FI L ED

U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S

EL EVENTH CI RCUI T

FEB RUARY 3, 2010

J OHN L EY

ACTI NG CL ERK [ D O N O T P U B L I S H ]

I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S C O U R T O F A P P E A L S

F O R T H E E L E V E N T H C I R C U I T

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

N o

. 0 9

- 1 1 3 9 5

N o n

- A r g u m e n t C a l e n d a r

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

D

. C

. D o c k e t N o

. 0 8

- 0 0 3 2 0

- C R

- W S

U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C A

,

P l a i n t i f f

- A p p e l l e e

,

v e r s u s

D A R I U S P E T T W A Y

, S R

. ,

D e f e n d a n t

- A p p e l l a n t

.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A p p e a l f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s D i s t r i c t C o u r t

f o r t h e S o u t h e r n D i s t r i c t o f A l a b a m a

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

( F e b r u a r y 3

, 2 0 1 0 )

B e f o r e E D M O N D S O N

, B I R C H a n d B A R K E T T

, C i r c u i t J u d g e s

.

P E R C U R I A M :

D a r i u s P e t t w a y a p p e a l s h i s c o n c u r r e n t s e n t e n c e s o f 2 4 0 a n d 2 6 2

- m o n t h s ’i m p r i s o n m e n t

, i m p o s e d f o l l o w i n g a j u r y v e r d i c t f i n d i n g h i m g u i l t y o n m u l t i p l e

c o u n t s o f p o s s e s s i o n w i t h i n t e n t t o d i s t r i b u t e c r a c k c o c a i n e

, i n v i o l a t i o n o f 2 1

U

. S

. C

. § 8 4 1 ( a ) ( 1 )

.

I

. D u e P r o c e s s

O n a p p e a l

, P e t t w a y a r g u e s t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t s h o u l d h a v e p r o v i d e d h i m

n o t i c e p r i o r t o s e n t e n c i n g t h a t o n e o f i t s w i t n e s s e s w o u l d t e s t i f y a t s e n t e n c i n g t h a t

h e h a d b o u g h t c r a c k c o c a i n e f r o m P e t t w a y f

o r a l o n g e r p e r i o d o f t i m e t h a n h e h a d

i n d i c a t e d d u r i n g h i s t r i a l t e s t i m o n y

. P e t t w a y c o n t e n d s t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t ’ s

f a i l u r e t o p r o v i d e t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t w a s f

a v o r a b l e t o h i m

, u n a v a i l a b l e t o h i s

c o u n s e l

, r e l e v a n t t o h i s p u n i s h m e n t

, a n d t h a t c o u l d u n d e r m i n e h i s s e n t e n c e v i o l a t e d

h i s d u e p r o c e s s r i g h t s a s r e c o g n i z e d i n B r a d y v

. M a r y l a n d

, 3 7 3 U

. S

. 8 3 ( 1 9 6 3 ) a n d 1

G i g l i o v

. U n i t e d S t a t e s

, 4 0 5 U

. S

. 1 5 0 ( 1 9 7 2 )

. S p e c i f i c a l l y

, P e t t w a y c o n t e n d s t h a t 2

I n Brady, the Supreme Court he ld that “the suppre ssion by the prosec ution of evidenc e 1

favor able to an a ccuse d upon reque st violates due proc ess wher e the e vidence is material either

to guilt or to punishment, irrespe ctive of the g ood faith or ba d faith of the pr osecution.” 373

U.S. at 87. I n order

to establish a Brady claim, a de fenda nt must show that: (1) the g overnme nt

possessed evide nce f

avora ble to the def

endant, including impeachme nt evidence ; (2) the

defe ndant did not possess the evidenc e, nor c ould he obtain it himself with any rea sonable

diligenc e; (3) the g overnme nt suppressed the f avora ble evidenc e; and ( 4) had the evidenc e bee n

disclosed to the def

ense, a rea sonable proba

bility exis ts that the outcome of the pr ocee dings

would have be en diffe rent. United States v. Hanse n , 262 F.3d 1217, 1234 ( 11th Cir. 2001).

I n Giglio , the Supreme Court he ld that “deliber ate de ception of a court a nd jurors by 2

the pre sentation of known f alse e vidence is incompatible with” due proc ess. 405 U.S. at 153. A

Giglio err or re quires that (1) the prosec utor knowing ly used fa lse testimony

or fa iled to corre ct

false te stimony

on discovery , and (2) there is “any rea sonable likelihood that the fa lse testimony

could have aff

ecte d the judg ment.” Davis v. Terry , 465 F.3d 1249, 1253 ( 11th Cir. 2006)

(quotations and ellipsis omitt ed).

