### STATE OF FLORIDA STATE BOARD OF CONSERVATION DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert O. Vernon, Director

REPORT OFINVESTIGATIONS NO.31



### GROUND-WATER RESOURCES 

## OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA

By H.J.McCoy U.S. Geological Survey Prepared by the UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY in cooperation with COLLIERCOUNTY the CITYOF NAPLES and the FLORIDA GEOLOGICALSURVEY

Tallahassee 1962

### AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY 

# FLORIDA STATE BOARD 

# OF CONSERVATION

Farris Bryant

Governor

Tom Adams RichardErvin SecretaryofState Attorney General

J.Edwin Larson Ray E. Green Treasurer Comptroller

ThomasD. Bailey Doyle Conner SuperintendentofPublicInstruction CommissionerofAgriculture

W. Randolph Hodges Director

ii

### LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

TALLAHASSEE

August 8, 1962 

### Honorable Farris Bryant, Chairman Florida State Board of Conservation Tallahassee, Florida Dear Governor Bryant: The Division of Geology is publishing, as Florida Geological Survey Report ofInvestigations No. 31, a report on the ground-water resources of Collier County, prepared by Mr. H. J. McCoy, geologist with the U. S. Geological Survey,in cooperation with the City ofNaples, Collier County, and this department. The report recognizes two major aquifers as the source of ground water in Collier County. The lower aquifer is highly mineralized, but contains usable water, and the more shallow aquifer is the source of large supplies, which are utilized by municipalities and domestic users. Adequate supplies offresh water are present in the Naples area and by proper planning, these can be developed in an orderly manner and salt water encroachment can be prevented. Respectfully yours, Robert O.Vernon Directorand State Geologist

iiiCompleted manuscript received July 5, 1962 Publishedforthe Florida Geological Survey By Rose PrintingCompany Tallahassee, Florida

August 8, 1962



### iv

### CONTENTS Page Abstract ___ 1 Introduction 2 Purpose and scope of investigation 2 Previous investigations 2 Well-numbering system 4 Acknowledgments 4 Geography 4 General features 4 Climate 5 Physiography and drainage -__ 6 Geology __ 10 General statement 10 Miocene Series 10 Tampa Formation 10 Hawthorn Formation __ _11 Tamiami Formation ___ _ 12 Pliocene Series __ 13 Caloosahatchee Marl 13 Pleistocene and Recent Series

_ 13 Anastasia Formation 13 Fort Thompson Formation __14 Miami Oolite 14 Pleistocene.terraces and Recent deposits 15 Test-well drilling 15 Ground water 16 Principles of occurrence 16 Floridan aquifer _ ___ 17 Piezometric surface - 18 Recharge and discharge 20 Availability and use of ground water -- -- _ _ 22 Shallow aquifer 24 Recharge and discharge 925 Water-level fluctuations 30 Availability and use of ground water - __ 31 Quantitative studies 35 Hydraulics of aquifers 35 Aquifer tests 36 Quality ofwater 41 Floridan aquifer 4-------- 44 Shallow aquifer 46 Salt-water contamination - 51 Recent and residual enroachment --- 54 Upward leakage 56 Summary 57 References ---- __59 Well logs __-___-_ __--____- - 61

v

### ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Florida Peninsula showing location of Collier County - -_ 3 2 Collier County showing location of wells and geologic sections A-A' and B-B' facing 4 3 Collier County showing the geology exclusive of organic soils facing 6 4 Physiographic regions ofCollier County 8 5 Map showing surficial flow in Collier County 9 6 Lithologic cross section along A-A' in figure 2 facing 12 7 Lithologic cross section along line B-B' in figure 2

- facing 14 8 The piezometric surface ofthe Floridan aquifer, July 6-17, 1961 _-- 19 9 Piezometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in Collier County, 1960 facing 20 10 Map of Everglades showing location of wells and cross section along line C-C' _ 21 11 Cross section along line C-C' in figure 10, showing amount of open hole in wells 23 12 Northwestern Collier County showing locations of the Naples municipal well fields, and geologic cross sections along lines D-D', E-E', and F-F' _____ 

### facing 24 13 Geologic cross section and chloride content of water along line D-D' in figure 12 25 14 Geologic cross section and chloride content of water along line E-E' in figure 12 26 15 Geologic cross section and chloride content of water along line F-F' in figure 12 _ 27 16 Hydrograph of well 610-147-14 showing daily high, monthly pumpage from Naples well field, and daily rainfall at Naples, June 1958- December 1960 28 17 Hydrographs of wells 606-120-1, 625-116-1, and 617-134-3, and daily rainfall at Miles City and Lake Trafford, 1960 29 18 Water-level contour map of northwestern Collier County, August 15, 1960 facing 30 19 Water-level contour map ofnorthwestern Collier County, March 29, 1960 _ facing 30 20 Graph showing annual pumpage from the Naples well fields, 1945-62 _ 32 21 Naples well field area showing municipal supply wells and observation weUs - 34 22 Graph showing drawdown in observation wells at the end of the 30-hour aquifer test,January 9-10, 1959, and sketch showing wells usedin thetest 37 23 Idealized sketch showing flow in a leaky artesian aquifer system 38 24 Graph showing drawdowns in wells 610-147-9 and 610-147-15 during aquifer test January 9-10, 1959, and theoretical drawdown for artesian, water-table, and leaky-aquifer conditions 39 25 Sketch showing wells used in pumping test, April 8-10, 1960, and graph showing drawdown at end of the44-hour test 40 26 Drawdown and recovery of waterlevel in well 629-127-3 showing effects of pumping test, April 8-10, 1960 42 27 Northwestern Collier County showing chloride content of water from selected wells and surface-water observation points facing 46 28 Idealized sketch of fresh-water and salt-water distribution in an unconfined coastal aquifer to illustrate the Ghyben-Herzberg relation

_ 52 29 Sketch showing the fresh-water- salt-water interface according to the potential theory and the Ghyben-Herzberg principle 53 viTable .Page 1 Average monthly temperature at Naples and Everglades, the average monthly rainfall at Naples, Everglades, Lake Trafford, and Miles City ._ 6 2 Chemical analyses of water from selected wells that penetrate the Floridan aquifer in Collier County 45 3 Chemical analyses of waterfrom selected wells that penetrate the shallow aquifer in Collier County _ ______ 47 4 Chloride content in parts per million, from selected wells in northwestern Collier County ____ 48 5 Well records in Collier County, Florida .........- _-_.-.. _ ..... 66

vii

### GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA By H.J.McCoy 

### ABSTRACT Twomajor aquifers arethe sources of ground-water suppliesin Collier County.1 The lower is the Floridan aquifer, and wells penetrating it throughout most of the county will flow. Except in the town of Everglades, where it yields water containing about 800 ppm (parts per million) of chloride, the Floridan aquifer produces water too highly mineralized formost purposes.The mainproducing zones oftheFloridan aquifer in Collier County are the permeable limestones of the Tampa Formation, of Early Miocene Age, and those in the lower part of the Hawthorn Formation, of Middle Miocene Age. The fine sand and clay section in theupper part ofthe Hawthorn Formation confines the Floridan aquifer. Thetop ofthe aquifer is generally about 400 feetbelow the land surface. The chief source of fresh ground water in Collier County is an extensive shallow aquifer which extends from the land surface to a depth of about 130feet in the northwestern part of the county, to a depth of about 90 feet in the southern part, and to a depth of about 60 feet in the central and northeastern parts. The aquifer thins to a featheredge alongthe easterncounty boundary. The permeable zones of the shallow aquifer are the Pamlico Sand and solution-riddled limestones oftheAnastasia Formation, ofPleistocene Age, and the Tamiami Formation of Late Miocene Age. Semi-confining layers ofmarl impedethe verticalmovement ofwater within the aquifer. The shallow ground water in the southern coastal areascontains very high concentrations of chloride as a result of sea-water encroachment. The shallow water in the Naples area is of good quality, containing about 250ppm of dissolved solids. This is due in part to a high freshwater head adjacent to the coast and the resultant flushing of ground water.In the areas inland from Naples the ground water contains greater concentrations ofchlorides and dissolvedsolids,which aredue toresidual

SThe classification and nomenclature of the rock units conform to the usage of the Florida Geological Survey and also, except for the Tampa Formation and the Ocala Group and its subdivisions, to that of the U.S. Geological Survey, which regards the Tampa asthe Tampa Limestone andthe Ocala Group as two formations, the Ocala Limestone and the Inglis Limestone. The Ocala Group as used by the Florida Geological Survey includes theCrystal River, Williston,and InglisFormations. 

### 12 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THITY-ONE 

### sea water and lackofflushing ofthe shallow aquifer. In the Immokalee area, water from the shallow aquifer is potable but its quality varies considerably withdifferent welldepths. The coefficient of transmissibility of the shallow aquifer in the Naples arearanges from92,000 gpd (gallons per day) per footto 180,000 gpd per foot and the coefficient of storage ranges from 0.001 to 0.004. In the vicinity of Immokalee the coefficient of transmissibility is about 60,000 gpdperfootandthecoefficient ofstorage is0.0002. Adequate supplies of fresh ground water are available in Naples andvicinity,and these canbe developed inan orderly manner to prevent salt-water encroachment. Controlled drainage of inland areas can provide fresh water to replenish ground-water supplies ofcoastal areas as urbanization expands. INTRODUCTION PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION 

### Since 1950 the population of the coastal areas of Collier County, Florida (fig. 1), has increased rapidly. With this increase has come the need for additional quantities of potable water. Recognizing this, the Collier County Board of Commissioners, in cooperation with the city of Naples, requested the U.S. Geological Survey to investigate the groundwater resources of the county. Such an investigation was begun in November 1959 by the Geological Survey in cooperation with Collier County. An appreciable part of the data was obtained during a continuing cooperative program begun in 1951 with the city of Naples. Theinvestigation included the following phases: (1) assembling and evaluating existing basic data; (2) obtaining data related to the availability and movement of ground water; (3) determining the hydrologic andgeologic characteristics ofthe subsurface materials; (4) determining thechemical quality ofground water; and (5) preparing areport ofthe results oftheinvestigation. Theinvestigation wasunder the general supervision ofPhilip E. LaMoreaux, former chief of the Ground Water Branch of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., and under the immediate supervision of M. I. Rorabaugh, district engineer, Tallahassee, and Howard Klein, geologist,U.S. Geological Survey, Miami, Florida. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS 

### Two reports, "Ground-Water Resources ofthe Naples Area, Collier County, Florida" in 1954 and "Ground-Water Resources of Northwest Collier County,Florida" in 1961, summarize the geologic andhydrologicGROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 3 S 84' 82* 81a 60 s 

### G E O R G IA >-- S GAD ---- NASSAU I SEN / M r- HAMILTON

LIBERTY WAKULLA TAYLO I

-- SFRANKLIN , SIALAOHUA PUTNA DIXIE I ALA PUTtM- FLA

GLER

II LUSI29 "----,-- ---- ___----__________ --- .'-- • _L- -- U'



### -________I o . , < CITRUS , LAC UKEr I HERNANM ORANGE PASCO r ' ^



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- 27 CHARLOTTE- GLADES 

# re il 

# A- -- l---.-^, JLEE HENORY PALM BEACH BRiA/ 26' Miami 0 MONROE\ DADE 25 0 A_- 25 50 75 10 Miles

25'

Figure 1. Florida Peninsula showing location ofCollier County.

### 4 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### conditions in northwestern Collier County. The U.S. Geological Survey maintains water-level recording gages in the city of Naples well-field area, in eastern Collier County near the Broward County boundary, and east of Immokalee at the Hendry County boundary. Significant parts of the 1954 and 1960 reports are incorporated in this report because they pertain to the overall development of water resources .in northwestern Collier County. WELL-NUMBERING SYSTEM 

### The well-numbering system used in this report isbased on longitude and latitude coordinates. As shown in figure 2, Collier County has been divided into quadrangles by a grid of 1-minute parallels (of latitude) and 1-minute meridians (oflongitude). Thewell numbers were assigned bytheir locations within thegrid system. Each number consists of three parts; the first part is the last degree digit and the 2-minute digits of latitude, on the south side of the 1-minute quadrangle; the second part is the last degree digit and the 2-minute digits of longitude on the east side ofthe quadrangle; the third partis the orderin which the well was inventoried within the quadrangle. The first degree digit of north latitude and west longitude is omitted because all wells have the same digit. For example, well 609-147-17 designates the 17th well inventoried inthe quadrangle bounded bylatitude 26009' onthe south and longitude 81047' onthe east. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

### Appreciation is expressed to Mr. W. H. Turner, Collier County engineer,for his cooperation and courtesy throughout the investigation; to Mr.W. F. Savidge, Naples WaterPlant superintendent, forhis cooperation and information concerning ground-water use and proposed wellfield locations for the municipal water supply in and around Naples; to theCollierDevelopment Corporation for its cooperation in permitting access to many unused wells on its properties; and to the residents of Collier County for furnishing information about their wells. Thanks are extended to thefollowing well drillers ofthe area for information on the subsurface geology and the depth, construction, and yield of wells: Mr.Albert Miller ofFort Myers, Mr. James Whatley of Immokalee, and Mr. Carl May ofNaples. GEOGRAPHY GENERAL FEATURES 

### Collier Countycomprises 2,032 square miles in the southwestern part oftheFlorida Peninsula (fig. 1.) Its population has increased from 6,4888r52' 50' 45' 40' 35' 30' 25' 20' 15' 10 05' 8100' 55' 80°50' 26 '34 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I 26034'

--- BI ' 8* 81 11,46874 _313 .... • -'26"11 --

- - 

# 20 HEND1RY COUNTY23 141 . o a 30' EXPLANATION 4 26 i I' I 2ý .2 1.[ 3 Wellandwell number '" 272'6 S z5-5f A A' -- -- 2 l INSET, B - Line of 'ection 1 C U N Y 1 E i AN , I a- ., 26"09, 0 1 2 3 4 5miles COUNTY e o 25' .8140 81"39' F.2 · P25'564

.1- 22 20 - 22 LEED4.R C U T 

# y20 SINSET C GC 0 L I E R4 INSE 1 . .26-07- 3 SUNILAND D Y C O UN T 0O L I E R C O UN Y .T 

# I I 

## K

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--- I_ -^ - --- 0 i \ 

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a S o Islard ^ ||5IsF c - ^_ 2^Sf z^I I IIISET 0,7a L)

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### Figure<2A. an B oB' A-A'andB-B' /J ^if^ggg^^,' :AA4 0 L.o LLI E R ---- ------ ^-C 0 U N T V / 0 0 E c C O U N Y I 25*45 I 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 ' II 

### I I I I 25,45. 81r52' 50' 45' 40' 35' 30' 25 20' 15' 10' 05' 81°00' 55' 80°50'

Basetaken from mopsof the Florida State RoadDepartment Figure 2. Collier County showing location of wells and geologic sections A-A' andB-B'GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 5 

### in 1950 to 15,753 in 1960, morethanhalfofwhichis inthethree principal towns. Naples (fig. 2) has a population of 4,650, and its suburbs to the north andeastincrease thisfigure to morethan9,000. Duringeach winter season a large number oftourists visit this coastal area. Immokalee has a population of 4,800, which is increased periodically by the influx of migrant farm laborers. The town of Everglades has decreased in population from 800 in 1950 to 550 in 1960. The principal occupation of the county is truck farming. The most important crops are tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, and watermelons. Cattleraising is carried on also. Tourism is important to the economy of the area, particularly the coastal towns of Naples and Everglades. Oil production adds considerably to the economy, as the only producing oil field in Florida is located at Sunniland incentral Collier County (fig. 2). 

### Quarrying oflimestone forroad and building materials is also a sizable industry. There arethree major roads in Collier County (fig. 2); the Tamiani Trail (U.S. Highway 41) is themain arterial road through the county. State Highway 29 connects Everglades with Immokalee and Immokalee with northern towns; and State Highway 846 connects Naples with Immokalee and Immokalee with eastern towns. There are several unimprovedroads,buta largepart ofthe interior ofthecounty canbereached onlyby specially equippedvehicles. CLIMATE 

### The climate ofCollier Countyis humid subtropical buttemperatures are moderated by winds from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Table 1 shows temperature and rainfall averages at weather stations within the county. The average annual temperature for coastal Collier County is approximately 750

### F. The warmest months are usually July and August. Thehumidity is high but frequent afternoon thundershowerspreventextremelyhightemperatures. Rainfall records from the Naples, Everglades, and Lake Trafford stations show that there is not a significant variation in the average annual rainfall throughoutmuch ofthe county,butthat large differences do occur during a single year. During the very wet year of 1959 the Miles City stationrecorded 88.76 inches of rainfall, the greatest yearly rainfall ofrecord in the county, whereas the station at Everglades recorded 64.29 inches. Thatyear also established a new high for Naples, where 72.50 inches was recorded. Several dry years occurred during whichless than 35inches fell.6 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THITY-ONE TABLE 1. Average Monthly Temperature at Naples and Everglades, and Average Monthly Rainfall at Naples, Everglades, LakeTrafford, and Miles City Temperature (*F)* Rainfall (inches)t Month Lake Naples Everglades Naples Everglades Trafford Miles City January......... 65.9 67.0 1.50 1.58 1.48 2.83 February....... 67.3 67.5 1.49 1.43 1.93 2.53 March......... 72.1 70.4 2.28 2.21 2.83 4.41 April........... 74.1 73.9 2.54 2.63 2.79 3.39 May........... 77.3 77.5 4.15 4.63 5.02 8.15 June........... 81.3 81.0 7.81 8.87 6.29 9.64 July........... 82.7 82.2 8.65 8.40 7.94 10.29 August......... 83.3 82.9 7.97 7.27 6.87 8.54 September...... 82.3 82.1 9.93 9.75 8.99 9.46 October........ 77.4 78.2 5.77 4.24 6.19 7.16 November...... 71.9 72.1 1.51 1.24 1.28 1.38 December...... 67.3 68.2 1.27 1.35 2.05 2.32 Yearly average.. 75.1 75.2 54.84 53.78 53.86 74.06

*Period of record, US. Weather Bureau, Naples, 1942-60; Everglades, 1926-60. " Period of record, U.S. Weather Bureau, Naples, 1943-60; Everglades, 1926-60; Lake Trafford, 1951-60: and Miles City. 1957-60. PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE 

### Collier County lies within the Atlantic Coastal Plain physiographic province (Meinzer, 1923, pl.28). It is part of the Terraced Coastal Lowlands physiographic region of Florida as subdivided by Puri and Vernon (1959, p.7,fig. 3). The Terraced Coastal Lowlands were formed during the interglacial stages ofthePleistocene Epoch, when sea level was much higher than itis today andFloridawasnearly coveredbythe ocean.Whenthe sea remained relatively stationary for a long period, current and wave action developed relatively flat surfaces on the ocean floor. During the glacial stages the searetreated and the flat surfaces emerged as marine terraces which had gentle seaward dips. Wave action at the inland margin of the seawould generally cuta scarp or benchinto the abutting landmass, leaving awell-defined shoreline when the sea retreated. In many places, however,either wave-cutbenches were notformed orthey weremasked bylaterdeposition orthegrowth ofvegetation.

..

## EXPLANATION 

# N I I Pamlico Sand Talbot Formation z Miami Oolite 0 10 miles Ft, Thompson Formation .* *. . 

## |'s Anastasia Formation

- 

### 4/ 

## Caloosahatchee Marl <



## Immokalee ', 

### H 

## S_ Tamiami Formation H

Naples



## Everglades

Figure 8, Collier County showing the geology exclusive of organic soils,GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 7 

### Cooke (1945, p. 245-248; 273-311) recognized seven terraces representing seven stands ofthe sea during Pleistocene time. Ofthese terraces only the lowest two are within the surface altitudes of Collier County: the Pamlico terrace at 25 feet above msl (mean sea level) and the Talbot terrace at 25-42 feet above msl. Parker and Cooke (1944, p.24) included a still lower shoreline, called Silver Bluff terrace, which is recognizable along Biscayne Bay in Miami, Florida, where it cuts into therockatan altitudeof5feet. The writerwas unableto distinguish any field evidence ofthe ancient shorelines in Collier County. However, from aerial photographs and topographic maps, apart of the Pamlico shoreline can be traced which correlates with that of Parker and Cooke (1944, pl. 14). Parker and Cooke (p. 26) indicated that during Pamlico time, while most ofsouth Florida was covered by the sea, an island existed south ofthe Caloosahatchee River. Thisislandwas probably aremnant ofthe Talbot terrace which stood between 25 and 42 feet above sea level. As can be seen in figure 8, only a smallpart ofthe island extended into Collier County. This island was referred to as Immokalee Island by Parker, et al., (1955, p. 189). During the last glacial stage of the Pleistocene, the sea retreated to about 25 feetbelow itspresent level and left manyparallel beach ridges and bars in southern Florida. Sand was transported southward beyond Everglades and Marco Island and dunes were formed. Sand dunes are thefoundations ofmany ofthe islands inthe TenThousand Islands area, andthetop ofone dune on Marco Island stands 52feet above sea level, thehighestlandpointin CollierCounty (Parker and Cooke, 1944, p.26). Davis (1943, fig. 1) divided Collier County into three physiographic regions: theFlatlands, theBig Cypress Swamp, andthe Southwest Coast and Ten Thousand Islands (fig. 4). The Flatlands region contains a great number of marshes and swamps, cypress stands, and open-water depressions. These include the Corkscrew Marsh, Lake Trafford, and the Okaloacoochee Slough (fig. 5). Numerous embayments, lagoons, creeks, and rivers occurin this region along the Gulf ofMexico. The Big Cypress Swampcovers the flat, poorly drained central and eastern parts of the county and is characterized by swamps containing large cypress trees, islands ofpine forests, and wet marl prairies. Most of the region is less than 15 feet above sea level. The Southwest Coast and Ten Thousand Islands has many tidal streams, bays, lagoons, and thousands ofshoal-waterislands. Much ofthe areaiscovered bymangrove swamps and salt-water marshes. Drainage in Collier County is sluggish, because of the general flat topography, and is mainly through the interconnected sloughs (fig. 5).8 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETN TIRTY-ONE



### N

F L A T L A N S 

### o miles 0 10 miles

Figure 4. Physiographic regions of Collier County. 

### There are many creeks and rivers along the coastline, but they do not extend great distances inland. The principal drainage channels are the Gordon River at Naples, the Barron River at Everglades, the Turner Rivereast ofEverglades, andthe Cocohatchee River in the northwestern part ofthe county. Major canal construction has extended the drainage of the Cocohatchee and Barron rivers considerable distances inland. The digging of several major canals has altered the natural drainage to some extent. The canal adjacent tothe Tamiami Trail (U.S. Highway 41) acts chiefly to collect southward runoff fromthe Big Cypress Swamp and distribute the water to the nearest outlets beneath the highway. It has little effect on drainage except in areas where itjoins streams that discharge to the gulf, such asthe Barron andTurner rivers. Therecently constructed borrow canals adjacent to State Highways 858 and 846GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 

### 9

EXPLANATION Immokolee SDirection of surficiol flow

Naples 1IN 7 -- _ - 'E 4ld10 _miles,

Figure 5. Surficial flow in Collier County. 

