# ,

Monday May 12, 1997



# Part IV



# Department of Energy

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

10 CFR Part 430 Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Furnaces/Boilers, Vented Home Heating Equipment, and Pool Heaters; Final Rule

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### Vol. 62. No. 91 / Monday. May 12. 1997 / Rules and Regulations

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

10 CFR Part 430
[Docket No. EE-RM-93-501]

RIN 1904-AA45

Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Furnaces/Boilers, Vented Home Heating Equipment, and Pool Heaters

AGENCY: Office ofEnergy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Department of Energy.

ACTION: Final rule.

SUMMARY: The Energy Policy and Conservation Act. as amended. requires the Department ofEnergy (DOE orthe Department) to administer an energy conservation program for certain major household appliances and commercial equipment. Among other program elements. the Act requires that standard methods oftesting be prescribed for each covered product. Today's final rule amends the test procedures for furnaces and boilers. vented home heating equipment. and pool heaters.

EFFECTIVE DATE: This rule is effective November 10. 1997. The incorporation by reference ofcertain publications listed in the regulations is approved by the Director ofthe Federal Register as of November 10. 1997.

ADDRESSES: The Department is incorporating by reference test standards from the American SOciety of Heating. Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers. Inc. (ASHRAE) and the American National Standards Institute. Inc. (ANSI). These standards

are listed below:

American National Standards Institute/American SOCiety ofHeating. Refrigerating. and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard 103-1993. "Methods ofTesting for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnaces and Boilers." and American National Standards Institute StandardZ21.56-1994. "Gas-Fired Pool Heaters."

Copies ofthese standards may be viewed at the Department ofEnergy Freedom ofInformation Reading Room. Forrestal Building. Room 1E-190. 1000 Independence Avenue. SW

.. Washington. DC 20585. (202) 586-6020 between the hours of9 a.m. and 4 p.m

.. Mondaythrough Friday. except Federal holidays.

Copies ofthe ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 can be obtained from ASHRAE Publication Sales. 1791 Tullie Circle. NE. Atlanta. GA 30329. (l-800-5-ASHRAE). Copies ofthe ANSI Standard Z21.56-1994 can be obtained from the ANSI. Inc

.. 11 West 42nd Street. New York. N.Y. 10036. (212) 642-4936.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cyrus H. Nasseri. U.S. Department of

Energy. Office ofEnergy EffiCiency and Renewable Energy. Mail Station. EE-43. 1000 Independence Avenue. SW. Washington. D.C. 20585-0121. (202) 586-9142. FAX (202) 586-4617. Eugene Margolis. Esq

.. U.S. Department

ofEnergy. Office ofGeneral Counsel. Mail Station. GCe-72. 1000 Independence Avenue. SW. Washington. D.C. 20585-0103. (202) 586-9507.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Introduction

A. Authority B. Background II. Discussion ofComments

A. Furnaces B. Vented Home Heating Equipment C. Pool Heaters III. Procedural Requirements

A. Review Under the National

Environmental Policy Act of 1969 B. Review Under Executive Order 12866.

"RegulatoryPlanning and Review" C. Review Under the Regulatory Flexibility

Act D. Review Under Executive Order 12612.

"Federalism" E. Review Under Section 32 ofthe Federal

Energy Administration Act of 1974 F. Review Under Executive Order 12630.

"Governmental Actions and Interference With ConstitutionallyProtected Property Rights" G. Review Under the Paperwork Reduction

Act of 1980 H. Review Under Executive Order 12988.

"CivilJustice Reform" I. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act Review J. Review Under Small Business Regulatory

Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996

I. Introduction

A. Authority

Part B ofTitle III ofthe Energy Policy and Conservation Act. Pub. L. 94-163.

as amended by the National Energy Conservation PolicyAct (NECPA) Pub. L. 95-619. the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) of 1987. Pub. L. 100-12. the National Appliance Energy Conservation Amendments of 1988 (NAECA 1988). Pub. L. 100-357 and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT). Pub. L. 102-486. created the Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products other than Automobiles (Program).! The 13

1Part BofTitle III ofthe Energy Policy and Conservation Act. as amended. is referred to in this consumer household products currently subject to this Program (referred to hereinafter as "covered products") include furnaces/boilers. vented home heating eqUipment. and pool heaters. the subjects oftoday's notice.

Under the EPCA. the Program consists essentially ofthree parts: Testing. labeling. and Federal energy

. conservation standards. The Department. in consultation with the National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST). is reqUired to amend or establish newtest procedures

as appropriate for each ofthe covered products. EPCA section 323. 42 U.s.C. 6293. Test procedures appear at 10 CFR part 430. subpart B. The purpose ofthe
test procedures is to produce test results thatmeasure energy efficiency. energy

use. or estimated annual operatingcost ofa covered product during a representative average use cycle or period ofuse. The procedures mustnot be unduly burdensome to conduct. EPCA section 323(b)(3). 42 U.s.C. 6293 (b)(3). A test procedure is not required ifDOE determines by rule that one cannot be developed. EPCA section 323(d)(l). 42 U.S.C. 6293(d)(l).

One hundred and eighty days after a test procedure for a product is adopted.

no manufacturer may representthe
energy consumption of. or the cost of
energy consumed by. the product. except as reflected in tests conducted according to the DOE procedure. EPCA section 323(c)(2). 42 U.s.C. 6293(c)(2). However. the 180-dayperiod referred to in section 323(c)(2) may be extended for
up to an additional 180 days ifthe Secretary determines that the requirements ofsection 323(c)(2) would impose an undue burden. EPCA section 323(c)(3). 42 U.s.C. 6293 (c)(3).

Section 323(e) ofthe Act reqUires DOE to determine to what extent. ifany.

a proposedtest procedure would alter the measured energy efficiency or measured energy use ofany covered product as determined under the existing test procedure. IfDOE determines that an amended test procedure would alter the measured efficiency or measured energy use ofa covered product. DOE is required to amend the related energy conservation standard accordingly. In determining the amended standard. DOE is required
to measure the energy effiCiency or energy use ofrepresentative samples of covered products that minimally complywith the existing standard. The
average effiCiency ofthese representative samples. tested usingthe amended test procedure. constitutes the

final rule as the "Act" orEPCA. Part B ofTitle III is codified at 42 USc. 6291-6309.

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amended standard. EPCA section 323(e)(2), 42 U.S.C. 6293(e)(2).

B. Background

On March 28, 1984, the Department published in the Federal Register a final rule, hereinafterreferred to as the 1984 Final Rule, amendingthe test procedures for furnaces, vented home heating equipment, and unvented home heating equipment. 49 FR 12148. For furnaces, the 1984 Final Rule referenced the ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1982 entitled "Methods ofTestingfor Heating Seasonal Efficiency ofCentral Furnaces and Boilers." In addition, it prescribed furnace test procedures for systems and issues that were not adequately covered by the ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103- 1982. Those included, for example, provisions for modulating and condensing furnaces and boilers. Particularly impacted were units with thermal stack dampers. Other deviations between the 1984 Final Rule and ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1982 relatedto oversize factors, furnaces without draft reliefor direct exhaust system, hot
water boiler minimum return (inlet)
water temperature and minimum water temperature rise, pump delay on boiler controls, an improved method for the determination ofthe S/Ffactor (the ratio ofstack gas mass flow rate to flue gas

mass flow rate) for furnaces and boilers, and the option ofan assignedjacket loss value instead ofactual measurement.

The Department originally published

a test procedure for vented home heating eqUipment on May 2, 1978.43 FR 20182. The Department amended this test procedure in the 1984 Final Rule, to include a simplified vented heatertest procedure for heaters with modulating controls, manually controlled vented heaters, vented heaters eqUipped with thermal stack dampers, and floor furnaces. 49 FR 12169.

The Department published the pool heater test procedure final rule on February 7, 1989, referencing ANSI Standard Z21.56-1986 for gas pool heaters and extendingthe testprocedure
to cover oil-fired pool heaters. 54 FR 6076.

Since 1984, through cooperative efforts with the furnace industry and through the DOE testprocedure waiver
process, DOE has become aware of several additional issues regarding furnace and vented home heating eqUipment test procedures. On August 23, 1993, DOE published in the Federal Register a proposed rule and notice of public hearing, hereinafter referred to as the 1993 Proposed Rule, to amend the furnace, vented home heating eqUipment, and pool heater test procedures to address these issues. 58 FR 44538. A public hearing was held in Washington, DC onJanuary 5,1994.

After reviewing the comments presented at the public hearing on January 5, 1994, and additional written
comments submitted follOWing the public hearing, the Department decided
to reopen the public comment period to solicit additional comments on one subject ofparticular concern to commenters in the 1993 Proposed Rule-the application ofa multiplication factor to the auxiliary electricity consumption ofa fossilfueled appliance. The proposed multiplication factor in the 1993 Proposed Rule consisted ofthe ratio of the electrical "source energy" (the
amount ofenergy used in producingthe electricity consumed bythe appliance)
to the electrical "site energy" (the
amount ofelectricity consumed by the appliance). The multiplication factor

was used in the two proposed new energy descriptors, named Energy Factor (EF) and Annual Efficiency (AE)

, proposed bythe Department to include the auxiliary electrical energy consumption by fossil-fueled appliances.

OnJanuary 20, 1995, the Department published a Federal Register notice, reopeningthe comment period to seek
comments on a revision ofthe proposed definition ofthe multiplication factor. The new proposed definition wasthe ratio ofthe cost ofelectricity to the cost offossil fuel to the consumer. 60 FR 4348. The 30-day public comment periodwas extended by an additional 30 days at the request ofcommenters and was closed on March 21,1995.

Today's notice amends the test procedures for furnaces and boilers, vented home heating eqUipment, and pool heaters as follows:

(1) DOE is amendingthe test procedure for furnaces and boilersfirst,
to incorporate provisions contained in
test procedure waivers granted to different manufacturers from 1985 to 1996 and secondly, to include test procedures for newproduct designs. To accomplishthis, the ANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993 is incorporated by reference into the test procedure, in the place ofANSIIASHRAE 103-1988that

was referenced in the 1993 proposed rule. (See below at II. a. 23. "ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.") This incorporation establishes revised test procedures for the follOWing furnaces and features: Atmospheric furnaces with burner air inlet dampers or flue dampers; thejacketloss measurement for downflow furnaces; and furnaces and boilers employing electromechanical stack dampers with delayed opening and powervented units employing post purge duringthe offcycle. In addition, however, today's notice incorporates into DOE's test procedure provisions that are modifications ofcertain sections of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. Those modifications include the limit

on air circulation blower delay time at burner shut-offfor furnaces with unvarying control on blowerdelay time, deletion ofthe insulation requirement

on the internalvent pipe ofdownflow furnace duringthe cool-down and heatup tests, deletion ofthe requirement for the sealing ofcabinet ventilation openings duringthejacketloss measurement, longer allowed free post purge time for power vented units employing post purge, and input requirement on interrupted ignition device. In addition, today's final rule provides procedures for the calculation ofthe annual fossil fuel and auxiliary electrical energy consumptions.

(2) DOE is amendingthe test procedure for vented home heating eqUipment by, first, includingmodified calculation procedures for the weighted
average steady-state efficiency and Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) for certainmanually-controlled heaters, and secondly, adding a procedure for calculating the annual
energy consumption offossil fuel and auxiliary electrical energy for vented home heatingequipment.

(3) DOE is amending the test procedure for pool heaters by updating the referenced ANSI standard for pool heatersfrom ANSI Z21.56-1986 to ANSI Z21.56-1994. DOE is also adding a procedure for calculating the annual
energy consumption offossil fuel and auxiliary electrical energy for pool heaters and a pool heater heating seasonal efficiency descriptor that takes into account the energy consumption by the pilot light during the standby period ofthe pool heating season.


### II. Discussion ofComments

A. Furnaces

In general, the comments received

were supportive ofthe goals ofthe proposed amendments to incorporate provisions contained in waivers previously granted, to include test procedures for new product designs, and to capture the electrical consumption offurnaces. However, the
comments byvarious organizations presented disagreements with DOE's proposal on the effect ofsome ofthe amendments on the measured AFUE. Additionally, many comments were received onthe proposed formulation of
energy descriptors to capture electrical

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consumption, on both the 1993 Proposed Rule and theJanuary 20, 1995, Federal Register notice.

In its testimony and written statement, the Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association (GAMA) classified the proposed revisions to the
current test procedure contained in the 1993 Proposed Rule into three categories. (GAMA, No.8, at 2),2

The first category comprised changes that GAMA states would not lowerthe measured AFUE ofmost existing furnace and boiler models, including changes to bring the test procedures in line with waivers previously granted. GAMA stated its support for the immediate implementation ofmost of the first category ofchanges.

The second category included changes that GAMA states would lower the measured AFUE ofmost existing furnace and boiler models. Such a change, GAMA claimed, would require the Departmentto amend the furnace and boiler efficiency standards because ofthe impact on existing models that marginallymeet the standard. Accordingto GAMA, this would cause confusion in the marketplace, accustomed as it is to the current standard, a minimum AFUE of78 percent for warm airfurnaces. Additionally, GAMA asserted that a reduction in the measured AFUE would result in manyunits no longer qualifyingfor utility rebate programs that reqUire an AFUE ofat least 80 percent. GAMA stated the viewthat these changeswould place a heavy burden on manufacturers and requested

a delay in the implementation ofthe second category ofchanges until any revised efficiency standards went into effect. GAMA puts the following changes in this category: Revised calculation for the effectiveness of electro-mechanical stack dampers;
powervented systems employingpost purge after burner shut-off; sealing of cabinet ventilation openings during jacketloss test; insulation ofhorizontal mounted external draft diverters; insulation ofthe flue collector box for
power vented units; insulation ofthe internalflue pipe for downflow furnaces during heat-up and cool-down tests; minimum values for the draft factor Dp and DF ; measurement ofwater pump energy consumption; andtest requirement for modulating boilers.

The third category was the addition of the proposed AE energy descriptor.

2 Written comments on the 1993 Proposed Rule

were assigned docket numbers and are numbered consecutively. Comments presented attheJanuary 5, 1994, public hearing are contained in the transcript, GAMA suggested further study on the third category before implementation.

Consolidated Industries, Carrier Corp., and Lennox Industries supported GAMA's statement. (Consolidated, No. 21, at 1; Carrier, No. 12, at 1; and Lennox, Transcript, at 77). Inter-City Products presented the same list of revisions regarding their potential impact on AFUE as GAMA did. Many ofthe other commenters referred to GAMA's classification ofthe three categories ofproposed revisions tothe DOE test procedure in their oral and written statements and these categories

are referred to in the discussion of
comments below.

The following discussion addresses the comments received on the proposed rule.

1. Furnaces and Boilers With Small Air Passage inthe Flue

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE proposed to change the limitingvalue of 10 percent from a flow rate ratio to an

area ratio. Both GAMA and Inter-City Products supportedthe proposed revision, (GAMA, No.8, at 2; and InterCity, No.7, at 4). No other commenters offered comment on this issue. The Department is adoptingthe change in sections 8.2.1.2.2 and 8.3.1.2 ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 in today's final rule.

2. Air Circulation Blower Delay at Burner Ignition

The 1993 Proposed Rule specified a minimum blower delay time of20 seconds during the heat-up test for furnaces designed with non-adjustable, unvarying delay time that is less than 20 seconds. The current furnace test procedure reqUires a 1.5-minute delay between the ignition ofthe burner and the starting ofthe blower. Manufacturers have requested and been granted waivers from this reqUirement because ofan unvarying time delay designed into their specific models. The designed time delay granted in the waivers varied from 20 seconds to 66 seconds among the specific models with 30 seconds as the predominanttime delay. The manufacturers claimed increases in the AFUE value offrom 0.4
to 2.0 percentage points ifthe designed time delays were used in the rating test instead ofthe 1.5 minutes specified in the currenttest procedure. The Department's granting ofthe waivers permittedthose manufacturers to test units with blowers havingunvarying time delay designed into them. In the 1993 Proposed Rule, the Department proposed test procedures to allow testing with an unvaryingtime delay, but also proposed a minimum blower delay time of 20 seconds duringthe heat-up test. This is achieved by bypassingthe electronic control, ifthe designed non-adjustable, unvaryiqg delaytime is less than 20 seconds.

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products opposed the'requirement ofa minimum 20-second delay duringthe heat-up test for furnaces with deSigned, unvarying blowertime delay at burner start-up. Amana Refrigeration, Inc., stated that DOE's reason ofavoiding a cold draft in the occupied zone is an issue of comfort, not energy efficiency, and that DOE should let the competitive marketplace design products that fulfill consumers' desires. (Amana, No.2, at 1). Inter-City Products statedthat DOE should not define what occupant comfort is, and as advances in heat exchanger technology come about, low

mass heat exchanger with very short heat-up characteristics will evolve allowing short on-time delays. Inter-City Products also stated that mandating time delays as to occupant comfort is to prescribe the design ofa furnace and would not necessarily reflect the true operation and efficiency ofcurrent or future furnace designs. (Inter-City, No. 7, at 2), GAMA and York International Corp. gave similar reasons as Inter-City Products for opposingthe 20-second requirement, and stated that DOE is acting outside its authority in factoring occupant comfort into the efficiency test procedure. Furtherthey stated that it is for the marketplace, not DOE, to discourage the sale offurnaces that do
not provide a reasonable level of occupant comfort. In addition, the complexity ofthe electronic controls used in today's furnaces makes it very difficult for a field installer or repairer
to modify an unvarying blower time delay. (GAMA, No.8, at 16; and York, No. 10, at 3.) Carrier Corp. and Consolidated Industries both supported GAMA's statement. (Carrier No. 12, at I; and Consolidated, No.2!' at 1.) Mr. Woodworth stated that comfort should
not be the basis for provisions being included in a laboratory test procedure. Further, he suggestedthat the procedure should be changed to agree with section 9.6.1 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103- 1993, that does not include the 20- second requirement. (Woodworth, No. 20, at 5).

