State of California

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

Resolution 12-11

January 26, 2012

Agenda Item No.: 12-1-2

ADVANCED CLEAN CARS REGULATION PACKAGE:

“LEV III” AMENDMENTS TO THE CALIFORNIA GREENHOUSE GAS AND CRITERIA 

POLLUTANT EXHAUST AND EVAPORATIVE EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES AND TO THE ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 

FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES, AND 

TO THE EVAPORATIVE EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES

2012 AMENDMENTS TO THE CALIFORNIA ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLE PROGRAM 

REGULATIONS

2012 AMENDMENTS TO THE CLEAN FUELS OUTLET REGULATIONS

GENERAL

WHEREAS, sections 39600 and 39601 of California’s Health and Safety Code authorize 

the Air Resources Board (ARB or Board) to adopt standards, rules and regulations and 

to do such acts as may be necessary for the proper execution of the powers and duties 

granted to and imposed upon the Board by law;

WHEREAS, in section 43000 of the Health and Safety Code, the Legislature has 

declared that the emission of air pollutants from motor vehicles is the primary cause of 

air pollution in many parts of the State, and sections 39002 and 39003 of the Health and 

Safety Code charge the Board with the responsibility of air pollution control from motor 

vehicles;

WHEREAS, sections 43013, 43101, and 43104 of the Health and Safety Code 

authorizes the Board to adopt emission standards and test procedures to control air 

pollution caused by motor vehicles;

WHEREAS, section 43018(a) of the Health and Safety Code directs the Board to 

endeavor to achieve the maximum degree of emission reduction possible from vehicular 

and other mobile sources in order to accomplish the attainment of State ambient air 

quality standards at the earliest practicable date;
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WHEREAS, section 43018(c) of the Health and Safety Code provides that in carrying 

out section 43018, the Board shall adopt standards and regulations that will result in the 

most cost-effective combination of control measures on all classes of motor vehicles 

and motor vehicle fuel, including but not limited to reductions in motor vehicle exhaust 

and evaporative emissions, and reductions in in-use vehicular emissions through 

durability, performance improvements, and specification of vehicular fuel composition;

WHEREAS, section 39667 of the Health and Safety Code directs the Board to consider 

revisions to ARB’s emissions standards for vehicular sources to achieve the maximum 

possible reduction in public exposure to substances that the Board has identified as 

toxic air contaminants pursuant to section 39662 of the Health and Safety Code; such 

regulations affecting new motor vehicles are to be based on the most advanced 

technology feasible for the model-year and may include, but are not limited to, the 

required installation of vehicular control measures on new motor vehicles; 

WHEREAS, the Board’s California State Implementation Plan (SIP) for ozone 

establishes the State strategy for attaining the ambient air quality standard for ozone in 

all areas of the State as required by federal law; as part of the mobile source element 

developed by ARB, the SIP relies on the California Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) 

program to provide significant reductions of ozone precursor pollutant emissions from 

passenger cars and light-duty trucks; and to reach the 1997 ozone standard by the 

attainment date in 2023, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions in the greater Los Angeles 

region must be reduced by two-thirds, even after considering all of the regulations in 

place today with the most significant share of needed emission reductions coming from 

long-term advanced clean air technologies;

WHEREAS, California’s passenger cars and light-duty trucks are the single largest 

contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the State, producing approximately 30 

percent of all such emissions;

WHEREAS, California enacted Assembly Bill (AB) 1493 (Pavley) (codified at Health and 

Safety Code section 43018.5), which directs the Board to develop and adopt regulations 

that achieve the maximum feasible and cost-effective reductions of greenhouse gas 

emissions from motor vehicles, beginning with the 2009 model year;

WHEREAS, in recognition of the devastating impacts of climate change emissions on 

California, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, in June 2005, enacted Executive Order 

S-3-05 which established the following greenhouse gas emission targets:

• By 2010, reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels;

• By 2020, reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels; and

• By 2050, reduce greenhouse gas emission 80 percent below 1990 levels.

WHEREAS, the Legislature enacted the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 

2006 (AB 32; Health and Safety Code section 38500 et seq.), which declares that global 

warming poses a serious threat to the environment of California and creates a 
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comprehensive multi-year program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause 

global warming;

WHEREAS, in December 2008, the Board adopted a Scoping Plan to chart ARB’s 

course toward meeting the requirements of the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006;

and

WHEREAS, the AB 32 Scoping Plan identifies “California Light-Duty Vehicle 

Greenhouse Gas Standards,” which include both implementation of the current “Pavley”

standards and the development of the proposed “Pavley II light-duty vehicle standards,” 

as part of the “Recommended Greenhouse Gas Reduction Measures” for reducing 

California’s greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.

LOW-EMISSION VEHICLE REGULATIONS BACKGROUND

WHEREAS, in a 1998-1999 rulemaking, the Board adopted the “LEV II” amendments to

the California Low-Emission Vehicle (LEV) regulations, which include three primary 

elements: (1) tiers of exhaust emission standards for increasingly more stringent 

categories of low-emission light- and medium-duty vehicles and tightening standards on 

sport-utility vehicles; (2) a mechanism requiring each manufacturer to phase-in a 

progressively cleaner mix of vehicles from year to year with the option of credit trading; 

and (3) a requirement that a specified percentage of passenger cars and lighter lightduty trucks be zero-emission vehicles (ZEV);

WHEREAS, the LEV II regulations are contained primarily in title 13, California Code of 

Regulations, sections 1960.1 and 1961, which incorporates by reference the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles” and the “California 

Non-Methane Organic Gas Test Procedures”; section 1956.8, which incorporates by 

reference the "California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 

and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty Otto-Cycle Engines" and the "California Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2004 and Subsequent Model Heavy-Duty 

Diesel Engines and Vehicles”; section 1976, which incorporates by reference the 

"California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles”; section 1978 which incorporates by reference the

"California Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles”; and section 2235, which incorporates by reference 

the "Specifications for Fill Pipes and Openings of Motor Vehicle Fuel Tanks”; 

WHEREAS, under the LEV II regulations there are four low-emission vehicle categories 

to which a passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty vehicle are certified: LowEmission Vehicle (LEV), Ultra-Low-Emission Vehicle (ULEV), Super-Ultra-LowEmission Vehicle (SULEV), and ZEV;

WHEREAS, the LEV II regulations include separate standards for non-methane organic 

gas (NMOG) emissions and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions and establish fleet 
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average NMOG requirements to reduce emissions from new passenger cars and lightduty trucks;

WHEREAS, the full useful life durability requirement for LEV II vehicles is 120,000 

miles;

WHEREAS, Partial Zero-Emission Vehicles (PZEV) are SULEVs that receive partial 

ZEV credit, based on additional criteria set forth in the ZEV regulations, which may be 

used by a manufacturer to meet a portion of its ZEV obligation;

WHEREAS, the LEV II regulations establish supplemental federal test procedure 

(SFTP) standards for passenger cars and light-duty trucks, which account for more 

aggressive real world driving;

WHEREAS, the LEV II regulations establish zero fuel evaporative emission standards 

for passenger cars and light-duty trucks, which apply to vehicles receiving PZEV credits;

WHEREAS, second generation on-board diagnostics (OBD II) systems are comprised 

mainly of software designed into LEV vehicles’ on-board computer to detect emission 

control system malfunctions as they occur by monitoring virtually every component and 

system that can cause an increase in emissions;

WHEREAS, manufacturers recently approached ARB staff and requested OBD II 

regulation changes that they indicated were needed immediately in order to ensure 

compliance when they certify their 2013 model year vehicles;

WHEREAS, in response to the manufacturers’ requests, staff have agreed to minor

changes to the OBD II regulation, which would have negligible emission impact;

WHEREAS, in order to facilitate the marketing of substitute and new clean fuels, in 

1993 ARB developed a test procedure, titled “California Test Procedure for Evaluating 

Substitute Fuels and New Clean Fuels,” incorporated by reference in title 13, California 

Code of Regulations, section 2317, which was designed to assure that any proposed 

substitute or new clean fuel would not increase emissions from new and used vehicles;

WHEREAS, this fuels test procedure required a specific mix of model year vehicles and 

the emission standards to which they were to be certified to be included in the 

demonstration test fleet;

WHEREAS, the test fleet required in the fuels test procedure is no longer representative 

of vehicles operating on the road today; 

WHEREAS, in a 2004 – 2005 rulemaking, the Board adopted the “Pavley regulations,” 

which reduce greenhouse gas emissions from passenger vehicles by approximately 30 

percent between 2009 and 2016 by establishing a mechanism requiring each 
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manufacturer to phase-in a progressively cleaner mix of vehicles from year to year with 

the option of credit trading;

WHEREAS, the Pavley regulations are contained primarily in title 13, California Code of 

Regulations, section 1961.1, and in the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks 

and Medium-Duty Vehicles” incorporated by reference in section 1961;

WHEREAS, after Board approval in 2004, motor vehicle manufacturers and their trade 

associations challenged the Pavley regulations in numerous federal and State court 

proceedings and opposed California’s request for a U.S. EPA waiver of preemption 

under the federal Clean Air Act to allow California to enforce its adopted standards;

WHEREAS, on May 19, 2009, challenging parties, individual automakers, California, 

and the federal government memorialized commitments to undertake a series of actions 

to resolve those current and potential future disputes over the California standards 

through model year 2016;

WHEREAS, the May 19, 2009 commitment letters contained the following commitments 

and understandings: the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the 

U.S. Department of Transportation (NHTSA) would propose a federal program to 

reduce greenhouse gases and improve fuel economy, respectively, from passenger 

vehicles, to achieve equivalent or greater greenhouse gas benefits as the Pavley 

regulations for the 2012 – 2016 model years; manufacturers and related entities would 

ultimately drop current, and forego similar future legal challenges, including challenging 

a waiver grant (which occurred June 30, 2009 (74 Fed.Reg. 32744 (July 8, 2009)); and 

California would amend the 2009-2016 Pavley regulations to (1) allow manufacturers to 

demonstrate compliance with the fleet average greenhouse gas emission standard by 

“pooling” California, the District of Columbia, and Clean Air Act Section 177 State 

vehicle sales, (2) allow manufacturers to use emission data from the federal Corporate 

Average Fuel Economy program to demonstrate compliance with the 2009-2016 Pavley 

regulations, and (3) accept compliance with U.S. EPA-adopted equivalent greenhouse 

gas standards for 2012-2016 model years; 

WHEREAS, in September 2009, the Board approved amendments to the Pavley 

regulations to address commitments (1) and (2) above made by California; and in 

February 2010 the Board approved amendments to the Pavley regulations to address 

the third commitment ((3) above) made by California;

WHEREAS, the Board’s decision to modify the Pavley regulations to accept compliance 

with U.S. EPA-adopted greenhouse gas standards as compliance with California’s 

standards in the 2012 through 2016 model years was premised on U.S. EPA adopting a 

final rule that preserved the greenhouse gas reduction benefits of the Pavley regulations;

WHEREAS, on September 30, 2010, U.S. EPA and NHTSA issued a Notice of Intent to 

begin developing new standards for greenhouse gases and fuel economy for passenger

vehicles for the 2017 through 2025 model years;
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WHEREAS, on October 1, 2010, California agreed to work with the federal government 

for adoption of federal greenhouse gas emission standards that will meet California and 

our State partners’ needs, and will result in a national fleet of cleaner, more costeffective vehicles that will meet both federal and California emission requirements;

WHEREAS, California’s commitment to work with the federal government in no way 

relinquished California’s right to develop and adopt new greenhouse gas emission 

standards for 2017 and subsequent model passenger vehicles that are specific to 

California;

WHEREAS, on December 1, 2011 U.S. EPA and the federal Department of Transportation 

jointly issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for 2017 through 2025 model year 

passenger vehicles that proposes a coordinated federal greenhouse gas and fuel 

economy program for light-duty vehicles, referred to as the “2017 through 2025 MY 

National Program” (76 Fed. Reg. 74854 (December 1, 2011));

WHEREAS, the 2017 through 2025 MY National Program rule has not been finalized but 

U.S. EPA has stated that it is expected to be finalized by the end of July 2012;

WHEREAS, as part of the 2017 through 2025 MY National Program, U.S. EPA has 

committed to a mid-term evaluation of their 2022 through 2025 model year lightgreenhouse gas standard;

WHEREAS, it is staff’s intent to allow manufacturers to demonstrate compliance with 

California’s greenhouse gas regulations for the 2017 through 2025 model years by 

demonstrating compliance with the greenhouse gas requirements of the 2017 through 

2025 MY National Program, provided that U.S. EPA’s Final Rule does not weaken the 

proposed federal standards and the Program’s reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, 

except that California would maintain its own reporting requirements; 

WHEREAS, the California certification fuel used for testing exhaust and evaporative 

emissions on passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty 

gasoline engines and vehicles currently contains the oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl 

ether (MTBE) in the quantity of 10.8 to 11.2 volume percent (equivalent to 2.0 percent 

by weight);

WHEREAS, MTBE was banned for use in California gasoline starting December 31, 

2003, and resulting in ethanol becoming the prevalent oxygenate used in California 

gasoline to meet federal requirements;

WHEREAS, although California commercial gasoline currently contains 10 percent by 

volume ethanol (E10), California certification gasoline specifications continue to require 

using MTBE;

WHEREAS, currently all new vehicles sold in California must include a California 

Environmental Performance Label, as set forth in the "California Environmental 
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Performance Label Specifications for 2009 and Subsequent Model Year Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles," incorporated by 

reference in title 13, California Code of Regulations, section 1965, which provides 

consumers with a user-friendly scoring system for comparing the relative smog 

emissions and global warming emissions from comparable vehicles; and

WHEREAS, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Highway 

Traffic Safety Administration have revised the federal Fuel Economy and Environmental 

Label, in a manner that allows it to serve as an alternative to the California 

Environmental Performance Label.

ZERO-EMISSION VEHICLE REGULATIONS BACKGROUND

WHEREAS, the California Zero-Emission Vehicle (ZEV) regulation requires at least 

12 percent of the passenger cars and light-duty trucks produced by large or 

intermediate-volume manufacturers (LMV and IVM) and delivered for sale in California 

in 2012 to be ZEV credits, meaning credits from battery electric vehicles (BEV) and 

hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV);

WHEREAS, since its 1990 adoption, the ZEV regulation has been modified six times to 

better align the regulatory timeline and requirements with the status of ZEV technology 

and ZEV commercialization feasibility;

WHEREAS, at the March 2008 ZEV hearing, the Board directed staff to review the ZEV, 

LEV, and greenhouse gas programs from the perspective of being able to reduce 

smog-forming pollution, to address the problem of the State’s contribution to global 

warming, and to reduce California’s dependence on petroleum, and to redesign the 

2017 and beyond requirements for the ZEV program by strengthening it focusing it 

exclusively on the gold requirement (battery, fuel-cell, and plug-in hybrid electric 

vehicles) to ensure California remains the leading location for moving advanced, lowgreenhouse gas technology vehicles to commercialization, which is critical to achieving 

California’s 2050 greenhouse gas emission reduction goals;

WHEREAS, at the March 2008 ZEV hearing, the Board directed staff to develop a 

program to further the availability of alternative fuels and infrastructure, and to return to 

the Board with regulations, as appropriate;

WHEREAS, following the Board’s direction at the March 2008 ZEV hearing, staff 

assessed the current state of ZEV technology, an analysis of pathways to meeting 

California’s long term 2050 greenhouse gas reduction goals in the light-duty vehicle 

subsector, and a review of current and possible future complimentary policies that will 

be needed to aid in complimentary policies for ZEVs;

WHEREAS, at the December 2009 ZEV hearing, staff presented findings of an 

assessment of the then current state of ZEV technology, including an analysis of 

pathways to meeting California’s long term 2050 greenhouse gas reduction goals in the 
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light-duty vehicle subsector, and a review of current and possible future complimentary 

policies that will be needed to aid in infrastructure and market pull policies for ZEVs;

WHEREAS, staff’s assessment found that ZEVs are essential to meeting California’s 

long term greenhouse gas emission reduction goals and ZEVs will need to be 100 

percent of new vehicle sales no later than model year 2050, and that any future 

modifications to the ZEV regulation should help keep the light-duty vehicle subsector on 

track to reach an 80 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, and a 

fueling infrastructure mandate is needed to ensure that publicly available hydrogen fuel 

exists so that auto manufacturers can sell and lease fuel cell vehicles;

WHEREAS, at the December 2009 ZEV hearing, the Board found the following 

necessary to better align the ZEV regulation with California’s long term climate change 

and air quality improvement goals:

The focus of the ZEV regulation would shift from only criteria pollutant emission 

reductions to greenhouse gas emission reductions as well as criteria pollutants;

The ZEV program helps assure that the transformation to very low carbon-emitting 

vehicles occurs in the timeframe necessary to meet the State’s 2050 target of an 80 

percent reduction in greenhouse gases compared to 1990 levels;

The ZEV regulation helps assure the successful launch of commercial ZEVs and 

plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in the next decade, which appears necessary to meet 

the 2050 greenhouse gas target;

PZEVs, or partial zero emission vehicles, now a part of the ZEV regulation, are 

commercial and can be removed from the ZEV regulation (effective in 2014). Their 

emission benefits are appropriately considered in the next revision to the LEV 

criteria emission standards;

AT PZEVs, or advanced technology partial zero emission vehicles, now a part of the 

ZEV regulation, are commercial and can be removed from the ZEV regulation 

(effective in 2017). Their emission benefits are appropriately considered in the next 

revision to the LEV greenhouse gas emission standards; and

The proposed structure, credit values, and stringency of the revised ZEV program 

will depend in part on the Board’s decision regarding the establishment of more 

stringent greenhouse gas standards for the overall fleet, and how well that decision 

places California on the path to meeting an 80-percent reduction in greenhouse gas

emissions for the overall fleet, and how well that decision places California on the 

path to meeting that goal by 2050.

WHEREAS, staff considered the Board’s direction as given at the 2009 December ZEV 

Hearing, as well as input from stakeholders, in developing these proposed amendments 

to the ZEV regulations and test procedures; and
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WHEREAS, at the December 2009 ZEV hearing the Board directed staff to pursue the 

following three tiered approach to hydrogen infrastructure implementation: 

1. Investigate financial incentives to meet current fuel cell vehicle needs;

2. Offer regulatory incentives through existing regulations; and

3. Mandate hydrogen through modifications to existing regulations or through a 

new regulation.

CLEAN FUELS OUTLET REGULATIONS BACKGROUND

WHEREAS, the Clean Fuels Regulation, adopted in 1990 and amended in 2000, 

requires certain owner/lessors of retail gasoline stations to equip an appropriate number 

of their stations with clean alternative fuel once 20,000 or more low emission vehicles, 

including flexible-fuel and dual-fuel vehicles, certified on a particular clean fuel are 

projected to be operating in California; the regulation applies to ZEVs (a subset of 

LEVs) and ZEV fuels, but specifically excludes electricity;

WHEREAS, when the Clean Fuels Regulation was adopted, it was expected that 

automobile manufacturers would primarily use alternative fuels to meet California’s LEV 

standards; however, auto manufacturers met California’s LEV requirements using 

California reformulated gasoline and, as a result, produced and delivered fewer 

numbers of alternative fuel LEV vehicles for sale in California than was expected when 

the regulation was adopted;

WHEREAS, the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) regulation, adopted in 

2009 as a performance standard for reducing the carbon intensity of transportation 

fuels, has resulted in increased amounts of ethanol in conventional gasoline blends, and 

while ZEV fuels like hydrogen have a significantly lower overall carbon intensity than 

gasoline and ethanol, the parties regulated under LCFS have thus far chosen to not 

pursue transportation hydrogen as an LCFS compliance option due to the high cost of 

installing fueling infrastructure;

WHEREAS, major oil companies have divested most or all of their retail gasoline outlets 

since the Clean Fuels Regulation was adopted in 1990 and are now considered to be 

“owner/lessors” of substantially fewer stations, and three major oil companies and three 

convenience store and supermarket chains now comprise the six largest owner/lessors;

WHEREAS, staff considered expected ZEVs under future greenhouse gas fleet 

standards for light-duty vehicles, and concluded that the likely level of market 

penetration would not achieve the cost reductions needed for commercialization in the 

timeframe needed to meet long term emission reduction goals; and

WHEREAS, staff has proposed amendments to the Clean Fuels Regulation that would 

align with California’s long-term greenhouse gas emission reduction goals by applying 

only to ZEVs and ZEV fuels with a review for plug-in electric vehicles, shifting the 

requirements to build outlets to the larger refiner/importers of gasoline, extending the 
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timeline for both vehicle projections and building outlets, adding a lower regional 

activation trigger, adding a penalty provision for auto manufacturers and ending the 

requirement to build outlets sooner.

PROPOSAL FOR ADVANCED CLEAN CARS

WHEREAS, staff developed the Advanced Clean Cars program, which combines the 

control of smog-causing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions into a single 

coordinated package of amendments and requirements for model year 2015 through 

2025, including a new iteration of the LEV criteria pollutant and greenhouse gas

standards (LEV III), ZEV regulations, and Clean Fuels Outlet regulation; 

WHEREAS, developing the proposed amendments to the LEV III and ZEV elements of 

the Advanced Clean Cars rulemaking staff conducted five public workshops, released 

concepts for public review, and held several focused stakeholder meetings throughout 

the rulemaking process, in order to involve the public and affected stakeholders in the 

regulatory development process;

WHEREAS, the first workshop, on March 2, 2010, focused on preliminary elements of 

the proposed LEV III criteria pollutant emission standards and involved a presentation of 

technical information from several studies that were under evaluation for potential 

greenhouse gas emission reduction; the second workshop, on May 3, 2010, focused on 

staff’s initial proposal for modifications to the ZEV regulation; the third workshop, on 

May 18, 2010, went into more detail in several areas related to LEV III criteria pollutant

emissions and greenhouse gas emissions; the fourth workshop, on November 16, 2010, 

provided an update on proposed requirements for LEV III criteria emissions, a review of 

technologies to reduce vehicle greenhouse emissions in the 2017-2025 timeframe, a 

discussion on California’s Environmental Performance label requirements, and 

proposed modifications to the ZEV program; and the fifth workshop, on July 19, 2011, 

solicited input on items relating to the Advanced Clean Cars rulemaking;

WHEREAS, in developing the proposed amendments to the CFO Regulation, the staff 

conducted three public workshops on April 1, 2010, May 26, 2010, and July 13, 2011, 

and conducted meetings and conference calls with energy companies, fuel providers, 

station developers, auto manufacturers and other interested parties;

WHEREAS, in developing the amendments to the CFO Regulation, staff worked in 

parallel with affected stakeholders to create a collaborative agreement approach to 

ensuring adequate hydrogen fueling infrastructure and as a result developed a draft 

framework for a memorandum of agreement (MOA). The framework for this MOA would 

have the signing parties work together to create an incentive fund to support

establishment of hydrogen stations. The goal of this MOA would be to create a network 

of at least 100 stations with the cost of support estimated at $100 million;
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WHEREAS, a public hearing and other administrative proceedings have been held in 

accordance with the provisions of chapter 3.5 (commencing with section 11340), part 1, 

division 3, title 2 of the Government Code;

WHEREAS, in conjunction with a public hearing notice dated December 7, 2011, the 

staff has proposed a set of amendments to the low-emission vehicle regulations and 

incorporated documents, as set forth in Attachment A hereto; these amendments 

include the following primary elements:

A reduction of fleet average emissions of new passenger cars, light-duty trucks,

and medium-duty passenger vehicles to super-ultra-low-emission vehicle 

(SULEV) levels by 2025;

Replacement of separate NMOG and NOx standards with combined NMOG plus 

NOx standards, which provides automobile manufacturers with additional 

flexibility in meeting the new stringent standards;

An increase of full useful life durability requirements from 120,000 miles to 

150,000 miles, which guarantees vehicles operate longer at these extremely low 

emission levels;

A backstop to assure continued production of super-ultra-low-emission vehicles 

after Partial Zero-Emission Vehicle (PZEV) as a category is moved from the 

Zero-Emission Vehicle program to the LEV program in 2018;

More stringent particulate matter standards for light- and medium-duty vehicles, 

which will reduce the health effects and premature deaths associated with these 

emissions;

Zero fuel evaporative emission standards for passenger cars, light-duty trucks,

medium-duty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles;

More stringent supplemental federal test procedure (SFTP) standards for 

passenger cars and light-duty trucks and, for the first time, require medium-duty 

vehicles to meet SFTP standards;

More stringent “footprint-based” greenhouse gas emission standards that are 

comprised of three emission standards: a carbon dioxide (CO2) standard, a 

methane (CH4) standard and a nitrous oxide (N2O) standard;

Greenhouse gas emission credits for: (1) improvements to the vehicle air 

conditioning system (either from the use of a refrigerant with a low Global 

Warming Potential or by incorporating improvements to the efficiency of the 

system); (2) technologies that reduce CO2 emissions but are not measured on 

the applicable test cycles; and (3) technology innovations on the largest of pickup 

trucks;
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Greenhouse gas emissions values for electric vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles, 

and fuel cell vehicles that reflect their upstream emissions;

Minor modifications to California’s OBD II regulations; 

Changing the certification gasoline specifications to be more representative of 

current in-use fuel; and

Allow use of the revised federal Fuel Economy and Environmental Label to 

substitute for the California Environmental Performance Label.

WHEREAS, manufacturers have a wide range of technology options available to 

achieve the proposed criteria pollutant standards, many of which are already being used 

in today’s vehicles;

WHEREAS, criteria pollutant emission control technologies that include more precise 

fuel delivery systems, improved combustion chamber and manifold design, optimized 

close-coupled catalyst design, increased catalyst loading and volume, secondary air 

injection, hydrocarbon adsorbers, and improved evaporative fuel control systems can 

cost-effectively achieve reductions in oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbon, and particulate 

emissions to meet standards that are at least seventy percent lower than those in year 

2012;

WHEREAS, in the interest of the Board’s goal of reaching the proposed 1 mg/mi PM 

standard before the 2025 timeframe, it is staff’s intent to conduct a review of the 1

mg/mi PM standard in the 2015 timeframe and report back to the Board on the results;

WHEREAS, the technical contracting companies Ricardo Incorporated and FEV 

Incorporated analyzed the technical feasibility and cost effectiveness of the

technologies listed above in the following studies: “Computer Simulation of Light-Duty 

Vehicle Technologies for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in the 2020-2025 

Timeframe” (Ricardo Incorporated, 2011); “Light-Duty Technology Cost Analysis Powersplit and P2 HEV Case Studies” (FEV Incorporated, 2011); “Light-Duty Technology Cost 

Analysis: Report on Additional Case Studies” (FEV Incorporated, 2009); “Light-Duty 

Technology Cost Analysis Pilot Study” (FEV Incorporated, 2009);

WHEREAS, the studies listed above included state-of-the-art vehicle simulation 

modeling performed on scores of advanced technology combinations that demonstrate 

an array of cost-effective solutions can be assembled to meet the proposed criteria and 

greenhouse gas emission standards while delivering the vehicle performance, utility and 

comfort consumers expect;

WHEREAS, expert engineering and cost consultants engaged by the automobile 

industry were utilized to dissect multiple advanced technologies under consideration in 

a part by part detailed cost evaluation to arrive at their actual production cost;
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WHEREAS, these same consultants were utilized to further project for many 

key advanced technologies how cost could be reduced and improvements in 

performance could be achieved in the future through design, materials or manufacturing 

changes by further analyzing every one of the many parts that comprise each 

technologies' assembly;

WHEREAS, the abovementioned criteria pollutant emission reduction technologies are 

being actively implemented in 2012, or within near-future product plans, by nearly every 

major automobile manufacturer that sells vehicles in California;

WHEREAS, the proposed greenhouse gas standards are also predicated on many 

existing and emerging technologies that increase engine and transmission efficiency, 

reduce vehicle energy loads, improve auxiliary and accessory efficiency, and that 

recognize increasingly electrified vehicle subsystems with hybrid and electric 

drivetrains;

WHEREAS, available automobile technologies including improved aerodynamics, lower 

rolling resistance tires, variable valve train control systems, turbocharged direct injection 

engines, optimized transmission controls, dual clutch transmissions with increased 

gear-ratios, integrated starter-generators, increased-efficiency accessories, air 

conditioning refrigerant systems with lower global warming potential effects, hybrid 

systems with combined use of combustion engines and electric motors, are technically 

feasible and can offer at least the same consumer utility, performance, size, and safety 

of existing vehicles while achieving at least thirty-four percent lower greenhouse gas 

emission levels for new vehicles from model year 2016 to 2025;

WHEREAS, the abovementioned studies determined that the greenhouse gas emission 

reduction technologies offer consumer benefits that greatly exceed the technology costs 

associated with their development and manufacture, and can deliver a payback to the 

vehicle consumers within three years based on the estimated average incremental price 

increase in 2025, the average annual California new vehicle use, and the average future 

fuel prices;

WHEREAS, the abovementioned greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies are 

being actively implemented in 2012, or within near-future product plans, by nearly every 

major automobile manufacturer that sells vehicles in California;

WHEREAS, in conjunction with a public hearing notice published December 7, 2011, 

staff proposed substantial amendments to the ZEV regulation and to the ZEV Standards 

and Test Procedures, as set forth in Attachment B hereto; these amendments include 

the following primary elements for model years 2012 through 2017:

Changing and simplifying the nomenclature for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles 

and hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles from Enhanced Advanced 

Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicles (Enhanced AT PZEV) to 
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Transitional Zero-Emission Vehicles (TZEV), for 2012 and subsequent 

model years;

Extending the travel provision for BEVs, which allows ZEVs placed in any state 

that has adopted the California ZEV regulation to count towards the ZEV 

regulation through 2017;

Providing flexibility for IVMs by reducing their overall requirement in 2015 through 

2017 model years, to allow these manufacturers to prepare for requirements 

beginning in model year 2018; 

Increasing credits for Type V (300 mile FCV) ZEVs to appropriately incentivize 

this longer term technology; 

Adding Type I.5x and Type IIx vehicles, which are both range extended BEVs 

(i.e. BEVx vehicles which are BEVs with a backup auxiliary power unit, which 

does not operate until the energy storage device is fully depleted) as a 

compliance option for manufacturers to meet up to half of a manufacturer’s 

requirement that must be met with pure ZEVs; and

Removing carry forward credit limitations for ZEVs, allowing manufacturers to 

bank ZEV credits indefinitely for use in later years.

