# Patent

## Title
Wide band infrared camera lens systems

## Abstract

A drive apparatus for a zoom lens barrel having at least two movable zooming lens groups which are moved upon zooming, comprising: two lens frames which support the movable zooming lens groups, two cam pins integral with the lens frames and extending in the same direction, two parallel rotatable drive plates which are provided with cam grooves in which the cam pins are fitted, and two drive units which drive the respective drive plates upon zooming. The cam profile of the cam grooves of the drive plates is such that the movable zooming lens groups are moved in predetermined directions by the rotation of the drive plates during zooming.

## Background
1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a drive apparatus for a zoom lens barrel.

2. Description of the Related Art

A zoom lens is generally composed of at least two movable zooming lens groups which are moved in predetermined directions upon zooming. In a classic drive mechanism therefor, the movable zooming lens groups are moved along tracks defined by cam grooves formed on a cam ring so as not to cause the focal shift. This drive mechanism has been widely used in a single lens reflex camera in which no focal shift during zooming is permitted. Alternatively, in a drive mechanism used for a compact camera or digital camera in which the lens must be precisely focused upon shutter releasing, the zooming lens groups are moved while permitting the focal shift during zooming, and the zooming lens groups are moved to the in-focus position upon shutter releasing, in accordance with set focal length data and object distance data. In the drive mechanism for the compact camera or digital camera, two separate drive units are provided for the two movable zooming lens groups wherein the positions of the zooming lens groups is detected and represented by digital data. The "zooming" referred to in this specification includes two modes, i.e., the first mode in which the zooming lens groups are moved so as not to cause the focal shift and the second mode in which the zooming lens groups are moved permitting the focal shift. As a matter of course, it is possible to move the movable zooming lens groups so as not to cause the focal shift in the drive mechanism for the second mode.

The second type of drive mechanism for a zoom lens barrel in which the drive unit is provided for each of the two movable zooming lens groups is larger and more complex than the first type of drive mechanism in which the two movable zooming lens groups are moved by a single cam ring.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and small drive mechanism for a zoom lens barrel in which separate drive units are provided for at least two movable zooming lens groups.

To achieve the object mentioned above, according to the present invention, there is provided a drive apparatus for a zoom lens barrel having at least two movable zooming lens groups which are moved upon zooming, comprising two lens frames which support the movable zooming lens groups, two cam pins integral with the lens frames and extending in the same direction, two parallel rotatable drive plates which are provided with cam grooves in which the cam pins are fitted, and two drive units which drive the respective drive plates upon zooming. The cam profile of the cam grooves of the drive plates is such that the movable zooming lens groups are moved in predetermined directions by the rotation of the drive plates during zooming.

To make the drive apparatus smaller, the drive plates are preferably pivoted on the same shaft. In an embodiment, the drive units rotate the two drive plates always in opposite directions, so that the space necessary for the rotation of the drive plates can be reduced, thus resulting in a miniaturization of the drive apparatus. In particular, if the zoom lens system is a lens system in which at least two movable zooming lens groups are moved in opposite directions upon zooming, the cam profile of the cam grooves of the drive plates is preferably such that the movable zooming lens groups are moved in opposite directions by the rotation of the drive plates in opposite directions. Preferably, the two drive plates are coaxially pivoted on the same shaft.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a drive apparatus for a zoom lens barrel having at least two movable zooming lens groups which are moved always in opposite directions upon zooming, comprising two parallel rotatable drive plates which are provided with cam grooves for moving the two movable zooming lens groups, cam profiles of the cam grooves of the drive plates being such that the movable zooming lens groups are moved in opposite directions by the rotation of the two drive plates in opposite directions, and two drive units which drive the respective drive plates in opposite directions upon zooming. Preferably, the two drive plates are coaxially pivoted on the same shaft.

