* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the

doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court

generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order

and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3.

F I L E D

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

MAY 20 1999

PATRICK FISHER

Clerk

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

FRED RANDO,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

STANDARD INSURANCE

COMPANY,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 98-3166

(D.C. No. 96-CV-1153)

(D. Kan.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before BRORBY , EBEL , and BRISCOE , Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). Therefore,

appellant’s request for oral argument is denied and the case is ordered submitted

without oral argument.
1 The district court granted Standards’ motion to dismiss Standard Kaneb

Services, Inc. with prejudice. Plaintiff does not appeal this decision.

-2-

Plaintiff appellant Fred Rando brought suit in Kansas state court against

defendants Standard Insurance Company and Kaneb Services, Inc., 1 alleging that

defendants wrongfully suspended his disability benefits under a policy issued to

his employer, Kaneb Services, Inc. Defendants removed the action to federal

district court alleging federal question jurisdiction under the Employee

Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), 29 U.S.C. §§ 1001-1461.

Standard filed a motion to dismiss pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)

on the grounds that plaintiff had failed to exhaust his administrative remedies. 

Plaintiff then filed a response in opposition to Standard’s motion to dismiss and

a motion for summary judgment. Standard also filed a motion for summary

judgment, and plaintiff responded. The district court granted Standard’s motion

to dismiss due to plaintiff’s failure to exhaust his administrative remedies, and

denied the parties’ respective motions for summary judgment as moot.

On appeal, plaintiff alleges that (1) there were no plan remedies to exhaust;

(2) Standard did not provide plaintiff with adequate notice of his right to review;

and (3) exhaustion of administrative remedies should be waived as futile. 

We exercise jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
-3-

I. Background

In 1987, plaintiff suffered an on-the-job injury to his back while employed

by Kaneb. Although plaintiff continued to work while recovering from the injury,

in 1992, his physician, Dr. Forney Flemming, restricted him from lifting more

than fifty pounds or doing more than ten repetitive twists per hour, and

opined that plaintiff had a ten percent permanent impairment. Later in 1992,

Dr. Flemming stated that plaintiff was unable to do his previous job as described.

It appears that plaintiff was receiving long term disability benefits under

the Standard disability policy issued to Kaneb. By letter dated December 6, 1995,

Standard informed plaintiff of its decision to discontinue his long term disability

benefits due to its determination that plaintiff no longer met the definition of

disabled under the policy. The concluding paragraphs of the letter informed

plaintiff of the following review rights:

Your claim will be closed for the reasons outlined above. You may

ask that we review your claim and this decision by contacting us. We

would then review your claim, as well as any additional information

you wish to submit.

. . . . 

If you request a review it would be helpful for you to provide

information supporting that your limitations and restrictions are

greater than those understood by Standard or documentation that you

are unable to perform the full-time work alternatives we have

identified.
-4-

. . . . 

Please consult your Certificate of Insurance or Summary Plan

document for a description of your rights under the terms of the

Kaneb Services Inc. group policy.

Appellant’s App. at 39-40. Plaintiff did not seek review by Standard, but instead

filed this suit.

II. Discussion

A. Standard of Review

Standard urges that because the district court considered facts and matters

outside the four corners of its Rule 12(b)(6) motion, this court should review the

district court’s disposition in this case as a ruling on summary judgment rather

than a dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6). Neither party, however, argued to the

district court that the Rule 12(b)(6) motion should have been converted to a

motion for summary judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 56. See Fed. R. Civ. P.

12(b). Generally, we would consider an issue not raised to the district court as

waived. See Lyons v. Jefferson Bank & Trust , 994 F.2d 716, 721 (10th Cir. 1993). 

Here, however, both parties filed motions for summary judgment with supporting

affidavits and documents, thus satisfying the requirement that the parties be given

an opportunity to present all material pertinent to a Rule 56 summary judgment

motion. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b). Therefore, “[a]lthough the district court

opinion disposes of the action as a motion to dismiss, we must review the record
-5-

under summary judgment standards since the order makes reference to documents

outside of the pleadings.” Nichols v. United States , 796 F.2d 361, 364 (10th Cir.

1986).

We review a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, applying

the same legal standard used by the district court. See Byers v. City of

Albuquerque , 150 F.3d 1271, 1274 (10th Cir. 1998). Summary judgment is

appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and

admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no

genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to

a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). We view the evidence,

and all reasonable inferences therefrom, in the light most favorable to the

nonmoving party. See Byers , 150 F.3d at 1274.

B. No plan remedies to exhaust

Initially, plaintiff argues that Standard did not offer any remedies that

require mandatory exhaustion. Plaintiff cites to Held v. Manufacturers Hanover

Leasing Corp., 912 F.2d 1197, 1205 (10th Cir. 1990), in which, as plaintiff

contends, this court held that “a plaintiff need not exhaust administrative

remedies prior to bringing an action under § 510 of ERISA.” What plaintiff

does not discuss is the difference between a § 510 action brought to enforce a

statutory right under ERISA and an action, such as his, brought under 29 U.S.C.
-6-

§ 1132(a)(1)(B) to recover benefits under a plan. Had plaintiff read further in our

decision in Held, he would have chanced upon the holding, which is dispositive

here, that “exhaustion of administrative (i.e., company- or plan- provided)

remedies is an implicit prerequisite to seeking judicial relief.” Id. at 1206;

see also Gaylor v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co. , 112 F.3d 460, 467 (10th Cir.