WHEREAS, in conjunction with a public hearing notice published December 7, 2011, 

staff proposed substantial amendments to the ZEV regulation and to the ZEV Standards 

and Test Procedures, as set forth in Attachment B hereto; these amendments include 

the following primary elements for 2018 and subsequent model years:

Increasing the overall ZEV requirements in 2018 and subsequent model years, 

by modifying the credit percentage requirement and decreasing the number of 

credits earned per vehicle;

Focusing the regulation on long term greenhouse gas reduction technologies, 

which are ZEV and TZEVs, and by removing PZEV and AT PZEV credits 

compliance options for manufacturers, and allowing manufacturers to use 

banked PZEV and AT PZEV credits, at a discounted rate, to offset a portion of 

their obligation that may be met with TZEVs;

Amending IVM and LVM size definitions to bring all but the smallest 

manufacturers under the full ZEV requirements by model year 2018;

Basing credits for ZEVs on a linear function of zero emission range on the urban 

dynamometer drive schedule (UDDS), with 50 mile BEVs earning 1 credit each 

and 350 mile FCVs earning 4 credits each;
Resolution 12-11 15

Simplifying and streamlining TZEV credit based on the vehicle’s zero-emission 

range capability, and ability to perform 10 miles on the more aggressive US06 

drive schedule;

Adding BEVxs as a compliance option for manufacturers to meet up to half of a 

manufacturer’s requirement that must be met with pure ZEVs;

Removing carry forward credit limitations for ZEVs, allowing manufacturers to 

bank ZEV credits indefinitely for use in later years; 

Ending the travel provision for BEVs after model year 2017, and extending the 

travel provision for FCVs until sufficient complementary policies are in place in 

states that have adopted the California ZEV regulation; and

Allowing manufacturers who systematically over comply with the proposed 

LEV III greenhouse gas fleet average standards to offset a portion of their ZEV 

regulation requirements in only 2018 through 2021 model years.

WHEREAS staff proposes additional amendments that will be released for a 15-day 

comment period for an optional Section 177 State compliance path for manufacturers to 

provide pre-2018 ZEVs in those states for a reduction in their 2015 through 2018 model 

year TZEV requirements and 2018 through 2020 model year ZEV requirements in the 

Section 177 states, as well as the ability to pool those vehicles within an East and West 

region pool;

WHEREAS, following consideration of public testimony at the Board hearing held over 

January 26-27, 2012, the Board directed the Executive Officer to: 

1. Make such changes to the regulatory language as necessary to ensure 

that ZEV over-compliance is calculated in a manner that fully accounts for 

upstream GHG emissions;

2. Make such changes to the regulatory language as necessary to end the 

ZEV GHG over-compliance provision in 2021;

3. Make such change to the regulatory language as necessary to require 

automobile manufacturers to apply for participation in the ZEV overcompliance program no later than December 31st, 2016; and

4. Monitor the usage of the ZEV over-compliance provision during the 2014 

to 2025 timeframe and during that timeframe report back to the Board 

every two years with: the number of automobile manufacturers intending 

to participate in the program, those manufactures’ respective market 

shares, and the number of ZEV and TZEV vehicles that would not be 

delivered to California and Section 177 states due to the ZEV overcompliance program.

WHEREAS plug-in electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technologies are capable of 

zero at-vehicle exhaust emissions, can deliver greater than an eighty percent reduction 
Resolution 12-11 16

in lifecycle pollutant emissions when considering energy production processes to deliver 

the electricity and hydrogen to the vehicles, and offer the greatest potential to help 

achieve climate stabilization goals and local ambient air quality standards in California;

WHEREAS plug-in electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technologies are being 

deployed in 2012 in greater numbers and by more manufacturers than in any previous 

year;

WHEREAS, in conjunction with a public hearing notice dated December 7, 2011, the 

staff has proposed a set of amendments to the Clean Fuels Outlet regulations and 

incorporated documents, as set forth in Attachment C hereto; these amendments 

include the following primary elements:

Changing the types of alternative fuel vehicles subject to the regulation to only 

those certified as ZEV when operating on the designated clean fuel;

Adding a regulatory review for plug-in electric vehicles, which requires ARB to 

evaluate the development and usage of workplace and public charging 

infrastructure and make recommendations for further actions, to address the 

concern that electricity fuel and battery electric ZEVs are excluded from the 

regulation;

Shifting the requirement to equip clean fuel outlets (CFO) onto major 

refiner/importers of gasoline to evenly distribute the outlet requirement among 

the parties that continue to benefit from California’s use of gasoline even though 

they have divested in the retail aspect of the gasoline supply chain;

Modifying how the number of new CFOs is calculated to account for the fuel 

requirements of hydrogen FCVs, and modify how stations are allocated among 

the regulated parties to be based on their share of the gasoline market;

Adding a year to auto manufacturer’s fuel cell vehicle reporting requiring 

projections three years into the future and by air basin, and adding a year to the 

compliance timeframe for building outlets to provide additional time for locating, 

permitting, and building outlets;

Adding a lower regional activation trigger of 10,000 vehicles projected to be sold 

or leased within an air basin to align with auto manufacturers’ early 

commercialization plans to market fuel cell vehicles in regional clusters;

Streamlining the compliance requirements to be less prescriptive and more like 

performance standards, giving the regulated party the flexibility to determine how 

best to meet the requirements;
Resolution 12-11 17

Increasing the penalty for failing to install CFOs and adding a penalty provision 

for auto manufacturers failing to deliver for sale or lease 80 percent or more of 

their projected number of fuel cell vehicles; and

 

Lowering the regulation sunset provision to five percent of the total number of 

retail gasoline outlets based (i.e. sunsets when the five percent reached) on 

staff’s findings that, at or before five percent station saturation, hydrogen fueling 

infrastructure can achieve commercial viability.

WHEREAS, staff proposes additional modifications that will be released for a 15-day 

comment period to the proposed amendments that would hibernate the CFO 

requirements if the MOA is signed and the terms of the MOA are met per a specified 

timeline with measurable milestones to assess progress;

WHEREAS, staff proposes additional amendments that will be released for a 15-day 

comment period to sunset the requirements for providing hydrogen stations if, as a 

result of the MOA, 100 stations are established;

WHEREAS, the Board has considered the impact of this proposed regulatory action on 

the economy of the State;

WHEREAS, ARB has a regulatory program certified under Public Resources Code section 

21080.5, and pursuant to this program ARB conducts environmental analyses to meet the 

requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA);

WHEREAS, pursuant to ARB’s certified regulatory program, ARB staff prepared a joint 

environmental analysis (EA) for the proposed amendments to the LEV, ZEV, and Clean 

Fuels Outlet regulations; the EA presents a programmatic evaluation of a full range of 

environmental impact topics related to implementation of the proposed program, 

including potential alternatives; 

WHEREAS The EA determined that the likely compliance responses to the 

amendments are expected to result in: a substantial, beneficial impact to criteria air 

pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions; less-than-significant impacts agriculture and 

forest resources, land use and planning, mineral resources, population and housing, 

and recreation; and potentially significant environmental effects to aesthetics, biology, 

cultural resources, geology and soils, hazards (accidental releases), hydrology and 

water quality, noise, traffic (construction), and utilities; and the adverse effects result 

primarily from landscape disturbance occurring from constructing and operating fueling 

facilities required for compliance with the proposed CFO regulation amendments or 

battery manufacturing facilities expected to be needed to achieve compliance with the 

proposed ZEV regulation amendments;

WHEREAS, ARB does not have the authority to impose mitigation measures for these 

identified project-specific impacts for future projects outside ARB’s regulatory purview 
Resolution 12-11 18

and must rely on the agencies that will ultimately conduct project-level review and 

approve those projects to impose required mitigation;

WHEREAS, the EA was released as Appendix B to each Staff Report: Initial Statement 

of Reasons on December 7, 2011, and a 45-day written public comment period began 

on December 12, 2011;

WHEREAS, ARB’s certified regulatory program provides that prior to taking final action 

on any proposal for which significant environmental issues have been raised, the 

decision maker shall approve a written response to each such issue; no final decision 

will be made until comments on the EA are fully considered and a written response 

approved by the decision maker;

WHEREAS, the Executive Officer is the decision maker for the purposes of title 17, 

California Code of Regulations, section 60007; no final decision will be made until 

comments on the environmental analysis are fully considered and the written responses 

approved by the decision maker;

WHEREAS, a public hearing and other administrative proceedings have been held in 

accordance with the provisions of Chapter 3.5 (commencing with section 11340), part 1, 

division 3, title 2 of the Government Code; and

WHEREAS, the Board, having considered all information presented in the public 

hearing and administrative proceedings finds that:

The amendments proposed herein to the LEV regulations, ZEV regulations, and 

Clean Fuels Outlet regulations are necessary and appropriate to assure that 

California continues to receive the cleanest light- and medium-duty vehicles 

available;

The proposed Clean Fuels Outlet Regulations are necessary and appropriate 

because consumers will need ready access to fuel for zero-emission vehicles in 

order to achieve the required emission reductions;

The staff’s recommended modifications to the originally proposed LEV III 

amendments, ZEV amendments, and Clean Fuel Outlet amendments are 

appropriate to provide additional flexibility, help assure adequate lead time, and 

minimize cost to manufacturers;

It is appropriate to accept compliance with the 2017 through 2025 MY National 

Program as compliance with California’s greenhouse gas emission standards in 

the 2017 through 2025 model years, once U.S. EPA issues their Final Rule on or 

after its current July 2012 planned release, provided that the greenhouse gas 

reductions set forth in U.S. EPA’s December 1, 2011 Notice of Proposed 

Rulemaking for 2017 through 2025 model year passenger vehicles are 
Resolution 12-11 19

maintained, except that California shall maintain its own reporting requirements;

and

Based on the forgoing description of technical studies and the analyses 

performed for the Advanced Clean Cars ISOR, all of the proposed amendments 

are necessary, appropriate, cost-effective, and technologically feasible.

WHEREAS, the Board further finds that:

While the California motor vehicle emissions regulations as proposed herein are 

different from the federal regulations administered by U.S. EPA, the proposed 

California regulations herein are authorized by State law:

The amendments proposed herein are part of the Advanced Clean Cars 

program, which will reduce criteria pollutants (47 tons of ROG per day, 51 tons of 

NOx per day, and 3 tons of PM2.5 per day in 2035) and will prevent premature 

deaths in California and help achieve attainment of ambient air quality standards;

The Advanced Clean Cars program will also reduce greenhouse gas emissions

as follows: by 2025, CO2 equivalent emissions will be reduced by 13 million 

metric tons (MMT) per year, which is 12 percent from baseline levels; the 

reduction increases in 2035 to 31 MMT/year, a 27 percent reduction from 

baseline levels; by 2050, the proposed regulation would reduce emissions by 

more than 40 MMT/year, a reduction of 33 percent from baseline levels; and 

viewed cumulatively over the life of the regulation (2017-2050), the proposed 

Advanced Clean Cars regulation will reduce emissions by more than 850 MMT 

CO2 –equivalent, which will help achieve the State’s climate change goals to 

reduce the threat that climate change poses to California’s public health, water 

resources, agriculture industry, ecology, and economy; 

The Advanced Clean Cars program is cost-effective as the average increase in 

the price of a new vehicle expected in the 2025 model year due to the Advanced 

Clean Cars Program is $1,900, and the net lifetime savings for the owners of a 

new vehicle in the 2025 model year due to the Advanced Clean Cars Program is 

$4,000; and

The Advanced Clean Cars program is cost-effective as it is expected to create a 

total statewide cost savings of $14 billion and result in a net increase of 30,000 

California jobs.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Board hereby approves for adoption 

the proposed amendments to sections 1900, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1961, 1961.1, 1962.1, 

1962.2 (renumbered to 1962.3), 1965, 1968.2, 1968.5, 1976, 1978, 2037, 2038, 2062, 

2112, 2139, 2140, 2145, 2147, 2235, 2300, 2302, 2303, 2303.5, 2304, 2307 2308, 

2309, 2311, 2311.5, 2312, 2313, 2314, 2315, 2317, and 2318; new sections 1961.2, 

1961.3, 1962.2, and 2306.1; and approve for repeal sections 2306, 2310, 2316, and 
Resolution 12-11 20

2317, Title 13, California Code of Regulations, and the proposed amendments to (and 

adoption of) the documents incorporated by those regulations, as set forth in 

Attachments A, B, and C hereto, with the modifications set forth in Attachments D

through F hereto;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to continue 

collaborating with EPA and NHTSA as their standards are finalized and in the mid-term 

review to minimize potential lost benefits from federal treatment of upstream emissions 

of electricity and hydrogen fueled vehicles; 

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to monitor 

consumer purchasing trends and California’s fleet mix to evaluate any effect of a 

potential shift in vehicle footprint size to higher polluting vehicles and the reclassification 

of cars as trucks that deviates from the fleet size and category mix projected in the 

approved amendments, to make the information obtained publically available as it is 

acquired, and to report back to the Board no later than the end of 2016 regarding any 

such effects and to address any such effects in the mid-term review;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to monitor 

consumer acceptance of TZEVs and report back to the Board no later than the end of 

2016 on the TZEV volumes expected in the ZEV program in model years 2018 through 

2021; 

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to return to 

the Board with in-use data for range extended battery electric vehicles and plug-in 

hybrid electric vehicles, and, if warranted, propose appropriate modifications to 

treatment and credits for these vehicle types in 2016;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to either 

propose modifications to the approved regulatory amendments, or to return to the Board 

with a new regulatory proposal, to accept compliance with the 2017 through 2025 MY 

National Program as compliance with California’s greenhouse gas emission standards 

in the 2017 through 2025 model years, if the Executive Officer determines that U.S. 

EPA has adopted a final rule that at a minimum preserves the greenhouse reduction 

benefits set forth in U.S. EPA’s December 1, 2011 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for 

2017 through 2025 model year passenger vehicles;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that if the Board does not accept compliance with the 

2017 through 2025 MY National Program as compliance with California’s greenhouse 

gas emission standards in the 2017 through 2025 model years, that the greenhouse 

gas-ZEV over compliance provision will not be available for use in the ZEV regulation; 

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to participate 

in U.S. EPA’s mid-term review of the 2022 through 2025 model year passenger vehicle 

greenhouse gas standards being proposed under the 2017 through 2025 MY National 

Program;
Resolution 12-11 21

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to re-examine 

the stringency and timing of the proposed 1 mg/mi PM standard in the 2025 timeframe;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that in the interest of the Board’s goal of reaching the 

proposed 1 mg/mi PM standard before the 2025 timeframe, the Board directs the 

Executive Officer to conduct a review of the 1 mg/mi PM standard in the 2015 timeframe 

and report back to the Board on the results;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board re-affirms that the ZEV program is 

necessary for California’s NAAQS attainment and that the obligations of the ZEV 

program upon regulated parties are separate from those of LEV III GHG or a national 

program;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that, prior to taking final action on these amendments, 

the Board Directs the Executive Officer to;

1. Make such changes to the regulatory language as necessary to ensure 

that ZEV over-compliance is calculated in a manner that fully accounts for 

upstream GHG emissions;

2. Make such changes to the regulatory language as necessary to end the 

ZEV GHG over-compliance provision in 2021;

3. Make such change to the regulatory language as necessary to require 

automobile manufacturers to apply for participation in the ZEV overcompliance program no later than December 31st, 2016; and

4. Monitor the usage of the ZEV over-compliance provision during the 2014 

to 2025 timeframe and during that timeframe report back to the Board 

every two years with: the number of automobile manufacturers intending 

to participate in the program, those manufactures’ respective market

shares, and the number of ZEV and TZEV vehicles that would not be 

delivered to California and Section 177 states due to the ZEV overcompliance program.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to conduct a 

study of the potential effects of: 

1. Adding an additional category of vehicles to the ZEV regulation for “BEV 

XX” vehicles that would be allowed greater use of an internal combustion 

engine than allowed for vehicles approved as “BEV X” vehicles in this 

action, where such BEX XX vehicles would only be applied to 25 percent

of a manufacturer’s pure ZEV requirement; and

2. Changing the current requirement of a pure 10 mile range threshold for 

the BEV category to a 10 mile range equivalency concept.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to investigate 

the feasibility and potential means of conducting a study of consumers’ actual usage of 
Resolution 12-11 22

the electric and internal combustion power sources of BEV X and similar vehicles and 

report back to the Board.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board Directs the Executive Officer to: 

1. Prior to taking final action on these amendments conduct such further 

environmental analysis as deemed necessary for a regulatory program 

certified under Public Resource Code section 21080.5, including 

evaluation of all comments received during the public comment periods, 

including comments raising significant environmental issues, and prepare 

and approve written responses as required by Public Resource Code 

section 21080.5(d)(2)(D), and title 17, CCR section 60007; 

2. Determine whether there are additional feasible alternatives or mitigation 

measures that could be implemented to reduce or eliminate any potential 

adverse environmental impacts; 

3. Make findings as required by Public Resources Code § 21081 if the 

proposed amendments would result in one or more significant adverse 

environmental effects; and

4. Take final action on the proposed amendments as directed below, as well 

as any additional modifications that are necessary to ensure that all 

feasible mitigation measures or feasible alternatives that would 

substantially reduce any significant adverse environmental impacts have 

been incorporated into the final action, or return the proposed 

amendments and findings to the Board for further consideration before 

taking final action, if he determines that this is warranted. 

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board directs the Executive Officer to take final 

action to adopt the proposed amendments and new documents set forth in Attachments 

A through C, including incorporated documents, with the modifications set forth in 

Attachments D through F and as further resolved and directed above, after making the 

modified regulatory language, with such other conforming modifications as may be 

appropriate, and additional supporting documents and information, available for public 

comment for a period of 15 days, provided that the Executive Officer shall consider such

written comments regarding the modifications and additional supporting documents and 

information as may be submitted during this period, shall make modifications as may be 

appropriate in light of the comments received, and shall present the regulations to the 

Board for further consideration if he determines that this is warranted; the Executive 

Officer has the discretion to return the amendments to the Board for final action;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board hereby determines that the proposed 

regulations approved for adoption herein will not cause California motor vehicle 

emission standards, in the aggregate, to be less protective of public health and welfare 

than applicable federal standards;
Resolution 12-11 23

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board hereby finds that separate California

emission standards and test procedures are necessary to meet compelling and 

extraordinary conditions;

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Board finds that the California emission 

standards and test procedures approved for adoption herein will not cause the 

California requirements to be inconsistent with section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act and 

raise no new issues affecting previous waiver determinations of the Administrator of the 

Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to section 209(b) of the Clean Air Act; and

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that the Executive Officer shall, upon final adoption, 

forward the regulations to the Environmental Protection Agency with a request for a 

waiver or confirmation that the regulations are within the scope of an existing waiver of 

federal preemption pursuant to section 209(b) of the Clean Air Act, as appropriate.

I hereby certify that the above is a true and 

correct copy of Resolution 12-11, as adopted 

by the Air Resources Board.

___________________________________

Mary Alice Morency, Clerk of the Board
Resolution 12-11 24

Resolution 12-11

January 26, 2012

Identification of Attachments to the Board Resolution

Attachment A: Proposed amendments to the LEV III Regulation, as set forth in 

Appendix A and the Proposed Amendments to Test Procedures, as 

set forth in Appendices C, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M and proposed new 

test Procedures, as set forth in Appendices D, I, and N to the Initial 

Statement of Reasons, released December 7, 2011.

Attachment B: Proposed amendments to the ZEV Regulation, as set forth in 

Appendices A-1, A-3, A-5 and proposed amendments to the 

California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures, as 

set forth in Appendix A-2 and adoption of new Appendix A-4 to the 

ZEV Initial Statement of Reasons, released December 7, 2011.

Attachment C: Proposed amendments to the CFO Regulations, as set for the in 

Appendix A to the CFO Initial Statement of Reasons, released 

December 7, 2011.

Attachment D: Staff’s Suggested Modifications to the Original LEV III Proposal

(Distributed at the January 26, 2012 Board hearing)

Attachment E: Staff’s Suggested Modifications to the Original ZEV Proposal

(Distributed at the January 26, 2012 Board hearing)

Attachment F: Staff’s Suggested Modifications to the Original Clean Fuels Outlet 

Proposal (Distributed at the January 26, 2012 Board hearing)
D-1

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

ATTACHMENT D

Staff’s Suggested Modifications to the Original Proposal for LEV III

PRESENTED AT THE JANUARY 26, 2012 HEARING OF THE 

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

The following text contains staff’s suggested modifications to the originally 

proposed regulatory text for sections 1961, 1961.2, 1961.3, 1976, 1978, title 13

of the California Code of Regulations; to the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles;” and to the new “California 

2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles;” to the “California Evaporative Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles;”

to the “California Refueling Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 

and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles;” and to the “California Test Procedures

for Evaluating Substitute Fuels and New Clean Fuels in 2015 and Subsequent

Years.” Unless otherwise indicated below, the text of the originally proposed 

amendments is shown in underline to indicate additions and strikeout to indicate 

deletions, except that sections 1961.2 and 1961.3 are new sections, shown 

without underline for easier reading. The modified language now proposed by 

staff is shown in double underline to indicate additions and double strikeout to 

indicate deletions. Staff is proposing modifications to limited portions of the 

original proposal; for some portions for which no modifications are proposed, the 

text has been omitted and the omission indicated by [No change] or “* * * *.” 

There are no additional suggested modifications to the originally proposed 

amendments to sections 1900, 1956.8, 1960.1, 1961.1, 1965, 1968.2, 1968.5, 

2037, 2038, 2062, 2112, 2139, 2140, 2145, 2147, 2235, and 2317, title 13, CCR.
D-2

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

SUGGESTED CHANGES TO PROPOSED REGULATION ORDER 
D-3

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

1. Amend title 13, CCR, section 1961 to read as follows:

§ 1961. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 2004 through 2019

and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Vehicles.

Introduction. This section 1961 contains the California “LEV II” exhaust emission 

standards for 2004 through 2019 and subsequent model passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks and medium-duty vehicles. A manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with 

the exhaust standards in section 1961(a) applicable to specific test groups, and with the 

composite phase-in requirements in section 1961(b) applicable to the manufacturer’s 

entire fleet. Section 1961(b) also includes the manufacturer’s fleet-wide composite 

phase-in requirements for the 2001 - 2003 model years.

* * * *

(a) Exhaust Emission Standards.

(1) “LEV II” Exhaust Standards. The following standards are represent the 

maximum exhaust emissions for the intermediate and full useful life from new 2004 

through 2019 and subsequent model-year “LEV II” LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, 

including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and dual fuel vehicles when operating on the gaseous or 

alcohol fuel they are designed to use.: 2015 – 2019 model-year LEV II LEV vehicles 

may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, 

as applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical 

values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust 

emission standards in this subsection (a)(1) and subsection (a)(4); LEV II ULEV 

vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for ULEV125, ULEV340, 

or ULEV570, as applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding 

NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG 

and NOx exhaust emission standards in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding 

NMOG+NOx numerical values in subsection (a)(4); and LEV II SULEV vehicles may be 

certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170, or SULEV230, 

as applicable, in subsection 1961.2(a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical 

values in subsection 1961.2(a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust 

emission standards in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx 

numerical values in subsection (a)(4). 
D-4

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

LEV II Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2004 through 2019 and 

Subsequent Model

LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs

in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes

Vehicle Type Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis (mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category

NMOG

(g/mi)

Carbon 

Monoxide

(g/mi)

Oxides 

of 

Nitrogen

(g/mi)

Formaldehyde

(mg/mi) Particulates

(g/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 8500 lbs. GVWR

or less

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

loaded vehicle weight

50,000 LEV 0.075 3.4 0.05 15 n/a

LEV, 

Option 1

0.075 3.4 0.07 15 n/a

ULEV 0.040 1.7 0.05 8 n/a

120,000 LEV 0.090 4.2 0.07 18 0.01

LEV, 

Option 1

0.090 4.2 0.10 18 0.01

ULEV 0.055 2.1 0.07 11 0.01

SULEV 0.010 1.0 0.02 4 0.01

150,000 

(Optional)

LEV 0.090 4.2 0.07 18 0.01

LEV, 

Option 1

0.090 4.2 0.10 18 0.01

ULEV 0.055 2.1 0.07 11 0.01

SULEV 0.010 1.0 0.02 4 0.01

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight

120,000 LEV 0.195 6.4 0.2 32 0.12

ULEV 0.143 6.4 0.2 16 0.06

SULEV 0.100 3.2 0.1 8 0.06

150,000

(Optional)

LEV 0.195 6.4 0.2 32 0.12

ULEV 0.143 6.4 0.2 16 0.06

SULEV 0.100 3.2 0.1 8 0.06

MDVs

10,001-14,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight

120,000 LEV 0.230 7.3 0.4 40 0.12

ULEV 0.167 7.3 0.4 21 0.06

SULEV 0.117 3.7 0.2 10 0.06

150,000

(Optional)

LEV 0.230 7.3 0.4 40 0.12

ULEV 0.167 7.3 0.4 21 0.06

SULEV 0.117 3.7 0.2 10 0.06

* * * *
D-5

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

(b) Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers.

(1) Fleet Average NMOG Requirements for Passenger Cars and Light-Duty 

Trucks.

(A) The fleet average non-methane organic gas exhaust mass emission 

values from the passenger cars and light-duty trucks certified to the Tier 1, LEV I, and 

LEV II standards that are produced and delivered for sale in California each model year 

from 2001 through 2014 by a manufacturer other than a small volume manufacturer or 

an independent low volume manufacturer shall not exceed:

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS 

EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR

LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASSES

(50,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)

Model Year Fleet Average NMOG (grams per mile)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. 

LVW

LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVW

2001 0.070 0.098

2002 0.068 0.095

2003 0.062 0.093

2004 0.053 0.085

2005 0.049 0.076

2006 0.046 0.062

2007 0.043 0.055

2008 0.040 0.050

2009 0.038 0.047

2010 through 

20141 +

0.035 0.043

1 For the 2014 model year only, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx values in 

subsection 1961.2(b)(1)(A) in lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in this table. A 

manufacturer must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 

fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 

fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A manufacturer must calculate its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using 

the applicable full useful standards.

* * * *
D-6

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105, and 43106, 

Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 

43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204, and 43205, Health and Safety Code.
D-7

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2. Adopt new title 13, CCR, section 1961.2 to read as follows: (Note: the entire text of 

section 1961.2 set forth below is new language proposed to be added to the California 

Code of Regulations.)

§ 1961.2. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures - 2015 and 

Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Vehicles.

Introduction. This section 1961.2 contains the California “LEV III” exhaust emission 

standards for 2015 and subsequent model year passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty vehicles. A manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with the exhaust 

standards in subsection (a) applicable to specific test groups, and with the composite 

phase-in requirements in subsection (b) applicable to the manufacturer’s entire fleet.

Before the 2015 model year, a manufacturer that produces vehicles that meet the 

standards in subsection (a) has the option of certifying the vehicles to those standards, 

in which case the vehicles will be treated as LEV III vehicles for purposes of the fleetwide phase-in requirements. Similarly, 2015 - 2019 model-year vehicles may be 

certified to the “LEV II” exhaust emission standards in subsection 1961(a)(1), in which 

case the vehicles will be treated as LEV II vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide phasein requirements. 

A manufacturer has the option of certifying engines used in incomplete and diesel 

medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of greater than 10,000 lbs. 

GVW to the heavy-duty engine standards and test procedures set forth in title 13, CCR, 

subsections 1956.8(c) and (h). All medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight 

rating of less than or equal to 10,000 lbs. GVW, including incomplete otto-cycle 

medium-duty vehicles and medium-duty vehicles that use diesel cycle engines, must be 

certified to the LEV III chassis standards and test procedures set forth in this section 

1961.2.

Pooling Provision.

For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate compliance with this section 

1961.2 based on one of two options applicable throughout the model year, either:

Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission standards 

in subsection (a) and subsection 1961(a)(1), and are produced and delivered for sale in 

California; or

Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission standards 

in subsection (a) and subsection 1961(a)(1), and are produced and delivered for sale in 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's criteria 

pollutant emission standards set forth in this section 1961.2 for that model year

pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).
D-8

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the Executive Officer of that 

selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable model year or must comply with 

Option 1. Once a manufacturer has selected compliance Option 2, that selection shall 

apply unless the manufacturer selects Option 1 and notifies the Executive Officer of that 

selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable model year. 

When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 2 for a given model year, 

the term "in California" as used in this section 1961.2 means California, the District of 

Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's criteria pollutant emission 

standards set forth in this section 1961.2 for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of 

the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

(a) Exhaust Emission Standards.

(1) “LEV III” Exhaust Standards. The following standards are the maximum 

exhaust emissions for the full useful life from new 2015 and subsequent model year 

“LEV III” passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty vehicles, including fuelflexible, bi-fuel and dual fuel vehicles when operating on the gaseous or alcohol fuel 

they are designed to use.: 2015 – 2019 model-year LEV II LEV vehicles may be 

certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as 

applicable, in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical 

values in subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission 

standards in subsections 1961(a)(1) and 1961(a)(4); LEV II ULEV vehicles may be 

certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as 

applicable, in this subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical 

values in subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission 

standards in subsections 1961(a)(1) and 1961(a)(4); and LEV II SULEV vehicles may 

be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170, or 

SULEV230, as applicable, in subsection (a)(1) and the corresponding NMOG+NOx 

numerical values in subsection (a)(4), in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust 

emission standards in subsections 1961(a)(1) and 1961(a)(4). Such vehicles will be 

treated as LEV II vehicles for purposes of the fleet-wide phase-in requirements.
D-9

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

LEV III Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015 and Subsequent 

Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Vehicle Type

Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis 

(mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category2

NMOG + 

Oxides of 

Nitrogen

(g/mi)

Carbon 

Monoxide

(g/mi)

Formaldehyde

(mg/mi)

Particulates1

(g/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 8500 lbs. GVWR 

or less;

MDPVs

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

loaded vehicle weight

150,000

LEV160 0.160 4.2 4 0.01

ULEV125 0.125 2.1 4 0.01

ULEV70 0.070 1.7 4 0.01

ULEV50 0.050 1.7 4 0.01

SULEV30 0.030 1.0 4 0.01

SULEV20 0.020 1.0 4 0.01

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000

LEV395 0.395 6.4 6 0.12

ULEV340 0.340 3.2 6 0.06

ULEV250 0.250 2.6 6 0.06

ULEV200 0.200 2.6 6 0.06

SULEV170 0.170 1.5 6 0.06

SULEV150 0.150 1.5 6 0.06

MDVs

10,001-14,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000

LEV630 0.630 7.3 6 0.12

ULEV570 0.570 3.7 6 0.06

ULEV400 0.400 3.0 6 0.06

ULEV270 0.270 3.0 6 0.06

SULEV230 0.230 1.7 6 0.06

SULEV200 0.200 1.7 6 0.06

1 These standards shall apply only to vehicles not included in the phase-in of the particulate standards set forth in 

subsection (a)(2).

