Joe Hagerman, DOE Representative Analysis by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 8/18/2014 

# Manufactured Housing Working Group Preliminary Energy Analysis in Support of the Manufactured Housing Rule August 21

- 22, 20142 

# Description of the Analysis

• Two prototype manufactured housing models:

– Singlewide (14’x66’)

– Doublewide (28’x56’)

• Four commonly used heating fuels/systems:

– E lectric resistance (SE=1)

– E lectric heat pump (HSPF=7.7)

– N atural gas furnace (AFUE = 0.78)

– LPG furnace (AFUE = 0.78)

– Cooling Equipment (SEER = 13.0) Singlewide (14’x66’)

Doublewide (28’x56’)3 

# Description of the Analysis (cont’d)

• 15 locations representing 15 climate

- zones defined by the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). Same 15 locations mapped to the three HUD zones for HUD code analysis

• Five Code scenarios: HUD Code, and the 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015 editions of the IECC

• A full set of 600 EnergyPlus building energy models were used.

– Used B uilding America schedules and loading

– Modeled results at 1

- hr increments for an entire year!4 

### • The purpose of this PNNL analysis is to estimate the energy use and operating expenses.

• For this purpose, PNNKL identified building parameters at the component level, such as...

– Insulation for walls, ceilings, floors

– Window U

- factor and SHGC

– Envelope leakage (infiltration) and duct leakage

– Lighting

– Hot water pipe insulation etc. 

# Analysis Assumptions5 

### • The current HUD Code only prescribes overall U

- factors ( Uo ).

– The overall U

- factors ( Uo ) prescribed by HUD Code have to be translated to building component insulation values for energy use analysis purposes

– A spreadsheet (“PNNL MH Uo Calculation Spreadsheet “) has been provided to go between building components and overall U

- factors ( Uo ) for HUD Code



### • For all IECC codes analyzed, IECC provides requirements at the building component level 

# Analysis Assumptions (Cont’d)6 

# Analysis Outcomes

• PNNL provided two spreadsheets to the WG:

– PNNL MH Analysis and Results Spreadsheet that contains all the results from the analysis along with a detailed documentation of assumptions used in the analysis

– PNNL MH Uo Calculation Spreadsheet that documents the conversion of building component R

- values to a whole

building overall U

- factor ( Uo ) for each code scenario considered in the analysis



## • PNNL is prepared to support more analysis and simulation runs requested by the WG.7 

# Interpreting Results

• The results are structured in the PNNL Analysis spreadsheet:

– The first tab, Input, documents all assumptions used in the analysis

– Results are presented on the other four tabs of the analysis spreadsheet

– The tabs Singlewide_EUI , and Doublewide_EUI show Annual Energy Use Intensities (EUI) in kBtu /ft 2

- yr for the Singlewide and the Doublewide house configurations respectively

– EUIs are reported separately for heating, cooling, domestic hot water and lighting end

- uses for each code scenario analyzed and for each climate

- zone



### • Similarly, tabs Singlewide_Cost , and Doublewide_Cost show corresponding annual energy costs ($/ yr ) by end

- use for each climate

- zone and for each code scenario analyzed8 

# Interpreting Results (cont’d )

• EUIs and annual energy costs (operating costs to consumers) are presented for each of the four heating systems separately in tables A through D on each EUI and Cost tabs

– Fuel prices for electricity, natural gas and LPG are national average prices derived from EIA



### • Aggregated results calculated using heating system shares are shown in table E on each EUI and Cost tabs

• The Working Group members should interpret the results on their own

– But do not hesitate to ask DOE for more explanation, assumptions or other information about the results.9 

### • QUESTIONS?Matthew Walker Navigant Consulting, Inc. Supporting the WG 

# Manufactured Housing Working Group Life

- Cycle Cost Analysis Overview August 21

- 22, 201411 

## Life
- Cycle Cost (LCC) Analysis Overview

• LCC represents the full cost of ownership for one consumer

• Current analysis focuses on incremental first cost and incremental operating expenses

LCC Results Operating Expenses Convert to Present

Value HUD CodeLCC ($)

Efficiency (Decreasing U o ) LCC STATUS: Structure and calculations of the model are in place. Inputs on cost data and other assumptions are needed! First Cost (Housing Purchase)12 

## Financial Parameters

Parameter Description Discount Rate Time value of money; Alternative investment rate Analysis Period Duration of analyzed operating expenses Mortgage Interest Includes real estate and personal property (chattel) Loan Term Period over which the loan is repaid Down Payment Percentage of purchase price paid upfront Loan Fees and Points Fees paid upfront in addition to down payment Property and Sales Tax Rate Taxes paid based on value and price of home
Fuel Prices and Escalation Rate Price of electricity, gas, etc. and expected annual increases 

### Financial parameters impact the calculation of the tradeoffs among first costs and different operating expenses.

The WG needs to agree on the Financial Parameters to aid the LCC.13 

## First Costs First costs are associated with the housing purchase.

• The housing purchase includes down payment, mortgage, taxes, fees

• All Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) analyzed are assigned costs

– LCC requires end

- user (retail) prices (Manufacturer costs can be adjusted with a markup)



### • EEM requirements may allow for smaller (less expensive) heating and cooling equipment

• EEM requirements may change installation cost (e.g., delivery)Example Insulation Cost R

- 11 Cost R

- 19 Cost R

- 21 Cost The WG needs to collect EEM, installation, and modified heating/cooling costs to aid in determining the First Costs.14 

## Operating Expenses Operating expenses are calculated on an annual basis and discounted to their value in the present year.

• Annual energy cost

– Calculated with EnergyPlus results and EIA fuel cost data


### • Maintenance related to usage of different EEMs

The WG needs to collect maintenance costs (if applicable) to aid in determining the Operating Expenses.15 

## Other Assumptions Both the individual and aggregate impact on different consumer categories can be analyzed.

• Percentage of heating/cooling equipment types within a climate zone

– Natural Gas, propane (LPG), heat pump, electric resistance


### • Percentage of consumers using real estate vs. personal property loans

• Percentage of consumers buying single

- vs. double

- section homes

The WG needs to collect and agree upon other important data for the LCC.16 

### • QUESTIONS?