S. 1353 

One Hundred Thirteenth Congress 

of the 

United States of America 

AT THE SECOND SESSION 

Begun and held at the City of Washington on Friday, 

the third day of January, two thousand and fourteen 

An Act 

To provide for an ongoing, voluntary public-private partnership to improve cybersecurity, and to strengthen cybersecurity research and development, workforce development and education, and public awareness and preparedness, and for other purposes. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 

the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cybersecurity 

Enhancement Act of 2014’’. 

(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of this Act 

is as follows: 

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 

Sec. 2. Definitions. 

Sec. 3. No regulatory authority. 

Sec. 4. No additional funds authorized. 

TITLE I—PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION ON CYBERSECURITY 

Sec. 101. Public-private collaboration on cybersecurity. 

TITLE II—CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 

Sec. 201. Federal cybersecurity research and development. 

Sec. 202. Computer and network security research centers. 

Sec. 203. Cybersecurity automation and checklists for government systems. 

Sec. 204. National Institute of Standards and Technology cybersecurity research 

and development. 

TITLE III—EDUCATION AND WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT 

Sec. 301. Cybersecurity competitions and challenges. 

Sec. 302. Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program. 

TITLE IV—CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AND PREPAREDNESS 

Sec. 401. National cybersecurity awareness and education program. 

TITLE V—ADVANCEMENT OF CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL STANDARDS 

Sec. 501. Definitions. 

Sec. 502. International cybersecurity technical standards. 

Sec. 503. Cloud computing strategy. 

Sec. 504. Identity management research and development. 

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. 

In this Act: 

(1) CYBERSECURITY MISSION.—The term ‘‘cybersecurity mission’’ means activities that encompass the full range of threat 

reduction, vulnerability reduction, deterrence, international 

engagement, incident response, resiliency, and recovery policies 
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and activities, including computer network operations, information assurance, law enforcement, diplomacy, military, and intelligence missions as such activities relate to the security and 

stability of cyberspace. 

(2) INFORMATION SYSTEM.—The term ‘‘information system’’ 

has the meaning given that term in section 3502 of title 44, 

United States Code. 

SEC. 3. NO REGULATORY AUTHORITY. 

Nothing in this Act shall be construed to confer any regulatory 

authority on any Federal, State, tribal, or local department or 

agency. 

SEC. 4. NO ADDITIONAL FUNDS AUTHORIZED. 

No additional funds are authorized to carry out this Act, and 

the amendments made by this Act. This Act, and the amendments 

made by this Act, shall be carried out using amounts otherwise 

authorized or appropriated. 

TITLE I—PUBLIC-PRIVATE 

COLLABORATION ON CYBERSECURITY 

SEC. 101. PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION ON CYBERSECURITY. 

(a) CYBERSECURITY.—Section 2(c) of the National Institute of 

Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272(c)) is amended— 

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (15) through (22) as paragraphs (16) through (23), respectively; and 

(2) by inserting after paragraph (14) the following: 

‘‘(15) on an ongoing basis, facilitate and support the 

development of a voluntary, consensus-based, industry-led set 

of standards, guidelines, best practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes to cost-effectively reduce cyber risks to 

critical infrastructure (as defined under subsection (e));’’. 

(b) SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS.—Section 2 of the National Institute 

of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 272) is amended by 

adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(e) CYBER RISKS.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—In carrying out the activities under subsection (c)(15), the Director— 

‘‘(A) shall— 

‘‘(i) coordinate closely and regularly with relevant 

private sector personnel and entities, critical infrastructure owners and operators, and other relevant 

industry organizations, including Sector Coordinating 

Councils and Information Sharing and Analysis Centers, and incorporate industry expertise; 

‘‘(ii) consult with the heads of agencies with 

national security responsibilities, sector-specific agencies and other appropriate agencies, State and local 

governments, the governments of other nations, and 

international organizations; 

‘‘(iii) identify a prioritized, flexible, repeatable, 

performance-based, and cost-effective approach, 

including information security measures and controls, 
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that may be voluntarily adopted by owners and operators of critical infrastructure to help them identify, 

assess, and manage cyber risks; 

‘‘(iv) include methodologies— 

‘‘(I) to identify and mitigate impacts of the 

cybersecurity measures or controls on business 

confidentiality; and 

‘‘(II) to protect individual privacy and civil liberties; 

‘‘(v) incorporate voluntary consensus standards and 

industry best practices; 

‘‘(vi) align with voluntary international standards 

to the fullest extent possible; 

‘‘(vii) prevent duplication of regulatory processes 

and prevent conflict with or superseding of regulatory 

requirements, mandatory standards, and related processes; and 

‘‘(viii) include such other similar and consistent 

elements as the Director considers necessary; and 

‘‘(B) shall not prescribe or otherwise require— 

‘‘(i) the use of specific solutions; 

‘‘(ii) the use of specific information or communications technology products or services; or 

‘‘(iii) that information or communications technology products or services be designed, developed, 

or manufactured in a particular manner. 

