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70400M.80644.4800.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M1.08006.0000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516M.0504.2800.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M5.544030.8000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 42 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:KETTLEEEPN:21FIN:KETTLE EPlant ID:KETTLEEComments:SCC:LEAD KETTLE REFINING30400426Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.001008Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SOFTLEADBH SOFTLEADBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 43 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:21 SOFT LEAD BAG HOUSE STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702629.63 3668723.3Latitude: Longitude:330818 964939.75Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER5FEETHEIGHT125FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP90DEG FVELOCITY57.3FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.66983.7212.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0000.0002.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0000.0001.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0000.0001.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0360.2000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014601M.0004.0024.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M.46892.6048.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0252.1400.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024601M.0003.0017.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E.21191.1772.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M3.988422.1575.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0083.0460.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0052.0286.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.0799.4440.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0111.0616.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0072.0400.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0111.0616.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000053390M.0021.0114.0000.00001,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE79345.000054065M.0160.0888.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0361.2004.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000055150M.0005.0029.0000.00001,3- BUTADIENE106990.000056600M.0031.0172.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.0641.3560.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 44 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70400M.80644.4800.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M1.08006.0000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516M.0504.2800.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M5.544030.8000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 45 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:MATLHNDFUGEPN:53FIN:MATERIAL HANDLING FUGITIVESPlant ID:MATLHNDFUGComments:SCC:FUGITIVE EMISSIONNOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30488801Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:53 MATL HANDLING FUGITIVESUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702603 3668788Latitude: Longitude:330820.13 964940.69Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT30FEETLENGTH100FEETOFNORTHEWIDTH20FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000S.0391.2146.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310S.0391.2146.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000S.0379.2085.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999S.0112.0613.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 46 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:NOXIDEHMEPN:15FIN:NORTH OXIDE HAMMER MILLPlant ID:NOXIDEHMComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:004900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHNOXIDEHM BHNOXIDEHMAbatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:15 N. OXIDE HAMMERMILL SYST.UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702649.75 3668014.8Latitude: Longitude:330755 964939.5Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT55FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP113DEG FVELOCITY46.5FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.03181.9128.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0010.0624.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.02221.3390.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024310M.0007.0437.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.0098.5926.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 47 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:OXIDCLEANEPN:26FIN:OXIDE BLDG. CENTRAL VACUUM SYSTEMPlant ID:OXIDCLEANComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:004900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:26 OXIDE VACUUM STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702295.69 3668223.3Latitude: Longitude:330802 964953Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER0.5FEETHEIGHT30FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP81DEG FVELOCITY38FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000E.0225.4176.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310E.0010.0192.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000E.0165.3058.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999E.0071.1310.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 48 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:OXIDEBUILDEPN:14FIN:OXIDE HYGIENE BAGHOUSE DUST COLLECTOR SYSTEMPlant ID:OXIDEBUILDComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SCRAP PRETREATMNTSCRAP CRUSHING30400411Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.004900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHHYGIENE BHHYGIENEAbatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 99.5 99.5 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:14 OXIDE HYGIENE BAGHS. VENTUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702582 3668775Latitude: Longitude:330819.72 964941.5Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1.75FEETHEIGHT40FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP565DEG FVELOCITY91.74FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.09121.6896.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0071.1320.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.06881.2751.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999M.0295.5465.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 49 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:OXIDEFUG 1EPN:46FIN:LEAD OXIDE PROCESS TROUGH HEATERSPlant ID:OXIDEFUG 1Comments:SCC:ORGANIC CHEMICALSGENERAL PROCESSESSTORAGE/TRANSFER30183001Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:004900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:HEATERCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 0.75MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE OTEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:46 HEATERS COMBUSTION FUG.UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702831 3668350Latitude: Longitude:330805.75 964932.25Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES90DEGREESHEIGHT5FEETLENGTH138FEETOFNORTHWWIDTH112FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.0071.1368.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000A.0050.0958.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0021.0410.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001A.0052.0990.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400A.08811.6920.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510A.0006.0108.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300A.0375.7200.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 50 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:OXPRCOMB1EPN:56FIN:LEAD OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTION SOURCES 1Plant ID:OXPRCOMB1Comments:SCC:COMMERCL-INSTUTNLNATURAL GAS <10MMBTU/HR10300603Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA3 1 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.005716Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:HEATERCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 4MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE OTEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:56 OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTIONUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702725 3668805Latitude: Longitude:330820.59 964936Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT32FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP150DEG FVELOCITY8FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.0114.2280.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000A.0080.1596.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0034.0684.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001A.0083.1650.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400A.15063.0000.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510A.0009.0180.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300A.12652.5200.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 51 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:OXPRCOMB2EPN:57FIN:LEAD OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTION SOURCES 2Plant ID:OXPRCOMB2Comments:SCC:COMMERCL-INSTUTNLNATURAL GAS <10MMBTU/HR10300603Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA3 1 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.005716Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:HEATERCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 4MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE OTEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:57 OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTIONUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702720 3668795Latitude: Longitude:330820.25 964936.19Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT32FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP150DEG FVELOCITY8FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70510A.0009.0180.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300A.12652.5200.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.000010000A.0114.2280.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000A.0080.1596.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0034.0684.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001A.0083.1650.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400A.15063.0000.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 52 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:OXPRCOMB3EPN:58FIN:LEAD OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTION SOURCES 3Plant ID:OXPRCOMB3Comments:SCC:COMMERCL-INSTUTNLNATURAL GAS <10MMBTU/HR10300603Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA3 1 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.005716Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:HEATERCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 4MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE OTEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:58 OXIDE PROCESS COMBUSTIONUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702750.75 3668785.5Latitude: Longitude:330819.94 964935Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT32FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP150DEG FVELOCITY8FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.0114.2280.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000A.0080.1596.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0034.0684.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001A.0083.1650.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400A.15063.0000.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510A.0009.0180.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300A.12652.5200.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 53 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:RAWMATBLDGEPN:45FIN:RAW MATERIAL STORAGE BUILDINGPlant ID:RAWMATBLDGComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008760Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:45 STORAGE DUST COLLECTOR STUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702257.63 3668808Latitude: Longitude:330821 964954Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER6FEETHEIGHT100FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP72DEG FVELOCITY59FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M7.257640.3200.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.21601.2000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M5.080328.2240.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024310M.1512.8400.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E2.242112.4560.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 54 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REACTOR 1EPN:13FIN:OXIDE REACTOR 1Plant ID:OXIDEREACTOR 1Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.002858Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHREACTOR1 BHREACTOR1Abatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:13 OXIDE REACTORS #1UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702718 3668793Latitude: Longitude:330820.19 964936.25Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT52FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP243DEG FVELOCITY43.2FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.0183.5496.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0008.0240.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.0133.4015.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999M.0057.1721.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 55 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REACTOR 2EPN:12FIN:OXIDE REACTOR 2Plant ID:OXIDEREACTOR 2Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.002858Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHREACTOR2 BHREACTOR2Abatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:12 OXIDE REACTORS #2UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702724.75 3668786.8Latitude: Longitude:330820 964936Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT55FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP207DEG FVELOCITY27.9FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.0072.2160.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0053.1584.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.0087.2621.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999M.0037.1123.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 56 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REACTOR 3EPN:11FIN:OXIDE REACTOR 3Plant ID:REACTOR 3Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:002858Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHREACTOR3 BHREACTOR3Abatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:11 OXIDE REACTORS #3UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702648.19 3668728.8Latitude: Longitude:330818.19 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT55FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP100DEG FVELOCITY39.5FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.0263.7920.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0026.0768.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.0202.6082.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999M.0087.2606.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 57 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REACTOR 3EPN:9FIN:OXIDE REACTOR 3Plant ID:REACTOR 3Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:002858Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:9 OXIDE REACTORSUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702413.75 3668780.5Latitude: Longitude:330820 964948Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT40FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP320DEG FVELOCITY5.8FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS20000M.0000.0000.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 58 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REACTOR 4EPN:16FIN:OXIDE REACTOR 4Plant ID:OXIDEREACTOR 4Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.002858Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHREACTOR4 BHREACTOR4Abatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:16 OXIDE REACTOR #4UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702429.06 3668041Latitude: Longitude:330756 964948Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER0.83FEETHEIGHT57FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP203DEG FVELOCITY44.2FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.0177.5328.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0013.0384.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.0133.3998.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999M.0057.1714.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 59 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REACTOR 5EPN:24FIN:OXIDE REACTOR 5Plant ID:OXIDEREACTOR 5Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.002858Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHREACTOR5 BHREACTOR5Abatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:24 OXIDE REACTOR #5UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702824 3667988Latitude: Longitude:330754 964932.81Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1.23FEETHEIGHT54FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP190DEG FVELOCITY37.7FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.0135.4056.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0006.0192.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.0099.2974.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999M.0042.1274.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 60 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REACTOR 6EPN:25FIN:OXIDE REACTOR 6Plant ID:OXIDEREACTOR 6Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD BARTON PROCESS OXIDATION KETTLE30400408Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.002858Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHREACTOR6 BHREACTOR6Abatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 8736 0 DCO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:25 OXIDE REACTOR #6UTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702106 3668341Latitude: Longitude:330805.94 965000.25Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1.23FEETHEIGHT54FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP169DEG FVELOCITY31FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M.0128.3840.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310M.0007.0216.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M.0094.2839.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999M.0040.1217.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 61 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REAGTSILO1EPN:49FIN:REAGENT SILO#1 BAGHOUSE STACKPlant ID:REAGTSILO1Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.001040Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:REAGENT1BH REAGENT1BHAbatement Code:300 FILTERS-FABRIC (BAGHOUSE)# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:00 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:49 REAGENT SILO #1 BAGHOUSEUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702235.56 3668639Latitude: Longitude:330815.53 964955Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3FEETHEIGHT47FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP68DEG FVELOCITY0.06FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000V.1689.9257.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000V.1183.6480.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999E.0507.2777.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 62 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REAGTSILO2EPN:50FIN:REAGENT SILO #2 BAGHOUSEPlant ID:REAGTSILO2Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.001040Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:REAGENT2BH REAGENT2BHAbatement Code:300 FILTERS-FABRIC (BAGHOUSE)# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:00 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:50 REAGENT SILO #2 BAGHOUSEUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702235.31 3668634.3Latitude: Longitude:330815.38 964955Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3FEETHEIGHT47FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP68DEG FVELOCITY0.06FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000V.1689.9257.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000V.1183.6480.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999E.0507.2777.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 63 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REFCASTFUGEPN:36FIN:REFINING/CASTING FUGITIVESPlant ID:REFCASTFUGComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD FUGITIVE EMISSIONKETTLE REFINING30400414Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008736Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:36 REFINING-CASTING FUGITIVEUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702116.81 3668096.3Latitude: Longitude:330758 965000Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT30FEETLENGTH200FEETOFNORTHWIDTH50FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.0589.3236.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020A.0000.0001.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014110A.0001.0004.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310A.0261.1433.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000A.0412.2266.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020A.0000.0001.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024110A.0000.0002.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310A.0183.1003.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.0170.0935.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 64 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REVERBEPN:38FIN:REVERBATORY FURNACEPlant ID:REVERBComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SMELTING FURNACE REVERBERATORY30400402Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 50Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:020.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:FURNACECharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 20MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE FRControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:REVERBH REVERBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Control Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SO2SCRUBER SO2SCRUBERAbatement Code:600 SULFER DIOXIDE REMOVAL# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 90 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:0 85 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 65 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:38 OFF-GAS SCRUBBERUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702662.38 3668046Latitude: Longitude:330756 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER4.5FEETHEIGHT162FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP95DEG FVELOCITY64.4FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M8.877251.1652.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0073.0419.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0041.0235.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0183.1056.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.1154.6654.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000014590M.0070.0402.0000.0000SELENIUM-SE7782492.000014601M.0727.4190.0000.0000SILICA OXIDE0.000020000M6.214035.8156.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0051.0293.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0028.0164.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0128.0739.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0808.4658.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000024595M.0049.0282.0000.0000PM10 SELENIUM & COMPOUND0.000024601M.0509.2933.0000.0000PM10 SILICA OXIDE0.000039999E2.730615.7382.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M.96925.5860.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.18551.0690.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0157.0903.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052490M.1594.9185.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0614.3538.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0261.1506.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0614.3538.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000054065M.0261.1506.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0522.3011.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000056600M.0104.0602.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.57003.2851.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 66 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70400M29.6904171.1260.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M418.74752,413.5305.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000070516M5.612432.3480.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M415.54882,395.0938.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 67 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REVERBFUGEPN:35FIN:REVERB. FURNACE SMELTING FUGITIVESPlant ID:G.N.B.F.P.REVERBFUGComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SMELTING FURNACE REVERBERATORY30400402Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:044.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:35 REVERB. FURNACE FUGITIVESUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702673.56 3668755Latitude: Longitude:330819 964938Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT30FEETLENGTH150FEETOFNORTHEWIDTH100FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M4.201624.7152.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0103.0608.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0052.0304.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0207.1216.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.20671.2160.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M2.941117.3006.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0072.0426.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0036.0213.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0145.0851.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.1447.8512.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E1.33337.8432.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 68 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:REVERBPFSEPN:35FIN:REVERBERATORY FURNACE PROCESS FUGITIVE SOURCESPlant ID:REVERBPFSComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SMELTING FURNACE REVERBERATORY30400402Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:35 REVERB. FURNACE FUGITIVESUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702673.56 3668755Latitude: Longitude:330819 964938Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT30FEETLENGTH150FEETOFNORTHEWIDTH100FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS20000E.0000.0000.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 69 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:RMSBFUG47EPN:47FIN:RAW MATERIAL STORAGE BUILDING FUGITIVESPlant ID:RMSBFUG47Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 49Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008760Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:47 RMS BLDG FUGSUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702622.38 3668723Latitude: Longitude:330818 964940Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT10FEETLENGTH200FEETOFNORTHWIDTH100FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS14310S.0000.0000.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000S.0000.0000.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999S.0000.0000.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 70 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SHREDDEREPN:45FIN:FEED SHREDDERPlant ID:SHREDDERComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SCRAP PRETREATMNTSCRAP CRUSHING30400411Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:095.003900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:45 STORAGE DUST COLLECTOR STUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702257.63 3668808Latitude: Longitude:330821 964954Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER6FEETHEIGHT100FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP72DEG FVELOCITY59FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS20000E.0000.0000.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 71 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SLAGCRUSHEPN:39FIN:LOADING FACILITYPlant ID:SLAGCRUSHComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD CASTING30400409Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA8 5 49Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.001040Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SLAGTRETBH SLAGTRETBHAbatement Code:300 FILTERS-FABRIC (BAGHOUSE)# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:39 SLAG FIXATION STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702183.06 3668652.3Latitude: Longitude:330816 964957Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.3FEETHEIGHT16FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP100DEG FVELOCITY27FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000E.62654.8154.0000.0000PART-U0.000014010E.0006.0053.0000.0000ALUMINUM - AL7429905.000014310E.0017.0161.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000E.44023.3858.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999E.18861.4511.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 72 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SLAGHNDFUGEPN:52FIN:SLAG HANDLING FUGITIVESPlant ID:SLAGHNDFUGComments:SCC:FUGITIVE EMISSIONNOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30488801Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:094.001040Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:52 SLAG HANDLING FUGITIVESUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702634 3668793Latitude: Longitude:330820.25 964939.5Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT30FEETLENGTH110FEETOFNORTHEWIDTH55FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000S.0362.2127.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020S.0011.0063.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030S.0005.0032.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110S.0022.0127.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310S.0070.0413.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000S.0253.1489.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020S.0008.0044.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030S.0004.0022.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110S.0015.0089.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310S.0049.0289.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.0141.0829.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 73 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SLCOMBEPN:54FIN:SOFT LEAD GAS COMBUSTIONPlant ID:SLCOMBComments:SCC:COMMERCL-INSTUTNLNATURAL GAS <10MMBTU/HR10300603Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:COMBUSTNProfile:HEATERCharacteristic ValueUnitDESIGN CAPACITY 5MMBTU/HRFIRING TYPE OTEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:54 SOFT LEAD KETTLE HEATINGUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702673 3668724.3Latitude: Longitude:330818 964938.06Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3FEETHEIGHT40FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP200DEG FVELOCITY0.01FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.0192.1140.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000A.0134.0798.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0057.0342.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001A.0139.0825.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000070400A.25201.5000.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510A.0015.0090.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.000090300A.21171.2600.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 74 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SMELTCLEANEPN:23FIN:SMELTER CENTRAL VACUUMPlant ID:SMELTCLEANComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD FUGITIVE EMISSIONSMELTING FURNACE30400413Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SMELTVACBH SMELTVACBHAbatement Code:301 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),MECHANICAL SHAKING# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:23 SMELTER VAC. STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702520.63 3668628.5Latitude: Longitude:330815 964944Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER0.5FEETHEIGHT20FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP81DEG FVELOCITY65FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000O.28321.5734.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310O.0019.0106.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000O.19831.1014.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024310O.0013.0074.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999O.0855.4752.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 75 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SODBICSILOEPN:51FIN:SODIUM BICARBONATE STORAGE SILO FILTER VENTPlant ID:SODBICSILOComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:0100.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SODBICRBFF SODBICRBFFAbatement Code:17 FABRIC FILTER-MEDIUM TEMPERATURE# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:00 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:51 SODIUM BICARB STRG VENTUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702647.69 3668754.5Latitude: Longitude:330819 964939Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER3.28FEETHEIGHT70FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP96DEG FVELOCITY0.01FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000S.75094.1143.0000.0000PART-U0.000020000S.52562.8800.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999S.22531.2343.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 76 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SOXIDEHMEPN:17FIN:SOUTH OXIDE HAMMERMILLPlant ID:SOXIDEHMComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD SCRAP PRETREATMNTSCRAP CRUSHING30400411Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.004900Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:BHSOXIDEHM BHSOXIDEHMAbatement Code:307 FILTERS-FABRIC(BAGHOUSE),REVERSE AIR FLOW# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:17 SOUTH MILL STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702345.63 3668316.8Latitude: Longitude:330805 964951Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER1FEETHEIGHT55FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP113DEG FVELOCITY46FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000O.0151.9072.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310E.0002.0120.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000E.0107.6434.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999E.0046.2758.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 77 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:SUPPVENTEPN:37FIN:SUPPLEMENTAL VENTILATION SYSTEMPlant ID:SUPPVENTComments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008376Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHERControl Efficiencies:CIN: Name:SUPVENTBH SUPVENTBHAbatement Code:300 FILTERS-FABRIC (BAGHOUSE)# of Units: Annual Operating Hours: % time offline: IM Schedule:1 00CO: TSP:PM10: VOC:0 95 0 0IOC: C1-C3:SO2: NOX:00 0 0C4+: H2S:NH3:00 0Account # - Report Year:Page 78 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:37 SUPPL. VENT BAGHSE. STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702156.56 3668682.5Latitude: Longitude:330817 964958Characteristic ValueUnitDIAMETER5.5FEETHEIGHT75FEETHORDSCHGNMOISTURETEMP100DEG FVELOCITY64FT/SECContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000M20.8587119.5342.0000.0000PART-U0.000014020M.0009.0050.0000.0000ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000014030M.0009.0049.0000.0000ARSENIC - AS7440382.000014110M.0042.0239.0000.0000CADMIUM-CD7440439.000014310M.0419.2400.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000M14.601183.6739.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024020M.0006.0035.0000.0000PM10 ANTIMONY-SB7440360.000024030M.0006.0034.0000.0000PM10 ARSENIC - AS7440382.000024110M.0029.0167.0000.0000PM10 CADMIUM-CD7440439.000024310M.0293.1680.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E6.271935.9424.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.000050001M22.1817127.1158.0000.0000VOC-UNCLASSIFIED0.000052420M.0549.3144.0000.0000BENZENE71-43-2.000052450M.0289.1656.0000.0000ETHYL BENZENE100414.000052480M.1215.6960.0000.0000STYRENE100425.000052490M.28601.6392.0000.0000TOLUENE108883.000052512M.0563.3228.0000.0000META-XYLENE108383.000052514M.0376.2153.0000.0000ORTHO-XYLENE95476.000052516M.0563.3228.0000.0000PARA-XYLENE106423.000054065M.0289.1656.0000.0000METHYL ETHYL KETONE78933.000054070M.0376.2153.0000.0000METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE108101.000055150M.1068.6120.0000.00001,3- BUTADIENE106990.000056600M.0376.2153.0000.0000HEXANE110543.000070200M.46072.6400.0000.0000HYDROGEN CHLORIDE7647010.000070400M1.04706.0000.0000.0000NITROGEN OXIDES0.000070510M34.3416196.8000.0000.0000SULFUR DIOXIDE7446095.0000Profile:STACKAccount # - Report Year:Page 79 of 84RN100218643 - 2009EMISSION POINT INFORMATIONContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS70516M5.486331.4400.0000.0000SULFURIC ACID (VAPOR).000090300M14.239281.6000.0000.0000CARBON MONOXIDE630080.0000Account # - Report Year:Page 80 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:TRAFFIC41EPN:41FIN:FUGITIVES FROM WEST YARDPlant ID:TRAFFIC41Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:41 TRAFFIC WEST FUGITIVEUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702596.44 3668722.5Latitude: Longitude:330818 964941Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT3FEETLENGTH200FEETOFNORTHWIDTH20FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.1072.5873.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310A.1072.5873.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000A.0536.2936.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024310A.0536.2936.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.0643.3524.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 81 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:TRAFFIC42EPN:42FIN:TRAFFIC FUGITIVES FROM SOUTH DRIVEWAYPlant ID:TRAFFIC42Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:42 TRAFFIC SOUTH FUGITIVEUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702168.63 3668097.3Latitude: Longitude:330758 964958Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT3FEETLENGTH200FEETOFNORTHWIDTH20FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.1072.5873.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310A.1072.5873.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000A.0536.2936.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024310A.0536.2936.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.0643.3524.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 82 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:TRAFFIC43EPN:43FIN:TRAFFIC FUGITIVES FROM EAST DRIVEWAYPlant ID:TRAFFIC43Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.008160Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:OTHERProfile:OTHEREMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:43 TRAFFIC EAST FUGITIVEUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702751.31 3668756.5Latitude: Longitude:330819 964935Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT3FEETLENGTH200FEETOFNORTHWIDTH20FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS10000A.1072.5873.0000.0000PART-U0.000014310A.1072.5873.0000.0000LEAD-PB7439921.000020000A.0536.2936.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000024310A.0536.2936.0000.0000PM10 LEAD-PB7439921.000039999E.0643.3524.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 83 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:TRUCKLOAD1EPN:27FIN:WEST TRUCK LOADING FUGITIVESPlant ID:TRUCKLOAD1Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.001560Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:LOADINGProfile:TANK TRUCKEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:27 LOADING FUGITIVESUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702738 3668774Latitude: Longitude:330819.56 964935.5Characteristic ValueUnitDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT15FEETLENGTH3FEETOFNORTHEWIDTH3FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS14315A.0001.0013.0000.0000LEAD OXIDE1317368.000020000A.0000.0006.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0000.0002.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVEAccount # - Report Year:Page 84 of 84RN100218643 - 2009FIN:TRUCKLOAD2EPN:28FIN:EAST TRUCK LOADING FUGITIVESPlant ID:TRUCKLOAD2Comments:SCC:SEC. LEAD NOT CLASSIFIED SEE COMMENT30400499Status:Date:Operating Schedule:hrs/daydays/wkwks/yearA24 7 52Annual Operating Hours:% Max Capacity:Start Time:099.001560Spring %:Summer %:Fall %:Winter %:25 25 25 25Group Type:LOADINGProfile:TANK TRUCKEMISSION POINT INFORMATIONEPN: Name:28 LOADING STACKUTM Zone: UTM East (m): UTM North (m):14 702776.81 3668779Latitude: Longitude:330819.72 964934Characteristic ValueUnitLENGTH3FEETOFNORTHEWIDTH3FEETDEGREES0DEGREESHEIGHT15FEETContaminantCodeDeterminationOzone(lb/day)Annual(ton/yr)Upset(ton/year)Maintenance(ton/year)Contaminant NameCas #EE/SMSS14315A.0002.0052.0000.0000LEAD OXIDE1317368.000020000A.0001.0024.0000.0000PM10 PART-U0.000039999A.0000.0008.0000.0000TOTAL PM2.5 PARTICULATE0.0000Profile:FUGITIVE