### CHAPTER 7. ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

7.1 INTRODUCTION

........................................................................................................... 7-1

7.2 APPROACH TO ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

............................................................... 7-1

7.3 ENERGY USE FOR WALK-IN COOLERS AND FREEZERS

.................................... 7-1

7.3.1 Sizes and Product Classes Analyzed for Energy Use

.......................................... 7-2

7.3.2 Direct Energy Consumption

................................................................................ 7-3

7.3.3 Product Load

........................................................................................................ 7-4

7.3.4 Envelope Load

..................................................................................................... 7-4

7.3.5 Assumptions for Computing the Product Cooling Load

...................................... 7-5

7.3.6 Duty Cycle

........................................................................................................... 7-6

7.3.7 Matching of the Refrige ration Capacity

.............................................................. 7-7

7.3.8 Mismatch Factor

.................................................................................................. 7-7

7.3.9 Normalized Energy Consumption (NEC ) for the Refrigeration System

............. 7-9

7.4 ENERGY ANALYSIS RESULTS

.................................................................................. 7-9

7.5 State-by-State Annual Energy Consumption

................................................................. 7-10

LIST OF TABLES

Table 7.3.1 WICF Envelope Classes and Sizes for Energy Use Analysis

.................................. 7-2 Table 7.3.1 Equipment Classes for Refrigeration Equipment

.................................................... 7-3 Table 7.3.2 Combination of WICF Envelopes and Refrigeration Systems Analyzed

................ 7-3 Table 7.3.3 Daily Direct Electrical Energy C onsumption of the Envelopes (kWh/Day)

.......... 7-4 Table 7.3.4 Envelope Refrigera tion Loads (kBtu/Day)

.............................................................. 7-5 Table 7.3.5 Assumptions for Estimati on of Nominal Product Load

........................................... 7-5 Table 7.3.6 Capacities and Oversize Fact ors for the Refrigeration Systems

.............................. 7-8 Table 7.4.1 Annual Energy Consumption Estima tes for a Medium Non-Display Cooler Matched with a Dedicated Medium-Tempera ture Outdoor System (kWh/ year). 7-10 Table 7.5.1 State-wise Annual Energy Consumption Estimates for a Ba seline Small NonDisplay Cooler Envelope matched with Outdoor medium Temperature System (kWh/year)

............................................................................................... 7-11

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 7.3.1 Oversize Factor vs . Required Capacity Plot

........................................................... 7-9

7-i

### CHAPTER 7. ENERGY USE CHARACTERIZATION

7.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) analysis of annual energy usage of complete walk-in cooler and freezer (WICF) systems at various efficiency levels of the main subsystems, i.e., the envelope and the refrigeration system. These estimated values of annual energy usage (kWh/yr) are key inputs to the determination of life-cycle cost (LCC) and payback period (PBP) analyses (chapter 8 of the preliminary technical support document [TSD]) as well as national impacts analyses (chapter 10 of the preliminary TSD).

7.2 APPROACH TO ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

The TSD chapter on engineering analysis (chapter 5) provides estimates of nominal energy consumption for the two principal components of the WICFs; i.e., the envelope and the refrigeration system at baseline and at several higher efficien cy levels ideally matched with a nominally sized counterpart system. There are multiple independent design options with varying cost incidences available for each of these subsystems for achieving aggregate energy savings for the complete system. Thus, many design options are analyzed for a complete WICF system, being the multiplication product of the individual separate design options for the envelope and th e refrigeration system. The annual energy consumption for any given system in the set of complete systems configured with the envelope at a specific efficiency level, and a matched refrigeration system, also at a specific efficiency level, is ascertained using a set of assumptions for product lo ading, duty cycle, and other associated conditions. WICF systems are often custom built with varying envelope dimensions, they cater to different refrigeration loads, and they are configured with diffe rent classes of refrigeration systems. Therefore, DOE considered three typical sizes in each of the product classes of envelope as analysis points and estimated the energy consumption for these sizes. Four envelope classes and six refrigeration system classes were analyzed at multiple analysis points in the engineering analysis (chapter 5 of the preliminary TSD). Energy usage for the combined walk-in system was estimated by matching each analysis point of all the envelope classes to an appropriate refrigeration system class sized to one of the possible analysis points.

