AF&PA Environmental, Health & Safety Verification Program

BIENNIAL REPORT 2008

Improving Tomorrow's Environment Today®

Commitment to Continuous Improvement

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 2

AF&PA Environmental, Health & Safety Verification Program 5

Forestry and Recycling 7

Climate Change 10

Energy Leadership 14

Environmental Performance 17

Safety Performance 21

Communication and Outreach 24

Commitment to the Future 26

1
Executive Summary

The American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) proudly reports

the results of its 2006 Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS)

Verification Program survey. The results of the survey, which is

conducted every two years, demonstrate AF&PA member

commitment to continuous environmental improvement, reduction

in energy use, and leadership in health and safety performance.

Information was collected from about 475 member facilities.

That data, as well as information on the industry’s commitment to

sustainable forestry and recycling, is presented in this biennial

report. The next report in this series will be issued in 2010 and

report survey results from calendar year 2008.

2
Adhering to EHS Principles

AF&PA members, as a condition of membership, adhere to

the AF&PA Environmental, Health & Safety Principles and

commit to protecting the environment and the health

and safety of their employees and communities. To

achieve these standards, members develop operating

policies and practices, perform audits, conduct training,

and recognize employee actions to promote the

principles.

Promoting Sustainable Forestry and Recycling

The forest products industry produces essential products

from renewable and recyclable resources. To ensure the

future of these resources, the industry practices and

promotes sustainable forestry and sets significant

recycling goals.

• Participation in a recognized certification program,

such as the Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI), is a

condition of membership in AF&PA for companies that

own forestland or source fiber directly from the forest.

Eighty percent of AF&PA members participate in the

SFI® program, which now has 219 participants. Over

150 million acres are now certified compliant with the

SFI standard by independent third parties.

• In 2007, a record 56 percent of paper consumed in the

U.S. was recovered for recycling, achieving a significant

industry goal five years ahead of schedule. In response,

the industry set an aggressive new goal of 60 percent

recovery by 2012.

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions

AF&PA members collectively pledged to reduce their

greenhouse gas emissions intensity (or tons of carbon

dioxide per ton of production) by 12 percent by 2012

when compared to baseline emissions from 2000. To

date, AF&PA members are achieving this goal.

• On an intensity basis, member companies reduced

combined direct emissions and indirect emissions from

purchased electricity by 13.6 percent.

• On an absolute basis (or total metric tons released),

combined direct and indirect emissions decreased 24.6

percent. Approximately half of this reduction can be

attributed to efficiency improvements and reduced

fossil fuel use. The other half can be attributed to

decreases in production and changes to the baseline

from the year 2000.

Increasing Use of Renewable Energy and Cogeneration

The forest products industry far exceeds all other

industries in the use of renewable biomass energy and is

a leader in cogenerating electricity.

• Fossil fuel and purchased energy use per ton of

product decreased by 9.2 percent at member pulp and

paper mills between 2004 and 2006. Fossil fuel and

purchased energy use per ton decreased by 56 percent

between 1972 and 2006.

• Renewable energy provided 64 percent of pulp and

paper mill and 74 percent of wood product facility

energy needs at member companies in 2006.

• The forest products industry produced 82 percent of

the total biomass energy generated by all industrial

sectors in 2005.

• Cogenerated electricity accounted for 98 percent of

the electricity generated at pulp and paper mills and

96 percent of the electricity generated at wood

products facilities according to Department of Energy

reports for 2005.

3
Improving Environmental Performance 

Air emissions, water discharges, the generation of process

residuals and chlorine compound releases were again

reduced at member facilities between 2004 and 2006.

• Sulfur dioxide air emissions decreased by 10.6 percent,

nitrogen oxide by 8.9 percent, and total reduced sulfur

(TRS) compounds by 14.4 percent at pulp and paper

mills.

• Wastewater discharge volumes decreased 3.7 percent,

total suspended solids (TSS) 3.5 percent, and

biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 2.2 percent at pulp

and paper mills.

• At wood products facilities, 98 percent of process

residuals are converted to useful products, energy, or

soil amendments. Pulp and paper mill residuals

generation was reduced by eight percent between

2004 and 2006.

• Chlorine compound releases have been virtually

eliminated at pulp and paper mills. Adsorbable

organic halide (AOX) releases have been reduced

by 94.6 percent, chloroform releases 98.5 percent,

chlorine dioxide 96.6 percent, and chlorine 99.3

percent since 1988.

Continuing Safety Performance

AF&PA member health and safety programs are focused

on continuous improvement and have made significant

progress between 2004 and 2006.

• Injury and illness rates at pulp and paper mills

decreased by 8.3 percent.

• Injury and illness rates at wood products facilities

decreased by 27 percent.

Making a Commitment to the Future

AF&PA members are committed to continued

improvement in environmental performance, reduced

energy use and resource conservation. To achieve these

goals, AF&PA members form partnerships with academic

and government technology alliances, participate in

industry research collaborations, support research

through colleges and universities, and conduct R&D

programs within individual companies.

The detailed results of the 2006 forest products industry

EHS performance review confirm this ongoing

commitment to continuous environmental, health, and

safety improvements and demonstrate AF&PA member

stewardship of renewable and recyclable resources.

More information is available on the AF&PA website at

www.afandpa.org and those of the industry and

organizational partners listed at the end of this report.

4
BIENNIAL REPORT 2008

Improving Tomorrow's Environment Today®

AF&PA Environmental,

Health & Safety Verification Program

The American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) is the

national trade association of the forest, pulp, paper,

paperboard, and wood products industry. Member

companies are engaged in growing, harvesting, and

processing wood and wood fiber; manufacturing pulp,

paper, and paperboard products from both virgin and

recycled fiber; and producing engineered and traditional

wood products. AF&PA members manufacture more than

80 percent of the paper and approximately half of the

wood and forest products produced in the United States.

5
AF&PA Mandatory EHS Principles

As a condition of membership, the companies of AF&PA

are required to adhere to the program's Environmental,

Health & Safety (EHS) Principles. These eight self-imposed

principles demonstrate the industry's strong commitment

to protecting the environment, as well as the health and

safety of employees and their communities.

The EHS Principles require members:

1. To make environmental, health, and safety

considerations priorities in operating existing facilities,

as well as in the planning of new operations.

