TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS 

OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL 

State of California 

DANIEL E. LUNGREN 

Attorney General 

______________________________________ 

OPINION : 

 : No. 97-1209 

of : 

 : May 28, 1998 

DANIEL E. LUNGREN : 

Attorney General : 

 : 

ANTHONY M. SUMMERS : 

Deputy Attorney General : 

 : 

______________________________________________________________________ 

THE HONORABLE TOM J. BORDONARO, JR., MEMBER OF THE CALIFORNIA 

ASSEMBLY, has requested an opinion on the following question: 

When a tentative map has been validly "deemed approved" under the Subdivision Map Act 

by the failure of the legislative body of a city or county to take timely action to approve, 

conditionally approve, or disapprove it, is such map entitled to be treated in the same manner as 

a tentative map that has been approved by a vote of the legislative body? 

CONCLUSION 

When a tentative map has been validly "deemed approved" under the Subdivision Map Act 

by the failure of the legislative body of a city or county to take timely action to approve, 

conditionally approve, or disapprove it, such map is entitled to be treated in the same manner as 

a tentative map that has been approved by a vote of the legislative body, provided that the map 

complies with all applicable provisions of the Subdivision Map Act and local ordinances enacted 

thereunder. 

ANALYSIS 

The Subdivision Map Act (Gov. Code, §§ 66410-66499.37; "Act") Footnote No. 1 provides 

the legislative body of a city, county, or city and county, with the power to regulate the design 

and improvement of subdivisions within its jurisdiction. (See The Pines v. City of Santa Monica

(1981) 29 Cal.3d 656; Associated Home Builders, Inc. v. City of Walnut Creek (1971) 4 Cal.3d 

633; Benny v. City of Alameda (1980) 105 Cal.App.3d 1006.) A person proposing a subdivision 

creating five or more parcels must prepare and obtain approval of both a tentative and final 
subdivision map. (§ 66426.) The tentative map must be considered and approved, conditionally 

approved, or disapproved by either an advisory agency authorized to make the decision, or by the 

legislative body, within specified time limits. (§ 66452.2.) When these time limits are not met, 

the tentative map is "deemed approved" under the terms of section 66452.4: 

"If no action is taken upon a tentative map by an advisory agency which is authorized by 

local ordinance to approve, conditionally approve, or disapprove the tentative map or by the 

legislative body within the time limits specified in this chapter or any authorized extension 

thereof, the tentative map as filed, shall be deemed to be approved, insofar as it complies with 

other applicable requirements of this division and local ordinance, and it shall be the duty of the 

clerk of the legislative body to certify or state his or her approval." 

We are asked whether a tentative map that has been validly Footnote No. 2 "deemed 

approved" because it was not approved, conditionally approved, or disapproved by timely action 

of the legislative body of a local agency is entitled to the same treatment as a map that has been 

approved in a timely manner. We conclude that a deemed approved map is entitled to equal 

treatment provided that it complies with all applicable requirements of the Act and local 

ordinances enacted thereunder. 

We note initially that a tentative map that has been approved or conditionally approved 

generally expires 24 months after approval or conditional approval. (§ 66452.6, subd. (a).) An 

approved or conditionally approved map may be extended for various reasons, which may result 

in the map having a life of over 10 years. (See Griffis v. County of Mono (1985) 163 Cal.App.3d 

414, 428.) Extensions of tentative maps are authorized by sections 66452.6, 66452.11, 66452.13, 

and 66463.5, and each of these statutes refers to extensions of approved or conditionally 

approved maps. For example, subdivision (c) of section 66463.5 provides: 

"Upon application of the subdivider filed prior to the expiration of the approved or 

conditionally approved tentative map, the time at which the map expires may be extended by the 

legislative body or by an advisory agency authorized to approve or conditionally approve 

tentative maps for a period or periods not exceeding a total of five years. . . ." 

No express mention is made in these statutes of a "deemed approved" map. Is such a map 

eligible for equal treatment by being included within these statutes as an "approved" tentative 

map? 

In interpreting the Act, we rely on well-established principles of statutory construction. The 

words of a statute are to be given "their usual and ordinary meaning." (DaFonte v. Up-Right, Inc. 

(1992) 2 Cal.4th 593, 601.) When "statutory language is . . . clear and unambiguous there is no 

need for construction, and courts should not indulge in it." (Rojo v. Kliger (1990) 52 Cal.3d 65, 

73.) The plain meaning of words in a statute may be disregarded only when that meaning is 

"'repugnant to the general purview of the act,' or for some other compelling reason. . . ." (Tiernan

v. Trustees of Cal. State University & Colleges (1982) 33 Cal.3d 211, 219.) 

The term "deemed approved" with respect to a tentative map plainly means that the map is 

to be considered as having been approved. The words "deemed" and "considered" are 
synonymous. (See Webster's Third New Internat. Dict. (1971) pp. 483-484, 589.) That being the 

case, there is no reason why a "deemed approved" map should not be treated in the same manner 

as one that has actually been approved. Courts have determined that "deemed approval" is the 

legal equivalent of actual approval in a variety of circumstances. (See Ciani v. San Diego Trust 

& Savings Bank (1991) 233 Cal.App.3d 1604, 1613 ["a 'deemed approved' permit is a permit 

which bears all the legal entitlements of a tangible permit issued by the agency"]; Orsi v. City 

Council (1990) 219 Cal.App.3d 1576, 1588; Griffis v. County of Mono, supra, 163 Cal.App.3d at 

428-429; see also 62 Ops.Cal.Atty.Gen. 233, 243 (1979).) 

Section 66452.4, however, specifies that a tentative map is deemed approved only "insofar 

as it complies with all applicable requirements of [the Act] and local ordinance." Accordingly, a 

tentative map must conform to all applicable provisions of the Act and local ordinances enacted 

pursuant thereto if it is to qualify as being deemed approved under the statute. (See 

Pongputmong v. City of Santa Monica (1993) 15 Cal.App.4th 99, 105; Ciani v. San Diego Trust 

& Savings Bank, supra, 233 Cal.App.3d at 1618-1620; Great Western Sav. & Loan Assn. v. City 

of Los Angeles (1973) 31 Cal.App.3d 403, 408-410.) 

We conclude that when a tentative map has been validly deemed approved under the Act by 

the failure of the legislative body of a city or county to take timely action to approve, 

conditionally approve, or disapprove it, such map is entitled to be treated in the same manner as 

a tentative map that has been approved by a vote of the legislative body, provided that the map 

complies with all applicable provisions of the Act and local ordinances enacted thereunder. 

* * * * * 

Footnote No. 1 

All references to the Government Code hereafter will be by section number alone. 

Footnote No. 2 

We assume that the approval has met constitutional requirements such as prior notice and hearing. (See Horn v. 

County of Ventura (1979) 24 Cal.3d 605, 612-616; Selinger v. City Council (1989) 216 Cal.App.3d 259, 270.)