I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

E

MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION 

COMMITTEE 

61st session 

Agenda item 2 

MEPC 61/2/7

25 March 2010

 Original: ENGLISH

HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANISMS IN BALLAST WATER

Application for Final Approval of the OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management System 

Submitted by Norway 

SUMMARY 

Executive summary: This document contains the non-confidential information related 

to the application for Final Approval of the OceanGuardTM Ballast 

Water Management System under the Procedure for approval of 

ballast water management systems that make use of Active 

Substances (G9) adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57). The 

documentation complies with the requirements related to 

assessments for Final Approval. 

Strategic direction: 7.1 

High-level action: 7.1.2 

Planned output: 7.1.2.4 

Action to be taken: Paragraph 5 

Related documents: BWM/CONF/36; MEPC 57/21; MEPC 60/2/8; MEPC 60/2/16 and 

BWM.2/Circ.24 

Introduction

1 The Ballast Water Management Convention (BWM Convention), in its 

regulation D-3.2 provides that ballast water management systems that make use 

of Active Substances to comply with the Convention shall be approved by the Organization. 

2 The "Procedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use 

of Active Substances (G9)" identifies the information that should be included in a proposal for 

approval (MEPC 57/21, annex 1, paragraph 4.2.1) and provisions for risk characterization 

and analysis (MEPC 57/21, annex 1, paragraph 5.3). Section 6 of Procedure (G9) presents 

the evaluation criteria the Organization should apply in evaluation of the information provided 

in the application. 

3 The competent authority in Norway has verified the application dossier and the test 

protocols applied for all tests undertaken and believes it to satisfy the data requirements 

of Procedure (G9) adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57). 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Page 2 

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4 Norway therefore submits the non-confidential part of the manufacturer's dossier, in 

the annex of this document, to the Organization for evaluation according to Procedure (G9). 

The complete dossier will be made available to the experts of the GESAMP-BWWG with the 

understanding of confidential treatment. 

Action requested of the Committee

5 The Committee is invited to consider the proposal for approval and decide as 

appropriate. 

*** 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 1 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

ANNEX 

NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION OF THE OCEANGUARDTM 

BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 

Contents 

ABBREVIATION 

1 SUMMARY OF OCEANGUARDTM BWMS 

2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 

2.1 Introduction 

2.2 System composition 

2.3 OceanGuardTM BWMS principle 

2.4 TRO control principle 

3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHEMICALS 

3.1 Basic information of chemical substances 

3.1.1 Active Substances 

3.1.2 Relevant Chemicals 

3.2 Effects of chemical substances on aquatic organisms 

3.2.1 Acute aquatic toxicity 

3.2.2 Chronic aquatic toxicity 

3.2.3 Endocrine disruption 

3.2.4 Sediment toxicity 

3.2.5 Bioconcentration/Biomagnification 

3.2.6 Food web/Population effects 

3.3 Data on mammalian toxicity 

3.3.1 Acute toxicity 

3.3.2 Effects on skin and eye 

3.3.3 Repeated-dose toxicity and chronic toxicity 

3.3.4 Development and reproductive toxicity 

3.3.5 Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity/Genotoxicity 

3.3.6 Toxicokinetics 

3.4 Data on environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions 

3.4.1 Modes of degradation 

3.4.2 Reaction with organic matter 

3.4.3 Potential physical effects on wildlife and benthic habitats 

3.4.4 Potential residues in seafood 

3.5 Physical and chemical properties for the Active Substances and Preparations and 

treated ballast water 

3.5.1 Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals 

3.5.2 Treated ballast water 

3.5.3 Analytical methods at environmentally relevant concentrations 

4 USE OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE 

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 2 

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6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Screening for persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity 

6.1.1 Persistence 

6.1.2 Bioaccumulation 

6.1.3 Toxicity tests 

6.1.4 Does the Active Substance meet all three criteria for PBT? 

6.2 Evaluation of the treated ballast water 

6.2.1 Introduction of land-based testing 

6.2.2 TRO degradation 

6.2.3 Acute/chronic aquatic toxicity test 

6.2.4 Degradation test of Relevant Chemicals 

6.2.5 Determination of holding time 

6.3 Risk characterization and analysis 

6.3.1 Reaction with organic matter 

6.3.2 Characterization of degradation route and rate 

6.3.3 Prediction of discharge and environmental concentrations 

6.3.4 Assessment of potential for bioaccumulation 

6.3.5 Effects assessment 

6.3.6 Effects on aquatic organisms 

6.3.7 Effects on sediments 

6.3.8 Comparison of effect assessment with discharge toxicity 

7 RISK ASSESSMENT 

7.1 Risk to safety of ship 

7.1.1 Corrosion test 

7.1.2 Fire and explosion 

7.1.3 Storage and handling of the substances 

7.1.4 Contact with, or inhalation of, process products 

7.1.5 Noise 

7.2 Risks to human health 

7.2.1 Exposure scenarios 

7.2.2 Exposure assessment 

7.3 Risks to the aquatic environment 

8 CONCLUSION 

9 APPENDICES CONTAINED IN THE CONFIDENTIAL DOSSIER

APPENDIX 1 Data of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals 

APPENDIX 2 Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario of Ballast Water Treated 

by OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management 

System 

APPENDIX 3 Emission Scenarios Document of Ballast Water Treated by 

OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management System 

APPENDIX 4 Land-based Test Report 

APPENDIX 5 Corrosion Test Report 

APPENDIX 6 Technical Manual of OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management 

System 

APPENDIX 7 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for Full-scale Testing of the 

Ballast Water Management System of Qingdao Headway Marine 

Technology 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 3 

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APPENDIX 8 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 

APPENDIX 9 Shipboard Test Report 

APPENDIX 10 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for Shipboard Test of the 

Ballast Water Management System of Qingdao Headway Marine 

Technology 

ABBREVIATION 

μg/L Microgram per litre 

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry 

BCAA Bromochloroacetic Acid 

BCF Bio-concentration factor 

CAS Chemical Abstracts Service 

DBAA Dibromoacetic Acid 

DBPs Disinfection By-products 

EC50 Half Effective Concentration 

EPI Suite Environmental Estimation Program Interface Suite 

ESIS European chemical Substances Information System 

EUT Electrocatalysis enhanced by Ultrasonic Technology 

HAAs Haloaceticacids 

IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer 

ICSC International Chemical Safety Card 

IMO International Maritime Organization 

ISO International Organization for Standardization 

Koc Sediments-water partition coefficient 

LC50 Half Lethal Concentration 

LD50 Half Lethal Dose 

LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level 

LOEL Lowest Effective Level 

Log Pow Logarithm of octanol/water partition coefficients 

m3

/d Cubic meter per day 

MEPC Maritime Environment Protection Committee 

mg/kg/d Milligram medicines per kilogram weight per day 

mg/L Milligram per litre 

ml Millilitre 

MOS Margin of Safety 

MOS(ref) Margin of Safety (reference) 

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet 

NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level 

NOEC No Observed Effect Concentration 

NTP National Toxicology Program 

OSHA United States Department of Labor 

Occupational Safety & Health Administration 

PEC Predicted Effect Concentration 

PNEC Predicted No Effect Concentration 

ppm Part per million (volume or mass ratio) 

THM Trihalomethanes 

TRO Total residual oxidants 

US EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

WHO World Health Organization 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 4 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

1 SUMMARY OF OCEANGUARDTM BWMS 

Basic application for OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) had been 

submitted to MEPC 60 in August 2009. The associated ballast water treatment technology of 

filter and EUT is applied in the system, and please refer to the details in document 

MEPC 60/2/8 for the test results of pilot testing and introductions of this system. 

In December 2009, the GESAMP-BWWG reviewed the application for Basic Approval of the 

OceanGuardTM BWMS and recommended that Basic Approval be granted to the system. 

OceanGuardTM BWMS is developed and produced by Qingdao Headway Technology Co., 

Ltd. of China. Since 2004, the company had started researching and developing BWMS and 

after the process of constant analysis, assessment and test, pilot testing was successfully 

finished in early 2009, in which small flow rate system is tested. Pilot testing carried out in 

NIVA includes testing with brackish water (3-32 PSU) and seawater (>32 PSU). Pilot testing 

carried out in China includes testing with brackish water (3-32 PSU) and fresh water 

(<3 SU). OceanGuardTM BWMS shows good performance in both testing. 

In the land-based and shipboard testing, complete BWMS including filter, EUT unit and 

control unit, with monitoring and alarm functions in accordance with Guidelines (G8) is 

tested. Flow rate of the systems under testing is 300 m3/h. Land-based testing is proceeded 

in the second half of 2009. Same as pilot testing, tests were all finished at NIVA, in Norway, 

under supervision of CCS and DNV. It is observed in the test report that whether in 

processing effects or operating functions, OceanGuardTM BWMS satisfies with the D-2 

standard and Guidelines (G8). Ecotoxicity test proved that this system has no obvious 

inhibition on all organisms. Through the entire tests, no breakdowns happened. Quality 

guarantee and control process is carried out strictly according to the requirements (see the 

test report in appendix 4 and QAPP in appendix 7). It is observed from the test results that 

the treatment effects of OceanGuardTM BWMS have reached D-2 standard, indicating that 

basically no residues are detected when discharging the ballast water, nor pollutions to the 

marine environment. 

Shipboard testing is in the process, and is expected to be finished by middle of the 

year 2010. The system under test has been loaded with the rated flow capacity of 300 m3/h. 

During the 6-month testing, all the ballasting and deballasting processes will be in 

accordance with the normal operations on board. All the tests are undertaken by Ocean 

University of China, with CCS and DNV taking part in type certification. 

Finished testing includes the following: 

- pilot testing; 

- land-based testing; 

- corrosion testing; and 

- environmental testing. 

Testing in process includes: 

- shipboard testing. 

The functions and key components of OceanGuardTM BWMS are described in the following 

sections. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 5 

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2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 

2.1 Introduction 

OceanGuardTM BWMS is the scientific technological achievement of Qingdao Headway 

Technology Co., Ltd. in China, which has been developed for six years. The system adopts 

the advanced Electrocatalysis enhanced by Ultrasonic Technology (EUT) to achieve the 

ballast water treatment. This method is the advanced oxidation process, which uses 

electrocatalysis and ultrasonic technology, and it can efficiently kill the organisms in ballast 

water. 

This system is easy to operate and maintain, and realizes the bidirectional auto-control in 

short range as well as long range with a friendly man-machine interface to operate. In this 

system, the treatment system uses unit modular structure and the rated flow capacity 

is 300 m3/h. In the ships of small tonnage, it can be installed quickly and conveniently, and 

for ships of big tonnage, multi-unit in paralleling can be used. OceanGuardTM BWMS 

occupies little space and can be easily installed on existing vessels with limited space. 

OceanGuardTM BWMS will not possibly make chemical hazard or noise effects on the 

surrounding staff. The system is generating Active Substances online, which makes it 

unnecessary to buy or store chemicals on board; it is not only just economical but also safe 

for the staff. Thus, this system is safe, reliable and economically useful. Concentration of the 

Active Substances produced by the system is low with a fast degradation speed, so they can 

not affect the environment after discharge. For its low energy consumption, this system 

conforms to the energy-saving and environmentally friendly requirements. 

2.2 System composition 

OceanGuardTM BWMS mainly consists of filter, EUT unit, control unit and sensors, and the 

rated flow capacity of the minimum unit is 300 m3

/h. 

Figure 2.1: OceanGuardTM BWMS system diagram 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 6 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Control unit 

Control unit consists of control system, recording system, display system and alarm system. 

It is in charge of the entire system controlling, including the processing of every monitoring 

signal, the alarm signal, the linkage of the system and the auto-control of the system start-up 

and shutdown order. This unit contains all the necessary controlling procedures in this 

system, and it displays the operating conditions of the control system which includes the 

operating conditions of every component. If the system breaks down, the control unit will 

make audio and light alarm, at the same time, power will be cut off automatically, or, some 

troubleshoot can be realized automatically by executing the related process. For the 

operating condition of the device, it will be recorded and memorized, and the control unit will 

display the data according to the formal test requirements. Meanwhile the operators can take 

control and adjustment of the system through the control unit, and its control panel can 

realize the bidirectional interlock control both in short and remote distance. It is not only 

convenient for on-site operation but also for remote operation. The whole process is 

convenient, safe and reliable. 

Figure 2.2: OceanGuardTM BWMS control panel 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 7 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Filter 

A full-automatic backflushing filter with the filtration degree of 50 μm is set before 

the EUT unit and it can remove the organisms and other impurities with the diameters larger 

than 50 μm. This filter will start backwashing automatically without any artificial operations 

when the pressure loss exceeds the set value. The filter works during ballasting only. 

Figure 2.3: Filter 

EUT Unit (Power Supply and Treatment Unit) 

EUT unit is composed of two parts: the electrocatalysis part and ultrasonic part. In the 

electrocatalysis part, special semiconductor catalyzing material of high performance is 

adopted, which can generate a great deal of Active Substances like hydroxyl radical. This 

part is of high current efficiency with a relatively long lifespan. This part can remove most of 

the organisms and bacteria. For the ultrasonic part, it's a popular technology at present, as 

ultrasound can make high pressure instantly in partial areas and strike the cell of organisms 

in very short time. As a supplementary part of the electrocatalysis device, this can further 

improve the sterilization effects. 

Figure 2.4: EUT Unit 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 8 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Sensor 

Sensors include salinity meter, flow meter and TRO sensor, and they can respectively 

measure the parameters of salinity, flow rate and TRO, in order to accurately reflect the 

operating status of the system in time. Adjustment will be made according to the data of 

sensors by the control unit for an ideal treatment effect. Salinity, flow rate and TRO are 

important parameters in the control process, and through calling the internal store program, 

the control unit can make EUT unit proceed with the relevant initial operating mode and 

optimum TRO operating status. 

Sewage tank 

Sewage tank is part of the filter blowdown system. When the filter works, it will constantly 

discharge the backflushed sewage into the sewage tank according to the auto-backflushing 

principle, and there is a submersible sewage pump in the tank, while a liquid level sensor is 

loaded on the inner wall of the sewage tank. Once the liquid level is upon the set point, the 

submersible sewage pump will start working automatically and discharge the sewage outside 

the shipboard. Sewage water will be pumped out when the system stops working, in order to 

avoid cross contamination from residual water in the sewage tank. 

