2015 Minerals Yearbook

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

COPPER [ADVANCE RELEASE]

October 2017
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE

Copper

By Mark Brininstool and Daniel M. Flanagan

Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Annie Hwang, statistical assistant, and the world production tables were 

prepared by Glenn J. Wallace, international data coordinator.

In 2015, the United States remained the fourth-ranked 

mine producer of copper behind Chile, China, and Peru, a

accounted for about 7% of global production (table 20). U.S. 

mine production of recoverable copper increased to 1.38 million 

metric tons (Mt), slightly greater than that of 2014, and the 

highest since 2000, when production was 1.45 Mt. The principal 

mining States for copper, in descending order of production, 

Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Montana, and Michigan, 

accounted for more than 99% of domestic production; copper 

was also recovered at mines in Idaho and Missouri. Although 

copper was recovered at 26 mines in the United States during 

2015, 18 mines accounted for more than 99% of production 

(table 2). The remaining mines were either small leach operations 

or byproduct producers of copper.

Global mine production increased by 4% to 19.1 Mt. Chile’s

mined copper production was essentially unchanged and it 

remained the leading world producer. It accounted for 30% 

of global production and produced about 4 Mt more than the 

second-ranked producer, China, which accounted for 9% of

global production. Peru was the third-ranked producer and

accounted for 9% of global production. The remaining countries 

among the 10 leading producers were, in descending order of 

production, the United States, Congo (Kinshasa), Australia,

Russia, Zambia, Canada, and Mexico. Fifty-two countries wer

known to have mined copper in 2015. The 10 leading producers 

accounted for 80% of production, and the 20 leading producers 

accounted for 95% of production (table 20).

Global smelter production increased by 4% in 2015 and 

refinery production rose slightly owing to across-the-board 

increases in primary electrolytic and electrowon and secondary 

refinery production. The United States ranked ninth in copper 

smelter production and accounted for 3% of world production 

(table 21). The United States accounted for 5% of world refined 

copper production and remained the fourth-leading producer 

behind China (35%), Chile (12%), and Japan (6%) (table 22

In 2015, copper recovered from refined or remelted scrap in 

the United States totaled 805,000 metric tons (t) (about 79% 

from new scrap and 21% from old scrap) and accounted for 

33% of the total U.S. copper supply. The conversion of new 

and old scrap to alloys and refined copper decreased by 5% and 

4%, respectively (tables 1, 6). In addition to scrap consumed 

domestically, an additional 955,000 t of scrap (gross weight) 

was exported, the majority of which was thought to be old scrap 

(table 18). Copper scrap exports reached a record high of 1.2 Mt

in 2011, which corresponded with the record-high annual average 

price for copper. Copper was consumed as refined copper and as 

direct melt scrap at about 30 brass mills; 13 wire-rod mills; and 

500 chemical plants, foundries, and miscellaneous operations.

According to data compiled by the International Copper Study

Group (ICSG) (2016a, p. 9, 19–20), global consumption of

refined copper was essentially unchanged from that of 2014 at 

23.0 Mt owing to lower growth in China relative to the previous

year. In 2015, apparent consumption in China increased by 3%

to about 11.4 Mt, accounting for 49% of global consumption, 

compared with an increase of 14% during 2014. The ICSG

calculation of China’s apparent consumption was based on

reported production, trade, and Shanghai Futures Exchange

(SHFE) stock data and did not include unreported Government

or industry stocks, which can fluctuate significantly on an 

annual basis. Consumption in the United States increased

by 3% and accounted for 8% of total global consumption. 

On a regional basis, consumption in 2015 increased slightly

in Asia (and remained unchanged if China is excluded), by

3% in North America, and slightly in the European Union.

Consumption in Asia accounted for 66% of global consumption

(17% excluding China), the European Union accounted for 14

of consumption, and North America accounted for 10%. 

From 2005 to 2015, global consumption of refined copper 

increased by 38%, a compound annual growth rate of about 3% 

per year, with slight decreases in 2005 and 2008. Over the same

time period, apparent refined copper consumption in China more 

than tripled, with a compound annual growth rate of about 12% 

per year. According to the ICSG, global consumption of refined 

copper exceeded production by 153,000 t in 2015. This was 

the sixth consecutive year that global consumption of refined 

copper was greater than global production. Despite the apparent 

production shortfall, reported global yearend inventories of 

refined copper increased by 13% to 1.52 Mt, about 7% of annual 

consumption of refined copper (International Copper Study 

Group, 2015, p. 25; 2016a, p. 9, 19–21).

In 2015, the average annual Commodity Exchange, Inc

(COMEX) spot price declined by about 20% to $2.51 per pou

of copper. The average annual copper price reached a recordhigh $4.00 per pound in 2011 but has declined in each of the 

following years (table 1).

Production

Domestic Industry Structure.—Mine production of 

recoverable copper in the United States increased slightly to 

1.38 Mt in 2015, although the value of production decreased by 

18% to $7.81 billion. Production in Arizona increased by 8%

but was partially offset by a 9% decrease in other States. The 

copper yield (the recoverable copper content per unit of ore 

mined) of ore concentrated in the United States was unchanged 

at 0.47% copper. Smelter production was essentially unchanged 

and electrolytically refined copper production decreased by 6%. 

Electrowon copper production from leach solutions increased by

15% and accounted for 43% and 52%, respectively, of mine and 

refinery production (table 1).
20.2 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

Domestic production data were based on information compiled 

from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monthly surveys sent to 

26 mine producers of copper [including 15 solvent extraction–

electrowinning (SX–EW) facilities], 3 copper smelters, and 3

electrolytic copper refineries. In 2015, responses were received 

from all of the mines, smelters, and refineries.

Operating Property Reviews.—In 2015, ASARCO

(Phoenix, AZ) produced a total of 163,000 t of copper at its

three mines in Arizona and 125,000 t of electrolytically refined 

copper at its refinery in Amarillo, TX. The Ray Mine produced 

47,100 t of copper in concentrate (62,500 t in 2014) and 

28,000 t of electrowon copper (31,000 t in 2014). The Mission 

Mine produced 68,300 t of copper in concentrate (60,800 t in 

2014), and the Silver Bell Mine produced 19,300 t (19,400 t in 

2014) of electrowon copper (Grupo México, S.A.B. de C.V.,

2016, p. 78–84). On August 28, 2015, ASARCO announ

that the company planned to indefinitely shut down the 

Hayden concentrator and reduced electrowon production at 

the Ray Mine. Low copper prices were cited as the reason

for the production cuts, which ASARCO said would equ

about 30,400 metric tons per year (t/yr), or about 17% of the 

company’s total production (ASARCO LLC, 20

The Pinto Valley Mine (Arizona), owned by Capston

Mining Corp. (Canada), produced 60,400 t of copper i

concentrate and electrowon copper cathode from its residual 

leach operation. The mine lowered its cost of production 

to $1.97 per pound in 2015 from $2.03 per pound in 2014 

(Capstone Mining Corp., 2016, p. 7

Production of copper at Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Go

Inc.’s (FCX’s; Phoenix, AZ) U.S. operations increased by 18

to 955,000 t from 813,000 t in 2014 and accounted for 69% 

of all recoverable copper production in the United States in 

2015. Three FCX mines significantly increased production 

and accounted for the overall increase in output. In Arizona, 

combined copper in concentrate and electrowon production 

at the Morenci Mine increased by 31% to 481,000 t, and 

electrowon production at the Safford Mine increased by 45% to 

91,600 t. In New Mexico, combined copper in concentrate and 

electrowon production at the Chino Mine increased by 26% to

142,000 t. Output at FCX’s remaining mines decreased by a tota

of 27,700 t. Production decreased at the Bagdad Mine (Arizona)

by 11% to 95,300 t, at the Miami Mine (Arizona) by 25% to 

19,500 t, at the Tyrone Mine (New Mexico) by 11% to 38,100 t, 

at the Sierrita Mine (Arizona) by 3% to 85,700 t, and at other 

mines by 57% to 1,360 t (Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gol

Inc., 2016, p. 30).

The production increase at FCX’s Morenci Mine was due to

a project to expand mining and milling capacity of sulfide ores, 

which reached full production rates in the second quarter of 

2015. The expanded mill began operations in May 2014, and at 

full production the expansion was projected to allow Morenci to 

produce an average of 454,000 t/yr of copper in concentrate and 

electrowon cathode from 2016 through 2020. The Safford and 

the Chino Mines increased production owing to higher ore grades

(Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc., 2016, p. 9, 93

At Kennecott Utah Copper LLC’s (Magna, UT) Bingha

Canyon Mine, production of mined copper decreased by

55% to 92,000 t (204,000 t in 2014). Production was reduced

owing to work to stabilize the east wall of the mine following 

a 130-Mt rock slide that occurred in April 2013. Production of

refined copper at the Kennecott refinery decreased by 44% to 

115,000 t in 2015 (204,000 t in 2014), and the company also 

processed 414,000 t of third-party concentrates, which were 

processed and returned to the owner. During 2015, Rio Tinto was

in the early stages of a project to push back the south wall of the 

Bingham Canyon Mine to access an additional 510 Mt of ore

reserves (Rio Tinto plc, 2016a, p. 34, 35, 215; 2016b, p. 4)

In 2015, production at KGHM International Ltd.’s (Canada)

Robinson Mine (Nevada) increased to 56,800 t of copper in

concentrate from 39,300 t in 2014 owing to higher ore grades. 

The cost of production at the Robinson Mine decreased to

$1.40 per pound from $2.52 per pound in 2014. Mining at 

KGHM’s Carlota Mine (Arizona) was completed in the fourth

quarter of 2014, but leaching of stockpiled ore continued 

through 2015. Production for the Carlota Mine was no

publicly reported by KGHM in 2015, but in 2014 the mine 

produced 10,400 t of electrowon copper cathode (KGHM 

International Ltd., 2015, p. 7, 10; KGHM Polska Miedź 

S.A., 2016, p. 142–143).

The Eagle nickel-copper mine, owned by Lundin Mining Corp

(Canada), near Marquette, MI, began commercial production in

November 2014. In 2015, it produced 27,200 t of nickel (4,300 t 

in 2014) and 24,300 t of copper in concentrate (3,910 t in 2014). 

In 2016, Lundin Mining expected the Eagle Mine to produce

21,000 to 24,000 t of nickel and 20,000 to 23,000 t of copper in 

concentrate (Lundin Mining Corp., 2016, p. 4, 19)

Mercator Minerals Ltd. (Canada) halted mining operations

at the Mineral Park Mine (Arizona) on December 29, 2014,

owing to low copper prices. In January 2015, Origin Mining

Co. LLC (Elko, NV) purchased the Mineral Park M

from Mercator Minerals for $10 million and assumed 

$3.5 million of environmental obligations. Origin planned to

keep the mine on care-and-maintenance status with a small 

amount of copper production from residual leaching until 

copper prices increased (Matson, 2015).

