NO. 07-02-0016-CR

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS

AT AMARILLO

PANEL E

DECEMBER 6, 2002

______________________________

TOMMY LYNN PARRISH,

Appellant

v.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, 

Appellee

_________________________________

FROM THE 411TH DISTRICT COURT OF POLK COUNTY;

NO. 15,994; HON. ROBERT HILL TRAPP, PRESIDING

_______________________________

Before QUINN and REAVIS, J.J., and BOYD, S.J.

Tommy Lynn Parrish (appellant) appeals from a judgment under which he was

convicted for sexual assault of a child and two counts of indecency with a child. The

convictions followed his plea of no contest to the offenses and a trial to the court on the

matter of punishment. Via one issue, appellant contends that the judgment should be

reversed because the trial court failed to properly admonish him in accordance with art.

26.13 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. That is, reversal is allegedly mandated

because the trial court 1) informed him of the incorrect range of punishment, TEX. CODE
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CRIM.PROC.ANN. art. 26.13(a)(1) (Vernon Supp. 2002) (requiring an admonishment on the

range of punishment), 2) failed to admonish him about the requirement to register as a sex

offender, id. at art. 26.13(a)(5) (requiring same), 3) failed to determine whether his counsel

advised him of the obligation to register as a sex offender, id. at art. 26.13(h), and 4) failed

to have him sign a statement indicating that he understood the admonishments and was

aware of the consequences of his plea. Id. at art. 26.13(d) (requiring same). We

overrule the issue and affirm.

Range of Punishment

As to the admonishment about the range of punishment, the record illustrates that

appellant was told the two indecency counts were third degree felonies carrying a range

of imprisonment of two to ten years and a fine up to $10,000. All concede that the

offenses were actually second degree felonies carrying a range of punishment from two

to twenty years. Furthermore, the trial court ultimately sentenced appellant to eight years.

Of note is that appellant does not contend that the incorrect admonishment harmed him

in any way or otherwise induced him to plead guilty.

Authority holds that when the trial court informs one of an incorrect range of

punishment but the sentence ultimately levied falls within both the actual and misstated

maximum, then it has substantially complied with art. 26.13(a)(1) of the Code of Criminal

Procedure. Martinez v. State, 981 S.W.2d 195, 197 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Furthermore,

when the court has substantially complied with the statutory directive, it is incumbent upon

the defendant or appellant to “affirmatively show[] that he was not aware of the

consequences of his plea and that he was misled or harmed by the admonishment of the
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court.” TEX. CODE. CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.13(c). 

Here, the record illustrates that the trial court informed appellant of the incorrect

range of punishment. Yet, the sentence levied fell within both the correct range and the

range mentioned by the court. Thus, the trial court substantially complied with art.

26.13(a)(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure. And, as alluded to above, appellant neither

argues or refers us to anything of record illustrating that he was not aware of the

consequences of his plea or otherwise misled or harmed by the admonishment. Nor does

our own review of the record uncover such evidence. So, the mistake does not constitute

reversible error. 

Compliance with art. 26.13(d)

Next, a trial court is obligated to receive from one pleading guilty or no contest a

written statement signed by the defendant and his attorney “that he understands the

admonitions and is aware of the consequences of his plea.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN.

art. 26.13(d). Within the appellate record at bar appears a document entitled

“Admonishment of No Contest Plea” and which appellant signed. Contained in that

document is 1) a paragraph addressing appellant’s right to a trial by jury and his waiver

of same, 2) a stipulation of evidence, and 3) the admonishments required by art. 26.13 of

the Code of Criminal Procedure, save for those relating to registration as a sex offender.

Also found in it is a statement, signed by appellant’s counsel, wherein appellant’s counsel

represents that he “explained all of the foregoing waivers, requests, stipulations, and

admonishments to the [appellant] and he [the appellant] has intelligently signed the same.”

Thus, we have before us a written document signed by appellant and his counsel wherein
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counsel effectively tells us not only that appellant was aware of the “waivers, requests,

stipulations and admonishments” (other than those relating to registration as a sex

offender) but also that appellant “intelligently signed” those “waivers, requests,

stipulations, and admonishments.” And, while this document does not expressly state that

appellant “understands the admonitions and is aware of the consequences of his plea,”

see TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.ANN. art. 26.13(d), that particular subject matter is addressed

in a way clearly illustrating that appellant understood the admonishments and was aware

of the consequences of his plea. Thus, we cannot say that the trial court failed to receive

from appellant and his counsel a signed, written statement complying with art. 26.13(d).

 

Remaining Defaults

Assuming arguendo that the trial court failed to comply with art. 26.13(a)(5) and (h)

of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the error must be harmful before we can reverse the

conviction. Burnett v. State, No. 860-01, 2002 WL 31424314 at *3 (Tex. Crim. App.

October 30, 2002) (involving the failure to comply with art 26.13); Cain v. State, 947

S.W.2d 262, 264 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) (involving the same); Thompson v. State, 59

S.W.3d 802, 805-807 (Tex. App.–Texarkana 2001, pet. ref’d). Furthermore, when the error

is non-constitutional, such as that involved at bar, harm arises only when it has a

substantial influence on the outcome of the proceeding or the reviewing court has “‘grave

doubt’ that the result was free from the substantial influence of the error.” Burnett v. State,

No. 860-01, WL 31424314 at *3. 

With the foregoing standard in mind, we peruse the record and briefs before us for
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evidence of harm. Upon doing so, we again note the absence of any allegation or citation

to evidence suggesting that the defaults affected, in any way, his decision to enter the plea

he entered. Instead, appellant merely implies that the errors are not subject to a harm

analysis, though Cain and Burnett clearly hold otherwise.

Nor do we find any evidence indicating appellant was unaware of the duty to

register as a sex offender. See Lopez v. State, 71 S.W.3d 511, 516 (Tex. App.–Fort Worth

2002, no pet.) (finding no harm because, among other things, no evidence indicated that

the appellant was unaware of the duty to register as a sex offender). Nor does appellant

allege that he was unaware of the requirement. This is of import because one may have

known of the requirement despite the trial court’s failure to address it. See Grays v. State,

888 S.W.2d 876, 878 (Tex. App.–Dallas 1994, no pet.) (acknowledging as much).

Similarly absent is evidence or allegation that appellant would not have entered the plea

had he been admonished by the court per art. 26.13(a)(5); this too is a factor indicative of

no harm. See Lopez v. State, 71 S.W.3d at 516. 

Next, we find reference to the need to register in the pre-sentence report ordered

by the trial court. Counsel represented to the trial court (immediately prior to the hearing

on punishment) that both he and appellant reviewed the report. Finally, no one sought,

at that time, to withdraw or otherwise avoid the plea of no contest for any reason, much

less upon the basis that it would not have been entered had appellant been admonished

of the requirement. 

In sum, the record fails to show that the defaults in question substantially influenced

the outcome of the case. This leads us to conclude that the purported errors were
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harmless.

 Accordingly, the judgment is affirmed. 

 Brian Quinn 

 Justice 

Do not publish.