# Patent

## Title
Electroluminescent lamps and displays having thick film and means for

## Abstract

This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/600,167, filed on Oct. 17, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,590, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/317,099, filed on Feb. 28, 1989, now `Abandoned` which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/855,070 filed on Apr. 23, 1986, now `Abandoned`.

## Background
The field of the present invention is gas discharge tubes capable of lighting in different colors.

The use of luminous gaseous discharge tubes as a source of light has to date found wide application. Such tubes are generally filled with a low pressure gas and electrically energized to illuminate in a color corresponding to the selected gas within. Each tube, consequently, is effectively capable of displaying only a single color.

More recently, a gas discharge tube capable of lighting in multiple colors has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-42386. This multi-color gas discharge tube, containing therein two kinds of discharge gases different in excitation energy, is energized with a pulse current. According to the shape and duty cycle of the pulse, either of the gases in the tube is selectively excited to make the tube light in a color characteristic of the excited one of the gases. Additionally, the tube can be made luminous not only in one of the two colors by suitably selecting the constitution of the pulse current in accordance with the excitation energy of the selected gas, but also in any color determined from the combination of the two colors by constituting the pulse current with a suitable combination of two kinds of pulse shapes and duty factors.

The kinds of discharge gases, however, are usually restricted to neon (emitting a light of red) and mercury vapor (emitting a light of blue in the visible light region), so that the luminous light colors are limited to red, blue and a color obtained from the combination of them. Therefore, the prior art gas discharge tube can not be made luminous, for instance, in yellow and green.

Allowed U.S. application Ser. No. 07/600,167 discloses an improved gas discharge tube coated with a selected photoluminescent material, and containing selected discharge gasses, in which multiple colors are generated by varying the duty ratio of the pulse discharge voltage imposed on the gas discharge tube.

The present invention is directed to an improved multi-color gas discharge tube in which multiple colors are generated by varying the duty ratio, varying the frequency, or varying both the duty ratio and the frequency.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view with a portion broken away for clarity, illustrating a gas discharge tube constructed in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a CIE Color System graph showing an envelope of colors obtainable from one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a power source to operate a gas-discharge tube constructed in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a circuit to control the power source shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 shows another power source capable of operating a gas discharge tube constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a transparent glass tube 10 is coated on its inner surface! with a thin photoluminescent layer 20. A pair of discharge electrodes 30 are provided at both ends of the tube 10, the electrodes 30 having their respective leads 40 penetrating the end wall. of the tube 10 and extending outwardly thereof. Cylindrical mica sheets 50 surround the electrodes 30 to protect the glass tube 10 from high temperatures caused by heating the electrodes 30 during a tube evacuating process for liberating the gases absorbed by the electrodes 30.

In the present embodiment, the glass tube 10 contains neon and mercury vapor as discharge gases, and the photoluminescent layer 20 is made of zinc silicate containing manganese as an activator. In such a constitution of the gas discharge tube, the neon gas is excited so as to emit a red light while the mercury vapor is excited so as to emit invisible ultraviolet light, not a visible light of blue. Excited by the ultraviolet light, the photoluminescent zinc silicate emits a visible light of green. Accordingly, the gas discharge tube based on this embodiment can be made luminous selectively in red, green or in a yellow or yellowish color given by a suitable combination of the red light emitted from the neon gas and the green light which the photoluminescent layer 20 emits.

The present invention can also be embodied by using a calcium tungstate, calcium halo-phosphate or other desirable photoluminescent material for the photoluminescent layer 20. Further, the present invention can also be embodied by employing a photoluminescent layer 20 comprising a mixture of calcium tungstate (CaWO.sub.4) and manganese-doped zinc silicate (Zn.sub.2 Si.sub.4 /Mn). By controlling the ratio of these coating materials, the discharge tube containing a mixture of mercury and neon-gas can be made to light in a range of colors including white light.

Thus, with the two photoluminescent materials CaWO.sub.4 and Zn.sub.2 Si.sub.4 /Mn applied to the inner surface of the mercury-neon mixed gas discharge tube, the CaWO.sub.4 and Zn.sub.2 Si.sub.4 /Mn is excited by the ultraviolet light emitted by mercury to emit blue and green, respectively, while the neon emits a visible light of red. This means that the color of light provided is based on a combination of three primary colors as shown in detail in the CIE Color System represented in FIG. 4.

