FI LED U. S . COURT OF AP PE ALS E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT D e c e m be r 23, 2005 T HOM AS K. KAHN CL E RK [ DO NO T P UB L I S H] I N THE UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C IR C U IT

________________________ N o. 05- 13132 N on -A rgum entC al endar

________________________ D . C . D o c k e tN o . 0 4 - 1 4 0 6 5 - C R - K MM U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A , P la in tif f - A p p e lle e , v ersu s T Y R O N E D A V I D S C O T T , D e f e n d a n t- A p p e lla n t.

________________________ A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f orthe S outhe rn D i s tr i c tof F l or i da

_________________________ ( D e c e m be r23, 2005) B efo re D U B IN A , C A RN E S an d P R Y O R , C i rcu i tJu d g es. P E R C U R I A M: A ppe l l a ntT y r one D a vi d S c ottappe a l s hi s 235- m onth s e nt e nc e f orU

ni ted Stat es v. B oo ke r , 543 U . S . 220, 125 S . C t . 738 ( 2005) , di d nota l t e rour 1 r e v ie w o f

th e ap p lic a tio n o f

th e G u id e lin e s o r th e ap p lic ab le s ta n d a r d s o f r e v ie w . See U n i ted S ta tes v. Cra w

f o rd , 40 7 F . 3d 11 74 , 11 78 (11th C i r. 20 05 ).

2 p o s s e s s i o n w i th i n t e n tt o d i s tr i b u t e 5 g r a ms o rmo r e o f c o c a i n e b a s e , 2 1 U . S. C. § 841( 1) ( a ) ( 1) . O n appe a l , S c otta r gue s tha tthi s c our t ’ s opi ni on i n U ni ted Stat es v. J ohns on , 39 9 F . 3d 12 97 (11th C i r. 20 05 ), ho l di ng thatthe po ss es si on of a f i re arm by a f e l on i s nota c r i m e of

vi ol e nc e , e f

f e c t i ve l y ove rrul e d U

n i ted S ta tes v. G i lb ert , 1 3 8 F .3 d 1 3 7 1 ( 1 1 th C ir . 1 9 9 8 ) . J ohns on i s notdi re ct l y on p oi nt , and there fore , because G i lb ert

re m ai ns go od l aw , w e a ff i rm S cott ’ s s ent ence . W e rev i ew “ a d i stri ctco u rt ’ s i n t erp ret at i o n o f th e S en t en ci n g G u i d el i n es de no vo . ” G i lb ert , 13 8 F . 3d at13 72 . A di stri ctcourtgeneral l y m ayenhance a 1 defe nd ant ’ s s ent ence as a c ar ee r off ender “ i f ( 1) the defendantw as atl ea stei gh t ee n y e a r s ol d a tthe t i m e the de f e nda ntc om m i tt e d the i ns t a ntof f e ns e of c onvi c t i on; ( 2) the i ns t a ntof

f e ns e of c onvi c t i on i s a f

e l onytha ti s e i the ra c r i m e of vi ol e nc e or a c ontr ol l e d s ubs t a nc e of f e ns e ; a nd ( 3) the de f

e nda ntha s a tl e a s ttw o pr i orf e l ony conv i ct i on s of e i ther acr i m e of vi ol ence or a c on trol l ed subst ance offe nse. ” U . S . S . G . § 4B 1. 1( a ) . T he t e r m “ c r i m e of vi ol e nc e ” ha s tw o pos s i bl e de f i ni t i ons ac cordi ng t o the ca re er -off ender gui del i ne. T he fi rs tdefi nes “ cr i m e of vi ol ence ” a s a ny of f e ns e puni s habl e f

ora t e r m e xc e e di ng one y e a rtha t“ ha s a s a n e l e m e ntthe us e , a tt e m pt e d us e , orthr e a t e ne d us e of phy s i c a l f

or c e a ga i ns tthe pe r s on of3

a nothe r . ” U . S . S . G . § 4B 1. 2( a ) ( 1) . T he s e c ond de f i ne s “ c r i m e of

vi ol e nc e ” a s a ny of f e ns e puni s habl e f

ora t e r m e xc e e di ng one y e a rtha t“ i s bur gl a ry of a dw e l l i ng, ar son, or ext ort i on , i nv ol ves the use of e xp l osi ves, or otherw i se i nv ol ves c on du ct th a tp r e s e n t s a s e r i o u s p o t e n t i a l r i s k o f p h y s i c a l i n

j u ry t o a n o th e r . ” U. S . S . G. § 4 B 1. 2(a) (2). T he G ui del i nes s peci fi ca l l y e xcl ud e unl aw ful po ss es si on of a f i r e a r m by a f

e l on f r om the de f

i ni t i on of “ c r i m e of

vi ol e nc e . ” U . S . S . G . § 4B 1. 2, c o m m e n t. ( n .1 ) . W e ha ve pr e vi ous l y rul e d tha tc a rry i ng a c onc e a l e d f i r e a r m i s a c r i m e of v io le n c e f

o rp u rp o s e s o f

th e c a r e e r - o f

f e n d e rg u id e lin e . Un i te d S ta te s v . A da ms , 3 1 6 F .3 d 1 1 9 6 , 1 1 9 7 ( 1 1 th C ir .) , ce rt. deni ed , 538 U . S . 1007, 123 S . C t . 1920 ( 2 0 0 3 ) ; G i lb ert , 138 F . 3d a t1371. W e ha ve m a de i tc l e a rtha tthe l a w of the C i r c ui ti s “ e m pha t i c ” tha ta pr i orpa ne l de c i s i on m a y onl y be ove rrul e d by the S u p rem e C o u rto r b y th i s C o u rtw h en i tsi t s e n banc . A da ms , 3 1 6 F .3 d a t 1 1 9 7 n .1 ( quot i ng C a r

g ill v . T u r p in , 12 0 F . 3d 13 66 , 13 86 (11th C i r. 19 97 )) . T he r e c or d de m ons tr a t e s tha tS c ottha d a pr i orc onvi c t i on f orc a rry i ng a c o n c e a le d f

ir e a r m , a n d th e d is tr ic t c o u r t c o n s id e r e d th is c o n v ic tio n to q u a lif y S c o tt a c a r e e r - o f

f e n d e ru n d e rU .S .S .G . § 4 B 1 .1 . T h is is th e e x a c t is s u e w e d e c id e d in G i lb ert , a nd G i lb ert

is b in d in g p r e c e d e n t th a t d e te r m in e s th is is s u e . See A da ms , 3 1 6 F .3 d a t 1 1 9 7 n .1 . T o th e e x te n t th a t S c o tt a r g u e s th a t J ohns on e f

f e c tiv e ly4

ove rrul e d G i lb ert , hi s a r gum e ntf a i l s . B oth the c r i m e a nd s t a tut e i n J ohns on ar e d if f e r e n t th a n th e o n e s b e f

o r e u s . See J

ohns on , 399 F . 3d a t1298- 1301 ( a ddr e s s i ng the c r i m e “ pos s e s s i on of a f i r e a r m by a f

e l on, ” a s a c r i m e of

vi ol e nc e unde r18 U .S .C . 3 1 5 6 (a )( 4 )) . A cc o rd in g ly, fo r th e f o re g o in g re as o n s, w e a ff irm S co tt ’s se nt ence . AF F I RME D.