In the current test procedure for furnaces, the 1.5-minute fan delay at burner ignition was specified on the basis ofobtaining a lowoverall cost of combined fossil fuel and auxiliary electrical energy consumption. 3 This

3Unpublished National Bureau ofStandards report, Joseph Chi. "A Note on Effect ofHX Weights

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was balanced with the historically accepted industry practice in furnace operation ofproviding occupant comfort. In grantingthe waiver requests, the Department recognizedthe advances made by manufacturers on lighter weight heat exchanger designs with fanassisted combustion systems over the past decade. These advances permitted

a faster heat-up ofthe heat exchanger and a shorter fan delaytime while still achievingthe desired low overall energy consumption. In the 1993 proposed rule, the Department believed that there is a limit to reducing the weight ofthe heat exchanger and, inturn, a limit to the achievable minimumfan delay time. This is evident from the fan delaytimes in the waiver requests, that were mostly greaterthan or equal to 30 seconds. It is possible, however, that as new material and technology evolve, an even lighter weight heat exchanger with better heat transfer performance will be developed. Such a heat exchanger could result in a faster furnace heat-up and allow a fan delaytime ofless than 20 seconds. The 20-second minimum fan delaytime might become inappropriate for these better-designed furnaces ofthe future. Nevertheless, for furnaces lacking such designs, the Department believes that withoutthe minimum fan delay reqUirement used duringthe test for furnaces with non-adjustable, unvarying fan delay control, a manufacturer could simply modify the furnace's electronic control without any resulting improvement in its heat transfer performance. Thus, the manufacturer would obtain a higher AFUE value. The Department assumes that consideration ofconsumer satisfaction inthe long term will preventthat practice.

Based on the above reasons, the Department has decided to drop the proposed requirement ofa 20-second minimumfan delay for furnaces designed with a non-adjustable, unvarying blowertime delay duringthe heat-up test. Instead, DOE is adopting the procedure speCified in section 9.6.1 ofANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993 in today's final rule.

3. Air Circulation Blower Delay at Burner Shut-off

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE proposed a modification to the ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1988version of the procedure now speCified in section 9.5.l.2.2 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. The modification reqUires that a furnace, ifdesigned with an unvarying time delay that does not

on annual performance and cost ofOperation ofa furnace," February, 1978. provide the same blower delay time that is specified for units with adjustable blower control, shall be tested with the blower control bypassed, and the blower manually controlledto give the delay time specified during the cool-down
test. This delaytime is three minutes for non-condensing, or l.5 minutes for condensingfurnaces, or 40°F temperature difference, whichever gives the longer time delay.

Duringthe cool-down test, the extant test procedure allows a delay in blower shut-offofthree minutes (l.5 minutes for condensing furnaces) or until the supply airtemperature drops to a value of40°F above the inlet air temperature, whichever gives the longer time delay. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 provided an additional exception (section 9.5,l.2.2) that for a furnace without adjustable fan control, the delay shall be as designed.

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products,

as well as othercommenters, expressed oppositionto the specified maximum time delays for blowers with unvarying time delay in the proposed test procedure duringthe cool-down test. Inter-City Products stated that older or heavier mass heatexchangers may reqUire more thanthree minutes ofcooldown time. They gave the same reasons

as given in Inter-City Products'
comments against blowertime delay at burner ignition in opposingthe use of occupant comfort as the criterion in determiningthe maximum allowable time delay. (Inter-City, No.7, at 2). GAMA gave similar reasons as Inter-City Products in opposing the requirement with respect to high mass heat exchangers. Further, they gave the same

reasons as given in GAMA's comments against blower time delay at burner ignition in opposing the use ofoccupant comfort as a criterion in the test procedure. GAMA also pointed outthe difficulty ofadjusting an unvarying electronic time delay control in the field. (GAMA, No.8, at 16). York International gave similar reasons as GAMA. (York International, No. 10, at 3). Carrier Corp. and Consolidated Industries both supported GAMA's
statement. (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; and Consolidated, No. 21, at 1). The California Energy Commission (CEC) pointed out thatthe wording in section 8.4 ofappendiX N inthe 1993 Proposed Rule is misleading. It stated that the time delay criterion of40°F temperature difference between supply air and
return airfor units with adjustable fan control can be interpreted as not applying to condensing furnaces. Also, the time to reach the 40°F differential after burner shut-offmay be shorterthan three minutes, resulting in both a cold draft and a higherrating that fail to achieve a reasonable level ofoccupant comfort. (CEC, No. 25, at 1),

In the current test procedure for furnaces, the reqUirement for maximum fan delay time after burner shut-offwas specified onthe basis ofobtaining an overall low cost ofcombined fossil fuel and auxiliary electrical energy consumption balanced with the historically accepted industry practice in furnace operation to provide occupant comfort. The after burner shutoffis defined as three minutes, or l.5 minutes for condensing furnaces, after the burner shuts off, or until the supply airtemperature drops to a value of40°F above the inlet airtemperature, whichever gives a longer fan-on time. The Department recognized the heat capacity ofa heavier mass heat exchanger in retaining a greater amount ofheat energy. This is evidenced by the specification in the existingtest procedure ofeitherthree minutes (1.5 minutes for condensingfurnaces) or 40°F differential in plenumto return air temperature, whichever gives a longer fan-on time. The removal ofthe maximum fan-on time reqUirement could encourage some manufacturers to lengthen the fan-on time after burner shutoffwithout an accompanying improvement in furnace design. The manufacturers could do this by simply changing the electronics in the controller. Those furnaces would be able to obtain a slightlyhigher calculated AFUE by using a lower flue
gas temperature measured at nine minutes after burner shut-offwhenthe fan runs longer. Those furnaces however, would actually be consuming greater electrical energythan the savings in fossil fuel. This would be contrary to the intentofEPCA to reduce the nation's overall energy consumption.

Based on the reasons given above, and the fact that the proposed provision does not affect the rating ofany existing furnaces, today's final rule prescribes the maximum blowerdelaytime criterion specified in the 1993 Proposed Rule. This specification is for a furnace designed with an unvarying blowertime delay duringthe cool-down test in today's final rule.

With respect to the comment bythe CEC, the Department agrees that the wording in the 1993 Proposed Rule is misleading. In today's rule, therefore, the wording ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, section 9.5.l.2.1, which includes the 40°F temperature difference for condensing furnaces, is adopted instead. CEC also commented that for certain furnaces the 40°F temperature differential could be reached in less thanthree minutes and

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thus creating a possible cold draft. The blower time delay criterion is prescribed for blowers with adjustable time delay control in the current furnace test procedure. Changing the criterion would reqUire the retesting ofmany existing furnaces. Also, the criterion

was agreed to by consensus ofthe ASHRAE Standard Project Committee (SPC) 103 and specified in ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. The Department sees no reason to change that criterion presently.

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, the Department also speCified an exception
to the delaytime reqUirement for furnaces that employ a single motorto drive a powerburner and the air circulation blower. In that case, the
power burner and the blower wouldbe stoppedtogether. The currenttest procedure includes this exception of simultaneous startlstop operations during both the heat-up and the cooldown tests. ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 speCifically includes this exception in the heat-up testbut it is not specified in the section for the cooldown test. The Department considered it to be only an inadvertent omission in ANSI/ASHRAEStandard 103-1993. There was no commentreceived on this issue, and the Department is specifying, in today's final rule, the modification to ANSI/ASHRAEStandard 103-1993. The Department specifies that ifa single
motor drives a power burner and the air circulating blower, the power burner and the blower shall be stopped together duringthe cool-down test.

4. Burner Box Inlet Damper and Flue Damper

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products supportedthe proposal to include a tracer gas test method for atmospheric furnaces with inlet orflue dampers. (GAMA, No.8, at 2; and Inter-City, No. 7, at 4). There were no other comments

on this issue. The Department has included this provision in today's final rule.

5. Jacket Loss Test for Downflow Furnaces

The proposal in the 1993 Proposed Rule to include ajacket loss test for downflowfurnaces was supported by both GAMA and Inter-City Products. (GAMA, No.8, at 2; and Inter-City, No. 7, at 4). These were the only comments

on this issue. The Department is adoptingthe proposedjacket loss test procedure for downflowfurnaces as speCified in ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 referenced in today's final rule. 6. Blower Compartment Heat Loss DuringJacket Loss Test

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products supportedthe proposal inthe 1993 Proposed Rule to excludethe surface

area ofthe blower compartment in the jacketloss test. The CEC believed that the blower compartment should not be considered as part ofthe duct system andthatthe heat loss through the blower compartment should be measured in thejacketloss test. It stated that ifthe blower compartment is considered as the duct system, then the insulation reqUirement for duct systems in buildingcodes will apply to the compartment. The CEC believed that this is not presently done to the furnace cabinet inthe field and, in addition, manufacturers and others may recommend against the insulation ofthe cabinet. (CEC, No. 25, at 2).

The Departmentbelieves that for most furnaces, the blower compartment is in the return air side ofthe cabinet. The surface temperature ofthe blower compartmentwill be nearly the same as the air temperature aroundthe compartment, and the heat loss from that surface to the testroom air will be negligible. The added burden of instrumentingthe blower compartment surface with thermocouples is not justified. The Department is therefore
not adoptingthe CEC's suggestion of requiring some mechanism for measuringthe heat loss from the blower compartment. The Department is adoptingthe proVision ofexcludingthe surface area ofthe blower compartment inthejacketloss test as specified inthe ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 referenced in today's final rule.

7. Revised PipingArrangement for Hot Water Boilers

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products supported the proposal in the 1993 Proposed Rule for a revised piping arrangementfor hot waterboilers. (GAMA, No.8, at 2; and Inter-City, No. 7, at 4). Thiswas the only comment on this issue. The Department has adopted this provision as specified in ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, which is referenced in today's final rule.

8. Maintaining ofDraft During Off-Cycle

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products supported the proposal to maintain draft during off-cycle for onlythose oil-fueled

orpowergas burner furnaces that employ barometric dampers for draft control. (GAMA, No.8, at 2; and InterCity, No.7, at 4). This was the only
comment on this issue. The Department has adopted this provision as specified in ANSI/ASHRAEStandard 103-1993, which is referenced in today's final rule.

9. Tests Requirement for Modulating Units

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE proposed to correct the following discrepancy between the current DOE
test procedure and ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1988, which DOE proposed to reference. The current DOE
test procedure requires that for step modulating units, the steady-state efficiency test shall be conducted at boththe maximum and the reduced input rates. The ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1988 reqUired the above
tests at the reduced rate only. The 1993 Proposed Rule made clear that DOE would continue to require testing at both rates.

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products supported the proposal for testing modulating furnaces. GAMA putthe proposed correction to ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1988 for testing modulating boilers into the category of proposals onwhich it asked for delay in implementation until revised efficiency standards are adopted. (GAMA, No.8, at 4; and Inter-City, No.7, at 4). Carrier Corp. and Consolidated Industries both supported GAMA's position. (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; and Consolidated, No.2!'
at 1). The Department does not agree with the comments that the correction is

a revision to the existingDOE test procedure for modulating boilers. Such

a test is already included. Specifically, the conditions (at rated input orreduced input) under which heat-up and cooldown tests are to be conducted are already specified inthe current DOE test procedure. (See sections 3.1, 3.2, 3.4, and 4.5 ofappendix N to subpart B of part 430.) The proposed clarification for the optional tracer gas test at rated input

or at a reduced input rate is to make certain thatthe resulting measured draft factor Dp value(s) would be consistent withthe other measured quantities when they are combined in the calculation procedure for the off-cycle losses. The Department believes that this clarification will have either no effect, or negligible effect on an insignificant number ofunits.

Such a requirement was not clearly stated in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103- 1988, but in DOE's view it was implicit in that standard. The Department proposed this provision inthe 1993 Proposed Rule onlyto clarify the language in the then-referenced ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1988. The Department has therefore adopted this provision as specified in ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993; which is referenced in today's final rule.

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10. On-Cycle Time Constant and OffCycle Time Constant

Both GAMA and Inter-City Products supported the proposal for the on-cycle time constant and off-cycle time
constant. (GAMA, No.8, at 2; and InterCity, No.7, at 4). The Department has adoptedthis provision as specified in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, which is referenced in today's final rule.

11. Multiplication Factorfor Jacket Loss for Finned Tube Boilers for Isolated Combustion System (ICS)

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE proposed to use the multiplication factor ofCj=0.50. Both GAMA and InterCity Products supported the proposal for the value ofthe multiplication factor forjacketloss for finned tube boilers. (GAMA, No.8, at 3; and Inter-City, No. 7, at 4). The Department has adopted this provision as specified in ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, which is referenced in today's final rule.

12. Calculation Procedure for ElectroMechanical Stack Dampers

GAMA commented thatthe proposed calculation procedure for evaluating the effectiveness ofa stack damper would reduce the measured AFUE ofboth furnaces and boilers. (GAMA, No.8, at 3). GAMA believes that the proposed changes would affect the efficiency rating ofexisting warm airfurnaces.

In the case ofwarm airfurnaces, the Department has considered the
comment and disagrees with the
statementthatthe proposed changes would affect the efficiency rating of existingwarm air furnaces. Referring to Table 6, System Numbers, and sections 11.2.9.18, 11.2.10.3 and 11.2.10.4 of ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1993, a stack damper's operation has no effect on a

warm air furnace installed as an Isolated Combustion System (ICS) No.9 or 10. Because the existing non-weatherized

warm air furnaces are rated as ICS systems, the problems cited by GAMA do not apply to existing furnaces. Also, because any direct vent system is defined as system No.9 or 10, the problems likewise would not apply to direct vent systems such as those used for most mobile home furnaces.

In the case ofboilers, which are installed indoors and rated as indoor systems, the effect ofthe revisions on the measured AFUE would be very small. For most existing boilersthe stack damper closes within 30 seconds after the main burner is shut off, and the effect will be on the order of0.1 percentage-point change in AFUE. The effect is therefore negligible for any stack damper that is completely closed within the 30-second interval. The effect, however, could be large ifthe damper closing time delay were to be extended for a long period. Such an extension would take advantage ofthe deficiency in the currentprocedure, where the damper is assumedto close instantaneously after the burner shutoff. The Department has therefore, adopted the revision as proposed in the 1993 Proposed Rule (and as included in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993) in today's final rule.

13. Power Vented Systems Employing Post Purge After Burner Shut-Off

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, the maximum free post purge time was specifiedto be five seconds for both gasand oil-fired furnaces and boilers. There

were seven comments on this proposal. GAMA stated thatthe proposed maximum free post purge time would significantly reduce the measured AFUE ofmost existing models, and require DOE to amend the NAECA furnace and boiler efficiency standards for existing models that marginally meet the current minimum standard of78 percent AFUE for furnaces and 80 percent for boilers. (GAMA, No.8, at 4). Carrier Corp., Consolidated Industries, and Lennox Industries all supported GAMA's position. (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; Consolidated, No. 21. at 1; and Lennox, Transcript, at 77).

Inter-City Products requested thatthe implementation ofthis and other category 2 revisions be postponed to a future rulemaking, coordinated with implementation ofamendments to furnace minimum efficiency standards. To support its request, Inter-City Products commented that DOE needs to lower the minimum standard on marginal units to correspond to changes in test procedure measurements, and address the problem associated with the utility rebate program. Inter-City Products further stated that for the manufacturers to modify these models, such thatthey attain the 80 percent AFUE value, the redesigned equipment
may operate in the condensingregion that can affect performance, reliability, and life ofboth the equipment and the associated vent system. (Inter-City, No. 7, at 3).

Energy Kinetics, Inc. commentedthat the proposed revision does not cover systems eqUipped with a powerburner and a draft inducer. Energy Kinetics stated that the off-cycle flue gas flow
rate with onlythe inducer on, but not the power burner, is significantly reduced from the on-cycle flow rate. According to Energy Kinetics, since the proposed revision in the 1993 Proposed Rule usesthe on-cycle flue gas volume flow rate as a base to computethe flue loss duringthe post purge period, the loss will be higher than it should be. Energy Kinetics suggests that a tracer gas option be allowed for this type of system. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 6).

The independent commenter, Mr. John Woodworth asserted that, based on research conducted at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the post-purge provisions are not accurate for oil-fired furnaces and boilers with relatively long post purge-periods. He reasons that, to reduce the test burden on manufacturers, the provisions assume a linearly decreasingflue gas temperature between the beginning and the end of the post purge period. Thus,
measurements at onlytwo points are reqUired inthe calculation. According
to Mr. Woodworth, this assumption ofa linearly varyingtemperature is valid only for a limited interval, since the temperature will eventually level offto nearly ambient conditions over a long
purge period. Mr. Woodworth recommends that DOE adoptthe provisions ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 which limitthe post purge period duringthe test to 180 seconds. (Woodworth, No. 20, at 4).

The Department believes that the use ofa post purge in power vented units duringthe off-cycle, when longer than
necessary, is a waste ofenergy because

a forced purge increases the loss ofthe residue heat in the furnace or boiler through the vent system. A forced purge is the forced combustion air flow through the heat exchanger. Given the deficiencies in the existingtest procedure described in the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE is aware thatthe
currentprocedure could encourage a manufacturerto use a long post purge period to obtain a higher calculated AFUE rating while actually wasting

more energy throughthe vent system. Tests conducted at NIST on a gas furnace with an induced draft combustion blower showed that increasingthe postpurge interval increased the flue loss, but the calculated AFUE based on current test procedure showed an increase in value. The discrepancy between the AFUE based on the current calculation procedure, and on the proposed calculation procedure, becomes progressively greater with an increasing post purge period. The difference was 0.9 percentage points with 30 seconds post purge and increased to 4.5 percentage points with 180 seconds post purge. Yet the calculated AFUE based

on the current test procedure showed a gain (from the condition ofnopost purge) ofabout 0.2 percentage points at 30 seconds post purge to nearly 1.0

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percentage point at 180 seconds post purge.

