NOTICE: NOT FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATION.
UNDER ARIZONA RULE OF THE SUPREME COURT 111(c), THIS DECISION IS NOT PRECEDENTIAL
AND MAY BE CITED ONLY AS AUTHORIZED BY RULE

.

IN THE 

## A RIZONA 

## C OURT OF 

## A PPEALS

D IVISION O NE

TIMOTHY R. WRIGHT

, Plaintiff/Appell ee ,

v.

AH MA D WALI MAILATYAR, et al.

, Defendant s /Appell ants

.

No. 1 CA

- CV 23

- 0046

Appeal from the Superior Court in Maricopa County

No. CV2020

- 016778 The Honorable Sara J. Agne

, Judge

DISMISSED IN PART ; AFFIRMED IN PART

COUNSEL

Dorsey & Whitney LLP , Phoenix By Isaac M. Gabriel, Julie P. Ibrahim Counsel for Plaintiff/Appell ee

Law Office of Timothy M. Collier PLLC, Phoenix By Timothy M. Collier
C ounsel for Defendant s

/Appell ant s FILED 12-21-2023WRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

2 MEMORANDUM DECISION

Judge Samuel A. Thumma delivered the decision of the Court, in which Presiding Judge D. Steven Williams and Judge Paul J. McMurdie joined.

T H U M M A

, Judge:

¶1 Defendants Ahmad and Edyta Mailatyar challenge a final judgment , entered after a jury trial, awarding damages and permanent injunctive relief to plaintiff Timothy R. Wright on his defamation claims. For the reasons set forth below, the Mailatyars’ appeal is dismissed in part for lack of appellate jurisdiction

, and the judgment is otherwise affirmed.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2 Wright owns and operates a residential rental business in Tempe. Ahmad Wali Mailatyar (“Wali”) provided accounting and tax services for Wright from 2010 through early 2013.

¶3 In 2013, Wright sued the Mailatyars and their company, Pandora Holdings LLC, alleging they had improperly taken title to three of Wright’s rental properties and refused to recon vey them. Wright prevailed and the three properties were titled in Wright’s favor

. Wright also was awarded more than $26 0 ,000 in compensatory and punitive damages, attorney s ’ fees and costs. Wright later obtained writs of execution on two other properties the Mailatyars owned

, called the New River Property and the Journey Lane Property

. Wright submitted successful credit bids on both properties at sheriff’s sales and assigned his rights to a third party.

¶4 In January 2019

, before either of the sheriff’s sale s , Wali created a YouTube channel called “Tiered Justice.” On July 7, 2020, Wali posted a video on the channel titled “Episode 10: The Burglary Episode

, ” where he accused Wright of burglarizing the New River Property. Wali also posted a link to the video, hosted on tieredjustice.com, on an existing Facebook group

. Wali often posted o n the Facebook group , asserti ng that Wright “stole” the New River and Journey Lane Propert ies and “scammed” him. Wali also created a website

, where he posted links to several videos and, in an explainer for one of the videos, stated that Wright “burglarized our house in October 2018.”WRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

3 ¶5 Wright sued the Mailatyars in December 2020

, alleging defamation and defamation per se, among other claims

. Wr ight sought damages and a permanent injunction that would : (1) r equire the Mailatyars to “remove any videos, websites, or internet posts/comments that contain false, misleading, or defamatory statements relating to Mr. Wright and his business, including w ithout limitation, the Youtube Channel videos, Facebook Group, and Website ;” and (2) bar the Mailatyars “from communicating, publishing, or disseminating any further false, misleading, or defamatory statements relating to Mr. Wright and his business .”

¶6 Both sides moved for partial summary judgment. The court granted Wright’s motion in part , finding that “the statements that Plaintiff burglarized Defendants’ house” were defamatory per se. The case proceeded to a jury trial. A t the close of Wright’s case

- in

- chief

, t he Mailatyars orally moved for judgment as a matter of law. The court denied that motion , quoting Arizona Rule of Civil Procedure (Rule) 50(a) and 50 (b)

. The court issued a minute entry confirming it had denied the Mailatyars’
moti on under “Rules 50(a), (b).”