### constitute the beginning of a program of drainage and development in northwestern Collier County. The canal adjacent to State Highway 846 connects with the Cocohatchee River and extends more than 12 miles inland into frequently flooded areas, where land-surface elevations in places exceed 15feet. The Barron River Canal probably diverts a sizable amount ofwater from the Fakawatchee Swamp. Drainage in eastern and west-central Collier County is so poor that the area remains flooded for longperiods after the end ofeachrainy season. Deep Lake, one of five sinkhole lakes in southern Florida (Parker and Cooke, 1944, p. 44) isjust east of State Highway 29, and about 14 milesnorth ofEverglades (fig. 2). It has vertical or overhanging sides to depths ranging from 35 to 50 feet, below which it slopes gradually to its deepest point of 95 feet. It resulted from underground solution and collapse oflimestone.10 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### GEOLOGY GENERAL STATEMENT 

### The peninsula ofFlorida is an emerged part of a large extension of the ancient continental landmass. The extension is called the Floridian Plateau (Vaughan, 1910). The core of this plateau is formed ofigneous and metamorphic rocks known as the basement complex. Sedimentary rocks overlying the corerangein thickness from about 4,000feet nearthe center of the peninsula to more than 12,000 feet in Collier County (Parker and Cooke, 1944, p. 18). The predominant materials in this county to a depth ofabout 700 feet are sand, limestone, and clay; below 700feettherocks arechieflylimestone and dolomite. The onlyproducing oil field in Floridais located in Collier County, near Sunniland (fig. 2). Oil was discovered at a depth of 11,626 feet, where it is trapped in structural folds within the sediments of Trinity Age in the Lower Cretaceous Series. The discovery well was completed on September, 26, 1943, but was later abandoned. Additionalwells were drilled and the field is still producing. Oil-exploration wells drilled in Collier County furnish valuable information for the study of the deep structures and stratigraphy ofsouthern Florida. Rocks ofMiocene Age and younger are the only materials in Collier County that will yield water suitable for irrigation, municipal, or domestic purposes. Older rocks ofOligocene and Eocene Age yield large quantities of water to deep flowing wells, but the water is too highly mineralized for ordinary uses.Therefore, only thoseformations that yield water offairtogoodquality or inusablequantities willbe described here in detail. MIOCENE SERIES TAMPA FORMATION 

### Cooke (1945, p. 111-115) defined the Tampa Formation as theLower Miocene sandy limestones that overlie the Suwannee Limestone of Oligocene Age and grade upward into the younger Hawthorn Formation. In Collier County, the Tampa Formation is represented primarily by a sandy limestone or a calcareous sandstone. The sand is predominantly quartz and occurs in pockets or thin beds, or is disseminated in the limestone matrix. In well cuttings, the limestone varies from a dirty buff color to a very light color. Somephosphatic material is associated with theTampaFormation in CollierCounty. In oil-exploratory wells in the centralpart ofthe county, the Tampa Formation is approximately 200 feet thick. In one well, near Sunniland, 

## JGROUIND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 11 

### the top of the Tampa Formation was reached at a depth of 411 feet. In well 609-115-1, 5 miles east of Miles City, the Tampa Formation was penetrated in the interval between 400 and 578 feet below land surface. In well 556-128-1 on the southern mainland and well 554-143-1 on Marco Island, the Tampa Formation was reached at depths of 376 and 350 feet, respectively. Several flowing wells in the Naples area probably are of sufficient depth to penetrate the Tampa Formation, but no record of the well cuttings is available. The 300-foot test well 616-141-2, 82 miles northeast of Naples, did not reach the Tampa Formation (fig. 6). In Collier County, the limestones of the Tampa Formation probably are the chief source ofthe water yielded by flowing wells which penetrate the upper part of the Floridan aquifer, the principal artesian systemthatunderlies Florida (Parker, 1951,p.831). HAWTHORN FORMATION 

### TheMiddle Miocene Hawthorn Formation in Collier County overlies the Tampa Formation and underlies the Tamiami Formation of Late Miocene Age. It is composed predominantly ofclay but it contains also stringers or lenses of sand and gravel and thin layers of limestone and shells. The limestones generally occur near the bottom ofthe formation. The clay and sandy clay in the formation are relatively impermeable. Inplaces they resemble commercial modeling clay. Because ofthe characteristic low permeability of the clay, the Hawthorn Formation forms the main part of the confining section that caps the Floridan aquifer. The boundary between the green clay ofthe Hawthorn Formation and the gray-green silty, sandy clays of the overlying Tamiami Formationisverydifficult,ifnotimpossible,todeterminefrom fossils.Lithologic differences cannot be used to differentiate because there appears to be a gradational zone between the Hawthorn Formation and the TamiamiFormation (figs. 6, 7). However, it is estimated by the author that the Hawthorn Formation in Collier County ranges in thickness from about 250 to 300feet, andthat the top ofthe formation ranges in depth from less than 100 feet in the Sunniland-Immokalee area to more than 200 feet along the western coastal areas. Figure 7 shows the subsurface lithology alonglineB-B'infigure 2. Parker, et al., (1955, p. 84) stated that artesian wells penetrating limestones in the lower part of the Hawthorn Formation in coastal Collier County have water levels that correspond with those of deeper wells. Thisindicates thatthe lowerlimestonesoftheHawthorn Formation

### 12 FLORDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE are interconnected with the main body of limestones of the Floridan aquifer and they may be considered the top of the aquifer. However, someofthese wellsprobably extendinto the Tampa Formation in order thatadequateyieldmaybe obtained. Information obtained by Klein (1954, p. 22) has shown that soft limestones in the Hawthorn Formation atdepths of200 to 250feetin the Naples area yield low to moderate quantities of water. Wells tapping these beds have water levels considerably lower than those of deeper wells, andthecontained water is more saline than water from the Floridan aquifer. These relatively shallow limestones probably constitute a separate artesian system. TAMIAMI FORMATION 

### The Tamiami Formation as defined by Parker (1955, p. 85) includes all the Upper Miocene deposits in southern Florida. It underlies nearly all of Collier County (fig. 8), and in the southern and eastern parts of the county it is exposed at the surface or is covered by a thinveneer of 7gnger deposits. Parker (1955, p. 85) indicated that the formation has a maximum thickness ofabout 150 feet in southern Florida. The exact thicknesses of the formation were not determined from test wells in Collier County because Tamiami sediments are gradational with ,the older Hawthorn sediments. Schroeder and Klein (1954, p.4) suggesteda thickness of about 50 feet for the Tamiami Formation at Sunniland. The Tamiami Formation is composed predominantly of tan to light gray sandy and silty clay and shell marls. The lower part of the formation is chiefly shelly, fine sand and greenish clayey marls. These materials are of low permeability and constitute the upper part of the confiningbedsoftheFloridan aquifer. TheupperpartoftheTamiami Formation throughout mostof Collier County iscomposed ofrelatively thin, solution-riddled, highly permeable andveryfossiliferous limestone.Thislimestone member appears towedge out a few miles west, south, and east of Immokalee, and according to Schroeder and Klein (1954, p.4)itdoesnotoccur nearthe Dade-Broward County boundary. In well 625-116-1 (fig. 6), 9 miles east of Immokalee at the Hendry County boundary, the limestone was penetrated at a depth of22feet and was more than 82 feet thick. The shallow depth of the wells immediately east of Immokalee indicates that the member is thinning to the west. In the vicinity of Naples, thetop of the limestones oftheTamiami Formation ranges from about 25 to 55 feetbelow the land surface. In southern and southeastern Collier County, it is exposed atthe surface orisoverlain by athinveneer ofyounger materials.c c\J I- ro c

....

.:... B _ Mean__ Sea _ ' ." -- Level ""_ " _-

_

• -- {EXPLANATION

- | ^:~Lithologic Symbols

n SL e _Sand Limestone Clay Shells Phosphatic .i • 't: or material S'" i • "marlr 0

- - 

# 2Iu 6. LhM 0 e 

## (D i Mean Sea Level ---------- I

FomarlGROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 13 

### It is exposedin canals,and ditches, and is quarried extensively along U.S. Highway 41inthe southern part ofthe county and along State Highway 29, principally in the vicinity of Sunniland. In the quarried areas the limestone is characterized by the large echinoid Encope macrophora tamiamiensis. The Tamiami Formation is probably unconformable with overlying younger sediments. Schroeder and Klein (1954, p. 4) described the surface ofthe formation in the easternpart ofthe county as undulating and dissected. They indicated also that the dissection occurred prior to Pliocene depositionandpossibly againduringthePleistocene. The limestone ofthe Tamiami Formation forms the principal shallow aquifer in Collier County. Its highpermeability and widespread occurrence indicate its great importance in the development of large water supplies inthecounty. PLIOCENE SERIES CALOOSAHATCHEE MARL 

### The Caloosahatchee Marl is predominantly a grayish green silty, sandy, shell marl with interbedded layers of sand, silt, clay, and marl (Parker, et al., 1955, p. 89). The formation rests unconformably on the Tamiami Formation in the eastern part of Collier County (fig. 3). In well 625-116-1, 9 miles east of Immokalee, 18 feet ofgray sandy, shelly marl was penetrated (fig. 6) which may represent the Caloosahatchee Marl. It overlies solution-riddled limestone of the Tamiami Formation. The generally low permeability of the Caloosahatchee Marl causes wells drawingwaterfromittohave lowyields. PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT SERIES ANASTASIA FORMATION 

### The Anastasia Formation represents the marine deposits of prePamlico Age of the Pleistocene Series in Collier County. Parker, et al., (1955, pl. 4) indicated that the Anastasia Formation occurs in a band about 5to 6miles wide along the west coast of Collier County (fig. 3). At its type locality, Anastasia Island near St. Augustine, the Anastasia Formation is a coquinoid limestone. In Collier County, however, it appears as alight cream to lightgray sandylimestone andtan shelly, sandy marl containingmany Chionecancellata. Although the Anastasia Formation is present only in a small part of Collier County (fig. 3), it causes much difficulty in well drilling. Many small-diameterwellshavebeen abandoned orrestricted to shallow depths14 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### because drillers could not penetrate a hard, dense limestone in the formation. The Anastasia Formation is exposed along the canal banks on the north side of State Highway 846. Two miles east of the intersection ofState Highway 846 and U.S. Highway 41, the hard limestone of the formation is very near the land surface and dips toward the Gulf of Mexico. In well 613-148-1, the formation is 22 feet below land surface andisprobably about 15feetthick (fig.6). The Anastasia Formation probably overlies the Tamiami -Formation unconformably in most areas of the county. In the southern part of Collier County along U.S. Highway 41 and in the Sunniland quarries, verythinbedsofhardtanlimestoneorsandstone,whichcontain abundant Chionecancellata,overlie and fill depressions of the old eroded surface of the Tamiami Formation. Parker, et al., (1955, p. 85) assigned this limestonetobeAnastasiaFormation. Limestones of theAnastasia Formation are generally permeable and where they are thick, as atNaples, they form an important part of the shallow aquifer. FORT THOMPSON FORMATION 

### The Fort Thompson Formation is composed of alternating marind and fresh-water deposits. The deposits consist of sand,marl, shell marl, sandstone, and limestone of fresh-water and marine origin which were deposited during one or several ofthe glacial stages of the Pleistocene (Klein, 1954, p. 13). Any sequence of fresh-water and marine beds, or fresh-water beds alone, older than Recent fresh-water deposits is considered as representing the Fort Thompson Formation of Pleistocene Age. (See Schroeder and Klein, 1954, p.5; Parker,et al., 1955,p. 90-99.) The Fort Thompson Formation occurs in the eastern part of Collier County (fig. 3) whereitrests unconformably ontheTamiami Formation. Testdrilling indicatedthat along the eastern boundary ofthe county the FortThompson Formationranges inthicknessfrom 3to9feet (Schroeder andKlein, 1954). Klein (1954, p. 12-13) described a zone of fresh-water gastropods overlying the Anastasia Formation in Naples. This zone may represent orbeequivalent tothe uppermost zone oftheFort Thompson Formation. MIAMI OOLITE 

### The southeast corner of Collier County is covered by the Miami Oolite, a gray, porous, oolitic limestone (fig. 3). The contact between theMiami Oolite and the underlying Tamiami Formation can be seenIo

"•o I " M0 T m

S0 surface Or La' , Land i " -;.. . 

### Mean

- - sea level R.

-cc

! .-,: - .^

!:- . r ;

6

- ,-^

S; .-- "--

. -

S-eOEXPLANATION Lithologic Symbols

-3CO- Sand Limestone Clay Shells Phosphatic or material Smarl -320- 0 o I 2 3miles Scale 

# -tsC1 Figure 7. Lithologic cross section along line B-B' in figure 2. Figure 7. Lithologic •cross secton along line.B-B' in figure 2. |'

### GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 15 

### in canal banks along U.S. Highway 41 a few miles west of the Dade County boundary. The Miami Oolite in Collier County probably does notexceed 5feet in thickness, butitthickens eastward in Dade County, whereitforms anintegralpartoftheBiscayne aquifer. PLEISTOCENE TERRACES AND RECENT DEPOSITS 

### As discussed in the section on physiography, marine terraces were formed by fluctuations ofthe sea level during interglacial stages ofthe Pleistocene. When the ancient sea stood 42 feet above present sea level, the Talbot terrace was formed. It is present in Collier County only in the northern part, where its deposits blanket Immokalee Island (fig. 3). Deposits ofthe Talbot terrace are characterized by very fine to coarse quartz sand and some silt or clay. The sands of the Talbot Formation yield ample water to many shallow sand-point wells in the vicinity ofImmokalee. ThePamlico Sand was deposited when the sea covered all the land area of Collier County, which was lessthan 25 feet above present sea level (fig. 3). In Collier County the Pamlico Sand is composed of fine to medium quartz. The base ofthis sand is 10 to 15 feet below msl in the Naples area where it immediately overlies the Anastasia Formation. The uppermost material is white or light gray medium grained quartz sand, which grades downward to a highly colored rust brown fine grained quartz sand. The color is apparently caused by the vertical migration oforganic materials in percolating groundwater (Klein, 1954, p. 13). In the interior areas of Collier County, the Pamlico Sand forms a thin blanket over the Tamiami Formation or the thin, hard limestone layer ofthe Anastasia Formation (fig. 6).After the close ofPamlico time the terrace surface was altered bywinds to form dunes. These dunes are greatly emphasized on Marco Island but are less noticeable along the upper west coast of the county. The Pamlico Sand forms the top unit oftheshallow aquiferin CollierCounty. Recent deposits are composed chiefly of organic materials, derived from decayed vegetation, mixed with the terrace deposits. Thin accumulations of peat and muck occur also in the Big Cypress Swamp where they are mixed locally, in depressions, with marly and sandy materials. TEST-WELL DRILLING 

### Twelve testwells were drilled in Collier County during the first year of the investigation. The wells ranged in depth from 123 to 700 feet below the land surface. The locations of the test wells were determined by the amount and distribution of geologic, hydrologic, and16 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### quality-of-water information obtained during the wellinventory phase of the investigation. The test wells were therefore drilled in areas where information was scarce or nonexistent. Samples ofthe materials penetrated by the test wells were taken at 5-foot intervals wheneverpossible. When a layer ofpermeable rock was penetrated, a water sample was pumped fromthat layer. Inthick permeable zones water samples were pumped at 10-foot intervals. When material oflow permeability was penetrated and its water yield was small, water samples were collected from that depth by use of the bailer. Several water samples from highly permeable zones were collected for complete chemical analysis; all the water samples were analyzed for chloride content. Water-level measurements were made during the drilling of each test well.An analysis ofthese water levels indicates differences in pressure headwithin a given aquifer orbetween aquifers. When apermeable zone was pumped, the yield of the well was estimated at that depth and water-level measurements were made after pumping stopped to determine the rate ofrecovery of the water level. The rate ofrecovery is a factor in determining the relative permeability of the tested zone. One testwell, 5 miles east of Miles City, penetrated the Floridan aquifer. This well was drilled to furnish data on the occurrence ofrelatively fresh water inthe aquifer in the southern part ofthe county. During the period 1957-58, several exploratory wells were drilled in thevicinity ofNaples in cooperation with the city ofNaples. These wells were drilled to determine areas that might be developed as sources of additional water for municipal supply, and to determine the extent of salt-water encroachment from the Gulf of Mexico. They are also used as water-level observation wells and are sampled at regular intervals to determinechangesinthesalt contentofthe water. Rock cuttings and water samples were collected during the drilling of six privately owned wells. The logs of 18 wells are given in table 5. GROUND WATER PRINCIPLES OF OCCURRENCE 

### Ground water composes one part ofthe earth's water-circulating systemknown as the hydrologiccycle. In this cycle water is taken from the earth's surface into the atmosphere by evaporation. It condenses and returns to the surface as precipitation. When it falls on land areas the watermoves downward under gravitational forces, seeking to fill all the pore spaces ofthe host rock or soil. The portion ofmaterial that is filled rGROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 17 

### with wateris called the zone of saturation. The pore spaces of the materialoverlying thesaturated zone arefilledwithwater andairand thismaterial is called the zone of aeration. Water in the zone of saturation is known as ground water; water in the zone of aeration is referred to as vadose water (Meinzer, 1923, p. 29-32; 38-39; 76-83). The direction of movement ofvadose water is generally downward because of gravity. Ground water occurs in permeable geologic formations called aquifers. If water in the aquifer is unconfined, the upper surface of the zone of saturation is under atmospheric pressure and is called the water table. The direction of movement of ground water is controlled by the slope ofthe water table. Confined aquifers, also called artesian aquifers, occur where ground water is confined by relatively impermeable formations and is under pressure greater than atmospheric. The direction of movement of ground water in an artesian aquiferis from points ofhigh pressure to points of low pressure. Water in a well penetrating a nonartesian aquifer will rise no higher than the water table, whereas water in awell penetrating an artesian aquifer will rise above the bottom ofthe confining formation to a height determined by the hydrostatic pressure of the aquifer. The height to which water will rise in tightly cased wells penetrating an artesian aquifer is called the piezometric or pressure surface. Ifthe piezometric surface is above land surface, the water willflowfrom the well. Unconfined or nonartesian aquifers are replenished by the downward infiltration of rainfall, or downward seepage from lakes and rivers. This replenishment, or recharge, generally occurs throughout the extent of the aquifer. Confined or artesian aquifers canreceive recharge only in areas where the confining bed is absent, breached, or somewhat permeable, and the recharge water has a greater head than the water inthe artesian aquifer. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 

### Most of Florida is underlain by thick sections of permeable limestones of Miocene and pre-Miocene Ages. These limestones form an extensive artesian aquifer from which most of the large ground-water supplies forthe central andnorthern partsofFlorida are obtained. Stringfield (1936, p. 125-132, 146) described the aquifer and mapped the piezometric surface in 1933 and 1934. The name "Floridan aquifer" was introduced by Parker, et al., (1955, p. 189) to include all parts of the thick permeable section oflimestones of Middle and Late Eocene Age and Oligocene Age, which constitute a single hydrologic unit, and the

### 18 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SUiVEY-BLLETIN TIRTY-ONE 

### Tampa Formation and permeable parts of the Hawthorn Formation which form the top of the aquifer and which are in hydrologic contact with the rest of the aquifer. The Floridan aquifer is confined by relatively impermeable limestone layers inthe Hawthorn Formation and by theoverlyingclayandsiltbeds oftheHawthorn andTamiamiFormations. The Floridan aquifer underlies all of Collier County. It slopes very gently in a southerly direction in the county, and the top ofthe aquifer is almost everywhere less than 400 feet below msl. The thickness of the Floridan aquifer in Collier Countyis not known, but several wells 2,000 feetdeep donotcompletely penetrate it.Ityields large amounts ofwater to wells by natural flow, but the water is usually so highly mineralized that itsuse is limited. The yield and pressure ofthe artesian water in the Floridan aquifer vary with depth. Well 609-115-1, 5 miles east of Miles City, receives water from two zones within the aquifer. The casing of the well is so constructed that the two zones are independent of one another. The upper part of thewell is cased to 312 feet below the land surface and has anopenholefrom312 to485 feet.The lowerpart ofthewellis cased from land surface to 587 feet below the land surface and has an open holefrom587 to 700 feet.Although each of the open-hole zones yielded about the same quantity of water, there was a significant difference in their pressures. On May 26, 1961, the water level of the shallow zone was 30 feet abovemsl, whereas that ofthe deep zone was 52 feet above msl. The magnitude of the head differential indicates that the material between thetwo open-hole intervals is ofrelatively low permeability and that the zones may be separate artesian systems. Two wells in Goodland (fig. 2) also show differences in pressure resulting from differences in depth. Well 555-139-2 is 540 feet deep and has 179 feetofopenhole.Well 555-139-5is 342 feet deep and has 22feet ofopenhole. Theirwater pressures arerespectively 33 and 26feetabove msl. 

### In theNaples area, isolated lenses or stringers oflimestone and shells within the thick confining section of the Hawthorn Formation have sufficient permeability to yield moderate quantities ofwater torelatively shallow artesian wells. However, these units are not of great importance because their yield to wells is small and the quality ofthe water is no betterthan thatfromtheFloridan aquifer. PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE 

### The piezometric surface ofthe Floridan aquifer is an imaginary surface representing the pressure head of the confined water and is theGROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 19

UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICALSURVEY 87" 86° 85* 84' 83* 31/' 7-77- 4 .-- EXPLANATION 100

• - 4 to whichwolerwould hove risen in tightly cased wells that * penetrate the majorwoler-bearing formollonsinthe Floridan

- a oquifer, July 6-17, 1961. Contour interval 20 feel

- 0 100 32'

S o 0

284 80 260

. 31 29'ý- " -.. •

-30.

25~* /

o"

84. 83o 82* 81* 0 2 Florido byU.S. GeologicalSurvey by Florida Geological Survey Figure 8. The piezometric surface of the Floridan aquifer, July 6-17, 1961. -7 8'0 SO

Besetaken from 1933 edition OfmOP Of Contours taken from mopSeriesno.] Florida by U.S. Geological Surney . by Florida Geological Survey Figure 8. The piezometric surface of the Floridan aquifer, July 

### 6-17, 1961.20 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETI THRTY-ONE 

### height to which water will rise in tightly cased wells that penetrate the aquifer. The configuration of the piezometric surface of the Floridan aquiferinpeninsularFloridaisshownbythe contourlines infigure 8. The piezometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in Collier County ranges from 22 feet above msl at Naples to 58 feet above msl in the northernpartofthecounty,northofImmokalee. Itis higherthan theland surface in all parts ofthe county except the high sand dunes on Marco Island. The piezometric surface slopes in a southwesterly direction to theGulf ofMexico (fig. 9). Ground water inthe Floridan aquifer moves downgradient fromareasofhighartesian pressure toareas oflow artesian pressure along flow lines which are perpendicular to the contour lines. Therefore, the flow of ground water in the Floridan aquifer in Collier County is generally to thesouthwest. The distortion ofthe regional pattern of the piezometric surface in the area north of Immokalee is the resultofdischarge ofseveralflowing wellsinthatarea. In figure 9, the slope ofthe piezometric surface in the coastal and adjacent areas is fairly steep, indicating discharge from the aquifer in offshore areas. The average slope in the downgradient areas is about 1 footper mile; in upgradient areas it decreases and averages about halfa foot per mile. The relatively equal spacing between contour lines suggests that all the observation wells, measured for pressure readings used in the preparation of figure 9, penetrate the Floridan aquifer. RECHARGE AND DISCHARGE The Floridan aquifer is replenished where the aquifer is at or near thelandsurface, orwhere the altitudeoftherechargewaterishigher than the piezometric surface and the confining bed is thin, breached, or relatively permeable. These areas are known as recharge areas. The principal recharge area forcentral and southern Florida is Polk County and vicinity, where the piezometric surface ofthe aquifer is highest, as shown in figure 8. In some areas ofPolk County, leaky confining beds overlie the Floridan aquifer (Stewart, 1959, p. 55), and recharge water under high head can infiltrate vertically from shallow water-bearing materials to the Floridan aquifer which contains water under a lower head. The water level in the Floridan aquifer in Polk County and vicinity is at a higher altitude than itis in thesurrounding areas. The water in the aquifer moves downgradient, perpendicular to the contour lines, to points ofdischarge, principally springs and wells. Discharge by upward leakage through the confining beds probably occurs in downgradient

_-8r52' 50' 45' 40' 35' 30 25' 20' 15' 10' 05' 8100' 55' 8050 S 1 1 II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 26°34 N 09 .7 H E N\D R Y C 0 U N T Y 30' - - - EXPLANATION i3Well 30' 3- |iwell 56

- IUpper number is well number SLower number is water level,in 5

- COUNTY MMO ALEE feet above mean sea level 0 1 2 3 4 5mile CU NTY " r 25' i . 5 5. •25 ' \

- - 0 .- *5 Contour on the piezometric surface S/ of the Floridan aquifer in feet 

### 0 above mean sea level, 1960; dashed where inferred; contour 2 

### - I intirval 5 feet 20 L \L\ EE Note: C O-tL IE R

- * E No upper number indicates well S\inventoried inprevious investigation

. "' - h ' \\H E N D R Y C O U N T Y ~ -'\\* - ---- /----------------------- -7- -- - - 1 15 \ \ CO LIER COUNTY \ 

### \ \ \ \ \ o 1 

### G0 LLIER C0 UNTY- 

# \ \ \ -I

0 2*od 0 5\ 26'00

s o Dom co PELAND

-4- Island 55' Islaod C0,70 R epe

g, 'A-t DW ,-o, 50' C/-n._

0 L L3 I E R C 0 U N T Y / 0 MONROE C 0 U N T Y C 0 2541 1 1 1 11 15045' 

# 8r52 50' 45' 40' 35' 30' 25 20' - 5' 

### 10 05' 8100' 55' 80050' Base token frommaps of the Florida State Road Department Figure 9. Piezometric surface of the Floridan aquifer in Collier County, 1960.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 21 areas where thepiezometric surface is higher than the water level of the 

### shallow materials. Water is discharged from the aquifer in Collier County by about 50flowing wells.There probablyare others which have been capped and abandoned for many years. The casings of abandoned wells deteriorate and considerable leakage takes place in the subsurface through them.

