TONIX PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP. 8-K


Exhibit
10.01


 


SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT


 


This
Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of October 25, 2022, between Tonix Pharmaceuticals
Holding Corp., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto
(each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).


 


Recitals



 


A.          The
Company and the Purchasers are executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration
afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and/or Rule 506
of Regulation D as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the
Securities Act; 


 


B.          The
Purchasers wish to purchase from the Company, and the Company wishes to sell and issue to the Purchasers, upon the terms and subject
to the conditions stated in this Agreement, shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s preferred stock, par
value $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), that are convertible into shares of the Company’s common
stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”); and


 


C.          Contemporaneously
with the sale of the Shares hereunder, the parties hereto will execute and deliver a Registration Rights Agreement, in the form
attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Registration Rights Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company will
agree to provide certain registration rights in respect of the Shares under the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder, and applicable state securities laws. 


 


NOW,
THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises made herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and
sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:


 


ARTICLE
I. 

DEFINITIONS


 


1.1         Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the
meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:


 


“Acquiring
Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4.


 


“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).


 


“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common
control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.


 






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“Authorized
Share Increase” means an increase in the amount of shares of common stock that the Company is authorized to issue pursuant
to its articles of incorporation, as amended, that is effected by the Company’s filing of an amendment to its articles of
incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada and the acceptance thereof.


 


“Authorized
Share Increase Amendment” means the amendment to the Company’s articles of incorporation that effects the Authorized
Share Increase.


 


“Authorized
Share Increase Date” means the date on which the Authorized Share Increase Amendment is filed with the State of Nevada
and that Authorized Share Increase is consummated and deemed effective by the State of Nevada.


 


“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.


 


“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or
any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action
to close.


 


“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to Section 2.1.


 


“Closing
Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable
parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii)
the Company’s obligations to deliver the Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than
the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date hereof.


 


“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which
such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.


 


“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to
acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument
that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive,
Common Stock.


 


“Company
Counsel” means Lowenstein Sandler LLP, with offices located at One Lowenstein Drive, Roseland, NJ 07068.


 


“Disclosure
Schedules” means the disclosure schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.


 


“Disclosure
Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time)
and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following
the date hereof, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time)
on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof.


 






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“Engagement
Agreement” means that certain engagement agreement dated as of the date hereof between the Company and the Placement
Agent.


 


“Escrow
Agent” means Wilmington Trust, National Association.


 


“Escrow
Agreement” means the escrow agreement entered into prior to the date hereof, by and among the Company, the Escrow Agent,
and holder representative pursuant to which the Purchasers shall deposit Subscription Amounts and the Company shall deposit the
difference between the Subscription Amounts and the aggregate Redemption Consideration (as defined in the Series A Certificate
of Designation and Series B Certificate of Designation) with the Escrow Agent to be applied to the transactions contemplated hereunder.


 


“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).


 


“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Exempt
Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or options or other awards to employees, officers, service
providers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan or arrangement duly adopted for such purpose, by a
majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors
established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company (or shares of Common Stock issued upon exercise of any such
options or awards), (b) securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Shares issued hereunder and/or other
securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this
Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such
securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection
with stock splits or combinations), (c) securities in connection with the acquisition or license by the Company of the securities,
business, property, technology or other assets of another person or business entity or pursuant to any employee benefit plan assumed
by the Company in connection with any such acquisition, and (d) securities in connection with any merger, joint venture, strategic
alliance, commercial or other collaborative transaction; provided that, in the case of immediately preceding clauses (c) and (d),
the aggregate number of securities issued in connection with all such acquisitions and other transactions does not exceed 10%
of the number of shares outstanding on a fully diluted basis after giving effect to the consummation of the offering pursuant
to this Agreement.


 


“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.


 


“FDA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).


 






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“FDCA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).


 


“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(nn).


 


“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).


 


“Issuer
Covered Person” means the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, nor, to its knowledge, any director,
executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of
the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term
is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale.


 


“Liens”
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.


 


“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).


 


“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).


 


“Per
Share Purchase Price” equals, with respect to each share of Series A Stock and each share of Series B Stock, $9.50 per
share, subject, in each case, to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other
similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.


 


“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.


 


“Pharmaceutical
Product” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(gg).


 


“Placement
Agent” means A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners.


 


“Placement
Agent Counsel” means Ballard Spahr LLP, with offices located at 1735 Market Street, 51st Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19103-7599.


 


“Preferred
Stock” means the Series A Stock and Series B Stock of the Company, each par value $0.001 per share.


 


“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial
proceeding, such as a deposition) pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened in writing against or affecting the
Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative
agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign).


 






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“Purchase
Price” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate dollar amount to be paid for Shares purchased hereunder as specified
below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Purchase Price,”
in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.


 


“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.7.


 


“Registration
Rights Agreement” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the recitals.


 


“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).


 


“Required
Minimum” means, as of any date, the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock then issued or potentially issuable
in the future pursuant to the Transaction Documents, including the conversion in full of all shares of Preferred Stock, ignoring
any conversion or exercise limits set forth therein.


 


“Rule
144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose
and effect as such Rule.