¶7 After deliberation, t he jury awarded Wright $125,000 in compensatory damages and $20,000 in punitive damages on the burglary

statements

. T he jury also found the statements that Wright “stole” or “scammed” the Mailatyar s out of the New River and Journey Lane properties were defamatory per se and awarded an additional $100,000 in compensatory damages and an additional $20,000 in punitive damages.

¶8 After the jury returned its verdict, the parties and the superior

court discussed how to address Wright’s permanent injunction request :

[Mailatyars’ Counsel] : And Your Honor, as far as the permanent injunction, do you want us to brief a little more or how do you want us to handle that? Or are you just going to make a decision ?

THE COURT: Are the parties both interested in briefing?

[Wright’s Counsel] : No. I ’ m not interested in briefing, no.

THE COURT: Okay. I feel I have enough information.WRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

4 [Mailatyars’ Counsel] : Okay.

THE COURT: So I will take a proposed form of judgment thou gh and any objections to it.

[Wright’s Counsel] : On the [permanent injunction] ?

THE COURT: Right. Can be briefed that way under Rule 58 procedures.

[Mailat y ars’ Counsel] : Okay.

Wright submitted a proposed form of judgment. The Mailatyars objected, contendi ng “the scope of the permanent injunction is overly broad” and requesting “five . . . business days after the ruling is made by this Court on Plaintiff’s claim for a permanent injunction, to more fully object

. . . if necessary.”

¶9 The court entered a final judgment that included the following injunction :

[ The Mailatyars ] . . . shall permanently remove and not republish any videos, websites, or internet posts/comments that the jury found to contain defamatory statements relating to Mr. Wright and his busines s, including without limitation, the following:

a. Each video uploaded on the Youtube channel named “Tiered Justice”;

b. Youtube Video entitled “Episode 10

– The Burglary Episode” and any clips or portions thereof which may have been separately disseminate d or posted on other websites;

c. All posts on Facebook or any other website accusing Mr. Wright of burglary or any other felony;

d. Facebook post by “Wali Mailatyar” dated January 15, 2020 relating to the [three properties at issue in the 2013 case] ;WRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

5 e. Facebook post by “Wali Mailatyar” dated July 6, 2020 relating to [the New River Property] ;
f. Facebook post by “Wali Mailatyar” dated July 6, 2020 relating to [the Journey Lane property] ; and

g. Website [ publicly ] available at www.tempeslumlord.com and all statements thereon that are substantially similar or duplicative of the statements above.

The court denied the Mailatyars’ request for more time to raise additional object ions

. The Mailatyars filed a timely notice of appeal fo llowing the entry of the final judgment. This court has jurisdiction under A .R.S. § 12

- 2101(A)(1) (2023)

. 1

DISCUSSION

I. A.R.S. § 12

- 2102(C) Limits t he Scope of Review in This Appeal

.
¶10 This court’s “ appellate jurisdiction is limited by statute. ” Marquette Venture Partners II, L.P. v. Leonesio , 227 Ariz. 179, 182 ¶ 6 (App. 2011). Generally, i n cases tried to a jury , this court lacks jurisdiction to consider “ the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the verdict or judgment

. . . unless a motion for a new tr ial was made. ” A.R.S. § 12

- 2102(C). While the Mailatyars orally moved for judgment as a matter of law at the close of Wright’s case

- in

- chief , t hey did not renew that motion following the verdict under Rule 50(b) or move for a new trial under Rule 59. Typic ally, a Rule 50(a) motion does not satisfy § 12

- 2102(C). Williams v. King , 248 Ariz. 311,
317

- 18 ¶¶ 30

- 31 (App. 2020) (citing Marquette , 227 Ariz. at 183 ¶ 13 ); see also Ariz. R. Civ. P. 50(a)(1) (governing motions filed once “a party has been fully heard on an issue during a jury trial .”).

