J-A21018-22

2022 Pa Super 198

MANDY MICHELLE DEROSA

v.

WILLIAM JOSEPH GORDON AND 

KERRON REGIS, INTERVENER

APPEAL OF: WILLIAM JOSEPH 

GORDON

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1121 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Order Entered March 22, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County 

Civil Division at 2018-007523

MANDY MICHELLE DEROSA

v.

WILLIAM JOSEPH GORDON AND 

KERRON REGIS, INTERVENER

APPEAL OF: WILLIAM JOSEPH 

GORDON

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1122 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Order Entered March 22, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County 

Civil Division at 2018-007523
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KERRON REGIS

v.

MANDY MICHELLE DEROSA AND 

WILLIAM JOSEPH GORDON

APPEAL OF: WILLIAM JOSEPH 

GORDON

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1123 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Order Entered March 22, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County 

Domestic Relations at 2019-001947

KERRON REGIS

v.

MANDY MICHELLE DEROSA AND 

WILLIAM JOSEPH GORDON

APPEAL OF: WILLIAM JOSEPH 

GORDON

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 IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

 PENNSYLVANIA

 No. 1124 EDA 2022

Appeal from the Order Entered March 22, 2022

In the Court of Common Pleas of Delaware County 

Domestic Relations at 2019-001947

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., MURRAY, J., and McCAFFERY, J.

OPINION BY MURRAY, J.: FILED NOVEMBER 22, 2022

In these consolidated appeals, William Joseph Gordon (Husband), 

appeals from two related orders granting the request of Kerron Regis 
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(Appellee), who sought DNA testing in the separate paternity and custody 

actions involving Husband, Mandy Michelle DeRosa (Mother), and the male 

child (L.G.), born in August 2016.

1

The trial court entered the two orders at the paternity and custody

dockets. Husband’s appeals at 1123 EDA 2022 and 1124 EDA 2022 are from 

the paternity docket; his appeals at 1121 EDA 2022 and 1122 EDA 2022 are 

from the custody docket. After careful consideration, we affirm the orders at 

1123 EDA 2022 and 1124 EDA 2022 (paternity docket), and quash the 

duplicative appeals at 1121 EDA 2022 and 1122 EDA 2022 (custody docket).

2

The trial court summarized the underlying facts as follows:

L.G. was born to [Mother, while married to Husband]. [Mother]

testified that she and [Husband] established a sexually open 

marriage and were both “swingers” who tolerated each other’s 

sexual encounters with others. L.G., being born biracial[,] was 

not remarkable to [Husband,] since [Husband] was aware of the 

ongoing sexual relationship and [M]other’s routine sexual 

intercourse with [Appellee], who is African American. All of the 

parties appear to have either expressly and/or tacitly 

acknowledged [Appellee] as a peculiarly special person in L.G.’s 

life.2 There has been some testimony that the parties 

acknowledge [Appellee’s] probable paternity of L.G., since they 

have referred to [Appellee] as the “sperm donor” for L.G.

____________________________________________

1 Although interlocutory, an order requiring blood tests to determine paternity 

is immediately appealable. Jones v. Trojak, 634 A.2d 201, 204 (Pa. 1993).

2 On March 22, 2022, at both dockets, the trial court entered an: (1) order 

granting Appellee’s petition to intervene in the custody action; (2) order 

granting Appellee’s petition for DNA testing to proceed in the paternity action; 

and (3) order and opinion granting both petitions.
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2 Testimony presented to the court made it clear that after L.G.’s 

birth, all three parties were aware L.G. was fathered by 

[Appellee].

Order, 3/22/22, at 2 (footnote in original).

Appellee testified that he went to the hospital when L.G. was born. N.T., 

6/24/19, at 40, 44-45, 52-53. He testified that Husband indicated Appellee 

was L.G.’s father, and “handed [L.G.] over to me.” Id. at 53. However, 

Appellee declined when Husband asked whether Appellee wanted his name on 

L.G.’s birth certificate. Id. at 40, 44-45, 52-53. Appellee stated, “I did not 

for the simple fact that I thought it would create problems in their marriage 

[and] their household.” Id. at 53. Husband is named as the father on L.G.’s 

birth certificate. 

