II 

113TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1615 

To develop and recruit new, high-value jobs to the United States, to encourage 

the repatriation of jobs that have been off-shored to other countries, 

and for other purposes. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

OCTOBER 30, 2013 

Mr. WARNER introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 

A BILL 

To develop and recruit new, high-value jobs to the United 

States, to encourage the repatriation of jobs that have 

been off-shored to other countries, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 

5 ‘‘America Recruits Act of 2013’’. 

6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of 

7 this Act is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Findings. 

Sec. 3. Inbound investment program to recruit jobs to the United States. 


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Sec. 4. United States Economic Competitiveness Commission. 

Sec. 5. Improvements to Federal efforts to support job creation in manufacturing and services sectors. 

Sec. 6. Utilization of industry-approved certification assessments and standards 

to improve education and training program performance. 

Sec. 7. Feasibility assessment for manufacturing capacity improvement partnership. 

Sec. 8. Surveys of United States corporations with manufacturing facilities or 

customer service centers located in foreign countries. 

Sec. 9. National Academy of Sciences recommendations for improving advanced 

manufacturing. 

Sec. 10. Assessment of distortive economic policies. 

Sec. 11. Limitation on Government printing costs. 

1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 (a) IN GENERAL.—Congress finds the following: 

3 (1) Between 1971 and 2011, the United States 

4 share of manufacturing output as a percentage of 

5 the world total has dropped by almost 10 percent, 

6 with 50 percent of this decline occurring during the 

7 last decade. 

8 (2) Manufacturing has been a source of good 

9 jobs and has historically provided wages and benefits 

10 nine percent above the average for American work11 ers. 

12 (3) The number of manufacturing sites in the 

13 United States fell from 397,552 in 2001 to 344,352 

14 by June 2010, leaving more than 50,000 factories 

15 far below capacity or vacant. 

16 (4) In 2010, the trade deficit of the United 

17 States in manufactured products with advanced 

18 technology was over $81,000,000,000. 


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1 (5) The percentage of Americans working in 

2 manufacturing fell from 12.5 percent in 1998 to 8.9 

3 percent in 2008, and is expected to decline to 7.4 

4 percent by 2018. 

5 (6) United States service industries, including 

6 information technology, financial services, profes7 sional and business services, transportation and lo8 gistics, utilities, and others employ more than 

9 90,000,000 Americans and have enjoyed significant 

10 growth over the last decade. 

11 (7) The unemployment rate in the United 

12 States has been greater than 8 percent since Janu13 ary 2009. 

(8) Exports currently support more than 1 14 ⁄3 of 

15 United States manufacturing jobs and more than 

16 $500,000,000,000 in services exports. The earnings 

17 of Americans who work for firms that export are 

18 more than 15 percent higher than those of similar 

19 workers at firms that do not export. 

20 (9) Ninety-five percent of the world’s con21 sumers of goods and services live outside the United 

22 States. 

23 (10) To create the next generation of high-value 

24 jobs and to be competitive in the global marketplace, 

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1 turing and traded services sectors to support ex2 ports. 

3 (b) SENSE OF CONGRESS.—It is the sense of Con4 gress that Congress should— 

5 (1) take action to help companies create new 

6 manufacturing and services jobs in the United 

7 States, including an inbound investment program 

8 which would provide matching funds to States that 

9 seek to recruit companies to locate in their State; 

10 (2) encourage expedited consideration of export 

11 financing for companies that are already working 

12 with the Federal Government to increase their ex13 port capacity; 

14 (3) ensure industry-approved certification as15 sessments and standards are established for pro16 viders of education and workforce training programs 

17 in manufacturing and information technology; 

18 (4) establish policies that enable lawmakers to 

19 better understand the challenges facing American 

20 manufacturing, including— 

21 (A) metrics that measure the success of 

22 onshoring and manufacturing-related programs; 

23 (B) baseline and annual targets for high24 value job creation and job repatriation; and 


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1 (C) improvements to existing surveys of 

2 companies with overseas facilities; 

3 (5) establish an independent United States Eco4 nomic Competitiveness Commission to provide ongo5 ing assessments of the competitiveness of the United 

6 States in key sectors; 

7 (6) further exercise its oversight role by asking 

8 the National Academy of Sciences to assess the ef9 fectiveness of Federal research and development 

10 funding and programs that support advanced manu11 facturing; and 

12 (7) call upon the independent United States 

13 International Trade Commission and the Govern14 ment Accountability Office to contribute to a more 

15 comprehensive understanding of distortive or dis16 criminatory economic policies in global markets in 

17 order to better support and assist United States 

18 companies. 

19 SEC. 3. INBOUND INVESTMENT PROGRAM TO RECRUIT 

20 JOBS TO THE UNITED STATES. 

21 (a) PROGRAM REQUIRED.—Not later than 180 days 

22 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

23 of Commerce shall establish a program to award grants 

24 to States that are recruiting high-value jobs. Grants 

25 awarded under this section may be used to issue forgivable 


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1 loans to eligible entities that are deciding whether to locate 

2 eligible facilities in foreign countries or in the United 

3 States to assist such entities in locating such facilities in 

4 rural or distressed areas. 

5 (b) FEDERAL GRANTS TO STATES.— 

6 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall carry 

7 out the program through the award of grants to 

8 States to provide loans described in subsection (c). 

9 (2) APPLICATION.— 

10 (A) IN GENERAL.—A State seeking a 

11 grant under the program shall submit an appli12 cation to the Secretary in such manner and 

13 containing such information as the Secretary 

14 may require. Once the program is operational, 

15 any State may apply for a grant on an ongoing 

16 basis, until funds are exhausted. The Secretary 

17 may also establish a process for pre-clearing ap18 plications from States. The Secretary shall no19 tify all States of this grant opportunity once the 

20 program is operational. All information about 

21 the program and the State application process 

22 must be online and must be in a format that 

23 is easily understood and is widely accessible. 


