IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

DELMARVA POLE BUILDING :

SUPPLY, INC., :

 :

 Plaintiff, : C.A. No. K18C-11-022 JJC

 : In and for Kent County

v. :

 :

DAVIS RICHARDSON, :

 :

 Defendant. :

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

Submitted: May 7, 2019

Decided: May 28, 2019

Upon Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss: GRANTED

Nicole M. Faries, Esquire, Baird Mandalas Brockstedt, LLC, Wilmington, 

Delaware, Attorney for Plaintiff.

Veronica O. Faust, Esquire, Morris James, LLP, Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, 

Attorney for Defendant.

Clark, J.
2

Defendant Davis Richardson (hereinafter “Mr. Richardson”) is a Maryland 

resident who moves to dismiss Plaintiff Delmarva Pole Building Supply, Inc.’s 

(hereinafter “Delmarva’s”) complaint pursuant to Superior Court Civil Rule 12(b)(2) 

for lack of personal jurisdiction. The record demonstrates that Mr. Richardson’s 

contact with Delmarva in Delaware was limited to telephone calls and emails. The 

parties met regarding the contract in Maryland, they executed the contract in 

Maryland, and performance by Delmarva occurred in Maryland. Under the 

circumstances of this case, the Court does not have personal jurisdiction over Mr. 

Richardson. Accordingly, Delmarva’s motion to dismiss the matter must be 

GRANTED.

PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND, ARGUMENTS OF THE PARTIES, 

AND FACTS OF RECORD

The facts of record are those alleged in the complaint and those referenced in 

the documents and affidavits submitted by the parties. Mr. Richardson and 

Delmarva contracted for Delmarva to build a pole barn at Mr. Richardson’s property 

in Easton, Maryland. Mr. Richardson is a resident of Maryland, and Delmarva is a 

Delaware corporation whose principal place of business is in Wyoming, Delaware. 

All personal contact between the two parties occurred in Maryland, and the parties 

executed the contract in Maryland. Furthermore, Delmarva presented a Maryland 

business license number applicable to the Maryland construction job. After 

Delmarva constructed the building, Mr. Richardson allegedly breached the contract 

by refusing to pay the amount owed. Delmarva then sued Mr. Richardson in 

Delaware for breach of contract and unjust enrichment. Mr. Richardson next moved 

to dismiss the Delaware suit for lack of personal jurisdiction. 

In his motion to dismiss, Mr. Richardson argues that none of his alleged 

actions fit within the criteria of Delaware’s Long-Arm Statute, found at 10 Del. C. § 
3

3104 (hereinafter the “Statute”). He also argues that even if he engaged in an act 

enumerated in the Statute, his contacts with Delaware would not constitute a 

“substantial enough connection with this State to make exercise of jurisdiction over 

the defendant reasonable.”1 

Delmarva counters that Mr. Richardson’s solicitation of a Delaware company 

to complete the Maryland project fits several of the Statute’s criteria. It also argues 

that Mr. Richardson possessed the necessary minimum contacts with Delaware to 

invoke jurisdiction. Namely, it argues that Delaware workers and materials were 

used when constructing the building, the building location in Maryland was only 

23.2 miles from the Delaware state line, and Mr. Richardson caused them injury. 

Accordingly, Delmarva argues that subjecting Mr. Richardson to suit in Delaware 

would not violate notions of fair play and justice. 

In advancing their positions regarding jurisdiction, the parties stipulated that 

discovery on the issue of personal jurisdiction was unnecessary. However, both 

parties requested leave to submit affidavits to develop an evidentiary record on the 

issue. The parties also filed supplemental letter memoranda in support of their 

positions.2

 

1

See Jackson v. McDowell, 1986 WL 6587, at *4 (Del. Super. May 30, 1986) (discussing 

defendant’s direct conduct in Delaware, including meeting with two people to review direct mail 

material and coming to Wilmington on seven occasions to discuss campaign strategy, as “not of 

sufficient quality to justify the assumption of jurisdiction in this case.”).

2

In a March 22, 2019, Order, the Court notified the parties it intended to convert the motion to 

dismiss to one for summary judgment because the parties relied upon matters outside the pleadings. 