Data gathered indicated that the six major control manufacturers surveyed all have post purge timing of 30 seconds

or less on their post purge control equipment. The data was gathered by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) for DOE regarding the current practice ofthe furnace industry. The survey showed that ifthe free post purge time is extended from five seconds, as proposed inthe 1993 Proposed Rule, to 30 seconds before the post purge calculation method is required, most ofthe existingfurnace and boiler models that employpost purge will be treated as ifthere is no post purge. With post purge timing of30 seconds, no retesting or re-rating will be required and no reduction in AFUE will result for those existing furnaces and boiler models.

Based on the above reasons, DOE is changingthe maximum free post purge time offive seconds in the 1993 Proposed Rule to 30 seconds. That is, only units with post purge time longer than 30 seconds shall be tested bythe prescribed post purge test procedure. Further, units with post purge periods ofless than or equal to 30 seconds shall be tested without the postpurge test procedure. The Department agrees with the commenters that ifthe maximum free post purge time is limited to the proposed five seconds, some existing furnace and boiler models that employ post purge time between five and thirty seconds would have to be retested. The Department acts todayto limitthe burden on the manufacturers of retestingthose models and the possibility oflower AFUE ratings. The Department is prescribing, intoday's final rule, the modified free post purge period of 30 seconds as the criterion for applyingthe revised test and calculation procedures for units that employ post purge after burner shut off.

DOE believes, however, that with this exception, where the maximumfree post purge time is thirty seconds, additional energy is being lostthrough the venting system by the combustion blower. The Department will continue
to examine this subject and may consider later implementation ofthe original five second criterion, which is based on the technicaljudgement ofthe ASHRAE Standard Project Committee (SPC) that developed ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.

Secondly, onthe issue ofoil-fired furnaces and boilers that have purge periods greater than three minutes, the Department acts to limit the post purge time to 180 seconds during the rating
test as suggested by commenter Mr. John Woodworth. Ifthe designed postpurge time is longer than 180 seconds, the blower control is to be bypassed and the blower manually turned offduringthe cool-down test. This provision is specified in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, which is referenced in today's final rule.

The comment by Energy Kinetics on the difference in the flue gas flow rate between the on-cycle (power burner and inducer on) and off-cycle (only inducer

on during postpurge) on oil-fired boilers, ifthe draft inducer is an integral part ofthe boiler supplied bythe manufacturer, would reqUire additional study. Therefore, this type ofboiler is
not covered by today's final rule. The Department will continue to solicit additional data onthe on-cycle and offcycle operations ofthis type ofboilers, and will issue a revision to the test procedure at a future time.

14. Sealing ofVentilation Openings DuringJacket Loss Test

The 1993 Proposed Rule would reqUire conductingthejacket loss test with the ventilation openings sealed. There were six comments on this issue. GAMA provided datafrom tests recently conducted at the ETL Testing Laboratories ofthe Inchcape Testing Services (ETL). This data showed that for four furnace models tested for sealingthe ventilation openings in jacketloss test, the percentage point reductions in AFUE were 1.0,0.5,0.7 and 0.1 for models currently rated at AFUE of78.7 percent, 80.0 percent, 80.0 percent and 78.0 percent, respectively. Thus, two models would be below the 78 percent minimum andtwo models would be belowthe 80 percent rebate criteria iftested pursuant to the proposed revision. (GAMA, No.8, at 4 and A-I). Carrier Corp., Consolidated Industries, and Lennox Industries all supported GAMA's pOSition (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; Consolidated, No. 21, at 1; and Lennox, Transcript, at 77). InterCity Products made several assertions

on this issue. First, it stated that sealing ventilation openings could potentially reduce AFUE by 0.3-0.5 percent. Second, it stated that an attempt to determine which louver openings are for ventilation air egress and which are for intake cooling air would be a timeconsuming and subjective test procedure. Third, the company claimed that a louver acting as ventilation air intake in one operatingmode may be an exhaust louver in another. Fourth, it asserted that additional test time in development, agency certification, and independent effiCiency audits (by ETL) would increase manufacturers' costs substantially. Finally, according to Inter-City, the revised procedure would lowerthe baseline efficiencies of equipment currently at 78 percent. (Inter-City, No.7, at 2). The CEC suggested that air leakage duringthe jacketloss test from anypart ofthe furnace cabinet should representthe performance ofthe product as installed in the field. Anyjoints, holes, or other openings should remain as shipped by the manufacturer and should not be taped or sealed for the test. (CEC, No. 25, at 2).

Today's final rule does not include the sealingoffurnace cabinet ventilation openings duringthejacket loss test, and the sealingreqUirement specified in section 8.6.1.1 ofthe referenced ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 has not been included in today's rule. Upon review, the Department considers that sealing ofthe ventilation openings will result in a

more accurate measure ofthe combined effects ofconduction and radiation heat loss. This is the heat loss from the cabinet surface to the test room surroundings and the convective cooling ofthe airflow into and out ofthe
spaces adjacent to the inside surfaces of thejacket. The Department, however, has decided not to incorporate this provision intotoday's final rule. This is because the Department sees some merit in the objections offered by commenters with respect to test time, retesting and re-rating all the currently rated furnace units and the associated costs, reduction in currently marginal AFUE ratings, and the difficulty in objectively determining the most effective openings to seal. DOE will continue to examine this subject and may consider implementation ofthe provision at a later date.

15. Insulation Requirement for Units With Draft Diverter

The 1993 Proposed Rule would require insulation for units with a draft diverter, when testing furnaces with exposed diverters. There were three
comments on this issue. GAMA objected
to its immediate implementation. In addition, GAMA provided data from
tests recently conducted at ETL. This data showed that, for two furnace models with integral draft diverters tested with insulation added to the draft diverter, the percentage point reductions in AFUE were 0.3 and 0.4 for thetwo models currently rated atAFUE of78.0 percent. Theywould be below the 78 percent minimum standard if tested in accordance with the proposed revision. (GAMA. No.8, at 4 and A-2). Carrier Corp. and Consolidated Industries both supported GAMA's position. (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; Consolidated, No. 21, at 1).

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As described in the 1993 Proposed Rule on this issue, the ETL statedthat it insulates the exposed diverters (in horizontal furnaces) when testing furnaces with exposed diverters. (April 30, 1991, letterfrom ETL to NIST). Therefore, the rated AFUE values for horizontal furnaces with exposed integral draft diverters in GAMA's Efficiency Certification Directory were tested with the proposed insulation in place. This means thatthe existing furnaces have already been tested accordingto the proposed provision and found to meetthe minimum efficiency standard. Thus, no retesting orre-rating is required.

The Department therefore is not accepting GAMA's request thatthis provision be omitted from the final rule, and instead has adopted this provision

as specified in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, which is referenced in today's final rule.

16. Insulation Requirement for Flue Collector Box

In the 1993 ProposedRule, DOE called for the insulation ofthe flue collector box. Numerous comments

were received on this issue. Specifically, Inter-City Products requested that theimplementation of this provision be postponed to a later date. Inter-City Products cited the reduced AFUE ofexisting marginal units, that would require DOE to reduce the minimum standard, and the criterion ofthe 80 percent AFUE bythe utility rebate program in support ofthe request. (Inter-City, No.7, at 1). InterCity Products suggested that the flue collectorbox on eqUipment with draft inducers is significantly smaller in area than the sheet metal involved in an integral draft diverter, so losses are consequently less. Inter-City Products estimated that this provision would have an impact ofloweringthe efficiency by 0.3-0.4 percent in AFUE. Inter-City Products also believed that the requirement ofinsulatingthe collectorbox during the cool-down and heat-up tests, but not duringthejacket loss test, constitutes "double dipping." This is because any loss in heat from the collector box would be accountedfor twice-first, as a reduced efficiency from a higher flue gas temperature duringthe cool-down and heat-up tests (cyclic test) due to the insulation requirement, and second, as a larger measuredjacket loss because the insulation is not applied duringthe steady-statejacket loss test.

GAMA put this issue in its second category ofproposed changes in the 1993 Proposed Rule and objected to its immediate implementation. In addition, GAMA provided data from tests recently conducted at ETL to show that for eleven furnace models tested for insulation ofthe exposed flue collector box, the percentage point reductions in AFUE ranged from 0.5 to 2.8 for models currently rated at AFUE of78.0 percent to 80.2 percent. Seven models will be below the 78 percent minimum and five models will be belowthe 80 percent rebate criterion, iftested in accordance with the proposedrevision. (GAMA, No. 8, at 4 and A-2). Carrier Corp., Consolidated Industries, and Lennox Industries all supported GAMA's position (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; Consolidated, No. 21, at 1; and Lennox, Transcript, at 77).

Energy Kinetics, Inc. commented that in additionto the cool-down and heatup tests, the flue collector box shouldbe insulatedfor the steady-state portion of the test also. It believed that withoutthe insulation, the measured steady state effiCiency is higher dueto a lower measured flue gas temperature than that measured with the insulation. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 6).

The commenters are not correct in classifying the proposed reqUirement of insulatingthe flue collectorbox on induced draft orforced draft units as a revision ofthe furnace test procedure. This reqUirement is already specified in the currenttest procedure, and has been in the DOE test procedure since 1980. Compliance with this requirement is demonstrated by a waiverrequest that

was denied by DOE. This request was from the Carrier Corporation in 1980 for

an exemption from the requirement of insulatingthe "flue collector and inducer housing" on its induced draft
gas furnace. 76 FR 22799, April 21, 1981. The currenttest procedure cited at section 3.0-Test procedure, of appendix N to subpart B ofpart 430, 56 FR 12159, March 28, 1984 references section 9 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1982 as the pertinenttest procedure. In ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1982, the requirement ofsection 9.l.1.6 specifies 

### ,,* * * cover the draft diverter and flue gas collector box (on

a powervented unit) with insulation having an R value no less than 7. 

### * * *" Therefore, the provision is not a

newreqUirement and should reqUire no retesting or re-rating ofany existing gasfired, power vented units. The specification in the 1993 Proposed Rule

was to: (1) Combine the reqUirement with the language in section 9.l.4 of ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1988 that does not specifically include the language for a powervented unit in the insulation reqUirement, as was done in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1982, and (2) include any units that employ a power burner. The reqUirement is now specifically included in sections 7.2.2.2, 7.3.2.2, and 9.1.4, ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.

DOE has reviewed the comments by Inter-City Products on "double dipping," and by Energy Kinetics on the steady state effiCiency being overstated due to an un-insulated flue gas collector box. Thejacketloss and the steady state efficiency are measured without the insulation on the flue gas collector box because these conditions exist in practice. The reason for insulatingthe flue gas collector box duringthe transient cool-down and heat-up tests is
to obtain a measured flue gas temperature as close as possible to its
true value when the flue gas first exits from the heat exchanger. This allows a better calculation ofthe off-cycle flow throughthe heat exchanger. In the original development ofthe flue loss methodology, an assumption was made

onthe flue gas temperature variation duringthe transient condition ofcooldown and heat-up. This assumption was based on the value ofa flue gas temperature exitingthe heat exchanger,
not on a loweredvalue measured some distance away. This transient gas temperature variation has never been used in the calculation forjacketloss and steady state efficiency.

DOE has adoptedthis provision as specified in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, which is referenced in today's final rule. This action is taken for the reasons described above, and because this is not a new reqUirement for gas-fired units and no comments

were received opposingthe requirement for insulation ofthe flue gas collector box on oil-fired units.

17. Insulation Requirement for Downflow Furnaces

DOE proposed an insulation provision that specifies that duringthe cool-down and heat-up tests, the internal section of the vent pipe is to be insulated to an R value ofnot less than 7 ft Lh-oF!Btu. GAMA and Inter-City Products both expressed their opposition to the insulation reqUirement. They claim that the insulation reqUirement will reduce the AFUE value ofcurrentlyrated units, requiring the possible lowering ofthe minimum standard on marginal units and affecting the utility rebate program. GAMA provided data from tests recently conducted at ETL to showthatfor twelve furnace models tested with insulation ofthe internalvent pipe on downflow furnaces, the percentage point reductions in AFUE range from 0.2 to l.1 for models currently rated at AFUE offrom 78 percentto 80.2 percent. Eight ofthe models will be

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belowthe 78 percent minimum, and three will be belowthe 80 percent rebate criterion, iftested pursuantto the proposed revision. (GAMA, No.8, at 2.4 and A-I; and Inter-City, No.7, at 4). Carrier Corp., Consolidated Industries, and Lennox Industries all supported GAMA's position. (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; Consolidated, No. 21, at 1; and Lennox, Transcript, at 77).

The purpose ofthe proposal to require insulation ofthe flue pipe is to obtain

as nearly as possible the true flue gas temperature required inthe calculation ofthe flue loss. The assumption made in the calculation procedure is that the flue gas temperature is the temperature at the exit plane from the heat exchanger. Since this is sometimes impossible to measure in practice, provisions are made inthe test procedure to measure the flue gas temperature in a more co'nvenient and accessible location such as in the flue pipe or stack. Insulation ofthe sections ofthe flue gas passage between the heat exchanger exit plane and the flue gas temperature measuring plane in the stack is notfor the purpose ofreducing the heat loss through thejacketbutto obtain a more accurate flue gas temperature.

Today's final rule does not include the insulation ofthe internal flue pipe duringthe cool-down and heat-up tests. Also, the insulation reqUirement specified in section 7.2.2.5 ofthe referenced ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 has not been included in today's final rule. This action isjustified by the fact that for the downflow furnace, there is no existing speCification in the current DOE test procedure that covers the internal flue pipe. The Department considers the insulation ofthe internal flue pipe duringthe heat-up and cool-down tests

as a desirable procedure in obtaining a

more accurate measure ofthe flue gas temperatures. Commenters objected to immediate implementation, however, because ofthe testtime, retesting and re-rating ofall the currently rated downflow furnace units with the associated costs, and the reduction in AFUE. The Department decided that the objections offered by commenters warrant a delay in the implementation ofthis provision. DOE will continue to examine this subject and may consider the implementation ofthe insulation reqUirement at a later date.

18. Revised Minimum Value for the Draft Factor Dp and DF

DOE proposed that a value of0.05 for the draft factor Dp be assigned for any units whose Dp value, when measured by the optional tracer gas method, is less than 0.10. This action was based on the following circumstances. The current test procedure allows the minimum value for the draft factor Dp and DF to equal 0.0 on units where absolutely no air flows throughthe combustion chamber and heat exchanger when the burner is off (section 9.4.4 ofANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1982 as referenced in section 3.0 ofappendix N
to subpartB ofpart 430,56 FR 12159, March 28, 1984). However, it is very difficult to verify an "absolutely no airflow" condition by currentflow
measurementtechnology.

Only two comments were received. GAMA objected to the immediate implementation ofthese changes. (GAMA, No.8, at 4). Carrier Corp. and Consolidated Industries both supported GAMA's position. (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; and Consolidated, No. 21. at 1). Energy Kinetics, Inc. commentedthat the values are too smallto have any Significant effect. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 6).

The Department does not agree with GAMA's position and has adopted this provision as speCified in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, which is referenced intoday's final rule. This action is founded upon the following observations. The measurement ofvery low flow rates offlue gas is very difficult. and replicating the
measurementwould be a problem at the low flow rate encountered. The Department considers the value of0.05
to be reasonable. The Department believes that only pulse combustion furnaces meet the reqUirement ofno air flow duringthe off-cycle. The effect of this change will be that more units can

use a lower draft factor DF (with a very slight increase in AFUE)

,but it will not result in a lower AFUE for the set of units that are minimally compliant with this provision, and will negate the necessity ofrepeatedly conductingthe
tracer gas test to confirmthe accuracy of

a measuredvalue varyingbelowthe 0.1
range.
19. Water Pump Energy Consumption

DOE proposedthe measurement of the electrical energy consumption ofthe
water pump for hot water boilers in the 1993 Proposed Rule. GAMA putthis reqUirement in its second category (GAMA, No.8, at 4). Carrier Corp. and Consolidated both supported GAMA's position. (Carrier, No. 12, at 1; and Consolidated, No. 21. at 1). Hydronics Institute (HI) stated that not all boilers

are supplied with pumps. Instead of measuringthe pump power, HI suggested adoptingthe requirement in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. This requirement specifies the use ofthe nameplate wattage ifthe pump is supplied bythe manufacturers and a default value ofO. 13 k W ifno pump is supplied. (HI, No. 15, at 3). Energy Kinetics stated thatthe value of0.13 kW is too high and that the standard pumps shipped with residential systems today

consume no more than 60 watts (W). (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 7). Mr. John Woodworth, independent commenter, stated thatthe reqUirement would create

a hardship and the results would have

an insignificant effect onthe annual efficiency descriptor. He stated that boilers are seldom tested with the "standard pump" inthe laboratory. Instead, test rigs in most laboratories include pumps and mixingvalves to test all sizes ofboilers. When sold, a model boiler may be equipped with as many as three different brands ofpumps, or shipped without a pump. Mr. Woodworth recommended that DOE adoptthe requirement ofANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 instead of the proposed measurement reqUirement. 

## O. Woodworth, No. 20, at 3).

The Department, in today's final rule, adopts the requirement ofANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 for pump power consumption. The requirement
states that ifa pump is supplied with the boiler (as cited by Energy Kinetics), then BE (electrical power to water pump) is the nameplate wattage rating, and ifno pump is supplied, then the
current default value ofBE is 0.13 kW in calculation ofannual electrical
energy consumption. By referencing the revised ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103- 1993, this is included intoday's final rule. The Department does not agree with GAMA's inclusion ofthis issue in its second category, since pump power consumption is not involved with the calculation ofAFUE. DOE does agree thatthe 1993 Proposed Rule, by requiring an additional measurement of
pump power consumption, would impose a burden that does not significantly improve the calculation of annual electrical energy consumption. Hence, DOE adopts instead the ANSI/ ASHRAE provision.