 


“Rule
424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose
and effect as such Rule.


 


“SEC
Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Series
A Certificate of Designation” means the certificate of designation for the Series A Stock to be filed with the State
of Nevada.


 


“Series
A Stock” means the Company’s Series A Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, stated value $10.00 per share.


 


“Series
B Certificate of Designation” means the certificate of designation for the Series B Stock to be filed with the State
of Nevada.


 


“Series
B Stock” means the Company’s Series B Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock, stated value $10.00 per share.


 






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“Shares”
means the shares of Preferred Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.


 


“Short
Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall
not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).


 


“Stockholder
Approval” means the Company’s stockholders approval of the Authorized Share Increase Amendment pursuant to the
Nevada Business Corporation Act.


 


“Subscription
Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate dollar amount for the stated value of Shares purchased hereunder
as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription
Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.


 


“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), and shall, where applicable, also include any direct
or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.


 


“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.


 


“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on
the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market,
the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).


 


“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Escrow Agreement, the Series A Certificate of
Designation, the Series B Certificate of Designation, Engagement Agreement, and all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto
and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.


 


“Transfer
Agent” means VStock Transfer, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 18 Lafayette
Place, Woodmere, New York 11598, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.


 


ARTICLE
II. 

PURCHASE AND SALE


 


2.1          Closing.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to issue and sell, and
the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase, 1,400,000 shares of Series A Stock and 100,000 shares of Series
B Stock. The Purchase Price as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by each Purchaser shall be made available for “Delivery
Versus Payment” settlement with the Company or its designees as described below. The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser
its Shares as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth
in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3,
the Closing shall occur at the offices of Placement Agent Counsel or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree.
Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via “Delivery Versus Payment (i.e.,
on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by
the Transfer Agent or the Company directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt
of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment
therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to the Escrow Agent).


 






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2.2          Deliveries.



 


(a)          On
or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:


 


(i)           this
Agreement duly executed by the Company;


 


(ii)          a
legal opinion of Company Counsel, in a form reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser and the Placement Agent;


 


(iii)         the
Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Escrow Agent’s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed
by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;


 


(iv)         the
Registration Rights Agreement duly executed by the Company;


 


(v)          the
Escrow Agreement duly executed by the Company and the Escrow Agent; 


 


(vi)         a
certificate executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date, in
form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser and Placement Agent;


 


(vii)        a
certificate executed by the Secretary of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date, in form and substance reasonably acceptable
to the Purchaser and Placement Agent;


 


(viii)       at
the Purchaser’s election, (a) a stock certificate in the name of the Purchaser representing the Shares or (b) a certified
copy of the Company’s book entry ledger containing entries showing the Purchaser is recorded as the owner of the Shares;
and


 


(ix)          evidence
of the filing with the State of Nevada of the Series A Certificate of Designation and the Series B Certificate of Designation.


 


(b)          On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:


 


(i)           this
Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and


 






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(ii)          such
Purchaser’s Purchase Price by wire transfer to the account specified in the Escrow Agreement.


 


2.3          Closing
Conditions. 


 


(a)          The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:


 


(i)           the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse
Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);


 


(ii)          all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been
performed; and


 


(iii)         the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.


 


(b)          The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being
met:


 


(i)           the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse
Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein
(unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);


 


(ii)          all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been
performed in all material respects;


 


(iii)         the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;


 


(iv)         the
Company shall have filed with the State of Nevada, and the State of Nevada shall have provided evidence of acceptance of, the
Series A Certificate of Designation and the Series B Certificate of Designation; 


 


(v)          there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and


 


(vi)         from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg
L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are
reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States
or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national
or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in
each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Shares at the Closing.


 






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ARTICLE
III. 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES


 


3.1          Representations
and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed
a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or warranty otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained
in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties
to each Purchaser:


 


(a)          Subsidiaries.
All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a). The Company owns, directly
or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the
issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free
of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.


 


(b)          Organization
and Qualification. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power
and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company
nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation,
bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business
and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted
or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as
the case may be, would not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity
or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business,
or financial condition of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s
ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii)
or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”); provided that a change in the market price or trading volume of the
Common Stock alone shall not be deemed, in and of itself, to constitute a Material Adverse Effect. No Proceeding has been instituted
in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.


 






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(c)          Authorization;
Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder
and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the
consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the
part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders
in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals (as defined below). This Agreement and
each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company
and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company
enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable
bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’
rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable
remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.


 


(d)          No
Conflicts. Subject to the Stockholder Approval, the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and
the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s
or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii)
conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result
in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights
of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of
time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise)
or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any
Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals (as defined below), conflict with or result in a violation
of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority
to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any
property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such
as would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(e)          Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice
to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other
Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i)
the filing of the Series A Certificate of Designation and Series B Certificate of Designation, (ii) filings pursuant to applicable
state and federal securities laws, and (iii) the registration statement required to be filed by the Registration Rights Agreement
(collectively, the “Required Approvals”).


 



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(f)           Issuance
of the Shares. The Shares have been duly authorized and when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction
Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company,
except for restrictions on transfer set forth in the Transaction Documents or imposed by applicable securities laws. The Company
has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement.
The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 under the Securities Act, and it meets the transaction requirements as set forth in General
Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3.