7.3 ENERGY USE FOR WALK-IN COOLERS AND FREEZERS

The aggregate energy consumption of a complete walk-in system comprises the energy consumption due to three distinct subsets of components:

1. Energy consumed directly by envelope components, i.e., lights, anti-sweat heaters, powered secondary devices for infiltration reduction, etc. (direct energy consumption)

2. Energy consumed by components of the re frigeration systems inside the envelope, i.e., evaporator fans, defrost energy, etc., and

3. Energy consumed by the refrigeration sy stem components outside the envelope, i.e., the compressor motor and the condenser fan motor.

Refrigeration or envelope-related components, located inside the cooled space, also generate waste heat and add to the refrigeration load of the envelope. The additional h eat load must also be removed by the refrigeration equipment, thereby adding to the refrigeration system electricity consumption.

7-1

### 7.3.1 Sizes and Product Classes Analyzed for Energy Use

The sizes and the product classes for the walk-in e nvelopes for energy use analysis are identical to the four primary walk-in envel ope classes identified for the engineering analysis. These are (1) nondisplay coolers; (2) non-display freezers; (3) displa y coolers, and (4) display freezers. Three typical sizes were chosen from each envelope equipment cl ass for energy-use analysis as was done for the engineering analysis. Table 7.3.1 gives details of th e dimensions of the envelopes, the respective product classes, and the product class and size code. In later discussions, the envel opes are identified by the composite product code that comprise s the product class code and the size code, e.g., the product code display cooler-small (DCS) refers to the small-sized display cooler.

Table 7.3.1 WICF Envelope Classes and Sizes for Energy Use Analysis

Dimensions [length × width × height, ft]

Class Small Medium Large Class Code Non-Display

Cooler 10’ × 8’ × 7.6’ 12’ × 20’ ×

9.5’ 25’ × 30’ ×

12’ SC

Non-Display

Freezer 8’ × 6’ × 7.6’ 9’ × 20’ ×

9.5’ 25’ × 20’ ×

12’ SF

Display Cooler 6’ × 6’ × 6.6’ 10.2’ × 7’ ×

7.6’ 80’ × 15’ ×

7.6’ DC

Display Freezer 6’ × 6’ × 6.6’ 10.2’ × 7’ ×

7.6’ 80’ × 15’ ×

7.6’ DF

Size Code S M L

For the refrigeration systems, DOE analyzed the six primary walk-in refrig eration system classes taken up from the engineering analysis. These include dedi cated indoor systems, dedicated outdoor systems, and unit coolers connected to Multiplex Systems for both medium and low temperatu re applications. DOE chose tw o representative sizes (small and large) from each of the six refrig eration system product classes for ener gy-use analysis. Each envelope product

class could be matched with one of the three medium or lo w-temperature refrigeration equi pment classes. The size of the refrigeration system matched with the WICF envelope was based on the no minal capacity of the specific size of the refrigeration system and the cooling load of the envelope. Table 7.3.3 gives the details of the matched refrigeration systems for each WICF analyzed. The class codes for the refri geration systems are defined in



### Table 7.3.2, and the size descri ptions are abbreviated; i.e., Lg. and Sm. stand for the large and small sized system, respectively.

7-2

### Table 7.3.2 Equipment Classes for Refrigeration Equipment

Condensing Type* Operating Temperature Condenser Location Class

Multiplex Medium

- MC.M

Low

- MC.L

Dedicated Medium Indoor DC.M.I

Low DC.L.I

Medium Outdoor DC.M.O

Low DC.L.O

*Note: For each of the six equipment classes, two analysis points will be used, corresponding to small and large representative units.



### Table 7.3.3 Combination of WICF Envelope s and Refrigeration Systems Analyzed

Class/ Size

code SCS SCM SCL DCS DCM DCL SFS SFM SFL DFS DFM DFL

DC.M.I-Sm 

### √

DC.M.I-Lg 

### √ √ √ √ √

DC.M.O-Sm 

### √

DC.M.O-Lg 

### √ √ √ √ √

MC.M-Sm 

### √

MC.M-Lg 

### √ √ √ √ √

DC.L.I-Sm 

### √

DC.L.I-Lg 

### √ √ √ √ √

DC.L.O-Sm 

### √

DC.L.O-Lg 

### √ √ √ √ √

MC.L-Sm 

### √

MC.L-Lg 

### √ √ √ √ √

7.3.2 Direct Energy Consumption

The methodology for estimating the direct energy consumption under different engineering options for the envelope has been explained in deta il in chapter 5 of the preliminary TSD (sections 5.5). Table 7.3.4 gives details of the daily direct electrical energy consumption of the envelope.