Distribution board 

Distribution board is for electric power distribution. Power supply of EUT unit, filter, control 

unit, sewage pump as well as the sensors in sewage tank will be distributed from here. 

2.3 OceanGuardTM BWMS principle 

OceanGuardTM BWMS uses the special electrocatalysis materials which have got the 

international patent, which can produce hydroxyl radicals of high concentration. 

Principle of hydroxyl radical generation 

Special semiconductor catalytic electrodes cause electron-hole effect in the electric field, 

indicating when the special semiconductor catalytic electrodes are in an electric field of 

certain intensity. The valence band electron will walk into the conduction band beyond the 

forbidden band and form an electric hole on the valence band in the meantime, which has a 

very strong capability of seizing the electrons. A large quantity of hydroxyl radicals are in the 

water in ionic condition, so in the electrocatalysis and oxidation reactions caused in water, 

OH-

 will lose electrons and produce ·OH of a strong oxidizability, see equation (a): 

OH Cat ⋅ OH − Cat + e − (a) 

Biochemical process of hydroxyl killing the micro-organisms in ballast water 

The major components of the micro-organisms like plankton and bacteria are: carbohydrate, 

lipid, protein, nucleic acid and enzyme that causes catalysis and accommodation to the 

biochemical reactions in vivo. The biochemical process of hydroxyl killing the 

micro-organisms in ballast water includes lipid peroxidation, amino acid oxygenolysis, 

change of protein properties and DNA oxidation, etc. 

The biochemical reaction between hydroxyl radicals and the micro-organisms in ballast water 

is free radical reaction, which can cause oxidation stress damages on the micro-organisms in 

ballast water and then make them the end of life mainly. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 9 

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2.4 TRO control principle 

Base on the results form land-based tests, initial TRO is set at 2.0 mg/L for OceanGuardTM

BWMS.

The detailed processes are: 

 .1 Salinity level is measured at the time when ballast water is pumped in pipe 

of OceanGuardTM BWMS by salinity sensor, and data is sent to control unit 

immediately. The control unit will set suitable initial current, according to 

the data detected by the salinity sensor, by calling the data base inside the 

control unit, to set the initial TRO at 2.0mg/L. 

 .2 TRO level can be indicated and sent to the control unit by the TRO sensor 

of OceanGuardTM BWMS. Control unit can adjust the current input by 

comparing the TRO data and the initial set TRO level. In about two 

minutes, the TRO level is stable. TRO level is sent to the control unit at all 

times. If the TRO is not 2.0 mg/L, it can be adjusted by the control unit, so 

as to make the TRO around 2.0 mg/L. 

3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHEMICALS 

As mentioned above, the basic principle of OceanGuardTM BWMS is to produce hydroxyl 

radicals of strong oxidizability by electrocatalysis; and the free radical has very short half-life 

to kill organisms in a very short time and causes direct oxidation with other substances and 

organisms on the surface of the catalyst. 

Hydroxyl radical is one of the most efficient disinfector. Due to the short period of life, 

hydroxyl radicals can not be detected in water. In seawater, some hydroxyl radicals will react 

with the chloride ion which is in large quantity, producing hypochlorous acid or sodium 

hypochlorite (related to the pH level). Hydroxyl radicals will take redox reaction with the 

existed organics in the water and produce a small quantity of DBPs. No Preparation is 

needed since all chemical substances are produced online. 

As stated in document MEPC 60/2/8, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid 

and sodium hypochlorite all have strong activity which will cause lethality to organisms, so 

they are all identified as Active Substances. Other substances produced are Relevant 

Chemicals. Hydroxyl and sodium hypochlorite play different roles in the process of killing 

organisms. For the formation, please refer to section 2.3 of the application for Final Approval 

of Active Substances used by OceanGuardTM BWMS (Confidential). 

According to the test report of land-based testing, Active Substances existing are in the form 

of Total Residual Oxidants (TRO), though hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous 

acid and sodium hypochlorite are considered as Active Substances. TRO is the general 

terms of many Active Substances, and it is in major of hypochlorous acid and sodium 

hypochlorite in seawater.TRO concentration during storage and discharge are measured 

both in treated water and control water, during every cycle in land-based testing (please refer 

to Table 9 in section 3.3 of appendix 4 "Land-based testing report"). TRO concentration is 

described in section 6.2.2 of this annex. 

In water, the organics react with Active Substances and produce some DBPs. In addition, 

carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane and/or hydrogen) are produced 

in the incomplete redox reactions in which the organics take part in during the operating 

process of system. The DBPs and gases that may be produced are tested in land-based 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 10 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

testing. According to the final analysis results (see test report in appendix 4), all substances 

in the treated water with the concentration higher than that in the control water are 

determined as Relevant Chemicals. Concentrations of flammable gases are measured, with 

methane and hydrogen gases not included. It can not be figured out whether it is the 

concentration of methane, or hydrogen, or sum of the two gases. Based on the data from 

pilot testing, it should be methane. However, both methane and hydrogen gases are listed 

as the Relevant Chemicals for analysis. Table 3.1 shows that the concentrations of the 

respective chemical are almost the same, which indicates that the substance is not 

generated from the BWMS. Substances other than those ones are analysed as Relevant 

Chemicals. Data in Table 3.1 are from Table 11 in section 3.3.2 of appendix 4 "Land-based 

testing report". 

Table 3.1: Range values of Relevant Chemicals in brackish 

water tests and seawater tests 

(Water treated by OceanGuardTM BWMS and control water at rated flow) 

Brackish water Seawater 

Compound Unit Treated 

water 

Control 

water 

Treated 

water 

Control 

water 

Trichloromethane 

(chloroform) μg/L <0.1-0.1 <0.1 <0.1-0.1 <0.1 

Bromodichloromethane 

(BDCM) μg/L 0.2-0.8 <0.1 0.2-0.4 <0.1 

Dibromochloromethane 

(DBCM) μg/L 7.4-18.0 <0.1 1.0-5.7 <0.1 

Tribromomethane 

(bromoform) μg/L 190-670 <0.1 26-170 <0.1 

Dibromoacetic acid (DBAA) μg/L <0.1-12.0 <0.1-0.1 0.95-26 <0.1-0.21 

Bromochloroacetic acid 

(BCAA) μg/L <0.1-0.4 <0.1 <0.1-0.31 <0.1 

Bromodichloroacetic acid 

(BDCAA) μg/L <0.1-0.13 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol(2,4,6-

TBP) μg/L <0.1-0.1 <0.1 <0.1-0.1 <0.1 

Monobromoacetonitrile 

(MBAN) μg/L <0.1-0.6 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 

Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) μg/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1-0.8 <0.1 

Dibromomethane (DBM) μg/L <0.1-1.3 <0.1 <0.1-0.4 <0.1 

AOX mg/

L 0.08-0.32 <0.01-0.03 0.01-0.09 <0.01-0.05 

EOX mg/

L 0.02-0.05 <0.01 <0.01-0.02 <0.01 

Bromate μg/L 4.4-7.2 <1.0 1.7-2.6 <1.0 

Carbon monoxide ppm 18-358 0 12-138 0 

Flammable gas % 

LEL 0-6.0 0 0-2.5 0 

Hydrogen sulfide ppm 0 0 0 0 

Oxygen % 18.8-20.9 20.9 19.8-20.9 20.9 

Chlorine ppm 0 0 0 0 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 11 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

AOX: Absorbable organically bound halogens, is a general term of one kind of the 

substances of the same characteristics. It contains chlorinated organics and 

bromized organics but not fluoride. The total quantity of halogens that combine with 

organic compound can be obtained by detection. For the single type of Relevant 

Chemicals of AOX are detected, detailed analysis is not necessary. 

EOX: Extractable organohalogen compound, similar as AOX, is also a general term of one 

kind of the substances of the same characteristics. It is the organic pollutant that 

contains haloid elements. Most EOX have the characteristics of hydrophobic, 

lipophilic and is hard to be degraded. For the single type of Relevant Chemicals of 

AOX are detected, detailed analysis is not necessary. 

3.1 Basic information of chemical substances 

3.1.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.2: Basic Information of Active Substances 

Chemical Name Hydroxyl free 

radical 

Hydrogen 

peroxide 

Hypochlorous 

acid 

Sodium 

hypochlorite 

CAS No. 3352-57-6 7722-84-1 7790-92-3 7681-52-9 

Molecular formula ·OH H2O2 HOCl ClO·Na 

Molecular Weight 

(g/mol) 

17.01 34.02 52.46 74.4 

Structural formula HO HO-OH H+ClO- Na+ClOLog Pow N/A -1.57 -0.87 -3.42 

Koc N/A 14.3 14.3 14.3 

Henry constant 

(Pa.m3

/mole) 

N/A 7.5x10-4 1.277x10-14 0.39 

BCF N/A 1.4 0.5 0.5 

3.1.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.3: Basic Information of Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical Name Bromodichloro 

methane 

Dibromochl

oro 

methane 

Tribromo 

methane 

Trichloro 

methane 

Bromochloro 

acetic acid 

CAS No. 75-27-4 124-48-1 75-25-2 67-66-3 5589-96-8 

Molecular 

formula CHBrCl2 CHBr2Cl CHBr3 CHCl3 BrClCHCOOH

Molecular 

Weight (g/mol) 163.8 208.08 252.73 119.38 173.39 

Structural 

formula 

Log Pow 2.1 2.16 2.4 2 1.08 

Koc 63 57 62-126 35 1.89 

Henry constant 

(Pa.m3

/mole) 21.2 81.0 54.54 36.7 2.2x10-3

BCF 7.0 9.188 14 4 3.2 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 12 

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Chemical Name Bromodichloro 

acetic acid 

Dibromo 

acetic acid 

2,4,6-

Tribromo 

phenol 

Monobromo 

acetonitrile 

Dibromo 

methane 

CAS No. 71133-14-7 631-64-1 118-79-6 590-17-0 74-95-3 

Molecular 

formula C2HBrCl2O2 C2H2Br2O2 C6H3Br3O C2H2BrN CH2Br2

Molecular 

Weight (g/mol) 207.84 217.84 330.80 119.95 173.84 

Structural 

formula B r O

B r

B r

Log Pow 2.31 1.22 4.18 0.2 1.70 

Koc N/A 1.89 1.19x103 N/A 24 

Henry constant 

(Pa.m3

/mole) 7.9x10-4 7.3x10-4 4.82x10-3 N/A 82.2 

BCF N/A 3.162 20 1.7x10-1 4 

Chemical Name Potassium 

bromate 

Dibromoace

tonitrile 

Carbon 

monoxide Methane Hydrogen 

CAS No. 7758-01-2 3252-43-5 630-08-0 74-82-8 1344-74-0 

Molecular 

formula KBrO3 C2HBr2N CO CH4 H2

Molecular 

Weight (g/mol) 167 198.86 28.01 16.05 2.0165 

Structural 

formula C-O H-H 

Log Pow -7.18 1.70 N/A 1.103 N/A 

Koc 35 24 N/A 90 N/A 

Henry constant 

(Pa.m3

/mole) 0.85 82.2 N/A 6.90x104

 N/A 

BCF 3.162 4 N/A 1 N/A 

O

OH

Br

Br
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 13 

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3.2 Effects of chemical substances on aquatic organisms 

3.2.1 Acute aquatic toxicity 

3.2.1.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.4: LOEL of acute toxicity from Active Substances to organisms 

of different trophic levels 

Chemical name Organism Species Effect Value 

(μg /L) Reference 

Hydroxyl free 

radical — — — — — 

Fish Rainbow trout 

(fresh) 96hLC50 22000 

Hydrogen peroxide Crustacean Water flea (fresh) 24hEC50 200 

Algae Blue green algae 

(fresh) 22hEC50 900 

Section 1.1.2.1, 

appendix 1 

Fish Rainbow trout 

(fresh) Sodium 96hLC50 59 

hypochlorite/ /

hypochlorous acid Crustacean Dapnia magna 

(fresh) 96hLC50 32 

Section 1.3.2.1, 

appendix 1 

For relative high activity of hydroxyl radical, toxicity test can not be taken and there is no data 

available. Considering that hydroxyl radical is produced inside the system of OceanGuardTM 

BWMS and has very short half-life, so it will not affect the organisms in the water in which 

ballast water is discharged. The final detectable oxidizing substances produced in the 

system are shown as TRO, in which sodium hypochlorite is the major part. For its longest 

duration, sodium hypochlorite is determined as the object for prediction and evaluation of 

environmental effects and human health evaluation. 

Documents on hydroxyl free radicals are limited and unavailable. No detailed description on 

hydroxyl free radicals is included in this application. 