In June 2015, Hecla Mining Co. (Coeur d’Alene, ID

completed the acquisition of Revett Mining Co. (Spokan

Valley, WA) for $20.1 million. Revett Mining owned the Troy

silver-copper mine (Montana) and the Rock Creek silvercopper deposit (Montana). Output was suspended at t

underground Troy Mine in December 2012 owing to concerns 

about geotechnical conditions, and Hecla Mining planned to 

permanently close the mine (Hecla Mining Co., 2016, p. 39;

Revett Minerals, Inc., 2012)

In December, Excelsior Mining Corp. (Canada) completed t

acquisition of Nord Resources Corp. (Tucson, AZ), which owne

the Johnson Camp Mine in Arizona. Excelsior Mining intende

to use the existing 11,300-t/yr SX–EW facilities at Johnson

Camp to process materials from the Gunnison Copper Proje

(Arizona) that Excelsior Mining was developing 1 mile north of

the Johnson Camp Mine. The mine plan for the Gunnison Coppe

Project as stated by Excelsior Mining involved three stages, th

first of which was to produce 11,300 t/yr of copper cathode at 

the Johnson Camp Mine. In the second stage of development

(year 4 of the mine life), a 22,700-t/yr SX–EW facility would

be built at the Gunnison location for a total production capacity 
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE

of 34,000 t/yr. In the third stage (year 7 of the mine life), the 

company planned to double the production capacity of the 

Gunnison SX–EW facility, for a total production capacity of

56,700 t/yr. Excelsior Mining estimated that production from

the Gunnison Mine could begin in mid-2018 (Excelsior Mining

Corp., 2015; 2016, p. 18, 273)

Consumption

U.S. reported consumption of refined copper increased by 

3% in 2015. Consumption by wire-rod mills, which accounted

for 73% of reported consumption, increased by 4%, and 

consumption at brass mills, which accounted for 23% of 

consumption, was essentially unchanged (table 5). According 

to data compiled by the American Bureau of Metal Statistics 

Inc. (2016), domestic apparent consumption of wire rod was 

essentially unchanged at 1.26 Mt.

According to preliminary data from the Copper Development

Association Inc. (2016, p. 18), the total shipments of copper 

and copper-alloy products to the U.S. market by fabricators 

(brass mills, foundries, powder producers, and wire mills), 

which included domestic product shipments and net imports, 

decreased by 3% to 2.32 Mt from 2.39 Mt in 2014. Since 2000, 

when shipments reached a record high of 4.34 Mt, shipments to 

the domestic market have trended downward, and shipments in 

2015 were 47% below those in 2000. In 2015, domestic wiremill products accounted for about 56% of total shipments to the 

domestic market; brass mill products, 37%; and foundry and 

powder products, 3%. Net imports, which also have trended 

downward from a peak of 6% market share in 2000, made up 

the remaining 4% of shipments. Shipments to the building 

construction sector, which remained the leading end-use market, 

decreased slightly and accounted for about 44% of shipments. 

Shipments to the transportation equipment sector (19% market 

share) were essentially unchanged, and shipments to the electric 

and electronic products sector (18% market share), to the 

consumer and general products sector (12% market share), and 

to the industrial machinery and equipment sector (7% market 

share), decreased by 4%, 6%, and 10%, respectively.

Prices and Stocks

In 2015, the average annual COMEX spot price declin

for the fourth consecutive year, decreasing by about 20% to 

$2.51 per pound from $3.12 per pound in 2014 and by 37% from 

the record high of $4.00 per pound in 2011. The monthly average 

price in 2015 ranged from a high of $2.89 per pound in May to a 

low of $2.08 per pound in December. Daily prices ranged from a 

high of $2.95 per pound on May 12 to a low of $2.02 per pound 

on November 23. Total U.S. refined copper stocks increased 

by 10% during the year to 209,000 t at the end of December 

from 190,000 t at the beginning of January, mainly owing to 

an increase in COMEX stocks, which was partly offset by

drawdown of London Metal Exchange Ltd. (LME) stocks held i

U.S. warehouses (table 1).

Copper scrap prices (table 13) generally followed the trend

in refined copper prices, and scrap prices for various types of 

scrap decreased by 20% to 26%. According to American Metal 

Market price data, the discount for refiners’ No. 2 scrap from 

the COMEX spot price averaged 28.4 cents per pound in 201

essentially the same as the 28.6 cents per pound discount in 

2014. In 2015, the refiners’ No. 2 scrap discount ranged between 

24.3 cents per pound in December and 31.6 cents per pound 

in May, and the refiners’ No. 2 scrap price averaged $2.22 per 

pound, 22% less than in 2014.

Foreign Trade

Net imports of refined copper in 2015 were 600,000 t 

(686,000 t of imports and 86,500 t of exports), an increase of 

about 22% compared with 493,000 t (620,000 t of imports and 

127,000 t of exports) in 2014 (tables 14, 16). Refined copper 

accounted for 95% of all unmanufactured copper imports and 9% 

of exports. Chile, Canada, and Mexico were the leading source

of refined copper imports in 2015, accounting for 52%, 28%, 

and 14%, respectively, of refined imports. Exports of copper 

ore and concentrate decreased by 5%, and exports of refined 

copper decreased by 32%. Mexico accounted for 82% of ore and 

concentrate exports, and Mexico and Canada accounted for 49%

and 42%, respectively, of refined exports. 

Copper scrap was the leading U.S. copper export, and

combined copper-alloy and unalloyed scrap exports were greater 

in terms of quantity than all other unmanufactured copper 

exports combined (tables 14, 18). U.S. scrap exports decreased 

by 9% to a total of 955,000 t (426,000 t of unalloyed copper 

scrap and 529,000 t of copper-alloy scrap) in 2015 compared 

with 1.04 Mt (430,000 t of unalloyed copper scrap and 614,000 t 

of copper-alloy scrap) in 2014. The decrease in copper scrap 

exports was mainly owing to a 65,500-t (9%) decrease in exports 

to China. Exports to Germany and Hong Kong also decreased b

12,200 t (22%) and 11,300 t (33%), respectively. In 2011, total 

scrap exports reached a record high of 1.24 Mt, with 941,000 t of 

those exports going to China. Based on global import data for

2015, China was the recipient of 56% of the reported 6.58 Mt

of global copper scrap trade (Brininstool, 2015; International 

Copper Study Group 2016a, p. 40–41)

According to U.S. Census Bureau data compiled by the Coppe

and Brass Fabricators Council Inc., U.S. imports of copper and

copper-alloy semifabricated products (excluding wire-rod mill 

products) were 220,000 t in 2015 (8% less than those in 2014), 

exports were 111,000 t (a 4% decrease from those in 2014), and 

the resulting net imports decreased by about 12% to 109,000 t. 

The leading import sources were Germany (24%), the Republic of

Korea (15%), Mexico (12%), Canada (10%), and Peru (6%). Th

leading export destinations were Mexico (40%), Canada (26%),

and the Republic of Korea (2%) (Copper and Brass Fabricator

Council Inc., 2016, p. 1–9)

World Review

World mine production of copper increased by 4% in 2015 

from that in 2014 to a record-high 19.1 Mt (table 20). According 

to data compiled by the ICSG (2016a, p. 9), global mine capacity

increased by 1.06 Mt (5%) to 22.6 million metric tons per year 

(Mt/yr) in 2015 from 21.5 Mt/yr in 2014, and by 3.37 Mt (18%) 

from 19.2 Mt/yr in 2010. Based on ICSG production and capacity

data, worldwide capacity utilization at copper-producing mines 

worldwide decreased to 84.8% in 2015 from 85.7% in 2014.
20.4 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

Chile was the leading producer of mined copper in 2015

and produced 5.76 Mt, or 30% of total world production, 

followed by China, 1.71 Mt (9%); Peru, 1.70 Mt (9%); and th

United States, 1.38 Mt (7%). Significant production increases 

took place in Peru, where total mined copper production

increased by 321,000 t (23%); Indonesia, by 201,000 t (54%); 

Mexico, by 79,000 t (15%); Mongolia, by 63,000 t (25%); and 

Brazil, by 46,000 t (15%). Significant decreases in production 

took place in China, where output declined by 70,000 t (4%) and

Argentina, by 40,800 t (40%) (table 20).

In 2015, world production of refined copper increased slightly 

to 23.0 Mt owing to increases in both primary and secondary 

production (table 22). Production of refined copper from 

electrowinning was essentially unchanged, from electrolytic and 

fire refining (other primary) increased slightly, and production 

from secondary refining (from scrap) increased by 5%. China 

was the leading producer of refined copper in 2015 and 

produced 7.96 Mt, or 35% of global production, followed by 

Chile, 2.69 Mt (12%); Japan, 1.48 Mt (6%); the United States,

1.14 Mt (5%); and Congo (Kinshasa), 878,000 t (4%). Most of

the growth in refined copper production was in China, where 

total refined copper production increased by 310,000 t (4%); 

Kazakhstan, which increased production by 100,000 t (33%); 

the Republic of Korea, by 49,000 t (8%); and the United States,

by 46,300 t (4%). Significant decreases in refined copper 

production took place in Japan, where output declined by 

71,000 t (5%); Chile, by 41,000 t (2%); and Indonesia, by

33,600 t (14%).

According to ICSG data, world apparent consumption

of refined copper rose slightly to a record-high 23.0 Mt in 

2015 from 22.9 Mt in 2014. Stocks held on the more visible 

commodity exchanges (COMEX, LME, SHFE) increase

about 57% to 482,000 t from 306,000 t in 2014. ICSG estimates

of total reported stocks (exchanges and industry) increased by 

13% to 1.52 Mt from 1.35 Mt in 2014 owing to the increase 

in exchange stocks. Producer, merchant, and consumer stocks

were essentially unchanged (International Copper Study Group

2016a, p. 19–21).

Argentina.—Mine production at Argentina’s only copper 

mine, the Alumbrera Mine (Glencore plc, 50%; Goldcorp 

Inc., 37.5%; Yamana Gold Inc., 12.5%), decreased by 40% to 

61,800 t from 103,000 t in 2014. Goldcorp cited higher gypsum 

content of ore, lower grindability of ore, and high stripping 

activity at the Bajo el Durazno pit as the reasons for the decrease 

in production (Goldcorp Inc., 2016, p. 38–39).

Brazil.—Copper mine production in Brazil increased

significantly owing to a 58% increase in copper output at the 

Salobo Mine (Vale S.A.) to 155,000 t from 98,000 t in 2014. 

Vale completed a mine and concentrator expansion project 

at Salobo in the first half of 2014, which doubled the mine’s 

production capacity of copper in concentrate to 200,000 t/yr 

(Vale S.A., 2015, p. 20; 2016, p. 45, 47). 

Chile.—Since 1982, Chile has been the leading world

producer of mined copper and in 2015 accounted for 30% of 

global mine output. The National Copper Corporation of Chi

(Codelco), a Chilean state-owned company, operated seve

mines that produced a combined total of 1.7 Mt of mined copper 

and accounted for 30% of total mined copper production in 

Chile. The Escondida Mine (BHP Billiton Ltd., 57.5%; 

Tinto plc, 30%; consortiums of Japanese companies, 12.5%) 

produced 1.15 Mt of mined copper and accounted for 20% 

of total mined copper production in Chile. The rest of Chile’

mined copper output came from 17 other mines. The Ministro 

Hales Mine (Codelco), which began production in 2013, ramped

up production by 69% to 238,000 t in 2015 from 141,000 t in 

2014. In its second year of production, the Sierra Gorda Mine 

(KGHM International Ltd., 55%; Sumitomo Metal Mining, 

31.5%; Sumitomo Corp., 13.5%) increased output to 87,900 t

from 12,700 t in 2014. These production increases were 

partially offset by smaller decreases in output at a number of 

mines. Refined copper production decreased by 2% (41,000 t) 

to 2.69 Mt owing to a 4% decrease in electrowon production, 

which was partially offset by a 3% increase in electrolytically 

refined copper production (BHP Billiton Ltd., 2016, p. 81; 

Comisión Chilena del Cobre, 2016; Jolly, 1987, p. 373–374

China.—Mined copper output in China decreased by 4%

in 2015 compared with that of 2014 as mines with higher 

production costs reduced output after copper prices fell midway 

through 2015. Smelter and refined copper production, however, 

increased by 6% and 4%, respectively, owing to increases 

in smelting capacity during the previous years. In 2014, 

China reportedly added 650,000 t/yr of smelting capacity and

900,000 t/yr of refining capacity, with total capacities reaching 

6.55 Mt/yr and 9.86 Mt/yr, respectively. Imports of copper ores 

and concentrates into China increased to 13.3 Mt (3.7 Mt of

contained copper) from 11.8 Mt (3.3 Mt of contained copper) in 

2014. China also imported 3.66 Mt of copper and copper-alloy

scrap (3.9 Mt in 2014), 3.68 Mt of refined copper (3.6 Mt in 

2014), and 530,000 t of copper blister and anodes (585,000 t in 

2014) (Copper Monthly, 2015, p. 5–6; 2016, p. 2; International

Copper Study Group, 2016a, p. 24–28, 40)

In response to falling copper prices, 10 leading Chinese

copper producers agreed to cut refined copper production in 

2016 by 350,000 t. The copper producers also announced that 

they would close high-cost and outdated operations over the 

next several years and proposed that the Government of China

undertake programs to support the copper industry, such as 

purchasing surplus copper production and suspending the 

issuance of licenses for new copper smelters (Xie, 2015).