20. Energy Factor and Annual Efficiency Descriptors

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, the Department proposed two energy descriptors, the energy factor and annual effiCiency, for both fossil-fueled furnaces and boilers. The proposed
energy factor includes the auxiliary electrical energy consumption ofthe appliance, and is identical to the energy factor term as defined in appendiX B of ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, except that DOE proposed a different "F-factor." Appendix Bdefined "energy

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factor" as the ratio ofthe annual output ofheat energy provided to the space to the total annual energy input required to operate the appliance. The annual output ofheat energy includesthe contribution from a portion ofthe auxiliaryelectrical energythat is recovered as useful heat. The total annual energy input required includes both the fossil fuel and the auxiliary electric energy. The F-factor, however, equal to 3.0 in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, was 3.37 in the DOE proposal. The modified F-factor then approximated the ratio ofthe energy required to generate and transmit the auxiliary electricity consumed bythe appliance to the amount ofsuch electrical energy. The F-factor was applied to the auxiliary electrical consumption to reflect the efficiency in the use ofall energy used to run the appliance.

The purpose ofthe Department's proposalto establish the new efficiency descriptor andthe energy factor was to account for the auxiliary electric energy in the operation offossil-fueled furnaces and boilers. The proposed descriptors would combine the consumption of fossil fuel and auxiliary electricity into

a single valuethat would reflect the overall energy cost ofa fossil-fueled appliance. The current energy descriptor, AFUE, deals only with the primary type ofenergy consumed by an appliance. Therefore, it does not give the consumer a complete account ofthe overall energy and cost performance of the appliance. On the basis ofAFUE alone, a consumer would not be able to compare the overall cost ofoperation of
two or more different models offossilfueled furnaces or boilers ofcomparable output capacitywith blowers of different motor efficiencies or on/off controller timings. The proposed energy descriptors were intended to give the

consumer the necessary information for

a more informed decision. Another
purpose for the proposed energy descriptors was to provide an evaluation procedure for different design options for fossil-fueled furnaces and boilers that involves auxiliary electric energy consumption. This information would be considered in the determination of
energy efficiency standard levels.

At the public hearing and duringthe public comment period following the publication ofthe 1993 Proposed Rule, twenty-one commenters offered views

on this issue. The comments ranged from support for an energy descriptor that included both the fossil fuel and the auxiliary electric energy consumption, to complete disagreement with that concept. Nearly all
commenters however, expressed reservations on the source-based multiplication factor (the F-factor to be applied to the auxiliary electrical energy consumption offossil-fueled appliances). A summary ofthe commenters' reasons for objection include: (1) The use ofsource energy in determiningthe energy efficiency, through the proposed F-factor, is not permitted by EPCA and NAECA. which specifythat efficiency must be determined by energy consumption at the point ofuse (site) ofthe covered products; (2) the application ofthe Ffactor to the auxiliary electrical energy consumed byfossil-fueled appliances, but notto all-electric furnaces, is biased against fossil-fueled appliances; (3) a national average source to site energy ratio ignores the variation in the value ofthe F-factor due to different methods ofpower generation; (4) the value ofthe proposed energy descriptor would be lowerthan the AFUE, creating confusion for AFUE basedrebate/ incentive programs by utility companies; (5) combination furnace/airconditioning systems with a Single heating capacity may reqUire different size blowers depending on cooling load requirements; and (6) fuel switching and marketplace distortion could result. A detailed summary ofcomments on the F-factor and the proposed energy descriptor is found inthe Federal Register notice. 60 FR 4348 (January 20, 1995).

In 1995 the Departmentreopenedthe
comment period on the 1993 Proposed Rule, solely to address this issue, and the Department proposed a revision of its 1993 proposal. In place ofthe 1993 Proposed Rule's definition ofthe Ffactor as a source-to-site based energy ratio, the Department proposed a costbased e1ectricity-to-fossil fuel price ratio with a value of3.36 at the point ofuse. The proposed revision was published in the Federal Register onJanuary 20, 1995. 60 FR 4348.

Seventy comments were received concerningthis proposed revision to the F-factor. Many comments were similar
to those received in response to the original 1993 proposal, and disregarded the change to an F-factor based on cost ofenergy. Most commenters considered the proposal as violating the intent and language ofEPCA and NAECA. asserting that these statutes define energy efficiency with reference to energy consumption at the point ofuse (site energy). Because comments were similar

or identical to those submitted following the 1993 proposal, a commenter-by-commenter description ofthe comments is not presented here. Virtually all ofthe commenters urged DOE to either withdraw ormodifythe F-factor proposal.

One ofthe principal issues raised by the commenters is the authority ofDOE
to establish an energy efficiency standard for furnaces on the basis of either energy cost or source energy, as opposed to site energy consumption in units ofenergy. Upon further examination, it is the view ofthe Department ofEnergy that EPCA requires the energy efficiency ofa furnace to be based on consumption of
energy at the site ofthe furnace, and thatthe statute does not permit the promulgation ofan energy efficiency standard that is expressed in terms of annual operating costs ofthe furnace.

EPCA defines the energy conservation standard ofa covered appliance as "a performance standardwhich prescribes

a minimum level ofenergy efficiency or

a maximum quantity ofenergy use." EPCA section 321(6),42 U.s.C. 6291(6). EPCA defines "energy efficiency" as the ratio ofa product's useful output of services to its "energy use." EPCA section 321(5), 42 U.S.C. 6291(5). Thus, "energy use" is a basis for any standard for furnaces and boilers. "Energy use" in turn is defined in section 321(4), 42 U.s.C. 6291(4), as "the quantity of
energy directly consumed by a

consumer product at pOint ofuse." Therefore, furnace energy conservation standards must be based on consumption ofenergy at the site ofthe appliance. The Department believes that this conclusion is further supported by terminology used in section 325(t) of EPCA. 42 U.s.C. 6295(t), which

concerns standards for furnaces. Section 325(t)(1)(B), for example, requires the promulgation ofan "energy conservation standard" for small furnaces, and, asjust discussed, such a standard must be based on energy consumption at the site ofthe application.

Based on the above analysis, the Department is withdrawing the proposed energy descriptor and energy factor in today's final rule. The current procedures ofdetermining AFUE from the energy effiCiency descriptor, and of calculating ofthe annual energy consumption offossil fuel and electrical
energy for furnaces/boilers, therefore will remain unchanged. Inthe meantime, the Department will continue
to explore and to solicit input from interested parties on various options for the development ofa descriptor that would take into account separately both

a new energy factor for fossil fueled furnaces and the auxiliary electrical
energy consumption ofan appliance.

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21. Measurement ofElectric Energy Consumption for Interrupted Ignition Device

The 1993 Proposed Rule required
measurement ofthe energy consumption bythe interrupted ignition device. Both GAMA and Inter-City Products argued thatthe electrical
energy consumption ofthe interrupted ignition device constitutes an extremely small amount ofall electrical consumption ofa furnace. To include the measurement ofthe energy consumption ofthe device is burdensome in time and effort. Carrier Corp. and Consolidated Industries both supported GAMA's position. (Inter-City, No.7, at 3; GAMA. No.8, at 18; Carrier, No. 12, at 1; and Consolidated, No. 21,
at 1). HI and independent commenter Mr. John Woodworth both stated that the energy consumption ofthese ignition devices is small and will not affect the energy descriptors. Additionally, accordingto HI and Mr. Woodworth, a separate test would be required since the ignition devices are offduringthe steady state test, and they

are difficult to measure because the time duration and power draw are not constant during ignition. Therefore, HI recommended the deletion ofthe device in the proposed measurement requirement and the calculation procedures. (HI, No. 15, at 3; andJ. Woodworth, No. 20, at 4).

To assess the merits ofthese comments, andto determine the amount ofenergy consumption ofan interrupted ignition device, NIST measuredthe
power input, on-time duration and
energy consumption ofan electric hot surface ignition device on a 90,000 Btu/h input gas-fired furnace. Itwas found that the power input varied from 515 W to 470 W during the 40 seconds the device was on. Except for the first few seconds, the power draw was approximately 470 W. This translated into an energy consumption of apprOXimately 18 Btu per burneroncycle, or 63 Btu/h for the assumed
average 3.5 burner on-cycles per hour (3.87 minutes on and 13.3 minutes oft) for a single stage furnace. While this
compares favorably with the average 400 Btu/h energy consumption ofa pilot light, DOE does not agree that the
energy consumption ofthe interrupted ignition device should be completely ignored. DOE agrees, however, thatthe
energy consumption is small enough to justifythe deletion ofthe measurement requirement in the proposed test procedure. Therefore, DOE is specifying in today's final rule that the on-time of

an interrupted ignition device, as specified in a furnace's nameplate, should be used as the actual on-time. Further, the nameplate power input rating, or 0.4 kW if none is specified on the nameplate, should be used as the
average power draw in the electrical
energy calculation. The device on-time will be measured with a stop watch if
not specified on the nameplate. The device on-time will be setto equal zero ifthe nameplate or measured value is less than or equal to five seconds.

22. Measurement ofEnergy Consumption ofCombustion Blower During Post Purge

The test procedure ofthe proposed rule and ASHRAE 103-93requires the
measurement ofthe energy consumption ofcombustion blowers during a post purge. Comrnenters GAMA and Inter-City Products both argued that the electrical energy consumption ofthe combustion blower during post purge constitutes an extremely small amount ofall electrical consumption ofa furnace, and that to include the measurement ofthe energy consumption ofthe combustion blower is overlyburdensome in time and effort. Carrier Corp. and Consolidated Industries both supported GAMA's position. (Inter-City, No.7, at 3; GAMA, No.8, at 18; Carrier, No. 12, at 1; and Consolidated, No.2!' at 1). Energy Kinetics, while not commenting on the
power consumption ofthe draft inducer during post purge, pointed outthat the
power burner is offfor some oil-fired units during post purge and thus, only the draft inducer is on. As a result, the auxiliary electrical energy consumption measured during steady state maynot be equal to the electrical energy consumption duringthe post purge period

..(Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 6).

The 1989 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals states that the power consumption ofmotors with rated horsepowers of Ilzo hp and 1/12 hp, which would be typical for combustion blowers, are approximately 360 Btu/h and 580 Btu/h, respectively. For a post purge period of30 seconds, the energy consumptions would be 3-5 Btu per offcycle for the two sizes ofmotors, and for

a post purge period of 180 seconds, the
motor energy consumptions would be 18-29 Btu per off-cycle. For an average 3.5 on-cycles per hour offurnace operation, the energy consumption would be 10 Btu/h to 17 Btu/h for the 30-second post purge and 60 Btu/h to 100 Btu/h for the 180-second post purge. For boilers with an average of l.3 on-cycles per hour, the values would be approximately Ihthe above.

DOE does not agree that the energy consumption should be completely ignored. Therefore, DOE is specifying in today's final rule that the nameplate
power rating ofthe combustion blower be used as the power consumption in the calculationfor the electrical energy consumption. DOE agrees thatthe
energy consumption is small enoughto justifythe deletion ofthe electric power measurement reqUirement for the combustion blower. But measurement of the fulliength ofthe post purge period, easily determined with a stop watch, is still reqUired as set forth in the proposed rule.

23. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993

The 1993 Proposed Rule referenced ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1988 and added additional amendments to cover the changes, revisions and advances in technology between theyears whenthe Standard was published (1988) andthe Proposed Rule was published (1993). Those additional amendments included

a revised calculation procedure for units with stack dampers; revisedtest procedures for atmospheric burner units with a burner inlet damper or flue damper; revised test procedures for
power burnerunits employing post purge duringthe off-cycle; insulation requirements during heat-up and cooldowntests for downflow furnaces; a jacket loss test for units with ventilation openings on their cabinets; and other technical corrections.

Subsequentto the publication ofthe 1993 Proposed Rule, ASHRAE published in October 1993 ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993which supersedes ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1988. The revised ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 incorporated most ofthe revisions and additions to ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1988 that were included in the 1993 Proposed Rule, with the following exceptions: (1) The requirement ofa minimum on-time delay for the blower at burner ignition and a maximum off-time delay after burner shut-offfor units with an unvarying blower timing control; (2) the actual measurement ofpower inputto hot water boiler pumps; (3) the
measurement ofignition energy input to interrupted ignition devices; and (4) the
measurement ofcombustion blower time delay during post purge after burner shut-offin power vented units. With the above exceptions, the revised ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 and the 1993 Proposed Rule are nearly identical in content.

Commenters including GAMA stated that ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 should be incorporated in the Department's test procedure rather than ANSI/ASHRAE 103-1988 as proposed in the 1993 Proposed Rule. (GAMA. Transcript, at 8). HI stated that since

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ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1988 is no longer the current standard and will no longer be published by ASHRAE, it would be difficult for manufacturers to obtain additional copies for reference; therefore, the 1993 version should be referenced. (HI, Transcript, at 74). Mr. John Woodworth, who was Chairman of the SPC that developed ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1993, Secretary ofthe SPC for ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1988 andViceChairman ofthe SPC for ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1982, suggested thatDOE should reference the ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1993 ratherthan ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1988. He asserts that, with few exceptions, the requirements in ANSI!ASHRAE 103- 1993 are the same as the reqUirements in the 1993 Proposed Rule. In addition, ANSI!ASHRAE 103-1988 will no longer be available from ASHRAE. Oohn Woodworth, No. 20, at 2). The CEC stated that it supports the use ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993with DOEspecified changes. (CEC, No. 25, at 3). It

was suggested by Lennox (Lennox Transcript, at 78) thatthe test procedure be published in its entirety.

The Department agrees withthe
commenters on this issue and is referencing the ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 instead ofthe 1988 version in today's final rule. DOE decided notto publish the above standard in its entirety, since it is the practice ofthe Department to incorporate by reference any industry

consensus standards, andthe test procedures adopted in today's final rule

are nearly identical to ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.

24. Other MinorModificationsto ANSI! ASHRAE Standards 103-1988 and 103- 1993

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE also proposed to adopt corrections and clarifications ofseveral typographical

errors and inconsistencies identified by ASHRAE SPC 103 following publication ofASHRAE Standard 103-1988.

No commenter expressed objection to those specific revisions with the exception ofMr. Woodworth on revision to section 9.7.3 ofthe Standard. Therein, Mr. Woodworth stated that, since TF.OFF is notneeded in the calculation ofoff-period flue gas mass flow rate ifthe draft is maintained duringcool-down, the TF.OFF reading is
not necessary. The draft is maintained duringcool-down for units with barometric draft regulators. Therefore, the phrase

..ifdraft is notmaintained during cool-down" should not be deleted. O. Woodworth, No. 20, at 4). DOE agrees with Mr. Woodworth's comment, and the proposed revision is dropped from today's final rule. DOE, byreferencing ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 today, has included all the otherminor revisions and corrections to ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1988 in today's final rule. With the exception ofthe item commented on by Mr. Woodworth above, the revised ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 incorporated all the otherminor revisions and corrections to ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1988 described in the 1993 Proposed Rule.

After the publication ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, a few typographical errors were identified. On October 24,1996, ASHRAE issued an Errata Sheet for ASHRAE Standard 103- 1993, that listedthe typographical errors to be corrected in ANSI!ASHRAE 103- 1993. This ASHRAE Errata is incorporated by reference in today's final rule.

25. Other Issues

The following is a discussion of
comments DOE received on issues not raised bythe proposed test procedure for furnaces and boilers. As discussed below, however, in the 1993 Proposed Rule DOE had requested comments on certain ofthese issues.

(1) Distribution System Efficiency.- First, commenters including Dr. M. A. Habegger ofBoulder, Colorado, remarked that inthe field installation, the air flow rate through the distribution system has a large effect on the overall system efficiency. Further, the value of AFUE obtained through the currenttest procedure is usually much higher than the overall system efficiency. (M. A. Habegger, No. 22 at 1). The Department
agrees that a reduced air flow rate will reduce the overall effiCiency ofthe heating system due to a higher flue gas temperature and duct airleakage.

Dr. Habegger further comments that the circulation airflow rate is not considered in the currenttest procedure andthattesting the efficiency of equipmentwithout considering the overall installed system effect is meaningless. The Departmentdisagrees. The rate ofcirculation air flow is addressed in the test procedure by the limits set on both the minimum external static pressure and the air temperature rise between the supply and return air. This assures thatthe circulation air blower will deliver the appropriate
amount ofair flow at the required design conditions.

As the Department specifically pointed out in the preamble to the 1984 Final Rule for furnaces, boilers, and vented and unvented home heaters, the
test procedures cannot predictthe
energy performance ofa furnace in
every installation. 49 FR 12153 (March 28, 1984). Rather, their use is for comparison purposes and thus installation variables are only representatively accounted for. That preamble continues to state the Department's position on this issue.

(2) Input/Output Method.-Two commenters, Energy Kinetics and the CEC, responded to the Department's request to comment on the appropriateness ofa test procedure for furnaces and boilers based on an input! output method. Both suggested the development or adoption ofthe input! output method as a more accurate method for rating furnaces and boilers in place ofthe present flue loss method. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 7; and CEC, No. 25, at 3). GAMA, in response to questions duringthe public hearing, stated thatETL researchers working on

an input!output method for GAMA experienced a great deal ofdifficulty in repeating the test results and in correlating the resulting efficiency ratingwith the current method. GAMA felt that more time is needed for work in the input!output method. (GAMA, Transcript, at 35).

An analysis by Dr. D. 

### R. Tree of Purdue University with data supplied by NIST on the errors associated with the input!output method showed that for warm air furnaces, the uncertainties in duct air flow measurement and nonuniform temperature distribution in the duct, during steady state and cyclic conditions, would result in an error estimate of±12 percentfor the AFUE value. This made the input/output method unacceptable as a test procedure for warm air furnaces. 4 The problem of flow and temperature measurements for hot water boilers would not be as

severe. A detailed method, however, on thetransient performance ofhot water boilers, both duringthe on-cycle (energy delivered) and the off-cycle (heat loss) needs to be developed and a consensus

on the procedure agreed upon. The problems oftesting accordingto two different test procedures, one for warm air furnaces and one for hydronic heating systems, also require further discussion. The Department is, therefore, reserving action on the possible adoption ofan input!output method for hydronic heating systems to

a future rulemaking.