The present disclosure relates to subject matter contained in Japanese Patent Application No.8-329890 (filed on Dec. 10, 1996) which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which;

FIG. 1 is a left side view of a zoom lens barrel in which the casing is sectioned;

FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV--IV in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a left side view of a lens barrel body before a lens drive unit is incorporated;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 5 at a telephoto extremity;

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG. 5 at a wide-angle extremity;

FIG. 8 is an end view viewed from the direction indicated by an arrow VIII in FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view of FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a lens drive unit;

FIG. 11 is an end view viewed from the direction indicated by an arrow XI in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is an end view viewed from the direction indicated by an arrow XII in FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along the line XIII--XIII in FIG. 10;

FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of a diaphragm drive unit in a full-open aperture position;

FIG. 15 is a front elevational view of a diaphragm drive unit in a minimum aperture position;

FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along the line XVI--XVI in FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along the line XVII--XVII in FIG. 14; and

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a control system in a zoom lens barrel according to the present invention.

A zoom lens barrel according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a digital camera using a CCD. The zoom lens system is comprised of three lens groups consisting of a first stationary lens group L1 of positive power, a second movable lens group L2 of negative power, and a third lens group L3 of positive power, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The zoom lens system constitutes a variable focus lens in which the zooming operation is carried out by moving the second and third lens groups L2 and L3, and the focusing operation is carried out by moving the second lens group L2. However no cam groove is used to effect the position control of the second and third lens groups L2 and L3. Namely, the position of the second lens group L2 is controlled, in accordance with set focal length information (data) and detected objected distance information (data) using an open-loop control system and the position of the third lens group L3 is controlled using a closed-loop control system.

As may be seen in FIGS. 5 through 9, the lens barrel body 10 located in the lens casing 11 is composed of a front plastic body 12, a rear plastic body 13, and a diaphragm block 14 held between the front and rear plastic bodies 12 and 13. There are a plurality of guide rods 15 (only one rod is shown in FIGS. 6, 7 and 9) extending between the front and rear bodies 12 and 13 in parallel with the optical axis. A second lens frame 16 which holds the second lens group L2 and a third lens frame 17 which holds the third lens group L3 are movable, guided by the guide rods 15. The CCD (image pickup device) 18 is provided behind the third lens frame 17 and is provided with a substrate 20 which is secured to the rear body 13. A crystal filter 19 is provided between the third lens frame 17 and the CCD 18. The casing 11 is provided with a glass cover (plane-parallel plate) 25 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 4) secured thereto and provided in front of the first lens group L1.

The second lens frame 16 and the third lens frame 17 are respectively provided with a second lens pin (second lens cam pin) 16a and a third lens pin (third lens cam pin) 17a, both pins being protruded upward in the drawings. The second and third lens frames 16 and 17 are biased rearward (toward the CCD 18) by tensile springs 16b and 17b for removing a backlash.

The front body 12 is provided with a photodetector (origin sensor) 22 to detect the origin of the second lens frame 16 (second lens group L2). The second lens frame 16 is equipped with a dog plate 23 secured thereto to cooperate with the photodetector 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the origin of the second lens group L2 corresponds to an infinite object distance at the wide-angle extremity. When the second lens group L2 is located at the origin, the dog plate 23 interrupts the light from the photodetector 22 to detect the origin. The displacement of the second lens group L2 from the origin is controlled by a lens controller (CPU) 70 (FIG. 18) which controls the number of driving pulses of a second lens pulse motor M2 which drives the second lens group L2. Alternatively, it is also possible to control the displacement of the second lens group L2 from the origin using a pulser.

As may be supposed from the telephoto position shown in FIG. 6 and the wide-angle position shown in FIG. 7, when the focal length varies from the telephoto extremity toward the wide-angle extremity, the second lens frame 16 (second lens group L2) is moved forward and the third lens frame 17 (third lens group L3) is moved rearward. Namely, when the focal length is changed, the second and third lens frames 16 and 17 (second and third lens groups L2 and L3) are moved in opposite directions.

