The EPA Regional Administrator, Jared Blumenfeld signed the following

proposed rule on October 15 , 2012 and EPA is submitting it for publication in the Federal Register (FR). While we have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this Internet version of the proposed rule, it is not the official version of the proposal for purposes of public comment. Please refer to the official version in a forthcoming FR publication appearing on the Government Printing Office’s FDsys website, http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/search/home.action and on Regulation.gov in Docket Number EPA

- R09

- OAR

- 201 2

- 0 7 99 , http://www.regulations.gov Billing Code: 6560

- 50

- P ENVIRONMENT AL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52 [ EPA - R09 - OAR - 201 2 - 0 799 ; FRL – ] Determination of Attainment for the Sacramento Nonattainment Area for the 2006 Fine Particle Standard ; California; Determination Regarding Applicability of Clean Air Act Requirements

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: EPA is proposing to determine that the Sacramento nonattainment area in California ha s attained t he 2006 24

- hour fine partic le (PM 2.5 ) National Ambient Air Quality Standard ( NAAQS )
. Th is proposed determination is based upon complete, quality

- assured, and certified ambient air monitoring data showing that th is area ha s monitored attainment of the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS based on the 2009

– 2011 monitoring period. EPA is further proposing that, if EPA finalizes th is determination of attainment, the requirements for th is area to submit an attainment demonstration, together with reasonably available control measures (RACM) , a reasonable further progress (RFP) plan, and contingency measures for failure to meet RFP andThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

2 attainment deadlines shall be suspended for so long as t he area continue s to attain the 2 006 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS. DATES: Written comments must be received on or before [ FEDERAL
REGISTER OFFICE: Insert date 30 days after date of publication in the Federal Register ]. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No.
EPA
- R09

- OAR

- 201 2

- 07 99 by one of the following methods: 1. Federal eRulemaking Portal, at www.regulations.gov , please follow the on

- line instructions ; 2. E
- mail to ungvarsky.john@epa.gov ; or 3. Mail or delivery to John Ungvarsky , Air Planning Office,
AIR
- 2, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, California 94105

- 3901
. Instructions: All comments will be included in the public docket without change and may be made available online at www.regulations.gov , including any personal information provided, unless the comment includes Confidential Bu siness Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Information you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected should be clearly identified as such and should not be submitted through www.regulations.gov or e - mail. www.regulations.gov is an “anonymous access” system, and EPAThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

3 will not know your identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an e

- mail directly to EPA, your e

- mail address will be automatically captured and included as part of the public comment. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name and other contact information in the body o f your comment and with any disk or CD

- ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid the use of special ch aracters, any form of encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses. Docket: The index to the docket for this action is available electronically at www.regulations.gov and in hard copy at EPA Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, California. While all documents in the docket are listed in the index, some information may be publicly available only at the hard copy location (e.g., copyrighted material), and some may not be publicly available at either location (e.g., CBI). To inspect the hard copy materials, please schedule an appointment during normal business hours with the contact listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

4 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION C ONTACT: John Ungvarsky, (415) 972

- 3963, or by email at ungvarsky.john@epa.gov
. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document, wherever “we”, “us” or “our” are used, we mean EPA. We are providing the follo wing outline to aid in locating information in this proposal. Table of Contents
I. What determination is EPA making?
II. What is the background for th is action?
A. PM 2.5 NAAQS
B. Designation of PM 2.5 Nonattainment Areas
C. How Does EPA Make Attainment Determinations?
I II . What is EPA’s analysis of the relevant air quality data?
A. Monitoring Network and Data Considerations
B. Evaluation of Current Attainment IV. How does EPA's Clean Data Policy apply to this action?
A. Application of EPA's Clean Data Policy to the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS
B. History and Basis of EPA’s Clean Data Policy V. EPA’s Proposed Action and Request for Publ ic Comment
V I . S tatutory and Executive Order Reviews
I. What determination is EPA making?This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

5 EPA is proposing to determine that the Sacramento nonattainment area ha s clean data for the 2006 24

- hour N AAQS for fine particles (generally referring to particles less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter, PM 2.5 ) . Th is determination is based upon complete, quality