25052'

02 

## S 

# c . Municipal supply well 6 E and number SPrivate supply well and number 02 ( 0 1/2 mile 

## 51' chi Scale

25050 Ic' 800

C < m ;= 0, 

## 4-

25050' 82 81"24' 81023' Figure 10. Map of Everglades showing location of wells and cross section along line C-C'.

### 22 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THRTY-ONE The Floridan aquifer probably crops out on the ocean floor at a considerable distancefrom the coast ofCollier County.Because the artesian pressure at the coast is high, 22 to 25 feet above msl,considerable offshore discharge from the aquifer can be expected through submarine springs. As there is a large upward pressure gradient within the Floridan aquifer, shown by water-level measurements in the test well east of Miles City, water can be continuously discharged from the lower zones throughopenwellbores into shallowzones. Thismovement ofwater can be extremely important in wells containing long intervals of open hole, especially where the lower zones contain very highly mineralized water. AVAILABILITY AND USE OF GROUND WATER 

### Ground water from the Floridan aquifer is available bynatural flow to wells throughout Collier County except on the high sand dunes of Marco Island. However,its useis greatly limited because ofits relatively high mineral content. Generally, the water is too salty for most purposes butitisused asa supplementalsupplyinirrigation systems. About40percent oftheflowing artesianwells in Collier County arein the Immokalee area (fig. 2). Most of these wells were originally used for irrigation but many have been abandoned or are used only as an auxiliary supply. Several deep wells in the Naples area are used to maintain lake levels and supply irrigation water. One artesian well in downtown Naples was used formany years as a fire-protection well. The town ofEverglades obtains its water supply from four flowing artesian wells which penetrate the Floridan aquifer (fig. 10). It is the only place in southern Florida where the quality ofthe water from the Floridan aquifer approaches the standards of the U.S. Public Health Service for drinking water. Usually, wells penetrating the aquifer in the area south ofLake Okeechobee yield waterwith a chloride content near or greater than 1,000 ppm. During the period 1927-29, four wells were drilled in the town of Everglades to furnish the municipal supply. Well 551-123-1 was drilled in thenorthern part ofthe town but wasabandoned because ofthe poor quality ofthe water.Wells 551-123-2, 3, and4were drilled approximately half a mile south of well551-123-1. The threewells in this field form a triangle about 150 feet long on each side. In 1935, well 550-123-1 was drilled about half a mile south of the well field. A year later, wells 551-123-2 and 3 were deepened toincrease their yield. In 1961, water supplies forthetownwere furnished bywells 551-123-2 and 3, andwells 551-123-4 and550-123-1 were reservedforemergencies.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 23 S N Si t o

z -400-0

c-550 ore projected into cross Cosing O 0.1 mile -450- hole in wells. 

## -5 -500- L---~ --- - \ I

L_ EXPLANATION Z -550 Note: Wells 551-125-1 and 2 C \

S-50- re p is arojected into cross a sing b in csection at right angles S-600 Open hole i c e 0 0.1 mile / -650or

water shale was reached at a depth of about 380 feet. The presence Figure 11. ross section along line C-C' in figure 10, showing amount of open hole in.wells. 

### Figure 11 is a cross section in Everglades. The casing bottoms and total depths of the wells have been presented to show the differences in construction. Lack of detailed information prohibits determining the reasons for the differences in amount of open hole in wells relatively close together. In four wells, a formation described by the drillerss a water rock or water shale was reached at a depth of about 380feet. The presence ofthisstratum isprobablythe reasonthatthe casings inmostofthe wells end above this depth.Wells 551-123-2 and 3 were drilled until caving halted the operation. No explanation is given for the depths of the other wells. After setting the casing, the driller probably continued to make open hole untilthe desired yield was obtained. This supposition is somewhat supported by the fact that all the wells mentioned above, except 550-123-1, have been deepened, indicating that the initial flow had decreased orhadbecome inadequatetosupplythe demand. Wells 554-122-1 and 556-128-1 are respectively 4 miles north and 7 miles northwest of Everglades (fig. 2). Both areflowing artesian wells andyield waterofthe same salinity. Thetotal depth ofwell 556-128-1 is unknown, but it is probably no greater than that of the wells in the24 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### Everglades well field.Well 556-128-1 reached the dark green dense clay ofthe Hawthorn Formation at a depth of 292 feet, and a light gray limestone in the Floridan aquifer at 376 feet. The well was drilled to a total depth of392 feet.The materials penetrated inwell 556-128-1 correlatevery closely to those in well 551-123-6. Well 551-123-6 reached the green day at a depth of 275 feet and the limestone at 371 feet. The salinity of the water from well 551-123-6 for the interval 371-414 feet wasconsiderablyhigher thanthatfromwell556-128-1. SHALLOW AQUIFER 

### The shallow aquifer is the principal source of fresh water in Collier County. It is composed of the Pleistocene terrace sands, the Anastasia Formation, and the upperpermeable limestones ofthe Tamiami Formation. The lowerparts of the Tamiami Formation, together with the impermeable sections of the Hawthorn Formation constitute the confining layerfor the Floridan aquifer. The shallow aquifer has a maximum thickness of about 130 feet in western Collier County, where the Pamlico Sand, the Anastasia Formation, and limestones ofthe Tamiami Formation are all present and are fairly well interconnected. It thins eastward to a thickness of about 60, feet near Sunniland, and wedges out near the Dade County boundary, where the shallow materials are composed of marls and fine sand. In southern Collier County, the shallow aquifer is composed entirely of solution-riddled, highlypermeable limestone ofthe Tamiami Formation which extends to a depth ofat least 90 feetbelow the land surface. Test drilling and data on the depth and yield of existing wells in the Immokalee area indicate a marked change in the lithology of the shallow aquifer in that area. The subsurface materials in the vicinity of Immokalee arechiefly clastic sediments rangingfrom marlstoverycoarse sands.Nolimestonesofappreciable thickness orpermeability werepenetrated within theupper 100 feet ofthe section. Severalbeds or lenses of coarse quartz sand occur in this upper section which would probably yield large quantities ofwater to screened wells; however, most of the wells ofhigh yieldpenetrate limestones and shell beds at depths o•200, feet or more. These deeper limestones may be interconnected with.the shallow aquifer. The thicksection ofclastics maybepart ofa frontal edge ofa large delta, which, according to Bishop (1956, p. 26), extended southward throughHighlandsCounty (onthe north) duringtheMiocene Epoch.To theeast andwestoftheImmokaleearea the clastic sediments gradeinto '~~ 

## ~~~ ~ ~ '

. c .* . .."""^ i '. .-. .-. .i l..- . .-.. . . . .. r. . . .. . . ... ..

F F'9 617-146-1 

### 48 48 s s S616-145-1 616-141-1 616-141-2



### * 614-146-1



## S612-146-1

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- 610-146-1



# - 610-147-11 610-147 23 610-1 7-2 609-148-13 609-143-1 609-141-1



### SNAPLE " 

### EXPLANATION NAPLE / V i 

### SWATER I , ' LINE OF CROSS SECTION PANTI 607-145

### -1 D-- - D 

### WELL FIELDS T 

### UNUSED IN USE PROPOSED I TEST AND OBSERVATION WELL

0 I 2miles

... . .(9 t,2 6 . Base taken from U,S. Geological Survey topographic quadrangles Figure 12. Northwestern Collier County showing locations of the Naples municipal well fields and geologic cross sections along lines D-D', E-E', and F-F',GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 25

S+o o +2 o t. o o -- dye mbl u

i0, 5 EXPLANA TIeN w ~n -40

-- 3 1o/ -- -92- --.- :: -4c Ii

- LIMISTDNE -

N -Co ,"( *: 01 C TOLESIZ

iC in N

in figure 12. 

### permeable marine limestones which yield large quantities of water to open-hole wells. The shallow aquifer supplies large amounts of water for irrigation throughout the county. The Pleistocene sands yield small amounts of fresh water to very shallow wells on Marco Island. During 1957-59, several exploratory wells were drilled east and northeast of Naples in connection with the expansion of water facilities for Naples (fig. 12). Figures 13, 14 and 15 show thelithology ofthe shallow aquifer along the three cross-sectional lines indicated in figure 12. The cross sections show that east of Naples the aquifer is compared almost entirely of limestone. Northeast of Naples the aquifer becomes thinner and.the limestone is interbedded with sand and marl. The Pamlico Sand (uppermost part of the aquifer), which is about 15 to 20 feet thick in Naples, thins rapidly eastward. RECHARGE AND DISCHARGE 

### The shallow aquifer is recharged principally by local rainfall that percolates downward to the zone of saturation. During periods of high

### 26 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE E E ~N i0.. *20 +20

mean ____ se- level 0 -to -2C 1 68 -20



## - 3 0 

# II -3 0 i-40 22 /

-40 SEXPLANATION 202 -5C -50 b.IMESTOME -43 242-2 S~~ / -96

-ac RL / water levels it is possible that canals and streams would afford some -9 ELLS 655 /9/ 0 -

r nt at or nr the ld sra, r rge by rinl is rrid an -, / C / 110

-:60 L'_ 385 4" row , | -160 Figure 14. eologic cross section and chloride content of water along line E-E' in figure 12. 

### water levels it is possible that canals and streams would afford some recharge to the aquifer for a short time. Where impermeable layers are present ator near the land surface, recharge by rainfall is restricted and much potential recharge is lost by sheet flow to the streams, sloughs, canals, and Gulf of Mexico. In the Naples area, a confining bed of silt and marl occurs within the shallow aquifer and impedes the downward infiltration of ground water.Materials abovethe confiningbed readily soakupand store alarge amount ofrainfall. Inmuchofthe areanortheastofNaples,a layerofvery hard,dense limestoneoflow permeability occurs ator immediately below the land surface. The low permeability greatly decreases the amount of downward infiltration to the aquifer, and as a result much of the water inthis areadrains offasoverland flow and does notrecharge theaquifer. f.1.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 

### 27

- o i 2--- -oot -+t L - A +0 Mean sea

- level -0 -70 -10

I I 

### // -1^

-120 -230 0 j 51--- -0

-140 [ a = -40

-o0 -150

-t60 I O S3 I 1 -160 Figure 15. Geologic cross section and chloride content of water along line F-F' in figure 12. 

### Figures 16 and 17 show the effect ofrainfall on waterlevels in observation wellspenetratingthe shallow aquiferinthe county. Well 610-147-14 (fig. 16) is in the Naples well field and is affected bypumping. However, the altitude of the plotted daily highs correlates closely withrainfall recorded atNaples. The graph ofpumpage from the well field shows that pumping magnifies the fluctuations, especially duringdryperiods whenpumpingisincreased. Waterlevels inwells 617-184-3 and 625-116-1 are compared torainfall recorded at Lake Trafford (fig. 17). Well 617-134-3 is about 10 miles southwest and well 625-116-1 is about 13 miles east of Lake Trafford. Time lapses of several days can be noted between rains recorded and rises in water levels. Some rains show little if any effect, indicating that probably norainfell inthe vicinity ofthewell.Thesame situationappears to be true forwell 606-120-1 and Miles City (fig. 17). The hydrographs showthat some areas remain flooded for a considerable time during the rainy season. 

## rainyseason.

### W ,-- - - - -... 

# .-.- GA.. N -.- 3- ---. - • A ' ! • _L '," I I 11. 

### ,o.4 -_ -L 

### . ..... _ 

# K\ 

# i... Til

. ,,_ ,.,_ _ 

# . , - _. .,, 

# i4. .. ".!,. ! _ ,1 ,. . ., . , i . B.

Figure 16. Hydrographof well 610-147-14 showing daily high, monthly purnpage from Naples well field, and daily rainfall at Naples, June 1958-December 1960. 

# z-93

fromNaples well field,anddailyrainfallatNaples,June 1958-December 1960.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 29

- ! 1Wellw 606-120-I _ 

## I -7

MILESCITY 

## -2- 

## I I ,

SWell 61-1 34-3



## 1 i --" -t

-2 -- -- I-- -- I ----- ----- --- V 1---------- 51- 

## I -

I LAKE TRAFFORDc

## S2- JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY UG SEPT OCT NOV DEC 1960 Figure 17. Hydrographs of wells 606-120-1, 625-116-1, and 617-134-3, and daily rainfall at Miles City andLake Trafford, 1960. Ground-water losses from the shallow aquifer occur by natural discharge into streams, drainage canals, and the Gulf of Mexico; by evapotranspiration; and by pumping from wells. Losses by natural discharge are greatest during periods of high rainfall, when ground-water levels are highest. Also, when ground-water levels are high many parts of the county are flooded, and as a result the rate of evaporation increases.

### 80 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE Transpiration by plants also account for large losses. Ground water discharged by natural processes far exceeds the amount discharged by pumping. Ground-water use is greatest along the western coastal area and in the northern part of Collier County.In the coastal area the rapid spread of urbanization has increased the demand for municipal supplies (fig. 16). Several housing subdivisions are supplied byprivately ownedwater systems. Also, hundreds of small-diameter wells in the area are used forlawnirrigationand individual household supplieswhere no municipal supplies are available. In northern Collier County scores of large-diameter wells are used to irrigate truck crops. East of Immokalee wells yield as much as 1,000 gpm (gallons perminute), or more. WATER-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS 

### Fluctuations ofthe water tablein the shallow aquifer reflect changes in the amount of ground water in storage in the aquifer. Fluctuations are caused by recharge by rainfall, and discharge by outflow from the aquifer, evapotranspiration, andpumping ofwells. Water levels in wells near thecoastare affectedby gulftides. Minor fluctuations in some areas result from variations in atmospheric pressure. Rainfall, evapotranspiration, and pumping are the most important factors in the fluctuation of water levels in the shallow aquifer in Collier County. The hydrographs in figures 16 and 17 show the fluctuations of water levels in different areas of CollierCounty. Water levels in several wells in northwestern Collier County were measured to determine the altitude and configuration ofthe water table during periods ofhigh and low rainfall. These wells tap the uppermost section of the aquifer. Figure 18 shows the approximate altitude and configuration ofthe water table in the Naples area on August 15, 1960, after aperiod ofheavy rainfall. The configuration ofthe contours shows that the aquifer is recharged by local rainfall. The steep water-table gradient onthewest sidetowardthe gulfsuggests that the sandy surface material is only moderately permeable and can therefore retain large amounts of ground water in storage. In general, the water table conformsto thetopographyofthe area and the contours indicatethat underflow iswestward to the Gulf of Mexico, southward to Naples Bay and the Naples well field, and eastward to the Gordon River drainageway. Figure 19 shows the configuration and altitude ofthe water table on March 29, 1960, aftera period ofdeficient rainfall (Sherwood and Klein, 1960). Thepattern is similarto that of August 15, 1960, butthe altitude ' '

*** ,.\ ^ * t,_i °\. lI ,1

3G77 \G 

# I (b \0 g 4/ 

# O 

# 'S

6.07 

# 13.77

wer to Iu.oi



# 90 16.12

wter-tble altitude, in

Sfeet,on Augus 15,229603 9. 

### 50 

## /2--- 5 

# 2.37 C 4



## NAPLE 

# EXPLANATION 06.60 C ontour showing thea water-fable altitudei 

# - feet,-on August 15, z1960 Contour showing the water-table altitude in feet; dashed where inferred; contour interval 2 feet; datum is mean 

### sea level.

o I 2miles R25- F - R26E Base taken from U.S.Geological Survey topographic quadrangles Figure 18. Water-level contour map of northwestern Collier County, August 15, 1960.

### .f" - - C i ' ............

4N

T 48 

## i' ii

I 0 /



### 5

lT T TE 

# "low

contour interval 2 feet; datum is mean sea level.

1960. 

# onturvaionterval and of watse nsalevel. R2: 26 

## loetke rmU.S eooia



# Suve toorpi quadrangle Fiue1.Wtrlvlcntu npo otwsen ole ony ac 9 

### 1960GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 31 

### of the water surface is somewhat lower. Both contour maps show the effect ofpumping inthemunicipalwellfield, whichisindicated byashallow water-tabledepression inthenortheastern partofthe city. Water-level measurements made during the drilling oftestwells and supply wells along the coastal area showed differences in head between the upper and lower parts ofthe aquifer. Along the central part ofthe ridge, the water levels in shallow wells (25-30 feet deep) ranged from 1 to 3feet higherthan the water levels in wells penetrating the deeper part of the aquifer (60-100 feet deep). Such head differential causes downward leakage of ground water. It is typical of the recharge areas, and the magnitude ofthe differential is related to the degree ofconfinementofthe zone between the two parts ofthe aquifer. In theperipheral areas where discharge from the aquifer takes place, the head relationship is reversed; the water levels in deep wells range 1to 2 feet higher thanthosein theshallowwells and upwardleakage occurs. Inthemunicipal well-field area, where wells 60to 100 feetdeep are heavily pumped, water levels in the upper part of the aquifer are substantially higher than those in the lower part and much of the ground water pumped is supplied by downward leakage in the area of the cone of depression. The graphs in figure 16 show the relationship between pumpage, rainfall, and water-level fluctuations in well 610-147-14, in the Naples well field, for the period June 1958

- December 1960. Although the well penetrates the lower part ofthe aquifer, the response ofthe water level in the wellto rainfall israpid. Pumping is the majorfactor causing large declines in the vicinity ofthewell field; other fluctuations suchas those causedbytides andvariations inbarometricpressure are minor. AVAILABILITY ANDUSE OF GROUND WATER 

### The shallow aquifer is the prinicpal source of fresh ground water in the county except for the area in the vicinity of Everglades. The limestone ofthe Tamiami Formation is the chiefwater-bearing zone of theaquifer inmostofthecounty.OnMarco Island,thePamlico Sand provides theonlyobtainablepotable ground-water supply. The shallowaquifer yields ground water atvarious depths depending on the location. In the west to west-central part of the county, it produces from a zone thatranges in depth from about 35 to 100 feetbelow the land surface; in the centralpart, from 20 to 90feet; in the northern part, from shell beds and coarse sand lenses at various depths in the Pleistocene terrace and other sediments; in the southern part, from land surface to about 30 feet; and in the southeastern part, from about 20 to 25 feet.32 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE

--



# 500

0- -- - - - * * -

5d~

00 -- ----- ----- _ ----- _ ----- _ ----- _ -------- _ 0 ^j300--

-4 520

7C

I6 14 19,56 958 9 196S6 -S 

### 90-

.80 

# 56 0 

# - - y--A50- 4- 

### :;ý 30- - 7--- -- ----- ------- 20-

I46 48 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 962 Figure 20. Graph showing annual pumpage from the Naples well fields, 1945-62. 

### Large quantities of ground water are obtained from the shallow aquiferin thefarm belt which stretchesfrom Immokalee southwestward totheTamiamiTrail(U.S. Highway 41) northofNaples. IrrigationwellsGROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 33 

### near the western edge of the farm belt are generally about 60 to 70 feet deep, but farther inland their maximum depth is about 100 feet. The small community ofCopeland obtains its water supply from the limestone of the Tamiami Formation. Well 556-121-2, which supplies Copeland, was drilled to a depth of 30 feet in 1945. At that time the cypress lumber industry was near its peak and the population of Copeland was considerably greater than the 1960 population of 100 to 150. During 1945 thewellwaspumped atan average rate of75,000 gpd, or an annual amount of 27.4million gallons. The well was still in operation in 1961. Before 1945,the municipal supply for Naples was obtained from one 6-inch and two 4-inch wells located in the southern part of the city, between Naples Bay and the Gulf ofMexico (fig. 12). These wells were closely spaced and were pumped heavily for shortperiods, which caused saltwater to move inland and upward and thus contaminate the aquifer. During 1945-46, a new well field was established northof the original well field. This field comprises 22 small-diameter wells (3- and 4-inch) spaced 400 feet apart. To dimish the effect of large drawdowns of the water levels,each wellwaspumped at arate notto exceed 30 gpm.This controlofwithdrawals distributed theeffect ofpumping over a large area and reduced the hazard of salt-water encroachment. The annual pumpage from this well field increased from about 33 million gallons in 1947 to 122million gallons in 1954. The city officials proposed the establishment of a new permanent well field because of the constantly increasing demand for water (fig. 20), the high cost ofpumping 22 wells, and the constant threat of saltwater encroachment from the Gulf of Mexico and the Gordon River into thefield. Their objective was to establish awell field in the cypress swamp area east and north ofthe city; but no data were available as to the continuity ofthe aquifer and the quality ofthe ground water in that area. The city officials believed that a productive field in this area could furnish sufficient water for all the coastal ridge area of Collier County.A new well field was developed in 1954 in the northeastern part ofthe city (fig. 12), and further expansion offacilities would be inland. Water-treatment plantNo.2was builtatthisfield. In 1958, three wells were drilled northeast of water plant No. 2 to supplement the supply from the well field. The layout of the present well field with the extension wells is shown in figure 21. Total pumpage from the well field and extension was 414 million gallons in 1960, more than 25percent above thetotal for 1959.410/ EXPLANATION OBSERVATION WELL 

# 9 SUPPLY WELL RECORDING GAGE 5S " 1 IN 411 1 e 610-147-4 -7- 1 4 6 610-04714 14 S0610-147-4717 1 \0610-147-15 610-147-6 0610-147-7 610-147-9 610-147-18 610-147-8 0

610-147 2 61047- 610-47-2 0 -47-5 610-147-1 701 04. o 610-147-12

610-147-3 147-4 60 148-1 C0

Figure 21. Naples well field area showing municipal supply wells and observation wells.

### GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 35 QUANTITATIVE STUDIES HYDRAULICS OF AQUIFERS 

### When awell tapping a shallow aquifer begins to discharge, water is removed form the aquifer surrounding the well and the water level is lowered. The amount that the level is lowered at the well is called the drawdown. The decline of the water table near the discharging well is rapid and largebut decreases rapidly outward fromthe well.An inverted cone, centered at the discharging well, defines the dewatered part of the aquifer and is referred to as the cone ofdepression or cone ofinfluence. As the discharge continues at a constant rate, the cone spreads outward, therebydivertingmorewatertothewell. If recharge is available and a sufficient amount can be diverted toward the well tobalance the withdrawal, the cone spreads no farther, and the shape ofthe cone will remain constant. Deepening of the cone willresultifthe dischargerate isincreasedor ifanothernearby wellinthe aquiferbeginsdischarging.When pumpingfromthewellceases,thewater level immediately starts to recover, rapidly atfirst, then at a slowly decreasing rate, to the static water level ofthe area. The rate ofdrawdown andrecovery inthe vicinity of a well depends in part upon the transmissibility of the aquifer. In an aquifer of high transmissibility the drawdown is relatively small and the cone of depression is wide and shallow; in an aquifer of low transmissibility the drawdownisrelatively great andthecone isnarrowand deep. Unlike the effect of withdrawal from a water-table well, where the result is a dewatering ofthe aquiferwithin the cone of depression, withdrawalfroman artesian wellresults in alowering ofpressure atthe well, and the effect, theoretically, is transmitted with the speed of sound throughout the aquifer. In an artesian aquifer, water is released from storage as aresult ofthe compaction or squeezing of sediments when the artesian pressure is lowered, and as a result of the slight expansion of water itself.Thebasic principle ofthe cone ofinfluence remains in effect for both types of aquifers, but the cone develops more rapidly in an artesian aquifer because the amount of water released from storage per unitareais much smaller than that resulting from dewatering anunconfined aquifer. Fromdata obtainedby observing water levels in apumped well and observation wells in the cone ofinfluence, the coefficients of transmissibility and storage can be determined. The coefficient of transmissibility is the capacity of an aquifer to transmit water. It is expressed as the quantity of water, in gallons per36 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### day,thatwill move through a vertical section ofthe aquifer 1foot wide under ahydraulic gradientof 1 footper foot (Theis, 1938, p. 892). The coefficient of storage is a measure of the capacity of an aquifer to store water and is defined as the volume ofwater released from or taken into storage perunit surface area ofthe aquifer per unit change in the componentofhead normalto that surface. Inaquifers where leakage occurs through semiconfining beds, a leakage coefficient can be determined. The leakage coefficient (Hantush, 1956, p. 702) characterizes the ability of semiconfining beds above or below an aquifer to transmit water to the aquifer. It may be defined as the quantity ofwater that crosses a unit area at the interface between the main aquifer and its confining bed, if the difference between the head in the main aquifer and in the beds supplying the leakage is unit. AQUIFER TESTS 

### Seven aquifer tests were made in or near Collier County prior to this investigation. Six of the tests were made in Naples in connection with well-field development, and one was made at the county boundary east of Immokalee. The first three tests were made in 1951-52 to determine the safe rate ofpumping from the well field in the southern part ofthe city. From analyses ofthe water-level data obtained from these tests, a coefficient oftransmissibility of 92,000 gpd per foot and a coefficient of storage of0.001were determined (Klein, 1954,p.47). Further studies inthearea and a comparison offuture water demands andthe availability ofwater indicated thatthe municipal supplies would have to be extended northward where water levels were higher and where the threat of salt-water contamination was less. In 1954, water plant No. 2 (fig. 21) was built and the new well field was established (fig. 12). Aquifer tests made by Sherwood and Klein (1961) in the new field indicated that the transmissibility -ofthe aquifer increased northward, and in the proposed area of expansion (fig. 12) a coefficient of transmissibilityof 185,000gpd perfoot was computed. Thetests indicated that, although the upper part of the aquifer contained semiconfining layers, downward leakage was considerable when the well field was pumped. This leakage reduced drawdowns in the lower, pumped zone of the aquifer. The Gordon River, east of the well field was determined to be a source ofreplenishment at times when the field was pumped heavily. Figure 22 shows the drawdowns in observation wells at the end of a 30-hour pumping test in the proposed area of development. TheGC.CUND-WVATs.: iEOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 

### 87 DISTANCE, IN FEET FROM PUMPING WELL o 0 0 0

wu0.5 U. 610147-80 0610-147-9 - ' : 610-147-170 S 0I.0 610-147-7 610-14718

2.0 

### 610-147-1 

## /, / ?, - 0

610-147-13 610-147-15

610-147-7 EXPLANATION *189 WELL BEING PUMPED 01ol63 OBSERVATION WELL APPROXIMATE AREA FLOODED DURING TEST 610147 0610-147-18 610-147-8 0 100 200 300 400 500 SCALE IN FEET

- GORDON RIVER 1700 FEET EAS--- -- Figure 22. Graph showing drawdown in observation wells atthe end ofthe 30-hour aquifertest, January 9-10, 1959, andsketch showing wells used inthe test. drawdowns in wells between the pumped well and the Gordon River were substantially less than inwells west of the pumped well. The coeffi

### cient ofleakage computed for thistestranged from 0.001 to0.008 gpdper square foot per foot of head difference. In general, the coefficient increased eastward. Intheideal leaky-aquifer system (fig. 28) ofJacob (1946, p. 199) the water table in the nonartesian aquifer is maintained at a constant level

### 38 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE

WELL WATER TABLE PIEZOMETRIC UIRFACE SNONARTESIAN AQUIFER SEMIPERVIOUS S//CONFINING BED

<-- ARTESIAN AQUIFER

IMPERVIOUS BED Figure 23. Idealized sketch showing flow in a leaky artesian aquifer system. 

### byrecharge. Pumpingfrom the artesian aquifer causes a cone of depression to form which expands until the amount of downward leakage equals the amount ofwater withdrawn. IntheNaples area. however, the watertable intheshallow sands oftheupper zoneis notmaintained constantdue to insufficient recharge; therefore, the rate of downward leakage to the pumped zone will decline and the cone of depression will continue to spread. Figure 24 shows drawdown graphs ofwells 610-147-9 and 610-147-15 during the aquifer test of January 1959 (fig. 22). The A curves represent the theoretical drawdown for artesian conditions with no recharge and were computed from the coefficients of transmissibility and storage determined fromthe aquifer tests.The B curvesrepresent the theoretical drawdowns for nonartesian conditions with no recharge and after extended time. The B curves were computed with a coefficient of storage of0.15 (characteristic ofnonartesian aquifers) and a coefficient oftrans-. missibility 10percenthigher thanthat determined from the test (to take into account the transmissibility of the upper zone). The water levels near the end of the test were constant, indicating leaky-aquifer conditions and downward leakage was keeping pace with discharge. The C curves are projections ofthe observed data and indicate the water level would remain constantifsufficient recharge was available. The D curvesGROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 39 TIME IN MINUTES,SINCE PUMPING BEGAN 11000 10000 100000 00 PO

610-147-15

1 * CU R C\

- .5 - 

### 1 

## 9

IIT



## 1 1 I I I Month iear 

# i

UV 0.5- - -- - U!, E'> EXPLANATION

CURVEA C Theoretical drowdown ortesion conditions S (no recharge) 

# N CURVE B " X,i !ill I Theoretical drowdownwoter-foble conditions I i (no

recharge) URV A CURVE C G . Drawdown.leoky-aquiter conditions i Observed drowdowni .5Theoretical drowdown(unlimited recharge)

- 

### CURVE D i II Theoretical drowdown.leoky-aquifer conditions (no rechorge_ I Figure 24. Graph showing drawdowns in wells 610-147-9 and 610-147-15 during aquifer test January 9-10, 1959, and theoretical drawdown for artesian, watertable, and leaky-aquifer conditions. 

### represent the theoretical drawdown in a leaky aquifer with no recharge and were computed from the coefficients of transmissibility and storage determined fromthe test. Thedrawdown caused bylongtime pumping is reflected at the water table, and is controlled by the coefficients ofstorage and transmissibility ofthe upper and lower zones, and the availability ofreplenishment. Cities along the lower east coast of Florida have developed large water supplies by locating well fields near canals. These canals tap large waterreserves in inland areas and are controlled near their outlets

### 40 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### by salinity barriers (check dams). Water levels in the well fields are maintained by infiltrationfrom the canals into the aquifer. Because of relatively high inland swamps draining toward the Gulf of Mexico and the hydraulic characteristics ofthe shallow aquifer, large water supplies can be obtained in northwestern Collier County by methods similar to thoseusedin southeastern Florida. 

### InJune1958,apumping teston wellsinthe shallow aquiferwasmade attheCollier Countyboundary, east ofImmokalee (Klein, Litchtler, and Schroeder, written communication). Wells 625-116-1 and -2 were used as observation wells, and a large-diameter irrigation well just east of the county boundary was pumped at 1,300 gpm. Analyses of the data from the wells in Collier County indicated that the average coefficient of transmissibility was 910,000 gpd per foot, the average coefficient of storage was 0.00033 and the average coefficient ofleakage was 0.000014 gpd per square footper footofvertical head. The low permeability of the 15-foot layer of sandy clay that caps the aquiferin this area (fig. 7) is indicated by the small coefficient of leakage. The relatively low coefficient of storage indicates that artesian conditions prevail inthe aquifer. The hightransmissibility ofthe aquifer DISTANCE, IN FEET, FROM PUMPED WELL 100 1,000 10,000

629-126-1 1.0 ,

1.5 - 629-127-3 * 629-127-1 z ,629-127-2 (Pumpedwell) 0 400 800 feet S2.Scale z2 0

- N

S(Pumped well) 0 40 629-127-3

2.5 629-127-1

3.0 629-126-1 3.5 I

- I I I-l- I II I I I I I 'I I I Figure 25. Sketch showing wells used in pumping test, April 8-10, 1960, and graph showing drawdown at the end ofthe 44-hour test.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 41 

### and the large areal extent of the main limestone ofthe aquifer indicate thatvery large quantities ofwaterprobably are available east and southeast ofImmokalee. During April 8-10, 1960, apumpingtest wasmade 5 miles northwest ofImmokalee. Figure 25 is a sketch showing the locations ofthe observation wells and the pumped well used during the test and a graph of thedrawdowns recorded attheendofthe test. Well 629-127-2 was pumped for 44hours at 152 gpm. The water was discharged into an adjacent drainage ditch which conveyed it from the immediate area. Recording gages were installed onthe three observation wells to obtain a complete record of the water-level fluctuations-in the wells. The gages were in operation a week before the test to obtain background data on the natural fluctuations of the water level. These background records were used to adjust therecorded drawdowns obtained during the pumping period. Figure 26 is a hydrograph of the uncorrected drawdown and recovery data from well 629-127-3. Pumping of an irrigation well 1.9 miles west ofthe test site started about 4hours after the pumping testbegan; however, the effect ofthis pumping is not apparent on the drawdown curve of figure 26. The slight undulations on the hydrograph probably are caused byvariations in atmospheric pressure and evapotranspiration. The drawdown data were adjusted to correct for the fluctuations caused by factors other than pumping. Coefficients of transmissibility and storage computed from this test were 58,000 gpd per foot and 0.00024, respectively, at well 629-127-1 and 62,000 gpd per foot and 0.00026, respectively, at well 629-127-3. These values are considerably lower than those computed for the Naples area. The leakage coefficient at the Immokalee site was computed at0.00073 gpd per square foot per foot of vertical head at well 629-127-1 and 0.00099 gpd per square foot per foot of vertical head at well 629-127-3. These values also are much lower than those computed for Naples and indicate more effective confining layers above the main producing zone of the aquifer in the area northwest of Immokalee. Therefore, in this area the main producing zone receives less recharge by downward leakage than the main producing zone in the Naples area. The low coefficients of storage in the area indicate that the main producing zone is under artesian conditions. QUALITY OF WATER 

### Aquifers in Collier County contain very large supplies of ground water,butinmanyplacesthewaterisunsuitable for drinking astheresult ofthe highconcentrations ofundesirable minerals.APRIL 1960 S APR APRIL 9 APRIL I10 APRIL II APRIL 12 yTtest pumpon 9.0 1-14 PM

T 9. 9,A- Approtiemat timS9.6 . Approimote time form pump,1.9miles to west* ,pp i tim § 9.6 - toaed fm pump stoppd

, 10.0 5 10.2- S10.4 - I Tet pumpoff S90.'49:33 AM 12'ISPM3 6 9 12M 3 6 9 12N 3 6 9 12M 3 6 9 12N 3 6 9 12M 3 6 9 12N 3 6 9 12M 3 6 9 1115AM Figure 26. Drawdown and recovery of water level in well 629-127-3 showing effects of pumpingtest,April 8-10, 1960.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 

### 43 The amount and character of the chemical constituents in ground water are controlled for the most part bythe composition of the rocks through which the water passes; the temperature and pressure of the water and the duration of contact with the rocks; and the amount of materialin solution orsuspension. However, salt-water encroachment can cause normally fresh ground water to become highly mineralized under certain conditions. Most drinking-water supplies in the United States conform to standards established by the U.S. Public Health Service. Below are some of the more common constituents and the maximum limits recommended by the U.S.Public Health Service (1961). Chloride 250 ppm Dissolved solids, desirable 500 ppm Dissolved solids, permitted 1,000 ppm Iron, manganese, together 0.3 ppm 

### Iron in quantities greater than that listed above is objectionable because it imparts a disagreeable taste and it quickly discolors objects with which it comes into contact. Its presence in ground water isunpredictable as tobothdepth and location. Fortunately, iron can be removed easilybyaeration andfiltration. The amount of dissolved solids indicates the degree of mineralization of ground water. The words "salt water" as used in this report identify ground water containing large amounts ofchloride. About 91 percent ofthe dissolvedsolids content ofsea waterconsists of chloridesalts. Thus, determinations ofthechloride contentof groundwater are generally areliable indication of the extent to which normally fresh ground water has become contaminated with sea water. Normal sea water has a chloride content of about 19,000 ppm. Some individuals can taste the salt in water having a chloride content of 500 ppm. If a saltytaste is notnoticed at this concentration, the water may have a "flat"taste. Mostpersons can detect saltinground water having a chloride content of750ppmor more. Hardness is a measure of the calcium and magnesium content of ground water and is customarily expressed as the equivalent ofcalcium carbonate. Water having ahardness ofless than 60 ppm is rated as soft; of60 to 120 ppm, as moderately hard; and of 120 to 200ppm, as hard. Waterhaving ahardness ofmore than200ppm ordinarilyrequires softening formost uses.

### 44 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### ThepH indicates the acidity or alkalinity ofthe ground water. The pHscaleranges from0to 14, with7indicating neutral water. Values less than7denote increasingacidity, and those greater than 7denote increasing alkalinity. FLORIDAN AQUIFER 

### Except inthe town of Everglades and vicinity, the Floridan aquifer in Collier County yields water undesirable for drinking. The chloride content of the water generally is more than 1,000 ppm. Table 2 gives the results ofthe chemical analysis of water samples from certain wells in theFloridan aquifer. The highmineralization inthewaterfrom the Floridan aquifer is due to either, or to a combination, of the following factors: (1) Sea water that was trapped in the sediments at the time they were deposited on thefloorofanancient sea (connate orresidual seawater); (2) seawater that entered the aquifer during interglacial stages of the Pleistocene Epoch, when most of Florida was covered by shallow seas; and (3) a recent salt-water encroachment of the Floridan aquifer. The aquifer has undergoneflushing action,but considerable contaminantsremain. Inthe vicinity ofthe town ofEverglades, the Floridan aquifer yields relatively fresh water. In 1960, the chloride content of the water from individual wells inthe municipal well field ranged from 190 to 360 ppm, andthewaterfromwell 550-123-1, southofthe field, contained 240 ppm. Following is a tabulation ofthe changes ofchloride content ofthe water fromthreewells inEverglades (fig. 10, 11): Date Chloride content, in ppm Well Well Well 550-123-1 551-123-2 551-123-3 Feb. 1949 __ 278 185 Aug. 1949 98 Apr. 1950 282 186 Jan. 1951 __ 287 186 Sept. 1951 _ 285 192 Mar. 1952 99 295 195 Oct. 1952 95 190 Aug. 1954 106 255

_ Oct. 1959 240 350

_ May 1960 __ 360 190 

### Therelatively low chloride content ofwaterfrom wells 550-123-1 and 551-123-3 indicates some of the water moving southward from theTABLE. 2. Chemical Analyses of Water from Selected Wells that Penetrate the Floridan Aquifer in Collier County 0 (All results are in parts per million except thse for color, pH, and specific conductance) Specific o Date Cal- Mag- Pctas- Bicar- Chlo- Flu- Dis- Hard- conductWell sam;le Depth Silica Iron cium nesium Sodium slum bonate Sulfate ride cride solved nessas Color pH ance number collected (feet) (Si02) (Fe) (Ca) (Mg) (Na) (K) (HCO0) (SO4) (Cl) (F) solids CaCO3 (microhmos at250C) 50-12-1........ 10- 5-35 503 0.5 0.06 20 26 22 ........ 366 197 106 ........ 800 155 ........ ............ 551-123-6........ 3-11-57 536 15 .01 63 76 567 20 276 212 000 0.7 2,070 470 0 7.7 3,480 554-118-3........ 12- 3-56 446 17 .02 00 117 060 25 230 455 1,400 1.0 3,400 728 15 8.0 5,360 554-143-1........ 4-28-50 402 12 .64 288 167 1,000 200 106 488 2,800 .5 6,010 504 0 7.0 8,010 550-128-1........ 4- 8-50 302 10 1.6 54 44 245 1.5 316 00 310 1.1 047 316 0 8.0 1,660 600-115-1........ 0-23-50 485 33 .22 68 93 725 37 414 372 085 1.2 2,570 552 2 7.4 4,320 630-126-i........ 12-15-41 566 ........ .01 108 99 433 ........ 180 302 820 ........ ........ 677 5 ........ ............ a

### 46 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE recharge area (in central Florida) remains relatively uncontaminated 

### throughout itscourse tothe south end ofthe peninsula. This fresh-water zone may constitute only avery thin section ofpermeable limestone in theuppermost part ofthe aquifer. The increase in chloride content in recent years may be due to the following: (1) Upward leakage of inferior water, under high pressure, through open well bores to zones offresh water under lower pressure, during a long period ofcontinued wateruse; (2) upward movement of inferior water resulting from large drawdowns caused by heavy industrialuseofwaterfromdeep wells inanarea about 2,000feetnorth ofthe well field.

SHALLOW AQUIFER 

### Ground-water samples were collected at different depths during the drilling oftestwells andfrom certain wells. Thechemical analyses ofthe groundwaterin theshallow aquiferin Collier County are shown in table 3. Ground-water samples for the analysis ofchloride content were taken from every well inventoried during the investigation. Water from the aquifer is generally potable and could be used without treatment; however,itishardandsofteners areusedinmanysystems. In areas southeast of Naples and near Copeland, residents use commercially bottled water for their drinking supply.' This does not mean thatindividualwatersupplies cannotbe treatedto supplypotableground water, but rather the expense of treatment may exceed the cost of bottled water. Ground-water supplies are still used for purposes other than drinking. Domestic ground-water supplies in the Immokalee area are obtained generallyfrompermeablebeds inthe Hawthorn Formation.This isprobably due to the fact that the water from the Hawthorn beds has less undesirable constituents suchas iron andhardness. However, many wells penetrating shallow sand or shelly material in the aquifer yield ground waterofgoodqualitywhichdoes notrequire treatment. The data from table 3 and the analysers reported by Klein (1954, p. 38-40) showthatgroundwater from the'shallow aquiferinthe Naples area isrelatively high inmineral content except along and immediately eastofthe coastal area. Figure 27 shows the approximate chloride content ofwater samples from wells and surface-water sampling points in northwestern Collier County. The. complete results from the chloride sampling areshownin table 4.

## 1 N

-r e 

## T 

# 141 T 48 4 S IS



# - 2 58 26C1 100 61 140



# 67 : 1 43 72

449

1J12 T- Ii ot

S S 79 

# 3- 4 1 

# 4 4

8 

### 1 p per milion) 

# 7.3,-}i4 " 71Well;upper 

### number 7........ 6. 

### -. 

### Sinumberof wellT O50 50 

### , depth 

### ot eir ll " 22 1551 00 

### s -5

7 - -re 0 l 5911 8 

# 24

U Surface water 101--250 observation point and station number 251-500 

### 0 13 

### o

SChlore than 500tent 2 123 (parts per million) 

# 120 Well~uppernumber 0... "*-

isse taken from U, S, Geolo cal50 Survey topographic quadrangles 

# s. 51-100 s

Figure 27 Northwestern Coier County showing chloride content o water 101from250 slctd wells nd surfce-water observation point 

# andstation number 251-500 Morethan 500

-1wsolccc .. ,lls .. , ... vC,,,.. unmen. olsev tomnm4wpontesuTABLE 3. Chemical Analyses of Waterfrom Selected Wells that Penetrate the Shallow Aquifer in Collier County (Results inpartspermillion except those for color, pH, and specific conductance) Depthof Dissample Date sld Speciic Well belo of - Silica Iran Cal- M - Sodium Pota- Bicr- Sulfate Chlo- Flu- Nitrate aolids Hard- conde. number land lection (502) (Fe) dum nsim (Na) dn booate (50) ride oride (Oid) (rmi- n as tance pH Color .zrfae (C) (M) (K) (HCO) (CI) (F) dueat CaCO (micromho (feet) ISM0) at 25'C) -59-120-1 44 8-14-59 5.4 0.01 56 5.0 17 0.5 198 10 25 0.2 0.3 220 160 378 8.1 15 606-143-1 142 8-13-59 20 .02 140 15 75 3.0 374 11 10 .0 1.4 781 411 1,140 7.5 8 608-1464 90 1-16-59 13 2.1 130 8.6 24 .0 386 4.0 48 .1 .0 492 360 747 8.0 0 60147-22 40 1-11-52 ................ ........ ........ 4* ........ 314 4.5 62 ........ 1.0 ........ 244 6 7.7 ..... 70 1-14-52 11.0 .10 69 3 8.8 .6 218 4.5 . 15 .1 .5 241 184 368 7.8 45 609-115-1 28 9- 2-59 10 1.9 144 2.1 16 .3 466 .2 25 .3 .8 478 368 708 7.0 8 

### 5 609-120-1 90 8-20-59 11 .00 54 7.7 12 .4 210 .0 15 .2 .1 207 166 364 7.5 5 609-141-1 41 7-16-58 17 .09 166 32 162 5.6 438 77 325 .2 1.5 1,000 731 1.720 7.3 20 0 609-143-1 44 7-17-58 12 .01 166 15 97 2.6 464 7.5 205 .3 .9 735 572 1,270 7.3 23 610-146-1 28 7-28-58 ........ ........ 119 6.6 35 .7 ........ 10 68 ....... ........ ........ 324 753 ....... ...... 52 7-28-58 ........ ........ 148 13 102 2.7 ........ 43 202 ........ ........ ....... 418 1,280 ........ ........ 96 7-28-58 ................ 214 36 315 4.4 ........ 178 65 ........ ........ ........ 682 2,790 .............. 610-147-13 63 3-19-58 11.0 .27 72 .1 9.0 .9 220 1 18 .1 .7 225 180 394 7.6 28 612-146-1 85 7-30-58 ........ .03 13 8.0 46 2.3 ........ 10 92 ................ ........ 290 766 ........ ........ 612-148-2 75 1-22-58 ........ .01 68 9 ........ ........ 252 3 15 .5 ........ 229 208 ............ 7.5 18 616-131-1 110 8-10-59 23 .01 70 15 40 4.6 308 14 41 .4 .2 365 236 609 8.1 15 616-141-2 46 7-28-59 10 2.3 170 6.3 26 .2 520 4.4 46 .0 .3 599 474 911 7.1 68 240 8- 3-59 20 .76 196 89 631 21 236 440 1,150 .1 1.0 2,660 1,517 4,530 ....... 5 616-145-1 58 7-20-58 24 1.0 134 29 162 7.2 418 122 275 .3 .1 960 5r5 1.640 7.3 17 621-135-2 92 7-24-59 25 .78 72 16 39 4.0 336 11 32 .0 .6 370 246 625 7.6 2 625-116-1 54 3-10-55 17 .36 114 16 50 2.6 451 .1 69 .3 2.0 534 353 876 7.3 75 625-124-1 282 5-16-58 30 .02 98 22 18 1.9 40I• 4.0 38 .2 .1; 407 338 702 7.7 25 SSodium, potasium assodium(SN).TABLE 4. Chloride Content, in PartsPer Million, fron Selected Wells in Northwestern Collier County (Depth of sample given in feet below land surface) Depth Cb.- Depth Chlo. Depth Chlo- Depth Chlo- Well number (feet) Date rile (feet) Date rite (feeu) Diate ride (feet) Date rid 605-14.-2................ 32 1- 2-50 130 ................ .... ............. .................................... 605-143-3............... . 32 1- 2-50 174 ........ .. . ........ ... ......... ... ..... ... ........................ .... .... 605-14 -4 ................. 42 1- 2-50 13 .. ........ ... .................. ............ . . ......... ........... ...... 665-144-2................. 83 1- 2-50 172 ................. ........ .... ................................................... 607-145-1................ ..... 25 11-17-58 83 66 11-17-58 153 92 11-17-58 304 110 11-18-58 472 46 11-17-58 92 607-146-2................. 120 1-1-50 119 .......................... ............................ ........ ...... .. ...... 608-146-6................. 72 1-16-50 127 .............. ......... ........ ........................................ ..... . 609-141-1 ................. 41 7-14-58 325 64 7-14-58 445 144 7-16-58 885 .......................... 609-143-1.................. 44 7-17-58 205 70 7-17-58 580 123 7-17-58 1,750 ......... 7-17-58 1,250 609-147-24................ 78 5- 6-54 16 ............................... ... 609-14-12................ 72 12-31-52 168 ........ 3- 7-5d 165 ........ 3-13-61 158 ........ 5- 8-61 186 5-15-53 181 .... 2-27-57 182 ........ 4-28-61 156 ........ 6- 6-61 166

- -5 168 ........ 320-58 190 ........ 5- 2-61 170 ........ 7-14-61 162

........ 2-28-55 169 610-146-1................. 28 7-28-58 68 61 7-28-58 242 06 7-28-58 655 120 7-29-58 875 52 7-28-58 202 610-147-5.................. 75 2-28-55 20 ........ 6- 8-59 26 ........ 8-15-60 34 ........ 6-16-61 30 3- 7-56 15 ........ 12- 3-59 16 ........ 3-13-61 22 ........ 7-14-61 28 

### s-5-58 17 ....... 1- 6-60 15 ........ 4-2-61 34 ....... -11-61 30 5-4-54 20 ........ 3-29-60 24 .. . 5-19-61 36 610-147-6................. 32 3-14-56 15 74 3-14-56 13 ........ ...... . ... ..... ........ 610-147-7................. 50 7-29-56 18 .............. 

