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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

Docket No. 38760

IN THE MATTER OF THE ESTATES OF

CAROL BAILEY AND FRANCIS

ANDREW BAILEY, DECEASED.

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F. KIM BAILEY, Personal representative of

THE ESTATES OF CAROL BAILEY and

FRANCIS ANDREW BAILEY,

 Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

KERRY BAILEY, KYLE BAILEY, and

TAMARA BAILEY SIPE,

 Defendants-Respondents. 

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Boise, June 2012 Term

2012 Opinion No. 116 

Filed: August 9, 2012

Stephen Kenyon, Clerk

Appeal from the District Court of the Seventh Judicial District of the State of

Idaho, Bonneville County. Hon. Jon J. Shindurling, District Judge. Hon. L. Mark 

Riddoch, Magistrate Judge.

The decision of the district court is affirmed.

Denman & Reeves, Idaho Falls, for appellant. 

Thomsen Stephens Law Offices, PLLC, Idaho Falls, for respondents. 

 _______________________________________________

ON THE BRIEFS

HORTON, Justice.

This appeal arises out of a dispute regarding the requirements for determining whether a 

claimed amount of attorney fees is reasonable. After extended litigation to settle his parents’ 

estate, Kim Bailey (Bailey), the estate’s personal representative, asked the magistrate court for an 

award of attorney fees from estate funds, pursuant to Idaho Code § 15-3-720. The magistrate 

court found that Bailey was entitled to reasonable fees to be determined under I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3) 

and ordered Bailey to provide an accounting of his attorney fees, including the time his attorney 

spent providing legal services. Bailey’s attorney notified the court that he was unable to comply 
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with the order, explaining that he did not keep time records because the attorney-client contract 

expressly stated that the fee would not be based upon an hourly rate, but upon the attorney’s 

opinion of the reasonable worth of his services. The beneficiaries of the estate (the Beneficiaries) 

challenged the sufficiency of the accounting. The magistrate court denied Bailey’s request for 

fees and concluded that without time records it could not determine a reasonable fee amount in 

compliance with I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3)(A). The district court upheld the denial of fees, and Bailey 

timely appealed. We affirm.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

The district court set forth the factual background to this litigation in its order on appeal:

Carol Bailey died on April 11, 1998. Decedent Francis A. Bailey died on 

September 22, 2006. Survivors and heirs of the couple were their children, F. Kim 

Bailey, Kerry L. Bailey, Kyle J. Bailey and Tamara Lee Bailey Sipe.

Prior to Francis Bailey’s death, Kim Bailey resided in the Estate’s home 

with Francis Bailey. Following the death of Francis Bailey, Kim Bailey filed a

petition for informal probate of the Estate and was appointed as the personal 

representative. Pursuant to the wills of the decedents, the children were to share 

equally in the Estate with the exception of some specific [bequests] of some 

personal property. While there was some dispute among the heirs on how to 

liquidate the real property, the parties eventually entered into an agreement in 

April, 2008, whereby Kim purchased the property for $129,000.

The other children continued to claim that Kim owed the Estate for the fair 

rental value of the real property for the time Kim lived on the property following 

Francis Bailey’s death. A trial on the disputed issues was held in April 2008 and 

the magistrate entered its order in July 2008. Kim appealed that order to the 

district court, which, in a January 2009 order, remanded the case to the magistrate 

court to determine the proper rental value. The parties have continued to wrangle 

over various issues in the courts since that time.

Bailey retained an attorney to represent him in matters relating to the probate of the 

estate. The agreement between Bailey and his attorney provided that the attorney’s fee would be 

based upon the attorney’s belief as to the reasonable value of the services and “not based upon an 

hourly basis.” Bailey filed a final accounting and petition for distribution in which he sought, 

pursuant to Idaho Code § 15-3-720, to recover attorney fees he had incurred. In June 2009, the 

Beneficiaries petitioned the trial court for an accounting, “specifically separating attorney fees 

incurred representing [Bailey] personally in the claims and actions filed by petitioners from the 

attorney fees incurred by the estate in handling the estate matters.” The magistrate court ordered 

Bailey to file “a memorandum of fees and costs reflecting the work provided” to Bailey. In 

response, Bailey’s attorney filed a memorandum of costs that contained an itemized list of the 
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tasks he performed and listed his fee as a lump sum based upon the fee agreement. The 

Beneficiaries objected to the memorandum of costs based upon, among other things, the lack of a 

record of the time Bailey’s attorney spent providing the services.

