Introduction 

212 Resources treats waste water for the oil and gas industry. 

212 owns and operates proprietary technologies that process produced and flowback

waters, oil recovery plants to manage upstream hydrocarbon wastes and systems that 

purify waste water from oilfield operations into “engineered water” for drilling, 

completion and production needs.

Each of our projects is individualized to the needs of the client and designed with the 

flexibility to accommodate complex and ever-changing waste stream properties. 

Providing exceptional service is key to our success which is achieved daily through the 

quality and dedication of our people, our management teams and finally 

complemented by our technologies and attitude to be the best in the industry. 

Our name, 212 Resources, is based upon the Temperature (2120F) that water boils at 

Sea Level. 

212 Resources
Brine Management 

There are currently a number of viable Treatment/disposal options in use, including:

1. Offsite Primary Treatment & Reuse

2. Well Site Primary Treatment & Reuse

3. Brine Injection Well Disposal

4. Offsite TDS Removal and Reuse

5. Well Site TDS Removal and Reuse

6. Treatment for beneficial use 

Available Options
Brine Management 

With the rapid growth of unconventional oil and gas development, regulatory agencies 

have increased focus on impacts of hydraulic fracturing operations.

Particular concerns centered on:

• Surface water quality

• Groundwater quality

• Air Quality

• Residual waste disposal (naturally occurring radioactivity material (NORM))

Evolving Regulatory Requirements
Brine Management 

• Flowback/Produced Water recycled is estimated to be ~80-90% of total generated 

in Marcellus Play in 2012

• Therefore ~10-20% of flowback/produced water requires TDS removal treatment 

and/or disposal via injection wells.

• Challenges in achieving 100% recycle rates:

 After multiple recycles constituents in the frac water (TDS, etc.) continue to 

increase (potentially impacting water quality)

 Interruptions in well development operations and limited storage capacity may 

require disposal of excess flowback/produced water

 Water can, and will, become “Worn Out” and will no longer provide consistent 

fracturing / production results 

Re-Use and Reality
Brine Management 

In the Marcellus Field annual produced water quantities will increase six-fold from 

2011 (0.3 billion gal) to 2020 (1.7 billion gal)

• As drilling activity declines, increased quantities of produced water will not be able 

to be recycled and used as frac water 

• As a result brine disposal and TDS removal facilities will need to increase 

significantly to meet demand

• In anticipation of this demand:

• Several TDS removal treatment facilities are currently in the planning and/or 

permitting stages

• Several disposal well siting studies are currently underway in PA

Re-Use and Reality 
Brine Management 

E&Ps are increasingly considering TDS removal treatment because:

• of stringent TDS discharge limits 

• there are potential concerns regarding injection wells 

• of increased quantities of produced water that can’t be recycled as frac water

• It enables reuse options, including land application & surface hole drilling

• It provides a stable, predictable water chemistry that enables production 

TDS removal process generates

• Distillate for well reuse, industrial applications or land application

• Brine concentrate - disposed of (in injection wells) or further treated for landfilling 

or beneficial reuse

Re-Use and Reality 
Brine Management 

Brine concentrate treatment

• Typically uses a crystallizer to form salt cake that is landfilled or further treated to 

form salt crystals for beneficial reuse

• Re-Use Examples:

 Salt crystals can be used for road deicing and/or commercial/industrial 

applications (e.g., production of chemicals for gas and oilfield use)

 Purified Brine (scale, transition metals, boron and solids removed) can be used 

for unconventional well petroleum recovery

 Purified concentrated brine has uses in disposal well management

 Scale –promoting ions recovered from brine purification can be used to 

produce other chemicals for agriculture and industrial applications

Re-Use and Reality 
9

Process • Integrated Distillation • Tolerant of high TDS feeds • Hydrocarbon & Alcohol 

Recovery

• Critical Water Quality

Mechanical • 3,000 bbl/day Transportable 

System

• Modular O&G Field Design

Electrical • On-Site Power Generation • Modular configuration • Advanced Controls • Hazardous Classification
10

