Supreme Court

No. 2012-226-C.A.

(P1/09-3671A)

State :

v. :

Kathleen McKinnon-Conneally. :

NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before 

publication in the Rhode Island Reporter. Readers are requested to 

notify the Opinion Analyst, Supreme Court of Rhode Island, 250 

Benefit Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, at Telephone 222-

3258 of any typographical or other formal errors in order that 

corrections may be made before the opinion is published.
Supreme Court

No. 2012-226-C.A.

(P1/09-3671A)

State :

v. :

Kathleen McKinnon-Conneally. :

Present: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ. 

O P I N I O N

Chief Justice Suttell, for the Court. The defendant, Kathleen McKinnon-Conneally,1

appeals from a Superior Court judgment finding her to be in violation of the terms of her

probation and sentencing her to serve the eight and one-half years remaining on her previously 

suspended sentence. On appeal, the defendant argues that the hearing justice imposed an 

excessive sentence for her probation violation. This case came before the Supreme Court 

pursuant to an order directing the parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised in this 

appeal should not be summarily decided. After considering the parties’ written and oral 

submissions and reviewing the record, we conclude that cause has not been shown and that this 

case may be decided without further briefing or argument. For the reasons set forth in this 

opinion, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court.

I

Facts and Travel

On March 23, 2010, defendant pled nolo contendere to one count of second-degree 

robbery. She was sentenced to ten years at the Adult Correctional Institutions (ACI) with 

1 Throughout the record of this case, defendant’s last name is listed intermittently as “McKinnon 

Conneally” and “McKinnon-Conneally.” It is unclear which format is correct.

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eighteen months to serve, which term to serve was stayed pending her completion of mental 

health and substance abuse counseling, and eight and one-half years suspended, with probation. 

Although it is not entirely clear from the record, the stay on the eighteen-month term to serve 

was apparently removed on February 1, 2011, and defendant was incarcerated at the ACI until 

her release on November 30, 2011. On December 19, 2011, defendant was arrested by the West 

Warwick Police Department on charges of first-degree robbery and conspiracy to commit firstdegree robbery, based on an incident reported on December 1, 2011. On December 22, 2011, the 

state filed a violation notice against defendant pursuant to Rule 32(f) of the Superior Court Rules 

of Criminal Procedure for allegedly violating the terms of her probation. The Superior Court 

conducted a combined probation-violation and bail hearing on February 9, 2012. 

At the hearing, complaining witness Carol Riddle testified that she went into a West 

Warwick package store on the night of December 1, 2011, to buy a beverage and withdraw cash 

from an ATM.2 According to Riddle, defendant initiated a conversation with her and then 

invited her to listen to karaoke music playing in a bar next door. Riddle testified that, after 

drinking a couple of shots of liquor and some beer, she was ready to go home, but defendant 

suggested that they go someplace else to get something to eat and to “hang out.” Once the two 

women were outside the bar, defendant’s friend Andrew Jordan (“A.J.”) appeared and the three 

began walking on a main road. Riddle recalled that defendant suggested cutting through an alley 

so that they could reach their next destination more quickly. Once they were in the alley, A.J. 

knocked Riddle to the ground with a blow to her head and then punched her in the face before 

demanding that she give him the personal identification number for her ATM card. Riddle 

recalled that defendant was also demanding the personal identification number as she dumped 

2 Riddle testified that she had some short-term memory problems due to a brain surgery she 

underwent prior to the December 1, 2011 incident. 

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the contents of Riddle’s purse onto the ground. Riddle convinced defendant and A.J. that she 

had to call her sister to get the personal identification number. Riddle testified that defendant 

and A.J. “let her up” and that they started “picking up stuff” that “had poured out of [Riddle’s] 

purse.” The items that Riddle picked up included her “ID card” and “[defendant’s] ID card.” 

Riddle testified that she put both ID cards in her bra. The three went to a bar, where Riddle told 

the bartender to call the police. One of the responding officers, Patrolwoman Trenna Hemond, 

testified that, when she met with Riddle at the bar, Riddle was emotionally upset. After speaking 

with Officer Hemond, Riddle was taken to Kent Hospital, where she realized that she was 

missing $70, a carton of cigarettes, and some prescription medication from her purse. A nurse at 

the hospital asked Riddle what was in her bra, and Riddle removed both ID cards.3

 Officer

Hemond met with Riddle the next day at the West Warwick police station, where Riddle signed a 

statement of her account of the events from the previous evening. 