 


(g)          Capitalization.
The Company has an authorized and outstanding capitalization as of the date hereof as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), which
schedule shall also include the number of shares of Common Stock owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company
as of the date hereof. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange
Act other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company Stock Plans (as defined below). The shares
of Common Stock outstanding prior to the issuance of the Shares have been duly authorized and are validly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable. Except as described in Schedule 3.1(g), there are no options, warrants, agreements, contracts, rights to
subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for, or other rights in existence to purchase or acquire from the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, any
shares of the capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company, or contracts, commitments, understandings, or arrangements
by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock, Common Stock Equivalents
or capital stock of the Company or any Subsidiary, subject to the grant of options consistent with past practices. No Person has
any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The description of the Company’s stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans
or arrangements (the “Company Stock Plans”), and the options (the “Options”) or other rights
granted thereunder, set forth in the SEC Reports accurately and fairly presents in all material respects the information required
to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights. Each grant of an Option (A) was duly authorized no later
than the date on which the grant of such Option was by its terms to be effective by all necessary corporate action, including,
as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and
any required shareholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement governing such
grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto and (B) was made in accordance with the terms of the applicable
Company Stock Plan, and all applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including all applicable federal securities
laws. The issuance and sale of the Shares will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other
securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust
the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. There are no outstanding securities or instruments
of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security
or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are not outstanding securities or instruments
of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings
or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary.
The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan
or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and
non-assessable, have been issued in compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding
shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. Except for
the Required Approvals, no further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required
for the issuance and sale of the Shares. There are no stockholder agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with
respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the Company’s knowledge, between or
among any of the Company’s stockholders. 


 






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(h)          SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required
to be filed by the Company under Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for
the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such
material) (the foregoing materials, including all exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein being collectively
referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of
filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of such extension. At the time of filing thereof, the SEC Reports
complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of
the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading. In addition, any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference to the Prospectus and
Prospectus Supplement, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements
of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made not misleading. The Company has never been a shell corporation as defined in Rule 144(i) under the Securities
Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports complied in all material
respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect
at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting
principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified
in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes
required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries
as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case
of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. The agreements and documents described in the SEC
Reports conform in all material aspects to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents
required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder to be described in the SEC Reports, that have not been
so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party
or by which it is or may be bound or affected and that is referred to in the SEC Reports and is material to the Company’s
business (each, a “Material Agreement”), has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full
force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company’s knowledge, the other
parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization
or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision
may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and
other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding
therefore may be brought. No Material Agreement has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the best of
the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred
that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder that has had or that could
reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. To the Company’s knowledge, performance by the Company of
the material provisions of the Material Agreements will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation,
judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any
of its assets or businesses, including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations. The other financial
and statistical information included in the SEC Reports present fairly, in all material respects, the information included therein
and have been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements that are included in the SEC Reports and the
books and records of the respective entities presented therein.


 






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(i)           Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included
within the SEC Reports (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that would reasonably be expected
to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any material liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other
than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B)
liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings
made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made
any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase
or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or
Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company equity compensation or stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before
the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Shares contemplated by this
Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected
to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations,
assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time
this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that
this representation is made.


 






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(j)           Litigation.
Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(j), there is no material action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or
investigation pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any
of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority
(federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”). None of the Actions set forth in the
SEC Reports adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the
Shares or would, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving
a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has
not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving
the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other
order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act
or the Securities Act.


 


(k)          Labor
Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of
the Company, which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’
employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement. To the Company’s knowledge, no
executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment
contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract
or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer
does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company
and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating
to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be
in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(l)           Compliance.
Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been
waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has
the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture,
loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is
bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any
court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any applicable statute, rule, ordinance
or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws
relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor
matters, except in each case as would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 






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(m)         Environmental
Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in material compliance with all applicable federal, state, local and foreign
laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater,
land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals,
pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”)
into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport
or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments,
licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder
(“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable
Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such
permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply would be reasonably expected to
have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(n)          Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal,
state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports,
except where the failure to possess such permits would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material
Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation
or modification of any Material Permit.


 


(o)          Title
to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them
and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries,
in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not
materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries, and (ii)
Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with
GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease
by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and
the Subsidiaries are in compliance, except where the failure to be in compliance would not reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect.


 






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(p)          Intellectual
Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark
applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights
and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports
and which the failure to so have would have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”).
None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a written notice that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights
has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the
date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements
included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights
violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as would not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse
Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement
by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security
measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do
so would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company has no knowledge
of any facts that would preclude it from having valid license rights or clear title to the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company
has no knowledge that it lacks or will be unable to obtain any rights or licenses to use all Intellectual Property Rights that
are necessary to conduct its business.


 


(q)          Insurance.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks
and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including,
but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage.


 


(r)           Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as disclosed in Schedule 3.1(r), none of the officers or directors of the Company
or any Subsidiary and, to the Company’s knowledge, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a
party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including
any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or
personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments
to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the Company’s knowledge, any entity in which any officer, director,
or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case
in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses
incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option
plan of the Company.


