7

- i CHAPTER 7. ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7.1 INTRODUCTION

................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 7

- 1

7.2 EQUIPMENT CLASSES

................................ ................................ ................................ 7

- 1

7.3 ESTIMATING ENERGY US E OF REFRIGERATED BE VERAGE VENDING

MACHINES

................................ ................................ ................................ ..................... 7

- 3

7.3.1 Energy Use of Class A and B Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines

.......... 7

- 3

7.3.2 Energy Use of Combination Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines

............ 7

- 6

7.3.3 Modeling Annual Energy Consumption Using Daily Energy Consumption

....... 7

- 6

7.4 ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

................................ ................................ ........ 7

- 12

LIST OF TABLES

Table 7.2.1 Equipment Classes and Energy Conservation Standards for Beverage Vending Machines (Compliance Date August 31, 2012)

.............................. 7

- 2

Table 7.2.2 Combination Equipment Class Subcategories Used in This Analysis

........... 7

- 2

Table 7.2.3 Configurations of the Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines Analyzed in the 2 009 BVM Final Rule

................................ ......................... 7

- 3

Table 7.3.1 Distribution of Refrigerated Volumes for BVM Equipment Classes A

and B

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7

- 5

Table 7.3.2 Average Daily Energy Consumption for Combination BVM Equipment Class

................................ ................................ ............................ 7

- 6

Table 7.3.3 Average Refrigerated Volume for Combination BVM Equipment

Class

................................ ................................ ................................ ............... 7

- 6

Table 7.3.4 Vending Machine and BVM Location Data Based on Sampling from U.S. Colleges and Universities

................................ ................................ ...... 7

- 8

Table 7.3.5 Adjustment Factors for Equipment Class B Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines at Current Standard by State and District of

Columbia

................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 7

- 11

Table 7.4.1 Annual Energy Consumption for Equipment Class A and B Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines

................................ .................. 7

- 13

Table 7.4.2 Annual Energy Consumption for Combination Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines

................................ ................................ ....................... 7

- 147

- ii LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 7.3.1 Daily Energy Consumption (DEC) of BVM Equipment Class A Models as a Function of Refrigerated Volume

................................ .............. 7

- 4 Figure 7.3.2 Daily Energy Consumption (Dec) of BVM Equipment Class B Models as a Function of Refrigerated Volume

................................ ........................... 7

- 4 Figure 7.3.3 Distribution of Refrigerated Volumes for BVM Equipment Classes A

and B

................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 7

- 5 Figure 7.3.4 Relationship between Annual Energy Consumption and Daily Energy Consumption for Outdoor BVM Equipment Class B

................................ .... 7

- 97

- 1 CHAPTER 7. ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conducts an energy use analysis to determine the savings in operating cost accrued to customers from the use of more

- efficient equipment . The

results are used to inform the life

- cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP) calculations described in chapter 8 and the national impacts analys i s (NIA) found in chapter 1 0

. This chapter describes the means and methods DOE adopt ed to determine the annual energy consumption (AEC) of refrigerated beverage vending machines (BVMs) to i nform the LCC and PBP analysis.

The goal of the energy use analysis is to generate a range of energy use values that

reflects actual equipment use in the U nited States by new refrigerated beverage vending

machines at various efficiency levels. The engineering analysis described in c hapter 5 reports energy use derived from the conditions and requirements of the DOE test procedure. This test procedure produces standardized results that can be used to assess or compare the performance

of equipment oper ating under specified conditions. Actual energy usage in the field often differs from that estimated by the test procedure because of variation in operating conditions, the behavior of users, and other factors.

V ery limited data exist on field energy con sumption of refrigerated beverage vending

machines

. For indoor refrigerated beverage vending machine use, DOE assumed that the test energy use measurements were an accurate reflection of field energy use, because indoor environments are normally kept clos e to the average temperature used for the DOE test (75 °F).

For outdoor refrigerated beverage vending machine use, DOE has opted to use a simulation model to estimate field energy use from DOE test energy use.