Upon its review of the Beneficiaries’ objection, the magistrate court found that the 

memorandum of costs did not comply with I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3) and ordered Bailey to resubmit the 

memorandum of costs to comply with the Rule and to “specifically outline the basis for the 

claimed fees and [provide] specific information regarding the value of the particular services 

provided.” Bailey notified the court that he was unable to comply with the order because his 

attorney did not keep time records and moved for reconsideration of the order to resubmit the 

memorandum of costs. The magistrate court found that without time records of the attorney’s 

work, it could not determine a reasonable fee amount in compliance with I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3)(A) 

and denied both Bailey’s motion and his request for the estate to pay the attorney’s fee. On 

appeal, the district court affirmed the magistrate court’s denial of fees. Bailey appeals and asks 

this Court to remand with instructions for the trial court to determine reasonable attorney fees 

based upon the submitted information.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

When this Court reviews the decision of a district court sitting in its capacity as an 

appellate court, the standard of review is as follows:

The Supreme Court reviews the trial court (magistrate) record to determine 

whether there is substantial and competent evidence to support the magistrate’s 

findings of fact and whether the magistrate’s conclusions of law follow from 

those findings. If those findings are so supported and the conclusions follow 

therefrom and if the district court affirmed the magistrate’s decision, we affirm 

the district court’s decision as a matter of procedure.

Losser v. Bradstreet, 145 Idaho 670, 672, 183 P.3d 758, 760 (2008) (quoting Nicholls v. Blaser,

102 Idaho 559, 561, 633 P.2d 1137, 1139 (1981)). Thus, we do not review the magistrate court’s 

decisions. Rather, we are “procedurally bound to affirm or reverse the decisions of the district 

court.” State v. Korn, 148 Idaho 413, 415 n.1, 224 P.3d 480, 482 n.1 (2009).

We exercise free review over questions regarding the application of procedural rules.

Zenner v. Holcomb, 147 Idaho 444, 450, 210 P.3d 552, 558 (2009) (quoting Blaser v. Cameron, 

116 Idaho 453, 455, 776 P.2d 462, 464 (Ct. App. 1989)). However, the calculation of a

reasonable attorney fee is within the trial court’s discretion. Grease Spot, Inc. v. Harnes, 148 

Idaho 582, 586, 226 P.3d 524, 528 (2010) (citing I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3); Johannsen v. Utterbeck, 146 
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Idaho 423, 432, 196 P.3d 341, 350 (2008)). When deciding whether a trial court abused its 

discretion, the standard is “whether the court perceived the issue as one of discretion, acted 

within the outer boundaries of its discretion and consistently with the legal standards applicable 

to the specific choices available to it, and reached its decision by an exercise of reason.” Read v. 

Harvey, 147 Idaho 364, 369, 209 P.3d 661, 666 (2009) (citing Sun Valley Shopping Ctr. v. Idaho 

Power Co., 119 Idaho 87, 94, 803 P.2d 993, 1000 (1991)). “The burden is on the party opposing 

the award to demonstrate that the district court abused its discretion.” Johannsen, 146 Idaho at 

432, 196 P.3d at 350 (citing E. Idaho Agric. Credit Ass’n v. Neibaur, 133 Idaho 402, 412, 987 

P.2d 314, 324 (1999)).

III. ANALYSIS

As a preliminary matter, we note that the issue of whether the trial court erred in ordering 

Bailey’s attorney to submit time records is included in Bailey’s statement of issues on appeal. 

