[Cite as In re A.G., 2020-Ohio-6754.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

LICKING COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

 : JUDGES: 

 : 

 : Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. 

 : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. 

IN RE A.G. : Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J. 

 : 

 : Case No. 2020 CA 00045 

 : 

 : 

 : 

 : 

 : O P I N I O N 

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Licking County Court of 

Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case 

No. F 20180675 

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED 

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 17, 2020 

APPEARANCES: 

For Mother-Appellant: For LCJFS-Appellee: 

 

JERMAINE L. COLQUITT WILLIAM C. HAYES 

33 W. Main St. LICKING COUNTY PROSECUTOR 

Suite 109 

Newark, OH 43055 PAULA M. SAWYERS 

 20 S. Second St., 4th Floor

 Newark, OH 43055 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 2 

Delaney, J. 

{¶1} Mother-Appellant appeals the June 19, 2020 judgment entry of the Licking 

County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, granting permanent custody of A.G. 

to the Appellee, Licking County Job & Family Services and placing S.B. into a Planned 

Permanent Living Arrangement with Appellee, Licking County Job & Family Services. 

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 

{¶2} Mother-Appellant is the biological mother of four children: S.B. (born on July 

28, 2003); A.G. (born on July 25, 2006); and twins A.G. and J.G. (born on June 9, 2008). 

The twins are not part of this appeal. 

{¶3} The father of S.B. is H.B. The father of A.G. is R.N. The fathers had no 

relationship with their children and were in prison. Mother was in a 15-year relationship 

with J.G., the biological father of the twins. J.G. has a history of substance abuse and 

criminal activity, including a felony domestic violence conviction in February 2019. 

{¶4} Appellee Licking County Job & Family Services (“LCJFS”) became involved 

with Mother and her children in September 2018 based on allegations of neglect. It was 

alleged that Mother and J.G. were involved with drugs and had committed domestic 

violence. The home was unkempt, infested with insects, and the children exhibited 

symptoms of chronic head lice. Upon investigation by LCJFS, it filed a complaint alleging 

dependency on October 3, 2018. The four children were removed from the home and 

placed in the Emergency Shelter Care Custody of LCJFS on October 3, 2018. The twins 

were placed in the temporary custody of their caregiver, subject to protective supervision. 

S.B. and A.G. were placed in separate foster care homes. 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 3 

{¶5} An uncontested adjudicatory hearing was held on December 31, 2018. The 

children were determined to be dependent and placed in the temporary custody of LCJFS. 

{¶6} On August 29, 2019, LCJFS filed a Motion for Permanent Custody for A.G. 

LCJFS also filed a Motion to Modify Disposition to a Planned Permanent Living 

Arrangement (PPLA) for S.B. The motions were set for a hearing before the Magistrate 

on January 14, 2020. The following facts were adduced at the hearing. 

{¶7} Mother’s case was assigned to Caitlin Gladstone, ongoing social worker 

with LCJFS. Gladstone filed Mother’s first case plan on October 30, 2018. Gladstone met 

with Mother on November 27, 2018 to review the case plan. The case plan had four 

objectives: substance abuse, housing, employment, and parenting. Mother’s drug of 

choice was methamphetamines. The case plan required her to obtain substance abuse 

treatment and drug screening. Mother was required to secure stable employment and 

housing which would place her in a position to provide for the financial and housing needs 

for her children. She finally had to complete parenting classes. Mother did not agree with 

all the case plan objectives and felt she only needed to address housing and employment. 

{¶8} The case plan provided for supervised visitation with S.B. and A.G. Mother 

had her first visit on October 16, 2018. Her second visit was scheduled for October 30, 

2018 and Mother did not appear. From October 2018 to July 2019, Mother was deep into 

her drug addiction. She did not participate in visitation or any services provided by LCJFS. 

She did not contact Gladstone or LCJFS. 

{¶9} On February 1, 2019, Gladstone filed an amended case plan that removed 

Mother from the cover page due to Mother’s lack of contact with LCJFS. 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 4 

{¶10} After the children were removed from the home, Mother was homeless. In 

June 2019, Mother moved to a recovery house and engaged services with the Alcohol 

and Drug Freedom Center of Knox County. She completed her diagnostic assessment 

on June 4, 2019, where she was diagnosed with severe amphetamine type stimulant use 

disorder, severe cannabis use disorder, and mild cocaine stimulant use disorder. Her 

treatment plan was to attend intensive outpatient program and weekly individual 

counseling. She started individual counseling on June 14, 2019 and IOP on June 17, 

2019. 