- assured, and certified ambient air monitoring data showing the a rea ha s monitored attainment of the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS based on 200 9

– 2011 monitoring data. Preliminary data in EPA’s Air Quality System ( AQS ) for 201 2 indicate that the a rea continue s to attain the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS. Based on th is determination, we are also proposing to suspend the obligation s on the S tate of California to submit certain state implementation plan (SIP) revisions related to attainment of this standard for the Sacramento nonattainment area for as long as the area continue s to attain the standard.
II. What is the background for th is action?
A. PM

2.5 NAAQS Under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (CAA or "Act"), EPA has established national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS or "standards") for certain pervasive air pollutants (referred to as "criteria pollutants") and conducts periodic reviews of the NAAQS to determine whether they should be revised or whether new NAAQS should be established
.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

6 On July 18, 1997, EPA revised the NAAQS for particulate matter to add new standards for PM 2.5 , using PM 2.5 as the indicator for the pollutant. EPA established primary and secondary 1 annual and 24

- hour standards for PM 2.5 ( 62 FR 38652). The annual standard was set at 15 .0 micrograms per cubic meter ( μg/m 3 ) , based on a 3

- year average of annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations , and the 24

- hour standard was set at 65 μg/m 3 , based on the 3

- year average of the 98th percentile of 24

- hour
PM 2.5 concentrations at each population

- oriented monitor within

an area . On October 17, 2006 (71 FR 61144), EPA revised the level of the 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS to 35 μg/m 3 , based on a 3

- year average of the 98th percentile of 24

- hour concentrations. EPA also retained the 1997 annual PM 2.5 standard at 15 .0 μg/m 3 based on a 3

- year average of annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations, but with tighter constraints on the spatial averaging criteria.
B. Designation of PM 2.5 Nonattainment Areas Effective December 14, 2009 , EPA established the initial air quality designations for most areas in the United States for

1 For a given air pollutant, "p rimary " national ambient air quality standards are those determined by EPA as requisite to protect the public health , and
" secondary " standards are those determined by EPA as requisite to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects associated with the presence of such air pollutant in the ambient air. See CAA section 109(b).This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

7 the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS. See 74 FR 58688; (November 13, 2009). Among the various areas designated in 2009, EPA designated the Sacramento 2 area in California as nonattainment for the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS. 3 The boundaries for th is a rea

are described in 40 CFR 81.305. Within thr ee years of the effective date of designations,

s tates with areas designated as nonattainment for the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS are required to submit SIP revisions that, among other elements, provide for implementation of reasonably available control measures (RAC M ), reasonable further progress (RFP), attainment of the standard as expeditiously as practicable but no later than five years from the nonattainment designation (in this instance, no later than December 14, 2014) , as well as contingency measures. See CAA section 172(a)(2), 172(c)(1), 172(c)(2), and 172(c)(9). Prior to the due date for submittal of these SIP revisions, the State of California requested that EPA make determinations that the Sacramento 4 nonattainment area ha s

2 The Sacramento PM 2.5 nonattain ment area includes Sacramento County, the western portions of El Dorado and Placer counties , and the eastern portions of Solano and Yolo countie s. Other than the El Dorado County portion of the nonattainment area, the Sacramento PM 2.5 nonattainment area li es within the Sacramento Valley Air Basin. 3 With respect to the annual PM 2.5 NAAQS, th i s area i s designated as "unclassifiable/attainment." 4 On May 2, 201 2 , James Goldstene, Executive Officer of the California Air Resources Board, submitted a request to Jared Blumenfeld, Regional Administrator, U.S. EPA Region IX, to find the Sacramento PM 2.5 nonattainmentThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

8 attained the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS and that attainment

- related SIP submittal requirements are not applicable for as long as the area continue s to attain the standard. Today's proposal responds to the State ’ s request.
C. How Does EPA Make Attainment Determinations? A determination of whether an area’s air quality currently
meets the PM 2.5 NAAQS is generally based upon the most recent three years of complete, quality