2 The numeric portion of the category name is the NMOG+NOx value in thousandths of grams per mile.

(2) “LEV III” Particulate Standards.

(A) Particulate Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a 

manufacturer, except a small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its 

passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty vehicle fleet to the following 

particulate standards according to the following phase-in schedule. These 

standards are the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All 

vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III exhaust 

emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(1). 
D-10

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values 

and Phase-in for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Model 

Year

% of vehicles 

certified to a

3 mg/mi

standard

% of vehicles 

certified to a

1 mg/mi

standard

2017 10 0

2018 20 0

2019 40 0

2020 70 0

2021 100 0

2022 100 0

2023 100 0

2024 100 0

2025 75 25

2026 50 50

2027 25 75

2028 and 

subsequent

0 100

(B) Particulate Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than MediumDuty Passenger Vehicles.

1. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a manufacturer, except a small 

volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its medium-duty vehicle fleet 

to the following particulate standards according to the following phase-in 

schedule. These standards are the maximum particulate emissions allowed at 

full useful life. All vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to 

the LEV III exhaust emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(1). This 

subsection (a)(2)(B)1 shall not apply to medium-duty passenger vehicles.
D-11

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values and Phase-in for MediumDuty Vehicles Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle Type Model Year

% of vehicles 

certified to a

8 mg/mi

standard

% of vehicles 

certified to a

10 mg/mi

standard

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, 

excluding MDPVs

Vehicles in this category are 

tested at their adjusted loaded 

vehicle weight

2017 10 n/a

2018 20 n/a

2019 40 n/a

2020 70 n/a

2021 and 

subsequent 100 n/a

MDVs

10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR

Vehicles in this category are 

tested at their adjusted loaded 

vehicle weight

2017 n/a 10

2018 n/a 20

2019 n/a 40

2020 n/a 70

2021 and 

subsequent n/a 100

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard 

Values for Medium-Duty Vehicles, Other 

than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle Type1 Particulates

(mg/mi)

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, 

excluding MDPVs

8

MDVs

10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR 10

1 Vehicles in these categories are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight.

2. A manufacturer of medium-duty vehicles, except a small volume 

manufacturer, shall certify at least the following percentage of its medium-duty 

vehicle fleet to the particulate standards in subsection (a)(2)(B)1 according to the 

following phase-in schedule. This subsection (a)(2)(B)2 shall not apply to 

medium-duty passenger vehicles.
D-12

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Phase-in for MediumDuty Vehicles, Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Model Year

Total % of MDVs certified to the 8 mg/mi 

PM Standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM 

Standard, as applicable

2017 10

2018 20

2019 40

2020 70

2021 and subsequent 100

* * * *

(7) Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) Off-Cycle Emission 

Standards.

(A) SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Manufacturers shall 

certify 2015 and subsequent model year LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs in the PC, LDT, 

and MDPV classes to either the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Stand-Alone Exhaust 

Emission Standards set forth in subsection (a)(7)(A)1, or in accordance with the SFTP 

NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards and Fleet-Average 

Requirements set forth in subsection (a)(7)(A)2. A manufacturer may also certify 2014 

model LEVs, ULEVs, or SULEVs in the PC, LDT, or MDPV classes to LEV III SFTP

standards, in which case, the manufacturer shall be subject to the LEV III SFTP 

emission standards and requirements, including the sales-weighted fleet-average 

NMOG+NOx composite emission standard applicable to 2015 model vehicles if 

choosing to comply with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in subsection (a)(7)(A)2. The 

manufacturer shall notify the Executive Officer of its selected emission standard type in 

the Application for Certification of the first test group certifying to SFTP NMOG+NOx 

and CO emission standards on a 150,000 mile durability basis. Once an emission 

standard type for NMOG+NOx and CO is selected for a fleet, and the Executive Officer 

is notified of such selection, the selection must be kept through the 2025 model year for 

the entire fleet, which includes LEV II vehicles if selecting to comply with subsection 

(a)(7)(A)2. The manufacturer may not change its selection until the 2026 model year. 

Test groups not certifying to the 150,000-mile SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission 

standards pursuant to this subsection (a)(7)(A) shall be subject to the 4,000-mile SFTP 

NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards set forth in subsection 1960.1(r). 

1. SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Stand-Alone Emission 

Standards. The following standards are the maximum SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

exhaust emissions through full useful life from 2015 and subsequent model-year 

LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs when operating on the same any gaseous or 

liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP 
D-13

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification gasoline specified in 

Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2.

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards for

2015 and Subsequent Model LEV III Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle

Type

Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis

(mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category1

US06 Test

(g/mi)

SC03 Test

(g/mi)

NMHC + 

NOx CO NMHC + NOx CO

All PCs; 

LDTs 0- 8,500 lbs. 

GVWR; and 

MDPVs

Vehicles in these

categories are tested at 

their loaded vehicle 

weight (curb weight 

plus 300 pounds).

150,000

LEV 0.140 9.6 0.100 3.2

ULEV 0.120 9.6 0.070 3.2

SULEV

(Option A)2 0.060 9.6 0.020 3.2

SULEV 0.050 9.6 0.020 3.2

1 Vehicle Emission Category. Manufacturers must certify all vehicles, which are certifying to a LEV III FTP 

emission category on a 150,000-mile durability basis, to the emission standards of the equivalent, or a more 

stringent, SFTP emission category set forth on this table. That is, all LEV III LEVs certified to 150,000-mile 

FTP emission standards shall comply with the SFTP LEV emission standards in this table, all LEV III ULEVs 

certified to 150,000-mile FTP emission standards shall comply with the SFTP ULEV emission standards in this 

table, and all LEV III SULEVs certified to 150,000-mile FTP emission standards shall comply with the SFTP 

SULEV emission standards in this table.

2 Optional SFTP SULEV Standards. A manufacturer may certify light-duty truck test groups from 6,001 to 8,500 

lbs. GVWR and MDPV test groups to the SULEV, option A, emission standards set forth in this table for the 

2015 through 2020 model year, only if the vehicles in the test group are equipped with a particulate filter and 

the manufacturer extends the particulate filter emission warranty mileage to 200,000 miles. Passenger cars 

and light-duty trucks 0-6,000 lbs. GVWR are not eligible for this option.

2. SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards. For the 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer selecting 

this option must certify LEV II and LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, such that the 

manufacturer’s sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission 

value, does not exceed the applicable NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 

set forth in the following table. In addition, the CO composite emission value of any 

LEV III test group shall not exceed the CO composite emission standard set forth in 

the following table. SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the same 

gaseous or liquid fuel used for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible vehicles,

SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification gasoline 

specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. 

For each test group subject to this subsection, manufacturers shall calculate a 

Composite Emission Value for NMOG+NOx and, for LEV III test groups, a separate 

Composite Emission Value for CO, using the following equation:
D-14

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Composite Emission Value = 0.28 x US06 + 0.37 x SC03 + 0.35 x FTP [Eq. 1]

where “US06” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the US06 test;

“SC03” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the SC03 test; and 

“FTP” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the FTP test.

If no vehicles in a test group have air conditioning units, the FTP cycle emission 

value can be used in place of the SC03 cycle emission value in Equation 1. To 

determine compliance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 

applicable to the model year, manufacturers shall use a sales-weighted fleet 

average of the NMOG+NOx composite emission values of every applicable test 

group. The sales-weighted fleet average shall be calculated using a combination of 

carry-over and new certification SFTP composite emission values (converted to 

NMOG+NOx, as applicable). LEV II test groups will use their emission values in the 

fleet average calculation but will not be considered LEV III test groups. Compliance 

with the CO composite emission standard cannot be demonstrated through fleet 

averaging. The NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average composite emission 

value for the fleet and the CO composite emission value for each test group shall not 

exceed:

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Emission Standards for 2015 and 

Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles

(g/mi) 1

Model Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025+

All PCs; 

LDTs 8,500 

lbs. GVWR 

or less; and

MDPVs3

Vehicles in 

this category 

are tested at 

their loaded 

vehicle 

weight (curb 

weight plus 

300 

pounds).

Sales-Weighted Fleet Average NMOG+NOx Composite Exhaust Emission 

Standards2,4,5,6

0.140 0.110 0.103 0.097 0.090 0.083 0.077 0.070 0.063 0.057 0.050

CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standard7

4.2

1 Mileage for Compliance. All test groups certifying to LEV III FTP emission standards on a 150,000-mile 

durability basis shall also certify to the SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, as tested in accordance 

with the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” 
D-15

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2 Determining NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Values of LEV II Test Groups. For carry-over test groups 

certified to LEV II FTP emission standards, SFTP emission values shall be converted to NMOG+NOx and 

projected out to 120,000 miles or 150,000 miles (depending on LEV II FTP certification) using 

deterioration factors or aged components., NMHC emission values for the US06 and SC03 test cycles

shall be converted to NMOG emission values by multiplying by a factor of 1.03. In lieu of deriving a 

deterioration factor specific to SFTP test cycles, carry-over test groups may use the applicable 

deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in order to determine the carry-over composite emission values for 

the purpose of the NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average calculation. If an SFTP full-useful life 

emission value is used to comply with SFTP 4k standards, that value may be used in the sales-weighted 

fleet-average without applying an additional deterioration factor. 3 MDPVs are excluded from SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards and the sales-weighted fleet 

average until they are certified to LEV III FTP 150,000-mile NMOG+NOx and CO requirements. 4 Test groups shall certify to bins in increments of 0.010 g/mi. Beginning with the 2018 model year, vehicles 

may not certify to bin values above a maximum of 0.180 g/mi. 5 Calculating the sales-weighted average for NMOG+NOx. For each model year, the manufacturer shall 

calculate its sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value as follows. 

( ) ( )

∑( )

∑

=

=





 





×

n

i

i

n

i

i i

number of vehicles in the test group

number of vehicles in the test group composite value of bin

1

1

where "n" = a manufacturer’s total number of PC, LDT, and, if applicable, MDPV certification bins, in a 

given model year including carry-over certification bins, certifying to SFTP composite emission 

standards in that model year;

 “number of vehicles in the test group” = the number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale in 

California in the certification test group; and

 "Composite Value of Bin" = the numerical value selected by the manufacturer for the certification 

bin that serves as the emission standard for the vehicles in the test group with respect to all testing for 

test groups certifying to SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, and the SFTP carry-over composite 

emission value, as described in footnote 7 of this table, for carry-over LEV II test groups. 6 Calculation of Fleet Average Total NMOG+NOx Credits or Debits. A manufacturer shall calculate the total 

NMOG+NOx credits or debits, as follows:

[(NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Standard) – (Manufacturer’s Sales-Weighted Fleet-Average 

Composite Emission Value)]

x (Total Number of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California in the 0-8,500 lbs GVWR 

plus MDPVs classes, if applicable) [Eq. 3]

A negative number constitutes total NMOG+NOx debits, and a positive number constitutes total 

NMOG+NOx credits accrued by the manufacturer for the given model year. Total NMOG+NOx credits 

earned in a given model year retain full value through the fifth model year after they are earned. At the 

beginning of the sixth model year, the total NMOG+NOx credits have no value. A manufacturer may trade 

credits with other manufacturers

A manufacturer shall equalize total NMOG+NOx debits within three model years after they have been 

incurred by earning NMOG+NOx credits in an amount equal to the total NMOG+NOx debits. If total 

NMOG+NOx debits are not equalized within the three model-year period, the manufacturer is subject to 

the Health and Safety Code section 43211 civil penalty applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new 

motor vehicle that does not meet the applicable emission standards adopted by the state board. The 

cause of action shall be deemed to accrue when the total NMOG+NOx debits are not equalized by the 

end of the specified time period. For the purposes of Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number 

of vehicles not meeting the state board’s emission standards is determined by dividing the NMOG+NOx 

debits for the model year by the NMOG+NOx composite emission standard in effect during the model year 

in which the debits were incurred.

7 Calculating the CO composite emission value. Composite emission values for CO shall be calculated in 

accordance with Equation 1 above. Unlike the NMOG+NOx composite emission standards, 

manufacturers would not be able to meet the proposed CO composite emission standard through fleet 

[Eq. 2]
D-16

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

averaging: each individual test group must comply with the standard. Test groups certified to 4,000-mile 

SFTP emission standards are not subject to this CO emission standard.

(B) SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. The following standards are the 

maximum PM exhaust emissions through the full useful life from 2017 and subsequent 

model-year LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes 

when operating on any the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In 

the case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the 

LEV III certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. Manufacturers 

must certify LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes, which are 

certifying to LEV III FTP PM emission standards in subsection (a)(2) on a 150,000-mile 

durability basis, to the SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards set forth in this 

subsection (a)(7)(B). 

SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for 2017 and Subsequent 

Model LEV III Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty 

Passenger Vehicles1

Vehicle Type Test Weight Mileage for 

Compliance

Test 

Cycle

PM 

(mg/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-6,000 lbs GVWR

Loaded 

vehicle weight 150,000 US06 10.0

LDTs 6,001-8,500 lbs GVWR; 

MDPVs 

Loaded 

vehicle weight 150,000 US06 20.0

1 All PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs certified to LEV III FTP PM emission standards in subsection (a)(2) on a 

150,000-mile durability basis shall comply with the SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards in this table.

(C) SFTP II NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for MediumDuty Vehicles. The following standards are the maximum NMOG+NOx and CO 

composite emission values for full useful life of 2016 and subsequent model-year 

medium-duty LEV III ULEVs and SULEVs from 8,501 through 14,000 pounds GVWR 

when operating on any the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In 

the case of flex-fueled vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV 

III certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. The following 

composite emission standards do not apply to MDPVs subject to the emission 

standards presented in subsections (a)(7)(A) and (a)(7)(B).
D-17

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards for 2016 and 

Subsequent Model ULEVs and SULEVs in the Medium-Duty Vehicle Class

Vehicle Type Mileage for 

Compliance

HP/GVWR2 Test Cycle3,4,5 Vehicle 

Emission 

Category56

Composite Emission 

Standard1

(g/mi)

NMOG + 

NOx

Carbon 

Monoxide

MDVs 8,501 -

10,000 lbs 

GVWR

150,000

≤ 0.024 US06 Bag 2, 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.550 22.0

SULEV 0.350 12.0

> 0.024 Full US06, 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.800 22.0

SULEV 0.450 12.0

MDVs 10,001-

14,000 lbs 

GVWR

150,000

n/a

Hot 1435 UC 

(Hot 1435

LA92), SC03, 

FTP

ULEV 0.550 6.0

SULEV 0.350

4.0

1 Manufacturers shall use Equation 1 in subsection (a)(7)(A)2 to calculate SFTP Composite Emission Values for 

each test group subject to the emission standards in this table. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR, the 

emission results from the UC test shall be used in place of results from the US06 test. 2 Power to Weight Ratio. If all vehicles in a test group have a power to weight ratio at or below a threshold of 

0.024, they may opt to run the US06 Bag 2 in lieu of the full US06 cycle. The cutoff is determined by using a 

ratio of the engine’s maximum rated horsepower, as established by the engine manufacturer in the vehicle’s 

Application for Certification, to the vehicle’s GVWR in pounds and does not include any horsepower 

contributed by electric motors in the case of hybrid electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Manufacturers 

may opt to test to the full cycle regardless of the calculated ratio; in such case, manufacturers shall meet the 

emission standards applicable to vehicles with power-to-weight ratios greater than 0.024. 3 Test Weight. Medium-duty vehicles are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight (average of curb weight 

and GVWR). 4 Road Speed Fan. Manufacturers have the option to use a road speed modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–

96(d)(1) instead of a fixed speed fan for MDV SFTP testing. 5

 If a manufacturer provides an engineering evaluation for a test group showing that SC03 emissions are

equivalent to or lower than FTP emissions, the FTP emission value may be used in place of the SC03 

emission value when determining the composite emission value for that test group. 56 Vehicle Emission Categories. For MDVs 8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of 

MDVs certified to an SFTP emission category set forth in this section 1961.2 shall be equal to or greater than 

the total percentage certified to the FTP ULEV250, ULEV200, SULEV170, and SULEV150 emission 

categories; of these vehicles, the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP SULEV emission category shall be 

equal to or greater than the total percentage certified to both the FTP SULEV170 and SULEV150 emission 

categories. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of MDVs certified to an 

SFTP emission category set forth in this section 1961.2 shall be equal to or greater than the total percentage 

certified to the FTP ULEV400, ULEV270, SULEV230, and SULEV200 emission categories; of these vehicles, 

the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP SULEV emission category shall be equal to or greater than the 

total percentage certified to both the FTP SULEV230 and SULEV200 emission categories. 

(D) SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles. The 

following standards are the maximum PM composite emission values for the full useful 

life of 2017 and subsequent model-year LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs when 

operating on any the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In the 

case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III 

certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. The following composite 

emission standards do not apply to MDPVs subject to the emission standards set forth 

in subsections (a)(7)(A) and (a)(7)(B).
D-18

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for 2017 and Subsequent Model MediumDuty Vehicles1

Vehicle Type Test Weight Mileage for 

Compliance

Hp/GVWR 2 Test Cycle3,4 PM 

(mg/mi)

MDVs 8,501-10,000 lbs 

GVWR

Adjusted 

loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000

≤ 0.024 US06 Bag 2 7.0

>0.024 US06 10.0

MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs 

GVWR

Adjusted 

loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000 n/a

Hot 1435

UC (Hot 

1435 LA92)

7.0

1 Except for MDPVs subject to the emission standards set forth in subsection (a)(7)(B), MDVs certified to 

150,000-mile FTP PM emission standards in subsection (a)(2) shall comply with the SFTP PM Exhaust 

Emission Standards in this table.

2 Power to Weight Ratio. If all vehicles in a test group have a power to weight ratio at or below a threshold of 

0.024, they may opt to run the US06 Bag 2 in lieu of the full US06 cycle. The cutoff is determined by using a 

ratio of the engine’s horsepower to the vehicle’s GVWR in pounds and does not include any horsepower 

contributed by electric motors in the case of hybrid electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Manufacturers 

may opt to test to the full cycle regardless of the calculated ratio; in such case, manufacturers shall meet the 

emission standards applicable to vehicles with power-to-weight ratios greater than 0.024. 3 Road Speed Fan. Manufacturers have the option to use a road speed modulated fan as specified in § 

86.107–96(d)(1) instead of a fixed speed fan for MDV SFTP testing. 4 Manufacturers shall use Equation 1 above to calculate SFTP Composite PM Emission Values for each test 

group subject to the emission standards in this table. For MDVs 8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR certifying to the 

US06 Bag 2 PM emission standard, the emission results from the US06 Bag 2 test shall be used in place of 

results from the full US06 test. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR, the emission results from the UC test 

shall be used in place of results from the US06 test. 

(8) Interim In-Use Compliance Standards. 

(A) LEV III NMOG+NOx Interim In-Use Compliance Standards. The 

following interim in-use compliance standards shall apply for the first two model years 

that a test group is certified to the LEV III standards.

1. NMOG+NOx Interim In-Use Compliance Standards for Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. For the 2015 

through 2019 model years, these standards shall apply.
D-19

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Emission 

Category

Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis

(miles)

LEV III PCs, 

LDTs, and 

MDPVs

NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

LEV160 150,000 n/a

ULEV125 150,000 n/a

ULEV70 150,000 0.100098

ULEV50 150,000 0.070

SULEV30 150,000 0.04021

SULEV20 150,000 0.030281

1

not applicable to test groups that receive PZEV credits

* * * *

(C) SFTP Interim In-Use Compliance Standards. 

* * * *

2. Test groups certified prior to the 20201 model year will be allowed 

an in-use compliance standard for PM for the first five model years that they are 

certified to the SFTP PM standard.

* * * *

(10) Requirement to Generate a Partial ZEV Allowance. For the 2015 through 

2017 model years, a manufacturer that certifies to the LEV III SULEV30 or the LEV III 

SULEV20 standards shall may also generate a partial ZEV allocation according to the 

criteria set forth in section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric 

Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes.”

* * * *

(b) Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers.

(1) Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Requirements for Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.

(A) The fleet average non-methane organic gas plus oxides of nitrogen 

exhaust mass emission values from the passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty passenger vehicles that are produced and delivered for sale in California each 

model year by a manufacturer other than a small volume manufacturer shall not exceed:
D-20

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS PLUS 

OXIDES OF NITROGEN 

EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR

PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUMDUTY PASSENGER VEHICLES

(150,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)

Model Year 

Fleet Average NMOG + NOx

(grams per mile)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. 

LVW

LDTs

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVWR;

All MDPVs

20141 0.107 0.128

2015 0.100 0.119

2016 0.093 0.110

2017 0.086 0.101

2018 0.079 0.092

2019 0.072 0.083

2020 0.065 0.074

2021 0.058 0.065

2022 0.051 0.056

2023 0.044 0.047

2024 0.037 0.038

2025+ 0.030 0.030

1 For the 2014 model year, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx values in this 

table in lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in subsection 1961(a)(b)(1)(A). A 

manufacturer must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 

fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 

fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A manufacturer must calculate its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using 

the applicable full useful standards.

1. Pooling Provision.

a. For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate 

compliance with the fleet average requirements in this subsection (b)(1)(A) based 

on one of two options applicable throughout the model year, either:

Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California 

exhaust emission standards in subsection (a) and subsection 1961(a)(1), and 

are produced and delivered for sale in California; or
D-21

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California 

exhaust emission standards in subsection (a) and subsection 1961(a)(1), and 

are produced and delivered for sale in California, the District of Columbia, and 

all states that have adopted California's criteria pollutant emission standards 

set forth in this section 1961.2 for that model year pursuant to section 177 of 

the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

b. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the 

Executive Officer of that selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable 

model year or must comply with Option 1.

c. When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 2 for 

a given model year, the term "in California" as used in this section 1961.2 means 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's 

criteria pollutant emission standards set forth in this section 1961.2 for that model 

year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

d. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must provide to the 

Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles in each test group

produced and delivered for sale in the District of Columbia and for each individual 

state within the average.

2. PZEV Anti-Backsliding Requirement. In the 2018 and subsequent 

model years, a manufacturer must produce and deliver for sale in California a 

minimum percentage of its passenger car and light-duty truck fleet that certifies to 

SULEV30 and SULEV20 standards. This minimum percentage must be equal to the 

average percentage of PZEVs produced and deliver for sale in California for that 

manufacturer based for the 2015 through 2017 model year. For the 2018 model 

year, a A manufacturer may calculate this average percentage using the projected 

sales for these 2017 model years in lieu of actual sales.

(B) Calculation of Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Value.

1. Basic Calculation.

a. Each manufacturer’s PC and LDT1 fleet average NMOG + NOx 

value for the total number of PCs and LDT1s produced and delivered for sale in 

California shall be calculated as follows:

(Σ [Number of vehicles in a test group excluding off-vehicle charge capable hybrid 

electric vehicles x applicable emission standard] +

Σ [Number of off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles in a test group x 

HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor]) ÷
D-22

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Total Number of PCs plus LDT1s Produced and Delivered for sale in California, 

Including ZEVs and HEVs

b. Each manufacturer’s LDT2 and MDPV fleet average NMOG+NOx 

value for the total number of LDT2s and MDPVs produced and delivered for sale 

in California shall be calculated as follows:

(Σ [Number of vehicles in a test group excluding off-vehicle charge capable hybrid 

electric vehicles x applicable emission standard] +

Σ [Number of off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles in a test group x HEV 

NMOG factor]) ÷

Total Number of LDT2s plus MDPVs Produced and Delivered for sale in California, 

Including ZEVs and HEVs

c. The applicable emission standards to be used in the above 

equations are as follows:
D-23

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Model Year Emission 

Category

Emission Standard Value1

(g/mi)

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751-5750 lbs. LVW;

All MDPVs

2015 and subsequent 

model year federallycertified vehicles

(AB 965 vehicles 

only)2

All

Sum of the NMOG and 

NOx Federal Emission 

Standards to which Vehicle 

is Certified

Sum of the NMOG and NOx 

Federal Emission Standards to 

which Vehicle is Certified

Model Year Emission 

Category

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVWR; All MDPVs

2015 through 2019 

model year vehicles 

certified to the “LEV 

II” standards in 

subsection 

1961(a)(1);

2015 and subsequent 

model year vehicles 

certified to the “LEV 

III” standards in 

subsection 

1961.2(a)(1)

LEV II LEVs;

LEV160s 0.160 0.160

LEV II ULEVs;

LEV125s 0.125 0.125

ULEV70s 0.070 0.070

ULEV50s 0.050 0.050

LEV II SULEVs;

SULEV30s 0.030 0.030

SULEV20s 0.020 0.020

LEV II LEVs;

LEV395s n/a 0.395

LEV II ULEVs n/a 0.343

ULEV340s n/a 0.340

ULEV250s n/a 0.250

ULEV200s n/a 0.200

SULEV170s n/a 0.170

SULEV150s n/a 0.150

1 For LEV III vehicle test groups that meet the extended emission warranty requirements in subsection 

(a)(9), the applicable emission standard value shall be the emission standard value set forth in this table 

minus 5 mg/mi.

2 “AB 965 vehicles” are those certified in accordance with the “Guidelines for Certification of 2003 and 

Subsequent Model-Year Federally Certified Light-Duty Motor Vehicles for Sale in California,” incorporated 

by reference in section 2062.

2. NMOG+NOx Contribution Factor for Off-vehicle Charge Capable 

HEVs. The HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor for light-duty off-vehicle charge 

capable hybrid electric vehicles is calculated as follows:
D-24

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

LEV160 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.160 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.035]

ULEV125 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.125 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.055]

ULEV70 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.070 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

ULEV50 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.050 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

SULEV30 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.030 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.010]

SULEV20 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.020 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

Where the Zero-emission VMT Allowance for off-vehicle charge capable HEVs is 

determined in accordance with section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission 

Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and 

Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and 

Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and 

Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty 

Vehicle Classes,” as applicable, except that for the purposes of this subsection 

(b)(1)(B)2, the maximum allowable Zero-emission VMT Allowance that may be used 

in these equations is 1.0. This subsection (b)(1)(B)2 shall only apply to off-vehicle 

charge capable HEVs certified to the LEV III standards set forth in subsection (a)(1).

3. Federally-Certified Vehicles. A vehicle certified to the federal 

standards for a federal exhaust emissions bin in accordance with section H.1 of the 

“California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles” shall use the sum of the corresponding LEV II 

NMOG and NOx emission category value set forth in subsection (b)(1)(B)1.c for the 

fleet average calculation. If a vehicle is certified to 150,000 mile standards for a 

federal exhaust emission bin and the corresponding California NMOG+NOx 

emission category is a LEV III category, it may use the emission standard value for 

that LEV III category as set forth in subsection (b)(1)(B)1.c.

* * * *

(3) LEV III Phase-In Requirements for Medium-Duty Vehicles, Other than 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

(A) A manufacturer of MDVs, other than a small volume manufacturer, 

shall certify at least the following percentage of its MDV fleet according to the following 

phase-in schedule: 
D-25

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Model 

Year

Vehicles Certified to §1961.2(a)(1)

(%)

Vehicles 

Certified to 

§1956.8(c) 

or (h) (%)

LEV II LEV; 

LEV III

LEV395 or 

LEV630

LEV II ULEV;

LEV III 

ULEV340 or 

ULEV570

LEV III 

ULEV250 or 

ULEV400

LEV III

SULEV170 or 

SULEV230 ULEV

2015 40 60 0 0 100

2016 20 60 20 0 100

2017 10 50 40 0 100

2018 0 40 50 10 100

2019 0 30 40 30 100

2020 0 20 30 50 100

2021 0 10 20 70 100

2022 + 0 0 10 90 100

* * * *

 

(c) Calculation of NMOG + NOx Credits/Debits

* * * *

(2) Calculation of Vehicle-Equivalent NMOG + NOx Credits for Medium-Duty 

Vehicles Other than MDPVs.

(A) In 20152016 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that 

produces and delivers for sale in California MDVs, other than MDPVs, in excess of the 

equivalent requirements for LEV III vehicles certified to the exhaust emission standards 

set forth in subsection (a)(1), shall receive “Vehicle-Equivalent Credits” (or “VECs”) 

calculated in accordance with the following equation, where the term “produced” means 

produced and delivered for sale in California:

{[(1.2) x [(No. of ULEV340s and ULEV570s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV340 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV340s) +

(No. of ULEV570 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV570s)] –

(Equivalent No. of ULEV340s and ULEV570s Required to be Produced)} + 
D-26

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

{[(1.4) x [(No. of ULEV250s and ULEV400s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV250 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV250s) +

(No. of ULEV400 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV400s)] -

[(1.4) x (Equivalent No. of ULEV250s and ULEV270s Required to be Produced)]} + 

{[(1.5) x [(No. of ULEV200s and ULEV270s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV200 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV200s) + 

(No. of ULEV270 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV270s)] -

[(1.5) x (Equivalent No. of ULEV200s and ULEV270s Required to be Produced)]} + 

{[(1.6) x [(No. of SULEV170s and SULEV230s Produced excluding HEVs) +

(No. of SULEV170 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV170s) + 

(No. of SULEV230 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV230s)] -

[(1.6) x [(Equivalent No. of SULEV170s and SULEV230s Required to be 

Produced)]} + 

{[(1.7) x [(No. of SULEV150s and SULEV200s Produced excluding HEVs) +

(No. of SULEV150 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV150s) + 

(No. of SULEV200 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV200s)] -

[(1.7) x [(Equivalent No. of SULEV150s and SULEV200s Required to be 

Produced)]} + 

[(2.0) x (No. of ZEVs Certified and Produced as MDVs)].