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1 (B) ELEMENTS.—Each application sub2 mitted by a State under subparagraph (A) shall 

3 include— 

4 (i) a description of the eligible entity 

5 the State proposes to assist in locating an 

6 eligible facility in a rural or distressed area 

7 of the State; 

8 (ii) a description of such facility, in9 cluding the number of high-value jobs re10 lating to such facility; 

11 (iii) a description of such rural or dis12 tressed area; 

13 (iv) a description of the resources of 

14 the State that the State has committed to 

15 assisting such corporation in locating such 

16 facility, including tax incentives provided, 

17 bonding authority exercised, and land 

18 granted; and 

19 (v) such other elements as the Sec20 retary considers appropriate. 

21 (C) NOTICE.—As soon as practicable after 

22 establishing the program under subsection (a), 

23 the Secretary shall notify all States of the 

24 grants available under the program and the 

25 process for applying for such grants. 


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1 (D) ONLINE SUBMISSION OF APPLICA2 TIONS.—The Secretary shall establish a mecha3 nism for the electronic submission of applica4 tions under subparagraph (A). Such mechanism 

5 shall utilize an Internet website and all infor6 mation on such website shall be in a format 

7 that is easily understood and widely accessible. 

8 (E) CONFIDENTIALITY.—The Secretary 

9 may not make public any information submitted 

10 by a State to the Secretary under this para11 graph regarding the efforts of such State to as12 sist an eligible entity in locating an eligible fa13 cility in such State without the express consent 

14 of the State. 

15 (3) SELECTION.—The Secretary shall award 

16 grants under the program on a competitive basis to 

17 States that— 

18 (A) the Secretary determines are most 

19 likely to succeed with a grant under the pro20 gram in assisting an eligible entity in locating 

21 an eligible facility in a rural or distressed area; 

22 (B) if successful in assisting an eligible en23 tity as described in subparagraph (A), will cre24 ate the greatest number of high-value jobs in 

25 rural or distressed areas; 


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1 (C) have committed significant resources, 

2 to the extent of their ability as determined by 

3 the Secretary, to assisting eligible entities in lo4 cating eligible facilities in a rural or distressed 

5 areas; or 

6 (D) meet such other criteria as the Sec7 retary considers appropriate, including criteria 

8 relating to marketing plans, benefits to ongoing 

9 regional or State strategies for economic devel10 opment, and job growth. 

11 (4) LIMITATION ON COMPETITION BETWEEN

12 STATES.—The Secretary may not award a grant to 

13 a State under the program to assist an eligible enti14 ty in locating an eligible facility in such State if an15 other State is seeking to assist such eligible entity 

16 in locating such eligible facility in such other State. 

17 (5) AVAILABILITY OF GRANT AMOUNTS.—For 

18 each grant awarded to a State under the program, 

19 the Secretary shall make available to such State the 

20 amount of such grant not later than 30 days after 

21 the date on which the Secretary awarded the grant. 

22 The total amount of grants awarded under this pro23 gram may not exceed $100,000,000. 

24 (c) LOANS FROM STATES TO CORPORATIONS.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Amounts received by a State 

2 under the program shall be used to provide assist3 ance to an eligible entity to locate an eligible facility 

4 in a rural or distressed area of the State. 

5 (2) LOANS.—A State receiving a grant under 

6 the program shall provide assistance under para7 graph (1) in the form of a single loan to a single 

8 eligible entity as described in paragraph (1) to cover 

9 the costs incurred by the eligible entity in locating 

10 the eligible facility as described in such paragraph. 

11 (3) LOAN TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—Each loan 

12 provided under paragraph (2) shall have a term of 

13 5 years and shall bear interest at rates equal to the 

14 Federal long-term rate under section 1274(d)(1)(C) 

15 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. 

16 (4) AMOUNT.—The amount of a loan issued to 

17 an eligible entity under the program for the location 

18 of an eligible facility shall be an amount equal to not 

19 more than $5,000 per full-time equivalent employee 

20 to be employed at such facility. 

21 (5) REPAYMENT.—Repayment of a loan issued 

22 by a State to an eligible entity under the program 

23 shall be repaid in accordance with such schedule as 

24 the State shall establish in accordance with such 

25 rules as the Secretary shall prescribe for purposes of 


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1 the program. Such rules shall provide for the fol2 lowing: 

3 (A) Forgiveness of all or a portion of the 

4 loan, the amount of such forgiveness depending 

5 upon the following: 

6 (i) The performance of the borrower. 

7 (ii) The number or quality of the jobs 

8 at the facility located under the program. 

9 (B) Repayment of principal or interest, if 

10 any, at the end of the term of the loan. 

11 (d) EXISTING OFFICE.—To the degree practicable, 

12 the Secretary shall carry out the program through an of13 fice of the Department of Commerce that existed on the 

14 day before the date of the enactment of this Act. 

15 (e) ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS.— 

16 (1) ONGOING ASSESSMENT.—The Secretary 

17 shall conduct an ongoing assessment of the program. 

18 (2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The Secretary may 

19 submit to Congress recommendations for such legis20 lative action as the Secretary considers appropriate 

21 to improve the program, including with respect to 

22 any findings of the Secretary derived by comparing 

23 the program established under subsection (a) with 

24 the programs and policies of governments of other 

25 countries used to recruit high-value jobs. 


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1 (f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

2 (1) DISTRESSED.—The term ‘‘distressed’’, with 

3 respect to an area, means an area in the United 

4 States that, on the date on which the program is es5 tablished under subsection (a)— 

6 (A) is included in the most recent classi7 fication of labor surplus areas by the Secretary 

8 of Labor; and 

9 (B) has an unemployment rate equal to or 

10 great than 110 percent of the unemployment 

11 rate of the United States. 

12 (2) ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—The term ‘‘eligible enti13 ty’’ means an entity that employs not fewer than 50 

14 full-time equivalent employees in high-value jobs. 