2. To recognize, in developing and designing products to

meet customer needs, the environmental, health, and

safety effects of product manufacture, distribution,

use, and disposal.

3. To monitor their environmental, health, and safety

performance and to report regularly on these matters

to their Boards of Directors, as well as to confirm their

adherence to these principles annually to the

American Forest & Paper Association.

4. To train employees in their environmental, health, and

safety responsibilities and to promote awareness and

accountability on these matters.

5. To improve environmental, health, and safety

performance through support of research and

development that advances the frontiers of

knowledge.

6. To communicate with employees, customers, suppliers,

the community, public officials, and shareholders to

build greater understanding on environmental, health,

and safety matters.

7. To participate constructively in the development of

public policies on environmental, health, and safety

matters.

8. To continue to pursue energy conservation, increased

energy efficiency, greater utilization of alternatives to

fossil fuels, and opportunities for cogeneration of

electricity.

This report, based on the results of the 2006 EHS

performance review, demonstrates the commitment of

AF&PA members to the mandatory Environmental, Health

& Safety Principles.

Management Policies and Environmental Review Procedures

AF&PA member companies adhere to the EHS Principles

through their practices, policies, and internal procedures.

• In 2006, all AF&PA forest product manufacturers again

demonstrated adherence to the mandatory EHS

principles.

• Ninety-five percent of AF&PA members report on EHS

matters to their corporate Board of Directors or Boardappointed EHS committee.

• Member companies also make environmental

considerations a business priority by:

• training employees in pollution prevention;

• screening capital project proposals and new

product development plans for potential impacts

on the environment; and 

• making environmental and safety information

available to employees, local communities, and the

general public via websites and other means.

EHS Audits

AF&PA member manufacturing facilities confirm EHS

compliance through audits of environmental, health, and

safety programs. Audit frequency varies between

companies. Some audit annually, others audit on

alternative years. In 2006, 70 percent of AF&PA members

reported having conducted health and safety audits and

78 percent performed environmental audits.

Employee Training, Feedback, and Recognition

AF&PA member training programs instruct employees on

environment, health, and safety principles and

procedures. Members also solicit feedback from

employees to foster continuous improvement in EHS

performance. Companies recognize employees for EHS

performance excellence. In 2006:

• ninety percent of members reported conducting safety

training;

• eighty-two percent conducted environmental

protection training;

• seventy-three percent collected confidential feedback

from employees that can be used to update or

improve environmental program performance; while

• sixty-five percent of members provided employee

recognition events to reward those who excel in

environmental and safety program participation.

6
Forestry and Recycling

The forest products industry plays a vital role in

everyday life. Houses, the furniture in homes and offices,

cereal boxes, newspapers, and writing paper have one

thing in common. They are all forest products.

The forest products industry produces these essential

products from renewable and recyclable resources.

To ensure the future of these resources, the forest

products industry has implemented programs of

responsible stewardship that meet the goals of

sustainable development and provide recyclable

products for the global economy.

7
Sustainable Forestry

The Sustainable Forestry Initiative® (SFI) program is the

most widely-used sustainable forest management

standard and certification system in the U.S., and one of

the largest in the world. The program was initiated on

October 14, 1994, when members of AF&PA agreed to

adhere to a set of forestry principles designed to meet

present needs without compromising the future of

forests and forest products. The SFI Standard is based on

principles and measures that promote responsible

environmental behavior and sound forest management

including measures to protect water quality, biodiversity,

wildlife habitat, species at risk and forests of exceptional

conservation value.

The SFI® program is now directed by an independent,

non-profit organization, the Sustainable Forestry

Initiative, Inc. SFI, Inc. is governed by an independent,

multi-stakeholder Board of Directors comprised of 18

members. The Board has equal representation from

environmental, economic, and social sectors.

The SFI Standard is endorsed by the international

Program for the Endorsement of Forest Certification

(PEFC). Participation in a PEFC-endorsed North American

certification program is a condition of membership in

AF&PA, for companies that own forestland or source fiber

directly from the forest. Eighty percent of AF&PA

members participate in the SFI program.

SFI participants practice responsible forestry on all the

lands they manage. The SFI program is unique in that it

also requires all participants, including those who do not

own land, to enhance sustainable forestry practices

through educational programs for forest landowners, and

through the training of loggers and foresters in best

management practices. Because of these activities, SFI

Inc. has made significant progress:

• The program has 228 participants as of 2008.

• Over 150 million acres are certified compliant with the

SFI Standard by independent third parties as of 2008.

• The SFI Standard has broadened sustainable forestry

practices on all forestlands by requiring manufacturers

to support logger training and landowner education..

• In 2006, over 7,000 loggers completed training,

bringing the total to over 100,000 since 1995.

Additionally, SFI-trained loggers provided 96 percent of

raw material used by SFI program participants.

• The SFI program promotes prompt reforestation to

ensure long-term productivity. In 2006, SFI program

participants reforested 1.2 million acres of timberland

through planting or natural regeneration.

• Moreover, SFI program participants strive for continual

improvement in standards and practices. Since 1995,

more than $885 million have been invested in

sustainable forestry research by SFI program

participants.

The SFI® program is an internationally endorsed forest

certification program that is positively influencing the

markets for certified forest products while improving

forest practices across North America and promoting

responsible procurement globally through the SFI

Standard. Today, these achievements of the program are

a source of considerable pride to participating

companies, public agencies, and environmental

organizations.

One company has protected nearly 1.5 million acres of unique and

environmentally important habitat on its U.S. forestlands through

conservation agreements and land sales to environmental groups. The

company has forged partnerships with environmental, academic, and

governmental organizations and reached an historic agreement in 2006

to protect 218,000 acres of forestlands across 10 states in the single

largest private land conservation sale in the history of the South — and

one of the largest in the nation.

8
Recycling

In 2007, the industry goal to recover 55 percent of paper

consumed in the U.S. was achieved five years ahead of

schedule when recovery reached an all-time high of 56

percent. The 54.3 million tons of paper recovered add up

to more than 360 pounds for every man, woman, and

child in America.

In response to meeting this goal, the industry set an

aggressive new goal of 60 percent recovery by 2012.

Each percentage point gain means that approximately

one million additional tons of paper have been recovered

— enough to fill more than 14,000 railroad cars.

