UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF 

COMMERCE 

NEWS 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20230 

Robert R. Callis For Release 10:00 AM EST, July 28, 2005

Linda B. Cavanaugh CB05-101 

(301) 763-3199 

CENSUS BUREAU REPORTS ON RESIDENTIAL VACANCIES AND 

HOMEOWNERSHIP

National vacancy rates in the second quarter 2005 were 9.8 percent for rental housing and 1.8 percent 

for homeowner housing, the Department of Commerce=s Census Bureau announced today. The Census 

Bureau said the rental vacancy rate was not different from the second quarter rate last year (10.2 percent) or 

the rate last quarter (10.1 percent). For homeowner vacancies, the current rate (1.8 percent) was also not 

different from the rate a year ago (1.7 percent), or the rate last quarter (1.8 percent). The homeownership rate 

(68.6 percent) for the current quarter was lower than the second quarter 2004 rate (69.2 percent) and the rate 

last quarter (69.1 percent). 

Table 1. Rental and Homeowner Vacancy Rates for the United States: 1992 to 2005 (in percent)

Rental vacancy rate Homeowner vacancy rate 

Year 

First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

 ↓ ↓ 

 2005.... 

 2004.... 

 2003.... 

 2002a

 .. 

 2002.... 

2001.... 

2000..... 

1999..... 

1998..... 

1997..... 

1996..... 

1995..... 

1994..... 

1993a

.... 

 1993..... 

 1992... 

 10.1 

 10.4 

 9.4 

9.1 

9.1 

8.2 

7.9 

8.2 

7.7 

7.5 

7.9 

7.4 

7.5 

7.8 

7.9 

7.4 

 9.8 

 10.2 

9.6 

8.4 

8.5 

8.3 

8.0 

8.1 

8.0 

7.9 

7.8 

7.7 

7.4 

7.6 

7.6 

7.7 

 

 10.1 

9.9 

9.0 

9.1 

 8.4 

8.2 

8.2 

8.2 

7.9 

8.0 

7.7 

7.2 

7.0 

7.1 

7.3 

 

 10.0 

 10.2 

9.3 

9.4 

8.8 

7.8 

7.9 

7.8 

7.7 

7.7 

7.7 

7.4 

6.9 

6.9 

7.1 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.5 

1.6 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.5 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.8 

1.5 

1.6 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.6 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.6 

 

 1.7 

 1.9 

1.7 

1.7 

1.9 

1.6 

1.6 

1.7 

1.5 

1.7 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

 1.6 

 

 1.8 

 1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.8 

1.6 

1.6 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

1.6 

1.4 

1.4 

1.5

 aRevised in 2002 to incorporate information collected in Census 2000, and in 1993 to reflect the results of the 1990 decennial census. 

 NOTE: The estimates in this report are based on responses from a sample of the population and may differ from actual values because of 

 sampling variability or other factors. As a result, apparent differences between the estimates for two or more groups may not be 

 statistically significant. All comparative statements have undergone statistical testing and are significant at the 90-percent confidence level 

 unless otherwise noted. The data in this report are from the monthly samples of the Housing Vacancy Survey, which is a supplement to 

 the Current Population Survey. The populations represented (the population universe) are all housing units (vacancy rates) and the 

 civilian noninstitutional population of the United States (homeownership rate). 

 

 

 BUREAU OF 

 THE 

 CENSUS 
2

 For rental housing, the second quarter 2005 vacancy rate in central cities (10.1 percent) was higher than in 

the suburbs (9.1 percent), while the rate for outside Core-Based Statistical Areas (10.4 percent) was not different 

from rates in central cities or the suburbs. (see NOTE below). 

 The homeowner vacancy rate for second quarter 2005 in central cities (2.1 percent) was also higher than 

the suburbs (1.6 percent) and not different from outside Core-Based Statistical Areas (1.8 percent), 

which was also not different from the rate in the suburbs. 

 Among regions, the rental vacancy rates for the current quarter were highest in the Midwest, (12.6 

percent) and South (11.8 percent), although they were not different from each other. Rental vacancy rates were 

lower in the West (7.5 percent) with the lowest rate being in the Northeast (6.1 percent). Regional rates were 

lower than a year ago in the Northeast and South, while the Midwest and West were not different from their 

respective rates last year. 