15 (3) ELIGIBLE FACILITY.—The term ‘‘eligible fa16 cility’’ means a facility at which— 

17 (A) an eligible entity employs not fewer 

18 than 50 full-time equivalent employees in high19 value jobs; 

20 (B) with respect to a rural or distressed 

21 area, the mean of the wages provided by the eli22 gible entity to individuals employed at such fa23 cility is greater than the mean wage for the 

24 county in which the rural or distressed area is 

25 located; and 


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1 (C) the facility derives at least the major2 ity of its revenues from— 

3 (i) goods production; or 

4 (ii) providing product design, engi5 neering, marketing, or information tech6 nology services. 

7 (4) HIGH-VALUE JOB DEFINED.—The term 

8 ‘‘high-value job’’ means a job that— 

9 (A) exists within an eligible facility; and 

10 (B) has a North American Industrial Clas11 sification that corresponds with manufacturing, 

12 software publishers, computer systems design, 

13 or related codes, and is higher than the mean 

14 hourly wage in the country. 

15 (5) RURAL.—The term ‘‘rural’’, with respect to 

16 an area, means any area in the United States which, 

17 as confirmed by the latest decennial census, is not 

18 located within— 

19 (A) a city, town, or incorporated area that 

20 has a population of greater than 20,000 inhab21 itants; or 

22 (B) an urbanized area contiguous and ad23 jacent to a city or town that has a population 

24 of greater than 50,000 inhabitants. 


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1 SEC. 4. UNITED STATES ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS 

2 COMMISSION. 

3 (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established a com4 mission to be known as the ‘‘United States Economic 

5 Competitiveness Commission’’ (referred to in this section 

6 as the ‘‘Commission’’). 

7 (b) MEMBERSHIP.— 

8 (1) COMPOSITION.—The Commission shall be 

9 composed of 12 members appointed as follows: 

10 (A) Three members appointed by the ma11 jority leader of the Senate. 

12 (B) Three members appointed by the mi13 nority leader of the Senate. 

14 (C) Three members appointed by the 

15 Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

16 (D) Three members appointed by the mi17 nority leader of the House of Representatives. 

18 (2) DEADLINE FOR APPOINTMENT.—Each 

19 member of the Commission shall be appointed not 

20 later than 180 days after the date of the enactment 

21 of this Act. 

22 (3) TERMS.—Each member of the Commission 

23 shall be appointed for a term of 2 years and may 

24 serve not more than 3 terms. 

25 (4) VACANCIES.—Any vacancy in the Commis26 sion shall not affect its powers, but shall be filled in 


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1 the same manner in which the original appointment 

2 was made. 

3 (5) MEETINGS.—The Commission shall meet at 

4 least once each month at the call of the chairperson 

5 or a majority of its members. The Commission shall 

6 hold at least 1 meeting in corporation in each of 6 

7 months per year. 

8 (6) QUORUM.—Eight members of the Commis9 sion shall constitute a quorum, except that if a ma10 jority of members in the quorum have been ap11 pointed by a leader of the same political party, the 

12 quorum shall include not fewer than 3 members ap13 pointed by a leader of the other political party. 

14 (7) CHAIRPERSON AND VICE CHAIRPERSON.— 

15 The Commission shall elect a chairperson and vice 

16 chairperson from among its members. The term of 

17 office of the chairperson and vice chairperson shall 

18 be 2 years. 

19 (c) DUTIES.— 

20 (1) ONGOING ASSESSMENT OF UNITED STATES

21 COMPETITIVENESS.— 

22 (A) ASSESSMENT REQUIRED.—The Com23 mission shall conduct an ongoing independent 

24 assessment of the competitiveness of the United 

25 States in the global economy in order to offer 


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1 recommendations to the Government for the im2 provement of United States competitiveness 

3 over time. 

4 (B) ELEMENTS.—In carrying out the as5 sessment required by subparagraph (A), the 

6 Commission shall, on an ongoing basis— 

7 (i) assess the competitiveness of the 

8 United States in all sectors of the global 

9 economy, including sectors relating to 

10 manufacturing, aerospace, communica11 tions, information technology, energy, life 

12 sciences, biotechnology, and such other sec13 tors as the Commission considers appro14 priate; 

15 (ii) identify, including through use of 

16 the Technology Database Mapping Pro17 gram developed under paragraph (2)— 

18 (I) markets (including antici19 pated markets) for new and devel20 oping technologies in each sector of 

21 the global economy; and 

22 (II) new and developing process 

23 technologies, including manufacturing 

24 process technologies that can be used 

25 by United States corporations to gain 


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1 a competitive advantage in such sec2 tors of the global economy; and 

3 (iii) identify measures to take advan4 tage of the markets and technologies iden5 tified under subclauses (I) and (II) of 

6 clause (ii), respectively, to give the United 

7 States a competitive advantage in such sec8 tors of the global economy, including, as 

9 appropriate, measures to encourage and fa10 cilitate the development, acquisition, and 

11 use of technologies described in such sub12 clauses. 

13 (2) TECHNOLOGY DATABASE MAPPING PRO14 GRAM.—The Commission shall develop a detailed, 

15 accurate, and comprehensive computer program 

16 database, to be known as the ‘‘Technology Database 

17 Mapping Program’’, to identify and keep track of 

18 new and developing technologies described in sub19 clauses (I) and (II) of paragraph (1)(B)(ii). 

20 (3) REPOSITORY.—The Commission shall serve 

21 as an independent repository for information about 

22 technological developments in global markets. 

23 (4) REPORTS.— 

24 (A) PERIODIC REPORTS.—The Commission 

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1 quency as the Commission considers appro2 priate, a report on the competitiveness of the 

3 United States in the global economy. 

4 (B) ELEMENTS.—Each report submitted 

5 pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall include the 

6 following: 

7 (i) The findings of the Commission 

8 with respect to the most recent assessment 

9 carried out pursuant to clause (i) of para10 graph (1)(B). 

11 (ii) A description of the markets and 

12 technologies identified pursuant to clause 

13 (ii) of such paragraph. 

14 (iii) A description of the measures 

15 identified pursuant to clause (iii) of such 

16 paragraph and any factors affecting the 

17 implementation of such measures, includ18 ing factors relating to the following: 

19 (I) Proposed trade agreements 

20 and the enforcement of existing trade 

21 agreements. 