(B) MDV HEV VEC factor. The MDV HEV VEC factor is calculated as 

follows:

For ULEV340s: 1+�

(ULEV340 standard−ULEV250 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV340 standard �;

For ULEV250s: 1+�

(ULEV250 standard−ULEV200 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV250 standard �;

 

For ULEV200s: 1+�

(ULEV200 standard−SULEV170 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV3200 standard �;

For SULEV170s: 1+�

(SULEV170 standard−SULEV150 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV170 standard �;

 

For SULEV150s: 1+�

(SULEV150 standard−ZEV standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV150 standard �;
D-27

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

For ULEV570s: 1+�

(ULEV570 standard−ULEV400 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV570 standard �;

For ULEV400s: 1+�

(ULEV400 standard−ULEV270 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV400 standard �;

For ULEV270s: 1+�

(ULEV270 standard−SULEV230 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV270 standard �;

 

For SULEV230s: 1+�

(SULEV230 standard−SULEV200 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV230 standard � 

For SULEV200s: 1+�

(SULEV200 standard−ZEV standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV200 standard �

where “Zero-emission VMT Allowance” for an HEV is determined in accordance with 

section C of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by 

reference in section 1962.1, or the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, as applicable, except that for the 

purposes of this subsection (c)(2)(B), the maximum allowable Zero-emission VMT 

Allowance that may be used in these equations is 1.0.

* * * *

(f) Severability. Each provision of this section is severable, and in the event that 

any provision of this section is held to be invalid, the remainder of both this section and 

this article remains in full force and effect.

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105, and 

43106, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 43013, 

43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204, and 43205, Health and Safety 

Code.
D-28

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

3. Adopt new title 13, CCR, section 1961.3 to read as follows: (Note: the entire text of 

section 1961.3 set forth below is new language proposed to be added to the California 

Code of Regulations.)

§ 1961.3. Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures -

2017 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and MediumDuty Vehicles.

* * * *

(a) Greenhouse Gas Emission Requirements. 

* * * *

(5) Calculation of Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Value. 

* * * *

(D) For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate 

compliance with the fleet average requirements in section (a)(1) based on one of two 

options applicable throughout the model year, either:

Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California 

exhaust emission standards in section 1961.3, and are produced and 

delivered for sale in California; or

Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California 

exhaust emission standards in this section 1961.3, and are produced and 

delivered for sale in California, the District of Columbia, and all states that 

have adopted California's greenhouse gas emission standards for that 

model year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 

§ 7507).

1. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify 

the Executive Officer of that selection, in writing, prior to the start of the 

applicable model year or must comply with Option 1. Once a manufacturer has 

selected compliance Option 2, that selection shall apply unless the 

manufacturer selects Option 1 and notifies the Executive Officer of that 

selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable model year. 

2. When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 

2 for a given model year, the term "in California" as used in section 1961.3 

means California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted 
D-29

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

California's greenhouse gas emission standards for that model year pursuant 

to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

3. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must provide 

to the Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles in each 

model type and footprint value produced and delivered for sale in the District 

of Columbia and for each individual state within the average and the City CO2

Value and Highway CO2 exhaust emission values that apply to each model 

type and footprint value.

* * * *

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43101, 43104 and 

43105, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 

43013, 43018, 43018.5, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204, 43205, 

and 43211, Health and Safety Code.

.
D-30

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

4. Amend title 13, CCR, section 1976 to read as follows:

§ 1976. Standards and Test Procedures for Motor Vehicle Fuel Evaporative 

Emissions.

* * * *

(b)(1) Evaporative emissions for 1978 and subsequent model gasoline-fueled, 1983 

and subsequent model liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, and 1993 and subsequent model 

alcohol-fueled motor vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles subject to exhaust emission 

standards under this article, except petroleum-fueled diesel vehicles, compressed 

natural gas-fueled vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles that have sealed fuel systems which 

can be demonstrated to have no evaporative emissions, and motorcycles, shall not 

exceed the following standards:

* * * *

(G) For 2015 and subsequent model motor vehicles, the following 

evaporative emission requirements apply: 

* * * *

1. A manufacturer must certify all vehicles subject to this section to the 

emission standards specified in either Option 1 or Option 2 below.

* * * *

b. Option 2. The evaporative emissions from 2015 and subsequent 

model motor vehicles, tested in accordance with the test procedure sequence 

described in the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles,” incorporated by 

reference in section 1976(c), shall not exceed:

* * * *

5 Calculation of Hydrocarbon Credits or Debits for the Fleet-Average Option. 

(1) Calculation of Hydrocarbon Credits or Debits. For each emission standard category in the model 

year, a manufacturer shall calculate the hydrocarbon credits or debits, as follows:

[(Applicable Hydrocarbon Emission Standard for the Emission Standard Category) – (Manufacturer’s 

Fleet-Average Hydrocarbon Emission Value for the Emission Standard Category)] X (Total Number of 

Affected Vehicles)

where “Total Number of Affected Vehicles” = the total number of vehicles in the evaporative 

families participating in the fleet-average option, which are produced and delivered for 

sale in California, for the emission standard category of the given model year.

A negative number constitutes hydrocarbon debits, and a positive number constitutes hydrocarbon 

credits accrued by the manufacturer for the given model year. Hydrocarbon credits earned in a given 
D-31

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

model year shall retain full value through the fifth model year after they are earned. At the beginning 

of the sixth model year, the hydrocarbon credits will have no value.

(2) Procedure for Offsetting Hydrocarbon Debits. A manufacturer shall offset hydrocarbon debits with 

hydrocarbon credits for each emission standard category within three model years after the debits 

have been incurred. If total hydrocarbon debits are not equalized within three model years after they 

have been incurred, the manufacturer shall be subject to the Health and Safety Code section 43211 

civil penalties applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new motor vehicle that does not meet the 

applicable emission standards adopted by the state board. The cause of action shall be deemed to 

accrue when the hydrocarbon debits are not equalized by the end of the specified time period. For 

the purposes of Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number of vehicles not meeting the state 

board’s emission standards shall be determined by dividing the total amount of hydrocarbon debits for 

the model year in the emission standard category by the applicable hydrocarbon emission standard 

for the model year in which the debits were first incurred.

Additionally, a manufacturer may use the excess hydrocarbon credits from the emission standard 

categories of (1) passenger cars and light-duty trucks 6,000 pounds GVWR and under, and 0 - 3,750 

pounds LVW and (2) light-duty trucks 6,000 pounds GVWR and under, and 3,751 – 5,750 pounds 

LVW to equalize the hydrocarbon debits that remain at the end of the three model year offset period 

of any emission standard category. to equalize the hydrocarbon debits that remain at the end of the 

three model year offset period: (1) hydrocarbon credits may be exchanged between passenger cars 

and light-duty trucks 6,000 pounds GVWR and under and 0-3,750 pounds LVW, and light-duty trucks 

6,000 pounds GVWR and under and 3,751-5,750 pounds LVW and (2) hydrocarbon credits may be 

exchanged between light-duty trucks 6,001-8,500 pounds GVWR and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles, and medium-duty vehicles and heavy-duty vehicles.

6 Vehicle Canister Bleed Emission. Compliance with the canister bleed emission standard shall be 

determined based on the Bleed Emission Test Procedure described in the “California Evaporative 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles,” 

incorporated by reference in section 1976(c), and demonstrated on a stabilized canister system. 

Vehicles with a non-integrated refueling canister-only system are exempt from the canister bleed 

emission standard.

2. Phase-In Schedule. For each model year, a manufacturer shall 

certify, at a minimum, the specified percentage of its vehicle fleet to the evaporative 

emission standards set forth in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.a. or section 

1976(b)(1)(G)1.b., according to the schedule set forth below. For the purpose of this 

section 1976(b)(1)(G)2., the manufacturer's vehicle fleet consists of the vehicles 

produced and delivered for sale by the manufacturer in California that are subject to 

the emission standards in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1. All 2015 through 2022 model 

motor vehicles that are not subject to these standards pursuant to the phase-in 

schedule shall comply with the requirements for 2004 through 2014 model motor 

vehicles, as described in section 1976(b)(1)(F).
D-32

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Model Years Minimum Percentage of Vehicle Fleet (1)(2)

2015, 2016, and 2017 Average of vehicles certified to section 1976(b)(1)(E) in 

model years 2012, 2013, and 2014(3)(4)

2018 and 2019 60

2020 and 2021 80

2022 and subsequent 100

1 For the 2018 through 2022 model years only, a manufacturer may use an alternate phase-in schedule 

to comply with the phase-in requirements. An alternate phase-in schedule must achieve equivalent 

compliance volume by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in (2022). The 

compliance volume is the number calculated by multiplying the percent of vehicles (based on the 

manufacturer’s projected sales volume of all vehicles) meeting the new requirements in each model 

year by the number of years implemented prior to and including the last model year of the scheduled 

phase-in, then summing these yearly results to determine a cumulative total. The cumulative total of 

the five year (60/60/80/80/100) scheduled phase-in set forth above is calculated as follows: (60*5 

years) + (60*4 years) + (80*3 years) + (80*2 years) + (100*1 year) = 1040. Accordingly, the required 

cumulative total for any alternate phase-in schedule of these emission standards is 1040. The 

Executive Officer shall consider acceptable any alternate phase-in schedule that results in an equal 

or larger cumulative total by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in (2022).

2 Small volume manufacturers are not required to comply with the phase-in schedule set forth in this 

table. Instead, they shall certify 100 percent of their 2022 and subsequent model year vehicle fleet to 

the evaporative emission standards set forth in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.a. or section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.b. 

3 The percentage of vehicle fleet averaged across the 2015, 2016, and 2017 model years shall be used 

to determine compliance with this requirement.

34 The minimum percentage required in the 2015, 2016, and 2017 model years is determined by 

averaging the percentage of vehicles certified to the emission standards in section 1976(b)(1)(E) in 

each of the manufacturer’s 2012, 2013, and 2014 model year vehicle fleets. For the purpose of 

calculating this average, a manufacturer shall use the percentage of vehicles produced and delivered 

for sale in California for the 2012, and 2013, and 2014 model years, and the percentage of projected 

sales in California for the 2014 model year.. A manufacturer may calculate this average percentage 

using the projected sales for these model years in lieu of actual sales.

3. Carry-Over of 2014 Model-Year Evaporative Families Certified to 

the Zero-Fuel Evaporative Emission Standards. A manufacturer may carry over 

2014 model motor vehicles certified to the zero-fuel (0.0 grams per test) evaporative 

emission standards set forth in section 1976(b)(1)(E) through the 2018 model year 

and be considered compliant with the requirements of section 1976(b)(1)(G)1. If the 

manufacturer chooses to participate in the fleet-average option for the highest whole 

vehicle diurnal plus hot soak emission standard, the following family emission limits 

are assigned to these evaporative families for the calculation of the manufacturer’s 

fleet-average hydrocarbon emission value.
D-33

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Vehicle Type Highest Whole Vehicle 

Diurnal + Hot Soak 

(grams per test)

Passenger cars 0.300

Light-duty trucks 

6,000 lbs. GVWR and under, 

and 0 - 3,750 lbs. LVW

0.300

Light-duty trucks 

6,000 lbs. GVWR and under, 

and 3,751 – 5,750 lbs. LVW 

0.400

Light-duty trucks 

6,001 - 8,500 lbs. GVWR

0.500

4. Pooling Provision. The following pooling provision applies to the 

fleet-average option for the Highest Whole Vehicle Diurnal Plus Hot Soak Emission 

Standard in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.b. and to the phase-in requirements in section 

1976(b)(1)(G)2. 

a. For the fleet-average option set forth in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.b., a 

manufacturer must demonstrate compliance, for each model year, based on one 

of two options applicable throughout the model year, either:

Pooling Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, medium-duty vehicles, and 

heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the California evaporative 

emission standards in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.b., and are produced 

and delivered for sale in California; or

Pooling Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, medium-duty vehicles, and 

heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the California evaporative 

emission standards in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.b., and are produced 

and delivered for sale in California, the District of Columbia, and all 

states that have adopted California's evaporative emission standards 

set forth in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1. for that model year pursuant to 

section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

b. For the phase-in requirements in section 1976(b)(1)(G)2., a 

manufacturer must demonstrate compliance, for each model year, based on one 

of two options applicable throughout the model year, either:

Pooling Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, medium-duty vehicles, and 

heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the California evaporative 

emission standards in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1., and are produced and 

delivered for sale in California; or
D-34

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Pooling Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty 

trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, medium-duty vehicles, and 

heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the California evaporative 

emission standards in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1., and are produced and 

delivered for sale in California, the District of Columbia, and all states 

that have adopted California's evaporative emission standards set forth 

in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1. for that model year pursuant to section 177 

of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

c. A manufacturer that selects Pooling Option 2 must notify the 

Executive Officer of that selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable 

model year if the manufacturer had not selected the Pooling Option 2 for the 

previous model year, or must comply with Pooling Option 1.

d. When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Pooling 

Option 2 for a given model year, the term "in California" as used in section 

1976(b)(1)(G) means California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have 

adopted California's evaporative emission standards for that model year pursuant 

to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

e. A manufacturer that selects Pooling Option 2 must provide to the 

Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles in each evaporative 

family produced and delivered for sale in the District of Columbia and for each 

individual state within the average and the emission standard category and family 

emission limit value to which each evaporative family certifies. A manufacturer 

must group data submitted in accordance with this subsection (b)(1)(G)4 for the 

District of Columbia in a single document. For each individual state within the 

average, a manufacturer must group data submitted in accordance with this 

subsection (b)(1)(G)4 so that all data applicable to a specific state is contained in 

a single document.

5. Optional Certification for 2014 Model Motor Vehicles. A 

manufacturer may optionally certify its 2014 model motor vehicles to the evaporative 

emission standards set forth in section 1976(b)(1)(G)1.

* * * *

Note: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 39667, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105, 

43106 and 43107, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 39667, 

43000, 43009.5, 43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43107, 43204 

and 43205 Health and Safety Code.
D-35

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

5. Amend title 13, CCR, section 1978 to read as follows:

§1978. Standards and Test Procedures for Vehicle Refueling Emissions.

* * * *

(4) Beginning with model year 2015, all vehicles subject to the refueling emission 

standards in section 1978(a)(1) shall demonstrate compliance except incomplete 

vehicles of 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating or less that are optionally certified 

to complete heavy-duty vehicle standards under the provisions of 40 CFR §86.1801–

01(c)(2)certified as incomplete vehicles for the purposes of evaporative emissions 

testing as set forth in the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles,” incorporated by reference 

in section 1976.

* * * *

NOTE: Authority cited: Sections 39500, 39600, 39601, 39667, 43013, 43018, 43101, 43104, 43105, and 

43106, Health and Safety Code. Reference: Sections 39002, 39003, 39500, 39667, 43000, 43009.5, 

43013, 43018, 43100, 43101, 43101.5, 43102, 43104, 43105, 43106, 43204 and 43205, Health and 

Safety Code. 
D-36

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

California Environmental Protection Agency

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFICATIONS

CALIFORNIA 2001 THROUGH 2014 MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND FOR 2009 THROUGH 2016

AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION 

STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR

PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

Adopted: August 5, 1999

Amended: December 27, 2000

Amended: July 30, 2002

Amended: September 5, 2003 (corrected February 20, 2004)

Amended: May 28, 2004

Amended: August 4, 2005 

Amended: June 22, 2006

Amended: October 17, 2007

Amended: May 2, 2008

Amended: December 2, 2009

Amended: February 22, 2010

Amended: March 29, 2010

Amended: September 27, 2010

Amended: [INSERT DATE OF AMENDMENT]

Note: The following text contains staff’s suggested modifications to these test procedures as 

originally proposed December 7, 2011. The proposed amendments to this document are shown 

in underline to indicate additions and strikeout to indicate deletions compared to the test 

procedures as last amended September 27, 2010. Modifications to the originally proposed 

language made available in connection with this “15-Day Notice” are shown in double underline

to indicate additions and double strikeout to indicate deletions compared to the test procedures as 

proposed December 7, 2011. Staff is proposing modifications to limited portions of the original 

proposal; for some portions where no modifications are proposed the text has been omitted and 

the omission indicated by “* * * *.”
D-37

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

* * * *

Amend “CALIFORNIA EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES 

FOR 2001 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS 

AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES, “ as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code 

of Regulations, Section 1961(d) to read: 

* * * *

CALIFORNIA 2001 THROUGH 2014 MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND FOR 2009 THROUGH 2016

AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION 

STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY 

TRUCKS AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

* * * *

PART I: GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTIFICATION AND IN-USE 

VERIFICATION OF EMISSIONS

* * * *

D. §86.1810 General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; waivers 

* * * *

2. Supplemental FTP General Provisions for California. 

2.1 Amend 40 CFR §86.1810-01(i) as follows:

* * * *

2.1.2 Subparagraph (4) [No change.] Delete subparagraph (4); replace with: 

The SFTP standards apply to PCs and LDTs certified on alternative fuels. The standards 

also apply to the gasoline and diesel fuel operation of fuel-flexible PCs and LDTs, and 

dual-fuel PCs and LDTs.

* * * *

2.1.4 Delete subparagraph (6); replace with: Air to Fuel Ratio Requirement. 

With the exception of cold-start conditions, warm-up conditions and rapid-throttle motion 

conditions (“tip-in” or “tip-out” conditions), the air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any 

time than, for a given engine operating condition (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, 

coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters), the leanest air to 

fuel mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best torque) with a tolerance of six

three percent of the fuel consumption. The emission control system shall remain in the 

operating mode producing the best balance of HC, CO, and NOx catalyst efficiency (e.g. 
D-38

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

closed loop/stoichiometric operation on 3-way catalyst systems) under all conditions, 

except when required for engine component temperature protection, driver power request, 

start enrichment requirements, fuel shut-off situations (decelerations, rev limiter, torque 

management, etc.), or certain component malfunctions preventing safe closed-loop 

operation. The Executive Officer may approve a manufacturer's request for approval to 

use additional enrichment in subsequent testing if the manufacturer demonstrates that 

additional enrichment is needed to protect the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission 

control hardware.

* * * *

E. California Exhaust Emission Standards.

* * * *

2. Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers

2.1 Fleet Average NMOG Requirements for Passenger Cars and Light-Duty 

Trucks.

2.1.1 The fleet average non-methane organic gas exhaust mass emission values 

from the passenger cars and light-duty trucks produced and delivered for sale in 

California each model year by a manufacturer other than a small volume manufacturer or 

an independent low volume manufacturer shall not exceed:
D-39

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS 

EXHAUST MASS EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR

LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE WEIGHT CLASSES

(50,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)

Model Year Fleet Average NMOG (g/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. 

LVW

LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW -

8500 lbs. GVWR

2001 0.070 0.098

2002 0.068 0.095

2003 0.062 0.093

2004 0.053 0.085

2005 0.049 0.076

2006 0.046 0.062

2007 0.043 0.055

2008 0.040 0.050

2009 0.038 0.047

2010-20141 + 0.035 0.043

1 For the 2014 model year only, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx values 

in the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures 

and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles,” in lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values 

in this table. A manufacturer must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements for both its 

PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average requirements for both its 

PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A manufacturer must calculate its fleet average NMOG+NOx values 

using the applicable full useful standards.

* * * *
D-40

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

California Environmental Protection Agency

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFICATIONS

CALIFORNIA 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND 2017 AND SUBSEQUENT 

MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

Adopted: [INSERT DATE OF ADOPTION]

NOTE: The following text contains staff’s suggested modifications to these test procedures as 

originally proposed December 7, 2011. Modifications to the originally proposed 

language made available in connection with this “15-Day Notice” are shown in double 

underline to indicate additions and double strikeout to indicate deletions compared to 

the test procedures as proposed December 7, 2011. Staff is proposing modifications to 

limited portions of the original proposal; for some portions where no modifications are 

proposed the text has been omitted and the omission indicated by “* * * *” or [No 

change]. 
D-41

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Amend “CALIFORNIA 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT 

EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND 2017 AND 

SUBSEQUENT MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND 

TEST PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES,” as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code of 

Regulations, Section 1961.2(d) to read: 

* * * *

CALIFORNIA 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL CRITERIA POLLUTANT EXHAUST 

EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES AND 2017 AND SUBSEQUENT 

MODEL GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR

PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

* * * *

PART I: GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR CERTIFICATION AND IN-USE 

VERIFICATION OF EMISSIONS

* * * *

B. Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

* * * *

2. California Definitions.

* * * *

“Small volume manufacturer” means any manufacturer whose projected or combined 

California sales of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles 

and heavy-duty engines in its product line are fewer than 4,500 units based on the average 

number of vehicles sold for the three previous consecutive model years for which a manufacturer 

seeks certification. A manufacturer's California sales shall consist of all vehicles or engines 

produced by the manufacturer and delivered for sale in California, except that vehicles or 

engines produced by the manufacturer and marketed in California by another manufacturer under 

the other manufacturer's nameplate shall be treated as California sales of the marketing 

manufacturer. 

For the 2015 through 2017 model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be 

aggregated in the following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of 

which is 10% or greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more 

firms if a third party has equity ownership of 10% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles 

produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible 

for the overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms 
D-42

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

where the vehicles are manufactured by the same entity and the importer or distributor is an 

authorized agent of the entity.

For the 2018 and subsequent model years, the annual sales from different firms shall be 

aggregated in the following situations: (1) vehicles produced by two or more firms, one of 

which is 33.4% or greater part owned by another; or (2) vehicles produced by any two or more 

firms if a third party has equity ownership of 33.4% or more in each of the firms; or (3) vehicles 

produced by two or more firms having a common corporate officer(s) who is (are) responsible 

for the overall direction of the companies; or (4) vehicles imported or distributed by any firms 

where the vehicles are manufactured by the same entity and the importer or distributor is an 

authorized agent of the entity.

* * * *

D. §86.1810 General standards; increase in emissions; unsafe conditions; waivers 

* * * *

2. Supplemental FTP General Provisions for California. 

2.1 Amend 40 CFR §86.1810-09(i) as follows:

2.1.1 Delete subparagraphs (1) through (3) [The implementation schedules for 

SFTP are set forth in section E.2.4 of these test procedures.]

2.1.2 Delete subparagraph (4); replace with: The SFTP standards set forth in 

section E.1.2 of these test procedures apply to PCs, LDTs, and MDVs certified on alternative 

fuels. The standards also apply to the gasoline and diesel fuel operation of fuel-flexible PCs, 

LDTs, and MDVs, and dual-fuel PCs, LDTs, and MDVs.

2.1.3 Subparagraph (5) [No change.]

2.1.4 Delete subparagraph (6); replace with: Air to Fuel Ratio Requirement. 

With the exception of cold-start conditions, warm-up conditions and rapid-throttle motion 

conditions (“tip-in” or “tip-out” conditions), the air to fuel ratio shall not be richer at any 

time than, for a given engine operating condition (e.g., engine speed, manifold pressure, 

coolant temperature, air charge temperature, and any other parameters), the leanest air to fuel 

mixture required to obtain maximum torque (lean best torque), with a tolerance of three six

percent of the fuel consumption. The emission control system shall remain in the operating 

mode producing the best balance of HC, CO, and NOx catalyst efficiency (e.g. closed 

loop/stoichiometric operation on 3-way catalyst systems) under all conditions, except when 

required for engine component temperature protection, driver power request, start enrichment 

requirements, fuel shut-off situations (decelerations, rev limiter, torque management, etc.), or 

certain component malfunctions preventing safe closed-loop operation. The Executive 

Officer may approve a manufacturer's request for approval to use additional enrichment in 

subsequent testing if the manufacturer demonstrates that additional enrichment is needed to 

protect the vehicle, occupants, engine, or emission control hardware.

2.1.5 Delete subparagraph (7); replace with: Single Roll Electric 

Dynamometer Requirement. For all vehicles certified to the SFTP standards, a single-roll 

electric dynamometer or a dynamometer that produces equivalent results, as set forth in 40 

CFR §86.108-00, must be used for all types of emission testing to determine compliance with 

the applicable emission standards. 
D-43

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2.1.6 Delete subparagraph (8); replace with: Small Volume Provisions. Small 

volume manufacturers of PCs, LDTs, and MDVs shall certify 100% of their PC, LDT, and 

MDV fleet in 2022 and subsequent model years under the 150,000-mile SFTP requirements 

in section E.1.2.2.

2.1.7 Subparagraphs (9) through (12) [No change.] 

2.1.8 Subparagraph (13) [No change, except that references to Tier 2 and nonTier 2 vehicles shall mean California LEV II and LEV III vehicles and references to 

NMHC+NOx shall mean NMOG+NOx.] 

2.1.9 Subparagraph (14); references to Tier 2 and non-Tier 2 vehicles shall 

mean California LEV II and LEV III vehicles.

Add the following sentence: The above provisions shall not apply to vehicles 

powered by “lean-burn” engines or Diesel-cycle engines. A “lean-burn” engine is defined as 

an Otto-cycle engine designed to run at an air-fuel ratio significantly greater than 

stoichiometry during the large majority of its operation.

2.2 For gasoline and diesel-fueled LEV II and LEV III vehicles, manufacturers may 

measure non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in lieu of NMOG. Manufacturers shall multiply 

NMHC measurements by an adjustment factor of 1.03 before adding it to the measured NOx 

emissions and comparing with the NMOG+NOx standard to determine compliance with that 

standard.

E. California Exhaust Emission Standards.

* * * *

1. Exhaust Emission Standards. 

1.1 FTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

The exhaust emission standards set forth in this section refer to the exhaust emitted over 

the driving schedule set forth in title 40, CFR, Subparts B and C, except as amended in these test 

procedures. 

1.1.1 LEV II Exhaust Standards. The following LEV II standards are the 

maximum exhaust emissions for the intermediate and full useful life from new 2004 2015

through 2019 model year LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, including fuel-flexible, bi-fuel and 

dual fuel vehicles when operating on the gaseous or alcohol fuel they are designed to use, 

except that for the 2015 through 2019 model years, SULEV exhaust standards shall only 

apply to vehicles that receive partial zero-emission vehicle credits according to the criteria 

set forth in section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures 

for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” or the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and 

Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” incorporated by reference in section 1962.2, title 13, CCR. 

Vehicles that are certified to the particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1 may not certify to 

LEV II standards.
D-44

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2015 – 2019 model-year LEV II LEV vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx 

numerical values for LEV160, LEV395, or LEV630, as applicable, in section E.1.1.2 and the 

corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in lieu of the separate 

NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this section E.1.1.1 and the corresponding 

NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.1; LEV II ULEV vehicles may be certified to 

the NMOG+NOx numerical values for ULEV125, ULEV340, or ULEV570, as applicable, in 

section E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in 

lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission standards in this section E.1.1.1 and 

the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in section E.1.4.1; and LEV II SULEV 

vehicles may be certified to the NMOG+NOx numerical values for SULEV30, SULEV170, 

or SULEV230, as applicable, in section E.1.1.2 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx 

numerical values in section E.1.4.2, in lieu of the separate NMOG and NOx exhaust emission 

standards in this section E.1.1.1 and the corresponding NMOG+NOx numerical values in 

section E.1.4.1.

LEV II Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2004 2015

Through 2019 Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicle

Vehicle Type Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis (mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category

NMOG

(g/mi)

Carbon 

Monoxide

(g/mi)

Oxides of 

Nitrogen

(g/mi)

Formaldehyde

(mg/mi)

Particulates 

(g/mi)

All PCs; 

LDTs 8,500 lbs. GVWR 

or less

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their loaded 

vehicle weight. 

50,000 LEV 0.075 3.4 0.05 15 n/a

LEV, 

Option 1

0.075 3.4 0.07 15 n/a

ULEV 0.040 1.7 0.05 8 n/a

120,000 LEV 0.090 4.2 0.07 18 0.01

LEV, 

Option 1

0.090 4.2 0.10 18 0.01

ULEV 0.055 2.1 0.07 11 0.01

SULEV 0.010 1.0 0.02 4 0.01

150,000 

(optional)

LEV 0.090 4.2 0.07 18 0.01

LEV, 

Option 1

0.090 4.2 0.10 18 0.01

ULEV 0.055 2.1 0.07 11 0.01

SULEV 0.010 1.0 0.02 4 0.01

MDVs

8,501 - 10,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight.

120,000 LEV 0.195 6.4 0.2 32 0.12

ULEV 0.143 6.4 0.2 16 0.06

SULEV 0.100 3.2 0.1 8 0.06

150,000 

(Optional)

LEV 0.195 6.4 0.2 32 0.12

ULEV 0.143 6.4 0.2 16 0.06

SULEV 0.100 3.2 0.1 8 0.06
D-45

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Vehicle Type Durability 

Vehicle 

Basis (mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category

NMOG

(g/mi)

Carbon 

Monoxide

(g/mi)

Oxides of 

Nitrogen

(g/mi)

Formaldehyde

(mg/mi)

Particulates 

(g/mi)

MDVs

10,001-14,000 lbs. 

GVWR

Vehicles in this category 

are tested at their 

adjusted loaded vehicle 

weight.

120,000 LEV 0.230 7.3 0.4 40 0.12

ULEV 0.167 7.3 0.4 21 0.06

SULEV 0.117 3.7 0.2 10 0.06

150,000

(Optional)

LEV 0.230 7.3 0.4 40 0.12

ULEV 0.167 7.3 0.4 21 0.06

SULEV 0.117 3.7 0.2 10 0.06

* * * *

1.1.2.1 LEV III Particulate Standards. 

1.1.2.1.1 Particulate Standards for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. Beginning in the 2017 model year, a 

manufacturer, except a small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its 

passenger car, light-duty truck, and medium-duty vehicle fleet to the following 

particulate standards according to the following phase-in schedule. These standards 

represent the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All vehicles 

certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III exhaust emission 

standards set forth in section E.1.1.2. 