‘‘(2) LIMITATION.—Information shared with or provided to 

the Institute for the purpose of the activities described under 

subsection (c)(15) shall not be used by any Federal, State, 

tribal, or local department or agency to regulate the activity 

of any entity. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed 

to modify any regulatory requirement to report or submit 

information to a Federal, State, tribal, or local department 

or agency. 

‘‘(3) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection: 

‘‘(A) CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE.—The term ‘critical 

infrastructure’ has the meaning given the term in section 

1016(e) of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C. 

5195c(e)). 

‘‘(B) SECTOR-SPECIFIC AGENCY.—The term ‘sector-specific agency’ means the Federal department or agency 

responsible for providing institutional knowledge and 

specialized expertise as well as leading, facilitating, or 

supporting the security and resilience programs and associated activities of its designated critical infrastructure sector 

in the all-hazards environment.’’. 

(c) STUDY AND REPORTS.— 

(1) STUDY.—The Comptroller General of the United States 

shall conduct a study that assesses— 

(A) the progress made by the Director of the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology in facilitating the 

development of standards and procedures to reduce cyber 

risks to critical infrastructure in accordance with section 

2(c)(15) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act, as added by this section; 

(B) the extent to which the Director’s facilitation efforts 

are consistent with the directive in such section that the 
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development of such standards and procedures be voluntary 

and led by industry representatives; 

(C) the extent to which other Federal agencies have 

promoted and sectors of critical infrastructure (as defined 

in section 1016(e) of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (42 

U.S.C. 5195c(e))) have adopted a voluntary, industry-led 

set of standards, guidelines, best practices, methodologies, 

procedures, and processes to reduce cyber risks to critical 

infrastructure in accordance with such section 2(c)(15); 

(D) the reasons behind the decisions of sectors of critical infrastructure (as defined in subparagraph (C)) to adopt 

or to not adopt the voluntary standards described in 

subparagraph (C); and 

(E) the extent to which such voluntary standards have 

proved successful in protecting critical infrastructure from 

cyber threats. 

(2) REPORTS.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the 

enactment of this Act, and every 2 years thereafter for the 

following 6 years, the Comptroller General shall submit a 

report, which summarizes the findings of the study conducted 

under paragraph (1), to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 

and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on 

Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives. 

TITLE II—CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH 

AND DEVELOPMENT 

SEC. 201. FEDERAL CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 

(a) FUNDAMENTAL CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH.— (1) FEDERAL CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

STRATEGIC PLAN.—The heads of the applicable agencies and 

departments, working through the National Science and Technology Council and the Networking and Information Technology 

Research and Development Program, shall develop and update 

every 4 years a Federal cybersecurity research and development 

strategic plan (referred to in this subsection as the ‘‘strategic 

plan’’) based on an assessment of cybersecurity risk to guide 

the overall direction of Federal cybersecurity and information 

assurance research and development for information technology 

and networking systems. The heads of the applicable agencies 

and departments shall build upon existing programs and plans 

to develop the strategic plan to meet objectives in cybersecurity, 

such as— 

(A) how to design and build complex software-intensive 

systems that are secure and reliable when first deployed; 

(B) how to test and verify that software and hardware, 

whether developed locally or obtained from a third party, 

is free of significant known security flaws; 

(C) how to test and verify that software and hardware 

obtained from a third party correctly implements stated 

functionality, and only that functionality; 

(D) how to guarantee the privacy of an individual, 

including that individual’s identity, information, and lawful 

transactions when stored in distributed systems or transmitted over networks; 
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(E) how to build new protocols to enable the Internet 

to have robust security as one of the key capabilities of 

the Internet; 

(F) how to determine the origin of a message transmitted over the Internet; 

(G) how to support privacy in conjunction with 

improved security; 

(H) how to address the problem of insider threats; 

(I) how improved consumer education and digital literacy initiatives can address human factors that contribute 

to cybersecurity; 

(J) how to protect information processed, transmitted, 

or stored using cloud computing or transmitted through 

wireless services; and 

(K) any additional objectives the heads of the applicable 

agencies and departments, in coordination with the head 

of any relevant Federal agency and with input from stakeholders, including appropriate national laboratories, 

industry, and academia, determine appropriate. 