To raise visibility for recycling and increase paper

recovery, AF&PA has developed partnership programs

with a variety of organizations.

• AF&PA maintains a partnership with Scholastic, Inc., a

children's publishing, education, and media company.

The program provides materials on paper recycling to

more than 120,000 third through sixth grade

educators, reaching more than 3.6 million students,

teachers, and families.

• Keep America Beautiful has a mission to engage

individuals to take greater responsibility for improving

their community. As an AF&PA partner, this

organization has helped launch a recycling education

program for schools in targeted states.

• The U.S. EPA's Office of Solid Waste remains committed

to helping increase paper recovery and supports the

AF&PA recycling goals and actions.

Industry leadership and the dedication of millions of Americans who

recover paper for recycling at home, work, and school every day

contributed to a record-high 56 percent paper recovery in 2007. Getting

to the new 60 percent recovery goal set for 2012 will require innovative

programs and efforts such as those recognized by the AF&PA Recycling

Awards featured at http://www.paperrecycles.org. The awards, which

highlight outstanding school, college and university, business, and

community programs, are an example of industry outreach and

education efforts.

AF&PA has created recycling guides and other materials

to demonstrate how to establish or improve existing

recycling programs in the workplace, communities, and

schools. The guides, along with fact sheets, background

information, and interactive features, are available online

at http://www.paperrecycles.org.

9
Climate Change

Trees, wood, and paper products are

renewable and recyclable resources

that store carbon. The world's forests —

and the wood and paper products that

come from them — can be managed to

address the challenges of global climate

change while meeting the needs of the

global economy.

10
The forest products industry has a multi-faceted

greenhouse gas profile, consisting of:

• emissions from fossil fuel use;

• removal of greenhouse gases (GHG) through

sequestration in forests and carbon storage in

products; and

• reductions in greenhouse gases by recovery and

recycling of paper.

By managing direct and indirect emissions of carbon

dioxide from manufacturing, sequestering carbon in

forests through sustainable management, producing

durable products, relying on biomass derived energy, and

reducing methane emissions from landfills through paper

recovery,the forest products industry continues to

improve its carbon footprint.

The Carbon Cycle

The carbon cycle is a fundamental part of the forest

products industry. Trees remove greenhouse gases

(GHG) from the atmosphere during photosynthesis —

absorbing carbon dioxide from the air and releasing

oxygen as they grow.

The carbon stored in trees becomes sequestered in wood

and paper products. Harvested wood not made into

products is a renewable energy source. Such energy-rich

biomass results from tree growth that removes carbon

dioxide from the atmosphere and transforms it into

organic carbon. Over 60 percent of the industry's energy

is derived from biomass. The Intergovernmental Panel on

Climate Change (IPCC), the U.S. Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) and other climate experts concluded that

carbon dioxide emissions from biomass combustion are

part of the natural carbon cycle. These emissions are

considered carbon neutral and are not counted as

greenhouse gas emissions. The complete cycle — from

tree growth through harvest and product creation — is

shown on the following diagram.

11
Recognition of Forest Carbon Cycle

Both the IPCC and U.S. EPA have recognized the positive

effect that forests and forest products have on the world's

climate.

According to the IPCC, the climate benefits of sustainably

managed forests, coupled with timber production, can

make a significant contribution to reducing atmospheric

carbon. The IPCC's 2007 Fourth Assessment Report,

Mitigation,states,“In the long term, a sustainable forest

management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing

forest carbon stocks, while producing an annual sustained

yield of timber, fiber, or energy from the forest, will

generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit.”

U.S. EPA estimates that the amount of carbon stored in

forest products is equivalent to removing more than 100

million tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere every

year. This is the same as eliminating carbon dioxide

emissions from 18 million passenger cars or 13 percent of

all passenger cars on the road in the U.S.1

The carbon sequestered by forests and products in 2005

was enough to offset approximately 44 percent of U.S.

industrial carbon dioxide emissions. According to the

2007 U.S. national greenhouse gas inventory, which

reported emissions for 2005, the net sequestration of

carbon dioxide in forests and forest products was 698.7

million metric tons, while direct and indirect emissions

from all industry totaled 1575.2 metric tons.

Industry Commitment & Action

AF&PA members recognize climate change as an issue of

significant global concern. Collectively, they have joined

the U.S. Department of Energy's Climate VISION program

pledging to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.

Individual member companies are reducing their

greenhouse gas emissions by:

• conserving energy;

• using renewable biomass energy;

• developing new biomass-based sources of energy; and 

• increasing the use of recycled materials.

Success to Date

AF&PA members collectively pledged to reduce their

greenhouse gas emissions intensity2 by 12 percent

(compared to a year 2000 baseline) by 2012. The

following actions demonstrate the early success of AF&PA

members in meeting this pledge.

Reduction in emissions intensity

• From 2000 to 2006, AF&PA member companies

collectively reduced their direct greenhouse gas

emissions intensity 24 percent, from 0.513 to 0.389

tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents3 per ton of

production.

• However, indirect emissions intensity increased by 10

percent over this period. Indirect emissions are those

generated by suppliers of purchased electricity.

• Taking direct and indirect emissions intensity together,

emissions intensity decreased from 0.738 to 0.637 tons

of CO2 equivalents per ton of production — a decrease

of 13.6 percent.

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

1 http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/emissions/downloads06/07LULUCF.pdf page 7-11

2 Emissions intensity, commonly used to measure greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S., is defined as tons of carbon dioxide per ton of production.

3 A CO2 equivalent is a measure of all greenhouse gases calculated on the basis of an equivalent amount of CO2 or carbon dioxide.

12
Reduction of absolute emissions

• From 2000 to 2006, AF&PA member companies

collectively reduced their direct greenhouse gas

emissions 34 percent from 61.2 to 40.5 million metric

tons of CO2 equivalents.

• Indirect emissions attributable to AF&PA member

facilities have decreased four percent from 26.8 to 25.8

million metric tons of CO2 between 2000 and 2006.

• Combined direct and indirect absolute emissions

decreased 24.6 percent, falling from 88.0 million metric

tons of CO2 equivalents to 66.3 million metric tons.

Approximately half of this reduction can be attributed

to efficiency improvements and reduced fossil fuel use.

