HClRemovalinthePresenceofSO2UsingDrySodiumSorbentInjectionYougenKong,MikeWoodSolvayChemicalsInc.Houston,Texas2DrySodiumSorbentInjectionProvenresults-AgainTherecentEPAproposalsforcontrollingHAPs,specificallyHCl,hasraisedquestionsregardingtheefficacyofsodiumDSIsystemstotreathighlevelsofHClinthepresenceofSO2.Seeingtheneedforreliabledata,SolvayChemicals’SOLVAirSolutionsgroupcontractedaseriesofpilotteststomodelcoalfiredpowerplantsusingmoderatesulfurcoalwithhighlevelsofchlorides.Asexpected,sodiumsorbentswereeasilyabletoachievecomplianceevenwiththetightestemissionslimits.3TestatEERC,UniversityofNorthDakotaApilotplantCentralAppalachianCoal(CAPP)TwoPMcontroldevicesESPBaghouseFoursodiumsorbentsandonehydratedlimeFluegasductdiameter:6”Thesmallductsizeallowsexcellentmixingbetweensorbentandfluegas,andconsequentlymayresultinbetterefficienciesthanmaybeexperiencedinfieldapplications.4CAPPCoalAnalyses954–970Chlorine,μg/g11,496HeatValue,Btu/lb11.8511.28Ash8.4810.05Oxygen(Ind)0.780.78Sulfur(%)1.221.22Nitrogen72.6371.63Carbon5.055.04HydrogenUltimateAnalysis,asreceived,%11.8511.29Ash52.2652.16FixedCarbon33.2433.76VolatileMatter2.642.79MoistureSample2Sample1ProximateAnalysis,asreceived,%5SorbentsTrona(S200)d50:30μm,d90:125μmMilledTrona(S250)d50:15μm,d90:60μmMilledSodiumBicarbonate(S350)d50:12μm,d90:40μmFinelyMilledSodiumBicarbonate(S450)d50:7μm,d90:17μmHydratedLimed90:45μm,purity:96.8%6InjectionUpstreamofESP°!ResidenceTime:~2.5seconds7InjectionUpstreamofBaghouse"°!•ResidenceTimeinduct:~1second•BaghousewascleanedbeforeeachrunSorbentPerformanceHClRemoval90.00010.00100.01000.10000.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.4TotalNSR

H C l a t S t a c k ( l b / m m B t u )S200S250S350S450HClRemovalwithSorbentInjectedatESPInletUtilityMACTLimit:0.002BoilerMACTLimit:0.022100.00010.00100.01000.100000.20.40.60.811.21.41.6TotalNSR

H C l a t S t a c k ( l b / m m B t u )S200S250S350HydratedLimeHClRemovalwithSorbentInjectedatBaghouseInletUtilityMACTLimit:0.002BoilerMACTLimit:0.022SorbentPerformanceSomeSO2isunavoidablyremovedcoincidentwiththeremovalofHCl.HigherreactivityratesofHClthanSO2wouldsuggestlowerlevelsofSO2removal12SO2RemovalwithSorbentInjectedatESPInlet00.20.40.60.811.21.41.600.20.40.60.811.21.4TotalNSR

S O 2 a t S t a c k ( l b / m m B t u )S200S250S350S45013SO2RemovalwithSorbentInjectedatBaghouseInlet00.20.40.60.811.21.400.20.40.60.811.21.41.6TotalNSR

S O 2 a t S t a c k ( l b / m m B t u )S200S250S350HydratedLimeSorbentPerformanceCombinedHClandSO2results15HClRemovalvs.SO2Removal-ESP0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%SO2RemovalRate(%)

H C l R e m o v a l R a t e ( % )S200S250S350S45016HClRemovalvs.SO2Removal-Baghouse0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%SO2RemovalRate(%)

H C l R e m o v a l R a t e ( % )S200S250S35017SummaryDrySodiumSorbentInjectionusingtronaorsodiumbicarbonateisacosteffectivewaytomitigateHCl,SO2andSO3.Lowcapitalcost.SmallfootprintShortinstallationtimeCompatiblewithESPandBaghouses.AbletoachievehighremovalratesforHCl(>99%)andSO2(>90%)AbletomeettheHCllimitinboththeproposedUtilityMACT(0.002lb/MMBtu)andtheIndustrialBoilerMACT(0.022lb/MMBtu)Effectiveoverawidetemperaturerange(2750F–15000F)HasbeenimplementedathundredsofsitesintheUnitedStatesandEuropeincludingindustrialsites,wasteincinerators,andcoal-firedpowerplants.