(2) REQUIREMENTS.— 

(A) CONTENTS OF PLAN.—The strategic plan shall— 

(i) specify and prioritize near-term, mid-term, and 

long-term research objectives, including objectives associated with the research identified in section 4(a)(1) 

of the Cyber Security Research and Development Act 

(15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(1)); 

(ii) specify how the near-term objectives described 

in clause (i) complement research and development 

areas in which the private sector is actively engaged; 

(iii) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies and departments will focus on innovative, transformational technologies with the potential to enhance 

the security, reliability, resilience, and trustworthiness 

of the digital infrastructure, and to protect consumer 

privacy; 

(iv) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies and departments will foster the rapid transfer 

of research and development results into new cybersecurity technologies and applications for the timely benefit of society and the national interest, including 

through the dissemination of best practices and other 

outreach activities; 

(v) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies and departments will establish and maintain a 

national research infrastructure for creating, testing, 

and evaluating the next generation of secure networking and information technology systems; and 

(vi) describe how the heads of the applicable agencies and departments will facilitate access by academic 

researchers to the infrastructure described in clause 

(v), as well as to relevant data, including event data. 

(B) PRIVATE SECTOR EFFORTS.—In developing, implementing, and updating the strategic plan, the heads of 

the applicable agencies and departments, working through 

the National Science and Technology Council and Networking and Information Technology Research and 

Development Program, shall work in close cooperation with 
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industry, academia, and other interested stakeholders to 

ensure, to the extent possible, that Federal cybersecurity 

research and development is not duplicative of private 

sector efforts. 

(C) RECOMMENDATIONS.—In developing and updating 

the strategic plan the heads of the applicable agencies 

and departments shall solicit recommendations and advice 

from— 

(i) the advisory committee established under section 101(b)(1) of the High-Performance Computing Act 

of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(b)(1)); and 

(ii) a wide range of stakeholders, including 

industry, academia, including representatives of 

minority serving institutions and community colleges, 

National Laboratories, and other relevant organizations and institutions. 

(D) IMPLEMENTATION ROADMAP.—The heads of the 

applicable agencies and departments, working through the 

National Science and Technology Council and Networking 

and Information Technology Research and Development 

Program, shall develop and annually update an 

implementation roadmap for the strategic plan. The 

implementation roadmap shall— 

(i) specify the role of each Federal agency in carrying out or sponsoring research and development to 

meet the research objectives of the strategic plan, 

including a description of how progress toward the 

research objectives will be evaluated; 

(ii) specify the funding allocated to each major 

research objective of the strategic plan and the source 

of funding by agency for the current fiscal year; 

(iii) estimate the funding required for each major 

research objective of the strategic plan for the following 

3 fiscal years; and 

(iv) track ongoing and completed Federal cybersecurity research and development projects. 

(3) REPORTS TO CONGRESS.—The heads of the applicable 

agencies and departments, working through the National 

Science and Technology Council and Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program, shall 

submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 

and Technology of the House of Representatives— 

(A) the strategic plan not later than 1 year after the 

date of enactment of this Act; 

(B) each quadrennial update to the strategic plan; and 

(C) the implementation roadmap under subparagraph 

(D), and its annual updates, which shall be appended to 

the annual report required under section 101(a)(2)(D) of 

the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 

5511(a)(2)(D)). 

(4) DEFINITION OF APPLICABLE AGENCIES AND DEPART- MENTS.—In this subsection, the term ‘‘applicable agencies and 

departments’’ means the agencies and departments identified 

in clauses (i) through (x) of section 101(a)(3)(B) of the HighPerformance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511(a)(3)(B)) 

or designated under clause (xi) of that section. 
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(b) CYBERSECURITY PRACTICES RESEARCH.—The Director of the 

National Science Foundation shall support research that— 

(1) develops, evaluates, disseminates, and integrates new 

cybersecurity practices and concepts into the core curriculum 

of computer science programs and of other programs where 

graduates of such programs have a substantial probability of 

developing software after graduation, including new practices 

and concepts relating to secure coding education and improvement programs; and 

(2) develops new models for professional development of 

faculty in cybersecurity education, including secure coding 

development. 

(c) CYBERSECURITY MODELING AND TEST BEDS.— 

(1) REVIEW.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Science 

and Technology Policy, shall conduct a review of cybersecurity 

test beds in existence on the date of enactment of this Act 

to inform the grants under paragraph (2). The review shall 

include an assessment of whether a sufficient number of cybersecurity test beds are available to meet the research needs 

under the Federal cybersecurity research and development strategic plan. Upon completion, the Director shall submit the 

review to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, 

and Technology of the House of Representatives. 