In August 2018, when L.G. turned two, Mother separated from Husband 

and relocated with L.G.

3

 N.T., 1/24/22, at 54. On September 24, 2018, 

Mother filed for divorce from Husband, and included a custody count in her 

divorce complaint.4 On January 2, 2019, Appellee filed a petition to intervene 

in the custody matter; Husband filed preliminary objections and a new matter

in response. 

____________________________________________

3 Appellee and Mother testified that their sexual relationship ended around 

July 2018. N.T., 6/24/19, at 33, 65. 

4 The parties’ divorce remained pending during the paternity and custody 

proceedings.
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On March 6, 2019, Appellee initiated a paternity action contesting the 

presumption of Husband’s paternity and requesting a DNA test.5 Petition to 

Establish Paternity, 3/6/19, at ¶ 9. Appellee further requested, if DNA testing 

established his paternity, that the trial court issue an order designating him 

as L.G.’s father. Husband filed preliminary objections, which included a new 

matter asserting that Appellee’s request was barred by the doctrines of 

presumption of paternity and paternity by estoppel.

The trial court held an evidentiary hearing on June 24, 2019.

6

 Husband 

testified and presented the testimony of Appellee as on cross. Mother also 

testified. The trial court denied Husband’s preliminary objections on October 

22, 2019, by two separate orders entered on the custody and paternity 

dockets.

7

 The trial court scheduled an evidentiary hearing on Appellee’s 

petitions for December 2, 2019. 

____________________________________________

5 On January 7, 2019, Mother filed a “Petition to Disestablish” Husband’s 

paternity at the Pennsylvania Child Support Enforcement System (PACSES) 

docket associated with her child support action against Husband. Husband 

filed preliminary objections. Mother’s petition is pending. 

6 The notes of testimony are not in the certified record. However, Husband

has included a copy of the notes of testimony in his reproduced record. 

Because no party disputes their authenticity, we consider the notes of 

testimony in Husband’s reproduced record. See Commonwealth v.

Holston, 211 A.3d 1264, 1276 (Pa. Super. 2019) (en banc) 

(citing Commonwealth v. Brown, 52 A.3d 1139, 1145 n.4 (Pa. 2012)).

7 By separate orders on October 21, 2019, filed at both the PACSES and 

custody dockets, the trial court denied Husband’s preliminary objections 

and/or motion to dismiss Mother’s petition to disestablish paternity. 
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On November 12, 2019, Husband filed an answer and new matter to 

Appellee’s petition to establish paternity. Husband repeated his claims of 

presumption of paternity and paternity by estoppel. Husband asserted that 

he and Mother “have held out” L.G. as Husband’s child, “and of the marriage 

since before the minor child’s birth.” Answer to Petition to Establish Paternity 

and New Matter, 11/12/19, at ¶ 15. Appellee filed an answer to the new 

matter on November 21, 2019. The hearing was continued to March 16, 2020. 

For reasons unspecified in the record, the hearing did not occur. 

Appellee filed the next relevant pleading on the paternity docket on 

February 16, 2021. Appellee repeated his request for DNA testing, and if the 

testing confirmed Appellee’s paternity, an order designating Appellee as L.G.’s 

father and scheduling a custody trial. Petition to Order DNA Testing, 2/16/21,

at ¶¶ 9, 11. Husband filed an answer and new matter on March 1, 2021. 

On December 17, 2021, Mother filed an emergency custody petition 

alleging, inter alia, that Husband had sexually abused L.G. during an overnight 

visit.8 Emergency Petition, 12/17/21, at ¶¶ 16-21. Mother requested sole 

legal custody and the suspension of Husband’s partial physical custody.

Although Appellee’s petition to intervene was pending, Appellee filed a 

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8 An April 22, 2020 custody order was in effect at the time. Mother and 

Husband shared legal custody; Mother had primary physical custody; and 

Husband had partial physical custody every Wednesday and alternating 

weekends. 
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response to Mother’s emergency petition and requested that the court grant 

Mother relief. Husband filed a motion seeking to strike Appellee’s answer

because he was not a party to the custody action. Appellee answered that his 

petition to intervene

was filed years ago and never heard by the [c]ourt, yet the 

[c]ourt, after several interim hearings, has repeatedly stated that 

Intervenor is considered a part of the action. The failure of 

Intervenor’s Petition to Intervene to be heard has been no fault of 

Intervenor.