### 610-147-9...................... 51 3-25-58 59 ........ 1-19-59 50 .................................................... 610-147-11.............. . 20 8-20-57 1,430 90 8-20-57 24 156 8-21-57 965 ........ 12- 3-59 615 44 -20-57 22 110 8-20-57 18 ........ 5- 4-59 352 ........ 1-6-60 470 60 8-20-57 43 141 8-20-57 385 ........ 6- 8-59 340 ......... 3-29-60 1,020610-147-12................ 17 -21-57 29 61 8-21-57 73 100 8-22-57 69 ........ 3-26-58 72 40 8-21-57 23 80 8-22-57 55 133 8-22-57 67 610-147-13............... 16 3-19-68 18 24 3-19-58 19 63 3-19-58 18 ........................... 610-147-22................ 142 3-29-60 20 ........ 4-26-61 50 ......... 5-18-61 38 ........ 7-14-61 34

.3-15-61 24 ........ 5- 2-61 26 ........ 6-16-61 32 610-147-23................. 64 3- 7-52 11 157 3-14-56 28 ........ 3-29-60 14 ........ 5-19-61 46 84 3- 7-52 8 ......... 3-20-58 25 ........ S-15-61 24 6-16-61 39 120 3-14-58 18 ........ 2-13-50 21 ........ 3-13-61 14 ........ 7-14-61 34 130 3-14-56 17 ........ 3- 4-59 17 ........ 4-26-61 58 ........ -11-61 34 140 3-14-56 16 ........ 12- 3-59 21 610-148-1................. 33 8-16-56 22 59 8-16-56 25 ........ ................ .................... ........ 610-148-2............. . 60 8-16-56 18 166 5- 4-59 79 166 3-13-61 34 166 5-19-61 48 123 3-20-58 16 166 6- 8ý59 60 168 4-26-61 40 166 6-16-61 40 145 3-20-58 32 166 3-20-60 44 166 5- 2-61 42 166 7-14-61 38 166 3-20-58 85 166 8-15-60 68 610-148-................. 35 8-17-56 14 58 8-17-56 13 ........ ........... ..... .................. 611-147-7................. 14 11-12-59 34 ... . ......... ....... .............. ......... . ... ... . .. 611-148-2................. 14 11-12-59 30 ..... .. ....... .. .... .. ..... . . ....... .... ... ...... ........ 612-146-1 .............. ..... 28 7-29-58 67 72 7-30-58 78 100 7-30-58 97 123 7-30-58 151 48 7-29-58 90 612-147-1................. 55 11-13-58 28 ............... ..................................................... ........ 612-148-4................ . 14 11-11-59 24 ..... .......... ........ ... .... . . . .... .. 613-147-1................. 60 11-13- 8 4 .................. ... ........ . .... .. . ...... .. . .... . 614-146-1...... ....... 20 11-18-68 70 61 11-18-58 176 82 11-18-58 260 103 11-19-58 260 614-147-1................. 60 11-13-58 38 ........ ....... .... . . . . ............. ......... ..... ................... 614-147-2................. 14 11-11-59 19 ........ . . .. . ..... ... .... . .... . .. ............ .... . 614-148-1................. 14 11-11-59 . 18 . . .. . . .. . ...... . .... 615-146-3 ................. 70 3-29-30 190 ........ ..... . ............... 615-147-21... ............. 100 3-28-60 314 ... ....................... . ........ . . 615-147-2................ 61 3-28-60 200 . . .. . ........ ......

15--147-3................ 6.7 3-28-60 530 ............ ]c'1'A111 4,-(Coutiiluuld) D)loth Chla. Depth COlo- e. pt)l COhl- Popth Ch1lo Well IniBzi1roi (foot) DaItao ide (fuot) Dato ridl (foot) )Dto rido (foot) Date ride 015-147-4,. ,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7 8 g-ai

- o0 10 , ...,,,,.. ,.,,.,.,.... ,* .,,.., 015-147-5 ................. 3-0-10 . ....... .. 200. 015-148-1 ........ ..... .. , 14 11-11-5fi 61 ... .... . . .. .......... .. .... ... 010-141-1 .................. 2 7-18-58 87 010-141-2, .,..,........,,, 25 7-20-50 28 00 7-20-50 72 140 7-20-50 140 2.10 8-3-50 1,150 40 7-20-50 40 010-145-1 .. ,,,........... 58 7-20-58 275 ................................................. 010-140-2. .. .......... ... 50 3-23-60 200 ........ .......... ..... . ...... ... . .......... ........ ..... .... 017-140-1................. 20 11-21-58 45 80 12-21-58 044 100 12-21-58 2,400 141 12-21-58 2,100 C 44 11-24-58 51 82 12-21-58 000



### iGROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COUIxER COUNTY, FLORIDA 51 

### Chemical analyses ofwater samplesfrom wells alongthe coastal ridge indicate thepresence ofahard limestone water thatis suitable, for most uses, with or without chemical treatment. As ground water must seep through aconsiderable thickness of sand androck to reachthe producing zones in the aquifer, it is generally free of harmful bacteria and suspended material. However, itdissolves some ofthe

## rocks through which it moves and this action is aided by the presence of carbon dioxide whichis absorbedbyrainfallfrom theatmosphere andfromorganicmaterial in the soil. Calcium and bicarbonate, from the solution on calcium carbonateinthe limestone, arethe principalionsin ground waterin most ofthe coastal ridge area. The high mineral content of the ground water east of the coastal strip is due primarily to constituents derived from sea water, in addition to the calcium and bicarbonate derived from the limestone in the aquifer. The chloride content ofthewater rangesfrom less than 100ppm to more than 2,000ppm and may come from threepossible sources: (1) Directmovement inlandfrom the sea and along tidal reaches of streams; (2) residual seawater left in the sediments atthe time ofdeposition or during former invasions of the sea; and (3) upward movement of salty waterfrom deeper artesian aquifers. SALT-WATER CONTAMINATION 

### Under normal conditions, coastal aquifers discharge fresh ground water intothe ocean ator seaward ofthecoastline. Largewithdrawals of ground water from these aquifers can cause the seaward movement to decrease orreverse, thereby causing salt water to enter the aquifer and move inland to contaminate the wells. This phenomenon is called saltwaterintrusion orsalt-water encroachment. Considerable study hasbeen made ofthe phenomenon. The GhybenHerzberg theory assumed (1) that aninterface exists between fresh and salt water dueto the difference in their densities, (2) no flow ispresent in either the fresh- or salt-water zone, and (3) the water table slopes seaward. Fromthese assumptionsthe following equation was developed: hf Z=--- 

### Ps-Pf whereZ= depth tosaltwater,infeetbelowmean sealevel; hf= height offresh water,in feet abovemean sealevel; and Ps - Pf= the difference in densities of saltwater and fresh water. Ifstandard figures areinserted for thetwo densities,the equationbecomes: Z= 40hf

### 52 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE

LAND SURFACE

_ W

A TER

- T ABLE MEAN SEA LEVE _ L

FRESH WATER EXPLA1ATION h .h.iqhtaffrsh atr.. in

Adepth to salt. water. in feet ,

Figure 28. Idealized sketch offresh-water and salt-water distribution in an unconfinedcoastal aquifer toillustrate the Ghyben-Herzberg relation. According to this principle, for every foot of fresh ground-water head 

### above mean sea level in coastal aquifers there willbe 40 feet of fresh waterbelow mean sealevel (fig. 28). However, this principle assumes thatthe fresh water is static and for this reason gives onlyapproximately the position of the interface. An exact equation for determining the shape and position of the interface with aknown rate ofdischarge offresh waterunder one set ofboundary conditions (fig.29) hasbeen devised by Glover (1959) for an analogous problem offree-surface gravity flow: y'- 2Q x- Q 2 =0 rk 

### yk2 x=distance measured horizontally landward from shoreline (feet). y = distance measured vertically downward from sea level (feet). 

### Q=fresh-water flowper unitlength of shoreline (square feetper second). k= permeability of the strata carrying the fresh-water flow (feet per second). -y= excess ofthe specific gravity of sea water over fresh water (dimensionless). Figure 29 is a comparison of Glover's interface with that of Ghyben-Herzberg. Because theinterface isin ahydrodynamic rather than ahydrostatic balance, itis farther seaward.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 53

Land

_-Woter taoble - sufc Sea level-.&

Sol

er" te r -- 0--`1 ea--

Figure 29. Sketch showing the fresh-water-salt-water interface according to the potential theory and the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. 

### Kohout (1960) showed, from field observations made atMiami, that the actual salt-water interface is farther seaward than is indicated by either principle in figure 29, not only because of seaward flow ofthe fresh ground water, but also because ofthe cyclic flow within the saltwaterfront. Cooper (1959) expressed thehypothesis of salt-water cyclic flow and referred to the salt-water-fresh-water contact not as an interface but as a zone of diffusion wherein salt water moves inland along the aquifer floor, moves upward into the zone of diffusion, and then returns tothe sea. From the above brief and generalhistory of salt-water encroachment studies, it can be seen that the Ghyben-Herzberg relation will give the maximum extent that the salt-water front will move inland under a specific setofhydrologic conditions. In Collier County, contamination of the ground water by salt-water encroachment has occurred chiefly in coastal areas adjacent to major streams and drainage canals that flow to the ocean. These waterways enhance the possibility of sea-water encroachment in two ways: (1) They lower ground-water levels, thereby reducing the fresh-water head opposing the inlandmovement of seawater; and (2) theyprovide access for seawatertomoveinland during dryperiods. 

# forseawatertomoveinlanddurinigdryperiods.

### 54 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE RECENT AND RESIDUAL ENCROACHMENT 

### The Naples areais vulnerable to two types of salt-water contamination: (1) Sea water can move laterally inland directly from the Gulf of Mexico, Naples Bay, and the lower part of the Gordon River that is affected by tides; and (2) chemical analyses (table 3) indicate that salty water at depth east ofNaples is probably residual sea water trapped during the deposition of the sediments or that it entered the sediments when the seacovered theNaples area duringPleistocene time. Examples ofboth types ofencroachment are shownby data collected during the drilling ofwell 610-147-11, east ofthewell-field extension and near the upper tidal reach of the Gordon River (fig. 14, 15). Chloride analyses of water samples taken from test well 610-147-11, as shown in figure 14, indicate that salt water from the Gordon River had infiltrated downward to a depth ofabout 25 feet below msl inthe uppermost limestone bed of the aquifer. The salt-water contamination from the river was reported to have caused the loss of several rows oflitchi trees neartheriverintheCaribbean Botanical Gardens (fig. 21). Litholigic and chloride data from well 610-147-11 (fig. 14, sec. E-E') show that the uppermost layer of limestone is underlain by 10 feet of marl which separates shallowwater ofhigh chloride content from deeper water oflow chloride content. The difference in the quality ofthe water may be caused by either, or a combination, of the following factors: (1) The marllayer is sufficiently impermeable to form an effective seal between theupper andlower limestones; (2) well 610-147-11 is near the Gordon River, a discharge area, and the pressure head in the lower part of theaquiferis greaterthan itis in the shallowpart, thuspreventing the downward movement of salty water. The high chloride content below 130 feet inwell 610-147-11 indicates that salt water has moved inland beneath the Gordon River, presumably as aresult oflocal lowering of the ground-water levels in the adjacent drainage area. The fluctuation of chloride content of water samples collected periodically from a depth of 156 feet below the land surface reflects the movement of the salt front deep in the aquifer in response to changes in ground-water levels (table 3). The low chloride content ofthe water at a depth of 135 feet in well 610-147-12 (table 4) indicates that in 1958the deep saltwedge hadnotreached thatwell. The extent of the salt-water encroachment at depth in the Cocohatchee River basin has not been determined because of the lack of deep observation wells near the lower reaches of the river. However, the presence of water containing 664 ppm of chloride at a depth of 60GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 55 

### feet and 2,400 ppm of chloride at a depth of 103 feet below the land surface in well 617-146-1 suggests the possibility ofrecent encroachment beneath canals thatextend inlandfrom the river. A determination of the origin ofthis high chloride content can be madeby periodic sampling of thewell and complete chemical analysis of the water. Extensive encroachment from the sea has not occurred west of the well field, although water levels in the area are lowered by pumping in thewell field and numerous canals extend inland from the gulf.However, inland movement of salt water is indicated by a fluctuation of chloride content of samples, taken periodically from March 1958 to July 1961, thatranged between 34 and 85 ppm at a depthof 166 feet in well 610-148-2. Major encroachment probably is being retarded by the high groundwater levels (fig. 16, 18, 19). The hydrographs of wells 610-148-2 and 610-147-11 correlate closely; accordingly, the long-term hydrograph of well 610-147-11 (fig. 16) suggests that the water levels in well 610-148-2 probably averaged between 4 and 5 feet above sea level during the period 1958through September 1959,aperiod ofheavyrainfall and above normal ground-water levels. The head of fresh ground water above sea level would indicate thatfresh water extends to the base ofthe aquifer atthis point.Encroachment may beretarded also by beds ofmarl in the aquifer, which probably extend seaward under the gulf. Although the encroachment of salt water toward the well field has been slight, the salt-water front near well 610-148-2 indicates that longterm lowering of ground-water levels caused by extension of the canal system or increased pumping during a long dry period might cause encroachmentthatwould endangerthewell field. Because the chloride content ofthe water is an indicator of changes in mineral content, the data infigure 27 show that highly mineralized water occurs north of Naples near the Cocohatchee River and east of the coastalridge as much as 10 miles inland from the coast. Comparison ofwater-level contourmaps (fig. 18, 19) and the topography of the area indicates thatground-waterlevels eastoftheridgerange from5to 15 feet above sea level. The lines ofequal chloride content in figures 13, 14, and 15 showthatthechloride content ofthe ground water increases gradually with depth in the eastern part ofthe area, but rather sharply in material oflowpermeability near thebottom oftheaquifer. The highwaterlevels and the inland location of the Big Cypress area indicate that the high mineral content of the ground water in that area is not caused by the recent encroachment of sea water. The high mineral content of ground water in materials oflow permeability in the lower part of the aquifer56 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### suggests thatthe sourceofcontamination is connate salt water or upward leakagefromthe deeper artesian aquifer. Ground water in the shallow aquifer along the southwestern and southern coast ofCollier County is highly mineralized. The water levels in the area are not high enough to impede salt-water intrusion fromthe gulf. Poorflushing ofthe groundwaterwithin the shallowaquifer probably accounts for the high mineralization of the ground water in the interior of the county. The lack of flushing is caused partly by dense beds of relatively impermeable limestones at shallow depths retarding the infiltration of rainfall. Poor flushing because of retarded rainfall infiltration is exhibited east ofNaples where ground water from shallow depths has a high chloride content and surface water has a low chloride content. Also in this area, the water-table gradient is almost flat except adjacent totidal streams and Naples Bay. The data obtained from wells 616-141-1 and 616-141-2 indicate drainage in the inland areas can improve the quality ofthe ground water in the shallow aquifer. Well 616-141-1 was drilled July 18, 1958 near a drainage canal which had been completed prior to that date. At a depth of 26 feet the chloride content of water fromthe well was87ppm. Well 616-141-2 was drilledJuly 29, 1959about 100 yards east and the same distance from the canal. At a depth of 26 feet the chloride content ofwater fromthe well was 38 ppm, indicating that the construction of the canal had steepened the water-table gradient and causedconsiderable flushing during the 1-year period. UPWARD LEAKAGE 

### Test-drillinginformation indicates thathead differentials large enough tocause upward leakage donot existin theshallow aquifer in the county except in the coastal ridge area in Naples. Moreover, in the central part ofthe county, the chloride content of the ground water is relatively low throughout the entire thickness of the aquifer, which indicates that contamination would not take place even if upward leakage did exist. Data pertaining to the possibility of upward leakage of salt water from deep water-bearing strata were collected during the drillingofwell 616-141-2 in the northwestern part and well 609-115-1 in the central part of the county. Well 616-141-2 was drilled to a depth of300 feet in January 1959. The analyses of water samples collected at 46 feet and 240 feet below the land surface are given in table 3. Materials of very lowpermeability werepenetratedbetween the baseofthe shallowaquifer (about 130 feetbelow the land surface) and a permeable bed at230 to 240feetbelow theland surface, fromwhich thelower sample was taken.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 

### 57 Water levels measured asdrilling progressed inthe section oflow permeability ranged from 5.4 to 14.8 feet below the land surface. Water levels in both the shallow aquifer and the lower permeable zone were less than 1footbelow theland surface. Water-level measurements in all zones were madeunder the same conditions. The extremely high mineral content ofthe lower sample from well 616-141-2 indicates a source for contamination of the shallow aquifer from below but the head differential between thetwo levelssuggests thatnoupward flowwas occurring. Well 609-115-1 was drilled to a total depth of 700 feet in September 1959. When the well was 28 feet deep, the water level was 0.41 foot below the land surface and the chloride content was 25 ppm. When the well was 485 feet deep, the water level was 32 feet above the land surface and the chloride content was 985 ppm. This indicates that upward leakage can take place from the lower, more mineralized Floridan aquifer intotheoverlying shallow aquifer ifthe confiningbeds separating the two aquifers arethin. Leakycasing penetrating the Floridan aquifer also can permit upward leakage. SUMMARY The Floridan aquifer underlies all of Collier County and wells penetrating the aquifer flow except in the area of high dunes on Marco Island. However, except in the town of Everglades and vicinity, the ground waterfrom theFloridan aquifer is highly mineralized and unsuitable fordrinking.The Tampa Formation of late Miocene Age is thechief sourceofwater fortheFloridan aquifer in Collier County. The top ofthe aquifer is about 400 feet below the land surface. The shallow aquifer is the principal source of fresh ground water in Collier County.It comprises the Pamlico Sand,Anastasia Formation, and permeable limestones of the Tamiami Formation. Marl beds ofvarying thicknesses intheupper portion oftheaquifer restrict the vertical permeability in certain parts of the county. The shallow aquifer extends from the land surface to about 130 feet below in the northwestern part of Collier County, to about 90 feet in the southern part, and to about 60 feetin thecentral and northeastern parts. The aquifer thins to a featheredge along theDade-Broward Countyboundary. Ground water in the shallow aquifer in the Naples area is of good quality, containing about 250ppm of dissolved solids. This is due inpart to the high fresh-water head adjacent to the coast and the resultant flushing ofground water. The ground wateroftheshallow aquifer inthesame coastal communitiesinCollier County isunsuitable fordrinking because ofcontamination

### 58 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE 

### by salt water.Ground wateris available in the interior ofthe county but itis highly mineralized owingto poor flushing ofthe aquifer. High concentrations ofchloride in the area east and northeast ofNaples are due topoor flushing ofthe aquifer and to residual salt-water contamination. Theresultsofaquifer tests indicate that the shallow aquifer will produce largequantities ofwaterwithmoderate drawdowns in water levels, especially in areas where surface water can recharge the aquifer. The topography, drainagepattern, andhydraulic characteristics oftheshallow aquifer in northwestern Collier County indicate that supplies equal to present water needs can be developed along the eastern edge of the coastal ridge and the adjacent drainageway. Additional supplies can be developed from the same area by the use of infiltration in conjunction with the drainage ofinlandareas. Present and future well fields may be safeguardedfrom salt-control dams nearthe gulfinmajor streams. Acontinuing appraisal ofthequantityand quality ofwaterin storage innorthwestern Collier Countywillbeneeded forthe maximum development ofthe area.The immediate need is for water-level and streamflow dataforuseinthedesign ofacomprehensive water-control system. Studies offlood-control and drainage systems in southeastern Florida have shown that, with proper location and operation of salinity controls and carefully planned overall drainage systems, large inland areas can be developed for urban or agricultural usewithout depletion of essential ground-water resources.GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 59 

### REFERENCES Bishop, E. W. 1956 Geology and ground-water resources of Highlands County, Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. 15. Cooke, C. W. (also see Parker, G. G.) 1945 Geology ofFlorida: Florida Geol. Survey Bull.29. Cooper, H. H., Jr. 1959 A hypothesis concerning the dynamic balance of fresh water and salt water in a coastal aquifer: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 64, no. 4, p. 461-467. Davis, J. H. 1943 The natural features of southern Florida, especially the vegetation and the Everglades: Florida Geol.Survey Bull. 25. Ferguson, G. E. (see Parker, G. G.) Glover, R.E. 1959 The pattern of fresh-water flow in a coastal aquifer: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 64,no. 4,p.457-459. Hantush, M. C. 1956 Analysis of data from pumping tests in leaky aquifers: Am. Geophys. UnionTrans., v.37,no. 6, p. 702-714. Jacob, C. E. 1946 Radial flow in a leaky artesian aquifer: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 27, no. 2, p. 199. Klein, Howard (also see Schroeder, M. C.; Sherwood, C. B.) 1954 Ground-water resources ofthe Naples area, Collier County, Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Rept.Inv. 11. Kohout, F. A. 1960 Cyclic flow of salt water in the Biscayne aquifer of southeastern Florida: Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 65,no. 7, p. 2133-2141. Lichtler, W. F. 1960 Geology and ground-water resources of Martin County, Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Rept. Inv.23. Love, S. K. (see Parker, G. G.) Meinzer, O. E. 1923 The occurrence of ground water in the United States, with a discussion ofprinciples; U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 489. Parker, G. G. 1944 (and Cooke, C. W.) Late Cenozoic geology of southern Florida, with a discussion of the ground water: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 27. 1951 Geologic and hydrologic factors in the perennial yield of the Biscayne aquifer: Am. Water Works Assoc. Jour., v. 43, p. 817-834. Parker, G. G. 1955 (and Ferguson, G. E., Love, S. K., et al.) Water resources of southeastern Florida, with special reference to the geology and ground water of the Miami area: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1255.60 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE Puri,H. S. 1959 (and Vernon, R. O.) Summary of the geology of Florida and a guidebook to the classic exposures: FloridaGeol. Survey Spec. Pub.5. Rorabaugh, M. I. 1956 Ground water in northeastern Louisville, Kentucky, with reference to induced infiltration: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1360- B. Schroeder, M. C. 1954 (and Klein, Howard) Geology of the western Everglades area, southernFlorida: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 314. 1961 (and Klein, Howard) Ground-water resources of northwestern CollierCounty, Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 29. Stewart, H. G., Jr. 1959 Interim report on the geology and ground-water resources of northwestern Polk County, Florida: Florida Geol. Survey Inf. Circ. 23. Stringfield, V. T. 1936 Artesian water in the Florida peninsula: U.S. Geol. Survey WaterSupply Paper,773-C. Theis, C. V. 1938 The significance and nature of the cone of depression in groundwaterbodies: Econ. Geology, v.33, no. 8, p. 889-902. Todd, D. K. 1959 Ground-water hydrology: New York, John Wiley &Sons. U.S. Public Health Service. 1961 Drinking water standards: Am. Water Works Jour., v. 53, no. 8, p. 939-945. U.S. Public Health Service 1961 Drinking water standards: Am. Water Works Jour., v. 53, no. 8, p. 939-945. Vaughan, T.W. 1910 A contribution to the history of the Floridian Plateau: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 133, Papers Tortugas Lab., v. 4, p.99-185. Vernon, R. O. (see Puri, H. S.)GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 61 