3.2.1.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.5: LOEL of acute toxicity from Relevant Chemicals to organisms of 

different trophic levels 

Chemical Organism Species Effect Value 

(mg/L) Reference 

Fish Cyprinus carpio

embryo (fresh) 8hLC50 67.2 Bromodichlor

o-methane Crustacean Tetrahymena 

pyriformis (fresh) 24hEC50 240 

Section 

2.1.2.1, 

appendix 1

Fish Cyprinus carpio

(fresh) 45minLC50 52 

Crustacean Daphnia magna

(fresh) Dibromochlor 48hEC50 27 

o-methane 

Algae 

Selenastrum 

capricornutum

(fresh) 

72hEC50 6.1 

Section 

2.2.2.1, 

appendix 1
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 14 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Chemical Organism Species Effect Value 

(mg/L) Reference 

Fish Cyprinodon 

variegatus (sea) 96hLC50 7.1 

Crustacean Daphnia magna

(fresh) 48hLC50 46 Tribromomethane 

Algae Skeletonema 

costatum (sea) 96hEC50 12.3 

Section 

2.3.2.1, 

appendix 

1 

Fish 

Lepomis 

macrochirus 

(fresh) 

96hLC50 18 

Crustacean Daphnia magna

(fresh) 24hLC50 29 

Trichloromethane 

Algae Chlamydomonas 

reinhardii (sea) 72hEC50 13.3 

Section 

2.4.2.1, 

appendix 1

Bromochloroacetic acid Fish Pimephales 

promelas (fresh) 96hLC50 6.9 

Section 

2.5.2.1, 

appendix 1

Bromodichlor

oacetic acid N/A 

Fish Pimephales 

promelas (fresh) 96hLC50 69 Dibromoaceti

c acid Algae Pseudokirchneriella 

subcapitata (fresh) 72hEC50 5.95 

Section 

2.7.2.1, 

appendix 1

Fish Rainbow trout 

(fresh) 96hLC50 0.2 

Crustacean Daphnia magna

(fresh) 48hEC50 2.2 

Algae 

Selenastrum 

capricornutum

(fresh) 

72hNOEC 0.2 

2,4,6-

Tribromophenol 

Protozoa Tetrahymena 

pyriformis (fresh) 60hEC50 3 

Section 

2.8.2.1, 

appendix 1

Monobromoacetonitrile N/A 

Fish Pimephles 

promelas (fresh) 96hLC50 0.60 Dibromoacet

onitrile Algae Scenedesmus 

subspicatus (fresh) 72hEC50 1.4 

Section 

2.10.2.1, 

appendix 1

Dibromomethane N/A 

Fish Saltwater fish 

larvae (sea) 96hLC50 31 Bromate 

Crustacean Mysid shrimp (sea) 24hLC50 176 

Section 

2.12.2.1, 

appendix 1

Carbon 

monoxide Algae Chlorella (unknown) EC0 28-350 

Section 

2.13.2.1, 

appendix 1

Methane N/A 

Hydrogen N/A 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 15 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

3.2.2 Chronic aquatic toxicity 

3.2.2.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.6: LOEL of chronic toxicity from Active Substances to organisms 

of different trophic levels 

Chemical Organism Species Effect Value 

(μg/L) Reference 

Hydrogen 

peroxide Mollusca Zebra mussels (fresh) 56dNOEC 2000 

Section 

1.1.2.2, 

appendix 1 

Fish Menidia peninsulae

(sea) 20dNOEC 40 

Section 

1.3.2.2, 

appendix 1 

Dreissena 

polymorpha (fresh) 20dNOEC 500 

Mollusca Crassostrea virginica

(sea) 134NOEC 7 

Algae Natural algae (fresh) 24NOEC 79 

Sodium 

hypochlorite 

/hypochlorous acid 

Community Community changes 7dNOEC 3 

3.2.2.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.7: LOEL of chronic toxicity from Relevant Chemicals to organisms 

of different trophic levels 

Chemical Organism Species Effect Value 

(mg/L) Reference 

Bromodichlo

romethane Fish N/A N/A N/A 

Dibromochloromethane 

Fish Oryzias latipes

(fresh) 21dNOEC 3.2 

Section 

2.2.2.2, 

appendix 1

Fish Cyprinodont 

variegatus (sea) 4dNOEC 2.9 

Tribromomethane Algae 

Selenastrum 

capricornutum

(fresh) 

4dNOEC 10 

Section 

2.3.2.2, 

appendix 1

Fish Poecilia reticulate

(fresh) 14dLC50 102 

Crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia

(fresh) 11dNOEC 3.4 Trichloromethane 

Algae Skeletonema 

costatum (sea) 5dNOEC 216 

Section 

2.4.2.2, 

appendix 1

Bromochloroacetic 

acid 

N/A 

Bromodichlo

roacetic acid N/A 

Dibromocetic acid N/A 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 16 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Chemical Organism Species Effect Value 

(mg/L) Reference 

Crustacean Daphnia magna 

(fresh) 2,4,6- 21dNOEC 0.2 

Tribromophenol Algae Thalassiosia 

pseudonana (sea) 7dLC50 160 

Section 

2.8.2.2, 

appendix 1

Monobromo

acetonitrile N/A 

Dibromoacetonitrile Algae Glenodinium halli

(sea) 7dLC50 1.6 

Section 

2.10.2.2, 

appendix 1

Dibromomethane N/A 

Fish Salt fish 10dLC50 279 

Bromate Algae Unknown 

EC50 

(exposure 

period 

unknown) 

>13.6 

Section 

2.12.2.2, 

appendix 1

Carbon 

monoxide N/A 

Methane N/A 

Hydrogen N/A 

The calculation process of PNEC for Active Substances and some Relevant Chemicals, is 

based on the acute and chronic toxicity data. First, the LOEL of some organisms will be 

chosen from several data, then the impact factor is decided based on the adequacy, so that the 

PNEC is get. The impact factor is chosen according to Table 2, in the Methodology for 

information gathering and the conduct of work of the GESAMP-BWWG. For review of PNEC 

calculation process of sodium hypochlorite, please refer to section 1.3.7 of appendix 1 "Data of 

Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals". For review of PNEC calculation process of 

Relevant Chemicals, please refer to sections 2 and 7 of appendix 1 "Data of Active Substance 

and Relevant Chemicals. 

3.2.3 Endocrine disruption 

No research data in detail about Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals causing 

endocrine disruption is found. 

The only document available is a research report from EC. In the results of 

EU-Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters carried out by European Commission, 

these Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals are not found in Candidate list 

of 553 substances. Therefore, it is considered that these substances cause no effects 

on endocrine or the effects can be ignored (EC, Candidate list of 553 substances. 

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/docum/pdf/bkh_main.pdf). 

3.2.4 Sediment toxicity 

The persistence and enrichment of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals is assessed in 

appendix 1. According to the Methodology for information gathering and conduct of work of the 

GESAMP-BWWG (BWM.2/Circ.13, 2008), the substance need to be tested when Log Pow >3. 

For the Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals (except 2,4,6-tribromophenol) produced in 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 17 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

this system, Log Pow levels are all lower than 3, so the sediment toxicity of these substances 

are very insignificant. 

Log Pow of 2,4,6-TBP is 4.18, which has the possibility of bioconcentration or 

biomagnifications. The Koc is 1.19x103 L/kg, being over the limit of 500 L/kg. So this 

substance has a strong capability to be adsorbed in the sediment and has sediment toxicity. 

Sediment toxicity analysis of each Active Substance and Relevant Chemical is contained in 

appendix 1 (please refer to Table 3.8). 

For sediment toxicity analysis of hydrogen peroxide, please refer to section 1.1.2.4 of 

appendix 1, and for sediment toxicity analysis of sodium hypochlorite, please refer to 

section 1.3.2.4 of appendix 1. For sediment toxicity analysis of Relevant Chemicals, please 

refer to sections 2 of appendix 1 "Data of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals". 

3.2.5 Bioconcentration/Biomagnification 

According to the Log Pow value of the given productions, the Log Pow of Active Substances 

and Relevant Chemicals except 2,4,6-tribromophenol are all lower than 3, so the effects of 

bioconcentration and biomagnifications in these substances are insignificant. 

Log Pow of 2,4,6-TBP is 4.18, indicating that it has the possibility of bioconcentration or 

biomagnifications. However, a 28 d exposure test with the freshwater fish Lepomis 

macrochirus showed a BCF value of only 20. Based on this, 2,4,6-TBP is not likely to 

accumulate in organisms or the food chain. 

For analysis and evaluations for bioconcentration/ biomagnification/ bioaccumulation for 

Active Substances, please refer to appendix 1, including section 1.1.2.5 for hydrogen 

peroxide and section 1.3.2.5 for sodium hypochlorite. For analysis and evaluations for 

bioconcentration/ biomagnification/ bioaccumulation for Relevant Chemicals, please refer to 

section 2 of appendix 1 "Data of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals". 

3.2.6 Food web/population effects 

According to the Methodology for information gathering and conduct of work of 

the GESAMP-BWWG (BWM.2/Circ.13, 2008), biomagnification and persistence in food web 

is assessed. With the BCF of all Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals being less 

than 500 L/kg, and all the substances have a small possibility of bioconcentration and 

biomagnifications, it is confirmed that the effects of these substances on food web and 

population are very small. Conclusion of this part is from evaluation of food web/population 

effects from each substance (please refer to appendix1). 

For food web/population effect evaluation for Active Substances, please refer to appendix 1, 

including section 1.1.2.6 for hydrogen peroxide, section 1.3.2.6 for sodium hypochlorite. For 

food web/population effect evaluation for Relevant Chemicals, please refer to section 2 of 

appendix 1 "Data of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals". 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 18 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

3.3 Data on mammalian toxicity 

3.3.1 Acute toxicity 

3.3.1.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.8: LOEL of acute toxicity to mammal under different exposure routes 

with Active Substances 

Chemical name Species Effect Value (mg/kg) Reference 

Hydroxyl free 

di l — — — — 

Male and 

female rats Oral LD50 0.8-5 

Rabbits Dermal LD50 9.2 Hydrogen peroxide 

Mice and 

t

Inhalation LD50 2 g/m3

Section 1.1.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Wistar rats Oral LD50 8.8 

Rabbits Dermal LD50 >10 

Hypochlorous acid/

sodium 

hypochlorite Mice Inhalation LD50 10.5 (mg/L) 

Section 1.3.3.1, 

appendix 1 

For the high activity of hydroxyl radical, toxicity test cannot be taken and there is no data 

available. Considering that hydroxyl radical is produced inside the system of OceanGuardTM

BWMS, so it will not affect the organisms in the water in which ballast water is discharged. 

Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.9: LOEL of acute toxicity to mammal under different exposure routes 

with Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical name Species Effect Value (mg/kg) Reference 

Bromodichloromethane Male mice Oral LD50 450 Section 2.1.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Dibromochloromethane Male rats Oral LD50 800 Section 2.2.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Female 

rats Oral LD50 1150 

Tribromomethane 

Dogs Inhalation LC50 7 mg/L 

Section 2.3.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Mice Oral LD50 484 

Trichloromethane 

Rats Inhalation LC50 47.7 mg/L 

Section 2.4.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Bromochloroacetic acid N/A 

Bromodichloroacetic 

acid 

id A di 1

N/A 

Dibromoacetic acid Male rats Oral LD50 1.737 Section 2.7.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Mice Inhalation LC50 >50 mg/L 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol Mice Oral LD50 1486 

Rabbits Dermal LD50 >2000 

Section 2.8.3.1, 

appendix 1 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 19 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Chemical name Species Effect Value (mg/kg) Reference 

Monobromoacetonitrile Rats Oral LD50 25.8 Section 2.9.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Dibromoacetonitrile Male rats Oral LD50 99 Section 2.10.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Mice Oral LD50 3738 

Dibromomethane 

Rats Inhalation LC50 40 mg/L 

Section 2.11.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Bromate Male rats Oral LD50 280 Section 2.12.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Carbon monoxide Rats Inhalation LC50 1807 ppm Section 2.13.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Methane Mice Asphyxiation >87% (v/v) Section 2.14.3.1, 

appendix 1 

Hydrogen Rats Asphyxiation >1.5%(v/v) Section 2.15.3.1, 

appendix 1 

3.3.2 Effects on skin and eye 

3.3.2.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.10: Effects to skin and eyes from Active Substance 

Chemical name Skin/eye Description Reference 

Skin 3%-8%: mild reactions Hydrogen peroxide Eye 22 ppm: no effects 

Section 1.1.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Hypochlorous acid/ Skin g/L: moderate irritant 

sodium hypochlorite Eye 12.7%: moderate to severe 

irritant 

Section 1.3.3.2, 

appendix 1 

3.3.2.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.11: Effects to skin and eyes from Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical name Skin/eye Description Reference 

Skin Irritant. Bromodichloromethane Eye Irritant. 

Section 2.1.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Skin Irritant. Dibromochloromethane Eye Irritant. 

Section 2.2.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Skin Irritant. Tribromomethane Eye Irritant. 

Section 2.3.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Skin Slightly irritating to rabbits Trichloromethane Eye Slightly irritating to rabbits 

Section 2.4.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Bromochloroacetic Skin Irritant. 

acid Eye Irritant. 

Section 2.5.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Bromodichloroacetic Skin Burns 

acid Eye Burns 

Section 2.6.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Skin Irritant. Dibromoacetic acid Eye Irritant. 

Section 2.7.3.2, 

appendix 1 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 20 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Chemical name Skin/eye Description Reference 

Skin No effect 2,4,6-Tribromophenol Eye Moderate irritant 

Section 2.8.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Skin May cause eczema and 

Monobromoacetonitrile fissuring of skin 

Eye Lachrymatory 

Section 2.9.3.2, 

appendix 1 

Skin Irritant. 

Dibromoacetonitrile Eye 

May cause irritation. Material 

may be irritating to mucous 

membranes 

Section 2.10.3.2,

appendix 1 

Skin Irritation, pain, numbness and 

mild burns Dibromomethane 

Eye Irritation, direct contact may 

cause burns to the cornea 

Section 2.11.3.2,

appendix 1 

Skin Irritant Bromate Eye Irritant 

Section 2.12.3.2,

appendix 1 

Skin No effect Carbon monoxide Eye No effect 

Section 2.13.3.2,

appendix 1 

Skin No effect. Methane Eye N/A 

Section 2.14.3.2,

appendix 1 

Skin No effect Hydrogen Eye No effect 

Section 2.15.3.2,

appendix 1 

According to documents available, Active Substances and most Relevant Chemicals are 

irritative to human skin and eyes. Possible effects from all the substances to human are 

described in Appendix 2 "Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario of Ballast Water 

Treated by OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management System". It can be indicated from the 

assessment results that there should be no harm to human from these substances. 