22 (II) Taxation. 

23 (III) Government procurement 

24 and Government regulations. 


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1 (IV) The United States patent 

2 system. 

3 (V) Intellectual property laws 

4 and the enforcement of such laws. 

5 (VI) Education, including voca6 tional training. 

7 (VII) Research and development 

8 programs. 

9 (VIII) Infrastructure develop10 ment, with emphasis on improvements 

11 necessary to attract new jobs. 

12 (iv) Recommendations for national 

13 priorities for advanced research projects 

14 for industries of the future. 

15 (C) AD HOC REPORTS.—The Commission 

16 shall submit to Congress such other reports as 

17 are requested by members of Congress or con18 gressional committees. 

19 (d) POWERS OF COMMISSION.— 

20 (1) HEARINGS AND EVIDENCE.—The Commis21 sion may hold such hearings, sit and act at such 

22 times and places, take such testimony, and receive 

23 such evidence as the Commission considers advisable 

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1 minister oaths or affirmations to witnesses appear2 ing before it. 

3 (2) POWERS OF MEMBERS AND AGENTS.—Any 

4 member or agent of the Commission may, if author5 ized by the Commission, take any action which the 

6 Commission is authorized to take under this section. 

7 (3) INFORMATION FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES.— 

8 The Commission may secure directly from any Fed9 eral department or agency such information as the 

10 Commission considers necessary to enable it to carry 

11 out this section. Upon request of the chairperson of 

12 the Commission, the head of such department or 

13 agency shall, to the extent authorized by law, fur14 nish such information to the Commission. 

15 (4) POSTAL SERVICES.—The Commission may 

16 use the United States mails in the same manner and 

17 under the same conditions as other departments and 

18 agencies of the Federal Government. 

19 (5) GIFTS, BEQUESTS, AND DEVISES.—The 

20 Commission may accept, use, and dispose of gifts, 

21 bequests, or devises of services or property, both real 

22 and personal, for the purpose of aiding or facili23 tating the work of the Commission. Gifts, bequests, 

24 or devises of money and proceeds from sales of other 

25 property received as gifts, bequests, or devises shall 


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1 be deposited in the Treasury of the United States 

2 and shall be available for disbursement upon order 

3 of the chairperson of the Commission. 

4 (6) ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT SERVICES.— 

5 Upon the request of the Commission, the Adminis6 trator of the General Services Administration shall 

7 provide to the Commission, on a reimbursable basis, 

8 the administrative support services necessary for the 

9 Commission to carry out its responsibilities under 

10 this section. 

11 (7) CONTRACT AUTHORITY.—To the extent or 

12 in the amounts provided in advance in appropriation 

13 Acts, the Commission may contract with and com14 pensate government and private agencies or corpora15 tions to enable the Commission to discharge its du16 ties under this section. 

17 (e) COMMISSION PERSONNEL MATTERS.— 

18 (1) SERVICE WITHOUT PAY.—The members of 

19 the Commission shall serve without pay. 

20 (2) TRAVEL EXPENSES.—Each member shall 

21 receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 

22 subsistence, in accordance with applicable provisions 

23 under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United 

24 States Code. 

25 (3) STAFF.— 


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1 (A) DIRECTOR.— 

2 (i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subpara3 graph (C) and to the extent provided in 

4 advance in appropriation Acts, the Com5 mission shall appoint and fix the com6 pensation of a director. 

7 (ii) DUTIES.—The director of the 

8 Commission shall be responsible for the ad9 ministration and coordination of the duties 

10 of the Commission and shall perform such 

11 other duties as the Commission may direct. 

12 (B) STAFF.—In accordance with rules 

13 agreed upon by the Commission, subject to sub14 paragraph (C), and to the extent provided in 

15 advance in appropriation Acts, the director may 

16 appoint and fix the compensation of such addi17 tional personnel as may be necessary to enable 

18 the Commission to carry out its duties. 

19 (C) APPLICABILITY OF CERTAIN CIVIL

20 SERVICE LAWS.—The director and staff of the 

21 Commission may be appointed without regard 

22 to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, 

23 governing appointments in the competitive serv24 ice and may be compensated without regard to 

25 the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III 


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1 of chapter 53 of such title relating to classifica2 tion and General Schedule pay rates, except 

3 that— 

4 (i) compensation fixed under subpara5 graph (A)(i) may not exceed $150,000 per 

6 year; and 

7 (ii) compensation fixed under sub8 paragraph (B) may not exceed a rate equal 

9 to the daily equivalent of the annual rate 

10 of basic pay for level V of the Executive 

11 Schedule. 

12 (4) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—In accord13 ance with rules agreed upon by the Commission and 

14 to the extent provided in advance in appropriation 

15 Acts, the director may procure the services of ex16 perts and consultants under section 3109(b) of title 

17 5, United States Code, but at rates for individuals 

18 not to exceed the daily equivalent of the annual rate 

19 of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule 

20 under section 5316 of such title. 

21 (5) DETAIL OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES.— 

22 Upon request of the Commission, the head of any 

23 Federal department or agency may detail, without 

24 reimbursement from the Commission, any of the 

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1 mission to assist it in carrying out its duties under 

2 this section. Such detailee shall retain the rights, 

3 status, and privileges of their regular employment 

4 without interruption. 

5 (f) TERMINATION.—The authority for the Commis6 sion provided in this section shall terminate and the Com7 mission shall be dissolved on September 30, 2017. 

8 (g) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

9 authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section 

10 $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2014 through 

11 2018. 