¶11 At this court’s direction, both sides provided supplemental brief s addressing the impact of § 12

- 2102(C). In their supplemental brief,

t he Mailatyars rely on Marquette

, which noted that “[f]ederal cases have recognized an exception to the requirement to file a Federal Rule [of Civil Procedure ] 50(b) motion when the trial court indicates such a motion is unnecessary.” 227 Ariz. at 183, ¶ 16. For that proposition , Marquette cited
Best Brand Beverage, Inc. v. Falstaff Brewing Corp., 842 F.2d 578 (2d Cir. 1987)

. In Best Brand

, the federal c ourt held the plaintiff ’s failure to renew its Rule

1 Absent material revisions after the relevant dates, statutes and rules cited refer to the current version unless otherwise indicated.WRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

6 50(a) motion under Rule 50(b) did not preclude review of the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal because (1) “ the trial judge indicated that further motion practice was not needed ” and (2) “ the party opposing the motion

.

. . could not reasonably have thought, during presentation of the movant ’ s defense case, that the movant ’ s ‘ initial view of the in sufficiency of the evidence had been overcome and there was no need to produce anything more in order to avoid the risk of judgment ” as a matter of law. 842 F.2d at
587 ( citation omitted)

.
¶12 Best Brand is distinguishable. T he federal doctrine precluding appellate review of the sufficiency of the evidence absent a post

- verdict
motion is rule

- based and is grounded in Federal Rule 50(b) and principles of fairness

. See Unitherm Food Systems , Inc. v. Swift

- Ekrich, Inc ., 546 U.S. 394,
40 1 ( 2006) (“[T] he ‘ requirement of a timely application for judgment after verdict is not an idle motion ’ because it ‘ is

. . . an essential part of the rule, firmly grounded in principles of fairness. ’”) (quoting Johnson v. New York,
N.H. & H.R. Co ., 344 U.S. 4 8, 53 (1952)). In Arizona , the doctrine is statutory, and t his court only ha s th at jurisdiction given to it by statute

. Campbell v. Arnold , 121 Ariz. 370, 371 (1979)

.
¶13 Section 12

- 2102(C) does not ex emp t cases in which the superior court states or implies that post

- verdict motions would be unnecessary or futile. If the Legislature intended to create such an exemption, it would have done so. See, e.g.

, Backus v. State , 220 Ariz. 101, 106 ¶ 22 (2009). Indeed, this court re cently held that an appellant must file a post

- verdict motion even if it might be futile to preserve challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence because “[a] civil appeal is a statutory privilege and appellants must strictly comply with statutory and rul e requirements.”
Williams , 248 Ariz. at 317 ¶ 31.

¶14 For these reasons, this court lacks appellate jurisdiction over th ose portions of the Mailatyars’ appeal that challenge the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the verdict or judgment

. Marquette

, 227 Ariz. at 183

- 84, ¶¶ 13, 22; see also Gabriel v. Murphy , 4 Ariz. App. 440, 442 (1966) (“[A] motion for new trial must be made before the scope of the appeal may be enlarged to include the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain the verdict or judgment. ”). The Mailatyars raise four arguments barred by § 12

- 2102(C).

¶15 First, t he Mailatyars contend the jury did not follow the jury instructions for defamation and defamation per se

. Th ey argue the jury failed to consider (1) that none of the statemen ts at issue “allege[d] a crime and/or impute[d] that [Wright] is unfit to conduct his business as a landlord ” or (2) that the statements were not actionable because they wereWRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

7 either true or hyperbol e

. As noted above, t he jury found the statements

w ere defamatory per se. T he Mailatyars cannot now argue the jury lacked sufficient evidence to reach that conclusion

.
¶16 Second, t he Mailatyars contend Wright did not prove damages , arg uing he “presented absolutely nothing in any form of an amount. Not a single revenue report, not a single witness, not a single credit application from a prospective renter who later decided not to rent, specific houses that were not rented, not a single name.” This argument challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the jury’s damages awards and is barred

.
¶17 Third, t he Mailatyars contend the jury did not apply the correct standard in awarding punitive damages. Specifically, they contend Wright presented no evidence to sho w the y “knew that the statements regarding the alle ged burglary, or the statements regarding their properties being stolen or scammed out of, were false or acted in reckless disregard of whether the statement was true or false.” They also contend the jury “failed to take into consideration what [they] expe rienced and knew.” These are challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the verdict and are barred

.
¶18 Fourth, and finally, t he Mailatyars contend the jury failed to follow the jury instructions in awarding damages. This argument hinges on their contention that Wright failed to prove damages. Section 12

- 2102(C) bars considering th ese argument s

.

