EX-4.3





 Exhibit 4.3 
  

 
 LIGAND PHARMACEUTICALS
INCORPORATED 
  
  

INDENTURE 
 Dated as of
                    , 20         

 
  

[                ] 

Trustee 
  

 
  












 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

							
	 	  	 	  	Page	 
		
	 ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
	  	 	1	 
	         Section 1.1.
	  	Definitions.	  	 	1	 
	         Section 1.2.
	  	Other Definitions.	  	 	4	 
	         Section 1.3.
	  	Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act.	  	 	4	 
	         Section 1.4.
	  	Rules of Construction.	  	 	5	 
		
	 ARTICLE II. THE SECURITIES
	  	 	5	 
	         Section 2.1.
	  	Issuable in Series.	  	 	5	 
	         Section 2.2.
	  	Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities.	  	 	6	 
	         Section 2.3.
	  	Execution and Authentication.	  	 	8	 
	         Section 2.4.
	  	Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice Agent.	  	 	9	 
	         Section 2.5.
	  	Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust.	  	 	10	 
	         Section 2.6.
	  	Holder Lists.	  	 	10	 
	         Section 2.7.
	  	Transfer and Exchange.	  	 	10	 
	         Section 2.8.
	  	Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.	  	 	11	 
	         Section 2.9.
	  	Outstanding Securities.	  	 	12	 
	         Section 2.10.
	  	Treasury Securities.	  	 	12	 
	         Section 2.11.
	  	Temporary Securities.	  	 	12	 
	         Section 2.12.
	  	Cancellation.	  	 	13	 
	         Section 2.13.
	  	Defaulted Interest.	  	 	13	 
	         Section 2.14.
	  	Global Securities.	  	 	13	 
	         Section 2.15.
	  	CUSIP Numbers.	  	 	15	 
		
	 ARTICLE III. REDEMPTION
	  	 	15	 
	         Section 3.1.
	  	Notice to Trustee.	  	 	15	 
	         Section 3.2.
	  	Selection of Securities to be Redeemed.	  	 	16	 
	         Section 3.3.
	  	Notice of Redemption.	  	 	16	 
	         Section 3.4.
	  	Effect of Notice of Redemption.	  	 	17	 
	         Section 3.5.
	  	Deposit of Redemption Price.	  	 	17	 
	         Section 3.6.
	  	Securities Redeemed in Part.	  	 	17	 
		
	 ARTICLE IV. COVENANTS
	  	 	17	 
	         Section 4.1.
	  	Payment of Principal and Interest.	  	 	17	 
	         Section 4.2.
	  	SEC Reports.	  	 	18	 
	         Section 4.3.
	  	Compliance Certificate.	  	 	18	 
	         Section 4.4.
	  	Stay, Extension and Usury Laws.	  	 	18	 
		
	 ARTICLE V. SUCCESSORS
	  	 	19	 
	         Section 5.1.
	  	When Company May Merge, Etc.	  	 	19	 
	         Section 5.2.
	  	Successor Corporation Substituted.	  	 	19	 
		
	 ARTICLE VI. DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES
	  	 	19	 
	         Section 6.1.
	  	Events of Default.	  	 	19	 


  
 i 














							
	 	  	 	  	Page	 
	         Section 6.2.
	  	 Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment.
	  	 	21	 
	         Section 6.3.
	  	 Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee.
	  	 	21	 
	         Section 6.4.
	  	 Trustee May File Proofs of Claim.
	  	 	22	 
	         Section 6.5.
	  	 Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of Securities.
	  	 	23	 
	         Section 6.6.
	  	 Application of Money Collected.
	  	 	23	 
	         Section 6.7.
	  	 Limitation on Suits.
	  	 	23	 
	         Section 6.8.
	  	 Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and Interest.
	  	 	24	 
	         Section 6.9.
	  	 Restoration of Rights and Remedies.
	  	 	24	 
	         Section 6.10.
	  	 Rights and Remedies Cumulative.
	  	 	24	 
	         Section 6.11.
	  	 Delay or Omission Not Waiver.
	  	 	25	 
	         Section 6.12.
	  	 Control by Holders.
	  	 	25	 
	         Section 6.13.
	  	 Waiver of Past Defaults.
	  	 	25	 
	         Section 6.14.
	  	 Undertaking for Costs.
	  	 	26	 
		
	 ARTICLE VII. TRUSTEE
	  	 	26	 
	         Section 7.1.
	  	 Duties of Trustee.
	  	 	26	 
	         Section 7.2.
	  	 Rights of Trustee.
	  	 	27	 
	         Section 7.3.
	  	 Individual Rights of Trustee.
	  	 	28	 
	         Section 7.4.
	  	 Trustee’s Disclaimer.
	  	 	29	 
	         Section 7.5.
	  	 Notice of Defaults.
	  	 	29	 
	         Section 7.6.
	  	 Reports by Trustee to Holders.
	  	 	29	 
	         Section 7.7.
	  	 Compensation and Indemnity.
	  	 	29	 
	         Section 7.8.
	  	 Replacement of Trustee.
	  	 	30	 
	         Section 7.9.
	  	 Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.
	  	 	31	 
	         Section 7.10.
	  	 Eligibility; Disqualification.
	  	 	31	 
	         Section 7.11.
	  	 Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company.
	  	 	31	 
		
	 ARTICLE VIII. SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE
	  	 	32	 
	         Section 8.1.
	  	 Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture.
	  	 	32	 
	         Section 8.2.
	  	 Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification.
	  	 	33	 
	         Section 8.3.
	  	 Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series.
	  	 	33	 
	         Section 8.4.
	  	 Covenant Defeasance.
	  	 	35	 
	         Section 8.5.
	  	 Repayment to Company.
	  	 	36	 
	         Section 8.6.
	  	 Reinstatement.
	  	 	36	 
		
	 ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
	  	 	36	 
	         Section 9.1.
	  	 Without Consent of Holders.
	  	 	36	 
	         Section 9.2.
	  	 With Consent of Holders.
	  	 	37	 
	         Section 9.3.
	  	 Limitations.
	  	 	38	 
	         Section 9.4.
	  	 Compliance with Trust Indenture Act.
	  	 	38	 
	         Section 9.5.
	  	 Revocation and Effect of Consents.
	  	 	38	 
	         Section 9.6.
	  	 Notation on or Exchange of Securities.
	  	 	39	 
	         Section 9.7.
	  	 Trustee Protected.
	  	 	39	 
		
	 ARTICLE X. MISCELLANEOUS
	  	 	39	 
	         Section 10.1.
	  	 Trust Indenture Act Controls.
	  	 	39	 
	         Section 10.2.
	  	 Notices.
	  	 	39	 


  
 ii 














							
	 	  	 	  	Page	 
	         Section 10.3.
	  	 Communication by Holders with Other Holders.
	  	 	41	 
	         Section 10.4.
	  	 Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.
	  	 	41	 
	         Section 10.5.
	  	 Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion.
	  	 	41	 
	         Section 10.6.
	  	 Rules by Trustee and Agents.
	  	 	42	 
	         Section 10.7.
	  	 Legal Holidays.
	  	 	42	 
	         Section 10.8.
	  	 No Recourse Against Others.
	  	 	42	 
	         Section 10.9.
	  	 Counterparts.
	  	 	42	 
	         Section 10.10.
	  	 Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to Jurisdiction.
	  	 	43	 
	         Section 10.11.
	  	 No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements.
	  	 	43	 
	         Section 10.12.
	  	 Successors.
	  	 	43	 
	         Section 10.13.
	  	 Severability.
	  	 	43	 
	         Section 10.14.
	  	 Table of Contents, Headings, Etc.
	  	 	43	 
	         Section 10.15.
	  	 Securities in a Foreign Currency.
	  	 	44	 
	         Section 10.16.
	  	 Judgment Currency.
	  	 	44	 
	         Section 10.17.
	  	 Force Majeure.
	  	 	45	 
	         Section 10.18.
	  	 U.S.A. Patriot Act.
	  	 	45	 
		
	 ARTICLE XI. SINKING FUNDS
	  	 	45	 
	         Section 11.1.
	  	 Applicability of Article.
	  	 	45	 
	         Section 11.2.
	  	 Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities.
	  	 	45	 
	         Section 11.3.
	  	 Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund.
	  	 	46	 


  
 iii 













 LIGAND PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED 

Reconciliation and tie between Trust Indenture Act of 1939 and 

Indenture, dated as of                 ,
20         
  

					
	 § 310(a)(1)
	 		  	7.10
	 (a)(2)
	 		  	7.10
	 (a)(3)
	 		  	Not Applicable
	 (a)(4)
	 		  	Not Applicable
	 (a)(5)
	 		  	7.10
	 (b)
	 		  	7.10
	 § 311(a)
	 		  	7.11
	 (b)
	 		  	7.11
	 (c)
	 		  	Not Applicable
	 § 312(a)
	 		  	2.6
	 (b)
	 		  	10.3
	 (c)
	 		  	10.3
	 § 313(a)
	 		  	7.6
	 (b)(1)
	 		  	7.6
	 (b)(2)
	 		  	7.6
	 (c)(1)
	 		  	7.6
	 (d)
	 		  	7.6
	 § 314(a)
	 		  	4.2, 10.5
	 (b)
	 		  	Not Applicable
	 (c)(1)
	 		  	10.4
	 (c)(2)
	 		  	10.4
	 (c)(3)
	 		  	Not Applicable
	 (d)
	 		  	Not Applicable
	 (e)
	 		  	10.5
	 (f)
	 		  	Not Applicable
	 § 315(a)
	 		  	7.1
	 (b)
	 		  	7.5
	 (c)
	 		  	7.1
	 (d)
	 		  	7.1
	 (e)
	 		  	6.14
	 § 316(a)
	 		  	2.10
	 (a)(1)(A)
	 		  	6.12
	 (a)(1)(B)
	 		  	6.13
	 (b)
	 		  	6.8
	 § 317(a)(1)
	 		  	6.3
	 (a)(2)
	 		  	6.4
	 (b)
	 		  	2.5
	 § 318(a)
	 		  	10.1

  
 Note: This
reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be deemed to be part of the Indenture. 

  
 iv 













 Indenture dated as of
                , 20         between Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware
(“Company”), and [                ] (“Trustee”). 

Each party agrees as follows for the benefit of the other party and for the equal and ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities issued
under this Indenture. 
 ARTICLE I. 

DEFINITIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE 

Section 1.1.     Definitions. 

“Additional Amounts” means any additional amounts which are required hereby or by any Security, under circumstances specified
herein or therein, to be paid by the Company in respect of certain taxes imposed on Holders specified herein or therein and which are owing to such Holders. 

“Affiliate” of any specified person means any other person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under
common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including, with correlative meanings, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any
person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such person, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by agreement or otherwise. 

“Agent” means any Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent. 

“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee thereof. 

“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have
been adopted by the Board of Directors or pursuant to authorization by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of the certificate and delivered to the Trustee. 

“Business Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in the City of New York, New York (or in connection
with any payment, the place of payment) on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. 

“Capital Stock” means any and all shares, interests, participations, rights or other equivalents (however designated) of
corporate stock. 
 “Company” means the party named as such above until a successor replaces it and thereafter means the
successor. 
 “Company Order” means a written order signed in the name of the Company by an Officer and delivered to the
Trustee. 