7.2 EQUIPMENT C LASSES

The current standard for re frigerated beverage vending machines ( 10 CFR 431.296 ) , as prescribed by the 2009 BVM F inal R ule ( 74 FR 44968 , August 31, 2009 ), classifies refrigerated beverage vending machine s into two equipment classes (A and B) , plus a “Combination” class

for which a standard has not yet been established ; see Table 7.2

. 1

. DOE is analyzing Class A, Class B, and combination equipment in this rulemaking.7

- 2 Table 7.2

. 1 Equipment Classes and Energy Conservation Standards for Beverage Vending Machines (Compliance Date August 31, 2012)

Equipment

Class Definition Maximum Daily Energy Consumption kWh/Day

A A refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machine that is fully cooled, and is not a combination vending machine 0.055 × V * + 2.56

B A ny refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machine not considered to be Class A,

and is not a combination vending machine 0.073 × V + 3.16

Combination A refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machine that also has nonrefrigerated volumes for the purpose of vending other, non

- “sealed beverage” merchandise [RESERVED]

* ‘‘V’’ denotes the refrigerated v olume in cubic feet of the refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending

machine

.

For the purposes of analysis, DOE has divided the Combination equipment class into two subcategories, “ Combo A ” and “ Combo B

, ” that differ in whether the refrigerated vo lume is fully cooled, following the convention established for equipment classes A and B ; see Table

7.2

. 2

.

Table 7.2

. 2 Combination Equipment Class Subcategories Used in This Analysis

Combination Equipment Class Subcategory Description

Combo A A refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machine that also has nonrefrigerated volumes for the purpose of vending other, non

- “sealed beverage” merchandise ; the refrigerated volume is fully

cooled

Combo B A ny refrigerated bottled or canned beverage vending machine that also has nonrefrigerated volumes for the purpose of vending other,

non

- “sealed beverage” merchandise ; the r efrigerated volume is not

considered to be Combo A

DOE assumed that the fraction of equipment c lass A and Combo A refrigerated beverage vending machine s located outdoors i s insignificant and hence negligible, and therefore assumed for the purpose of analysis that 100 percent of these units are located indoors

. DOE assumes that 16 percent of equipment class B and Combo B refrigerated beverage vending machines are located outdoors (see section 7.3.3 ). Although some fraction of equipment class A and Combo A7

- 3 machines may be rated for both indoor and outdoor use, DOE assumes that all equipment class A

and Combo A refrigerated beverage vendi ng machine s a re located indoors both because of the

r el atively small percentage of the total number of these machines in stock and currently shipped, possible operator concerns of vandalism and damage if installed outdoors, and the difficulty in

maintainin g desired equipment temperature s outdoors

.

It is possible for refrigerated beverage vending machine s in the same equipment class to have different configurations and sizes. For the 2009 BVM Final Rule , DOE standardized the vendible capacity and refriger ated volume of representative units for analysis (see Table 7.2

. 3 ).

Table 7.2

. 3 Configurations of the Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines Analyzed in

the 2009 BVM Final Rule

Configuration Equipment Class A Equipment Class B

“ Small ” “ Medium ” “ Large ” “ Small ” “ Medium ” “ Large ”

Vendible Capacity,

number of cans 300 400 500 450 650 800

Refrigerated Volume, ft 3 17 22 34 17 22 26

For this current analysis, DOE opted for a single representative volume for each equipment class for the purpose of estimating energy use.

7.3 E STIMATING E NERGY USE OF REFRIGERATED BEVERAGE VENDING

MACHINES

7.3.1 Energy Use of Class A and B Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines

DOE began with the maximum daily energy consumption (DEC) of equipment class A

and B as specified under the current standards and summarized in Table 7.2

. 1 . These standards are expressed as a function of the refrigerated volume.

To e stimate the distribution of refrigerated volume s for shipped equipment

, DOE used data from its own Compliance Cer tification Management System (CCMS) a

, which represents all models currently being sold in the U nited S tates, and from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA ’s ) list of ENERGY STAR qualified equipment b , which represents models that

are certified to the E

- Star 3.0 standard that became effective in March 2013. The two databases together represent 16 equipment class A and 36 equipment class B basic models, after removing duplicate entries between the two databases.

a Available for download at: http://www.regulations.doe.gov/certification

- data/CCMS

- 41431629825.html

. b Available for download at: http://www.energystar.gov/certified

- products/detail/vending_machines

.7

- 4 Figure 7.3

. 1 shows the DEC of equipment class A models as a function of refrigerated volume, while Figure 7.3

. 2 shows daily energy consumption of equipment class B models as a function of refrigerated volume.