3.3.3 Repeated-dose toxicity and chronic toxicity 

3.3.3.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.12: NOAEL of chronic toxicity and repetitive dose to mammal 

from Active Substances 

Chemical name Exposure 

Route Species Duration Results Reference 

Hydrogen 

peroxide Oral Mice 90 days NOAEL=100 ppm 

 Inhalation Rats 4 months NOAEL=0.1 mg/m3

Section 

1.1.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Hypochlorous 

acid/sodium 

hypochlorite 

Oral Rats 90 days NOAEL=10 

mg/kg/d 

Section 

1.3.3.3, 

appendix 1 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 21 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

3.3.3.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.13: NOAEL of chronic toxicity and repetitive dose to mammal 

from Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical name Exposure 

Route Species Duration Results Reference 

Oral Rats 90 days NOAEL=31 mg/kg/d 

Oral Rats 1 month NOAEL=21 mg/kg/d 

LOAEL=66 mg/kg/d 

Bromodichloromethane 

Oral Rats 2 years LOAEL=6 mg/kg/d 

Section 2.1.3.3,

appendix 1 

Oral Rats 90 days LOAEL=50 mg/kg/d Dibromochloro 

-methane Oral Rats 90 days NOAEL=31 mg/kg/d 

Section 

2.2.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Tribromomethane Oral Mice 13 weeks NOAEL=25 mg/kg 

Section 

2.3.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Oral Rats 90 days NOAEL=31mg/kg/d Trichloromethane Inhalation Mice 90 days NOAEL=10 ppm 

Section 

2.4.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Bromochloroacetic acid Oral Rats 14 days NOAEL=41 mg/kg/d 

Section 

2.5.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Bromodichloacetic acid N/A 

Dibromoacetic 

acid N/A 

2,4,6-

Tribromophenol Oral Mice 48 days NOAEL=100 mg/kg/d 

Section 

2.8.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Monobromoacetonitrile N/A 

Dibromoaceto- Oral Rats 90 days NOAEL=23 mg/kg/d 

nitrile Oral Rats 90 days NOAEL=11.3 mg/kg/d 

Section 

2.10.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Dibromomethane Oral Rats 14 days No overt toxic effects 

(95.66 mg/kg/d) 

Section 

2.11.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Oral Mice 15 weeks NOAEL=30 mg/kg/d 

Oral Mice 15 months LOAEL=30 mg/kg/d 

Oral Dogs and 

monkeys 

8 and 

12 weeks NOAEL=75 ppm 

Oral Mice 100 weeks NOAEL=1.1 mg/kg/d 

Bromate 

Oral Rats 100 weeks NOAEL=59.6 

mg/kg/d 

Section 

2.12.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Carbon monoxide Inhalation Monkeys 14 months NOAEL=570 mg/m3

Section 

2.13.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Methane Inhalation Rabbits Any length 

of time NOAEL=80%(v/v) 

Section 

2.14.3.3, 

appendix 1 

Hydrogen N/A 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 22 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

3.3.4 Development and reproductive toxicity 

3.3.4.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.14: Development and reproductive toxicity of Active Substances 

Chemical name Description Reference 

Hydrogen 

peroxide 

10% concentration: No significant 

malformation observed on rats Section 1.1.3.4, appendix 1 

Hypochlorous acid/ 

sodium 

hypochlorite 

1.0-5.0 mg/kg/d: No reproductive 

toxicity observed on mice. 

NOAEL=5 mg/kg/d 

Section 1.3.3.4, appendix 1 

3.3.4.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.15: Development and reproductive toxicity of Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical 

name Description Reference 

Bromodichloro

methane 

39 mg/kg/d: no gross lesion in the reproductive 

organs observed, but causing decrease of mean 

straight-line, the path and curvilinear velocities of 

sperm on rats 

50-200 mg/kg/d: no fetotoxic response observed, 

but weight gain depressed in the dose of 200 

mg/kg/d. 

Section 2.1.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Dibromochloromethane 

50-2000mg/kg/d: toxic on rat embryo and the 

matrix weight decreased in the dose group of 

high concentration and no toxicity if low 

concentration 

Section 2.2.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Tribromomethane 

50-200mg/kg/d: causing a dose-related skeletal 

deformity on rats embryo, no other toxicity 

observed. 

Section 2.3.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Trichloromethane 

50-200mg/kg/d: causing an increase in maternal

liver weights, but no teratogenicity on rats. For

dose of 200 mg/kg/d producing a significant

number of smaller pups and kidney weights

increased in the mothers. 

Section 2.4.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Bromochloroacetic acid 

Rats NOAEL=50 mg/kg/d. No effects observed 

onmales, for females, implants decreased and 

live fetuses per litter decreased. 

600ppm: causing 16% decrease in implants and 

50% decrease in the number of live fetuses. 

Section 2.5.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Bromodichloro

acetic acid 

0-760 mg/kg: No maternal toxicity observed. But 

parturition delayed and postnatal days-1 pup 

weights decreased at 760 mg/kg. 

Section 2.6.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Dibromoacetic 

acid 

250mg/kg/d: causing sperm form and mobility 

changed on mice. 

279mg/kg/d: causing decrease in epididymal 

sperm amount and sperm form alteration 

observed on mice. 

Section 2.7.3.4, 

appendix 1 

2,4,6-

Tribromophenol 

Rats and mice NOAEL= 300 mg/kg/d. Survival 

ratio and weight of the newborn decreased in the 

dose group of 1000 mg/kg/d. 

Section 2.8.3.4, 

appendix 1 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 23 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Chemical 

name Description Reference 

Monobromacetonitrile 

0-100 ppm: small increase in pre- and postimplantation loss of rats, no other changes in 

female reproductive parameter. 

Section 2.9.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Dibromoacetonitrile 

50 mg/kg: litter weight lower than control group of 

rats, no significant effect on the percentages of 

pregnant females or resorptions and no effect on 

neonatal survival after birth. 

Section 2.10.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Dibromomethane 0.1-124.65 mg/kg/d: no effects on growth rate of 

rats 

Section 2.11.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Bromate 

Rats NOAEL=80 ppm. Slight decrease of 

epididymides sperm amount observed. 

Mice: no changes observed at dose of 14ppm 

and 100ppm. 

Section 2.12.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Carbon 

monoxide 

230mg/m3

: causing decrease in litter size and 

birth weights of rats 

210mg/m3

: causing decrease in fetal mortality 

and increase in malformations of rabbits 

Section 2.13.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Methane No toxicity. It just makes human asphyxial and 

shortage of oxygen 

Section 2.14.3.4, 

appendix 1 

Hydrogen No toxicity. It just makes human asphyxial and 

shortage of oxygen 

Section 2.15.3.4, 

appendix 1 

3.3.5 Carcinogenicity/Mutagenicity/Genotoxicity 

Classification of IARC in this section is from IARC website: 

http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php 

Substances are classified into 5 groups according to the possible carcinogenicity 

by IARC: 

Group 1: The agent is carcinogenic to humans. 

Group 2A: The agent is probably carcinogenic to humans. 

Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. 

Group 4: The agent is probably not carcinogenic to humans. 

3.3.5.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.16 Carcinogenicity/mutagenicity/genotoxicity of Active Substances 

Chemical name Description Reference 

Hydrogen peroxide 

Group 3 by IARC. 

Mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium and 

positive in Salmonella typhimurium SV50. 

Section 1.1.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Hypochlorous acid/ 

sodium hypochlorite 

Group 3 by IARC. 

The carcinogenicity and mutagenicity is not 

proved by documents. 

Section 1.3.3.5, 

appendix 1 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 24 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

3.3.5.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.17: Carcinogenicity/mutagenicity/genotoxicity of Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical name Description Reference 

Bromodichloro 

methane 

Group 2B by IARC. Clear evidence of 

carcinogenicity to rats and mice. 

Weak mutagen: DNA damage in the SOS test, but 

negative in the Ames fluctuation test. 

Section 

2.1.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Dibromochloro 

methane Group 3 by IARC. No detailed data available 

Tribromomethane 

Group 3 by IARC. 

The carcinogenicity and mutagenicity is not proved 

by documents. 

Section 

2.3.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Trichloromethane 

Group 2B by IARC. Clear evidence of 

carcinogenicity to rats and mice. 

No mutagenicity: negative in the SOS test, the 

Ames fluctuation test. No DNA strand broken in 

the test with rats. 

Section 

2.4.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Bromochloroacetic 

acid 

IARC unclassified. No detailed data on 

carcinogenicity available. 

Mutagenic to S. typhimurium in the Ames assay. 

Section 

2.5.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Bromodichloroacetic 

acid 

IARC unclassified. No detailed data on 

carcinogenicity available. 

Weak genotoxicity: Negative to B6C3F1 mice, but 

weakly positive to Salmonella and hamster S-9. 

Section 

2.6.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Dibromoacetic acid 

IARC unclassified. Liver cell tumor and 

hepatoblastoma observed, increased incidence 

rate of malignant mesothelioma and monocytic 

leukaemia observed in the animal test. 

Section 

2.7.3.5, 

appendix 1 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol N/A 

Monobromoacetonitrile IARC unclassified. The carcinogenicity and 

mutagenicity is not proved by documents. 

Section 

2.9.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Dibromoacetonitrile 

Group 3 by IARC. No carcinogenicity: no skin 

tumour occurred in the test with mice. 

Possible mutagenicity: not mutagenic in either S. 

tyhimurium or Drosophila melanogaster. But DNA 

strand breaks in human lymphoblast cell lines. 

Section 

2.10.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Dibromomethane 

IARC unclassified. No detailed data on 

carcinogenicity available 

Data is limited. Mutagenic in the Ames test. 

Section 

2.11.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Bromate 

Carcinogenicity to animals: causing renal 

carcinoma, peritoneal mesothelioma and lung 

cancer, liver cancer to the mice. 

Mutagenicity: increase of intraosseous 

chromosome aberration rate observed. 

Section 

2.12.3.5, 

appendix 1 

Carbon monoxide N/A 

Methane No toxicity. It just makes human asphyxial and 

shortage of oxygen 

Hydrogen No toxicity. It just makes human asphyxial and 

shortage of oxygen 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 25 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

According to the acute and chronic toxicity, development and reproductive toxicity, 

carcinogenicity analysis of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals on mammals, most 

substances will pose effect to mammals once a certain concentration is reached. In 

land-based testing, chemicals detected in treated ballast water are in low concentration, and 

most of them are lower than the respective standard for drinking water, indicating that there 

will be no effect to human. For detailed analysis, please refer to appendix 2 "Assessment on 

human exposure scenario of ballast water treated by OceanGuardTM Ballast Water 

Management System". 

3.3.6 Toxicokinetics 

3.3.6.1 Active Substances 

Hydrogen peroxide can be immediately transformed to water and oxygen in human body by 

the effect of enzyme (please see section 1.1.3.6 in appendix 1 for detail). 

 

 The major metabolizing approach of sodium hypochlorite is urine with the product of 

chloride ion (please see section 1.3.3.6 in appendix 1 for detail). 

3.3.6.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Bromodichloromethane: The elimination kinetics of BDCM have been studied in humans, 

half-lives of 0.45-0.63 min for blood were estimated adopting breath elimination data. In the 

tests with mouse, 93% of the dose was recovered within 8 h as carbon dioxide (81%). 

Dibromochloromethane: DBCM is lipophilic but does not accumulate in fat. It is discharged 

through breath and the product is carbon dioxide. The half-life in rats and mice are 

respectively 1.2 h and 2.5 h. 

Tribromomethane: It can be quickly absorbed by human body and discharged through breath 

with the major product of carbon dioxide. Substance transformation is realized by the 

oxidation system of human body. Its half-life in rats and mice are respectively 0.8 h and 8 h. 

Trichloromethane: The absorptivity of human body on this substance is approximately 8%. 

And over 95% is discharged through lung breath. This process usually takes place in 15 

minutes to 2 hours after exposure. 

Bromochloroacetic acid: In animal test, BCAA can wholly disappear in vivo within 12 hours. 

After exposure, the concentration of BCAA in blood reaches to top and its half-life is 

in 4 hours. According to its pH, this substance will not accumulate in organisms. 

Bromodichloroacetic acid: In testing with Rattus, only few BDCAA is excreted in the urine. 

There is evidence for substantial conversion of BDCAA to DCAA in both rats and mice. At 

low doses, an efficient conversion of BDCAA to carbon dioxide through DCAA, but a direct 

decarboxylation reaction became important as high doses. 

Dibromoacetic acid: Following gavage exposure in rats, the concentration peaked in 1h. 

It disappeared quickly. The urine and faeces were minimal contributors to overall clearance. 

2,4,6-tribromophenol: After exposure, the concentration in blood peaking after 1 h. And urine 

and excrement are the major way to excrete it. The blood concentration fell down with 24 h. 

Monobromoacetonitrile and dibromoacetonitrile: When administered orally to rats, 

haloacetonitriles were metaboloized to cyanide and excreted in the urine as thiocyanate. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 26 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Dibromomethane: After exposure, DBM is slow to be absorbed, and its metabolic products 

are carbon monoxide and bromide. When absorbed in vivo, dehalogenation takes place and 

the final product is carbon monoxide. 

Bromate: Bromate can be quickly absorbed by intestinal canal and discharged through urine. 

Bromate is excreted mainly in the urine, partly as bromate and partly as bromide. 

Carbon monoxide: Carbon monoxide can combine with ferrohemoglobin in blood and 

produce carboxyhaemoglobin which causes decease of ferrohemoglobin and makes human 

body oxygen-poor and toxicosis. 

Methane: CH4 basically has no toxicity, but there is the possibility of explosion when the 

concentration exceeds the explosion limit. Methane is absorbed through the lungs. When 

inhaled, the majority of the absorbed dose is exhaled unchanged. 

Hydrogen: Hydrogen is a gas known as simple asphyxiant by oxygen displacement and with 

no significant physiological reactivity. 

Conclusion of this part is from toxicokinetics of each substance, for detailed information 

please refer to sections 2 and 3.6 of appendix 1 "Data of Active Substance and Relevant 

Chemicals". 

The stay of Relevant Chemicals in human body is very short, and can be exhausted from 

human body through breathing, urine and other sources basically within one day, so they do 

not have bioaccumulation in human body. 

3.4 Data on environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions 

3.4.1 Modes of degradation 

Modes of degradation under different conditions of Active Substances and Relevant 

Chemicals are from references and documents. For detailed information, please refer to 

appendix 1. 

It is indicated from the data that the degradation rate is fast and half-life of the substances 

generated is shorter than 60 days (except that there is no data for monobromoacetonitrile). 

3.4.1.1 Active Substances 

Table 3.18: Degradation modes of Active Substances 

Chemical 

name 

Environment Degradation 

products Half-life Reference 

Abiotic, seawater, 

sunlight 

Oxygen and 

water 8.3 days 

Hydrogen 

peroxide Aerobic, water, 

non-sterile 

conditions 

Oxygen and 

water 1.1-5.3 h 

Section 1.14.1, 

appendix 1 

Fresh water, light, 

temperature 

Chlorate, 

chloridion, 

chlorition 

<1,500 min

and 7hrs 

Hypochlorous 

acid/sodium 

hypochlorite Dark, immobile N/A <15 min. 

Section 

1.3.4.1, 

appendix 1 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 27 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

3.4.1.2 Relevant Chemicals 

Table 3.19: Degradation modes of Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical 

name 

Environment Half-life Reference 

Aerobic, biotic 35% degraded in 7 days 

Bromodichloro- Fresh water 4.4 hrs 

methane Anaerobic, biotic, 

packed tower 99% removal in 2 days 

Section 2.1.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Aerobic, biotic, 10-25% being degraded 

Dibromochloro in 7 days 

methane Anaerobic, biotic, 

fresh water <50 days 

Section 2.2.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Aerobic, biotic 10-25% being degraded 

Tribromo- in 7 days 

methane Anaerobic, biotic, 

packed tower 

Removal ratio >99% 

in 2 days 

Section 2.3.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Fresh water 4.8-5 hrs 

Aerobic, biotic 7 days Trichlormethane Anaerobic, biotic 99% removal in 2 days. 

