Exhibit 10.1




 


SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT


 


This Securities Purchase Agreement
(this “Agreement”) is dated as of October 6, 2022, between First Wave BioPharma, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and
assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”).


 


WHEREAS, subject to the terms
and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined below),
the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company,
securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.


 


NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION
of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which
are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:


 


ARTICLE I.

DEFINITIONS


 


1.1            Definitions.
In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings
set forth in this Section 1.1:


 


“Acquiring
Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.


 


“Action”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).


 


“Affiliate”
means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control
with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.


 


“Beneficial
Ownership Limitation” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.


 


“BHCA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(nn).


 


“Board
of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.


 


“Business
Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day
on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close; provided,
however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay
at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions
or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer
systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.


 






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“Closing”
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares and Warrants pursuant to Section 2.1.


 


“Closing
Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties
thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s
obligations to deliver the Shares and Warrants, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2nd)
Trading Day following the date hereof.


 


“Commission”
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.


 


“Common
Stock” means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.


 


“Common
Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.


 


“Common
Warrants” means, collectively, the Series E Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in
accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to
five (5) years, in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.


 


“Company
Counsel” means Lowenstein Sandler LLP, with offices at 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020.


 


“Disclosure
Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.


 


“Disclosure
Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City
time) and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately
following the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is
signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New
York City time) on the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.


 


“DVP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.


 


“Environmental
Laws” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).


 


“Evaluation
Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).


 






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“Exchange
Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Exempt
Issuance” means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents to employees, officers or directors
of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board
of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose (“Board Approval”)
for services rendered to the Company, (b) up to 500,000 shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents to consultants or advisors,
or to their designees, for bona fide services provided in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction,
or directly or indirectly promoting or maintaining a market for the Company’s securities; provided that such securities are issued
as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing
of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.11(a) herein, (c) warrants
to the Placement Agent or its designees in connection with the transactions pursuant to this Agreement and any securities upon exercise
of such warrants, (d) securities upon the exercise or exchange of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable
or exchangeable for shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not
been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price
or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities,
and (e) securities to banks, equipment lessors or other financial institutions, or to real property lessors, pursuant to a debt financing,
equipment lease financing, credit agreement, real property lease or other commercial transaction, provided that the primary purpose thereof
is not to raise equity capital, and subject to Board Approval.


 


“FCPA”
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.


 


“FDA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(ii).


 


“FDCA”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(ii).


 


“Federal
Reserve” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(nn).


 


“GAAP”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Haynes
and Boone” means Haynes and Boone, LLP, with offices at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, 26th Floor, New York, New York 10012.


 


“Hazardous
Materials” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).


 


“Indebtedness”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).


 


“Intellectual
Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).


 






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“IT Systems
and Data” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(kk).


 


“Liens”
means a lien, charge pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.


 


“Lock-Up
Agreement” means the Lock-Up Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and among the Company and the directors and officers,
in the form of Exhibit C attached hereto.


 


“Material
Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).


 


“Material
Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).


 


“Money
Laundering Laws” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(oo).


 


“OFAC”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(ll).


 


“Per Share
Purchase Price” equals $1.745, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations
and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date.


 


“Person”
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company,
joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.


 


“Pharmaceutical
Product” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(ii).


 


“Placement
Agent” means H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC.


 


“Pre-Funded
Warrants” means, collectively, the Pre-Funded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to one or more of the Purchasers at the
Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a)(v) hereof, which Pre-Funded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and shall expire
when exercised in full, in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto.


 


“Pre-Funded
Warrant Purchase Price” equals $0.001, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations
and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date.


 


“Pre-Settlement
Period” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.


 






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“Pre-Settlement
Shares” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1.


 


“Proceeding”
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.


 


“Preliminary
Prospectus” means any preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement, as originally filed or as part of any amendment
thereto, or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) of the rules and regulations of the Commission under the
Securities Act, including all information, documents and exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference into such preliminary prospectus.