(2) ADDITIONAL CYBERSECURITY MODELING AND TEST

BEDS.— (A) IN GENERAL.—If the Director of the National 

Science Foundation, after the review under paragraph (1), 

determines that the research needs under the Federal 

cybersecurity research and development strategic plan 

require the establishment of additional cybersecurity test 

beds, the Director of the National Science Foundation, in 

coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, may award grants to institutions of higher education or research and development nonprofit institutions to establish cybersecurity test beds. 

(B) REQUIREMENT.—The cybersecurity test beds under 

subparagraph (A) shall be sufficiently robust in order to 

model the scale and complexity of real-time cyber attacks 

and defenses on real world networks and environments. 

(C) ASSESSMENT REQUIRED.—The Director of the 

National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall evaluate the effectiveness of any grants awarded 

under this subsection in meeting the objectives of the Federal cybersecurity research and development strategic plan 

not later than 2 years after the review under paragraph 

(1) of this subsection, and periodically thereafter. 

(d) COORDINATION WITH OTHER RESEARCH INITIATIVES.—In 

accordance with the responsibilities under section 101 of the HighPerformance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511), the Director 

of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall coordinate, 

to the extent practicable, Federal research and development activities under this section with other ongoing research and development 

security-related initiatives, including research being conducted by— 
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(1) the National Science Foundation; 

(2) the National Institute of Standards and Technology; 

(3) the Department of Homeland Security; 

(4) other Federal agencies; 

(5) other Federal and private research laboratories, 

research entities, and universities; 

(6) institutions of higher education; 

(7) relevant nonprofit organizations; and 

(8) international partners of the United States. 

(e) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION COMPUTER AND NETWORK

SECURITY RESEARCH GRANT AREAS.—Section 4(a)(1) of the Cyber 

Security Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(a)(1)) is 

amended— 

(1) in subparagraph (H), by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end; 

(2) in subparagraph (I), by striking the period at the end 

and inserting a semicolon; and 

(3) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(J) secure fundamental protocols that are integral to 

inter-network communications and data exchange; 

‘‘(K) secure software engineering and software assurance, including— 

‘‘(i) programming languages and systems that 

include fundamental security features; 

‘‘(ii) portable or reusable code that remains secure 

when deployed in various environments; 

‘‘(iii) verification and validation technologies to 

ensure that requirements and specifications have been 

implemented; and 

‘‘(iv) models for comparison and metrics to assure 

that required standards have been met; 

‘‘(L) holistic system security that— 

‘‘(i) addresses the building of secure systems from 

trusted and untrusted components; 

‘‘(ii) proactively reduces vulnerabilities; 

‘‘(iii) addresses insider threats; and 

‘‘(iv) supports privacy in conjunction with improved 

security; 

‘‘(M) monitoring and detection; 

‘‘(N) mitigation and rapid recovery methods; 

‘‘(O) security of wireless networks and mobile devices; 

and 

‘‘(P) security of cloud infrastructure and services.’’. 

(f) RESEARCH ON THE SCIENCE OF CYBERSECURITY.—The head 

of each agency and department identified under section 101(a)(3)(B) 

of the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 

5511(a)(3)(B)), through existing programs and activities, shall support research that will lead to the development of a scientific 

foundation for the field of cybersecurity, including research that 

increases understanding of the underlying principles of securing 

complex networked systems, enables repeatable experimentation, 

and creates quantifiable security metrics. 

SEC. 202. COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY RESEARCH CENTERS. 

Section 4(b) of the Cyber Security Research and Development 

Act (15 U.S.C. 7403(b)) is amended— 

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking ‘‘the research areas’’ and 

inserting the following: ‘‘improving the security and resiliency 
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of information technology, reducing cyber vulnerabilities, and 

anticipating and mitigating consequences of cyber attacks on 

critical infrastructure, by conducting research in the areas’’; 

(2) by striking ‘‘the center’’ in paragraph (4)(D) and 

inserting ‘‘the Center’’; and 

(3) in paragraph (5)— 

(A) by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of subparagraph (C); 

(B) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph 

(D) and inserting a semicolon; and 

(C) by adding at the end the following: 

‘‘(E) the demonstrated capability of the applicant to 

conduct high performance computation integral to complex 

computer and network security research, through on-site 

or off-site computing; 

‘‘(F) the applicant’s affiliation with private sector entities involved with industrial research described in subsection (a)(1); 

‘‘(G) the capability of the applicant to conduct research 

in a secure environment; 

‘‘(H) the applicant’s affiliation with existing research 

programs of the Federal Government; 

‘‘(I) the applicant’s experience managing public-private 

partnerships to transition new technologies into a commercial setting or the government user community; 

‘‘(J) the capability of the applicant to conduct interdisciplinary cybersecurity research, basic and applied, such 

as in law, economics, or behavioral sciences; and 

‘‘(K) the capability of the applicant to conduct research 

in areas such as systems security, wireless security, networking and protocols, formal methods and high-performance computing, nanotechnology, or industrial control systems.’’. 