 






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(s)          Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with the applicable
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and
regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The
Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that:
(i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability,
(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the
recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken
with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and
procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange
Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.
The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company
and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such
date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange
Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their
evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial
reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or
is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.


 


(t)           Certain
Fees. Except to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company
or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person
with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect
to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section
that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.


 


(u)          Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not
be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


 


(v)          Registration
Rights. Except as described in Schedule 3.1(v) and as provided in the Registration Rights Agreement, no Person has
any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the
Company or any Subsidiary.


 






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(w)          Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the
Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating
terminating such registration. Except as described in Schedule 3.1(w), the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding
the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect
that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. Except as disclosed
in Schedule 3.1(w), the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to
be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer
through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the
fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.


 


(x)          Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and its Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render
inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement)
or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents)
or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and
the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation
as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Shares and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Shares.


 


(y)          Disclosure.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company
confirms that neither it nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the
Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, nonpublic
information which is not otherwise disclosed in the SEC Reports on or prior to the Closing Date. The Company understands and confirms
that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the
disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective
businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct
in all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary
in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The
press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not
contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in
order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the
transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.


 






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(z)          No
Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2,
neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made
any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering
of the Shares to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions
of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.


 


(aa)        Tax
Status. The Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and
all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii)
has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, whether or not shown or determined
to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the
payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There
are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of
the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.


 


(bb)       Foreign
Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the Company’s knowledge, any agent or other person
acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions,
gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment
to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate
funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on
its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision
of FCPA.


 


(cc)        Accountants.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm is set forth in the SEC Reports. To the Company’s knowledge,
such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) has expressed its opinion
with respect to the financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2021.


 


(dd)        Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Shares. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting
solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated
thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in
any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given
by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions
contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Shares. The Company further represents to each
Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely
on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.


 






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(ee)         Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding
(except for Sections 3.2(e) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers
has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short,
securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Shares
for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without
limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement
transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and
counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently
may have a “short” position in the Common Stock; and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation
with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands
and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities (in material compliance with applicable laws)
at various times during the period that the Shares are outstanding, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the
value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are
being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the
Transaction Documents.


 


(ff)          Regulation
M Compliance. The Company has not, and to the Company’s knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly
or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of
the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Shares, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for
soliciting purchases of, any of the Shares, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another
to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement
Agent in connection with the placement of the Shares.


 


(gg)        FDA.
As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is manufactured, packaged,
labeled, tested and/or distributed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical Product”),
such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested and/or distributed by the Company in compliance with
all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use,
licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product
listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would
not have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in Schedule 3.1(gg), there is no pending, completed or, to the
Company’s knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding,
charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests
the licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing
of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall,
suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any
Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
(iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent
decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws,
rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have
a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material
respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA. The Company has not been informed by the FDA
that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced
or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed
or proposed to be developed by the Company.


 






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(hh)       Stock
Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance
with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value
of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted
under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has
been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of
stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries
or their financial results or prospects.


 


(ii)          Office
of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer,
agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office
of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”). 


 


(jj)          Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
(the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly
or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or
more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank
or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. 


 






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(kk)        Anti-Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with
applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970,
as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Anti-Money
Laundering Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any
arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the Company’s
knowledge, threatened in writing.


 


(ll)          Other
Covered Persons. Other than the Placement Agent, the Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person)
that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale
of any Shares.


 


(mm)      Solvency.
Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the
Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds
the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to
carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular
capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability
thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate
all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in
respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability
to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt).
The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation
under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(ll)
sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which
the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x)
any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary
course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether
or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties
by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business;
and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance
with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.


 






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(nn)       Regarding
Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except
for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.13 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been
asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities
of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Shares for any
specified term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation,
Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions,
may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities, (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties
in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a
“short” position in the Common Stock and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control
over any arm’s length counter-party in Acknowledgment any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands
and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the
Shares are outstanding, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity
interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that
such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.


 


(oo)       Cybersecurity.
(i) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s
information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers,
employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively,
“IT Systems and Data”) and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge
of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems
and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments,
orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual
obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from
unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain
and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems
and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry
standards and practices.


 


(pp)       Subsidiary
Rights. The Company has the unrestricted right to vote, and (subject to limitations imposed by applicable law) to receive
dividends and distributions on, all capital securities of its Subsidiaries as owned by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company.


 


(qq)       Promotional
Stock Activities. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary of the Company and none of their respective officers, directors,
managers, affiliates or agents have engaged in any stock promotional activity that could give rise to a complaint, inquiry, or
trading suspension by the SEC alleging (i) a violation of the anti-fraud provisions of the federal securities laws, (ii) violations
of the anti-touting provisions, (iii) improper “gun-jumping; or (iv) promotion without proper disclosure of compensation.