 “Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which at any
particular time its corporate trust business related to this Indenture shall be principally administered. 
 “Default”
means any event which is, or after notice, passage of time or both would be, an Event of Default. 
 “Depositary” means,
with respect to the Securities of any Series issuable or issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities, the person designated as Depositary for such Series by the Company, which Depositary shall be a clearing agency
registered under the Exchange Act; and if at any time there is more than one such person, “Depositary” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Depositary with respect to the Securities of such Series. 

“Discount Security” means any Security that provides for an amount less than the stated principal amount thereof to be due
and payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2. 
 “Dollars” and
“$” means the currency of the United States of America. 
 “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended. 
 “Foreign Currency” means any currency or currency unit issued by a government other than the
government of the United States of America. 
 “Foreign Government Obligations” means, with respect to Securities of any
Series that are denominated in a Foreign Currency, direct obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the government that issued or caused to be issued such currency for the payment of which obligations its full faith and credit is pledged and
which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof. 
 “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting
principles in the United States of America set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting
Standards Board or in such other statements by such other entity as have been approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession, which are in effect as of the date of determination. 

“Global Security” or “Global Securities” means a Security or Securities, as the case may be, in the form
established pursuant to Section 2.2 evidencing all or part of a Series of Securities, issued to the Depositary for such Series or its nominee, and registered in the name of such Depositary or nominee. 

“Holder” means a person in whose name a Security is registered on the Registrar’s books. 

“Indenture” means this Indenture as amended or supplemented from time to time and shall include the form and terms of
particular Series of Securities established as contemplated hereunder. 

  
 2 













 “interest” with respect to any Discount Security which by its terms bears
interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity. 
 “Maturity” when used with respect to any Security,
means the date on which the principal of such Security becomes due and payable as therein or herein provided, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, call for redemption or otherwise. 

“Officer” means the Chief Executive Officer, President, the Chief Financial Officer, the Treasurer or any Assistant
Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary and any Vice President of the Company. 
 “Officer’s Certificate”
means a certificate signed by any Officer. 
 “Opinion of Counsel” means a written opinion of legal counsel who is
acceptable to the Trustee. The counsel may be an employee of or counsel to the Company. The opinion may contain customary limitations, conditions and exceptions. 

“person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, limited liability company, joint-stock
company, trust, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof. 
 “principal” of
a Security means the principal of the Security plus, when appropriate, the premium, if any, on, and any Additional Amounts in respect of, the Security. 

“Responsible Officer” means any officer of the Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office having responsibility for administration
of this Indenture and also means, with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with a particular subject. 

“SEC” means the Securities and Exchange Commission. 

“Security” or “Securities” means the debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company of any
Series authenticated and delivered under this Indenture. 
 “Series” or “Series of Securities” means each
series of debentures, notes or other debt instruments of the Company created pursuant to Sections 2.1 and 2.2 hereof. 
 “Stated
Maturity” when used with respect to any Security, means the date specified in such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or interest is due and payable. 

“Subsidiary” of any specified person means any corporation, association or other business entity of which more than 50% of
the total voting power of shares of Capital Stock entitled (without regard to the occurrence of any contingency) to vote in the election of directors, managers or trustees thereof is at the time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such
person or one or more of the other Subsidiaries of that person or a combination thereof. 

  
 3 













 “TIA” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (15 U.S. Code §§
77aaa-77bbbb) as in effect on the date of this Indenture; provided, however, that in the event the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 is amended after such date, “TIA” means, to the extent required by any such amendment, the Trust
Indenture Act as so amended. 
 “Trustee” means the person named as the “Trustee” in the first paragraph of this
instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter “Trustee” shall mean or include each person who is then a Trustee hereunder, and if at any time there is
more than one such person, “Trustee” as used with respect to the Securities of any Series shall mean the Trustee with respect to Securities of that Series. 

“U.S. Government Obligations” means securities which are direct obligations of, or guaranteed by, the United States of
America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged and which are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with
respect to any such U.S. Government Obligation or a specific payment of interest on or principal of any such U.S. Government Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of a depositary receipt, provided that (except as
required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the U.S. Government Obligation evidenced by such
depositary receipt. 
 Section 1.2.     Other Definitions. 

 

					
	TERM	  	DEFINED IN SECTION	 
	 “Agent Member”
	  	 	2.14.6	 
	 “Bankruptcy Law”
	  	 	6.1	 
	 “Custodian”
	  	 	6.1	 
	 “Event of Default”
	  	 	6.1	 
	 “Judgment Currency”
	  	 	10.16	 
	 “mandatory sinking fund payment”
	  	 	11.1	 
	 “New York Banking Day”
	  	 	10.16	 
	 “Notice Agent”
	  	 	2.4	 
	 “optional sinking fund payment”
	  	 	11.1	 
	 “Paying Agent”
	  	 	2.4	 
	 “Registrar”
	  	 	2.4	 
	 “Required Currency”
	  	 	10.16	 
	 “Specified Courts”
	  	 	10.10	 
	 “successor person”
	  	 	5.1	 

 Section 1.3.     Incorporation by Reference of
Trust Indenture Act. 
 Whenever this Indenture refers to a provision of the TIA, the provision is incorporated by reference in and made
a part of this Indenture. The following TIA terms used in this Indenture have the following meanings: 

  
 4 













 “Commission” means the SEC. 

“indenture securities” means the Securities. 

“indenture security holder” means a Holder. 

“indenture to be qualified” means this Indenture. 

“indenture trustee” or “institutional trustee” means the Trustee. 

“obligor” on the indenture securities means the Company and any successor obligor upon the Securities. 

All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined by the TIA, defined by TIA reference to another statute or defined by SEC rule under
the TIA and not otherwise defined herein are used herein as so defined. 

Section 1.4.     Rules of Construction. 

Unless the context otherwise requires: 

(a)        a term has the meaning assigned to it; 

(b)        an accounting term not otherwise defined has the meaning assigned to it in
accordance with GAAP; 
 (c)        “or” is not exclusive; 

(d)        words in the singular include the plural, and in the plural include the
singular; 
 (e)        provisions apply to successive events and transactions; 

(f)        in the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later
specified date, the word “from” means “from and including,” and the words “to” and “until” each mean “to but excluding”; and 

(g)    the phrase “in writing” as used herein shall be deemed to include PDFs, e-mails and other electronic means of transmission, unless otherwise indicated. 
 
ARTICLE II. 
 THE SECURITIES 

Section 2.1.     Issuable in Series. 

The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be
issued in one or more Series. All Securities of a Series shall be identical except as may be set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture or an Officer’s Certificate detailing the


  
 5 













 
adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution. In the case of Securities of a Series to be issued from time to time, the Board Resolution, Officer’s
Certificate or supplemental indenture detailing the adoption of the terms thereof pursuant to authority granted under a Board Resolution may provide for the method by which specified terms (such as interest rate, maturity date, record date or date
from which interest shall accrue) are to be determined. Securities may differ between Series in respect of any matters, provided that all Series of Securities shall be equally and ratably entitled to the benefits of the Indenture. 

Section 2.2.     Establishment of Terms of Series of Securities. 

At or prior to the issuance of any Securities within a Series, the following shall be established (as to the Series generally, in the case of
Subsection 2.2.1 and either as to such Securities within the Series or as to the Series generally in the case of Subsections 2.2.2 through 2.2.23) by or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth or determined in the manner provided in a Board
Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate: 
 2.2.1.        the title
(which shall distinguish the Securities of that particular Series from the Securities of any other Series) and ranking (including the terms of any subordination provisions) of the Series; 

2.2.2.        the price or prices (expressed as a percentage of the principal amount thereof) at which
the Securities of the Series will be issued; 
 2.2.3.        any limit upon the aggregate principal
amount of the Securities of the Series which may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of the
Series pursuant to Section 2.7, 2.8, 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6); 
 2.2.4.        the date or dates on
which the principal of the Securities of the Series is payable; 
 2.2.5.        the rate or rates
(which may be fixed or variable) per annum or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates (including, but not limited to, any commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index) at which the Securities of the
Series shall bear interest, if any, the date or dates from which such interest, if any, shall accrue, the date or dates on which such interest, if any, shall commence and be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable on any
interest payment date; 
 2.2.6.        the place or places where the principal of and interest, if
any, on the Securities of the Series shall be payable, where the Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series
and this Indenture may be delivered, and the method of such payment, if by wire transfer, mail or other means; 

2.2.7.        if applicable, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the
terms and conditions upon which the Securities of the Series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company; 

  
 6 













 2.2.8.        the obligation, if any, of the Company
to redeem or purchase the Securities of the Series pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provisions or at the option of a Holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which
Securities of the Series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation; 

2.2.9.        the dates, if any, on which and the price or prices at which the Securities of the
Series will be repurchased by the Company at the option of the Holders thereof and other detailed terms and provisions of such repurchase obligations; 

2.2.10.        if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof, the
denominations in which the Securities of the Series shall be issuable; 
 2.2.11.        the forms
of the Securities of the Series and whether the Securities will be issuable as Global Securities; 

2.2.12.        if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of the
Securities of the Series that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2; 

2.2.13.        the currency of denomination of the Securities of the Series, which may be Dollars or
any Foreign Currency, and if such currency of denomination is a composite currency, the agency or organization, if any, responsible for overseeing such composite currency; 

2.2.14.        the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of the
principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series will be made; 

2.2.15.        if payments of principal of or interest, if any, on the Securities of the Series are to
be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than that or those in which such Securities are denominated, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined; 

2.2.16.        the manner in which the amounts of payment of principal of or interest, if any, on the
Securities of the Series will be determined, if such amounts may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index or financial index; 

2.2.17.        the provisions, if any, relating to any security provided for the Securities of the
Series; 
 2.2.18.        any addition to, deletion of or change in the Events of Default which
applies to any Securities of the Series and any change in the right of the Trustee or the requisite Holders of such Securities to declare the principal amount thereof due and payable pursuant to Section 6.2; 

2.2.19.        any addition to, deletion of or change in the covenants applicable to Securities of the
Series; 

  
 7 













 2.2.20.        any Depositaries, interest rate
calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents or other agents with respect to Securities of such Series if other than those appointed herein; 

2.2.21.        the provisions, if any, relating to conversion or exchange of any Securities of such
Series, including if applicable, the conversion or exchange price, the conversion or exchange period, provisions as to whether conversion or exchange will be mandatory, at the option of the Holders thereof or at the option of the Company, the events
requiring an adjustment of the conversion price or exchange price and provisions affecting conversion or exchange if such Series of Securities are redeemed; 

2.2.22.        any other terms of the Series (which may supplement, modify or delete any provision of
this Indenture insofar as it applies to such Series), including any terms that may be required under applicable law or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that Series; and 

2.2.23.        whether any of the Company’s direct or indirect Subsidiaries will guarantee the
Securities of that Series, including the terms of subordination, if any, of such guarantees. 
 All Securities of any one Series need not be
issued at the same time and may be issued from time to time, consistent with the terms of this Indenture, if so provided by or pursuant to the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate referred to above. 

Section 2.3.     Execution and Authentication. 

An Officer shall sign the Securities for the Company by manual, facsimile or electronic signature. 