{¶11} Mother reached out to Gladstone in July 2019 and expressed an interest in 

reunifying with her children. Mother and Gladstone met on August 12, 2019, where 

Mother admitted she had a substance abuse disorder, but her last use was May 24, 2019 

when she got high on her birthday. 

{¶12} Mother moved from the recovery house and rented a room in a boarding 

house. She lived there for a few months and in September 2019, Mother rented an 

apartment with J.G. Gladstone would not conduct a home visit to the apartment because 

J.G. threatened her. In January 2020, Mother received a voucher for subsidized housing 

and independently leased a two-bedroom apartment. J.G. was in prison. Mother slept in 

the common room of the apartment and stated the four children could share the two 

bedrooms. 

{¶13} Mother had no employment. She had time restrictions due to her substance 

abuse treatment that limited her working hours. She had a job as a gas station attendant 

for a few weeks and did some cleaning work. She consistently applied for employment 

and was applying for Social Security disability due to her substance abuse disorder. 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 5 

{¶14} Mother completed IOP on November 25, 2019. She still attended individual 

counseling sessions. She took drug screens on June 21, 2019, July 24, 2019, and 

January 9, 2020, which were negative. 

{¶15} When J.G. was arrested and incarcerated, Mother obtained independent 

housing. Mother visited him once in jail. She stated she was no longer in a relationship 

with him but remained in contact with him because of the children. She stated she was 

unaware he was using drugs and understood his substance abuse was a risk to her own 

recovery. Gladstone, at Mother’s request, gave J.G. a separate case plan for reunification 

with the twins. 

{¶16} Mother attended parenting classes and successfully completed the session. 

During the pendency of the case, Mother had a poor relationship with S.B. and A.G. 

Mother appeared for her first visit with the children on October 16, 2018, but she did not 

appear for her second visit on October 30, 2018. On November 6, 2018, Gladstone met 

with both children and they expressed they no longer wished to visit with Mother. Mother 

reappeared in July 2019 and expressed a desire to reunify with her children. Mother said 

she wanted to participate in joint counseling sessions with the children. The children’s 

case manager stated the children had no desire to participate in joint counseling with 

Mother and it would be detrimental to their individual trauma recovery. 

{¶17} The children were placed in separate foster care in October 2018. Neither 

child has special physical needs, but they require mental health treatment due to trauma. 

S.B. is bonded with his foster parents and siblings. He struggles in school and needed to 

repeat the ninth grade. He was in counseling and was being taught independent living 

skills. S.B. expressed to the Guardian ad Litem that he did not wish to be reunified with 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 6 

Mother and preferred to remain in his foster home. He did not want to be adopted. A.G. 

started her placement with the caregiver for the twins. A.G. was moved to a foster family 

but was transitioned to Maternal Aunt after A.G. struck a foster sibling. A.G. was removed 

from Maternal Aunt’s home due to behavioral issues. A.G. was placed in a foster to adopt 

home, where she is doing better, and the family wants to adopt her. She struggles socially 

and with anger management. A.G. does not want to go back to Mother’s care. 

{¶18} The Guardian ad Litem recommended that A.G. be placed in the permanent 

custody of LCJFS and a PPLA be granted for S.B. 

{¶19} The Magistrate issued his Decision on April 16, 2020. He first found the 

children were placed in the temporary custody of LCJFS on December 31, 2018, 

approximately 13 months before the January 14, 2020 hearing. The Magistrate found 

reasonable efforts were made to prevent the continued need for removal, but 

notwithstanding the reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by LCJFS, the 

conditions that caused the children to be placed outside the home had not sufficiently 

improved to allow for reunification. The Magistrate found the biggest issue was Mother’s 

relationship with the children: 

Both children have expressed that they don’t want to see [Mother] or live in 

her home. This is understandable, as both are angry with her for 

disappearing from their lives in October of 2018 to August of 2019. These 

children are old enough to understand and appreciate these cases and the 

circumstances which gave rise to these cases. [Mother] expressed that she 

wants to engage in counseling with the children. This is not a bad idea. 

However, this would only work if the children are able and willing to do so. 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 7 

Counseling isn’t something that will make it all better in a couple of weeks. 