A lens drive mechanism 30 which drives the second lens frame 16 and the third lens frame 17 in the lens barrel body 10 is assembled as a lens drive unit which is attached to bridge the front body 12 and the rear body 13. The lens drive unit 30 will be discussed below with reference to FIGS. 1 through 4 and FIGS. 10 through 13.

The lens drive unit 30 is provided with first and second mother plates 31 and 32 which lie stepwise in different heights. In FIG. 10, for clarity, the upper first mother plate 31 is indicated by a dotted line and the lower second mother plate 32 is indicated by a solid line, respectively. The second lens pulse motor M2 and a third lens motor M3 are secured to the lower surface of the lower mother plate 32 so that the drive shafts of the motors M2 and M3 extends in a direction perpendicular to the second mother plate 32. A second-lens drive plate 35 which is provided with a cam groove (lead groove) 35a in which the second lens cam pin 16a of the second lens frame 16 is fitted and a third-lens drive plate 36 which is provided with a cam groove (lead groove) 36a in which the third lens cam pin 17a of the third lens frame 16 is fitted are coaxially pivoted to the first mother plate 31 through a common shaft 37. The second-lens drive plate 35 and the third-lens drive plate 36 are relatively rotatable and lie in parallel planes at different heights. The second lens cam pin 16a and the third lens cam pin 17a are always pressed against the rear surfaces (adjacent to the CCD 18) of the cam grooves 35a and 36a by the tensile springs 16b and 17b to eliminate the backlash, respectively.

A gear mechanism 38 which transmits the rotation of the second lens pulse motor M2 to the second-lens drive plate 35, a gear mechanism 39 which transmits the rotation of the third lens motor M3 to the third-lens drive plate 36, and a volume mechanism (variable resistor) 40 are provided between the first and second mother plates 31 and 32. A first gear 38a secured to the output shaft of the second lens pulse motor M2 is functionally connected to a sector gear 35b formed on the outer peripheral surface of the second-lens drive plate 35 through a second gear 38b, a third gear 38c, a fourth gear 38d and a fifth gear 38e. Each of the second gear 38b through the fifth gear 38e are double gears having two spur gears in different axial directions.

A first gear 39a secured to the output shaft of the third lens motor M3 is functionally connected to a sector gear 36b formed on the outer peripheral surface of the third-lens drive plate 36 through a second gear 39b, a third gear 39c, a fourth gear 39d and a fifth gear 39e. Each of gears from the second gear 39b through to the fifth gear 39e are double gears having two spur gears in different axial positions. The fifth gear 39e is in mesh with a sixth gear 39f of the gear mechanism 39 and with a rotatable brush gear 40a of the volume mechanism 40. The brush gear 40a is provided on the rear surface thereof with a brush 40b secured thereto. A resistor plate 40c is secured to the rear body 13 independently of the lens drive unit 30 (before the lens drive unit 30 is attached), so that the resistor 40c comes into contact with the brush 40b. The resistance between two terminals 40d and 40e of the resistor plate 40c varies in accordance with the angular position of the brush gear 40a, and hence, the resistance corresponding to the angular position of the third-lens drive plate 36, i.e., the absolute position of the third lens frame 17 (third lens group L3) can be obtained.

The second-lens drive plate 35 and the third-lens drive plate 36 are coaxially supported by the common shaft 37, as mentioned above. The profiles of the cam grooves 35a and 36a are such that when the second-lens drive plate 35 and the third-lens drive plate 36 rotate in the same direction, i.e., counterclockwise direction in FIG. 10, both the second lens frame 16 (cam pin 16a) and the third lens frame 17 (cam pin 17a) are moved forward. On the other hand, since the second lens frame 16 (second lens group L2) and the third lens frame 17 (third lens group L3) are moved in opposite directions when the focal length varies, as mentioned above, the directions of the rotation of the second-lens drive plate 35 and the third-lens drive plate 36 upon zooming are always opposite when either the focal length is reduced from the telephoto extremity or the focal length is increased from the wide-angle extremity. With this arrangement in which the second-lens drive plate 35 and the third lens drive plate 36 are rotatably mounted to the common shaft 37 and the rotation of the drive plates in opposite directions causes the second and third lens groups L2 and L3 to move in opposite directions, the lens barrel can be miniaturized.

