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### Overview

### Also in this Section:

                          - 2010 Overview
                          - 2000 Overview
                          - 1990 Overview
                          - 1980 Overview
                          - 1970 Overview
                          - 1960 Overview
                          - 1950 Overview
                          - 1940 Overview
                          - 1930 Overview
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                          - 1910 Overview
                          - 1900 Overview
                          - 1890 Overview
                          - 1880 Overview
                          - 1870 Overview
                          - 1860 Overview
                          - 1850 Overview
                          - 1840 Overview
                          - 1830 Overview
                          - 1820 Overview
                          - 1810 Overview
                          - 1800 Overview
                          - 1790 Overview

## 1850 Overview

### 1850

Zachary Taylor was President of the United Stateson Census Day, June 1, 1850.

#### Authorizing Legislation

In March 1849, Congress enacted a bill establishing a census board whose membership consisted of the secretary of state, the attorney general, and the postmaster general. The law authorized this board to prepare and cause to be printed such forms and schedules as may be necessary for the full enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States; it also authorized the board to prepare forms and schedules for collecting information on mines, agriculture, commerce, manufactures, education, and other topics, as well as "exhibit a full view of the pursuits, industry, education, and resources of the country."

The seventh census was governed by the provisions of an act of May 23, 1850 that directed that six schedules be used to collect the information requested by the Congress.  The act directed enumerators to return their results to the secretary of the interior by November 1, 1850.

#### Enumeration

The number of population inquiries grew in the 1850 census. Every free person's name was to be listed, not just the head of the household. The marshals also collected additional "social statistics," including information on taxes, schools, crime, wages, value of the estate, etc. and data on mortality.

Each marshal was also responsible for subdividing his district into "known civil divisions," such as counties, townships, or wards, and   ensuring that his assistants' returns were completed properly.

#### Further Information

                        - A wide variety of historical statistics from this and other decades is available in  **Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970** .  It is available as a  PDF  [74.4MB] or 2-part ZIP file:  Part I  [52.2MB] |  Part II  [66.1MB].
                        - Reports and statistics from the 1850 census .
                        - History and Growth of the United States Census: 1790-1890  [PDF 117MB], by Carroll D. Wright and William C. Hunt.
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