2t h e w i t n e s s ’ s t r i a l t e s t i m o n y t h a t h e u s e d c r a c k c o c a i n e f o r a b o u t t w o y e a r s a n d

k n e w P e t t w a y f

o r a b o u t t h r e e y e a r s w a s m a t e r i a l l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m h i s s e n t e n c i n g

t e s t i m o n y t h a t h e h a d b e e n u s i n g a n d b u y i n g c r a c k c o c a i n e f r o m P e t t w a y f

o r n e a r l y

s i x y e a r s a n d t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t ’ s f a i l u r e t o d i s c l o s e t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n t o t h e

d e f e n s e p r e c l u d e d h i m f

r o m i m p e a c h i n g t h i s w i t n e s s

. B e c a u s e P e t t w a y d i d n o t

r a i s e a c h a l l e n g e t o h i s s e n t e n c e b a s e d o n e i t h e r B r a d y o r G i g l i o w i t h t h e

s e n t e n c i n g c o u r t

, o u r r e v i e w i s f o r p l a i n e r r o r

. U

n i t e d S t a t e s v

. R o d r i

g u e z

, 3 9 8

F

. 3 d 1 2 9 1

, 1 2 9 7

- 9 8 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 2 0 0 5 )

. 3

A f t e r r e v i e w i n g t h e p a r t i e s ’ b r i e f s a n d t h e r e c o r d i n t h i s c a s e

, w e c o n c l u d e

t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t d i d n o t c o m m i t a B r a d y v i o l a t i o n b e c a u s e i t d i d n o t p o s s e s s

a n y e v i d e n c e f

a v o r a b l e t o P e t t w a y t h a t w a s u n a v a i l a b l e t o h i m

. P e t t w a y w a s

r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e s a m e c o u n s e l a t t h e g u i l t a n d s e n t e n c i n g p h a s e s o f h i s t r i a l

.

T h u s

, t h e w i t n e s s ’ s t r i a l t e s t i m o n y w a s a v a i l a b l e t o P e t t w a y a n d o n c e t h e w i t n e s s

t e s t i f i e d d i f f e r e n t l y a t s e n t e n c i n g P e t t w a y h a d a l l o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n h e n e e d e d t o

i m p e a c h t h e w i t n e s s

. M o r e o v e r

, B r a d y r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e s u p p r e s s e d e v i d e n c e b e a r

o n t h e o u t c o m e o f t h e p r o c e e d i n g

. S e e H a n s e n

, 2 6 2 F

. 3 d a t 1 2 3 4

. I n r e g a r d t o t h e

w i t n e s s ’ s t e s t i m o n y

, t h e s e n t e n c i n g c o u r t s t a t e d t h a t e v e n i f t h e w i t n e s s ’ s e s t i m a t e

To prove pla in error , a def endant must show: (1) e rror , (2) that is plain, and ( 3) that 3

aff ects substantial rig hts. Rodriguez , 398 F.3d a t 1298. I f all three conditions are me t, we will

exercise discr etion to rec og nize the error , if it “seriously aff ects the f airne ss, integr ity , or public

reputa tion of judicial proce eding s.” Id.

3o f t h e a m o u n t o f d r u g s h e b o u g h t f r o m P e t t w a y w a s “ s o m e w h a t i n c o r r e c t

, ” t h e

c o u r t w a s c o m f

o r t a b l e t h a t h e b o u g h t e n o u g h t o r e a c h t h e 1 5 0 g r a m s n e c e s s a r y f o r

t h e s e n t e n c e i m p o s e d

.

F u r t h e r

, t h e g o v e r n m e n t d i d n o t c o m m i t a G i g l i o e r r o r b e c a u s e P e t t w a y d i d

n o t e s t a b l i s h t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t k n o w i n g l y p r e s e n t e d m a t e r i a l l y f a l s e t e s t i m o n y

t h a t h a d a r e a s o n a b l e l i k e l i h o o d o f a f f e c t i n g t h e j u d g m e n t

. O t h e r t h a n t h e

d i s c r e p a n c y i n t h e w i t n e s s ’ s t e s t i m o n y

, P e t t w a y p r e s e n t e d n o e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e

g o v e r n m e n t k n o w i n g l y s o l i c i t e d f a l s e t e s t i m o n y

.

A c c o r d i n g l y

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t d i d n o t p l a i n l y e r r i n s e n t e n c i n g P e t t w a y t o

2 6 2 m o n t h s ’ i m p r i s o n m e n t

.

I I

. G u i d e l i n e C a l c u l a t i o n

P e t t w a y a r g u e s t h a t t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s d r u g q u a n t i t y d e t e r m i n a t i o n w a s

c l e a r l y e r r o n e o u s

, r e s u l t i n g i n a n i n a c c u r a t e g u i d e l i n e r a n g e

. H e a r g u e s t h a t t h e

d i s t r i c t c o u r t b a s e d i t s d e t e r m i n a t i o n o n i n c r e d i b l e a n d d e f i c i e n t w i t n e s s t e s t i m o n y

a t t r i a l a n d s e n t e n c i n g

.

A d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f d r u g q u a n t i t y u s e d t o e s t a b l i s h a

d e f e n d a n t ’ s b a s e o f

f e n s e l e v e l u n d e r t h e S e n t e n c i n g G u i d e l i n e s i s r e v i e w e d f o r

c l e a r e r r o r

. U

n i t e d S t a t e s v

. L a w r e n c e

, 4 7 F

. 3 d 1 5 5 9

, 1 5 6 5 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 1 9 9 5 )

.

W h e n t h e d e f

e n d a n t o b

j e c t s t o t h e b a s e o f

f e n s e l e v e l

, t h e g o v e r n m e n t m u s t

4e s t a b l i s h t h e q u a n t i t y o f d r u g s b y a p r e p o n d e r a n c e o f t h e e v i d e n c e

. I d

. a t 1 5 6 6

.

W h e r e t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t ’ s d e c i s i o n o n d r u g

- q u a n t i t y a t t r i b u t i o n i s b a s e d o n

t e s t i m o n y o f w i t n e s s e s w h o a p p e a r b e f o r e t h e c o u r t

, g r e a t d e f

e r e n c e i s g i v e n t o i t s

a s s e s s m e n t o f t h e c r e d i b i l i t y a n d e v i d e n t i a r y c o n t e n t o f t h a t t e s t i m o n y

. U n i t e d

S t a t e s v

. L e e

, 6 8 F

. 3 d 1 2 6 7

, 1 2 7 6 ( 1 1 t h C i r

. 1 9 9 5 )

. F u r t h e r

, t h e S e n t e n c i n g

G u i d e l i n e s p r o v i d e t h a t “ i n a n o f f e n s e i n v o l v i n g a n a g r e e m e n t t o s e l l a c o n t r o l l e d

s u b s t a n c e

, t h e a g r e e d

- u p o n q u a n t i t y o f t h e c o n t r o l l e d s u b s t a n c e s h a l l b e u s e d t o

d e t e r m i n e t h e o f

f e n s e l e v e l u n l e s s t h e s a l e i s c o m p l e t e d a n d t h e a m o u n t d e l i v e r e d

m o r e a c c u r a t e l y r e f

l e c t s t h e s c a l e o f t h e o f

f e n s e

. ” U

. S

. S

. G

. § 2 D 1

. 1

, c o m m e n t

( n

. 1 2 )

.

T h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t b a s e d i t s t o t a l d r u g c a l c u l a t i o n o f a t l e a s t 1 5 0 g r a m s o f

c r a c k c o c a i n e o n t h e t e s t i m o n y o f w i t n e s s e s w h o e s t a b l i s h e d t h a t P e t t w a y

n e g o t i a t e d a c o n t r o l l e d b u y w i t h u n d e r c o v e r p o l i c e o f f i c e r s f o r 1 1 2 g r a m s o f c r a c k

c o c a i n e a n d s o l d a t l e a s t a n o t h e r 3 8 g r a m s t o o t h e r s

. L e e

, 6 8 F

. 3 d a t 1 2 7 6

.

F u r t h e r

, t h e d i s t r i c t c o u r t g a v e s p e c i f i c r e a s o n s f

o r f i n d i n g t h a t t h e g o v e r n m e n t

p r o v e d b y a p r e p o n d e r a n c e o f t h e e v i d e n c e t h a t P e t t w a y w a s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e

1 5 0 g r a m s o f c r a c k c o c a i n e n e c e s s a r y t o j u s t i f y h i s a d v i s o r y g u i d e l i n e r a n g e

.

L a w r e n c e

, 4 7 F

. 3 d a t 1 5 6 6

- 6 9

.

A F F I R M E D

.

5