The other half can be attributed to decreases in

production and changes in the baseline from the year

2000.

Recycled paper use

In 2006, use of recycled paper by AF&PA members to

make new paper products resulted in 21.1 million metric

tons of CO2equivalents of avoided emissions. This is a

measure of methane emissions that would have been

released from decaying paper if it had been put in

landfills. If wastepaper is recycled and used to produce

new paper products, it does not decay in landfills. Instead,

the carbon that would become methane remains

sequestered in the paper product. Recycling also reduces

energy required for a number of paper products, and

recovering paper extends the fiber supply and

contributes to carbon sequestration.

Carbon in products

Carbon stored in products produced by AF&PA members

resulted in the sequestration of 23.8 million metric tons of

CO2 equivalents in 2006.

Calculating Emissions

Emission calculation tools

Early in the Climate VISION commitment period, AF&PA

and its international counterparts retained the National

Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) to

develop tools for calculating emissions from pulp and

paper mills and wood products facilities and determining

the amount of carbon stored in products.

These calculation tools recognize the industry's unique

attributes — such as the carbon neutrality of biomass

energy emissions — and enable the industry to collect

credible data that is comparable worldwide. The

methodologies are based on the Greenhouse Gas

Protocol created by the World Resources Institute (WRI)

and World Business Council for Sustainable Development

(WBCSD). In 2006, these tools were used by AF&PA

member companies representing 58 percent of U.S. pulp

and paper production.

Forest Biorefining Potential

The forest products industry is uniquely positioned to

further reduce greenhouse gas emissions through its

ability to produce “green” energy. New technologies are

being developed that will allow the industry to produce

large quantities of energy from renewable biomass.

A Princeton University study found that evolving the

nation's forestry and papermaking infrastructure into

biorefineries could reduce U.S. emissions by 100 million

tons of CO2 a year. These biorefineries would produce

new streams of biofuels, wood-derived chemicals, and

electric power. The forest products industry is currently

undertaking several large-scale projects that will develop

the conversion and refining technologies needed to make

biofuels a reality.

13
Energy Leadership

AF&PA members continued to reduce fossil fuel use in 2006. Sixty-four

percent of the total energy used by AF&PA member pulp and paper mills was

generated from renewable sources.4 At wood products facilities, seventy-four

percent of energy used was produced from biomass sources. The forest

products industry leads all other industries in the use of renewable energy

and utilization of industry-generated residue materials. Pulp and paper mills

also rely on cogeneration of energy for process heating, product drying, and

electric power, further enhancing energy efficiency.5

4 Renewable energy includes hydroelectricity generated on site by some AF&PA member mills.

The quantity of this energy supplied was 0.07 percent of the total in 2006.

5 Cogeneration occurs when waste heat from steam turbines used to produce electricity is used as 

process steam for heating tanks or other equipment and for drying paper.

14
Pulp and Paper Mills

Fossil fuel use continues to decrease 

• Between 2004 and 2006, fossil fuel use was reduced by

9.2 percent.

• In 1972, fossil fuels provided 19.2 million BTUs per ton

of paper produced. In 2006, the fossil fuel component

of the AF&PA member mill energy mix was just 8.5

million BTUs per ton, a decrease of 55.7 percent.

• AF&PA member mills also purchase electricity and

steam. Much of this energy is also generated from

fossil fuels. Between 1972 and 2006 the use of both

fossil fuel and purchased energy has decreased by 56

percent.

Pulp and Paper Mill Energy and

Fossil Fuel Use Reductions

Increased energy efficiency

AF&PA members have steadily increased energy

efficiency and reduced the total energy needed to

produce a ton of paper.

• Overall, total energy use per ton of production at

member mills has decreased by 26.6 percent since

1972. The 2006 total energy intensity rate for member

mills was 23.6 million BTUs per ton of paper produced.

• There was little change in total energy intensity rates

between 2004 and 2006. The 2004 rate was 23.5

million BTUs per ton of paper produced. In 2006, the

rate was 23.6 million BTUs per ton.

Industry-Wide Renewable Fuel Use 

Compared with all other sectors, pulp and paper mills and

wood products production facilities far exceed all other

industries in their utilization of renewable biomass

energy. U.S. Department of Energy data show that pulp

and paper and wood products facilities produced 82

percent of the biomass-based energy generated by all

industrial sectors in 2005.6

Wood Derived Renewable Fuel Use –

U.S. DOE Data (2005)

Source: DOE Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906 and

Form-920

Pulp and paper mills

In 2006, biomass energy sources satisfied 64 percent of

the total energy demand in AF&PA member pulp and

paper mills. The two largest components of these energy

sources were spent pulping liquors (chemicals and

burnable substances dissolved from wood during the

pulping process) and logging or wood processing

byproducts, including bark and other wood-based

materials (hogged fuel). Forty-six percent of total energy

needs is supplied by spent pulping liquors; eighteen

percent is generated from wood residuals.

2006 Pulp and Paper Mill Energy Sources

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

6 http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/rea_data/table8.pdf 

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

15
Wood products facilities

Biomass materials are the predominant source of energy

at AF&PA member wood products manufacturing

facilities. In 2006, these wood scraps, bark, and other log

processing residuals provided 74 percent of the energy

needed to power these facilities.

2006 Wood Products Facility Energy Sources

Cogeneration

Cogeneration is the practice of using exhaust steam from

electrical generators for heat in manufacturing processes

or for space heating. The forest products industry is a

leader in the production and use of cogenerated

electricity. Paper mills and wood products facilities use

electricity to power equipment and steam to make

products. Additionally, steam is used to heat dryers used

on the papermaking machinery and to dry lumber at

wood products mills. U.S. Department of Energy data

from 2005, the most recent information available, show

that the paper industry is second only to the chemical

industry in the production of cogenerated electricity.

Energy Co-generation by Industry –

U.S. DOE Data (2005) 

Source: DOE Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, 920 and EIA-860

In 2005, 98 percent of electricity generated at paper mills

was cogenerated. Cogeneration by wood products

facilities was 96 per of total generated electricity. 7

A member has been implementing Energy Pinch Technology,

a method that determines the minimum amount of energy

required by a particular site and identifies where energy is

being wasted or used inefficiently. When opportunities to

save energy are found, capital and non-capital expenditure

solutions are identified. Solutions are tested in a site-wide

model to verify savings and to assure no negative

interactions. A study at one site last year identified projects

with the potential to reduce boiler steam consumption by

7.5 percent.

