IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 22-0497

Filed July 20, 2022

IN THE INTEREST OF E.M. and C.M.,

Minor Children,

K.M., Father,

Appellant.

________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Benton County, Cynthia S. Finley, 

District Associate Judge.

A father appeals the termination of his parental rights. AFFIRMED.

Jennifer Frese of Kaplan & Frese, LLP, Marshalltown, for appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney 

General, for appellee State.

Judith Jennings Hoover, Cedar Rapids, attorney and guardian ad litem for 

minor children.

Considered by Bower, C.J., and Schumacher and Ahlers, JJ.
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BOWER, Chief Judge.

A father challenges the termination of his parental rights, asserting the 

grounds for termination have not been established, termination is not in the 

children’s best interests, the court should apply an exception to termination 

because the children are in a relative’s custody, and the State did not make 

reasonable efforts to reunite him with the children. We affirm.

K.M., father of E.M. and C.M., left the family home in spring 2020 following

allegations of sexual abuse. The children remained in the mother’s custody and 

care. In June, each child was adjudicated a child in need of assistance (CINA). 

Criminal charges were filed, and a no-contact order between the father and the 

children was entered. The children were formally removed from the father’s 

custody on September 9, and custody remained with the mother under the 

supervision of the department of human services (DHS). 

On August 18, 2021, a jury convicted K.M. of two counts of sexual abuse in 

the second degree, two counts of lascivious acts with a child, and two counts of 

assault with intent to commit sexual abuse. All six convictions relate to incidents 

reported by the children. The court imposed five concurrent sentences and one 

consecutive sentence, for a total indeterminate prison sentence not to exceed 

thirty-five years with a mandatory minimum of seventeen-and-a-half years in 

prison. The father’s criminal appeal is still pending. 

On September 23, the State filed a petition to terminate the father’s parental 

rights. In a concurrent district court dissolution proceeding, legal custody and 

physical care of the children were placed with the mother.
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Following a February 2022 termination hearing, the juvenile court 

terminated the father’s parental rights under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f), (j), 

and (m) (2021).

We review the termination of parental rights de novo, giving weight to the 

juvenile court’s finding of facts. In re A.M., 843 N.W.2d 100, 110 (Iowa 2014). In 

our review, we consider the three steps outlined in Iowa Code section 232.116: 

(1) whether the State’s evidence supports a ground for termination; (2) whether

termination is in the children’s best interests; and (3) whether any exceptions to

termination apply. In re M.W., 876 N.W.2d 212, 219–20 (Iowa 2016). 

Grounds for termination. The father challenges each ground for 

termination—Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f), (j) and (m). He asserts under 

paragraph “f” the children were never removed from their parents’ custody because 

the mother still has custody; paragraph “j” cannot be met because there is “a fair 

likelihood” that his case will be reversed on appeal and he will be released from 

prison; and he had no notice of termination under paragraph “m” and his case is 

still on appeal.

“When the juvenile court terminates parental rights on more than one 

statutory ground, we may affirm the juvenile court’s order on any ground we find 

supported by the record.” In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 774 (Iowa 2012). We find 

termination was proper under section 232.116(1)(j).

The juvenile court may terminate a parent’s rights under section 

232.116(1)(j) if it finds both: 

(1) The child has been adjudicated [CINA] pursuant to section 

232.96 and custody has been transferred from the child’s parents for 

placement pursuant to section 232.102.
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(2) The parent has been imprisoned for a crime against the 

child, the child’s sibling, or another child in the household, or the 

parent has been imprisoned and it is unlikely that the parent will be 

released from prison for a period of five or more years.

Here, the children have been adjudicated CINA and the court ordered them 

removed from the father’s custody. The father has been sentenced to thirty-five 

years in prison for crimes against the children. Although his appeal is still pending, 

he provides no authority to support his argument that paragraph “j” cannot apply 

until the parent’s appeals have been exhausted leading to imprisonment. Nor do 

we read such a requirement into the statute. Both elements for termination under 

paragraph “j” have been met.1

Best interests. In a best-interests analysis, we “give primary consideration 

to the child[ren]’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the long-term 

nurturing and growth of the child[ren], and to the physical, mental, and emotional 

condition and needs of the child[ren].” Iowa Code § 232.116(2). The father argues 

because of the divorce decree and no-contact order, termination is unnecessary 

because the children will be in the same situation whether the court terminates his 

parental rights or not. He further suggests contact with his extended family is in 

the children’s best interests and can serve as a safety net for them.

The juvenile court found the father was likely to attempt modification of any 

court orders limiting his contact with the children as soon as he was legally able 

1 Even if we found the second element of paragraph “j” had not been met due to 

the father’s pending appeal, we have repeatedly rejected the father’s argument 

regarding paragraph “f.” See In re N.D., No. 20-1407, 2021 WL 609067, at *2 

(Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 17, 2021) (collecting cases allowing termination of parental 

rights of noncustodial parent when legal custody is placed with the other parent). 

The elements required for termination under section 232.116(1)(f) have been met. 
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and found “the risk of the [father’s] extended family obtaining custody rights to the 

children should a tragedy befall [the mother] is too great.” The father has been 

convicted of sexually abusing the children. Allowing the legal bonds between the 

father and the children to continue would not be best for the children’s safety;

nurturing and growth; or their physical, mental and emotional needs. Termination 

of the father’s rights is in the children’s best interests.

Exception to termination. The father argues because the mother has 

custody of the children, the court need not terminate his parental rights under Iowa 

Code section 232.116(3)(a). The exceptions to termination “are permissive, not 

mandatory.” M.W., 876 N.W.2d at 225. Their application is discretionary based 

on the facts of the case and the best interests of the children. Id. The mother—

the children’s custodian—testified termination of the father’s rights is the best thing 

for her and the children in moving their lives forward. Under these circumstances, 

we decline to apply an exception to termination under section 232.116(3).

Reasonable efforts. The reasonable-efforts requirement is part of the 

State’s proof a child cannot be safely returned to the parent’s care. In re L.M., 904 

N.W.2d 835, 839 (Iowa 2017); In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000) (“[T]he 

reasonable efforts requirement is not viewed as a strict substantive requirement of 

termination.”). “[W]here the elements of termination require reasonable efforts by 

DHS, the scope of DHS’s efforts after removal impacts the burden of proving those 

elements.” In re L.T., 924 N.W.2d 521, 527 (Iowa 2019); accord C.B., 611 N.W.2d 

at 493. Termination under section 232.116(1)(j) does not include an element

implicating the reasonable-efforts requirement. See In re A.B., No. 16-1578, 2016 

WL 6902884, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. Nov. 23, 2016). 
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We affirm the termination of the father’s parental rights.

AFFIRMED.