The second-lens drive plate 35 and the third lens drive plate 36 are located at slightly different positions in the axial direction of the common shaft 37, as can be seen in FIGS. 10 and 12. The drive plates 35 and 36 are in the form of a generally sectoral shape to reduce the weight and size. If the drive plates 35 and 36 can be each made of a circular plate (disc shape), no interference between the drive plates will occur at any angular positions. However, since the drive plates 35 and 36 are each in the shape of generally sectional shape, there is a possibility that they might interfere with each other at the front end surfaces thereof in the thickness direction, depending on the angular position, when the sector member deforms in the thickness direction.

To prevent the possible interference, the second-lens drive plate 35 and the third-lens drive plate 36 are provided on the front ends thereof with wing portions 35c and 36c which overlap in a plan view when the maximum angular displacement of the drive plates 35 and 36 in opposite directions takes place. FIG. 10 shows a wide-angle position in which the second-lens drive plate 35 is rotated by the maximum angular displacement in the counterclockwise direction, and the third-lens drive plate 36 is rotated by the maximum angular displacement in the clockwise direction, respectively. In this state, the wing portions 35c and 36c overlap in a plan view. In other words, the drive plates 35 and 36 are each made of a generally sectoral shape plates which are made as small as possible and are provided on the front ends thereof with the wing portions 35c and 36c which partly overlap in a plan view at all angular position of the lens drive plates 35 and 36, and thus, a smooth rotation of the lens drive plates 35 and 36 can be ensured over the entire angular displacement.

The space necessary for the rotation of the second-lens drive plate 35 and the third-lens drive plate 36 can be effectively reduced as follows (see FIG. 10). In FIG. 10, the second-lens drive plate 35 and the third-lens drive plate 36 are in the respective end positions (wide-angle extremities) in which the wing portions 35c and 36c partly overlap in a plan view. When the drive plates 35 and 36 are rotated in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions in FIG. 10, respectively, the amount of overlap of the drive plates 35 and 36 is increased, and thus the total surface area of the drive plates in a plan view is reduced. Namely, the space (total surface area) for the rotation of the drive plates is maximum in FIG. 10. It may be understood that a larger space is needed if the second and third lens drive plates 35 and 36 are rotated in the same direction.

The lens drive unit 30 (except for the resistor plate 40c) as constructed above is formed as a separate unit from the lens barrel body 10. The resistor plate 40c is secured to the rear body 13 by means of a plurality of screws 41 and thereafter the lens drive unit 30 is secured to the lens barrel body 10 (front body 12 and rear body 13) by means of a plurality of screws 42.

The diaphragm block 14 held between the front body 12 and the rear body 13 and the drive unit 60 thereof will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 14 through 17. A substrate 50 of the diaphragm block 14 and a retainer 52 which is secured to the diaphragm block 14 by screws 51 are provided with apertures 50a and 52a on the optical axis, respectively. The substrate 50 is provided with a plurality of holes 50b formed around the aperture 50a in equi-angular distance, in each of which the first of a pair of dowels 53b of diaphragm blades 53 is inserted. An opening and closing ring 54 is provided being rotatable between the substrate 50 and the retainer 52. The opening and closing ring 54 is provided with a plurality of cam holes 54a in equi-angular distances as the holes 50b in each of which the second of the pair of the dowels 53b of the diaphragm blade 53 is fitted. In the above-mentioned diaphragm mechanism which is per se known, when the opening and closing ring 54 is rotated, the size of the aperture defined by the blades 53 is varied between the full-open position (maximum aperture) and the smallest aperture (minimum aperture).