(3) Test Procedure for Combined SpacelWater Heating Appliances.- Only Energy Kinetics raised this issue, and questioned the appropriateness of the current ASHRAE Standard 124-

4 David R. Tree. "Error Analysis ofTesting for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnace Boilers. Report Number 4. Executive Summary." Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Purdue University.

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1991 that covers the testing and rating ofcombination appliances. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 8).

The Department is preparingto propose a test procedure for combined space/water heating appliances in the future. DOE welcomes any comments and input from industry and interested individuals and organizations.

(4) Off-Cycle Draft Setting.-Only Energy Kinetics commented that the operation and off-cycle draft conditions
at the flue connection to a unit affect the ratings ofthe unit, and suggested that the draft value should not be left to be
atthe manufacturer's recommendation. Energy Kinetics suggested a standard draft level of0.05"water columnto be maintained at both the on-cycle and offcycle periods duringthe test. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 5).

DOE believes thatthis specification is
not necessary as the draft produced duringthe operation ofthe unit cannot be arbitrarily set by the manufacturer if proper operation, such as smoke number, C02 concentration, and flame stability, ofthe unit is to be maintained. DOE reasons that ifthe manufacturers do not require orrecommend the maintenance ofa specific draft level duringthe off-cycle for the normal operation oftheir unit, it should not be required duringthe off-period test.

(5) Supply and Return Water Temperature Settings for Hot Water Boilers.-Energy Kinetics stated thatthe hot water boiler temperature settings of 120°F return watertemperature and 140°F supply water temperature during the tests, as prescribed in the current test procedure, are too low. They are not the normaltemperatures of 160°F and 180°F encountered in a home installation. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 4).

The Department prescribed the test conditions for hot water boilers (boiler
return water ofat least 120°F and a 20°F temperature rise) duringthe 1983 proposed rulemaking (48 FR 28014, June 17, 1983) before the publication of the final rule for the current furnace test procedure (49 FR 12148, March 24, 1984). In so doing, the Department stated its beliefthat all non-condensing hot water boilers, including finned tube boilers and lowthermal mass boilers, generally operated at these conditions, and the specifications would eliminate the need for future test procedure waivers for specific types ofhot water boilers from a uniformtest condition. At that time the boiler industry had also indicated its desire to have these test conditions included. The Department

sees no fundamental change in the application ofhot water boilers to warrant revision to the currenttest procedure. In addition, changing the test conditions to those suggested by Energy Kinetics would result in a reduction of the AFUE for existing hot water boilers

as the flue loss would be slightlyhigher due to a higher flue gas temperature. This would require the retesting and rerating ofmost existinghot water boilers.

Forthe reasons discussed above, today's final rule does not include any changes to the test conditions with respect to the boiler water return temperature and temperature rise for hot
water boilers as specified in the current test procedure.

(6) Energy Lost at Appliance Location (Boilers in Unheated Space).-Energy Kinetics disagreed with the reqUirement that boilers be tested as indoor installation. It claimed that most boilers

are installed in un-conditioned space. (Energy Kinetics, No. 16, at 4).

Since the minimum standard for boilers is based on a statutory definition ofAFUE which explicitly assumes that non-weatherized boilers are located indoors, DOE will not consider any change in the installation location for boilers at the present time.

(7) Setting Throughput Air Temperature Rise for Furnaces.-In the
current DOE test procedure and ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1988, the adjustment to the air throughputfor

warm airfurnaces at steady state operation is specified underthe following conditions: a temperature rise,

across the heat exchanger, shall be the higher of (1) 15°F belowthe maximum temperature rise, or (2) 15°F above the minimumtemperature rise, as specified bythe manufacturer.

In the 1993 Proposed Rule and in the 1993 revision ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103 (as 103-1993), a provision

was addedto the test setting ofthe air temperature rise. The provision requires that, for furnaces whose design does not permit a temperature rise range of30°F, the furnace shall be tested atthe midpoint ofthe rise range specified by the manufacturer ifthe rise is less than 30°F. Commenters GAMA and Inter-City mentioned this provision for condensing furnaces whose temperature rise range may be less than 30°F, and listed this provision in GAMA's first category ofrevisions for immediate implementation. (GAMA No.8 at 3; Inter-City, No.7 at 4).

DOE has adoptedthis provision as specified in ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 referenced in today's final rule.



### B. Vented Home HeatingEquipment

The Department originally published the test procedure for vented home heating equipment on May 2, 1978.43 FR 20182. The Department amended this test procedure on March 28, 1984,
to include a simplified vented heater
test procedure for heaters with modulating controls, manually controlled vented heaters, vented heaters equipped with thermal stack dampers, and floor furnaces. 49 FR 12169.

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE proposed the following amendments to the vented home heating eqUipment test procedure: (1) To establish an annual efficiency descriptor to account for the auxiliary electrical energy consumed by the fan orblowers in addition to the fossil fuel consumed; (2) to revise the calculation procedure for AFUE for manually controlled heaters; and (3) to revise the calculation procedure for weighted average steady-state efficiency for manually controlled heaters with various inputrates.

The following discussion addresses the comments received on the proposed rule.

1. Annual EffiCiency Descriptor

The Department proposed in the 1993 Proposed Rule to adopt the energyfactor

as defined in appendix B ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 as the new energy descriptor for vented home heating eqUipment, and renamed itthe annual efficiency descriptor.

The Department's current test procedure for vented home heating equipment prescribes the calculation of AFUE based on the energy consumption offossil fuel only. Since auxiliary electrical energy can be consumed by these appliances such as for the operation ofa blower, DOE considered that a more appropriate energy descriptor was neededto account for both fossil fuel and auxiliary electrical
energy consumption ofthe appliances. This energy descriptor would also be used to address the electrical energy used by some ofthe design options considered for energy standard level evaluation.

Seventeen commenters, directly or in support ofanother commenter, have commented on this issue. The
comments from each individual or organization were discussed in the Federal Register notice ofJanuary 20, 1995.60 FR 4348. This was described previously in the section for the proposed energy factor and annual efficiency descriptors for central furnaces and boilers. (See ILA 20 above, "Annual Efficiency Descriptor and Energy Factor.")

As concluded inthe discussion above, DOE has decided to withdraw the proposed energy descriptorfrom today's final rule. Since the commenters

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combinedtheir comments on this proposed energy descriptor withthose for the central furnaces/boilers, readers

are referred to that section for a discussion ofthis issue. Therefore, the
current procedures ofdetermining AFUE as the energy efficiency descriptor will remain unchanged. However, the proposed procedure for the calculation ofthe annual energy consumption offossil fuel and electrical
energy for the vented home heating equipment is included in today's final rule. This added procedure does not involve any additionaltesting beyond that required by the currenttest procedure. The added calculation procedure is intendedto allow for the adequate and fair cost ranking ofthe different design options that may be considered in future evaluations of possible revisions ofenergy standard levels.

2. Pilot Light Energy Consumption for Manually Controlled Heaters

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, for manually controlled heaters, under certain conditions, the measurement of pilot light energy is not needed. Two
comments on this issue were received. GAMA supported the provision ofnot requiringthe measurement ofthe pilot
energy consumption for manually controlled heaters equipped with a piezo igniter. (GAMA, No.8, at 20). The CEC stated that the language in the provision should be more explicit in defining what is meant by the phrase "whenthe heater is not in use and instruction to do so is given," in section 3.5.2 ofappendix 0 to subpart B ofpart 430. The CEC further stated that the manufacturer should only be allowed to ignore the pilot energyuse ifthe pilot extinguishes whenever the burner is off. (CEC, No. 25, at 3).

The Department agrees with the suggestion ofthe CEC to clarify when the proposed provision is applicable. This provision applies to a heater that provides manually controlled settings for the control knob in the operation of the appliance, and a clearlymarked knob setting such as the "OFF" knob setting shuts offthe appliance completely includingthe pilot light. DOE is today revising the section in question to read as follows:

"3.5.2 For manually controlled heaters where the pilot light is designed
to be turned offbythe user when the heater is not in use, that is, turning the control to the OFF position will shut off the gas supply to the burner(s) and to the pilot light, the measurement ofQp is
not needed. This provision applies only ifan instruction to turn offthe unit is provided on the heater nearthe gas control valve (e.g., by label) by the manufacturer."

3. Weighted Average Steady-State Efficiency

In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE proposed that for manually controlled vented home heaters with multiple input rates whose design is such that the specified minimum firing rate cannot be set at 50±5 percent ofthe unit's maximum firing rate, the test will be conducted at the unit's minimum fuel inputrate, providedthat the minimum input shall be no higher than

2/3 ofthe maximumfuel input rate ofthe heater.

GAMA supported this provision. (GAMA, No.8, at 20). DOE is adopting the provision intoday's final rule.

C. PoolHeaters

The Departmentpublished the pool heater test procedure on February 7, 1989, referencing ANSI Standard Z21.56-1986 for gas-fired pool heaters. 54 FR 6076. In the 1993 Proposed Rule, DOE proposedto amendthe pool heater
test procedure, first, to include an annual efficiency descriptor that
accounts for the fossil fuel and the auxiliary electrical energy consumed by
anyfan or pump and, second, to replace the reference to ANSI StandardZ21.56- 1986 with references to the then updated version ofANSI Standard Z21.56.

StandardZ21.56 was updated again in 1994. But no substantive changes were made in the portions ofthat Standard which DOE had proposed, in the 1993 Proposed Rule, to incorporate into its pool heatertest procedure. DOE is therefore referencing ANSI Standard Z21.56-1994 in the pool heatertest procedure it adopts today.

All ofthe comments received on the proposed amendment to this test procedure concerned the proposed annual efficiency descriptor. The following discussion addresses those
comments.

1. Annual Efficiency Descriptor

The Department proposed inthe 1993 Proposed Rule a new energy descriptor, the Annual Efficiency (AE), for pool heaters. The proposed AE descriptor,

was defined as the ratio ofthe annual output ofenergy delivered to the heated pool water by fossil fuel to the total annual energy input to the heater including auxiliary electrical energy. The latterterm, auxiliary electrical
energy, was multiplied by a factor F which represents the ratio ofthe heat
energy reqUired to generate and transmit the electricityto the electrical energy delivered at the pool heater. This was for the purpose ofreflecting the efficiency oftotal energy used to run the appliance.

The Department's current test procedure for pool heaters prescribes the calculation ofthe thermal efficiency under steady state condition only. The thermal effiCiency is defined as the ratio ofthe useful output ofheated water to the sum ofthe input offossil fuel energy and auxiliary electric energy duringthe steady state test period. DOE considered that a more appropriate energy descriptor was needed in order to accountfor the energy consumption duringthe burner-offperiods ofa pool heating season. DOE based this view on the fact that a Significant quantity of
energy can be consumed by a continuous pilot light and the auxiliary electrical energy consumption during the burner-offperiods ofthe pool heating season. The proposed energy descriptor could also be used to address the energy savings by some ofthe design options that might be considered in future evaluation ofpossible revisions ofenergy standard levels. For example,
to consider electronic ignition, the evaluation would have to account for the savings in gas consumption resulting from elimination ofa continuous burning pilot.

Seventeen commenters, directly or in support ofanother commenter, have commented on this issue. The
comments from each individual or organization concerningthe proposed multiplication factor F applied to the auxiliary electric energy consumption

are discussed in the Federal Register notice ofJanuary 20, 1995 (60 FR 4348). This was described preViously in subsection 20 ofsection ILA ofthis notice, which discusses the proposed
energy factor and annual efficiency descriptors for central furnaces and boilers. Readers are referred to that section for the discussion ofthe F-factor issue.

GAMA also commented on the proposed annual efficiency descriptor concerning pool heaters. GAMA stated that the use ofa recirculating pump should be factored into the AE descriptor only ifthe pump is used duringthe thermal effiCiency test under section 2.8.1 ofANSI Z21.56-1990 standard. Further, GAMA claims, the
pump or the pump/filter system used in
any given installation in the field that is
not supplied bythe manufacturer should not be considered as part ofthe heater's auxiliary components. GAMA commented that DOE should focus on addressing a pool heater's primary electrical energy consumption rather than auxiliary losses.

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The Department believes that the above concerns expressed by GAMA are unfounded. As shown in section 4 of appendix P ofthe 1993 Proposed Rule, the determination ofthe auxiliary electrical energy consumption ofthe pool heater is as specified in ANSI 221.56-1990 standard, and was not modified in the 1993 Proposed Rule. As proposed in section 4.4 ofappendix p, the calculation ofthe annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption is based

on heater on-time only.

GAMA first stated that, since DOE defined the average number ofburner operatinghours as 104 hours independent ofpool and heater size, then "100,000 Btu/hr and 400,000 

### Btul hr pool heaters can have the same AE value, and would give the impression that a 400.000 Btu/hrpool heater is an effective choice for heating a 500 gallon hot tub." GAMA then stated that during pool "off-season" hours. the continuous pilot is usually shut off.

DOE disagrees with the first
statement. Ifthe output capacity ofthe pool heater is properly selected by the
contractor or installer based on the size

or load requirement ofa particular pool. then the burner operatingtime would be neitherexcessively long nor unduly short. Moreover. although the selection ofa particularpoolheater among models ofsimilar capacity for a specific pool size may be based on its energy efficiency. the selection ofa correct capaCity heater is based on the pool size

or load requirement. As to GAMA's
statement aboutthe pilot light beingoff duringthe"offseason." the 1993 proposal already assumedthatthe continuous pilot light. ifused. will be offduring non-heating season hours. (See section 4.2 ofappendixP to subpart B ofpart 430. on the definition ofthe average number ofseasonal pool operatinghours (POH).)

In its statement. GAMA also suggested that. instead ofthe AE descriptor. DOE should develop a methodologyto calculate total annual energy consumption. based onthermal efficiency. electrical energy consumption. and continuous pilot light consumption. Thus. consumers could

use this information to estimate annual
energy consumption and operating costs for a specific pool size and season of operation.

DOE agrees with this suggestion. The calculation procedure in today's final rule includes the calculation ofthe
average annual fossil fuel and auxiliary electric energy consumption.

The Department has decidedto withdraw the proposed energy descriptor with the proposed F-factor multiplier from today's final rule. for the reasons discussed in subsection 20 ofsection II.A ofthis notice. The current procedure for determiningthe energy efficiency descriptor for pool heaters. the steady state thermal efficiency. shall remain unchanged. A procedure. however. for the calculation ofthe pool heater seasonal efficiency and the annual energy consumption offossil fuel and auxiliary electricity for the pool heater is included in today's final rule. The pool heater seasonal efficiency is defined asthe ratio (in percent) ofthe useful output ofthe heater interms of heated pool water duringthe pool heating season to the sum ofthe total
energy inputwhen the burner is on and the energy consumption ofthepilot light when the burner is offduringthe pool heating season. Thetotal burner-on hours andthe length ofthe pool heating

season are assumed to be 104 hours and 4464 hours peryear. respectively. The heater is assumedto be in steady state operation wheneverthe burner is on. The pilot light is assumed to be off duringthe non-heating season hours (4296 hours) and on during the pool heating season hours (4464 hours). The auxiliary electrical energy consumption is assumedto be negligible when the burner is off. For heaters which do not employ a continuous pilot light during the pool heating season. the seasonal efficiency will be the same as the steady
state thermal effiCiency. This procedure will account for the energy consumption ofthose pool heaters that employ a continuous pilot light duringthe pool heating season. As stated previously. the procedure also provides a calculation procedure for the average annual fossil fuel and auxiliary electric energy consumption. These calculations are simply arithmetic exercises with no additional testing required. Sincethese calculations could be used to address the energy savings by some design options that might be considered in future evaluations ofenergy standard levels. DOE believes it isjustifiedto include these additional calculations.

III. Procedural Requirements

A. 

### Review Under theNational Environmental PolicyActof

### 1969

The Departmenthas concluded that this final rule falls into a class ofactions (categorical exclusion A5) that are categorically excludedfrom the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) review because they would not individually or cumulatively have a significant impact on the human environment. as determined by DOE's regulations (10 CFR part 1021. appendiX A to subpart D) implementingthe NEPA (42 U.s.C. 4321. 4331-35. 4341-47). Therefore this final rule does not reqUire

an environmental impact statement or

an environmental assessment pursuant to NEPA.



### B. Review UnderExecutive Order 12866. "RegulatoryPlanningandReview"

Today's regulatory action has been determined notto be a "significant regulatory action" under Executive Order 12866. "Regulatory Planning and Review." 58 FR 51735. October 4. 1993. Accordingly. today's action was not subjectto review under the Executive Orderby the Office ofInformation and Regulatory Affairs.



### C. Review Under theRegulatory FlexibilityAct

The Regulatory Flexibility Act. 5 U.s.C. 603. reqUires the preparation of

an initial regulatory flexibility analysis for every rule which by law must be proposed for public comment. unless the agency certifiesthat the rule. if promulgated. will not have a Significant economic impact on a substantial number ofsmall entities. A regulatory flexibility analysis examines the impact ofthe rule on small entities and considers alternate ways ofreducing negative impacts.

The Department believes the final rule willnot have a significant impact on either small or large manufacturers of furnaces and boilers. vented home heating eqUipment. and pool heaters underthe provisions ofthe Regulatory Flexibility Act. The final rule amends DOE's test procedures. primarily to incorporate (1) testprocedures already in use by manufacturers pursuant to waivers thatDOE preViously granted to those manufacturers. and (2) revisions
to standard industrytesting methods. contained in American SOCiety of Heating. Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 103-1993. "Methods of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnaces and Boilers." and American National Standards Institute Standard 221.56-1994. "Gas-Fired Pool Heaters." Examples ofamendments are:

• The 90-second delayfrom burner ignition to activation ofthe warm air circulation fan designed with an unvarying time delay in a central furnace has been shortenedto accommodate current manufacturers designs.