Indonesia.—Mine production in Indonesia increased by 

54% owing to increased production at PT Freeport Indonesia’s

(PT–FI’s) (FCX, 90.64%; Government of Indonesia, 9.36%

mines in the Grasberg minerals district and at PT Newmont

Nusa Tenggara’s (PTNNT’s) [Newmont Mining Corp

(Denver, CO), 31.5%; Sumitomo Corp. (Japan), 24.5%;

Multi Daerah Bersaing, 24%; PT Pukuafu Indah, 17.8%

and PT Indonesia Masbaga Investama, 2.2%] Batu Hijau

Mine (Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc., 2016, p. 19

Newmont Mining Corp., 2016, p. 37)

PT–FI increased production by 16% in 2015 from that of

2014 to 341,000 t of recoverable copper (295,000 t in 2014 

and 421,000 t in 2013). Production was interrupted in 2014 in

response to a Government-imposed export tax. Total contained 

copper production at PT–FI was slightly higher and is what was

used when calculating Indonesia’s total concentrate production 

in table 20. In January 2014, the Government of Indonesia 
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE

announced that exports of copper concentrate would be banned 

beginning in January 2017 and, from that time on, copper 

concentrates would need to be processed into metal before 

being exported. It was also announced that before January 

2017, a gradually increasing export duty would be applied 

to copper concentrate. FCX claimed that the new export

restrictions were a violation of PT–FI’s Contract of Work an

PT–FI halted exports of copper concentrate and operated at

about one-half of its production capacity from January through 

July 2014, when a memorandum of understanding (MOU)

between PT–FI and the Government of Indonesia was signed.

As part of the MOU, PT–FI agreed to develop new coppe

smelting capacity in Indonesia and provided a $115 million 

assurance bond to go towards the development of a copper 

smelter. PT–FI was required to renew its export permits every

6 months and also agreed to pay concentrate export duties of 

7.5%, which would decline to 5% when smelter development 

progress exceeded 7.5%, and no export duties once smelter 

development exceeded 30%. PTNNT more than tripled mined

copper output to 224,000 t in 2015 (71,000 t in 2014 and 

73,000 t in 2013) mainly owing to higher ore grades as the 

company accessed phase 6 ore for the first full year and higher 

metal recovery and throughput. Production was also negatively

affected in 2014 by the export restrictions mentioned above 

(Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc., 2016, p. 19–20, 30

Newmont Mining Corp., 2016, p. 74–75)

In April 2014, Finders Resources Ltd. (Australia)

commissioned a 3,000-t/yr SX–EW demonstration plant

on Wetar Island and was in the process of building a 

25,000-t/yr SX–EW facility. By yearend 2014, Finders

Resources produced 1,400 t of copper at Wetar, and in 2015 it

produced 1,200 t. The company projected that the mine would 

produce 155,000 t of cathodes over a 10.5-year mine life 

(Finders Resources Ltd., 2016, p. 6)

In 2015, electrolytically refined copper production at PT 

Smelting (Mitsubishi Materials Corp., 60.5%; PT–FI, 25%

Mitsubishi Corporation Unimetals Ltd, 9.5%; JX Nippon

Mining and Metals Corp., 5%), which was Indonesia’s only

electrolytic refinery, decreased by 14% to 198,000 t from 

232,000 t in 2014. Operations at PT Smelting were suspende

from July to September 2015 for maintenance work and, 

once production restarted, output was only 80% of capacity 

until November so that repairs could be made to an acid plant 

cooling tower (Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc.

2016, p. 25).

Kazakhstan.—The 100,000-t (33%) increase in refinery 

production in Kazakhstan was thought to be a result of 

increased refinery production at the Zhezkazgan refinery, 

although reported production data were not available for 

that refinery for 2015. In October 2014, Kazakhmys plc 

(United Kingdom) completed restructuring that included selling 

some of its assets in Kazakhstan, including the Zhezkazgan 

refinery, to Cuprum Holding (the Netherlands). At that 

time, Kazakhmys changed its name to KAZ Minerals plc 

(Kazakhmys plc, 2014).

Mexico.—Mine production in Mexico increased by 15% 

in 2015 owing to a 16% increase in copper in concentrate 

production and a 14% increase in electrowon production. The 

Buenavista Mine (Southern Copper Corp.) increased copper i

concentrate output by 22% to 162,000 t and electrowon output 

by 31% to 123,000 t in 2015 and accounted for 58,000 t of 

the 79,000 t increase in total mine production in Mexico. 

Production increased at Buenavista as a result of a capital

investment program, which added a third SX–EW plant in

June 2014 and a new concentrator that began production in 

September 2015 (Southern Copper Corp., 2016, p. 28, 41, 70)

Mongolia.—Mine production in Mongolia increased by 

25% to an estimated 314,000 t from an estimated 251,000 t in 

2014 owing mostly to an increase in copper output at the Oyu

Tolgoi copper-gold mine [Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd., 66%;

Erdenes Oly Tolgoi LLC (Government of Mongolia), 34%

Oyu Tolgoi produced 202,000 t of copper in 2015, 36% more

than that in 2014 as the mine continued to ramp up production. 

Turquoise Hill forecast the mine’s copper production to range 

between 175,000 and 195,000 t in 2016 (Turquoise Hill 

Resources Ltd., 2016, p. 4, 12–13)

Peru.—Mine production in Peru increased by 23% (321,000 t)

to 1.7 Mt. The Antamina Mine (BHP Billiton, 33.75%; Glencore,

33.75%; Teck Resources Ltd., 22.5%; Mitsubishi Corp., 10%

increased copper in concentrate production by 13% to 391,000 t 

in 2015 from 345,000 t in 2014 owing to higher mill throughput. 

Output of copper in concentrate at the Antapaccay Mine

(Glencore) increased by 21% to 202,000 t in 2015 from 167,000 t 

in 2014 owing to the restart of the Tintaya mill in May 2015. 

The Cerro Verde Mine (FCX, 53.56%; SMM Cerro Ver

Netherlands B.V., 21.0%; Compania de Minas Buenaventura

S.A.A., 19.58%; other shareholders, 5.86%) increased production 

of combined copper in concentrate and electrowon copper by 9% 

to 247,000 t from 227,000 t in 2014 owing to the completion of 

a mine expansion project in September 2015. The Toromocho 

Mine (Chinalco Mining Corporation International), whic

was commissioned in 2013, ramped up production of copper 

in concentrate by 159% to 182,000 t of copper in concentrate 

in 2015 compared with 70,300 t in 2014 (Chinalco Mining

Corporation International, 2015, p. 12; 2016, p. 12; FreeportMcMoRan Copper & Gold Inc., 2016, p. 17; Glencore plc, 201

p. 54, 186; Teck Resources Ltd., 2016, p. 15)

The Constancia Mine (HudBay Minerals Inc.) began

commercial production in the second quarter of 2015 and 

produced 106,000 t of copper concentrate by yearend. 

HudBay purchased the Constancia project in 2011, and the

company projected that the mine would produce an average of 

82,000 t/yr of copper in concentrate over a mine life of 22 years 

(HudBay Minerals Inc., 2016a, p. 28; 2016b).

Outlook

Based on preliminary estimates for 2016, U.S. mine production 

is expected to increase by about 4% owing mainly to a significant 

increase in production at the Bingham Canyon Mine. Although

FCX and ASARCO announced price-induced product

closures and reductions beginning in September 2015, it was 

not known if or when those plans would be implemented. After 

a series of smelter maintenance shutdowns in 2015, smelter 

production is expected to increase by 4% in 2016, and refinery 

production is expected to increase by about 11%. 
20.6 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

In October 2016, ICSG forecast that global copper min

production would increase by 4% in 2016 and remain 

unchanged in 2017. Global refined copper production and 

apparent consumption are expected to increase slightly 

in both 2016 and 2017, resulting in a balanced market in 

2016 and a refined copper surplus of 163,000 t in 2017 

(International Copper Study Group, 2016b).

References Cited 

American Bureau of Metal Statistics Inc., 2016, Copper wirerod market

December 2015: Chatham, NJ, American Bureau of Metal Statistics Inc.,

February 22, 5 p.

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release, August 28. (Accessed September 11, 2015, at http://www.asarco.com/

wp-content/uploads/PressRelease-2015-08-28.pdf

BHP Billiton Ltd., 2016, Annual report 2015: Melbourne, Victoria,

Australia, BHP Billiton Ltd., 320 p. (Accessed December 8, 2016, at

http://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annualreports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015.pdf?la=en.)

Brininstool, Mark, 2015, Copper, in Metals and minerals:

U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook 2012, v. I, p. 20.1–20.27.

Capstone Mining Corp., 2016, Management’s discussion and analysi

of Capstone Mining Corp. for the year ended December 31, 2015, 

Consolidated financial statements—December 31, 2015 and 2014: Vancouver, 

British Columbia, Canada, Capstone Mining Corp., February 16, 58

(Accessed March 1, 2016, at http://s2.q4cdn.com/231101920/files/doc_

financials/q42015/2015-12-CS-FS_MDA.pdf.)

Chinalco Mining Corporation International, 2015, Annual report 2014

Beijing, China, Chinalco Mining Corporation International, 140 

(Accessed December 5, 2016, at http://www.chinalco-cmc.com/u/cms/

www/20150430172600x4tr_en.pdf.)

Chinalco Mining Corporation International, 2016, Annual report 2015: Beijing

China, Chinalco Mining Corporation International, 152 p. (Access

December 5, 2016, at http://www.chinalco-cmc.com/u/cms/www/e03668_

CMC_Annual%20Report.pdf.)

Comisión Chilena del Cobre, 2016, Producción cobre de mina por empr

Anual [Copper mine production by operation—Annual]: Santiago,

Chile, Comisión Chilena del Cobre. (Accessed December 12, 2016,

https://www.cochilco.cl/Paginas/Estadisticas/Bases%20de%20Dato

Producci%C3%B3n-Minera.aspx

Copper and Brass Fabricators Council Inc., 2016, Copper and brass produc

import and export report—December 2015: Washington, DC, Copper an

Brass Fabricators Council Inc., February 10, 243 p

Copper Development Association Inc., 2016, Annual data 2016—Coppe

supply and consumption—1995–2016: New York, NY, Copper

Development Association Inc., 20 p. (Accessed October 13, 2016, at

https://www.copper.org/resources/market_data/pdfs/annual_data.pdf.)

Copper Monthly, 2015, Copper & copper fabrication monthly for January 2015

Copper Monthly [published by Beijing Antaike Information Development

Co., Ltd., or Antaike], no. 217, January, 26 p

Copper Monthly, 2016, Copper & copper fabrication monthly fo

February 2016: Copper Monthly [published by Beijing Antaike Information

Development Co., Ltd., or Antaike], no. 230, February, 16 p

Excelsior Mining Corp., 2015, Excelsior closes Johnson Camp M

acquisition and US$12.0 million financing: Vancouver, British Columbia, 

Canada, Excelsior Mining Corp. press release, December 15. (Access

March 1, 2015, at http://www.excelsiormining.com/index.php/news/news2015/489-excelsior-closes-johnson-camp-mine-acquisition-and-us-12-0-

million-financing.)