The substrate 50 is provided with insertion holes 50c (FIG. 15) in which the two guide rods 15 of the movable zooming lenses L2 and L3 extend. Upon assembling the front block (body) 12 and the rear block (body) 13, the guide rods 15 are inserted in the insertion holes 50c so that the movable zooming lens L2 is supported by the portions of the guide rods 15 located before the substrate 50 and the movable zooming lens L3 is supported by the portions of the guide rods 15 located after the substrate 50, respectively.

The opening and closing ring 54 is provided with a radially extending diaphragm-opening-and-closing arm 54b which is in turn provided with a radially extending association groove 54c. The photodetector (origin sensor) 55 which detects the origin of the diaphragm mechanism is secured to the diaphragm block 14. The substrate 50 is provided with a dog 54d projecting therefrom, corresponding to the photodetector 55. In the illustrated embodiment, the dog 54d interrupts light from the photodetector 55 when the opening and closing ring 54 is rotated to the full-open position of the diaphragm (aperture). The diaphragm value (angular displacement of the opening and closing ring 54) when the aperture size is reduced from the full-open position by the opening and closing ring 54 is detected by the lens controller 70 (FIG. 18) which controls the number of driving pulses of the diaphragm pulse motor M1. Alternatively, it is possible to control the displacement from the origin (i.e., the diaphragm value) using a pulser instead of the pulse motor M1.

A diaphragm drive unit 60 as a separate unit is secured to the rear body 13 at a position different from the substrate 50 of the diaphragm block 14 in the optical axis direction and radial direction. The diaphragm pulse motor M1 is secured to the substrate 61 of the diaphragm drive unit 60. A first gear 62a secured to the output shaft of the diaphragm pulse motor M1 is connected to the sector gear 62c through a second gear 62b. The sector gear 62c is provided with a drive arm (radial arm) 62d integral therewith, which is in turn provided with an association pin 63 which is fitted in the radial association groove 54c of the opening and closing ring 54. The second gear 62b is a double gear having two spur gears at different axial positions.

The diaphragm block 14 and the diaphragm drive unit 60 are each pre-assembled as a unit. The substrate 50 of the diaphragm block 14 is held between the front and rear bodies 12 and 13. The substrate 61 of the diaphragm drive unit 60 is secured to the rear body 13 by means of a plurality of screws 64, with a state that the association pin 63 is fitted in the radial association groove 54c of the opening and closing ring 54. One end of the substrate 61 is inserted in a holding groove 65 (FIG. 8) of the rear body 13.

FIG. 18 shows a control system of the zoom lens barrel constructed above. Connected to the lens controller (CPU) 70 is the diaphragm pulse motor M1, the second lens pulse motor M2, the third lens motor M3, the third lens volume 40, the diaphragm origin detector 55, the CCD 18, a zoom switch 71, a release switch 72, a photometering device 73, an object distance detecting device 74 and an EEPROM. In general, the CCD 18 can constitute the photometering device 73. The object distance detecting device 74 can be either of a passive type or an active type. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 3, the object distance detecting device 74 is a passive system. Image data formed on the CCD 18 is converted to an electric signal which is recorded in the memory 76 through the signal processing circuit 75.

The lens casing 11 is connected, to the substantially central portion thereof, to a body casing (not shown) through the cylindrical boss 81 (FIGS. 1 and 2) so as to rotate by an angle less than 270.degree.. The body casing is equipped with the zoom switch 71, the release switch 72, the signal processing circuit 75, the memory 76, a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel with a finder function, in which the object image formed on the CCD 18 is displayed, a body CPU, and various switches, etc. The electric circuits in the body casing are connected to the electric circuits in the lens casing 11 through a body-lens connecting FPC board (flexible printed circuit board) 82 which extends through the cylindrical boss 81. Namely, the FPC board 82 connected to the CPU within the body casing is connected to a connector 83 provided on the substrate 20 and a connector 85 provided on an FPC board 84 on the lens side, through the cylindrical boss 81. The FPC board 84 on the lens side is provided with a printed circuit to which all the electrical elements within the casing 11 are connected and electronic devices such as the lens CPU 70, etc.

