# U ni te d S ta te s Co ur t of A pp ea ls For the Eig hth Circu it

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__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ Uni te d S ta te s o f Am eri ca
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Pla in ti

ff - App el le e

v.
Ro nn ie Lee Lan gs to n
ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll ll l Defe nd

an t - Ap pe ll an t

__ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co ur t fo r th e Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa - Sio ux Cit y

__ __ __ __ __ __ Su bm it te d: Aug us t 3 , 20 15 Fi le d: Aug us t 6 , 20 15 [Pu bl is he d]

__ __ __ __ __ __ Befo re MUR PHY, MELLOY, an d B ENTON, Ci rcu it Ju dg es

.

__ __ __ __ __ __ PER CURI AM.

Thi s co ur t pr ev io us ly affi rm ed Ro nn ie Lee Lan gs t on ’s se nt en ce un de r th e Arm ed Care er Cri m in al Act, 18 U.S.C. § 92 4( e). Se e Uni te d St at es v. La ng st on , 77 2 F.3 d 56 0 (8 th Ci r. 20 14 ) (p er cu ria m ). The Su pr em e Co ur t gr an te d cert io rari , va cat ed th e jud gm en t, an d rem an de d fo r reco ns id erat io n in li gh t of Jo hn so n v. Uni te d St at es ,13 5 S. Ct

. 25 51 (2 01 5)

. Hav in g juri sd ic ti on u n de r 28 U.S.C. § 12 91 , th is co ur t

affi rm s t he di st ric t co ur t an d re in st at es th e p rev io us op in io n i n p art

. 1

Lan gs to n pl ed gu il ty to po ss es si ng a fir earm in vi ol at io n of 18 U.S.C. § 92 2( g)

. The di st ric t co ur t se nt en ced hi m as an arm ed c aree r cri m in al to 18 0 m on th s’ im pr is on men t

. Se e § 92 4( e)(1 ) (m an da to ry m in im um of 18 0 m on th s if a fel on in po ss es si on of a fir earm ha s th ree pr io r co nv ic ti on s fo r vi ol en t fel on ie s or se rio us dr ug of fen se s)

. At se n t e n c i n g, th e co ur t fo un d th at fo ur pr io r co nv ic ti on s were vi ol en t fel on ie s: te rro ris m , g oi ng arm ed wit h in te nt , t he ft, an d bu rg la ry . Lan gs to n d id no t di sp ut e th at th e th eft an d bu rg la ry co nv ic ti on s were vi ol en t f e l o n i e s

. Thi s co ur t affi rm ed , ho ld in g th at th e te rro ris m co nv ic ti on is a vi ol en t fel on y un de r th e ACCA’s fir st cla us e. Se e § 9 24 (e)( 2) (B)( i) ( cri m e is a vi ol en t fel on y if i t “ ha s as an ele m en t th e us e, at te m

pt ed us e, or th reat en ed us e o f p h ys i c al fo rce ag ai ns t th e pe rs on of

an ot he r”). Alt ern at iv el y , th is co ur t fo un d th at Lan gs to n’s go in g- arm ed -wit h- in te nt
co nv ic ti on is a vi ol en t fel on y un de r t h e “ res id ua l cl au se ” of th e ACCA. Se e § 92 4( e)(2 )(B) (ii ) (cri me is a vi ol en t fel on y if it “ ot he rwis e in vo lv es co nd uc t th at pr es en ts a se rio us po te nt ia l ri sk of p hysic al in jury to an ot he r”).

In Jo hn so n , th e Supr em e Co ur t st ru ck d o w n th e res id ua l cl au se as
un co ns ti tu ti on al ly vag ue

. Se e Jo hn so n , 13 5 S . Ct. at 25 56 -5 7 (n ot in g v ag ue ne ss in cri m in al st at ut es is pr oh ib it ed by du e pr oc es s)

. In li gh t of Jo hn so n , Lan gs to n’s go in g- arm ed -wit h- in te nt co nv ic ti on is no t a q ua li fy in g v io le nt fel on y
.

Howev er, Jo hn so n “ do es no t ca ll in to qu es ti on ap pl ic at io n o f th e [ACCA] to th e fo ur en um erat ed o ffen se s, or th e rem ai nd er of th e Act’s de fin it io n of a vi ol en t fel on y .” I

d

. at 25 63

. As ex pl ai ne d by th e pr ev io us op in io n, Lan gs to n’s te rro ris m
co nv ic ti on is a vi ol en t fel on y un de r th e ACCA’s fir st cl au se

. Se e 77 2 F.3 d at 56 2- 63

.

The Hon or ab le Mar k W

. Ben ne tt , Uni te d St at es Dis tri ct Ju dg e fo r th e 1 Nor th ern Dis tri ct of I owa

. -2

-Lan gs to n th us ha s th ree qu al ifyin g co nv ic ti on s. The di st ric t co ur t pr op erl y se nt en ced

hi m as an arm ed care er cri m in al

. Se e § 92 4( e)(1 ) (req ui rin g “ th ree pr ev io us
co nv ic ti on s

. . . fo r a vi ol en t fel on y or a se rio us dr ug o f f e n s e ” )

. S ee al

so Uni te d St at es v. Arch ul et a , 41 2 F.3 d 10 03 , 10 06 (8 th Ci r. 20 05 ) (d is cu ss in g ha rm le ss erro r), ci ti ng , e.g., Ch ap man v. Ca li

fo rn ia , 38 6 U.S. 1 8, 2 4 (1 96 7)

.
The jud gm en t is affi rm ed

. The pa ne l o pi ni on is rei ns ta te d exc ep t for th e two pa rag rap hs , 77 2 F.3d at 56 3, fin di ng th at th e go in g- arm ed -wit h- in te nt co nv ic ti on is a p red ic at e fel on y

un de r th e res id ua l cl au se

.

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