SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT


 


This Securities Purchase
Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of February 5, 2014, between Novelos Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware
corporation (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its
successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”).


 


WHEREAS, subject to
the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended
(the “Securities Act”), and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser,
and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described
in this Agreement.


 


NOW, THEREFORE, IN
CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:


 


ARTICLE I.


DEFINITIONS


 


1.1           Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement: (a) capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have
the meanings given to such terms in the Debentures (as defined herein), and (b) the following terms have the meanings set forth
in this Section 1.1:


 


“Acquiring
Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.6.


 


“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).


 


“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common
control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.


 


“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.


 


“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or
any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to
close.


 


“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.


 


“Closing
Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable
parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii)
the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.


 






    	 



    	 



    

 


“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.00001 per share, and any other class of securities into which
such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.


 


“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to
acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument
that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common
Stock.


 


“Company
Counsel” means Foley Hoag LLP with offices located at 155 Seaport Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02210.


 


“Conversion
Price” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Debentures.


 


“Conversion
Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Debentures.


 


“Debentures”
means the 8% Convertible Debentures due, subject to the terms therein, two years from their date of issuance, issued by the Company
to the Purchasers hereunder, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.


 


“Disclosure
Schedules” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1.


 


“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(r).


 


“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Exempt
Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company
pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors
or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose, (b) securities upon the exercise
or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible
into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement (including the Debentures and the Warrants), provided
that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease
the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities, and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or
strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that any such issuance shall
only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or
an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits
in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily
for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.


 






    	2



    	 



    

 


“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.


 


“FDA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(jj).


 


“FDCA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(jj).


 


“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).


 


“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).


 


“Legend
Removal Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c).


 


“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.


 


“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).


 


“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).


 


“Maximum
Rate” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 5.17.


 


“Participation
Maximum” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(a).


 


“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.


 


“Pharmaceutical
Product” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(jj).


 


“Pre-Notice”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(b).


 


“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial
proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.


 






    	3



    	 



    

 


“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.9.


 


“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).


 


“Rule
144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time
to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.


 


“Rule
424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose
and effect as such Rule.


 


 


“SEC
Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Securities”
means the Debentures, the Warrants, and the Underlying Shares.


 


“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Short
Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall
not be deemed to include the location and/or reservation of borrowable shares of Common Stock). 


 


“Subscription
Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Debentures and Warrants purchased hereunder
as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription
Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.


 


“Subsequent
Financing” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(a).


 


“Subsequent
Financing Notice” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(b).


 


“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a) and shall, where applicable, also include any direct
or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.


 


“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.


 


“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on
the date in question: the NYSE MKT, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New
York Stock Exchange, the OTC Bulletin Board or any other over-the-counter market on which the Company is listed or quoted for trading
(or any successors to any of the foregoing).


 






    	4



    	 



    

 


“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, the Debentures, the Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any
other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.


 


“Transfer
Agent” means American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address
of 59 Maiden Lane, New York, NY 10038, and a facsimile number of (781) 765-8718, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.


 


“Underlying
Shares” means (i) the Conversion Shares, (ii) the shares of Common Stock issued and issuable upon redemption of the Debentures
and issued and issuable in lieu of the cash payment of interest on the Debentures in accordance with the terms of the Debentures,
and (iii) the Warrant Shares.


 


“Warrants”
means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a)
hereof, which Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five years, in the form of Exhibit B
attached hereto.


 


“Warrant
Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.


 


ARTICLE II.


PURCHASE AND SALE


 


2.1           Closing.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution
and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly,
agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $4,500,000 in principal amount of the Debentures. Each Purchaser shall deliver to an account
designated by the Company in writing, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription
Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser, and the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its
respective Debenture and a Warrant, as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver
the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth
in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of Company Counsel or such other location as the parties shall
mutually agree.


 


2.2           Deliveries.


 


(a)           On
or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:


 


(i)             this Agreement duly executed by the Company;


 






    	5



    	 



    

 


(ii)            a legal
opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in the form of Exhibit C attached hereto;


 


(iii)           a
Debenture with a principal amount equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, registered in the name of such Purchaser;
and


 


(iv)           a
Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of such Purchaser’s
Conversion Shares on the Closing Date, with an exercise price equal to $1.00, subject to adjustment
therein (such Warrant certificate may be delivered within three Trading Days of the Closing Date).


 


(b)           On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, as applicable, the following:


 


(i)            this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and


 


(ii)           such
Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account specified by the Company in writing.


 


2.3           Closing Conditions.


 


(a)           The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:


 


(i)           the
accuracy in all material respects on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);


 


(ii)           all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been
performed; and


 


(iii)           the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.


 


(b)           The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being
met:


 


(i)           the
accuracy in all material respects when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained
herein (unless as of a specific date therein);


 


(ii)           all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;


 


(iii)           the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;


 






    	6



    	 



    

 


(iv)           there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and


 


(v)           from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P.
shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported
by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New
York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international
calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the
reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.


 


ARTICLE III.


REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES


 


3.1           Representations
and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules and the SEC Reports (as defined below), which
Disclosure Schedules and SEC Reports shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein,
the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser; such Disclosure Schedules to be arranged
in sections or subsections corresponding to and qualifying the sections and subsections of this Article III and any other sections
or subsections of this Article III to which the application of such disclosure is reasonably apparent:


 


(a)           Subsidiaries.
All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a). The Company owns, directly
or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the
issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free
of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references
to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.