• There is no reqUirement to calculate the energy consumption ofa gas pilot light on manually controlled vented home heaters provided thatthere is instruction for the user to turn the pilot light offand restart it.

### Federal Register 

### I Vol. 62, No. 91 I Monday, May 12, 1997 I Rules and Regulations 

### 26155

• The test procedure for modulated, vented home heating equipment allows testing at 100 percent and sixty six percent rated input power. instead of 100 percent and fifty percentpower, to accommodate new designs.

Such reqUirements presented inthe final rule incorporate improvements in the currenttestingtechnology for furnaces and boilers. vented home heating eqUipment, and pool heaters utilized by industry. Butthey would not have a significant economic impact. since they are methods already in use by manufacturers. and will not cause manufacturers to purchase eqUipment,

consume testingtime, nor employ technical staffbeyond what is reqUired by existing DOE test procedures.

In addition. in some respects the test procedures in the final rule are less burdensome than the current procedures. For example:

• The formula to calculate thetime delay and energy loss ofa stack damper traversingfrom fully open to fully closed has been adjusted for greater accuracy. The revised formula has been incorporated into the existing computer program for the calculation ofthe AFUE and will reqUire no additional hand calculations.

Therefore, DOE certifies thatthe final rule, ifpromulgated, would not have a "significant economic impact on a substantial number ofsmall entities" and that the preparation ofa regulatory flexibility analysis is not warranted.



### D. Review Under Executive Order 

### 12612, "Federalism'

Executive Order 12612 (52 FR 41685, October 30, 1987) reqUires that regulations or rules be reviewed for any substantial direct effects on States, on the relationship between the Federal Government and the States, or on the distribution ofpower and responsibilities among various levels of government. Ifthere are sufficient substantial direct effects, then Executive Order 12612 requires preparation ofa Federalism assessmentto be used in all decisions involved in promulgating and implementing a regulation or a rule.

The final rule published today would
not alterthe distribution ofauthority and responsibilityto regulate in this

area. The final rule would only revise a currently applicable DOE test procedure
to improve existingtesting methods, and to add provisions thatDOE might

use in future standard setting. Accordingly, DOE has determinedthat preparation ofa federation assessment is
unnecessary. 

### E. Review Under Section 32of the Federal EnergyAdministrationActof 1974

The test procedures in this final rule incorporate commercial standards to

measure the efficiency and capacity of furnaces and/boilers, vented home heating eqUipment, and pool heaters. The commercial standards are ANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, "Method ofTestingfor Annual Fuel utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnaces and Boilers," and ANSI Standard Z21.56-1994, "Gas Fired Pool Heaters."

Pursuantto section 301 ofthe Department ofEnergy Organization Act (Pub. 

### L. 95-91), DOE is reqUired to complywith section 32 ofthe Federal Energy Administration Act of 1974, as amended by section 9 ofthe Federal Energy Administration Authorization Act of 1977 (FEAA) Pub. 

### L. 95-70, which imposes certain requirements where a proposed rule contains commercial standards or authorizes or reqUires the use ofsuch standards. The findings required ofDOE by section 32

serve to alert the public and DOE regarding the use and background of commercial standards in a proposal and through the rulemaking process. They allow interested persons to make known their views regarding the appropriateness ofthe use ofany particular commercial standard in a proposed rulemaking.

The Department has evaluated ANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 and ANSI Standard Z21.56-1994 with regard to compliance with section 32(b) ofthe FEAA. The Department is unable to conclude whetherthese standards fully complied with the requirements of section 32(b), i.e., thatthey are developed in a manner whichfully provided for public participation, comment, and review.

In addition, section 32(c) ofthe FEAA precludesthe Department from incorporating any commercial standard into a rule unless it has consulted with the Attorney General andthe Chairman ofthe Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

as to the impact ofsuch standard on competition, and neither individual recommends against its incorporation. Pursuant to section 32(c), the Department advisedthese individuals of its intention to incorporate Standards 103-1993 and Z21.56-1991 into its final
test procedure rules for furnaces/boilers and pool heaters, respectively. Neither recommended against such incorporation.

The Departmentnotes that it is incorporating into today's rule the method for testingpool heaters that is set forth in ANSI Standard Z21.56- 1994. Standard Z21.56-1994 was not specifically identified in the aforementioned communications with the FTC and Department ofJustice. It is, however, a revised and updated version ofStandard Z21.56-1991, which was mentioned in those communications, and the provisions DOE is incorporating from Z21.56-1994 are identical in substance to the corresponding provisions in Z21.56-1991. 5



### F. Review UnderExecutive Order 

### 12630, "GovernmentalActionsand Interference With Constitutionally ProtectedPropertyRights"

It has been determined pursuantto Executive Order 12630 (52 FR 8859, March 18, 1988) that this final rule would not result in anytakings which mightrequire compensation underthe Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution,

The Department believes that test procedures implementing a longestablished statutory mandate in a

manner calculated to minimize adverse economic impacts does not constitute a "taking" ofprivate property. Thus, testing underthe appliance standards
program does not invoke the provisions ofE.O. 12630.


### G. Review Under the Paperwork ReductionActof1980

No new information or record keeping reqUirements are imposed bythis rulemaking. Accordingly, no OMB clearance is reqUired under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 

### etseq.).

H. 

### Review UnderExecutive Order 12988, "CivilJustice Reform"

With respect to the review ofexisting regulations and the promulgation of

new regulations, section 3(a) of Executive Order 12988, "CivilJustice Reform," 61 FR 4729 (February 7, 1996), imposes on Executive agenCies the general duty to adhere to the following reqUirements: (1) Eliminate drafting

errors and ambiguity; (2) write regulations to minimize litigation; and (3) provide a clear legal standard for affected conduct rather than a general standard and promote simplification and burden reduction. With regard to the review required by section 3(a), section 3(b) ofExecutive Order 12988 specifically requires that Executive agencies make every reasonable effort to

ensure thatthe regulation: (1) Clearly

5The Department has informally advised the Department ofJustice and the FederaiTrade Commission ofits intentionto incorporate the updated version ofStandard Z21.56 into the finai rule.

### 26156 Federal Register / 

### Vol. 62, No. 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

specifies the preemptive effect, ifany; (2) clearly specifies any effect on existing Federal law or regulation; (3) provides a clear legal standard for affected conductwhile promoting Simplification and burden reduction; (4) specifiesthe retroactive effect, ifany; (5) adequately defines key terms; and (6) addresses other important issues affecting clarity and general draftsmanship under any guidelines issued by the Attorney General. Section 3(c) ofExecutive Order 12988 requires Executive agencies to review regulations in light ofapplicable standards in section 3(a) and section 3(b) to determine whether they are met or it is unreasonable to meet one ormore of them. DOE has completed the required review and determined that, to the
extent permitted by law, the final regulations meetthe relevant standards ofExecutive Order 12988.

1. 

### Review Under UnfundedMandates ReformActof1995

Ifany proposed or final rule includes

a Federal mandate that may result in expenditure by state, local, andtribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 million or more in anyone year, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, signed into lawon March 22, 1995, requires an agency (prior to promulgation) to prepare a budgetary impact statement and select the least costly, most cost effective and least burdensome alternative that achieve the objectives of the rule and is consistentwith statutory requirements.

DOE has determinedthat the action promulgatedtoday does not include such a Federal mandate. Therefore, the reqUirements ofthe Unfunded Mandates Act do not apply to this action.


### ]. Review Under SmallBusiness RegulatoryEnforcementFairnessActof 1996

As required by 5 U.S.C. 801, DOE will report to Congress promulgation ofthe rule prior to its effective date. 5 U.S.c. 801. The report will state that it has been determinedthat the rule is not a "majorrule" as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(3).

List ofSubjects in 10 CFR Part 430

Administrative practice and procedure, Energy conservation, Household appliances, Incorporation by reference. Issued in Washington, DC. on February 28, 1997.
Christine A. Ervin,
AssistantSecretary, EnergyEfficiencyand RenewableEnergy.

For the reasons set forth inthe preamble, part 430 ofchapter II ofTitle 10, Code ofFederal Regulations, is amended as setforth below.

PART 430-ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS

1. The authority citation for part 430 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.c. 6291-6309
2. Section 430.2 is amended by adding a definition for the term "Mobile home furnace" in alphabetical order, to read as follows:

§430.2 Definitions. 

### * * 

### * * 

## *

Mobile homefurnace means a direct
vent furnace that is designed for use only in mobile homes. 

### * 

## * * * *

3. Section 430.22 is amended by adding paragraph (a) (3) (iv) and adding item numbers 13 and 14 to paragraph (a)(4) to read as follows:

§430.22 Reference sources.

(a) 

### * * * (3) 

### * * * (iv) American Society ofHeating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Publication Sales, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, (1-800-5-ASHRAE)

.

(4) 

### * * * 13. American National Standards Institute/ American Society ofHeating, Refrigerating, andAir-Conditioning Engineers Standard 103-1993, "Methods ofTesting for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnaces and Boilers," (with Errata of October 24, 1996) except for sections 3.0, 7.2.2.5,8.6.1.1,9.1.2.2,9.5.1.1,9.5.1.2.1, 9.5.1.2.2,9.5.2.1, 9.7.1, 10.0, 11.2.12, 11.3.12, 11.4.12, 11.5.12 and appendices Band C.

14. American National Standards Institute Standard Z21.56-1994, "Gas-Fired Pool Heaters," section 2.9. 

### * 

### * 

## * * *

4. Section 430.23 is amended as follows:

A. In paragraph (n)(1)(i), the words "section 4.8 or 4.10" are revised to read "section 10.2.2 or 10.3" and in paragraph (n)(l)(ii), the words "section 4.9" are revised to read "section 10.2.3" and, inthe parenthetical phase, the words "section 4" are revised to read "section 10."

B. In paragraph (n)(2)

, the words "section 4.6" are revised to read "section 10.1" and the words "section 4.1 ofappendix N ofthis subpart" are revised to read "section 11.1 of American National Standards Institute/ American Society ofHeating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ANSI!ASHRAE) Standard 103-1993."

C. In paragraph (n) (3) (i), the words "section 4.11 or 4.13" are revised to read "section 10.5.1 or 10.5.3" and in paragraph (n)(3)(ii), the words "section 4. 12" are revised to read "section 10.5.2."

D. In paragraph (n)(4)

, the words "section 4. 14" are revised to read "section 10.4."

E. Revise paragraphs (0)(2), and (p)(I)
to read as follows:

§430.23 Test procedures for measures of energy consumption. 

### * 

## * * * 

### *

(0) 

### Vented homeheatingequipment. 

### * * *

(2) The estimated annual operating
costfor vented home heating equipment is the sum of:

(i) The product ofthe average annual fuel energy consumption, in Btu's per yearfor natural gas, propane, or oil fueled vented home heating eqUipment, determined accordingto section 4.6.2 of appendiX 

### 0 ofthis subpart, and the representative average unit cost in dollars per Btu for natural gas, propane,

or oil, as appropriate, as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) ofthe Act; plus

(ii) The product ofthe average annual auxiliary electric energy consumption in kilowatt-hours peryear determined accordingto section 4.6.3 ofappendix 

### 0 ofthis subpart, and the representative
average unit cost in dollars per kilowatthours as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) ofthe Act, the resulting sum then beingrounded offto the nearest dollar peryear. 

## * * * * 

## *

(p) 

### Pool heaters. (1) The estimated annual operating cost for pool heaters is the sum of: (i) The product ofthe
average annual fuel energy consumption, in Btu's peryear, of natural gas or oil fueled pool heaters, determined according to section 4.2 of appendix P ofthis subpart, and the representative average unit cost in dollars per Btu for natural gas or oil, as appropriate, as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) ofthe Act; plus (ii) the product ofthe average annual auxiliary electric energy consumption inkilowatthours peryear determined accordingto section 4.3 ofappendiX P ofthis subpart, and the representative average unit cost in dollars perkilowatt-hours as provided pursuant to section 323(b)(2) ofthe Act, the resulting sumthen being

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### 26157

rounded offto the nearest dollar per year. 

## * * 

## * * *

5. Appendix N to subpart B ofpart 430 is revised to read as follows: Appendix N to Subpart BofPart 430- Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption 

### ofFurnaces and Boilers

1.0 Scope. The scope ofthis appendix is

as specified in section 2.0 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.

2.0 Definitions. Definitions include the definitions specified in section 3 ofANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 and the following additional and modified definitions:

2.1 ANSIIASHRAEStandard 103-1993

means the test standard published in 1993 by ASHRAE. approvedbythe American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on October 4. 1993. and entitled "Method of Testingfor Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency ofResidential Central Furnaces and Boilers" (with errata ofOctober 24. 1996).

2.2 ASHRAEmeans the American Society ofHeating. Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers. Inc.

2.3 Thermal stack dampermeans a type ofstack damper which is dependent for operation exclusively uponthe direct conversion ofthermal energy ofthe stack gases to open the damper.

2.4 Isolated combustion system. The definition ofisolation combustion system in section 3 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103- 1993 is incorporated with the addition ofthe follOWing: "The unit is installed in an unconditioned indoor space isolated from the heated space."

3.0 Classifications. Classifications are as speCified in section 4 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.

4.0 Requirements. Requirements are as specified in section 5 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.

5.0 Instruments. Instruments mustbe as specified in section 6 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.

6.0 Apparatus. The apparatus used in conjunction with the furnace orboilerduring the testing must be as specified in section 7 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 except for section 7.2.2.5: and as specified in section 6.1 ofthis appendix:

6.1 Downflowfurnaces. Install the internal section ofvent pipe the same size as the flue collar for connecting the flue collar
to the top ofthe unit. ifnot supplied by the manufacturer. Do not insulate the internal
vent pipe during thejacket loss test (if conducted) described in section 8.6 ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 or the steadystate test described in section 9.1 ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. Do not insulate the internal vent pipe before the cool-down and heat-up tests described in sections 9.5 and 9.6. respectively. ofANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. Ifthe vent pipe is surrounded by a metaljacket. do not insulate the metaljacket. Install a 5-ft test stack ofthe

same cross sectional area orperimeter as the
vent pipe above the top ofthe furnace. Tape or seal around thejunction connecting the
vent pipe and the 5-ft test stack. Insulate the 5-ft test stack with insulation having an Rvalue notless than 7 and an outer layer of aluminum foil. (See Figure 3-E ofANSI/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.)

7.0 Testing conditions. The testing conditions shall be as specified in section 8 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 with
errata ofOctober 24. 1996. exceptfor section 8.6.1.1: and as specified in section 7.1 ofthis appendix.

7.1 Measurement of jacketsurface temperature. Thejacket ofthe furnace or boiler shall be subdivided into 6-inch squares when practical. and otherwise into 36- square-inch regions comprising 4 in. x 9 in.

or 3 in. x 12 in. sections. and the surface temperature at the center ofeach square or section shall be determined with a surface thermocouple. The 36-square-inch areas shall be recorded in groups where the temperature differential ofthe 36-square-inch area is less than 10°F for temperature up to 100°F above

room temperature and less than 20°F for temperature more than 100°F above room temperature. For forced air central furnaces. the circulating airblower compartment is considered as partofthe duct system and no surface temperature measurement ofthe blower compartment needs to be recorded for the purpose ofthis test. For downflow furnaces. measure all cabinet surface temperatures ofthe heat exchanger and combustion section. includingthe bottom around the outlet duct. andthe burner door. using the 36 square-inch thermocouple grid. The cabinet surface temperatures around the blower section do not need to be measured (See figure 3-E ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993.)

8.0 Testprocedure. Testing and
measurements shall be as specified in section 9 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 except for sections 9.5.1.1.9.5.1.2.1. 9.5.1.2.2. 9.5.2.1. and section 9.7.1. :and as specified in sections 8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. and 8.5. ofthis appendix.

8.1 Input to interruptedignition device. Forburners equipped with an interrupted ignition device. record the nameplate electric
power used bythe ignition device. PEIG

. or

use PE1G=0.4 kW ifno nameplate power input is provided. Record the nameplate ignition device on-time interval. tIG. or

measure the on-time period at the beginning ofthe test at the time the burner is turned

on with a stopwatch. ifno nameplate value is given. Set tIG=O and PEIG=O ifthe device on-time is less than or equal to 5 seconds after the burner is on.

8.2 Gas- andoil-fueledgravityandforced air centralfurnaces withoutstack dampers cool-down test. Turn offthe main burner after steady-state testing is completed. and measure the flue gas temperature bymeans ofthe thermocouple grid described in section 7.6 ofANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 at 1.5 minutes (TF.OFF(t3)) and 9 minutes (TF.OFF(tt)) after the burner shuts off. An integral draft diverter shall remainblocked and insulated. and the stack restriction shall remain in place. On atmospheric systems with an integral draft diverter or draft hood. equipped with either an electromechanical inlet damper or an electro-mechanical flue damper that closes within 10 seconds after theburner shuts offto restrict the flow through the heat exchanger in the off-cycle. bypass or adjust the control for the electromechanical damper

so that the damper remains open during the cool-down test. For furnaces that employ post purge. measure the length ofthe postpurge period with a stopwatch. The time from burner OFF to combustion blower OFF (electrically de-energized) shall be recorded

as tp. For the case where tp is intended to be greater than 180 seconds. stop the combustion blower at 180 seconds and use that value for tp. Measure the flue gas temperature bymeans ofthe thermocouple grid described in section 7.6 ofANSI/ ASHRAE 103-1993 atthe end ofpost-purge period. tp (TF.oFF(t p )). and at the time (1.5 + tp

) minutes (TF

.oFF(t3)) and (9.0 + tp ) minutes (TF.OFF(t4)) after the main burner shuts off. Forthe case where the measured tp is less than or equal to 30 seconds. it shall be tested

as ifthere is no postpurge and tp shall be
set equal to O.