It may take months and given where this case stands, it is unlikely that a 

single extension of temporary custody would give enough time for this 

counseling to be successful enough for reunification to occur. 

(Magistrate’s Decision, Apr. 16, 2020). 

{¶20} The Magistrate considered the statutory best interest factors and 

recommended it was in the best interests of the children that permanent custody of A.G. 

be granted to LCJFS. The Magistrate ordered that S.B. be placed in a PPLA with LCJFS. 

{¶21} On June 1, 2020, Mother filed objections to the Magistrate’s Decision. 

{¶22} On June 19, 2020, the trial court overruled Mother’s objections and adopted 

the Magistrate’s Decision. It is from this judgment entry that Mother now appeals. 

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR 

{¶23} Mother raises two Assignments of Error: 

{¶24} “I. THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY

OF A.G. AND PPLA OF S.B. TO LCDJFS IS NOT SUPPORTED BY CLEAR AND 

CONVINCING EVIDENCE, THE AGENCY DID NOT PROVE THAT A.G. CANNOT OR 

SHOULD NOT BE PLACED WITH MOTHER WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME, DID NOT 

MAKE THE STATUTORY SHOWINGS FOR PPLA, AND DID NOT PROVE THAT 

GRANTING EITHER MOTION WAS IN THE CHILD’S BEST INTEREST. 

{¶25} “II. WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION GRANTING 

PERMANENT CUSTODY IS SUPPORTED BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE, 

WHETHER THE AGENCY MADE THE NECESSARY STATUTORY SHOWINGS IN 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 8 

SUPPORT OF ITS PPLA MOTION, AND WHETHER EITHER OF THESE MOTIONS

WAS IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD.” 

ANALYSIS 

I. and II. 

{¶26} In her two Assignments of Error, Mother argues the trial court erred when it 

granted permanent custody of A.G. to LCJFS and granted LCJFS’s motion to place S.B. 

in a planned permanent living arrangement with LCJFS. We separately consider Mother’s 

arguments as to each child’s dispositional order. 

A.G. and Permanent Custody 

{¶27} Mother contends in her first and second Assignment of Error that the 

judgment of the juvenile court to grant permanent custody of A.G. to LCJFS was not 

supported by clear and convincing evidence, nor was the judgment in the best interest of 

the child. We disagree. 

Standard of Review 

{¶28} “[T]he right to raise a child is an ‘essential’ and ‘basic’ civil right.” In re 

Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990), quoting Stanley v. Illinois, 405 

U.S. 645, 92 S.Ct. 1208, 31 L.Ed.2d 551 (1972). An award of permanent custody must 

be based on clear and convincing evidence. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1). Clear and convincing 

evidence is that evidence “which will provide in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief 

or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 

469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954). “Where the degree of proof required to sustain an issue 

must be clear and convincing, a reviewing court will examine the record to determine 

whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 9 

of proof.” Id. at 477, 120 N.E.2d 118. If some competent, credible evidence going to all 

the essential elements of the case supports the trial court's judgment, an appellate court 

must affirm the judgment and not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. C.E. 

Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). 

{¶29} Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given to 

the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. Seasons Coal v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 

77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984). Deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is 

“crucial in a child custody case, where there may be much evidence in the parties' 

demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger, 77 

Ohio St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997). 

{¶30} R.C. 2151.414 sets forth the guidelines a trial court must follow when 

deciding a motion for permanent custody. R.C. 2151.414(A)(1) mandates the trial court 

schedule a hearing and provide notice upon the filing of a motion for permanent custody 

of a child by a public children services agency. 

{¶31} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), the trial court may grant permanent 

custody of a child to a movant if the court determines at the hearing, by clear and 

convincing evidence, that it is in the best interest of the child to grant permanent custody 

of the child to the agency that filed the motion for permanent custody and that any of the 

following apply: 

(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned, has not been in the temporary 

custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child 

placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-twomonth period, or has not been in the temporary custody of one or more 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 10 

public children services agencies or private child placing agencies for 

twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period if, as 

described in division (D)(1) of section 2151.413 of the Revised Code, the 

child was previously in the temporary custody of an equivalent agency in 

another state, and the child cannot be placed with either of the child's 

parents within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the child's 

parents. 

(b) The child is abandoned. 

(c) The child is orphaned, and there are no relatives of the child who are 

able to take permanent custody. 

