# Patent

## Title
Actuation mechanism for a power tool

## Abstract

An actuation mechanism for actuating a power tool that includes a cable assembly comprising at least one outer sheath (41) arranged coaxially around an inner cable (40), wherein the inner cable (40) slides relative to the outer sheath (41). The actuation mechanism also comprises an electrical contact (42) connected to the cable assembly and a plurality of switch members (51, 54) connected to the cable assembly. The coaxial cable assembly provides the advantage that a power tool with a two handed dual-switching mechanism can be actuated without the need for two independent electrical contacts wired in series, thereby reducing the amount of electrical wiring and components needed. Additionally, an electrical contact is provided with a connecting structure connected to the handle assembly and to the housing and adapted to enable actuation of the tool in a plurality of orientations of the handle assembly relative to the housing.

## Background
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to an actuation mechanism for a power tool, and to a power tool incorporating such a mechanism. The invention relates particularly, but not exclusively, to an actuation mechanism for a hedge trimmer, and a hedge trimmer incorporating such a mechanism.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Hedge trimmers are power tools for general garden use with an axially reciprocating blade comprising a plurality of teeth disposed adjacent a stationary blade, the teeth of the stationary blade providing a reaction force for the teeth of the reciprocating blade.
Most hedge trimmers are provided with two handles for the user to grip. This is generally for two reasons. Firstly, a hedge trimmer is easier to manipulate when held with both hands than when held with one hand. This provides the user with greater control over the hedge trimmer and therefore facilitates more accurate cutting. Secondly, a two handed grip is a safety feature. It is significantly easier to lose control of a hedge trimmer when holding it with one hand, and therefore a two handed grip allows much safer use of the hedge trimmer.
For this reason, hedge trimmers are generally provided with a dual switching mechanism where independent switches are provided on both the front and the rear handles, and in order to activate the hedge trimmer, both switches must be depressed simultaneously.
An example of a dual switching mechanism for a hedge trimmer is described in EP 0214455. This document describes a hedge trimmer with a front handle having three independent switches, and a rear handle having a single switch. On actuation of any one of the front switches, a wire running through the front handle is tensioned, causing a pin to be removed from an electrical contact, and thus the contact to be closed. The rear switch abuts an electrical contact, and therefore when the rear switch is depressed, the contact closes. With both electrical contacts closed, the hedge trimmer activates.
The hedge trimmer described in EP0214455 suffers from the drawback that as two independent switching mechanisms are required to activate the hedge trimmer, there are a large number of components required, and therefore there is greater scope for breakages. This hedge trimmer also suffers from the drawback that as there are a substantial amount of electrical components and wiring required, this type of hedge trimmer is therefore costly to produce.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention seek to overcome the above disadvantages of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an actuation mechanism for actuating a power tool, the mechanism comprising:—

    
    
        a cable assembly comprising at least one outer sheath arranged coaxially around a respective inner cable, wherein at least one said inner cable is adapted to slide axially relative to the corresponding said outer sheath;
        at least one electrical contact connected to said cable assembly; and
        a plurality of switch members connected to said cable assembly, wherein actuation of at least one predetermined said switch member in use causes at least one said inner cable to move relative to the corresponding said outer sheath to close at least one said electrical contact to actuate the power tool.
    
    


By providing a coaxial cable assembly, having an inner cable and an outer sheath connected to a plurality of switch members and arranged such that movement of the inner cable relative to the outer sheath closes an electrical contact, this provides the advantage that a power tool with a two handed dual-switching mechanism can be actuated without the need for two independent electrical contacts wired in series, thereby reducing the amount of electrical wiring and components needed.
At least one said switch member may be pivotably connected to a respective handle of the tool, wherein pivotal movement of said switch member relative to the corresponding said handle displaces at least one said inner cable relative to the corresponding outer sheath.
The actuation mechanism may include two said switch members, wherein each said switch member is pivotable about an axis adjacent an end thereof located closer to the other switch member.
When the rear handle of the tool is provided with two switches, which both pivot away from the centre line of the tool, this provides the advantage that it is made more difficult for a user to operate both switches simultaneously with one hand, which could activate the tool in a dangerous manner.
At least one said electrical contact may comprise a relay.
According to a another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power tool comprising:—

    
    
        a housing;
        an electric motor provided in the housing;
        an output shaft adapted to be moved by said electric motor to actuate a working member of the tool; and
        an actuation mechanism as defined above.
    