II. The Mailatyars’ Challenges to the Permanent Injunction Can Be Considered on Appeal.

¶19 The Mailatyars raise three challenges to the permanent injunction: (1) the court entered it without additional briefing

, (2) Wright had an adequate remedy at law and (3) its terms are overbroad. It is far less clear whether § 12

- 210 2 (C) bars consideration of these issues

.
¶20 While the permanent injunction , as an equitable remedy, was not part of the jury verdict, it was in the final judgment. Section 12

- 2102(C)

, therefore

, would seem to apply. But this court has held that “in an equity action in which the trial court sits with an advisory jury, a motion for a new trial is not a condition precedent to the vesting of jurisdiction in this court to determine the appeal on the merits. ” Richardson v. Casey , 6 Ariz. App. 141, 142

– 43 (1967)

. Furthermore, § 12

- 2102(C) does not bar appellate review if “the court made factua l determinations sitting without a jury.” S & R Properties v. Maricopa Cnty.

, 178 Ariz. 491, 504 (App. 1993).WRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

8 ¶21 T he superior court did not use an advisory jury on Wright’s injunctive relief request
, but it appears the court relied on the jury’s liability verdict in determining whether to grant a permanent injunction. And

n either side disputes that whether to grant an injunction and the scope of any such injunction was an equitable remedy for the court (n ot the jury) to decide. See A.R.S. § 12

- 1801 (authorizing “judges of the superior court” to grant injunctive relief); Ahwatukee Custom Estates Management Ass’n, Inc. v.
Turner , 196 Ariz. 631, 635 ¶ 9 (App. 2000) (“An injunction is an equitable remedy which allows the court to structure the remedy so as to promote equity between the parties.”) ( citation omitted)

. In doing so, the superior court had to consider the trial evidence to determine whether Wright met the equitable criteria for injunctive relief. See, e.g.

, Ahwatukee Custom Estates Mgmt. Ass’n, Inc. v. Turner, 196 Ariz. 631, 635 ¶ 9 (App. 2000). The court

, therefore

, made fact determinations independent of the jury

. S & R Properties , 178 Ariz. at 504. Thus, s ection 12

- 2102(C) does not precl ude appellate review of Mailatyars’ challenges to the permanent injunction.

III. The Mailatyars’ Challenges to the Permanent Injunction Fail.

¶22 A decision to grant injunctive relief is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Cnty. of Cochise v. Faria , 221 Ariz. 619, 621 ¶ 6 (App. 2009).

¶23 The Mailatyars first contend the court erred by granting the permanent injunction without receiv ing additional briefing

. They cite no authority suggesting the court had to grant a request for additional briefing

, and this court is aware of none. Accordingly, this argument fails.

¶24 The Mailatyars also contend injunctive relief was improper because the jury awarded damages. Prevailing on a damages claim does not automatically bar injunctive relief. IB Prop. Holdings, LLC v. Rancho Del Mar Apartments Ltd. P’ship , 228 Ariz. 61, 65 ¶ 10 (App. 2011). Indeed, “ even if some damages may be proved and recovered, injunctive relief may be appropriate if those damages are inadequate to address the full harm suffered.” Id . at 65 ¶ 11. Here, the court found the damages award was

“ insufficient to make [Wright] whole, particularly if [the Mailatyars] are permitted to persist in publishing all the same statements and content that the jury found defamatory per se.” Thus, the Mailatyars’ contentio n that “obtaining a monetary award means [Wright] had an adequate remedy at law” f ails.