(d) The child has been in the temporary custody of one or more public 

children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or 

more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period, or the child has 

been in the temporary custody of one or more public children services 

agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a 

consecutive twenty-two-month period and, as described in division (D)(1) of 

section 2151.413 of the Revised Code, the child was previously in the 

temporary custody of an equivalent agency in another state. 

(e) The child or another child in the custody of the parent or parents from 

whose custody the child has been removed has been adjudicated an 

abused, neglected, or dependent child on three separate occasions by any 

court in this state or another state. * * * *. 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 11 

{¶32} If the child is not abandoned or orphaned, the focus turns to whether the 

child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable period of time or should not 

be placed with the parents. Under R.C. 2151.414(E), the trial court must consider all 

relevant evidence before making this determination. The trial court is required to enter 

such a finding if it determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that one or more of the 

factors enumerated in R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) through (16) exist with respect to each of the 

child's parents. 

{¶33} R.C. 2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the trial court must 

apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice, a trial court will usually 

determine whether one of the four circumstances delineated in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) 

through (e) is present before proceeding to a determination regarding the best interest of 

the child. Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(D)(1), in determining the best interest of a child in a 

permanent custody proceeding, the court shall consider all relevant factors. 

12 Out of 22 Months 

{¶34} In the Magistrate’s Decision, the Magistrate notes that A.G. was placed in 

the temporary custody of LCJFS on December 31, 2018, “some 13 months before this 

hearing.” (Magistrate’s Decision, Apr. 16, 2020). R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) allows the 

juvenile court to grant permanent custody when the child has been in the temporary 

custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child placing agencies 

for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period. When calculating 

this time period, however, “the time that passes between the filing of a motion for 

permanent custody and the permanent-custody hearing does not count toward the 12-
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 12 

month period set forth in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d).” In re Dylan B., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2007-

CA-00362, 2008-Ohio-2283, 2008 WL 2025086, ¶ 24.

{¶35} In the case sub judice, the children were removed from the home on 

October 3, 2018. They were adjudicated dependent and placed in the temporary custody 

of LCJFS on December 31, 2018. LCJFS filed its motion for permanent custody on August 

29, 2019. December 31, 2018 to August 29, 2019 was a period of seven months and 20 

days. When LCJFS filed its motion for permanent custody, A.G. had not been in the 

temporary custody of LCJFS for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-twomonth period. At the time of the hearing, A.G. had been in the temporary custody of 

LCJFS for 12 months and 14 days. The trial court’s mention of R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) as 

one of the reasons to grant permanent custody of A.G. to LCJFS is not decisive of the 

ultimate issue of custody. “If a ground other than R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) exists to support 

a grant of permanent custody, the agency may move for permanent custody on that other 

ground.” In re Dylan B., 5th Dist. Stark No. 2007-CA-00362, 2008-Ohio-2283, 2008 WL 

2025086, ¶ 26 citing In re: C. W.,104 Ohio St.3d 167, 2004-Ohio-6411 at ¶ 27, 818 N.E.2d 

at 1180. LCJFS moved for permanent custody of A.G. on other grounds and the juvenile 

court found those were demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence. 

Reasonable Efforts 

{¶36} Mother contends the juvenile court erred when it found that A.G. could not 

be placed with Mother within a reasonable time. The juvenile court relied upon R.C. 

2151.414(E)(1) and (4) in making its decision. The relevant statutory provisions state: 

(E) In determining at a hearing held pursuant to division (A) of this section 

or for the purposes of division (A)(4) of section 2151.353 of the Revised 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 13 

Code whether a child cannot be placed with either parent within a 

reasonable period of time or should not be placed with the parents, the court 

shall consider all relevant evidence. If the court determines, by clear and 

convincing evidence, at a hearing held pursuant to division (A) of this 

section or for the purposes of division (A)(4) of section 2151.353 of the 

Revised Code that one or more of the following exist as to each of the child's 

parents, the court shall enter a finding that the child cannot be placed with 

either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with either 

parent: 

(1) Following the placement of the child outside the child's home and 

notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the agency 

to assist the parents to remedy the problems that initially caused the child 

to be placed outside the home, the parent has failed continuously and 

repeatedly to substantially remedy the conditions causing the child to be 

placed outside the child's home. In determining whether the parents have 

substantially remedied those conditions, the court shall consider parental 

utilization of medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other social and 

rehabilitative services and material resources that were made available to 

the parents for the purpose of changing parental conduct to allow them to 

resume and maintain parental duties. 