Comparisons of the regional homeowner vacancy rates for second quarter 2005 showed the highest rates 

in the Midwest (2.0 percent) and the South (2.2 percent), although they were not different from each other. 

Rates were lowest in the Northeast and West (1.3 percent each). When compared with second quarter 2004, the 

homeowner vacancy rates were not different from their respective rates a year ago. 

 Table 2. Rental and Homeowner Vacancy Rates by Area and Region: Second Quarter 2004 and 2005 

(in percent) 

 Rental vacancy rates Homeowner vacancy rates 

90-Percent 

Confidence Interval ( + ) a

90-Percent 

Confidence Interval ( + ) a

Area/Region 

Second 

Quarter 

2004 

Second 

Quarter 

2005

of 

2005 rate 

of 

difference 

Second 

Quarter 

2004 

Second 

Quarter 

2005 

of 

2005 rate 

of 

difference 

 

United States............. 

Inside Core-Based 

Statistical Areas........ 

 In central cities........ 

 Not in central 

 cities (suburbs)........ 

Outside Core-Based 

Statistical Areas........ 

 Northeast................. 

 Midwest................... 

 South....................... 

 West........................ 

10.2 

(NA) 

(NA) 

 

 (NA) 

(NA) 

 7.0 

 11.7 

 13.0 

 7.7 

9.8 

9.7 

10.1 

9.1 

 

10.4 

 6.1 

12.6 

 11.8 

 7.5 

0.4 

0.5 

0.6 

0.7 

1.5 

0.7 

0.9 

0.9 

0.8 

0.5 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

0.8 

1.0 

1.0 

0.9 

1.7 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

1.1 

1.7 

2.0 

1.4 

1.8 

1.8 

2.1 

1.6 

1.8 

1.3 

2.0 

2.2 

1.3 

0.1 

0.1 

0.3 

0.1 

0.3 

0.2 

0.2 

0.2 

0.2 

0.1 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

(NA) 

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

0.3 

a

A 90-percent confidence interval is a measure of an estimate’s reliability. The larger the confidence interval is, in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable 

the estimate. For more information, see page 10. (NA) Not Available. 

NOTE: Core-Based Statistical Area data for 2005 and later are not comparable to earlier data. Beginning in first quarter 2005, the Current Population Survey/Housing 

Vacancy Survey is using the new metropolitan and micropolitan statistical definitions that were announced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in June 

2003, and were based on the application of the 2000 standards to Census 2000 data. The OMB announced updates as of December 2003, based on application of the 

2000 standards to more recent Census Bureau estimates. The December 2003 definitions are available at: 

http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metrodef.html. 

 
3

 

There were an estimated 123.7 million housing units in the United States in the second quarter 2005. 

Approximately 107.9 million housing units were occupied: 74.0 million by owners and 33.9 million by renters. 

Both the number of owner-occupied units and the number of renter-occupied units were higher than their 

respective estimates a year ago. Of the 15.9 million vacant housing units, 12.0 million were for year-round use. 

Approximately 3.7 million of the year-round vacant units were for rent, 1.4 million were for sale only, and the 

remaining 6.9 million units were vacant for a variety of other reasons. 

 Table 3. Estimates of the Total Housing Inventory for the United States: 

 Second Quarter 2004 and 2005 

 (Estimates are in thousands and may not add to total, due to rounding) 

90-Percent 

Confidence Interval ( + ) a 

 

Type 

Second 

Quarter 

2004 

Second 

Quarter 

2005

of 2005 

estimate 

of

difference 

Percent of 

total 

(2005) 

 

 

All housing units............ 

 Occupied...................... 

 Owner........................ 

 Renter........................ 

 Vacant.......................... 

 Year-round................. 

 For rent................... 

 For sale only............ 

 Other....................... 

 Seasonal..................... 

122,002 

106,066 

73,449 

32,617 

15,936 

11,947 

3,775 

1,261 

6,911 

3,989 

123,732

107,850

73,974

33,876

15,882

11,970

3,720

1,370

6,880

 3,912

(X)

336

633

536

352

345

171

89

264

227

(X) 

 

307 

432 

412 

314 

298 

192 

110 

234 

 200 

100

87

60

27

13

10

3

1

6

3

 aA 90-percent confidence interval is a measure of an estimate’s reliability. The larger the confidence interval is, in relation to the 

 size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. For more information, see page 10. 