- assured data gathered at established State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) in a nonattainment area and entered into the AQS database. Data from air monitors operated by state/local agencies in compliance with EPA monitoring requirements must be submitted to AQS. M onitoring agencies annually certify that these data are accurate to the best of their knowledge. Accordingly, EPA relies primarily on data in AQS when determining the attainment status of areas. See 40 CFR 50. 13 ; 40 CFR part 50, appendix L; 40 CFR part 53; 40 CFR part 58, and 40 CFR part 58 , appendices A, C, D, and E . All dat a are reviewed to determine the area's air quality status in accordance with 40 CFR part 50, appendix N. Under EPA regulations in 40 CFR part 50, section 50.13 and in accordance with appendix N, the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 standard is

area had attained the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS .This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

9 met when the design value is less than or equal to 35 μg/m 3 (based on the rounding convention in 40 CFR part 50, appendix N) at each monitoring site within the area. 5 The PM 2.5 24

- hour average is considered valid when 75 percent of the hourly averages for the 24

- hour period are ava ilable. Data completeness requirements for a given year are met when at least 75 percent of the scheduled sampling days for each quarter have valid data.
III. What is EPA’s analysis of the relevant air quality data?
A. Monitoring Network and Data Considerations In the Sacramento PM 2.5 nonattainment area , the agencies responsible for assuring that the area meets air quality monitoring requirements include CARB, Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD), Placer County Air Pollution Control D istrict (PCAPCD) and Yolo

- Solano Air Quality Management District (YSAQMD). Both CARB and SMAQMD submit annual monitoring network plans to EPA. SMAQMD n etwork p lans describe the monitoring network operated by SMAQMD and CARB in Sacramento County, and CARB’s n etwork p lans describe the monitoring sites CARB operates, in addition to monitoring sites operated by

5 The PM 2.5 24

- hour standard design value is the 3

- year average of annual 98th percentile 24

- hour a verage values recorded at each monitoring site [see 40 CFR part 50, appendix N, section 1.0(c)], and the 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS is met when the 24

- hour standard design value at each monitoring site is less than or equal to 35 μg/m 3

.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

10 smaller air districts, namely, PCAPCD and YSAQMD. These plans discuss the status of the air monitoring network, as required under 40 CFR 58.10. Since 20 07, EPA regularly reviews these annual plans for compliance with the applicable reporting requirements in 40 CFR part 58. With respect to PM 2.5 , EPA has found that the areas’ network plans , submitted by CARB and SMAQMD, meet the applicable requirements und er 40 CFR part 58
. See EPA letters to CARB and SMAQMD approving their annual network plans for years 2009, 2010, and 2011
. 6 , 7 EPA also concluded 8 from its Technical System

6 Letter from Joe Lapka, Acting Manager, Air Quality Analysis Office, U.S. EPA Region IX, to Karen Magliano, Chief, Air Quality Data Branch, Planning and Technical Support Division, CARB (Nov ember 24, 2009) (approving CARB’s “2009 Annual Monitoring Network Report for Small Districts in California”); Letter from Matthew Lakin, Manager, Air Quality Analysis Office, U.S. EPA Region IX, to Karen Magliano, Chief, Air Quality Data Branch, Planning and Technical Support Division, CARB (Oct ober 29, 2010) (approving CARB’s “2010 Annu al Monitoring Network Plan for the Small Districts in California”); Letter from Matthew Lakin, Manager, Air Quality Analysis Office, U.S. EPA Region IX, to Karen Magliano, Chief, Air Quality Data Branch, Planning and Technical Support Division, CARB (Nov em ber 1, 2011) (approving CARB’s “2011 Annual Monitoring Network Plan for the Small Districts in California”). 7 Letter from Joe Lapka, Acting Manager, Air Quality Analysis Office, U.S. EPA Region IX, to Larry Greene, Air Pollution Control Officer, S MAQMD ( September 29, 2009) (approving the 2009 Air Monitoring Network Plan for the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District ); Letter from Matthew Lakin, Manager, Air Quality Analysis Office, U.S. EPA Region IX, to Larry Greene, Air Pollution Contro l Officer, S MAQMD (November 1, 2010) (approving the “ Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District’s 2010 Annual Monitoring Network Plan ”); Letter from Matthew Lakin, Manager, Air Quality Analysis Office, U.S. EPA Region IX, to Larry Greene, Air Pollution Control Officer, S MAQMD (October 31, 2011) (approving the “ Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District’s 2011 Annual Monitoring Network Plan ”). 8 See letter from Deborah Jordan, Director, Air Division, U.S. EPA Region IX, to James Go ldstene, Executive Officer, CARB, transmitting ” Technical System Audit of the California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board: 2007, ” with enclosure, August 18, 2008.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