    


The power tool may further comprise a front handle and a rear handle.
The power tool may further comprise a handle assembly including the front and the rear handles integral therewith, wherein said handle assembly is pivotable relative to said housing.
The power tool may further comprise connector means connected to said handle assembly and to said housing and adapted to enable actuation of the tool in a plurality of orientations of said handle assembly relative to said housing.
This provides the advantage that the actuation mechanism is operable when the body of the tool is pivotable relative to the handle assembly.
Said connector means may comprise at least one actuator member mounted to said housing and adapted to pivot relative to said housing to actuate at least one said electrical contact, and cooperating cam means provided on said actuator member and said handle assembly for pivoting said actuator member relative to said housing.
Said cam means may comprise at least one pin slidably mounted relative to said handle assembly and a respective cam on a said actuator member and adapted to slidably engage at least one said pin to cause the corresponding said actuator member to pivot relative to said housing.
At least one said cam surface may further comprise a first cam surface and a second cam surface, wherein actuation of a single said switch member causes engagement of a said pin and said first cam surface without actuation of the tool, and actuation of a plurality of predetermined said switch members causes engagement of said pin and said second cam surface to cause the corresponding said actuator member to actuate at least one said electrical contact.
A plurality of first said switch members may be provided on said rear handle, and a second switch member may be provided on said front handle, wherein actuation of said power tool is caused by actuation of one of said first switch members and said second switch member.
This provides the advantage that a user must adopt a two handed grip of the power tool in order to activate it, thereby ensuring safe operation of the power tool.
A plurality of first said switch members may be provided on said rear handle, and actuation of the power tool may be caused by actuation of at least one first said switch member.
This provides the advantage of allowing the option of a single switch activation of the power tool.
The power tool may be a hedge trimmer.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only and not in any limitative sense, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:—
FIG. 1 is a side view of a prior art truncated conical bevel gear assembly for use in a hedge trimmer;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view from a first side of a hedge trimmer of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view from below of the hedge trimmer of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the hedge trimmer of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a side perspective view of the hedge trimmer of FIG. 2, from the opposite side as that shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view from above of a hedge trimmer of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a side perspective view of the handle assembly and body of the hedge trimmer of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a side and rear perspective view of the handle assembly and body rear of the hedge trimmer of the present invention with the body portion tilted at an angle to the handle assembly;
FIG. 9 is a further side perspective view of the hedge trimmer of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10a is a cross sectional side view of the gear conversion mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 10b is a top view of the gear conversion mechanism of FIG. 10a; and
FIG. 11 is a side cross sectional view of the housing of a hedge trimmer incorporating the gear conversion mechanism of FIGS. 10a and 10b. 
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a switching mechanism of the present invention in the open position;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the switching mechanism of FIG. 12 in the closed position;
FIG. 14a is a side view of the switching mechanism and relay of the present invention in the open position where the handle assembly is in the horizontal orientation relative to the housing;
FIG. 14b is a side view of the switching mechanism of FIG. 14A in the partially closed position;
FIG. 14c is a side view of the switching mechanism and relay of FIG. 14A in which the relay is closed;
FIG. 15a is a side view of the switching mechanism of FIG. 14A in which the handle assembly is rotated through 90° relative to the housing and the switch and relay are in the open position;
FIG. 15b is a side view of the switching mechanism of FIG. 15A in the partially closed position;
FIG. 15c is a side view of the switching mechanism of FIG. 15A in which the relay is closed;
FIG. 16a is a cross sectional side view of the hedge trimmer housing with the latch mechanism in the open position;
FIG. 16b is a cross sectional side view of the hedge trimmer housing of FIG. 16a with the latch mechanism in the closed position;
FIG. 17a is a side view of the hedge trimmer housing, with the latch mechanism in the open position; and
FIG. 17b is a side view of the hedge trimmer housing of FIG. 17a, with the latch mechanism in the closed position and engaging the hedge trimmer handle assembly.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring to FIG. 2, a hedge trimmer (1) comprises a handle assembly (2) formed from durable plastics material pivotably connected to a housing (3). A guard (4) is formed integrally with the housing (3) and an electric motor (not shown in FIG. 2) is disposed axially within the housing (3) such that the axis of rotation of an output shaft (not shown in FIG. 2) of the motor is generally parallel to the direction of reciprocating motion of a blade assembly (5).