Water Treatment - Process Flow

Reserve/Flowback Pit

Or Tank

Course

Filter

Oil/Water

Separator

Recovered

Condensate

Steam Stripper

Clean Water 

for E&P Reuse 92% of inlet volume out at ≤ 150 ppm TDS *

Final Polishing 

Saturated

Brine 

300,000 ppm TDS

Methanol

& VOC

/\/\/\

/\/\/\

High TDS Feed 

* Based on 26,000 ppm TDS Feed

Pre-Heat

12

Steam 

Disengagement 

Vessel

Heat Exchanger

Mechanical Steam 

Compressor
13

Heat Exchanger

Steam 

Disengagement 

Vessel

Distillation Column

Effluent Polishing 

and Discharge

Mechanical Steam 

Compressor
14

Redundant

Systems
Field Transportable 

Day 1

3/18/2009 9:14am

Day 2

3/19/2009 12:58 pm

Day 5

3/22/2009 5:57 pm

Day 10 Fully operational

3/28/2009 5:34 pm

Modular, Flexible and Automated

17
• Remote Location, harsh conditions

• No Grid Power

• 120 miles to nearest disposal facility

• 45 miles on a 2 lane mountain road

• 75 to 100 trucks per day (6 hour RT)

• Environmental risk of transportation

• New field development

• No evaporation pits allowed 

• Limited Injection capability

• Discharge will require strict compliance 

with complex permits

Challenge
• Permitted Capacity 10,000 barrels per day 

• Discharge to a Class 1 Cold Water Aquatic 

Life Stream in the Upper Colorado River 

drainage area

• Located at 7,500ft (2,300 meter) elevation

• Harsh weather conditions, year round 

operations

• Meets NPDES discharge standards 

• Electrical power generated on-site 

(2,500kW, 480 VAC, 60hz) 

• Generators meet Title V emissions 

standards

• Co-Location with compressor station 

resulted in tighter air emissions standards.