12 SEC. 5. IMPROVEMENTS TO FEDERAL EFFORTS TO SUP13 PORT JOB CREATION IN MANUFACTURING 

14 AND SERVICES SECTORS. 

15 (a) BASELINE AND ANNUAL TARGETS.—Each year, 

16 the Secretary of Commerce shall establish a baseline and 

17 target levels for— 

18 (1) high-value job creation and high-value job 

19 growth in United States manufacturing and infor20 mation technology; and 

21 (2) repatriating high-value jobs to the United 

22 States. 

23 (b) RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENCOURAGE REPATRI24 ATION OF HIGH-VALUE JOBS.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 days 

2 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec3 retary of Commerce shall, in consultation with rel4 evant Federal agencies, develop recommendations for 

5 such executive or legislative action as the Secretary 

6 considers appropriate— 

7 (A) to expand the scope of high-value jobs 

8 performed by companies in the United States in 

9 order to create new jobs in the United States, 

10 including efforts— 

11 (i) to serve the United States domes12 tic market; 

13 (ii) to increases exports from the 

14 United States to overseas; and 

15 (iii) to identify and support develop16 ments in emerging sectors; 

17 (B) to expand the scope of engineering 

18 work performed by companies in the United 

19 States in order to create new jobs in the United 

20 States, including efforts described in subpara21 graph (A); 

22 (C) to assess— 

23 (i) the effectiveness of current laws on 

24 companies based in the United States in 

25 terms of the effect on marginal decisions 


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1 on where to locate capacity expansions; 

2 and 

3 (ii) if United States domestic or glob4 al growth occurs, how can legislation facili5 tate United States-based companies ex6 panding their United States-based manu7 facturing, not solely their foreign-based 

8 manufacturing operations; and 

9 (D) to encourage United States corpora10 tions with production or services located in a 

11 foreign country to repatriate such production or 

12 services to the United States, including foreign 

13 earnings, for the purpose of increasing invest14 ment and job creation in the United States. 

15 (2) ELEMENTS.—The recommendations re16 quired by paragraph (1) shall include the following: 

17 (A) An assessment of the effectiveness of 

18 current law in encouraging the repatriation of 

19 foreign earnings to the United States and in in20 vesting foreign earnings in the United States, 

21 including an estimate of the loss of revenue to 

22 the United States from any existing policies. 

23 (B) An assessment of the feasibility and 

24 advisability of additional legislative action to 


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1 encourage the repatriation of manufacturing 

2 production or services to the United States. 

3 (C) An estimate of the potential impacts of 

4 the legislative action described in subparagraph 

5 (B). 

6 (D) Development of recommendations re7 garding legislative action described in subpara8 graph (B). 

9 (3) REPORT.— 

10 (A) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 180 

11 days after the date of the enactment of this 

12 Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to 

13 Congress the recommendations required by 

14 paragraph (1). 

15 (B) PUBLICATION.—Upon submission of 

16 the report pursuant to subparagraph (A), the 

17 Secretary shall make such report available to 

18 the public. 

19 (c) ESTABLISHMENT OF REPATRIATION TASK

20 FORCES.— 

21 (1) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Com22 merce may establish such task forces as the Sec23 retary considers necessary to meet the baseline and 

24 target levels established under subsection (a) and, to 


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1 the extent possible, implement the recommendations 

2 issued under subsection (b). 

3 (2) COOPERATION.—To the degree practicable, 

4 each task force established pursuant to paragraph 

5 (1) shall cooperate with— 

6 (A) the President’s Council on Innovation 

7 and Competitiveness in the development of the 

8 agenda required by section 1006(d)(1) of the 

9 America COMPETES Act (15 U.S.C. 

10 3718(d)(1)); and 

11 (B) other relevant efforts to improve 

12 United States competitiveness. 

13 (3) MEMBERSHIP.—Each task force established 

14 pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be composed of 

15 members appointed by the Secretary as follows: 

16 (A) At least 1 representative of each of the 

17 following: 

18 (i) The Office of the Secretary of 

19 Commerce. 

20 (ii) The Economic Development Ad21 ministration. 

22 (iii) The International Trade Adminis23 tration. 

24 (iv) The United States Patent and 

25 Trademark Office. 


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1 (v) The National Institute of Stand2 ards and Technology. 

3 (vi) The Bureau of Industry and Se4 curity. 

5 (B) Not fewer than 3 representatives of 

6 the private sector, including different industries 

7 representing the manufacturing sector, as the 

8 Secretary considers appropriate. 

9 (4) DUTIES.—Each task force established pur10 suant to paragraph (1) shall— 

11 (A) identify United States corporations 

12 with production or services located in a foreign 

13 country that are interested in repatriating 

14 goods or services production to the United 

15 States; 

16 (B) identify the unique needs of each cor17 poration described in subparagraph (A) that are 

18 necessary to facilitate repatriation; 

19 (C) advise and assist corporations de20 scribed in subparagraph (A) and State and 

21 local governments to promote and facilitate re22 patriation opportunities; 

23 (D) act as an impartial advocate for all 

24 State and local governments choosing to com25 pete for facilities or jobs being repatriated; 


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1 (E) to the maximum extent practicable, 

2 work with Federal agencies to provide the tech3 nical assistance necessary to corporations de4 scribed in subparagraph (A) and State and 

5 local governments to facilitate the repatriation 

6 of facilities or jobs to the United States; 

7 (F) educate corporations described in sub8 paragraph (A) and State and local governments 

9 on— 

10 (i) each task force established pursu11 ant to paragraph (1); and 

12 (ii) all Federal assistance available to 

13 facilitate repatriation of facilities and jobs 

14 relating to the manufacturing and informa15 tion technology sectors; 

16 (G) identify Federal policies and regula17 tions that— 

18 (i) encourage the offshoring of United 

19 States manufacturing and information 

20 technology jobs or facilities; or 

21 (ii) that discourage repatriation of 

22 such jobs or facilities; and 

23 (H) work closely with the President and 

24 relevant agencies to change the policies and reg25 ulations identified pursuant to subparagraph 


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1 (G) to discourage offshoring of United States 

2 manufacturing and traded services and to en3 courage the repatriation of manufacturing and 

4 services. 

5 (d) NONDUPLICATION OF EFFORTS.—In carrying out 

6 the requirements of this section, the Secretary shall, to 

7 the degree practicable, coordinate with any existing efforts 

8 to improve the competitiveness of the United States in the 

9 global economy and to strengthen the manufacturing and 

10 information technology-related sectors of the United 

11 States. 

12 (e) HIGH-VALUE JOB DEFINED.—In this section, the 

13 term ‘‘high-value job’’ has the meaning given the term in 

14 section 3(f). 