¶25 The Mailatyars contend the permanent injunction is overbroad

. When interpreting a judgment, this court seeks to adopt a construction that supports it, rather than dest roys it. Title Ins. Co. ofWRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

9 Minnesota v. Acumen Trading Co., Inc ., 121 Ariz. 525, 526 (1979)

. B ecause the injunction bars the Mailatyars from “republishing” certain statements, it

may be a prior restraint on speech. See Alexander v. United States , 509 U.S. 544, 550 (1993) (“permanent injunctions

. . . are classic examples of prior restraints”)

. Prio r restraints are “the most serious and least tolerable infringement on First Amendment rights.” Phoenix Newspapers, Inc. v. Otis

, 243 Ariz. 491, 495 ¶ 13 (App. 2018) ( citation omitted)

. Such orders are subject to a heavy presumption against constitutional validity and are proper only if narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling state interest. Id . at 495

- 96 ¶ 14

.
¶26 The Mailatyars first challenge the requir ement that they “permanently remove and not republish any videos, websites, or internet posts/comments th at the jury found to contain defamatory statements relating to Mr. Wright and his business.” Th e statements the jury found defamatory are listed in the verdict forms , and the Mailatyars concede that “the actual statements found to be defamatory on any plat form are fair game to be removed.” Thus, t his provision does not, as the Mailatyars now contend, “require [that] Facebook be permanently removed.”

¶27 The Mailatyars also c ontend subparagraph ( a) is overbroad because it obligates them to remove all videos on “Tiered Justice” when only one contained “statements found to be defamatory in this case” and

“ some content did not even have to do with [Wright].” Again, the initial paragraph modifying subparagraph (a) only requires them to remove “videos, webs ites, or internet posts/comments that the jury found to contain defamatory statements.” If there are videos on “Tiered Justice” that do not contain such statements

, th ose videos would not fall within the scope of th e injunction.

¶28 The Mailatyars also c onten d sub paragraph (g) is overbroad

. At first glance, this subparagraph appears to require a takedown of the website and the removal of “ all statements thereon that are substantially similar or duplicative of the statements above .” But i f the court directed the Mailatyars to take down the entire web site, there would be no reason to separately direct them to take down particular statements that appear on th e site. Thus, sub paragraph (g) , like sub paragraph (a)

, applies to “videos, websites, or internet posts/comments that the jury found to contain defamatory statements relating to Mr. Wright and his business

. ” Thus, it only requires the Mailatyars to remove any such statements and

“ substantially similar or duplicative ” st atements that appear on the webs ite

. See Paxton v. McDonald , 72 Ariz. 378, 382

- 83 (1951) (“ Where a judgment is susceptible of two interpretations, that one will be adoptedWRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

10 which renders it the more reasonable, effective, and conclusive and which makes the judgment harmonize with the facts and law of the case and be such as ought to have been rendered. ”). For these reasons, the Mailatyars’ contention that the permanent injunction is overbroad fails

.

IV. Th e Mailatyars’ Evidentiary Challenges Fail

.
¶29 The Mailatyars also challenge several evid entiary rulings.
Section 12

- 2102(C) does not bar review of evidentiary rulings “regardless of whether they were presented to the lower court in a motion for a new trial.” Marquette , 227 Ariz. at 182 ¶ 7 ( citation omitted)

. This court, however, will not dis turb the superior court’s rulings absent an abuse of discretion resulting in prejudice

. Golonka v. Gen. Motors Corp ., 204 Ariz. 575, 580 ¶ 9 (App. 2003)

.

A. Pandora Holdings Case Evidence

.


### ¶30 The Mailatyars broadly argue the superior court erred in admitting evidence from the Pandora Holdings case

. They correctly note that Wright moved in limine to preclude them from “disputing the underlying findings of facts and conclusions of law” in the Pandora Holdings case

, or “asserting that any post

- Judgment execution, including sheriff’s sales, were legally improper.” But t hey opposed that motion

, arguing they should be allowed to “testify that they do not agree with those outcomes, and the reasons why.”