### WELL LOGS WELL 554-143-1 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Beach sand, shell, and fill material ...................... 0............ ... 0- 13 Sand, quartz, fine, shelly, last3 feet containing greenish marl ..... 13

- 33 Sand, quartz, fine; dark green marl, less shell than above ............ 33- 44 Limestone, gray to white, hard, shelly .................................. 44- 58 Limestone, tan to white, ranging from soft to very soft; light tangreen marl streaks at 128 feet and 153 feet .............................. 58- 193 Sand, quartz, fine to coarse, cemented with CaCOa, quartz grains

are well rounded; greenish marl -.......-........................ .............. 193- 273 Clay, green, marly, sandy, some shell from above; clay becomes

harder at 330 feet-...................... ............................ ......-------. 273

-343 Limestone, yellow, crystalline; phosphatic material; some clay .... 343- 353 Limestone, white, shelly, phosphatic, marly; becomes softer at 373

feet .................................................................................. .. 353

-404 WELL 556-128-1 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, marly .................................. .....................- .. 0- 12 Limestone, gray to white, shelly, Pectonshells ...................... .... 12 -162 Limestone, buff to gray; coarse, quartz sand; shell; marl ........... 162- 252 Limestone, buffto gray, shelly; green clay ...................................... 252

-262 Clay, marly, sandy, bluish gray, shell ....................... 2................ 262-292 Clay, dense, tight dark green, becoming sandy at 325 feet, phosphatic at 348 feet, and hard zone at 365 .................................. 292- 376 Limestone, light gray to dirty white, marly, phosphatic ............... 376-392 Note: Well was drilled with rotary drill rig. Samples were washed free of drilling mud, thereby any sand or silt-size particles were removed. WELL 559-120-1 Depth, in feet Material below land surface Sand, brown, organic, and limestone fill rock ............................... 0- 10 Limestone, light tan to white, soft, permeable ............................. 10- 44 Sand, quartz, fine to medium, brown; white limestone ..--------...... 44- 50 Sand, quartz, fine to medium, brown .................................... 50

-150 Sand, quartz, fine to medium, brown; green clay ...................-....... 105- 126 WELL 606-143-1 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Limestone, light gray to buff, very hard, sandy, marly --.............. 0- 20 Shell, hash, cream to buff, marly, soft ...--..--------- ........................ 20- 30 Limestone, light tan, shelly, phosphatic; permeable ............ 30- 60 Limestone, light gray, sandy, some shell, soft; hard zone at 100

feet ---..-..................------------------------------- 60-127 Limestone, light cream to dark gray, soft, sandy shelly ------... . 127- 14262 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE WELL 607-145-1 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, surface --------- - 0- 9 Marl, dark, hard _____ __ 9- 13 Sand, quartz, fine to medium, marly, very shelly _.__ 13- 25 Limestone, white to dark gray, shelly sandy, permeable --....... 25- 92 Sand, quartz, very fine, gray to tan --- . _ 92- 115 Sand, quartz, very fine to medium, tan to green, phosphatic ...--. 115- 141 WELL 609-115-1 Depth, infeet Material below land surface Sand, black, organic, marly, shelly -.... 0- 24 Sand, quartz, fine, shelly; small amount of limestone .......- ......- 24- 56 Sand, quartz, buff to pink, phosphatic; fossiliferous limestone .... 56- 66 Sand, quartz, very fine, shelly, phosphatic -- -.--- 66- 76 Sand, quartz, fine to coarse, white to light gray phosphatic ...... 76- 112 Sand, quartz, very fine, phosphatic; green clay ..------.----..-....---.. 112- 132 Clay, green, tight; quartz sand, decreasing in lower part -............. 132

- 158 Clay, gray-green, hard; very coarse, phosphatic, quartz sand;

greenish material at 200 feet may be phosphatic, crystalline limestone or iron-bearing silica -- -----..--- .. 158-238 Clay, gray-green, sandy, phosphatic, shelly --- --...-.--....-- ..... 238-244 Shell, hash; quartz sand loosely cemented with CaCO.; 3-foot thick

layer ofclay at 261 feet _... --......-------..------.......--....- 244-290 Clay, bluish green, sandy, shelly, phosphatic _ _---__- - 290- 400 Limestone, light gray, friable or "rotten," shelly; abundance of

shell hash at 425-435 feet ___ __- __-_ 400-485 Limestone, very light gray to cream, sandy, phosphatic ........--.-.. 485- 530 Limestone, light gray, shelly, phosphatic, clayey .... - 530- 570 Clay, green, tight, shelly; light gray limestone -------.. .. ...-...-...- . 570- 575 Limestone, light gray towhite, phosphatic, clayey; varying amounts

ofshell with depth; very hard limestone zone 3-4 feet thick at 587 feet -_____ ------- ___ .... -____- 575 -700 WELL 609-120-1 Depth, infeet Material below land surface Limestone, light tan, very hard, fossiliferous; very hard ...... 0- 30 Limestone, white to light tan, shelly; pink coating on shells ...-..... 30- 38 Limestone, white, phosphatic -__- _.--.-- 38- 40 Sand quartz, very fine, white

_ _ 40- 72 Limestone, white to light gray phosphatic, sandy 72-103 Sand, quartz, silt-size to very coarse, clayey _ .- 103- 122 WELL 613-148-1 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Sand, fine to medium, brown; organic material -___ 0- 22 Limestone, light gray, sandy, shelly, marly 22- 44GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 63 Limestone, gray, sandy; greenish shelly clay; phosphatic nodules -_ 44

- 48 Limestone, gray, shelly, sandy, phosphatic; permeable .................... 48- 72 Limestone, white, friable, granular; permeable ..........------........ ..-- 72- 128 Limestone, light gray, sandy, some shell .--................-- -------------...... 128

- 136 Sand, quartz, fine to very fine, white ---...-----...... -------.. .........----.. . 136

- 142 WELL 614-146-1 Depth, infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, yellow .-----..---...........-........... . -----------........ 0- 4 Sand, quartz, fine, gray; indurated gray limestone ...........------..-... 4- 17 Limestone, gray, sandy, shelly, permeable ...--...--.......---.................. 17- 89 Sand, quartz, fine, dark gray, phosphatic, marly ....................-------- 39- 44 Limestone, dark gray, sandy, shelly ....-----....-----------------. 44- 85 Sand, quartz, medium, limy ....---............--------------. 85- 115 WELL 616-131-1 Depth, infeet Material below land surface Sand, dark-brown, organic .--.............----..---........ .....---..----..- 0- 10 Limestone, sandy, light tan to gray ..-...-................-------.......... --- . 10- 20 Limestone, light gray, clay, sandy -.--..----..-.............---------------.... 20- 40 Clay, green, soft; lightgray limestone ....------.....--------............ . 40- 60 Clay, green, soft, sandy, shelly ......................---- .--- ......... 60- 80 Limestone, light to dark gray, hard, shelly, phosphatic and sandy

in lower part; very permeable ------............ --. ----...--. ............... 80- 130 WELL 616-141-2 Depth, infeet Material below land surface Limestone fillrock and sand .........------......... ---------------- 0- 10 Shell, hash, cream colored; limestone, marly ...........--....----- --..... 10- 35 Limestone, light cream, shelly, phosphatic --..---..--..-............---...--.. 35- 46 Limestone, white to dark gray; light green clay in varying

amounts .---............ ------------....---.----------------------------- 46- 90 Limestone, gray, sandy; sand-filled cavity at 105 feet .---..........----- 90 -150 Clay, gray-green, soft, sandy, phosphatic ............--- .....-......-----------. . 150- 160 Limestone, light cream, sandy, phosphatic ---..-..........------------..... 160- 170 Limestone, very shelly, clayey, and phosphatic; clay increasing -... 170- 220 Limestone, white and gray, clayey, phosphatic .--...--..---....... ....------- 220- 240 Clay, green, sandy, phosphatic; gray limestone -..----..........---------.... 240- 270 Clay, green, sandy, hard ----.............-.......--.---.......-......-. .------- 270- 300 WELL 617-146-1 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, dark, organic ..- ..----------.........-- .....--- ..----- 0- 1 Limestone, gray, fossiliferous, very hard, impermeable ..--------..... 1- 23 Sand, quartz, medium, gray to white, shelly; dark gray to tan

limestone -.---------------- ------- -------------- 23- 55 Clay, dark green ---...............------ -------------------------------- 55- 75 Marl, green, shelly limestone in lower part; permeable ---.--..----..- 75- 94

### 64 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN THIRTY-ONE Limestone, white; sandy in lower part; permeable -_____ ----- 94

- 121 Sand, quartz, very fine, white phosphatic --- 121 - 141 WELL 621-135-2 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Fill material __ __-- ____ 0- 10 Sand, quartz, medium, tan; gray limestone; shell in lower part --.. 10- 40 Clay, marly, shelly, greenish tan -__--_--- _.- 40- 60 Limestone, dark gray, shelly, becoming sandy in lower part --...- 60- 90 Sand, quartz, very fine, limy, clayey, phosphatic .. _-.....- - 90- 95 Limestone, buff-colored, phosphatic, sandy, becoming shelly in last

7 feet; permeable _ _ -- ___ . _ 95- 123 WELL 621-136-5 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, fill material, and organic material

___ 0- 10 Shell, tan, hash, fill material .. __ ..... ........ _ _ ...... 10- 20 Limestone, light gray and shell hash

____ 20- 30 Limestone, light gray, sandy, marly, becoming harder and darker

gray at bottom; permeable -------- 30- 55 Limestone, gray to white, with greenish gray clay, sand, and

phosphatic material in lower part; permeable

- _- 55-118 Sand, quartz, very fine; white and gray limestone fragments .--.. 118- 120 Sand, quartz, fine, white _____- - -.-------- -.------- 120- 130 WELL 622-125-2 Depth, infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, fine to medium, organic material 0_-_. ... - 10 Sand, quartz, fine, gray, marly, phosphatic, clay in lower part _- 10- 35 Marl, sandy, green, phosphatic 35- 48 Limestone, white to gray; fine to medium quartz sand, abundance

of white and black shell fragments __-- _ 48- 53 Sandstone, probably CaCO, cement _-___ 53

- 60 Sand, quartz, medium to coarse, becoming finer _ _ 60- 120 WELL 625-123-3 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Surface sand, fill, and organic matter .. --... ......... _-- ...... .. - 0- 10 Sand, quartz, fine, dirty white, becoming whiter with depth; marl,

light brown, decreasing in amount with depth; phosphatic material in lower part _-------_-___ 10- 37 Sand, quartz, fine, gray -____ _ --- _-- - ____ _ 37- 70 Sand, quartz, medium to coarse, gray, phosphatic material 70- 80 Sand, quartz, medium, poorly consolidated, marly 80- 90 Clay, greenish gray, sandy, marly, becomes green in lower part .. 90- 110 Sand, quartz, coarse, marly; tightly cemented sandstone in lower

part 110-129GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA 

### 65 Sand, quartz, medium, marly; semi-indurated gray limestone .... _- 129- 145 Sand, quartz, coarse; phosphatic material; dark green soft clay in

lower part .......................... 145- 171 Clay, sandy, dark green; phosphatic material .... 171- 175 Clay, sandy, light gray; white limestone --- ___ ......... _........ 175- 177 Limestone, white to buff, sandy, phosphatic material _ . 177- 190 Sand, quartz clear to gray, coarse; limestone fragments; phosphatic

material ----------- . _____ ... ----------....... _ 190

-212 Clay, marly, light gray to green; fine to medium quartz sand;

phosphatic material ..--..........-----------....---...- ... -.... 212

- 303 WELL 626-123-1 Depth,infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, medium, brown, marly; organic material _ --.. ___ 0

- 10 Sand, quartz, medium, light brown, shelly, marly; becomes very

shelly in lower part ___......._ _ .............................. 10- 30 Sand, quartz, very fine, gray, phosphatic _ 30- 40 Sand, quartz, coarse, gray, clayey, phosphatic; contains corals;

sand becomes pebble size in lower part ---- __.-___ . ------...... 40- 60 Sand, quartz, very fine, light gray, phosphatic; becomes coarser

with dark green marl in lower part --_.---. -_---_-----......._ ...... 60- 100 Sand, quartz, coarse to pebble-size; sandstone; shell fragments;

dark green marly clay . . -- . -----.................... ____... -- .... 100-116 Sand, quartz, coarse to pebble-size; green marly clay -.----------. 116

- 140 Sand, quartz, very fine, gray, marly, clayey, phosphatic ..-----..... 140

- 150 WELL 626-126-1 Depth, infeet Material below land surface Sand, quartz, fine to medium, white to gray --........ _.. ....-. -. ... 0- 15 Sand, quartz, fine to very coarse, well rounded, white, becoming

finer in lower part ___ ____ _ 15- 41 Sand, quartz, fine, gray, with phosphatic material ---................. 41- 50 Sand, quartz, coarse to very coarse, white well rounded; phosphatic material ------......-........ - --.................-.... --...... --. 50- 73 Sand, quartz, gravel-size, white to gray; phosphatic material ------- 73- 85 Sand, quartz, fine to very fine, white to pink; green-blue clay;

light brown to buff marl ____.-----..________ ___ 85- 95 Sand, quartz, fine, marly __ ... . ____. 95- 123'I'Aurit 5. Well lucourds InColltr County, Florid Aquifer: I,shallow aquifer;P, Floridanaqulfer, Remarks: W-istheFlorida Geological Survey well number, UselPl, publicsupply; 0,oservation; D,domestic;T, test (ifnotnoted inremarkssection,it refers toawelldrilledforwaterandearth smplesr); Ir,Irrigation;8, stook;In, Industrial, Casing Measuring point Waterlevel Yield Chloride Above Year Depth Above Eleva or Team. Well Owner Driller com. ofwell Aqui- or tion below pera- Use Remarks number pleted (feet) Depth Diam. fer below above (-) Date of Gal- Parts D.e ,ture (feet) eter Description land meau me&s measur- Ionsper per sampled ('F) (inches) surface sea uing ment minute million (feet) level point (feet) 680-126-1 Humble OilCo...... May Bros......... 1941 506 160 4% F Top of41-inchcasing. 1.0 ..... 11.5 12-15-41 350 .............. 82 T Oilexploratory 630-123-1 AtlantioCoast Line.. ................... ............. ....... 4 F Top of4-inch dischargepipe......... 2.0 ....... 1.4 10- 0-50 150 825 10-0-59 80 Ir -2 do.,,....,,,, ........ ......... ... . ....... 4 F do........... 1 . 10.0 1- 99 ..... 1,030 10- 9-59 80 Ir -8 J.Houghteling...... B.andD.Well Lower edgeof21-inch Drillers.......... 1950 6 48 3 8 elbow.......... . 1.5 ....... - 6.45 8-13-52 ....... ............... .... Ir -4 do............ do........... 192 16 ....... 5 Topof0-inch casing.. .5 ...... - 7.48 8-13-52 ....... 17 8-13-50 77 Ir 680-122-1 Atlantic CoastLine.. ..................... ............... 4 F Land surface........ .0 ....... 23.5 10- 9-50 150 1,100 10- 0-50 80.5 Ir -2 J. Houghteling...... B.andD.Well Top of3-inch Drillers.......... 180 50 40 3 8 coupling........... 1.0 ....... - 4.40 8-13-52 ....... 17 8-13-52 ..... Ir -3 do............ do............ 192 85 ....... 6 8 Top of6-inchcasing.. 1.3 ....... - 4.61 8-13-52 ....... ................. ...... Ir

- 4.74 10- 0-59 S629-12 ..................... J.H. Whatlcy........ ... 660 ....... 6 F Top of6-inch discharge pipe........ 2.0 ..... 21.8 10-0-50 200 ... 10- 0-89 80.4 Ir 629-127-1 CollierCorp........... ............ ....... 20 ....... 6 8 Topof6-inch casing.. .0 ....... -10.35 5- 8-59 ...... 48 5- 8-59 ...... Ir -2 do........... ......................... 2 ...... 6 8 do............ 1.0.......- .3 - ....... 35 5-8-50 ...... Ir -8 do............................ ............ 8 .......................... ...... ....... ....... ....................................... Ir -4 ................... J.M.Whatley.............. 1,11 ....... F Top ofgalvanizedoxtensionondischarge Spipe ............ .7 ...... 11.7 10-8-50 100 1,100 10- 8-59 84.5 Ir Flowingwild029-120-1 Collier Corp......... .................... ....... 26 ....... 6 8 Top of0-inchcasing.. .0 ....... - 7.74 6- 8-95 ....... 83 5-8-80 ...... Ir 629-14-1 BudFredricks....... MillerBros.. .............. 55 ....... 6 8 ................................................. 700 38 5- 7-6 75.5 Ir S -2 do............ do.......... ... ....... 8 ....... 6 8 ................. ............ .... ....... .... ........ 48 5- 7-50 .....Ir 620-122-1 AtlanticLand and Topofdischarge SImprovementCo.. J.M.Whatley...... 1988 702 304 6 F pipe............. 1.3 ....... 20.0 10- 9-59 90 080 10- 0-59 70 Ir S -2 ........................ ... .................. 4 F' do........... 2 ...... 200 10- 9-59 100 1,120 10- 0-59 81 Ir -3 ....................... . ......................... 4 F do........... 1.0 ....... 24.0 10- 9-59 ....... 1,090 10- 9-59 81 Ir 962f1 24-1 Bud Fredricks...... PaulDukes......... ....... 45-55 30 6 8 ................. ....... ....... ................. 138 5- 7-59 75 Ir

/ -2 do............ ......................... 800? ....... 0 F Landsurface........ .0 38 9.0 5- 7-59 50 520 5- 7-59 80 Ir 627-127-1 ..................... .......................... 750 ....... 4 F Top of4-inch dis

### Scharge pipe........ 2.0 ....... 16.1 10- 8-50 15 1,120 10- 8-60 82.5 Ir .627-120-1 University ofFlorida Agricultural Experiment Station.. J.M.Whatley...... ...... 184 168 2 ...... Landsurface......... 0 ......- 10.0 5- -50 ........................ ...... Ir -2 do............ do............ 1957 184 ....... 2 ..... ...................... .......... ....... .......... ....... 75 3-10-59 ...... Ir ;' ' - .................... do................. 682 ....... 6 F Topof6-inch elbow... 1.6 ...... 19.2 10- 8-59 50 1,018 10- 8-50 83 Ir 6, 27-126-1 Stokes.............. .................. . 89 ....... 3 4 S Topof4-inchcasing.. 1.75 ....... - 7.26 6- 2-59 ....... 62 6-2-59 ...... Ir '. -2. do............ ................... .... 35 ...... 4 S Topof4-inchunthreadedeasing.... .88 ....... - 5.90 6- 2-59 ....... 30 6-2-59 ...... Ir 626-127-1 FrankCorbett....... .................... 1058 40 40 1l S ........................... ....... ... 8 3 4-0 ...... Ir :626-120-1 USGS............. MillerBros......... 159 123 84 2 S Topof2-inchcasing.. 1.1 .... - 5.2 0-23-59 55 20 8-23-59 ...... T i626-125-12Kenneth Glidden.... ............ ........... 250 ....... 2 ...... ................. ........................... ...... 39 3-25-60 ...... D -2 KnoxBlount........ Dave Buschmann.... 1957 230 210 2 ........................... ................... ....... 19 3-25-59 ..... D 626-128-1 USGS............. MillerBros ........ 1950 153 144 2 S Landsurface......... 0 ....... - 4.34 7-12-590 .............. .......... .. T 626-121-1 CollierCorp........ RayMesser......... 1 3 23 6 ...................... .... .. ................... ................ Ir 625-120-1 do............. MaysBros.......... 1941 753 228 4A F ................ ..... .............. ....... ... 81 T Oilexploratory -2 Tom Lynn.......... D.Buschmann...... 1957 227 200 1A ...... Landsurface......... .0 ....... -18.0 8- -57 25 23 3- 4-50 ...... D -3 R.M. Anderson..... do............ 1.57 6. 1 S ............ ......... . .. .............. 42 4- 5-59 ...... D -4 do....do.... do.......... 1050 35 35 1X S ..................... ..................... ...... ... 25 4- 5-59 ..... D

, , ,TAPL~ 5. (Continued) Cuiug Measuring point Water level Yield Chloride Above Year Depth Above Eleva- or Tern. Well Owner Driller com- ofwell Aqui- or tion below pere. Use Remarks number pleted (feet) Depth Diam. fer below above (-) Date of Gal- Parts Date ture (feet) eter Description land mean mea- meuur. lons per per sampled ('F) (inches) surface sea uring ment minute million (feet) level point (feet) 61 -125-1H.E.M cDaniel.......... ........... . 1040 196 ....... 4 ... .... ..................................... ..... ...... . ....... 4 -27-50 ...... D -6 do....................................... 220 ....... 4 ...... ................................................. ....... 17 3-27-50 ..... D -7 J.0.Dupree........ D.Bihmann....... 1057 130 125 1% ...... ..... ........................ ..... ................ 1 3-27-0 ...... D -8 Chas.Scott......... O.B.Fowler...... 155 42 ....... 2 ...... ...... ............. ........................... 38 3-27-50 ...... D -9 L.H. Grots......... D. Busm..... ...... 1052 .21 180 ..................... .............. ...... ........ ....... 48 3-27-50 ...... D -10 LloydBrown.... . M.Whatley.... 1050 242 210 2 .............................. ....................... .... 50 3-27-50 ...... D 625-125-1 CollierCounty Board ofPublicInstruction Fred'aBarn....... . 1058 250 103 4 ...... ..................... ....................... 00 7 -13-5 ...... PS -2 do............ J.M. Whatley...... 1957 187 ....... 4 S ............. .. ............... ....... .......... ...... 48 -1 ..... PS -3 Immokalee Gas.... do.................. 125 70 1, S .................... ...... ........ .............. 80 40 5-17-58 ...... In -4 Mr.Shirlin ........ D.Buschmann...... 1051 133 ....... 2 S ............... ......... .......................... ....... 47 3-25-59 ...... D

