11/01/201 1 1G:0 9 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/2011 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + DM S ANM 7 21002/03 7 PAG E 02/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 e I D 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 $ 1 7 I B 1 9 3 0 2 1 3 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 S 2 7 2 B 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 d 3 5 3 5 3 7 3 6 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 £ 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 S I 5 2 5 3 JEFFRE Y M.HAKPE R FA A OFFIC E O FREGIONA

L COXJMSE

L J 60 1 LIN D AVENU

E SOUTHWES T RENTON
. WASHINGTON9805 7 TEI,BPHONE : (425)227-21,6 1 FACSIMILE : (425 ) 227-100 7 

### "MEMTO F iSPORWIO N '{OPERATiON S ! V - 2 ~ A

' A "J

- c y 

### UNITE D STATE S O FAMERIC A DEPARTMENT O FTRANSPORTATIO N OFFIC E O FHEARING S WASHINGTON , D.C
.
I n th e Matter

of : Sk y Wes t Airlines , Inc
. FA A DOCKE T No t Assigne d FA A Cas e No
. 20UNM06001 0 DMSNo.FAA-20n-04g 6 MOTIO N FO RDECISIO N Judge : Richar dC
. Goodwi n To : Honorabl e RichardC
. Goodwi n

MOTIO N FO RDECISION , OR , I N TH E ALTERNATIVE , MOTIO N FO RSUMMAR Y JUDGMEN T Pursuan t t o sectio n 13.218(f)(5 ) o f th e Federal Aviatio n Administration' s (FAA ) Rul e o f Practic e in Civi l Penalty Proceedings , 1 4 C.F.R
. § 13.21S(f)(5) , th e Admioistrato r o f th e FA A
. file s thi s Motio n for

Decision , .Introductio n Th e FA A i s entitle dt o adecisio n a s amatte r o f law becaus e ther e ar e n o genuin e issue s o f materia l fact ; thi s Cour

t shoul dgran t

th e Administrator' s Motio n for Decision

. A s state di n th e Complaint , Sk

y Wes t Airlines , Inc
. (Respondent ) loade dbaggag e o n aflight whic h wa s no i properl y documente da s require dby th e carrier' s operation s specifications

. A s aresult , Responden t

operate dth e aircraf

t when th e tota l weight

o f th e aircraf

t wa s not properl y compute d an dth e loadtnauifes t

wa s incorrect

. Non e o f

th e toateiia l fects i n thi s cas e ar e disputed

. Procedura l Backgroun d OnJtra e 16,201) , th e Administrato r issue dth e Complain t

i n thi s case . O n Jul y 15,2011 , Responden t

answere dth e Complaint , admittin g t o al l th e relevan t fact s i n th e cas e -wit

h tl^ e

Motio n fi>rOeeijHo n SVyWes t Airlines-FA A Cas e No
. 20JONM060Q10 , DM S No , FAA-21Ml-04« 6 Pag e 1 oft 4 JBFFBB Y M , HAUPBEI
. FA A ATTORNEI

TEL : (425 ) 227-21«l ; FAX : (425 ) 227.100 711/01/201 1 1G:0 9 FA X 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 202493514 2 425227100 ? FA A * DM S

ANM 7 121003/03 7 PAG E 33/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 I S 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 9 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 S 3 S 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5

* 6 4 7 4 6 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 exceptio n o f

allegatio n numbe r

13. ' O n October

11 , 2 0 U , Responden t

file da n Amende d Answer , whic h agai n admitte dal l relevan t fact s excep t

number 13
. I n th e Amende dAnswer , Responden t

raise danumbe r

o f aJBSnnativ

e defenses , whic h fall int o tw o categories ; 1 ) allegation s th e sanctio n i s excessive , an d2 ) allegation s Responden t ha s don e everythin g possible , Statemen t o f Fact s On Novembe r

17,2010 , Respondent' s personne l a t Denve r Inteinationa l Airport , Colorad o loade dthre e "heavy " bags ^ onto N702SK , whic h was the n operate da s FUgh t 657 3 boun dfo r Yamp aValle y Airport , Colorado

. Complain t 1.10,11,1 2 an dFirs t

Amende dAnswer II. l 0,11,12
. Th e Carg o Loa dRepor t (CLR ) for

th e flight only reflect s on e "heavy " ba g rather tha n th e thre e actuall y loade don th e aircraft

. Complaintll l andFirs t Amende dAnswer

II.ll

. Responden t

i s aPar t 11 9 certificate holde r

an dconduct s it s operation s unde i Par t 121
. Complain t

I. l an dFirs t

Amende dAnswer

II
. 1
. Respondent

i s authorize dt o us e N702SK , a Bombardie r

CL-600-2C1 0 aircraft , i n it s operations

. Complaint L 2 an dFirs t

Amende dAnswer II.2
. Respotident' s Operation s Specification s requir e that Respondent' s aircraf

t b e loade di n accordanc e with Standan

dPractic e 410 0 (W& B Manual)

. Complain t 1.3 an dFirs t

Amende d Answe r II.3
. Tha t manual require s th e loadin g agen t t o enter th e number

o f standardchecke dand heav y checke dbag s ont

o th e CLRfo r

th e flight Complaint

L6,1. 8 an dFirs t

Amende dAnswer II. 6 an dII.8
. Heav y bag s are thos e tha t weig h betwee n 5 0 an d100 pounds

. Complaint L 5 an d Firs t Amende dAnswe r

11,5

. Proper

loadin g o f

a n aircraf t i s critical t o flight

safety , a s recognize d i n th e W& B Manual whic h states :

^WARNING
- INACCURAT E LOADING , REPORTING , O R FAILUR E T O REPOR T INFORMATIO N COUL D CAUS E ISSUE S WIT H AIRCRAF T PERFORMANC E AN D HANDLING , RESULTIN G I N TH E ENDANGERMEN T O F HUMA N LIFE

. Complain t

1. 9 an dFirs t

Amende dAnswe r

11.9 , Non e o f thes e fact s ar e dispute dby Respondent

.