7-3

### Table 7.3.4 Daily Direct Electrical Energy Consumption of the Envelopes (kWh/Day)

Class/ Size

Code SCS SCM SCL DCS DCM DCL SFS SFM SFL DFS DFM DFL Efficiency

Levels

0 0.36 0.36 1.08 12.41 32.17 100.90 4.75 5.30 10.42 20.10 43.95 123.41

1 0.36 0.36 1.08 7.28 18.48 64.82 4.75 5.30 10.42 12.49 23.68 87.34

2 0.17 0.17 0.50 3.26 11.64 64.82 4.56 5.11 10.42 12.49 23.68 87.34

3 0.17 0.17 0.50 3.26 11.64 38.68 4.56 5.11 9.84 8.47 17.53 87.34

4 0.17 0.17 0.50 1.86 6.61 15.45 4.56 5.11 9.84 8.47 13.01 61.19

5 0.17 0.17 0.50 1.55 2.90 10.17 4.56 5.11 9.84 6.25 7.10 24.23

6 0.17 0.17 0.50 1.55 2.05 10.17 4.56 5.11 9.84 5.94 7.10 18.95

7 0.17 0.17 0.50 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.56 5.11 9.84 5.94 6.25 18.95

8 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.56 5.11 10.52 5.28 6.25 18.95

9 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.56 5.56 10.52 5.28 6.25 18.95

10 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.79 5.56 10.52 5.28 6.25 18.95

11 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.79 5.56 10.38 5.28 6.25 18.95

12 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.79 5.56 10.38 5.28 6.25 18.95

13 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.79 5.56 10.38 5.28 6.25 18.95

14 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.79 5.56 10.38 5.28 6.25 18.95

15 0.17 0.17 0.37 0.89 2.05 10.17 4.82 5.60 10.38 5.75 7.12 18.95



### 7.3.3 Product Load

The aggregate refrigeration load in the enve lope comprises the product load and the nonproduct load. The product heat load is the load associated with WICF’s essential function of maintaining the optimal storage cond itions defined by the specified temperature and humidity ranges for the products inside, i.e., the load directly related to the produc ts stored in the WICF envelope. This generally includes the product “pu ll-down” load, which is the load associated with reducing the temperature of delivered products down to the desire d storage temperature of the walk-in. This load varies with both the delivered product temper ature and specific heat. The product load may occasionally include latent loads associated with products required to be frozen and also loads associated with the respiration of fresh fruits and vegetables.

7.3.4 Envelope Load

The envelope (non-product) refrigeration load is composed of the following: (1) the heat transmitted through the envelope vi a conduction; (2) the air infiltr ation through the panel and door joints and also through open doors; and (3) the he at load due to the operation of the electrical components inside the envelope.

The methodology for computing the heat loads following the DOE test procedure is explained in detail in preliminary TSD chapter 5 for the Engineering Analysis. Non-product refrigeration load is computed in detail for all the design options of the four classes of envelopes in three different typical

sizes. The detailed calculations for these are shown in the spreadsheets for engineering analysis for the envelope. The envelope heat loads in kBtu/day are shown in Table 7.3.5.