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values and 

Phase-in for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, 

and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Model 

Year

% of vehicles 

certified to a

3 mg/mi standard

% of vehicles 

certified to a

1 mg/mi standard

2017 10 0

2018 20 0

2019 40 0

2020 70 0

2021 100 0

2022 100 0

2023 100 0

2024 100 0

2025 75 25

2026 50 50

2027 25 75

2028 and 

subsequent

0 100
D-46

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

1.1.2.1.2 Particulate Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

1.1.2.1.2.1 Beginning in the 2017 model year, a manufacturer, except a 

small volume manufacturer, shall certify a percentage of its medium-duty vehicle 

fleet to the following particulate standards according to the following phase-in 

schedule. These standards represent the maximum particulate emissions allowed 

at full useful life. All vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must 

certify to the LEV III exhaust emission standards set forth in section E.1.1.2. This 

section E.1.1.2.1.2.1 shall not apply to medium-duty passenger vehicles. 

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values and Phase-in for Medium-Duty 

Vehicles Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle Type Model Year % of vehicles 

certified to a

8 mg/mi 

standard

% of vehicles 

certified to a

10 mg/mi 

standard

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, 

excluding MDPVs

Vehicles in this category are tested at 

their adjusted loaded vehicle weight

2017 10 n/a

2018 20 n/a

2019 40 n/a

2020 70 n/a

2021 and 

subsequent

100 n/a

MDVs

10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR

Vehicles in this category are tested at 

their adjusted loaded vehicle weight

2017 n/a 10

2018 n/a 20

2019 n/a 40

2020 n/a 70

2021 and 

subsequent n/a 100

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Values 

for Medium-Duty Vehicles, Other than 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle Type1 Particulates

(mg/mi)

MDVs

8501 - 10,000 lbs. GVWR, 

excluding MDPVs

8

MDVs

10,001 - 14,000 lbs. GVWR 10

1 Vehicles in these categories are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight.
D-47

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

1.1.2.1.2.2 A manufacturer of medium-duty vehicles, except a small volume 

manufacturer, shall certify at least the following percentage of its medium-duty vehicle 

fleet to the particulate standards in section E.1.1.2.1.2.1 according to the following phasein schedule. This section E.1.1.2.1.2.2 shall not apply to medium-duty passenger 

vehicles.

LEV III Particulate Emission Standard Phase-in for Medium-Duty 

Vehicles, Other than Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Model Year

Total % of MDVs certified to the 8 mg/mi 

PM Standard or to the 10 mg/mi PM 

Standard, as applicable

2017 10

2018 20

2019 40

2020 70

2021 and subsequent 100

* * * *

1.2 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (“SFTP”) Exhaust Emission 

Standards for Light- and Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

* * * *

1.2.2 150,000-mile SFTP Exhaust Emission Standards for Light- and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

1.2.2.1 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

Manufacturers shall certify 2015 and subsequent model year LEVs, ULEVs, and 

SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes to either the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards set forth in section E.1.2.2.1.1, or in 

accordance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in section E.1.2.2.1.2. A manufacturer may 

also certify 2014 model LEVs, ULEVs, or SULEVs in the PC, LDT, or MDPV classes to 

LEV III SFTP standards, in which case, the manufacturer shall be subject to the LEV III 

SFTP emission standards and requirements, including the sales-weighted fleet-average 

NMOG+NOx composite emission standard applicable to 2015 model vehicles if 

choosing to comply with the SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission

Standards and Fleet-Average Requirements set forth in subsection E.1.2.2.1.2. The 

manufacturer shall notify the Executive Officer of its selected emission standard type in 

the Application for Certification of the first test group certifying to SFTP NMOG+NOx 

and CO emission standards on a 150,000 mile durability basis. Once an emission 

standard type for NMOG+NOx and CO is selected for a fleet, and the Executive Officer 

is notified of such selection, the selection must be kept through the 2025 model year for 

the entire fleet, which includes LEV II vehicles if selecting to comply with section 
D-48

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

E.1.2.2.1.2. The manufacturer may not change its selection until the 2026 model year. 

Test groups not certifying to the 150,000-mile SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission 

standards pursuant to this section E.1.2.2 shall be subject to the 4,000-mile SFTP 

NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards set forth in section E.1.2.1.

1.2.2.1.1 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Stand-Alone Emission 

Standards. The following standards are the maximum SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO 

exhaust emissions through full useful life from 2015 and subsequent model-year LEV 

III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs when operating on any the same gaseous or liquid 

fuel they use for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP 

compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification gasoline specified in 

Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2.

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards for

2015 and Subsequent Model LEV III Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

Vehicle

Type

Durability 

Vehicle Basis 

(mi)

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category1

US06 Test

(g/mi)

SC03 Test

(g/mi)

NMHCOG + 

NOx CO NMHCOG + NOx CO

All PCs; 

LDTs 0- 8,500 lbs. 

GVWR; and 

MDPVs

Vehicles in these 

categories are tested at 

their loaded vehicle 

weight (curb weight 

plus 300 pounds).

150,000

LEV 0.140 9.6 0.100 3.2

ULEV 0.120 9.6 0.070 3.2

SULEV

(Option A)2 0.060 9.6 0.020 3.2

SULEV 0.050 9.6 0.020 3.2

1 Vehicle Emission Category. Manufacturers must certify all vehicles, which are certifying to a LEV III FTP emission 

category on a 150,000-mile durability basis, to the emission standards of the equivalent, or a more stringent, SFTP emission 

category set forth on this table. That is, all LEV III LEVs certified to 150,000-mile FTP emission standards shall comply 

with the SFTP LEV emission standards in this table, all LEV III ULEVs certified to 150,000-mile FTP emission standards 

shall comply with the SFTP ULEV emission standards in this table, and all LEV III SULEVs certified to 150,000-mile FTP 

emission standards shall comply with the SFTP SULEV emission standards in this table.

2 Optional SFTP SULEV Standards. A manufacturer may certify light-duty truck test groups from 6,001 to 8,500 lbs. GVWR 

and MDPV test groups to the SULEV, option A, emission standards set forth in this table for the 2015 through 2020 model 

year, only if the vehicles in the test group are equipped with a particulate filter and the manufacturer extends the particulate 

filter emission warranty mileage to 200,000 miles. Passenger cars and light-duty trucks 0-6,000 lbs. GVWR are not eligible 

for this option.

1.2.2.1.2 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust 

Emission Standards. For the 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer 

must certify LEV II and LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs, such that the 

manufacturer’s sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission 

value, does not exceed the applicable NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 
D-49

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

set forth in the following table. In addition, the CO composite emission value of 

any LEV III test group shall not exceed the CO composite emission standard set 

forth in the following table. SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the 

same gaseous or liquid fuel used for FTP certification. In the case of fuel-flexible

vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV III certification 

gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. 

For each test group subject to this subsection, manufacturers shall 

calculate a Composite Emission Value for NMOG+NOx and, for LEV III test 

groups, a separate Composite Emission Value for CO, using the following 

equation:

Composite Emission Value = 0.28 x US06 + 0.37 x SC03 + 0.35 x FTP [Eq. 1]

where “US06” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the US06 test;

“SC03” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the SC03 test; and 

“FTP” = the test group’s NMOG+NOx or CO emission value, as 

applicable, determined through the FTP test.

If no vehicles in a test group have air conditioning units, the FTP cycle 

emission value can be used in place of the SC03 value in Equation 1. To 

determine compliance with the SFTP NMOG+NOx composite emission standard 

applicable to the model year, manufacturers shall use a sales-weighted fleet 

average of the NMOG+NOx composite emission values of every applicable test 

group. The sales-weighted fleet average shall be calculated using a combination 

of carry-over and new certification SFTP composite emission values (converted to 

NMOG+NOx, as applicable). LEV II test groups will use their emission values in 

the fleet average calculation but will not be considered LEV III test groups. 

Compliance with the CO composite emission standard cannot be demonstrated 

through fleet averaging. The NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average 

composite emission value for the fleet and the CO composite emission value for 

each test group shall not exceed:
D-50

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Emission Standards for 2015 and Subsequent Model 

Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles

(g/mi) 1

Model Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025+

All PCs; 

LDTs 8,500 lbs. 

GVWR or less; 

and

MDPVs3

Vehicles in this 

category are 

tested at their 

loaded vehicle 

weight (curb 

weight plus 300 

pounds).

Sales-Weighted Fleet Average NMOG+NOx Composite Exhaust Emission Standards2, 

4,5,6

0.140 0.110 0.103 0.097 0.090 0.083 0.077 0.070 0.063 0.057 0.050

CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standard7

4.2

1 Mileage for Compliance. All test groups certifying to LEV III FTP emission standards on a 150,000-mile durability 

basis shall also certify to the SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, as tested in accordance with these test 

procedures. 2 Determining NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Values of LEV II Test Groups. For carry-over test groups certified 

to LEV II FTP emission standards, SFTP emission values shall be converted to NMOG+NOx and projected out to 

120,000 miles or 150,000 miles (depending on LEV II FTP certification) using deterioration factors or aged 

components., NMHC emission values for the US06 and SC03 test cycles shall be converted to NMOG emission 

values by multiplying by a factor of 1.03. In lieu of deriving a deterioration factor specific to SFTP test cycles, 

carry-over test groups may use the applicable deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in order to determine the carryover composite emission values for the purpose of the NMOG+NOx sales-weighted fleet-average calculation. If an 

SFTP full-useful life emission value is used to comply with SFTP 4k standards, that value may be used in the salesweighted fleet-average without applying an additional deterioration factor. 3 MDPVs are excluded from SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO emission standards and the sales-weighted fleet average 

until they are certified to LEV III FTP 150,000-mile NMOG+NOx and CO requirements. 4 Test groups shall certify to bins in increments of 0.010 g/mi. Beginning with the 2018 model year, vehicles may not 

certify to bin values above a maximum of 0.180 g/mi. 5 Calculating the sales-weighted average for NMOG+NOx. For each model year, the manufacturer shall calculate its 

sales-weighted fleet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value as follows. 

( ) ( )

∑( )

∑

=

=





 





×

n

i

i

n

i

i i

number of vehicles in the test group

number of vehicles in the test group composite value of bin

1

1

where "n" = a manufacturer’s total number of PC, LDT, and, if applicable, MDPV certification bins, in a given 

model year including carry-over certification bins, certifying to SFTP composite emission standards in that model 

year;

 “number of vehicles in the test group” = the number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale in California 

in the certification test group; and

 "Composite Value of Bin" = the numerical value selected by the manufacturer for the certification bin that 

serves as the emission standard for the vehicles in the test group with respect to all testing for test groups 

certifying to SFTP on a 150,000-mile durability basis, and the SFTP carry-over composite emission value, as 

described in footnote 7 of this table, for carry-over LEV II test groups. 

[Eq. 2]
D-51

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

6 Calculation of Fleet Average Total NMOG+NOx Credits or Debits. A manufacturer shall calculate the total 

NMOG+NOx credits or debits, as follows:

[(NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Standard) – (Manufacturer’s Sales-Weighted Fleet-Average Composite 

Emission Value)]

x (Total Number of Vehicles Produced and Delivered for Sale in California in the 0-8,500 lbs GVWR plus 

MDPVs classes, if applicable) [Eq. 3]

A negative number constitutes total NMOG+NOx debits, and a positive number constitutes total NMOG+NOx 

credits accrued by the manufacturer for the given model year. Total NMOG+NOx credits earned in a given model 

year retain full value through the fifth model year after they are earned. At the beginning of the sixth model year, the 

total NMOG+NOx credits have no value. A manufacturer may trade credits with other manufacturers

A manufacturer shall equalize total NMOG+NOx debits within three model years after they have been incurred by 

earning NMOG+NOx credits in an amount equal to the total NMOG+NOx debits. If total NMOG+NOx debits are 

not equalized within the three model-year period, the manufacturer is subject to the Health and Safety Code section 

43211 civil penalty applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new motor vehicle that does not meet the applicable 

emission standards adopted by the state board. The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue when the total 

NMOG+NOx debits are not equalized by the end of the specified time period. For the purposes of Health and Safety 

Code section 43211, the number of vehicles not meeting the state board’s emission standards is determined by 

dividing the NMOG+NOx debits for the model year by the NMOG+NOx composite emission standard in effect 

during the model year in which the debits were incurred.

7 Calculating the CO composite emission value. Composite emission values for CO shall be calculated in accordance 

with Equation 1 above. Unlike the NMOG+NOx composite emission standards, manufacturers would not be able to 

meet the proposed CO composite emission standard through fleet averaging: each individual test group must comply 

with the standard. Test groups certified to 4,000-mile SFTP emission standards are not subject to this CO emission 

standard.

1.2.2.2 SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. The following standards are the 

maximum PM exhaust emissions through the full useful life from 2017 and subsequent 

model-year LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs in the PC, LDT, and MDPV classes 

when operating on any the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In 

the case of flex-fueled vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV 

III certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. 

SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for 2017 and Subsequent Model LEV 

III Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger 

Vehicles1

Vehicle Type Test Weight Mileage for 

Compliance

Test 

Cycle

PM 

(mg/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-6,000 lbs GVWR

Loaded vehicle 

weight 150,000 US06 10.0

LDTs 6,001-8,500 lbs GVWR; 

MDPVs 

Loaded vehicle 

weight 150,000 US06 20.0

1 All PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs certified to LEV III FTP PM emission standards in section E.1.1.2.1 on a 150,000-mile 

durability basis shall comply with the SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards in this table.

1.2.2.3 SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Exhaust Emission Standards for 

Medium-Duty Vehicles. The following standards are the maximum NMOG+NOx and 

CO composite emission values for full useful life of 2016 and subsequent model-year 

medium-duty LEV III ULEVs and SULEVs from 8,501 through 14,000 pounds GVWR 
D-52

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

when operating on any the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In 

the case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV 

III certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. The following 

composite emission standards do not apply to MDPVs subject to the emission standards 

set forth in sections E.1.2.2.1 and E.1.2.2.2.

SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards for 2016 and 

Subsequent Model ULEVs and SULEVs in the Medium-Duty Vehicle Class

Vehicle Type Mileage for 

Compliance

HP/GVWR2 Test 

Cycle3,4,5

Vehicle 

Emission 

Category5

6

Composite Emission 

Standard1

(g/mi)

NMOG + 

NOx

Carbon 

Monoxide

MDVs 8,501 -

10,000 lbs GVWR 150,000

≤ 0.024 US06 Bag 2, 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.550 22.0

SULEV 0.350 12.0

> 0.024 Full US06, 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.800 22.0

SULEV 0.450 12.0

MDVs 10,001-

14,000 lbs GVWR

150,000

n/a

Hot 1435

UC (Hot 

1435 LA92), 

SC03, FTP

ULEV 0.550 6.0

SULEV 0.350

4.0

1 Manufacturers shall use Equation 1 in subsection E.1.2.2.1.2 to calculate SFTP Composite Emission Values for each test 

group subject to the emission standards in this table. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR, the emission results from the 

UC test shall be used in place of results from the US06 test. 2 Power to Weight Ratio. If all vehicles in a test group have a power to weight ratio at or below a threshold of 0.024, they 

may opt to run the US06 Bag 2 in lieu of the full US06 cycle. The cutoff is determined by using a ratio of the engine’s 

maximum rated horsepower, as established by the engine manufacturer in the vehicle’s Application for Certification, to 

the vehicle’s GVWR in pounds and does not include any horsepower contributed by electric motors in the case of hybrid 

electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Manufacturers may opt to test to the full cycle regardless of the calculated 

ratio; in such case, manufacturers shall meet the emission standards applicable to vehicles with power-to-weight ratios 

greater than 0.024. 3 Test Weight. Medium-duty vehicles are tested at their adjusted loaded vehicle weight (average of curb weight and 

GVWR). 4 Road Speed Fan. Manufacturers have the option to use a road speed modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–96(d)(1) 

instead of a fixed speed fan for MDV SFTP testing. 5

 If a manufacturer provides an engineering evaluation for a test group showing that SC03 emissions will be equivalent to or 

lower than FTP emissions, the FTP emission value may be used in place of the SC03 emission value when determining 

the composite emission value for that test group. 56 Vehicle Emission Categories. For MDVs 8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of MDVs 

certified to an SFTP emission category set forth in this section E.1.2.2.3 shall be equal to or greater than the total 

percentage certified to the FTP ULEV250, ULEV200, SULEV170, and SULEV150 emission categories; of these 

vehicles, the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP SULEV emission category shall be equal to or greater than the 

total percentage certified to both the FTP SULEV170 and SULEV150 emission categories. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 

lbs. GVWR, for each model year, the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP emission category set forth this section 

E.1.2.2.3 shall be equal to or greater than the total percentage certified to the FTP ULEV400, ULEV270, SULEV230, and 

SULEV200 emission categories; of these vehicles, the percentage of MDVs certified to an SFTP SULEV emission 

category shall be equal to or greater than the total percentage certified to both the FTP SULEV230 and SULEV200 

emission categories. 

1.2.2.4 SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for Medium-Duty Vehicles. 

The following standards represent the maximum PM composite emission values for the 

full useful life of 2017 and subsequent model-year LEV III LEVs, ULEVs, and SULEVs 

when operating on any the same gaseous or liquid fuel they use for FTP certification. In 

the case of fuel-flexible vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using the LEV 
D-53

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

III certification gasoline specified in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2. The following 

composite emission standards do not apply to MDPVs subject to the emission standards 

set forth in sections E.1.2.2.1 and E.1.2.2.2.

SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for 2017 and Subsequent Model 

Medium-Duty Vehicles1

Vehicle Type Test Weight Mileage for 

Compliance Hp/GVWR2 Test Cycle3,4 PM (mg/mi)

MDVs 8,501-10,000 

lbs GVWR

Adjusted

loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000

≤ 0.024 US06 Bag 2 7.0

>0.024 US06 10.0

MDVs 10,001-

14,000 lbs GVWR

Adjusted 

loaded vehicle 

weight

150,000 n/a

Hot 1435 UC 

(Hot 1435

LA92)

7.0

1 Except for MDPVs subject to the emission standards set forth in section E.1.2.2.2, MDVs certified to 

150,000-mile FTP PM emission standards in section E.1.1.2 shall comply with the SFTP PM Exhaust 

Emission Standards in this table. 2 Power to Weight Ratio. If all vehicles in a test group have a power to weight ratio at or below a threshold of 

0.024, they may opt to run the US06 Bag 2 in lieu of the full US06 cycle. The cutoff is determined by using 

a ratio of the engine’s horsepower to the vehicle’s GVWR in pounds and does not include any horsepower 

contributed by electric motors in the case of hybrid electric or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. 

Manufacturers may opt to test to the full cycle regardless of the calculated ratio; in such case, manufacturers 

shall meet the emission standards applicable to vehicles with power-to-weight ratios greater than 0.024. 3 Road Speed Fan. Manufacturers have the option to use a road speed modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–

96(d)(1) instead of a fixed speed fan for MDV SFTP testing. 4 Manufacturers shall use Equation 1 above to calculate SFTP Composite PM Emission Values for each test 

group subject to the emission standards in this table. For MDVs 8,501-10,000 lbs. GVWR certifying to the 

US06 Bag 2 PM emission standard, the emission results from the US06 Bag 2 test shall be used in place of 

results from the full US06 test. For MDVs 10,001-14,000 lbs. GVWR, the emission results from the UC test 

shall be used in place of results from the US06 test. 

* * * *

1.8 Requirement to Generate a Partial ZEV Allowance.

For the 2015 through 2017 model years, a manufacturer that certifies to the 150,000 mile 

LEV II SULEV standards, the LEV III SULEV30, or the LEV III SULEV20 standards shall may

also generate a partial ZEV allocation according to the criteria set forth in section C.3 of the 

“California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model 

Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes.”

* * * *

2. Emission Standards Phase-In Requirements for Manufacturers.

2.1 Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.
D-54

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2.1.1 The fleet average non-methane organic gas plus oxides of nitrogen exhaust 

mass emission values from the passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger 

vehicles produced and delivered for sale in California each model year by a manufacturer 

other than a small volume manufacturer shall not exceed:

FLEET AVERAGE NON-METHANE ORGANIC GAS 

PLUS OXIDES OF NITROGEN EXHAUST MASS EMISSION 

REQUIREMENTS FOR PASSENGER CARS,

LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS, AND MEDIUM-DUTY PASSENGER 

VEHICLES

(150,000 mile Durability Vehicle Basis)

Model Year Fleet Average NMOG + NOx

(g/mi)

All PCs;

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. 

GVWR;

All MDPVs

20141 0.107 0.128

2015 0.100 0.119

2016 0.093 0.110

2017 0.086 0.101

2018 0.079 0.092

2019 0.072 0.083

2020 0.065 0.074

2021 0.058 0.065

2022 0.051 0.056

2023 0.044 0.047

2024 0.037 0.038

2025+ 0.030 0.030

1 For the 2014 model year, a manufacturer may comply with the fleet average NMOG+NOx values in this table in 

lieu of complying with the NMOG fleet average values in the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria Pollutant 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” A manufacturer 

must either comply with the NMOG+NOx fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV 

fleet or comply with the NMOG fleet average requirements for both its PC/LDT1 fleet and its LDT2/MDPV fleet. A 

manufacturer must calculate its fleet average NMOG+NOx values using the applicable full useful standards.
D-55

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2.1.1.1 Pooling Provision.

a. For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate compliance 

with the fleet average requirements in this section E.2.1.1 based on one of two options 

applicable throughout the model year, either:

Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission 

standards in section E.1.1, and are produced and delivered for sale in California; or

Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and 

medium-duty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission 

standards in section E.1.1, and are produced and delivered for sale in California, the 

District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's exhaust emission 

standards in section E.1.1 for that model year pursuant to section 177 of the federal 

Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

b. If a manufacturer selects Option 2, that manufacturer must also 

demonstrate compliance with sections E.1.1.2.1, E.2.3, and E.2.4 based on Option 2. 

bc. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the Executive 

Officer of that selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable model year or must 

comply with Option 1. Once a manufacturer has selected compliance Option 2, that 

selection shall apply unless the manufacturer selects Option 1 and notifies the Executive 

Officer of that selection in writing prior to the start of the applicable model year.

cd. When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 2 for a 

given model year, the term "in California" as used in sections E.2.1.2 and E.3.1 means 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's exhaust 

emission standards in section E.1.1 for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the 

federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

de. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must provide to the 

Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles in each test group produced 

and delivered for sale in the District of Columbia and for each individual state within the 

average.

2.1.1.2 PZEVs Anti-Backsliding Requirement. In the 2018 and subsequent 

model years, a manufacturer must produce and deliver for sale in California a minimum 

percentage of its passenger car and light-duty truck fleet that certifies to SULEV30 and 

SULEV20 standards. This minimum percentage must be equal to the average percentage 

of PZEVs produced and deliver for sale in California for that manufacturer based for the 

2015 through 2017 model year. For the 2018 model year, a A manufacturer may 

calculate this average percentage using the projected sales for these 2017 model years in 

lieu of actual sales.
D-56

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2.1.2 Calculation of Fleet Average NMOG + NOx Value.

2.1.2.1 Basic Calculation.

(a) Each manufacturer's PC and LDT1 fleet average NMOG+NOx value for 

the total number of PCs and LDT1s produced and delivered for sale in California 

shall be calculated as follows:

(Σ [Number of vehicles in a test group excluding off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric 

vehicles x applicable emission standard] +

Σ [Number of off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles in a test group x 

HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor]) ÷

Total Number of PCs plus LDT1s Produced and Delivered for sale in California, Including ZEVs 

and HEVs

(b) Each manufacturer's LDT2 and MDPV fleet average NMOG+NOx value 

for the total number of LDT2s and MDPVs produced and delivered for sale in 

California shall be calculated as follows:

(Σ [Number of vehicles in a test group excluding off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric 

vehicles x applicable emission standard] +

Σ [Number of off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles in a test group x 

HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor]) ÷

Total Number of LDT2s plus MDPVs Produced and Delivered for sale in California, Including 

ZEVs and HEVs

(c) The applicable emission standards to be used in the above equations are as 

follows:

Model Year Emission 

Category

Emission Standard Value1

(g/mi)

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751-5750 lbs. LVW;

All MDPVs

2015 and subsequent 

model year federallycertified vehicles

(AB 965 vehicles only)2

All Sum of the NMOG and NOx 

Federal Emission Standards 

to which Vehicle is Certified

Sum of the NMOG and NOx Federal 

Emission Standards to which Vehicle 

is Certified

Model Year Emission 

Category

All PCs; 

LDTs 0-3750 lbs. LVW

LDTs 

3751 lbs. LVW - 8500 lbs. GVWR; 

All MDPVs

2015 through 2019 

model year vehicles 

certified to the “LEV 

II” standards in E.1.1.1;

2015 and subsequent 

model year vehicles 

LEV II LEVs;

LEV160s

0.160 0.160

LEV II ULEVs;

LEV125s

0.125 0.125

ULEV70s 0.070 0.070

ULEV50s 0.050 0.050
D-57

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

certified to the “LEV 

III” standards in E.1.1.2

LEV II SULEVs;

SULEV30s

0.030 0.030

SULEV20s 0.020 0.020

LEV II LEVs;

LEV395s

n/a 0.395

LEV II ULEVs n/a 0.343

ULEV340s n/a 0.340

ULEV250s n/a 0.250

ULEV200s n/a 0.200

SULEV170s n/a 0.170

SULEV150s n/a 0.150

1 For LEV III vehicle test groups that meet the extended emission warranty requirements in section E.1.7, the 

applicable emission standard value shall be the emission standard value set forth in this table minus 5 mg/mi.

2 “AB 965 vehicles” are those certified in accordance with the “Guidelines for Certification of 2003 and Subsequent 

Model-Year Federally Certified Light-Duty Motor Vehicles for Sale in California,” incorporated by reference in 

section 2062. 

2.1.2.2 NMOG+NOx Contribution Factor for Off-vehicle Charge Capable 

HEVs. The HEV NMOG+NOx contribution factor for light-duty off-vehicle charge 

capable hybrid electric vehicles is calculated as follows:

LEV160 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.160 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.035]

ULEV125 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.125 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.055]

ULEV70 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.070 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

ULEV50 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.050 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

SULEV30 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.030 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.010]

SULEV20 HEV Contribution Factor = 0.020 - [(Zero-emission VMT Allowance) x 0.020]

where the Zero-emission VMT Allowance for off-vehicle charge capable HEVs is 

determined in accordance with section C.3 of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2009 through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid 

Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle 

Classes” and the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 

and Subsequent Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes.,” as applicable, 

except that for the purposes of this section E.2.1.2.2, the maximum allowable Zeroemission VMT Allowance that may be used in these equations is 1.0. This section 

E.2.1.2.2 shall only apply to off-vehicle charge capable HEVs certified to the LEV III 

standards set forth in section E.1.1.2.

2.1.2.3 Federally-Certified Vehicles. A vehicle certified to the standards for a 

federal exhaust emissions bin in accordance with section H.1 of these test procedures 

shall use the sum of the corresponding LEV II NMOG and NOx emission category value 

set forth in section E.2.1.2.1(c) of these test procedures for the fleet average calculation. 
D-58

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

If a vehicle is certified to 150,000 mile standards for a federal exhaust emission bin and 

the corresponding California NMOG+NOx emission category is a LEV III category, it 

may use the emission standard value for that LEV III category as set forth in the section 

E.2.1.2 table. 

* * * *

2.3 LEV III Phase-In Requirements for Medium-Duty Vehicles Other than 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles. 

2.3.1 (a) A manufacturer of MDVs, other than a small volume manufacturer, shall 

certify at least the following percentage of its MDV fleet according to the following phase-in 

schedule: 

Model 

Year

Vehicles Certified to Section E.1.1

(%)

Vehicles 

Certified to 

title 13 CCR 

Section 

1956.8(c) or 

(h) (%)

LEV II LEV; 

LEV III

LEV395 or 

LEV630

LEV II ULEV;

LEV III 

ULEV340 or 

ULEV570

LEV III 

ULEV250 or 

ULEV400

LEV III

SULEV170 or 

SULEV230 ULEV

2015 40 60 0 0 100

2016 20 60 20 0 100

2017 10 50 40 0 100

2018 0 40 50 10 100

2019 0 30 40 30 100

2020 0 20 30 50 100

2021 0 10 20 70 100

2022 + 0 0 10 90 100

* * * *

2.5 Greenhouse Gas Requirements for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and 

Medium-Duty Passenger Vehicles.

* * * *
D-59

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2.5.5 Calculation of Fleet Average Carbon Dioxide Value. 

* * * *

2.5.5.4 For each model year, a manufacturer must demonstrate compliance 

with the fleet average requirements in section E.2.5 based on one of two options 

applicable throughout the model year, either:

Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission standards in 

section E.2.5, and are produced and delivered for sale in California; or

Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and mediumduty passenger vehicles that are certified to the California exhaust emission standards in 

section E.2.5, and are produced and delivered for sale in California, the District of

Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's greenhouse gas emission 

standards for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 

U.S.C. § 7507).

1. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must notify the 

Executive Officer of that selection, in writing, prior to the start of the applicable 

model year or must comply with Option 1. Once a manufacturer has selected 

compliance Option 2, that selection shall apply unless the manufacturer selects 

Option 1 and notifies the Executive Officer of that selection in writing prior to the 

start of the applicable model year. 

2. When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using Option 2 for a 

given model year, the term "in California" as used in sections E.2.5 and E.3.2 means 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted California's 

greenhouse gas emission standards for that model year pursuant to Section 177 of the 

federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

3. A manufacturer that selects compliance Option 2 must provide to the 

Executive Officer separate values for the number of vehicles in each model type and 

footprint value produced and delivered for sale in the District of Columbia and for 

each individual state within the average and the City CO2 Value and Highway CO2

exhaust emission values that apply to each model type and footprint value.

* * * *

3. Calculation of Credits/Debits

3.1 Calculation of NMOG+NOx Credits/Debits

* * * *

3.1.2 Calculation of Vehicle-Equivalent NMOG+NOx Credits for MediumDuty Vehicles Other than MDPVs. 
D-60

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

3.1.2.1 In 2015 2016 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer that 

produces and delivers for sale in California MDVs, other than MDPVs, in excess of the 

equivalent requirements for LEV III vehicles certified to the exhaust emission standards 

set forth in section E.1 of these test procedures shall receive “Vehicle-Equivalent 

Credits” (or “VECs”) calculated in accordance with the following equation, where the 

term “produced” means produced and delivered for sale in California:

{[(1.2) x [(No. of ULEV340s and ULEV570s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV340 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV340s) +

(No. of ULEV570 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV570s)] –

(Equivalent No. of ULEV340s and ULEV570s Required to be Produced)} + 

{[(1.4) x [(No. of ULEV250s and ULEV400s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV250 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV250s) +

(No. of ULEV400 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV400s)] -

[(1.4) x (Equivalent No. of ULEV250s and ULEV270s Required to be 

Produced)]} + 

{[(1.5) x [(No. of ULEV200s and ULEV270s Produced excluding HEVs) + 

(No. of ULEV200 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV200s) + 

(No. of ULEV270 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for ULEV270s)] -

[(1.5) x (Equivalent No. of ULEV200s and ULEV270s Required to be 

Produced)]} + 

{[(1.6) x [(No. of SULEV170s and SULEV230s Produced excluding HEVs) +

(No. of SULEV170 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV170s) + 

(No. of SULEV230 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV230s)] -

[(1.6) x [(Equivalent No. of SULEV170s and SULEV230s Required to be 

Produced)]} + 

{[(1.7) x [(No. of SULEV150s and SULEV200s Produced excluding HEVs) +

(No. of SULEV150 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV150s) + 

(No. of SULEV200 HEVs x HEV VEC factor for SULEV200s)] -

[(1.7) x [(Equivalent No. of SULEV150s and SULEV200s Required to be 

Produced)]} + 

[(2.0) x (No. of ZEVs Certified and Produced as MDVs)].

3.1.2.2 The MDV HEV VEC factor is calculated as follows: 

For ULEV340s: 1+�

(ULEV340 standard−ULEV250 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV340 standard �;

For ULEV250s: 1+�

(ULEV250 standard−ULEV200 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV250 standard �;

 
D-61

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

For ULEV200s: 1+�

(ULEV200 standard−SULEV170 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV3200 standard �;

For SULEV170s: 1+�

(SULEV170 standard−SULEV150 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV170 standard �;

 

For SULEV150s: 1+�

(SULEV150 standard−ZEV standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV150 standard �;

For ULEV570s: 1+�

(ULEV570 standard−ULEV400 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV570 standard �;

For ULEV400s: 1+�

(ULEV400 standard−ULEV270 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV400 standard �;

For ULEV270s: 1+�

(ULEV270 standard−SULEV230 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

ULEV270 standard �;

 

For SULEV230s: 1+�

(SULEV230 standard−SULEV200 standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV230 standard � 

For SULEV200s: 1+�

(SULEV200 standard−ZEV standard)×Zero−emission VMT Allowance

SULEV200 standard �

where “Zero-emission VMT Allowance” for an HEV is determined in accordance with 

section C of the “California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2009 

through 2017 Model Zero-Emission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the 

Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes” or the “California 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2018 and Subsequent Model ZeroEmission Vehicles and Hybrid Electric Vehicles, in the Passenger Car, Light-Duty Truck 

and Medium-Duty Vehicle Classes,” as applicable, except that for the purposes of this 

section E.3.1.2.2, the maximum allowable Zero-emission VMT Allowance that may be 

used in these equations is 1.0..

* * * *

4.3 SFTP Interim In-Use Compliance Emission Standards. 

* * * *

4.3.2 Test groups certified prior to the 20201 model year will be allowed an inuse compliance standard for PM for the first five model years that they are certified to the 

SFTP PM standard. 
D-62

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

(a) For light-duty vehicle test groups and medium-duty passenger vehicle test 

groups certifying to SFTP PM exhaust emission standards in section E.1.2.2.2, in-use 

compliance emission standards for PM shall be 5.0 mg/mi higher than the applicable 

certification standard.

(b) For medium-duty vehicle test groups certifying to SFTP PM Exhaust 

Emission Standards in section E.1.2.2.4, in-use compliance emission standards for PM 

shall be 5.0 mg/mi higher than the applicable certification standard.

5. Severability. Each provision of these standards and test procedures is severable, and in 

the event that any provision of these standards and test procedures is held to be invalid, the 

remainder of the standards and test procedures remains in full force and effect.

* * * *

G. Procedures for Demonstration of Compliance with Emission Standards 

* * * *

3. §86.1829 Durability data and emission data testing requirements; waivers.

* * * *

3.5 LEV III PM Testing Requirements.

For the 2017 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer must submit test data for test 

groups certifying to the LEV III PM standards in section E.1.1.2.1 according to the following 

table. Once a test group has been used to meet the requirements of this section G.3.5 for a model 

year, that same test group shall not be selected in the succeeding two model years unless the 

manufacturer produces fewer than four test groups that are certified to LEV III PM standards. 

For all test groups that are certified to LEV III PM standards for which test data is not submitted, 

the manufacturer must, in accordance with good engineering practices, attest that such test 

groups will comply with the applicable LEV III PM standards.

Number of Test Groups 

Certified to LEV III PM 

Standards

Number of Test Groups That 

Must Be Tested to Demonstrate 

Compliance with LEV III PM 

Standards

1 or 2 All test groups certifying to 

LEV III PM standards

3 2

4 or more 25% of test groups certifying to 

LEV III PM standards

* * * *
D-63

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

H. Certification, Information and Reporting Requirements.

1. §86.1841 Compliance with emission standards for the purpose of certification

* * * *

1.4 Certification of a Federal Vehicle in California. Whenever a manufacturer 

federally-certifies a 2015 or subsequent model-year passenger car, light-duty truck or mediumduty vehicle model to the standards for a particular emissions bin that are more stringent than the 

standards for an applicable California vehicle emissions category, the equivalent California 

model may only be certified to (i) the California standards for a vehicle emissions category that 

are at least as stringent as the standards for the corresponding federal emissions bin, or (ii) the 

exhaust emission standards to which the federal model is certified. However, where the federal 

exhaust emission standards for the particular emissions bin and the California standards for a 

vehicle emissions category are equally stringent, the California model may only be certified to 

either the California standards for that vehicle emissions category or more stringent California 

standards. The federal emission bins are those contained Tables S04-1 and S04-2 of 40 CFR 

section 86.1811-04(c) as adopted February 10, 2000. A California vehicle model is to be treated 

as equivalent to a federal vehicle model if all of the following characteristics are identical:

(a) Vehicle make and model;

(b) Cylinder block configuration (e.g., L-6, V-8);

(c) Displacement;

(d) Combustion cycle; 

(e) Transmission class;

(f) Aspiration method (e.g., naturally aspirated, turbocharged); and

(g) Fuel (e.g., gasoline, natural gas, methanol).

The comparative stringency of the standards for the federal exhaust emissions bin and for the 

California vehicle emissions category shall be based on a comparison of the sum of the 150,000 

mile federal standards to the LEV III NMOG+NOx standards.

* * * *

1.4.6 The tune up label shall meet the federal requirements applicable to such a 

vehicle with an additional sentence which reads: “This vehicle conforms to federal 

regulations and is certified for sale in California.” The value used in the smog index label

California Environmental Performance Label shall be the California emission category to 

which the vehicle was deemed certified for fleet average NMOG purposes.

* * * *

4. §86.1844 Information Requirements: Application for Certification and Submittal of 

Information Upon Request.

4.1 §86.1844-01. September 15, 2011. Amend as follows:

* * * *
D-64

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

4.1.3 Add the following requirements to §86.1844-01(e): 

(a) The information required in sections 2037, 2038 and 2039, title 13, CCR.

(b) The NMOG/NMHC and/or formaldehyde to NMHC ratios established 

according to section I.1.42 of these test procedures.

* * * *

PART II: CALIFORNIA EXHAUST AND PARTICULATE EMISSION TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR PASSENGER CARS, LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES 

* * * *

A. 40 CFR Part 86, Subpart B - Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year 

New Light-Duty Vehicles and New Light-Duty Trucks and New Otto-Cycle 

Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures.

* * * *

100.3 Certification Fuel Specifications.

* * * *

100.3.1 California Certification Gasoline Specification.

* * * *

100.3.1.2 Certification Gasoline Fuel Specifications for LEV III Light-Duty Vehicles 

and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

Add the following subparagraph which reads: For all light-duty vehicles and 

medium-duty vehicles certifying to the LEV III standards in section E.1.1.2, gasoline having the 

specifications listed below shall be used in exhaust emission testing, and the Executive Officer 

shall conduct exhaust emission testing with gasoline having the specifications listed below. Use 

of this fuel for evaporative emission testing shall be required as specified in the “California 

Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles.”

California Certification Gasoline Specifications for 

LEV III Light-Duty Vehicles and Medium-Duty Vehicles

Fuel Property(a) Limit Test Method (b)

Octane (R+M)/2 (ic) 87-88.4;

91 (min)

D 2699-88, D 2700-88
D-65

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Sensitivity 7.5 (min) D 2699-88, D 2700-88

Lead 0-0.01g/gal (max); no lead 

added

§2253.4(c), title 13 CCR

Distillation Range: §2263, title 13 CCR(cd)

 10% point 130-150 oF

 50% point (d) 205-215 oF

 90% point (e) 310-320 oF

 EP, maximum 390 oF

Residue 2.0 vol. % (max)

Sulfur 8-11 ppm by wt. §2263, title 13 CCR

Phosphorous 0.005 g/gal (max) §2253.4(c), title 13 CCR

RVP 6.9-7.2 psi §2263, title 13 CCR 

Olefins 4.0-6.0 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons 19.5-22.5 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Benzene 0.6-0.8 vol. %(f) §2263, title 13 CCR 

Multi-substituted Alkyl Aromatic 

Hydrocarbons

13-15 vol. %(ge)

MTBE 0.05 vol. % §2263, title 13 CCR 

Ethanol 9.8-10.2 vol. %

Total Oxygen 3.3-3.7 wt. % §2263, title 13 CCR

Additives Sufficient to meet requirements of §2257, title 13 CCR 

Copper Corrosion No. 1 D 130-88

Gum, washed 3.0 mg/100 mL (max) D 381-86

Oxidation Stability 1000 minutes (min) D 525-88

Specific Gravity Report (hf)

Heat of Combustion Report (hf)

Carbon Report wt. % (hf)

Hydrogen Report wt. % (hf)

(a) The gasoline must be blended from typical refinery feedstocks.

(b) ASTM specification unless otherwise noted. A test method other than that specified may be used following a 

determination by the Executive Officer that the other method produces results equivalent to the results with the specified method.

(ic)

 For vehicles/engines that require the use of premium gasoline as part of their warranty, the Octane ((R+M)/2) shall

may be a 91 minimum. All other certification gasoline specifications, as shown in this table, must be met. For all other 

vehicles/engines, the Octane ((R+M)/2) shall be 87-88.4.
D-66

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

(cd)

 Although §2263, title 13, CCR refers to the temperatures of the 50 and 90 percent points, this procedure can be 

extended to the 10 percent and end point temperatures, and to the determination of the residue content.

(d) The range for interlaboratory testing is 195-215o F.

(e) The range for interlaboratory testing is 285-305o F.

(f) The range for interlaboratory testing is 0.7-1.1 percent by volume.

(ge)

 “Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Distillates, Reformates, and Gasoline by Single 

Column High Efficiency (Capillary) Column Gas Chromatography,” by Neil Johansen, 1992, Boulder, CO.

(hf)

 The fuel producer should report this fuel property to the fuel purchaser. Any generally accepted test method may 

be used and shall be identified in the report.

 

* * * *

100.3.4 Mixtures of Petroleum and Alcohol Fuels for Flexible Fuel Vehicles.

Amend §86.113-94(d) as follows:

* * * *

3. Add the following subparagraphs. Evaporative emission test fuel for emissiondata and durability-data vehicles. For Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol vehicles and hybrid electric 

vehicles which use Otto-cycle or diesel alcohol engines, the fuel for evaporative emission testing 

shall be the gasoline set forth in Part II, Section A.100.3.1.2 of these test procedures. a blend of 

methanol or ethanol fuel used for evaporative emission testing shall meet the applicable 

specifications set forth in section 2292.2, title 13, CCR, (Specifications for M-85 Fuel Methanol) 

or section 2292.4 (Specifications for E-85 Fuel Ethanol) and gasoline meeting the specifications 

of Part II, Section A.100.3.1.1 of these test procedures such that the final blend is composed of 

either 35 volume percent methanol (± 1.0 volume percent of total blend) for methanol-fueled 

vehicles or 10 volume percent ethanol (± 1.0 volume percent of total blend) for ethanol-fueled 

vehicles. Alternative alcohol-gasoline blends may be used in place of M35 or E10 if 

demonstrated to result in equivalent or higher evaporative emissions, subject to prior approval of 

the Executive Officer.

Additive requirements. Fuel additives and ignition improvers intended for use 

in alcohol test fuels shall be subject to the approval of the Executive Officer. In order for such 

approval to be granted, a manufacturer must demonstrate that emissions will not be adversely 

affected by the use of the fuel additive or ignition improver. 

* * * *

100.5.5 California exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

100.5.5.1 Delete subparagraph (b)(9) of §86.159-08 and replace with:

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan or a road speed 

modulated fan as specified in §86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The fan shall be 

positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate manner. The 

engine compartment cover shall remain open if a fixed speed cooling fan is used 

and closed if a road speed modulated fan is used. In the case of vehicles with 

front engine compartments, the fan shall be squarely positioned within 24 inches 

(61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear engine 

compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the cooling fan 

shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to maintain vehicle cooling. 
D-67

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

The Executive Officer may approve modified cooling configurations or additional 

cooling if necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. In approving requests for 

additional or modified cooling, the Executive Officer will consider such items as 

actual road cooling data and whether such additional cooling is needed to provide 

a representative test.

100.5.5.12 Hot 1435 LA92 (Hot 1435 Unified Cycle) Test Procedure.

Amend §86.159-08 as follows: Add the following sentence to §86.159-08: The NMOG, 

CO, NOx, and formaldehyde emissions shall be measured according to the US06 Test 

Procedure as set forth in Subpart B, 40 CFR 86.159-08 with the following modifications:

1. Replace all references to “US06” with “Hot 1435 Unified Cycle.” Where 

§86.159-08 references another section of 40 CFR part 86, replace all mention of “US06” 

with “Hot 1435 Unified Cycle” in referenced sections. 

2. Amend 40 CFR 86.159-08 as follows:

2.1 Delete Paragraph (a); replace with: Overview. 

The dynamometer operation consists of a single test starting from second 

0 and ending at second 1435 in the driving schedule shown in Part II, Section EG. 

This cycle will herein be referred to as “Hot 1435 Unified Cycle.” The vehicle is 

preconditioned in accordance with the instructions in this section to bring it up to 

a warmed-up, stabilized condition. This preconditioning is followed by a 1 to 2 

minute idle period that proceeds directly into the Hot 1435 Unified Cycle driving 

schedule during which continuous proportional samples of gaseous emissions are 

collected for analysis. 

2.2 Paragraph (b) 

2.2.1 Subparagraphs (1) through (8) [No change.]

2.2.2 Delete subparagraph (9); replace with: Dynamometer activities. 

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan or a road 

speed modulated fan as specified in §86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The 

fan shall be positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an 

appropriate manner. with tThe engine compartment cover shall remain 

open if a fixed speed cooling fan is used and closed if a road speed 

modulated fan is used. In the case of vehicles with front engine 

compartments, the fan shall be squarely positioned within 24 inches (61 

centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear engine 

compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the 

cooling fan shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to 

maintain vehicle cooling. The Executive Officer may approve modified 

cooling configurations or additional cooling if necessary to satisfactorily 

perform the test. In approving requests for additional or modified cooling, 

the Executive Officer will consider such items as actual road cooling data 

and whether such additional cooling is needed to provide a representative 

test.

2.3 Paragraph (c) through (f) [No change.]
D-68

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

100.5.5.23 US06 Bag 2 Test Procedure.

Amend §86.159-08 as follows: Add the following sentence: The NMOG, CO, NOx, and 

formaldehyde emissions shall be measured according to the US06 Test Procedure as set 

forth in Subpart B, 40 CFR §86.159-08 with the following modifications:

1. Replace all references to “US06” with “US06 Bag 2.” Where §86.159-08 

references another section of 40 CFR part 86, replace all mention of “US06” with “US06 

Bag 2” in referenced sections. 

2. Amend 40 CFR 86.159-08 as follows:

2.1 Delete Paragraph (a); replace with: Overview. 

The dynamometer operation consists of a single, 365 second test starting 

as shown in Part II, Section F. This cycle will herein be referred to as “US06 Bag 

2.” The vehicle is preconditioned in accordance with the instructions in this 

section to bring it up to a warmed-up, stabilized condition. This preconditioning 

is followed by a 1 to 2 minute idle period that proceeds directly into the US06 

Bag 2 driving schedule during which continuous proportional samples of gaseous 

emissions are collected for analysis. 

2.2 Paragraph (b) 

2.2.1 Subparagraphs (1) through (8) [No change.]

2.2.2 Delete subparagraph (9); replace with: Dynamometer activities. 

During dynamometer operation, a fixed speed cooling fan or a road speed 

modulated fan as specified in § 86.107–96(d)(1) may be used. The fan shall be 

positioned so as to direct cooling air to the vehicle in an appropriate manner. 

with tThe engine compartment cover shall remain open if a fixed speed cooling 

fan is used and closed if a road speed modulated fan is used. In the case of 

vehicles with front engine compartments, the fan shall be squarely positioned 

within 24 inches (61 centimeters) of the vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear 

engine compartments (or if special designs make the above impractical), the 

cooling fan shall be placed in a position to provide sufficient air to maintain 

vehicle cooling. The Executive Officer may approve modified cooling 

configurations or additional cooling if necessary to satisfactorily perform the test. 

In approving requests for additional or modified cooling, the Executive Officer 

will consider such items as actual road cooling data and whether such additional 

cooling is needed to provide a representative test.

2.3 Paragraph (c) through (f) [No change.]

* * * *
D-69

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

G. Hot 1435 Unified Cycle Driving Schedule.

[This page left intentionally blank for formatting purposes.]
Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012 D-70

Hot 1435 Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

1 0 74 12.3 147 20 220 0 293 0 366 45.3 439 60.3 512 28

2 0 75 8.1 148 23 221 0 294 0 367 46.5 440 60.3 513 26.5

3 0 76 6.1 149 25.7 222 0 295 0 368 48 441 60.3 514 24.2

4 0 77 9.6 150 28 223 0 296 0 369 48.8 442 59.5 515 22.7

5 0 78 12.7 151 30.7 224 0 297 0 370 49.5 443 58.8 516 20.4

6 0 79 15.7 152 32.6 225 0 298 0 371 49.9 444 59.1 517 17.7

7 0 80 18 153 34.2 226 0 299 0 372 49.9 445 58.8 518 15.7

8 0 81 20.4 154 35.3 227 0 300 0 373 49.9 446 58.8 519 13.1

9 0 82 21.9 155 36.9 228 0 301 0 374 49.5 447 58.8 520 10.8

10 0 83 23.4 156 36.9 229 0 302 0 375 49.5 448 58.4 521 8.4

11 0 84 23.8 157 37.2 230 0 303 0 376 48.8 449 58 522 7.3

12 0 85 24.6 158 37.6 231 0 304 0 377 48.8 450 58 523 5

13 0 86 25 159 37.6 232 0 305 0 378 48.8 451 58 524 3.8

14 0 87 26.1 160 37.6 233 0 306 0 379 48.4 452 58.4 525 3.5

15 0 88 26.1 161 37.2 234 0 307 0 380 48.8 453 59.1 526 1.9

16 0 89 26.9 162 37.2 235 0 308 0 381 49.5 454 59.5 527 0.8

17 0 90 26.9 163 36.9 236 0 309 0 382 50.3 455 59.9 528 0

18 0 91 26.9 164 36.5 237 0 310 0 383 50.7 456 59.9 529 0

19 0 92 26.5 165 36.5 238 1.5 311 0 384 51.8 457 60.3 530 0

20 0 93 25.7 166 34.9 239 5 312 0 385 52.6 458 61.1 531 0.8

21 1.2 94 21.9 167 33.4 240 8.8 313 0.4 386 53.4 459 61.1 532 1.9

22 4.2 95 16.5 168 31.9 241 11.5 314 2.7 387 54.1 460 61.1 533 3.8

23 7.3 96 10 169 29.2 242 14.2 315 7.3 388 55.3 461 61.4 534 6.9

24 8.8 97 4.6 170 25 243 15.4 316 11.5 389 55.3 462 61.4 535 9.6

25 10.8 98 1.5 171 25 244 16.1 317 15.4 390 56.1 463 61.1 536 11.1

26 12.3 99 0.4 172 26.1 245 16.1 318 18.4 391 56.4 464 60.7 537 11.1

27 13.1 100 0 173 27.6 246 16.9 319 20.7 392 56.4 465 59.9 538 10.4

28 12.3 101 0 174 29.2 247 16.5 320 24.2 393 56.4 466 59.1 539 8.8

29 12.3 102 0 175 31.1 248 16.9 321 26.9 394 57.2 467 59.1 540 9.2

30 11.5 103 0 176 32.3 249 18 322 29.6 395 56.8 468 59.1 541 10

31 11.5 104 0 177 34.2 250 19.2 323 31.1 396 57.6 469 59.9 542 10.4

32 11.1 105 0 178 34.9 251 20.4 324 32.6 397 57.6 470 59.5 543 10.4

33 11.1 106 0 179 35.7 252 20.4 325 33.8 398 57.6 471 59.9 544 5.4

34 11.1 107 0 180 36.5 253 21.1 326 34.9 399 58 472 58.8 545 1.9

35 13.1 108 0.4 181 36.9 254 21.1 327 36.9 400 58 473 58 546 0

36 15 109 1.2 182 36.9 255 22.3 328 39.2 401 58.4 474 57.6 547 0

37 16.9 110 1.9 183 37.2 256 23 329 41.1 402 58.4 475 56.8 548 0

38 16.9 111 3.8 184 37.6 257 23.8 330 43 403 58.8 476 56.1 549 0

39 16.1 112 7.7 185 37.2 258 24.2 331 43.8 404 59.1 477 55.3 550 0

40 15.7 113 11.5 186 37.6 259 24.6 332 44.5 405 58.8 478 54.1 551 0

41 15.4 114 14.6 187 38 260 25 333 45.3 406 58.8 479 52.6 552 0

42 15 115 18 188 38.4 261 25.7 334 45.3 407 58 480 49.2 553 0

43 13.8 116 21.5 189 39.2 262 25.7 335 44.9 408 58 481 46.1 554 0

44 10.8 117 25 190 39.6 263 26.5 336 44.5 409 57.6 482 43 555 0

45 8.4 118 28.4 191 39.9 264 27.6 337 43.8 410 57.6 483 37.2 556 0

46 6.1 119 30.7 192 40.7 265 28.4 338 43.4 411 57.6 484 29.6 557 0

47 4.2 120 31.9 193 40.3 266 29.2 339 42.6 412 57.6 485 21.5 558 0

48 3.5 121 32.3 194 41.1 267 30.3 340 41.9 413 57.6 486 16.5 559 0

49 3.5 122 32.3 195 41.1 268 31.1 341 41.5 414 59.1 487 15.7 560 0

50 1.5 123 31.9 196 40.7 269 31.1 342 40.7 415 59.5 488 18.4 561 0

51 0 124 30.3 197 31.9 270 30.7 343 40.3 416 59.9 489 21.5 562 0

52 0 125 28 198 23.9 271 31.1 344 41.1 417 60.3 490 25 563 0

53 0 126 24.2 199 15.9 272 29.6 345 41.5 418 60.3 491 27.3 564 0

54 0 127 20 200 7.9 273 29.2 346 42.6 419 61.1 492 29.2 565 0

55 0 128 16.1 201 2.7 274 29.2 347 43.4 420 60.3 493 30.7 566 0

56 0 129 11.5 202 0.4 275 28.8 348 44.2 421 59.9 494 31.5 567 0

57 0 130 8.1 203 0.4 276 28 349 44.9 422 59.5 495 31.1 568 0

58 0 131 5 204 2.7 277 23 350 45.7 423 59.1 496 31.1 569 0

59 0 132 3.5 205 3.8 278 21.1 351 46.5 424 59.1 497 30.3 570 0

60 0 133 1.9 206 3.8 279 21.5 352 46.8 425 59.5 498 30 571 0

61 0 134 0 207 1.5 280 20.7 353 47.2 426 59.5 499 30 572 0.4

62 0 135 0 208 0 281 20.7 354 48 427 59.5 500 29.6 573 1.5

63 1.2 136 0 209 0 282 19.6 355 47.6 428 59.9 501 30 574 3.5

64 3.5 137 0 210 0 283 16.5 356 48.4 429 60.3 502 28.8 575 6.1

65 7.7 138 0 211 0 284 13.1 357 48 430 60.7 503 28.8 576 10.4

66 11.1 139 0 212 0 285 9.6 358 47.2 431 60.7 504 28 577 14.2

67 13.8 140 0 213 0 286 7.3 359 46.1 432 61.4 505 28.4 578 16.9

68 16.5 141 0 214 0 287 3.8 360 45.7 433 61.8 506 28 579 19.2

69 18.4 142 0 215 0 288 0.8 361 44.9 434 61.8 507 28.4 580 20

70 20.4 143 1.5 216 0 289 0 362 44.2 435 61.8 508 28.4 581 21.5

71 20.7 144 6.9 217 0 290 0 363 43.8 436 61.8 509 28.8 582 23.4

72 19.6 145 12.7 218 0 291 0 364 44.5 437 61.1 510 28.4 583 24.6

73 17.3 146 16.5 219 0 292 0 365 44.9 438 60.7 511 28.4 584 24.2
Hot 1435 Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

D-71

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

585 20 658 33 731 4.2 804 20.4 877 62.2 950 16.5 1023 0.4 1096 9.6

586 16.9 659 34.2 732 1.2 805 18.8 878 62.2 951 15 1024 2.7 1097 8.8

587 13.4 660 34.6 733 0 806 17.3 879 62.6 952 11.9 1025 6.1 1098 10.8

588 13.4 661 35.3 734 0 807 15 880 63.7 953 9.6 1026 9.2 1099 12.7

589 15.7 662 36.1 735 0 808 13.1 881 64.5 954 8.4 1027 11.5 1100 14.2

590 18.4 663 36.1 736 0 809 9.2 882 64.9 955 5.8 1028 14.2 1101 14.6

591 21.1 664 36.9 737 0 810 6.9 883 66 956 1.2 1029 16.1 1102 13.1

592 23.4 665 36.9 738 0 811 4.6 884 66 957 0 1030 18 1103 11.1

593 25.3 666 37.6 739 0 812 4.6 885 66.8 958 0 1031 20 1104 11.1

594 27.6 667 37.6 740 0 813 4.6 886 66.4 959 0 1032 21.5 1105 11.1

595 28.8 668 38.4 741 0 814 4.2 887 66.8 960 1.2 1033 23 1106 13.1

596 30.3 669 38 742 0 815 5.4 888 67.2 961 3.1 1034 24.2 1107 15.7

597 30.7 670 37.6 743 0 816 4.6 889 66.4 962 5 1035 25 1108 18.4

598 31.5 671 37.6 744 0 817 3.5 890 66.4 963 8.4 1036 25.7 1109 20.7

599 31.1 672 37.2 745 0 818 2.3 891 66 964 11.5 1037 26.9 1110 23.8

600 31.1 673 36.9 746 0 819 2.3 892 65.7 965 14.6 1038 27.6 1111 25.7

601 30.3 674 36.1 747 0 820 1.9 893 65.7 966 16.9 1039 27.6 1112 28

602 30.3 675 35.7 748 0 821 3.1 894 66.4 967 18.8 1040 28.4 1113 30

603 30.3 676 36.1 749 0 822 6.1 895 66 968 21.1 1041 29.2 1114 31.1

604 30.7 677 35.7 750 0 823 4.6 896 65.7 969 23.8 1042 29.2 1115 32.3

605 31.1 678 35.7 751 0 824 2.7 897 65.3 970 26.5 1043 30 1116 34.2

606 32.3 679 35.7 752 0 825 2.3 898 65.3 971 28 1044 29.6 1117 35.7

607 32.6 680 36.1 753 0 826 2.3 899 64.5 972 29.6 1045 29.6 1118 36.9

608 32.6 681 36.1 754 0 827 3.1 900 64.5 973 30.7 1046 28.8 1119 38.8

609 32.6 682 35.7 755 0 828 4.2 901 64.1 974 32.6 1047 28 1120 40.3

610 31.1 683 35.7 756 0 829 3.5 902 63.7 975 34.2 1048 23.8 1121 41.5

611 26.9 684 34.9 757 0 830 3.8 903 63.7 976 35.3 1049 18.8 1122 42.2

612 22.3 685 34.6 758 0 831 4.2 904 63.7 977 36.1 1050 11.9 1123 43

613 18 686 34.2 759 0 832 3.5 905 64.5 978 36.9 1051 6.1 1124 43.8

614 13.8 687 33.8 760 0 833 3.5 906 64.5 979 38 1052 1.5 1125 43.8

615 9.6 688 33.4 761 0 834 3.5 907 64.9 980 38 1053 1.5 1126 43.4

616 4.6 689 33 762 0 835 4.6 908 64.5 981 38 1054 4.2 1127 43

617 6.1 690 30.3 763 1.5 836 5.8 909 64.1 982 38 1055 8.1 1128 42.2

618 10 691 29.2 764 5.4 837 3.5 910 64.9 983 38 1056 10.4 1129 41.9

619 14.2 692 28.4 765 9.2 838 0.8 911 65.3 984 37.2 1057 13.1 1130 41.5

620 17.3 693 25 766 11.5 839 3.5 912 65.3 985 36.9 1058 15.4 1131 41.9

621 20 694 21.1 767 14.6 840 3.8 913 65.3 986 36.1 1059 18 1132 41.9

622 21.5 695 16.9 768 17.3 841 2.3 914 64.1 987 35.7 1060 20.4 1133 41.9

623 22.3 696 13.4 769 19.2 842 0 915 63.4 988 34.9 1061 23 1134 42.2

624 22.3 697 13.1 770 21.1 843 1.2 916 63 989 34.9 1062 25.3 1135 42.6

625 22.3 698 12.3 771 20.7 844 6.9 917 63.4 990 33.8 1063 27.3 1136 42.6

626 22.3 699 12.7 772 20.7 845 13.8 918 64.1 991 31.5 1064 28.8 1137 42.6

627 23 700 15.7 773 19.6 846 18.8 919 64.9 992 28.8 1065 30.3 1138 42.6

628 23 701 19.2 774 18.4 847 23.8 920 65.3 993 25.7 1066 31.1 1139 42.6

629 22.7 702 22.3 775 16.9 848 27.3 921 64.5 994 24.6 1067 32.3 1140 42.6

630 22.3 703 24.6 776 16.9 849 30.7 922 64.1 995 23.4 1068 31.9 1141 42.6

631 21.9 704 25.7 777 16.5 850 33.8 923 63.4 996 22.3 1069 32.3 1142 42.2

632 22.7 705 26.5 778 16.9 851 37.6 924 63.7 997 21.5 1070 31.9 1143 43

633 23.8 706 26.5 779 16.9 852 40.7 925 63.4 998 20 1071 31.1 1144 43.4

634 25 707 26.9 780 16.9 853 43.8 926 63.4 999 20 1072 28.8 1145 43

635 25.3 708 27.3 781 17.3 854 46.1 927 63.4 1000 19.2 1073 25 1146 42.6

636 25.7 709 27.3 782 19.2 855 48 928 63.4 1001 19.2 1074 22.7 1147 41.9

637 26.5 710 27.6 783 20.4 856 49.5 929 63.7 1002 18 1075 18.8 1148 40.7

638 26.9 711 28.4 784 21.1 857 51.5 930 64.5 1003 11.9 1076 15.4 1149 36.9

639 27.3 712 28.8 785 22.3 858 53 931 65.3 1004 6.9 1077 13.4 1150 32.6

640 28 713 28.8 786 22.3 859 54.5 932 64.9 1005 2.7 1078 11.9 1151 28

641 29.2 714 29.2 787 22.7 860 55.7 933 63.7 1006 0.8 1079 8.8 1152 23.4

642 30 715 28.8 788 22.3 861 56.8 934 63 1007 0.4 1080 5 1153 18.4

643 30 716 28.8 789 22.7 862 58 935 59.9 1008 0 1081 1.9 1154 14.6

644 29.6 717 28 790 22.3 863 59.1 936 55.3 1009 0 1082 2.3 1155 12.3

645 29.6 718 28 791 23.8 864 60.3 937 50.7 1010 0 1083 2.7 1156 9.2

646 28.8 719 27.6 792 25.7 865 61.1 938 49.2 1011 0 1084 3.5 1157 5.8

647 28.4 720 26.5 793 27.6 866 61.8 939 48 1012 0 1085 6.5 1158 1.9

648 28 721 24.6 794 29.6 867 61.8 940 46.1 1013 0 1086 10.8 1159 0.4

649 27.3 722 20.7 795 30 868 61.8 941 44.2 1014 0 1087 13.8 1160 0

650 25.7 723 16.5 796 29.2 869 61.8 942 41.1 1015 0 1088 16.1 1161 0
D-72

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

651 24.6 724 15 797 27.6 870 62.6 943 39.9 1016 0 1089 18.4 1162 0

652 25 725 14.2 798 25 871 63.4 944 36.1 1017 0 1090 20.4 1163 0

653 26.5 726 14.2 799 23.8 872 63 945 32.6 1018 0 1091 21.9 1164 0

654 28 727 13.8 800 23.4 873 63 946 29.2 1019 0 1092 21.9 1165 0.4

655 29.6 728 13.8 801 24.2 874 62.6 947 24.6 1020 0 1093 20.7 1166 4.2

656 30.7 729 11.9 802 23.4 875 61.8 948 20.7 1021 0 1094 17.3 1167 9.2

657 32.3 730 8.4 803 23 876 61.8 949 19.2 1022 0 1095 13.1 1168 11.9
D-73

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Hot 1435 Unified Test Cycle

(Speed vs Time Sequence)

Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed Time Speed

(sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph) (sec.) (mph)

1169 14.2 1240 3.5 1311 40.7 1382 2.7

1170 15.7 1241 10.4 1312 40.3 1383 2.3

1171 15 1242 15.4 1313 39.6 1384 1.5

1172 14.2 1243 17.3 1314 39.2 1385 1.2

1173 13.4 1244 17.3 1315 38.8 1386 0

1174 13.8 1245 18.4 1316 38 1387 1.2

1175 14.6 1246 21.5 1317 37.6 1388 4.2

1176 14.6 1247 24.6 1318 37.2 1389 7.3

1177 14.2 1248 27.3 1319 36.5 1390 8.8

1178 16.1 1249 30 1320 34.6 1391 10.8

1179 15.7 1250 31.5 1321 31.5 1392 12.3

1180 15.7 1251 31.9 1322 29.6 1393 13.1

1181 14.6 1252 32.6 1323 29.2 1394 12.3

1182 13.1 1253 33.4 1324 28.8 1395 12.3

1183 10 1254 34.9 1325 28.8 1396 11.5

1184 7.3 1255 36.5 1326 28 1397 11.5

1185 3.5 1256 37.6 1327 28 1398 11.1

1186 0.8 1257 39.2 1328 28.4 1399 11.1

1187 0 1258 40.3 1329 29.6 1400 11.1

1188 0 1259 40.7 1330 30 1401 13.1

1189 0 1260 41.1 1331 30.3 1402 15

1190 0 1261 40.7 1332 29.2 1403 16.9

1191 0.4 1262 40.7 1333 26.5 1404 16.9

1192 2.7 1263 40.7 1334 25.3 1405 16.1

1193 7.3 1264 41.5 1335 25 1406 15.7

1194 11.5 1265 42.6 1336 24.6 1407 15.4

1195 15.4 1266 43 1337 24.6 1408 15

1196 19.2 1267 44.5 1338 25.3 1409 13.8

1197 21.9 1268 45.3 1339 26.1 1410 10.8

1198 23.8 1269 45.3 1340 27.3 1411 8.4

1199 25 1270 44.9 1341 28.4 1412 6.1

1200 26.1 1271 43.4 1342 29.2 1413 4.2

1201 27.3 1272 40.3 1343 29.2 1414 3.5

1202 28.8 1273 38 1344 29.6 1415 3.5

1203 30 1274 36.1 1345 30 1416 1.5

1204 29.6 1275 36.5 1346 31.1 1417 0

1205 29.6 1276 38 1347 32.6 1418 0

1206 28.8 1277 39.2 1348 33.8 1419 0

1207 26.1 1278 40.7 1349 34.6 1420 0

1208 22.3 1279 42.2 1350 34.9 1421 0

1209 19.2 1280 43.4 1351 34.6 1422 0

1210 16.5 1281 44.9 1352 34.9 1423 0

1211 12.7 1282 45.7 1353 34.6 1424 0

1212 9.6 1283 46.1 1354 34.9 1425 0

1213 6.9 1284 46.8 1355 34.9 1426 0

1214 4.2 1285 46.5 1356 34.9 1427 0

1215 2.3 1286 46.5 1357 34.2 1428 0

1216 0.8 1287 46.5 1358 33.8 1429 0

1217 0 1288 46.1 1359 32.6 1430 0

1218 0 1289 46.1 1360 31.5 1431 0

1219 0 1290 46.1 1361 30 1432 0

1220 0 1291 46.8 1362 28.8 1433 0

1221 0 1292 47.6 1363 27.3 1434 0

1222 0 1293 48 1364 23.8 1435 0

1223 0 1294 48.4 1365 23

1224 0 1295 48 1366 23

1225 0 1296 48 1367 22.3

1226 0 1297 47.2 1368 20.4

1227 0 1298 46.5 1369 18.8

1228 0 1299 46.8 1370 17.7

1229 0 1300 47.2 1371 16.1
D-74

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

1230 0 1301 48.4 1372 14.6

1231 0 1302 48.4 1373 12.7

1232 0 1303 48.8 1374 11.1

1233 0 1304 48.4 1375 9.2

1234 0 1305 47.6 1376 8.8

1235 0 1306 46.5 1377 7.3

1236 0 1307 44.2 1378 6.1

1237 0 1308 42.2 1379 5

1238 0 1309 41.5 1380 4.2

1239 0 1310 41.1 1381 3.5
D-75

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

State of California

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFICATIONS

CALIFORNIA EVAPORATIVE EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES

FOR 2001 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL MOTOR VEHICLES

Adopted: August 5, 1999

Amended: June 22, 2006

Amended: October 17, 2007

Amended: December 2, 2009

Amended: September 27, 2010

Amended:_________________

Note: The following text contains staff’s suggested modifications to these test 

procedures as originally proposed December 7, 2011. The originally proposed 

amendments to this document are shown in underline to indicate additions and 

strikeout to indicate deletions compared to the test procedures as last amended 

September 27, 2010. Modifications to the originally proposed language made 

available in connection with this “15-Day Notice” are shown in double underline

to indicate additions and double strikeout to indicate deletions compared to the 

test procedures as proposed December 7, 2011. Staff is proposing modifications 

to limited portions of the original proposal; for some portions where no 

modifications are proposed the text has been omitted and the omission indicated 

by “* * * *.” 
D-76

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Amend “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and 

Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles,” as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California 

Code of Regulations, Section 1976(c) to read:

* * * *

CALIFORNIA EVAPORATIVE EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST PROCEDURES

FOR 2001 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL MOTOR VEHICLES

The provisions of Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 86, Subparts 

A and B (as adopted or amended as of July 1, 1989); Subpart S (as adopted or 

amended on May 4, 1999); and, such sections of these Subparts as last amended on 

such other date set forth next to the 40 CFR Part 86 section title listed below, insofar as 

those subparts pertain to evaporative emission standards and test procedures, are 

hereby adopted as the “California Evaporative Emission Standards and Test Procedures 

for 2001 and Subsequent Model Years,” with the following exceptions and additions:

GENERAL CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS

* * * *

E. Emission Standards

1. Evaporative Emission Standards for 2001 and Subsequent Model 

Year Vehicles Other Than Motorcycles. 

* * * *

(e) For 2015 and subsequent model motor vehicles, the following 

evaporative emission requirements apply:

(i) A manufacturer must certify all vehicles subject to this section 

to the emission standards specified in either Option 1 or Option 2 below.

* * * *

(B) Option 2. The total hydrocarbon evaporative emissions from 

2015 and subsequent model motor vehicles, tested in 

accordance with the test procedure sequence set forth in Part 

III, shall not exceed:

* * * *

(3) Calculation of Hydrocarbon Credits or Debits for the Fleet-Average Option. 
D-77

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

(A) Calculation of Hydrocarbon Credits or Debits. For each emission standard 

category in the model year, a manufacturer shall calculate the hydrocarbon 

credits or debits, as follows:

[(Applicable Hydrocarbon Emission Standard for the Emission Standard 

Category) – (Manufacturer’s Fleet-Average Hydrocarbon Emission Value for the 

Emission Standard Category)] X (Total Number of Affected Vehicles)

where “Total Number of Affected Vehicles” = the total number of vehicles in the 

evaporative families participating in the fleet-average option, which are 

produced and delivered for sale in California, for the emission standard 

category of the given model year.

A negative number constitutes hydrocarbon debits, and a positive number 

constitutes hydrocarbon credits accrued by the manufacturer for the given model 

year. Hydrocarbon credits earned in a given model year shall retain full value 

through the fifth model year after they are earned. At the beginning of the sixth 

model year, the hydrocarbon credits will have no value.

(B) Procedure for Offsetting Hydrocarbon Debits. A manufacturer shall offset 

hydrocarbon debits with hydrocarbon credits for each emission standard 

category within three model years after the debits have been incurred. If total 

hydrocarbon debits are not equalized within three model years after they have 

been incurred, the manufacturer shall be subject to the Health and Safety Code 

section 43211 civil penalties applicable to a manufacturer which sells a new 

motor vehicle that does not meet the applicable emission standards adopted by 

the state board. The cause of action shall be deemed to accrue when the 

hydrocarbon debits are not equalized by the end of the specified time period. For 

the purposes of Health and Safety Code section 43211, the number of vehicles 

not meeting the state board’s emission standards shall be determined by dividing 

the total amount of hydrocarbon debits for the model year in the emission 

standard category by the applicable hydrocarbon emission standard for the 

model year in which the debits were first incurred.

Additionally, a manufacturer may use the excess hydrocarbon credits from the 

emission standard categories of (1) passenger cars and light-duty trucks 6,000 

pounds GVWR and under, and 0 - 3,750 pounds LVW and (2) light-duty trucks 

6,000 pounds GVWR and under, and 3,751 – 5,750 pounds LVW to equalize the 

hydrocarbon debits that remain at the end of the three model year offset period of 

any emission standard category. to equalize the hydrocarbon debits that remain 

at the end of the three model year offset period: (1) hydrocarbon credits may be 

exchanged between passenger cars and light-duty trucks 6,000 pounds GVWR 

and under and 0-3,750 pounds LVW, and light-duty trucks 6,000 pounds GVWR 

and under and 3,751-5,750 pounds LVW and (2) hydrocarbon 

credits may be exchanged between light-duty trucks 6,001-8,500 pounds GVWR 

and medium-duty passenger vehicles, and medium-duty vehicles and heavy-duty

vehicles.
D-78

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

(4) Vehicle Canister Bleed Emission. Compliance with the canister bleed emission 

standard shall be determined based on the Bleed Emission Test Procedure 

described in section III.D.12. of these procedures and demonstrated on a 

stabilized canister system. Vehicles with a non-integrated refueling canister-only 

system are exempt from the canister bleed emission standard. 

(ii) Phase-In Schedule. For each model year, a manufacturer 

shall certify, at a minimum, the specified percentage of its vehicle fleet to 

the evaporative emission standards set forth in section I.E.1.(e)(i), 

according to the implementation schedule set forth below. For the 

purpose of this section I.E.1.(e)(ii), the manufacturer's vehicle fleet 

consists of the vehicles produced and delivered for sale by the 

manufacturer in California that are subject to the emission standards in 

section I.E.1.(e)(i). All 2015 through 2022 model motor vehicles that are 

not subject to these standards pursuant to the phase-in schedule shall 

comply with the requirements for 2004 through 2014 model motor 

vehicles, as described in section I.E.1.(d).

Model Years Minimum Percentage of Vehicle Fleet(1)(2) 

2015, 2016, and 2017 Average of vehicles certified to section I.E.1.(c) in 

model years 2012, 2013, and 2014(3)(4)

2018 and 2019 60

2020 and 2021 80

2022 and subsequent 100

(1) For the 2018 through 2022 model years only, a manufacturer may use an 

alternate phase-in schedule to comply with the phase-in requirements. An 

alternate phase-in schedule must achieve equivalent compliance volume by the 

end of the last model year of the scheduled phase-in (2022). The compliance 

volume is the number calculated by multiplying the percent of vehicles (based on 

the manufacturer’s projected sales volume of all vehicles) meeting the new 

requirements in each model year by the number of years implemented prior to 

and including the last model year of the scheduled phase-in, then summing these 

yearly results to determine a cumulative total. The cumulative total of the five 

year (60/60/80/80/100) scheduled phase-in set forth above is calculated as 

follows: (60*5 years) + (60*4 years) + (80*3 years) + (80*2 years) + (100*1 year) 

= 1040. Accordingly, the required cumulative total for any alternate phase-in 

schedule of these emission standards is 1040. The Executive Officer shall 

consider acceptable any alternate phase-in schedule that results in an equal or 

larger cumulative total by the end of the last model year of the scheduled phasein (2022).

(2) Small volume manufacturers are not required to comply with the phase-in 

schedule set forth in this table. Instead, they shall certify 100 percent of their 
D-79

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

2022 and subsequent model year vehicle fleet to the evaporative emission 

standards set forth in section I.E.1.(e)(i)(A) or section I.E.1.(e)(i)(B).

(3) The percentage of vehicle fleet averaged across the 2015, 2016, and 2017 

model years shall be used to determine compliance with this requirement.

(3) (4) The minimum percentage required in the 2015, 2016, and 2017 model years is 

determined by averaging the percentage of vehicles certified to the emission 

standards in section I.E.1.(c) in each of the manufacturer’s 2012, 2013, and 2014 

model motor vehicle fleets. For the purpose of calculating this average, a 

manufacturer shall use the percentage of vehicles produced and delivered for 

sale in California for the 2012, and 2013, and 2014 model years, and the 

percentage of projected sales in California for the 2014 model year. A 

manufacturer may calculate this average percentage using the projected sales 

for these model years in lieu of actual sales.

(iii) Carry-Over of 2014 Model-Year Evaporative Families Certified 

to the Zero-Fuel Evaporative Emission Standards. A manufacturer may 

carry over 2014 model motor vehicles certified to the zero-fuel (0.0 grams 

per test) evaporative emission standards set forth in section I.E.1.(c) 

through the 2018 model year and be considered compliant with the 

requirements of section I.E.1.(e). If the manufacturer chooses to 

participate in the fleet-average option for the highest whole vehicle diurnal 

plus hot soak emission standard, the following family emission limits are 

assigned to these evaporative families for the calculation of the 

manufacturer’s fleet-average hydrocarbon emission value.

Vehicle Type

Highest Whole Vehicle Diurnal 

+ Hot Soak

(grams per test)

Passenger Cars 0.300

Light-Duty Trucks

6,000 lbs. GVWR and under,

and 0 - 3,750 lbs. LVW

0.300

Light-Duty Trucks

6,000 lbs. GVWR and under,

and 3,751 – 5,750 lbs. LVW

0.400

Light-Duty Trucks

6,001 - 8,500 lbs. GVWR 0.500

(iv) Pooling Provision. The following pooling provision applies to 

the fleet-average option for the Highest Whole Vehicle Diurnal Plus Hot 

Soak Emission Standard in section I.E.1.(e)(i)(B). and to the phase-in 

requirements in section I.E.1.(e)(iii). 
D-80

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

(A) For the fleet-average option set forth in section I.E.1.(e)(i)(B), 

a manufacturer must demonstrate compliance, for each 

model year, based on one of two options applicable 

throughout the model year, either:

Pooling Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, mediumduty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the 

California evaporative emission standards in section 

I.E.1.(e)(i)(B), and are produced and delivered for sale in 

California; or

Pooling Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, mediumduty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the 

California evaporative emission standards in section 

I.E.1.(e)(i)(B), and are produced and delivered for sale in 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have 

adopted California's evaporative emission standards set forth 

in section I.E.1.(e)(i) for that model year pursuant to section 

177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

(B) For the phase-in requirements in section I.E.1.(e)(iii), a 

manufacturer must demonstrate compliance, for each model 

year, based on one of two options applicable throughout the 

model year, either:

Pooling Option 1: the total number of passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, mediumduty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the 

California evaporative emission standards in section 

I.E.1.(e)(i), and are produced and delivered for sale in 

California; or

Pooling Option 2: the total number of passenger cars, 

light-duty trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, mediumduty vehicles, and heavy-duty vehicles that are certified to the 

California evaporative emission standards in section 

I.E.1.(e)(i), and are produced and delivered for sale in 

California, the District of Columbia, and all states that have 

adopted California's evaporative emission standards set forth 

in section I.E.1.(e)(i) for that model year pursuant to section 

177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).
D-81

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

(C) A manufacturer that selects Pooling Option 2 must notify the 

Executive Officer of that selection in writing prior to the start 

of the applicable model year if the manufacturer had not 

selected the Pooling Option 2 for the previous model year, or 

must comply with Pooling Option 1.

(D) When a manufacturer is demonstrating compliance using 

Pooling Option 2 for a given model year, the term "in 

California" as used in section I.E.1.(e) means California, the 

District of Columbia, and all states that have adopted 

California's evaporative emission standards for that model 

year pursuant to Section 177 of the federal Clean Air Act (42 

U.S.C. § 7507).

(E) A manufacturer that selects Pooling Option 2 must provide to 

the Executive Officer separate values for the number of 

vehicles in each evaporative family produced and delivered 

for sale in the District of Columbia and for each individual 

state within the average and the emission standard category 

and family emission limit value to which each evaporative 

family certifies. A manufacturer must group data submitted in 

accordance with this subsection I.E.1.(e)(iv) for the District of 

Columbia in a single document. For each individual state 

within the average, a manufacturer must group data 

submitted in accordance with this subsection I.E.1.(e)(iv) so 

that all data applicable to a specific state is contained in a 

single document.

(v) Optional Certification for 2014 Model Motor Vehicles. A 

manufacturer may optionally certify its 2014 model motor vehicles to the 

evaporative emission standards set forth in section I.E.1.(e)(i), using the 

test fuel specified in section III.F.2.

* * * *

PART III. EVAPORATIVE EMISSION TEST PROCEDURES FOR LIGHT- AND 

MEDIUM-DUTY VEHICLES

* * * *

D. Test Procedure
D-82

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

The test sequence described in 40 CFR §86.130 through §86.140 shall be 

performed with the following modifications:

1. General Requirements

1.0. The following language shall be applicable in lieu of 40 CFR §86.130-78:

1.1. The test sequence shown in Figure 2 (Figure 3A or 3B for hybrid electric 

vehicles) describes the steps encountered as the vehicle undergoes the three-day 

diurnal sequence and the supplemental two-day diurnal sequence to determine 

conformity with the standards set forth. Methanol measurements may be omitted when 

methanol-fueled vehicles will not be tested in the evaporative enclosure. Ethanol shall 

be accounted for via measurement or mass adjustment factor, using the methods 

described in this test procedure, for vehicles tested with the gasoline set forth in part II, 

section A.100.3.1.2. of the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model 

Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger 

Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles.” Ambient temperature levels 

encountered by the test vehicle throughout the entire duration of this test sequence shall 

not be less than 68o

F nor more than 86oF, unless otherwise specified. The temperatures 

monitored during testing shall be representative of those experienced by the test vehicle. 

The test vehicle shall be approximately level during all phases of the test sequence to 

prevent abnormal fuel distribution. The temperature tolerance of a soak period may be 

waived for up to 10 minutes to allow purging of the enclosure or transporting the vehicle 

into the enclosure.

* * * *

10. Diurnal Breathing Loss Test 

10.1. A three-day diurnal test shall be performed in a variable temperature 

enclosure, described in section III.A.1. of this test procedure. The test consists of three 

24-hour cycles. For purposes of this diurnal breathing loss test, all references to 

methanol shall be applicable to alcohol, unless specific instructions for ethanol are 

noted.

* * * *

10.15. The two-day diurnal test shall be performed in an enclosure, 

described in section III.A.1. of this test procedure. The test consists of two 24-hour 

diurnals. The test procedure shall be conducted according to 40 CFR §86.133-90, 

revised by sections III.D.10.3.1. through III.D.10.3.14., except that only two consecutive 

24-hour diurnals shall be performed. For the purposes of this diurnal breathing loss test, 

all references to methanol shall be applicable to alcohol, unless specific instructions for 

ethanol are noted.

* * * *
D-83

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

11. Calculations: Evaporative Emissions

11.0. Revise 40 CFR §86.143-90 as follows:

11.1. Revise subparagraph (a) to read: The calculation of the net hydrocarbon 

plus ethanol (or methanol) mass change in the enclosure is used to determine the 

diurnal, hot soak, and running loss mass emissions. If the emissions also include 

alcohol components other than methanol and ethanol and other alcohol components, the 

manufacturer shall determine an appropriate calculation(s) which reflect characteristics 

of the alcohol component similar to the equations below, subject to the Executive Officer 

approval. The mass changes are calculated from initial and final hydrocarbon, and 

methanol concentrations in ppm carbon, initial and final enclosure ambient 

temperatures, initial and final barometric pressures, and net enclosure volume using the 

following equations of this section III.D.11.: Diurnal, hot soak, and running loss mass 

emissions for methanol-fueled vehicles shall be conducted according to 40 

CFR §86.143-96, as amended August 23, 1995. 

11.2. Revise subparagraph (a)(1) to read:

Methanol calculations shall be conducted according to 40 CFR

§86.143-96(b)(1)(i), as amended March 24, 1993.

For ethanol in an enclosure:

MC2H5OH = (Vn − 50) × �

�CS1f × AV1f� + �CS2f × AV2f�

VEf � − �

(CS1i × AV1i) + (CS2i × AV2i)

VEi � + (MC2H5OHout − MC2H5OHin)

where: MC2H5OH is the ethanol mass emissions (μg)

Vn is the enclosure nominal volume. (ft3)

S is the GC concentration of sample (μg/ml)

AV is the volume of absorbing reagent in impinger 

(ml)

VE is the volume of sample withdrawn (ft3). Sample 

volumes must be corrected for differences in 

temperature to be consistent with determination of 

Vn, prior to being used in the equation.

i = initial sample

f = final sample

1 is the first impinger

2 is the second impinger
D-84

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

MC2H5OH, out is the mass of ethanol exiting the 

enclosure from the beginning of the cycle to the 

end of the cycle; this only applies to diurnal testing 

in fixed-volume enclosures (μg); For variablevolume enclosures, MC2H5OH, out is zero

MC2H5OH, in is the mass of ethanol entering the 

enclosure from the beginning of the cycle to the 

end of the cycle; this only applies to diurnal testing 

in fixed-volume enclosures (μg); For variablevolume enclosures, MC2H5OH, in is zero

The enclosure ethanol mass (MC2H5OH) determined from the equation above goes into the 

equations of subsequent sections to calculate the total mass emissions, where MC2H5OHhs

is the ethanol mass emissions from the hot soak test, MC2H5OHdi is the ethanol mass 

emissions from the diurnal test, and MC2H5OHrl(n) is the ethanol mass emissions from the 

running loss test for phase n of the test. For diurnal testing, this calculation shall be 

made for each 24-hour diurnal period.

11.3. Revise subparagraph (a)(2) to read:

11.3.1. For hydrocarbons in an enclosure:

(a) Hot soak HC mass. Hot soak and diurnal testing in an 

enclosure: For fixed volume enclosures, the hot soak

enclosure hydrocarbon mass is determined as:

MHChs = [2.97x (Vn - 50) x10-4 x {Pf (CHCe2 - rCC2H53OHe2)/Tf - Pi

(CHCe1 - rCC2H53OHe1)/Ti}] + MHC, out - MHC, in

where: MHChs is the hot soak HC mass emissions (grams)

Vn is the enclosure nominal volume if the running 

loss enclosure is used or the enclosure volume at 

105oF if the diurnal enclosure is used. (ft3)

Pi is the initial barometric pressure (inches Hg)

Pf is the final barometric pressure (inches Hg)

CHCe2 is the final enclosure hydrocarbon 

concentration including FID response to methanol 

in the sample (ppm C)
D-85

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

CHCe1 is the initial enclosure hydrocarbon 

concentration including FID response to methanol 

in the sample (ppm C)

CC2H53OHe2 is the final methanol concentration 

calculated according to §86.143-90 (a)(2)(iii) (ppm 

C equivalent).

= 2.088 × 10−3 × Tf

Pf × VE

× ��CS1f × AV1f� + �CS2f × AV2f��

CC2H53OHe1 is the initial methanol concentration calc

ulated according to §86.143-90 (a)(2)(iii) (ppm C 

equivalent)

= 2.088 × 10−3 × Ti

Pi × VE

× [(CS1i × AV1i) + (CS2i × AV2i)]

r is the FID response factor to methanol

Ti is the initial enclosure temperature (o

R)

Tf is the final enclosure temperature (o

R)

VE is the volume of sample withdrawn (ft3). Sample 

volumes must be corrected for differences in 

temperature to be consistent with determination of 

Vn, prior to being used in the equation.

CS is the GC concentration of sample (μg/ml)

AV is the Volume of absorbing reagent in impinger 

(ml)

1 is the first impinger

2 is the second impinger

i = initial sample

f = final sample
D-86

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

MHC, out is the mass of hydrocarbon exiting the 

enclosure from the beginning of the cycle to the 

end of the cycle; this only applies to diurnal testing 

in fixed-volume enclosures (grams)

MHC, in is the mass of hydrocarbon entering the 

enclosure from the beginning of the cycle to the 

end of the cycle; this only applies to diurnal testing 

in fixed-volume enclosures (grams)

For vehicles tested in an enclosure with the gasoline set forth in part II, section 

A.100.3.1.2. of the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse 

Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles” only, measured ethanol values can be omitted so 

long as the resultant MHC is multiplied by 1.08. If this option is used, then all terms 

accounting for ethanol in the applicable equations of this section III.D.11 shall equal 

zero.

The enclosure HC mass (MHC) determined from the equation above goes into the 

equations of subsequent sections to calculate the total mass emissions, where MHChs is 

the HC mass emissions from the hot soak test, MHCdi is the HC mass emissions from the 

diurnal test, and MHCrl(n) is the HC mass emissions from the running loss test for phase n 

of the test if the enclosure method is used for running loss testing. For diurnal testing, 

this calculation shall be made for each 24-hour diurnal period.

For variable volume enclosures, calculate the hot soak enclosure HC mass (MHChs) 

according to the equation used above except that Pf and Tf shall equal Pi and Ti and MHC, 

out and MHC, in shall equal zero.

(b) Running loss HC mass. 