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

7 2005 energy cogeneration data supplied by DOE staff from EIA-906,

920 and EIA-860 survey forms.

16
Environmental Performance

Reductions in treated wastewater discharge,

air emissions, and process residuals

generation rates were reported for 2006.8

This achievement reflects the commitment of

AF&PA members to their EHS Principles

through continuous improvement.

8 The statistics presented in this section are production-normalized

rates computed by dividing a reported emission or discharge by a

responding mill's total production. Use of production-normalized

data makes trends clearer and removes variation caused by changes

in the amount of production and number of respondents.

17
Air Emissions Reductions

Pulp and paper mills

Since 1980, air emissions have been reduced through

the use of sophisticated process controls, installation of

new air pollution control equipment, and the use of low

sulfur fuels and biomass materials. Air emissions

reductions have occurred in all phases of the pulp and

papermaking process — pulping, bleaching, chemical

recovery/recycling, and power generation operations.

Between 2004 and 2006, member mills reduced per ton

of product emissions as follows:

• Sulfur dioxide (SO2) by 10.6 percent

• Nitrogen oxides (NOx) by 8.9 percent

• Total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds by 14.4 percent 

Pulp and Paper Air Emissions

Reductions in air emission rates between baseline year

1980 and 2006 were:

• SO2 by 71.9 percent

• NOx by 42.9 percent

• TRS by 83.9 percent

An AF&PA member received the Environmental Federation of

Oklahoma's 2006 Frank Condon Award for Environmental

Excellence. The facility receiving the award produces shipping

containers, such as boxes for shipping food to grocery stores.

The award was based on a project that reduced hazardous

air pollutants approximately 25 percent more than

conventional methods and also saved an estimated $9.5

million. Additionally, the project resulted in reduced pollution

sent to the company's waste treatment system.

Wood products facilities

AF&PA member wood products facility NOx emissions

were 13.1 pounds per thousand cubic feet (MCF) of

product in 2006. This number is essentially the same as

reported in 2004 (13.0 lbs./MCF). Since 1999, these

emissions have been reduced by 40 percent. Wood

products mills do not produce significant SO2 or any TRS

emissions.

Wood Products Facility NOx Emissions Reductions

Water Quality Protection

Pulp and paper mill discharges decreased between 2004

and 2006.

• Total suspended solids (TSS) decreased 3.5 percent -

3.58 lbs. per ton in 2006 compared with 3.71 lbs. per

ton in 2004.

• Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the amount of

organic contaminants present in the wastewater, was

2.2 percent lower - 2.66 lbs. per ton in 2006 compared

to 2.72 lbs. per ton in 2004.

Compared to the benchmark year of 1975:

• TSS discharges have been reduced by 80.1 percent;

and

• BOD discharges have been reduced by 87.3 percent.

Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater Discharge Reductions

Water Use Reductions

AF&PA member pulp and paper mills recycle and reuse

water many times throughout the papermaking

processes, greatly reducing the amount of water that

would otherwise be needed. Published data and process

engineering calculations indicate that at least 85 percent

of the total fresh water used in mills is treated and 

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returned to surface water sources. The EHS pulp and

paper mill data for treated wastewater discharges reflect

this increased efficiency of water usage.

• The volume of discharged water decreased by 3.7

percent and was 11,085 gallons per ton in 2006 versus

11,505 in 2004.

• Compared to the benchmark year of 1975, discharge

volumes have been reduced by 52.6 percent.

Residuals Management

AF&PA members strive to reduce, as much as possible, the

amount of residuals that must be disposed. For example,

woody debris, bark, and spent pulping liquor materials

are burned for energy recovery. The value of these

materials and the role they play in making AF&PA

member facilities energy self-sufficient have been

previously described in the Energy Leadership section of

this report. Other materials may be reused in beneficial

ways, reducing the amount of material that must be

landfilled. For example, wastewater treatment plant and

woodyard residuals, as well as boiler ash, can be used as

soil amendment agents.

Pulp and paper mill residuals

Pulp and paper mills reduced process residual generation

rates per pound of production by eight percent between

2004 and 2006. Since 1995, residual generation has

decreased by 20.7 percent.

Pulp and Paper Mill Residuals Generation

In 2006, pulp and paper mill residuals were used in the

following ways:

• as agricultural or silvicultural (forestland) soil

amendment agents — 15.4 percent;

• burned for biomass energy — 9.2 percent;

• beneficially used by other companies — 17.3 percent;

and 

• landfilled — 58.2 percent.

Pulp and Paper Mill Residuals Utilization

Wood products facility residuals

AF&PA wood products facilities reuse nearly all of the

residuals they generate. In 2006:

• Ninety-six percent of residual materials were reused in

other products, burned for energy recovery, or applied

to forest or agricultural land as soil amendments.

• Less than four percent of residuals from these facilities

were disposed of in landfills.

Wood Products Facility Residuals Utilization

An AF&PA member has joined with the National Park

Foundation and the National Recycling Coalition to evaluate

ways to limit the impact of food service products in America's

national parks. The study, funded in part by a donation of up

to $1 million by the company, will commence in the summer

of 2008 and is aimed at moving toward "Zero Waste" across

the park system by identifying best practices that can be

transferred to national parks throughout the country.

Chlorinated Compound Release Reductions

AF&PA member mills have virtually eliminated

chlorinated compound releases from paper-grade

bleached Kraft pulp mills. Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF)

bleaching processes and pulp mill air emissions control

systems have produced the following achievements:

19
• Adsorbable organic halide (AOX) releases have been

reduced by 94.6 percent since 1975. Between 2004

and 2006, AOX releases decreased by 1.8 percent.

• Chloroform releases, as reported to U.S. EPA via the

Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) program, have been

reduced by 98.5 percent between 1988 and 2006.

Between 2004 and 2006, chloroform releases

decreased by 16.9 percent.

• Chlorine dioxide TRI releases have been reduced by

96.6 percent between 1988 and 2006. Between 2004

and 2006, a reduction of 27 percent was achieved.

• Chlorine TRI releases were reduced 99.3 percent

between 1988 and 2006. Release rates were reduced

by nine percent between 2004 and 2006.