7-4

### Table 7.3.5 Envelope Refrig eration Loads (kBtu/Day)

Class/ Size

Code SCS SCM SCL DCS DCM DCL SFS SFM SFL DFS DFM DFL Efficiency

levels

0 60 138 279 283 684 3,851 132 315 596 383 823 4,375

1 33 71 164 265 638 3,727 53 120 261 357 754 4,252

2 32 71 162 252 614 3,330 52 120 259 218 515 3,094

3 22 70 161 204 532 3,241 50 119 257 204 494 3,091

4 20 52 153 147 515 2,292 48 114 246 203 478 3,002

5 20 49 145 87 363 1,293 48 107 232 180 416 2,616

6 19 46 115 80 203 1,291 47 105 224 118 415 1,587

7 18 44 111 78 193 1,285 44 97 207 117 250 1,574

8 16 40 110 77 193 1,235 44 95 177 114 250 1,557

9 15 37 99 77 192 896 42 77 172 114 248 1,539

10 12 29 91 56 192 888 35 72 160 114 247 1,519

11 10 24 90 56 137 881 31 62 159 112 245 1,153

12 9 21 79 56 137 871 29 56 150 90 186 1,141

13 8 20 73 55 136 864 28 52 150 90 186 1,127

14 8 20 60 55 135 864 27 50 128 89 184 1,125

15 8 20 53 54 134 856 26 50 117 76 163 1,110



### 7.3.5 Assumptions for Computing th e Product Cooling Load

For the energy-use analysis of the WICF systems, the aggregate refrigeration load for each ofthe twelve WICF envelope sizes is obtained by adding nominal product loads to the envelope nonproduct heat load. The assumptions made for calculatin g the product load are described below. The key parameters that determine the pr oduct load are the product pull-down te mperature, the product-specific heats, and the daily loading ratio of the products in relation to the interior refrigerated space of the WICF. Table 7.3.6 gives details of th e parameters assumed for differen t product classes for the typical sizes considered for the analysis.

Table 7.3.6 Assumptions for Estima tion of Nominal Product Load

SC SC SC DC SF SF DF

Parameter Units S M L DCS M DCL S SFM L DFS DFM L

Product Pull

down TD (°F) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Product specific

heat Btu/lb

/ °F 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.4

5 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 Daily Loading

Ratio Lbs/cf

t 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 0.5



### From the physical dimensions of the envelope, the gross inside volume was computed. This was multiplied by the daily loading ratio (lbs/cft) to obtain the lbs of product that is loaded in the envelope on daily basis and generated the da ily pull-down load for the envel ope. The daily loading ratio is different from the actual average loading ratio obt ained by dividing the maximum weight of the products stored in the WICF by the volume of the re frigerated space. The daily loading ratio is lower

7-5

### than the actual average loading ratio to reflect th e quantity of products deliv ered on daily basis. The assumed daily loading ratios were higher for the coolers than for the freezers and higher for the

smallest sizes of the enve lopes than for the intermediate and hi gher sizes. The product-specific heats were assumed at 0.45 Btu/lb/ °F for the frozen products and 0.9 Btu/lb/ °F for all products stored in the WICF coolers. The pull-down temperatures were ta ken at 10 °F for both the coolers and freezers to represent an average loading condition. DOE believe s that these conditions represent the typical conditions found in the industry, and based on thes e assumptions, a reasonable nominal product load could be estimated that could be used for further analysis.

7.3.6 Duty Cycle

The nominal product cooling load was added to the non-product cooling load for obtaining the aggregate daily cooling load for the envelope. The aggregate refrigeration load is required to be removed from the envelope interior for maintaining the specified temperature condition inside the envelope. The refrigeration system to be matched with any given envel ope is required to have adequate capacity to meet the “high load” condition of the enve lope and to also have enough reserve capacity for meeting unexpectedly high product-load situations or unusually hot outside weather conditions. DOE defined the high-load factor as the ratio of the high hourly load to the average refrigeration load of the envelope over a 24-hour period. DOE modeled the “hig h load” factor to conform to the assumptions

made in AHRI standard 1250 to calculate the envel ope load (section 6). In AHRI Standard 1250, it was assumed that for a walk-in system with an indoor condensing unit, the high envelope load (BLH) is 70 percent of the capacity of the refrigeration system (q

ss 

### ) at the specified temperature of 90 °F), and the low envelope load (BLL) is 10 percent of the refrigeration system capacity at (q

ss 

### ). It is further assumed in AHRI 1250 (section 6) that the high-load period (BLH) occurs for 8 hours per day. The average envelope load (BLA) for the above situation could be derived as follows:

BLA= (8 BLH + 16 BLL )/24 Eq. 7.1

BLH = 0.7 q

ss 

### Eq. 7.2

BLL = 0.1 qss Eq. 7.3

Using the above equations, DOE obtained that the high load factor for the walk-in coolers at

2.33. An identical relationship is obtained for the c oolers with external condensers. For the freezers with the internally located condensers, the corresponding relationships from AHRI 1250 are:

BLH = 0.8 q

ss 

### Eq. 7.4

BLL = 0.4 q

ss 

### Eq. 7.5

The average envelope load (BLA) for freezers is derived with duty cycle condition identical for coolers (8 hours of high load operation, and 16 ho urs of low load operation). DOE used the above relationships to obtain the high load factor of 1.5 for the walk-in freezers.