15 SEC. 6. UTILIZATION OF INDUSTRY-APPROVED CERTIFI16 CATION ASSESSMENTS AND STANDARDS TO 

17 IMPROVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PRO18 GRAM PERFORMANCE. 

19 (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce, in 

20 cooperation with the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of 

21 Education, and the heads of other relevant Federal agen22 cies and industry partners, shall take such actions as may 

23 be necessary to ensure that industry-approved certification 

24 assessments and standards are established and available 

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1 facturing and information technology not later than 2 

2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act in order 

3 to improve the performance of training programs and to 

4 ensure that individuals who complete such training have 

5 the skills necessary to enter high-skill, high-demand occu6 pations in manufacturing and information technology. 

7 (b) ACTIVITIES.—To ensure that education and 

8 training providers have access to industry-approved certifi9 cation assessments and standards pursuant to subsection 

10 (a), the Secretary of Commerce shall— 

11 (1) create an initial list of high-skill, high-de12 mand manufacturing and information technology oc13 cupations where academically accredited degrees are 

14 not required for job entrance; 

15 (2) catalogue existing current, industry-ap16 proved training and education program standards 

17 that have accompanying objective certification as18 sessments, which may be the products of Federal 

19 agencies, State agencies, local workforce investment 

20 boards, community and technical colleges, appren21 ticeships, industry associations, or localized industry 

22 formations within or across States or education or23 ganizations, or any other institution the Secretary 

24 considers appropriate; 


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1 (3) identify industry-approved training and edu2 cation program standards that do not have a certifi3 cation assessment to measure the competency of 

4 those completing training, and where such assess5 ments do not exist, work with relevant Federal agen6 cies, State agencies, education and training organi7 zations, and representatives of affected industries 

8 and industry-approved skills standards accrediting 

9 bodies to create objective certification assessments 

10 for industries that have substantial current or future 

11 employment, as determined by the Secretary; 

12 (4) identify training and education programs 

13 that do not implement industry-approved standards 

14 and accompanying certification assessments, and 

15 where neither standards nor assessments exist, work 

16 with relevant Federal agencies, State agencies, edu17 cation and training organizations, and representa18 tives of the affected industries and industry-ap19 proved skills standards accrediting bodies to create 

20 industry-recognized standards and objective certifi21 cation assessments for industries that have substan22 tial current or future employment, as determined by 

23 the Secretary; 

24 (5) include within the catalogue required by 

25 paragraph (2) any training or education program 


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1 standards or certification assessments created under 

2 paragraph (3) or (4); and 

3 (6) not less frequently than once every 3 years, 

4 review the catalogue required by paragraph (2) to 

5 ensure training and education programs and accom6 panying certification assessments are current and 

7 continue to have industry-approval, and in any case 

8 in which training and education programs have lost 

9 industry-approval, work with the effected industries, 

10 related Federal agencies, and education and training 

11 organizations— 

12 (A) to identify existing standards and as13 sessments that are appropriate; or 

14 (B) to create them. 

15 (c) PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS.— 

16 (1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary shall evaluate 

17 the assessments and standards described in sub18 section (a) by assessing— 

19 (A) how accurately the assessments de20 scribed in such subsection measure the com21 petency of workers who have completed edu22 cation and training programs described in such 

23 subsection; and 


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1 (B) the satisfaction of manufacturing and 

2 information technology companies with the 

3 quality of such assessments and standards. 

4 (2) COLLECTION OF DATA.—In evaluating as5 sessments and standards under paragraph (1), the 

6 Secretary shall work with relevant agencies and in7 dustry organizations to collect the following data: 

8 (A) The number of students taking each 

9 occupational assessment annually. 

10 (B) The number of students demonstrating 

11 competency on each assessment on the first, 

12 second, or third attempt, annually. 

13 (C) The number of assessed students em14 ployed in the occupation for which they were 

15 trained. 

16 (3) ANNUAL SURVEY.—Not less frequently than 

17 once each year, the Secretary shall carry out a sur18 vey, through an existing annual industry survey if 

19 practicable, of a sample of manufacturing and infor20 mation technology firms to assess— 

21 (A) satisfaction with the assessments and 

22 standards described in subsection (a); and 

23 (B) labor shortages by each high-skill, 

24 high-demand occupation. 


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1 (4) PUBLICATION OF RESULTS.—Not less fre2 quently than once each year, the Secretary shall 

3 publish the results of the evaluations carried out 

4 under paragraph (1) and the surveys carried out 

5 under paragraph (3). In publishing such results, the 

6 Secretary shall disaggregate data by State and 

7 where possible by county, State and local workforce 

8 investment board, and training or education pro9 vider. 

10 (d) SEAL.—In carrying out subsection (a), the Sec11 retary shall establish a Department of Commerce Certifi12 cation of Excellence that the Secretary shall make avail13 able to education and training providers that use the as14 sessments and standards described in such subsection and 

15 who show strong evidence of success in placing students 

16 in the occupations for which they were trained. If the Sec17 retary establishes a seal or indicator under this subsection, 

18 the Secretary shall establish a process for revocation of 

19 the seal if the quality of the assessment is not maintained. 

20 (e) INNOVATION AWARDS.—In carrying out this sec21 tion, the Secretary may collaborate with relevant Federal 

22 agencies to issue awards to providers of training and edu23 cation programs described in subsection (a) to encourage 

24 innovative and promising practices for the purpose of de25 veloping, improving, and implementing the most successful 


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1 methods for addressing the education and training needs 

2 of participants in career and technical education pro3 grams, including through existing programs at such agen4 cies. 

5 SEC. 7. FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT FOR MANUFACTURING 

6 CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT PARTNERSHIP. 

7 (a) ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION.—Not later than 

8 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 

9 Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the President 

10 of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, shall— 

11 (1) assess the feasibility and advisability of cre12 ating a partnership to improve the manufacturing 

13 capacity of the United States; and 

14 (2) evaluate options for integration of global 

15 business development activities of United States 

16 companies into existing Federal programs that facili17 tate participation by United States businesses in the 

18 global marketplace. 