If an Officer whose signature is on a Security no longer holds that office at the time the Security is authenticated, the Security shall
nevertheless be valid. 
 A Security shall not be valid until authenticated by the manual signature of the Trustee or an authenticating
agent. The signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security has been authenticated under this Indenture. 
 The Trustee shall at any
time, and from time to time, authenticate Securities for original issue in the principal amount provided in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate, upon receipt by the Trustee of a Company Order. Each
Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. 
 The aggregate principal amount of Securities of any Series outstanding at any
time may not exceed any limit upon the maximum principal amount for such Series set forth in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2, except as provided in
Section 2.8. 
 Prior to the issuance of Securities of any Series, the Trustee shall have received and (subject to Section 7.2)
shall be fully protected in relying on: (a) the Board Resolution, 

  
 8 













 
supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate establishing the form of the Securities of that Series or of Securities within that Series and the terms of the Securities of that
Series or of Securities within that Series, (b) an Officer’s Certificate complying with Sections 10.4 and 10.5, and (c) an Opinion of Counsel complying with Sections 10.4 and 10.5. 

The Trustee shall have the right to decline to authenticate and deliver any Securities of such Series: (a) if the Trustee, being advised
by counsel, determines that such action may not be taken lawfully; or (b) if the Trustee in good faith determines that such action may expose the Trustee to personal liability. 

The Trustee may appoint an authenticating agent acceptable to the Company to authenticate Securities. An authenticating agent may authenticate
Securities whenever the Trustee may do so. Each reference in this Indenture to authentication by the Trustee includes authentication by such agent. An authenticating agent has the same rights as an Agent to deal with the Company or an Affiliate of
the Company. 
 Section 2.4.     Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice
Agent. 
 The Company shall maintain, with respect to each Series of Securities, at the place or places specified with respect to such
Series pursuant to Section 2.2, an office or agency where Securities of such Series may be presented or surrendered for payment (“Paying Agent”), where Securities of such Series may be surrendered for registration of transfer
or exchange (“Registrar”) and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of such Series and this Indenture may be delivered (“Notice Agent”). The Registrar shall keep a register
with respect to each Series of Securities and to their transfer and exchange. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of the name and address, and any change in the name or address, of each Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent.
If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the name and address thereof, such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands may be made or
served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands; provided, however, that any appointment of the Trustee as
the Notice Agent shall exclude the appointment of the Trustee or any office of the Trustee as an agent to receive the service of legal process on the Company. 

The Company may also from time to time designate one or more co-registrars, additional paying agents
or additional notice agents and may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner relieve the Company of its obligations to maintain a Registrar, Paying Agent
and Notice Agent in each place so specified pursuant to Section 2.2 for Securities of any Series for such purposes. The Company will give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change in the name
or address of any such co-registrar, additional paying agent or additional notice agent. The term “Registrar” includes any co-registrar; the term
“Paying Agent” includes any additional paying agent; and the term “Notice Agent” includes any additional notice agent. The Company or any of its Affiliates may serve as Registrar or Paying Agent. 

The Company hereby appoints the Trustee the initial Registrar, Paying Agent and Notice 

  
 9 













 
Agent for each Series unless another Registrar, Paying Agent or Notice Agent, as the case may be, is appointed prior to the time Securities of that Series are first issued. The rights, powers,
duties, obligations and actions of each Agent under this Indenture are several and not joint or joint and several, and the Agents shall only be obliged to perform those duties expressly set out in this Indenture and shall have no implied duties.

 Section 2.5.     Paying Agent to Hold Money in Trust. 

The Company shall require each Paying Agent other than the Trustee to agree in writing that the Paying Agent will hold in trust, for the
benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities or the Trustee, all money held by the Paying Agent for the payment of principal of or interest on the Series of Securities and will notify the Trustee in writing of any default by the Company in making
any such payment. While any such default continues, the Trustee may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. The Company at any time may require a Paying Agent to pay all money held by it to the Trustee. Upon payment over
to the Trustee, the Paying Agent (if other than the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company) shall have no further liability for the money. If the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company acts as Paying Agent, it shall segregate and hold in a separate
trust fund for the benefit of Holders of any Series of Securities all money held by it as Paying Agent. Upon any bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to the Company, the Trustee shall serve as Paying Agent for the
Securities. For the avoidance of doubt, a Paying Agent and the Trustee shall be held harmless and have no liability with respect to payments or disbursements (including to the Holders) until they have confirmed receipt of funds sufficient to make
the relevant payment. No money held by an Agent needs to be segregated except as is required by law. 

Section 2.6.     Holder Lists. 

If it is serving as Registrar, the Trustee shall preserve in as current a form as is reasonably practicable the most recent list available to
it of the names and addresses of Holders of each Series of Securities and shall otherwise comply with TIA § 312(a). If the Trustee is not the Registrar, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee at least ten days before each interest payment
date and at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing a list, in such form and as of such date as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders of each Series of Securities. 

Every Holder, by receiving and holding Securities, agrees with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company nor the Trustee or any
agent of either of them shall be held accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders in accordance with TIA § 312, regardless of the source from which such information was
derived, and that the Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under TIA § 312(b). 

Section 2.7.     Transfer and Exchange. 

Where Securities of a Series are presented to the Registrar or a co-registrar with a request to
register a transfer or to exchange them for an equal principal amount of Securities of the same Series, the Registrar shall register the transfer or make the exchange if its requirements for 

  
 10 













 
such transactions are met. To permit registrations of transfers and exchanges, the Trustee shall authenticate Securities at the Registrar’s request. No service charge shall be made for any
registration of transfer or exchange (except as otherwise expressly permitted herein), but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable in connection therewith (other than any
such transfer tax or similar governmental charge payable upon exchanges pursuant to Sections 2.11, 3.6 or 9.6). 
 Neither the Company nor
the Registrar shall be required (a) to issue, register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series for the period beginning at the opening of business 15 days immediately preceding the sending of a notice of redemption of Securities of
that Series selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day such notice is sent, (b) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series selected, called or being called for redemption as a whole or the
portion being redeemed of any such Securities selected, called or being called for redemption in part or (c) to register the transfer of or exchange Securities of any Series between a record date and payment date for such Series of Securities.

 Section 2.8.     Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities.

 If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in
exchange therefor a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 

If there shall be delivered to the Company and the Trustee (i) evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any
Security and (ii) such security or indemnity bond as may be required by each of them to hold itself and any of its agents harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or the Trustee that such Security has been acquired by a bona fide
purchaser, the Company shall execute and upon receipt of a Company Order the Trustee shall authenticate and make available for delivery, in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same Series and of like tenor and
principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding. 
 In case any such mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security
has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security. 

Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other
governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith. 

Every new Security of any Series issued pursuant to this Section in lieu of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute an
original additional contractual obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with
any and all other Securities of that Series duly issued hereunder. 

  
 11 













 The provisions of this Section are exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) all
other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities. 
 
Section 2.9.     Outstanding Securities. 
 The Securities outstanding at any time are all the
Securities authenticated by the Trustee except for those canceled by it, those delivered to it for cancellation, those reductions in the interest on a Global Security effected by the Trustee in accordance with the provisions hereof and those
described in this Section as not outstanding. 
 If a Security is replaced pursuant to Section 2.8, it ceases to be outstanding until
the Trustee receives proof satisfactory to it that the replaced Security is held by a bona fide purchaser. 
 If the Paying Agent (other
than the Company, a Subsidiary of the Company or an Affiliate of the Company) holds on the Maturity of Securities of a Series money sufficient to pay such Securities payable on that date, then on and after that date such Securities of the Series
cease to be outstanding and interest on them ceases to accrue. 
 The Company may purchase or otherwise acquire the Securities, whether by
open market purchases, negotiated transactions or otherwise. A Security does not cease to be outstanding because the Company or an Affiliate of the Company holds the Security (but see Section 2.10 below). 

In determining whether the Holders of the requisite principal amount of outstanding Securities have given any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent or waiver hereunder, the principal amount of a Discount Security that shall be deemed to be outstanding for such purposes shall be the amount of the principal thereof that would be due and payable as of the date of such
determination upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.2. 

Section 2.10.     Treasury Securities. 

In determining whether the Holders of the required principal amount of Securities of a Series have concurred in any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver, Securities of a Series owned by the Company or any Affiliate of the Company shall be disregarded, except that for the purposes of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on
any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver only Securities of a Series that a Responsible Officer of the Trustee knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. 

Section 2.11.     Temporary Securities. 

Until definitive Securities are ready for delivery, the Company may prepare and the Trustee shall authenticate temporary Securities upon a
Company Order. Temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of definitive Securities but may have variations that the Company considers appropriate for temporary Securities. Without unreasonable delay, the Company shall


  
 12 













 
prepare and the Trustee upon receipt of a Company Order shall authenticate definitive Securities of the same Series and date of maturity in exchange for temporary Securities. Until so exchanged,
temporary securities shall have the same rights under this Indenture as the definitive Securities. 

Section 2.12.     Cancellation. 

The Company at any time may deliver Securities to the Trustee for cancellation. The Registrar and the Paying Agent shall forward to the
Trustee any Securities surrendered to them for registration of transfer, exchange or payment. The Trustee shall cancel all Securities surrendered for transfer, exchange, payment, replacement or cancellation and shall destroy such canceled Securities
(subject to the record retention requirements of the Exchange Act and the Trustee) and deliver a certificate of such cancellation to the Company upon written request of the Company. The Company may not issue new Securities to replace Securities that
it has paid or delivered to the Trustee for cancellation. 

Section 2.13.     Defaulted Interest. 

If the Company defaults in a payment of interest on a Series of Securities, it shall pay the defaulted interest, plus, to the extent permitted
by law, any interest payable on the defaulted interest, to the persons who are Holders of the Series on a subsequent special record date. The Company shall fix the record date and payment date. At least ten days before the special record date, the
Company shall send to the Trustee and to each Holder of the Series a notice that states the special record date, the payment date and the amount of interest to be paid. The Company may pay defaulted interest in any other lawful manner. 

Section 2.14.     Global Securities. 

2.14.1.        Terms of Securities. A Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an
Officer’s Certificate shall establish whether the Securities of a Series shall be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more Global Securities and the Depositary for such Global Security or Securities. 