The blade assembly (5) extends forwardly of the housing (3). The electric motor (not shown in FIG. 2) is connected to the blade assembly via a drive conversion mechanism, the operation of which will be described in further detail below. The blade assembly (5) comprises a stationary blade disposed adjacent to a blade adapted to execute reciprocating movement along a longitudinal axis of the stationary blade. In this way, the stationary blade provides a reaction force for the reciprocating blade to grip against and cut. The operation of this type of blade assembly is well known in the art and will not be described in any further detail herein.
The handle assembly (2) comprises a forward handle (6) and a rear handle (7). Both forward and rear handles (6), (7) are formed integrally from moulded durable plastics and enable a user to hold the hedge trimmer in a variety of ways. As is well known in the art, it is desirable for certain power tools such as chainsaws, hedge trimmers and circular saws to have two handles for the user to grip, one with either hand. A two-handle assembly has two advantages. Firstly, when the tool is gripped in both hands it is more stable in the user's hands and therefore easier to control, which enables more accurate and precise cutting. Secondly, a two-handed grip on the hedge trimmer is a lot safer than a single handed grip. It is a lot easier for a user to lose control of a hedge trimmer when gripping it with only one hand.
The hedge trimmer is provided with a dual switching mechanism. In order to activate the hedge trimmer, the user must simultaneously depress a forward switch (8) and either one of rear switches (13), (14), as shown in FIG. 3. As a result, it is impossible for the user to activate the hedge trimmer without first gripping it with both hands.
It is desirable when operating a hedge trimmer with the blade in the vertical plane for the user to be able to grip the hedge trimmer without twisting either wrist at an angle relative to the other. Referring to FIG. 4, the present invention provides a handle assembly which allows a left-handed user and a right-handed user to operate the hedge trimmer in any orientation with the wrists of each arm aligned, i.e. with the wrists arranged along parallel axes. For example, the right-handed user would grip forward handle (6) with his left hand such that the fingers of his left hand pass around the front of forward handle (6) and grip switch (8) with the fingertips of his left hand. The right-handed user would place his right hand around rear handle (7) such that the fingertips of his right hand grip switch (13). It can be seen that in this orientation the right-handed user holds the hedge trimmer such that the insides of his wrists are facing each other and his wrists are aligned in planes generally parallel to the plane of the blade. The same can be said of the left-handed user. However the left-handed user would grip forward handle (6) with his right hand and rear handle (7) with his left hand such that the fingertips of his left hand are in a position to depress switch (14).
This feature of the present invention offers several advantages over the prior art. Firstly, holding the hedge trimmer without a twist in the user's arm is more comfortable, and affords the user more control over the hedge trimmer blade. Secondly, prior art hedge trimmers must be held with a twist in the user's arm. Over prolonged periods of use, the user's arms may tire, and apply an unwanted torque to the hedge trimmer as the muscles of the user's forearms attempt to orientate themselves into a more comfortable position. This makes it more difficult to accurately cut with the hedge trimmer.
Referring to FIG. 5, line A-A represents the plane of blade assembly (5). The plane of rear handle (7) is at an angle to line A-A such that the rear part of rear handle (7) is raised substantially away from the plane of blade (5). As a result of this, the knuckles of the hand of the user that is gripping rear handle (7) are raised away from the surface of the hedge being cut. This provides the advantage that the user's knuckles avoid any grazing or cutting resulting from contact with the hedge, or with the ground when carrying out low cutting.
Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, in which parts common to the embodiment of FIGS. 2 to 5 are denoted by like reference numerals but increased by 100, a second embodiment of the handle assembly (102) is shown. It can be seen that front handle (106) is swept back at a greater angle relative to the plane of the blade compared with the angle of front handle (6) relative to the plane of blade (5) as shown in FIG. 5. This feature makes the hedge trimmer more comfortable for the user to operate provided that the centre of mass of the hedge trimmer lies in the region between front handle (106) and rear handle (107) which will usually be the case, since the heaviest parts of the hedge trimmer are generally the blade and the motor housing. The user does not have to stretch his forward arm as far relative to the rear handle as he would do when using the handle assembly shown in FIG. 5.
It is therefore desirable to have the rear handle located as far away from the centre of mass as is possible. Since the two heaviest components of a hedge trimmer are generally the electric motor disposed in the housing and the forward blade assembly, the centre of mass of the hedge trimmer generally lies between the motor and the blade.
In order to make the hedge trimmer easier to manipulate, it is desirable to locate the rear handle (7), (107) as far away from the centre of mass as possible. This is because the further away the rear handle is from the centre of mass, the less force is needed to be applied to the rear handle to apply the same torque to the hedge trimmer. One way of achieving this is to make the rear handle as large as possible without increasing the weight of the rear handle, and for this reason the rear handle (7), (107) of the hedge trimmer is formed into the curved bar loop shape with a space enclosed as is best shown in FIG. 2 or in FIG. 6.