19 (b) REPORT.—The Secretary of Commerce shall sub20 mit a report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

21 Transportation of the Senate that contains the results of 

22 the assessment and evaluation carried out under sub23 section (a). 


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1 SEC. 8. SURVEYS OF UNITED STATES CORPORATIONS WITH 

2 MANUFACTURING FACILITIES OR CUSTOMER 

3 SERVICE CENTERS LOCATED IN FOREIGN 

4 COUNTRIES. 

5 (a) IMPROVEMENTS TO SURVEYS CARRIED OUT BY

6 BUREAU OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS.— 

7 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 

8 the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

9 of Commerce, in cooperation with other Federal 

10 agencies, shall improve existing annual surveys and 

11 5-year benchmark surveys conducted by the Bureau 

12 of Economic Analysis to gather information about 

13 all companies in the United States that own or oper14 ate manufacturing or information technology facili15 ties, including customer service facilities outside of 

16 the United States, to identify— 

17 (A) the dollar value of products manufac18 tured or information technology provided at 

19 such facilities by category and by type of prod20 uct or service; 

21 (B) the total employment at such facilities, 

22 disaggregated by type of activity or occupation, 

23 including the number of full-time employees, 

24 part-time employees, contractors, and any other 

25 personnel not included on payroll which con26 tribute to such facility; 


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1 (C) information relevant to geolocate such 

2 facilities within the supply chain; and 

3 (D) such other information as the Sec4 retary considers may assist in the development 

5 of such surveys. 

6 (2) STANDARDIZATION.— 

7 (A) IN GENERAL.—In improving surveys 

8 as required by paragraph (1), the Secretary 

9 shall establish a policy to ensure that the find10 ings of the Secretary with respect to each such 

11 survey, across all types of companies, use 

12 standardized data elements, models, and out13 come-based analysis in a manner that assists 

14 the Federal Government in better tracking data 

15 gathered by the surveys described in such para16 graph. 

17 (B) NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSI18 FICATION SYSTEM.—The policy established 

19 under subparagraph (A) may include require20 ments for the use of the North American Indus21 try Classification System and related product 

22 classification systems developed by the Bureau 

23 of the Census. 

24 (3) COORDINATION.—The Secretary shall re25 quire the Director of the Bureau of Economic AnalVerDate Mar 15 2010 21:54 Nov 04, 2013 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1615.IS S1615

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1 ysis, the Director of the Bureau of the Census, the 

2 Director of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and such 

3 other heads of bureaus, offices, and agencies of the 

4 Department of Commerce and other Federal agen5 cies that are responsible for collecting and analyzing 

6 data relevant to the surveys described in paragraph 

7 (1) to share aggregate-level data with each entity 

8 collecting data in support of the survey or as part 

9 of the surveys described in paragraph (1). 

10 (4) USE OF TECHNOLOGY FOR MORE EFFI11 CIENT DATA COLLECTION.—To the degree prac12 ticable, the Secretary shall use technology to in13 crease the efficiency of data collected for the surveys 

14 described in paragraph (1). 

15 (b) DATABASE.—The Secretary shall make available 

16 all of the aggregate-level data generated through the sur17 veys described in subsection (a)(1) to— 

18 (1) the Data.gov Internet website, or any suc19 cessor Federal Internet website that centralizes Gov20 ernment-wide data and statistics or seeks to improve 

21 the performance of the Federal Government; and 

22 (2) the Internet website of the Department of 

23 Commerce. 

24 (c) REPORTS.— 


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1 (1) FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS.—The Secretary 

2 shall submit to Congress the findings and analysis of 

3 the Secretary with respect to the surveys improved 

4 under subsection (a) along with other reports the 

5 Secretary is otherwise required to submit to Con6 gress. 

7 (2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—As soon as prac8 ticable after the date of the enactment of this Act, 

9 the Secretary shall submit to Congress specific 

10 short-term and long-term recommendations regard11 ing— 

12 (A) longitudinal trends in United States 

13 manufacturing and the creation or repatriation 

14 of manufacturing and information technology 

15 jobs to the United States; 

16 (B) legislative action to improve the com17 petitiveness of United States manufacturing 

18 and information technology, including specific 

19 recommendations which relate to ongoing ef20 forts of the Federal Government to improve the 

21 competitiveness of United States manufacturing 

22 and information technology; and 

23 (C) such other criteria as the Secretary 

24 considers appropriate, including coordination 


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1 with ongoing regional or State strategies for 

2 economic development and job growth. 

3 (d) CONFIDENTIALITY PROTECTIONS.—Notwith4 standing any other provision of this section, all data col5 lected through the surveys improved under subsection (a) 

6 shall remain subject to the confidentiality protections es7 tablished with respect to such surveys under the provisions 

8 of law authorizing or requiring such surveys. 

9 (e) PENALTY.—Notwithstanding any other provision 

10 of law, a corporation that is invited to participate in a 

11 survey described in subsection (a)(1) but refuses to par12 ticipate in such survey shall not be eligible to enter into 

13 any contract or to renew any contract with the United 

14 States, receive any grant from the Federal Government, 

15 or act as a subcontractor or subgrantee with respect to 

16 such a contract or grant. 

17 SEC. 9. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES RECOMMENDA18 TIONS FOR IMPROVING ADVANCED MANU19 FACTURING. 

20 (a) AGREEMENT.—Not later than 60 days after the 

21 date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Com22 merce shall seek to enter into an agreement with the Na23 tional Academy of Sciences to perform the services covered 

24 by this section. 

25 (b) DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS.— 


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1 (1) IN GENERAL.—Under an agreement be2 tween the Secretary and the National Academy of 

3 Sciences under this section, the National Academy 

4 of Sciences shall develop recommendations for im5 proving the competitive capabilities of United States 

6 industrial facilities. 