Answer to Motion to Strike, 12/21/21, at ¶ 2. Finally, on January 21, 2022, 

Husband filed an amended answer to the emergency petition, new matter, 

and motion to strike Appellee’s answer.

The court convened a hearing on January 24, 2022. Mother testified,

and presented testimony from Appellee, as well as Mother’s mother, L.K., and 

caseworker, Eric Urgiles, who was present when L.G. was interviewed about 

Mother’s allegations of sexual abuse. Husband testified, and presented 

testimony from his girlfriend, La.Gl. The child, L.G., was five years old and in 

kindergarten at the time. The trial court interviewed L.G. in camera. By order 

entered January 27, 2022, the court denied Mother’s emergency custody

petition and directed that Mother and Husband adhere to the April 22, 2020 

custody order.

On March 22, 2022, the trial granted Appellee’s petition for DNA testing 

in orders entered on the paternity and custody dockets. The court also 

granted Appellee’s petition to intervene and directed that Appellee “be named 
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as a party in this custody action.” Order, 3/22/22. Finally, by order and 

opinion entered on the custody and paternity dockets, the court (1) granted 

Appellee’s petition to order DNA testing and petition to intervene; (2) directed 

the parties to advise the court within ten days whether an additional hearing 

was required for Mother’s petition to disestablish paternity filed on the PACSES 

docket; and (3) provided “should the court receive no notice from the parties 

within ten (10) days, a date shall be set for a hearing on” the paternity and 

custody actions. Order and Opinion, 3/22/22. The court explained:

[Appellee] contends DNA testing should be ordered to ascertain 

his paternity of [L.G.] ... [Husband] contend[s] the doctrines of 

presumption of paternity and paternity by estoppel bar such DNA 

testing to establish [Appellee]’s paternity and his subsequent 

intervention in the pending custody proceedings pertaining to L.G. 

After a review of the record, a hearing held on January 24, 2022, 

and written briefs submitted on behalf of the parties, this [c]ourt 

finds the arguments against [Appellee]’s intervention in the 

custody matter and DNA testing unavailing for the reasons set 

forth hereinbelow. This court shall grant [Appellee]’s intervention 

and order the requested DNA testing. Depending upon the results 

thereof, this [c]ourt shall address the paternity suit of [Appellee] 

and determine whether a modification of custody is in the best 

interests of the child.

Order and Opinion, 3/22/22, at 3.

On April 21, 2022, Husband timely filed four separate notices of appeal

along with concise statements of errors complained of on appeal pursuant to 
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Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a)(2)(i) and (b), which this Court consolidated sua sponte.

9

 

The trial court filed a Rule 1925(a) opinion on June 9, 2022.

Husband presents the following issues for review:

1. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err by granting the request for DNA 

testing prior to deciding and disposing of the [p]aternity by 

[e]stoppel claim?

2. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err by deciding the [p]aternity by 

[e]stoppel claim without a hearing on the matter?

3. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err by failing to provide notice that the 

[p]aternity by [e]stoppel claim was being heard?

4. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err by failing to analyze the best 

interest factors when deciding the [p]aternity by [e]stoppel claim?

5. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err by deciding the [p]aternity by 

[e]stoppel claim because the record does not support the 

decision?

Husband’s Brief at 8.10 

We review the trial court’s orders granting paternity testing for an abuse 

of discretion. Vargo v. Schwartz, 940 A.2d 459, 462 (Pa. Super. 2007). 

An abuse of discretion exists if the trial court has overridden or 

misapplied the law, or if there is insufficient evidence to sustain 

the order. Moreover, resolution of factual issues is for the trial 

court, and a reviewing court will not disturb the trial court’s 

findings if they are supported by competent evidence. It is not 

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9 As discussed above, Husband’s appeals at 1121 EDA 2022 and 1122 EDA 

2022 are from two orders entered on the custody docket. Husband’s appeals 

at 1123 EDA 2022 and 1124 EDA 2022 are from the same two orders entered 

on the paternity docket.

10 Husband’s fourth issue is waived because he fails to address it in the 

argument section of his brief.
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enough [for reversal] that we, if sitting as a trial court, may have 

made a different finding.