 (X) Not Applicable. Since the number of housing units is set equal to an independent national measure, there is no sampling

 error, and hence no confidence interval. 

 NOTE: Since first quarter 2003, the Current Population Survey/Housing Vacancy Survey (CPS/HVS) estimates have been controlled to 

 independent housing unit counts. Doing so should make the CPS/HVS estimates of housing units more comparable to other 

 Census Bureau housing surveys. Please see page 10 for additional information. 
4

The homeownership rate (68.6 percent) for the current quarter was lower than the second 

quarter 2004 rate (69.2 percent) and the rate last quarter (69.1 percent). 

Table 4. Homeownership Rates for the United States: 1980 to 2005 (in percent) 

 

Year Homeownership Ratesa

First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

 ↓ 

2005................................ 

2004................................ 

2003................................ 

2002b............................... 

2002................................ 

2001................................ 

2000.......................................... 

1999.......................................... 

1998.......................................... 

1997.......................................... 

1996.......................................... 

1995.......................................... 

1994.......................................... 

1993b......................................... 

1993.......................................... 

1992.......................................... 

1991.......................................... 

1990.......................................... 

1989c

......................................... 

1989......................................... 

1988......................................... 

1987......................................... 

1986......................................... 

1985......................................... 

1984......................................... 

1983......................................... 

1982......................................... 

1981......................................... 

1980......................................... 

69.1 

68.6 

68.0 

67.8 

67.8 

67.5 

67.1 

66.7 

65.9 

65.4 

65.1 

64.2 

63.8 

63.7 

64.2 

64.0 

63.9 

64.0 

63.9 

63.9 

63.7 

63.8 

63.6 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.8 

65.6 

65.5 

 68.6 

 69.2 

68.0 

67.6 

67.6 

67.7 

67.2 

66.6 

66.0 

 65.7 

65.4 

64.7 

63.8 

63.9 

64.4 

63.9 

63.9 

63.7 

63.8 

63.9 

63.7 

63.8 

63.8 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.9 

65.3 

65.5 

69.0 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

68.1 

67.7 

67.0 

66.8 

66.0 

65.6 

65.0 

64.1 

64.2 

64.7 

64.3 

64.2 

64.0 

64.1 

64.0 

64.0 

64.2 

63.8 

63.9 

64.6 

64.8 

64.9 

65.6 

65.8 

69.2 

68.6 

68.3 

68.3 

68.0 

67.5 

66.9 

66.4 

65.7 

65.4 

65.1 

64.2 

64.2 

64.6 

64.4 

64.2 

64.1 

63.8 

63.8 

63.8 

64.1 

63.9 

63.5 

64.1 

64.4 

64.5 

65.2 

65.5 a

Standard errors for quarterly homeownership rates for the United States generally are 0.3 percent. bRevised in 2002 to incorporate information collected in Census 2000, and in 1993 to reflect the results of the 1990 decennial census. 

 c

Revised to reflect edit changes implemented in 1990. 
5

Table 4SA shows the seasonally adjusted homeownership rates for the United States from 1980 

to the present. (Research has shown that seasonality for homeownership rates is present.) When adjusted for 

seasonality, the current homeownership rate at 68.8 percent was lower than 69.4 percent shown a year ago, 

and also lower than the rate last quarter, 69.2 percent. 

Table 4SA. Homeownership Rates for the United States: 1980 to 2005

 Seasonally Adjusted (in percent) 

 Year Homeownership Ratesa

 (Seasonally Adjusted) 

 First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

 ↓ 

2005................................. 

2004................................. 

2003................................. 

2002b

................................ 

2001................................ 

2000.......................................... 

1999.......................................... 

1998.......................................... 

1997.......................................... 

1996.......................................... 

1995.......................................... 

1994.......................................... 

1993b

.........................................

1992.......................................... 

1991.......................................... 

1990.......................................... 

1989c

.........................................

1988......................................... 

1987......................................... 

1986......................................... 

1985......................................... 

1984......................................... 

1983......................................... 

1982......................................... 

1981......................................... 

1980......................................... 