Excelsior Mining Corp., 2016, Gunnison copper project NI 43–101 technica

report, Cochise County, Arizona, USA: Vancouver, British Columbia, Cana

Excelsior Mining Corp., March 23, 293 p. (Accessed November 10, 2016

at http://www.excelsiormining.com/images/Projects/GunnisonProjec

PFS_2_14_14.pdf.)

Finders Resources Ltd., 2016, Annual report 2015: West Perth, Wester

Australia, Australia, Finders Resources Ltd., April 22, 70 p. (Accessed

June 20, 2016, at http://findersresources.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/

Annual-Report-2015.pdf.

Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc., 2016, Form 10–K—2015

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 223 p. (Accessed June 22, 2016

at http://d1lge852tjjqow.cloudfront.net/CIK-0000831259/78231b00-1269

4bd9-84a0-ff9732e28be3.pdf.)

Glencore plc, 2016, Annual report 2016: Baar, Switzerland, Glencore plc, 202 p. 

(Accessed July 20, 2016, at http://www.glencore.com/assets/investors/doc/

reports_and_results/2015/GLEN-2015-Annual-Report.pdf.)

Goldcorp Inc., 2016, Annual report 2015: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Goldcorp Inc., 137 p. (Accessed March 22, 2016, at 

http://s1.q4cdn.com/038672619/files/doc_downloads/

ManagementInfoCirular/Annual-Report-(SEDAR).p

Grupo México, S.A.B. de C.V., 2016, Annual information form 2015:

Mexico City, Mexico, Grupo México, S.A.B. de C.V., 281 p. (Accesse

January 6, 2017, via http://quicktake.morningstar.com/stocknet/

secdocuments.aspx?symbol=gmbxf.) 

Hecla Mining Co., 2016, Form 10–K—2015: Coeur d’Alene, ID, Hecl

Mining Co., 48 p. (Accessed November 11, 2016, at http://216.139.227.101

interactive/hl2015/pf/page_001.pdf.)

HudBay Minerals Inc., 2016a, 2015 annual and CSR report: Toronto, Ontari

Canada, HudBay Minerals Inc., 158 p. (Accessed December 5, 2016, at

http://s1.q4cdn.com/305438552/files/2015/en/_doc/Hudbay_2015_AR_CSR_

Full_Printable.pdf.)

HudBay Minerals Inc., 2016b, Our business—Peru: Toronto, Ontari

Canada, HudBay Minerals Inc. (Accessed December 5, 2016, at

http://www.hudbayminerals.com/English/Our-Business/Peru/default.asp

International Copper Study Group, 2015, 2015 statistical yearbook (2005–2014):

Lisbon, Portugal, International Copper Study Group, v. 12, November, 79 

International Copper Study Group, 2016a, Copper bulletin: Lisbon, Portuga

International Copper Study Group, v. 23, no. 10, October, 53 

International Copper Study Group, 2016b, Copper market forecast 2016/2017

Lisbon, Portugal, International Copper Study Group press release, October 2

(Accessed October 28, 2016, at http://icsg.org/index.php/press-releases

finish/113-forecast-press-release/2201-2016-10-icsg-forecast-press-release.)

Jolly, J.L.W., 1987, Copper, in Metals and minerals: U.S. Bureau of Mines

Minerals Yearbook 1985, v. I, p. 317–379.

Kazakhmys plc, 2014, Kazakhmys announces completion of restructuring 

and change of name to KAZ Minerals plc: London, United Kingdom, 

Kazakhmys plc news release, October 31. (Accessed December 15, 2015,

at http://www.kazminerals.com/en/investors_media/news/press_release.

jsp?id=1793.)

KGHM International Ltd., 2015, Management discussion and analysis for 

the year and fourth quarter ended December 31, 2014: Vancouver, British 

Columbia, Canada, KGHM International Ltd., March 16, 24 p. (Accesse

August 18, 2015, at http://kghm.com/en/investors/kghm-international.)

KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., 2016, Consolidated annual report RS 2015: 

Lubin, Poland, KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., March 17, 192 p. (Accessed 

November 9, 2016, via http://kghm.com/en/node/4991.)

Lundin Mining Corp., 2016, Management’s discussion and analysis for the year

ended December 31, 2015: Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Lundin Mining Corp

51 p. (Accessed July 14, 2015, at http://www.lundinmining.com/i/pdf/2015YE

pdf.)

Matson, Zachary, 2015, Judge approves $10 million sale of Mineral Park

Mine: Today’s News-Herald [Lake Havasu City, AZ], January 21.

(Accessed February 4, 2015, at http://www.havasunews.com/news/judgeapprovesmillion-sale-of-mineral-park-mine/article_c0314bfe-a128-11e4-b42f4397c92be1cb.html.)

Newmont Mining Corp., 2016, 2015 annual report and form 10–K:

Denver, CO, Newmont Mining Corp., 174 p. (Accessed June 30, 2016, 

http://s1.q4cdn.com/259923520/files/doc_financials/annual/2015/

newmont-2015-AR.pdf)

Revett Minerals Inc., 2012, Revett announces temporary suspension o

underground operations at Troy Mine: Spokane Valley, WA, Revett

Minerals Inc. press release, December 17. (Accessed August 26, 2013, 

at http://www.revettminerals.com/sites/default/files/news_releases/rvm12172012-en.pdf.)

Rio Tinto plc, 2016a, 2015 annual report: London, United Kingdom, Rio Tint

plc, 244 p. (Accessed September 14, 2016, at http://www.riotinto.com/

documents/RT_Annual_Report_2015.pdf.)

Rio Tinto plc, 2016b, Rio Tinto releases solid fourth quarter production results

London, United Kingdom, Rio Tinto plc, January 19, 26 p. (Accessed

February 3, 2016, at http://www.riotinto.com/documents/160119_Rio%20

Tinto%20releases%20solid%20fourth%20quarter%20production%20results.

pdf.)
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE

Southern Copper Corp., 2016, Form 10–K—2015: U.S. Securities an

Exchange Commission, 152 p. (Accessed December 1, 2016, a

http://www.southerncoppercorp.com/ENG/invrel/2015/10K/10k2015.pdf.

Teck Resources Ltd., 2016, 2015 annual report: Vancouver, British Columbia

Canada, Teck Resources Ltd., 109 p. (Accessed December 5, 2016, a

http://www.teck.com/media/2015-Teck-Annual-Report.pdf.

Turquoise Hill Resources, 2016, Annual report to shareholders,

December 31, 2015—Management’s discussion and analysis of financial 

condition and results of operations: Vancouver, British Columbia,

Canada, Turquoise Hill Resources Ltd., 110 p. (Accessed July 7, 2016, a

http://www.turquoisehill.com/i/pdf/TRQ-Q4-2015.pdf.

Vale S.A., 2015, Form 20–F—2014: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

164 p. (Accessed July 2, 2015, at http://www.vale.com/EN/investors

information-market/annual-reports/20f/20FDocs/Vale%2020-F%202014_i_

novo.pdf.)

Vale S.A., 2016, Form 20–F—2015: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

174 p. (Accessed August 2, 2016, at http://www.vale.com/EN/investors

information-market/annual-reports/20f/20FDocs/Vale%2020-F%202015_i.

PDF.

Xie, Yifan, 2015, Chinese copper smelters to cut output by 350,000 tons in

2016: The Wall Street Journal, December 1. (Accessed December 12, 2016, at 

http://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-copper-smelters-to-cut-output-by-350-

000-tons-in-2016-1448980163.)

GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

U.S. Geological Survey Publications

Copper. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annu

Copper. Ch. in United States Mineral Resources, Professio

Paper 820, 1973

Copper. Mineral Industry Surveys, monthly

Copper (Cu). Ch. in Metal Prices in the United States Thro

2010, Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5188, 2013.

Copper Recycling in the United States. Circular 1196

The Nature and Use of Copper Reserve and Resource Dat

Professional Paper 907–F, 198

Other

American Bureau of Metal Statistics nonferrous metal data.

Copper. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, U.S. Bureau 

Mines Bulletin 675, 1985.

International Copper Study Group, Copper Bulletin, monthl

International Copper Study Group, Directory of Copper Mine

and Plants
20.8 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

United States:

Mine production:

ore concentrated thousand metric tons 187,000 180,000 172,000 175,000 164,000

Average yield of concentrated ore percent 0.34 0.36 0.40 0.47 0.47

recoverable copper:

Arizona 751,000 763,000 795,000 893,000 961,000

other States 362,000 404,000 453,000 464,000 422,000

Total 1,110,000 1,170,000 1,250,000 1,360,000 1,380,000

Total value millions $9,960 $9,450 $9,360 $9,510 $7,810

Smelter production:

primary2 538,000 485,000 516,000 522,000 527,000

Byproduct sulfuric acid, sulfur content 679,000 545,000 574,000 545,000 r 553,000

refinery production:

primary materials:

electrolytic from domestic ores 545,000 491,000 518,000 535,000 503,000

electrolytic from foreign materials -- -- -- -- --

electrowon 447,000 471,000 475,000 514,000 589,000

Total 992,000 962,000 993,000 1,050,000 1,090,000

Secondary materials (scrap), electrolytic and fire refined 37,300 39,400 46,900 46,000 48,800

Total, refinery production 1,030,000 1,000,000 1,040,000 1,090,000 1,140,000

Secondary copper produced:

recovered from new scrap 649,000 642,000 630,000 672,000 r 638,000

recovered from old scrap 153,000 164,000 166,000 173,000 r 167,000

Total 802,000 807,000 796,000 845,000 r 805,000

copper sulfate production 22,800 22,500 23,000 22,900 18,497

exports, refined 40,400 169,000 111,000 127,000 86,500

Imports, refined 670,000 630,000 734,000 620,000 686,000

Stocks, December 31:

Blister and in-process material 13,000 12,300 12,700 9,860 13,900

refined copper:

refineries 8,360 12,900 15,000 9,540 12,000

Wire-rod mills 24,000 28,100 32,600 42,000 36,200

Brass mills 6,850 6,540 6,710 7,400 r 7,580

other industry 4,330 4,180 4,230 5,090 r 5,730

coMeX 79,800 64,100 15,000 24,200 63,300

London Metal exchange (LMe), U.S. warehouses 286,000 120,000 185,000 102,000 83,800

Total 409,000 236,000 258,000 190,000 r 209,000

consumption:

refined copper, reported 1,760,000 1,760,000 1,830,000 1,760,000 r 1,810,000

primary refined and old scrap, apparent3 1,730,000 1,760,000 1,750,000 r 1,780,000 r 1,820,000

price:

producer, weighted average cents per pound 405.85 367.28 339.94 318.05 256.15

coMeX, first position do. 400.05 361.45 334.11 312.00 250.81

LMe, Grade A cash do. 399.79 360.58 332.29 311.10 249.53

World, production:

Mine thousand metric tons 16,100 16,900 18,300 r 18,400 r 19,100

Smelter do. 15,900 16,100 17,100 17,900 18,500

refinery do. 19,600 r 20,200 21,100 r 22,600 r 23,000

614,000 t, and 664,000 t respectively.

TABLe 1

SALIeNT copper STATISTIcS1

(Metric tons, unless otherwise specified)

r

revised. do. Ditto. -- Zero.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits, except prices; may not add to totals shown.

2

May contain small amounts of scrap.

