FILED

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

 March 28, 2007

THOMAS K. KAHN

CLERK

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

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No. 06-14772

Non-Argument Calendar

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D. C. Docket No. 05-01094-CV-J-25-MMH

ALBERT STEWARD, 

Plaintiff-Appellant, 

versus 

INTERNATIONAL LONGSHOREMEN'S ASSOCIATION, 

Local No. 1408, 

Defendant-Appellee.

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Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Middle District of Florida

_________________________

(March 28, 2007)

Before BIRCH, BARKETT and HULL, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
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Albert Steward, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court’s grant of the

International Longshoreman’s Association’s (“ILA”) motion to dismiss or, in the

alternative, motion for summary judgment. Steward’s complaint alleged that ILA,

his union, failed to refer him to jobs for which he was qualified, in breach of its

duty of fair representation under the National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA”), 29

U.S.C. § 151 et. seq. Steward argues that the district court erroneously concluded

that his complaint was time-barred.

We review an order granting summary judgment de novo, applying the same

standards as the district court and viewing the evidence in the light most favorable

to the non-moving party. Bost v. Fed. Express Corp., 372 F.3d 1233, 1237-38

(11th Cir. 2004). Summary judgment is appropriate only if “there is no genuine

issue as to any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a

matter of law.” Id. at 1237 (quotation and citation omitted).

The district court granted ILA’s motion on the grounds that Steward’s

complaint was barred by the statute of limitations. When a union member sues a

union for breaching its duty of fair representation, the six-month statute of

limitations established in Section 10(b) of the NLRA applies. Hechler v. Int’l Bhd.

of Elec. Workers, 834 F.2d 942, 944 (11th Cir. 1987) (citation omitted). In

relevant part, that provision states “[t]hat no complaint shall issue based upon any
 In Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc), we adopted as 1

binding precedent all the decisions of the former Fifth Circuit handed down on or before

September 30, 1981.

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unfair labor practice occurring more than six months prior to the filing of the

charge with the Board . . . .” 29 U.S.C. § 160(b). “For the purpose of determining

when the § 10(b) period begins to run, we look to when plaintiffs either were or

should have been aware of the injury itself . . . .” Benson v. Gen. Motors Corp.,

716 F.2d 862, 864 (11th Cir. 1983). 

When the plaintiff alleges repeated injuries, Section 10(b) does not bar legal

action so long as the “complaint is filed within six months of one such [injury],

notwithstanding the fact that more than six months passed between the earlier

[injuries] and the filing of the charge.” NLRB v. Preston H. Haskell Co., 616 F.2d

136, 140-41 (5th Cir. 1980) (citation omitted). “Each [injury] represents an

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independent unfair labor practice that does not derive its illegal character from

earlier violations and, as long as one discrete violation occurred within six months

of the filing of charges, legal action is timely.” Id. at 141 (citation omitted). 

Here, Steward alleged in his complaint that ILA’s failures to refer him for

employment continued through “the present”—which would have been October

20, 2005, the date he filed his complaint. Accordingly, ILA had the burden to

prove that, contrary to Steward’s allegation, it did not fail to refer him for
 Steward also seeks to file a motion to supplement the record with documents that were 2

not presented or evaluated by the district court. These documents may establish that his

complaint is based on ILA’s failure to refer him to a job on April 15, 2005, and that he learned

of that failure on the same day, rendering his claim barred by the statute of limitations. Because

none of these documents were before the district court, we decline to supplement the record on

appeal.

We also conclude that ILA’s alternate grounds for affirming the district court opinion are

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employment that he was otherwise qualified for in the six months prior to October

20, 2005.

Without requiring such proof, the district court erroneously concluded that

Steward had to bring his complaint within six months of March 17, 2005, the date

that the NLRB rejected an appeal he submitted to them. This conclusion is

erroneous because Steward’s alleged injury did not arise exclusively out of facts

alleged the NLRB proceedings. Moreover, Steward’s alleged injuries continued to

the date he filed his complaint. Therefore, the district court erred by finding that

the statute of limitations period began on March 17, 2005. 

In accordance with our precedent, the six-month statute of limitations period

began on the last date before Steward filed his complaint on which ILA failed to

refer him for employment and Steward learned or should have learned of that

injury. See Preston H. Haskell Co., 616 F.2d at 140-41; Benson, 716 F.2d at 864. 

Based on the record before it, the district court should have found that Steward’s

complaint was not time-barred because ILA did not produce any evidence showing

that Steward did not suffer an injury in the six months prior to October 20, 2005.2
without merit. The NLRB does not have exclusive jurisdiction over Steward’s claim. Breininger

v. Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union No. 6, 493 U.S. 67, 75-77 (1990). Steward was

not bound to include his employer in the complaint because in the context of a complaint

alleging a fair representation claim for failure to refer to employment, the union’s liability does

not depend on any action by the employer. Breininger, 493 U.S. at 82-84. Last, the statute of

limitations should not run from the date that Steward was terminated from his job, July 26, 2004,

because he alleges that ILA continued to deny him referrals.

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REVERSED AND REMANDED.