Section 2.4.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Bromochloro- Seawater 15 days 

acetic acid Air, photolysis 23.8 days 

Section 2.5.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Bromodichloroacetic acid Water 3.6 days Section 2.6.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Biotic 1.5 hrs Dibromoacetic 

acid Abiotic 16 days Section 2.7.4.1, 

appendix 1 

River water Removal ratio 82% 

in 3 days 

Seawater Removal ratio 9% 

in 3 days 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol 

Estuarine sediment Removal ratio 100% 

in 19 days 

Section 2.8.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Monobromoacetonitrile N/A Section 2.9.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Hydrolysis PH=8.8 2 days 

Dibromoacetonitrile Hydrolysis PH=8.3 30h 

Section 

2.10.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Dibromomethane Volatilization from 

river and lake 2 hrs to 6 days 

Section 

2.11.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Bromate Water 12 hrs 

Section 

2.12.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Carbon 

monoxide 

Air, reaction with 

other chemical in 

air. 

Life time about 2 months 

in air 

Section 

2.13.4.1, 

appendix 1 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 28 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Chemical 

name 

Environment Half-life Reference 

Air, volatilization 2 hrs 

Aerobic, biotic 65.7% after 35 days Methane Air, photo 

degradation 50% after 3839 days 

Section 

2.14.4.1, 

appendix 1 

Hydrogen Air, photo 

degradation 

The residence time about 

1.8 years. 

Section 

2.15.4.1, 

appendix 1 

3.4.2 Reaction with organic matter 

Substances generated, except hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and bromate ion, will 

not react with organic matters in water. 

Hydrogen peroxide may react as an oxidant. It can react easily with various functional 

groups. Most aromatic and aliphatic amines as well as most aldehydes do react with 

hydrogen peroxide. 

The active chlorine (sodium hypochlorite) can react with many organics. For example, the 

aquatic natural organics and bromide ion in the water generate series of DBPs including 

THMs, HAAs and phenolic compounds. 

Bromate ion is a kind of strong oxidizer, which may react with organic matters in water, 

generating bromide ion. 

For other Relevant Chemicals in water, no data is available showing that these substances 

can react with other organisms. These substances mostly exist stably in water, so it is 

considered that they cannot take reactions. 

Carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen are hard to dissolve in water but normally exist in 

gas. They do not have oxidizability, so they cannot react with organisms in water. 

Data of this section is from reaction with organic matters, in appendix 1 "Data of Active 

Substance and Relevant Chemicals". For data of hydrogen peroxide and sodium 

hypochlorite, please refer to sections 1.1.4.2 and 1.3.4.2 of appendix 1 separately. For data 

of Relevant Chemicals, please refer to sections 2 and 4.2 of appendix 1. 

3.4.3 Potential physical effects on wildlife and benthic habitats 

Only 2,4,6-tribromophenol of the Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals may pose a 

little effect to wild animals and benthic organisms. 

Log Pow (<3) and Koc values of all Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals (except 2, 4, 

6-tribromophenol) are low, so the effects on wildlife and benthic habitats is very insignificant. 

2, 4, 6-tribromophenol has relative high Log Pow of 4.13 and Koc value (1.19x103

), so this 

substance has potential effects on wildlife and benthic habitats. However, BCF value is 

only 20. Based on this, 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol is not likely to have bioaccumulation on wildlife 

and benthic habitats. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 29 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen are hard to dissolve in water but normally exist in 

gas. So then have no effects on wildlife and benthic habitats. 

For hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, please refer to sections 1.1.4.3 and 1.3.4.3 

of appendix 1 separately. For Relevant Chemicals, please refer to sections 2 and 4.3 of 

appendix 1 "Data of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals". 

3.4.4 Potential residues in seafood 

The BCF values of all Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals are lower than the critical 

value 500, and they will not accumulate in vivo, so the possibility of potential residues in 

seafood is insignificant. 

Carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen are hard to dissolve in water. And they do not 

have bioaccumulation. So there are no residues in seafood. 

Content of this part is from potential residues in seafood, appendix 1. For hydrogen peroxide 

and sodium hypochlorite, please refer to sections 1.1.4.4 and 1.3.4.4 of appendix 1 

separately. For Relevant Chemicals, please refer to sections 2 and 4.4 of appendix 1 "Data 

of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals". 

3.5 Physical and chemical properties for the Active Substances and Preparations 

and treated ballast water 

3.5.1 Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals 

For the data of all Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals, including physical and 

chemical properties, toxicity, environmental fate and environment predicted concentration, 

see appendix 1. For data of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite, please refer to 

sections 1.1.1 and 1.3.1 of appendix 1 separately. For data of Relevant Chemicals, please 

refer to sections 1 and 2 of appendix 1. 

3.5.2 Treated ballast water 

3.5.2.1 Corrosion test 

Corrosion testing is carried out in accordance with the guidance provided in section 5.1 of the 

"Report of the eighth meeting of the GESAMP-BWWG", contained in document 

MEPC 59/2/16. As required, a 6-month corrosion test and accelerated corrosion test are 

carried out for ballast water treated by OceanGuardTM BWMS (see the details in appendix 5). 

Varied tests are applied in corrosion test, and the outlet water that had been treated 

by OceanGuardTM BWMS and natural seawater are researched. Parameters like 

appearance, corrosion rate, corrosion potential and weightlessness are assessed. 

The materials under test are all the sealed and structural materials frequently used on board. 

By reviewing the corrosion of these materials, it can be shown whether the treated ballast 

water has intensified corrosions to the ship. In the test, relevant test requirements and 

assessment regulations like ISO and international guidelines are applied. 

Contrast experiments are carried out by taking contrast between treated water and contrast 

water (natural seawater). It is confirmed from the results that corrosion situations of treated 

water and natural seawater are basically the same, and treated water will not intensify the 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 30 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

corrosion on the metals and organic materials. Therefore, with OceanGuardTM BWMS, the 

corrosions to ballast pipeline, ballast tank and sealing components will not be intensified. 

3.5.2.2 Water quality 

In the test, all the parameters like raw water and temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved 

oxygen of treated water in the test cycle are detected (see the detailed data in section 3.3 of 

appendix 4, Table 9). 

It can be indicated from the land-based testing report that only TSS shows decrease in 

treated water than that in control water. It is possible because some of the particles are 

filtered by the filter. No significant difference is detected from water before and after the 

treatment, indicating that OceanGuardTM BWMS will not change the water quality. 

Table 3.20 below shows all 13 cycles drawn from the test report, they are from test cycle 1 to 

test cycle 13. The results show that the parameters of water quality are relatively stable 

during each test cycle and the chemical requirements for water quality were fulfilled for all 

tests. 

By taking contrast on every physical index between the treated water and control water, it is 

proved that the physical properties of the water have no obvious changes after being treated 

by OceanGuardTM system, which indicates that quality of water will not be changed after 

being treated by OceanGuardTM BWMS. 

Table 3.20: Physical properties of raw water, treated water 

and control water 

Test cycle No. Treated water Control water 

Day 

WST 

0 5 0 5 

Test cycle 1 (brackish water) 

Temperature (oC) 18.6 18.8 18.2 18.8 18.2 

pH 8.18 8.11 7.93 8.24 7.91 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.0 7.9 6.4 7.0 5.8 

Salinity (PSU) 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 

DOC (mg/L) 7.3 7.3 6.5 7.2 6.2 

POC (mg/L) 6.8 5.0 1.4 5.0 1.4 

TSS (mg/L) 50.0 40.8 11.7 35.1 19.9 

Test cycle 2 (brackish water)

Temperature (oC) 18.3 18.4 17.9 18.6 17.8 

pH 8.20 8.14 7.8 829 7.97 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.5 7.9 6.3 8.3 6.6 

Salinity (PSU) 21.4 21.3 21.3 21.3 21.3 

DOC (mg/L) 6.7 6.6 5.9 6.4 26.8 

POC (mg/L) 7.8 6.9 1.3 6.2 1.1 

TSS (mg/L) 65.6 62.2 16.7 58.0 28.3 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 31 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Test cycle No. Treated water Control water 

Day 

WST 

0 5 0 5 

Test cycle 3 (brackish water)

Temperature (oC) 17.1 17.3 17.9 17.4 18.1 

pH 8.02 7.33 7.74 7.31 7.62 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.3 8.3 6.6 8.3 6.3 

Salinity (PSU) 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.6 21.8 

DOC (mg/L) 6.6 6.6 5.1 6.4 4.9 

POC (mg/L) 7.8 7.5 0.3 7.5 0.4 

TSS (mg/L) 80.2 80.9 6.0 75.3 13.7 

Test cycle 4 (brackish water)

Temperature (oC) 17.5 17.6 16.9 17.6 17.1 

pH 8.16 7.95 7.97 7.42 8.05 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 10.0 9.7 7.8 9.7 6.1 

Salinity (PSU) 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.8 21.8 

DOC (mg/L) 7.0 7.3 6.1 6.9 6.5 

POC (mg/L) 7.8 6.6 2.8 7.1 1.9 

TSS (mg/L) 50.0 47.1 21.9 42.9 20.9 

Test cycle 5 (brackish water)

Temperature (oC) 14.6 14.7 15.5 14.8 15.7 

pH 8.14 8.00 7.74 8.17 7.85 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.4 8.1 8.4 8.4 7.4 

Salinity (PSU) 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6 22.6 

DOC (mg/L) 6.6 6.5 5.8 6.5 5.8 

POC (mg/L) 8.5 7.7 1.3 8.3 1.3 

TSS (mg/L) 83.5 83.9 16.2 81.1 16.2 

Cycle 6 (seawater) 

Temperature (oC) 11.4 11.6 12.2 11.5 12.3 

pH 8.03 8.01 8.05 8.05 8.01 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.5 8.2 8.1 8.3 7.2 

Salinity (PSU) 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.5 

DOC (mg/L) 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.7 

POC (mg/L) 2.6 2.2 0.6 2.6 1.1 

TSS (mg/L) 12.6 11.0 4.2 12.3 6.7 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 32 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Test cycle No. Treated water Control water 

Day 

WST 

0 5 0 5 

Cycle 7 (seawater)

Temperature (oC) 11.3 11.4 12.3 11.5 12.3 

pH 8.16 8.08 7.92 8.14 7.95 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.4 8.1 8.3 8.3 7.6 

Salinity (PSU) 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 

DOC (mg/L) 2.6 2.7 2.3 2.5 2.7 

POC (mg/L) 2.5 2.3 0.6 2.3 1.0 

TSS (mg/L) 13.8 11.4 6.3 12.1 8.2 

Cycle 8 (seawater)

Temperature (oC) 10.2 10.6 11.2 10.6 11.0 

pH 8.04 7.93 7.97 8.07 8.00 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.7 8.3 7.8 8.5 8.2 

Salinity (PSU) 32.0 31.8 32.0 32.0 32.0 

DOC (mg/L) 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.7 2.5 

POC (mg/L) 2.5 2.2 0.8 2.5 0.7 

TSS (mg/L) 14.3 11.8 5.8 12.2 5.5 

Cycle 9 (seawater)

Temperature (oC) 9.4 9.5 10.3 9.6 10.4 

pH 8.04 7.95 7.91 8.05 8.05 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 9.0 8.8 8.0 9.0 8.2 

Salinity (PSU) 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 

DOC (mg/L) 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.5 2.4 

POC (mg/L) 2.3 2.2 0.7 2.4 1.1 

TSS (mg/L) 16.3 11.8 7.2 14.0 5.5 

Cycle 10 (seawater) 

Temperature (oC) 8.4 8.5 7.7 8.5 7.7 

pH 8.00 7.91 7.99 8.00 8.00 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 9.0 8.7 7.9 8.6 8.0 

Salinity (PSU) 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 32.2 

DOC (mg/L) 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 

POC (mg/L) 2.6 2.2 0.8 2.3 1.4 

TSS (mg/L) 11.6 11.9 8.6 11.8 11.8 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 33 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Test cycle No. Treated water Control water 

Day 

WST 

0 5 0 5 

Test cycle 11 (brackish water)

Temperature (oC) 10.4 10.4 8.7 10.4 8.7 

pH 8.08 7.91 7.85 8.08 7.82 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.4 7.8 8.0 8.2 7.7 

Salinity (PSU) 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 

DOC (mg/L) 6.2 6.2 5.2 6.1 6.1 

POC (mg/L) 8.1 7.8 2.5 7.6 3.0 

TSS (mg/L) 85.1 82.2 33.0 84.0 49.8 

Test cycle 12 (brackish water)

Temperature (oC) 7.7 7.7 6.3 7.7 6.2 

pH 8.01 7.88 7.56 8.00 7.78 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.6 8.3 10.1 8.4 8.9 

Salinity (PSU) 21.6 21.6 21.5 21.6 21.5 

DOC (mg/L) 5.6 5.3 5.0 5.4 5.7 

POC (mg/L) 7.5 8.2 1.8 7.4 3.0 

TSS (mg/L) 85.9 85.1 27.4 81.3 42.9 

Test cycle 13 (brackish water)

Temperature (oC) 8.8 8.8 7.9 8.7 7.9 

pH 7.76 7.82 7.64 7.81 7.92 

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 8.1 8.2 7.7 8.1 7.1 

Salinity (PSU) 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.6 21.5 

DOC (mg/L) 5.6 5.5 4.7 5.4 5.7 

POC (mg/L) 7.6 7.3 1.5 6.9 2.3 

TSS (mg/L) 79.7 79.0 20.9 77.0 42.7 

3.5.3 Analytical methods at environmentally relevant concentrations 

All the testing measures for Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals have been detected 

according to ISO International Standards and current popular testing methods and 

equipments. For measurement method of TRO, please see section 4.2 in appendix 7. For 

measurement methods of other substances, please refer to section 4.5 in appendix 7. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 34 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Table 3.21: Testing methods of chemical substances 

4 USE OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE 

OceanGuardTM BWMS is on the basis of electrocatalysis principle, and achieves the purpose 

of killing the organisms by the Active Substances in high concentration produced in the 

system. Active Substances are shown in the form of TRO in the system. No matter in 

seawater or brackish water, the TRO level is less than 0.1mg/L while being discharged, and 

it even decreases to 0.2 mg/L in 2-3 days (Table 6.2), in order to allow ships to discharge 

water at their convenience. 