11 Audit of the CARB Primary Quality Assurance Organization (PQAO) (conducted during the s ummer of 2007), that the combined ambient air monitoring network operated by CARB and the local air districts in their PQAO (which includes SMAQMD, PCAPCD , and YSAQMD ) currently meets or exceeds the requirements for the minimum number of SLAMS for PM 2 .5 in the Sacramento nonattainment

area. CARB annually certifies that the data it submits to AQS are complete and quality

- assured. 9
There were five PM 2.5 SLAMS located throughout the
Sacramento PM 2.5 nonattainment area in calendar years 2009 , 2010 , and 2011
. EPA defines specific monitoring site types and spatial scales of representativeness to characterize the nature and location of required monitors. For the five sites, the spatial scale is neighborhood scale, and monitoring objective i s population expo sure. In addition, the Sacramento

- Del Paso Manor site has a monitoring objective of high est concentration
. 10 Consistent with the requirements contained in 40 CFR part 50, EPA has reviewed the quality

- assured, and certified PM 2.5

9 See , e.g., letter from Karen Magliano, Chief, Air Quality Data Branch, Planning and Technical Support Division, CARB, to Jared Blumenfeld, Regional Administrator, U.S. EPA Region IX, certifying calendar year 2011 ambient air quality data and quality assurance data, May 1, 2012. 10 See CARB’s 2011 Annual Monitoring Network Re port for Small Districts in California and SMAQMD’s 2011 Annual Monitoring Network Plan ; U.S. EPA Air Quality System, Monitor Description Report, September 14, 2012.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

12 ambient air monitoring data as recorded in AQS for the applicable monitoring period collected at the monitoring sites in the Sacramento nonattainment area and determined that the data are complete.
B. Evaluation of Current Attainment EPA’s evaluation of whether the Sacramento PM 2.5 nonattainment area has attained the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS is based on our review of the monitoring data and tak es into account the adequacy 11 of t he PM 2.5 monitoring network in the nonattainment area and the reliability of the data collected by the netw ork as discussed in the previous section of this document. Table 1 shows the PM 2.5 design values for the Sacramento nonattainment area monitor s based on ambient air quality monitoring data for the most recent complete three

- year period (2009

- 2011). The dat a show that the design value for the 2009

- 2011 period was equal to or less than 35 μg/m 3 at the monitor s . Therefore, we are proposing to determin e , based on the complete, quality

- assured data for 2009

- 2011, that the Sacramento area has attained the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 standard. Preliminary data

11 Meets the requirements of 40 CFR part 58.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

13 available in AQS for 2012 indicate that the area continue s to attain the standard
. Table 1 . 2009 - 2011 24 - Hour PM 2.5 Monitoring Sites and Design Values for the Sacramento Nonattainment Area
. Monitoring Site AQS Site

Identification Number 98 th P ercentile (μg/m 3 ) 2009 - 2011 Design Values (μg/m 3 ) 200 9 2010 2011
Roseville 06

- 061

- 0006 21.3 20.3 23.0 22
Sacramento

- Del Paso Manor 06

- 067

- 0006 38.7 27.0 39.8 35 a

Sacramento

- 1309 T Street 06

- 067

- 0010 27.2 27.3 45.1 33

Sacramento Health Dept

– Stockton Blvd. 06

- 067

- 4001 34.9 26.5 44.8 35 a

Woodland 06

- 113

- 1003 27.4 18.6 25.8 24

a The average of the 98th percentile values for 2009

- 2011 equals 35.2 and 3 5 .4 at the Del Paso Manor and Stockton Blvd. sites, respectively, but consistent with applicable rounding conventions in 40 CFR part 50, A ppendix N, section 4.3, 24