* * * 

(4) The parent has demonstrated a lack of commitment toward the child by 

failing to regularly support, visit, or communicate with the child when able 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 14 

to do so, or by other actions showing an unwillingness to provide an 

adequate permanent home for the child; 

{¶37} Mother argues by evidence of the completion of her case planning 

objectives, she did not fail continuously and repeatedly to substantially remedy the 

conditions that caused the child to be placed outside the child's home. Mother also 

contends LCJFS did not engage in reasonable case planning nor did it make diligent 

efforts in this case because it unambiguously refused to facilitate visitation between 

Mother and the children. Mother states that when the children stated they did not want to 

visit with Mother, LCJFS made no further attempts promote Mother’s relationship with her 

children. 

{¶38} The juvenile court described Mother’s efforts during the pendency of the 

case as having “mixed results.” (Magistrate’s Decision, Apr. 16, 2020). We agree with the 

juvenile court’s characterization of Mother’s efforts. The juvenile court found that Mother 

failed to remedy the problems that initially caused the children to be placed outside of the 

home and demonstrated a lack of commitment toward the child by failing to regularly 

support, visit, or communicate with the child when able to do so, or by other actions 

showing an unwillingness to provide an adequate permanent home for the child. Mother 

contends the completion of her case plan objectives is evidence that she remedied the 

problems and has a willingness to provide an adequate home for the children. Mother 

had a significant substance abuse issue, which she did not address for the first six months 

of the case. She started treatment in June 2019 and had maintained her sobriety at the 

time of the hearing. She did report using marijuana to celebrate her birthday. Mother had 

inconsistent housing. Her longest period with stable housing was with J.G. through the 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 15 

fall of 2019. She obtained a voucher for housing and independently moved into an 

apartment one week before the hearing. Mother completed parenting classes. Mother had 

no income, but she was applying for jobs and Social Security disability income. She did 

some house cleaning. 

{¶39} The record in this case shows Mother exhibited a lack of commitment 

towards her children by failing to regularly support, visit, or communicate with them when 

she was able to do so. We will further discuss this argument in the best interest analysis, 

but Mother contends it was not her lack of commitment but the failure of LCJFS to facilitate 

the relationship between her and the children; therefore, there was no reasonable case 

planning and diligent efforts by the agency to assist Mother. It is an undisputed fact that 

Mother disappeared from the lives of her children from October 2018 to July 2019 to 

pursue her drug addiction. During the time their Mother was gone, her teenaged children 

moved forward with their lives in new homes. Mother entered substance abuse treatment 

in June 2019. In July 2019, Mother reengaged with Gladstone and wanted to reconnect 

with her children. At that time, S.B. was 16 years old and A.G. was 14 years old. S.B. had 

been in the same foster home and was working towards independent living, as he was 

only two years away from being a legal adult. A.G. had been in four foster placements, 

the last being a foster-to-adopt home where the family was interested in pursuing 

adoption. Gladstone asked the children if they would meet with Mother and they refused. 

The GAL reported the children would not meet with Mother. The children’s case manager 

recommended that the children not meet with Mother. Mother did not file a contempt 

motion against LCJFS for lack of visitation. 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 16 

{¶40} As the juvenile court noted, counseling between Mother and children would 

be a good idea but was not feasible. The children were not willing to work on the 

relationship and based on the status of the case and the age of the children, a single 

extension of temporary custody might not be enough time to repair the relationship to 

allow reunification. 

{¶41} LCJFS gave Mother visitation with the children and Mother attended only 

one visit before disappearing until July 2019. The children’s refusal to meet with Mother 

when she chose to return was the consequence of Mother’s disappearance from her 

children’s lives. We cannot say in this case that LCJFS did not use diligent efforts to 

facilitate a relationship between Mother and her teenaged children. 

Best Interests 

{¶42} The next step in the analysis is whether LCJFS showed by clear and 

convincing evidence that a grant of permanent custody was in the best interest of the 

children. R.C. 2151.414(D) requires the trial court to consider all relevant factors in 

determining whether the child's best interests would be served by granting the permanent 

custody motion. Those factors include: 

(a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's parents, 

siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home providers, and any 

other person who may significantly affect the child; 

(b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or through the 

child's guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the child; 

(c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has been 

in the temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 17 

or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive 

twenty-two-month period, or the child has been in the temporary custody of 

one or more public children services agencies or private child placing 

agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month 

period and, as described in division (D)(1) of section 2151.413 of the 

Revised Code, the child was previously in the temporary custody of an 

equivalent agency in another state; 

(d) The child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether 

that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent 

custody to the agency; 

(e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this section apply 

in relation to the parents and child. 