SEC. 203. CYBERSECURITY AUTOMATION AND CHECKLISTS FOR 

GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS. 

Section 8(c) of the Cyber Security Research and Development 

Act (15 U.S.C. 7406(c)) is amended to read as follows: 

‘‘(c) SECURITY AUTOMATION AND CHECKLISTS FOR GOVERNMENT

SYSTEMS.— 

‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Institute 

of Standards and Technology shall, as necessary, develop and 

revise security automation standards, associated reference 

materials (including protocols), and checklists providing settings and option selections that minimize the security risks 

associated with each information technology hardware or software system and security tool that is, or is likely to become, 

widely used within the Federal Government, thereby enabling 

standardized and interoperable technologies, architectures, and 

frameworks for continuous monitoring of information security 

within the Federal Government. 

‘‘(2) PRIORITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT.—The Director of the 

National Institute of Standards and Technology shall establish 

priorities for the development of standards, reference materials, 

and checklists under this subsection on the basis of— 

‘‘(A) the security risks associated with the use of the 

system; 
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‘‘(B) the number of agencies that use a particular 

system or security tool; 

‘‘(C) the usefulness of the standards, reference materials, or checklists to Federal agencies that are users or 

potential users of the system; 

‘‘(D) the effectiveness of the associated standard, reference material, or checklist in creating or enabling continuous monitoring of information security; or 

‘‘(E) such other factors as the Director of the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology determines to be 

appropriate. 

‘‘(3) EXCLUDED SYSTEMS.—The Director of the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology may exclude from the 

application of paragraph (1) any information technology hardware or software system or security tool for which such Director 

determines that the development of a standard, reference material, or checklist is inappropriate because of the infrequency 

of use of the system, the obsolescence of the system, or the 

lack of utility or impracticability of developing a standard, 

reference material, or checklist for the system. 

‘‘(4) DISSEMINATION OF STANDARDS AND RELATED MATERIALS.—The Director of the National Institute of Standards 

and Technology shall ensure that Federal agencies are informed 

of the availability of any standard, reference material, checklist, 

or other item developed under this subsection. 

‘‘(5) AGENCY USE REQUIREMENTS.—The development of 

standards, reference materials, and checklists under paragraph 

(1) for an information technology hardware or software system 

or tool does not— 

‘‘(A) require any Federal agency to select the specific 

settings or options recommended by the standard, reference 

material, or checklist for the system; 

‘‘(B) establish conditions or prerequisites for Federal 

agency procurement or deployment of any such system; 

‘‘(C) imply an endorsement of any such system by 

the Director of the National Institute of Standards and 

Technology; or 

‘‘(D) preclude any Federal agency from procuring or 

deploying other information technology hardware or software systems for which no such standard, reference material, or checklist has been developed or identified under 

paragraph (1).’’. 

SEC. 204. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 

CYBERSECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 

Section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3) is amended— 

(1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and 

(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: 

‘‘(e) INTRAMURAL SECURITY RESEARCH.—As part of the research 

activities conducted in accordance with subsection (d)(3), the 

Institute shall, to the extent practicable and appropriate— 

‘‘(1) conduct a research program to develop a unifying and 

standardized identity, privilege, and access control management 

framework for the execution of a wide variety of resource protection policies and that is amenable to implementation within 
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a wide variety of existing and emerging computing environments; 

‘‘(2) carry out research associated with improving the security of information systems and networks; 

‘‘(3) carry out research associated with improving the 

testing, measurement, usability, and assurance of information 

systems and networks; 

‘‘(4) carry out research associated with improving security 

of industrial control systems; 

‘‘(5) carry out research associated with improving the security and integrity of the information technology supply chain; 

and 

‘‘(6) carry out any additional research the Institute determines appropriate.’’. 

TITLE III—EDUCATION AND 

WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT 

SEC. 301. CYBERSECURITY COMPETITIONS AND CHALLENGES. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Commerce, Director of the 

National Science Foundation, and Secretary of Homeland Security, 

in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall— 

(1) support competitions and challenges under section 24 

of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 

(15 U.S.C. 3719) (as amended by section 105 of the America 

COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (124 Stat. 3989)) or 

any other provision of law, as appropriate— 

(A) to identify, develop, and recruit talented individuals 

to perform duties relating to the security of information 

technology in Federal, State, local, and tribal government 

agencies, and the private sector; or 

(B) to stimulate innovation in basic and applied cybersecurity research, technology development, and prototype 

demonstration that has the potential for application to 

the information technology activities of the Federal Government; and 

(2) ensure the effective operation of the competitions and 

challenges under this section. 