- hour standard design values are rounded to the nearest 1 μg/m 3 (decimals 0.5 and greater are r ounded up to the nearest whole number, and any decimal lower than 0.5 is rounded down to the nearest whole number). S ource: Design Value Report, August 31, 2012 (in the docket to this proposed action)
. IV. How does EPA's Clean Data Policy apply to this a ction?
A. Application of EPA’s Clean Data Policy to the 2006 PM 2.5This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

14 NAAQS In April 2007, EPA issued its PM 2.5 Implementation Rule for the 1997 PM 2.5 standard. 72 FR 26586; (April 25, 2007). In March, 2012, EPA published implementation guidance for the 2006
PM 2.5 standard. See Memorandum from Stephen D. Page, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, “Implementation Guidance for the 2006 24

- Hour Fin e Particle (PM 2.5 ) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)" (March 2, 2012). In that guidance, EPA stated its view “that the overall framework and policy approach of the 2007 PM 2.5 Implementation Rule continues to provide effective and a ppropriate guidance on the EPA’s interpretation of the general statutory requirements that states should address in their SIPs. In general, the EPA believes that the interpretations of the statute in the framework of the 2007
PM 2.5 Implementation Rule are relevant to the statutory requirements for the 2006 24

- hour PM 2.5 NAAQS ...." Id ., page 1. With respect to the statutory provisions applicable to 2006 PM 2.5 implementation, the guidance emphasized that “EPA outlined its interpretation of many of these p rovisions in the 2007 PM 2.5 Implementation Rule. In addition to regulatory provisions, the EPA provided substantial general guidance for attainment plans for PM 2.5 in the preamble to the final the [ sic ] 2007 PM 2.5This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

15 Implementation Rule.” Id ., page 2. In keep ing with the principles set forth in the guidance, and with respect to the effect of a determination of attainment for the 2006 PM 2.5 standard, EPA is applying the same interpretation with respect to the implications of clean data determinations that it se t forth in the preamble to the 1997 PM 2.5 standard and in the regulation that embodies this interpretation. 40 CFR 51.1004(c). 12 EPA has long applied this interpretation in regulations and individual rulemakings for the 1

- hour ozone and 1997 8

- hour ozone st andards, the PM

- 10 standard, and the lead standard.
B. History and Basis of EPA’s Clean Data Policy Following enactment of the CAA Amendments of 1990, EPA promulgated its interpretation of the requirements for implementing the NAAQS in the G eneral P reamble for the Implementation of Title I of the CAA Amendments of 1990 (General Preamble) 57 FR 13498, 13564 (April 16, 1992). In 1995, based on the interpretation of CAA sections 171 and 172, and section 182 in the General Preamble, EPA set forth what h as become known as its “Clean Data Policy” for the 1

- hour ozone NAAQS. See

12 While EPA recognizes that 40 CFR 51.1004(c) does not itself expressly apply to the 2006 PM 2.5 standard, the statutory interpretation that it embodies is identical and is applicable to both the 1997 and 2006 PM 2.5 standards.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

16 Memorandum from John S. Seitz, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, “Reasonable Further Progress, Attainment Demonstration, and Related Requirements for Ozone Non attainment Areas Meeting the Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard” (May 10, 1995). In 2004, EPA indicated its intention to extend the Clean Data Policy to the PM 2.5 NAAQS. See Memorandum from Steve Page, Director, EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, “Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle National Ambient Air Quality Standards” (December 14, 2004). Since 1995, EPA has applied its interpretation under the Clean Data Policy in many rulemakings, suspending certain attainment

- related pla nning requirements for individual areas, based on a determination of attainment. See 60 FR 36723 (July 18, 1995) (Salt Lake and Davis Counties, Utah, 1

- hour ozone); 61 FR 20458 (May 7, 1996) (Cleveland

- Akron

- Lorain, Ohio, 1

- hour ozone); 61 FR 31832 (June 2 1, 1996) (Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1