However, the district court made it clear in its order on appeal that the magistrate court’s order 

requiring Bailey to submit time records was not timely appealed and was therefore not properly 

before it. The parties did not challenge the district court’s ruling on this matter. Therefore,

because we only review the district court’s decision, the sole issue1 before this Court is whether 

the claim for attorney fees was properly denied because the trial court did not have records of the 

time the attorney spent performing the services for which fees were claimed.

A. The district court properly affirmed the magistrate court’s denial of attorney fees.

Bailey argues that in order to determine a reasonable attorney fee under Idaho Code § 15-

3-720, the trial court must consider the contract between Bailey and his attorney, as well as any

Rule 54(e)(3) factors that are not inconsistent with the contract. Bailey contends that because the

contract expressly provides that the attorney’s fee is not based upon billable hours, the trial court 

does not need time records to determine whether the claimed fee is reasonable. The district court 

determined that the magistrate court properly denied Bailey’s request for attorney fees because 

all of the Rule 54(e)(3) factors are applicable and Bailey did not present any evidence that the fee 

was reasonable.

 1 Bailey recites the remaining two issues as: (1) whether the court erred in determining that time records are required 

to establish whether attorney fees are reasonable, and (2) whether the court erred in determining that it cannot 

establish whether attorney fees are reasonable without time records. As the district court stated, these two issues are 

“functionally identical,” and are treated as one issue.
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1. Rule 54(e) provides the correct measure of reasonable attorney fees.

Idaho Code § 15-3-720 provides that if a “personal representative defends or prosecutes 

any proceeding in good faith, whether successful or not, he is entitled to receive from the estate 

his necessary expenses and disbursements including reasonable attorney’s fees incurred.” The 

Idaho Rules of Civil Procedure are applicable to a court’s determination of attorney fees awarded 

under Idaho Code § 15-3-720:

The provisions of this Rule 54(e) relating to attorney fees shall be applicable to all 

claims for attorney fees made pursuant to section 12-121, Idaho Code, and to any 

claim for attorney fees made pursuant to any other statute, or pursuant to any 

contract, to the extent that the application of this Rule 54(e) to such a claim for 

attorney fees would not be inconsistent with such other statute or contract.

I.R.C.P. 54(e)(8) (emphasis added). When a court makes a determination regarding the 

reasonableness of the amount of an award of attorney fees, it is to consider the factors set forth in

I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3). Sun Valley Potato Growers, Inc. v. Texas Refinery Corp., 139 Idaho 761, 769, 

86 P.3d 475, 483 (2004). The Rules further provide that “[i]n the event the court grants attorney 

fees to a party or parties in a civil action it shall consider the following factors in determining the 

amount of such fees: . . . .” I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3).2 By its use of the word “shall,” the language of 

Rule 54(e)(3) “is mandatory—it requires the court to consider all eleven factors plus any other 

factor the court deems appropriate.” Lettunich v. Lettunich, 141 Idaho 425, 435, 111 P.3d 110, 

120 (2005). Thus, the reasonableness of the amount of attorney fees requested under I.C. § 15-3-

720 is determined by the trial court’s application of all of the factors set forth in Rule 54(e)(3).

2. To properly determine reasonableness under Rule 54(e), a court must have sufficient 

information to consider the relevant factors.

Before a court may determine whether claimed attorney fees are reasonable, it must have 

enough information to properly consider the factors of Rule 54(e)(3). In Lettunich, this Court 

vacated an award of attorney fees because the affidavit submitted in support of the claim of fees 

 2 Those factors are:

(A) The time and labor required; (B) The novelty and difficulty of the questions; (C) The skill 

requisite to perform the legal service properly and the experience and ability of the attorney in the 

particular field of law; (D) The prevailing charges for like work; (E) Whether the fee is fixed or 

contingent; (F) The time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances of the case; (G) 

The amount involved and the results obtained; (H) The undesirability of the case; (I) The nature 

and length of the professional relationship with the client; (J) Awards in similar cases; (K) The 

reasonable cost of automated legal research (Computer Assisted Legal Research), if the court finds 

it was reasonably necessary in preparing a party’s case; and (L) Any other factor which the court 

deems appropriate in the particular case.