7-6

### 7.3.7 Matching of the Refrigeration Capacity

For obtaining a matched refrigeration systems fo r the given envelope, DOE derived the hourly peak refrigeration load (kBtu/hr) for the envelope, and then used the corresponding equations in AHRI 1250 to arrive at the matched capacity. These equations are as follows

For WICF cooler systems:

BLH = 0.7 q

ss 

### Eq. 7.6

For WICF freezer systems:

BLH = 0.8 q

ss 

### Eq. 7.7

The refrigeration system capacity in the above equations is the measured net capacity of the refrigeration system measured with testing meth odology and rating conditi ons described in AHRI 1250. For the dedicated systems, q

ss 

### is the measured value at the outside ambient temperatures of 95 °F for the systems with outdoor condensing units and 90 °F for the systems with indoor condensing units. For the multiplex systems, q

ss 

### is the measured capacity of the unit coolers at an adjusted suction dew point condition of 19 °F for the cooler and -26 °F for the freezer. Using the above equations, a precise capacity (k Btu/hr) required for the refrigeration system to match with a given WICF envelope could be calculated. However, DOE recognized that an exact match for this calculated capacity may not be available in the refrigeration systems available in th e market. Under such a situation, the capacity of the best matched refrigeration system is likely to be the nearest higher capacity refrigeration system

available in the market. To account for this phenomenon, DOE multiplied the refrigeration capacity calculated above by a mismatch factor that is greater than one. Multiplying the mismatch factor resulted in somewhat higher capacity systems being coupled to a given WICF envelope.

7.3.8 Mismatch Factor

For deriving the mismatch factor, a matching tabl e (Table 7.3.7) is constructed to represent the actual matching process. DOE assu med an unfavorable mismatch situa tion where a required capacity of 9,000 Btu/ hour was matched to the next available size of the refrigera tion system having a capacity of 12,000 Btu/hour (1 ton of refrigeration = 12,000 Btu/ hour) resulting in an oversize factor of 1.33. The oversize factors are computed in 0.5-ton interval s, assuming the industry manufacturer and market refrigeration systems starting with th e smallest capacity at 0.5 ton and at 0.5-ton intervals. The oversize factors are plotted against the required capacities, and the resulting plot is presented in Figure 7.3.1

.

7-7

### Table 7.3.7 Capacities and Oversize Fa ctors for the Refrigeration Systems

Required Capacity ('000 Btu/hr) Available Capacity ('000 Btu/hr) Oversize

Factor

9 6 1.33

15 12 1.20

21 18 1.14

27 24 1.11

33 30 1.09

39 36 1.08

45 42 1.07

51 48 1.06

57 54 1.05

63 60 1.05

69 66 1.04

75 72 1.04

81 78 1.04

87 84 1.03

93 90 1.03

99 96 1.03

105 102 1.03

111 108 1.03

117 114 1.03

120



### A logarithmic trend line is fitted on the observed points, and a following relationship is

obtained.

Oversize Factor = -0.0901 Ln( Required capacity in ‘000 kBtu/ hr) + 1.4257 Eq. 7.8

DOE used the oversize factor described above to calculate the nearest matched capacity of the refrigeration systems.

7-8Oversize Factor 1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

1

0 y = -0.0901Ln(x) + 1.4257

R 2

= 0.8984

50 100 150

Required Capacity ('000 kBtu/ hr)



### Figure 7.3.1 Oversize Factor vs. Required Capacity Plot

7.3.9 Normalized Energy Consumption (NEC) for the Refrigeration System

DOE used the NEC metric for estimating the annual energy consumption of the matched WICF system. The normalized energy consumption has been defined as the annual energy consumption of the refrigeration system divided by its net capacity un der specified conditions as defined in AHRI 1250 for determining the key test metric Annual Walk-in Energy Factor (AWEF). The methodology used for computing the NEC metric for the refrigeration systems has been described in detail and the NEC results reported in chapter 5 (Engineering Analysis ). This is based on the procedures described in AHRI 1250. The duty cycles, the high load, and the low load factors proposed by DOE essentially follow the AHRI methodology.

In AHRI 1250, the total annual cooling load for the envelope and associated annual energy consumption of the refrigeration system are based on the envelope load model that assumed variation of the cooling load with the outside ambient temper ature. This relationship was based on the variability of the conduction heat gain through the three sides of the envelope assumed to be on the exterior perimeter of the building and exposed to the outsi de ambient condition. This resulted in some small seasonal variation of the cooling lo ad of the envelope. In the DOE model for energy consumption, the variation of the cooling load for the envelope with the outside ambient condition was not modeled explicitly. However, because the Normalized Energy Consumption (NEC) metrics used to estimate the energy consumption were based on the variation of the duty cycle and load factor on outside ambient conditions, the annual energy consumptions derive d using NEC results esse ntially have the same conditions implied.