The handle assembly (2) of the present invention enables the user to operate the hedge trimmer for cutting a horizontal surface such that the wrists of the user's arms are oriented generally parallel to one another. Also, as described above, when the blade is required to be operated in the vertical plane, the user can operate the hedge trimmer with his wrists arranged in generally parallel vertical planes.
A problem can arise with prior art hedge trimmers when a horizontal surface to be cut is high up relative to the user such as the horizontal upper surface of a tall hedge, as the user may have to stretch and hold the hedge trimmer above his head. This is undesirable for the user especially when the user is on stepladders or other apparatus to raise the user from the ground. When the user is holding the hedge trimmer high up relative to his body or even holding the hedge trimmer above his head in order to cut a horizontal surface, the user is less stable than he would be were he operating the hedge trimmer further down relative to his body. Furthermore, although hedge trimmers can generally be operated upside down, it has been found that consumers are generally very reluctant to operate hedge trimmers upside down whilst held above the head.
Referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the hedge trimmer is shown without the forwardly projecting blade where the body housing (3) has been pivoted relative to the handle assembly (2). In this orientation, the hedge trimmer is operated in exactly the same way as before, with the user gripping both forward and rear handles and depressing forward and rear switches respectively. This feature makes it easier for the user to view along the plane of the blade when cutting the top of a tall hedge, and more comfortable for horizontal cutting in a position high up relative to the user's body. This is because instead of the user having to hold the handles horizontally at eye level as with prior art hedge trimmers, the user can now hold the handle assembly in front of his body whilst looking along the plane of the blade.
Referring to FIGS. 16a and 16b, the operation of the latch mechanism for holding the hedge trimmer in either of the orientations described above will now be described.
A first retaining member (81) is mounted at a first end of a first bracket (85), and the other end of first bracket (85) is mounted on a compression spring (86). Compression spring (86) is fixed to the body of the hedge trimmer housing at (87). A second retaining member (82) is able to pivot about a pin (88), pin (88) being fixed relative to the housing (3). Second retaining member (82) is also rigidly fixed to a first end of a lever (89), the second end of lever (89) being slidable in a second bracket (90), second bracket (90) being formed in first bracket (85).
When the first bracket (85) is moved in the direction of arrow S from the configuration shown in FIG. 16a to the configuration of FIG. 16b as a result of compression spring (86) extending, it can be seen that firstly the first retaining member (81) is pushed out of the back of the housing (3). Secondly, as a result of lever (89) sliding upwardly in second bracket (90), the second retaining member (82) is pivoted about pin (88) and out of housing (3).
In the configuration of FIG. 16b, either the first or second retaining means (81, 82) will engage with a corresponding portion of the handle assembly (not shown), and a user would release the mechanism simply by pushing the retaining member which is not in engagement with the handle assembly back into the housing, as this action would also result in retracting the other retaining member from engagement with the handle assembly.
Referring to FIGS. 17a and 17b, the hedge trimmer housing (3) engages the hedge trimmer handle assembly at a cylindrical pivot (80) such that the housing (3) can rotate about pivot portion (80). The hedge trimmer can be operated in two separate orientations, the in-line orientation as shown in FIG. 2, or the orientation shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 where the hedge trimmer housing (3) is rotated through 90° relative to the hedge trimmer handle assembly (2).
In order to retain the hedge trimmer housing (3) in position relative to the handle assembly, the housing (3) is provided with the first retaining member (81) and the second retaining member (82). Both first and second retaining members (81, 82) are retractable relative to the housing (3), and are shown in their respective retracted positions in FIG. 17a. The rear end of housing (3) has an integrally formed abutment surface (83) shaped to receive an engaging portion (84) of handle assembly (2). It can be seen that the engaging portion (84) of the handle assembly is received between abutment surface (83) of the housing (3) and the first retaining member (81) such that the engaging portion (84) can not move in either the upwards or downwards direction relative to housing (3). The first retaining member (81) is so shaped that the engaging portion (84) can slide into engagement with abutment surface (83) by displacing retaining member (81), but cannot move out of engagement with abutment surface (83) until retaining member (81) is retracted into the housing (3).
When the hedge trimmer is used in the orientation shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, second retaining member (82) grips a second engaging portion (not shown) of the handle assembly, and in this orientation even though first retaining member (81) is deployed, it is not in use. In order to release the latch mechanism, either first or second retaining members (81, 82) can be depressed by the user, depending on which one is not in engagement with the handle assembly, which simultaneously moves both first and second retaining members (81, 82) into the housing.
Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, the dual switching mechanism of the present invention will now be described.
A bowden cable, such as that used to operate the brakes on a pedal bicycle, consists of an inner cable (40) surrounded by an outer sheath (41). The inner cable (40) passes through the outer sheath (41) and is slidable relative thereto. An electrical contact shown generally by (42) comprises a first metallic pad (43) mounted on a first arm (44), the arm being pivotable about point (45) and a second metallic pad (46) mounted on a second arm (47), the second arm being pivotable about point 48 such that metallic pads (43) and (46) can be pivoted towards each other, and into contact.
A first end of inner cable (40) is attached to metallic pad (43) at point (49), and a first end of outer sheath (41) is attached to second arm (47) at point (50).
A first switch (51) comprises an arm (51) that is pivotable about point (52), the arm (51) being attached to a second end of inner cable (40) at point (53). A second switch (54) comprises an arm (54) that is pivotable about point (55) and is attached to the outer sheath (41) at point (56).
Referring to FIG. 13, first switch (51) and second switch (54) are operated by a user applying pressure and pivoting them away from each other in the direction shown by arrows I and J. As first switch (51) is rigidly attached to the inner cable (40), and second switch (54) is rigidly attached to the outer sheath (41), the pivoting motion of the switches in opposite directions draws the inner cable (40) through outer sheath (41), whilst at the same time second switch (54) pushes outer sheath (41) around inner cable (40). As a result of this, inner cable (40) pulls first metallic pad (43) in the direction of arrow K, and outer sheath (41) pushes the second metallic pad (46) in the direction of arrow L such that pads (43), (46) come into contact.
It can be seen then that if only one switch, either (51) or (54), is moved whilst the other switch remains in the open position, the resulting movement of the bowden cable would only consist of independent movement of either the inner cable (40) or outer sheath (41) such that the contact would only be half closed, as only one metallic pad would be moved into a contacting position.
It should also be appreciated that further embodiments of a switching mechanism of this type are possible with more than two switches. For example, a single inner cable (40) can be provided with a plurality of outer sheaths (41), each outer sheath moving independently of one another which provides the option of adding more switches and/or electrical contacts. It should also be noted that in practice, taking the example of a two switch mechanism, the mechanism will be set up such that closing one switch will have the result of partially closing the contact by more than half the distance required to fully close the contact, and closing the second switch will also have the result of more than half closing the contact. In this way, it is ensured that the contact will actually be closed when both switches are closed.
It should also be appreciated that FIGS. 12 and 13 are only a schematic representation of the switching mechanism, and in practise the contacts be in the form of something other than pivoting metallic pads, as will be described below.
Referring to FIGS. 14a to 15c, the operation of the pivoting switching mechanism will now be described.
Referring to FIG. 14a, a pin (61) is held in a pin housing (62) for movement with the pin housing (62), and the pin housing (62) is disposed in the hedge trimmer handle assembly (not shown). The pin (61) and pin housing (62) are slidable relative to the hedge trimmer handle assembly (not shown) in the direction of arrow M. Pin (61) projects outwardly from housing (62) and is received in an aperture (68) formed in an arm member (63). Arm member (63) is mounted to the hedge trimmer body housing (not shown) by a pin (64). Arm member (63) is pivotable about pin (64) in the direction of arrow N relative to the hedge trimmer housing (not shown). An electrical relay (65) is disposed in the hedge trimmer housing (not shown) such that when arm (63) is pivoted in the direction of arrow N, a remote end (66) of arm (63) depresses a switch (67) and closes relay (65).
Referring now to FIG. 14b, when a first switch (e.g., 8; or one of 13, 14), is depressed by the user, a cable (72, shown schematically) causes pin (61) to move with pin housing (62) in the direction of arrow M so that pin (62) slides along cam surface (69) provided in aperture (68). It can be seen, however, that the movement of pin (61) is insufficient to cause arm member (63) to pivot about pin (64) and close relay (65). Referring now to FIG. 14c, in order to close the relay (65), the user must depress a second switch (e.g., one of 13, 14; or 8) provided on the handle assembly, which causes pin (61) to move with pin housing (62) a further distance in the direction of arrow M so that pin (62) slides along a second cam surface (70), provided in aperture (68), causing arm member (63) to pivot about point (64) and close the relay (65).
It can therefore be seen that in order to close the relay (65), a user must depress both first and second hedge trimmer switches, which in the embodiment of the hedge trimmer shown in FIG. 4 for example, would be switch (8) formed on front handle (6) and either one of switches (13), (14) formed on rear handle (7).
Referring to FIG. 8, the hedge trimmer body housing (3) can be pivoted at 90° relative to the handle assembly (2). Referring now to FIG. 15a, the pin housing (62) is rotated through 90° from the position shown in FIG. 14a. Pin (61) now abuts third cam surface (71), and as the hedge trimmer housing has remained stationary, arm member (63) remains in the same position.