Id. (citing Doran v. Doran, 820 A.2d 1279, 1282 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citations 

omitted)). It is well-settled that the trial court, sitting as factfinder, weighs 

the evidence and assesses credibility. Thus, the court “is free to believe all, 

part, or none of the evidence[,] and [we, as an appellate court,] will not 

disturb the credibility determinations of the court below.” Vargo v. 

Schwartz, 940 A.2d at 462 (citation omitted).

The legal determination of paternity of a child conceived or born during 

marriage derives from common law.

[F]irst, one considers whether the presumption of paternity 

applies to [the] particular case. If it does, one then considers 

whether the presumption has been rebutted. Second, if the 

presumption has been rebutted or is inapplicable, one then 

questions whether estoppel applies. Estoppel may bar either a 

plaintiff from making the claim or a defendant from denying 

paternity.

N.C. v. M.H., 923 A.2d 499, 502–03 (Pa. Super. 2007) (quoting Brinkley v. 

King, 701 A.2d 176, 180 (Pa. 1997) (plurality opinion)). 

The presumption of paternity is inapplicable when there is no longer an 

intact marriage to preserve. Fish v. Behers, 741 A.2d 721, 723 (Pa. 1999). 

Instantly, Husband does not claim error or abuse of discretion with the trial 

court’s determination that the presumption of paternity does not apply. The

record supports the court’s finding that Husband and Mother were “in the 

midst of divorce and related custody and support proceedings. [Mother]’s and 

[Husband]’s marriage is no longer an intact marriage.” Order and Opinion, 
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3/22/22, at 3 (citation omitted). Even if the presumption applied, we would 

agree with the trial court that the presumption was rebutted because “the 

parties participated in an open marriage and no question exists that [Child] is 

of multiracial ethnicity[, while Mother and Husband are] Caucasian[.]” Id. at 

5.

The trial court also considered whether Appellee was estopped from

claiming paternity. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has held that “paternity 

by estoppel continues to pertain in Pennsylvania, but it will apply only where 

it can be shown, on a developed record, that it is in the best interests of the 

involved child.” K.E.M. v. P.C.S., 38 A.3d 798, 810 (Pa. 2012). The Court 

has explained:

Estoppel in paternity is merely the legal determination that 

because of a person’s conduct (e.g., holding out the child as his 

own, or supporting the child) that person, regardless of his true 

biological status, will not be permitted to deny parentage, nor will 

the child’s mother who has participated in this conduct be 

permitted to sue a third party for support, claiming that the third 

party is the true father. 

Fish, 741 A.2d at 723 (citing Freedman v. McCandless, 654 A.2d 529, 532–

533 (Pa. 1995)). 

The doctrine of paternity by estoppel “is based on the public policy that 

children should be secure in knowing who their parents are. If a certain person 

has acted as the parent and bonded with the child, the child should not be 

required to suffer the potentially damaging trauma that may come from being 
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told that the father he has known all his life is not in fact his father.” Fish, 

741 A.2d at 724 (citing Brinkley, 701 A.2d at 180).

Here, the trial court was tasked with deciding whether Appellee’s 

conduct estopped Appellee from claiming paternity. See C.T.D. v. N.E.E. and 

M.C.E., 653 A.2d 28, 31 (Pa. Super. 1995) (holding putative father’s failure 

to act during child’s first two years of life “may have effectively estopped him 

from now raising his claim of paternity.”). 

Husband first contends the trial court erred by not disposing of the 

estoppel issue prior to granting Appellee’s request for DNA testing. Husband’s 

Brief at 22-23 (citing Jones v. Trojak, 634 A.2d 201, 206 (Pa. 1993) (“before 

an order for a blood test is appropriate to determine paternity, the actual 

relationship of the presumptive father and natural mother must be 

determined.”)). We agree that “where the [estoppel] principle is operative, 

blood tests may be irrelevant, for the law will not permit a person in these 

situations to challenge the status which he or she has previously accepted.” 

Fish, 741 A.2d at 724 (citation omitted). However, contrary to Husband’s 

contention, the trial court addressed Husband’s claim that paternity by 

estoppel “prevents the [c]ourt from proceeding with ... DNA testing.” Order 

and Opinion, 3/22/22, at 4.