{¶43} Mother’s successful completion of a case plan is not dispositive on the issue 

of reunification. In re B.P., 5th Dist. Licking No. 2000 CA 00031, 2020-Ohio-3734, 2020 

WL 4013125, ¶ 32 citing In re W.A.J., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99813, 2014-Ohio-604. 

While it may be in Mother's best interest to complete the case plan, this is only one factor 

for a trial court to consider what is in the best interest of the child. In re A.H., 5th Dist. 

Richland No. 18CA96, 2019-Ohio-1509, 2019 WL 1777306, ¶ 38. Where a parent has 

participated in his case plan and completed most or all of the plan requirements, a trial 

court may still properly determine that such parent has not substantially remedied the 

problems leading to agency involvement. In re A.H., 5th Dist. Richland No. 18CA96, 2019-

Ohio-1509, 2019 WL 1777306, ¶ 39 citing In the Matter of A.L. and J.L., 5th Dist. 

Guernsey No. 11 CA 23, 2012-Ohio-481. 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 18 

{¶44} The wishes of the children were expressed through the children’s 

statements to the GAL. The GAL report filed on January 3, 2020 stated the children both 

expressed that they did not want to visit or live with Mother. The GAL recommended it 

was in the best interests of A.G. to be placed in the permanent custody of LCJFS and 

S.B. placed in PPLA with LCJFS. 

{¶45} Mother contends the juvenile court could not make a determination as to 

the interaction and interrelationship with the child and parent because Mother had not 

been permitted to visit with the children since July 2019. In support of her argument, she 

cites this Court to In re C.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 25344, 2010-Ohio-4463. In that opinion,

the majority held the juvenile court’s award of permanent custody was against the weight 

of the evidence because the child had not visited with mother for 18 months. The case 

plan allowed for visitation but with parameters due to the mother’s history of abuse of the 

child. The mother did not follow the parameters and the agency would not permit 

visitation. The juvenile court granted permanent custody, but the Ninth District reversed, 

holding it could not say the agency made reasonable efforts toward reunification or that it 

was in the best interests of the child by granting permanent custody because there was 

no evidence of the interaction or interrelationship with the child and the mother. Id. at ¶ 

10. In dissent, Judge Carr noted that limitations or restrictions on visitations based on the 

well-being of the child were common in cases of children adjudicated dependent or 

neglected. Id. at ¶ 60. The agency did not deny the mother visitation. The mother failed 

to abide by the limitations put in place by the agency and therefore, visitation could not 

occur. Id. at ¶ 62-63. “The only person who foreclosed the opportunity for visitation 

between Mother and the child was Mother herself. It does not further the best interests of 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 19 

children to allow their parents to balk at the requirements designed to ensure the safety 

of their children during visitation and then cry procedural foul when their parental rights 

have been terminated.” In re C.S., 9th Dist. Summit No. 25344, 2010-Ohio-4463, 2010 

WL 3683392, ¶ 63 (Carr, dissenting). 

{¶46} The facts of In re C.S. are different from those in the present case. In our 

case, it was the children who refused visitation with Mother and LCJFS supported the 

children’s choice based on their well-being. The reason for refusing visitation, however, 

was similar to that in In re C.S. LCJFS did not deny Mother visitation at the inception of 

the case. Mother foreclosed the opportunity for visitation with her children when she 

attended one visit with the children and disappeared from the children’s lives. 

{¶47} Based on the evidence in the record, we find the juvenile court’s award of 

permanent custody of A.G. to LCJFS was not against the manifest weight of the evidence. 

LCJFS presented evidence to allow the juvenile court to find, by clear and convincing 

evidence that the award of permanent custody was in the best interest of A.G. A.G. is a 

teenager who expressed a desire to remain with her foster-to-adopt family and achieve 

permanence and stability. We affirm. 

S.B. and PPLA 

{¶48} Mother next argues that LCJFS failed to meet its burden by clear and 

convincing evidence that S.B. should be placed in a PPLA with LCJFS. We disagree. 