69.2 

68.7 

68.1

67.9 

 67.6 

 67.2 

66.8 

66.0

65.5 

65.2 

64.4 

64.0 

63.8 

64.1 

64.0 

64.1 

64.0

63.8 

63.9 

63.7 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.8 

65.6 

65.5 

 68.8 

 

 69.4d 

68.2 d 

67.8 d 

67.8 

67.3 

66.7 

66.1 

65.8 

65.4 

64.8 

63.9 

64.0

 64.0 

64.1 

63.9 

63.9

63.8 

63.9 

63.8 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.9 

65.4 

65.6 

68.9 

68.3 

67.9 

67.9 

67.5 

66.8 

66.6 

65.8 

65.4 

64.8 

63.9 

64.0

 64.1 

64.0 

63.8 

63.9

63.9 

64.1 

63.7 

63.8 

64.5 

64.6 

64.7 

65.4 

65.6 

69.1 

68.5 

68.2 

67.9 

67.5 

66.9 

66.4

65.7 

65.4 

65.1 

 

64.1 

64.1

 64.3 

 64.1 

64.0 

63.7 

63.8 

64.1 

63.9 

63.6 

64.2 

64.5 

64.6 

65.3 

65.6 aStandard errors for quarterly homeownership rates for the United States generally are 0.3 percent. 

 bRevised in 2002 to incorporate information collected in Census 2000, and in 1993 to reflect the results of the 1990 decennial census. 

 c

Revised to reflect edit changes implemented in 1990. 

 d

Revised as a result of seasonality computation for this quarter. 
6

The homeownership rates by region were highest in the Midwest (73.4 percent) during the second 

quarter 2005. The South (70.4 percent) ranked second, while the Northeast (64.7 percent) and the 

West (63.8 percent) were not different from each other. When compared with their respective rates a year 

ago, the homeownership rate for the Midwest was lower, while rates for the Northeast, South, and 

West were not different. 

 

 Table 5. Homeownership Rates for the United States and Regions: 2001 to 2005 (in percent) 

 Homeownership Ratesa

 Year/Quarter 

United 

States Northeast Midwest South West 

2005 

Second Quarter........... 

First Quarter.............. 

2004 

Fourth Quarter............ 

Third Quarter............. 

Second Quarter........... 

First Quarter............... 

2003 

Fourth Quarter............ 

Third Quarter............. 

Second Quarter........... 

First Quarter.............. 

2002b

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2002 

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2001 

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

68.6 

69.1 

69.2 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.0 

68.1 

67.7 

67.5 

64.7 

65.4 

65.2 

64.4 

65.4 

65.1 

64.7 

64.4 

64.2 

64.2 

64.8 

64.6 

63.8 

63.8 

64.9 

64.7 

63.9 

63.9 

64.0 

64.1 

63.2 

63.6 

73.4 

73.1 

73.7 

73.8 

74.2 

73.5 

73.5 

73.5 

72.8 

72.9 

73.3 

73.2 

72.8 

73.2 

73.3 

73.2 

72.8 

73.1 

73.5 

72.9 

72.7 

73.2 

70.4 

71.1 

71.5 

71.0 

70.9 

70.3 

70.5 

70.0 

69.9 

69.9 

70.3 

69.5 

69.3 

69.8 

70.3 

69.5 

69.3 

69.9 

70.1 

70.1 

69.7 

69.3 

63.8 

64.9 

63.9 

64.7 

64.5 

63.7 

63.8 

63.8 

63.2 

62.8 

62.5 

62.7 

62.4 

62.1 

62.6 

62.8 

62.4 

62.2 

62.3 

63.1 

62.9 

62.0 a

Standard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by region generally are 0.5 percent. 

 bRevised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 

 
7

For second quarter 2005, the homeownership rates by age of householder ranged from 42.8 percent 

for those under 35 years of age to 81.3 percent for those in the 55 to 64 category. The rates for householders 

55 to 64 and those 65 years and over were lower than a year ago respectively, while rates for the other age groups 

were not different from their corresponding rates last year. 

Table 6. Homeownership Rates by Age of Householder: 2001 to 2005 (in percent) 

 Year/Quarter Homeownership Ratesa

 

United 

States 

Under 

35 years 

35 to 44 

years 

45 to 54 

years 

55 to 64 

years 

65 years 

and over 

2005 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter....... 

2004 

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter........ 

2003 

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter........ 

2002b

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter....... 

2002 

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter....... 

2001 

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter....... 