1997). We further stated that “[i]f the rule were otherwise, lawsuits likely would

be–and should be–dismissed for lack of ripeness.” Held , 912 F.2d at 1206.

ERISA does not address whether exhaustion of administrative remedies is

a prerequisite to bringing a civil suit for recovery of benefits. We are not alone,

however, in reading an exhaustion of plan remedies requirement into the statute. 

See Fallick v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. , 162 F.3d 410, 418 n.4 (6th Cir. 1998)

(listing other circuit decisions). Plaintiff argues that Standard’s plan provisions

only create a right of review, but do not make this review a predicate act to

bringing suit. This assertion, even if true, is irrelevant in light of the clear,

judicially-created prerequisite of exhaustion. Therefore, plaintiff’s argument that

he did not have to exhaust administrative remedies because Standard’s plan did

not require exhaustion is without merit.

C. Inadequate Notice and Futility

“‘Because ERISA itself does not specifically require the exhaustion of

remedies available under pension plans, courts have applied this requirement as a
-7-

matter of judicial discretion.’” McGraw v. Prudential Ins. Co. of Am. , 137 F.3d

1253, 1263 (10th Cir. 1998) (quoting Communications Workers of Am. v. AT&T ,

40 F.3d 426, 432 (D.C. Cir. 1994)). District courts have waived exhaustion

(1) when appeal to the review process would be futile, or (2) when the plan

remedy is inadequate. See id.

Plaintiff asserts that Standard’s notice of plan remedies was inadequate

because Standard did not advise him that seeking further review was a

prerequisite to seeking judicial relief. He contends that Standard’s failure to

advise him of his responsibility to seek review caused him to pursue a detrimental

course of action. Plaintiff does not, however, cite this court to any authority

which states that Standard must provide this information, nor did we find any

such authority in the course of our independent research.

In its letter advising plaintiff that his disability benefits were being

discontinued, Standard advised plaintiff of his right of review and made certain

suggestions regarding what information would be helpful to submit on review. 

It also referred plaintiff to the review provisions of the plan. The pertinent policy

provision provides:

You have a right to a review of any denial by STANDARD of all or

any part of your claim. To obtain a review, you should send a

written request for review to STANDARD within 60 days after you

receive notice of the denial. No special form is required.
2

29 C.F.R. § 2560.503-1(f) provides:

(f) Content of notice . A plan administrator or . . . the

insurance company, insurance service, or other similar organization,

shall provide to every claimant who is denied a claim for benefits

written notice setting forth in a manner calculated to be understood

by the claimant:

. . . .

(4) Appropriate information as to the steps to be taken if the

participant or beneficiary wishes to submit his or her claim for

review.

-8-

As a part of your request for review, you may submit issues and

comments in writing and provide additional documentation in support

of your claim. You may review pertinent documents related to your

request for review.

Appellant’s App. at 142.

The district court, acknowledging an exception to exhaustion when “the

plan does not provide meaningful access to administrative procedures,” examined 

Standard’s letter of termination of benefits and the applicable plan provisions. Id.

at 155-56. The court concluded that plaintiff received adequate, understandable

notice of Standard’s review procedures and a full copy of the plan summary

containing the review procedure provisions. Following our de novo review of

the record, we agree with the district court that Standard’s notice complied with

29 C.F.R. § 2560.503-1(f), 2

 and was therefore adequate.
-9-

Finally, plaintiff argues that it would have been futile for him to seek

review in this case. He contends that “further review by the same biased and not

disinterested party would not result in an objective review by an unbiased finder

of fact,” and therefore exhaustion of plan remedies should be excused. 

Appellant’s Br. at 23.

We agree with the Seventh Circuit’s approach to evaluating a claim of

futility and hold that in order to satisfy the futility exception to the exhaustion

requirement, plaintiff must establish that “it is certain that [his] claim will be

denied on appeal, not merely that [he] doubts that an appeal will result in a

different decision.” Lindemann v. Mobil Oil Corp. , 79 F.3d 647, 650 (7th Cir.

1996) (quotation omitted). Here, plaintiff’s claim of futility is based solely on

supposition. He contends that because his internal review would have been

conducted by the same administrators who decided to terminate his benefits, the

outcome on review would be the same. Again we align with the Seventh Circuit’s

rationale, and adopt its holding that “the fact that the individual named defendants

would be the people reviewing the plaintiffs’ administrative appeals is not enough

to relieve plan participants of the duty to exhaust remedies.” Ames v. American

Nat’l Can Co. , 170 F.3d 751, 756 (7th Cir. 1999); cf. Fizer v. Safeway Stores,

Inc. , 586 F.2d 182, 183-84 (10th Cir. 1978) (holding that the success of a claim

of futility in a failure to exhaust administrative remedies in a wrongful discharge
-10-

action under the Labor Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 185, requires a

“clear and positive showing of futility” (quoting Imel v. Zohn Mfg. Co. , 481 F.2d

181, 184 (10th Cir. 1973)).

Here, plaintiff never requested further review of his claim, and we agree

with the district court that his bare allegations of deficient notice and futility are

unpersuasive and insufficient to establish that review would not have been fair

and unbiased. Therefore, the district court’s grant of summary judgment on

plaintiff’s claims was correct. The judgment of the United States District Court

for the District of Kansas is AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court

David M. Ebel

Circuit Judge