Rather than evaluating the matter as one for summary judgment, the matter is appropriately 

evaluated as a motion to dismiss. See Tell v. Roman Catholic Bishops of Diocese of Allentown, 

2010 WL 1691199, at *3 (Del. Super. Apr. 26, 2010) (recognizing that “[c]onsideration of 

affidavits on a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction is now an accepted part of this 

state’s jurisprudence.”). Considering the motion to be one for summary judgment would 

inappropriately shift the burden to the defendant in a matter where the plaintiff bears the burden 

to establish jurisdiction. This correction of the record to reflect that the Court is evaluating the 

matter through the lens of a Rule 12(b)(2) motion does not unfairly prejudice either party. The 

parties requested the Court’s decision regarding personal jurisdiction to be based upon the 

complaint, affidavits, and contractual documents submitted. 
4

When viewed in the light most favorable to Delmarva, the record

demonstrates that Mr. Richardson called Delmarva to inquire about a building. The 

sales representative then travelled to Maryland and met him to discuss the potential 

project. By phone, Mr. Richardson then called the sales representative in Delaware 

and requested that she send him an architectural drawing for the building. Delmarva 

prepared it and emailed it to him. After several subsequent emails, Delmarva again 

sent a second sales representative to Maryland where the parties executed the 

contract. Delmarva prepared the building materials in Delaware, drove them to 

Maryland, and then erected the building in Maryland. While Mr. Richardson never 

travelled to Delaware in relation to the contract, he called and emailed Delmarva 

several times. He also mailed checks to Delaware for payment. According to two 

Delmarva sales representatives offering affidavits, Mr. Richardson emailed 

Delmarva nine to ten times, and called Delmarva three to four times. Thereafter, all 

contact between the parties during construction occurred in Maryland, and not 

Delaware. 

STANDARD APPLICABLE TO A RULE 12(B)(2) MOTION TO 

DISMISS

In Delaware, a plaintiff has no requirement to allege facts in the complaint to 

establish personal jurisdiction.

3

 However, when personal jurisdiction is challenged 

in a motion to dismiss, the plaintiff bears the burden of proof to establish a basis for 

long-arm jurisdiction.4 Since the plaintiff retains the evidentiary burden to prove his 

 

3 Hart Holding Co., Inc. v. Drexel Burnham Lambert Inc., 593 A.2d 535, 538 (Del. Ch. 1991) 

(citing 5A Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 1363 (3d 

ed. 1998)).

4

Jackson, 1986 WL 6587, at *1.
5

or her case, the plaintiff may ordinarily undertake reasonable discovery to aid such 

proof.5 

A trial court has discretion to shape the procedure necessary to resolve a Rule 

12(b)(2) motion to dismiss.

6

 Since the central question is one of fact, a trial court 

may hold a preliminary hearing and determine the necessary facts, or it may decide 

the matter on affidavits alone.7 The trial court also has the discretion to defer the 

decision until the parties complete focused discovery or full discovery.8 Only when

the facts alleged in the complaint clearly demonstrate that claimed personal 

jurisdiction over a defendant is frivolous, may the trial court preclude reasonable 

discovery in aid of establishing personal jurisdiction.9

To determine whether the Court has jurisdiction over a defendant, it employs 

a two-prong test. First, it must consider whether the Statute confers jurisdiction and 

authorizes service of process on the defendant.10 Second, if the Court determines 

that the defendant’s conduct falls within one of the enumerated categories,11 the 

Court must evaluate whether the plaintiff demonstrates that subjecting the defendant 

to jurisdiction in Delaware does not violate the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth 

Amendment.12 Compliance with Due Process is satisfied via “the so-called 

minimum contacts requirement,” because when a non-resident defendant has 

sufficient minimum contacts with Delaware, that non-resident “should reasonably 

anticipate being required to defend [himself or herself] in Delaware’s courts.”13

 

5 Hart, 593 A.2d at 539.

6

Id.

7

Id.

8

Id.

9

Id.

10 Eagle Force Holdings, LLC v. Campbell, 187 A.3d 1209, 1228 (Del. 2018).

11 Jackson, 1986 WL 6587, at *1.

12 Eagle Force Holdings, 187 A.3d at 1228.

13 Id. (internal citations omitted).
6

ANALYSIS

Delmarva argues that Mr. Richardson’s act of soliciting it to perform work in 

Maryland was sufficient to subject him to personal jurisdiction in Delaware. 

Delmarva argues that Mr. Richardson’s actions fall within three categories in the 

Statute. Namely, it alleges that he “(1) [t]ransact[ed] any business. . . in the State,”

. . . (3) [c]ause[d] tortious injury in the State by an act or omission in this State”. . . 

[and] (4) [c]ause[d] tortious injury in the State or outside of the State by an act or 

omission outside of the State [because he] solicit[ed] business. . . in the State.”14 To 

satisfy the Statute’s requirements, only one of these qualifying actions is necessary. 

As a threshold matter, Delmarva’s complaint includes a breach of contract 

claim and an unjust enrichment claim. Accordingly, the only relevant prong of the 

Statute, is the one that enables suit and service of process if Mr. Richardson 

transacted “any business. . . in the State.” Paragraph (c)(3) and (c)(4) of the Statute, 

described above, apply to persons causing “tortious injury.” Delmarva does not raise 

a tort claim. 