(b) PARTICIPATION.—Participants in the competitions and challenges under subsection (a)(1) may include— 

(1) students enrolled in grades 9 through 12; 

(2) students enrolled in a postsecondary program of study 

leading to a baccalaureate degree at an institution of higher 

education; 

(3) students enrolled in a postbaccalaureate program of 

study at an institution of higher education; 

(4) institutions of higher education and research institutions; 

(5) veterans; and 

(6) other groups or individuals that the Secretary of Commerce, Director of the National Science Foundation, and Secretary of Homeland Security determine appropriate. 

(c) AFFILIATION AND COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—Competitions 

and challenges under this section may be carried out through affiliation and cooperative agreements with— 
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(1) Federal agencies; 

(2) regional, State, or school programs supporting the 

development of cyber professionals; 

(3) State, local, and tribal governments; or 

(4) other private sector organizations. 

(d) AREAS OF SKILL.—Competitions and challenges under subsection (a)(1)(A) shall be designed to identify, develop, and recruit 

exceptional talent relating to— 

(1) ethical hacking; 

(2) penetration testing; 

(3) vulnerability assessment; 

(4) continuity of system operations; 

(5) security in design; 

(6) cyber forensics; 

(7) offensive and defensive cyber operations; and 

(8) other areas the Secretary of Commerce, Director of 

the National Science Foundation, and Secretary of Homeland 

Security consider necessary to fulfill the cybersecurity mission. 

(e) TOPICS.—In selecting topics for competitions and challenges 

under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary of Commerce, Director of 

the National Science Foundation, and Secretary of Homeland Security— 

(1) shall consult widely both within and outside the Federal 

Government; and 

(2) may empanel advisory committees. 

(f) INTERNSHIPS.—The Director of the Office of Personnel 

Management may support, as appropriate, internships or other 

work experience in the Federal Government to the winners of 

the competitions and challenges under this section. 

SEC. 302. FEDERAL CYBER SCHOLARSHIP-FOR-SERVICE PROGRAM. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Personnel 

Management and Secretary of Homeland Security, shall continue 

a Federal cyber scholarship-for-service program to recruit and train 

the next generation of information technology professionals, industrial control system security professionals, and security managers 

to meet the needs of the cybersecurity mission for Federal, State, 

local, and tribal governments. 

(b) PROGRAM DESCRIPTION AND COMPONENTS.—The Federal 

Cyber Scholarship-for-Service Program shall— 

(1) provide scholarships through qualified institutions of 

higher education, including community colleges, to students 

who are enrolled in programs of study at institutions of higher 

education leading to degrees or specialized program certifications in the cybersecurity field; 

(2) provide the scholarship recipients with summer internship opportunities or other meaningful temporary appointments 

in the Federal information technology workforce; and 

(3) prioritize the employment placement of scholarship 

recipients in the Federal Government. 

(c) SCHOLARSHIP AMOUNTS.—Each scholarship under subsection 

(b) shall be in an amount that covers the student’s tuition and 

fees at the institution under subsection (b)(1) for not more than 

3 years and provides the student with an additional stipend. 
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(d) POST-AWARD EMPLOYMENT OBLIGATIONS.—Each scholarship 

recipient, as a condition of receiving a scholarship under the program, shall enter into an agreement under which the recipient 

agrees to work in the cybersecurity mission of a Federal, State, 

local, or tribal agency for a period equal to the length of the 

scholarship following receipt of the student’s degree. 

(e) HIRING AUTHORITY.— 

(1) APPOINTMENT IN EXCEPTED SERVICE.—Notwithstanding 

any provision of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code, 

governing appointments in the competitive service, an agency 

shall appoint in the excepted service an individual who has 

completed the eligible degree program for which a scholarship 

was awarded. 

(2) NONCOMPETITIVE CONVERSION.—Except as provided in 

paragraph (4), upon fulfillment of the service term, an employee 

appointed under paragraph (1) may be converted noncompetitively to term, career-conditional or career appointment. 

(3) TIMING OF CONVERSION.—An agency may noncompetitively convert a term employee appointed under paragraph 

(2) to a career-conditional or career appointment before the 

term appointment expires. 

(4) AUTHORITY TO DECLINE CONVERSION.—An agency may 

decline to make the noncompetitive conversion or appointment 

under paragraph (2) for cause. 