I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3)(A)-(L).
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addressed only one of the Rule 54(e)(3) factors “and asserted that the fees were ‘reasonably and 

necessarily incurred.’” 141 Idaho at 435, 111 P.3d at 120. The Court held that “[t]hese 

statements, plus the billing sheets showing how much was billed, do not equip the court with 

enough information to arrive at a reasonable award.” Id. In another case, this Court vacated a 

district court’s award of attorney fees where the party claiming fees refused to provide the 

attorney’s time sheets, holding that “a party seeking an award of attorney fees can claim 

privilege and not give up their time sheets, but it will foreclose an award of attorney fees because 

it prevents the trial court from properly determining the amount of the award.” Sun Valley Potato 

Growers, 139 Idaho at 769, 86 P.3d at 483 (citing Hackett v. Streeter, 109 Idaho 261, 264, 706 

P.2d 1372, 1375 (Ct. App. 1985)). The Court explained that:

If we require the trial court to consider the enumerated factors in rule 54(e)(3), 

then it logically follows as a corollary that the court must have sufficient 

information at its disposal concerning those factors. Some information may come 

from the court’s own knowledge and experience, some may come from the record 

of the case, but some obviously can only be supplied by the attorney of the party 

who is requesting the fee award.

Id. (quoting Hackett, 109 Idaho at 264, 706 P.2d at 1375). Thus, because a court must consider 

all of the Rule 54(e)(3) factors before awarding attorney fees, those fees are properly denied 

where the party claiming them does not provide the information necessary to permit the court to 

evaluate all of the factors.

Bailey argues that he was not required to provide time records because the fee agreement

completely describes the basis for the fee and thus the 54(e)(3) factors are inconsistent with the 

fee agreement and do not apply. However, Rule 54(e)(8) provides that the attorney fee provisions 

of Rule 54(e) apply only to the extent they are not inconsistent with the statute or contract that 

entitles the claimant to the fee award. In this case, the basis for Bailey’s claim for attorney fees is 

not the contract, it is Idaho Code § 15-3-720. The contract between Bailey and his attorney 

simply defines the attorney-client relationship and provides that Bailey will pay a fee, 

determined by his attorney, “based upon what [the attorney] believe[s] the services to be 

reasonably worth, and not based upon an hourly basis.” The statute provides the authority for the 

award of fees, and Rule 54(e) is not inconsistent with Idaho Code § 15-3-720 because the statute 

does not provide a means of determining a reasonable amount of fees. Therefore, we hold that

the trial court was required to consider all of the factors, including the attorney’s time and labor.
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This Court has held that precise and detailed time records are not always required in 

order for the trial court to consider the time and labor factor. For example, we affirmed an award 

of attorney fees where the award was challenged on the ground that the trial court could not 

properly consider I.R.C.P. 54(e)(3)(A) because the attorney did not submit time records. Parsons 

v. Mut. of Enumclaw Ins. Co., 143 Idaho 743, 748, 152 P.3d 614, 619 (2007). In that case, the 

attorney and client had a contingent fee agreement and therefore the attorney did not keep 

detailed time records. Id. However, the attorney provided the court an estimate of the total 

amount of time he spent representing the client, thereby permitting the court to consider the time 

and labor factor. Id.

Here, the magistrate court concluded, as a matter of law, that its determination of whether 

the claimed attorney fees were reasonable required it to consider all of the factors of I.R.C.P. 