2.14.2.        Transfer and Exchange. Notwithstanding any provisions to the contrary contained
in Section 2.7 of the Indenture and in addition thereto, any Global Security shall be exchangeable pursuant to Section 2.7 of the Indenture for Securities registered in the names of Holders other than the Depositary for such Security or
its nominee only if (i) such Depositary notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such Global Security or if at any time such Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act,
and, in either case, the Company fails to appoint a successor Depositary registered as a clearing agency under the Exchange Act within 90 days of such event or (ii) the Company executes and delivers to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate
to the effect that such Global Security shall be so exchangeable. Any Global Security that is exchangeable pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be exchangeable for Securities registered in such names as the Depositary shall direct in writing in
an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security with like tenor and terms. 
 Except as provided in this
Section 2.14.2, a Global Security may not be transferred except as a whole by the Depositary with respect to such Global Security to a nominee of such 

  
 13 













 
Depositary, by a nominee of such Depositary to such Depositary or another nominee of such Depositary or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such a
successor Depositary. 
 None of the Trustee or any Agent shall have any obligation or duty to monitor, determine or inquire as to
compliance with any restrictions on transfer imposed under this Indenture or under applicable law with respect to any transfer of any interest in any Security (including any transfers between or among Depositary participants, members or beneficial
owners in any Global Security) other than to require delivery of such certificates and other documentation or evidence as are expressly required by, and to do so if and when expressly required by the terms of, this Indenture, and to examine the same
to determine substantial compliance as to form with the express requirements hereof. 
 None of the Trustee or any Agent shall have any
responsibility or obligation to any beneficial owner of a Global Security, a member of, or a participant in the Depositary or other Person with respect to the accuracy of the records of the Depositary or its nominee or of any participant or member
thereof, with respect to any ownership interest in any Security or with respect to the delivery to any participant, member, beneficial owner or other Person (other than the Depositary) of any notice (including any notice of optional redemption) or
the payment of any amount, under or with respect to such Security. 
 2.14.3.        Legends.
Any Global Security issued hereunder shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 
 “THIS SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY
WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF THE DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY. THIS SECURITY IS EXCHANGEABLE FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY OR
ITS NOMINEE ONLY IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE, AND MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED EXCEPT AS A WHOLE BY THE DEPOSITARY TO A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY, BY A NOMINEE OF THE DEPOSITARY TO THE DEPOSITARY OR ANOTHER NOMINEE OF THE
DEPOSITARY OR BY THE DEPOSITARY OR ANY SUCH NOMINEE TO A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE OF SUCH A SUCCESSOR DEPOSITARY.” 
 In
addition, so long as the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) is the Depositary, each Global Security registered in the name of DTC or its nominee shall bear a legend in substantially the following form: 

“UNLESS THIS GLOBAL SECURITY IS PRESENTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY, A NEW YORK CORPORATION
(“DTC”), TO THE COMPANY OR ITS AGENT FOR REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER, EXCHANGE OR PAYMENT, AND ANY GLOBAL SECURITY ISSUED IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF CEDE & CO. OR IN SUCH OTHER NAME AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE
OF DTC (AND ANY PAYMENT IS MADE TO CEDE & CO. OR TO SUCH OTHER ENTITY AS IS REQUESTED BY AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF DTC), ANY TRANSFER, PLEDGE OR OTHER USE 

  
 14 













 
HEREOF FOR VALUE OR OTHERWISE BY OR TO ANY PERSON IS WRONGFUL INASMUCH AS THE REGISTERED OWNER HEREOF, CEDE & CO., HAS AN INTEREST HEREIN.” 

2.14.4.        Acts of Holders. The Depositary, as a Holder, may appoint agents and otherwise
authorize participants to give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action which a Holder is entitled to give or take under the Indenture. 

2.14.5.        Payments. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Indenture, unless
otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.2, payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on any Global Security shall be made to the Holder thereof. 

2.14.6.        Agent Members. The registered Holder of a Security will be treated as the owner
of such Security for all purposes and only registered Holders shall have rights under this Indenture and the Securities. Members of, or participants in, the Depositary (“Agent Members”) and persons who hold beneficial interests in a
Global Security through an Agent Member shall have no rights under this Indenture with respect to any Global Security held on their behalf by the Depositary. The Depositary may be treated by the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar
and any agent of the foregoing as the absolute owner of the Global Securities for all purposes whatsoever. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent the Company, the Trustee, the Paying Agent, the Registrar or any agent of the
foregoing from giving effect to any written certification, proxy or other authorization furnished by the Depositary or impair, as between the Depositary and its Agent Members, the operation of customary practices of such Depositary governing the
exercise of the rights of a Holder of a beneficial interest in any Global Security. 

Section 2.15.     CUSIP Numbers. 

The Company in issuing the Securities may use “CUSIP” numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use
“CUSIP” numbers in notices of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained
in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed only on the other elements of identification printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect in or omission of such numbers. 

ARTICLE III. 

REDEMPTION 
 
Section 3.1.     Notice to Trustee. 
 The Company may, with respect to any Series of Securities,
reserve the right to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or may covenant to redeem and pay the Series of Securities or any part thereof prior to the Stated Maturity thereof at such time and on such terms as provided for in such Securities. If a
Series of Securities is redeemable and the Company wants or is obligated to redeem prior to the Stated Maturity thereof all or part of the Series of Securities pursuant to the terms of such Securities, it shall notify the Trustee in writing of the
redemption 

  
 15 













 
date and the principal amount of the Series of Securities to be redeemed. The Company shall give the notice at least 15 days before the redemption date (or such shorter period as may be
acceptable to the Trustee). 
 Section 3.2.     Selection of Securities to
be Redeemed. 
 Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an
Officer’s Certificate, if less than all the Securities of a Series are to be redeemed, the Securities of the Series to be redeemed will be selected as follows: (a) if the Securities are in the form of Global Securities, in accordance with
the procedures of the Depositary, (b) if the Securities are listed on any national securities exchange, in compliance with the requirements of the principal national securities exchange, if any, on which the Securities are listed or (c) if
not otherwise provided for under clause (a) or (b) in the manner that the Trustee deems fair and appropriate, including by lot or other method, unless otherwise required by law or applicable stock exchange requirements, subject, in the case of
Global Securities, to the applicable rules and procedures of the Depositary. The Securities to be redeemed shall be selected from Securities of the Series outstanding not previously called for redemption. Portions of the principal of Securities of
the Series that have denominations larger than $1,000 may be selected for redemption. Securities of the Series and portions of them it selected for redemption shall be in amounts of $1,000 or whole multiples of $1,000 or, with respect to Securities
of any Series issuable in other denominations pursuant to Section 2.2.10, the minimum principal denomination for each Series and the authorized integral multiples thereof. Provisions of this Indenture that apply to Securities of a Series called
for redemption also apply to portions of Securities of that Series called for redemption. Neither the Trustee nor the Paying Agent shall be liable for any selection made by it in accordance with this paragraph (including the procedures of the
Depositary). 
 Section 3.3.     Notice of Redemption. 

Unless otherwise indicated for a particular Series by Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, at
least 15 days but not more than 60 days before a redemption date, the Company shall send or cause to be sent by first-class mail or electronically, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary, a notice of redemption to each Holder whose
Securities are to be redeemed. 
 The notice shall identify the Securities of the Series to be redeemed and shall state: 

(a)        the redemption date; 

(b)        the redemption price; 

(c)        the name and address of the Paying Agent; 

(d)        if any Securities are being redeemed in part, the portion of the principal
amount of such Securities to be redeemed and that, after the redemption date and upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the original Security shall be issued in the name
of the Holder thereof upon cancellation of the original Security; 

  
 16 













 (e)        that Securities of the
Series called for redemption must be surrendered to the Paying Agent to collect the redemption price; 

(f)        that interest on Securities of the Series called for redemption ceases to
accrue on and after the redemption date unless the Company defaults in the deposit of the redemption price; 

(g)        the “CUSIP” number, if any; and 

(h)        any other information as may be required by the terms of the particular
Series or the Securities of a Series being redeemed. 
 At the Company’s request, the Trustee shall give the notice of redemption in
the Company’s name and at its expense, provided, however, that the Company has delivered to the Trustee, at least 10 days (unless a shorter time shall be acceptable to the Trustee) prior to the notice date, an Officer’s Certificate
requesting that the Trustee give such notice and setting forth the information to be stated in such notice and the form of such notice. 
 
Section 3.4.     Effect of Notice of Redemption. 
 Once notice of redemption is sent as provided
in Section 3.3, Securities of a Series called for redemption become due and payable on the redemption date and at the redemption price. Except as otherwise provided in the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer’s Certificate
for a Series, a notice of redemption may not be conditional. Upon surrender to the Paying Agent, such Securities shall be paid at the redemption price plus accrued interest to the redemption date. 

Section 3.5.     Deposit of Redemption Price. 

On or before 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the redemption date, the Company shall deposit with the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay
the redemption price of and accrued interest, if any, on all Securities to be redeemed on that date. 

Section 3.6.     Securities Redeemed in Part. 

Upon surrender of a Security that is redeemed in part, the Trustee shall authenticate for the Holder a new Security of the same Series and the
same maturity equal in principal amount to the unredeemed portion of the Security surrendered. 
 ARTICLE IV.

 COVENANTS 
 
Section 4.1.     Payment of Principal and Interest. 
 The Company covenants and agrees for the
benefit of the Holders of each Series of Securities that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of that Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. On or before 11:00
a.m., New York City time, on the applicable payment date, the Company shall deposit with 

  
 17 













 
the Paying Agent money sufficient to pay the principal of and interest, if any, on the Securities of each Series in accordance with the terms of such Securities and this Indenture. 

Section 4.2.     SEC Reports. 

To the extent any Securities of a Series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee within 15 days after it files them with the
SEC copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the SEC may by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company is required to file with the SEC pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. The Company also shall comply with the other provisions of TIA § 314(a). Reports, information and documents filed with the SEC via the EDGAR system will be deemed to be delivered to the Trustee
as of the time of such filing via EDGAR for purposes of this Section 4.2. 
 Delivery of reports, information and documents to the
Trustee under this Section 4.2 is for informational purposes only and the Trustee’s receipt of the foregoing shall not constitute constructive or actual notice of any information contained therein or determinable from information contained
therein, including the Company’s compliance with any of the covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer’s Certificates). All such reports, information or documents referred to in this
Section 4.2 that the Company files with the SEC via the SEC’s EDGAR system shall be deemed to be filed with the Trustee and transmitted to Holders at the time such reports, information or documents are filed via the EDGAR system (or any
successor system). 
 Section 4.3.     Compliance Certificate. 

To the extent any Securities of a Series are outstanding, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each
fiscal year of the Company, an Officer’s Certificate stating that a review of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries during the preceding fiscal year has been made under the supervision of the signing Officer with a view to
determining whether the Company has kept, observed, performed and fulfilled its obligations under this Indenture, and further stating, as to such Officer signing such certificate, that to the best of his/her knowledge the Company has kept, observed,
performed and fulfilled each and every covenant contained in this Indenture and is not in default in the performance or observance of any of the terms, provisions and conditions hereof (or, if a Default or Event of Default shall have occurred,
describing all such Defaults or Events of Default of which the Officer may have knowledge). 

Section 4.4.     Stay, Extension and Usury Laws. 

The Company covenants (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) that it will not at any time insist upon, plead or in any manner whatsoever
claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay, extension or usury law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of this Indenture or the Securities; and the Company (to the
extent it may lawfully do so) hereby expressly waives all benefit or advantage of any such law and covenants that it will not, by resort to any such law, hinder, delay or impede the execution 

  
 18 













 
of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law has been enacted. 

ARTICLE V. 

SUCCESSORS 
 
Section 5.1.     When Company May Merge, Etc. 
 The Company shall not consolidate with or merge
with or into, or convey, transfer or lease all or substantially all of its properties and assets to, any person (a “successor person”) unless: 

(a)        the Company is the surviving entity or the successor person (if other than
the Company) is a corporation, partnership, trust or other entity organized and validly existing under the laws of any U.S. domestic jurisdiction and expressly assumes by supplemental indenture the Company’s obligations on the Securities and
under this Indenture; and 
 (b)        immediately after giving effect to the
transaction, no Default or Event of Default, shall have occurred and be continuing. 
 The Company shall deliver to the Trustee prior to the
consummation of the proposed transaction an Officer’s Certificate to the foregoing effect and an Opinion of Counsel stating that the proposed transaction and any supplemental indenture comply with this Indenture. 