- hour ozone); 65 FR 37879 (June 19, 2000) (Cincinnati

- Hamilton, Ohio

- Kentucky, 1

- hour ozone); 66 FR 53094 (October 19, 2001) (Pittsburgh

- Beaver Valley, Pennsylvania, 1

- hour ozone); 68 FR 25418 (May 12, 2003) (St. Louis, M issouri

- Illinois, 1

- hour ozone); 69 FR 21717 (April 22, 2004) (San Francisco Bay Area, California, 1

- hour ozone) ; 75 FR 6570 (February 10, 2010) (BatonThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

17 Rouge, Louisiana, 1

- hour ozone) ; 75 FR 27944 (May 19, 2010) (Coso Junction, California, PM 10 ). EPA also incorporated its interpretation under the Clean Data Policy in several implementation rules. See Clean Air Fine Particle Implementation Rule, 72 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007); Final Rule To Implement the 8

- Hour Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard

— Pha se 2, 70 FR 71612 (November 29, 2005). The Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C. Circuit) upheld EPA’s rule embodying the Clean Data Policy for the 1997 8

- hour ozone standard. NRDC v. EPA , 571 F.3d 1245 (D.C. Cir. 2009). Other courts have reviewed and considered individual rulemakings applying EPA’s Clean Data Policy, and have consistently upheld them in every case. Sierra Club v. EPA, 99 F.3d 1551 (10th Cir. 1996); Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F.3d 537 (7th Cir. 2004); Our Children's Earth Foundation v. EPA, No. 04

- 73032 (9th Cir. June 28, 2005 (Memorandum Opinion)), Latino
Issues Forum v. EPA, Nos. 06

- 75831 and 08

- 71238 (9th Cir. March 2, 2009 (Memorandum Opinion)). EPA sets forth below a brief explanation of the statutory interpretation s in the Clean Data Policy. EPA also incorporates the discussions of its interpretation set forth in prior rulemakings, including the 1997 PM 2.5 implementation rulemaking.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

18 See 72 FR 20586, at 20603

- 20605 (April 25, 2007). See also 75 FR 31288 (June 3, 201 0) (Providence, Rhode Island, 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 75 FR 62470 (October 12, 2010) (Knoxville, Tennessee, 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 75 FR 53219 (August 31, 2010) (Greater Connecticut Area, 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 75 FR 54778 (September 9, 2010) (Baton Rouge, Louisiana , 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 75 FR 64949 (October 21, 2010) (Providence, Rhode Island, 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 76 FR 11080 (March 1, 2011) (Milwaukee

- Racine and Sheboygan Areas, Wisconsin, 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 76 FR 31273 (May 31, 2011) (Pittsburgh

- Beaver Valley, Pennsylvania, 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 76 FR 33647 (June 9, 2011) (St. Louis, Missouri

Illinois, 1997 8

- hour ozone ) ; 76 FR 7145 (November 15, 2011) (Charlotte

- Gastonia

- Rock Hill, North Carolina

- South Caroli na, 1997 8

- hour ozone) ; 77 FR 31496 (May 29, 2012) (Boston

- Lawrence
Worchester, Massachusetts, 1997 8

- hour ozone). See also , 75 FR 56 (January 4, 2010) (Greensboro

- Winston

- Salem

- High Point, North Carolina, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 75 FR 230 (January 5, 2010) (Hickory

Morganton
- Lenoir, North Carolina, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 12860 (March 9, 2011) (Louisville, Kentucky

- Indiana, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 1850 (April 5, 2011) (Rome, Georgia, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 31239 (May 31, 2011) (Chattanooga, Tennessee

- Georgia

- Alabama, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 31858 (June 2, 2011) (Macon, Georgia, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 36873This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

19 (June 23, 2011) (Atlanta, Georgia, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 38023 (June 29, 2011) (Birmingham, Alabama, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 5542 (September 7, 2011) (Huntington

- Ashland, West Virginia

- Kentucky

O hio, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 76 FR 60373 (September 29, 2011) (Cincinnati, Ohio