3

In 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015, apparent consumption is calculated using general imports of 649,000 metric tons (t), 628,000 t, 729,000 t,
copper—2015 [ADVANC

LEA] 20.9

rank Mine county and State operator Source of copper 

1 Morenci Greenlee, AZ copper-molybdenum ore, concentrated and leached 

2 chino Grant, NM do. do. 

3 Safford Graham, AZ do. copper ore, leached 4 Bagdad Yavapai, AZ do. copper-molybdenum ore, concentrated and leached 5 Bingham canyon Salt Lake, UT Kennecott Utah copper LLc2 copper-molybdenum ore, concentrated 

6 Sierrita pima, AZ copper-molybdenum ore, concentrated and leached 

7 ray pinal, AZ ASArco LLc3 copper ore, concentrated and leached 8 pinto Valley Gila, AZ capstone Mining corp. copper-molybdenum ore, concentrated and leached 9 Mission complex pima, AZ ASArco LLc3 copper-molybdenum ore, concentrated 10 robinson White pine, NV robinson Nevada Mining co.4 do. 11 Tyrone Grant, NM Freeport-McMoran copper & Gold Inc. copper ore, leached 12 continental pit Silver Bow, MT Montana resources copper-molybdenum ore, concentrated 13 eagle Marquette, MI Lundin Mining corp. Nickel-copper ore, concentrated 14 phoenix Lander, NV Newmont Mining corp. Gold-copper ore, concentrated and leached 15 Miami Gila, AZ Freeport-McMoran copper & Gold Inc. copper ore, leached 16 Silver Bell pima, AZ ASArco LLc3 do. 17 carlota Gila, AZ KGHM International Ltd. do. 18 Lisbon Valley San Juan, UT Lisbon Valley Mining co. LLc do. 

1The mines listed accounted for more than 99% of U.S. mine production in 2015.

2Wholly owned subsidiary of rio Tinto plc.

3Wholly owned subsidiary of Grupo México, S.A.B. de c.V.

4Wholly owned subsidiary of KGHM International Ltd.

TABLe 2

LeADING copper-proDUcING MINeS IN THe UNITeD STATeS IN 2015, IN orDer oF oUTpUT1

Freeport-McMoran copper & Gold Inc. Freeport-McMoran copper & Gold Inc. 

do. Ditto.
20.10 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

Gross recoverable Gross recoverable

Source and treatment process weight copper weight copper

Mined copper ore:

concentrated 175,000,000 819,000 164,000,000 769,000

Leached NA 514,000 NA 588,000

Total NA 1,330,000 NA 1,360,000

copper precipitates shipped, leached from

tailings, dumps, and in-place material NA W NA W

other copper-bearing ores2 5,620,000 24,500 5,530,000 25,600

Grand total XX 1,360,000 XX 1,380,000

TABLe 3

MINe proDUcTIoN oF copper-BeArING oreS AND recoVerABLe copper coNTeNT oF oreS

proDUceD IN THe UNITeD STATeS, BY SoUrce AND TreATMeNT proceSS1

(Metric tons)

NA Not available. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with “other copper-bearing ores.” 

XX Not applicable.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Includes gold ore, lead ore, and silver ore.

2014 2015

Foundries, Smelters,

chemical plants, refiners,

Item Brass mills Wire-rod mills miscellaneous users ingot makers Total

2014:

copper scrap 737,000 2 W 59,400 139,000 936,000

refined copper3 429,000 r 1,270,000 54,300 r -- 1,760,000 r

Hardeners and master alloys 10,000 -- 5,450 -- 15,500 r

Brass ingots -- -- 59,000 r -- 59,000 r

Slab zinc 32,200 r -- 751 -- 32,200 r

2015:

copper scrap 672,000 2 W 55,800 191,000 919,000

refined copper3 427,000 1,320,000 65,300 -- 1,810,000

Hardeners and master alloys 9,840 -- 5,190 -- 15,000

Brass ingots -- -- 51,000 -- 51,000

Slab zinc 33,200 -- -- -- 33,200

2

Includes item indicated by symbol W.

3

Detailed information on consumption of refined copper can be found in table 5.

TABLe 4

coNSUMpTIoN oF copper AND BrASS MATerIALS IN THe UNITeD STATeS, BY ITeM1

(Metric tons)

r

revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with “Brass mills.” -- Zero.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

Ingots and cakes and Wirebar, billets,

class of consumer cathodes ingot bars slabs other Total 

2014:

Wire-rod mills 1,270,000 -- -- (2) 1,270,000

Brass mills 329,000 W 43,700 51,600 r 424,000

chemical plants W W -- 231 231

Ingot makers W W W 4,510 4,510

Foundries 15,100 r 2,860 r W 9,980 27,900 r

Miscellaneous3 W W W 26,100 26,100

Total 1,620,000 2,860 r 43,700 92,500 1,760,000 r

2015:

Wire-rod mills 1,320,000 -- -- (2) 1,320,000

Brass mills 328,000 W 42,300 51,600 422,000

chemical plants W W -- 6,560 6,560

Ingot makers W W W 4,510 4,510

Foundries 19,000 3,030 W 10,700 32,800

Miscellaneous3 W W W 26,000 26,000

Total 1,670,000 3,030 42,300 99,400 1,810,000

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with “Wire-rod mills” under “cathodes.”

3

Includes consumers of copper powder and copper shot, iron and steel plants, and other manufacturers.

TABLe 5

coNSUMpTIoN oF reFINeD copper SHApeS IN THe UNITeD STATeS, BY cLASS oF coNSUMer1

(Metric tons)

r

revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data; included with “Wirebar, billets, other.” -- Zero. 
20.12 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

2014 2015

Kind of scrap:

New:

copper-base 635,000 603,000

Aluminum-base 36,700 r 35,600

Nickel-base 18 18

Total 672,000 r 638,000

old:

copper-base 140,000 136,000

Aluminum-base 32,400 r 29,800

Nickel-base 267 267

Zinc-base 10 --

Total 173,000 r 167,000

Total, new and old scrap 845,000 r 805,000

Form of recovery:

As unalloyed copper 53,400 48,900

In brass and bronze 720,000 689,000

In alloy iron and steel 2,240 683

In aluminum alloys 67,700 r 64,600

In chemical compounds 1,800 1,800

Total 845,000 r 805,000 r

revised. -- Zero.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

TABLe 6

copper recoVereD FroM ScrAp proceSSeD IN THe UNITeD STATeS,

BY KIND oF ScrAp AND ForM oF recoVerY1

(Metric tons)

Type of operation 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015

Ingot makers 15,900 15,400 57,700 57,600 43,600 73,100

refineries2 17,000 17,900 29,000 30,900 46,000 48,800

Brass and wire-rod mills 563,000 533,000 43,000 37,100 606,000 570,000

Foundries and manufacturers 37,600 34,700 10,800 10,800 48,400 45,400

chemical plants 1,800 1,800 -- -- 1,800 1,800

Total 635,000 603,000 140,000 136,000 776,000 739,000

TABLe 7

copper recoVereD AS reFINeD copper AND IN ALLoYS AND oTHer ForMS

FroM copper-BASe ScrAp proceSSeD IN THe UNITeD STATeS, BY TYpe oF operATIoN1

(Metric tons)

-- Zero.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Includes electrolytically refined copper produced from scrap material processed at smelter level.

From new scrap From old scrap Total
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

Item produced from scrap 2014 2015 

Unalloyed copper products:

refined copper 46,000 48,800

copper powder 7,060 --

copper castings 347 124

Total 53,400 48,900

Alloyed copper products:

Brass and bronze ingots: 

Tin bronzes 6,230 6,240

Leaded red brass and semired brass 37,800 37,500

High leaded tin bronze 5,100 5,100

Yellow brass 4,820 4,820

Manganese bronze 6,260 6,260

Aluminum bronze 5,130 5,110

Nickel silver 1,030 1,020

Silicon bronze and brass 4,390 4,390

copper-base hardeners and master alloys 5,900 5,810

Miscellaneous 6,090 6,090

Total 82,800 82,300

Brass mill and wire-rod mill products 727,000 663,000

Brass and bronze castings 40,600 45,600

copper in chemical products 1,800 1,800

Grand total 905,000 841,000

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

TABLe 8

proDUcTIoN oF SecoNDArY copper AND copper-ALLoY proDUcTS

IN THe UNITeD STATeS, BY ITeM proDUceD FroM ScrAp1

(Metric tons)

-- Zero.

copper Tin Lead Zinc Nickel Aluminum Total

Brass and bronze ingot production:2

2014 87,800 r 3,220 r 4,680 r 8,850 r 107 11 105,000

2015 90,100 3,000 4,170 6,860 70 8 104,000

Secondary metal content of brass mill

products:

2014r 606,000 1,090 2,350 116,000 1,210 16 727,000

2015 570,000 271 2,450 88,700 1,180 16 663,000

Secondary metal content of brass and

bronze castings:

2014 37,700 1,070 542 1,120 75 89 40,600

2015 43,100 1,030 400 969 79 91 45,600

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Includes approximately 96% from scrap and 4% from other than scrap.

TABLe 9

coMpoSITIoN oF SecoNDArY copper-ALLoY proDUcTIoN IN THe UNITeD STATeS1

(Metric tons)

r

revised.
20.14 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

Scrap type and processor consumption Stocks consumption Stocks 

Unalloyed scrap:

No.1 wire and heavy:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 18,100 813 36,900 2,340

Brass and wire-rod mills 361,000 (2) 343,000 (2)

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 19,400 (2) 20,000 (2)

No. 2 mixed heavy and light:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 61,100 2,080 95,000 4,490

Brass and wire-rod mills 12,200 (2) 42,500 (2)

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 15,700 (2) 12,500 (2)

Total unalloyed scrap:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 79,200 2,890 132,000 6,830

Brass and wire-rod mills 373,000 2,520 386,000 1,960

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 35,100 3,020 32,500 2,960

Alloyed scrap:

red brass:3

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 14,900 1,560 14,900 1,430

Brass mills 12,500 (2) 12,200 (2)

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 2,400 (2) 3,080 (2)

Leaded yellow brass:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 8,970 836 8,970 757

Brass mills 120,000 (2) 125,000 (2)

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 541 (2) 655 (2)

Yellow and low brass, all plants 135,000 (2) 52,900 (2)

cartridge cases and brass, all plants 93,300 (2) 93,400 (2)

Auto radiators:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 15,600 710 15,600 674

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 1,900 (2) 56 (2)

Bronzes:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 9,310 558 9,290 578

Brass mills and miscellaneous manufacturers 12,000 (2) 11,700 (2)

Nickel-copper alloys, all plants 10,400 98 9,950 173

Low grade and residues; smelters, refiners, 

miscellaneous manufacturers 8,890 628 8,890 612

other alloy scrap:4

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 1,010 352 220 303

Brass mills and miscellaneous manufacturers 5,330 (2) 5,370 (2)

Total alloyed scrap:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 60,100 5,390 59,200 5,080

Brass mills 368,000 1,960 290,000 421

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 24,200 1,780 23,300 1,820

Total scrap:

Smelters, refiners, and ingot makers 139,000 8,280 191,000 11,900

Brass and wire-rod mills 740,000 4,480 675,000 2,380

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 59,400 4,800 55,800 4,780

TABLe 10

coNSUMpTIoN AND YeAreND STocKS oF copper-BASe ScrAp1

(Metric tons, gross weight)

4

Includes aluminum bronze, beryllium copper, and refinery brass.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Individual breakdown is not available; included in “Total unalloyed scrap,” “Total alloyed scrap,” and “Total scrap.”

3

Includes cocks and faucets, commercial bronze, composition turnings, gilding metal, railroad car boxes, and silicon bronze.