Notwithstanding the above, any Subsidiary of the Company may consolidate with, merge into or transfer all or part of its properties to the
Company. Neither an Officer’s Certificate nor an Opinion of Counsel shall be required to be delivered in connection therewith. 
 
Section 5.2.     Successor Corporation Substituted. 
 Upon any consolidation or merger, or any
sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with Section 5.1, the successor corporation formed by such consolidation or into or with which the Company is merged or to which
such sale, lease, conveyance or other disposition is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with the same effect as if such successor person has been named as the
Company herein; provided, however, that the predecessor Company in the case of a sale, conveyance or other disposition (other than a lease) shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.

 ARTICLE VI. 

DEFAULTS AND REMEDIES 
 
Section 6.1.     Events of Default. 
 “Event of Default,” wherever used herein
with respect to Securities of any Series, means any one of the following events, unless in the establishing Board Resolution, supplemental 

  
 19 













 
indenture or Officer’s Certificate it is provided that such Series shall not have the benefit of said Event of Default: 

(a)        default in the payment of any interest on any Security of that Series when
it becomes due and payable, and continuance of such default for a period of 30 days (unless the entire amount of such payment is deposited by the Company with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent prior to 11:00 a.m., New York City time, on the 30th day of such period); 

(b)        default in the payment of principal of any Security of that Series at its
Maturity; 
 (c)        default in the performance or breach of any covenant or
warranty of the Company in this Indenture (other than defaults pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) above or pursuant to a covenant or warranty that has been included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of a Series of Securities other than
that Series), which default continues uncured for a period of 60 days after there has been given, by registered or certified mail, to the Company by the Trustee or to the Company and the Trustee by the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of
the outstanding Securities of that Series a written notice specifying such default or breach and requiring it to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder; 

(d)        the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law: 

(i)    commences a voluntary case, 

(ii)    consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, 

(iii)    consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property,

 (iv)    makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors, or 

(v)    generally is unable to pay its debts as the same become due; 

(e)        a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any
Bankruptcy Law that: 
 (i)    is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, 

(ii)    appoints a Custodian of the Company or for all or substantially all of its property, or 

(iii)    orders the liquidation of the Company, 

and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 60 days; or 

  
 20 













 (f)        any other Event of
Default provided with respect to Securities of that Series, which is specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate, in accordance with Section 2.2.18. 

The term “Bankruptcy Law” means title 11, U.S. Code or any similar Federal or State law for the relief of debtors. The term
“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law. 
 The Company
will provide the Trustee written notice of any Default or Event of Default within 30 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of such Default or Event of Default, which notice will describe in reasonable detail the status of such Default or Event of
Default and what action the Company is taking or proposes to take in respect thereof. 

Section 6.2.     Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment. 

If an Event of Default with respect to Securities of any Series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing (other than an Event of
Default referred to in Section 6.1(d) or (e)) then in every such case the Trustee or the Holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series may declare the principal amount (or, if any Securities of
that Series are Discount Securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms of such Securities) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all of the Securities of that Series to be due and payable immediately, by
a notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by Holders), and upon any such declaration such principal amount (or specified amount) and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, shall become immediately due and payable. If an Event of
Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) shall occur, the principal amount (or specified amount) of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all outstanding Securities shall ipso facto become and be immediately due and payable
without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or any Holder. 
 At any time after such a declaration of acceleration with
respect to any Series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the Trustee as hereinafter in this Article provided, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of
that Series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if all Events of Default with respect to Securities of that Series, other than the
non-payment of the principal and interest, if any, of Securities of that Series which have become due solely by such declaration of acceleration, have been cured or waived as provided in Section 6.13.

 No such rescission shall affect any subsequent Default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

Section 6.3.     Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by
Trustee. 
 The Company covenants that if: 

(a)        default is made in the payment of any interest on any Security when such
interest becomes due and payable and such default continues for a period of 30 days, 

  
 21 













 (b)        default is made in the
payment of principal of any Security at the Maturity thereof, or 

(c)        default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment, if any, when and
as due by the terms of a Security, 
 then, the Company will, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to it, for the benefit of the Holders of such
Securities, the whole amount then due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable, interest on any overdue principal and any overdue interest at the rate or
rates prescribed therefor in such Securities, and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the
Trustee, its agents and counsel. 
 If the Company fails to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as
trustee of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, may prosecute such proceeding to judgment or final decree and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such
Securities and collect the moneys adjudged or deemed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated. 

If an Event of Default with respect to any Securities of any Series occurs and is continuing, the Trustee, subject to Article VII hereof, may
in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce its rights and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such Series by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any such rights, whether
for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted herein, or to enforce any other proper remedy. 

Section 6.4.     Trustee May File Proofs of Claim. 

In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or
other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or of such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be
due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of overdue principal or interest) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention
in such proceeding or otherwise, 
 (a)        to file and prove a claim for the
whole amount of principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the compensation,
reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel) and of the Holders allowed in such judicial proceeding, and 

(b)        to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable
on any such claims and to distribute the same, 

  
 22 













 and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any
such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder to make such payments to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it for
the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7. 

Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder any
plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Holder in any such proceeding. 

Section 6.5.     Trustee May Enforce Claims Without Possession of
Securities. 
 All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or the Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee
without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of
judgment shall, after provision for the payment of the compensation, reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, be for the ratable benefit of the Holders of the Securities in respect of which such
judgment has been recovered. 
 Section 6.6.     Application of Money
Collected. 
 Any money or property collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article shall be applied in the following order, at the
date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such money or property on account of principal or interest, upon presentation of the Securities and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender
thereof if fully paid: 
 First:    To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee under Section 7.7; and 

Second:    To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid for principal of and interest on the Securities in respect of
which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal and interest, respectively; and 

Third:    To the Company. 

Section 6.7.     Limitation on Suits. 

No Holder of any Security of any Series shall have any right to institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this
Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless 

(a)        such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee of a
continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of that Series; 

  
 23 













 (b)        the Holders of not less
than 25% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series shall have made written request to the Trustee to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder; 

(c)        such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity or security
satisfactory to the Trustee against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by the Trustee in compliance with such request; 

(d)        the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer
of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and 
 (e)        no
direction inconsistent with such written request has been given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of that Series; 

it being understood, intended and expressly covenanted by the Holder of every Security with every other Holder and the Trustee that no one or more of such
Holders shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other of such Holders, or to obtain or to seek to obtain priority or preference
over any other of such Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders of the applicable Series. 

Section 6.8.     Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and
Interest. 
 Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute
and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of and interest, if any, on such Security on the Maturity of such Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date) and
to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such rights shall not be impaired without the consent of such Holder. 
 
Section 6.9.     Restoration of Rights and Remedies. 
 If the Trustee or any Holder has instituted
any proceeding to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason or has been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case, subject to any
determination in such proceeding, the Company, the Trustee and the Holders shall be restored severally and respectively to their former positions hereunder and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and the Holders shall continue as
though no such proceeding had been instituted. 
 Section 6.10.     Rights
and Remedies Cumulative. 
 Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or
stolen Securities in Section 2.8, no right or remedy herein conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to the Holders is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every right and remedy shall, to the extent permitted by law,
be cumulative and in 

  
 24 













 
addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise,
shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other appropriate right or remedy. 
 
Section 6.11.     Delay or Omission Not Waiver. 
 No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any
Holder of any Securities to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this
Article or by law to the Trustee or to the Holders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Holders, as the case may be. 

Section 6.12.     Control by Holders. 

The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series shall have the right to direct the time, method and
place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee, with respect to the Securities of such Series, provided that 

(a)        such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this
Indenture, 
 (b)        the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the
Trustee which is not inconsistent with such direction, 
 (c)        subject to the
provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed would involve the Trustee
in personal liability, and 
 (d)        prior to taking any action as directed under
this Section 6.12, the Trustee shall be entitled to indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction. 

Section 6.13.     Waiver of Past Defaults. 

The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may on behalf of the Holders of all
the Securities of such Series, by written notice to the Trustee and the Company, waive any past Default hereunder with respect to such Series and its consequences, except a Default in the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security of
such Series (provided, however, that the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series may rescind an acceleration and its consequences, including any related payment default that resulted from such
acceleration). Upon any such waiver, such Default shall cease to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other
Default or impair any right consequent thereon. 

  
 25 














Section 6.14.     Undertaking for Costs. 

All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security by his acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court
may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit
of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of
the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Company, to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder or group of Holders, holding in
the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series, or to any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of or interest on any Security on or after the Maturity of such
Security, including the Stated Maturity expressed in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the redemption date). 
 
ARTICLE VII. 
 TRUSTEE 
 
Section 7.1.     Duties of Trustee. 

(a)        If an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Trustee shall
exercise the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person’s own affairs. 

(b)        Except during the continuance of an Event of Default: 

(i)    The Trustee need perform only those duties that are specifically set forth in this Indenture and no
others, and no implied covenants or obligations will be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. 

(ii)    In the absence of bad faith on its part, the Trustee may conclusively rely, as to the truth of the
statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; however, in the case of any such
Officer’s Certificates or Opinions of Counsel which by any provisions hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall examine such Officer’s Certificates and Opinions of Counsel to determine whether or
not they conform to the form requirements of this Indenture. 
 (c)        The
Trustee may not be relieved from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act or its own willful misconduct, except that: 

(i)    This paragraph does not limit the effect of paragraph (b) of this Section. 

  
 26 













 (ii)    The Trustee shall not be liable for any error
of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer, unless it is proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts. 

(iii)    The Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken
by it with respect to Securities of any Series in good faith in accordance with the direction of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series relating to the time, method and place of conducting any
proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of such Series in accordance with Section 6.12. 

(d)        Every provision of this Indenture that in any way relates to the Trustee is
subject to paragraph (a), (b) and (c) of this Section. 
 (e)        The Trustee
may refuse to perform any duty or exercise any right or power unless it receives indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in performing such duty or exercising such right or power. 

(f)        The Trustee shall not be liable for interest on any money received by it
except as the Trustee may agree in writing with the Company. Money held in trust by the Trustee need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. 

(g)        No provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to risk its own
funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers, if adequate indemnity against such risk is not assured to the Trustee in its satisfaction. 

(h)        The Paying Agent, the Notice Agent, the Registrar, any authenticating agent
and the Trustee when acting in any other capacity hereunder shall be entitled to the protections and immunities as are set forth in this Article VII. 

(i)        The rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits given to the
Trustee, including its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and will be enforceable by, the Trustee in each of its capacities under this Indenture. 

Section 7.2.     Rights of Trustee. 

(a)        The Trustee may rely on and shall be protected in acting or refraining from
acting upon any document (whether in its original or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper person. The Trustee need not investigate any fact or matter stated in the document. 