The hearing justice found that defendant had violated the conditions of her probation by 

failing to keep the peace and maintain good behavior, and he set bail at $100,000 with surety on 

the new charges of first-degree robbery and conspiracy to commit first-degree robbery. The 

Superior Court held a sentencing hearing on February 29, 2012. Susan Rivera, a social 

caseworker with the Department of Children, Youth & Families (DCYF), testified that

defendant’s then one-year-old son was in foster care because defendant had been incarcerated at 

the ACI and placement with a family member was not an option. Rivera testified that she had 

observed defendant interacting with her son during supervised visits at the ACI. While 

defendant had substance abuse and mental health issues to work through, Rivera was not 

concerned about defendant’s parenting skills and was hoping to reunify defendant with her son 

3 The defendant’s ID card was admitted as an exhibit at the combined probation-violation and 

bail hearing.

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when she was discharged from the ACI. Rivera also testified that she warned defendant that if 

she was arrested again during the first year of her release from the ACI, then DCYF could move 

to terminate her parental rights. Rivera stated that if defendant was sentenced to more than eight 

months on her probation-violation conviction, then DCYF would move to terminate her parental 

rights to her son. 

Andrea Reis, a social worker with Project Connect at DCYF, testified that she had many 

opportunities to observe defendant interacting with her son during supervised visits at the ACI 

and that she had no parenting concerns based on these observations. Reis also testified that 

defendant “had a diagnosis of DDHD [sic], psychosis, [Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder] and 

anxiety and depression disorder.” The defendant testified that she had not engaged in the acts of 

which she was accused, but that she knew she had not kept the peace because she had solicited 

illegal drugs. She further testified that she had been cooperative during the entire probationviolation process and that she did not want to lose her son. 

The hearing justice commented that he found defendant’s actions on the night of 

December 1, 2011, to be predatory given that Riddle’s apparent “ability to respond [and] react to 

things [had been] compromised” by her previous “brain operation.” He also commented that 

defendant had been released from the ACI less than forty-eight hours prior to the incident

leading to the violation hearing. The hearing justice imposed the previously suspended eight and 

one-half years from defendant’s ten-year sentence for her conviction of second-degree robbery in 

2010.

The defendant timely appealed from the judgment of conviction declaring her to be a 

probation violator, arguing that the hearing justice’s decision was arbitrary and capricious and 

that the imposition of the entire eight and one-half-year suspended sentence was an abuse of 

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discretion. After defendant submitted her prebriefing statement, however, she entered a plea of 

nolo contendere to the charges of first-degree robbery and conspiracy.4

 Based on this plea, the 

state moved to dismiss defendant’s appeal as moot. We granted the state’s motion with respect 

to the issue of whether defendant was properly declared a violator, but denied the motion with 

respect to whether the sentence ordered for the probation violation was excessive. Therefore, the 

only issue on appeal is whether the hearing justice abused his discretion when he ordered that 

defendant’s suspended sentence be executed in its entirety.5 

II

Standard of Review

A trial justice has wide discretion to determine whether to execute any or all of a 

defendant’s previously suspended sentence. State v. Roberts, 59 A.3d 693, 697 (R.I. 2013); State 

v. Lancellotta, 35 A.3d 863, 869 (R.I. 2012). Therefore, our review of a probation-violation 

sentence is for an abuse of discretion only. Roberts, 59 A.3d at 697.

4 After defendant pled nolo contendere to first-degree robbery, she was sentenced to twenty years 

at the Adult Correctional Institutions, with eight and one-half years to serve, and eleven and onehalf years suspended, with probation. This sentence was to run concurrently with the eight and 

one-half years that defendant was ordered to serve for her probation violation. On defendant’s 

nolo contendere plea to the count for conspiracy, she was sentenced to ten years suspended, with 

probation. 

