### Water Treatment - Oil and Gas Environmental Compliance Conference Appalachian Basin - Washington, PA M A Y 13 - 14 , 2 0 142 

# Shale in the News

# Well Development4 

# Production - Drilling

Horizontal wells are more efficient in production and leave a smaller footprint than traditional vertical wells. Two well types: vertical and horizontal56 

# Production - Drilling7 

# Production - Drilling

Well Casing ▶ 

### Metal casing assures integrity of the well from end - to - end ▶ 

### Cement seals the steel casing throughout the entire well and prevents the release of hydrocarbons8 

# Production – Hydraulic Stimulation

Data Monitoring Van Pump Trucks Blender Chemical Storage Working Water Tanks Sand Storage Units

Tanks of Filtered Water for Re - use Data Monitoring Van Well Heads Pump Trucks Blender Chemical Storage Working Water Tanks Sand Storage Units

Tanks of Filtered Water for Re - use9 

# Production – Hydraulic Stimulation

Blender Chemical Storage

Tanks of Filtered Water for Re - use10 

# Production – Hydraulic Stimulation

▶ 

### >60 years and >1 million wells in 27 states ▶ 

### 90 percent of oil and gas wells use hydraulic stimulation ▶ 

### 99.5 percent use water and sand mix ▶ 

### One fracture uses 3 to 5 million gallons of water11 

# Current Pennsylvania Water Usage 5,930
1,680 1,550 268 182 30 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

Power generation Industrial Public water systems Other Mining Marcellus Shale DrillingMillions of Gallons per Day

Susquehanna River Basin total water demand according to the Gas Technology Institute General approximations used for illustrative purposes only12 

# Production – Hydraulic Simulation

Water and Sand: 99.5% 

## Typical Deep Shale Gas Fracturing Mixture All products are rarely used in one shale play Other: 0.5 % Acid Friction Reducer Surfactant Gelling Agent Scale Inhibitor pH Adjusting Agent Breaker Crosslinker Iron Control Corrosion Inhibitor Antibacterial Agent Clay Stabilizer13 

# Production – Flowback Characteristics Iron (mg/ L) Sulfate (mg/ L) Barium (mg/ L) TDS (mg/ L) Marcellus 40 - 60 80 - 20 0 20 0 - 30 0 38,50 0 - 230 ,0 0 0 Utica 20 - 50 40 0 - 1,0 0 0 30 0 - 50 0 50 ,0 0 0 - 30 0 ,0 0 0 Barnett 10 - 30 250 - 40 0 20 0 - 60 0 23,60 0 - 98,90 0

# Treatment15 

# Reuse of Flowback Water Summary

Sludge to Landfill Determine Chemical Loading for Frac Fluids Reuse Treated Flowback 3. Flowback 1. Fresh Water 2. Frac 4. Treatment 5. Treated Flowback Treatment 4.16 

# Treatment

▶ 

### Filtration ▶ 

### Physical/ chemical ▶ 

### Electrocoagulation ▶ 

### Chlorine dioxide ▶ 

### Evaporation/ crystallization17 

# Rain - for - Rent Bag Filter18 

# Bag Filters

▶ 

### Inexpensive ▶ 

### Filtering reuse water requires higher amounts of fresh water for blending ▶ 

### No electrical requirements19 

# RETTEW Mobile Treatment System20 

# Fountain Quail Rover System21 

# Mobile Chemical/ Physical Treatment

▶ 

### Higher - quality reuse water ▶ 

### Requires blending with fresh water ▶ 

### Reduces trucking to permanent facilities from remote wells22 

# Electrocoagulation

▶ 

### Oxidizes and eradicates heavy metals without filters or chemicals ▶ 

### Relatively energy - inefficient ▶ 

### Requires skilled operators and maintenance personnel23 

# Chlorine Dioxide

▶ 

### 95 percent of global output is used to bleach wood pulp ▶ 

### Used as a combination oxidizer/ biocide ▶ 

### Almost always created onsite with a chlorine dioxide generator as it is extremely hazardous to transport24 

# Aquatech Mobile Evaporator25 

# Fixed Facility

▶ 

### TerrAqua Resource Management ▶ 

### Eureka Resources ▶ 

### HydroRecovery26 

# Aquatech Modular Zero Liquid Discharge System27 

# Evaporation

▶ 

### Generate solid waste for disposal ▶ 

### Energy - inefficient ▶ 

### Zero liquid discharge systems create no reuse water28 

# Production Steps - Flowback

▶ 

### Filtration $0 .50 to $1.35/ bbl

– Fixed location that includes disinfectant chemical, filters, fuel, unit, chemistry, and operations ▶ 

### Chemical or physical $4.0 0 to $10 .0 0 / bbl

– Mobilization/ demobilization, setup and tear down, operations, chemicals, and sludge disposal (non - hazardous waste) ▶ 

### Injection Wells $4.0 0 to $15.0 0 / bbl ▶ 

### Evaporation $9.0 0 to $ 15.0 0 / bbl29 

## Thank you! Ryan Mastowski, EIT rmastowski@rettew.com