(b)        Before the Trustee acts or refrains from acting, it may require an
Officer’s Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel or both. The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or omits to take in good faith in reliance on such Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel. 

  
 27 













 (c)        The Trustee may act
through agents and shall not be responsible for the misconduct or negligence of any agent appointed with due care. No Depositary shall be deemed an agent of the Trustee, and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any act or omission by any
Depositary. 
 (d)        The Trustee shall not be liable for any action it takes or
omits to take in good faith which it believes to be authorized or within its rights or powers. 

(e)        The Trustee may consult with counsel and the advice of such counsel or any
Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon. 

(f)        The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or
powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities unless such Holders shall have offered to the Trustee security or indemnity satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which
might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction. 

(g)        The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or
matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its discretion,
may make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see fit. 

(h)        The Trustee shall not be deemed to have notice of any Default or Event of
Default unless a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has actual knowledge thereof or unless written notice of any event which is in fact such a default is received by a Responsible Officer at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and such notice
references the Securities generally or the Securities of a particular Series and this Indenture. 

(i)        In no event shall the Trustee be liable to any person for special, punitive,
indirect, consequential or incidental loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits), even if the Trustee has been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage. 

(j)        The permissive right of the Trustee to take the actions permitted by this
Indenture shall not be construed as an obligation or duty to do so. 
 (k)        The
Trustee will not be required to give any bond or surety in respect of the execution of this Indenture or otherwise. 
 
Section 7.3.     Individual Rights of Trustee. 
 The Trustee in its individual or any other
capacity may become the owner or pledgee of Securities and may otherwise deal with the Company or an Affiliate of the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee. Any Agent may do the same with like rights. The Trustee is also
subject to Sections 7.10 and 7.11. 

  
 28 














Section 7.4.     Trustee’s Disclaimer. 

The Trustee makes no representation as to the validity or adequacy of this Indenture or the Securities. The Trustee shall not be accountable
for the Company’s use of the proceeds from the Securities and shall not be responsible for any statement in the Securities other than its certificate of authentication. 

Section 7.5.     Notice of Defaults. 

If a Default or Event of Default occurs and is continuing with respect to the Securities of any Series and if it is known to a Responsible
Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall send to each Holder of the Securities of that Series notice of a Default or Event of Default within 90 days after it occurs or, if later, after a Responsible Officer of the Trustee has knowledge of such
Default or Event of Default. Except in the case of a Default or Event of Default in payment of principal of or interest on any Security of any Series, the Trustee may withhold the notice if and so long as its corporate trust committee or a committee
of its Responsible Officers in good faith determines that withholding the notice is in the interests of Holders of that Series. The Trustee will not be deemed to have notice or be charged with knowledge of any Default or Event of Default unless
written notice thereof has been received by a Responsible Officer, and such notice references the applicable Series of Securities and this Indenture and states on its face that a Default or Event of Default has occurred. 

Section 7.6.     Reports by Trustee to Holders. 

Within 60 days after each anniversary of the date of this Indenture, the Trustee shall transmit by mail to all Holders, as their names and
addresses appear on the register kept by the Registrar, a brief report dated as of such anniversary date, in accordance with, and to the extent required under, TIA § 313. 

A copy of each report at the time of its mailing to Holders of any Series shall be filed with the SEC and each national securities exchange on
which the Securities of that Series are listed. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee in writing when Securities of any Series are listed on any national securities exchange. 

Section 7.7.     Compensation and Indemnity. 

The Company shall pay to the Trustee from time to time compensation for its services as the Company and the Trustee shall from time to time
agree upon in writing. The Trustee’s compensation shall not be limited by any law on compensation of a trustee of an express trust. The Company shall reimburse the Trustee upon request for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by it. Such expenses shall include the reasonable compensation and expenses of the Trustee’s agents and counsel. 

The Company shall indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee (including for the cost of defending itself) against any cost,
expense or liability, including taxes (other than taxes based upon, measured by or determined by the income of the Trustee) incurred by it except as set forth in the next paragraph in the performance of its duties under this Indenture as Trustee or
Agent. The Trustee shall notify the Company promptly of any claim for which it 

  
 29 













 
may seek indemnity. Failure by the Trustee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder, unless and to the extent that the Company is materially prejudiced
thereby. The Company shall defend the claim and the Trustee shall cooperate in the defense. The Trustee may have separate counsel, and the Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel. The Company need not pay for any
settlement made without its consent, which consent will not be unreasonably withheld. This indemnification shall apply to officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents of the Trustee. 

The Company need not reimburse any expense or indemnify against any loss or liability incurred by the Trustee or by any officer, director,
employee, shareholder or agent of the Trustee through willful misconduct or negligence, as determined by a final decision of a court of competent jurisdiction. 

To secure the Company’s payment obligations in this Section, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any Series on all
money or property held or collected by the Trustee, except that held in trust to pay principal of and interest on particular Securities of that Series. 

When the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after an Event of Default specified in Section 6.1(d) or (e) occurs, the
expenses and the compensation for the services are intended to constitute expenses of administration under any Bankruptcy Law. 
 The
provisions of this Section shall survive the termination of this Indenture and the resignation or removal of the Trustee. 
 
Section 7.8.     Replacement of Trustee. 
 A resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment
of a successor Trustee shall become effective only upon the successor Trustee’s acceptance of appointment as provided in this Section. 

The Trustee may resign with respect to the Securities of one or more Series by so notifying the Company at least 30 days prior to the date of
the proposed resignation. The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any Series may remove the Trustee with respect to that Series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company. The Company may remove the Trustee with respect
to Securities of one or more Series if: 
 (a)        the Trustee fails to comply
with Section 7.10; 
 (b)        the Trustee is adjudged a bankrupt or an
insolvent or an order for relief is entered with respect to the Trustee under any Bankruptcy Law; 

(c)        a Custodian or public officer takes charge of the Trustee or its property;
or 
 (d)        the Trustee becomes incapable of acting. 

If the Trustee resigns or is removed or if a vacancy exists in the office of Trustee for any reason, the Company shall promptly appoint a
successor Trustee. Within one year after 

  
 30 













 
the successor Trustee takes office, the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the then outstanding Securities may appoint a successor Trustee to replace the successor Trustee appointed by
the Company. 
 If a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any one or more Series does not take office within 60 days after
the retiring Trustee resigns or is removed, the retiring Trustee, the Company or the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the Securities of the applicable Series may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment
of a successor Trustee. 
 A successor Trustee shall deliver a written acceptance of its appointment to the retiring Trustee and to the
Company. Immediately after that, the retiring Trustee shall transfer all property held by it as Trustee to the successor Trustee subject to the lien provided for in Section 7.7, the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective, and the successor Trustee shall have all the rights, powers and duties of the Trustee with respect to each Series of Securities for which it is acting as Trustee under this Indenture. A successor Trustee shall send a notice of its
succession to each Holder of each such Series. Notwithstanding replacement of the Trustee pursuant to this Section 7.8, the Company’s obligations under Section 7.7 hereof shall continue for the benefit of the retiring Trustee with
respect to expenses and liabilities incurred by it for actions taken or omitted to be taken in accordance with its rights, powers and duties under this Indenture prior to such replacement. 

Section 7.9.     Successor Trustee by Merger, Etc.  

Any organization or entity into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any organization or
entity resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any organization or entity succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee, shall be the successor of the
Trustee hereunder, provided such organization or entity shall be otherwise qualified and eligible under Section 7.10, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto. 

Section 7.10.     Eligibility; Disqualification. 

This Indenture shall always have a Trustee who satisfies the requirements of TIA § 310(a)(1), (2) and (5). The Trustee shall always have
a combined capital and surplus of at least $25,000,000 as set forth in its most recent published annual report of condition. The Trustee shall comply with TIA § 310(b). 

Section 7.11.     Preferential Collection of Claims Against Company. 

The Trustee is subject to TIA § 311(a), excluding any creditor relationship listed in TIA § 311(b). A Trustee who has resigned or
been removed shall be subject to TIA § 311(a) to the extent indicated. 

  
 31 













 ARTICLE VIII. 

SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE; DEFEASANCE 

Section 8.1.     Satisfaction and Discharge of Indenture. 

This Indenture shall upon Company Order be discharged with respect to the Securities of any Series and cease to be of further effect as to all
Securities of such Series (except as hereinafter provided in this Section 8.1), and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, when 

(a)        either 

(i)    all Securities of such Series theretofore authenticated and delivered (other than Securities that
have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that have been replaced or paid) have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation; or 

(ii)    all such Securities of such Series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation: 

(1)    have become due and payable by reason of sending a notice of redemption or otherwise, 

(2)    will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within one year, 

(3)    have been called for redemption or are to be called for redemption within one year under
arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee in the name, and at the expense, of the Company, or 

(4)    are deemed paid and discharged pursuant to Section 8.3, as applicable; 

and the Company, in the case of (1), (2) or (3) above, has irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust an
amount of money or U.S. Government Obligations, which amount shall be sufficient for the purpose of paying and discharging each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments) of and interest on all the
Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due; 

(b)        the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable hereunder
by the Company; and 
 (c)        the Company has delivered to the Trustee an
Officer’s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the satisfaction and discharge contemplated by this Section have been complied with. 

  
 32 













 Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture, (x) the obligations
of the Company to the Trustee under Section 7.7, (y) if money shall have been deposited with the Trustee pursuant to clause (a) of this Section, the provisions of Sections 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 8.2 and 8.5, and (z) the rights, powers, trusts
and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith shall survive. 
 
Section 8.2.     Application of Trust Funds; Indemnification. 

(a)        Subject to the provisions of Section 8.5, all money and U.S. Government
Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 and all money received by the Trustee in respect of U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations deposited with the
Trustee pursuant to Section 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4, shall be held in trust and applied by it, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly or through any Paying Agent (including the Company
acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the persons entitled thereto, of the principal and interest for whose payment such money has been deposited with or received by the Trustee or to make mandatory sinking fund payments
or analogous payments as contemplated by Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4. 
 (b)        The
Company shall pay and shall indemnify the Trustee (which indemnity shall survive termination of this Indenture) against any tax, fee or other charge imposed on or assessed against U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations
deposited pursuant to Sections 8.1, 8.3 or 8.4 or the interest and principal received in respect of such obligations other than any payable by or on behalf of Holders. 

(c)        The Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon
Company Order any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations or money held by it as provided in Sections 8.3 or 8.4 which, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment
bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, are then in excess of the amount thereof which then would have been required to be deposited for the purpose for which such U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government
Obligations or money were deposited or received. This provision shall not authorize the sale by the Trustee of any U.S. Government Obligations or Foreign Government Obligations held under this Indenture. 

Section 8.3.     Legal Defeasance of Securities of any Series. 