The court found the doctrine inapplicable, stating:

This case does not involve the situation where the likely biological 

father, [Appellee], has not been involved in L.G.’s life. Also, this 

[c]ourt finds that [Appellant] (and [Mother]) did not hold 

[Husband] out, to the exclusion of [Appellee], as the only father 
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of L.G. It appears, to the contrary, that [Mother] embraced and 

acknowledged the fact that [Appellee] was [Child]’s 

biological father. Therefore, the history of the behavior of the 

parties involved here all point to a likelihood that [Appellee] is the 

biological father of L.G.

Id. at 4-5 (emphasis added).

In the alternative, Husband argues in his second and third issues that 

the trial court violated his right to due process under the Fourteenth 

Amendment to the United States Constitution by deciding the estoppel issue 

without a separate hearing and/or proper notice. Husband’s Brief at 28-33. 

Husband claims the January 24, 2022, hearing related only to Mother’s 

emergency custody petition and not paternity. Husband thus asserts he was 

deprived of the opportunity to develop a record regarding his paternity by 

estoppel claim. Husband relies on K.E.M., 38 A.3d at 810, where the 

Pennsylvania Supreme Court stated, “paternity by estoppel continues to 

pertain in Pennsylvania, but it will apply only where it can be shown on a 

developed record that it is in the best interests of the involved child.” We are 

not persuaded by Husband’s argument.

“A question regarding whether a due process violation occurred is a 

question of law for which the standard of review is de novo and the scope of 

review is plenary.” S.T. v. R.W., 192 A.3d 1155, 1160 (Pa. Super.

2018) (citation omitted). “Procedural due process requires, at its core, 

adequate notice, opportunity to be heard, and the chance to defend oneself 

before a fair and impartial tribunal having jurisdiction over the case.” Garr v. 
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Peters, 773 A.2d 183, 191 (Pa. Super. 2001) (citation omitted). “Due process 

is flexible and calls for such procedural protections as the situation 

demands.” In re Adoption of Dale A., 683 A.2d 297, 300 (Pa. Super.

1996) (citation omitted).

Referencing the record, the trial court observed that the “facts 

surrounding the issues of estoppel and presumption of paternity were 

addressed” in multiple pleadings and proceedings, including the June 24, 

2019, evidentiary hearing on Husband’s preliminary objections. Trial Court 

Opinion, 6/9/22, at 14. The court granted Appellee’s request for DNA testing 

“following considerable review.” Id. Further, the court observed that

Pa.R.C.P. 1910.15(c) does not require a hearing “for the sole purpose of 

determining paternity by estoppel.”11 Id. The court also recognized its 

obligation under Pa.R.C.P. 1910.15(c) to “dispose promptly of the issue.” Id. 

The court reasoned that it could resolve the estoppel and presumption of 

paternity issues from the existing record without further delay. Id.

____________________________________________

11 The Rule provides:

(c) Estoppel and Presumption of Paternity. If either party or 

the court raises the issue of estoppel or the issue of whether the 

presumption of paternity is applicable, the court shall dispose 

promptly of the issue and may stay the order for genetic testing 

until the issue is resolved.

Pa.R.C.P. 1910.15(c).
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Our review confirms the parties provided extensive evidence regarding 

the estoppel issue and L.G.’s best interests, most notably at the June 24, 

2019, and the January 24, 2022, hearings. Appellee, Husband, and Mother 

testified at both hearings. During the latter hearing, the court interviewed 

L.G. in camera. Accordingly, the record belies Husband’s claim that he was 

deprived of the opportunity to develop a record regarding his estoppel defense 

in contravention of his right to due process.

Husband also argues the trial court erred in finding Appellee’s paternity 

claim was not barred by the doctrine of paternity by estoppel. Husband’s Brief 

at 34-42. Contrary to Husband’s assertion, the trial court explained:

[Appellee] spent regular time with L.G., alternating weekends on 

Sundays[, and] spending between two (2) and seven (7) hours 

with him. L.G. even calls [Appellee] by a special name, that is, 

“Chubby.” Credible testimony established that [Appellee] has 

visited with L.G. on average twice weekly since L.G.’s birth. L.G. 

has also grown to know [Appellee’s] children from separate 

relationships, [such] as his half-sibling[,] who is approximately 

the same age as L.G.