 






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(rr)          No
Cash Payments. Except as disclosed on the Disclosure Schedules, neither the Company, its officers, or any Affiliates or agents
of the Company have withdrawn or paid cash (not including a check or other similar negotiable instrument) to any vendor in an
aggregate amount that exceeds Five Thousand Dollars ($5,000) for any purpose.


 


3.2          Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as
of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they
shall be accurate as of such date):


 


(a)          Organization;
Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability
company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents
and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and
performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary
corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction
Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with
the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance
with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by
laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as
indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.


 


(b)          Understandings
or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Shares as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement
or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Shares (this representation and warranty
not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Shares or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities
laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring such Shares as principal for his, her or its own account and not with a view to or for distributing
or reselling such Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no
present intention of distributing any of such Shares in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law
and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution
of such Shares in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not
limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell such Shares pursuant to a registration statement or otherwise in compliance with
applicable federal and state securities laws).


 






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(c)          Purchaser
Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Shares, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, either: (i) an “accredited
investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified
institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.


 


(d)          Experience
of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and
experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment
in the Shares, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk
of an investment in the Shares and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.


 


(e)          Access
to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including
all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it
has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the
offering of the Shares and the merits and risks of investing in the Shares; (ii) access to information about the Company and its
financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate
its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without
unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such
Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such
Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Shares nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither
the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Shares and
the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser
agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Shares to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent
nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.


 


(f)           Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not,
nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any
purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such
Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting
forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage
separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions
made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall
only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase
the Shares covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives,
including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates,
such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including
the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein
shall constitute a representation or warranty against, or a prohibition of, any actions with respect to the borrowing of, arrangement
to borrow, identification of the availability of, and/or securing of, securities of the Company in order for such Purchaser (or
its broker or other financial representative) to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 






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(g)          General
Solicitation. Such Purchaser is not purchasing the Shares as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication
regarding the Shares published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented
at any seminar or, to the knowledge of such Purchaser, any other general solicitation or general advertisement.


 


(h)          No
Government Recommendation or Approval. Such Purchaser understands that no United States federal or state agency, or similar
agency of any other country, has reviewed, approved, passed upon, or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Company or
the purchase of the Shares.


 


(i)           No
Intent to Effect a Change of Control; Ownership. Such Purchaser has no present intent to effect a “change of control”
of the Company as such term is understood under the rules promulgated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. 


 


(j)           No
Rule 506 Disqualifying Activities. Such Purchaser has not taken any of the actions set forth in, and is not subject to, the
disqualification provisions of Rule 506(d)(1) of the Securities Act.


 


(k)          Residency.
Such Purchaser is a resident of the jurisdiction specified below its address on the signature pages hereto.


 


(l)           Restricted
Securities. Such Purchaser understands that the Shares are characterized as “restricted securities” under the
U.S. federal securities laws inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Company in a transaction not involving a public offering
and that under such laws and applicable regulations such securities may be resold without registration under the Securities Act
only in certain limited circumstances.


 


(m)         Legends.
It is understood that, except as provided below, certificates or book entry accounts evidencing the Shares may bear the following
or any similar legend:


 


“THE
SECURITIES REPRESENTED HEREBY HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION
OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY
NOT BE TRANSFERRED UNLESS (I) SUCH SECURITIES HAVE BEEN REGISTERED FOR SALE PURSUANT TO THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED,
(II) SUCH SECURITIES MAY BE SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144, OR (III) THE COMPANY HAS RECEIVED AN OPINION OF COUNSEL REASONABLY SATISFACTORY
TO IT THAT SUCH TRANSFER MAY LAWFULLY BE MADE WITHOUT REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED. NOTWITHSTANDING
THE FOREGOING, THE SECURITIES MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR FINANCING ARRANGEMENT
SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.”


 






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If
required by the authorities of any state in connection with the issuance of sale of the Shares, the legend required by such state
authority.


 


The
Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such
Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations
and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection
with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance
of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating
or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 


ARTICLE
IV. 

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES


 


4.1          Removal
of Legends. 


 


(a)          In
connection with any sale, assignment, transfer or other disposition of the Shares by a Purchaser pursuant to Rule 144 or pursuant
to any other exemption under the Securities Act such that the purchaser acquires freely tradable shares and upon compliance by
the Purchaser with the requirements of this Agreement, if requested by the Purchaser, the Company shall cause the Transfer Agent
to timely remove any restrictive legends related to the book entry account holding such Shares and make a new, unlegended entry
for such book entry Shares sold or disposed of without restrictive legends within two Business Days of the request of the Purchaser,
provided that the Company has received from the Purchaser customary representations and other documentation reasonably acceptable
to the Company in connection therewith.