Referring now to FIG. 15b, when a user depresses a first switch (e.g., 8; or one of 13, 14), in the same way as shown in FIG. 14b except at 90° to FIG. 14b, pin (61) moves with pin housing (62) through a first distance in the direction of arrow P and pin (61) moves from cam surface (71) to cam surface (69). It can be seen however, that pin (61) has not moved sufficiently to pivot arm (63) about pin (64) to close relay (65).
Referring now to FIG. 15c, in order to close relay (65), the user must depress a second switch (e.g., one of 13, 14; or 8) which further moves pin (61) with pin housing (62) in the direction of arrow P thus pivoting arm (63) about pin (64) and completing the closure of relay (65).
Referring now to FIG. 11, an electric motor (114) is disposed axially in housing (3), such that the axis of rotation (15) of the motor output shaft (16) is parallel to the plane of blade (5). It can be seen therefore that in order to drive the blade mechanism, the direction of rotation about axis (15) needs to be converted through 90° into rotation about axis (17).
As shown in FIGS. 10a and 10b, the drive conversion mechanism of the present invention for converting rotation about a first axis to rotation about a second axis comprises a shaft (30) rotating in the direction of arrow (31). A plurality of axially aligned parallel teeth (32) are formed at the end of shaft (30). Parallel teeth (32) intermesh with a second plurality of radial teeth (33) formed on the upper surface of a gear plate (34). Gear plate (34) is mounted on a second shaft (35) such that gear plate (34) is free to rotate about an axis Z-Z. As a result of this, the rotation of shaft (30) imparts rotation to gear plate (34) in the direction of arrow (36) due to the reaction between teeth (32) and teeth (33).
This method of converting rotation about a first axis into rotation about a second axis generally perpendicular to said first axis is substantially cheaper to manufacture than prior art methods, as the engineering tolerances between teeth (32) on the shaft (30) and teeth (33) on the gear plate (34) can be less than those needed to be achieved with the conical gears of the prior art drive mechanisms such as that shown in FIG. 1.
Referring again to FIG. 11, the incorporation of the drive conversion mechanism of FIGS. 10a and 10b into the hedge trimmer of the present invention will now be described.
The electric motor 114 drives the rotary output shaft (16) adapted to rotate about axis (15). A plurality of teeth (140) are formed on the end of shaft (16) and intermesh with a second plurality of teeth (141) formed on a gear (142). Gear (142) is adapted to rotate about axis (18) which is parallel to axis (15), and as gear (142) comprises a larger number of teeth (141) than the number of teeth (140) formed on output shaft (16), the rotational speed of gear (142) is less than that of output shaft (16). Gear (142) is mounted on the shaft (30) which has the further set of teeth (32) formed around the end of shaft (30). Teeth (32) intermesh with the plurality of radial teeth (33) formed on the upper surface of the gear plate (34). Gear plate (34) is mounted on shaft (35) and adapted to rotate about axis (17) such that the rotation of shaft (30) about axis (18) is converted to rotation about axis (17) generally perpendicular to axis (18).
It can therefore be seen that the teeth on shaft (32) can still drive gear plate (34) despite variations in position between the shaft and the gear plate, provided the teeth on the shaft still engage the teeth on the gear plate. The shaft and gear plate therefore do not need to be as accurately located relative to each other as the bevel gears of the prior art.
It can also be seen that the inline rotation of the motor output shaft (16) is converted into rotation in the plane of blade (5). The blade (5) is connected to gear plate (34) via a drive conversion mechanism (now shown) for converting rotary motion about axis (17) into linear reciprocating motion perpendicular to axis (17) in a manner which will be familiar to persons skilled in the art, such as a scotch yoke mechanism. Mechanisms of this type are well known in the art and will not be described herein in any further detail.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above embodiments have been described by way of example only and not in any limitative sense, and that various alterations and modification are possible without departure from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A power tool comprising:
a housing;
an electric motor provided in the housing;
an output shaft adapted to be moved by said electric motor to actuate a working member of the tool; and
an actuation mechanism comprising a cable, an electrical contact connected to said cable, and a plurality of switch members connected to said cable;
wherein actuation of at least two of said plurality of switch members in use causes said cable to move to close said electrical contact to actuate the power tool; and
a handle assembly including a front handle integral with a rear handle, wherein said handle assembly is pivotable relative to said housing, and the plurality of switch members are located on the handle assembly;
the electrical contact comprising a connector means connected to said handle assembly and to said housing and adapted to enable actuation of the tool in a plurality of orientations of said handle assembly relative to said housing;
wherein said connector means comprises a first actuator member and a second actuator member, said first actuator member mounted to said housing for movement therewith relative to said handle assembly, and said second actuator member mounted to said handle assembly for movement therewith relative to said housing, said first actuator member further adapted to pivot relative to said housing to actuate a switch of said electrical contact, said first actuator member having a cam surface that causes the first actuator member to be pivoted by the second actuator member to pivot said first actuator member relative to said housing.