- Mrs.Bethear:....... do........... 1047 00 ,..... 2 S8 ......................... ...... ....... .......... ...... 35 3-27-5 ...... D -6 do o........... do............ 1984 120 ...... 3 8 ................. ....... ............. ............... 70 3-27-50 ...... D -7 do............ do............ 1054 120 ....... 3 8 ....................... ....... ........ ......... ...... 48 3-27-59 ...... D 625-124-1 Florida StateAgricultureMarketing Board............ J.M. Whatloy...... 1050 202 208 6 ...... Land surface....................... -13.5 4- -56 250 ................... .. In -2 J.M.Whatley...... do................. 783 ....... 4 F do....... ... ............ 10.0 3-25-5 100 1,040 3-25-59 ...... In -3 Atlantic CoastLine...................... 1010 500 ....... 6 F Topof6-inchcasing.. 1.5 ...... .0 10-22-40 ....... ....... .......... 70 In 625-123-1 CollierCorp....... .................... 1050 35 24 0 8 ................................ ............. ... ........ ...... ...... Ir -2 , do.......................... . 1050 30 20 0 S ....................... .............. . ..... . ...... ....... ........ ...... Ir -3 USGS............. MillerBros..... 10590 03 284 3 8 Landsurface.... ............. -10.88 7- 8-59...... 38 7-8-50 ...... T025-116-1 do............ B.and D.Well Drillers.......... 1052 54 22 0 8 Topof8-inch casing.. .0 ....... -2.77 6-11-52 ...... 06 0-11-50 ...... T -2 CollierCorp..... . .............. ......... 51 ............. 8 Topcasing.......... .5 ....... - 2.20 6-17-58 500 70 0-17-58 ...... Ir 624-125-1 Collier CountyBoard ofPublicInstruction J.M. Whatley...... 1050 278 218 4 ...... Landsurface......... .0 ....... 4.0 2- -50 ....... 26 3-10-59 ...... PS -2 FloridaForeatSrvice D.Buschmann...... 1058 107 104 4 8 do............. .0 ....... - 3.0 1056 100 24 8-18-59 ...... D -3 Mrs.CarlMoPhail................... .. 154 100 ....... 2 8 ............. ......... .. ......... ......... ....... 08 3-27-50 ...... D 023-128-1 Collier Corp....................... .... ..... 37 ...... . 0' 8 Top of6-inch casing.. . ......... - 3.95 3-16-50 ....... 31 3-16-50 ...... 8 62-13-1 Humble OilCo..... LofflandBros....... 1040 12:210 ........ ..................... . ......... ............. ...................... T Oilexploratory, W-2103 622-126-1 DonLucas......... ........ ....... ... .... ... ... ...... . ............................ ........................ ....... 20 3-10-59 ...... D -2 USG............... MillerBros.......... 159 120 112 2 8 ............................. ...... ........... ... ....... 20 7-14-50 ...... T Chloride sample taken at50-53 footinterval 621-135-1 Collier Corp....... do................. 00 .. 8 8 Top of8-inchcasing.. .5 ...... - 2.35 3-24-50 ....... 34 3-24-59 ...... Ir -2 U8S8S............. do........... 1059 120 120 2 8 Top of2-inchcasing.. .88....... - 2.38 7-24-50 ....... 38 7-24-50 ...... T Chloride sample takenat88-93 -3 SamShaw.......... ......................................... 8 ...... Topof8-inch casing................ ....... .................................... footinterval -4 do........................... .. .... .... ........... 8 ...... do................................ ............................. 621-134-1 Collier Corp ..................... ....... 84 ....... 4 8 Topof8-inchcasing. .55 ...... - 2.74 3-24-50 ....... 4 3-24-5 ...... Ir 621-132-1 do...............,............ ... ..... 115 ....... 8 8 do............. . ..... - 1.68 3-24-50 ....... 85 3-24-50 ...... Ir 621-131-1 do........... ............ ....... ....... 92 ...... 8 8 do....... ............ - 4.30 3-16-50 ....... 51 3-10-59 ...... Ir -2 do......... ........ .......... . ....... 112 ....... 8 8 do............ .5....... - 3.07 3-17-50 ...... 111 3-17-59 ...... Ir -3 do............................. .... 10 ....... 8 8 do............. .0 ....... - 1.74 3-24-59 ...... 57 3-24-50 ..... Ir -4 do.......................... ....... 105 ....... 8 8 do........... ............. ......... . ..................... -5 U808G.............. MillerBros......... 1050 130 123 2 8 ................... ..... ... ......... ......... ....... 44 7-21-50 ...... T 621-180-1 CollierCounty...................... . ....... 82 ...... 8 8 Topof8-inch casing.. .0 ....... - 3.42 3-17-50 ....... 48 3-17-50 ...... Ir 620-135-1 do........... ..... .... .......... ................ 8 8 do.............. . ...... - 1.74 3-23-50 ....... 55 3-23-59 ...... Ir 610-130-1 HumbleOil Co...... DorrisBallow....... 1040 11,000 ...... 20 ....................................... ... ........ ............... ..... T Oilexploratory, W-1885 618-184-1 CollierCorp........ J.M. Whatloy...... ...... 18 ...... 8 8 Topof8-inchcasing.. .05 ....... - 108 3-10-59 ....... 47 3-10-50 ...... Ir -2 do............ do....... .... ...... 31 ....... 8 8 do............. .06...... - 1.38 3-16-50 ...... 34 3-16-50 ...... Ir

---------------------- -- --- -- ------------- --- ___---- -- -- ---- -- --------- ___iTALBN 5, (Continued) Casui Measuringpoint Waterlevel Yield Chloride Above Year Depth Above Eleva. or Ten. Well Owner Driller com- ofwell Aqul- or tion below pers. Use Remarks number pleted (feet) Depth Diam- for below above (-) Date of Gal. Parts Date ture (feet) eter Description land mean meas- measur- lonsper per sampled ('F) (inches) surface sea uring ment minute million (feet) level point (feet) 618-184-3 TonyRosbough..... MillerBros............... 1 ... .... .. 0 8 ............... ............ ... .. ........ 800 56 8-17-50 ...... Ir 618-188-1 do... .......... do....... ... ...... .. 5 ....... 0 .............. . ........... ............... . . 1,000 50 8-17-59 ...... Ir -2 do... ......... do.. ... ...... 1058 25 ....... 0 8 ................... ....... ... ......... . .......... 800 37 3-17-50 ...... Ir 617-140-1 CollierCorp......, CarlMay.......... 158 141 124 , 2 8 ................. .. ... ....... ................ 2,100 12-21-58 ...... T 617-184-1 TonyRosbough... ,, J.M.Whatley..... ....... 875 ....... 0 F Landsurface......... ............ 25.0 0-12-01 250 785 8-16-50 ...... Ir -2 do.. ......... do......... ... .. .. 60 ....... 8 .................... ...... ........ ... .......... 1,000 61 -17-5Ir -3 do..... .... do........ ....... 38 .... 0 8 Topof6inchcasing.. 2.38 ....... - 5.03

-0-50 ....... 71 4-22-59 ...... Ir Equippedwith continuous waterevel recorder 617-182-1 do............ do........... 1058 30 ....... 6 8 do........ ........ ..... ....... ........ 800 43 3-17- ..... I 616-149-1 Mr.Baker....... ......... ver......... 18 50 .... 2 8 . .............. .... ... ... ... ............... 30 12-29-59 ...... D 616-148-1 C.B.Lamberteons... do............ 150 38 ....... 2 8 ........................ ...... 48 1-5-60 ...... D 16-147-1 6-LFarms.......... MillerBros.... .... 1959 30 ..... 2 8 ... 2..................... ................ ..................... D 618

-148 -1 JohnPulling........ do......... .. ..... 05 ....... 8 8 ..................... ....... .... ................ ..... ... . .. ........ . ..... Ir S-2 PalmRiverEstates.. ChisRivers......... 1960 52 42 2 8 .................... ............. .. .............. ... 290 3-2-60 ...... Ir 816-145-1 UBGS8.............. CarlMay.......... 158 58 ....... 2 8 Topofl.inchcasing 3. ....... ....... ................... 275 7-20-58 ...... T

, .1

*616-141-1 USGS .............. CarlMay.......... 1058 51 51 2 S ................................... ................. 87 7-18-58 ...... T Cusing broke at 21foot -2 do............ MillerBros......... 1059 300 232 2 H Landsurface........ . 0 ....... - .59 8-4-59 ....... 1,100 8-3-59 ...... T Chloride sample taken it 230- 240feet 016-136-1 do............ do.......... 1950 130 125 2 S do........... .0 ....... - .39 8-10-50 10 30 8-10-59 ...... T interval 615-149-1 ClaudeGrimm...... ChizRivers......... 10985 60 ....... 2 8 ............. ....... ... . ... .......... ....... 194 12-20-509 ...... D -2, Mr.VanCamp...... do.. ...... ....... 40 ....... 2 S .............. .. ....... ....... .......... ....... 458 12-29-59 ...... D 615-148-1 USGS............ USGS....:......... 1059 11 9 134 S Topof1l-inchcasing 1.33 8.74 - 5.56 1-5-60 ....... 51 11-11-09 ...... 0

- 2.67 8-15-60 ..... ....................... 

### -2 0. L.

Foster....... .,,,.. ........ ....,,...... ....... 2 8 ..................... ....... ....... ........................ 3512-20-59 ...... D S8 Ms.Downing...... ChiaRivers......... 1050 51 42 2 S ..................... ....... ....... ...... ....... 49 12-20-59 .....D -4 R.P.Boyd......... do............ 1955 48 ....... 2 8 .................................. ....... ................. 81 12-20-59 ..... D -5 MyrtleE.Wilkens... do... ....... 1957 35 ....... 2 S ....................... ............................ 14 12-29-59 ...... D .- 6 M r.Kopen......... Sweet..... ....... ....... 56 ....... 2 

### 8

.................... ...... .... .. ....... ......... ....... 17 1-5-60 ...... D -7 M. A.Tropf....... ............ ...... 50....... 2 S ................ .............. . . .......... ...... 64 1-5-60 ...... D



### . -8 EarlCraig ......... ChiaRivers......... 1960 3 2 ......... ........ ....... .... ................. 210 1-5-00 ...... D S -9 do........... do............ 1060 41 ....... 2 8 ..................... ...... .. . ................ ....... 2 1-5-60 ...... D 615-147-1 RalphMay......... do............ 1959 100 ....... 8 8 ..... .... ....... . .. ............. ...... 1,000 314 3-28-60 ...... Ir -2 do............ MillerBros ........ 1959 61 ...... 8 S ...... ............... ... ............... 200 3-28-60 Ir -38 do............ do......... 1959 67 ....... 8 

### 8

.................. . .......... . .......... ....... 30 3-28-60 ..... Ir -4 do ........... do............ 1959 72 ....... 8 8 ......................... ....................... 19 3-20-60 ..... Ir -5 6.L Farms........ . . do......... 1959 45 ....... 8 S ................ ..... ....... ......... .......... ....... 200 3-20-60 ...... Ir -6 do........... do.......... . 1d59o .........

1 59 ... .....8 .... ..................... ....................................... ......... ...... Ir 615-140-1 do........... do............ 1959 65 ....... 8 S ................ ........... ..... . ....... .... ...... ............... ...... Ir -2 do .......... do............ 1059 65 ....... 8 ....................... ................... ................... Ir ' do............ do............ 1950 65 ...... 8 S ..................... ........ .. . ...... ......... ..... .. 100 3-29-60 ...... Ir S -4. JohnPulling........ do

............ 1959 65 ....... 8 8 ..................... ................................. ........ ............. Ir -~ -5 do ........... do............ 1959 70 ....... 8 .......................................... .. ................. Ir S -6 6.LFarms......... do..... ... .. 159 0 ....... 1 19 8 . ...................... ....... ........... ......... . .. .... ... ... ... ............. Ir 615-120-1 CollierCorp....... C.E. Failing Co .... 142 1,100 ....... 4% F ................. . . . . ....... ........ . .... .. .......... 82 T OilExploratory 614-148-1 USGS.............. USGS.............. 1959 11 9 IM S Topofl•-inch easing .5 15.70 - 6.35 3-20-60 ....... 18 11-11-50 ...... 0

- 1.02 8-15-60 014-147-1 DoyleHodges...... CarlMay......... 19058 5 ....... 2 S ................. . .. . ..... ...... ...... . 38 11-13-59 ...... D

, 4TARIa 5, (Continued) Casing Measuring point Water level Yield Chloride Above Year Depth Above Eleva. or Tern. Well Owner Driller conm-ofwell Aqul. or tion below pers. Use Remarki number pleted (feet) Depth Diam- fer below above (-) Date of Gal- Parts Date ture (feet) eter Description land mean meaw. measur. lonsper per sampled ('F) (inches) surface sea uring ment minute million (feet) level point (feet) 614-147-2 USOS............. UBGS.............. 1950 12 0 1% 8 TopofIJ,-luoh casing 0,35 11,5 - 4.32 3-20-60 .. 1... 11-11-80 ...... 0 614-14-1 Coller Corp........ Carl May.......... 1058 115 115 2 8 .. ........... ............ ............. ....... 20 11-18- ...... T Chorida sample takenata 614-057-1 John . Harris...... John S.Harri ...... .. .......... 23 23 ........... ...... .. .... .. ......... D depthof82ft. 614-085-1 do............ do........ ....... . I 11 1 8 ..................... .... . 614-054-1 do... . do......... do.................. 11 .11 1 . .... . .. .. .. . . 613-148-1 CollierCorp........ Carl May.......... 1000 135 128 2 8 Landsurface........ .0 ....... - ,54 8-10-60 ....... 35 8-10-60 ...... T 613-147-1 David Veencehoten.... ....... ...... ....... ................ . .............. ......... ....... 4 11-1-88 .. . D 612-148-1 John Pulling........................ . 1058 78 ...... ...................... ............. .......... 00 18

- 4-0 ..... PS -2 do........... ................. 1958 75 ....... 6 .................... . ........................ 0 44 6- 4-80 .. . PS -3 do............ ... .......... 1958 75 ....... 6 . 8 .......... 00 30 - 4-0 ... PS -4 US8.......... U808.............. 1050 11 0 1 8 Topofl-inch casing 1.7 18.43

- 5.30 3-29-60....... 24 11-11-59 ......

- 2.14 8-15-60 -5 do............ do............ 1059 11 0 1• do.... ........ , 5 10.88

- 5.71 3-29-60 ....... ....... .......... ... . 0

- 1.80 8-15-60 612-147-1 D. H.McBride...... ChiaRivers..... 155 55 50 2 ...... ... . ....... ..... .............. ...... 28 11-13-58 D -2 do............ do........... 1055 40 40 2 S ............. .............. 60 11-13-58 D-3 USGS.............. USGS............. 1980 11 0 1 8 Topof 14.inch casing .55 13.43 - 3.25 1- 5-60 ...... 11-11- ...... 0 tolen

- 4.39 3-20-60 612-146-1 do............ CarlMay.......... 1068 123 10 2 8 ........................... . .. .............. 150 7-29-58 ...... T 612-053-1 JohnS.Harris...... do ........ .... . 75 .......1 .................. ...... . . ... ... ....... .............. ...... D 612-052-1 do.............. .................... 11 11 1 ....................................... ............ .............. D 611-148-1 USGS.............. UBGS............. 1959 11 0 13 8 Top ofl-inch casing 1.5 15.33

- 6,25 12- 3-59 ....... 835 11-12-59 ...... 0 Stolen -b.6.9 1-5-60 S -2 do............ do............ 1959 11 9 1% S do............. .75 15.98 - 7.83 8-29-60 ....... 111 11-12-59 ...... 0

- 3.75 8-15-60 611-147-1 P.H.Gadaden,Jr... BellWellDrilling.... 1058 5 ....... 2 8 ..................... ....... .... ...... .......... ....... 34 6-4-50 ...... D -2 Mr. Conrad......... Chic Rivers......... 1952 45 ....... 2 8 ........ .... ...... ............ ... ........ ....... 46 6- 4-59 ...... D S -3 R.A.Walker....... R.A.Walker....... ............................ .................... ...... ...... ....... ................. 26 6- 4-59 ...... D -4 RobertBurgan... RobertBurgan...... ........ .. . ....... 8 . .................................. ... ... .... ....... 88 6- 4-59 ...... D -5 Hole-in-the-Wall Hartley'sWater GolfCourse..... System......... ....... 60 ....... 2 S .................. ....... .............. ............. ... 54 6- 8-59 ...... PS S '

- ; do.......... . do............ ...... .......2 8 ............... .. ................ ....... ....... ... ....... 24 6-8-59 ...... PS , -7 USGS............. USGS............ 1989 11 0 2 S Top of 1-inch casing .75 11.26

- 439 3-2-60 ...... 34 11-12-60 ...... 0 Deetroyedby S- 1.83 8-15-60 SRD 610-148-1 CollierCorp....... CarlMay......... . 1056 54 51 2 Top of2-inch casing.. .8 ....... - 2.16 8-10-56 75 25 8-16-56 ...... T -2 do.......... do.............do. .. 1956 00 50 2 8 do.............. . . ...... - 6.51 8-16-6 50 ....... ......... ...... T .16 145....... ...... do............. 1.7 8.55 - 9.87 4-28-61 ...... 40 4-28-61 ...... 0

- 5.47 8-15-60 ...... 68 8-15-60 -3 do............ do............ 1956 58 4 2 8 do............. .8 ....... - 5,70 8-17-56 75....................... T -4 do............ do........... 196 00 50 2 S do............. .4 ...... -12.09 8-27-56 ...... 16 8-27-56 ..... T -5 USGS... USG......USG.............. 1959 11 9 1 

### 8 Top of14-inch caing .86 5.44 - 5.03 4-2-61 ....... 60 11-12-50 ..... 0

- 3.04 8-11-61 ...... .. .............. 610-147-1 CityofNaples...... CarlMay.... ..... 1953 0 85 6 8 .................................................. 500 ....... ............... PS -2 do............ do............ 1953 87 77 2 8 .......................... ....... ... .. ...... .......... . .......... ...... PS -3 do.... ....... do............ 10954 .............. 6 8 ................... ... ... ........... ........ ........................ ...... P -4 do............ do............ 1954 50 ......6 8 ..................... .. .................. ........ ...... PS -5 CaribbeanGardens.. do............ 1094 70-75 ...... 0 S8 .............................. ................. ..... 24 8-11-61 ...... PS -6 USGS............. do............ 156 74 73 2 S Landsurface......... .0 ...... - 4.74 3-14-50 .................. ........ T -7 Mrs.LawrenceTlbbett ............................ 40 ...... 2 8 Topof2-inchcasing. 3.18 ....... ................ ....... .......... .... Ir -8 do............ .. .... .......... . ........ 48 ....... 3 Topof3-inchcasing.. .4 ........ ................. ....... 39 1-19-50 ...... Ir

, .TAMEx 

### 5. (Conlinued) 

## ruwing AluauringPointr Waterlevel, V'llf d (1,11111rido Abovey Year Depth I i w Vv.z. walo l ner DYi&lav s - na well Lil.t , uuI, b1aliw perilu. MIN f lwa malbIr pfeted (feet) Depth DiNmu .fr 1ahmw ailve D-) olli&t if Qud. P"we Out turd (free) etti Dee'ipui8un' l a Ih dzl IIumtMnw'M 1 Ir6Wi per per aUmplud (od ) (inches) Burblue usaw Mwi nwua minutibmaillbin (hote), ll ioll Pninh 130-14704 M,LLaw eeMb rtt.................... ........ 42 .. ... o sin& caluun . 51)1 . ...-... ... ,,... 1k, -2 d%_ . ... S.... ............. . I..... .. .. ... ... .. . . . .. . .... .. . .. .. . 

## -ll L1i~MFI~aa.:~ (;"I1I·~......../: ib~Ij151/ · U~ r....... ....... ..... ........ Dr O beft)I.....( Uatfunj Rr31L(W((,... ) o -11 Can7b a u a .,bftn,.. Gat.*11 1Cast Miay w el ofVonft, auDlow. . 1.7733 4.817, &.58 3ý-z-dfll ........ D"(190) i 3 ...... 31.

2 CH5of ...... 6% ... 20 i5 .. 8......5........6............. I2' 3i20'-6 1..... . -22 Minwa... e..165 4 S

. Too?of 4W ouivi1.- ... .... -1 City iofNaple.s. .2.........I $-914191 . M -19 dM.r. G.E. 4we CarMay 9Lc~oiin., . i -W Dil -20 Ca d e........ &I... 19os' G,.o. ;.. 5 S '

-17, d oa...,. I.......... , b 1951 01 K.....( 1 5i 7of6[ ad

Lioaein~l 2. .l,( -8.. l-. OI3( Cbl I'·II.II; 301 V-WI-SOBI II··.·I PS II~tts -21' M. G. PaRnm. CalMa 96 0 K... of7.w 1958.. 11.0.. 2I -MJ 

# K:::: b -3 d.......... e18 17 7 2, 6 W 

### as-0s -il pum5iM6

- GS.......... U011)..... 21 T 6op all% ancarom HAM 2,-9 7 1-3284, 11 S.-2 DL M1iu i...-e ....... -5&.27 5-1111-IS -25 d o.......1...... .1 (t; l% S d ....... t 2,5 ) 1.47 I-4.61) 5-2-15

...,..,..,, U 3-51

. . 

## 3'6718L-D-611i -26 Chibean Gardens.. CurlMasy........... 1061 ;SO-40, 1 7 TOPOfS 44-21-I 7 I 7 inoni l4-Gae. ...... ................ .............61o-u46-r Cityof aples...... CarlM ay.......... 98 96 20 9 2 1 .......... .. ........ ..... .. ........ ..... ..... ...... .. .. ... 7-

- ......... *SMS-2I USGS........ --.. SGS.............. 1081 9 S B S TopfonB afi n 4.ainau.... 2t

.. 2 ........... -9 ..... ,..... ................. D I iquledle wit rameordk 60-148-1 CityofNaples...... JoeMahanc e....... 1949 74 61 4 S 7Tbpo, ffal•taiu i... 1

........... - vw *- -1I 25 ;, s-T-S 7T,) -2 do............. do............ 1980-

- 2 88 

### 4 S dC.ilL....... 5 -....... S...........T.. 22 11 S-T SS -3 LawrnneTi bett... . JeITowunsend ...... 1 0 6O 6 2fl S ...................... ...... ..................... .. .. 5 85 1- e! l -4 Jui aE lesluman... dm........... I980 55 50 2 S ............... .... II......... 

### - l.i - S -5 NpIasBeachCub Ho......................... ............ S190Tp,of 6-cincal an ... ..... .9 ... -S l 1 5$-21-

........... 1: 8- -5 80 i '*-6 d . .. ...... 10..... .............. . 1930 SO ....... S8 d a ................ -1.. ............ - 1.lI -8- i1 . 2..... ....... S - S -7 do............ .................... 1930 63 ....... f S ......... ... ..... .... . .... .... ... ......... ..... ..... ..... - 8;- . . -' B.W.Mo ft........ C hizRivers......... 1950 46 3 ....... S ......... ................. ........................ 5 S-

- S r -9 W.T.Tk sdale..... Aabrey Cooper...... 1951 6 601 2 S ............................................................. 2 928 

### 4 i1 

### & -10 do ........... do........... 195 83 

### S 2 S .............. ... ..... ...... . .. ........ ... i....,............... 9G -a

i-Si r -11I USGS.............. M aerBres ........ 1952 78 62 2 S TpeT '- of•' i aene,,. .. ........... -7. E-,1 •- ........... 4 I- ' ...... -12 Dthner............ ............... 1951 40, ....... I S ......... %.... ...... .... ............ ......- . ........-.......... ..... 3l -20 .. ., , -13 UIISGS................ MIterBro- ........ 195 TI 6Bi i S T3akioS.inb aaicnau .. 2, ..... 42-

......... 5 4-2- SMmBrof....... 1952 71'661nafl gal" 16 2-2S! ........... 6'D -34 Naphs BBeachCInb - 4.2B -111 ...... 1. ' D8u -11--011; S Hone............. J.P. ah•rey ...... l a go 82 8 S .................... .. ....... .......... ................ ... ........................ ... 69-3 -1 CSlrofNapfes ...... dcx........... 1951 83 ....... 4 S TO'pofr b4achiaai. ..... .. $..1

- ti.ll 31i-ill ...... 28.. 6-7-2 ! r-S l -2. dc l ........... doL........... 1951 63 ....... 4 ................ .. .. ........ ................. ... . 8- T-86 20) Es

- d............. ........... 1951 T3 ... . 4 S Up oflacp, . eaoeina . ........ . -t I - T7.1i •8-6i ... 25 Sill ' 8-7 7 I5BES S -4 do ........... d .1........... 9 1 3 ..... 4 S ........... .. . . ..... .. ............ ,................... 3S Tr-3s1 l- ...... 