 


(b)          Subject
to receipt from the Purchaser by the Company and the Transfer Agent of customary representations and other customary documentation
reasonably acceptable to the Company and the Transfer Agent in connection therewith, upon the earliest of (i) the Shares being
subject to an effective registration statement covering the resale of the Shares, (ii) such time as the Shares have been sold
pursuant to Rule 144, or (iii) such time as the Shares are eligible for resale under Rule 144(c) without current information or
volume limitations or any successor provision (such earliest date, the “Effective Date”), the Company shall
(A) deliver to the Transfer Agent irrevocable instructions that the Transfer Agent shall make a new, unlegended entry for such
book entry Shares, and (B) cause its counsel to deliver to the Transfer Agent, no later than two Trading Days after the Effective
Date, one or more opinions to the effect that the removal of such legends in such circumstances may be effected under the Securities
Act if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend in accordance with such irrevocable instructions and
the other applicable provisions of this Agreement. The Company agrees that following the Effective Date or at such time as such
legend is no longer required under this Section, it will, no later than two Trading Days following the delivery by a Purchaser
to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Shares issued with a restrictive legend, deliver or cause to
be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The
Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer
set forth in this Section. Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchaser
by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the DTC System as directed by such Purchaser. The Company
shall be responsible for the fees of its Transfer Agent and all DTC fees associated with such issuance.


 






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(c)          Each
Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, agrees with the Company (i) that such Purchaser will sell any
Shares pursuant to either the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements,
or an exemption therefrom, (ii) that if Shares are sold pursuant to a registration statement, they will be sold in compliance
with the plan of distribution set forth therein and (iii) that if, after the effective date of the registration statement covering
the resale of the Shares, such registration statement is not then effective and the Company has provided notice to such Purchaser
to that effect, such Purchaser will sell shares only in compliance with an exemption from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act. Each Purchaser acknowledges that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates representing Shares as
set forth in this Section is predicated upon the Company’s reliance upon this understanding and that any counsel to the
Company will be entitled to rely on this acknowledgment in connection with the opinion(s) described in Section 4.1(b).


 


4.2          Integration.
The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined
in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Shares for purposes of the rules and
regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction
unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.


 


4.3          Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time issue a press release disclosing the material terms
of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits
thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release,
the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered
to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees
or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance
of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement,
whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents,
employees or Affiliates on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate.
The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions
contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such
public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the
prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld
or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other
party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly
disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency
or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection
with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or
Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted
under this clause (b).


 






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4.4          Shareholder
Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, by any other Person, that
any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill
(including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted
by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of
receiving Shares under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.


 


4.5          Non-Public
Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.3, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person
acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company
reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented to
the receipt of such information and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and
confirms that any Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.
To the extent that the Company delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent,
the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of
its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any
of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the basis
of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that
any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding
the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such material non-public information with the Commission
pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchaser shall be relying on the
foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.


 






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4.6          Use
of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder for working capital purposes and
for the repurchase of shares of Common Stock pursuant to its currently existing share repurchase program (the “Share Repurchase
Program”), and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than
payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption
of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, except pursuant to the Share Repurchase Program, (c) for the settlement
of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.


 


4.7          Indemnification
of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.7, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors,
officers, managers, advisors, brokers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally
equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls
such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors,
officers, managers, advisers, brokers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally
equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons
(each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies,
damages, costs and reasonable expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’
fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach
of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction
Documents, (b) the administration, performance or enforcement by the Investors of any of the Transaction Documents or consummation
of any transaction described therein, (c) additionally, if any taxes (excluding taxes imposed upon or measured solely by the net
income of the recipient of any payment made under any Transaction Document, but including any intangibles tax, stamp tax, recording
tax or franchise tax) shall be imposed on the Company or any Purchaser Party, whether or not lawfully payable, on account of the
execution or delivery of this Agreement, or the execution, delivery, issuance or recording of any of the other Transaction Documents,
or the creation or repayment of any of obligations hereunder, by reason of any applicable regulations now or hereafter in effect,
the Company shall pay (or shall promptly reimburse such Purchaser Party for the payment of) all such taxes, including any interest,
penalties, expenses and other losses with respect thereto), and will indemnify and hold the Purchaser Parties harmless from and
against all interest, penalties, expenses and losses arising therefrom or in connection therewith, (d)
any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder
of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents (unless such action is based upon a material breach of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants
under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or
any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally
judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct). If any action shall be brought against any
Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify
the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably
acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and
participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party
except to the extent that (x) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (y) the Company
has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (z) in such action there is, in the
reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position
of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one
such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (1) for any settlement or compromise
of, or consent to the entry of judgement in, any action, claim or proceeding by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s
prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (2) to the extent, but only to the extent that
a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties,
covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents. The indemnification
required by this Section 4.7 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or
defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any
cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject
to pursuant to law.


 






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4.8          Reservation
of Common Stock. Subject to the receipt of Stockholder Approval and the consummation of the Authorized Share Increase, from
and after the consummation of the Authorized Share Increase, the Company shall reserve and keep available at all times, free of
preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant
to this Agreement.


 


4.9          Listing
of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing of the Common Stock on the Trading
Market on which it is currently listed. The Company will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and
other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. For so long as the Company maintains a listing or quotation
of the Common Stock on a Trading Market, the Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer
through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment
of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.