 


“Pricing
Prospectus” means (i) the Preliminary Prospectus relating to the Securities that was included in the Registration Statement
immediately prior to 5:15 p.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, and (ii) any free writing prospectus (as defined in
the Securities Act) identified on Schedule A hereto, taken together.


 


“Prospectus”
means the final prospectus filed pursuant to the Registration Statement, including all information, documents and exhibits filed with
or incorporated by reference into such final prospectus.


 


“Purchaser
Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.


 


“Registration
Statement” means the effective registration statement on Form S-1 filed with Commission (File No. 333-267423), including
all information, documents and exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference into such registration statement, as amended from time
to time, which registers the sale of the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares to the Purchasers, and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement.


 


“Required
Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).


 


“Rule 144”
means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from
time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.


 


“Rule 424”
means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from
time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.


 


“Rule 462(b) Registration
Statement” means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Securities, which was filed with
the Commission on or prior to the time at which sales of the Shares and the Warrants were confirmed and became automatically effective
pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.


 






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“SEC Reports”
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).


 


“Securities”
means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.


 


“Securities
Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


 


“Shares”
means the shares of Common Stock purchased by the Purchasers pursuant to this Agreement.


 


“Short
Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not
be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).


 


“Subscription
Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for the Shares (and/or the Pre-Funded Warrants) and the
Common Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next
to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds (minus, if applicable, a
Purchaser’s aggregate exercise price of the Pre-Funded Warrants purchased by the Purchaser, which amounts shall be paid as and when
such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised).


 


“Subsidiary”
means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth in the SEC Reports and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary
of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.


 


“Trading
Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.


 


“Trading
Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock
Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).


 


“Transaction
Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Lock-Up Agreements, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any
other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.


 


“Transfer
Agent” means Colonial Stock Transfer Company, Inc.,
the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 66 Exchange Place, 1st Floor, Salt Lake City, Utah 84111, and any
successor transfer agent of the Company.


 


“Variable
Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.11(b).


 


“Warrants”
means, collectively, the Common Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants.


 


“Warrant
Shares” means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.


 






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ARTICLE II.

PURCHASE AND SALE


 


2.1            Closing.
On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally
and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $[ ] of Shares and Warrants; provided, however, that, to
the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser’s Affiliates,
and any Person acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess
of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, in lieu of purchasing Shares, such Purchaser may elect to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants at the
Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price in lieu of Shares in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such Purchaser
to the Company. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, at the election of the Purchaser at Closing,
9.99%) of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the
Closing Date. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall
be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) settlement with the Company or its designee. The
Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares (and/or the Pre-Funded Warrants) and Common Warrants as determined pursuant
to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at
the Closing. Upon satisfaction (or waiver) of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur
at the offices of Haynes and Boone or such other location (including remotely by electronic transmission) as the parties shall mutually
agree. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via DVP (i.e., on the Closing Date, the
Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to
the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly
electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing
firm) by wire transfer to the Company). Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution
and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing
(the “Pre-Settlement Period”), if such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of any Common Stock to be
issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the “Pre-Settlement Shares”), such Purchaser shall,
automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound
to purchase, and the Company shall be deemed unconditionally bound to sell, such Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser at the Closing;
provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s receipt
of the Subscription Amount for such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; provided, further, that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees
that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not such Purchaser will elect to
sell any Pre-Settlement Shares during the Pre-Settlement Period. The decision to sell any shares of Common Stock will be made in the sole
discretion of such Purchaser from time to time, including during the Pre-Settlement Period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect
to any Notice(s) of Exercise (as defined in the Warrants) delivered on or prior to 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Trading
Day prior to the Closing Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company
agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Closing Date, provided
that payment of the aggregate exercise price is received by such Closing Date.


 






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2.2            Deliveries.