Figure 7.3

. 1 Daily Energy Consumption (DEC) of BVM Equipment Class A Models as a Function of Refrigerated V olume

Figure 7.3

. 2 Daily Energy Consumption (Dec) of BVM Equipment Class B Models as a Function of Refrigerated Volume

DOE developed a histogram of refrigerated volumes for equipment class es A and B. For this histogram, DOE weighted more heavily models on the ENERGY STAR list, reflecting the observation that major bottlers, which represent roughly 90 percent of BVM market share, purchase ENERGY STAR equipment almost exclusively; the remaining market share was assumed to purchase ENERGY STAR 3 0 percent of the time, resulting in an overall ENERGY 0 0.5

1 1.5

2 2.5

3 3.5

4 4.5

5

0 10 20 30 40 50**DEC (kWh/day)**

**Refrigerated Volume (cu. ft)** CCMS

ENERGY STAR

Standard Level

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0 10 20 30 40 50**DEC (kWh/day)**

**Refrigerated Volume (cu. ft)** CCMS

ENERGY STAR

Standard Level7

- 5 STAR market share of 93 percent . These weights were used to generate final distributions of

volumes for equipment classes A and B. See Figure 7.3

. 3

.

Figure 7.3

. 3 D istribution of Refrigerated Volumes for BVM Equipment C lass es A and B

DOE also grouped refrigerated volume categories together to approximate the “small,”

“medium

, ” and “large” designations used in the 2009 BVM Final Rule in order to obtain market shares by volume category. The weighted average volume from all model data was also

calculated. See Table 7.3

. 1

.

Table 7.3

. 1 Distribution of Refrigerated Volumes for BVM Equipment C lass es A and B Equipment Class A Equipment C lass B

Size
category Reference

volume (cu. ft.) Volume

range (cu. ft.) Market

share (%) Reference

volume (cu. ft.) Volume

range (cu. ft.) Market

share (%)

Small 17 < 18 0 17 < 18 23

Medium 22 18 to 28 36 22 18 to 23 1 8
Large 34 >=28 64 26 >=2 3 59 Equipment Class A Equipment Class B
Average

volume (cu. ft.) 29.6 2 3.4 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0%<88-1010-1212-1414-1616-1818-2020-2222-2424-2626-2828-3030-3232-3434-3636-3838+**Percentage of weighted models**

**Refrigerated volume (cu. ft.)** Class A

Class B7

- 6 7.3.2 Energy Use of Combination Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines

For the Combination BVM equipment class, DOE determined the baseline daily energy consumption of each equipment class s ubcategory from simulated units (described in chapter 5)

in two size categories, referred to as “ medium ” and “ large ” , and calculated the average of the two for the purpose of estimating the average daily energy consumption. Lacking other data,

DOE a lso assumed that 100 percent of equipment sold on the market would correspond to this baseline energy consumption level. See Table 7.3

. 2

.

Table 7.3

. 2 Average Daily Energy Consumption for Combination BVM Equipment

Class

Equipment Class Subcategory Daily Energy Consumption (kWh/day)

“ Medium ” size “ Large ” size Average

Combo A 5.900 6.270 6.085

Combo B 4.800 4.930 4.865

D ata on distributions of refrigerated volumes were not available for the Combination BVM equipment class . Therefore, DOE used refrigerated volumes of models it had simulated for the engineering analysis, consisting of two sizes each for Combo A and Combo B subcategories (see chapter 5). For the purpose of estimating volume distributions, DOE assumed that 50 percent of the market was of “medium” size and 50 percent was of “large” size for each Combination BVM equipment class subcategory. See Table 7.3

. 3

.

Table 7.3

. 3 Average Refrigerated Volume for Combination BVM Equipment Cl ass

Equipment Class Subcategory Refrigerated volume (cu. ft.)