54(e)(3). The court also determined that without some indication of the time the attorney spent 

providing the services on which the fees were based, it could not properly consider the time and 

labor factor of Rule 54(e)(3)(A). Significantly, the trial court’s order did not expressly require 

time sheets, it required only that Bailey “specifically outline the basis for the claimed fees and 

[provide] specific information regarding the value of particular services provided.” The district 

court, in affirming the magistrate court, also recognized that Bailey “could have possibly shown 

that the fees were reasonable through some means other than time logs.” Unlike in Parsons, 

Bailey did not provide even an estimate of the total time, nor any other information that would 

have permitted the trial court to determine the basis upon which the fee was calculated, and thus 

its reasonableness.3 Instead, like the claimant in Lettunich, Bailey asked the trial court to make 

an award of attorney fees based upon his attorney’s assertion that the fee was reasonable.4 And, 

 3 In this case, neither the Beneficiaries, nor the magistrate court, nor the district court dispute that Bailey is entitled 

to attorney fees. The only issue is whether the claimed amount is reasonable. We recognize that because the issue is 

merely the reasonableness of the fee amount, equity would normally dictate that Bailey be given an opportunity to 

submit additional information. However, the magistrate court in this case already gave him that opportunity. The 

magistrate court’s original order required Bailey to submit a memorandum of costs. Upon the Beneficiaries’ 

challenge to the memorandum of costs, the magistrate court gave Bailey another opportunity, ordering him to 

resubmit the memorandum with specific information about the value of the legal services, in compliance with 

54(e)(3). Bailey and his attorney made no effort to comply with the order, again asserting that the fee agreement 

controls. We find it unnecessary to provide Bailey with another opportunity to comply.

4 We note that this is not the first time Bailey’s attorney, Mr. Reeves, has asserted that his fees are per se reasonable.

In Frazee v. Frazee, this Court noted that “the record here indicates that Reeves merely sent a bill to his client, and 

that when such bill was not paid, Reeves attempted collection thereof from the opposing party . . . Reeves asserts 

that he may claim any sum in fees without the necessity of proving the reasonableness of such fees in an 

adjudicative process and that he may then levy against the property of the opposing party, who is a total stranger to 

the contract under which Reeves claims money.” 104 Idaho 463, 465, 660 P.2d 928, 930 (1983). We declined in that 
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just as in Sun Valley Potato Growers, the lack of time sheets in this case prevented the trial court 

from properly determining the reasonableness of the attorney’s fee. We therefore affirm the 

district court’s order affirming the judgment of the magistrate court.

B. Neither party is entitled to attorney fees on appeal.

Both Bailey and the Beneficiaries seek attorney fees on appeal pursuant to Idaho Code § 

12-121. Under section 12-121, only the prevailing party is entitled to attorney fees on appeal. 

This Court has stated that attorney fees on appeal are awarded under this statute when the Court 

is “left with an abiding belief that the appeal was brought, pursued, or defended frivolously, 

unreasonably, or without foundation.” Schmechel v. Dillé, 148 Idaho 176, 188, 219 P.3d 1192, 

1204 (2009) (citing Burns v. Baldwin, 138 Idaho 480, 487, 65 P.3d 502, 509 (2003)). Further, the 

party seeking fees must “support the claim with argument as well as authority.” Evans v. Sayler, 

151 Idaho 223, 228, 254 P.3d 1219, 1224 (2011) (citing Crump v. Bromley, 148 Idaho 172, 176, 

219 P.3d 1188, 1192 (2009)). Thus, a prevailing party that properly supports its request with

both authority and argument may be awarded attorney fees when the appeal is frivolous, 

unreasonable, or without foundation.

In this case, neither party has supported its request for fees with any argument. The 

Beneficiaries merely cite to the statute and state that the appeal was brought “frivolously,

unreasonably and without foundation.” Bailey provides even less argument, stating only that if 

he is the prevailing party, he “should be awarded his attorney’s fees on appeal, pursuant to § 12-

121 I.C.” Because neither party has provided argument in support of its claim, neither is entitled 

to attorney fees on appeal.

IV. CONCLUSION

We affirm the district court’s order dismissing the appeal and affirming the magistrate 

court’s denial of attorney fees. We award costs, but not attorney fees, to the Beneficiaries.

Chief Justice BURDICK and Justices EISMANN, J. JONES and W. JONES CONCUR.

 case to permit Reeves to prove reasonableness by assertion. Our opinion on this matter has not changed in the 

intervening 29 years.