 


(a)            On
or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:


 


(i)              this
Agreement duly executed by the Company;


 


(ii)            a
legal opinion of Company Counsel, directed to the Placement Agent and the Purchasers, in a form and substance reasonably acceptable to
the Placement Agent and the Purchasers;


 


(iii)            subject
to the eighth sentence of Section 2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company’s wire instructions,
on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer;


 


(iv)            subject
to the eighth sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent
to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”)
Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;


 


(v)            for
each Purchaser of Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to Section 2.1, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase
up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the portion of such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount applicable to the Pre-Funded
Warrants divided by the Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price;


 


(vi)            a
Common Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of such Purchaser’s
Shares (including, for this purpose, shares issuable upon the exercise of any Pre-Funded Warrants purchased by such Purchaser);


 


(vii)            the
Lock-Up Agreements; and


 


(viii)            the
Prospectus (which will be deemed to be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).


 


(b)            On
or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:


 


(i)            this
Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and


 


(ii)            such
Purchaser’s Subscription Amount which shall be made available for DVP settlement with the Company or its designee.


 






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2.3            Closing
Conditions.


 


(a)            The
obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:


 


(i)            the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect,
in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as
of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);


 


(ii)            all
obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
and


 


(iii)            the
delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.


 


(b)            The
respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:


 


(i)            the
accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect,
in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of
a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);


 


(ii)            all
obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;


 


(iii)            the
delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;


 


(iv)            there
shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and


 


(v)            from
the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s
principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall
not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such
service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities
nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude
in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser,
makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.


 






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ARTICLE III.

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES


 


3.1            Representations
and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part
hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section
of the Disclosure Schedules, or as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties
to the Purchasers:


 


(a)            Subsidiaries.
All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the Disclosure Schedules. The Company owns, directly or indirectly,
all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding
shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights
to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in
the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.


 


(b)            Organization
and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing
and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to
own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in
violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational
or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign
corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification
necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, would not have or reasonably be expected
to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a
material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company
and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material
respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse
Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke,
limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.


 


(c)            Authorization;
Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power to enter into and to consummate the sale and issuance of the Shares and
Warrants to the Purchasers in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and otherwise to perform its obligations under this Agreement
each of the other Transaction Documents in accordance with their express terms. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each
of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the issuance and sale of the Shares and Warrants in accordance with the terms hereof
and the issuance of the Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms of the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary
action on the part of the Company and no further authorization or approval is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s
stockholders in connection with the performance by the Company of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the other Transaction
Documents other than the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon
delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute
the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited
by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application
affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance,
injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by
applicable law.


 






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(d)            No
Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it
is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do
not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles
of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event
that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties
or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments,
acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument
(evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by
which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict
with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental
authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any
property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such
as would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(e)            Filings,
Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to,
or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection
with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant
to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) filings with the Commission of the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, (iii) the
notice and/or application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the issuance and sale of the Securities and the listing of the
Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby and (iv) such filings as are required to be
made under applicable state securities laws and/or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (collectively, the “Required
Approvals”).


 






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(f)            Issuance
of the Securities; Registration. The Shares and the Warrant Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance
with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens
imposed by the Company. When paid for and issued in accordance with this Agreement, the Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations
of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited
by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and subject to general principles
of equity. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant
to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements
of the Securities Act, which became effective on October 6, 2022, including the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus, and such
amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Company was at the time of the filing
of the Registration Statement eligible to use Form S-1. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop
order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of each of the Pricing
Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge
of the Company, are threatened in writing by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission,
shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments
thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto
conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading; and the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Pricing Prospectus
or the Prospectus, as applicable, or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform
in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which
they were made, not misleading.


 


(g)            Capitalization.
The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g). The Company has not issued any capital
stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options
under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee
stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most
recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, and sales of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the At The Market Offering Agreement,
dated May 26, 2021, between the Company and the Placement Agent as sales agent. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive
right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except
as a result of the purchase and sale of the Securities or as set forth in Schedule 3.1(g), there are no outstanding options, warrants,
scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible
into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the
capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or
may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. Except as
set forth in Schedule 3.1(g), the issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue
shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). Except as set forth in Schedule 3.1(g), there
are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion,
exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding
securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts,
commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the
Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements
or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully
paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares
was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization
of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders
agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a
party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.