 


4.10        Reservation
and Listing of Securities.


 


(a)          On
and after the Authorized Share Increase Date, the Company shall maintain a reserve, free of any preemptive rights, from its duly
authorized shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to the Transaction Documents in such amount as may then be required to
fulfill its obligations in full under the Transaction Documents. If, at any date after the Authorized Share Increase Date, the
number of authorized but unissued (and otherwise unreserved) shares of Common Stock is less than the Required Minimum on such
date, then the Board of Directors shall use commercially reasonable efforts to amend the Company’s certificate or articles
of incorporation to increase the number of authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock to at least the Required Minimum at
such time, as soon as possible, and in any event not later than the 90th day after such date.


 






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(b)          As
soon as reasonably possible and, in any event, within four (4) days of the Closing Date, the Company will file a preliminary proxy
statement with the SEC for purposes of holding a special meeting of stockholders to approve the Authorized Share Increase Amendment.
Thereafter, unless the Company has received comments from the SEC to the preliminary proxy statement, the Company shall file a
definitive proxy statement for such purposes within fifteen (15) days of the Closing Date. In the event the Company receives comments
to the preliminary proxy statement from the SEC, the Company shall promptly and diligently respond to and use commercially reasonable
efforts to resolve such comments. The Company shall keep the Investors reasonably informed of any such comments and responses.
As long as the Company has Shares outstanding, the Company shall hold a special meeting of stockholders (which may also be at
the annual meeting of stockholders) on or prior to December 30, 2022, for the purpose of obtaining the Stockholder Approval with
the recommendation of the Company’s Board of Directors that such proposals are approved, and the Company shall solicit proxies
from its stockholders in connection therewith in the same manner as all other management proposals in such proxy statement and
all management-appointed proxyholders shall vote their proxies in favor of such proposals. The Company shall use its best efforts
to obtain the Stockholder Approval. If the Company does not obtain the Stockholder Approval at the first meeting, the Company
shall call a meeting at least every one hundred twenty (120) days thereafter to seek the Stockholder Approval until the date on
which the Stockholder Approval is obtained. When the Company obtains the Stockholder Approval, the Company shall file the Authorized
Share Increase Amendment with the State of Nevada, and cause the Authorized Share Increase to become effective, as soon as practicable,
but in no event later than one (1) Business Day following the Stockholder Approval. On the Authorized Share Increase Date, the
Company shall file a Form 8-K disclosing that the Authorized Share Increase Amendment has been filed with and accepted by the
State of Nevada and that the Authorized Share Increase has become effective.


 


(c)          The
Company shall, if applicable: (i) in the time and manner required by the principal Trading Market, prepare and file with such
Trading Market an additional shares listing application covering a number of shares of Common Stock at least equal to the Required
Minimum on the date of such application, (ii) take all steps necessary to cause such shares of Common Stock to be approved for
listing or quotation on such Trading Market as soon as possible thereafter, (iii) provide to the Purchasers evidence of such listing
or quotation and (iv) maintain for two (2) years the listing or quotation of such Common Stock on any date at least equal to the
Required Minimum on such date on such Trading Market or another Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain for two (2) years
the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing
corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established
clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.


 






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4.11        Subsequent
Equity Sales.


 


(a)          Except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.11,
to the extent shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding, from the date hereof until sixty (60) days thereafter, neither the Company nor
any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock
or Common Stock Equivalents, except that the Company shall not be restricted from selling shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents
pursuant to an at-the-market offering or an equity line of credit transaction. In addition, to the extent shares of Preferred Stock are
outstanding, from the Closing Date until one hundred twenty (120) days thereafter, neither the Company nor any subsidiary shall issue
any shares of preferred stock or other securities having rights senior to or pari passu with the Preferred Stock.


 


(b)          Except
as otherwise provided in this Section 4.11, from the date hereof until the earlier of (A) the date on which all Shares are redeemed
in accordance with their terms and (B) the date that is one hundred eighty (180) days following the Authorized Share Increase
Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate
Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt
or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares
of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies
with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or
equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after
the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly
related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under,
any agreement whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. A Variable Rate Transaction shall not include
any sales pursuant to an at-the-market offering or an equity line of credit. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive
relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.


 


(c)          Except
as otherwise provided in this Section 4.11, until the Authorized Share Increase Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall
make any issuance whatsoever of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents. The Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive
relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.


 


(d)          Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall
be an Exempt Issuance. 


 


4.12        Restrictions
on Conversion and Voting of Preferred Stock. 


 


(a)          From
the date hereof up to and including the Authorized Share Increase Date, each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other
Purchasers, covenants that such Purchaser will not convert any shares of Preferred Stock and such Purchaser will not transfer,
offer, sell, contract to sell, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to,
or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or effective economic disposition
due to cash settlement or otherwise)) any shares of Preferred Stock. 


 






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4.13        Equal
Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid
to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration
is also offered to all of the parties to such Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a
separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company
to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with
respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Shares or otherwise.


 


4.14        Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither
it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including
Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending
at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.3. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers covenants that until such time
as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.3, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and
the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and notwithstanding anything contained in
this Agreement to the contrary (including Section 4.12), the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes
any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company
after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press
release as described in Section 4.3, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any
securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.3 and (iii) no
Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries
after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.3. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and except as set
forth in Section 4.12, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers
manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment
decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above
shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase
the Securities covered by this Agreement.