8.3 Gas- andoil-fueledgravityandforced air centralfurnaces withoutstack dampers with adjustablefan control-coal-down test. For a furnace with adjustable fan control. this time delay will be 3.0 minutes for noncondensingfurnaces or 1.5 minutes for condensingfurnaces or until the supply air temperature drops to a value of40°F above the inlet air temperature. whichever results in the longestfan on-time. For a furnace without adjustable fan control or with the type ofadjustable fan control whose range of adjustment does not allow for the delay time specified above. the control shall bebypassed and the fan manually controlled to give the delay times specified above. For a furnace which employs a single motor to drive the
power burner and the indoor air circulating blower. the power burner and indoor air circulating blower shall be stopped together.

8.4 Gas-and oil-fueled boilers without stack dampers cool-down test. After steadystate testing has been completed. turn the mainburner(s) OFF and measure the flue gas temperature at 3.75 (TF

.oFF(t3)) and 22.5 (TF.oFF(tt)) minutes after the burner shut off. using the thermocouple grid described in section 7.6 ofANSI!ASHRAE 103-1993. During this off-period. for units that do not have pump delay after shutoff. no water shall be allowed to circulate through the hot water boilers. For units that have pump delay on shutoff. except those having pump controls sensing water temperature. the pump shall be stopped by the unit control and the time t+

. betweenburner shutoffand pump shutoff shall be measured within one-second
accuracy. For units having pump delay controls that sense watertemperature. the
pump shall be operated for 15 minutes and
t+ shall be 15 minutes. While the pump is operating. the inlet water temperature and flow rate shall be maintained at the same values as used during the steady-state test as specified in sections 9.1 and 8.4.2.3 ofANSI! ASHRAE 103-1993.

For boilers that employ post purge.

measure the length ofthe post-purge period with a stopwatch. The time from burner OFF
to combustion blower OFF (electrically deenergized) shall be recorded as tp. For the

case where tp is intended to be greater than

### 26158 Federal Register / 

### Vol. 62, No, 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

180 seconds, stop the combustion blower at 180 seconds and use that value for tp. Measure the flue gas temperature by means ofthe thermocouple grid described in section 7.6 ofANSI/ASHRAE 103-1993 atthe end of the post purge period tp(TF.OFF(tP)) and at the tirre (3.75 + tp) minutes (TF ,OFF(t3» and (22.5

+ tp) minutes (TF

.oFF(14» after the main burner shuts off. For the case where the measured tp is less or equal to 30 seconds, it shall be tested as ifthere is no post purge and tp shall be set to equal O.

8.5 Direct measurement ofoff-cycle losses testingmethod. [Reserved.]

9.0 Nomenclature. Nomenclature shall include the nomenclature specified in section 10 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103- 1993 and the following additional variables: Effmotor=Efficiency ofpowerburner motor PE1o=Electrical power to the interrupted ignition device, kW RT,a=RT,F ifflue gas is measured

=RT,s ifstackgas is measured RT,FRatio ofcombustion air mass flow rate to stoichiometric air mass flow rate RT,s=Ratio ofthe sum ofcombustion air and reliefair mass flow rate to stoichiometric air mass flow rate tlO=Electrical interrupted ignition device ontime, min. Ta,ss,x=TF,SS,X ifflue gas temperature is measured, of = Ts,ss,x ifstackgas temperature is

measured, of YlO=ratio ofelectrical interrupted ignition device on-time to average burner on-time yp=ratio ofpower burner combustionblower on-time to average burneron-time
10.0 Calculation ofderived resultsfrom
test measurements. Calculations shall be as specified in section 11 ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 and the October 24,1996, Errata Sheet for ASHRAE Standard 103- 1993, except for appendices Band C; and as specified in sections 10.1 through 10.8 and Figure 1 ofthis appendix.

10.1 Annualfuel utilization efficiency. The annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) is as defined in sections 11.2.12 (noncondensing systems), 11.3.12 (condensing systems), 11.4.12 (non-condensing modulating systems) and 11.5.12 (condensing modulating systems) ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993. except for the definition for the term EffYHs in the defining equation for AFUE, EffYHs is defined as: EffyHs=heating seasonal efficiency as defined in sections 11.2.11 (non-condensing systems), 11.3.11 (condensing systems), 11.4.11 (non-condensingmodulating systems) and 11.5.11 (condensing modulating systems) ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 and is based onthe assumptions that all weatherized warm airfurnaces orboilers are located out-ofdoors, that warm airfurnaces which are not weatherized are installed as isolated combustion systems, and thatboilers which are not weatherized are installed indoors.
10.2 National average burneroperating hours, average annualfuel energy consumption andaverage annual auxiliary electrical energy consumptionfor gas oroil furnaces and boilers. 10.2.1 National average numberofburner operatinghours. For furnaces and boilers equipped with single stage controls, the national average number ofburner operating hours is defined as: BOHss=2,080 (0.77) A DHR-2,080 B
where: 2,080=national average heating load hours 0.77=adjustmentfactor to adjust the calculated design heatingrequirement and heating load hours to the actual heating load experienced bythe heating system DHR=typical design heating requirements as listed inTable 8 (in unit ofkBtu/h) of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, using the propervalue ofQOUT defined in 11.2.8.1 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 A=100,000 I [34l,300(ypPE+ylOPElO+yBE)+(QIW Qp)EffyHsl. for forced draft unit, indoors =100,000 I [341,300(ypPE

Effmotor+YloPElo+y BE)+(QIN-Qp)EffYHs]' for forced draft unit, ICS, =100,000 I [341,300(ypPE(1-

Effmotor)+YloPElo+y BE)+(QIN-Qp)EffyHs], for induced draft unit, indoors, and =100,000 I [341,300(yloPElO+yBE)+(QINQp)EffyHs], for induced draft unit, ICS B=2 Qp(EffyHs)(A) I 100,000 where:
Effmotor=Power burnermotor efficiency prOVided bymanufacturer, =0.50, an assumed defaultpowerburner

efficiency ifnot provided by manufacturer. 100,000=factor that accounts for percent and kBtu PE=burner electrical power input atfull-load steady-state operation, including electrical ignition device ifenergized, as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 yp=ratio ofinduced or forced draft blower ontime to average burner on-time, as follows: 1 for units without post purge; 1+(tp/3.87) for single stage furnaces with

postpurge; l+(tp /lO) for two-stage and step modulating furnaces with post purge; 1 +(t p/9.68) for single stage boilers with post purge; or 1+(t p/15) for two stage and step modulating boilers with post purge. PElO=e1ectrical input rate to the interrupted ignition device on burner (ifemployed),

as defined in 8.1 ofthis appendix Ylo=ratio ofburner interrupted ignition device on-time to average burner ontime, as follows: 

### ofor burners not equipped with

interrupted ignitiondevice; (tlo/3.87) for single stage furnaces; (tloIlO) for two-stage and step modulating

furnaces; (t1o/9.68) for single stage boilers; or (tlO/15) for two stage and step modulating

boilers. t1o=on-time ofthe burner interrupted ignition device, as defined in 8.1 ofthis appendix tp=post purge time as defined in 8.2 (furnace)

or 8.4 (boiler) ofthis appendix =0 iftp is equal to or less than 30 second. y=ratio ofblower or pump on-time to average burneron-time, as follows: 1 for furnaces without fan delay; 1for boilers without a pump delay; 1+(t+-t-)/3.87 for single stage furnaces

with fan delay; 1+(t+-t-)/10 for two-stage and step

modulatingfurnaces with fan delay; l+(t+ 19.68) for single stage boilers with

pump delay; or 1 +(t+I 15) for two stage and step modulatingboilers with pump delay. BE=circulating air fan or water pump electrical energy input rate at full load steady-state operation, as defined in ANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 QIN=as defined in 11.2.8.1 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 Qp=as defined in 11.2.11 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 EffYHs=as defined in 11.2.11 (non-condensing systems) or 11.3.11.3 (condensing systems) ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, percent, and calculated on the basis of: ICS installation, for non-weatherized warm

airfurnaces; indoor installation, for non-weatherized

boilers; or outdoor installation, for furnaces and

boilers that are weatherized. 2=ratio ofthe average length ofthe heating

season in hours to the average heating load hours
t+=as defined in 9.5.1.2 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 or 8.4 ofthis appendix
t-=as defined in 9.6.1 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993
10.2.1.1 For furnaces and boilers equipped with two stage or step modulating controls the average annual energy used during the heating season, EM, is defined as: EM=(QIN- Qp) BOHss+(8,760

- 4,600)Qp
where: QIN=as defined in 11.4.8.1.1 ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 Qp=as defined in 11.4.12 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 BOHss=as defined in section 10.2.1 ofthis appendix, in which the weighted EffyHs

as defined in 11.4.11.3 or 11.5.11.3 of ANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 is used for calculating the values ofA and B, the term DHR is based on the value ofQOUT defined in 11.4.8.1.1 or 11.5.8.1.1 ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, and the term (ypPE+Y1oPE10+yBE) in the factor A is increased by the factor R, which is defined as: R=2.3 for two stage controls

=2.3 for step modulating controls when the

ratio ofminimum-to-maximum output is greater than or equal to 0.5 =3.0 for step modulating controls when the

ratio ofminimum-to-maximum output is less than 0.5 A= 100,000/[341,300(ypPE+YloPElo+y BE) R+(Q1N-Qp) EffYHs], for forced draft unit, indoors = 100,000/[341,300(ypPE Effmolor+YlOPElo+y

BE) R+(QIN-Qp)EffYHsl. for forced draft unit, ICS,

### Federal Register / 

### Vol. 62, No. 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 

### 26159

= 100.000/[341,300(ypPE(IEffmotor)+YIGPEIG+Y BE) R+(QIN

- Qp) EffYHsJ. for induced draft unit, indoors, and

= 100,000/[341.300(y IGPEIG+YBE) R+(QIN-Qp) EffyHsJ. for induced draft unit. ICS where:
Effmotor=Power burner motor efficiency provided by manufacturer, =0.50, an assumed defaultpowerburner

efficiency ifnone provided by manufacturer. EffYHs=as defined in 11.4.11.3 or 11.5.11.3 of ANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993, and calculated on the basis of: -ICS installation, for non-weatherized

warm air furnaces -indoor installation, for non-weatherized

boilers -outdoor installation, for furnaces and

boilers that are weatherized S,760=total number ofhours peryear 4,600=as specified in 11.4.12 ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993
10.2.1.2 For furnaces and boilers equipped with two stage or stepmodulating controls the national average number of burneroperating hours at the reduced operating mode is defined as: BOHR=XREM/QIN,R where:
XR=as defined in 11.4.S.7 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 EM=as defined in section 10.2.1.1 ofthis appendix QIN,R=as defined in 11.4.S.1.2 ofANSI! ASHRAE Standard 103-1993
10.2.1.3 For furnaces andboilers equipped with two stage controls the national average number ofburner operating hours atthe maximum operating mode (BOHH ) is defined as: BOHH=XHEM/QIN where:
XH=as defined in 11.4.S.6 ofANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993 EM=as defined in section 10.2.1.1 ofthis appendix QIN=as defined in 11.4.S.1.1 ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993
10.2.1.4 For furnaces and boilers equipped with step modulatingcontrols the national average number ofburner operating hours atthe modulating operating mode (BOHM ) is defined as: BOHM=XHEM/QIN,M where:
XH=as defined in 11.4.S.6 ofANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993 EM=as defined in section 10.2.1.1 ofthis appendix QIN,M=QOUT,MI(EffYss,MII00) QOUT,M=as defined in 11.4.S.10 or 11.5.S.1O ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, as appropriate Effyss,M=as defined in 11.4.S.S or 11.5.S.S of ANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993, as appropriate, in percent 100=factor that accounts for percent

10.2.2 Averageannualfuel energy consumptionforgas oroilfueledfurnaces or boilers. Forfurnaces orboilers equipped with single stage controls the average annual fuel
energy consumption (EF ) is expressed in Btu peryear and defined as: Ep=BOHss(QIN-Qp)+S,760 Qp
where:
BOHss=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix QIN=as defined in 11.2.S.1 ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 Qp=as defined in 11.2.11 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 S,760=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix

10.2.2.1 For furnaces orboilers equipped with either two stage or step modulating controls EF is defined as: Ep=EM + 4,600Qp where:
EM=as defined in 10.2.1.1 ofthis appendix 4,600=as specified in 11.4.12 ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 Qp=as defined in 11.2.11 ofANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993 10.2.3 Average annual auxiliaryelectrical
energy consumptionforgas oroilfueled furnaces orboilers. For furnaces or boilers equipped with single stage controls the
average annual auxiliary electrical consumption (EAE) is expressed in kilowatthours and defined as: EAE=BOHss(ypPE +yIGPE1G+yBE) where:
BOHss=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix PE=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix
yp=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix YIG=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix PEIG=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix
y=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix BE=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix

10.2.3.1 For furnaces or boilers equipped with two stage controls EAE is defined as: EAE=BOHR(yPPER+YIGPEIG+yBERl + BOHH(ypPEH+yIGPEIG+Y BERJ where:
BOHR=as defined in 10.2.1.2 ofthis appendix
yp=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix PER=as defined in9.1.2.2 and measured at the reduced fuel inputrate, ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 YIG=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix PE1G=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix
y=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix BER=as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993, measured at the reduced fuel inputrate BOHH=as defined in 10.2.1.3 ofthis appendix PEH=as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993, measured atthe maximum fuel inputrate BEH=as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSIIASHRAE Standard 103-1993, measured atthe maximum fuel inputrate 10.2.3.2 Forfurnaces orboilers eqUipped with step modulating controls EAE is defined

as: EAE=BOHR(yp PER+yIGPEIG+y BERl+BOHM(yPPEH+YIGPEIG+Y BEH ) where:
BOHR=as defined in 10.2.1.2 ofthis appendix
yp=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix PER=as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, measured at the reduced fuel inputrate YIG=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix PE1G=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix
y=as defined in 10.2.1. ofthis appendix BER=as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, measured at the reduced fuel inputrate BOHM=as defined in 10.2.1.4 ofthis appendix PEH=as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, measured at the maximum fuel input rate BEH=as defined in 9.1.2.2 ofANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, measured at the maximum fuel inputs rate 10.3 Averageannual electric energy consumptionfor electricfurnaces orboilers. For electric furnaces and boilers the average annual energy consumption (EEl is expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as: EE=100(2,OSO)(0.77)DHRI(3.412 AFUE)
where:
100=to express a percent as a decimal 2,OSO=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix O.77=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix DHR=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix 3.412=conversion to express energy in terms ofwatt-hours instead ofBtu AFUE=as defined in 11.1 ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103-1993, in percent, and calculated on the basis of: ICS installation, for non-weatherized warm

airfurnaces; indoor installation, for non-weatherized

boilers; or outdoor installation, for furnaces and

boilers that are weatherized. 10.4 Energyfactor. 10.4.1 Energyfactorforgas oroil furnaces and boilers. Calculate the energy factor, EF, for gas or oil furnaces and boilers defined as, in percent:



### (EF 

### -4,600 

### Qp) EffyHS**EF=~--~~~--~** 

### EF +3,412 

### EAE

where: EF=average annual fuel consumption as defined in 10.2.2 ofthis appendix. EAE=as defined in 10.2.3 ofthis appendix. EffYHs=Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency as defined in 11.2.11, 11.3.11, 11.4.11 or 11.5.11 ofANSII ASHRAE Standard 103- 1993, in percent, and calculated on the basis of: 

### rcs installation, for non-weatherized warm

airfurnaces;
indoor installation, for nonweatherized boilers; or

outdoor installation, for furnaces and

boilers that are weatherized. 3,412=conversion factor from kilowatt to Btul h 10.4.2 Energyfactorfor electricfurnaces andboilers. The energy factor, EF, for electric furnaces and boilers is defined as: EF=AFUE
where:
AFUE=Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency as defined in section 10.3 ofthis appendix, in percent 10.5 Average annual energy consumption forfurnaces and boilers located in a different geographic region ofthe United States andin

### 26160 Federal Register / 

### Vol. 62, No. 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

buildings with different design heating requirements.

10.5.1 Average annualfuel energy consumptionfor gas or oil-fueledfurnaces andboilers locatedin a differentgeographic region ofthe United States and in buildings with different design heatingrequirements. For gas oroil-fueled furnaces and boilers the
average annual fuel energy consumption for

a specific geographic region and a specific typical design heating requirement (EFR) is expressed in Btu peryear and defined as: EFR=(EF

- 8,760 Qp) (HLH/2,080)+8,760 Qp
where:
EF=as defined in 10.2.2 ofthis appendix 8,760=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 11.2.11 ofANSl/ ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 HLH=heating load hours for a specific geographic region determined from the heating load hourmap in Figure 1ofthis appendix 2,080=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix

10.5.2 Average annualauxiliaryelectrical
energy consumptionforgas oroil-fueled furnaces and boilers located in a different geographic region ofthe United States andin buildings with different design heating requirements. For gas or oil-fueled furnaces and boilers the average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption for a specific geographic region and a specific typical design heating requirement (EAERJ is expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as: EAER=EAE (HLH/2,080)
where:
EAE=as defined in 10.2.3 ofthis appendix HLH=as defined in 10.5.1 ofthis appendix 2,080=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix 10.5.3 Averageannual electric energy consumptionfor electricfurnaces andboilers located in a differentgeographic region ofthe United States andin buildings with different design heatingrequirements. For electric furnaces and boilers the average annual electric energy consumptionfor a specific geographic region and a specific typical design heating requirement (EERJ is expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as: EER=100 (0.77) DHR HLH!(3.412 AFUE)
where:
100=as specified in 10.3 ofthis appendix 0.77=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix DHR=as defined in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix HLH=as defined in 10.5.1 ofthis appendix 3.412=as specified in 10.3 ofthis appendix AFUE=as defined in 10.3 ofthis appendix, in percent 10.6 Annualenergy consumptionfor mobilehomefurnaces

10.6.1 National average numberof burner operatinghoursfor mobilehomefurnaces (BOHss). BOHss is the same as in 10.2.1 of this appendix, exceptthatthe value ofEffYHs in the calculation ofthe burner operating hours, BOHss, is calculated onthe basis ofa direct vent unit with system number 9 or 10.