- Kentucky

- Indiana, 1997 PM 2.5 ) ; 77 FR 18922 (March 29, 2012) (Harrisburg

- Lebanon

- Carlisle

- York, Allentown, Johnstown and Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1997 PM 2.5 ). The Clean Data Policy repre sents EPA’s interpretation that certain requirements of subpart 1 of part D of the Act are by their terms not applicable to areas that are currently attaining the NAAQS. 13 As explained below, the specific requirements that are inapplicable to an area attain ing the standard are the requirements to submit a SIP that provides for: attainment of the NAAQS; implementation of all reasonably available control measures; reasonable further progress (RFP); and implementation of contingency measures for failure to mee t deadlines for RFP and attainment. CAA section 172(c)(1), the requirement for an attainment demonstration, provides in relevant part that SIPs “shall provide for attainment of the [NAAQS].” EPA has interpreted this

13 This discussion refers to subpart 1 because subpart 1 contains the requirements relating to attainment of the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

20 requirement as not applying to areas tha t have already attained the standard. If an area has attained the standard, there is no need to submit a plan demonstrating how the area will reach attainment. In the General Preamble (57 FR 13564) , EPA stated that no other measures to provide for attainment would be needed by areas seeking redesignation to attainment since “attainment will have been reached.” See also Memorandum from John Calcagni, “Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment,” (September 4, 1992), at page 6. A component of the attainment plan specified under section 172(c)(1) is the requirement to provide for “the implementation of all reasonably available control measures as expeditiously as practicable” ( RACM). Since RACM is an element of the attainment demonstration, see General Preamble ( 57 FR 13560) , for the same reason the attainment demonstration no longer applies by its own terms, RACM also no longer applies to areas that EPA has determined have clea n air. Furthermore, EPA has consistently interpreted this provision to require only implementation of such potential RACM measures that could advance attainment. 14 Thus, where an area is already attaining the standard, no

14 This interpretation was adopted in the General Preamble, see 57 FR 13498, and has been upheld as applied to the Clean Data Policy, as well as to nonattainment SIP submissions. See NRDC v. EPA , 571 F.3d 1245 (D.C. Cir. 2009); Sierra Club v. EPA , 294 F.3d 155 (D.C. Cir. 2002).This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

21 additional RACM measures are requi red. EPA’s interpretation that the statute requires only implementation of the RACM measures that would advance attainment was upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ( Sierra Club v. EPA, 314 F.3d 735, 743

– 745, 5th Cir. 2002) and by the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit ( Sierra Club v. EPA, 294 F.3d 155, 162

– 163, D.C. Cir. 2002). See also the final rulemakings for Pittsburgh

- Beaver Valley, Pennsylvania, 66 FR 53096 (October 19, 2001) and St. Louis, Missouri

- Illin ois, 68 FR 25418 (May 12, 2003). CAA section 172(c)(2) provides that SIP provisions in nonattainment areas must require “reasonable further progress.” The term “reasonable further progress” is defined in section 171(1) as “such annual incremental reduction s in emissions of the relevant air pollutant as are required by this part or may reasonably be required by the Administrator for the purpose of ensuring attainment of the applicable NAAQS by the applicable date.” Thus, by definition, the “reasonable furthe r progress” provision under subpart 1 requires only such reductions in emissions as are necessary to attain the NAAQS. If an area has attained the NAAQS, the purpose of the RFP requirement has been fulfilled, and since the area has already attained, showin g thatThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

22 the State will make RFP towards attainment “[has] no meaning at that point.” General Preamble, 57 FR 13498, 13564 (April 16, 1992). CAA section 172(c)(9) provides that SIPs in nonattainment areas “shall provide for the implementation of specific mea sures to be undertaken if the area fails to make reasonable further progress, or to attain the [NAAQS] by the attainment date applicable under this part. Such measures shall be included in the plan revision as contingency measures to take effect in any

suc h case without further action by the State or [EPA].” This contingency measure requirement is inextricably tied to the reasonable further progress and attainment demonstration requirements. Contingency measures are implemented if reasonable further progres s targets are not achieved, or if attainment is not realized by the attainment date. Where an area has already achieved attainment, it has no need to rely on contingency measures to come into attainment or to make further progress to attainment. As EPA sta ted in the General Preamble: “The section 172(c)(9) requirements for contingency measures are directed at ensuring RFP and attainment by the applicable date.” See 57 FR 13564
. Thus these requirements no longer apply when an area has attained the standard.This document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