7.4 ENERGY ANALYSIS RESULTS

The annual energy consumptions estimated using the methodology described above for all the envelope product classes analyzed are presented in appendix 7A. A representa tive table showing annual energy consumption estimates for a medium non-d isplay cooler matched with a dedicated mediumtemperature outdoor system is shown in Table 7.4.1.

7-9

### Table 7.4.1 Annual Energy Consumption Estimates for a Medium Non-Display Cooler Matched
with a Dedicated Medium-Temperatu re Outdoor System (kWh/ year)

Type Non-Display Cooler (Medium)/D edicated Medium-T emperature Outdoor Systems

Length × Width

× Height (ft) 12 ′ ×20 ′ × 9.5 ′

Refrigeration System Efficiency Levels 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8*

Envelope Efficiency Levels

0 15,547 14,887 13,341 11,173 8,146 5,979 5,200 5,108 4,882

1 9,813 9,398 8,428 7,066 5,165 3,804 3,315 3,257 3,115

2 9,687 9,274 8,309 6,956 5,066 3,713 3,226 3,169 3,028

3 9,654 9,243 8,281 6,932 5,049 3,700 3,215 3,158 3,017

4 8,082 7,738 6,934 5,806 4,231 3,104 2,698 2,651 2,533

5 7,832 7,499 6,719 5,627 4,101 3,009 2,616 2,570 2,456

6 7,529 7,209 6,460 5,410 3,944 2,894 2,516 2,472 2,363

7 7,396 7,082 6,346 5,315 3,875 2,844 2,473 2,429 2,322

8 7,022 6,724 6,026 5,047 3,681 2,702 2,350 2,309 2,207

9 6,753 6,466 5,795 4,855 3,541 2,600 2,261 2,222 2,124

10 6,129 5,869 5,260 4,407 3,216 2,363 2,056 2,020 1,931

11 5,650 5,411 4,850 4,065 2,967 2,181 1,899 1,866 1,784

12 5,406 5,177 4,641 3,889 2,840 2,089 1,818 1,787 1,708

13 5,289 5,065 4,541 3,806 2,779 2,044 1,780 1,749 1,672

14 5,289 5,065 4,541 3,806 2,779 2,044 1,780 1,749 1,672

15* 5,289 5,065 4,541 3,806 2,779 2,044 1,780 1,749 1,672



### 7.5 STATE-BY-STATE ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DOE calculated the average annual energy use for each WICF envelope class matched with outdoor condenser systems for all 237 typical meteorological year (TMY2) stations in the United States. DOE mapped each TMY2 station to a certain State, based on its location. Within each State, DOE assigned a relative weight to each TMY2 st ation, based on the total population of identifiable population centers (cities, towns, other) that can be shown to be most climatically similar to the TMY2 location. The detailed methodology for developing the weighting factors is discussed in appendix 7B. The annual energy consumption data for the TMY2 locations were then weighted to obtain annual energy consumption data for each State. The Stat e-wise energy consumptions for these systems are given in appendix 7C for the coolers and in append ix 7D for freezers. A representative table showing state-wise annual energy consumption estimates fo r a medium non-display cooler matched with a dedicated medium-tempera ture outdoor system is shown in Table 7.5.1.

7-10

### Table 7.5.1 State-wise Annual Energy Consumpt ion Estimates for a Baseline Small NonDisplay Cooler Envelope matched with Outdoor medium Temp erature System (kWh/year)