 


(b)           Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power
and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation,
bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business
and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted
or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as
the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity
or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects
or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect
on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document
(any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction
revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.


 






    	7



    	 



    

 


(c)           Authorization;
Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder.
The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by
it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company
and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection herewith
or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which
it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the
terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance
with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating
to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification
and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.


 


(d)           No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to
which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby
and thereby do not and will not: (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate
or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default
(or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any
of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration
or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing
a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which
any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict
with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court
or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations),
or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii)
and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 






    	8



    	 



    

 


(e)           Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice
to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other
Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i)
the filings required pursuant to Section 4.5 of this Agreement, (ii) the notice and/or application(s) to each applicable Trading
Market for the issuance and sale of the Securities and the listing of the Underlying Shares for trading thereon in the time and
manner required thereby, and (iii) the filing of Form D with the Commission and such filings as are required to be made under applicable
state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).


 


(f)           Issuance
of the Securities. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction
Documents, will be duly and validly issued, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions on transfer
provided for in the Transaction Documents. The Underlying Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents,
will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company other than restrictions
on transfer provided for in the Transaction Documents.


 


(g)           Capitalization.
The capitalization of the Company is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), which Schedule 3.1(g) shall also include the
number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof. The Company
has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the
exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees
pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents
outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first
refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the
Transaction Documents. Except as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities, there are no outstanding options, warrants,
scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire any shares of Common
Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound
to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate
the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in
a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities.
All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable,
have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation
of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any
stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders
agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company
is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.


 






    	9



    	 



    

 


(h)           SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required
to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof,
for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such
material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively
referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of
filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC
Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and
none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with
applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time
of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles
applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in
such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required
by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as
of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited
statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.


 


(i)           Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included
within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof: (i) there has
been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect,
(ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses
incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the
Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not
altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property
to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v)
the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock
option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except
for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no event, liability,
fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to
the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, properties, operations, assets or financial condition, that would
be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made
that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.


 






    	10



    	 



    

 


(j)           Litigation.
There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator,
governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”)
which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities
or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim
of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been,
and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company
or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending
the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities
Act.


 


(k)           Labor
Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of
the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’
employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe
that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or
any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure
or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant
in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance
with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and
conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 






    	11



    	 



    

 


(l)           Compliance.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been
waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the
Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture,
loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is
bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any
court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation
of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental
protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as
could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(m)           Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal,
state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports,
except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material
Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation
or modification of any Material Permit.


 


(n)           Title
to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them
and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries,
in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not
materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens
for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP
and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by
the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the
Subsidiaries are in compliance.


 


(o)           Intellectual
Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark
applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights
and similar rights as described in the SEC Reports as necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses
and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”).
None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual
Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2)
years from the date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited
financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual
Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have
a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is
no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken
reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except
where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 






    	12



    	 



    

 


(p)           Insurance.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and
in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when
such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without
a significant increase in cost.


 


(q)           Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or
any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party
to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including
any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or
personal property to or from providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to, or otherwise requiring payments
to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director,
or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case
in excess of $120,000 other than for: (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses
incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan
of the Company.


 


(r)           Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated
by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries
maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed
in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted
only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is
compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The
Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized
and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers
have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of
the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”).
The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers
about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the
Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange
Act) that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting
of the Company and its Subsidiaries.


 






    	13



    	 



    

 


(s)           Certain
Fees. No brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiaries to any broker,
financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to
any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection
with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.


 


(t)           Private
Placement. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, no registration
under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Securities by the Company to the Purchasers as contemplated
hereby. The issuance and sale of the Securities hereunder does not contravene the rules and regulations of the Trading Market.


 


(u)           Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will
not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as
amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject
to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


 


(v)           Registration
Rights. No Person has any right to cause the Company to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities
of the Company or any Subsidiaries.


 


(w)           Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading
Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing
or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable
future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible
for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current
in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such
electronic transfer.


 






    	14



    	 



    

 


(x)           Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render
inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement)
or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents)
or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and
the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation
as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.


 


(y)           Disclosure.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company
confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel
with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information. The Company understands
and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.
All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their
respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and
correct in all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact
necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions
contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.


 


(z)           No
Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2,
neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made
any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering
of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of (i) the Securities Act which would require
the registration of any such securities under the Securities Act, or (ii) any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any
Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated. 


 






    	15



    	 



    

 


(aa)           Solvency.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the
Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds
the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature and (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to
carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular
capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability
thereof.  The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account
the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt).  The Company has no knowledge of any facts or
circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization
laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date (it being understood that the Company may require additional capital
to continue its operations during such period).  Schedule 3.1(aa) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding
secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. 
For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in
excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements
and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the
Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for
deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments
in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.


 


(bb)           Tax
Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in
a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local
income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject,
(ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due
on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of
all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid
taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or
of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.


 


(cc)           No
General Solicitation. Neither the Company nor any person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold any of the Securities
by any form of general solicitation or general advertising. The Company has offered the Securities for sale only to the Purchasers
and certain other “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act.