The components related to the barrel body, such as motors, connected to the lens FPC board 84 are located above the cylindrical boss 81, and the lens CPU 70 is located below the cylindrical boss 81. Thus, the components such as the motors, which generate an electric noise and the lens CPU 70 which tends to be influenced by the noise are provided on opposite sides of the cylindrical boss 81. Consequently, no operational mal-function occurs.

The basic operation of the zoom lens barrel constructed as above operates as follows.

At the wide-angle extremity shown in FIG. 7, if the zoom switch 71 is operated toward the wide-angle position, the second lens frame 16 (second lens group L2) is moved forward through the second lens pulse motor M2, the gear mechanism 38 and the second-lens drive plate 35, and the third lens frame 17 (third lens group L3) is moved rearward through the third lens motor M3, the gear mechanism 39 and the third-lens drive plate 36, respectively. Similarly, if the zoom switch 71 is operated toward the telephoto position at the telephoto extremity shown in FIG. 6, the second lens frame 16 (second lens group L2) is moved rearward and the third lens frame 17 (third lens group L3) is moved forward, respectively. Information concerning the displacement of the second lens frame 16 from the origin is detected by the number of driving pulses of the second lens pulse motor M2 and fed from the lens controller 70, and the position information of the third lens frame 17 is determined based on position data detected by the third lens volume 40. It is not always necessary to focus on the object or prevent a focal shift from occurring during the zooming operation.

The position of the third lens group L3 detected by the third lens volume 40 is an absolute value, and hence the set focal length is determined with reference to the position of the third lens group. When the operation force of the zoom switch 71 is released, it does not matter if the focus condition is out of focus.

When the release switch 72 is depressed by half a step, the photometering device 73 and the object distance detecting device 74 are activated to obtain object brightness data and object distance data. When the release switch 72 is depressed by a full step, the image pickup operation is carried out by the CCD 18. Before the release switch 72 is fully depressed, the diaphragm value is set in accordance with the object brightness data detected by the photometering device 73 by the diaphragm pulse motor M1, the diaphragm origin sensor 55 and the lens controller 70. The second lens group L2 is moved to a in-focus position in accordance with the set focal length data and the object distance data detected by the object distance detecting device 74, the second lens pulse motor M2, the second lens origin sensor 22 and the lens controller 70. Namely, when the absolute position of the third lens group L3 is determined in accordance with the focal length set by the zoom switch 71, the position of the second lens group L2 can be determined in accordance with the set focal length and the object distance data detected by the object distance detecting device 74. Thus, an in-focus object image is formed on the CCD 18, so that the image pickup operation can be carried out.

According to the present invention, in zoom lens barrel having at least two movable zooming lens groups which are moved upon zooming, since the cam pins integral with the lens frames of the movable zooming lens groups and extending in the same direction are provided, the two parallel rotatable drive plates are provided with cam grooves in which the cam pins are fitted; the cam profile of the cam grooves of the drive plates is such that the movable zooming lens groups are moved in predetermined directions by the rotation of the drive plates during zooming, the drive mechanism can be made small and simple.

## Claims

1. A drive apparatus for a zoom lens barrel having at least two movable zooming lens groups which are moved upon zooming, comprising: direction; which said cam pins are fitted; and drive units being adapted to rotate said two drive plates always in opposite directions; directions upon zooming, and wherein the cam profiles of said cam grooves of said drive plates are such that said movable zooming lens groups are moved in opposite directions by the rotation of said drive plates in opposite directions.

2. A drive apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said two drive plates are coaxially pivoted on the same shaft.

3. A drive apparatus for a zoom lens barrel having at least two movable zooming lens groups which are moved always in opposite directions upon zooming, comprising: moving said two movable zooming lens groups; movable zooming lens groups are moved in opposite directions by the rotation of the two drive plates in opposite directions; and directions upon zooming.

4. A drive apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said drive plates are coaxially pivoted on the same shaft.