It does not appear [Mother] objected to or took any steps to block 

or prevent [Appellee] from being in L.G.’s life. In fact, it appears 

to this [c]ourt that [Mother] has, by her prior actions, essentially 

conceded that it is in L.G.’s best interests to have [Appellee] in his 

life. It would appear almost unnatural to suddenly have 

[Appellee] removed from L.G.’s nurturing and development since 

[Mother] has acquiesced, if not encouraged, [Appellee’s] 

involvement in L.G.’s life.

[Mother] testified that [Appellee] continues to be a regular part of 

L.G.’s life and visits L.G. during her scheduled custody or visitation 

with L.G. [Appellee] has and continues to also spend time with 

L.G. and L.G.’s half-sister. The interview with L.G., at this stage, 

revealed he calls or variously thinks of both [Husband] and 

[Appellee] as father-figures. It is plain to this court [Appellee] is 
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well known to L.G. and no stranger to the child. Further, it is clear 

to this [c]ourt that all parties believe [Appellee] is the biological 

father of L.G.

Trial Court Opinion, 3/22/22, at 2-3 (emphasis in original).

The record supports the trial court’s findings. Appellee testified that 

during the two years from L.G.’s birth to Mother’s and Husband’s separation, 

Appellee saw L.G. “a couple times a week.” N.T., 6/24/19, at 29. Appellee 

testified that the parties encouraged L.G. to refer to him as “Chubby.” Id. at 

30. Appellee explained he visited L.G. at Mother’s and Husband’s home, or 

Mother brought L.G. to Appellee’s place of employment. Id. at 29-30. Mother 

testified that before she separated from Husband, “things got more tense 

within the home,” and Appellee became “more uncomfortable, so he didn’t 

come over quite as often, but I would go to him more often. I would take L.G. 

up to his job.” Id. at 84-85. 

After Mother and L.G. moved from the marital home, Appellee visited 

L.G. on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Id. at 85. Appellee also testified that 

Mother would bring L.G. to his house on Sundays, when L.G. would spend time 

with Appellee’s daughter, who was approximately four months younger than 

L.G. Id. at 30-31, 34. The parties do not dispute the relationship between 

L.G. and his half-sister. Id. at 48, 57. 

Appellee testified that he most recently saw L.G. during Mother’s 

custodial weekends. N.T., 1/24/22, at 120. Mother testified she permits 

Appellee to have custody of L.G. on her custodial Sundays, usually between
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noon and 5:00 p.m. Id. at 56-57. Mother also testified to her belief that 

Appellee is L.G.’s biological father, and described her relationship with 

Appellee as “amicable.” Id. at 56. Appellee testified he has no doubt L.G. is 

his son. N.T., 6/24/19, at 51. Appellee referenced L.G.’s physical appearance, 

stating, “I mean, it speaks for itself.” Id. Appellee testified that L.G. refers 

to him as “Chubby or, if my daughter is around, only when she’s around[,] he 

will refer to me as dad or daddy.” N.T., 1/24/22, at 120.

During his in camera interview, L.G. referred to Husband as “Smokey” 

and Appellee as “Chubby.” Id. at 179, 181-182. L.G. testified, “I only got 

one dad,” and identified “Smokey.” Id. at 170. L.G. responded to the 

following questions from the trial court:

Q. [W]ould you be okay if you went and started spending some 

time with Smokey again?

A. Um-hum.

Q. And will you be okay with spending time with Chubby?

A. Um-hum.

Q. And will you be okay with spending time with mommy?

A. Um-hum.

Id. at 185. 

Consistent with the foregoing, the trial did not err in determining 

paternity by estoppel was not applicable in this case, as it would be “almost 

unnatural to suddenly have [Appellee] removed from L.G.’s nurturing and 

development[.]” Trial Court Opinion, 3/22/22, at 2 (unpaginated). 
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Accordingly, we affirm the orders granting DNA testing on the paternity 

docket, and quash as duplicative the appeals from the custody docket. 

Orders at 1123 EDA 2022 and 1124 EDA 2022 affirmed. Appeals at 

1121 EDA 2022 and 1122 EDA 2022 quashed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 11/22/2022