(f) ELIGIBILITY.—To be eligible to receive a scholarship under 

this section, an individual shall— 

(1) be a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United 

States; 

(2) demonstrate a commitment to a career in improving 

the security of information technology; 

(3) have demonstrated a high level of proficiency in mathematics, engineering, or computer sciences; 

(4) be a full-time student in an eligible degree program 

at a qualified institution of higher education, as determined 

by the Director of the National Science Foundation; and 

(5) accept the terms of a scholarship under this section. 

(g) CONDITIONS OF SUPPORT.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—As a condition of receiving a scholarship 

under this section, a recipient shall agree to provide the qualified institution of higher education with annual verifiable documentation of post-award employment and up-to-date contact 

information. 

(2) TERMS.—A scholarship recipient under this section shall 

be liable to the United States as provided in subsection (i) 

if the individual— 

(A) fails to maintain an acceptable level of academic 

standing at the applicable institution of higher education, 

as determined by the Director of the National Science 

Foundation; 

(B) is dismissed from the applicable institution of 

higher education for disciplinary reasons; 

(C) withdraws from the eligible degree program before 

completing the program; 

(D) declares that the individual does not intend to 

fulfill the post-award employment obligation under this 

section; or 
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(E) fails to fulfill the post-award employment obligation 

of the individual under this section. 

(h) MONITORING COMPLIANCE.—As a condition of participating 

in the program, a qualified institution of higher education shall— 

(1) enter into an agreement with the Director of the 

National Science Foundation, to monitor the compliance of 

scholarship recipients with respect to their post-award employment obligations; and 

(2) provide to the Director of the National Science Foundation, on an annual basis, the post-award employment documentation required under subsection (g)(1) for scholarship 

recipients through the completion of their post-award employment obligations. 

(i) AMOUNT OF REPAYMENT.— 

(1) LESS THAN 1 YEAR OF SERVICE.—If a circumstance 

described in subsection (g)(2) occurs before the completion of 

1 year of a post-award employment obligation under this section, the total amount of scholarship awards received by the 

individual under this section shall— 

(A) be repaid; or 

(B) be treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance 

with subsection (j). 

(2) 1 OR MORE YEARS OF SERVICE.—If a circumstance 

described in subparagraph (D) or (E) of subsection (g)(2) occurs 

after the completion of 1 or more years of a post-award employment obligation under this section, the total amount of scholarship awards received by the individual under this section, 

reduced by the ratio of the number of years of service completed 

divided by the number of years of service required, shall— 

(A) be repaid; or 

(B) be treated as a loan to be repaid in accordance 

with subsection (j). 

(j) REPAYMENTS.—A loan described subsection (i) shall— 

(1) be treated as a Federal Direct Unsubsidized Stafford 

Loan under part D of title IV of the Higher Education Act 

of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq.); and 

(2) be subject to repayment, together with interest thereon 

accruing from the date of the scholarship award, in accordance 

with terms and conditions specified by the Director of the 

National Science Foundation (in consultation with the Secretary 

of Education) in regulations promulgated to carry out this 

subsection. 

(k) COLLECTION OF REPAYMENT.— 

(1) IN GENERAL.—In the event that a scholarship recipient 

is required to repay the scholarship award under this section, 

the qualified institution of higher education providing the scholarship shall— 

(A) determine the repayment amounts and notify the 

recipient and the Director of the National Science Foundation of the amounts owed; and 

(B) collect the repayment amounts within a period 

of time as determined by the Director of the National 

Science Foundation, or the repayment amounts shall be 

treated as a loan in accordance with subsection (j). 

(2) RETURNED TO TREASURY.—Except as provided in paragraph (3), any repayment under this subsection shall be 

returned to the Treasury of the United States. 
S. 1353—15 

(3) RETAIN PERCENTAGE.—A qualified institution of higher 

education may retain a percentage of any repayment the 

institution collects under this subsection to defray administrative costs associated with the collection. The Director of the 

National Science Foundation shall establish a single, fixed 

percentage that will apply to all eligible entities. 

(l) EXCEPTIONS.—The Director of the National Science Foundation may provide for the partial or total waiver or suspension 

of any service or payment obligation by an individual under this 

section whenever compliance by the individual with the obligation 

is impossible or would involve extreme hardship to the individual, 

or if enforcement of such obligation with respect to the individual 

would be unconscionable. 

(m) EVALUATION AND REPORT.—The Director of the National 

Science Foundation shall evaluate and report periodically to Congress on the success of recruiting individuals for scholarships under 

this section and on hiring and retaining those individuals in the 

public sector workforce. 

TITLE IV—CYBERSECURITY 

AWARENESS AND PREPAREDNESS 

SEC. 401. NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AND EDUCATION 

PROGRAM. 