• Air Emissions from tankage and relief 

sources controlled to flare

Installation
How Clean Is Clean?
PARAMETER

ACTUAL EFFLUENT RESULTS

30 Day 

Average

7 Day 

Average

Daily 

Maximu

m

2- Year 

Average PQL Pass/Fai

l

Effluent Flow (MGD) 0.194 Pass

Temp (°C) June -Sept 14.8 Pass

Temp (°C) Oct –May 3.7 10.8 4.1 Pass

pH (su) 8 8.3 Pass

TSS, effluent (mg/L) <4.0 <4.0 10 Pass

Oil and Grease (mg/L) 1.7 1.7 Pass

TDS (mg/L) 322.5 384 10 Pass

As, Tot (μg/L) <1 <1 1.0 Pass

Ba, TR (μg/L) 15.4 5.0 Pass

Be, TR (μg/L) <0.5 <0.5 1.0 Pass

Cd, PO (μg/L) <0.5 1.0 Pass

Cr +3, TR (μg/L) (Cr Tot 

(μg/L)) 2.2 3 2.2 20 Pass

Cu, PO (μg/L) 2.2 3 1.3 5.0 Pass

CN, WAD (μg/L) <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 5.0 Pass

Fe, TR (μg/L) 9 9 10 Pass

Pb, TR (μg/L) 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.0 Pass

Mn, PD (μg/L) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.0 Pass

Hg, Tot (μg/L) <0.1 <0.1 0.1 Pass

Ni, PO (μg/L) <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 50 Pass

Se, PD (μg/L) 1.8 4.9 1.8 1.0 Pass

Ag, PD (μg/L) <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.5 Pass

U, PD (μg/L) 1.9 5.7 1.9 1.0 Pass

Zn, PO (μg/L) 4.9 20 4.9 10 Pass

B, Tot (mg/L) 0.39 0.39 .05 Pass

Chloride (mg/L) 121.7 126 2.0 Pass

Sulfide (mg/L) <0.2 <0.2 0.2 Pass

Calcium (mg/L) 25.1 0.02 Pass

Magnesium (mg/L) 3.3 0.02 Pass

Sodium (mg/L) 37.7 0.2 Pass

Bicarbonate as HC03 

(mg/L) 93.8 Pass

SAR calc limit (capped at 

6.7) 1.95 Pass

SAR, adjusted SAR, 

effluent 1.62 Pass

SAR, Pass/Fail Pass Pass

EC maximum (dS/m) 0.788 Pass

Radium 226 +228 (pCi/L) 0.44 0.67 0.44 Pass

WET Test Pass Pass

PARAMETER

FEED CHARACTERISTICS

MIN MAX AVERAGE

Effluent Flow (MGD) 0.21

Temp (°C) June -Sept

Temp (°C) Oct –May

pH (su) 5.3 7.4 6.82

TSS, effluent (mg/L) 24 157 75.29

Oil and Grease (mg/L) 15 79 36.91

TDS (mg/L) 6160 76700 19930

As, Tot (μg/L) 30 110 43

Ba, TR (μg/L) 3190 60000 31680

Be, TR (μg/L) ND ND ND

Cd, PO (μg/L) 0 0.1 0

Cr +3, TR (μg/L) (Cr Tot (μg/L)) 4.2 8.3 6.8

Cu, PO (μg/L) 2.0 16 6.9

CN, WAD (μg/L) 4 12 7.5

Fe, TR (μg/L) 8200 80200 30093

Pb, TR (μg/L) 1 40 23

Mn, PD (μg/L) 2 47 11.5

Hg, Tot (μg/L) 0.0 0.7 0.2

Ni, PO (μg/L) 3 9 6.3

Se, PD (μg/L) 60 300 160

Ag, PD (μg/L) 17.1 282 149.6

U, PD (μg/L) 0 1.5 0.1

Zn, PO (μg/L) 10 120 54.2

B, Tot (mg/L) 3.9 8.4 6

Chloride (mg/L) 3800 11900 8586.25

Sulfide (mg/L) 0.6 1.1 0.7

Calcium (mg/L) 70.7 343 231.99

Magnesium (mg/L) 8.1 26.7 20.84

Sodium (mg/L) 2570 8230 5509.36

Bicarbonate as HC03 (mg/L) 400 944 692.25

SAR calc limit (capped at 6.7) n/a n/a n/a

SAR, adjusted SAR, effluent n/a n/a n/a

SAR, Pass/Fail n/a n/a n/a

EC maximum (dS/m) 1430 2630 2300

Radium 226 +228 (pCi/L) 3.5 10.8 7.3

WET Test n/a n/a n/a
• Demineralization

• Concentrated Brine Disposal 

• Removal of Soluble Organics

• General Hardness / Scale Control

• Suspended Solids

• Friction Reducer Removal

• Microbial Control

• Biocide removal

• NORM Control

Field Operation Concerns 
• Re-Use

• Asset Development

• Surface Hole 

• Land Application / Agricultural 

• NPDES Discharge

• Other Beneficial Re-Use

• Re-injection

Water Management Options
• Tighter regulations for surface disposal of water

• More stringent regulations regarding impoundments and 

mixing with fresh water including reporting requirements

• Risk Management - road crossings, stream crossings

• Risk of moratorium on drilling and fracking - driving 

disposal instead of re-use

• Reduction in availability of source water leading to 

requirement to re-use

Pending Regulatory Issues
• Hydraulic fracturing – disclosure of chemistry

• Produced water transfer and containment

• Permission to mix and dilute

• Fresh water conservation

• Competition for fresh water sources

• Regulations regarding on-site water treatment

• Environmental footprint constraints (trucking, fresh 

water usage, waste disposal)

Pending Regulatory Issues
• What are the forecast volumes of flowback water and 

produced water generated each year? 

• How fast does this output grow while the field is in its 

build-out mode? 

• Is water reuse the complete answer in terms of water 

disposal for the entire life cycle? 

• Is there a limit to water reuse as a management option? 

• If there is a limit, when does this option run out during 

the life of the field?

Design Parameters
• When reuse capacity runs out, what are the alternate 

water disposal options that will allow the development 

area to complete its production of gas? 

• What optimal water management processes need to be 

considered to economically support water reuse and 

other disposal options during the life of the field?

• What are the Permitting Requirements for the various 

treatment options?

Design Parameters
• VOC Management

• Ammonia Management

• NORM Management

• Soluble Organics Management

• Land Application enabled

• Beneficial Re-Use 

• Transportation Reduction

• Dependable Operations

• Operations to -40° F

• Proven in-field results

• 4,000,000bbls treated to Surface Hole 

re-use standards

Performance
• Performance Based Contracts 

• All-In Pricing 

• Readily adaptable to Grid Power

• 500bbl per day Mobile Systems

• Permit Responsibility

• Tank Bottoms

• Condensate Management

• Concentrated Brine Management

• RO Reject Stream Concentration

• Custom Fit Solutions 

• Brine Re-use 

• Concise Water Quality Control

212 Solutions
14950 Heathrow Forest Parkway | Suite 150 | Houston, Texas | 77032 | 713.554.3500