In order to allow ships to discharge water at their convenience, OceanGuardTM BWMS is 

equipped with an optional neutralization step, with sodium thiosulfate, in order to make sure 

the TRO concentration during deballasting is below 0.1-0.2 mg/L, which is the 

recommendation from the GESAMP-BWWG. Therefore, when the ballast water that contains 

the Active Substances of such a low concentration is being discharged, it will not affect the 

aquatic organisms in the discharge seawater. 

The mode specification, components, installation instructions and attentions of the 

equipments are described in detail in the system technical manual (see in appendix 6). 

For some chemical materials including the Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals 

produced by the system, health and risk assessment and risk control measures, please 

see HES (appendix 2). 

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 

See MSDS of all Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals in appendix 8. 

Testing contents Testing methods 

TRO Colorimetric DPD-method 

AOX Solid phase extraction 

EOX Solvent extraction with 

microcolorimetric tittering 

Trihalomethane compounds 

(trichloromethane, 

bromodichloromethane, 

Dirbomochloromethane, 

Tribromomtehane) 

Gas chromatography with a mass 

spectrometry detector 

Haloacetic acids (dibromoacetic acid, 

bromodichloroacetic acid, 

bromochloroacetic acid) 

Gas chromatography after a liquidliquid extraction 

Halogenated acetonitrile compounds 

(monobromoacetonitrile, 

dibromoacetonitrile) 

Liquid-liquid extraction and gas 

chromatography with electron-capture 

detection 

2,4,6- tribromophenol Gas chromatography after a liquidliquid extraction 

Dibromomethane Gas chromatography with a mass 

spectrometry detector 

Bromate Liquid chromatography 

Gas Sensor method 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 35 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION 

6.1 Screening for persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity 

Conclusion of this section is from risk characterization in appendix 1. For hydrogen peroxide 

and sodium hypochlorite, please refer to sections 1.1.5 and 1.3.6 in appendix 1 separately. 

For Relevant Chemicals, please refer to sections 2 and 6 in appendix 1 "Data of Active 

Substance and Relevant Chemicals". 

6.1.1 Persistence 

In Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals, only persistence data of 

monobromoacetonitrile is available (please see the risk characterization part – persistence of 

all chemicals in appendix 1). 

As stated in 3.4.1, modes of degradation has described, half-life of the Active Substances is 

very short. Half-lives of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite are less than 10 days, 

and can be a few minutes in some condition. 

No persistence is observed in Relevant Chemicals, except monobromoacetonitrile. For this 

persistence, it is on the basis of Procedure (G9), paragraph 6.4.1 half-life: >60 days in 

seawater, or >40 days in fresh water, or >180 days in sea sediments, or >120 days in 

freshwater sediments. There is no data available about the degradation of 

monobromoacetonitrile. 

For methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are all hard to dissolve in water, these three 

gases will overflow the water surface after being produced and no persistence is existed in 

water body. 

6.1.2 Bioaccumulation 

No substances have bioaccumulation in the substances analysed in this document. Please 

see the risk characterization part –bioaccumulation of all chemicals in appendix 1. 

Log Pow of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals are all lower than 3, except 2, 4, 6-

tribromophenol with Log Pow 4.18, but its BCF value is 20, so no bioaccumulation is existed. 

And this estimation is on the basis of Procedure (G9), paragraph 6.4.1: experimentally 

determined BCF >2000, or if no experimentally BCF has been determined, Log Pow >3. 

The three detected gases are hard to dissolve in water, so the effects on the bioaccumulation 

of the aquatic organisms can be ignored. 

6.1.3 Toxicity tests 

As described above in section 3.2.2.1, the NOEC value of sodium hypochlorite is 

lower than 0.01 mg/L and it has toxicity. NOEC of Relevant Chemicals 

(except bromodichloromethane, bromochloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, 

bromodichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetonitrile, and dibromomethane on which the data 

of chronic aquatic toxicity is not available) are all higher than 0.01 mg/L, so they have no 

toxicity. This estimation is based on paragraph 6.4.1of Procedure (G9), stating that chronic 

NOEC <0.01 mg/L indicates toxicity. Please see the risk characterization part- toxicity of all 

chemical in appendix 1. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 36 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

No chronic toxicity data of the three gases detected are found, considering that these gases 

are all hard to dissolve in water, so the effects on the aquatic organisms are small. 

From the aquatic toxicity data of the treated water in section 6.2.3, it is observed from the 

results that the treated water has small effects on the organisms, and only small inhibition 

effect on algae is observed. The toxicity is probably produced by sodium hypochlorite, and 

the toxicity of this part can be removed by the ballast water discharged into the ocean. 

6.1.4 Does the Active Substance meet all three criteria for PBT? 

According to sections 6.1.1 to 6.1.3 above, it is confirmed that all Active Substances do not 

meet the PBT standards. 

6.2 Evaluation of the treated ballast water 

6.2.1 Introduction of land-based testing 

Land-based testing of OceanGuardTM BWMS is completed at NIVA, Norway. Test waters are 

seawater and brackish water. Seawater is supplied from various depths in Oslofjord, while 

fresh water is supplied from ground water. The test facility includes pipeline, cleaning 

equipment, treated tanks, control tanks and so on. All tanks are coved to prevent exposure to 

light. The surfaces of the tanks are coated with coating for ships. Tests are divided into test 

cycles for brackish water with the salinity about 22 PSU and test cycles for seawater with the 

salinity of 32 PSU. Thirteen testing cycles are carried out, including eight cycles for brackish 

water and five cycles for seawater. All the testing processes are strictly in accordance 

with Guidelines (G8) and Procedure (G9) Requirements (see QAPP for land-based testing, in 

appendix 7). 

OceanGuardTM BWMS under test is a complete system, including a filter, an EUT unit, 

control unit, sensor and other necessary parts. The system is operated under the rated flow 

capacity of 300 m3

/h. 

6.2.1.1 Test contents: 

 .1 Chemical measurements 

Chemical measurements include parameters like temperature, salinity, 

DOC, POC and TSS of influent water, treated water and control water in a 

certain period. Two qualities of water are used, the brackish water with the 

salinity about 22 PSU and the seawater with the salinity about 32 PSU. All 

the chemical parameters of influent water have met the requirements of 

paragraph 2.3.16 of Guidelines (G8) for DOC, TOC, TSS and salinity. 

Testing methods and equipments are adopted in accordance with 

International standards for water quality test (see the section 3.3 in 

appendix 4, Table 9). 

 .2 Toxicity testing of treated ballast water 

The testing is carried out according to the requirements of toxicity test in 

section 5.2 of Procedure (G9), including the acute and chronic toxicity test 

on algae, invertebrate and fish, and chronic toxicity and reproductive 

toxicity test on the organisms in susceptible life stages. All the tests are in 

accordance with relevant international standards (see the toxicity data in 

section 7.2.3 in the application or the section 3.8 in the appendix 4). 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 37 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

 .3 Biological measurements 

Biological measurements include the testing on the numbers of the 

organisms required in Guidelines (G8) of raw water, treated water and 

control water. Every organism index in all the test water has met the 

relevant requirements in Guidelines (G8), paragraph 2.3.19 (see the 

section 3.4 in appendix 4). 

 .4 Disinfection by-products 

DBPs that may be produced in the entire test cycles in the ballast water 

treatment process are detected quantitatively, including trihalomethane 

compounds, haloacetic acids, halogenated acetonitrile compounds, 

propane compounds, bromate, AOX, EOX (see the test methods in 

section 4.5.3). Gases that are possibly produced are also detected (see the 

test results in section 3.3.4 of appendix 4, Table 13). 

 .5 TRO decay 

TRO is a very important parameter in the treatment process, and is 

measured every day during ballast water storage. Only when TRO 

decreases to <0.2 mg/L while deballasting, the ballast water can be directly 

discharged into the sea (see the test results in Table 6.2 of the application 

or Table 9 in section 3.3 of appendix 4). 

 .6 Chemical fate analysis 

Continuous tracking tests for DBPs concentration of treated water 

are carried out. Changes in concentration of DBPs during storage and 

within 48 hours after being discharged are got and environmental fate study 

for DBPs is carried out (see the section 7.2.4 in the application or the 

section 3.3.2 in appendix 4, Figure 2-5). 

 .7 Sludge characterization 

In order to take contrast of changes in the influent water and treated water 

during ballasting, the quality of the discharged sludge is tested. The test 

includes the specific parameters like salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen, etc. 

(see the detail in section 3.3.3 of appendix 4). 

6.2.2 TRO degradation 

The degradation of TRO is obtained according to the testing data in the land-based testing. 

The TRO degradation will take place in the first 24 hours at the maximum speed, and 

over 80% degradation takes place during this period. Please refer to the following Table 6.2. 

It can be indicated that TRO concentrations in most testing cycles are lower than 0.2 mg/L on 

Day 2. And on Day 5, TRO concentrations in all the cycles are lower than 0.1 mg/L. 

The following Table 6.2 shows the degradation of TRO in land-based testing. Data of 

Table 6.2 are from appendix 4 (please refer to Table 9 of section 3.3 in appendix 4 "Land 

based Test Report"). 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 38 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Table 6.2: TRO degradation in land-based testing 

Unit: mg/L 

Cycle 

No. 

Online 

TRO TRO 

(day 0) 

TRO 

(day 1) 

TRO 

(day 2) 

TRO 

(day 5 

before DB) 

TRO 

(day 5 after DB)

Cycle 1 2.0 0.95 0.04 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 

Cycle 2 1.5 0.4 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 

Cycle 3 1.5 0.62 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 

Cycle 4 1.5 0.69 0.04 0.02 <0.02 <0.02 

Cycle 5 2.0 1.93 0.15 0.05 <0.02 0.02 

Cycle 6 1.5 1.28 0.31 0.16 0.03 0.04 

Cycle 7 2.0 1.39 0.44 0.31 0.09 0.09 

Cycle 8 2.0 1.46 0.51 0.31 0.11 0.09 

Cycle 9 1.5 1.23 0.29 0.16 0.05 0.05 

Cycle 

10 

1.5 1.16 0.43 0.25 0.07 0.07 

Cycle 

11 

2.5 2.37 0.16 0.07 0.03 0.02 

Cycle 

12 

3.0 2.74 0.43 0.19 0.08 0.07 

Cycle 

13 

2.0 1.85 0.28 0.14 0.09 0.04 

In order to allow ships to discharge water at their convenience, OceanGuardTM BWMS is 

equipped with an optional neutralization step, with sodium thiosulfate, in order to make sure the 

TRO concentration is below 0.1-0.2 mg/L, which is the recommendation from the GESAMP. 

6.2.3 Acute/chronic aquatic toxicity test 

The treated ballast water was tested for acute, chronic toxicity for five organisms, including 

algae, copepods and fish. Tests with copepods and fish involve long term exposure with 

frequent renewal. All the test methods are according to the relevant international testing 

standards. See the details in appendix 4 – land-based test report and appendix 7 – QAPP 

for land-based testing. 

A total of 45 toxicity tests with 6 different species and 5 different phyla have been performed. 

The results of the toxicity testing indicate that ballast water treated with OceanGuardTM

BWMS has little or no toxic effects upon discharge. It is therefore unlikely that the treated 

and discharged ballast water will have any adverse effect in the recipient water upon 

deballasting. 

6.2.3.1 Fish toxicity testing 

The acute toxicity tests of fish were performed according OECD guideline 203 modified for 

marine fish (Scopthalmus maximus)-Fish, Acute Toxicity Test. The tests were performed as 

semi static test with daily renewal of the treated water or the control water. 

A prolonged exposure test with juvenile turbot (Scopthalmus maximus) was carried out in 

accordance with the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals 215 – Fish Juvenile Growth 

Test. The test duration was 28 days with renewal of the test water three times per week. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 39 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Effects on growth rates were compared to the control (please see the detailed process and 

test result in section 3.8 of appendix 4, Table 18). 

Table 6.3: Results of fish acute/chronic toxicity tests of treated ballast water 

Fish acute tests 

Test cycle Effects Results 

2 (brackish water) LC50 >100% 

6 (seawater) LC50 >100% 

Fish chronic tests 

2-5 (brackish 

water) 

NOEC ≥100% 

7-10 (seawater) NOEC ≥100% 

It is observed from the test data that treated ballast water has no acute/chronic toxicity on 

fish being discharged directly. 

6.2.3.2 Invertebrate toxicity testing 

An acute toxicity test was performed on Acartia tonsa according to ISO 14669: Determination 

of acute lethal toxicity to marine copepods. The number of survivors is accounted for 

after 24 and 48 hours. 

A test covering the early life stages of marine and brackish harpaciticoid copepod 

(Nitocra spinipes) was carried out. A semi-static procedure was used with test water 

changed every day. Survival of the parent females and the number of offspring produced by 

each female was recorded and compared to the control (please see the detailed process and 

test result in section 3.8 of appendix 4, Table 19). 

Table 6.4: Results of invertebrate acute/chronic toxicity tests 

of treated ballast water 

Acute invertebrate tests 

Test cycle Effects Results 

2 (brackish water) NOEC >100% 

6 (seawater) NOEC >100% 

11 (brackish water) NOEC >100% 

Chronic invertebrate tests 

1-2 (brackish 

water) 

NOEC ≥100% 

7-8 (seawater) NOEC ≥100% 

It is observed from the test data that the treated ballast water has no acute/chronic toxicity on 

invertebrate if being discharged directly. 

6.2.3.3 Growth inhibition of the marine alga 

The algae growth inhibition test was performed according to ISO 10253: Water Quality – 

Marine algal growth inhibition test with Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum 

tricornutum. Skeletonema costatum is adopted in the test. The cell density of algae is 

determined by counting after 24, 48 and 72 hours (please see the detailed process and test 

result in section 3.8 of appendix 4, Table 20). 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 40 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Table 6.5: Results of alga inhibition toxicity of treated water 

Test cycle Day number EC10 (%) EC50 (%) 

1 (brackish water) 0 23 >100 

5 >100 >100 

2 (brackish water) 0 35 >100 

5 96 >100 

3 (brackish water) 0 56 61 

5 49 54 

4 (brackish water) 0 100 >100 

5 >100 >100 

0 52 58 

1 56 61 

2 53 59 

5 (brackish water) 

5 >100 >100 

6 (seawater) 0 34 43 

5 >100 >100 

7 (seawater) 0 37 49 

5 80 >100 

8 (seawater) 0 52 56 

5 97 >100 

9 (seawater) 0 34 43 

5 >100 >100 

0 55 57 

1 77 >100 

2 >100 >100 

10 (seawater) 

5 >100 >100 

11 (brackish water) 0 53 60 

5 68 >100 

12 (brackish water) 0 36 46 

5 >100 >100 

13 (brackish water) 0 52 57 

5 68 >100 

It can be observed from the results that when treated ballast water is being discharged, it will 

only have slight inhibition effect on susceptible alga. It can be indicated from the results that 

after being diluted for 5 times, treated ballast water will have no effect on susceptible alga. 