Consequently, the focus here is whether Mr. Richardson’s calls and emails 

from Maryland to Delaware regarding a single construction project demonstrates

that he “transacted any business. . . in the State.”15 The parties signed the contract 

in Maryland, Mr. Richardson did not travel to Delaware, and Delmarva built the pole 

barn in Easton, Maryland. As a consequence, there are no material facts of record 

other than Mr. Richardson’s calls and emails that support personal jurisdiction over 

Mr. Richardson. 

Delmarva relies primarily on two cases in support of its argument. Both have 

Delaware contacts greater than those present in the case at hand and are 

distinguishable. First, Delmarva argues that this case is similar to Mid-Atlantic 

 

14 10 Del. C. § 3104(c).

15 See 10 Del. C. § 3104(c)(1).
7

Machine & Fabric v. Chesapeake Shipbuilding, Inc., where the Superior Court 

found a defendant to be subject to Delaware personal jurisdiction.16 In that decision, 

the Superior Court examined whether a Connecticut defendant that solicited business 

from a Delaware corporation to perform work in Maryland, conferred jurisdiction 

on Delaware courts.17 As is relevant in the present case, the court focused on 

whether the defendant’s actions amounted to “transacting any business” in 

Delaware.18 Similarly to the case at hand, the Connecticut defendant had no place 

of business in Delaware, the negotiation and execution of the contract occurred in 

Maryland, and all contracted-for operations were completed in Maryland.19 Unlike 

the case at hand, however, (1) the Connecticut defendant’s representatives 

personally appeared in the plaintiff’s Delaware office to present its plans and 

specifications, and (2) the approval to commence the work also took place in the 

plaintiff’s Delaware office.20 Because the situs of execution of the contract was in 

Delaware, the Court found that it had jurisdiction over the out-of-state defendant 

pursuant to 10 Del. C. § 3104(c)(1).21 In contrast, Mr. Richardson never appeared 

in Delaware and did not execute a contract in Delaware, which makes the MidAtlantic decision distinguishable.

Second, Delmarva relies on the District of Delaware case, Wilmington Supply 

Co. v. Worth Plumbing & Heating, Inc.

22

 There, a Delaware corporation sued a 

Pennsylvania corporation for unpaid plumbing and heating supplies.23 There, unlike 

the single transaction at issue in this case, the out-of-state defendant created an open 

 

16 492 A.2d 250 (Del. Super. 1985).

17 Mid-Atlantic, 492 A.2d at 252.

18 See 10 Del. C. § 3104(c)(1); Mid-Atlantic, 492 A.2d at 253 (“Thus, if jurisdiction lies under § 

3104, it must be pursuant to paragraph (1) of subsection (c).”).

19 Mid-Atlantic, 492 A.2d at 252.

20 Id.

21 Id. at 256.

22 505 F.Supp. 777 (D. Del. 1980).

23 Wilmington Supply, 505 F. Supp. at 778.
8

running credit account and it telephonically placed more than five hundred orders 

for plumbing and heating supplies with the Delaware company.

24

 The supplies were 

delivered to defendant at various construction sites in Pennsylvania, but the

defendant visited Delaware on multiple occasions to either pick up or return some 

of the supplies to the plaintiff’s location in Delaware.25 As a result, the court found 

that the defendant satisfied 10 Del C. § 3104(c)(1)’s criteria, because it transacted 

business in Delaware.26 Unlike the case at hand, placing more than five hundred 

orders with a Delaware company and repeated physical visits to the Delaware 

plaintiff’s place of business constituted transacting business in Delaware. 

The facts bearing upon jurisdiction in this case align more closely with two 

cases that Mr. Richardson cites. First, in Fischer v. Hilton,

27 the Delaware District 

Court held that it did not have personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant 

who sold a faulty truck to a Delaware plaintiff.28 There, a Delaware resident 

approached the defendant at his Ohio business and offered to buy a used truck.29 

The parties executed the contract in Ohio, and the plaintiff accepted delivery of the 

truck in Ohio.30 Like in the case at hand, the Ohio defendant called the plaintiff in 

Delaware regarding the transaction.31 Nevertheless, the court held that the Delaware 

Long-Arm Statute does not apply to a contract executed and performed substantially 

out of state.32 The court further held that “[a]lthough isolated phone calls arguably 

may be related to the constitutional due process question, . . . such phone calls do 

 

24 Id.

25 Id. at 778-79.

26 Id. at 781.

27 549 F.Supp. 389 (D. Del. 1982).

28 Fischer, 549 F.Supp. at 393.

29 Id. at 390.

30 Id.

31 Id.

32 Id. at 391.
9

not constitute a transacting of business within the State of Delaware for purposes of 

subsection (c)(1) [of the Long-Arm Statute].”