Unless this Section 8.3 is otherwise specified, pursuant to Section 2.2, to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company
shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness on all the outstanding Securities of any Series on the 91st day after the date of the deposit referred to in subparagraph (d) hereof, and the provisions of this Indenture, as
it relates to such outstanding Securities of such Series, shall no longer be in effect (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall, upon receipt of a Company Order, execute instruments acknowledging the same), except as to: 

  
 33 













 (a)        the rights of Holders of
Securities of such Series to receive, from the trust funds described in subparagraph (d) hereof, (i) payment of the principal of and each installment of principal of and interest on the outstanding Securities of such Series on the Maturity of
such principal or installment of principal or interest and (ii) the benefit of any mandatory sinking fund payments applicable to the Securities of such Series on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of
this Indenture and the Securities of such Series; 
 (b)        the provisions of
Sections 2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8, 7.7, 8.2, 8.3, 8.5 and 8.6; and 
 (c)        the
rights, powers, trusts and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and the Company’s obligations in connection therewith; 
 provided that, the following
conditions shall have been satisfied: 
 (d)        the Company shall have
irrevocably deposited or caused to be deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds specifically pledged as security for and dedicated solely to the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the
case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations or (ii) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or
Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later
than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to
the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal of and interest, on and any mandatory sinking fund payments in respect of all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest and such sinking fund
payments are due; 
 (e)        such deposit will not result in a breach or violation
of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; 

(f)        no Default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such Series
shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit or during the period ending on the 91st day after such date; 

(g)        the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that (i) the Company has received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or (ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been a
change in the applicable Federal income tax law, in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such Opinion of Counsel shall confirm that, the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income
tax purposes as a result of such deposit, defeasance and discharge and will be subject to Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same 

  
 34 













 
times as would have been the case if such deposit, defeasance and discharge had not occurred; 

(h)        the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s
Certificate stating that the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and 

(i)        the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent provided for relating to the defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with. 

Section 8.4.     Covenant Defeasance. 

Unless this Section 8.4 is otherwise specified pursuant to Section 2.2 to be inapplicable to Securities of any Series, the Company
may omit to comply with respect to the Securities of any Series with any term, provision or condition set forth under Sections 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 5.1 and, unless otherwise specified therein, any additional covenants specified in a supplemental
indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 (and the failure to comply with any such covenants shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default with respect
to such Series under Section 6.1) and the occurrence of any event specified in a supplemental indenture for such Series of Securities or a Board Resolution or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 and designated
as an Event of Default shall not constitute a Default or Event of Default hereunder, with respect to the Securities of such Series, but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities will be unaffected thereby;
provided that the following conditions shall have been satisfied: 
 (a)        with
reference to this Section 8.4, the Company has irrevocably deposited or caused to be irrevocably deposited (except as provided in Section 8.2(c)) with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments
specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities (i) in the case of Securities of such Series denominated in Dollars, cash in Dollars and/or U.S. Government Obligations or (ii) in
the case of Securities of such Series denominated in a Foreign Currency (other than a composite currency), money and/or Foreign Government Obligations, which through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms, will provide (and without reinvestment and assuming no tax liability will be imposed on such Trustee), not later than one day before the due date of any payment of money, an amount in cash, sufficient, in the opinion of a nationally
recognized firm of independent certified public accountants or investment bank expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge each installment of principal (including mandatory sinking fund payments or
analogous payments) of and interest on all the Securities of such Series on the dates such installments of principal or interest are due; 

(b)        such deposit will not result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a
default under, this Indenture or any other agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound; 

  
 35 













 (c)        no Default or Event of
Default with respect to the Securities of such Series shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of such deposit; 

(d)        the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officers’
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that the Holders of the Securities of such Series will not recognize income, gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes as a result of such deposit and covenant defeasance and will be subject to
Federal income tax on the same amount and in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such deposit and covenant defeasance had not occurred; 

(e)        The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s
Certificate stating the deposit was not made by the Company with the intent of defeating, hindering, delaying or defrauding any other creditors of the Company; and 

(f)        The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer’s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the covenant defeasance contemplated by this Section have been complied with. 

Section 8.5.     Repayment to Company. 

Subject to applicable abandoned property law, the Trustee and the Paying Agent shall pay to the Company upon request any money held by them
for the payment of principal and interest that remains unclaimed for two years. After that, Holders entitled to the money must look to the Company for payment as general creditors unless an applicable abandoned property law designates another
person. 
 Section 8.6.     Reinstatement. 

If the Trustee or the Paying Agent is unable to apply any money deposited with respect to Securities of any Series in accordance with
Section 8.1 by reason of any legal proceeding or by reason of any order or judgment of any court or governmental authority enjoining, restraining or otherwise prohibiting such application, the obligations of the Company under this Indenture
with respect to the Securities of such Series and under the Securities of such Series shall be revived and reinstated as though no deposit had occurred pursuant to Section 8.1 until such time as the Trustee or the Paying Agent is permitted to
apply all such money in accordance with Section 8.1; provided, however, that if the Company has made any payment of principal of or interest on [or any Additional Amounts with respect to] any Securities because of the
reinstatement of its obligations, the Company shall be subrogated to the rights of the Holders of such Securities to receive such payment from the money or U.S. Government Obligations held by the Trustee or Paying Agent after payment in full to the
Holders. 
 ARTICLE IX. 

AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS 
 
Section 9.1.     Without Consent of Holders. 
 The Company and the Trustee may amend or supplement
this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series without the consent of any Holder: 

  
 36 













 (a)        to cure any ambiguity,
defect or inconsistency; 
 (b)        to comply with Article V; 

(c)        to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of
certificated Securities; 
 (d)        to add guarantees with respect to Securities
of any Series or secure Securities of any Series; 
 (e)        to surrender any of
the Company’s rights or powers under this Indenture; 
 (f)        to add
covenants or events of default for the benefit of the holders of Securities of any Series; 

(g)        to comply with the applicable procedures of the applicable depositary; 

(h)        to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Holder;

 (i)        to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and
conditions of Securities of any Series as permitted by this Indenture; 

(j)        to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more Series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one
Trustee; or 
 (k)        to comply with requirements of the SEC in order to effect
or maintain the qualification of this Indenture under the TIA. 

Section 9.2.     With Consent of Holders. 

Subject to Section 9.3, the Company and the Trustee may enter into a supplemental indenture with the written consent of the Holders of at
least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of each Series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or exchange offer for the Securities of such Series), for the
purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of each such Series. Except as provided in
Section 6.13, and subject to Section 9.3, the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of any Series by notice to the Trustee (including consents obtained in connection with a tender offer or
exchange offer for the Securities of such Series) may waive compliance by the Company with any provision of this Indenture or the Securities with respect to such Series. 

It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Holders of Securities under this Section 9.2 to approve the particular form of any
proposed supplemental indenture or waiver, but it shall be sufficient if such consent approves the substance thereof. After a supplemental indenture or waiver under this section becomes effective, the Company shall send to the Holders of Securities


  
 37 













 
affected thereby, a notice briefly describing the supplemental indenture or waiver. Any failure by the Company to send such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or
affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture or waiver. 

Section 9.3.     Limitations. 

Without the consent of each Holder affected, an amendment or waiver may not: 

(a)        reduce the principal amount of Securities whose Holders must consent to an
amendment, supplement or waiver; 
 (b)        reduce the rate of or extend the time
for payment of interest (including default interest) on any Security; 

(c)        reduce the principal or change the Stated Maturity of any Security or reduce
the amount of, or postpone the date fixed for, the payment of any sinking fund or analogous obligation; 

(d)        reduce the principal amount of Discount Securities payable upon acceleration
of the maturity thereof; 
 (e)        waive a Default or Event of Default in the
payment of the principal of or interest, if any, on any Security (except a rescission of acceleration of the Securities of any Series by the Holders of at least a majority in principal amount of the outstanding Securities of such Series and a waiver
of the payment default that resulted from such acceleration); 
 (f)        make the
principal of or interest, if any, on any Security payable in any currency other than that stated in the Security; 

(g)        make any change in Sections 6.8, 6.13 or 9.3 (this sentence); or 

(h)        waive a redemption payment with respect to any Security, provided that such
redemption is made at the Company’s option. 

Section 9.4.     Compliance with Trust Indenture Act. 

Every amendment to this Indenture or the Securities of one or more Series shall be set forth in a supplemental indenture hereto that complies
with the TIA as then in effect. 
 Section 9.5.     Revocation and Effect
of Consents. 
 Until an amendment is set forth in a supplemental indenture or a waiver becomes effective, a consent to it by a Holder
of a Security is a continuing consent by the Holder and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security, even if notation of the consent is not made on any
Security. However, any such Holder or subsequent Holder may revoke the consent as to his Security or portion of a Security if the Trustee receives the notice of revocation before the date of the supplemental indenture or the date the waiver becomes
effective. 

  
 38 













 Any amendment or waiver once effective shall bind every Holder of each Series affected by
such amendment or waiver unless it is of the type described in any of clauses (a) through (h) of Section 9.3. In that case, the amendment or waiver shall bind each Holder of a Security who has consented to it and every subsequent Holder of
a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the same debt as the consenting Holder’s Security. 
 The Company may, but shall not
be obligated to, fix a record date for the purpose of determining the Holders entitled to give their consent or take any other action described above or required or permitted to be taken pursuant to this Indenture. If a record date is fixed, then
notwithstanding the second immediately preceding paragraph, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those Persons, shall be entitled to give such consent or to revoke any consent previously
given or take any such action, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such record date. No such consent shall be valid or effective for more than 120 days after such record date. 

Section 9.6.     Notation on or Exchange of Securities. 

The Company or the Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, place an appropriate notation about an amendment or waiver on any Security of
any Series thereafter authenticated. The Company in exchange for Securities of that Series may issue and the Trustee shall authenticate upon receipt of a Company Order in accordance with Section 2.3 new Securities of that Series that reflect
the amendment or waiver. 
 Section 9.7.     Trustee Protected. 

In executing, or accepting the additional trusts created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article or the modifications thereby
of the trusts created by this Indenture, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, upon request, an Officer’s Certificate and/or an Opinion of Counsel complying with Sections 10.4 and 10.5 and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully
protected in relying upon such Officer’s Certificate and/or Opinion of Counsel. The Trustee shall sign all supplemental indentures upon delivery of such an Officer’s Certificate or Opinion of Counsel or both, except that the Trustee need
not sign any supplemental indenture that adversely affects its rights, duties, liabilities or immunities under this Indenture. 
 
ARTICLE X. 
 MISCELLANEOUS 

Section 10.1.     Trust Indenture Act Controls. 

If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with another provision which is required or deemed to be included in this
Indenture by the TIA, such required or deemed provision shall control. 

Section 10.2.     Notices. 

Any notice or communication by the Company or the Trustee to the other, or by a Holder to the Company or the Trustee, is duly given if in
writing and delivered in person or mailed 

  
 39 













 
by first-class mail (registered or certified, return receipt requested), email or overnight air courier guaranteeing next day delivery, to the others’
address: 
 if to the Company: 
 Ligand
Pharmaceuticals Incorporated 
 3911 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, Suite 110 

San Diego, CA 92121 
 Attention:
Chief Financial Officer 
 with a copy to: 

Latham & Watkins LLP 

12670 High Bluff Drive 
 San
Diego, CA 92130 
 Attention: Matthew T. Bush 

Telephone: (858) 523-3962 

if to the Trustee: 

[                ] 

Attention: [                ] 

Telephone: [                ] 

with a copy to: 

[                ] 

Attention: [                ] 

Telephone: [                ] 

The Company or the Trustee by notice to the other may designate additional or different addresses for subsequent notices or communications.