(a) NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS AND EDUCATION PRO- GRAM.—The Director of the National Institute of Standards and 

Technology (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Director’’), in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies, industry, educational 

institutions, National Laboratories, the Networking and Information 

Technology Research and Development program, and other 

organizations shall continue to coordinate a national cybersecurity 

awareness and education program, that includes activities such 

as— 

(1) the widespread dissemination of cybersecurity technical 

standards and best practices identified by the Director; 

(2) efforts to make cybersecurity best practices usable by 

individuals, small to medium-sized businesses, educational 

institutions, and State, local, and tribal governments; 

(3) increasing public awareness of cybersecurity, cyber 

safety, and cyber ethics; 

(4) increasing the understanding of State, local, and tribal 

governments, institutions of higher education, and private 

sector entities of— 

(A) the benefits of ensuring effective risk management 

of information technology versus the costs of failure to 

do so; and 

(B) the methods to mitigate and remediate 

vulnerabilities; 

(5) supporting formal cybersecurity education programs at 

all education levels to prepare and improve a skilled cybersecurity and computer science workforce for the private sector and 

Federal, State, local, and tribal government; and 

(6) promoting initiatives to evaluate and forecast future 

cybersecurity workforce needs of the Federal Government and 

develop strategies for recruitment, training, and retention. 
S. 1353—16 

(b) CONSIDERATIONS.—In carrying out the authority described 

in subsection (a), the Director, in consultation with appropriate 

Federal agencies, shall leverage existing programs designed to 

inform the public of safety and security of products or services, 

including self-certifications and independently verified assessments 

regarding the quantification and valuation of information security 

risk. 

(c) STRATEGIC PLAN.—The Director, in cooperation with relevant 

Federal agencies and other stakeholders, shall build upon programs 

and plans in effect as of the date of enactment of this Act to 

develop and implement a strategic plan to guide Federal programs 

and activities in support of the national cybersecurity awareness 

and education program under subsection (a). 

(d) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 

of this Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Director shall transmit 

the strategic plan under subsection (c) to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives. 

TITLE V—ADVANCEMENT OF CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL STANDARDS 

SEC. 501. DEFINITIONS. 

In this title: 

(1) DIRECTOR.—The term ‘‘Director’’ means the Director 

of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 

(2) INSTITUTE.—The term ‘‘Institute’’ means the National 

Institute of Standards and Technology. 

SEC. 502. INTERNATIONAL CYBERSECURITY TECHNICAL STANDARDS. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in coordination with appropriate Federal authorities, shall— 

(1) as appropriate, ensure coordination of Federal agencies 

engaged in the development of international technical standards related to information system security; and 

(2) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 

this Act, develop and transmit to Congress a plan for ensuring 

such Federal agency coordination. 

(b) CONSULTATION WITH THE PRIVATE SECTOR.—In carrying 

out the activities specified in subsection (a)(1), the Director shall 

ensure consultation with appropriate private sector stakeholders. 

SEC. 503. CLOUD COMPUTING STRATEGY. 

(a) IN GENERAL.—The Director, in coordination with the Office 

of Management and Budget, in collaboration with the Federal Chief 

Information Officers Council, and in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies and stakeholders from the private sector, 

shall continue to develop and encourage the implementation of 

a comprehensive strategy for the use and adoption of cloud computing services by the Federal Government. 

(b) ACTIVITIES.—In carrying out the strategy described under 

subsection (a), the Director shall give consideration to activities 

that— 
S. 1353—17 

(1) accelerate the development, in collaboration with the 

private sector, of standards that address interoperability and 

portability of cloud computing services; 

(2) advance the development of conformance testing performed by the private sector in support of cloud computing 

standardization; and 

(3) support, in coordination with the Office of Management 

and Budget, and in consultation with the private sector, the 

development of appropriate security frameworks and reference 

materials, and the identification of best practices, for use by 

Federal agencies to address security and privacy requirements 

to enable the use and adoption of cloud computing services, 

including activities— 

(A) to ensure the physical security of cloud computing 

data centers and the data stored in such centers; 

(B) to ensure secure access to the data stored in cloud 

computing data centers; 

(C) to develop security standards as required under 

section 20 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278g–3); and 

(D) to support the development of the automation of 

continuous monitoring systems. 

SEC. 504. IDENTITY MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 

The Director shall continue a program to support the development of voluntary and cost-effective technical standards, metrology, 

testbeds, and conformance criteria, taking into account appropriate 

user concerns— 

(1) to improve interoperability among identity management 

technologies; 

(2) to strengthen authentication methods of identity 

management systems; 

(3) to improve privacy protection in identity management 

systems, including health information technology systems, 

through authentication and security protocols; and 

(4) to improve the usability of identity management systems. 

Speaker of the House of Representatives. 

Vice President of the United States and

President of the Senate.