10.6.2 Averageannualfuel energyfor mobilehomefurnaces (EF ). EF is same as in 10.2.2 ofthis appendix except that the burner operating hours, BOHss, is calculated as specified in 10.6.1 ofthis appendix.

10.6.3 AverageannualaUXiliary electrical
energy consumptionfor mobilehome furnaces (E AE

). EAE is the same as in 10.2.3 ofthis appendix, except that the burner operating hours, BOHss, is calculated as specified in 10.6.1 ofthis appendix. 10.7 Calculation of sales weighted
average annual energyconsumptionfor mobile homefurnaces. In order to reflect the distribution ofmobile homes to geographical regions with average HLHMHF value different from 2,080, adjust the annual fossil fuel and auxiliary electrical energy consumption values for mobile home furnaces usingthe following adjustment calculations.

10.7.1 Formobile home furnaces the sales weighted average annual fossil fuel energy consumption is expressed in Btu peryear and defined as: EF,MHF=(EF

- 8,760 Qp)HLHMHF!2,080+8,760 Qp
where:
EF=as defined in 10.6.2 ofthis appendix 8,760=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 11.2.11 ofANSI!ASHRAE Standard 103-1993 HLHMHF=1880, sales weighted average heating load hours for mobile home furnaces 2,080=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix

10.7.2 Formobile home furnaces the sales weighted average annual auxiliary electrical
energy consumption is expressed in kilowatthours and defined as: EAE,MHF=EAEHLHMHF!2,080
where:
EAE=as defined in 10.6.3 ofthis appendix HLHMHF=as defined in 10.7.1 ofthis appendix 2,080=as specified in 10.2.1 ofthis appendix

10.8 Direct determination ofoff-cycle lossesforfurnaces andboilers equipped with thermal stack dampers. [Reserved.]

BILLING COOE 6450-01-Ptil 

# i

n o o m 

# !

b 

## EE·RM·93·501 COMMENT 115

Federal Register / VoL 62, No. 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 I 

### Rules and Regulations 

### 26161



## 3,000 2,500

Alaska: 3,500
Hawaii and territories: 0

This map is reasonably accuratefor most parts ofthe United States but is 

### necessarily generalized, andconsequently nottoo accurateinmountainous regions, particularly 

## intherockies.



## FIGURE 1- HEATING LOAD HOURS (HLH) 

## FORTHE UNITED STATES

### 26162 Federal Register / 

### Vol. 62, No. 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and Regulations

6. Appendix 0 to subpart B ofpart 430 is amended as follows:
Appendix 0 to Subpart B ofPart 430- Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption ofVented Home Heating Equipment

a. Section 3.5 is revised to read as follows:

3.5 Pilot lightmeasurement. 3.5.1 Measure the energy inputrate to the pilot light (Qp) with an errorno greater than 3 percent for vented heaters so equipped.

3.5.2 Formanually controlled heaters where the pilotlight is designed to be turned offby the user when the heater is notin use. that is. turningthe control to the OFF position will shut offthe gas supplyto the burner(s} and to the pilotlight. the
measurement ofQp is not needed. This provision applies only ifan instruction to turn offthe unit is provided on the heater

near the gas control valve (e.g. bylabel) by the manufacturer.

b. Section 4.2.4 is revised to read as follows:

4.2.4 Weighted-average steady-state efficiency.

4.2.4.1 For manually controlled heaters withvarious inputrates the weighted average steady-state efficiency (T\ss

- WT). is determined as follows:

(1) at 50 percent ofthe maximum fuel input rate as measured in either section 3.1.1 ofthis appendix for manually controlled gas vented heaters or section 3.1.2 ofthis appendixfor manually controlled oil vented heaters. or

(2) atthe minimum fuel input rate as measured in either section 3.1.1 to this



### AFUE = 

### 2,950 

### 11ss 11u Qin-max appendix for manually controlled gas vented heaters or section 3.1.2 to this appendix for manually controlled oil vented heaters ifthe design ofthe heater is such that the 

### ±5 percent of50 percent ofthe maximum fuel input rate cannotbe set. provided this minimum rate is no greater than 213 of maximum input rate ofthe heater.

4.2.4.2 For manually controlled heater with one single firing rate the weighted
average steady-state efficiency is the steadystate efficiency measured at the single firing
rate.

c. Section 4.2.6 is revised to read as follows:

4.2.6 AnnualFuel Utilization Efficiency. 4.2.6.1 For manually controlled vented heaters. calculate the AFUE expressed as a percent and defined as:



### 2,950 11ss Qin-max +2.083(4,600)11u Qp

where: 2.950=average number of heating degree days T\ss=as defined as T\ss-WT in 4.2.4 ofthis appendix T\u=as defined in 4.2.5 ofthis appendix Qin-max=as defined as Qin at the maximum fuel input rate. as defined in 3.1 ofthis appendix 4.600=average number ofnon-heating season hours per year Qp=as defined in 3.5 ofthis appendix 2.083=(65-15}/24=50/24 65=degree day base temperature. OF 15=national average outdoor design temperature for vented heaters as defined in section 4.1.10 of this appendix 24=number of hours in a day

4.2.6.2 For manually controlled vented heaters where the pilot light canbe turned offby the user when the heater is not in use

as described in section 3.5.2. calculate the AFUE expressed as a percent and defined as: AFUE=T\u where: T\u=as defined in section 4.2.5 ofthis appendix

d. Section 4.3.7 is revised to read as follows:



### AFUE = 

### 2,950 

### 11SS-WT 11u Qin-max 4.3.7 Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency. Calculate the AFUE expressed as a percent and defined as:



### 2,950 

### 11SS-WT Qin-max +2.083(4,600)11u Qp

where: 2.950=average number ofheating degree days T\ss-WT=as defined in 4.1.16 ofthis appendix T\u=as defined in 4.3.6 ofthis appendix Qin-max=as defined in 4.2.6 ofthis appendix 4.600=as specified in 4.2.6 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 3.5 ofthis appendix 2.083=as specified in 4.2.6 ofthis appendix

e. Add section 4.6 after section 4.5.3 and before the table 1 to read as follows:

4.6 Annual energy consumption.
4.6.1 National average numberof burner operatinghours. For vented heaters equipped with Single stage controls ormanual controls. the national average number ofburner operating hours (BOH) is defined as: BOHss=1.416AF A DHR-1.416 B where:
1.416=national average heating load hours for vented heaters based on 2.950 degree days and 15°F outdoor design temperature AF=0.7067. adjustmentfactor to adjustthe calculated design heating requirement and heating load hours to the actual heating load experienced by the heating system DHR=typical design heatingrequirements based on QOUT. from Table 4 ofthis' appendix. QouT=[(T\ss/100} -C; (L/100)] Qin y=jacket loss as defined in 4.1.5 ofthis appendix Cj=2.8. adjustmentfactor as defined in 4.3.6 ofthis appendix T\ss=steady-state efficiency as defined in 4.1.10 ofthis appendix, percent Qin=as defined in 3.1 ofthis appendix atthe maximum fuel input rate A=I00,000/[341,300PE +(Qin

- Qp}T\ul B=2.938(Qp} T\u A/IOO,OOO 100,000=factor that accounts for percent and kBtu PE=as defined in 3.1.3 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 3.5 ofthis appendix T\u=as defined in 4.3.6 ofthis appendix for vented heaters using the tracer gas method, percent

=as defined in 4.2.5 ofthis appendix for

manually controlled vented heaters. percent =2,950 AFUET\ss Q in/[2,950 T\ss QinAFUE(2.083)(4,600}Qp], for vented heaters equipped without manual controls and without thermal stack dampers and not using the optional
tracer gas method, where: AFUE=as defined in 4.1.17 ofthis appendix. percent 2,950=average number ofheating degree days

as defined in 4.2.6 ofthis appendix 4,600=average number ofnon-heating season hours peryear as defined in 4.2.6 ofthis appendix

### Federal Register / Vol. 62, No, 91 / Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 

### 26163

2.938=(4,160/1,4 16)=ratio ofthe average length ofthe heating season in hours to the average heating load hours 2.083=as specified in 4.2.6 ofthis appendix

4.6.1.1 For vented heaters equipped with
two stage or step modulating controlsthe national average number ofburner operating hours at the reduced operating mode is defined as: BOHR=XjEM/Qred_in
where: Xj=as defined in 4.1.14 ofthis appendix Qred-in=as defined in 4.1.11 ofthis appendix EM=average annual energy used during the heating season =(Qin-Qp)BOHss+(8,760-4,600)Qp Qin=as defined in 3.1 ofthis appendix at the maximum fuel input rate Qp=as defined in 3.5 ofthis appendix BOHss=as defined in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix, in which the term PEin the factor A is increased by the factor R. which is defined in 3.1.3 ofthis appendix as: R= 1.3 for two stage controls

= 1.4 for step modulating controls when the

ratio ofminimum-to-maximum fuel input is greater than or equal to 0.7

=1.7 for step modulating controls when the

ratio ofminimum-to-maximum fuel input is less than 0.7 and greater than or equal to 0.5 =2.2 for step modulating controls when the

ratio ofminimum-to-maximum fuel input is less than 0.5 A=100,000/[341,300 PE R+(Qin

- Qp)T]ul 8,760=tota1 number ofhours peryear 4,600=as specified in 4.2.6 ofthis appendix

4.6.1.2 For vented heaters equipped with
two stage or step modulating controls the national average number ofburner operating hours at the maximum operating mode (BOHH.l is defined as: BOHH=X2EM /Qin where:
X2=as defined in 4.1.15 ofthis appendix EM=average annual energy used during the heating season =(Qin- Qp)BOHss+(8,760

- 4,600)Qp Qin=as defined in 3.1 ofthis appendix atthe maximum fuel input rate 4.6.2 Averageannualfuel energyforgas

oroilfueled ventedheaters. For vented heaters equipped with single stage controls

or manual controls, the average annual fuel
energy consumption (EF ) is expressed in Btu
peryear and defined as: EF=BOHss (Qin-Qp)+8,760 Qp where:
BOHss=as defined in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix Qin=as defined in 3.1 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 3.5 ofthis appendix 8,760=as specified in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix

4.6.2.1 For vented heaters equipped with either two stage or step modulating controls EF is defined as: E

F =EM +4,600Qp
where:

EM=as defined in 4.6.1.2 ofthis appendix 4,600=as specified 4.2.6 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 3.5 ofthis appendix

4.6.3 Average annualauxiliaryelectrical
energy consumptionfor ventedheaters. For vented heaters with single stage controls or manual controls the average annual auxiliary electrical consumption (EAE) is expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as: EAE=BOHssPE
where:
BOHss=as defined in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix PE=as defined in 3.1.3 ofthis appendix

4.6.3.1 For vented heaters equipped with

two stage or modulating controls EAE is defined as: E

AE=(BOHR+BOHH.lPE where:
BOHR=as defined in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix**BOH~as** defined in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix PE=as defined in 3.1.3 ofthis appendix

4.6.4 Average annual energy consumptionfor ventedheaters located in a differentgeographiC region ofthe United States and in buildings with different design heatingrequirements.

4.6.4.1 Averageannualfuel energy consumptionfor gas oroilfueled vented homeheaters located in a different geographiC region ofthe United States andin buildings with different design heating requirements. For gas or oil fueled vented heaters the average annual fuel energy consumption for a specific geographic region and a specific typical design heating requirement (EFRl is expressed in Btu per year and defined as: EFR=(EF

- 8,760 Qp)(HLHll,416)+8,760Qp
where:

EFas defined in 4.6.2 ofthis appendix 8,760=as specified in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 3.5 ofthis appendix HLH=heating load hours for a specific geographic region determined from the heating load hour map in Figure 3 ofthis appendix 1,416=as specified in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix

4.6.4.2 Averageannualauxiliary electrical energyconsumptionforgas oroil fueled ventedhomeheaters located in a differentgeographic region ofthe United States and in buildings with different design heatingrequirements. For gas or oil fueled vented home heaters the average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption for a specific geographic region and a specific typical design heating requirement (EAEa) is expressed in kilowatt-hours and defined as: EAER=EAE HLH/1,416
where:
EAE=as defined in 4.6.3 ofthis appendix HLH=as defined in 4.6.4.1 ofthis appendix 1,416=as specified in 4.6.1 ofthis appendix



### f. Table 4 and Figure 3 are added to the end ofappendix 0 to subpart B of 10 CFR part 430 to read as follows:

TABLE 4,-AVERAGE DESIGN HEATING REQUIREMENTS FOR VENTED HEATERS WITH DIFFERENT OUTPUT CAPACITIES

Vented heaters output capacity Qout-(Btulhr)

5,000-7,499

.............................. 7,500-10,499

............................ 10,500-13,499

.......................... 13,500-16,499

.......................... 16,500-19,499

.......................... 19,500-22,499

.......................... 22,500-26,499

.......................... 26,500-30,499

.......................... 30,500-34,499

.......................... 34,500-38,499

.......................... 38,500-42,499

.......................... 42,500-46,499

.......................... 46,500-51,499

.......................... 51,500-56,499

.......................... 56,500-61,499

.......................... 61,500-66,499

.......................... 66,500-71,499

.......................... 71,500-76,500

..........................

BILLING CODE 6450-01-P Average design heating

requirements (kBtu/hr)

5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15,0 17.5 20.5 23.5 26.5 30.0 33.5 36.5 40.0 44.0 48.0 52.0 56.0 60.0

## EE·RM·93·501 COMMENT 115

26164 Federal Register / Vol. 62, 

### No. 91 / 

### Monday, May 12, 1997 / 

### Rules and Regulations

!!!



### ,... c z G)
o 

### g

m**~**

# ~ b 

## 3,000 2,500

2,50

2,000 1,500

Alaska: RI CT 

## NJ



## E2,OOO
MD



## 1,500



## Hawaii andterritories : 3,500 

# o

This map is reasonably accurate for most parts ofthe United States but is necessarily generalized, and consequently not too accurate in mountainous regions, particularly in the rockies.

FIGURE3·HEATING LOAD HOURS (HLH) FORTHEUNITED STATES

### Federal Register / 

### Vol. 62, No. 91 / 

### Monday, May 12, 1997 / Rules and Regulations 26165

7. Appendix P to Subpart BofPart 430 is revised to read as follows:
Appendix P to SubpartB ofPart 430- Uniform Test Method for Measuring the Energy Consumption ofPool Heaters

1. Testmethod. The test method for testing pool heaters is as specified inAmerican National Standards Institute Standard for Gas-Fired Pool Heaters. Z21.56-1994.

2. Test conditions. Establish the test conditions specified in section 2.9 ofANSI Z21.56-1994.

3. Measurements. Measure the quantities delineated in section 2.9 ofANSI Z21.56- 1994. The measurement ofenergy consumption for oil-fired pool heaters in Btu is to be carried out in appropriate units. e.g

.. gallons.

4. Calculations. 4.1 Thermal efficiency. Calculate the thermal effiCiency. E t (expressed as a percent). as specified in section 2.9 ofANSI Z21.56-1994. The expression offuel consumption for oil-fired pool heaters shall be in Btu.

4.2 Averageannualfossilfuel energyfor poolheaters. The average annual fuel energy for pool heater. E F

;is defined as: EF=BOH QIN+(pOH

- BOH)Qp where: BOH=average number ofburner operating hours=104 h POH=average number ofpool operating hours=4464 h QIN=rated fuel energy input as defined according to 2.9.1 or 2.9.2 ofANSI Z21.56-1994. as appropriate Qp=energy consumption ofcontinuously operating pilotlight ifemployed. in Btu/h.
4.3 Averageannualauxiliaryelectrical
energy consumptionforpoolheaters. The
average annual auxiliary electrical energy consumption for pool heaters. E AE

. is expressed in Btu and defined as: EAE=BOHPE
where:
PE=2Ecifheater tested according to 2.9.1 of ANSI Z21.56-1994 =3.412 PErated ifheater tested according to

2.9.2 ofANSI Z21.56-1994. in Btu/h Ec=Electrical consumption ofthe heater (converted to equivalent unit ofBtu). indudingthe electrical energy to the recirculating pump ifused. during the 30-minute thermal efficiency test. as defined in 2.9.1 ofANSI Z21.56-1994. in Btu per 30 min. 2=Conversion factor to convert unitfrom per 30 min. to per h. PErated=nameplate rating ofauxiliary electrical eqUipment ofheater. in Watts BOH=as defined in 4.2 ofthis appendix

4A Heatingseasonal efficiency. 4.4.1 Calculate the seasonal useful output ofthe pool heater as: EoUT=BOH [(ErllOO)(QIN+PE)) where: BOH=as defined in 4.2 ofthis appendix Et=thermal efficiency as defined in 4.1 ofthis appendix QIN=as defined in 4.2 ofthis appendix PE=as defined in 4.3 ofthis appendix 100=conversion factor. from percent to fraction
4.4.2 Calculate the seasonal inputto the pool heater as: EIN=BOH (QIN+PE)+(pOH

- BOH) Qp
where: BOH=as defined in 4.2 ofthis appendix QIN=as defined in 4.2 ofthis appendix PE=as defined in 4.3 ofthis appendix POH=as defined in 4.2 ofthis appendix Qp=as defined in 4.2 ofthis appendix

4.4.3 Calculate thepoolheaterheating seasonal efficiency (in percent).

4.4.3.1 For pool heaters employing a continuous pilot light:
EFFYHS= 1 00(EOUT/EIN) where:
EOUT=as defined in 4.4.1 ofthis appendix EIN=as defined in 4.4.2 ofthis appendix 100=to convert a fraction to percent

4.4.3.2 For pool heaters without a continuous pilot light:
EFFYHS=Et where:
Et=as defined in 4.1 ofthis appendix. [FR Doc. 97-10608 Filed 5-9-97: 8:45 am)

BILLING CODE 645Q-Ol-P