33

Second, in Blue Ball Properties, Inc. v. McClain,

34 the District of Delaware 

likewise found no personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant in a breach of 

contract action.35 In Blue Ball, the court held an evidentiary hearing to decide the 

issue.

36

 In doing so, it emphasized the fact-specific nature of the inquiry. There, the 

sole contact that defendant had with Delaware was that he signed the contract in 

Delaware.37 The parties negotiated the contract in Maryland and performance 

occurred in Maryland.

38

 Here, unlike the facts relevant to the court’s decision in 

Blue Ball, Mr. Richardson did not sign the contract in Delaware. In fact, the 

evidence of record does not establish that he has ever visited Delaware. The Blue 

Ball decision also supports a finding of lack of jurisdiction over Mr. Richardson. 

The Court finds persuasive New York’s approach to interpreting their longarm statute’s equivalent provision. Two federal cases applying New York law 

examined contacts that were limited to telephone calls from outside the State of New 

York into the State of New York. Those cases held that such solicitations alone were

not sufficient to constitute the transaction of business. 

First, the Southern District of New York in Tyco Intern. Ltd. v. Walsh,

39

recognized that

[g]enerally, telephone contacts between a nondomiciliary 

defendant and a New York party are insufficient by themselves 

to confer jurisdiction under [New York’s equivalent provision to 

paragraph (c)(1) in Delaware’s Statute]. A nondomiciliary 

defendant will be subject to jurisdiction. . ., however, if the 

 

33 Id. (emphasis added).

34 658 F.Supp. 1310 (D. Del. 1987).

35 Blue Ball, 658 F.Supp. at 1312.

36 Id.

37 Id. at 1316.

38 Id.

39 2003 WL 553580 (S.D.NY. Feb. 27, 2003).
10

defendant uses these telephone communications to deliberately 

“project” himself into business transactions occurring within the 

State. . . In order for these telephone contacts to sustain 

jurisdiction, the defendant must do more than place an order or 

engage in business negotiations regarding a contract whose 

center of gravity is outside the state. Rather, he must use the 

“telephone link” as a means of projecting himself into the “local 

commerce” of the state.40

In the Tyco case, a New Jersey defendant negotiated a deal with a New York 

plaintiff, through multiple telephone calls.41 All other circumstances relevant to 

jurisdiction involved activity outside New York.42 The court, in dismissing the 

matter for lack of jurisdiction, did not find telephone calls alone sufficient to warrant

a finding that the defendant had transacted business within New York.43

Similarly, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals decision in Fiedler v. First 

City National Bank of Houston,

44 recognized that telephone solicitations alone 

regarding a single contract are insufficient to confer jurisdiction under New York’s 

long-arm statute.45 In that decision, the Second Circuit cited a string of New York 

cases recognizing that “New York courts have consistently refused to sustain 

§302(a)(1) jurisdiction solely on the basis of defendant’s communication from 

another locale with a party in New York.”46

In the case at hand, there is no meaningful difference between a telephone 

solicitation regarding an isolated contract and an email solicitation regarding one. 

Notwithstanding Mr. Richardson’s calls and emails in this case, the center of gravity 

of the Maryland construction job was in Maryland. Had Mr. Richardson engaged in 

 

40 Tyco Intern., 2003 WL 553580, at *4.

41 Id. at *1.

42 Id.

43 Id. at *4.

44 807 F.2d 315 (2d Cir. 1986).

45 Fiedler, 807 F.2d at 317-18.

46 Id. at 318 (citations omitted).
11

a course of dealing with Delmarva regarding multiple contracts, or had he physically

visited Delmarva’s Delaware facility, the result in this case may have been different. 

Likewise, the result may have been different had he not signed the contract in 

Maryland, or had he not limited his meetings with Delmarva representatives to 

meeting sites in Maryland. Such circumstances, however, are not present. As a 

consequence, the Court does not find that Mr. Richardson transacted business in the 

State of Delaware. Since Delmarva is unable to demonstrate that its suit meets the 

first prong of the two-prong personal jurisdiction test, the Court need not address the 

second prong by examining whether extending personal jurisdiction would

otherwise satisfy Due Process.

47

 

CONCLUSION

For the reasons discussed, Mr. Richardson’s motion to dismiss for lack of 

personal jurisdiction must be GRANTED. Because the merits of Delmarva’s claims

have not been addressed, this dismissal is without prejudice to Delmarva’s ability to 

refile the case in an appropriate court. 

IT IS SO ORDERED. 

/s/Jeffrey J Clark

 Judge

JJC:jb

Via File & Serve Xpress

 

47 See Eagle Force Holdings, 187 A.3d at 1228.