 


4.15        Capital
Changes. To the extent that shares of Preferred Stock are outstanding, until the one-year anniversary of the Closing Date,
the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written
consent of the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the Shares, provided that no consent shall be required in the event
the Company undertakes a reverse stock split for purposes of maintaining the listing of the Common Stock on the Trading Market.


 






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4.16        Securities
Law Filings. The Company covenants and agrees that all reports, schedules, forms, statements, and other documents required
to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereto,
will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and Exchange Act and the applicable rules and
regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. 


 


ARTICLE
V. 

MISCELLANEOUS


 


5.1          Termination.
This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, by written notice to the Company, if the Closing has not been consummated on
or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof.


 


5.2          Fees
and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and
expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident
to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent
fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company
and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery
of any Shares to the Purchasers.


 


5.3          Entire
Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of
the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral
or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.


 


5.4          Notices.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and
shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth below at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New
York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is
delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth below on a day that is not
a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd)Trading Day following the date
of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such
notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth below. To the extent
that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Documents constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding
the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report
on Form 8-K.


 






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If
to the Company:


 


Tonix
Pharmaceuticals Holdings Corp.

26 Main Street, Suite 101

Chatham, New Jersey

Attn: Bradley Saenger

          Chief Financial Officer

Email:


 


with
a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:


 


Lowenstein
Sandler LLP

One Lowenstein Drive

Roseland, NJ 07068

Attn: Alan Wovsaniker

Email: awovsaniker@lowesntein.com


 


If
to the Purchasers:


 


to
the addresses set forth on the signature pages hereto.


 


5.5          Amendments;
Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed,
in the case of an amendment prior to Closing by each individual Purchaser, and after Closing, by the Company and Purchasers which
purchased a majority in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder or, in the case of a waiver,
by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or
waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted
Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or
requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or
a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any
right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. 


 


5.6          Headings.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect
any of the provisions hereof.


 


5.7          Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted
assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of
each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to
whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Shares, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect
to the transferred Shares, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”


 






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5.8          No
Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third-party beneficiary of the representations and warranties
of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended
for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor
may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.7 and this Section 5.8.


 


5.9          Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall
be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the
principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement
and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a
party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be
commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to
the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication
of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including
with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert
in any action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such action
or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service
of process and consents to process being served in any such action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified
mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement
and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein
shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence
an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company
under Section 4.7, the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable
attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action
or proceeding.


 


5.10        Survival.
The covenants, representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Shares for a
period of five (5) years from the Closing.


 


5.11        Execution.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same
agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being
understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission
or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf’ format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of
the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf’
signature page were an original thereof.


 


5.12        Severability.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid,
illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain
in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated
by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that
they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be
hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.


 






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5.13        Rescission
and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of)
any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction
Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser
may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand
or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.


 


5.14        Replacement
of Shares. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Shares is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall
issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in
lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory
to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances
shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement
Shares.


 


5.15        Remedies.
In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of
the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to seek specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree
that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained
in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation
the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.


 


5.16        Payment
Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document
or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or
exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from,
disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person
under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action),
then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived
and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.


 


5.17        Independent
Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The Purchasers have been represented by its own separate legal counsel
in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, the Purchasers and
their counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through the legal counsel of the Placement Agent. The legal counsel
of the Placement Agent does not represent the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. 


 






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5.18        Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required
or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding
Business Day.


 


5.19        Construction.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction
Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting
party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and
every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse
and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after
the date of this Agreement.


 


5.20        WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY,
THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY,
IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. 


 


(Signature
Pages Follow)


 




     39


     


    

 


IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized
signatories as of the date first indicated above.


 


	TONIX
    PHARMACEUTICALS HOLDING CORP.	 
	 	 
	By:
	 
	Name:
    Seth Lederman	 
	Title:
    President and Chief Executive Officer 	 
	 	 


[REMAINDER
OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]


 




     40


     


    

 


[PURCHASER
SIGNATURE PAGES TO SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized
signatories as of the date first indicated above.


 


Name
of Purchaser:                                                                                                                               


 


Signature
of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:                                                                                 


 


Name
of Authorized Signatory:                                                                                                             


 


Title
of Authorized Signatory:                                                                                                               


 


Email
Address of Authorized Signatory:                                                                                              


 


Facsimile
Number of Authorized Signatory:                                                                                        


 


Address
for Notice to Purchaser:                                                                                                          


 


DWAC
for Shares:                                                                                                                                


 


Subscription
Amount for Series A Stock: $                                                               


 


Shares
of Series A Stock:                                                                                           


 


Subscription
Amount for Series B Stock: $                                                               


 


Shares
of Series B Stock:                                                                                            


 


Per
Share Purchase Price:                                                                                           


 


Purchase
Price for Series A Stock: $                                                                                  


 


Purchase
Price for Series B Stock: $                                                                                  


 


EIN
Number:                                                                            


 




     41


     


    

 


EXHIBIT
A


 


Form
of Registration Rights Agreement


 





     42