23 It is important to note that should an area attain the 2006
PM 2.5 standard based on three years of data, its obligation to submit an attainment demonstration and related planning submissions is suspended only for so long as the area continues to attain t he standard. If EPA subsequently determines, after notice

- and

- comment rulemaking, that the area has violated the NAAQS, the requirements for the State to submit a SIP to meet the previously suspended requirements would be reinstated. It is likewise importa nt to note that the area remains designated nonattainment pending a further redesignation action.
V. EPA’s Proposed Action and Request for Public Commen t EPA is proposing to determine that the Sacramento nonattainment area in California ha s attained the 2006 24

- hour
PM 2.5 standard based on the most recent three years of complete, quality

- assured, and certified data for 2009

- 2011. Preliminary data available in AQS for 201 2 show that the area continue s to attain the standard. EPA further prop oses that, if its proposed determination of attainment is made final, the requirements for the Sacramento nonattainment area to submit an attainment demonstration and associated RACM, a RFP plan, contingency measures, and any other planning SIPs related to attainment of the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS wouldThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

24 be suspended for so long as the area continue s to attain the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS. EPA's proposal is consistent and in keeping with its long

- h e ld interpretation of CAA requirements, as well as with EPA's regulations for similar determinations for ozone ( see 40 CFR 51.918) and the 1997 fine particulate matter standards ( see 40 CFR 51.1004(c)). As described below, any such determination would not be equivalent to the redesignation of the area to attainment for the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS. Any final a ction resulting from this proposal would not constitute a redesignation to attainment under CAA section 107(d)(3) because we have not yet approved a m aintenance plan for the Sacramento nonattainment area as meeting the requireme nts of section 175A of the CAA or determined that the area ha s met the other CAA requirements for redesignation. The classification and designation status in 40 CFR part 81 would remain nonattainment for th e area until such time as EPA determines that Cali fornia has met the CAA requirements for redesignat ing the Sacramento nonattainment area to attainment. If the Sacramento nonattainment area continue s to monitor attainment of the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS, EPA proposes that the requirements for the area to submit an attainment demonstration and associated RACM, a RFP plan, contingency measures, and anyThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

25 other planning requirements related to attainment of the 2006
PM 2.5 NAAQS will remain suspended. If this proposed rulemaking is finalized and EPA subsequently determines, after notice

- and

comment rulemaking in the Federal Register , that the area ha s violated the 2006 PM 2.5 NAAQS, the basis for the suspension of these attainment planning requirements for the Sacramento nonattainment area would no longer exist, and the area would thereafter have to address such requirements. EPA is soliciting public comments on the issues discussed in this document or on other relevant matters
. We will accept
comments from the public on this proposal for the next 30 days. We will consider t hese comments before taking final action.
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Th is action proposes to make a determination of attainment based on air quality and to suspend cert ain federal requirements, and thus, would not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by S tate law. For that reason, this proposed action :

 Is not a "significant regulatory action” subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993);

 D o es not impose an information collection burden under theThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

26 provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq .);

 Is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq .);

 D o es not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub
. L . 104

- 4);

 D o es not have Federalism implications as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);

 Is not an economically significant regulatory action based on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);

 Is not a significant regulatory action subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);

 Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application o f those requirements would be inconsistent with the C AA ; and

 D o es not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to address disproportionate human health or environmentalThis document is a prepublication version signed by EPA Regional

Administrator Jared Blumenfeld on October 15 , 2012. We have taken steps to ensure the accuracy of this version, but it is not the official version.

27 effects with practical, appropriate, and legally permissible methods under Executi ve Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994). In addition, th is proposed action do es not have T ribal implications as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), because the SIP obligations discussed herein do not apply to Indian T ribes and thus this proposed action will not impose substantial direct costs on T ribal governments or preempt T ribal law. List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Particulate matter, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxide s, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

_ _____________ ____ _____________________ Dated: Jared Blumenfeld Regional Administrator, Region IX.