 






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(h)            SEC
Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be
filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof,
for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material)
(the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Pricing Prospectus
and the Prospectus, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a
valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective
dates, or to the extent corrected or modified by a subsequent amendment, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements
of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of
a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein,
in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under
the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable
accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing (or
to the extent corrected or modified by a subsequent amendment). Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United
States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”),
except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements
may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and
its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended,
subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.


 






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(i)            Material
Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within
the SEC Reports, except as set forth in the SEC Reports or on Schedule 3.1(i), (i) there has been no event, occurrence or
development that has had or that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred
any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business
consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant
to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the
Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or
made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities
to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before
the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement
or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no material event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or
exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects,
properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities
laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one (1) Trading Day prior
to the date that this representation is made.


 


(j)            Litigation.
Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports or on Schedule 3.1(j), there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding
or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their
respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state,
county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality,
validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) would, if there were an unfavorable decision,
have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer
(in his or her capacity as such) thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under
federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there
is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer
(in his or her capacity as such) of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness
of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.


 






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(k)            Labor
Relations. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company,
which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees
is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships
with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary is, or is now expected
to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement
or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued
employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any
of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and
regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the
failure to be in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(l)            Compliance.
Except as disclosed on the SEC Reports or on Schedule 3.1(l), neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under
or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default
by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under
or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or
by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of
any judgment, decree, or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any
statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local
laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor
matters, except in each case as would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(m)            Environmental
Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution
or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata),
including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or
hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to
the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as
all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits,
plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received
all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and
(iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and
(iii), the failure to so comply would be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.


 






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(n)            Regulatory
Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal,
state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except
where the failure to possess such permits would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material
Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification
of any Material Permit.


 


(o)            Title
to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good
and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each
case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially
interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries, and (ii) Liens for the
payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and the payment
of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries
are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.


 


(p)            Intellectual
Property. To the knowledge of the Company, the Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications,
trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual
property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC
Reports and which the failure to so have would have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”).
None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a written notice that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired,
terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement
for which the expiration, termination or abandonment could have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has
received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise
has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as would not have or
reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are
enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries
have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except
where failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.


 


(q)            Insurance.
The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such
amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited
to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary
has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain
similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.


 






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(r)            Transactions
With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports or on Schedule 3.1(r), none of the officers or directors
of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently
a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including
any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal
property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer,
director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial
interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment
of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other
employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.


 


(s)            Sarbanes-Oxley;
Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with any and all applicable
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, and any
and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as
of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable
assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability,
(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the
recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect
to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and
15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required
to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported,
within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by
the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented
in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of
the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been
no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries
that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company
and its Subsidiaries.


 






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(t)            Certain
Fees. Except as set forth in the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, including compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection
with the placement of the Shares and the Warrants, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company
or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with
respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees
or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due
in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.


 


(u)            Investment
Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be
or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company
shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.


 


(v)            Registration
Rights. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports or on Schedule 3.1(v), no Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary
to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.


 


(w)            Listing
and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act,
and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration
of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports or on Schedule 3.1(w), has the Company received
any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports or on Schedule
3.1(w), the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common
Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements
of such Trading Market. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports or on Schedule 3.1(w), the Company is, and has no reason to believe
that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common
Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and
the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection
with such electronic transfer.


 


(x)            Application
of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable
any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar
anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state
of incorporation that is or would become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations
or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of
the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.


 






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(y)            Disclosure.
Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms
that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information
that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus
or the Prospectus. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions
in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and
its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement,
is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order
to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges
and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby
other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.


 


(z)            No
Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2,
neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers
or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities
to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market
on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.


 


(aa)     Indebtedness.
Schedule 3.1(aa) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary,
or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means
(x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $100,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary
course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether
or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties
by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the
present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.


