SECOND DIVISION

DOYLE, P. J.,

COOMER and MARKLE, JJ.

NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be

physically received in our clerk’s office within ten

days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.

http://www.gaappeals.us/rules

June 22, 2020

In the Court of Appeals of Georgia

A20A0749. BORDEAUX v. HISE.

COOMER, Judge.

In this mandamus action, Thomas Bordeaux, Judge of the Probate Court of

Chatham County, seeks review of an order from the Superior Court of Chatham

County granting Gregory Hise’s motion for summary judgment and directing

Bordeaux to issue Hise a Georgia weapons carry license (“GWCL”). Bordeaux

challenges the superior court’s order arguing Hise was not entitled to the

extraordinary relief provided by a writ of mandamus because he had not first

exhausted his legal remedies, as required before seeking mandamus relief. Because

Hise properly brought his mandamus action following the denial of his application

for a GWCL under OCGA § 16-11-129 (j) and the trial court correctly ruled that Hise

is entitled to a GWCL, we affirm. 
Viewed in the light mostfavorable toBordeaux, asthe party opposing the grant

of summary judgment,

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the record shows that on May 6, 2019, Hise filed an

application for a GWCL with Bordeaux pursuant to OCGA § 16-11-129. Bordeaux

issued an order denying Hise’s application the same day citing as grounds for the

denial that Hise had been convicted in Virginia of misdemeanor assault in 1979. In

response to the denial of his application, Hise filed and served a verified complaint

seeking mandamus relief and attorney fees in the superior court. Hise then filed a

motion for summary judgment on June 28, 2019. Bordeaux filed a motion to open

default, an answer to the complaint, and a motion to dismiss on July 1, 2019.

Bordeaux did notfile a response to Hise’s motion for summary judgment. On October

4, 2019, the superior court issued an order granting Hise’s motion for summary

judgment, and directing Bordeaux to issue a GWCL to Hise within ten days of the

order. 

On October 11, 2019, Bordeaux filed a motion for reconsideration of the

superior court’s order granting Hise’s motion for summary judgment asserting that

he filed a timely response to Hise’s motion, but that an error with e-filing prevented

the superior court from receiving his response in a timely manner. Despite the

1 Alford v. Hernandez, 343 Ga. App. 332, 332 (807 SE2d 84) (2017). 

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superior court’s order, Bordeaux did not issue the GWCL to Hise within ten days, and

Hise filed a motion to hold Bordeaux in contempt on October 15, 2019. Bordeaux

then filed a motion for relief from judgment asking the superior court to set aside its

prior judgment against him. On November 4, 2019, the superior court issued an order

denying Bordeaux’s motions for reconsideration and relief from judgment. This

appeal followed. 

In hissole enumeration, Bordeaux contendsthe superior court erred in granting

Hise a writ of mandamus because Hise failed to exhaust his available legal options

before commencing the mandamus action giving rise to this appeal.Bordeaux argues

that Hise was required to request a hearing before the probate court as to his fitness

and eligibility to be issued a GWCL prior to filing an action for mandamus.

2 We

disagree. 

2 Bordeaux does not challenge the superior court’s findings that Hise’s 1979

conviction for misdemeanor assault did not render Hise ineligible to have a GWCL.

Bordeaux concedes that a misdemeanor assault conviction would not disqualify an

applicant from being eligible to have a GWCL issued unless the conviction involved

domestic violence. See OCGA § 16-11-29 (b) (2) and 18 U.S.C. §922 (g) (9).

However, Bordeaux argues that had Hise requested a hearing in probate court in lieu

of seekingmandamusrelief,the information regarding the nature of Hise’s conviction

would have been revealed and the matter settled. For reasons discussed further in this

opinion, we disagree with Bordeaux’s argument.

3
OCGA § 16-11-129 (j), which sets forth the statutory proceduresfor applicants

seeking relief in the event their application for a GWCL is denied, states as follows:

When an eligible applicant fails to receive a license . . . within the time

period required by this Code section and the application or request has

been properly filed, the applicant may bring an action in mandamus or

other legal proceeding in order to obtain a license[.] . . . When an

applicant is otherwise denied a license . . . and contends that he or she

is qualified to be issued a license, . . . the applicant may bring an action

in mandamus or other legal proceeding in order to obtain such license.

Additionally, the applicant may request a hearing before the judge of

the probate court relative to the applicant’s fitness to be issued such

license. Upon the issuance of a denial, the judge of the probate court

shall informthe applicant of his or her rights pursuant to thissubsection.

If such applicant is the prevailing party, he or she shall be entitled to

recover his or her costs in such action, including reasonable attorney’s

fees.

(Emphasis supplied.).

It is undisputed from the record that upon receiving a denial of his application

for a GWCL, Hise filed an action in mandamus with the superior court as permitted

by statute. Despite Bordeaux’s argument to the contrary, Hise was not required to

request a hearing with the probate judge before pursuing the extraordinary remedy of

mandamus. The plain language of OCGA § 16-11-129(j) authorizes an eligible

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applicant to file a mandamus action as a first response to a failure to timely act upon

a GWCL application or to an improper denial of a GWCL. The statute providesto the

eligible applicant, as an additional potential avenue for relief, the option of requesting

a hearing before the probate judge of the court that has denied an application based

on the applicant’s lack of fitness to be issued a GWCL. Consequently, Bordeaux’s

argument that Hise was not authorized to bring his mandamus action until he had

requested a hearing before Bordeaux is without merit.

Bordeaux has correctly concluded that mandamus can only compel an official

to performance of a duty and cannot mandate the outcome. Hise’s claim was that

Bordeaux improperly performed his duty by failing to issue the license when he did

not have information that Hise was ineligible to receive it. OCGA § 9-6-20 states,

“All official duties should be faithfully performed, and whenever, from any cause, a

defect of legal justice would ensue from a failure to perform or from improper

performance, the writ of mandamus may issue to compel a due performance[.]” Due

performance in the present case is the issuance of a GWCL to Hise, not merely a

continuing consideration or a reconsideration of Hise’s application. 

Moreover, we are equally unpersuaded by Bordeaux’s argument that Hise was

required to file his mandamus action directly with the appellate courts. OCGA § 16-

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11-129 (a) states that a judge of the probate court “shall, on application under oath,

on payment of a fee of $30.00, and on investigation of the applicant . . . , issue a

weapons carry license[.]” And when an applicant’s application is denied, “the

applicant may bring an action in mandamus or other legal proceeding in order to

obtain such license.” OCGA § 16-11-129 (j). While the Georgia Constitution

provides that “only the superior and appellate courts shall have the power to issue

process in the nature of mandamus . . . [t]his provision is merely enabling, not

mandatory.” Graham v. Cavender, 252 Ga. 123, 123 (311 SE2d 832) (1984) (citation

and punctuation omitted). See also Byrd v. Robinson, 349 Ga. App. 19, 20 (825 SE2d

424) (2019) (“The procedure to be followed before seeking to invoke [the appellate

court’s] original jurisdiction (the need for which is extremely rare) is to file such

petition in the appropriate lower court.”(citation omitted)); Gay v. Owens, 292 Ga.

480, 482-483 (2) (738 SE2d 614) (2013) (petition for writ of mandamus must be filed

initially in superior court and not appellate courts when none of the “extremely rare”

instancesin which an appellate court’s original jurisdiction isinvoked). Thus, Hise’s

filing a mandamus action in the superior court was a proper avenue to appeal the

probate judge’s decision to deny his application.

Judgment affirmed. Doyle, P. J., and Markle, J., concur.

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