7 (2) ELEMENTS.—The study shall include the 

8 following: 

9 (A) Consideration of the benefits of— 

10 (i) the innovative application of ad11 vanced manufacturing technologies, proc12 esses, and methods for product design and 

13 production, including rapid development of 

14 prototypes, scalability of new products, and 

15 technology; 

16 (ii) commercialization of research 

17 funded by university research programs; 

18 and 

19 (iii) such other issues as the National 

20 Academy of Sciences considers relevant to 

21 improving the competitive capabilities of 

22 United States industrial facilities. 

23 (B) An analysis of the issues in imple24 menting improvements to United States indus25 trial facilities. 


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1 (C) Recommendations on how the issues 

2 described in subparagraph (B) can be mitigated 

3 or promoted. 

4 (3) CONSIDERATIONS.—In developing rec5 ommendations pursuant to paragraph (1), the Na6 tional Academy of Sciences shall consider the fol7 lowing: 

8 (A) The ongoing efforts of the President to 

9 create jobs in the United States by improving 

10 the ability of United States manufacturing fa11 cilities to compete in the global economy. 

12 (B) The reorganization of Federal depart13 ments and agencies. 

14 (C) Measures undertaken by Congress to 

15 reduce the deficit. 

16 (c) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the devel17 opment of the recommendations under this section, the 

18 Secretary of Commerce shall submit to Congress a report 

19 describing such recommendations. 

20 (d) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There is 

21 authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Com22 merce to carry out this section such sums as may be nec23 essary to carry out this section. 


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1 SEC. 10. ASSESSMENT OF DISTORTIVE ECONOMIC POLI2 CIES. 

3 (a) BIENNIAL REPORT OF UNITED STATES INTER4 NATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION.— 

5 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after 

6 the date of the enactment of this Act and not less 

7 frequently than once every 2 years thereafter, the 

8 United States International Trade Commission shall 

9 submit a report to Congress and the President that 

10 quantifies the effects of distortive or discriminatory 

11 economic policies of foreign countries, inclusive of 

12 any overarching policy or systematic approach, such 

13 as discrimination against United States companies, 

14 trading monopolies, restrictive government procure15 ment policies or practices, tax policies or pref16 erences, foreign direct investment policies or prac17 tices, standards or subsidies, restrictive domestic fi18 nancial policies, and intellectual property theft in 

19 terms of their potential adverse effect on the eco20 nomic or commercial interests of United States in21 dustries, producers, and employees as outlined in the 

22 National Trade Estimate. The Commission shall as23 sess the effects of countries, practices, and indus24 tries in the National Trade Estimate, and other ex25 isting trade reports if appropriate, that are commer26 cially significant and pose the greatest potential opVerDate Mar 15 2010 21:54 Nov 04, 2013 Jkt 039200 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\S1615.IS S1615

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1 portunity or threat to the United States over the 

2 next 10 years. 

3 (2) ELEMENTS.—Each report submitted under 

4 paragraph (1) shall include the following: 

5 (A) Qualitative indicators of specific poli6 cies and practices that may be unfair, distor7 tive, or anti-competitive carried out by specific 

8 foreign countries and an assessment of the rel9 ative significance of such policies and practices. 

10 (B) An assessment of resources spent in 

11 foreign countries that are being used to pre12 clude exports of United States goods and serv13 ices, United States interests, or to support the 

14 development of technologies, manufacturing 

15 base, and businesses that compete directly with 

16 United States businesses. 

17 (3) FACILITATION.—To assist in the prepara18 tion of each report required by paragraph (1), the 

19 Commission shall facilitate the reporting by inter20 ested persons of distortive economic policies and 

21 practices, where possible. 

22 (b) REPORT BY COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF THE

23 UNITED STATES.—Not later than 1 year after the initial 

24 International Trade Commission report which includes the 

25 requirements under this section, the Comptroller General 


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1 of the United States shall submit to Congress a report 

2 that— 

3 (1) assesses the effectiveness of— 

4 (A) the recommendations carried out or 

5 implemented by trade agencies including actions 

6 taken to mitigate distortive economic policies 

7 and practices of countries, with emphasis on the 

8 most egregious problems; and 

9 (B) recommendations identified by such 

10 agencies that were not carried out or were un11 successful; 

12 (2) identifies gaps in trade or foreign economic 

13 policies of the United States which should be ad14 dressed by the executive branch or by legislation; 

15 and 

16 (3) identifies agencies or programs which have 

17 successfully implemented policies to discourage dis18 tortive economic activities, including— 

19 (A) specific steps taken by each program 

20 to reduce such policies and practices; 

21 (B) recommendations on how these entities 

22 can improve their awareness and monitoring of 

23 distortive economic policies or practices and de24 velop programs to discourage their use; and 


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1 (C) other information which may help in2 form efforts to develop programs to combat 

3 these policies and practices. 

4 SEC. 11. LIMITATION ON GOVERNMENT PRINTING COSTS. 

5 Not later than 180 days after the date of the enact6 ment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Manage7 ment and Budget shall coordinate with the heads of Fed8 eral departments and independent agencies— 

9 (1) to determine which Government publications 

10 could be available on Government Internet websites 

11 and no longer printed; 

12 (2) to devise a strategy to reduce overall Gov13 ernment printing costs over the 10-year period be14 ginning on the first day of the first fiscal year begin15 ning after the date of the enactment of this Act, ex16 cept that the Director shall ensure that essential 

17 printed documents prepared for social security re18 cipients, Medicare beneficiaries, and other popu19 lations in areas with limited Internet access or use 

20 continue to remain available; 

21 (3) to establish Government-wide Federal 

22 guidelines on employee printing; 

23 (4) to issue on the Office of Management and 

24 Budget’s public Internet website the results of a 

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1 nature system and on establishing employee printing 

2 identification systems, such as the use of individual 

3 employee cards or codes; and 

4 (5) to monitor the amount of printing done by 

5 Federal employees, except that the Director of the 

6 Office of Management and Budget shall ensure that 

7 Federal employee printing costs unrelated to na8 tional defense, homeland security, border security, 

9 national disasters, and other emergencies do not ex10 ceed $860,000,000 annually. 

Æ 


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