Pulp Mill AOX Release Reductions

Pulp and Paper Chlorine Compound Releases

(EPA Data)

TRI Releases — All Chemicals

AF&PA members have made substantial reductions in the

release of chemicals reported through the U.S. EPA TRI

program since its inception in 1988. Rules that specify

which substances are reported under the TRI program

have changed over the years. The best long term year-toyear comparisons are made using the “1988 Core

Chemicals” list. This data, expressed in total pounds

released, is maintained in a publicly available EPA

database.9 The substances included in this list have

remained relatively unchanged.

Pulp and paper mills

• Pulp and paper mill releases of the total pounds “1988

Core Chemicals” listed in the EPA 2006 database have

decreased by 34.7 percent since 1988.

• Between 2004 and 2006,“1988 Core Chemical” releases

decreased by 6.6 percent based on U.S. EPA data.

• Between 2004 and 2006, U.S. EPA data shows that the

release of all TRI reportable chemicals decreased by 5.7

percent at pulp and paper mills.

Pulp and Paper TRI Core Chemical Release Reductions

Wood products facilities

• Releases of all chemicals from wood products facilities

decreased significantly from 5.4 in 2003 to 4.8 lbs. per

thousand cubic feet of product produced in 2005, a

reduction of 11.3 percent.

• TRI total releases at member wood products facilities

are comprised primarily of methanol (63 percent) and

formaldehyde (21 percent). These releases have been

steadily decreasing. Methanol releases were reduced

21.3 percent and formaldehyde 16.8 percent between

2003 and 2005.

• U.S. EPA data for all wood products facilities shows that

releases of “1988 Core Chemicals” were 9.6 percent

lower in 2006 than 2004.

Member Wood Products Facility

TRI Compound Release Reductions

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20
Safety Performance

AF&PA member companies are

committed to employee safety.

Employee safety programs are

focused on continuous

improvement, highlight

accident prevention, and

represent a significant

commitment to the U.S. forest

products industry's 

1.2 million workers.

21
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses

AF&PA has been tracking and reporting occupational

injury and illness data from member companies since

1992. Injury and illness incident rates (recordable10

incidents per 100 equivalent full-time workers) have been

substantially reduced during this 14-year period. The

results, through 2006, show that the total case incidence

rate has decreased by 73 percent at pulp and paper mills.

During this same time period, AF&PA members reduced

lost work cases11 by 60 percent.

Injury rates have steadily decreased between each

monitoring period. Over the past two years, the pulp and

paper mill total case incidence rate was reduced by 8.3

percent, from 2.89 in 2004 to 2.65 in 2006. Lost work

cases were also reduced slightly, 0.8 percent, decreasing

from 1.28 in 2004 to 1.27 in 2006.

Member Pulp and Paper Mill Occupational

Injuries and Illnesses

AF&PA member wood products facilities have also

substantially reduced occupational injury and illness

occurrence rates. In the two year period from 2004 to

2006, member facility total case incidence rates were 27

percent lower, 3.43 in 2004 compared to 2.48 in 2006. In

addition, member lost work cases were reduced by 35

percent from 1.75 in 2004 to 1.13 in 2006. During the

fourteen years that AF&PA has collected data for these

facilities, the total case incidence rate has been cut by 69

percent. Lost work cases have been reduced by 72

percent.

Member Wood Products Facility Occupational

Injuries and Illnesses

In 2006, five fatalities occurred at AF&PA member pulp

and paper facilities and five fatalities occurred at member

wood products facilities.12 Member company and

government agency personnel conduct detailed

investigations after any fatality. The results of these

investigations serve as the basis for any necessary

changes in operations.

In June 2006, the CEO of a member company received the

Pulp & Paper Safety Association's (PPSA) Executive Eagle

Award for 2005. The annual award is presented to a pulp

and paper industry executive who demonstrates a firm

commitment to industry safety and makes significant

contributions to the improvement of safety and health

programs within his or her company. For four years prior to

the award, the company led others in the pulp and paper

industry in safety performance based on annual statistics

compiled by the PPSA and the American Forest & Paper

Association (AF&PA). Over a three year period, the

company's OSHA reportable case records improved by more

than 40 percent.

Improved Performance through AF&PA Safety Subcommittee

The AF&PA Safety Subcommittee works to improve safety

performance by providing training and facilitating the

communication of safety information. Personnel

representing all aspects of forest products industry

operations form task groups. Information on causes and

prevention of injuries is shared. Each group develops

regulatory updates, recommendations on regulatory

policy, compliance improvement, and safety performance

benchmarks. The committee brings together company

safety professionals, AF&PA staff, regulatory staff, OSHA

10 The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics has defined a recordable incident as any work-related injury or illness involving medical treatment beyond first aid.

11 The total number of recordable incidents per 100 equivalent full-time workers requiring time away from work or restricted duties at work..

12 In some instances, reported fatalities at pulp and paper mills and wood products facilities may include contractor employees.

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specialists, and trainers. Agendas also address

recordkeeping and incident management. All of these

interactive activities are specifically designed to provide

for continuous safety improvement at member facilities.

Exemplary Worker Safety Programs

The OSHA Star or Merit Voluntary Protection Programs

(VPP) certify and recognize worker safety initiatives

worthy of special recognition. A large number of AF&PA

member companies have qualified for membership in

these elite programs.

In December of 2007, a total of 175 facilities (91 wood

products facilities and 84 pulp and paper mills) were

recognized for promoting enhanced safety and health

management principles in the workplace.

Member Facility VPP Programs

Injuries and Illnesses

Eighty-three of the pulp and paper facility safety

programs were recognized at the highest level, the Star

level. One member was recognized at the second

highest, Merit, level. Eighty-six of the wood products

facility programs were recognized at the Star level. The

five remaining programs achieved the Merit level of

performance.

Under the VPP program, officials from management, labor,

and OSHA all work together to establish a cooperative

relationship at each facility. Each party makes a significant

commitment to the individual facility program.

• Management agrees to operate an effective worker

safety program that meets an established set of

criteria.

• Employees agree to participate in the program and

work with management to assure a safe and healthful

workplace.

• OSHA initially verifies that the program meets the VPP

criteria, publicly recognizes the site's exemplary

program, and removes the site from routine scheduled

inspection lists. (OSHA may still investigate major

accidents, valid formal employee complaints, and

chemical spills.)