 Any notice or communication to a Holder shall be sent electronically or by first-class mail or overnight air courier to his, her or its
address shown on the register kept by the Registrar, in accordance with the procedures of the Depositary. Failure to send a notice or communication to a Holder of any Series or any defect in it shall not affect its sufficiency with respect to other
Holders of that or any other Series. 
 If a notice or communication is sent or published in the manner provided above, within the time
prescribed, it is duly given, whether or not the Holder receives it. 
 If the Company sends a notice or communication to Holders, it shall
send a copy to the Trustee and each Agent at the same time. 
 The Trustee shall not have any duty to confirm that the person sending any
notice, instruction or other communication by electronic transmission (including by e-mail, facsimile 

  
 40 













 
transmission, web portal or other electronic methods) is, in fact, a person authorized to do so. Electronic signatures believed by the Trustee to comply with the ESIGN Act of 2000 or other
applicable law (including electronic images of handwritten signatures and digital signatures provided by DocuSign, Orbit, Adobe Sign or any other digital signature provider acceptable to the Trustee) shall be deemed original signatures for all
purposes. The Company assumes all risks arising out of the use of electronic signatures and electronic methods to send communications to the Trustee, including without limitation the risk of the Trustee acting on an unauthorized communication, and
the risk of interception or misuse by third parties. 
 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture or any Security, where this
Indenture or any Security provides for notice of any event (including any notice of redemption) to a Holder of a Global Security (whether by mail or otherwise), such notice shall be sufficiently given to the Depositary for such Security (or its
designee) pursuant to the customary procedures of such Depositary. 

Section 10.3.     Communication by Holders with Other Holders. 

Holders of any Series may communicate pursuant to TIA § 312(b) with other Holders of that Series or any other Series with respect to
their rights under this Indenture or the Securities of that Series or all Series. The Company, the Trustee, the Registrar and anyone else shall have the protection of TIA § 312(c). 

Section 10.4.     Certificate and Opinion as to Conditions Precedent.

 Upon any request or application by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the
Trustee: 
 (a)        an Officer’s Certificate stating that, in the opinion of
the signers, all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with; and 

(b)        an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such counsel, all such
conditions precedent have been complied with. 

Section 10.5.     Statements Required in Certificate or Opinion. 

Each certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate
provided pursuant to TIA § 314(a)(4)) shall comply with the provisions of TIA § 314(e) and shall include: 

(a)        a statement that the person making such certificate or opinion has read such
covenant or condition; 
 (b)        a brief statement as to the nature and scope of
the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; 

  
 41 













 (c)        a statement that, in the
opinion of such person, such person has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable such person to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and 

(d)        a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such person, such
condition or covenant has been complied with. 
 Section 10.6.     Rules by
Trustee and Agents. 
 The Trustee may make reasonable rules for action by or a meeting of Holders of one or more Series. Any Agent may
make reasonable rules and set reasonable requirements for its functions. 

Section 10.7.     Legal Holidays. 

If a payment date for any payment made under this Indenture is not a Business Day, payment may be made on the next succeeding Business Day,
and no interest shall accrue for the intervening period. 

Section 10.8.     No Recourse Against Others. 

A director, officer, employee or stockholder (past or present), as such, of the Company shall not have any liability for any obligations of
the Company under the Securities or the Indenture or for any claim based on, in respect of or by reason of such obligations or their creation. Each Holder by accepting a Security waives and releases all such liability. The waiver and release are
part of the consideration for the issue of the Securities. 

Section 10.9.     Counterparts. 

This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so
executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement. The exchange of copies of this Indenture and of signature pages by facsimile or electronic format (e.g., “.pdf” or
“.tif”) transmission shall constitute effective execution and delivery of this Indenture as to the parties hereto and may be used in lieu of the original Indenture for all purposes. Signatures of the parties hereto transmitted by facsimile
or electronic format (e.g., “.pdf” or “.tif”) shall be deemed to be their original signatures for all purposes. 

Unless otherwise provided herein or in any other Securities, the words “execute”, “execution”, “signed” and
“signature” and words of similar import used in or related to any document to be signed in connection with this Indenture, any Securities or any of the transactions contemplated hereby (including amendments, waivers, consents and other
modifications) shall be deemed to include electronic signatures and the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature in ink or the use of a
paper-based recordkeeping system, as applicable, to the fullest extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records
Act and any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act. 

  
 42 














Section 10.10.     Governing Law; Waiver of Jury Trial; Consent to
Jurisdiction. 
 THIS INDENTURE AND THE SECURITIES, INCLUDING ANY CLAIM OR CONTROVERSY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE INDENTURE OR
THE SECURITIES, SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. 
 THE COMPANY, THE TRUSTEE AND THE HOLDERS (BY THEIR
ACCEPTANCE OF THE SECURITIES) EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVE, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS INDENTURE, THE SECURITIES OR THE
TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY. 
 Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Indenture or the
transactions contemplated hereby may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City of New York or the courts of the State of New York in each case located in the City of New York (collectively, the
“Specified Courts”), and each party irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or
document by mail (to the extent allowed under any applicable statute or rule of court) to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The
Company, the Trustee and the Holders (by their acceptance of the Securities) each hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and
unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim any such suit, action or other proceeding has been brought in an inconvenient forum. 

Section 10.11.     No Adverse Interpretation of Other Agreements. 

This Indenture may not be used to interpret another indenture, loan or debt agreement of the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company. Any such
indenture, loan or debt agreement may not be used to interpret this Indenture. 

Section 10.12.     Successors. 

All agreements of the Company in this Indenture and the Securities shall bind its successor. All agreements of the Trustee in this Indenture
shall bind its successor. 
 Section 10.13.     Severability. 

In case any provision in this Indenture or in the Securities shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby. 

Section 10.14.     Table of Contents, Headings, Etc. 

The Table of Contents, Cross Reference Table, headings of the Articles and Sections of this Indenture have been inserted for convenience of
reference only, are not to be 

  
 43 













 
considered a part hereof and shall in no way modify or restrict any of the terms or provisions hereof. 

Section 10.15.     Securities in a Foreign Currency. 

Unless otherwise specified in a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to
Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, whenever for purposes of this Indenture any action may be taken by the Holders of a specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of Securities of all Series
or all Series affected by a particular action at the time outstanding and, at such time, there are outstanding Securities of any Series which are denominated in more than one currency, then the principal amount of Securities of such Series which
shall be deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of taking such action shall be determined by converting any such other currency into a currency that is designated upon issuance of any particular Series of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in
a Board Resolution, a supplemental indenture hereto or an Officer’s Certificate delivered pursuant to Section 2.2 of this Indenture with respect to a particular Series of Securities, such conversion shall be at the spot rate for the
purchase of the designated currency as published in The Financial Times in the “Currency Rates” section (or, if The Financial Times is no longer published, or if such information is no longer available in The Financial Times, such source
as may be selected in good faith by the Company) on any date of determination. The provisions of this paragraph shall apply in determining the equivalent principal amount in respect of Securities of a Series denominated in currency other than
Dollars in connection with any action taken by Holders of Securities pursuant to the terms of this Indenture. 
 All decisions and
determinations provided for in the preceding paragraph shall, in the absence of manifest error, to the extent permitted by law, be conclusive for all purposes and irrevocably binding upon the Trustee and all Holders. 

Section 10.16.     Judgment Currency. 

The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively do so under applicable law, that (a) if for the purpose of obtaining
judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the sum due in respect of the principal of or interest or other amount on the Securities of any Series (the “Required Currency”) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered
(the “Judgment Currency”), the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in the City of New York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the
day on which final unappealable judgment is entered, unless such day is not a New York Banking Day, then the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in the City of New
York the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding the day on which final unappealable judgment is entered and (b) its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the Required Currency
(i) shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether or not entered in accordance with subsection (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such tender or
recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be payable in respect of such payments, (ii) shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the
purpose of recovering in the Required Currency 

  
 44 













 
the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of the Required Currency so expressed to be payable, and (iii) shall not be affected by judgment being
obtained for any other sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, “New York Banking Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday in the City of New York on which banking institutions are
authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close. 

Section 10.17.     Force Majeure. 

In no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of
or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces beyond its control, including, without limitation, strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes, pandemics, epidemics or
other public health emergencies, or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications or computer (software and hardware) services, it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable best efforts which are
consistent with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances. 
 
Section 10.18.     U.S.A. Patriot Act. 
 The parties hereto acknowledge that in accordance with
Section 326 of the U.S.A. Patriot Act, the Trustee is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person or legal entity that establishes a relationship or opens an account with the Trustee. The parties to this
Indenture agree that they will provide the Trustee with such information as it may request in order for the Trustee to satisfy the requirements of the U.S.A. Patriot Act. 

ARTICLE XI. 

SINKING FUNDS 
 
Section 11.1.     Applicability of Article. 
 The provisions of this Article shall be applicable
to any sinking fund for the retirement of the Securities of a Series if so provided by the terms of such Securities pursuant to Section 2.2, except as otherwise permitted or required by any form of Security of such Series issued pursuant to
this Indenture. 
 The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of the Securities of any Series is herein
referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment” and any other amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such Series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment.” If provided for by the terms
of Securities of any Series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 11.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any Series as provided for by the
terms of the Securities of such Series. 
 Section 11.2.     Satisfaction
of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities. 
 The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with
respect to the Securities of any Series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1) deliver outstanding Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable 

  
 45 













 
(other than any of such Securities previously called for mandatory sinking fund redemption) and (2) apply as credit Securities of such Series to which such sinking fund payment is applicable
and which have been repurchased by the Company or redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Series of Securities (except pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund) or through the application of permitted optional
sinking fund payments or other optional redemptions pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received by the Trustee, together with an Officer’s
Certificate with respect thereto, not later than 15 days prior to the date on which the Trustee begins the process of selecting Securities for redemption and shall be credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the price specified in such Securities
for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities in lieu of cash payments pursuant to this Section 11.2, the
principal amount of Securities of such Series to be redeemed in order to exhaust the aforesaid cash payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such Series for redemption, except upon receipt of a Company Order that
such action be taken, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment, provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall from time to time upon
receipt of a Company Order pay over and deliver to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of Securities of that Series purchased by the Company having an unpaid
principal amount equal to the cash payment required to be released to the Company. 

Section 11.3.     Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund. 

Not less than 45 days (unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, supplemental indenture hereto or Officer’s Certificate in
respect of a particular Series of Securities) prior to each sinking fund payment date for any Series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officer’s Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing mandatory sinking
fund payment for that Series pursuant to the terms of that Series, the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting of Securities of that
Series pursuant to Section 11.2, and the optional amount, if any, to be added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified. Not less than 30 days
(unless otherwise indicated in the Board Resolution, Officer’s Certificate or supplemental indenture in respect of a particular Series of Securities) before each such sinking fund payment date the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking
fund payment date will be selected in the manner specified in Section 3.2, and the Company shall send or cause to be sent a notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in
and in accordance with Section 3.3. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6. 

  
 46 













 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed as of
the day and year first above written. 
  

			
	LIGAND PHARMACEUTICALS INCORPORATED


 
			
		
	By:	 	  

		 	Name:
		 	Its:
	
	[                    ], as Trustee




			
		
	By:	 	  

		 	Name:
		 	Its: