UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF 

COMMERCE 

NEWS 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20230 

Robert R. Callis For Release 10:00 AM EST, October 25, 2004 

Linda B. Cavanaugh CB04-179 

(301) 763-3199 

CENSUS BUREAU REPORTS ON RESIDENTIAL VACANCIES AND 

HOMEOWNERSHIP

National vacancy rates in the third quarter 2004 were 10.1 percent in rental housing and 1.7 percent in 

homeowner housing, the Department of Commerce=s Census Bureau announced today. The Census Bureau 

said the rental vacancy rate was not different from the third quarter rate last year (9.9 percent) or the rate last 

quarter (10.2 percent). For homeowner vacancies, the current rate (1.7 percent) was lower than the rate a 

year ago (1.9 percent), but not different from the rate last quarter (1.7 percent). The homeownership rate 

(69.0 percent) for the current quarter was higher than the third quarter 2003 rate (68.4 percent) but not 

different from the rate last quarter (69.2 percent). 

Table 1. Rental and Homeowner Vacancy Rates for the United States: 1992 to 2004 (in percent)

Rental vacancy rate Homeowner vacancy rate 

Year 

First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

 ↓ ↓

 2004.... 

 2003.... 

 2002a

 .. 

 2002.... 

2001.... 

2000..... 

1999..... 

1998..... 

1997..... 

1996..... 

1995..... 

1994..... 

1993a.... 

 1993.....

1992..... 

 10.4 

 9.4 

9.1 

9.1 

8.2 

7.9 

8.2 

7.7 

7.5 

7.9 

7.4 

7.5 

7.8 

7.9 

7.4 

10.2 

9.6 

8.4 

8.5 

8.3 

8.0 

8.1 

8.0 

7.9 

7.8 

7.7 

7.4 

7.6 

7.6 

7.7 

10.1 

9.9 

9.0 

9.1 

 8.4 

8.2 

8.2 

8.2 

7.9 

8.0 

7.7 

7.2 

7.0 

7.1 

7.3 

 

 10.2 

9.3 

9.4 

8.8 

7.8 

7.9 

7.8 

7.7 

7.7 

7.7 

7.4 

6.9 

6.9 

7.1 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.5 

1.6 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.5 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.8 

1.5 

1.6 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.6 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.6 

 1.7 

 1.9 

1.7 

1.7 

1.9 

1.6 

1.6 

1.7 

1.5 

1.7 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.6 

 

 1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.8 

1.6 

1.6 

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

1.6 

1.4 

1.4 

1.5 

 aRevised in 2002 to incorporate information collected in Census 2000, and in 1993 to reflect the results of the 1990 decennial census. 

 NOTE: The estimates in this report are based on responses from a sample of the population. As with all surveys, estimates may vary from the 

 actual values because of sampling variation or other factors. All comparisons made in this report have undergone statistical testing and 

 are significant at the 90-percent confidence level unless otherwise noted. The data in this report are from the monthly samples of the 

 Housing Vacancy Survey, which is a supplement to the Current Population Survey. The populations represented (the population 

 universe) are all housing units (vacancy rates) and the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States (homeownership rate). 

 

 

 

 BUREAU OF 

 THE 

 CENSUS 
 For rental housing, the vacancy rate was highest in central cities (10.8 percent), while rates outside 

metropolitan areas (MAs) (9.7 percent) and in the suburbs (9.5 percent) were not different from each other. When 

compared with their respective rates a year ago, the rental vacancy rates were higher in central cities, lower outside 

MAs, and not different in the suburbs. 

 The homeowner vacancy rate was lowest in the suburbs (1.4 percent), while rates in central cities 

(2.3 percent) and outside MAs (2.1 percent) were not different from each other. The homeowner vacancy rate 

in the suburbs was lower than one year ago, while rates in central cities and outside MAs were not different 

from their respective rates last year. 

 Among regions, the rate for rental vacancies was highest in the South and Midwest, 12.3 percent each, 

and lowest in the West, 7.7 percent and Northeast, 7.3 percent (although they were not different from each 

other). In the Midwest, the rental vacancy rate was higher than a year ago, while the rates in the other regions 

were unchanged from their corresponding rates last year. 

Comparisons of the regional homeowner vacancy rates ran parallel to the regional rental vacancy rates, 

with highest rates in the Midwest (2.1 percent) and South (1.9 percent), although they were not different from 

each other, and lowest rates in the Northeast (1.2 percent) and West (1.4 percent), also not different from each 

other. When compared to third quarter 2003, the respective homeowner vacancy rates were higher in the 

Midwest, lower in the South and West, and, in the Northeast, not different from a year ago. 

Table 2. Rental and Homeowner Vacancy Rates by Area and Region: 

 Third Quarter 2003 and 2004 (in percent) 

 Rental vacancy rates Homeowner vacancy rates 

90-Percent 

Confidence Interval ( + ) a

90-Percent 

Confidence Interval ( + ) a

Area/Region 

Third 

Quarter 

2003 

Third 

Quarter 

2004

of 

2004 rate 

of 

difference 

Third 

Quarter 

2003 

Third 

Quarter 

2004 

of 

2004 rate

of 

difference

 

United States....... 

 InsideMAs......... 

 In central cities.. 

 Not in central 

 cities (suburbs).. 

 Outside MAs..... 

 Northeast........... 

 Midwest............. 

 South................. 

 West.................. 

9.9 

9.7 

10.2 

9.2 

10.9 

6.6 

 11.0 

 12.4 

8.1 

10.1 

10.2 

10.8 

9.5 

9.7 

7.3 

12.3 

 12.3 

7.7 

0.3 

0.3 

0.5 

0.5 

0.8 

0.6 

0.7 

0.6 

0.5 

0.4 

0.5 

0.6 

0.7 

1.1 

0.8 

1.0 

0.8 

0.7 

1.9 

1.8 

2.2 

1.6 

2.4 

1.4 

1.8 

2.3 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6 

2.3 

1.4 

2.1 

1.2 

2.1 

1.9 

1.4 

0.1 

0.1 

0.2 

0.1 

0.2 

0.2 

0.2 

0.1 

0.2 

0.1 

0.1 

0.3 

0.1 

0.3 

0.3 

0.2 

0.2 

0.2 a

A 90-percent confidence interval is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the confidence interval is, in relation to the size of the estimate, the less reliable 

the estimate. For more information, see page 10. 

 2 
3

 

There were an estimated 122.4 million housing units in the United States in the third quarter 2004. 

Approximately 106.9 million housing units were occupied: 73.8 million by owners and 33.1 million by 

renters. While the number of owner-occupied units was higher than the third quarter 2003 estimate, the 

number of renter-occupied units was not different from a year ago. Of the 15.5 million vacant housing units, 

11.8 million were for year-round use. Approximately 3.8 million of the year-round vacant units were for rent, 

1.3 million were for sale only, and the remaining 6.7 million units were vacant for a variety of other reasons. 

 Table 3. Estimates of the Total Housing Inventory for the United States: 

 Third Quarter 2003 and 2004 

 (Estimates are in thousands and may not add to total, due to rounding) 

90-Percent 

Confidence Interval ( + ) a 

 

Type 

Third 

Quarter 

2003 

Third 

Quarter 

2004

of 2004 

estimate 

of

difference 

Percent of 

total 

(2004) 

 

 

All housing units............ 

 Occupied...................... 

 Owner........................ 

 Renter........................ 

 Vacant.......................... 

 Year-round................. 

 For rent................... 

 For sale only............ 

 Other....................... 

 Seasonal..................... 

121,030 

105,499 

72,178 

33,321 

15,531 

11,796 

3,713 

1,411 

6,672 

3,735 

122,373

106,870

73,772

33,098

15,503

11,848

3,798

1,321

6,729

 3,655

353

373

376

297

215

190

110

65

146

108

501 

529 

530 

420 

304 

269 

155 

94 

205 

154 

100

87

60

27

13

10

3

1

5

3

 aA 90-percent confidence interval is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger the confidence interval is, in relation to the 

 size of the estimate, the less reliable the estimate. For more information, see page 10. 

 

 NOTE: The Current Population Survey/Housing Vacancy Survey (CPS/HVS) estimates are now controlled to independent housing 

 unit counts. This should make the CPS/HVS estimates of housing units more comparable to other Census Bureau housing 

 surveys. Please see page 10 for additional information.
4

The homeownership rate (69.0 percent) for the current quarter was higher than the third 

quarter 2003 rate (68.4 percent), but not different from the rate last quarter (69.2 percent). 

Table 4. Homeownership Rates for the United States: 1980 to 2004 (in percent) 

 

Year Homeownership Ratesa

First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

 ↓

2004................................ 

2003................................ 

2002b............................... 

2002................................ 

2001................................ 

2000.......................................... 

1999.......................................... 

1998.......................................... 

1997.......................................... 

1996.......................................... 

1995.......................................... 

1994.......................................... 

1993b

......................................... 

1993.......................................... 

1992.......................................... 

1991.......................................... 

1990.......................................... 

1989c......................................... 

1989......................................... 

1988......................................... 

1987......................................... 

1986......................................... 

1985......................................... 

1984......................................... 

1983......................................... 

1982......................................... 

1981......................................... 

1980......................................... 

68.6 

68.0 

67.8 

67.8 

67.5 

67.1 

66.7 

65.9 

65.4 

65.1 

64.2 

63.8 

63.7 

64.2 

64.0 

63.9 

64.0 

63.9 

63.9 

63.7 

63.8 

63.6 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.8 

65.6 

65.5 

 69.2 

68.0 

67.6 

67.6 

67.7 

67.2 

66.6 

66.0 

 65.7 

65.4 

64.7 

63.8 

63.9 

64.4 

63.9 

63.9 

63.7 

63.8 

63.9 

63.7 

63.8 

63.8 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.9 

65.3 

65.5 

69.0 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

68.1 

67.7 

67.0 

66.8 

66.0 

65.6 

65.0 

64.1 

64.2 

64.7 

64.3 

64.2 

64.0 

64.1 

64.0 

64.0 

64.2 

63.8 

63.9 

64.6 

64.8 

64.9 

65.6 

65.8 

68.6 

68.3 

68.3 

68.0 

67.5 

66.9 

66.4 

65.7 

65.4 

65.1 

64.2 

64.2 

64.6 

64.4 

64.2 

64.1 

63.8 

63.8 

63.8 

64.1 

63.9 

63.5 

64.1 

64.4 

64.5 

65.2 

65.5 a

Standard errors for quarterly homeownership rates for the United States generally are 0.2 percent. bRevised in 2002 to incorporate information collected in Census 2000, and in 1993 to reflect the results of the 1990 decennial census. 

 c

Revised to reflect edit changes implemented in 1990. 
5

Table 4SA shows the seasonally adjusted homeownership rates for the United States from 1980 

to the present. (Research has shown that seasonality for homeownership rates is present.) When adjusted for 

seasonality, the current homeownership rate at 68.9 percent was higher than 68.3 percent shown a year ago, but 

lower than the rate last quarter, 69.3 percent. 

Table 4SA. Homeownership Rates for the United States: 1980 to 2004

 Seasonally Adjusted (in percent) 

 Year Homeownership Ratesa

 (Seasonally Adjusted) 

 First 

Quarter 

Second 

Quarter 

Third 

Quarter 

Fourth 

Quarter 

 ↓

2004................................. 

2003................................ 

2002b

................................ 

2002................................. 

2001................................ 

2000.......................................... 

1999.......................................... 

1998.......................................... 

1997.......................................... 

1996.......................................... 

1995.......................................... 

1994.......................................... 

1993b......................................... 

1993.......................................... 

1992.......................................... 

1991.......................................... 

1990.......................................... 

1989c

......................................... 

1989......................................... 

1988......................................... 

1987......................................... 

1986......................................... 

1985......................................... 

1984......................................... 

1983......................................... 

1982......................................... 

1981......................................... 

1980......................................... 

68.7 

68.1

67.9 

(NA) 

67.6 

 67.2 

66.8 

66.0 

65.5 

65.2 

64.4 

64.0 

63.8 

(NA) 

64.1 

64.0 

64.1 

64.0 

(NA) 

63.8 

63.9 

63.7 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.8 

65.6 

65.5 

 69.3 

68.1

67.7

(NA) 

67.8

67.3 

66.7 

66.1 

65.8 

65.4 

64.8 

63.9 

64.0 

(NA) 

64.0 

64.1 

63.9 

63.9 

(NA) 

63.8 

63.9 

63.8 

64.1 

64.6 

64.7 

64.9 

65.4 

65.6 

68.9 

68.3 

67.9d

(NA) 

67.9 

67.5 

66.8 

66.6 

65.8 

65.4 

64.8 

63.9 

64.0 

(NA) 

64.1 

64.0 

63.8 

63.9 

(NA) 

63.9 

64.1 

63.7 

63.8 

64.5 

64.6 

64.7 

65.4 

65.6 

68.5 

68.2 

(NA) 

67.9 

67.5 

66.9 

66.4 

65.7 

65.4 

65.1 

64.1 

64.1 

(NA) 

64.3 

 64.1 

64.0 

63.7 

(NA) 

63.8 

64.1 

63.9 

63.6 

64.2 

64.5 

64.6 

65.3 

65.6 aStandard errors for quarterly homeownership rates for the United States generally are 0.2 percent. 

 bRevised in 2002 to incorporate information collected in Census 2000, and in 1993 to reflect the results of the 1990 decennial census. 

 c

Revised to reflect edit changes implemented in 1990. 

 d

Revised as a result of seasonality computation for this quarter. 

 (NA) Not Applicable; only the revised series for 1989, 1993, and 2002 were used in calculating the seasonality adjustment.
6

During the third quarter 2004, the homeownership rates by region were highest in the Midwest, 

73.8 percent, followed by the South at 71.0 percent. The Northeast, 64.4 percent, and the West, 64.7 percent, 

 had the lowest rates, although they were not different from each other. When compared with their respective 

 rates a year ago, the homeownership rates for the South and West were higher, while those for the Northeast 

and Midwest did not change. 

 Table 5. Homeownership Rates for the United States and Regions: 2000 to 2004 (in percent) 

 Homeownership Ratesa

 Year/Quarter 

United 

States Northeast Midwest South West 

2004 

Third Quarter............. 

Second Quarter........... 

First Quarter............... 

2003 

Fourth Quarter............ 

Third Quarter............. 

Second Quarter........... 

First Quarter.............. 

2002b

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2002 

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2001 

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2000 

Fourth Quarter.............. 

Third Quarter................ 

Second Quarter............. 

First Quarter................. 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.0 

68.1 

67.7 

67.5 

 67.5 

67.7 

67.2 

67.1 

64.4 

65.4 

65.1 

64.7 

64.4 

64.2 

64.2 

64.8 

64.6 

63.8 

63.8 

64.9 

64.7 

63.9 

63.9 

64.0 

64.1 

63.2 

63.6 

 63.2 

63.9 

63.4 

63.3 

73.8 

74.2 

73.5 

73.5 

73.5 

72.8 

72.9 

73.3 

73.2 

72.8 

73.2 

73.3 

73.2 

72.8 

73.1 

73.5 

72.9 

72.7 

73.2 

 73.1 

72.9 

72.2 

72.2 

71.0 

70.9 

70.3 

70.5 

70.0 

69.9 

69.9 

70.3 

69.5 

69.3 

69.8 

70.3 

69.5 

69.3 

69.9 

70.1 

70.1 

69.7 

69.3 

 69.8 

69.7 

69.2 

69.5 

64.7 

64.5 

63.7 

63.8 

63.8 

63.2 

62.8 

62.5 

62.7 

62.4 

62.1 

62.6 

62.8 

62.4 

62.2 

62.3 

63.1 

62.9 

62.0 

 61.6 

62.2 

61.9 

61.3 

 a

Standard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by region generally are 0.3 percent. 

 b

Revised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 

 
7

For third quarter 2004, the homeownership rates by age of householder ranged from 43.1 percent 

for those under 35 years of age to 81.8 percent for those 65 years and over. The rates for the age categories 45 to 

54 years and 65 years and over were higher than their respective rates a year ago, while rates in the other age 

groups were not different from their corresponding rates last year. 

Table 6. Homeownership Rates by Age of Householder: 2000 to 2004 (in percent) 

 Year/Quarter Homeownership Ratesa

 

United 

States 

Under 

35 years 

35 to 44 

years 

45 to 54 

years 

55 to 64 

years 

65 years 

and over 

2004 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter........ 

2003 

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter........ 

2002b

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter....... 

2002 

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter....... 

2001 

Fourth Quarter..... 

Third Quarter...... 

Second Quarter.... 

First Quarter....... 

2000 

Fourth Quarter...... 

Third Quarter........ 

Second Quarter..... 

First Quarter......... 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.3 

68.0 

 67.6 

 67.8 

 68.0 

 68.1 

 67.7 

 67.5 

 

 67.5 

67.7 

67.2 

67.1 

43.1 

43.6 

42.3 

42.7 

42.5 

41.9 

41.7 

 

42.0 

41.5 

40.8 

41.0 

42.0 

41.4 

40.8 

 41.0 

 42.2 

 41.6 

 40.8 

 40.4 

41.2 

41.1 

40.2 

40.5 

68.6 

69.4 

68.8 

69.0 

68.8 

67.8 

67.8 

69.0 

68.6 

68.2 

68.6 

69.0 

68.6 

68.3 

68.6 

68.2 

68.6 

68.1 

68.1 

68.3 

68.4 

67.5 

67.3 

77.4 

77.0 

77.0 

77.2 

76.5 

76.3 

76.5 

 

76.4 

76.4 

76.3 

76.0 

76.4 

76.4 

 76.3 

 76.0 

 76.2 

 77.1 

 77.2 

 76.5 

76.4 

76.8 

76.7 

76.0 

81.2 

82.4 

81.7 

81.3 

81.1 

81.6 

81.4 

81.5 

81.3 

80.8 

80.9 

81.5 

81.3 

80.7 

80.8 

81.4 

81.6 

81.5 

80.8 

80.2 

80.1 

80.3 

80.8 

81.8 

81.1 

80.7 

80.8 

80.7 

80.2 

80.2 

 

80.8 

80.4 

80.1 

80.9 

80.8 

80.4 

 80.1 

 80.9 

 80.7 

 80.3 

 79.7 

 80.7 

80.4 

80.7 

80.3 

80.1 

 aStandard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by age of householder generally are 0.3 percent 

 bRevised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 
8

For the racial categories shown below, the homeownership rate for non-Hispanic White householders 

reporting a single race was highest (76.1 percent), while the category of single-race Black householders had the 

lowest rate (48.4 percent) in the current quarter. The rate for Hispanic householders (who can be of any race) at 

48.7 percent was higher than a year ago. For All other races (58.6 percent), the rate was higher than last year, 

while the rates for the other race groups shown were not different from their respective rates a year ago. 

Table 7. Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity of Householder: 2002 to 2004 (in percent) 

Year/Quarter Homeownership Ratesa

 U.S. NonHispanic 

White alone 

Black 

Alone 

All 

Other 

Racesc

Hispanic 

(of any race) 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

68.0 

68.0 

 

76.1 

76.2 

75.5 

75.5 

75.7 

75.2 

75.0 

48.4b

49.7 

49.3 

49.4 

48.0 

47.3 

47.7 

58.6 

58.7 

58.2 

56.6*

56.2*

55.3*

55.7 

48.7 

47.4 

47.3 

47.7 

46.1 

46.2 

46.7 

NonHispanic 

White 

Black Other Racesd 

 

2004 

Third Quarter........ 

Second Quarter...... 

First Quarter......... 

2003 

Fourth Quarter...... 

Third Quarter....... 

Second Quarter..... 

First Quarter........ 

2002e 

Fourth Quarter...... 

Third Quarter....... 

Second Quarter..... 

First Quarter......... 

2002 

Fourth Quarter...... 

Third Quarter....... 

Second Quarter..... 

First Quarter......... 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

75.0 

74.9 

74.5 

74.6 

74.8 

74.6 

74.2 

74.3 

47.7 

47.3 

46.5 

48.2 

47.5 

47.1 

46.3 

48.0 

55.2 

54.0 

55.3 

53.5 

55.4 

54.1 

55.4 

53.7 

48.3 

47.1 

46.1 

46.4 

49.5 

48.3 

47.2 

47.6 

 *Revised 4/22/04. aStandard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by race and ethnicity of householder generally are 0.2 percent for non-Hispanic White (single 

race) householders, 0.5 percent for Black (single race) householders, 0.7 percent for All other race householders, and 0.6 percent for Hispanic 

householders. 

 bThe homeownership rate for third quarter 2004 for householders who reported the single race of Black or Black in a combination of races was 

48.2 percent, compared with a rate of 48.4 percent for those who reported only Black. c Includes people who reported Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or American Indian or Alaska Native regardless of whether they 

reported any other race, as well as all other combinations of two or more races. 

 d

Includes people who reported Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or American Indian or Alaska Native. eRevised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 

 NOTE: Beginning in 2003, the question on race on the CPS was modified to comply with the revised standards for federal statistical agencies. 

 Respondents may now report more than one race, but small sample sizes preclude showing all race categories. The question on Hispanic 

 origin is asked separately, and is asked before the question on race. For further information on each major race group and the Two 

 or More Races populations, see reports from the Census 2000 Brief series (C2KBR/01), available on the Census 2000 Web site at 

 http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs.htm
9

In third quarter 2004, the homeownership rate for households with family incomes greater than or 

equal to the median family income (84.0 percent) was not different from the rate reported last year. For those 

with incomes less than the median (52.7 percent), the rate was higher than a year ago. 

Table 8. Homeownership Rates by Family Income: 2000 to 2004 (in percent) 

Homeownership Ratesa

 Year/Quarter United States 

Households with family 

income greater than or 

equal to the median 

family incomeb

Households with family 

income less than the 

median family income 

2004 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter......... 

First Quarter............ 

2003 

Fourth Quarter........... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter......... 

First Quarter............ 

2002c

Fourth Quarter.......... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter.......... 

First Quarter............. 

2002 

Fourth Quarter.......... 

Third Quarter............ 

Second Quarter......... 

First Quarter............ 

2001 

Fourth Quarter......... 

Third Quarter........... 

Second Quarter......... 

First Quarter............ 

2000 

Fourth Quarter............. 

Third Quarter............... 

Second Quarter............ 

First Quarter................ 

69.0 

69.2 

68.6 

68.6 

68.4 

 68.0 

68.0 

 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.3 

68.0 

67.6 

67.8 

68.0 

68.1 

67.7 

67.5 

67.5 

67.7 

67.2 

67.1 

84.0 

83.9 

83.8 

83.6 

83.7 

83.6 

83.3 

 

83.2 

83.0 

82.2 

82.0 

83.3 

 83.0 

 82.3 

 82.1 

82.2 

82.2 

82.0 

81.7 

81.6 

81.7 

81.8 

81.4 

52.7 

53.1 

51.5 

52.1 

52.1 

51.6 

51.3 

52.4 

51.9 

51.5 

52.4 

52.4 

51.9 

51.5 

52.3 

53.0 

52.6 

51.7 

51.6 

51.8 

52.2 

50.8 

51.4 

 aStandard errors for quarterly homeownership rates by family income generally are 0.2 percent. bBased on families or primary individuals reporting income. cRevised to incorporate information collected in Census 2000. 
10

Note: This press release, along with more detailed data, is available on the Internet. Our Internet address 

is: www.census.gov/hhes/www/hvs.html

The estimates in this release are based on a sample survey and therefore are subject to both sampling 

and non-sampling error. Sampling error is a result of not surveying the entire population. Non-sampling error 

occurs because accurate information cannot always be obtained. 

 The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct a confidence interval. A confidence 

interval is a measure of an estimate’s variability. The larger a confidence interval is in relation to the size of the 

estimate, the less reliable the estimate. For example, the standard error on the estimated rental vacancy rate of 

10.1 percent is 0.2 percentage points. Then the 90-percent confidence interval is calculated as 10.1 percent +

(1.645 x 0.2), or 10.1 percent + 0.3, or from 9.8 percent to 10.4 percent. If all possible samples were surveyed 

under essentially the same general conditions and the same sample design, and an estimate calculated from each 

sample, then 90 percent of the estimates would fall within the 90 percent confidence interval, in this case, from 9.8 

percent to 10.4 percent. 

 Beginning with first quarter 2003, population controls that reflect the results of Census 2000 are 

used in the CPS/HVS estimation process. As a final additional step in the process, the estimates are 

controlled to independent housing counts used for the first time in order to produce a more accurate estimate of 

housing units. This new procedure should make the CPS/HVS estimates of housing units more consistent with 

other Census Bureau housing surveys. The new housing controls affect the estimate of vacant units in the 

sense that the estimates of total occupied and vacant units sum to the new control total. Vacancy rates and

homeownership rates are not affected by this change. 

The CPS/HVS also began computing first-stage factors (used for weighting purposes) based on 

year-round and seasonal counts of housing units from Census 2000 for the first quarter 2003. From 1980 to 2002, 

the CPS/HVS first-stage factors were based on year-round estimates only. The effect on the data is slight and the 

change should improve the counts of year-round and seasonal units. For more information on the effects of these 

changes, please see Source and Accuracy Statement at www.census.gov/hhes/www/hvs.html. 

The question on race on the CPS was modified beginning in the first quarter 2003 to comply with new 

standards for federal statistical agencies. Respondents may now report more than one race. The question on 

Hispanic origin is asked separately, and is asked before the question on race. 

First stage factors for year-round vacant units have been corrected as of the second quarter 2004. Research 

has shown that this correction had no significant effect on the vacancy rates or homeownership rates.