• OSHA also reassesses performance periodically to

confirm that the site continues to meet VPP criteria.

OSHA Alliance

AF&PA formed an alliance with OSHA and the Pulp and

Paper Safety Association to promote safety and health in

the forest products industry. Members of the Alliance

work with OSHA to provide companies with information,

guidance, and access to training resources that will help

them protect employees' health and safety, particularly in

addressing workplace ergonomics and machinery safety

issues.

23
Communication and Outreach

AF&PA member companies report

on environment, health, and safety

program progress to the public 

and to the communities in which

they operate.

24
Reporting Methods

Various methods are used by AF&PA members to report

on and make environmental, health, and safety

performance information available. In 2006:

• twenty-nine percent produced formal EHS reports;

• fifty-one percent placed EHS information on Internet

websites;

• twenty-three percent of members held town meetings;

• sixty-five percent provided plant tours; and

• twenty percent of members used other reporting

means, including community advisory groups, press

releases and local media reports, presentations to civic

organizations, and individualized responses to requests

for information.

Industry associations and research organizations make

environmental performance information available to the

public through reports, brochures, leaflets, and electronic

formats. These organizations include the National Council

for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI), the Technical

Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI), the

Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, American Forests,

the Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) at

Georgia Tech, and universities with forest products

industry academic and research departments. This

information can be found on company or association

websites or by contacting these organizations directly13.

Public Policy Participation

In keeping with the AF&PA EHS principles, personnel at

member companies work constructively with local, state,

and federal governments to develop sound public

policies. Members seek policies that meet the needs of

society yet support industry technology and economic

requirements. In 2006:

• sixty-eight percent of members reported meeting with

public officials to discuss company environmental

performance;

• fifty-three percent of members met with interested

stakeholders (coalitions, non-governmental

organizations, etc.);

• fifty-one percent encouraged company employees to

participate in public policymaking processes;

• forty-seven percent testified at government hearings;

and

• six percent of members reported use of other means

— such as participating in trade association activities.

Member Participation in

Public Policy Development

Community Outreach

AF&PA member companies strive to be environmental

leaders within their communities. They promote sound

EHS practices, not just at work, but also at home and

within the community. In 2006, eighty-nine percent of

members performed community outreach activities.

These activities included philanthropic support of

community environmental programs, serving as active

participants in school education programs, civic

programs, and community advisory groups.

• Seventy-seven percent participated in school

educational programs.

• Seventy percent led and/or participated in a wide

range of other civic programs.

• Fifty-seven percent sat on community advisory groups.

• Fifty-one percent provided financial support for

community and other environmental programs.

• Eight percent used other means — such as organizing

workshops for teachers, working with watershed

organizations, serving on scientific advisory teams, and

participating in or sponsoring energy and

environmental fairs.

13 Links to the electronic documents and contact information for

print versions can be found at:

http://www.afandpa.org/Content/NavigationMenu/About_AFandPA/R

elated_Links/Related_Links.htm.

25
Commitment to the Future

AF&PA members are committed to improved EHS

performance and a sustainable future. Participation in

research and technical development activities is an

important element in attaining this goal. Members

form partnerships within academic and government

technology alliances, participate in industry research

collaborations and organizations, support research

through colleges and universities, and conduct R&D

programs within individual companies. Examples are

provided in the following discussion.

One company placed recycling bins in local classrooms.

The students take an active part in sorting and recycling

the wastepaper that the school generates. The students

learn the value of recycling to both the environment and

the economy. Approximately 3300 students participated in

five local schools, providing the mill with a local source of

clean paper.

Member Community Outreach Program

Employees at one member company can take up to 24

hours paid time off each year to volunteer in their

community.

Investing in Environmental Improvements

AF&PA members seek opportunities to expand their

environmental improvement efforts by cooperating

with government agencies in voluntary programs,

working independently within their facilities to

implement pollution prevention measures, and making

capital expenditures directed towards these efforts.

Member companies often receive special “beyond

compliance” recognition or awards for these programs.

In 2006:

• sixty percent had initiated pollution prevention

programs or measures; and

• fifty-two percent of members reported that they had

participated in voluntary EHS programs.

One company has contributed 2.7 million square feet of

wood products to the building of 500 affordable homes in

the Gulf Coast as part of Habitat for Humanity's Operation

Home Delivery.

26
The Agenda 2020 Technology Alliance

This industry-led partnership includes industry,

government, and academia. Together they seek to

reinvent the forest products industry through innovation

in processes, materials, and markets. Resulting new

technology-driven business models will enable the

industry to meet competitive challenges and contribute

to strategic national needs. Organized as an AF&PA

strategic alliance, Agenda 2020 is open to participation by

any company, domestic or international, that supports the

program's goals and objectives. The partners include

government agencies, national laboratories, international

research organizations, and universities.

Forest Products Industry Technology Roadmap

In 2006, project collaborators published a comprehensive

Forest Products Industry Technology Roadmap that

provides the research community, and their funding

organizations, with industry's research needs and

priorities. It serves to better channel the research efforts

needed to support the cornerstones on which the new

industry will be built. These are:

• improved productivity through higher yields for raw

materials and manufactured products, and lower costs;

• upgraded workforce technical skills;

• focus on new biomass-derived products including

electric power, liquid fuels, polymers and composite

materials, and industrial chemicals;

• added value to society through reduced emissions and

effluents; and

• production of essential materials from renewable and

sustainable raw materials.

Early successes:

In this early stage the Technology Roadmap has led to:

• partnering Agenda 2020's Value Prior to Pulping

27
consortium with 16 other organizations to secure $1.5

million in funding from the U.S. Department of Energy

for biorefinery goals;

• a $2.7 million three-year project for high-yield

extraction of hemicelluloses and fermentation into

ethanol;

• a formal industry partnership with the federal National

Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) to seek funding for

projects that increase product strength, water

resistance, fire retardancy, and new forms of packaging;

• eligibility for the forest products industry in several

federally-funded programs for biorefinery

development and demonstrations;

• strong policy support for research and deployment of

new energy efficient manufacturing technologies that

also show superior environmental performance; and

• increased national presence by sponsoring and

participating in a number of national conferences,

including the Advancing Renewable Energy

Conference held in St. Louis which was attended by

President Bush.

Agenda 2020 Technology Platforms

Just as the Technology Roadmap provides guidance for

directing and prioritizing research focus areas, Agenda

2020 Platforms create the structure needed to coordinate

individual research projects within eight separate

categories. The platforms are:

• Advancing the forest “bio-refinery” to produce

biofuels/bioproducts and increase power generation

from wood residuals and pulping liquors.

• Sustainable forest productivity through ecologically

sustainable, socially acceptable, energy-efficient, and

economically viable practices.

• Breakthrough manufacturing technologies that reduce

raw material, fiber, and energy use.

• Advancing the wood products revolution to create

superior, low cost, high-value, sustainable wood

products and wood-based building systems.

• Utilizing nanotechnology science and engineering for

the Forest Products Industry to efficiently and

effectively capture the entire range of values that

wood-based lignocellulosic materials are capable of

providing.

• Next generation fiber recovery and utilization practices

that make recycled fiber interchangeable with virgin

fiber in product quality, functionality, and availability.

• Positively impacting the environment through

development of in-process and add-on technologies

that enable improvement in environmental

performance.

• The technologically advanced workforce that will

operate new and existing technologies chosen to

create the forest products industry of the future.

Industry Collaborations and Cooperative Research Initiatives

Research organizations supported by AF&PA members

pursue world class research initiatives and technical

support programs specifically tailored to forest products

industry needs and circumstances. They include:

• National Council for Air and Stream Improvement

(NCASI)

• Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) at the

Georgia Institute of Technology

• Center for Paper Business and Industry Studies (CPBIS),

also at Georgia Tech

Elements of the NCASI research program include:

• understanding and characterizing the forest products

industry's unique role in global climate change

• tracking and evaluating control options for reduced air

emissions from forest products manufacturing

facilities;

• wastewater treatment process improvements,

continued reductions in effluent discharges, and

assessment of conditions in receiving streams —

including long-term (over a period of several years)

studies;

• cataloging and reporting of chemical substances used,

produced, or released by forest products

manufacturing facilities; and

• forest and land management practices and their

relationship to forest sustainability, thriving wildlife

and species diversity.

28
The focus of some IPST research programs includes:

• new materials and product platforms for a sustainable

forest products industry;

• new process technology to support the industry and

its new products — including biofuels and alternative

chemical feedstocks that serve as an alternative to

petrochemicals;

• sustainable materials, energy, and chemicals; and

• sustainable forests.

CPBIS research efforts provide important links between

the technology and business aspects of forest products

industry sustainability. Some examples include:

• identifying and understanding social science issues

that are of critical interest to industry stakeholders;

• tracking of industry performance through direct

observation of industry trends, outcomes, and

perceptions;

• building connections between the academic personnel

and community stakeholders to improve

understanding of the industry;

• dissemination and communication of research findings

to industry in order to facilitate better decisionmaking

in an increasingly competitive environment;

• building management and analytical capacity within

the industry; and

• producing skilled, industry-oriented PhD and M.S.

graduates in a variety of disciplines.

AF&PA Member Support of Academic Research

Several colleges and universities provide longstanding

and highly regarded programs in paper science and train

scientists and engineers for technical, operational, and

management positions within the industry. They include

top-rated schools, such as:

• Auburn University (Alabama)

• Georgia Institute of Technology

• Miami University (Ohio)

• North Carolina State University

• State University of New York

• University of Maine

• University of Minnesota

• University of Washington

• University of Wisconsin — Stevens Point

• Western Michigan University

Additionally, AF&PA members support academic research

in numerous universities with broad academic and forest

programs. Research topics pursued at these institutions

include:

• seeking the highest possible sustainable value from

forest-based biomass;

• learning how to improve the efficiency of the wood

used and decrease chemical use in pulping and

bleaching operations;

• increasing the use of recycled fiber and improving the

strength of recycled pulps;

• developing new technologies that use fungal or

enzymatic agents to replace some chemicals used for

pulping and bleaching and reducing residuals

production;

• finding processes that produce biofuels and chemical

building blocks from renewable forest resources;

• improving design and implementation of

environmental management systems;

• optimizing pulping processes to reduce energy

requirements; and

• designing new wastewater treatment and spent

pulping liquor recovery processes to enhance

performance, improve chemical and odor removal,

increase energy recovery from mill process streams

and effluents, and enhance water recycling.

Individual Members Conduct Independent Research Programs

Research and development programs conducted by

AF&PA members improve efficiencies, eliminate or reduce

air and water releases, and improve product designs.

One member company received $30 million in funding from

the Department of Energy to set up a demonstration facility

designed to convert wood residues and bark into a biodiesel

fuel. The facility will test conversion technologies and

provide the data necessary to bring a full-size, commercialscale biorefinery online in the future. The test facility, to be

built in Wisconsin, will be operational in about four years.

Examples of research projects conducted by member

companies include:

• finding ways to reduce energy requirements for

existing papermaking processes and equipment;

• identifying new uses for recycled water within mill

systems to reduce fresh water withdrawal;

• substituting repulpable resins for wax coatings on

moisture resistant food packaging cartons to improve

recyclability of used cartons;

• increasing efficiency of paper product packaging to

reduce shipping fuel requirements through lower

container and transport vehicle space needs;

• extending the use of wood residuals and other

alternative fuels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels;

• utilizing boiler ash and other residuals as fertilizers and

soil conditioners to enhance forest nutrition and tree

growth;

• developing technologies that increase pulp yield,

decrease wood use, and reduce generation of air

emissions and water discharges per ton of product

produced; and

• establishing forest management practices that reduce

water impacts and aid woodland species diversity.

29
American Forest & Paper Association

1111 Nineteenth Street, NW, Suite 800

Washington, DC 20036

202 463-2700 

Fax: 202 463-2785

www.afandpa.org

America’s Forest and Paper People® 

Improving Tomorrow’s Environment Today®

Internet Addresses for Forest Product Organizations

American Forest & Paper Association 

http://www.afandpa.org

National Council for Air and Stream Improvement

http://www.ncasi.org

Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry

http://www.tappi.org

Institute of Paper Science and Technology

http://www.ipst.gatech.edu

Center for Paper Business and Industry Studies

http://www.cpbis.gatech.edu