Treated ballast water after 5 days' storage will have no effect on susceptible alga 

after 2 times dilution.

Ballast water discharged will be diluted by many times with seawater. Based on calculation 

with MAMPEC, there should be no effect to organisms in the water since ballast water is 

diluted by hundreds of times. Please refer to Table 6.8 in this application. 

6.2.3.4 Chronic oyster embryo tests 

Test with Oyster embryo is based on the ASTM method. The Oyster embryo is susceptible 

in vivo test. The test measured the success of trocophore larvae to develop into a normal 

D-stage veliger larvae following 48 hours exposure to the treated water and control water. 

(please see the detailed process and test result in section 3.8 of appendix 4, Table 21). 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 41 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Table 6.6: Results of oyster embryo toxicity of treated ballast water 

Test cycle LC50 (%) NOEC (%) Comment 

3 

(brackish water) 

>100 56 Untreated water showed more 

effects 

8 (seawater) >100 ≥100% 

13 

(brackish water) 

52 32 Untreated water had similar 

results 

It is observed in the contrast data that even for the control water it has effects on the 

development of oyster embryo. And comparing with control water, treated water seems to 

make smaller effects. 

6.2.3.5 Reproduction test with rotatoria Brachionus plicatilis

The chronic toxicity to rotatoria was studied using the marine species Brachionus plicatilis. 

The test procedure is based on the standard test method ISO 2008 20666-Determination of 

the chronic toxicity to Brachionus calyciflorus. Freshly hatched rotatoria was incubated in the 

treated water and in control water for 72 hours (please see the detailed process and test 

result in section 3.8 of appendix 4, Table 22). 

Table 6.7: Rotatoria Brachionus plicatilis reproductive toxicity 

of treated ballast water 

Test cycle EC50 (%) NOEC (%) 

4 (brackish water) >100 ≥100% 

10 (seawater) >100 ≥100% 

It is observed form the data that the treated ballast water has no toxicity on rotatoria while 

being discharged. 

6.2.4 Degradation test of Relevant Chemicals 

In test cycle 5 for low salinity range (22 PSU) and test cycle 10 for high salinity range 

(32 PSU), a chemical fate analysis was performed. Samples were taken for analysis in a few 

days after treatment and in 48 hours after ballast water discharge (see the details in 

appendix 4). 

Relevant Chemicals of DBPs are mostly formed during the first days of storage. Most of them 

are of high concentration in brackish water, and the concentration in seawater is much lower. 

That is because concentration of organics is high in brackish water, so that there are more 

products. Most substances in the water turn to be stable in property after being discharged 

and the concentration basically does not change in the first 48 hours. 

The majority of tribromothemane was formed during the 2 to 5 first days. The concentrations 

of tribromothemane detected were higher in brackish water than in seawater, and reached 

values between 600-700 μg/L. However, such levels are not higher than values that can be 

found in public swimming pools. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 42 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

6.2.5 Determination of holding time 

The three factors below are considered for the determination of holding time: 

.1 TRO degradation 

The degradations of TRO in all test cycles are described in detail in 

section 6.2.2. Initial concentration of TRO is set at 2.0 mg/L. According to 

the results from land based testing, TRO can be degraded to lower 

than 0.1-0.2 mg/L to meet the requirements of GESAMP-BWWG 

after 5 days storage. 

.2 Concentration of the Relevant Chemicals 

Highest concentration of the substances generated by the treatment of the 

system (day 0 to day 5) (see Table 3.1 in application). Some are lower 

than the PNEC, and for the other substances, the concentration after 

dilution is lower than the PNEC. MAMPEC model is adopted in the dilution 

simulation. So it can be indicated that there will be no effect from the 

substances to the organisms no matter being directly discharged or being 

discharged after dilution (see section 6.3.6 in application). 

.3 Aquatic toxicity of the treated water 

Toxicity of treated ballast water on alga is tested with samples sampled on 

day 0 and day 5 after treatment in every cycle. In addition, toxicity tests for 

samples sampled on day 1 and day 2 are taken in brackish water testing 

(cycle 5) and seawater testing (cycle 10) (see section 7.2.3.3 in 

application). It is observed from the test data that treated ballast water 

basically has no toxicity on the alga when being discharged after 5 days. 

It has toxicity on the alga when discharged directly after treatment, and it 

will turn harmless by taking a couple of times of dilution. Considering the 

actual situation that ballast water will be diluted immediately with a large 

number of multiples, direct discharge can be accepted by the environment. 

By a general consideration of the three factors discussed above, it is confirmed that TRO 

concentration and biotoxicity are very low when ballast water being discharged after 5-day 

storage on board, so that it has no harm to organisms in the water. So holding time for 

treated ballast water can be 5 days. 

6.3 Risk characterization and analysis 

6.3.1 Reaction with organic matter 

Active Substances produced by the system will react with the organics in the water and 

generate some Relevant Chemicals. In land-based testing, a quantitative test is carried out 

for DBPs that may be produced. Please see the substances names and concentrations 

in Table 3.1 and the detailed data in section 3.3.2 of appendix 4. 

6.3.2 Characterization of degradation route and rate 

The degradation route and half-life of Active Substances produced by the system are 

described in section 3.4.1 above. No matter whether there can be biodegraded under 

aerobic/anaerobic condition or not, the degradation rate of Active Substances is very fast. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 43 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

According to the TRO degradation in land-based testing, it is proved that the degradation of 

Active Substances in water is less than 24 hours. 

The tracking time on Relevant Chemicals in land-based testing is not very long, so the 

half-lives of every substance cannot be calculated. The degradation route and half-life 

of Relevant Chemicals produced by the system are researched in a lot of literatures, and as 

described in section 3.4.1.2, except the gases, the half-lives of the other substances are all 

shorter than 60 days with no persistence observed (see the details in appendix 1, modes of 

degradation of all substances). 

6.3.3 Prediction of discharge and environmental concentrations 

As in the application for Basic Approval, MAMPEC Ver. 2.0 is used to stimulate PEC. 

OECD-EU model is used as well (see the detailed data in appendix 3). The concentrations 

of substances being analysed in the model are the highest from the 13 test cycles in 

land-based testing. 

Carbon monoxide and methane are diluted by large quantity of fresh air after entering into 

the atmosphere, and they are hard to dissolve in water. So the concentrations in water are 

even lower, indicating that it will not make effects on the aquatic organisms. 

CMax is the highest concentration of each substance detected in land-based testing, and PEC 

is calculated from MAMPEC. It can be figured out from the comparison between PEC and 

CMax in Table 6.8 that ballast water will be diluted by hundreds or even thousands of times. 

Calculation on PEC of Relevant Chemicals are not carried out, since CMax of these 

substances are lower than the respective PNEC, there is no need to carry out the calculation 

or analysis. 

Table 6.8: PEC of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals 

calculated from MAMPEC 

(unit: μg/L) 

Chemical name C Max Harbor Surroundings 

(μg/L) Average 

Con. 

Max. Con. Average 

Con. 

Max. Con. 

Sodium hypochlorite 90 2.71x10-2 5.89x10-2 1.39x10-3 7.00x10-3

Dibromochloromethane 18 1.08x10-1 2.91x10-1 3.28x10-3 1.80x10-2

Tribromomethane 670 4.21 1.17x101 1.25x10-1 7.06x10-1

Dibromoacetic acid 26 2.17x10-1 6.11x10-1 5.35810-3 3.20x10-2

Monobromoacetonitrile 0.6 4.61x10-3 1.298x10-2 1.20x10-4 1.00x10-3

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.8 3.63x10-3 9.29x10-3 1.32x10-4 1.00x10-3

Bromate 7.2 1.45x10-2 3.06x10-2 8.43x10-4 4.12x10-3

6.3.4 Assessment of potential for bioaccumulation 

Log Pow values of Active Substances produced by the system and all Relevant 

Chemicals are all below 3 except gases and 2,4,6-tribromophenol. Considering 

that 2,4,6-tribromophenol BCF value is 20, so the possibility of bioaccumulation of this 

substance is very small. Therefore, the bioaccumulation of Active Substances and Relevant 

Chemicals is insignificant. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 44 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

6.3.5 Effects assessment 

The toxicity of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals in treated water on the aquatic 

organisms (including alga, invertebrate, fish and their susceptible life stage) is assessed. 

Since BCF values of these substances are all below 500L/kg, there is no necessity to take 

secondary assessment on the mammalian and birds that are top predators. 

Except 2,4,6-tribromophenol, Koc values of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals are 

all below 500L/kg. While BCF value (20) of 2,4,6-TBP is low, the substance will not 

accumulate in organisms. The maximum concentration of 2,4,6-TBP detected in land-based 

testing is 0.1 μg/L, which has just exceeded the minimum tested concentration on the 

instrument, so the effects on organisms can be ignored. Therefore, there is no necessity to 

take effects assessment on the sedimentary layer species of the substances. 

6.3.6 Effects on aquatic organisms 

The PNEC values of all substances are obtained according to the aquatic acute/chronic 

toxicity data. The selection principle of assessment factors is based on the Table 2, 

section 6.3.6 "Effect assessment for deriving PNECs for fresh water and saltwater" in 

Methodology for information gathering and the conduct of work of GESAMP-BWWG. 

As data on toxicity of bromodichloroacetic acid, dibromoacetic acid, monobromoacetonitrile 

and dibromomethane are very limited, the following method is adopted. 

For bromodichloroacetic acid, PNEC value of 6.9 μg/L is chosen as reference 

(Ref. MEPC 59/2/6). For dibromoacetic acid, PNEC value of 6.9 μg/L is chosen 

(Ref. MEPC 56/2/2). Monobromoacetonitrile is more toxic than dibromoacetonitrile, so PNEC 

of this substance is set at 1/10 of that of dibromoacetonitrile; 

Toxicity of dibromomethane is smaller than that of tribromomethane, so PNEC value of 

tribromomethane of 5.8 μg/L is adopted as that of dibromomethane. 

MAMPEC Ver. 2.0 is used to stimulate PEC. OECD-EU model is used as well in Basic 

application. CMax is the highest concentration of each substance detected in treated water in 

land-based testing, and is the input for the model. It is not the concentration after dilution 

calculated from MAMPEC. If C Max is lower than respective PNEC, which can make sure that 

PEC/PNEC <1, there will be no need to calculate PEC from MAMPEC in order to analyse the 

PEC/PNEC value. For the analysis with MAM-PEC, please refer to appendix 3 "Emission 

scenarios document of ballast water treated by OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management 

System". Only for substances with a maximum discharge concentration exceeding the 

corresponding PNEC value, the eEmission scenario simulations are taken. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 45 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Table 6.9: C Max from land-based testing results, PNEC and PEC values 

of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals 

Chemical name C Max 

(μg/L) 

PNEC 

assessment 

factor 

PNEC 

(μg/L) 

PEC 

(μg/L) 

PEC/PNEC

Hypochlorous acid/ 

sodium hypochlorite 

90 10 0.3 2.71x10-2 0.09 

Bromodichloromethane 0.8 5000 13.4 0.8 (CMax ) 0.06 

Dibromochloromethane 18 1000 3.2 0.108 0.033 

Tribromomethane 670 500 5.8 4.2 0.72 

Trichloromethane 0.1 100 34 0.1 (CMax) 0.003 

Bromochloroacetic acid 0.31 5000 1.38 0.31 (CMax) 0.22 

Bromodichloroacetic 

acid 

0.13 N/A 6.9 0.13 (CMax) 0.019 

Dibromoacetic acid 26 N/A 6.9 0.217 0.031 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.1 500 0.4 0.1 (CMax) 0.25 

Monobromoacetonitrile 0.6 N/A 0.012 0.0046 0.38 

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.8 5000 0.12 3.63x10-3 3.0x10-4

Dibromomethane 1.3 N/A 3.4 1.3 (CMax) 0.38 

Bromate 7.2 5000 6.2 1.45x10-2 2.3x10-3

Data in the above table are from the sections of PEC/PNEC evaluation in appendix 1 

"Data of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals". For calculation of PNEC of sodium 

hypochlorite, pleases refer to section 1.3.7 of appendix 1. For calculation of PNEC of 

Relevant Chemicals, please refer to section 2 and 7 of appendix 1. 

It is observed from above that all the PEC/PNEC values of the substances are below 1, 

indicating that no effects of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals on the aquatic 

organisms are observed. 

6.3.7 Effects on sediments 

Koc values of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals except 2,4,6-tribromophenol 

(1.19x103

), are all below 500 L/kg, and BCF value of all substances are low as well, so no 

bioaccumulation will be observed in the sediment and there will be no effects on the species 

of sedimentary layer. 

2,4,6-TBP BCF value (20) is small, so it cannot accumulate in organisms. The maximum 

concentration of 2,4,6-TBP tested in land-based testing is 0.1 μg/L, which has just exceeded 

the minimum test limit of the instrument. Therefore, there is no necessity to take effects 

assessment on sedimentary layer species of the substances produced by the system (see 

sediment toxicity of all chemical substances detected in the land-based testing in 

section 3.2.4 of the application). 

6.3.8 Comparison of effect assessment with discharge toxicity 

Ecotoxicity of treated ballast water being discharged in the land-based testing is listed in 

detail in section 6.2.3 of the application, and the test results show that the treated water 

being discharged directly makes slight effects on the susceptible species (alga) of the 

aquatic organism, and it has no acute/chronic toxicity on the average organisms. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 46 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Concentrations of some substances are higher than the respective PNEC values. These 

substances will have effects on some of the sensitive organisms in water if treated water is 

without any dilution, which is in accordance with the toxicity testing. 