### S -6 da........... d o............. 95 II

. ....... 3 S ............ . ...... ...... ....... ...... .......... . ........... s.. li ... .. - -.. 2 T - l5< -S da............ d06........... 1949 T7S 65 4 T opi

of s

4•bli hisinig. , ...... I.5 ... -12t.7 8-V-5• ..... 12 7-7- 179) ' S -7 do ........... d o............ 1949 75 ....... 4 S do-1 . .......... 1... .• . ......... - J.8 - ..... ........ ............ .. . -9 

### a........... do............ 1950 

### 4 5 .. 9 ...... . 

### i 4 - do........... do........... 1980 8T. 7 4 S aob .......... 5....... .2(31- ..... di 5 8-TrlS0 S -11 9 o.h .a ... . do.... ...... I n ........ .. .... ..... .. .......... .. ............ ... . .... 22 1... ..... 8 - r-. .l .... I -12 da........... e o............ 19 33 S ........ .... .... . . . .. ... .. S. . . ... . . . , -13 C rnverNeroSchool . J P.Mobu rte...... 1980 9B T 4 S .. I

............. ... ... . ........... .. , I... ............... ....... ..... bi O .. .... -14 W.R. Romer. ..... , JohaPtE i ....... 1951 63 6 60 i l 8 .. ...... ......... . .... ... ....... ..... .... . 25

- ,81 i D -1S J.G.Samptse........ . ................... 945 60 ......... i S BtomEpo ie 6i1 elbirw........

. . 7

. ......... - 3.3,9 - a -Si l ..... ...,...,. ... .. .... -16 do............ JoeM ha rey........ 1945 52 ......... ; 1S e... 1........ . U. ...., - 3.2S 8- -SI ....... 2 4i - 5

- .... 4 -17 d ............ .......... ... ... .... 1949 431 ....... 6; S, o... ...... . i ......... -2.,3 8-5~ 8 . ..... 411 8-S 78; i -1 .. do .......... ......... .................. ... ... Bottomipief ofi

3-inoh Snipp o nelbow. 2... &2

- -56.........-d TAIBL 5, (Continued) Casing Measuringpoint Water level Yield Chloride Above Year Depth Above Eleva- or TerWell Owner Driller corn ofwell Aqui- or tion below per*. Us Remarku number pleted (feet) De th Dism- for below above (-) Dateof Gal. Puts Date ture (feet) eter Description land mean meas- mesur- lons per per sampled (F) (inches) surface sea uring ment minute million (feet) level point (feet) 6-147-1 J.G.. ampl ........................... 1949 62 ....... 8 Topof3.inch nipple on &.inch caing.... 0.7 ....... - 7.21 8-7-51 ....... .. ........... ...... Ir -20 NeapolitanEnterpriase............ ChiRivera......... 1981 63 ....... 3 8 ........................... . ...... .......... ....... 18 8-8-51 78 PS Supplies3homes Ir anda unrsery -21 Rx Lhman...... ......... ........ 1037 72 ....... 2 ............ .. ................... ... .... 18 8- -51 80 D -22 . .Sampl....... JoeMaharrey....... 1949 52 ....... 6 S Bottomlip of6-inch tee............... .3 ...... - 3.31 8-23-51 ....... 43 8-21-51 ...... Ir -23 CityofNaples...... do............. 1051 68 ....... 4 S Topof4-inch caing,....... ........ ......... ................. 10 8-16-51 ...... S1 -24 do........... MillerBrce......... 152 78 63 2 8 Topof2-inch aing.. 2.0 ....... - 4.84 1-10-52 ....... 15 1-10-52 ...... 0 -25 do............ do........... 1952 113 112 2 8 do............ 1.7 ....... -13.91 1-17-52 ....... 448 1-17-52 ...... 0 -26 do........... Bert Dudley........ 13 57 37 6 8 ............................ ...... ..... .. ......... ........ ...... S 609-145-1 NaplesSwamp BuggyAssn......................... 187................................. 17 ............................................... .... ...................... P 60(-143-1 CityofNaples...... C.W.May........ 1958 123 104 2 8 ...................... ....... ................. 1.750 7-17-8 ...... T 60-141-1 do............ do............ 1958 144 80 4 5 ............... ..... ............. ......... ..... 88 8-14-58 ...... T 609-120-1 USG.............. Miller Bros......... 1059 122 82 2 8 ................... .... ..... .................... 15 8-20-59 ..... T 609-115-1 do............ do.......... 1950 485 312 4 F Lndsurface......... ...... 15 16 5-21-61 5 985 -23-50 ...... T Singlewellcon700 587 2% F do............. ....... 15 38 5-21-61 12 1,950 10-8-59 ............ structed to performastwo wells ofdifferentdepths608-148-f LA.Orick......... Chis iers.......... 1949 52 ....... a 8 .................... ......... .. ......... ......... 1. 31 8- -1 S Ir -2 AdMiner.......... AubreyCooper...... 1950 60 ....... 2 8 ............................ ....... ....... .......... ....... 408 9-26-51 80 Ir -3 J.E.Turner........ JeffTownsend...... 1950 42 ....... 2 8 ............................ ....... ....... ............... 21 9-26-51 79 Ir -4 C.J.Summerall.... C.J.Summerall..... 1949 42 ....... 1 8 ................................. ....... ................. 15 9-26-1 ...... Ir -6 L O.Clark......... Aubrey Cooper...... 1950 42 ....... 2 8 ...................................... .......... ....... 14 9-26-51 82 Ir -6 RoyBrack......... do............ 1950 42 2 ...... .................... ...... ......... ................. 113 9-26-1 80 Ir -7 WilliamStorter..... JeffTownsend...... 1949 45 ....... 8 .. ................... ............................. 442 9-26-1 79 Ir -8 .M. McClaskey... Aubrey Cooper...... 1951 40 ....... 1% 8 ................... ....... ..... ...... ................. 242 4-29-2 ...... Ir -9 H.C.Sherier....... do... ......... 1951 42 ....... 1 S 8 ..................... ... ... ....... ................... 17 4-29-M ...... Ir

. -10 L.. Grimes........ do............ 1951 46 ....... 1 8 .................... ......... ............. 118 4-29-52 ...... Ir -11 R.L.Williams...... J.P.Mahrrey...... 1951 ....... ....... 2 8 ........................... ............................ 21 .......... ...... Ir 608-147-1 C.L.Yonze... .... .................... 140 110 ....... 3 8 ................... .......... ................... ....... 22 7-31-46 78 PS -2 CityofNaples...... JoeMaharrey............. 73 66 3 8 Top of3-inchcasing.. 1.81 .............. ............... 43 7-31-46 ...... PS -3 do........ 7 6 4 S ................... .................... . ................... . 43 8- 7-51 79 P8 -4 do............ do ............ ... 4 8 ..................... .. ...... .. .. ...... ....... ................. ....... 25 8-7-51 79 PS -5 do ........... do.......... .. 73 ....... 4 8 ................... ....... ....... ................. ....... 41 8- 7-51 78.5 PS ' , -5 do........... do............ ....... 73 ....... 4 8 ................ .... ....... ...... ...... ......... ....... 41 8-7-14 78.5 PS -6 do............ do................. 3 ....... 4 8 ................................ ................. 25 8-31-46 78 PS -7 JackPrince......... .................... 1930 27 ...... 1 8 .................. .................... .......... ....... 19 8-8-1 79 D -8 NaplesSupply Co... JoeMaharrey....... 1950 70 ....... 3 8 ................................ ....... ................. 45 8- 8-51 8 In -0 JohnPolling.............. ....... 1939 33 ....... 2 8 ...................... .............................. 32 8- 8-51 80 8 -10 Trail EndMotel.... .................. 1981 75 70 4 8 ................... ........... .. ........................ 89 8- 8-51 79 Ir -11 CityIceandFuelCo.................... 1930 73 70 3 .................. ..... ...... ... . ....... ...... ..... ................ In -12 Comb FishCo...... ........................................ 1% 8 ........... ................. ..... ................ 270 8- 9-51 79 In -13 City ceandFuelCo................... 1940 73 ....... 3 8 ............ ....... .................... 167 8- 9-81 78 In -14 do............ .................... 1922 .............. 4 8 Top of4-inchcasing .0 ....... - 3.78 8-9-51 ....... 200 8-9-51 ...... In -15 CityofNaples...... JoeMaharrey....... 1941 66 60 3 8 ..................... ....... ......... ... ............ ................ 0 S -16 do............ do........... 1951 72 60 4 8 ..................... .............. . ...... 16 10-11-51 ...... PS S '-17 do............ do. .......... 1951 81 78 4 8 ................... ............... ...... ....... 31 10-12-51 ...... PS -18 do............ do........... 1951 40 27 6 8 .................. ........... ....... ...... .......... ...... 15 10-12-51 ...... PS S' -19 do. .......... do.......... 1951 76 74 4 8 ................. ......... ..... . ........... 12 8-16-51 ...... PS S -20 BeaShellMotel..... Chi Rivers................ 78 68 4 8 ........................ ...... ...... ............ .... 27 10-17-51 ...... D -21 City ofNaples...... JoeMaharrey....... 1939 540 300 5 F Topof -inchcoupling 1.0 ....... 21.5 1-18-2 ....... 2,180 12-17-1 ...... In Firewell -22 do............ M.........Mi Br......... 1952 70 69 2 8 Topof2-inchcnsing.. 1.6 ....... - 4.28 1-14-52 ....... 27 1-14-52 ...... -23 A.Dimeola......... ChizRiver......... 1049 55 ....... 1 8 ..................... ... . . ..... ........ ........ ....... 145 3-11-52 ..... D -24 CityofNaples...... B.Dudley......... 1953 33 27 6 8 ..................... ...... ....... ......................... ............... PS -25 do........... do.. ........ 1952 22 19 4 8 .................... ...... . ........ ..... .. ....... ......... ..... PS -26 do............ do............ 1952 69 82 4 8 ....................... ............. ......... . ...... 4 6-25-3 ...... PS -27 ClamCanning Plant. ................. . . 63 .. 6 .................... ....... ............. ....... .................... 78 In -28 J.L.Kirk.......... ubreyCooper...... 191 42 ...... 2 8 .......... . ............ 168 8- 9-51 77 Ir 

# : aITA~ra 5, (Continued) ('uiu Measuring point Waterlevel Yield Chloride Above Year Depth Above Eleva. or Temn Well Owner Driller com- ofwell Aqui. or tlon below pers- Use Remarks number pleted (feet) Depth Diam. fer below above (-) Dateof aal. Parts Date ture (feet) eter Description land mean mesa. measur- lons er per sampled (OF) (inches) surface ea uriog ment minute million (feet) level point (feet) 608-4

- C.A. Newell.... .. ............... .. ... 19 3 63 60 2 8 ................................ . ........................ . .. .......... ...... D -2 do................................. 193 3 72 .................. . ....... .... .................... ................ D -3 John Townsend..... ChisRivers......... .... ..... .... .... 8 ................... .................... .... 7 1-16- ..... D -4 C.M.Townsend .... do............ . 00..... 2 8 ........................................... 30 79 1-16-59 ...... D -5 Rev.Walton......... .............. ..... 70 63 2 S .................... .. ....... ....... 70 87 1-16- ...... D -6 AubreyCooper.;;..: AubreyCooper..... ....... 72 72 1 l 8 ..................... ...... . .......... . 127 1-16-59 ..... D -7 do............ do................. 84 54 2 8 ........................ .. . ........... . ....... 54 1-16- .... D 007-148-1 J. .Sample........ J.P.Maharrey...... 1952 325 300 6 F Top ofdischarge pipe 0.0 4.0 18.0 5-21-61 1,000 2,040 2-11-52 ...... Ir Flowingwell 607-147-1 V.L.Belding........................ 1951 245 235 4 8 .................. .... . ....................... 4,400 11-13-51 ...... Ir 607-146-1 TomHamilton...... CarlMay.......... ....... 102 95 2 8 .................. ...... . ....................... 80 1-16-9 ...... D -2 GladesMotel....... do............ ..... 120 105 2 8 ........................... ............................ 11 1-16-59 ...... PS -3 RolandWeeks...... Chi Rivers...... 1958 18 18 2 8 ..................... ....... .... ....... ................ 266 116-5 ...... D

, -4 ThomasWeeks...... CarlMay......... 195 43 43 2 8 ............. ...... .... ..................... 29 1-16-59 ...... D -5 Hampton........... do........... 1955 43 43 2 8 ................. .......... ............... .. ... ....... ................ D '-6 DickTownsend..... do...... . .. 70 ...... 0 ....... 2 8 ............................ ... . . . ...... ... . .. .. ....... ...... D 607-14-1 CollierDevelopment Corp............ do.......... 1958 141 120 2 8 ............... ... ..... ........ ...... 270 11-17-58 ...... T 606-148-1 W.B.Uihlein....... Richard. ......... 1937 470 ....... 6 F ................... ....... ... ................. 1,90 8- 0-51 78 Ir 606-148-1 USG8............ MillerBra......... 195 142 105 2 ........................ ... ...... ......... ................... 80 T606-120-1- Collier Development Corp............. ................ ....... 45 ...... 4 8 ............................ ... .. .............. 6-16-1 ...... 0 Equippedwith recorder 605-148-1 A.Nystrom......... Miller Brc......... 1049 220 213 4 ........................... .... .. .......... ....... 240 1-20-52 ...... Ir 605-144-1 JohnSeekford.......................... 1958 33 ....... 2 S ................... ........ ................. ...... 130 1-2-59 ...... D -2 AlbertAnderson.... ChisRivers......... 1 83 30 2 .............................. ................. 172 1- 2-59 ...... D 605-143-1 JackCannon........ do.......... 1.......... ... 2 8 ............... ... . .......... . .. .......... ...... 92 1- 2-59 ...... D -2 George Nemchik.... do........... 1957 82 32 2 8 ...................... ................ ...... ...... 130 1- 2-59 ...... D -3 TravisBickford do..... .... do2 ............ 197 82 ..... ...... ...................... ....... 174 1- 2-59 ...... D -4 1.0.Edwards...... C.W.May......... 1958 42 38 2 8 ..................... 1.. ...... ....... ... ....... 134 1-2-59 ...... D 04-144-1 CharlesMcCool..... H. .Snowball..... 1958 30 30 2 8 .................... . ................. ....... 80 1-2-59 ...... D Notusedfor drikinag 604-148-1 William French..... do........... 1958 25 2 2 8 .................... ........................... ...... 08 12-31-58 ...... D -2 J.G.Breau......... C.W. May......... 1954 32 32 2 S ..................... .......... ......... ....... 82 12-31-58 ...... D,Ir -3 do......... .... do............ 1953 32 32 2 S .................. ... .... . ....... .......... ....... . ....... ............... D,Ir -4 do............ do............ 1954 22 22 4 8 . .................. .............. .... .......... ...... ....... ............... Ir -5 do.......... . do............ 1954 27 22 4 8 ............. . .... ... .............. .......... ....... 78 12-31-58 ...... Ir -6 J.H. aunt........ do................. 2 20 * 20 6 8 ................... . . .... . ...................... ..................... Ir -7 do............ do................... 30 30 6 S .............. .. ...... .. . ............ ....... 88 12-31-58 ...... Ir -8 ClaudeHunter...... H.R.Snowball..... 1958 84 34 2 8S .................. .. . .. ................... ....... 56 1-2-59 ...... D S603-141-1 L.L.Loach......... C.W. May........ 1958 31 34 2 8 Topof2-inchcasing.. .43....... - 2.45 2-12-59 ....... 220 2-12-59 ...... 0 -2 do............ do........... 1958 34 34 2 8 do............. .2 ....... - 2.33 2-12-59 ...... 314 2-12-59 ...... 0 S -3 do............ do. .......... 1958 30 34 2 S do....... .............. - 2.4 2-12-59 ....... 238 2-12-59 ..... 0 -4 do............ do........... 1958 30 34 2 8 do........... 1.0 ...... - 2.61 2-12-59 ....... 204 2-12-59 ..... 0 S -5 do............ do............ 1958 28 34 4 S Top of4-inchcasing. .97 ...... - 2.87 2-12-59 ....... 156 2-12-59 ...... 0 602-142-1, BarefootWilliams... Chi Rivers......... 1954 16 11 2 8 Top of2-inchtee..... 1.5 ...... - 2.72 12-30-58 ....... 760 2-12-59 ...... D S -2 Carl Puhhbas........ .... ..... ............... ..................... F .................... . ............................. . ........... ...... ..... Flowingwell -3 J.G.Breau......... H.R.Snowball........... 27 27 2 8 ................. ..... .......... ......... ..... ....... 424 12-30-58 ...... Ir 602-141-1 L.Loach......... C.W.May......... 1958 42 38 2 8 ..................... ...... ................ Saltyfrom28 feet downward 559-120-1 USGS............ Miller Broe......... 1959 127 126 2 8 Topof2-inchcasing.. .7 ...... - 1.35 8-17-59 ....... 31 8-14-59 ...... T 558-143-1 G.L.Lowenstein.... Kellog.................... 800- ....... F Topof2-inchvertical 900 tee.............. 2.0 10- 14.5 10-28-40 ....... ................ 70 D *Exactdepthof wellunknown

ccTABI.B 5, (Continued) Cuing Meauring point Waterlevel Yield Chloride Above Year Depth Above Eleva. or Tern. Well Owner Driller com. ofwell Aqul- or tion below pera. Use Remarks number pleted (feet) Depth Diam. for below above (-) Dateof Gal. Parts Date ture (feet) eter Description land mean meas. measur- loneper per sampled ('F) (Inches) surface sea uring ment minute million (feet) level point (feet) 668-148-2 MarooHighland,Iuc,. CarlMay .......... 1057 53 48 2 ..... ..... ... .......... 17,200 0-5-7 .... T Chlorideless than40ppm todepth of20 feet 557-120-1 CollierCorp........ Humble OilCo..... 1052 300 7 ................... . . .... ............... . ....... ......... ...... T LoginCollier County engi necr's filo 850-148-1 ................. .......... .. ... .. ....... ... ....... . . . . ................... 78 ...... ' -2 BarronCollier...... .......... ....... ....... 12 ....... 2 8 Surface.................. ...... - 0.0 10-28-40 .............. ..... 76 D -3 RichardBrooks...... ................. . ..... .... ....... . .. ................. . . .......... ................ 35 5-11-50 ..... D 

### 550-142-1 J.M.Barfield..... MillerBroe........ 1020 200-300 ....... 4 F? ............... ...... .... ... 2,550 10-28-40 78. ..... Flowing -2 Maroo sland8chool. ................. ....... 22 .. ............... . ...... ........... ........ 75 5-11-50 ...... D *200/day ,66-128-1 L.G.Ncrris....... J.M. Whatley...... 109 302 300 4 F Topof4-inchcasing,. 0,5 3 33.5 4-10-50 100 330 4-8-0 78 D Flowing 650-121-1 Lee Tidewater CypressCo....... HumbleOil Co...... ...... 440 ............ F Topof0-inchcasing.. 1.5 ....... 32,0 7-25-40 Flow 2,810 7-25-46 75 A -2 do.......... .. ............... 145 80 15 ........ ..... . . ...... . ...... ...... .... 0 27 7-25-46 77 D 655-142-1 CollierDevelopment Corp............. .................... ....... 13....... 2 S Topofcurbing...... 1.2 ....... -11.4 10-28-40 ....... ..... .......... 78 In -2 J.M.Bareld......................... .... 22 ....... 1 8 .............. ........ .............. 59 10-28-40 ..... D , -8 NaplesConstruction Co............... .................... 199 20 ....... .............. ....... ....... ..... ........... 23 -11-9 .... Ind55-i =t-l .GCoilier DevelUeije ul , SCorp............. Libby andFreeman. ... , . ....... ....... ........ ................... .. ... .... ............... 1,700 12-21-49 ............ Well nevercoriplated -2 do........... HumbleOilCo....... 1940 540 361 7 F Topof3-inchelbow... 2.0 11is 19.2 12-21-49 ....... 4,000 12-21-49 80 Ir -3 KenFogetad........ ...... ... . 14 13.... 2 8.............. ...... ................... ..... .......... ....... 80 12-21-40 ...... D Twowellsin manifold20 -4 CollierDevelopment Topof0-inchvalve feet apart Corp............. Libby and Freeman......... 351 345 0 F flange............. 3. 6.- 21.3 6-20-50 ....... ,800 6-20-50 79 ...... Flowing -5 H. F.Pcttit........ PaulLawrence..... ....... 342 320 3 F Top of 1lJ-inchvalve 4.5 4+ 17.5 0-20-80 ....... 2,250 6-20-50 78.2 ...... do. 54-143-1 U.S.AirForce...... J M.Whatleyand Miller Bros....... 1059 404 851 8 F Topof8-inch casing.. .0 0.0 18.0 4-27-59 600 2,700 4-27-59 ...... In Flowing 854-142-1 Mr. Kice........... Miller................... .................. .... .. . . .. . . . ...... .. ............. 2,080 10-28-40 ............ Abandonedflowing -2 Al Groseman........ do..... ...... ....... 376 ....... 4 F ..................... ... ......... ............. ...... . 2,590 1-19-47 77.5 ...... Flowing S -3 CityofCaxambae ......................... , 7........ .... ... 12x12footcurbing.... .0 20: - 4.7 10-28-40 ....... 70 10-28-40 77 PS S654-140-1 G.B. Patrick.......... .................. 139 1 ....... 3/4 8 ................... ...... ...... .......... ....... 3. 7 10-28-40 80 D -2 do........... ...... ............ . 137 12 ..... . 1 5 .................. . .. .... ...... ........ .... .............. ....... 81 D 5 4-122-1 Collier Development Corp...... ......... ........... .. ..... ..... ..... F Landsurface........ .0 4 34.5 5-20-01 .... 388 -19-0 ...... PS Flowing 854-118-1 RalphBrown...... . O.L.Norman...... . 1939 450 ..... . 6 F ................. ........... .... .. . ...... .. . ...... ....... ....... ............ Flowing' '-2 .do............ FrankNoyes....... 1930 450....... . F ................. ........... . . . .. .... ..... .. . ......... ... .. In do. -3 K.G.Hoy......... Anderson......... 103 440 ......3 F Centerofgage....... 3,5 5.0 34,0 10-29-40 ....... 1,460 10-29-40 72 D do.' -118-1 .A.Griffin........ E.A,Griffin........ 145 14 ....... 2 8 Top ofwell.......... 1.3 ....... - 1.0 6- 4-46 ...... 4,800 11- 2-1 ...... D, In 551-123-1 Lee CountyLight & Maharrey and Power Co........ Norman,.......... 1938 28 370 0 F .................. .... ............. ................. 1,650 9-13-48 ..... In -2 City ofEverglades,, Miller.............. 1027 463 377 F ................ ...... .... .... . ... ..... ..... . 10 -19-60 ...... PS -3 do............ Maharrey and Norman......... 1986 478 407 6 F .................. . .................. ... ......... 360 -19-60 ...... PS -4 do............ ..................... ....... 03 375 8 F ............... ...... .......... ...... ................. 121 10-28-59 ...... PS -5 do........ ................ . .... .. .... ....... 400 ......8 F ................................. ...... . ........ ........ 1,440 193 .... . -6 do.......... MillerBrcs,... .... 1957 612 304 8 F Topofcasing.,..... 2,4 ..... ' 18.4 10- -69 200 885 10- -69 78 In 

### 880-123-1 CityofEverglades,, Maharroyand Norman.......... 1935 803 37 6 F Surface.............. .0 4.0 26.0 0- -61 ...... 240 10-26-90 ...... PS

00 I-TAB.i 5. (Continued) Cluing Meuuring point Water level Yield Chloride Abcve Year Depth Above Eleva. ar Term Well Owner Driller orm.ofwell Aqui- or tion below pert. VU Remarks number pleted (rfeet) Depth Diam- fer below above (-) Dateof Gal- Parts Date ture (feet) eter Description land mean mesa- meuaur. lon per per sampled (' ) (inches) surface sea uring ment minute million (feet) level point S (feet) LA.W.G Logon' i. linCoelir CountyengiSnesrigo"iee 

## '8

-121-1 0.Hamilton....... LibbyandFreeman.. 1049 484 436 5 F Topof incbeaing.. 1.5 ....... 81.5 8-16-49 400 1,250 8-16-49 ...... D -2 Ted BmaUwood..... .................... ....... 456 417 8 F ..................... ...... ....................... 700 8-18-4 ...... D 3 do............ LibbyandFreeman.. 149 47 ....... 4 F ..................... ....... ....... ....................... 950 9-19-4 ...... D -4 CollierCounty..... ................... .. ..... 430 6 ....... F ..................... ........................ ... 400 2-20-7 ...... ......

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