 


(bb)     Tax
Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and
all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has
paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns,
reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes
for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material
amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no
basis for any such claim.


 






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(cc)     Foreign
Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other
person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions,
gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment
to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds,
(iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf
of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.


 


(dd)     Accountants.
The Company’s accounting firm is set forth in the SEC Reports. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm
is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and such accounting firm or another accounting firm that is subject
to oversight by the Public Company Accounting Board shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included
in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022.


 


(ee)     No
Disagreements with Accountants and Lawyers.     There are no disagreements
of any kind presently existing, or reasonably anticipated by the Company to arise, between the Company and the accountants and lawyers
formerly or presently employed by the Company and the Company is current with respect to any fees owed to its accountants and lawyers
which could affect the Company’s ability to perform any of its obligations under any of the Transaction Documents.


 


(ff)     Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely
in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby.
The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity)
with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their
respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely
incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s
decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions
contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.


 


(gg)     Acknowledgment
Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except
for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.13 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has
been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities
of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified
term, (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales
or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively
impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities, (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative”
transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the
Common Stock and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party
in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that
(y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding,
including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being
determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders' equity interests in the
Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.  The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned
hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.


 






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(hh)     Regulation
M Compliance.  The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly,
any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate
the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of,
any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other
securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection
with the placement of the Securities.


 


(ii)            FDA.
As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) under the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (“FDCA”) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled,
tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a “Pharmaceutical Product”),
such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance
with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations, except where the failure to be in compliance
would not have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including
any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication
from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or
any of its Subsidiaries, (ii) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) enters or
proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) otherwise alleges
any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the
aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted
in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA.  The Company has not been
informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be
developed, produced or marketed by the Company


 






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(jj)       Stock
Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance
with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of
the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under
the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company
policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the
release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.


 


(kk)     Cybersecurity. 
(i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s
information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees,
suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, “IT Systems
and Data”) which has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (y) the Company and the
Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in,
any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data which has had or could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments,
orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual
obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized
use, access, misappropriation or modification, except for such noncompliance as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained safeguards the Company believes to be commercially
reasonable to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security
of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology which
the Company believes is appropriate for the size and scope of the operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries.


 


(ll)        Office
of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee
or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets
Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).


 


(mm)     U.S.
Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning
of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon a Purchaser’s request.


 






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(nn)     Bank
Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956,
as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal
Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent
(5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a
bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and
to regulation by the Federal Reserve.


 


(oo)            Money
Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable
financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable
money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”),
and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or
any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.


 


3.2            Representations
and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the
date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate
as of such date):


 


(a)            Organization;
Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing
under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company
or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise
to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such
Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership,
limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a
party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute
the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited
by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application
affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance,
injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by
applicable law.


 


(b)            Understandings
or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement
or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty
not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with
applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.


 






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(c)            Purchaser
Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which
it exercises any Warrants, it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2),
(a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under
the Securities Act.


 


(d)            Experience
of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience
in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities,
and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the
Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.


 


(e)            Access
to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits
and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports (including any risk factors disclosed in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus) and has
been afforded (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives
of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities;
(ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management
and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information
that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision
with respect to the investment.  Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the
Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice
necessary or desired.  Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the
quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company
which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it.  In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither
the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.


 


(f)            Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has
any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or
sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first
received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms
of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the
case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s
assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions
of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by
the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons
party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners,
legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made
to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for
the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect
to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 






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The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations
contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations
and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other
document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated
hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty,
or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.


 


ARTICLE IV.

OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES


 


4.1            Warrant
Shares. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance
or resale of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise
shall be issued free of all legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration
statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale or resale
of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall immediately notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is
not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available
for the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company
to issue, or any Purchaser to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). The Company
shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep a registration statement (including the Registration Statement) registering the
issuance or resale of the Warrant Shares effective during the term of the Warrants.