 


(dd)           Foreign
Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent
or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has: (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any
unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns
from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person
acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision
of FCPA.


 






    	16



    	 



    

 


(ee)           Accountants.
The Company’s accounting firm is set forth on Schedule 3.1(ee) of the Disclosure Schedules. To the knowledge and belief
of the Company, such accounting firm: (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall
express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal
year ending December 31, 2013.


 


(ff)           Seniority.
As of the Closing Date, no Indebtedness or other claim against the Company is senior to the Debentures in right of payment, whether
with respect to interest or upon liquidation or dissolution, or otherwise, other than indebtedness secured by purchase money security
interests (which is senior only as to underlying assets covered thereby) and capital lease obligations (which is senior only as
to the property covered thereby).


 


(gg)           Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting
solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated
thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in
any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given
by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to
each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based
solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.


 


(hh)           Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding
(except for Sections 3.2(g) and 4.13 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers
has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short,
securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities
for any specified term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without
limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement
transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities, (iii) any Purchaser, and
counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, may presently
have a “short” position in the Common Stock and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with
or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands
and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities
are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Underlying Shares deliverable with respect
to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders'
equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.  The Company acknowledges
that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.


 






    	17



    	 



    

 


(ii)           Regulation
M Compliance.  The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly,
any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of,
any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company.


 


(jj)           FDA.
As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is manufactured, packaged,
labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical
Product”), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed
by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration,
investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices,
good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the
failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge,
threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint,
or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received
any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket
clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing
of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall,
suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any
Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
(iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent
decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws,
rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have
a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material
respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA.  The Company has not been informed by the
FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed,
produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product
being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.


 






    	18



    	 



    

 


(kk)           Stock
Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance
with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value
of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted
under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has
been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock
options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their
financial results or prospects.


 


(ll)           Office
of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent,
employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of
Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).


 


(mm)         U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the
meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s
request.


 


(nn)          Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act
of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
“Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly
or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or
more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank
or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.


 


(oo)          Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with
applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970,
as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money
Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body
or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge
of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.


 






    	19



    	 



    

 


(rr)           No
Disqualification Events. With respect to the Securities to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the
Securities Act, none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer
of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding
voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under
the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an "Issuer Covered Person"
and, together, "Issuer Covered Persons") is subject to any of the "Bad Actor" disqualifications described in
Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a "Disqualification Event"), except for a Disqualification Event
covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is
subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under
Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Purchasers a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.


 


(ss)           Other
Covered Persons. The Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid
(directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Regulation D Securities.


 


(tt)           Notice
of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify the Purchasers in writing, prior to the Closing Date of (i) any Disqualification
Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, become a Disqualification
Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person.


 


3.2           Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as
of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein):


 


(a)           Organization;
Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability
company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents
and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and
performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction
Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with
the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance
with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium
and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating
to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification
and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.


 






    	20



    	 



    

 


(b)           Own
Account. Such Purchaser understands that the Securities are “restricted securities” and have not been registered
under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account
and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Securities or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act
or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Securities in violation of the Securities
Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to
distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities
law. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.


 


(c)           Purchaser
Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on
which it exercises any Warrants or converts any Debentures it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined
in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer”
as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.


 


(d)           Experience
of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and
experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment
in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk
of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.


 


(e)           General
Solicitation. Such Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication
regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented
at any seminar or any other general solicitation or general advertisement.


 


(f)           Access
to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including
all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has
deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering
of the Shares and the merits and risks of investing in the Shares; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial
condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment;
and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable
effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. 


 






    	21



    	 



    

 


(g)           Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not directly
or indirectly, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, executed any purchases
or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser
first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material
terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions
of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio
managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect
to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered
by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all
disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding
the foregoing, for avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any
actions, with respect to the identification of the availability of, or securing of, available shares to borrow in order to effect
Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 


(h)           Such
Purchaser hereby represents that neither it nor any of its Rule 506(d) Related Parties is a “bad actor” within the
meaning of 506(d) promulgated under the Securities Act. For purposes of this Agreement, “Rule 506(d) Related Party”
shall mean a person or entity covered by the “Bad Actor disqualification” provision of Rule 506(d) of the Securities
Act.


 


The Company acknowledges and agrees that
the representations contained in Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s
representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction
Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of
the transaction contemplated hereby.


 


ARTICLE IV.


OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES


 


4.1           Transfer
Restrictions.


 


(a)           The
Securities may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Securities
other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of a Purchaser or in
connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company
an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion
shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred
Securities under the Securities Act.


 






    	22



    	 



    

 


(b)           The
Purchasers agree to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Securities in the following
form:


 


NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE
SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE OR INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS CONVERTIBLE HAS BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES
ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN
EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT
TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AS EVIDENCED BY
A LEGAL OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE TRANSFEROR TO SUCH EFFECT, THE SUBSTANCE OF WHICH SHALL BE REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY.
THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OR CONVERSION OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA
FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR”
AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.


 


The Company
acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered
broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Securities to a financial institution that is an “accredited
investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and who agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement
and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Securities to the pledgees
or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel
of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such
pledge. At the appropriate Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee
or secured party of Securities may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Securities.