{¶49} A planned permanent living arrangement, or PPLA, is defined as a juvenile 

court order that: (1) gives a public children services agency legal custody of a child without 

terminating parental rights; and (2) also lets the agency “make an appropriate placement 

of the child and to enter into a written agreement with a foster care provider or with another 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 20 

person or agency with whom the child is placed.” R.C. 2151.011(A)(38). Both R.C. 

2151.353 and R.C. 2151.415 contain provisions that allow PPLAs to be granted in juvenile 

cases. 

{¶50} In this case, LCJFS filed a Motion to Modify Disposition pursuant to R.C. 

2151.415(A)(5) and (C)(1)(c), requesting an order for placing S.B. in a PPLA with LCJFS. 

R.C. 2151.415(A) states: 

(A) * * * [A] public children services agency * * * that has been given 

temporary custody of a child pursuant to section 2151.353 of the Revised 

Code, * * * shall file a motion with the court that issued the order of 

disposition requesting that any of the following orders of disposition of the 

child be issued by the court: 

* * * 

(5) An order that the child be placed in a planned permanent living 

arrangement; 

* * * 

{¶51} If a PPLA is requested, R.C. 2151.415(C)(1) outlines the following 

evidentiary standard for which the juvenile court to determine if a PPLA is appropriate: 

(C)(1) If an agency pursuant to division (A) of this section requests the court 

to place a child into a planned permanent living arrangement, the agency 

shall present evidence to indicate why a planned permanent living 

arrangement is appropriate for the child, including, but not limited to, 

evidence that the agency has tried or considered all other possible 

dispositions for the child. A court shall not place a child in a planned 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 21 

permanent living arrangement, unless it finds, by clear and convincing 

evidence, that a planned permanent living arrangement is in the best 

interest of the child, that the child is sixteen years of age or older, and that 

one of the following exists: 

(a) The child, because of physical, mental, or psychological problems or 

needs, is unable to function in a family-like setting and must remain in 

residential or institutional care. 

(b) The parents of the child have significant physical, mental, or 

psychological problems and are unable to care for the child because of 

those problems, adoption is not in the best interest of the child, as 

determined in accordance with division (D)(1) of section 2151.414 of the 

Revised Code, and the child retains a significant and positive relationship 

with a parent or relative; 

(c) The child has been counseled on the permanent placement options 

available, is unwilling to accept or unable to adapt to a permanent 

placement, and is in an agency program preparing for independent living. 

{¶52} If a PPLA is granted, R.C. 2151.415(C)(2) requires the following: 

If the court issues an order placing a child in a planned permanent living 

arrangement, both of the following apply: 

(a) The court shall issue a finding of fact setting forth the reasons for its 

finding; 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 22 

(b) The agency may make any appropriate placement for the child and shall 

develop a case plan for the child that is designed to assist the child in finding 

a permanent home outside of the home of the parents. 

{¶53} There is no dispute that at the time of the hearing, S.B. was 16 years old. 

As of the date of this opinion, S.B. is now 17.5 years old. 

{¶54} At the hearing, LCJFS presented evidence that S.B. has been counseled 

on the permanent placement options available, was unwilling to accept or unable to adapt 

to a permanent placement, and was in an agency program preparing for independent 

living. Gladstone and the GAL reported that S.B. was counseled on his permanent 

placement options and he was consistent with his desire to stay in his foster home without 

adoption. He did not want to visit or live with Mother or his father. The case plan filed on 

October 30, 2018 stated that S.B. would be provided an independent living social worker 

who would work with him on independent living skills. The amended case plans included 

training in independent living skills for S.B. 

{¶55} Based on our analysis of best interest for A.G., we likewise find the evidence 

presented by LCJFS supports the juvenile court’s determination it was in the best interest 

of S.B. to be placed in a PPLA with LCJFS. 

{¶56} We find pursuant to R.C. 2151.415(C)(1) and (C)(2), there was clear and 

convincing evidence to support the juvenile court’s determination that S.B. be placed in a 

PPLA with LCJFS. 

 
Licking County, Case No. 2020 CA 00045 23 

CONCLUSION 

{¶57} Based on the foregoing, we overrule Mother’s two Assignments of Error. 

{¶58} The judgment of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile 

Division is affirmed. 

By: Delaney, J., 

Wise, John, P.J. and 

Wise, Earle, J., concur.