“Medium” size “Large” size Average

Combo A 8.82 11.75 10.29

Combo B 3.51 5.15 4.33

7.3.3 Modeling Annual Energy Consumption Using Daily Energy Consumption

In the same vein as the 2009 Final Rule TSD , DOE estimate d the AEC for equipment

class A and Combo A, and the indoor AEC for equipment class B and Combo B, as the product of the average DEC from the DOE Test Procedure indoor test condition of 75 °F/45 percent RH and 365 days per year. In addition, DOE assumed that the indoor AEC values f or all equipment

classes do not vary by S tate.

The outdoor AEC values for equipment class B and Combo B , however, are subject to

influence from meteorological and climatic variations

.

DOE estimated the fraction of equipment class B refrigerated beverage vending machines located outdoors by conducting an online search for BVM locations. DOE found BVM locations and types of vending machines for six colleges and uni versities around the country. Th e s e data

w ere freely available as many colleges and universities offer information on facilities and auxiliary dining services for their students and staff. It was also felt that campuses ( and large7

- 7 campuses in particular ) are fairly representative of the general BVM population

, as they have a mix of building types that mirror some of the major markets for refrigerated beverage vending

machines . Campuses typically have many office building s, laboratory buildings (which could be a proxy for small factories or industrial sites ) , parking facilities, residen tial buildings (which

could mimic commercial lodging facilities ) , sports facilities, and medical facilities. On the other hand, colleges an d universities might have a larger prevalence of outdoor refrigerated beverage vending machines, as they are generally located in environments where people are circulating

outdoors and where overall security may be higher than in an average setting.

Resul ts for this sampling of campus refrigerated beverage vending machines are summarized in Table 7.3

. 4 . Out of a total sample of 1

, 106 vending machines, about two

- thirds

we re found to be refrigerated beverage vending machines. Of these, 1 6 percent we re located

outdoors on average. This data set sample d from a range of states in the East, Midwest

, and

Western U nited States and dr e w from both urban and suburban locations. Urban locations would be expected to have more indoor refrigerated beverage vending machines . However, the bulk of

data i s from three large universities in relatively warm

- weather locations : University of North

Carolina

- Charlotte (UNCC)

, University of California

- Los Angeles ( UCLA ) , and University of

Texas

- Austin (UT

- Austin ). This data set therefore may skew the estimate of outdoor vending machines to a higher percentage, so the true number may be slightly lower than 1 6 percent

. ( T he three large campuses alone have an average of 1 8 percent of their refrigerated beverage vending machines located outdoors). Nonetheless, DOE assumed that the average percentage of outdoor vending machines for equipment class B was 1 6 percent. DOE also assumed this same percentage of outdoor vending machines for Combination equipment class subcategory Combo

B.7

- 8 Table 7.3

. 4 V ending Machine and BVM Location Data Based on Sampling from U .S. Colleges and Universities

University or College Location Total vending

machines Refrigerated beverage vending

machines Percentage refrigerated

beverage

vendin g machines Outdoor beverage vending

machines Percent

located

o utdoor s

UNCC Charlotte,

N orth

Carolina 189 126 67 24 19

UCLA Los Angeles

, California 350 199 * 57* 44 22

UT

- Austin Austin,

Texas 401 298 74 42 14

Columbia College Chicago

, Illinois 57 30 53 0 0

Johnson Community College Overland Park,

Kansas 67 38 57 0 0

Miami University Oxford,

Ohio 42 20 48 0 0

Average 1106 711 64 110 1 6

* Data on the number of refrigerated beverage vending machines at UCLA was not available, so DOE used the

median BVM percentage across the other colleges as its best estimate.

In chapter 7 of the 2009 Final Rule TSD, a simulation model was developed to estimate the energy consumption of equipment class B machine s in different ambient temperature and relative humidity e nvironments. Results from these simulations showed a very linear behavior in

outdoor AEC versus DEC ( indoor test condition ) for each refrigerated volume category , so DOE adopted a linear model to capture the relationship between the DEC and outdoor AEC for equipment class B machines, which is depicted in Figure 7.3

. 4

.7

- 9 Figure 7.3

. 4 Relationship between Annual Energy Consumption and Daily Energy Consumption for Outdoor BVM Equipment Class B

The relationshi p between DEC and outdoor AEC for equipment class B can be

summarized as:

AEC = k • DEC (1)

W here:

A EC = a nnual energy consumption in kWh/year,

DEC = d aily energy consumption in kWh/day, and

k = s caling factor

.