### ¶31 The court denied Wright’s motion in limine “without prejudice to specific trial rulings. ” It thus did not preclude any Pandora Holdings evidence before trial

. And while t he Mailatyars contend Wright “was able to discuss all aspect[s] of the [ Pandora Holdings ] case and enter documents into evidence over objection,” they did not object to any of the evidence they cite in their opening brief for this proposition. See State v. Lichon , 163 Ariz. 186, 189 (App. 1989) (“ Counsel may not sit back and allow error to occur when a prompt objection mig ht have allowed the court to cure the problem. ”) ; Ariz. R. Evid. 103(a)(1) (requiring timely, specific objection to preserve a claim of error in admitting evidence)

. 

### ¶32 The Mailatyars also contend the jury’s damages award s were “almost identical” to damages awarded in the Pandora Holdings case and a related bankruptcy case , speculating that the jury simply re

- awarded those damages

. Absent evidence of passion or prejudice, neither of which the Mailatyars attempt to show, the jury’s damages awards will not beWRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

11 disturbed on appeal

. See Starkins v. Bateman , 150 Ariz. 537, 548 (App. 1986) (citing Larriva v. Widmer , 101 Ariz. 1, 7 (1966) )

.

B. Trial Exhibits 22, 26, 34

- 37

.
¶33 The Mailatyars contend Wright improperly revoked a stipulat ion to admit trial Exhibits 22, 26 and 34

- 37 , none of which were admitted at trial. They cite an email from Wright’s counsel to the court

, notifying it that the parties had stipulated to the se exhibits, among others, which the court then approved. Wright’s counsel later emailed

, stating that there was a “miscommunication” and clarified that “only exhibits 3, 4, 6

, 12, 21, 23

- 29 and 31

- 32 are stipulated to for the parties’ respective cases in chief.” The Mailatyars’ counsel maintained there was no
miscommunication.

¶34 The superior court, stating that it did not have “the emails evincing a Rule 80(a)(1) agreement of counsel,” vacated its approval of the stipulation bu t invited the parties to “submit additional information regarding any agreement reache d.” Almost immediately, the Mailatyars’ counsel responded that he was “ going to bring the attached to Court this morning for your review to see if the emails therein constitute a binding agreement pursuant to Rule 80(a).” T he copy of this email in the reco rd

, however, does not have any attachments. The Mailatyars do not point to where the attachments can be found in the record; they instead cite an excerpt of the discussion among counsel and the court before the first day of trial. The superior court review ed the attach ments and determined that

[t]he Parties’ emails both in this string and among themselves differ as to what was being stipulated, and what was originally submitted to the Court as the Parties’ stipulation appears to be actually only a copy and paste of just [the Mailatyars’] proposed stipulation.

On that basis, the court determined there was no “meeting of the minds sufficient to hold [Wright] to a Rule 80(a) agreement” as to the above

- listed exhibits. Because the record does not contain the attachment s the court reviewed, there is no basis to conc lude the court erred in this conclusion, and, as a result, vacating its approval of any purported stipulation

. See Baker v. Baker, 183 Ariz. 70, 73 (App. 1995) (“When a party fails to include necessary items, we assume they would support the court ’ s findin gs and conclusions.”).WRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

12 C. Victoria Perez and Alexx Canale Testimony

.
¶35 The Mailatyars challenge the exclusion of testimony by Victoria Perez and Alexx Canale

. This court review s the se exclusionary rulings for an abuse of discretion. Zimmerman v. Shakman , 204 Ariz. 231, 235, ¶ 10 (App. 2003).

1. Victoria Perez

.
¶36 The court ex cluded Perez ’ testimony based on nondisclosure. The court must ex clude a witness who is not timely disclosed absent a showing of ei ther good cause or that the failure to disclose caused no prejudice. Ariz. R. Civ. P. 37(c); Jones v. Buchanan , 177 Ariz. 410, 414 (App. 1993).

¶37 T he Mailatyars apparently first disclosed Perez as a trial
witness in the joint pretrial statement. There, they said she would “testify regarding all matters in the Complaint, her Answer and Counterclaim, the Facebook Group, and any other matters about which she has personal knowledge.”