2014 2015
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

Type of operation 2014 2015 2014 2015 2014 2015

Ingot makers 23,900 34,700 65,700 65,500 89,600 100,000

Smelters and refineries 18,300 19,800 31,500 68,200 49,700 88,000

Brass and wire-rod mills 696,000 637,000 44,400 38,500 740,000 675,000

Foundries and miscellaneous manufacturers 47,400 43,900 11,900 r 11,900 59,400 55,800

Total 786,000 735,000 154,000 184,000 939,000 919,000

TABLe 11

coNSUMpTIoN oF pUrcHASeD copper-BASe ScrAp1, 2

(Metric tons, gross weight)

r

revised.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

consumption at brass and wire-rod mills assumed equal to receipts.

New scrap old scrap Total

Dealers’ buying (New York)

Brass mills refiners’ No. 2 red brass turnings

 Year No. 1 scrap No. 2 scrap scrap and borings

2014 307.75 283.44 263.33 183.01

2015 246.13 222.45 194.49 144.62

TABLe 13

AVerAGe prIceS For copper ScrAp, BY TYpe

(cents per pound)

Source: American Metal Market.

Ingot type or material consumed 2014 2015

Brass ingot:

Tin bronzes 6,610 r 6,180

Leaded red brass and semired brass 26,300 21,400

Yellow, leaded, low brass2 10,800 r 10,300

Manganese bronze 2,380 r 2,490

Nickel silver3 4,590 3,740

Aluminum bronze 4,550 r 3,470

Hardeners and master alloys4 5,450 5,190

Lead free alloys5 3,810 3,460

Total 64,500 r 56,200

refined copper 54,900 r 65,300

copper scrap 59,400 55,800

TABLe 12

FoUNDrIeS AND MISceLLANeoUS MANUFAcTUrerS coNSUMpTIoN

oF BrASS INGoT, reFINeD copper, AND copper ScrAp

IN THe UNITeD STATeS1

(Metric tons)

4

Includes special alloys.

5

Includes copper-bismuth and copper-bismuth-selenium alloys.

r

revised.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Includes brass and silicon bronze.

3

Includes brass, copper nickel, and nickel bronze.
20.16 [ADVANC

LEA] U.S. GLOGCAL SREY MINERALABOOK—20

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity V

country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (tho

2014 410,000 $2,950,000 22,200 $34,800 11,800 $59,200 127,000 $858,000 r 430,000 $

2015:

Belgium 3 26 23 51 228 523 -- -- 10,800 

canada 21,100 106,000 16,600 23,300 2,310 8,260 36,000 205,000 27,600 

china 37,800 196,000 153 629 773 2,350 5,000 21,100 281,000 

Germany -- -- 70 57 413 2,620 12 81 30,500 

Hong Kong -- -- -- -- 1,650 7,840 7 54 8,720 

India 56 239 57 252 1,580 6,330 (2) 5 4,050 

Japan 9,130 52,700 185 220 39 184 1,000 1,130 6,140 

Korea, republic of 157 678 38 114 1,520 9,430 1,190 6,020 16,500 

Mexico 321,000 2,500,000 -- -- 64 473 42,100 250,000 723 

philippines 1,950 10,100 -- -- 29 167 289 1,140 -- 

Spain -- -- 16 3 141 886 24 127 457 

other 233 2,050 195 231 1,950 8,750 861 2,390 39,600 

Total 392,000 2,870,000 17,300 24,900 10,700 47,800 86,500 487,000 426,000 

Source: U.S. census Bureau.

TABLe 14

U.S. eXporTS oF UNMANUFAcTUreD copper (copper coNTeNT), BY coUNTrY1

 ore and concentrate Matte, ash, and precipitates Blister and anodes refined Unalloyed copper 

rrevised. -- Zero.1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. 2Less than 1⁄2 unit.
copper—2015 [ADVANC

LEA] 20.17

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value 

country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousan

2014 13,900 $131,000 26,300 $279,000 155,000 $1,120,000 45,800 $426

2015:

Bahamas, The 2 17 8 63 4 45 229 1,

Belgium 4 50 14 134 402 1,780 96 6,

canada 2,490 22,000 6,830 52,000 34,100 203,000 12,800 92,

china 413 2,290 689 10,100 2,370 17,700 97 1,

colombia 61 273 1 17 89 789 71 

costa rica 3 32 23 200 13 190 54 

Dominican republic 36 278 (3) 26 85 381 132 1

Germany 81 533 209 2,690 32 325 51 2

Hong Kong 15 154 692 6,890 87 1,260 16 

India 9 121 62 454 169 685 38 

Israel 1 9 8 80 9 152 45 

Japan 25 235 506 6,900 9 162 42 1,

Korea, republic of 241 1,990 499 4,020 925 5,230 32 

Malaysia 42 356 476 7,450 (3) 5 7 

Mexico 4,190 38,200 15,600 139,000 121,000 787,000 26,800 237

Netherlands 56 508 16 194 29 152 12 

Saudi Arabia 3,510 27,900 53 339 26 191 315 3,

Singapore 56 544 85 757 479 3,340 25 

Taiwan 22 180 91 1,760 12 346 24 

Trinidad and Tobago 3 34 21 77 160 867 30 

United Arab emirates 2,020 16,100 5 50 1 23 14 

United Kingdom 42 678 135 1,760 39 580 83 1,

other 1,060 8,890 717 6,790 480 4,300 1,760 19,

Total 14,400 121,000 26,800 242,000 160,000 1,030,000 42,800 376,

3Less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: U.S. census Bureau.

TABLe 15

U.S. eXporTS oF copper SeMIMANUFAcTUreS, BY coUNTrY1

rrevised. -- Zero.1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.2Total exports of wire rod in 2014 were 137,000 (revised) metric tons (t) valued at $1,000 million, and in 2015, wire rod exports were 146,000 t valued at $918 million.

pipes and tubing plates, sheets, foil, bars Bare wire, including wire rod2 Wire and cable, stranded 
20.18 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK—2015 Quantity Value2 Quantity Value2 Quantity Value2 Quantity Value2 Quantity V

country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (tho

2014 100 $579 1,060 $5,180 503 $5,180 620,000 $4,350,000 r 31,000 $

2015: Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 168 

canada 98 1,080 198 1,050 2 66 191,000 1,110,000 12,800 

chile -- -- -- -- -- -- 358,000 2,080,000 -- 

china -- -- 3 16 -- -- 35 1,100 55 

congo (Kinshasa) -- -- -- -- -- -- 21,400 128,000 -- 

costa rica -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 426 

Dominican republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 107 

Germany 78 155 24 130 7 95 2,130 13,700 65 

Japan -- -- 141 139 3 291 4,010 32,600 36 

Korea, republic of -- -- -- -- 2 28 302 2,610 -- 

Mexico 10 16 -- -- -- -- 94,800 534,000 12,400 

Netherlands -- -- 257 1,850 2 87 (3) 8 -- 

panama -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 557 

peru -- -- -- -- -- -- 11,700 72,300 226 

russia -- -- -- -- -- -- 206 1,260 6 

Saudi Arabia -- -- 50 272 -- -- -- -- 457 

South Africa -- -- -- -- 2,320 42,100 23 152 -- 

other 115 197 519 2,610 2,700 45,700 24,300 144,000 1,720 

Total 301 1,450 1,140 5,790 2,710 46,300 686,000 3,990,000 28,600 

Source: U.S. census Bureau. TABLe 16 U.S. IMporTS For coNSUMpTIoN oF UNMANUFAcTUreD copper (copper coN

rrevised. -- Zero. 1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.2cost, insurance, freight value at U.S. port.

ore and concentrate Matte, ash, and precipitates Blister and anode refined Unalloyed scra

3Less than 1⁄2 unit.
copper—2015 [ADVANC

LEA] 20.19

Quantity Value3 Quantity Value3 Quantity Value3 Quantity Val

country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thous

2014 1,310 $11,200 57,500 $559,000 143,000 $1,050,000 13,900 $1

2015:

Brazil 69 521 1,890 13,300 3 24 (4) 

canada 197 2,420 400 3,690 107,000 639,000 683 

chile -- -- 4 96 495 3,090 -- 

china 44 865 2,280 19,900 411 4,160 49 

Finland 1 30 4,190 38,200 711 5,690 -- 

France 13 315 1,160 9,210 (4) 2 13 

Germany 41 490 20,900 167,000 565 4,070 62 

Hong Kong (4) 4 3 44 13 194 -- 

India 26 236 218 1,810 -- -- 87 

Israel -- -- -- -- 158 1,620 30 

Italy 4 44 497 3,590 -- -- 24 Japan 29 295 1,670 32,000 12 100 4 

Korea, republic of 796 5,860 1,670 16,500 31 335 4 

Luxembourg -- -- 1,090 13,500 -- -- -- 

Mexico 441 6,040 3,280 23,000 19,400 110,000 525 

peru -- -- 7,730 52,100 101 635 -- 

russia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Sweden -- -- 39 421 118 1,130 1 

Taiwan -- -- 385 4,020 37 244 13 Thailand 7 71 197 1,750 -- -- 195 

Turkey -- -- 2 39 20 114 4,680 

United Kingdom 13 449 134 791 -- -- (4) 

other 127 379 2,500 17,500 130 1,220 127 

Total 1,730 18,000 50,200 419,000 129,000 772,000 6,470 

3cost, insurance, freight value at U.S. port.4Less than 1⁄2 unit.

Source: U.S. census Bureau.

TABLe 17

U.S. IMporTS For coNSUMpTIoN oF copper SeMIMANUFAcTUreS, BY coUNTrY1

-- Zero.

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.2Total imports of wire rod in 2014 were 143,000 metric tons (t) valued at $1,040 million, and in 2015, wire rod imports were 129,000 t valued at $771 million. 

pipes and tubing plates, sheets, foil, bars Bare wire, including wire rod2 Wire and cable, strande
20.20 [ADVANC

LEA] U.S. GLOGCAL SREY MINERALABOOK—20

Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Valu

country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousan

Belgium 11,900 $49,800 10,800 $43,300 9,440 $30,000 12,600 $33

canada 26,800 183,000 r 27,600 143,000 37,600 136,000 39,500 103

china 276,000 1,120,000 281,000 964,000 449,000 r 981,000 r 378,000 706Germany 44,900 215,000 30,500 123,000 11,700 46,900 r 13900 47Hong Kong 5,530 r 17,900 r 8,720 25,100 28,600 r 49,500 r 14,100 18India 3,220 12,900 4,050 14,800 16,900 51,600 r 17,600 48Japan 6,870 r 31,300 r 6,140 29,200 12,900 60,600 r 11,900 55Korea, republic of 14,100 92,200 r 16,500 83,900 16,700 r 85,700 r 12,000 50Mexico 708 3,740 723 3,260 3,410 r 19,600 3,490 17Spain 1,550 5,820 457 1,130 11,800 28,200 10,500 21

Taiwan 5,850 r 22,600 r 7,650 29,600 5,340 15,700 2,470 10

other 32,500 174,000 r 31,900 148,000 11,300 r 36,100 12,500 29

Total 430,000 1,920,000 r 426,000 1,610,000 614,000 r 1,540,000 r 529,000 1,140

Source: U.S. census Bureau.

TABLe 18

U.S. eXporTS oF copper ScrAp, BY coUNTrY1

rrevised.

1Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

Unalloyed copper scrap copper-alloy scrap

2014 2015 2014 2015
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

Quantity Value2 Gross weight copper content 3 Value2

country or territory (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (metric tons) (thousands) 

2014 31,000 $166,000 85,600 61,600 $401,000

2015:

Bahamas, The 50 157 602 433 689

Brazil 168 765 573 413 2,230

canada 12,800 61,100 42,300 30,400 188,000

chile -- -- 392 282 1,700

china 55 196 449 323 2,690

colombia 151 554 1,890 1,360 5,500

costa rica 426 2,110 1,310 943 5,010

Dominican republic 107 411 523 377 870

ecuador 18 63 290 209 1,080

el Salvador 97 132 662 477 2,240

Guatemala 138 614 545 393 1,780

Honduras 167 646 502 361 1,790

Mexico 12,400 54,900 30,600 22,000 107,000

Nicaragua -- -- 590 425 2,740

panama 557 2,920 173 125 588

philippines -- -- 274 197 1,410

Saudi Arabia 457 1,700 38 27 150

Suriname 208 1,050 24 17 99

Trinidad and Tobago -- -- 13 10 32

United Kingdom 21 110 96 69 423

other 742 2,680 1,160 833 3,940

Total 28,600 130,000 83,000 59,700 330,000

Unalloyed copper scrap copper-alloy scrap

TABLe 19

U.S. IMporTS For coNSUMpTIoN oF copper ScrAp, BY coUNTrY1

-- Zero.

2

cost, insurance, and freight value at U.S. port.

1

Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

3

content is estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey to be 72% of gross weight.

Source: U.S. census Bureau.
20.22 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

 country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Albaniae 4,860 5,690 5,090 3,500 3,500

Argentina 116,700 136,000 109,600 102,600 61,800

Armeniae 33,597 3 41,200 42,000 48,000 78,900

Australia:e

concentrates 922,300 3 876,000 966,000 930,000 932,000

Leaching, electrowon 35,600 38,000 35,000 40,000 39,000

Total 958,000 914,000 1,000,000 970,000 971,000

Azerbaijan 611 502 330 780 970

Bolivia:

concentrates 1,900 5,400 5,000 8,900 7,500 e

Leaching, electrowon 1,000 900 1,300 1,800 1,500 e

Total 2,900 6,300 6,300 10,700 9,000 e

Botswana 31,900 r 35,700 r 51,300 r 38,000 r 9,100

Brazil:

concentrates 213,760 223,141 271,000 301,000 r 348,000 e

Leaching, electrowon 4,550 4,374 4,060 700 r, e --

Total 218,310 227,515 275,060 302,000 r, e 348,000 e

Bulgariae 85,000 r 79,000 r 75,000 r 72,000 r 72,000

Burma, leaching, electrowone 9,000 19,000 25,000 33,200 46,900

canada:

concentrates 568,800 578,600 631,900 673,000 r 697,000

Leaching, electrowon 1,000 900 -- -- --

Total 569,800 579,500 631,900 673,000 r 697,000

chile:3

concentrates 3,238,000 3,405,100 3,843,100 3,905,600 r 3,985,600

Leaching, electrowon 2,024,800 2,028,800 1,932,900 1,844,000 r 1,778,400

Total 5,262,800 5,433,900 5,776,000 5,749,600 5,764,000

china:e

concentrates 1,270,000 1,550,000 1,680,000 r 1,740,000 r 1,670,000

Leaching, electrowon 40,000 r 40,000 r 40,000 40,000 40,000

Total 1,310,000 r 1,590,000 r 1,720,000 r 1,780,000 r 1,710,000

colombia 890 750 640 4,100 5,500

congo (Kinshasa):e, 4

concentrates 168,000 187,000 285,000 r 152,000 r 140,000

Leaching, electrowon 362,000 473,000 685,000 r 878,000 r 878,000

Total 530,000 660,000 970,000 1,030,000 1,020,000

cyprus, leaching, electrowon 3,660 4,328 3,631 3,090 2,120

Dominican republic 11,777 11,737 10,379 9,260 7,000 e

Finland 14,000 25,500 38,800 42,800 41,100

Georgiae 6,300 7,400 5,000 6,000 6,000

Indiae 37,700 34,000 36,100 25,000 30,000

Indonesia:e

concentrates 534,000 394,000 504,000 373,000 573,300 3

Leaching, electrowon 900 -- -- 1,400 3 1,200 3

Total 535,000 394,000 504,000 374,000 574,500 3

Iran:e

concentrates 249,000 233,000 209,000 205,000 232,000

Leaching, electrowon 10,100 12,000 14,000 15,000 13,000

Total 259,000 245,000 223,000 220,000 245,000

Kazakhstan:

concentrates 405,300 419,200 440,000 458,800 r 465,800

Leaching, electrowone -- 3 7,000 12,200 3 12,400 13,000

Totale 405,300 3 426,000 452,200 3 471,000 r 479,000

TABLe 20

copper: WorLD MINe proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2

(Metric tons, copper content)

See footnotes at end of table.
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

 country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Korea, Northe 12,000 16,000 17,000 19,300 20,000

Laos:

concentrates 59,897 63,285 64,900 71,200 78,400

Leaching, electrowon 78,860 86,295 90,000 88,500 89,300

Total 138,757 149,580 154,900 159,700 167,700

Macedonia:e

concentrates 7,200 9,100 9,300 r 7,800 8,500

Leaching, electrowon -- 1,100 1,900 1,700 r 2,400

Total 7,200 10,200 11,200 r 9,500 r 10,900

Mauritania 35,281 37,670 37,970 33,100 45,000

Mexico:e

concentrates 297,000 342,000 317,000 327,000 380,000

Leaching, electrowon 147,000 158,000 163,000 188,000 214,000

Total 444,000 500,000 480,000 515,000 594,000

Mongolia:

concentrates 121,600 121,700 186,700 249,000 312,000

Leaching, electrowon 2,400 2,100 2,100 2,100 e 2,100 e

Total 124,000 123,800 188,800 251,000 e 314,000 e

Moroccoe 9,400 r 10,400 r 13,100 r 19,900 r 23,900

Namibia:

concentrates 3,370 5,300 4,900 5,250 3,300 e

Leaching, electrowon -- -- -- -- 10,659

Total 3,370 5,300 4,900 5,250 14,000 e

omane 22,000 r 21,000 r 11,000 r 14,000 r 8,000

pakistane 18,800 19,200 13,500 13,100 13,100

papua New Guinea 130,500 125,300 105,500 75,900 42,900

peru:

concentrates 1,094,971 1,197,569 1,285,983 1,295,800 1,627,700

Leaching, electrowon 140,341 101,174 89,658 83,800 73,100

Total 1,235,312 1,298,743 1,375,641 1,379,600 1,700,800

philippines 63,835 65,444 90,861 91,900 83,800

poland 426,700 427,100 429,300 r 421,700 r 426,200

portugal 79,686 74,043 77,236 75,400 83,100

romaniae 6,400 r 5,900 r 6,700 r 7,200 r 7,600

russia:e

concentrates 710,400 3 718,000 720,000 740,000 730,000

Leaching, electrowon 2,700 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Total 713,000 720,000 722,000 742,000 732,000

Saudi Arabiae 1,620 6,000 9,900 10,000 10,000

Serbia 28,000 34,400 36,500 35,800 r 36,400

South Africa 96,600 81,000 76,500 87,600 77,400

Spain:

concentrates 33,000 32,200 26,100 34,800 41,700

Leaching, electrowon 42,100 67,700 69,300 71,100 70,000

Total 75,100 99,900 95,400 105,900 111,700

Sweden 82,200 82,500 83,000 79,900 74,800

Tanzania, in concentrates and dore 6,748 8,800 r 15,400 r 16,400 r 16,800 e

Turkeye 80,000 104,000 120,000 122,000 125,000

United States:4

concentrates 666,000 696,000 774,000 843,000 795,000

Leaching, electrowon 447,000 471,000 475,000 514,000 588,000

Total 1,110,000 1,170,000 1,250,000 1,360,000 1,380,000

Uzbekistane 91,500 3 95,600 97,000 100,000 100,000

Vietname 11,300 12,700 r 12,300 12,100 r 12,300

TABLe 20—continued

copper: WorLD MINe proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2

(Metric tons, copper content)

See footnotes at end of table.
20.24 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

 country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Zambia:e

concentrates 521,000 517,000 559,000 520,000 550,000

Leaching, electrowon 142,000 178,000 201,000 188,000 162,000

Total 663,000 695,000 760,000 708,000 712,000

Zimbabwe, concentratese 6,000 6,300 8,300 8,300 8,200

Grand total 16,100,000 16,900,000 18,300,000 r 18,400,000 r 19,100,000

of which:

concentrates 12,600,000 r 13,200,000 r 14,400,000 r 14,400,000 15,100,000

Leaching, electrowon 3,500,000 r 3,700,000 r 3,850,000 4,010,000 r 4,030,000

4

recoverable content.

e

estimated. rrevised. -- Zero. 1

Grand totals, U.S. data, and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Table represents copper content of concentrates produced (includes cement copper, if applicable), except where otherwise noted. Includes

data available through August 16, 2017.

3

reported figure.

TABLe 20—continued

(Metric tons, copper content)

copper: WorLD MINe proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Armenia, primary 8,876 10,075 10,771 9,810 11,600

Australia, primary 442,000 422,000 446,000 468,000 442,000

Austria, secondarye 70,000 70,000 60,000 60,000 60,000

Belgium, secondary 112,900 118,600 150,600 143,000 140,000

Botswana, primary3 16,100 17,625 21,300 14,600 13,900

Brazil:e

primary 222,550 4 186,000 4 200,000 188,000 156,000

Secondary 22,800 24,700 26,000 25,000 42,000

Total 245,000 211,000 226,000 213,000 198,000

Bulgaria:

primary 256,300 270,000 r 294,000 305,000 302,000

Secondarye 82,000 55,000 r 60,000 55,000 55,000

Totale 338,000 325,000 r 354,000 360,000 357,000

canada:

primary 304,724 287,051 254,000 289,000 280,000

Secondary 25,214 23,362 29,000 32,000 30,000

Total 329,938 310,413 283,000 321,000 310,000

chile, primary 1,522,300 1,342,400 1,358,300 1,356,200 1,496,200

china:e

primary 3,030,000 3,200,000 4,000,000 4,600,000 5,500,000

Secondary 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,000 1,900,000 1,380,000

Total 4,630,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 6,500,000 6,880,000

Finland:e

primary 156,000 175,000 175,000 175,000 175,000

Secondary 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

Total 158,000 177,000 177,000 177,000 180,000

Germany:

primary 335,000 352,400 295,200 351,100 338,300

Secondary 212,000 182,000 168,600 173,400 182,900

Total 547,000 534,400 463,800 524,500 521,200

India, primary 670,000 680,000 690,000 750,000 790,000

Indonesia, primary 276,200 198,400 217,700 236,900 199,700

Iran:e

primary 185,000 180,000 155,000 155,000 155,000

Secondary 85,000 90,000 70,000 75,000 80,000

Total 270,000 270,000 225,000 230,000 235,000

Japan:

primary 1,168,284 1,304,900 1,249,300 1,290,000 1,176,600

Secondary 269,748 303,900 313,600 310,000 295,000

Total 1,438,032 1,608,800 1,562,900 1,600,000 1,471,600

Kazakhstan, primary 303,000 302,000 269,000 214,100 r 307,400

Korea, North, undifferentiatede 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

Korea, republic of:

primary 449,200 477,300 478,800 500,000 510,000

Secondarye 89,800 144,500 4 125,100 4 120,000 130,000

Totale 539,000 621,800 4 603,900 4 620,000 640,000

Mexico:

primary 233,800 255,900 215,000 258,000 r 256,000

Secondarye 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

Totale 239,000 261,000 220,000 263,000 r 261,000

Namibia, primarye 43,800 39,800 38,100 49,600 49,000

oman, primarye 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

pakistan, primary 18,000 19,200 13,500 13,100 13,000 e

peru, primary 299,004 290,088 320,000 314,600 327,900

philippines, primary 205,000 97,000 181,900 153,000 189,000

TABLe 21

copper: WorLD SMeLTer proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2

(Metric tons, gross weight)