After being diluted with plenty of water in the ocean, concentration of the substances will be 

diluted to lower than that of water before dilution. Treated ballast water being discharged will 

be harmless to organisms. Please refer to the detailed information in Table 6.9 in this 

application. 

7 RISK ASSESSMENT 

7.1 Risk to safety of ship 

7.1.1 Corrosion test 

Water treated by OceanGuardTM BWMS has been tested in a corrosion test (please see 

section 3.5.2.1 of the application). The results show that the corrosions from treated water 

and natural seawater are basically the same and no intensified corrosion is observed on the 

metals or organic materials. Therefore, ballast water treated by OceanGuardTM BWMS, will 

not lead to intensified corrosion to ballast pipeline, ballast tank or sealing components 

(please see the data in appendix 5). 

7.1.2 Fire and explosion 

The gases that are possibly produced are tested in land-based testing, including carbon 

monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, oxygen and flammable gas (including methane and 

hydrogen). Carbon monoxide of certain concentration and a small quantity of flammable gas 

are detected. The other three gases are not detected. Carbon monoxide and methane are 

the products of redox reaction taken by Active Substances with organics in water. They are 

possibly produced in the water with high organic concentration, and their concentration is 

related to the organic content in water. 

Burning and explosion will be caused by carbon monoxide of concentration 12.5-74.2% (v/v) 

when contacting with oxygen. In all test cycles, the highest concentration of carbon monoxide 

detected is 358 ppm (0.035%(v/v)), which is far lower than the burning lower limit, so carbon 

monoxide will not burn or explode. The concentration that does not reach the burning lower 

limit has already exceeded the toxic concentration to human, so the toxicity of this substance 

is far more dangerous than its explosiveness. Toxicity of carbon monoxide should be 

considered firstly. Please see the possible health effect evaluation of carbon monoxide on 

human body in HES in section 4.2 of appendix 2). 

Flammable gas detected in low concentration is methane, or hydrogen, or combination of the 

two gases. It should be methane according to results from pilot testing. 

Methane is a flammable gas, so it is possible to explode when reaching a certain threshold. 

In all test cycles, the highest concentration of flammable gas is 6.0% LEL, which is far lower 

from 100% LEL (lowest explosion threshold of flammable gas), so there are no dangers of 

burning or explosion. As TRO concentration decreases, concentration of flammable gas will 

not increase. As density of the flammable gas is lower than that in the air, it will float up 

slowly and overflow the ballast tank so that the concentration in the ballast tank will be lower 

and lower. So the flammable gas has no possibility of burning in the ballast tank. Since there 

are potential risks to safety of personnel and ship from the explosion of flammable gases, 

detailed analysis is carried out in the appendix 2. Please refer to section 4.3 in appendix 2 

"Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario". 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 47 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

According to data from land-based testing, no flammable gas is detected outside the tanks 

(at the hatch). It is indicated that once the gas goes out of the tanks, it will be diluted with 

plenty of fresh air, so that the concentration of gas deceases to be very low. Gas comes out 

from the leakage of air pipes and sounding pipes will be diluted simultaneously by plenty of 

fresh air. So there will be no risks to human safety. 

For engineers working in the engine room who are responsible for sampling of treated ballast 

water and maintenance of the BWMS when there is leakage from the system, since quantity 

of treated water flowing out will be very limited and flammable gas produced will be diluted by 

fresh air to plenty of times, the possibility of explosion is very small. 

Flammable gas is generated in the EUT unit. During operation, EUT unit and pipelines are 

filled with water, and gases produced are flowed into the ballast tank with the water. Water 

accumulated in the EUT unit and pipelines is very limited. After operation, gases in the 

residual water are insignificant, and will be flowed into the ballast tanks during next 

operation. Gas accumulation in the EUT unit and pipes is insignificant. 

7.1.3 Storage and handling of the substances 

Active Substance is generated inside the EUT unit through chemical reactions, so there is no 

need for manual transportation or addition of chemical substances. OceanGuardTM BWMS is 

a sealed system which the crew cannot be contacted. 

7.1.4 Contact with, or inhalation of, process products 

OceanGuardTM BWMS is sealed, and the produced substances in ballast water all flow into 

ballast tank, so the chance for crew to contact with treated ballast water is possibly taking 

place inside the ballast tank or when they are collecting water sample at sample points, or 

even there is leakage of the system. Although possibility is very insignificant for the third 

situation, it should be considered. 

When there is water in ballast tank, the crew and maintenance personnel are not allowed to 

enter the tank. After ballast water is discharged, there is the possibility that the crew may 

step on a few residual ballast water or inhale the residual gas. However, the quantity of 

residual ballast water after discharge is very few which can only contacts the heel. During 

deballasting, large quantity of fresh air rushes into the tank and dilutes the original gases by 

multiples, so that the gas concentration will decrease substantially. An exhaust fan is installed at 

hatch of ballast tank, which can help decrease the concentration of harmful gases. 

According to the results of land-based testing, during ballasting and deballasting, no gas is 

detected outside the tank, indicating that the dilution multiple of the gas at hatchway is 

relatively high (section 3.3.4 in appendix 4). 

When the staff is sampling or encountering system leakage by accident, they may inhale the 

gases produced by the system or occasionally contact with the leaking ballast water, but the 

quantity of contact is very limited. 

Therefore, it is confirmed that under normal circumstances, the crew cannot contact or inhale 

the treated ballast water or the chemical substances produced by the system, and they can 

just contact few chemical substances by accident. 

Exposure scenario of crew occupational exposure, which is based on practical conditions, is 

described in section 4 of appendix 2 "Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario". 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 48 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

7.1.5 Noise 

During operation, possible parts that may generate noise are pumps and ultrasound part in the 

EUT unit. Measurements of noise are carried out around the system. According to the test 

results, the effect of noise on the surroundings and staff is insignificant. 

7.2 Risks to human health 

According to the requirements of appendix 2 of the Methodology, human health assessment 

is taken on the staff that may contact with the ballast water or gases generated by the 

system, including the staff on board and the public who may be exposed to the discharged 

ballast water. 

Fifteen chemical substances including gases are detected in land-based testing. 

Assessment on effect to human health from tribromethane, carbon monoxide and flammable 

gas is carried out in appendix 2 "Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario". 

Flammable gases do not have biological toxicity, however, explosion or combustion maybe 

triggered once the concentration reach a certain level. So attention should be taken on the 

explosion. In annex 2 of the application, analysis is carried out on the possibility of explosion 

from the flammable gases, under different circumstances. There is also description of this 

part, in section 7.1.2 of this application. Measurements and analysis on the carbon monoxide 

and flammable gases will be continued during the following shipboard testing. 

As it is stated by the applicant, if the detected concentration of these substances in ballast 

water is lower than the concentration specified by the International Drinking Water Standard, 

it can be confirmed that this substance makes no effects on human health in any approaches 

of exposure. Only tribromomethane has exceeded the standard, so detailed assessment is 

carried out. Gases detected include carbon monoxide and flammable gases. Concentration 

of flammable gases is very low, far lower from the explosion limit. (Refer to section 8.1.2 

"Application for Final Approval of Active Substances used by OceanGuardTM BWMS"). 

HES document makes assessment only on the exposure scenarios which have the 

possibility to occur. The applicant considers that some unrealistic assumptions have no 

need to be analysed (please refer to appendix 2 "Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario 

for detailed contents"). 

7.2.1 Exposure scenarios 

Exposure is divided into occupational exposure and public exposure. 

The objects of occupational exposure are the adults with ability of working on board. 

The scenarios in the ballast water of occupational exposure mainly include three kinds: 

 .1 maintenance personnel that enter the ballast tan; 

 .2 sampling personnel of BWMS; and 

 .3 operation staff of BWMS. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 49 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

Staff on deck may be exposed in the gases overfloating from the vent-pipe in the ballast 

tank. According to the results in land-based testing, no gas concentration is detected at the 

hatchway during the process of ballasting or deballasting. It is shown that the gas 

concentration is very low at hatchway, so no exposure assessment is taken for the staff on deck. 

In occupational exposure, the exposure concentration of skin contact is that of the undiluted 

treated ballast water. The inhalation concentration is diluted air. 

For detailed exposure assumptions of occupational exposure, please refer to section 4.1.1.1 

of appendix 2 "Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario". 

For public exposure, the objects are adult, children and aged people. The exposure scenario 

is only one: the swimming crowd in the sea. The major exposure route is skin contact, 

inhalation and oral contact. 

Since the electrocatalysis part of EUT unit is not operated during deballasting, no carbon 

monoxide is produced in the discharged ballast water, so no assessment on it is taken. 

For detailed exposure assumptions of public exposure, please refer to section 4.1.2.1 of 

appendix 2 "Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario". 

Tribromomethane and carbon monoxide which need to be assessed do not have 

bioaccumulation, so no indirect exposure assumption is taken. 

7.2.2 Exposure assessment 

HES is to assess the effect degree of the chemical substances on human body by calculating 

Margin of Safety (MOS). NOAEL of skin and mouth contact exposure is obtained according 

to the long-term exposure test of the animals. Basic MOSref is selected as 100, 10 for 

interspecies variability – between animals and humans, 10 for intraspecies variability – 

among humans. For the susceptible group, MOSref (1000) is taken for the aged people and 

children. The inhalation NOAEL values of inhalation exposure are derived from the maximum 

acceptable concentration in workshop in the international standards. Basically, MOSref is 

selected to be at 1 for adult and 10 for the children and aged people. See below: 

 MOS=NOAEL (mg/kg/d)/Exposure (mg/kg/d) 

If MOS < MOSref, it is proved that in a certain exposure route, the chemical substance in this 

concentration exceeds the non-hazardous effect level of human body, so it will effect human 

health. 

Table 7.1: Evaluation on effect for health of tribromomethane 

Exposure type Exposure 

route MOS MOSref 

Dermal 2.17x105 Occupational 100 

exposure/in ballast 

tanks Inhalation 1.45 1 

Dermal 1.04x105 100 Occupational 

exposure/sampling Inhalation 1.45 1 

Occupational 

exposure/leakage Dermal 5.0x106

 100 
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Annex, page 50 

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Exposure type Exposure 

route MOS MOSref 

Inhalation 1.45 1 

Dermal 1.60x106 100 

Inhalation 65.8 1 Public 

exposure/adults 

Oral 1.55x107

 100 

Dermal 1.14x106 1000 

Inhalation 65.8 10 Public 

exposure/children 

Oral 6.25x106

 1000 

Dermal 1.60x106 1000 

Inhalation 65.8 10 Public exposure/ 

aging 

Oral 1.55x107

 1000 

Table 7.2: Results of carbon monoxide harm on human body 

Exposure approach MOS MOSref 

Occupational exposure/in ballast 

tanks 

1.62 1 

MOS calculated from different approaches are higher than MOSref. However, considering 

there might be some uncertain factors, protection measures should be taken when working 

on the vessels, and proper operation practices in appendix 6 should be abided by. Please 

refer to section 5 of appendix 2 "Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario" for detailed 

description of risk control, and section 9.1 in appendix 6 "Technical Manual of OceanGuardTM

Ballast Water Management System" for proper operation practices. 

7.3 Risks to the aquatic environment 

As indicated in Table 7.3, PEC/PNEC values of all Active Substances and Relevant 

Chemicals are below 1, so the treated ballast water being discharged has no effects on 

aquatic organism in water. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 51 

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Table 7.3: PEC/PNEC values of Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals 

(refer to Table 6.9 in the application) 

Chemical name PNEC (μg/L) PEC (μg/L) PEC/PNEC 

Hypochlorous acid/ 

sodium hypochlorite 

0.3 2.71x10-2 0.09 

Bromodichloromethane 13.4 0.8 (CMax ) 0.06 

Dibromochloromethane 3.2 0.108 0.033 

Tribromomethane 5.8 4.2 0.72 

Trichloromethane 34 0.1 (CMax) 0.003 

Bromochloroacetic acid 1.38 0.31 (CMax) 0.22 

Bromodichloroacetic 

acid 

6.9 0.13 (CMax) 0.019 

Dibromoacetic acid 6.9 0.217 0.031 

2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.4 0.1 (CMax) 0.25 

Monobromoacetonitrile 0.012 0.0046 0.38 

Dibromoacetonitrile 0.12 3.63x10-3 3.0x10-4

Dibromomethane 3.4 1.3 (CMax) 0.38 

Bromate 6.2 1.45x10-2 2.3x10-3

By taking toxicity test of the treated ballast water on the organisms in different species and 

nutrition levels, it is confirmed that the ballast treated by OceanGuardTM BWMS will not make 

any negative effects on aquatic organisms. 

8 CONCLUSION 

The land-based testing is carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements in 

Guidelines (G8) and Procedure (G9). It is shown from the results that water treated by 

OceanGuardTM BWMS conforms to the D-2 standard. During ballasting, TRO degradation is 

very fast, indicating that the GESAMP-BWWG requirement of TRO <0.2 mg/L for treated 

water can be met after 5-day storage on board with an initial TRO concentration of 2.0 mg/L. 

Some Relevant Chemicals including gases are also produced during the treatment process, 

and these substances are evaluated in Human Exposure Scenario assessment document. It 

is concluded that no health effects can be observed on the staff on board or the public, and 

the treated water do not have any toxicity on the aquatic organisms after being discharged 

into water. 

Therefore, although there are Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals generated in 

OceanGuardTM BWMS, it has no harm on human health or other organisms, so the system is 

safe and efficient. OceanGuardTM BWMS fits for the requirements for installation and usage 

on all types of ships. 
MEPC 61/2/7 

Annex, page 52 

I:\MEPC\61\2-7.doc 

9 APPENDICES CONTAINED IN THE CONFIDENTIAL DOSSIER

APPENDIX 1 Data of Active Substance and Relevant Chemicals 

APPENDIX 2 Assessment on Human Exposure Scenario of Ballast Water Treated by 

OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management 

System 

APPENDIX 3 Emission Scenarios Document of Ballast Water Treated by 

OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management System 

APPENDIX 4 Land-based Test Report 

APPENDIX 5 Corrosion Test Report 

APPENDIX 6 Technical Manual of OceanGuardTM Ballast Water Management System 

APPENDIX 7 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for Full-scale Testing of the 

Ballast Water Management System of Qingdao Headway Marine 

Technology 

APPENDIX 8 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 

APPENDIX 9 Shipboard Test Report 

APPENDIX 10 Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) for Shipboard Test of the Ballast 

Water Management System of Qingdao Headway Marine Technology 

_____________