The running loss HC mass per distance traveled is defined as:

MHCrlt = (MHCrl(1) + MHCrl(2) + MHCrl 1(3))/(Drl(1) + Drl(2) + Drl(3))

where: MHCrlt is the total running loss HC mass per distance 

traveled (grams HC per mile)

MHCrl(n) is the running loss HC mass for phase n of 

the test (grams HC)

Drl(n) is the actual distance traveled over the driving 

cycle for phase n of the test (miles)

The running loss ethanol mass per distance traveled is defined as:
D-87

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

MC2H5OHrlt = (MC2H5OHrl(1) + MC2H5OHrl(2) + MC2H5OHrl(3))/(Drl(1) + Drl(2) + 

Drl(3))

where: MC2H5OHrlt is the total running loss ethanol mass per 

distance traveled (grams ethanol per mile)

MC2H5OHrl(n) is the running loss ethanol mass for 

phase n of the test (grams ethanol)

For the point-source method:

Hydrocarbon emissions:

MHCrl(n) = (CHCs(n) - CHCa(n) ) x 16.88 x Vmix x 10-6

where: CHCs(n) is the sample bag HC concentration for 

phase n of the test (ppm C)

CHCa(n) is the background bag concentration for 

phase n of 

the test (ppm C)

16.88 is the density of pure vapor at 68o

F 

(grams/ft3

)

Vmix is the total dilute CVS volume (std. ft3

)

and: Vmix is calculated per 40 CFR §86.144-90

MeEthanol emissions:

MC2H53OHrl(n) = (CC2H53OHs(n) - CC2H53OHa(n)) x 37.74 54.25 x Vmix

where: CC2H53OHs(n) is the sample bag methanol 

concentration for phase n of the test (ppm C 

equivalent)

CC2H53OHs(n) is the background bag concentration for 

phase n of the test (ppm C equivalent)

37.71 54.25 is the density of pure vapor at 68oF 

(grams/ft3)

Vmix is the total dilute CVS volume (std. ft3

)

and: Vmix is calculated per 40 CFR §86.144-90
D-88

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

For the enclosure method:

MHCrl(n) is the running loss HC mass for phase n of 

the test (grams HC) and shall be determined by the 

same method as the hot soak hydrocarbon mass 

emissions determination specified in section 

III.D.11.3.1.(a).

(c) Diurnal mass. For fixed volume enclosures, the HC mass 

for each of the three diurnals is defined for an enclosure as:

MHCd = [2.97x(V - 50)x10-4x{Pf (CHCe2 - rCCH3OHe2)/Tf - Pi (CHCe1 - rCCH3OHe1)/Ti }] 

+ MHC, out - MHC, in

where: MHCd is the diurnal HC mass emissions (grams)

V is the enclosure volume at 65o F (ft3)

Pi is the initial barometric pressure (inches Hg)

Pf is the final barometric pressure (inches Hg)

CHCe2 is the final enclosure hydrocarbon 

concentration including FID response to methanol 

in the sample (ppm C)

CHCe1 is the initial enclosure hydrocarbon 

concentration including FID response to methanol 

in the sample (ppm C)

CCH3OHe2 is the final methanol concentration 

calculated according to 40 CFR §86.143-90 

(a)(2)(iii)

CCH3OHe1 is the initial methanol concentration 

calculated according to 40 CFR §86.143-90 

(a)(2)(iii)

r is the FID response factor to methanol

Ti is the initial enclosure temperature (oR)

Tf is the final enclosure temperature (oR)
D-89

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

MHC, out is the mass of hydrocarbon exiting the 

enclosure from the beginning of the cycle to the 

end of the cycle (grams)

MHC, in is the mass of hydrocarbon entering the 

enclosure from the beginning of the cycle to the 

end of the cycle (grams)

For variable volume enclosures, calculate the HC mass for each of the three diurnals 

(MHCd) according to the equation used above except that Pf and Tf shall equal Pi and Ti

and MHC, out and MHC, in shall equal zero.

11.3.2. Revise subparagraph (a)(3) to read:

The total mass emissions shall be adjusted as follows:

(1) Mhs = MHChs + (14.2284/32.042 28.44/46.07) x 10-6

MC2H53OHhs

(2) Mdi = MHCdi + (14.3594/32.042 28.66/46.07) x 10-6 

MC2H53OHdi 

(3) Mrl = MHCrlt + (14.2284/32.042 28.44/46.07) x 10-6

MC2H53OHrlt

11.3.3. Revise subparagraph (b) to read: The final evaporative emission test 

results reported shall be computed by summing the adjusted evaporative emission result 

determined for the hot soak test (Mhs) and the highest 24-hour result determined for the 

diurnal breathing loss test (Mdi). The final reported result for the running loss test shall 

be the adjusted emission result (Mrl), expressed on a grams per mile basis.

12. Bleed Emission Test Procedure (BETP)

12.1. Carbon Canister System Stabilization. The carbon canister system shall 

be stabilized to a 4,000-mile test condition using one of the following methods: 

12.1.1. Stabilization on a vehicle. The canister system shall be installed on a 

representative vehicle, and the vehicle shall be driven for 4,000 miles using California 

certification fuel the gasoline set forth in part II., section A.100.3.1.2. of the “California

2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and MediumDuty Vehicles.” The last part of this drive shall consist of an Urban Dynamometer 

Driving Schedule (UDDS), specified in appendix I of 40 CFR §86.

12.1.2. Carbon Canister System Purge/Load Cycling with Fuel Vapor. 

The carbon canister system shall be cycle aged no less than 10 cycles using California 

certification fuel the gasoline referenced in section III.D.12.1.1 by loading the canister 
D-90

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

system to 2-gram breakthrough with either a mixture of fuel vapor and nitrogen (50 ± 15 

percent fuel vapor by volume) or a mixture of fuel vapor and air (50 ± 15 percent fuel 

vapor by volume), at a fuel vapor fill rate of 40 to 80 grams per hour. Each loading is 

followed by purging the canister system with 300 canister bed volume exchanges at 0.8 

cfm.

12.1.3. Alternative Carbon Canister System Purge/Load Cycling with Fuel 

Vapor. The carbon canister system shall be aged no less than 10 cycles using 

California certification fuel the gasoline referenced in section III.D.12.1.1 by loading and 

purging the carbon canister system with a method approved in advance by the Executive 

Officer. The alternative method shall be demonstrated to yield test results equivalent to 

or more stringent than, those resulting from the use of the method set forth in section 

III.D.12.1.1 or III.D.12.1.2.

12.2. Fuel Tank Drain/Fill and Soak. A fuel tank that represents the worst case 

as determined by engineering evaluation shall be drained and filled to 40 percent with 

California certification fuel the gasoline referenced in section III.D.12.1.1. The tank shall 

be soaked for a minimum of 6 hours to a maximum of 72 hours at 65 ± 3°F. The 

canister system load (section III.D.12.3) and soak (section III.D.12.4) can be performed 

in series or in parallel with the 6 to 72 hour fuel tank soak. 

* * * *

F. Fuel Specifications

1. For 2001 through 2014 model motor vehicles, the Evaporative

evaporative emission test fuel shall be the fuel specified for exhaust emission testing as 

specified in part II. section A.100.3. of the “California 2001 through 2014 Model Criteria 

Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and for 2001 and 

Subsequent 2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and Medium-Duty 

Vehicles,” except as provided in section III.G. of these test procedures. 

2. All 2015 2014 through 2019 model gasoline-fueled motor vehicles 

certifying to evaporative emission standards set forth in the section I.E.1.(e) (except 

those vehicles produced by a small volume manufacturer, as noted below, and those 

vehicles belonging to carry-over families allowed per section I.E.1.(e)(iii)) shall be tested 

for evaporative emissions on the gasoline set forth in part II., section A.100.3.1.2. of the 

“California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles”.” All 2015 2014 through 2019 model gasoline-fueled motor 

vehicles not certifying to evaporative emission standards set forth in the section I.E.1.(e) 

that are not tested using this gasoline shall may conduct evaporative emission testing 

with use the test fuel specified in section III.F.1.

All 2020 and subsequent model gasoline-fueled motor vehicles (except those 

vehicles produced by a small volume manufacturer, as noted below) shall be tested for 

both exhaust and evaporative emissions on the gasoline set forth in part II., section 
D-91

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

A.100.3.1.2. of the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse 

Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles”; evaporative emission testing by the Executive 

Officer will be performed using said test fuel for both exhaust and evaporative emission 

testing.

A small volume manufacturer shall certify all 2022 and subsequent model motor 

vehicles to both exhaust andthe evaporative emission requirements using the gasoline 

specified for exhaust emission testing described set forth in part II., section A.100.3.1.2. 

of the “California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas 

Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks and Medium-Duty Vehicles”; evaporative emission testing by the Executive 

Officer will be performed using said test fuel for both exhaust and evaporative emission 

testing. All 2015 to 2021 model motor vehicles produced by a small volume 

manufacturer that are not tested using this gasoline shall conduct evaporative emission 

testing with use the test fuel in section III.F.1.

3. For 2015 and subsequent model motor vehicles other than gasoline-fueled 

vehicles, the evaporative emission test fuel shall be the applicable fuel specified for 

exhaust evaporative emission testing in part II. section A.100.3.3 – A.100.3.6 of the 

“California 2015 and Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks and 

Medium-Duty Vehicles.”

* * * *
D-92

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

State of California

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFICATIONS

CALIFORNIA REFUELING EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES

FOR 2001 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL MOTOR VEHICLES

Adopted: August 5, 1999

Amended: September 5, 2003

Amended: June 22, 2006

Amended: October 17, 2007

Amended: December 2, 2009

Amended: September 27, 2010

Amended: [INSERT DATE OF AMENDMENT]

Note: Proposed amendments to this document are shown in underline to 

indicate additions and strikeouts to indicate deletions compared to the test 

procedures as last amended September 27, 2010. Modifications to the 

originally proposed language made available in connection with this “15-

Day Notice” are shown in double underline to indicate additions and 

double strikeout to indicate deletions compared to the test procedures as 

proposed December 7, 2011. Staff is proposing modifications to limited 

portions of the original proposal; for some portions where no modifications 
D-93

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

are proposed the text has been omitted and the omission indicated by “* * 

* *.”

Amend “CALIFORNIA REFUELING EMISSION STANDARDS AND TEST 

PROCEDURES FOR 2001 AND SUBSEQUENT MODEL MOTOR VEHICLES” 

as incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code of Regulations, Section 

1978 to read:

* * * *

Subpart S Requirements

I. General Certification Requirements for Refueling Emissions

A. Applicability

1. These refueling standards and test procedures are applicable to all 

new 2001 and subsequent model gasoline-fueled, alcohol-fueled, diesel-fueled, 

liquefied petroleum gas-fueled, natural gas-fueled, and hybrid electric passenger 

cars (including 2012 and subsequent model-year off-vehicle charge capable 

hybrid electric vehicles), light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles with a gross 

vehicle weight rating of less than 8,501 lbs., and to all new complete 2015 and 

subsequent model gasoline-fueled, alcohol-fueled, diesel-fueled, liquefied 

petroleum gas-fueled, natural gas-fueled, and hybrid electric (including 2012 and 

subsequent model-year off-vehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles) 

medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating of 8,501 through 14,000 

lbs. A manufacturer may elect to certify 2009 through 2011 model-year offvehicle charge capable hybrid electric vehicles using these provisions. In cases 

where a provision applies only to a certain vehicle group based on its model 

year, vehicle class, motor fuel, engine type, or other distinguishing 

characteristics, the limited applicability is cited in the appropriate section or 

paragraph.

* * * *

F. Emission Standards

* * * *

2. The maximum refueling emissions for 2001 and subsequent model 

passenger cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle 

weight rating less than 8,501 lbs., and 2015 and subsequent model complete
D-94

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

medium-duty vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating 8,501 through 14,000 

lbs. for the full useful life are:

* * * *

2.3. Incomplete vehicles of 14,000 pounds gross vehicle weight 

rating or less that are certified as incomplete vehicles for the purposes of 

evaporative emissions testing as set forth in the “California Evaporative Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles,” optionally certified to complete heavy duty vehicle standards under the 

provisions of §86.1801–01(c)(2) are not required to demonstrate compliance with 

the refueling emission standards set forth in 2.1.

* * * *
D-95

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

State of California

California Environmental Protection Agency

AIR RESOURCES BOARD

Stationary Source Division

PROPOSED 15-DAY MODIFICATIONS

CALIFORNIA TEST PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING SUBSTITUTE FUELS 

AND NEW CLEAN FUELS IN 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT YEARS

Adopted: [INSERT DATE OF ADOPTION]

Note: Although this is a newly proposed document, changes to this document 

compared to the current “California Test Procedures for Evaluating Substitute 

Fuels and New Clean Fuels” are shown in underline to indicate additions and 

strikeout to indicate deletions compared to the test procedures as adopted 

November 2, 1993. The following text contains staff’s suggested modifications to 

these test procedures as originally proposed December 7, 2011. Modifications to 

the originally proposed language made available in connection with this “15-Day 

Notice” are shown in double underline to indicate additions and double strikeout 

to indicate deletions compared to the test procedures as proposed December 7, 

2011. Staff is proposing modifications to limited portions of the original proposal; 

for some portions where no modifications are proposed the text has been omitted 

and the omission indicated by “* * * *” or [No change].
D-96

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Amend “CALIFORNIA TEST PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING SUBSTITUTE 

FUELS AND NEW CLEAN FUELS IN 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT YEARS,” as 

incorporated by reference in Title 13, California Code of Regulations, Section 

2317 to read: 

* * * *

CALIFORNIA TEST PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING SUBSTITUTE FUELS 

AND NEW CLEAN FUELS IN 2015 AND SUBSEQUENT YEARS

* * * *

XI. Demonstration Regarding Durability

* * * *

E. The plan referred to in XI.D may include, but is not limited, to the following:

-- emission testing

-- 150,000-mile durability testing with emission tests every 5,000 

miles

-- bench tests, including immersion tests and vapor tests for a variety 

of automotive materials and components

-- recommendations on statistical tests to be applied to data

* * * *
D-97

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Summary of Proposed 15-day Changes Presented at the January 26, 2012 

Board Hearing

Summary of 15-Day Changes to Proposed Regulation Order

Modifications to §1961. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures 

- 2004 through 2019 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

Subsection (a)(1) This subsection has been revised to allow 2015-2019 MY 

LEV II vehicles to certify to combined NMOG+NOx standards instead of 

separate NMOG and NOx standards.

Subsection (b)(1)(A) This subsection has been revised to allow 

manufacturers to meet an NMOG+NOx fleet average standard rather than an 

NMOG fleet average standard for the 2014 model year.

Modifications to §1961.2. Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures - 2015 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

The introduction to this section was modified to allow the Pooling Provision to 

apply to this entire section, rather than to just the fleet average.

Subsection (a)(1) This subsection has been revised to allow 2015-2019 MY 

LEV II vehicles to certify to combined NMOG+NOx standards instead of 

separate NMOG and NOx standards.

Subsection (a)(2) The title of this subsection has been modified.

Subsection (a)(2)(B) This subsection has been modified to allow 

manufacturers to meet the phase-in requirements for the LEV III medium-duty 

vehicle particulate standards based on a percentage of the combined sales of 

medium-duty vehicles weighing 8,501 to 10,000 pounds GVWR and mediumduty vehicles weighing 10,001 to 14,000 pounds GVWR, rather than separate 

percentages for the two weight classes.

Subsection (a)(7)(A) This subsection has been modified to allow early 

compliance with 150,000-mile SFTP standards for model year 2014 vehicles. 

It has also been modified to require LEV III flex-fueled vehicles to test only on 

LEV III certification gasoline.
D-98

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Subsection (a)(7)(A)(2) This subsection has been modified to clarify how to 

project full useful life emission values for vehicles continuing to certify to LEV 

II SFTP emission standards during the LEV III SFTP phase-in period (“carryover” test groups). It has also been modified to allow the use of full useful life 

SFTP values in lieu of projections if such values are used to certify to the 

4,000-mile emission standards.

Subsection (a)(7)(B) This subsection has been modified to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline. It has also 

been modified to reduce the significant figures of the SFTP PM emission 

standards.

Subsection (a)(7)(C) This subsection has been modified to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline. Also, the 

naming convention for the UC cycle has been changed to “Hot 1435 UC,” to 

clarify that the required test cycle is a modified UC cycle. In addition, the 

subsection was modified to clarify how to determine horsepower for the 

purposes of the MDV standards and to allow manufacturers to use FTP 

emissions values in place of SC03 emissions values in the composite 

emission equation.

Subsection (a)(7)(D) This subsection has been modified to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline. It has also 

been modified to reduce the significant figures of the SFTP PM emission 

standards. Also, the naming convention for the UC cycle has been changed 

to “Hot 1435 UC,” to clarify that the required test cycle is a modified UC cycle.

Subsection (a)(8)(A)1 Three of the values in the table have been corrected 

to align them with the proposed values set forth in the “California 2015 and 

Subsequent Model Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures and 2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust 

Emission Standards and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty 

Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.”

Subsection (a)(8)(C)(2) This subsection has been modified to allow interim inuse SFTP emission standards for new certifications through the 2020 model 

year.

Subsection (a)(10) The word “shall” has been changed to “may” to make it 

clear that vehicles that certify to the LEV III SULEV30 or the LEV III SULEV20 

standard are not required to generate partial ZEV credits.
D-99

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Subsection (b)(1)(A) NMOG+NOx fleet average standards have need 

added to the table for the 2014 model year, to provide an alternative to the 

NMOG fleet average standards in section 1961.

Subsection (b)(1)(A)1 Text from this subsection has been moved to the 

Introduction to this section to show that it applies to the entire section. 

Clarifying language has also been added.

Subsection (b)(1)(A)2 This subsection has been modified to allow 

manufacturers to use projected sales data rather than actual sales data to 

determine the minimum number of SULEV30 and SULEV20 vehicles they 

must produce in the 2018 and subsequent model years.

Subsection (b)(1)(B)1.a An error in the formula has been corrected.

Subsection (b)(1)(B)1.b Errors in the formula have been corrected.

Subsection (b)(1)(B)1.c The table has been modified to allow vehicles 

certified to federal standards to be included in the fleet average NMOG+NOx 

calculation based on the actual standards to which they certify. Also, values 

have been added to the table for LEV II LEV ULEV medium-duty vehicles.

Subsection (b)(1)(B)2 This subsection has been amended to correct an 

error in the Zero-emission VMT Allowance values that may be used in the 

calculations.

Subsection (b)(1)(B)3 This subsection has been deleted, because it is no 

longer needed, due to the modifications to subsection (b)(1)(B)1.c.

Subsection (b)(3)(A) Unnecessary text has been removed.

Subsection (c)(2)(A) The year of applicability for this section has been 

corrected to align it with the year that the LEV III regulations will apply to 

medium-duty vehicles. Also, errors in the formulas have been corrected.

Subsection (c)(2)(B) This subsection has been amended to correct an 

error in the Zero-emission VMT Allowance values that may be used in the 

calculations.

Subsection (f) This new subsection adds a severability provision to section 

1961.2. 
D-100

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Modifications to §1961.3. Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures - 2017 and Subsequent Model Passenger Cars, LightDuty Trucks, and Medium-Duty Vehicles.

Subsection (a)(5)(D)1 This subsection has been modified to eliminate the 

requirement that a manufacturer that elects to pool its emissions report that

selection to ARB prior to the start of each model year to which that selection 

applies.

Subsection (a)(5)(D)3 This subsection has been modified to add clarifying 

language. 

Modifications to §1976. Standards and Test Procedures for Motor Vehicle 

Fuel Evaporative Emissions.

Subsection (b)(1)(G)1.b This subsection has been modified to revise the 

provisions for trading evaporative emission fleet-average credits among 

certain vehicle categories.

Subsection (b)(1)(G)2 This subsection has been modified to allow 

manufacturers to use projected sales data rather than actual sales data to 

determine the minimum number of vehicles they must produce in the 2015-

2017 model years that meet the proposed evaporative emission standards. 

This subsection has also been modified to base compliance for this 

requirement upon the average number of vehicles produced over the 2015-

2017 time period in lieu of a year-by-year requirement.

Subsection (b)(1)(G)4 This subsection has been revised to modify the 

pooling compliance option concerning states that adopt California’s 

evaporative emission standards pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean 

Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507) to specifically set forth required submittal 

information and to reduce the Executive Officer notification requirement.

Subsection (b)(1)(G)5 This subsection has been revised to allow optional 

early compliance in the 2014 model year with the proposed evaporative 

emission standards.

Modifications to §1978. Standards and Test Procedures for Vehicle 

Refueling Emissions.

Revise exemption for incomplete medium-duty vehicles.
D-101

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

It has been suggested that all incomplete vehicles, rather than just a subset of 

incomplete vehicles, be exempted from the refueling requirements given the 

added complexity that testing refueling on incomplete vehicles entails. Staff 

agrees and proposes a modification to reflect this. 
D-102

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Summary of 15-Day Changes to “California 2001 through 2014 Model 

Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 

2009 through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks and Medium 

Duty Vehicles”

Presented at the January 26, 2012 Board Hearing

Part I. Subpart E

Subsection 2.1.1 This subsection has been revised to allow manufacturers 

to meet an NMOG+NOx fleet average standard rather than an NMOG fleet 

average standard for the 2014 model year.

Summary of 15-Day Changes to “California 2015 and Subsequent Model 

Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 

2017 and Subsequent Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light-Duty Trucks, and

Medium-Duty Vehicles”

Presented at the January 26, 2012 Board Hearing

Part I. Subpart D

Subsection D.2.1.4 This subsection has been revised to require the air to fuel 

ratio to not be richer than the leanest air to fuel mixture required to obtain 

maximum torque (lean best torque), with a tolerance of six percent of the fuel 

consumption.

Subsection D.2.1.6 This subsection has been revised to remove Small 

Volume Provisions specific to SFTP.

Subsection D.2.2 This subsection has been revised to specify a conversion 

factor of 1.03 to convert NMHC emission values to NMOG emission values 

for the purpose of determining SFTP compliance.

Part I. Subpart E

Subsection E.1.1.1 This subsection has been revised to allow 2015-2019 

MY LEV II vehicles to certify to combined NMOG+NOx standards instead of 

separate NMOG and NOx standards.
D-103

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Subsection E.1.1.2.1 The title of this subsection has been modified.

Subsection E.1.1.2.1.2 This subsection has been modified to allow 

manufacturers to meet the phase-in requirements for the LEV III medium-duty 

vehicle particulate standards based on a percentage of the combined sales of 

medium-duty vehicles weighing 8,501 to 10,000 pounds GVWR and mediumduty vehicles weighing 10,001 to 14,000 pounds GVWR, rather than separate 

percentages for the two weight classes.

Subsection E.1.2.2.1 This subsection has been revised to allow early 

compliance with 150,000-mile SFTP standards for model year 2014 vehicles. 

Subsection E.1.2.2.1.1 This subsection has been revised to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline for SFTP 

certification. The table has been corrected to specify that the standards are 

NMOG-based standards and not NMHC-based standards.

Subsection E.1.2.2.1.2 This subsection has been revised to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline for SFTP 

certification. 

Subsection E.1.2.2.1.2 Footnote 2 of the table has been revised to clarify 

how to project full useful life emission values for vehicles continuing to certify 

to LEV II during the LEV III phase-in period (“carry-over” test groups). It has 

also been modified to allow the use of full useful life SFTP values in lieu of 

projections if such values are used to certify to the 4,000-mile emission 

standards.

Subsection E.1.2.2.2 This subsection has been revised to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline for SFTP 

certification. It has also been modified to reduce the significant figures of the 

SFTP PM emission standards. 

Subsection E.1.2.2.3 This subsection has been revised to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline for SFTP 

certification. Also, the naming convention for the UC cycle has been changed 

to “Hot 1435 UC,” to clarify that the required test cycle is a modified UC cycle. 

In addition, the subsection was modified to clarify how to determine 

horsepower for the purposes of the MDV standards and to allow 

manufacturers to use FTP emissions values in place of SC03 emissions 

values in the composite emission equation.

Subsection E.1.2.2.4 This subsection has been revised to require LEV III 

flex-fueled vehicles to test only on LEV III certification gasoline for SFTP 
D-104

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

certification. Also, the naming convention for the UC cycle has been changed 

to “Hot 1435 UC,” to clarify that the required test cycle is a modified UC cycle. 

In addition, the subsection was modified to clarify how to determine 

horsepower for the purposes of the MDV standards and to allow 

manufacturers to use FTP emissions values in place of SC03 emissions 

values in the composite emission equation.

Subsection E.1.8 The word “shall” has been changed to “may” to make it 

clear that vehicles that certify to the LEV III SULEV30 or the LEV III SULEV20 

standard are not required to generate partial ZEV credits.

Subsection E.2.1.1 NMOG+NOx fleet average standards have need 

added to the table for the 2014 model year, to provide an alternative to the 

NMOG fleet average standards in the “California 2001 through 2014 Model 

Criteria Pollutant Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures and 2009 

through 2016 Model Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emission Standards and Test 

Procedures for Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty 

Vehicles.”

Subsection E.2.1.1.1 Text has been added to this subsection to extent the 

pooling provision to other sections of these test procedures that address the 

phase-in of LEV III standards.

Subsection E.2.1.1.2 This subsection has been modified to allow 

manufacturers to use projected sales data rather than actual sales data to 

determine the minimum number of SULEV30 and SULEV20 vehicles they 

must produce in the 2018 and subsequent model years.

Subsection E.2.1.2.1(a) and (b) Errors in the formulas have been corrected.

Subsection E.2.1.2.1(c) The table has been modified to allow vehicles 

certified to federal standards to be included in the fleet average NMOG+NOx 

calculation based on the actual standards to which they certify. Also, values 

have been added to the table for LEV II LEV ULEV medium-duty vehicles.

Subsection E.2.1.2.2 This subsection has been amended to correct an 

error in the Zero-emission VMT Allowance values that may be used in the 

calculations.

Subsection E.2.1.2.3 This subsection has been deleted, because it is no 

longer needed, due to the modifications to subsection E.2.1.2.2.

Subsection E.2.3.1(a) Unnecessary text has been removed.
D-105

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Subsection E.2.5.5.4.1 This subsection has been modified to eliminate the 

requirement that a manufacturer that elects to pool its emissions report that 

selection to ARB prior to the start of each model year to which that selection 

applies.

Subsection E.2.5.5.4.3 This subsection has been modified to add clarifying 

language.

Subsection E.3.1.2.1 The year of applicability for this section has been 

corrected to align it with the year that the LEV III regulations will apply to 

medium-duty vehicles. Also, errors in the formulas have been corrected.

Subsection E.3.1.2.2 This subsection has been amended to correct an 

error in the Zero-emission VMT Allowance values that may be used in the 

calculations.

Subsection E.4.3.1 This subsection has been revised to allow interim inuse SFTP emission standards for new certifications through the 2020 model 

year.

Part I. Subpart G

Subsection G.3.5 Testing requirements for demonstration of compliance 

with the LEV III PM standards have been added. 

Part I. Subpart H

Subsection H.1.4.6 This subsection was revised to reference the correct 

title of the applicable document. 

Part II. Subpart A

Subsection 100.3.1.2 Errors in the footnotes in the table have been 

corrected.

Subsection 100.3.4 This subsection has been revised to require the use 

of the proposed test fuel containing ten percent ethanol for evaporative 

emission testing of flex fuel vehicles. 

Subsection 100.5.5.1 This subsection has been revised to allow use of a 

road-speed modulated fan in place of a fixed speed fan on the US06 cycle.

Subsection 100.5.5.2 This subsection has been revised to define the “Hot 

1435 Unified Cycle” test. Subsection 100.5.5.2.2.2 has been revised to 
D-106

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

specify that the engine compartment shall remain closed if a road-speed 

modulated fan is used.

Subsection 100.5.5.3.2.2.2 This subsection has been revised to specify that 

the engine compartment shall remain closed if a road-speed modulated fan is 

used.

Part II. Subpart G

This section has been added to specify the speed vs. time sequence for the 

Hot 1435 Unified Cycle Driving Schedule.

Summary of 15-Day Changes to “California Evaporative Emission 

Standards and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor 

Vehicles”

Presented at the January 26, 2012, Board Hearing

Part I. Subpart E

Subsection 1.(e)(i)(B) This subsection has been modified to revise the 

provisions for trading evaporative emission fleet-average credits among 

certain vehicle categories.

Subsection 1.(e)(ii) This subsection has been modified to allow 

manufacturers to use projected sales data rather than actual sales data to 

determine the minimum number of vehicles they must produce in the 2015-

2017 model years that meet the proposed evaporative emission standards. 

This subsection has also been modified to base compliance for this 

requirement upon the average number of vehicles produced over the 2015-

2017 time period in lieu of a year-by-year requirement.

Subsection 1.(e)(iv) This subsection has been modified to add a provision 

for the pooling compliance option concerning states that adopt California’s 

evaporative emission standards pursuant to section 177 of the federal Clean 

Air Act (42 U.S.C. § 7507).

Subsections 1.(e)(v) This subsection has been revised to allow optional 

early compliance in the 2014 model year with the proposed evaporative 

emission standards.

Part III. Subpart D
D-107

Date of Release: January 26, 2012; Proposed 15-day Changes

Date of Hearing: January 26, 2012

Subsections 1.1, 10.1, 10.15, and 11 These subsections have been 

revised to provide equations and instructions for evaporative testing with the 

proposed certification test fuel containing ten percent ethanol.

Subsection 11.3.1 This subsection has been revised to add an optional 

hydrocarbon mass adjustment factor for ethanol in lieu of directly measuring 

ethanol emissions.

Subsection 12 This subsection has been modified to allow air to be mixed 

with fuel vapor for canister stabilization in the bleed emission test procedure 

and to specifically set forth a requirement to use the proposed ethanolcontaining certification fuel for this test.

Part III. Subpart F

Subsection 2 This subsection has been revised to require the use of the 

new certification fuel containing ten percent ethanol for vehicles that comply 

with the proposed evaporative emission standards in the 2014 model year

and to clarify the proposed evaporative emission test fuel requirement and 

implementation date for gasoline-fueled vehicles.

Subsection 3 This subsection has been revised to clarify the evaporative 

emission test fuel requirement for alternative-fueled vehicles.

Summary of 15-Day Changes to “California Refueling Emission Standards 

and Test Procedures for 2001 and Subsequent Model Motor Vehicles”

Presented at the January 26, 2012 Board Hearing

Subpart S, Subsections I.A.1, I.F.2, and I.F.2.3 It has been suggested that 

all incomplete vehicles, rather than just a subset of incomplete vehicles, be 

exempted from the refueling requirements given the added complexity that 

testing refueling on incomplete vehicles entails. Staff agrees and proposes 

these modifications to reflect this change. 

Summary of 15-Day Changes to “California Test Procedures for Evaluating

Substitute Fuels and New Clean Fuels in 2015 and Subsequent Years”

Presented at the January 26, 2012 Board Hearing

Subsection XI.E This subsection has been revised to align the durability 

demonstration requirements with those required under the LEV III regulations.