¶38 The Mailatyars contend they did not have to disclose her earlier because Wrigh t listed her as a witness in his disclosures. Wright listed Perez as a potential trial witness about a week before trial in his final supplemental disclosure statement. He contends he only listed Perez as a potential trial witness because she was a named d efendant

. But he and Perez settled their claims against one another in September 202 1; as such, h e contends he had no reason to believe the Mailatyars would call her at trial. And h e did not list Perez as a trial witness in the joint pretrial

statement.

¶39 The fact that Wright disclosed Perez as a witness in his disclosures does not excuse the Mailatyars ’ obligation to timely disclos e their intent to call Perez as a trial witness or detail her intended trial testimony, nor does it authorize them to cut and paste Wright’s disclosures and claim them as their own in a joint pretrial statement

. See Ariz. R. Civ. P. 26.1(a)(3) ( requiring that “each party must disclose in writing . . . the name, address, and telephone number of each witness whom the dis closing party expects to call at trial” ); see also Rivers v. Solley , 217 Ariz. 528, 532 ¶ 23 (App. 2008) (“[T]he obligation to disclose under Rule 26.1 and the related discovery rules

. . . is non

- delegable.”). On this record, t he co urt did not abuse its discretion in precluding Perez from testifying based on nondisclosure

. See Estate of Brady v. Tempe Life Care Vill age , Inc

. , 254 Ariz. 122, 125

- 26 ¶ 16 (App. 2022) ( “ Where a firm trial date has been set, [f]actorsWRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

13 supporting the exclusion of undisclose d evidence gain strength as the trial

nears. ”) ( citations and quotations omitted)

.

2. Alexx Canale

.
¶40 The superior court excluded Canale’s testimony on two grounds. It first found the Mailatyars did not disclose “her ‘address, and telephone number . . . and des cription of the substance

— and not merely the subject matter’ of her testimony.” It also concluded Canale’s testimony likely would be irrelevant because her testimony related to the burglary

statements
, which the c ourt had ruled were defamatory per se.

¶41 The Mailatyars argue on appeal that Canale ’s testimony was

“ crucial to describing the reputation of [Wright] ” and “ would have corroborated her confession [to burglarizing the Mailatyars’ home with Wright] and identified herself in [the ] Episode 10 [video] .” But they only disclosed that Ca nale would “testify about her employment with [Wright]

, her dealings and contact with [Wright] , the burglary of [the Mailatyars ’ ] home and its connection with [Wright] , and any other matter relevant to the litigation.”

¶42 The Mailatyars argue th eir disclosure was adequate because “Wright was deposed, was asked questions about Ms. Canale, recognized her right away as his former employee, and [was] able to watch the video where she confesses to being at [the Mailatyars ’ ] home with [him].” While disclos ure can occur in a deposition, the Mailatyars cite nothing to show they disclosed their intent to call Canale to testify when she was deposed. Cf. Solimeno v. Yonan , 224 Ariz. 74, 80 ¶ 23 (App. 2010) (rejecting argument that information would have been dis closed at deposition “if opposing counsel had simply asked the correct questions”); Norwest Bank (Minnesota) v. Symington , 197 Ariz. 181, 186 ¶ 18 (App. 2000) (rejecting argument that opponent would have found nondisclosed evidence “if [he] had been dilige nt”). They also do not show they timely disclosed th eir intent to have Canale testify about Wright’s reputation. On this record, they have shown

no abuse of discretion in ex cluding Canale ’s testimony

.

D. Episode 10

.
¶43 The Mailatyars also challenge the exclusion of the “Episode 10” video, which they say contained “the alleged defamatory statements regarding the burglary.” They argu e the jury should have been a llowed to view the video because the superior court had a chan ce to view it when it considered Wright’s motion for partial summary judgment. They cite no authority suggesting evidence offered in support of a summary judgmentWRIGHT v. MAILATYAR , et al.
Decision of the Court

14 motion must be admitted into evidence at trial. Thus, they have shown no error on this point.

CONCLUSION

¶44 This appeal is dismissed in part for lack of jurisdiction

. The judgment otherwise is affirm ed

. Wright may recover his taxable costs incurred in this appeal upon compliance with ARCAP 21.