 


(c)           Certificates
evidencing the Underlying Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) hereof): (i) while
a registration statement covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, (ii) following any sale of
such Underlying Shares pursuant to Rule 144, or (iii) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities
Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission). The Company agrees that at such
time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 4.1(c), it will, no later than three Trading Days following the delivery
by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Underlying Shares, as applicable, issued with
a restrictive legend (such third Trading Day, the “Legend Removal Date”), deliver or cause to be delivered to
such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company may not
make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth
in this Section 4. Certificates for Underlying Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer
Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System
as directed by such Purchaser.


 






    	23



    	 



    

 


(d)           Each
Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, agrees with the Company that such Purchaser will sell any Securities
pursuant to either the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements,
or an exemption therefrom, and acknowledges that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates representing Securities
as set forth in this Section 4.1 is predicated upon the Company’s reliance upon this understanding.


 


4.2           Acknowledgment
of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution of the outstanding shares
of Common Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations
under the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Underlying Shares pursuant to the Transaction
Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless
of the effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against any Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect
that such issuance may have on the ownership of the other stockholders of the Company.


 


4.3           Integration.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined
in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require
the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Securities or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the
Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior
to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.


 


4.4           Conversion
and Exercise Procedures. Each of the form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants and the form of Notice of Conversion
included in the Debentures set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the
Warrants or convert the Debentures. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise or Notice of Conversion
shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise or
Notice of Conversion form be required in order to exercise the Warrants or convert the Debenture. No additional legal opinion,
other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants or convert their Debentures. The
Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and conversions of the Debentures and shall deliver Underlying Shares in accordance
with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.


 






    	24



    	 



    

 


4.5           Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following
the date hereof, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current
Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the
Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly
disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or
any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the
transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make
any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without
the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be
withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the
other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly
disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency
or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except: (a) as required by federal securities law in connection
with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or
Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted
under this clause (b).


 


4.6           Shareholder
Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any
Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including
any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company,
or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities
under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.


 


4.7           Non-Public
Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf, will provide any Purchaser or its
agents or counsel with any information that the Company believes constitutes material non-public information, unless prior thereto
such Purchaser shall have entered into a written agreement with the Company regarding the confidentiality and use of such information.
The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in
securities of the Company.


 


4.8           Use of Proceeds.
Except as set forth on Schedule 4.8 attached hereto, the Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities
hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s
debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices), (b) for
the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, or (c) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.


 






    	25



    	 



    

 


4.9           Indemnification
of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.9, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors,
officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a
Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within
the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders,
agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles
notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”)
harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments,
amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser
Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or
agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the
Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not
an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless
such action is based upon a breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction
Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such
Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which constitutes fraud, gross negligence,
willful misconduct or malfeasance). If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may
be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall
have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any
Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but
the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment
thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time
to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material
conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the
Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not
be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s
prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a
loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties,
covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification
required by this Section 4.9 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or
defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any
cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject
to pursuant to law.


 


4.10           Reservation
and Listing of Securities.


 


(a)           The
Company shall maintain a reserve from its duly authorized shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Transaction Documents
in such amount as may then be required to fulfill its obligations in full under the Transaction Documents.


 






    	26



    	 



    

 


(b)           The
Company shall, if applicable: (i) take all commercially reasonable steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved
for listing or quotation on such Trading Market as soon as practicable thereafter, (ii) provide to the Purchasers evidence of such
listing or quotation and (iii) maintain the listing or quotation of such Common Stock on such date on such Trading Market or another
Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository
Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository
Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.


 


4.11           Participation
in Future Financing.


 


(a)           From
the date hereof until the date that is the second anniversary of the Closing Date or the date on which no Debentures remain outstanding,
whichever comes first, upon any issuance by the Company of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents for cash consideration, Indebtedness
or a combination of units hereof (a “Subsequent Financing”), each Purchaser shall have the right to participate
in up to an amount of the Subsequent Financing equal to the then outstanding principal, interest and other amounts due under such
Purchaser’s Debenture (the “Participation Maximum”) on the same terms, conditions and price provided for
in the Subsequent Financing.


 


(b)           At
least five (5) Trading Days prior to the closing of the Subsequent Financing, the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser a written
notice of its intention to effect a Subsequent Financing (“Pre-Notice”), which Pre-Notice shall ask such Purchaser
if it wants to review the details of such financing (such additional notice, a “Subsequent Financing Notice”).
Upon the request of a Purchaser, and only upon a request by such Purchaser, for a Subsequent Financing Notice, the Company shall
promptly, but no later than one (1) Trading Day after such request, deliver a Subsequent Financing Notice to such Purchaser. The
Subsequent Financing Notice shall describe in reasonable detail the proposed terms of such Subsequent Financing, the amount of
proceeds intended to be raised thereunder and the Person or Persons through or with whom such Subsequent Financing is proposed
to be effected and shall include a term sheet or similar document relating thereto as an attachment.