Refr. Eff. Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

AK 6,352 6,056 5,017 3,360 3,116 2,815 2,598 1,876 1,849

AL 6,833 6,520 5,404 3,952 3,655 3,311 3,088 2,378 2,346

AR 6,793 6,481 5,372 3,922 3,627 3,283 3,060 2,350 2,318

AZ 6,951 6,634 5,499 4,328 4,001 3,607 3,378 2,671 2,636

CA 6,795 6,484 5,374 3,754 3,472 3,141 2,921 2,213 2,182

CO 6,598 6,294 5,215 3,637 3,367 3,046 2,826 2,111 2,081

CT 6,625 6,320 5,237 3,642 3,372 3,051 2,831 2,117 2,088

DE 6,676 6,369 5,278 3,724 3,446 3,120 2,899 2,186 2,156

FL 6,983 6,665 5,525 4,237 3,916 3,553 3,326 2,618 2,583

GA 6,812 6,500 5,387 3,908 3,614 3,274 3,051 2,342 2,309

HI 7,045 6,725 5,575 4,357 4,026 3,659 3,430 2,723 2,687

IA 6,569 6,266 5,192 3,627 3,359 3,039 2,820 2,103 2,074

ID 6,582 6,278 5,202 3,617 3,349 3,028 2,809 2,093 2,064

IL 6,601 6,297 5,218 3,649 3,379 3,058 2,838 2,122 2,092

IN 6,638 6,332 5,247 3,687 3,413 3,089 2,869 2,155 2,125

KS 6,682 6,375 5,283 3,794 3,511 3,176 2,955 2,241 2,210

KY 6,684 6,377 5,284 3,736 3,457 3,130 2,909 2,196 2,165

LA 6,888 6,574 5,449 4,051 3,745 3,394 3,169 2,461 2,428

MA 6,605 6,301 5,221 3,602 3,334 3,017 2,797 2,083 2,054

MD 6,685 6,378 5,285 3,739 3,460 3,132 2,911 2,198 2,167

ME 6,522 6,220 5,154 3,520 3,260 2,948 2,730 2,013 1,984

MI 6,567 6,263 5,190 3,584 3,319 3,003 2,784 2,068 2,039

MN 6,505 6,204 5,140 3,562 3,299 2,986 2,766 2,048 2,019

MO 6,690 6,382 5,289 3,788 3,505 3,173 2,951 2,238 2,207

MS 6,834 6,521 5,405 3,972 3,673 3,327 3,103 2,393 2,361

MT 6,517 6,215 5,150 3,546 3,285 2,970 2,751 2,034 2,005

NC 6,758 6,448 5,343 3,817 3,531 3,198 2,976 2,265 2,234

ND 6,465 6,166 5,108 3,536 3,276 2,964 2,745 2,025 1,997

NE 6,612 6,307 5,226 3,689 3,415 3,090 2,870 2,154 2,124

NH 6,531 6,229 5,161 3,560 3,298 2,983 2,764 2,047 2,018

NJ 6,670 6,363 5,273 3,707 3,431 3,106 2,885 2,172 2,142

NM 6,707 6,399 5,303 3,775 3,493 3,161 2,939 2,227 2,196

NV 6,787 6,476 5,367 3,991 3,692 3,332 3,108 2,397 2,365

NY 6,647 6,341 5,255 3,670 3,397 3,075 2,855 2,141 2,111

OH 6,608 6,303 5,223 3,630 3,361 3,042 2,822 2,107 2,078

OK 6,764 6,454 5,349 3,898 3,606 3,263 3,040 2,328 2,296

OR 6,649 6,343 5,256 3,597 3,329 3,009 2,791 2,079 2,049

PA 6,633 6,327 5,243 3,662 3,390 3,068 2,848 2,134 2,104

RI 6,612 6,307 5,226 3,615 3,346 3,028 2,808 2,094 2,065

SC 6,802 6,490 5,379 3,892 3,600 3,260 3,038 2,328 2,296

SD 6,530 6,228 5,161 3,605 3,339 3,020 2,800 2,082 2,053

TN 6,770 6,460 5,354 3,874 3,584 3,245 3,022 2,311 2,279

TX 6,883 6,569 5,445 4,080 3,772 3,416 3,191 2,482 2,448



### 7-11

### Table 7.5.1 (contd)

Refr. Eff. Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

UT 6,642 6,336 5,251 3,713 3,437 3,108 2,887 2,173 2,143

VA 6,708 6,399 5,303 3,760 3,479 3,150 2,929 2,216 2,186

VT 6,519 6,218 5,152 3,545 3,284 2,971 2,752 2,034 2,006

WA 6,616 6,311 5,230 3,545 3,282 2,966 2,748 2,036 2,006

WI 6,524 6,223 5,156 3,557 3,295 2,981 2,762 2,045 2,016

WV 6,661 6,355 5,266 3,680 3,406 3,083 2,863 2,150 2,120

WY 6,516 6,214 5,149 3,533 3,272 2,959 2,741 2,023 1,995



### 7-12