The R 2 values of the three regression fits were very high (>0.98). Including a n intercept to

e quation (1) increased the R 2 values slightly but introduced a needless complication that did not have a sufficiently strong physical rationale to justify its use . There fore, the simpler approach of a proportional relationship was retained for the purpose of this analysis. y = 288.25x R2 = 0.9825

y = 293.18x R2 = 0.9818

y = 298.39x R2 = 0.9865

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700

3.6 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.1**Annual Energy Consumption (kWh/year)**

**Daily Energy Consumption (kWh/day)** 

## Outdoor Class B Machines: **Annual Energy Consumption** 

Large Outdoor Medium Outdoor Small Out
Linear (Large Outdoor) Linear (Medium Outdoor) Linear (Small Out)7

- 10 Using a single value of the refrigerated volume enables the use of a single scaling factor across all size categories, rather than using a scaling fac tor for each size category. Because the scaling factors obtained for the three size categories varied by less than four percent, a single scaling factor multiplied by the weighted

- average of DEC values based on market share will give

an estimate that is very close to that obtained using individual size

- dependent scaling factors

.

With regard to the estimation of AEC using DEC for equipment class B (outdoor) based on a linear model described by equation (1), DOE decided to use a weighted

- average value for the scaling factor based on the market share percentage s for each size class, as discussed in

section 7.3.1

. The reference value for the scaling factor can be expr essed as:

k ref = ∑ p i k i i ∈ { s

, m

, l } ( 2 )

W here:

s, m and l are abbreviations for small, medium

, and large

, p i = market share of refrigerated beverage vending machine s of i size expressed a s a ratio ( Table 7.3

. 1 ),

k

i = scaling factor for a refrigerated beverage vending machine of i size, and ∑ p i

i ∈ { s

, m

, l } = 1

.

DOE determined that k ref is equal to 29 1

. 4 5 using equation (3).

For the Combination BVM equipment class subcategory Combo B, DOE assumed the same scaling factor k ref as for equipment class B.

DOE accounts for meteorological and climatic variations across the United States through the

use of location

- specific adjustment factor s. Each state (plus the District of Columbia) has an adjustment factor that is multiplied by the AEC obtained using Equation ( 1 ) to give the outdoor AEC

for equipment class B machines of a given size a nd efficiency level for that state. Each adjustment factor is given by dividing the outdoor AEC for each state by the national average AEC reported in

Tables 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 of the 2009 BVM Final Rule TSD. Table 7.3

. 5 l ists the adjustment factors

obtained from simulation model data from the 2009 BVM Final Rule for small

- , medium

- , and large

- sized equipment class B machine s conforming to the current efficie ncy standard

. A weighted

- average adjustment factor

, again provided by the estimated market shares in each size

category

, is also shown. For Combination BVM equipment class subcategory Combo B, DOE used the same weighted