 


4.2            Furnishing
of Information; Public Information.


 


(a)            Until
the earlier of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely
file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company
after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange
Act.


 






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4.3            Integration.
Except as set forth on Schedule 4.3, the Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate
in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the
Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior
to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.


 


4.4            Securities
Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release or file a Current Report on Form 8-K
disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including
the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance
of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information
delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees
or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such
press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether
written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates,
on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates, on the other hand, shall terminate and be of no further force or
effect. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions
in securities of the Company. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect
to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make
any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the
prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or
delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with
prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name
of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without
the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final
Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations,
in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b).


 


4.5            Stockholder
Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser
is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution
under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser
could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents
or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.


 






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4.6            Non-Public
Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents,
which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on
its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes
constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented to the receipt of such information
and agreed with the Company to keep such information confidential. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying
on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries,
or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents, delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without
such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality
to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to
the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the
basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that
any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company
or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.
The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities
of the Company.


 


4.7            Use
of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares and Warrants hereunder as set forth in the section
entitled “Use of Proceeds” in the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus.


 


4.8            Indemnification
of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors,
officers, stockholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person
holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning
of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, stockholders, agents,
members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding
a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any
and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in
settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur
as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company
in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity,
or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with
respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach
of such Purchaser Party’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings
such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws
or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct).
If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such
Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with
counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate
counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of
such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing,
(ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such
action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and
the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than
one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a
Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to
the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any
of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction
Documents. The indemnification required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course
of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in
addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company
may be subject to pursuant to law.


 






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4.9            Reservation
of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all
times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue the Shares
pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.


 


4.10            Listing
of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common
Stock on a Trading Market, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant Shares
on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing or quotation of all of the Shares and the Warrant Shares on such Trading Market.
The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded or quoted on any other Trading Market, it will then
include in such application all of the Shares and the Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of
the Shares and the Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take
all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects
with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees
to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing
corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing
corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.


 


4.11            Subsequent
Equity Sales.


 


(a)            From
the date hereof until sixty (60) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i) issue, enter into
any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (ii) file
any registration statement or amendment or supplement thereto other than the Registration Statement filed pursuant to this Agreement,
or a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with any employee benefit plan.


 






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(b)            From
the date hereof until one (1) year following the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an
agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination
of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the
Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include
the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other
price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the
initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being
reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent
events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects
a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit, whereby the Company may issue securities
at a future determined price. The Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance,
which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages. Notwithstanding the foregoing, following six (6) months after
the Closing Date, the Company shall be entitled to enter into and effect sales of shares of Common Stock under an “at-the-market”
offering facility with the Placement Agent as sales agent.


 


(c)            Notwithstanding
the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall
be an Exempt Issuance.


 


4.12            Equal
Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of this Agreement) shall be offered or paid to any Person to
amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered to all of
the parties to this Agreement. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the
Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not
in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities
or otherwise.


 


4.13            Certain
Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it,
nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales,
of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that
the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. 
Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser
will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary,
the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it
will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement
are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted
or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and
after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release
as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities
of the Company to the Company or its Subsidiaries after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio
managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment
decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall
only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities
covered by this Agreement.


 






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4.14            Acknowledgment
of Dilution. The Company acknowledges that the issuance of the Securities may result in dilution of the outstanding shares of Common
Stock, which dilution may be substantial under certain market conditions. The Company further acknowledges that its obligations under
the Transaction Documents, including, without limitation, its obligation to issue the Shares and Warrant Shares pursuant to the Transaction
Documents, are unconditional and absolute and not subject to any right of set off, counterclaim, delay or reduction, regardless of the
effect of any such dilution or any claim the Company may have against any Purchaser and regardless of the dilutive effect that such issuance
may have on the ownership of the other stockholders of the Company.


 


4.15            Exercise
Procedures. The forms of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers
in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers
to exercise their Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall
any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the
Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions
and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.