68.6 

69.1 

69.2 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.3 

68.0 

 67.6 

 67.8 

 68.0 

 68.1 

 67.7 

 67.5 

42.8 

43.3 

43.3 

43.1 

43.6 

42.3 

42.7 

42.5 

41.9 

41.7 

 

42.0 

41.5 

40.8 

41.0 

42.0 

41.4 

40.8 

 41.0 

 42.2 

 41.6 

 40.8 

 40.4 

68.7 

70.1 

70.0 

68.6 

69.4 

68.8 

69.0 

68.8 

67.8 

67.8 

69.0 

68.6 

68.2 

68.6 

69.0 

68.6 

68.3 

68.6 

68.2 

68.6 

68.1 

68.1 

76.3 

76.5 

77.4 

77.4 

77.0 

77.0 

77.2 

76.5 

76.3 

76.5 

 

76.4 

76.4 

76.3 

76.0 

76.4 

76.4 

 76.3 

 76.0 

 76.2 

 77.1 

 77.2 

 76.5 

81.3 

81.8 

81.6 

81.2 

82.4 

81.7 

81.3 

81.1 

81.6 

81.4 

81.5 

81.3 

80.8 

80.9 

81.5 

81.3 

80.7 

80.8 

81.4 

81.6 

81.5 

80.8 

80.3 

80.8 

80.5 

81.8 

81.1 

80.7 

80.8 

80.7 

80.2 

80.2 

 

80.8 

80.4 

80.1 

80.9 

80.8 

80.4 

 80.1 

 80.9 

 80.7 

 80.3 

 79.7 

 80.7 

 a

Standard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by age of householder generally are 0.5 percent. 

 bRevised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 
8

For the racial categories shown below, the homeownership rate for non-Hispanic White householders 

reporting a single race (75.6 percent) was highest, while single-race Black householders (48.0 percent) had the 

lowest rate in the current quarter. The respective rates for non-Hispanic White single-race householders and singlerace Black householders were lower than last year, while All Other Races householders (58.0 percent) was not 

different from those shown last year. The rate for Hispanic householders (who can be of any race) at 49.2 percent 

was higher than a year ago. 

Table 7. Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity of Householder: 2002 to 2005 (in percent) 

Year/Quarter Homeownership Ratesa

 U.S. Non-Hispanic 

White alone 

Black 

Alone 

All 

Other 

Racesc

Hispanic 

(of any race) 

75.6 

76.0 

76.2 

76.1 

76.2 

75.5 

75.5 

75.7 

75.2 

75.0 

 

 48.0 b

 48.8

 

49.1

48.4 

49.7 

49.3 

 49.4 

48.0 

47.3 

47.7 

58.0 

59.4 

58.9 

58.6 

58.7 

58.2 

56.6*

56.2*

55.3*

55.7 

NonHispanic 

White 

Black Other Racesd 

68.6 

69.1 

69.2 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

 

 

49.2 

49.7 

48.9 

48.7 

47.4 

47.3 

47.7 

46.1 

46.2 

46.7 

2005 

Second Quarter...... 

First Quarter......... 

2004 

Fourth Quarter...... 

Third Quarter........ 

Second Quarter...... 

First Quarter......... 

2003 

Fourth Quarter...... 

Third Quarter....... 

Second Quarter..... 

First Quarter........ 

2002e 

Fourth Quarter...... 

Third Quarter....... 

Second Quarter..... 

First Quarter......... 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

75.0 

74.9 

74.5 

74.6 

47.7 

47.3 

46.5 

48.2 

55.2 

54.0 

55.3 

53.5 

48.3 

47.1 

46.1 

46.4 

 *Revised 4/22/04. aStandard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by race and ethnicity of householder generally are 0.3 percent for non-Hispanic White 

(single race) householders, 0.6 percent for Black (single race) householders, 0.8 percent for All Other Races householders, and 0.6 percent for 

Hispanic householders. 

 bThe homeownership rate for second quarter 2005 for householders who reported Black whether or not they reported any other race was 

47.8 percent, compared with a rate of 48.0 percent for those who reported only Black. c Includes people who reported Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or American Indian or Alaska Native regardless of whether 

they reported any other race, as well as all other combinations of two or more races. 

 d

Includes people who reported Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or American Indian or Alaska Native. eRevised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 

NOTE: Beginning in 2003, the question on race on the CPS was modified to comply with the revised standards for federal statistical agencies. 