- average adjustment factors as for eq uipment class B.7

- 11 Table 7.3

. 5 Adjustment Factor s for Equipment Class B Refrigerated Beverage Vending

Machines at Current Standard by State and District of Columbia

Location Small Medium Large Weighted Average

Alabama

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

District of Columbia

Florida Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine Maryland

Massachusetts Michigan

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee 1.083

0.786

1.162

1.057

1.025

0.906

0.931

0.967

0.963

1.210

1.065

1.256

0.892

0.925

0.949

0.917

0.984

0.974

1.131

0.873

0.973

0.913

0.897

0.885

1.088

0.988

0.866

0.942

1.031

0.884

0.959

0.969

0.942

1.023

0.867

0.923

1.038

0.924

0.938

0.918

1.057

0.896

1.038 1.096

0.757

1.179

1.067

1.031

0.890

0.922

0.964

0.957

1.240

1.075

1.289

0.875

0.913

0.942

0.905

0.982

0.971

1.151

0.854

0.970

0.901

0.882

0.868

1.100

0.987

0.847

0.932

1.030

0.866

0.954

0.961

0.935

1.027

0.848

0.913

1.044

0.919

0.929

0.909

1.065

0.880

1.045 1.107

0.734

1.196

1.074

1.034

0.878

0.913

0.960

0.952

1.268

1.082

1.321

0.861

0.905

0.936

0.896

0.980

0.968

1.167

0.839

0.966

0.890

0.871

0.857

1.110

0.987

0.831

0.927

1.030

0.853

0.948

0.955

0.927

1.029

0.835

0.904

1.049

0.908

0.921

0.898

1.073

0.870

1.050 1.100

0.750

1.185

1.069

1.031

0.886

0.919

0.963

0.956

1.250

1.077

1.301

0.871

0.911

0.940

0.903

0.981

0.970

1.156

0.850

0.969

0.898

0.879

0.866

1.103

0.987

0.842

0.931

1.030

0.863

0.952

0.959

0.932

1.027

0.844

0.910

1.046

0.914

0.926

0.905

1.068

0.877

1.0467

- 12 Location Small Medium Large Weighted Average

Texas

Utah

Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia

Wisconsin Wyoming 1.125

0.930

0.880

0.989

0.902

0.957

0.886

0.857 1.144

0.917

0.864

0.987

0.893

0.951

0.871

0.835 1.159

0.907

0.851

0.986

0.880

0.945

0.858

0.818 1.148

0.914

0.860

0.987

0.887

0.949

0.867

0.830

The final AEC for equipment class B and Combo B refrigerated beverage vending

machine s for each location is a weighted average of the out door and indoor AEC estimates

. As

discussed earlier in this section, DOE assumed that 16 percent of all refrigerated be verage vending machine s are installed out doors. Hence, the AEC for each location can be expressed as:

AEC loc = α • AEC loc

,outdoor + (1

- α ) • AEC loc ,indoor ( 3 )

W here:

AEC loc = a nnual energy consumption for location in kWh/year,

AEC loc , indoor = i ndoor a nnual energy consumption for location in kWh/year,

AEC loc , outdoor = o utdoor annual energy consumption for location in kWh/year,

DEC = d aily energy consumption in kWh/day, and

α = 0.16

.

7.4 ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

This section reports the estimated AEC calculated using the methodology described in previous sections for all equipment classes at selected efficiency levels. Table 7.4

. 1 presents the

AEC for equipment class es A and B , while Table 7.4

. 2 presents the AEC for the Combination equipment class . The value s in the t able s refer to weighted average s calculated using estimated

market share s

.7

- 13 Table 7.4

. 1 Annual Energy Consumption for Equipment Class A and B Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machin e s
Equipment Class A ( 29.6 cu. ft.) Equipment Class B (2 3 .4 cu. ft.)

Efficiency

level Percentage of

b aseline e nergy

u se Annual energy consumptio n

(kWh/yr) Percentage of

b aseline e nergy

u se Annual energy consumptio n

(kWh/yr)

EL 0 (Baseline) 100 15 25 100 1 7 17

EL 1 95 14 48 95 163 1

EL2 90 137 2 90 154 5

EL3 85 1 296 85 14 59

EL4 80 122 0 80 137 3

EL5 75 114 4 75 12 88

EL6 70 10 67 70 120 2

EL7 65 99 1 65 111 6

EL8 60 91 5 60 103 0

EL9 57 (HFC)

5 9 (CO 2 ) 8 69 (HFC)

90 0 (CO 2 ) 55 94 4

EL10 50 8 58

EL11 49 (HFC only) 8 4 17

- 14 Table 7.4

. 2 Annual Energy Consumption for Combination Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machines

Combo A ( Refrigerated volume 10.3 cu. ft.) Combo B ( Refrigerated volume 4.3 cu. ft.)

Efficiency

level Percentage of

b aseline e nergy

u se Annual energy consumptio n

(kWh/yr) Percentage of

b aseline e nergy

u se Annual energy consumptio n

(kWh/yr)

EL 0 (Baseline) 100 222 2 100 17 1 8

EL 1 90 2000 90 154 6

EL 2 80 177 8 80 137 4

EL 3 70 155 6 70 1203

EL 4 60 1333 60 1031

EL 5 55 1222 55 945

EL 6 50 1111 50 8 59

EL7 45 1000 45 77 3

EL8 40 88 9 4 1 70 4

EL9 35 77 8

EL10 30 66 7

EL11 29 644