Points B, G and R of FIG. 4 represent three primary colors respectively emitted by the CaWO.sub.4 and Zn.sub.2 Si.sub.4 /Mn photoluminescent materials and the mercury-neon gas. The blue and the green colors represented by the points B and G are mixed to give a resultant color corresponding to the point P (a color between pure blue and pure green), whose position is determined by the mixing ratio of the two photoluminescent materials. Further, the density of the color P depends on the strength of the ultraviolet light emitted by mercury that excites the photoluminescent materials, while the density of the color R (red) is determined by the strength of the red light emitted by neon.

Therefore, a final resultant color represented by point Q is determined by the emission ratio between the ultraviolet and visible red emitted by the mercury-neon gas mixture. By varying the duty ratio or rise-up speed of the pulse discharge voltage imposed on the gas discharge tube, a single gas discharge tube can be made to light either at any fixed color on the line between points P and R, through the white region, or time-dependently varying various colors on the same line. In the present application, duty ratio, also referred to as duty factor, is defined as t/T where t is pulse width and T is the time interval between the rise-up (or fall-down) "edge" of a given single pulse and the rise-up (or fall-down) "edge" of the following pulse. It will be readily understood to those skilled in the art that the rise-up or fall-down "edges" are not necessarily sharp as in a square or rectangular pulse. Frequency is defined as 1/T.

In general, neon is excited favorably with a smaller duty ratio and higher rise-up speed of the pulse, while a larger duty ratio and lower rise-up speed are favorable in exciting mercury. Two examples of a power source to operate gas discharge tubes based on the present invention may be described.

It has also been discovered that the strength or effect of the accompanying mercury excitation increases with an increase in the pulse width and/or frequency of the neon exciting pulse voltage. Since an increase in the strength of the mercury excitation results in a decrease in neon excitation, an increase in the pulse width and/or frequency of the neon excitation voltage causes a decrease in the strength of the "red" component in the light produced. Varying the pulse width and/or frequency can be achieved by varying the duty ratio, by varying the frequency, or by varying both the duty ratio and the frequency.

FIG. 5 shows a power source wherein a DC voltage obtained by rectifying a commercial AC power source 11 with a rectifier circuit I1 is supplied to the primary winding 17a of a transformer 17 through a thyristor 14a, a reactor 15 and a capacitor 16. Further, the reactor 15 is bridged by a thyristor 14c. FIG. 6 illustrates a control circuit comprising pulse generators 25a and 25b, a lighting color selector 26, a pulse selector 27 a flip-flop 28 and pulse transformers 29a, 29b and 29c. The counter 23 outputs signals to select the addresses in the memory 24, in which is stored the information for the lighting color of the discharge lamp 18 (FIG. 5). The lighting color selector 26, which is controlled by the outputs from the memory 24, not only operates the pulse selector 27 so as to select a combination of the two kinds of trigger pulses outputted from the two trigger pulse generators 25a and 25b, but also outputs, toward the pulse transformer 29a, a pulse signal to control the thyristor 14a (FIG. 5). The output of the pulse transformer 29a is led to the thyristor 14a. The trigger pulses selected by and outputted from the pulse selector 27 operate the flip-flop 28. The output pulses alternately outputted from the flip-flop 28 are inputted to the pulse transformers 29b or 29c. The pulse transformer 29b and 29c have their outputs led to the thyristors 14b and 14c (FIG. 5), respectively.

An alternative power source is shown in FIG. 7, in which a rectifier circuit corresponding to that of FIG. 5 is omitted for simplification of the drawing. In this power source, which constitutes a so-called inverter circuit, MOS FETs 14A and 14B respectively correspond functionally to the thyristors 14a and 14b of FIG. 5, but no element corresponding to the thyristor 14c is provided. This power source is also controlled by a control circuit similar to that shown in FIG. 6.

Thus, an improved gas discharge tube capable of lighting in a wide range of colors is disclosed.

While embodiments and applications of this invention have been shown and described, it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that many more modifications are possible without departing from the inventive concepts herein. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except in the spirit of the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A lighting apparatus comprising: gas, said discharge tube having an inner surface coated with a photoluminescent material, and means for varying the frequency of a pulse discharge voltage imposed on said gas discharge tube such that when said pulse discharge voltage is imposed to excite neon, the neon excitation is accompanied by a mercury excitation, said mercury excitation emitting an ultraviolet light which in combination with said neon excitation and said fluorescent material, produces a range of colors, including white light.

2. A lighting apparatus as defined in claim 1, in which said means for varying frequency also varies the duty ratio of said pulse discharge voltage.

3. A lighting apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said photoluminescent material is a mixture of calcium tungstate and manganese-doped zinc silicate.