5 The state contends that this issue is not properly before this Court because defendant did not 

first challenge her sentence in the Superior Court by filing a motion to correct or reduce her 

sentence pursuant to Rule 35 of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure. We have 

previously stated, however, that the revocation of probation results in the execution of a 

previously imposed sentence and not in the imposition of a new sentence. State v. Brown, 821 

A.2d 695, 696 n.2 (R.I. 2003). Therefore, defendant’s appeal from the execution of the 

previously suspended eight and one-half years is properly before us for review. 

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III

Discussion

The defendant argues that the sentence ordered is excessive because the hearing justice 

ignored the sentencing benchmark for the 2010 conviction for second-degree robbery, 

defendant’s mental health diagnoses, and defendant’s substance abuse problems. 

It is well settled that “the unexecuted portion of a probationer’s suspended sentence 

hangs over his or her head by the single horsehair of good behavior, until such time as the term 

of probation expires.” State v. Parson, 844 A.2d 178, 180 (R.I. 2004). When a defendant is 

found to have violated the terms and conditions of his or her probation, “[G.L. 1956] § 12-19-9 

grants violation-hearing justices wide latitude in deciding whether a probation violator’s 

suspended sentence should be removed in whole, in part, or not at all.”6 State v. Tucker, 747 

A.2d 451, 454 (R.I. 2000). When a hearing justice is deciding how much of a previously 

suspended sentence to execute, his or her primary focus should be on the nature of the first 

offense. State v. Pires, 525 A.2d 1313, 1314 (R.I. 1987). The circumstances of the second 

offense, however, may also be taken into account. Id.

 Here, the hearing justice advised the defendant that he was not sentencing her for the 

conduct that formed the basis for the probation violation. As he correctly noted, the only 

6 General Laws 1956 § 12-19-9 provides in pertinent part:

“Upon a determination that the defendant has violated the terms 

and conditions of his or her probation the court, in open court and 

in the presence of the defendant, may remove the suspension and 

order the defendant committed on the sentence previously 

imposed, or on a lesser sentence, or impose a sentence if one has 

not been previously imposed, or may continue the suspension of a 

sentence previously imposed, as to the court may seem just and 

proper.”

 

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concern relative to the new charges was that she had failed to keep the peace. The hearing 

justice also acknowledged that the sole issue to be resolved at the sentencing hearing was the 

“portion, if any, of the [suspended] sentence [the defendant] should be required to serve.” The 

hearing justice explicitly referred to the circumstances of the offense underlying the sentence 

imposed for the 2010 conviction for second-degree robbery and the indication in the police 

report that the defendant had engaged in physical violence during that incident as well. It 

appeared to the hearing justice that the defendant had preyed on Riddle’s apparent vulnerability. 

The hearing justice repeatedly commented that the defendant had been released from the ACI 

less than forty-eight hours before engaging in conduct that violated the terms of her probation

and that this conduct was similar in nature to that for which she was originally sentenced. The 

hearing justice further noted that the defendant had been fortunate to have been ordered to serve 

only eighteen months of the original ten-year sentence. After carefully considering the record in 

this case in light of the hearing justice’s broad discretion to determine the extent to which a 

suspended sentence will be executed, or not, we are satisfied that the hearing justice did not 

abuse his discretion in executing the remaining eight and one-half years of the defendant’s 

previously suspended sentence. See Parson, 844 A.2d at 180; Tucker, 747 A.2d at 454.

IV

Conclusion

For the reasons stated herein, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court. The record 

shall be returned to the Superior Court.

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RHODE ISLAND SUPREME COURT CLERK’S OFFICE

Clerk’s Office Order/Opinion Cover Sheet

TITLE OF CASE: State v. Kathleen McKinnon-Conneally. 

 

CASE NO: No. 2012-226-C.A.

(P1/09-3671A)

COURT: Supreme Court

DATE OPINION FILED: November 10, 2014

JUSTICES: Suttell, C.J., Goldberg, Flaherty, Robinson, and Indeglia, JJ.

WRITTEN BY: Chief Justice Paul A. Suttell

SOURCE OF APPEAL: Providence County Superior Court

JUDGE FROM LOWER COURT:

 Associate Justice Walter R. Stone

ATTORNEYS ON APPEAL:

 For State: Lauren S. Zurier

 Department of Attorney General

 

For Defendant: David D. Prior, Esq.