2. The power tool according to claim 1, wherein said second actuator member comprises a pin slidably mounted relative to said first actuator member, said cam surface adapted to slidably engage said pin to cause said first actuator member to pivot relative to said housing.

3. The power tool according to claim 2, wherein said cam surface further comprises a first cam surface and a second cam surface, wherein actuation of a first switch member of said plurality of switch members located on the handle assembly causes engagement of said pin and said first cam surface without actuation of the tool, and actuation of a second switch member of said plurality of switch members located on the handle assembly during actuation of said first switch member causes engagement of said pin and said second cam surface to cause said first actuator member to actuate said switch of said electrical contact.

4. The power tool according to claim 1, wherein the power tool is a hedge trimmer.

5. An actuation mechanism of a power tool, the mechanism comprising:
a handle assembly;
a cable;
an electrical contact assembly connected to said cable; and
a plurality of switch members connected to said cable, wherein the plurality of switch members comprises a first switch member and a second switch member;
wherein the switch members are located on the handle assembly of the power tool, the handle assembly being pivotable relative to a motor housing, a portion of the electrical contact assembly is connected to move with the handle assembly relative to the motor housing and another portion of the electrical contact assembly is connected to move with the motor housing relative to the handle assembly;
wherein actuation of the first switch member causes said cable to move to partially close said electrical contact assembly, and actuation of the second switch member during actuation of the first switch member causes further movement of said cable to fully close said electrical contact assembly; and
wherein the electrical contact assembly includes a pin located inside an aperture of an arm member, wherein the pin is mounted to one of the motor housing or the handle assembly and the arm member is mounted to the other of the motor housing or the handle assembly, the pin being slidable within the aperture to pivot the arm member into engagement with a switch of the electrical contact assembly to actuate the power tool.

6. The actuation mechanism of a power tool according to claim 5, wherein the aperture is formed by at least two cam surfaces, so that actuation of the first switch member causes the pin to slide against a first one of said cam surfaces to pivot the arm member and actuation of the first and second switch members causes the pin to slide against the second one of said cam surfaces and further pivot the arm member.

7. The actuation mechanism of a power tool according to claim 5, wherein the power tool is a hedge trimmer.