See footnotes at end of table.
20.26 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

country 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

poland:

primary 481,900 466,700 458,800 503,000 r 515,000

Secondary 68,200 82,300 78,000 73,000 r 68,000

Total 550,100 549,000 536,800 576,000 r 583,000

russia:e

primary 596,490 4 621,000 625,000 650,000 660,000

Secondary 242,640 4 254,000 255,000 230,000 220,000

Total 839,130 4 875,000 880,000 880,000 880,000

Serbia:e

primary 27,000 33,000 33,000 33,000 43,000

Secondary 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 2,000

Total 28,000 34,000 34,000 34,000 45,000

Slovakia, secondary 48,800 41,700 18,500 23,300 23,000 e

South Africa, primary 82,400 62,300 69,700 71,700 r 71,800

Spain:e

primary 231,300 r, 4 270,000 212,000 284,100 4 283,000

Secondary 21,700 25,000 14,000 10,000 10,000

Total 253,000 295,000 226,000 294,100 4 293,000

Sweden:

primary 162,000 151,000 140,000 150,000 150,000

Secondarye 45,000 56,000 59,000 60,000 60,000

Totale 207,000 207,000 199,000 210,000 210,000

Turkey, undifferentiatede, 5 25,000 25,000 31,500 35,000 35,000

United States, primary 538,000 485,000 516,000 522,000 527,000

Uzbekistan, primarye 92,000 96,000 98,000 100,000 100,000

Vietnam, primarye 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000

Zambia, primary 520,000 519,000 520,000 526,000 649,000

Grand total 15,900,000 16,100,000 17,100,000 17,900,000 18,500,000

of which:

primary 12,900,000 r 12,800,000 r 13,600,000 r 14,600,000 r 15,700,000

Secondary 3,000,000 3,280,000 r 3,440,000 3,300,000 2,780,000

Undifferentiated 37,000 r 37,000 r 43,500 r 47,000 r 47,000

4

reported figure.

5

Secondary production is estimated to be about one-third of total.

1

Grand totals, U.S. data, and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Includes total production of smelted copper metal, including low-grade cathode produced by electrowinning methods. The smelter

feed may be derived from ore, concentrates, copper precipitate or matte (primary), and (or) scrap (secondary). To the extent possible, 

primary and secondary output of each country is shown separately. In some cases, total smelter production is officially reported, 

but the distribution between primary and secondary has been estimated. Includes data available through August 16, 2017.

3

copper content of nickel-copper matte exported to Norway for refining.

e

estimated. rrevised.

TABLe 21—continued

copper: WorLD SMeLTer proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2

(Metric tons, gross weight)
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

country3 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Argentina, secondarye 13,000 13,000 14,000 14,000 14,000

Australia, primary:

electrowon 35,600 38,000 35,000 40,000 39,000

other 441,400 422,000 446,000 469,000 442,000

Total 477,000 460,000 481,000 509,000 481,000

Austria, secondary 112,500 113,600 82,800 r 83,200 r 83,000

Belgium:

primary 226,200 217,900 202,500 225,000 220,000

Secondary 168,000 178,800 186,900 160,000 160,000

Total 394,200 396,700 389,400 385,000 380,000

Bolivia, primary, electrowon 1,000 900 1,300 1,800 1,500 e

Brazil:

primary:

electrowon 4,550 4,374 4,060 700 r, e --

other 218,000 182,000 230,000 213,000 e 216,000 e

Total 222,550 186,374 234,060 213,700 r 216,000 e

Secondary 22,800 24,700 27,800 24,000 r 25,000 e

Total, primary and secondary 245,350 211,074 261,860 237,700 r 241,000 e

Bulgaria:

primary 201,100 201,000 204,000 209,000 205,000

Secondarye 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000

Total 226,100 226,000 229,000 234,000 230,000

Burma, primary, electrowone 9,000 19,000 20,000 33,200 46,900

canada:

primary:

 electrowon 1,000 900 -- -- --

 other 244,000 246,000 292,200 295,000 301,000

Total 245,000 246,900 292,200 295,000 301,000

Secondarye 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000

Total, primary and secondary 275,000 276,900 322,200 325,000 331,000

chile, primary:

electrowon 2,024,800 2,028,800 1,932,900 1,844,000 r 1,778,400

other 1,067,600 873,200 822,000 885,400 910,000

Total 3,092,400 2,902,000 2,754,900 2,729,400 r 2,688,400

china:e

primary:

 electrowon 40,000 r 40,000 r 40,000 40,000 40,000

 other 3,270,000 r 3,930,000 4,650,000 r 4,780,000 r 4,920,000

Total 3,310,000 r 3,970,000 r 4,690,000 r 4,820,000 r 4,960,000

Secondary 1,850,000 1,910,000 r 1,980,000 r 2,830,000 r 3,000,000

Total, primary and secondary 5,160,000 r 5,880,000 r 6,670,000 r 7,650,000 r 7,960,000

congo (Kinshasa), primary, electrowone 362,000 473,000 685,000 r 878,000 r 878,000

cyprus, primary, electrowon 3,660 4,328 3,631 3,090 2,120

egypt, secondarye 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000

Finland:e

primary 117,000 120,000 120,000 130,000 126,000

Secondary 9,000 9,000 9,000 10,000 10,000

Total 126,000 129,000 129,000 140,000 136,000

Germany:

primary 401,200 390,000 390,000 391,900 397,200

Secondary 308,000 295,700 287,600 285,000 281,000

Total 709,200 685,700 677,600 676,900 678,200

India:

primary, other, electrolytic 671,100 690,000 610,000 756,000 r 782,000

Secondarye 2,000 10,000 12,000 10,000 10,000

Total 673,100 700,000 622,000 766,000 r 792,000

TABLe 22

copper: WorLD reFINerY proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2

(Metric tons)

See footnotes at end of table.
20.28 [ADVANCE RELEASE] U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINE

country3 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Indonesia, primary:

 electrowon 900 e -- -- 1,400 1,200

 other 274,900 197,200 214,300 231,800 198,400

Total 276,000 e 197,200 214,300 233,200 199,600

Iran:

primary:e

electrowon 10,100 12,000 14,000 15,000 13,000

other 149,000 136,000 121,000 120,000 114,000

Total 159,000 148,000 135,000 135,000 127,000

Secondary 68,000 78,000 56,000 60,000 60,000

Total, primary and secondarye 227,000 226,000 191,000 195,000 187,000

Italy, secondarye 2,000 2,000 5,000 r 8,000 r 7,000

Japan:

primary 1,094,360 1,270,900 1,210,200 1,294,000 1,243,000

Secondary 233,238 245,400 257,900 260,000 e 240,000

Total 1,327,598 1,516,300 1,468,100 1,554,000 1,483,000

Kazakstan, primary:

Leaching, electrowone -- 4 7,000 12,200 4 12,400 13,000

other 338,346 367,177 352,061 294,000 392,500

Totale 338,346 4 374,000 364,261 4 306,000 406,000

Korea, North, primarye 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000

Korea, republic of:

primary 486,900 493,200 495,400 490,000 515,000

Secondary 106,600 96,200 109,800 110,000 134,000

Total 593,500 589,400 605,200 600,000 649,000

Laos, primary, electrowon 78,860 86,295 90,000 88,500 89,300

Macedonia, primary, electrowon -- 1,100 1,900 1,700 r 2,300

Mexico:e

primary:

electrowon 147,000 158,000 163,000 188,000 214,000

other 251,000 215,000 188,000 204,000 213,000

Total 398,000 373,000 351,000 392,000 427,000

Secondary 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

Total, primary and secondary 403,000 378,000 356,000 397,000 432,000

Mongolia, primary, electrowon 2,400 2,100 2,100 2,100 e 2,100

Namibia, primary, electrowon -- -- -- -- 10,659

Norway, primarye, 5 35,700 37,900 37,500 35,800 35,500

oman, primary 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000

peru, primary:

electrowon 140,341 101,174 89,658 83,800 73,100

other 227,320 210,119 271,792 263,600 279,900

Total 367,661 311,293 361,450 347,400 353,000

philippines, primary 164,000 90,400 153,000 130,000 133,000

poland:

primary 489,000 464,900 450,600 469,100 420,000

Secondary 81,900 100,800 r 114,500 107,800 154,300

Total 570,900 565,700 r 565,100 576,900 574,300

russia:e

primary:

electrowon 2,700 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000

other 663,200 635,000 650,000 660,000 650,000

Total 666,000 637,000 652,000 662,000 652,000

Secondary 220,400 209,400 220,000 220,000 210,000

Total, primary and secondary 886,000 846,000 872,000 882,000 862,000

TABLe 22—continued

copper: WorLD reFINerY proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2

(Metric tons)

See footnotes at end of table.
copper—2015 [ADVANCE RELEASE]

country3 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Serbia:

primary 25,251 32,229 32,606 31,600 r 42,700

Secondary 3,198 2,473 3,234 1,600 r 1,900

Total 28,449 34,702 35,840 33,200 r 44,600

South Africa, primary 86,166 66,416 80,821 87,700 r 77,000

Spain:

primary:

electrowon 42,100 67,700 69,300 71,100 70,000

other 247,400 r 274,400 r 226,000 r 283,000 r 284,800

Total 289,500 r 342,100 r 295,300 r 354,100 r 354,800

Secondary 86,000 88,300 68,200 73,000 70,000

Total, primary and secondary 375,500 r 430,400 r 363,500 r 427,100 r 424,800

Sweden:e

primary 179,316 4 174,000 166,000 177,000 161,000

Secondary 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 45,000

Total 219,000 214,000 206,000 217,000 206,000

Turkey:e

primary 81,500 81,300 72,000 65,000 65,000

Secondary 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

Total 86,500 86,300 77,000 70,000 70,000

Ukraine, secondarye 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000

United States:

primary:

electrowon 447,000 471,000 475,000 514,000 589,000

other 545,000 491,000 518,000 535,000 503,000

Total 992,000 962,000 993,000 1,050,000 1,090,000

Secondary 37,300 39,400 46,900 46,000 48,800

Total, primary and secondary 1,030,000 1,000,000 1,040,000 1,090,000 1,140,000

Uzbekistan, primarye 91,500 95,600 98,000 99,500 100,000

Vietnam, primarye 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000

Zambia, primary:e

electrowon 142,000 r 178,000 r 201,000 r 188,000 r 162,000

other 369,000 344,000 327,000 290,000 r 309,500

Total 511,000 r 522,000 r 528,000 r 478,000 r 472,000

Zimbabwe, primarye 4,355 4 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000

Grand total 19,600,000 r 20,200,000 21,100,000 22,600,000 r 23,000,000

of which:

primary:

electrowon 3,500,000 r 3,700,000 r 3,840,000 r 4,010,000 r 4,030,000

other 12,700,000 r 13,000,000 13,700,000 r 14,200,000 14,300,000

Total 16,200,000 r 16,700,000 17,500,000 r 18,200,000 r 18,300,000

Secondary 3,450,000 r 3,540,000 r 3,610,000 r 4,430,000 r 4,640,000

1

Grand totals, U.S. data, and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown.

2

Includes total production of refined copper whether produced by pyrometallurgical or electrolytic refining methods and whether derived from primary 

unrefined copper or from scrap. copper cathode derived from electrowinning processing is also included. Includes data available through August 16, 2017.

3

In addition to the countries listed, Thailand produced secondary copper, but available information was inadequate to make reliable estimates of output.

4

reported figure.

5

May include secondary.

e

estimated. rrevised. -- Zero.

TABLe 22—continued

copper: WorLD reFINerY proDUcTIoN, BY coUNTrY1, 2

(Metric tons)