 Respondents may now report more than one race, but small sample sizes preclude showing all race categories. The question on Hispanic 

 origin is asked separately, and is asked before the question on race. For further information on each major race group and the Two 

 or More Races populations, see reports from the Census 2000 Brief series (C2KBR/01), available on the Census 2000 Web site at 

 http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs.html.

 
9

In second quarter 2005, the homeownership rates for households with family incomes greater than or 

equal to the median family income (84.0 percent) and those with family incomes less than the median family 

income (52.7 percent), were not different from the corresponding rates reported last year. 

Table 8. Homeownership Rates by Family Income: 2001 to 2005 (in percent) 

Homeownership Ratesa

 

 Year/Quarter United States 

Households with family 

income greater than or 

equal to the median 

family incomeb

Households with family 

income less than the 

median family income 

2005 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter.............. 

2004 

Fourth Quarter.......... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2003 

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2002c

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2002 

Fourth Quarter.......... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter......... 

First Quarter............ 

2001 

Fourth Quarter......... 

Third Quarter........... 

Second Quarter......... 

First Quarter............ 

68.6 

69.1 

69.2 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

 68.0 

68.0 

 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.0 

68.1 

67.7 

67.5 

84.0 

84.5 

84.6 

84.0 

83.9 

83.8 

83.6 

83.7 

83.6 

83.3 

 

83.2 

83.0 

82.2 

82.0 

83.3 

 83.0 

 82.3 

 82.1 

82.2 

82.2 

82.0 

81.7 

52.7 

53.0 

52.5 

52.7 

53.1 

51.5 

52.1 

52.1 

51.6 

51.3 

52.4 

51.9 

51.5 

52.4 

52.4 

51.9 

51.5 

52.3 

53.0 

52.6 

51.7 

51.6 

 aStandard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by family income generally are 0.3 percent. bBased on families or primary individuals reporting income. cRevised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 
10

Note: This press release, along with more detailed data, is available on the Internet. Our Internet address 

is: www.census.gov/hhes/www/hvs.html

The estimates in this release are based on a sample survey and therefore are subject to both sampling 

and non-sampling error. Sampling error is a result of not surveying the entire population. Non-sampling error 

occurs because accurate information cannot always be obtained. 

 The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct a confidence interval. A confidence 

interval is a measure of an estimate’s reliability. The larger a confidence interval is in relation to the size of 

the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. For example, the standard error on the estimated rental vacancy 

rate of 9.8 percent is 0.2 percentage points. Then the 90-percent confidence interval is calculated as 

9.8 percent + (1.645 x 0.2), or 9.8 percent + 0.3, or from 9.5 percent to 10.1 percent. If all possible samples 

were surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and the same sample design, and an estimate 

calculated from each sample, then 90 percent of the estimates would fall within the 90 percent confidence 

interval, in this case, from 9.5 percent to 10.1 percent. 

 Beginning with first quarter 2003, population controls that reflect the results of Census 2000 are 

used in the CPS/HVS estimation process. As a final additional step in the process, the estimates are 

controlled to independent housing counts used for the first time in order to produce a more accurate estimate of 

housing units. This new procedure should make the CPS/HVS estimates of housing units more consistent with 

other Census Bureau housing surveys. The new housing controls affect the estimate of vacant units in the 

sense that the estimates of total occupied and vacant units sum to the new control total. Vacancy rates and 

homeownership rates are not affected by this change. 

The CPS/HVS also began computing first-stage factors (used for weighting purposes) based on 

year-round and seasonal counts of housing units from Census 2000 for the first quarter 2003. From 1980 to 

2002, the CPS/HVS first-stage factors were based on year-round estimates only. The effect on the data is 

slight and the change should improve the counts of year-round and seasonal units. For more information on the 

effects of these changes, please see Source and Accuracy Statement at www.census.gov/hhes/www/hvs.html. 

The question on race on the CPS was modified beginning in the first quarter 2003 to comply with 

new standards for federal statistical agencies. Respondents are now asked to report one or more 

races. The question on Hispanic origin is asked separately, and is asked before the question on race. 

First stage factors for year-round vacant units have been corrected as of the second quarter 2004. 

Research has shown that this correction had no significant effect on the vacancy rates or 

homeownership rates.