 


(c)           Any
Purchaser desiring to participate in such Subsequent Financing must provide written notice to the Company by not later than 5:30
p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th) Trading Day after all of the Purchasers have received the Pre-Notice that
such Purchaser is willing to participate in the Subsequent Financing, the amount of such Purchaser’s participation, and representing
and warranting that such Purchaser has such funds ready, willing, and available for investment on the terms set forth in the Subsequent
Financing Notice. If the Company receives no such notice from a Purchaser as of such fifth (5th) Trading Day, such Purchaser
shall be deemed to have notified the Company that it does not elect to participate.


 






    	27



    	 



    

 


(d)           If
by 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on the fifth (5th ) Trading Day after all of the Purchasers have received the Pre-Notice,
notifications by the Purchasers of their willingness to participate in the Subsequent Financing (or to cause their designees to
participate) is, in the aggregate, less than the total amount of the Subsequent Financing, then the Company may effect the remaining
portion of such Subsequent Financing on the terms and with the Persons set forth in the Subsequent Financing Notice.


 


(e)           Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance.


 


4.12           Equal Treatment
of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person
to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered
to all of the parties to this Agreement. Further, the Company shall not make any payment of principal or interest on the Debentures
in amounts which are disproportionate to the respective principal amounts outstanding on the Debentures at any applicable time.
For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated
separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed
as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.


 


4.13           Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither
it, nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including
Short Sales, of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending
at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.5.  Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such
time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.5, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and
the information included in the Transaction Documents and the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and notwithstanding
anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes
any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company
after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press
release as described in Section 4.5, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any
securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.5 and (iii) no Purchaser
shall have any duty of confidentiality to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described
in Section 4.5.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby
separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct
knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets,
the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made
the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.


 






    	28



    	 



    

 


4.14           Form D;
Blue Sky Filings. The Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Securities as required under Regulation D
and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of any Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall
reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the Securities for, sale to the Purchasers
at the Closing under applicable securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the states of the United States, and shall provide
evidence of such actions promptly upon request of any Purchaser.


 


ARTICLE V.


MISCELLANEOUS


 


5.1           Termination. 
This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect
whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing
has not been consummated on or before February 15, 2014; provided, however, that such termination will not affect
the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).


 


5.2           Fees and
Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses
of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the
negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees
(including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and
any conversion or exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the
delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.


 


5.3           Entire Agreement.
The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with
respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect
to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.


 


5.4           Notices.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City
time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via
facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later
than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing,
if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is
required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.


 






    	29



    	 



    

 


5.5           Amendments;
Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed,
in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding
and held by Purchasers or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought.
No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing
waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof,
nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.


 


5.6           Headings.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect
any of the provisions hereof.


 


5.7           Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted
assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of
each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to
whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect
to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”


 


5.8           No Third-Party
Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted
assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth
in Section 4.9 and this Section 5.8.


 


5.9           Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall
be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the
principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement
and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party
hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced
exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive
jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any
dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect
to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action
or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding
is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and
consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail
or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement
and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein
shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence
an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the
Company under Section 4.9, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its
reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such
action or proceeding.


 






    	30



    	 



    

 


5.10           Survival.
The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.


 


5.11           Execution.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same
agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being
understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission
or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the
party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf”
signature page were an original thereof.


 


5.12           Severability.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full
force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated
by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that
they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be
hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.


 


5.13           Rescission
and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of)
any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction
Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser
may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand
or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that in the
case of a rescission of a conversion of a Debenture or exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return
any shares of Common Stock subject to any such rescinded conversion or exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser
of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire
such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such
restored right).


 


5.14           Replacement
of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company
shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or
in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall
also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.


 






    	31



    	 



    

 


5.15           Remedies.
In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of
the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that
monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the
Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation
the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.


 


5.16           Payment
Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document
or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or
exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from,
disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person
under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action),
then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived
and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.


 


5.17           Usury.
To the extent it may lawfully do so, the Company hereby agrees not to insist upon or plead or in any manner whatsoever claim, and
will resist any and all efforts to be compelled to take the benefit or advantage of, usury laws wherever enacted, now or at any
time hereafter in force, in connection with any claim, action or proceeding that may be brought by any Purchaser in order to enforce
any right or remedy under any Transaction Document. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in any Transaction
Document, it is expressly agreed and provided that the total liability of the Company under the Transaction Documents for payments
in the nature of interest shall not exceed the maximum lawful rate authorized under applicable law (the “Maximum Rate”),
and, without limiting the foregoing, in no event shall any rate of interest or default interest, or both of them, when aggregated
with any other sums in the nature of interest that the Company may be obligated to pay under the Transaction Documents exceed such
Maximum Rate. It is agreed that if the maximum contract rate of interest allowed by law and applicable to the Transaction Documents
is increased or decreased by statute or any official governmental action subsequent to the date hereof, the new maximum contract
rate of interest allowed by law will be the Maximum Rate applicable to the Transaction Documents from the effective date thereof
forward, unless such application is precluded by applicable law. If under any circumstances whatsoever, interest in excess of the
Maximum Rate is paid by the Company to any Purchaser with respect to indebtedness evidenced by the Transaction Documents, such
excess shall be applied by such Purchaser to the unpaid principal balance of any such indebtedness or be refunded to the Company,
the manner of handling such excess to be at such Purchaser’s election.


 






    	32



    	 



    

 


5.18           Independent
Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several
and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance
or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any
other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the
Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers
are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights, including, without limitation, the
rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser
to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate
legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents.


 


5.19           Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc.  If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required
or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding
Business Day.


 


5.20           Construction.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction
Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting
party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and
every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse
and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after
the date of this Agreement.


 


5.21           WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES
EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY
AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. 


 


 


 


(Signature Pages Follow)


 




    	33



    	 



    

 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories
as of the date first indicated above.


 


	
        novelos therapeutics,
        inc.

         

         
	Address for Notice:
	
        By: /s/ Joanne M. Protano

        Name: Joanne M. Protano

        Title: Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

         

        With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
	
        3301 Agriculture Drive

        Madison, WI 53716 

        Fax: (608) 441-8121

	
         

        Paul Bork, Esq.

        Foley Hoag LLP

        155 Seaport Blvd

        17th Floor

        Boston, MA 02210

         

         
	 


 


[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK


SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]


 




    	34



    	 



    

[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: Greenway Properties,
Inc. 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Jeff Straubel


Name of Authorized Signatory: Jeff Straubel


Title of Authorized Signatory: President/Owner


 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $1,316,250


 


Warrant Shares: 2,632,500


 


 


 


 


[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]


 


 




    	35



    	 



    

[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: Hertzberg Family
Trust Dated June 4, 1996. 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Richard H. Hertzberg


Name of Authorized Signatory: Richard
H. Hertzberg


Title of Authorized Signatory: Trustee



 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $1,316,250


 


Warrant Shares: 2,632,500




 



    	36



    	 



    

 


[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: Venture Investors
Early Stage Fund IV Limited Partnership 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ John Neis


Name of Authorized Signatory: John Neis


Title of Authorized Signatory: Managing
Director, VIESF IV GP LLC, its General Partner


 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $500,000


 


Warrant Shares: 1,000,000

 


 


 


 



    	37



    	 



    

 


[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: Enso Ventures 2 Limited



Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Michael Kupenga /s/ Michael Underdown


Name of Authorized Signatory: Michael
Kupenga Michael Underdown


Title of Authorized Signatory: Authorized
Signatories of Interlock Director Ltd, as director of Enso Ventures 2 Limited


 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: USD350,000 (Three Hundred and Fifty
Thousand United States Dollars)


 


Warrant Shares: 700,000


 


 


 


 


    	38



    	 



    

 


[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: WIP – Novelos
LLC 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Andy Shrago


Name of Authorized Signatory: Andy Shrago


Title of Authorized Signatory: Co-Manager



 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $167,500


 


Warrant Shares: 335,000

 


 


 


 



    	39



    	 



    

 


[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: MIG Commercial Real
Estate, LLC 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Bradley L. Hutter


Name of Authorized Signatory: Bradley
L. Hutter


Title of Authorized Signatory: Authorized
Member, President and CEO 


 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $100,000


 


Warrant Shares: 200,000




 


 



    	40



    	 



    




 


[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: Marc Vaccaro. 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Marc Vaccaro


Name of Authorized Signatory: Marc Vaccaro


Title of Authorized Signatory: Self


 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $100,000


 


Warrant Shares: 200,000

 


 


 


 



    	41



    	 



    

 


[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: Dean S. Woodman 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Dean S. Woodman 


Name of Authorized Signatory: Dean S.
Woodman 


Title of Authorized Signatory: Self


 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $100,000


 


Warrant Shares: 200,000

 


 


 


 



    	42



    	 



    

 


[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO NVLT SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as
of the date first indicated above.


 


Name of Purchaser: Scheinberg Family
Trust 


Signature of Authorized Signatory of
Purchaser: /s/ Robert Scheinberg


Name of Authorized Signatory: Robert
Scheinberg


Title of Authorized Signatory: Trustee


 


 


 


 


Subscription Amount: $50,000


 


Warrant Shares: 100,000


 


 


 


 


    	43



    	 



    

 


Exhibit A


Form of 8% Convertible Debenture


 


[See Exhibit 4.1 to this Form 8-K]


 


 


 


 


 


 


 




    	44



    	 



    

 


Exhibit B


Form of Common Stock Purchase Warrant


 


[See Exhibit 4.2 to this Form 8-K]


 


 


 


 


 




    	45



    	 



    

 


Exhibit C – Form of Legal Opinion


	February __, 2014 	 	
        Seaport West

        155 Seaport Boulevard

        Boston, MA 02210-2600

         

        617 832 1000 main

        617 832 7000 fax

	 	 	 


 


 


	
        To the Recipients listed

        on Schedule A hereto

         
	 


 


		Re:	Securities Purchase Agreement



 


 


Ladies and Gentlemen:


 


We have acted as counsel for Novelos Therapeutics,
Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the execution and delivery of the Securities Purchase
Agreement by and between the Company and the Purchasers party thereto of even date herewith (the “Agreement”). All
terms used herein have the meanings defined for them in the Agreement unless otherwise defined herein.


 


This opinion is furnished to you in connection
with the Closing of the issuance and sale of (i) up to an aggregate of $4,500,000.00 in principal amount of 8% convertible debentures
due two years from their date of issuance (the “Debentures”), convertible into shares of common stock, $0.00001 par
value per share, of the Corporation (“Common Stock”) at a per share price of $0.50, and (ii) warrants to purchase up
to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of the shares initially issuable upon conversion of the Debentures at an exercise
price of $1.00 per share, with an expiration date on the five-year anniversary of the date of issuance (the “Warrants”).
The shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Debentures or exercise of the Warrants are referred to herein as the
“Underlying Shares.”


 


The opinions expressed herein are subject
to the following assumptions, limitations, qualifications and exceptions:


 


(a)           We have made such legal and factual examinations
and inquiries as we have deemed advisable or necessary for the purpose of rendering this opinion. We have relied as to factual
matters on the representations and warranties contained in the Agreement and the related agreements and documents delivered in
connection with the Closing by the Company. We have assumed the completeness and accuracy of all factual matters described in such
representations and warranties and have not made any independent review or investigation of factual matters in connection with
the preparation of this opinion.


 






    	46



    	 



    

 


(b)           In rendering the opinions expressed below,
we have examined originals or copies of: (i) the Agreement, (ii) the Debentures, (iii) the Warrants, (iv) the Company’s Certificate
of Incorporation, as amended through the date hereof (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and (v) the Company’s
By-laws, as in effect on the date hereof (the “By-laws”), and we have examined, among other things, originals or copies
of such corporate records of the Company, certificates of public officials and such other documents and questions of law that we
consider necessary or advisable for the purpose of rendering this opinion. In such examination we have assumed the genuineness
of all signatures or original documents, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity
to original documents of all copies submitted to us as copies thereof, the legal capacity of natural persons, and the due execution
and delivery of all documents (except as to due execution and delivery by the Company) where due execution and delivery are a prerequisite
to the effectiveness thereof.


 


(c)            For purposes of this opinion, we have assumed
that you have all requisite power and authority, and have taken any and all necessary corporate action, to execute and deliver
the Agreement, and that the representations and warranties made by the Purchasers in the Agreement and pursuant thereto were true
and correct on the date of the Agreement and are true and correct as of the date hereof.


 


(d)           Our opinion is based upon our knowledge of
the facts as of the date hereof and assumes no event will take place in the future which would affect the opinions set forth herein
other than future events contemplated by the Agreement. We assume no duty to communicate with you with respect to any change in
law or facts which comes to our attention hereafter.


 


(e)           In rendering the opinion in paragraph 1 below
with respect to legal existence and good standing of the Company in the State of Delaware, we have relied solely upon a certificate
of the Secretary of State of Delaware and we express such opinion as of the date of such certificate. In rendering the opinion
in paragraph 1 below with respect to the qualification and good standing of the Company in The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, we
have relied solely upon a certificate of the Secretary of State of Massachusetts and we express such opinion as of the date of
such certificate. We express no opinion as to the tax good standing of the Company in any jurisdiction.


 


(f)           In rendering the opinion in paragraph 4 below,
we assume that sufficient authorized but unissued and otherwise unreserved shares of Common Stock will be available at the time
of conversion of the Debentures or exercise of the Warrants to satisfy such conversion or exercise, as the case may be.


 


We have made such examination of Massachusetts
law, United States federal law, and the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) as we have deemed necessary for
the purpose of this opinion. In rendering opinions concerning the DGCL, we have, with your consent, relied exclusively upon a review
of published statutes. We express no opinion herein as to the laws of any jurisdiction other than The Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
the federal laws of the United States of America and the DGCL.


 






    	47



    	 



    

 


We express no opinion
herein with respect to compliance by the Company with state securities or “blue sky” laws, or with any state or United
States federal securities antifraud laws. For purposes of our opinion expressed in paragraph 7 below, we have assumed that in connection
with the offer and sale of the Debentures and Warrants, neither the Company nor any person or entity acting on its behalf has engaged
in any form of “general solicitation or general advertising” within the meaning contemplated by Rule 502(c) of Regulation
D promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
Also for purposes of rendering our opinion expressed in paragraph 7 below, we have assumed, without any independent inquiry, that
neither the Company nor any other person or entity identified in Rule 506(d)(1) of Regulation D has suffered any event which would
trigger a disqualification of the issuance of the Debentures, the Warrants or the Underlying Shares from the exemption from registration
under the Securities Act for any such event occurring on and after September 23, 2013 pursuant to said Rule 506(d) and that the
Company has disclosed to the Purchasers any such disqualifying event occurring before September 23, 2013. We note that the Agreement,
the Debentures and the Warrants purport to be governed by the laws of the State of New York. To the extent that any of the opinions
expressed herein relate to or may require application of any law of the State of New York, we have assumed, with your permission,
that the applicable New York law is substantively the same in all material respects as Massachusetts law.


 


The opinions expressed herein are qualified
to the extent that (1) the enforceability of any provisions of the Agreement or any instrument delivered or any right granted thereunder,
including the Debentures and Warrants, may be subject to or affected by any bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, fraudulent
conveyance, moratorium or other similar law of general application relating to or affecting the rights or remedies of creditors
generally, which law may be in effect from time to time; (2) the remedy of specific performance or any other equitable remedy may
be unavailable or may be withheld as a matter of judicial discretion; (3) equitable principles and principles of public policy
may be applied in construing or enforcing the provisions of the Agreement or of any other agreement, instrument or document; and
(4) the enforceability, validity or binding effect of any remedial provision of the Agreement may be limited by applicable law
which may limit particular rights and remedies. In addition, the opinions expressed herein are subject to the qualification that
the enforcement of any of your rights is in all cases subject to your implied duty of good faith and fair dealing.


 


We express no opinion herein as to the validity
or enforceability of any provision of the Agreement or any other instrument or document including the Warrants to the extent that
such provision purports to (1) constitute a waiver by the Company of any constitutional right, or of any statutory right except
where advance waiver is expressly permitted by the relevant statute; (2) require the Company to indemnify or to hold harmless you
or any other person or entity from the consequences of any negligent or other wrongful act or omission of you or such other person
or entity; (3) provide for indemnification or contribution by the Company in connection with the Agreement, the transactions contemplated
thereby or otherwise to the extent such indemnification or contribution may be limited by applicable laws or as a matter of public
policy; or (4) constitute a waiver of any right to a hearing on or adjudication of any issue or the right to trial by jury.


 


In connection with the preparation of this
opinion, we have not made any independent review or investigation of any court or agency docket or other litigation papers or of
any judgment, order, decree, ruling or decision of any governmental commission, bureau or other regulatory authority or agency
applying primarily to the Company, nor have we made any independent investigation as to the existence of any actions, suits, investigations
or proceedings, if any, pending or threatened against the Company, any Purchaser or any other person or entity.


 






    	48



    	 



    

 


As used in the opinions expressed throughout,
the phrase “to our knowledge” means the actual knowledge of any of the lawyers within our firm who have worked on the
transactions contemplated by the Agreement, without any special investigation with respect to the matter as to which any such opinion
is so qualified.


 


Based upon and subject to the foregoing,
we are of the opinion that:


 


1.           The Company is
a corporation validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Company has all requisite corporate
power and authority to own and operate its properties and assets and to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed
to be conducted (all as described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2012).
The Company is duly qualified to transact business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.


 


2.           The Company has
all requisite power and authority to (i) execute, deliver and perform the Agreement, the Debentures and the Warrants, (ii) to issue,
sell and deliver the Debentures and the Warrants pursuant to the Agreement, and, upon due conversion of the Debentures or exercise
of the Warrants, the Underlying Shares and (iii) to carry out and perform its obligations under, and to consummate the transactions
contemplated by, the Agreement, the Debentures and the Warrants.


 


3.           All corporate
action on the part of the Company, its directors and its stockholders necessary for the authorization, execution and delivery by
the Company of the Agreement, the Debentures and the Warrants, the authorization, issuance, sale and delivery of the Debentures
and the Warrants pursuant to the Agreement, the issuance and delivery of the Underlying Shares upon due conversion of the Debentures
or exercise of the Warrants and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated by the Agreement, the Debentures
and the Warrants has been duly taken. The Agreement, the Debentures and the Warrants have been duly and validly executed and delivered
by the Company and constitute the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance
with their terms.


 


4.           The authorized
capital stock of the Company consists of 150,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 7,000 shares of Preferred Stock. The Underlying
Shares have been duly and validly authorized and reserved for issuance, and when issued upon the conversion of the Debentures or
exercise of the Warrants in accordance with the terms therein, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and free of
any preemptive or similar rights arising under the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws.


 


5.           The execution,
delivery and performance by the Company of, and the compliance by the Company with the terms of, the Agreement and the issuance,
sale and delivery of the Debentures, the Warrants and the Underlying Shares pursuant to the Agreement do not (a) conflict with
or result in a violation of any provision of law, rule or regulation applicable to the Company or of the Certificate of Incorporation
or By-laws, (b) conflict with any order, writ, judgment or decree specifically naming the Company and known to us or (c) result
in a breach of or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or
result in or permit the termination or modification of, any agreement included as an exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report
on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 under Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities
Act.


 






    	49



    	 



    

 


6.           In connection
with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Agreement, or the offer, sale, issuance or delivery of the Debentures,
the Warrants and the Underlying Shares or the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby, no consent, license, permit,
waiver, approval or authorization of, or designation, declaration, registration or filing with, any Massachusetts or federal governmental
authority or pursuant to the DGCL, is required (other than filings required to be made after the Closing under applicable United
States federal securities laws).


 


7.           Assuming the
accuracy of your representations in Section 3.2 of the Agreement, the offer, issuance and sale of the Debentures and Warrants to
you at the Closing pursuant to the Agreement are, subject to the making of applicable exemptive filings, exempt from registration
under the Securities Act.


 


8.           The Company is
not, and after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Agreement shall not be, an Investment Company within the
meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


 


9.           We are not representing
the Company in any pending litigation in which the Company is a named defendant that challenges the validity or enforceability
of, or seeks to enjoin the performance of, the Agreement, the Debentures or the Warrants.


 


This opinion shall be interpreted in accordance
with the Legal Opinions Principles issued by the Committee on Legal Opinions of the American Bar Association’s Business Law
Section as published in 53 Business Lawyer 831 (May 1998).


 




    	50



    	 



    

 


 


This opinion is furnished to the Purchasers
solely for their benefit in connection with the transactions described above and, except as otherwise expressly set forth herein,
may not be relied upon by any other person or for any other purpose without our prior written consent.


 


 


 


	 	Very truly yours,
	 	 	 
	 	FOLEY HOAG LLP
	 	 	 
	 	 	 
	 	 	 
	 	By:	 	 
	 	 	A Partner


 


 








    	51