# Patent

## Title
Reversible production process for assembly of circuit board and substrate

## Abstract

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 265,231 filed Oct. 31, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,111,935; which is a divisional of Ser. No. 170,069 filed Mar. 14, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,815,595; which is a continuation of Ser. No. 937,558 filed Dec. 3, 1986, abandoned.

## Background
This invention is directed toward the technical field of manufacturing semiconductor chips, and more particularly to their automated manufacture, including the automated bonding of leadframe leads to the chips.

In the automated manufacture and packaging of semiconductor chips, chips are made in batches instead of individually. Leadframes are typically made form strips or ribbons of flat sheets of conductive material, which is divided into a predetermined selected number of individual leadframes, each of the leadframes defining a plurality of leads sixteen (16), for example, which are bonded to pads on the semiconductor chip.

To handle these strips of leadframes during automated manufacture, it is useful to have a fixture which effectively holds individual strips of the leadframe together with the chips for bonding. One such fixture is called a leadframe carrier. These leadframe carriers can be systematically moved from station to station during manufacture on a belt or pressurized air, for example.

At present, the leadframe carrier is typically a custom device used for one particular kind of leadframe, which in turn corresponds in many cases to only a single kind or type or group of types of semiconductor chips. Accordingly, it is considered desirable to develop a leadframe carrier fixture which is conveniently adaptable to accommodate any of many different kinds of chips and leadframes.

According to the invention addressed herein, the leadframe carrier includes an insert which fits between the upper and lower portions of the main carrier assembly.

The fixture insert is made to defined dimensions of length and width from a flat, rigid sheet of conductive (e.g., metallic) material. The specific material used is selected to accommodate temperature-related expansion and contraction of the leadframe material carried by the insert. According to one version of the invention, both leadframe and insert are made of a selected copper alloy. Formerly, the leadframe carrier and the leadframe itself would expand and contract with temperature by different amounts, creating a poor fit between carrier and leadframe during manufacture.

Further, a feature of the carrier insert is its being coated with a material such as Teflon, a trademark owned by DuPont. This material permits the easy, nonclinging separation of leadframe and carrier, when this is desired during manufacture.

The leadframe carrier itself has upper and lower parts which can be clamped together to hold a strip of leadframe and the insert holding the chips to be bonded to the leads of the leadframe. Clamping can for example be magnetic.

The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the best mode for carrying out the invention and the accompanying drawing.

The Figure shows isometrically in exploded view the top and bottom portions of a leadframe carrier and the chip carrying insert according to the invention herein.

The Figure shows a leadframe carrier 12 including bottom and top or upper and lower, as the case may be, portions 13 and 13'. Further shown are a leadframe 33 and carrier insert 34, which is schematically indicated effectively to suggest its functional parts. Insert 34 fits into the bottom portion 13 of leadframe carrier 12.

Insert 34 holds a plurality of semiconductor chips 55 in a generally linear configuration in

Semiconductor chips 55 are to be bonded onto the ends of inner leads of the leadframe 33 during manufacturing operation.

According to the invention, if chips 55 of a nonstandard or different than conventional size are to be bonded with leads from the same or a modified kind of leadframe; or if a different kind or size of leadframe is selected for bonding; then a different insert 34 according to the invention can be used with the same universal carrier.

The lower carrier portion 13 defines holes 57 in its mass which reduce its overall weight, thereby making it lighter and easier to propel during automated operations and to reduce the thermal load as seen by the reflow medium.

Further, upper portion 13' of carrier 12 defines similar weight saving apertures of its own and further define a large central aperture 13", which permits the application of a heating vapor during manufacture, to effect the solder bonding of leads from the leadframe to pads on a corresponding semiconductor chip 55. Pins in lower portion 13 help to align and secure the leadframe during clamping together (whether magnetic or otherwise).

As shown in the Drawing, the insert defines depressions of defined size for holding semiconductor chips 55 of corresponding size insertably therein with their bonding pads upwardly disposed to meet the inner ends of leads from the leadframe. If larger (or smaller) chips are to be used instead, a different insert can be used, without requiring a new bottom portion 13 to be provided or otherwise fabricated.

As already suggested above, a single strip or ribbon of leadframe includes many individual leadframes. Each leadframe in effect contains the leads for a single chip. These leads are electrically shorted together during most of the manufacturing process, but are held together contiguously by a central perimeter from the same sheet material out of which the entire leadframe ribbon is fashioned or fabricated. The leads in effect traverse this perimeter, and those portions of the perimeter which are not part of a lead are ultimately cut away later in production.

Further, the individual chips 55 bonded to respective individual leadframes of the ribbon must of course by separated at the end of manufacturing operation.

The leads are in fact separated from one another after being encapsulated in plastic, for example, during a later state of manufacture called trim and form. This breaks up the perimeter of leadframe material which initially interconnects and holds together the leads during bonding, handling and plastic molding.

It is the end of each inner lead of the leadframe which is bonded to a corresponding contact pad on the respective chip. The outer portion of each lead in turn extends out of the package, which may be made of molded or injected plastic or ceramic material as the case may be. The outer portion of each lead is further typically bent and offset downward as for insertion into a plug or socket as the case may be.

Each semiconductor chip is thus finally packaged with an array of downwardly disposed pins for insertion into a plug or connector.

So-called leadless chip carriers are further also well known in the industry. In the case of these, no pins extend downward to meet with a mating plug or connector. Instead, the so-called leadless contacts are respectively soldered directly onto predetermined locations on a printed circuit board or chip carrier. The concepts of this invention are, however, applicable to either kind of package, leaded or leadless.

Individuals skilled in the art are likely to conceive of other versions of the invention which are nonetheless a part thereof. Accordingly, attention is directed toward the claims which follow, as these effectively and legitimately define the bound of the invention with particularity.

## Claims

1. A method for holding a strip of conductive leadframes together with a plurality of semiconductor chips which comprises: substantially rectangular upper and lower mating members which are attachable to one another along their outer perimeters, at least one of said upper and lower members being intersected by a longitudinal groove and a plurality of keyways; corresponds to the groove and keyways of said members, said insert sheet having a plurality of recesses in a surface thereof which are adapted to retain a semiconductor chip therein; recesses; leadframes having electrically shorted contact leads, and disposing the leadframe ribbon on said chips and said insert such that the leadframe contact leads meet the corresponding contact pads of the semiconductor chips; and, chips and leadframes therebetween.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said attaching step (f) is performed by magnetic attachment.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the insert is coated with a material to reduce adhesion between the insert and the leadframes.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said insert comprises a copper alloy.

5. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of electrically attaching said leads to said contact pads.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of electrically separating the contact leads to remove the electrical shorting.

7. The method of claim 6 comprising the step of separating each chip and its attached leadframe from each other chip and leadframe.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of encapsulating said chips and leadframes in plastic.

9. The method of claim 1 including the step of coating the interior of the carrier with a non-clinging material.