 


4.16            Lock-Up
Agreements. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements except to extend
the term of the lock-up period absent the prior written consent of the Placement Agent and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up
Agreement in accordance with its terms. If any party to a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company
shall promptly use its commercially reasonable efforts to seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.


 


ARTICLE V.

MISCELLANEOUS


 


5.1            Termination. 
This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever
on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated
on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that no such termination
will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).


 






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5.2            Fees
and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses
of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation,
preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without
limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered
by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.


 


5.3            Entire
Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus,
contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements
and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents,
exhibits and schedules.


 


5.4            Notices.
Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall
be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via
email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York
City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day
or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date
of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such
notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached
hereto. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains material, non-public information
regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a
Current Report on Form 8-K.


 


5.5            Amendments;
Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in
the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants
based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver,
by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately
and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of at least 50.1% in interest (based on the initial Subscription
Amounts hereunder) of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default
with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a
waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission
of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that
disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and
obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected
in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.


 






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5.6            Headings.
The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any
of the provisions hereof.


 


5.7            Successors
and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.
The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other
than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or
transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by
the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”


 


5.8            No
Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company
in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for the benefit
of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof
be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.


 


5.9            Governing
Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed
by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts
of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates,
directors, officers, stockholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts
sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting
in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction
contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably
waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such
court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives
personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered
or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this
Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein
shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action
or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8,
the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’
fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.


 






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5.10            Survival.
The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.


 


5.11            Execution.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement
and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that
the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf”
format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature
is executed) with the same force and effect as if such “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.


 


5.12            Severability.
If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal,
void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force
and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts
to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision,
covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining
terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.


 


5.13            Rescission
and Withdrawal Right. To the fullest extent permitted by law, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting
any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option
under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then
such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice,
demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that, in the
case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock subject
to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company
for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant
(including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).


 


5.14            Replacement
of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall
issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of
and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of
such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable
third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.


 


5.15            Remedies.
In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers
and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may
not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby
agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would
be adequate.


 






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5.16            Payment
Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser
enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part
thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required
to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without
limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration
the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such
payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.


 


5.17            Independent
Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and
not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance
of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document,
and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association,
a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group
with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently
protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction
Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose.
Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For
reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through
Haynes and Boone. Haynes and Boone does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company has elected
to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required
or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement
and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers
collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.


 


5.18            Liquidated
Damages.  The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction
Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts
have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts
are due and payable shall have been canceled.


 


5.19     Saturdays,
Sundays, Holidays, etc.     If the last or appointed day for
the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be
taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.


 






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5.20            Construction.
The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents
and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party
shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference
to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits,
stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.


 


5.21            WAIVER
OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES
EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY
AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.


 


(Signature Pages Follow)


 






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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties
hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first
indicated above.


 


	First Wave BioPharma, Inc.    	 	Address for Notice:
	 	 	 
	By:	                                	 	Email: 
	 	Name:	 	Fax:
	 	Title:	 	 
	With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):	 	 



 


[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK


SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]


 






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[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO FWBI
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]


 


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned
have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated
above.


 


	Name of Purchaser: 	 



 


	Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser:	 



 


	Name of Authorized Signatory: 	 



 


	Title of Authorized Signatory: 	 



 


	Email Address of Authorized Signatory: 	 








 


Address for Notice to Purchaser:


 


Address for Delivery of Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address
for notice):


 


Subscription Amount: $_________________


 


Shares: _________________


 


Pre-Funded Warrant Shares: _______________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker
 ̈ 4.99% or  ̈ 9.99%


 


Common Warrant Shares: ______________ Beneficial Ownership Blocker
 ̈ 4.99% or  ̈ 9.99%


 


EIN Number: _______________________


 


 ̈
Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed
to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the
Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the
Closing shall occur by the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated
by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed
of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead
be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate
or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.


 


[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]


 






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