' Responden

t answere dparagrap h 1 3 b y stalin g i t wa s withou t sufScien t mfoimatio n o r knowledg e t o fbi ma . belie f a s t o th e trut b o f th e allegation , an dtherefor e denJe dit

. ' A "heav y bag " i s define da s an y bu g wejghijjgmor e tha n 5 0 pomds , bu t 1M S tha n 10 0 pounds

. Answe r JI.5

. Motio n fo rDeciso n SkyWes i Airline s - FA A Cas e X o . 3010NM06( M 10 , DM S No
. FAA-20 1 1-048 6 Paee2on 4 JBFTKE Y M
. HARPER
. FA A ATTORNE Y TEL : (4.23)237-2161 ; FAX ; (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:0 9 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A * DM S

flNM7 21004/03 7 PAG E 04/3 6

1 2

• 3 4 5 e 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 l e 1 7 I B 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 € 3 7 3 6 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 S 4 6 4 7 4 6 4 9 S O 5 1 5 2 5 3 Respondent' s W& B Manual state s that loadmanifest s ar e generate dusin g th e dat afrom th e CLR
. Exhibi t

1 , Sk y Wes t W& B Manual , LoadManifes t Procedures

. Th e loa dmanifes t i n thi s cas e reflect s atota

l carg o weight

tha t i s identical t o th e incorrectl y calculate dwdgh t liste d o n th e CL Rfor th e flight. Exhibi t

2 , CL Ran dLoadManifes t

fo r Fligh t 6573

. The FA A allege s tha t

a s aresult , Respondent

operate daflight

withou t a n accurate loa

d manifest , whe n th e total weight o f th e aircraf

t wa s no t calculate dunder

approve dprocedures , and th e aircraf t wa s no t loade daccordin g t o a

n approve dschedule

. 1 4 C.F.R
. § § 121.693(a) , (c) , an d (d)

. A s aconsequenc e o f

thes e violations , Respondent operate da

n aircraf t i n violatio n o f

it s operBtion s specification s an doperate da s adirec t ai r carrie r i n violatio n o f

it s operation s specifications

. 1 4 C.RR
. § § 119.5(B ) an d(1)
. Tw o Order s Assessin g Civi l Penalt y (Orders ) wer e serve dt o th e Responden t befor e th e event s addresse di n thi s case, ^ Thos e Order s involve dsubstantiall y simila r facts , i.e. , improperl y documentin g baggag e an dothe r carg o carrie daboar

dPar t 12 1 flights conducte db y Respondent" * Responden t

ha s operatin g revenue s i n exces s o f $10 0 million, * I t

employ s mor e tha

n 1,50 0 employees. ^ I t

ha s th e financial abilit

y t o pa y th e penalt

y propose di n thi s case. ^ Argumen t /
. Standar dfo r

Decisio n "Th e administrativ e law judg e shall gran t aparty' s motio n fo

r decisio n i f

th e pleadings , depositions , answer s t o interrogatories , admissions , matter s that th e administrativ e law judg e ha s officially notice d

.. . sho w that ther e i s n o genuin e issu e o f materia l feet

an dthat th e part y makin g th e motio n i s entitle dt o adecisio n a s amatter o f law

. Th e part

y makin g th e motion

. - . ha s th e burde n of showin g that

ther e i s n o genuin e issu e o f material feet

dispute db y th e parties. " 1 4 C.F.R § 13.218(f)(5)

.

^ Exhibi t 3 , Order s Assessin g Civi l Penalty ; Respons e 1 0 Complainant' s Initia l Discover y Request , Reques t fo r Admissio n 'Kos
. 9 an d10
.

^ Exhibi t 4 , Airlin e Quarterl y Fbancia l Revie w (3r dQuarte r 2D10) , pag e 27; ^ Exhibi t 5 , S)?yWes t

Airlines ' 201 0 Annua l Report , pag e 101; ' Respons e t o Complaiaani' s Initia l Discover y Request , Reques t fo r Admissio n No
. 1
. 'Exhibi t 5 , pag e 17 ; Respons e t o Complainant' s Initia l Discover y Request , Reques t fo r Adnissio n No
. 2
. Respons e t o Complainant' s Initia l DSscpver y Requesrt , Reques t fo r Admissio n No
. 3
. Mfttio n fo rDecisio n Sky Wes t Airline s - FA A Cas e No
. 201ONM060010 , DM S No
. FAA-2 0 1 J -0i? 6 Pag e 3 of 1 4 ffiFFREY M
. HAXreH
. FA A ATTQRNE Y TEL ; (425)227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16;0 9 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + DM S ANM 7 1005/03 7 PAG E 05/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 e 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 I S 1 « 1 7 1 6 1 9 3 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 6 3 ? 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 S O 5 1 S 2 5 3 2 . Merit s

Responden t

ha s admitte dall th e material fects allege di n th e Complaint

. Respondent' s personne l loade dthre e "heav y bags " int o th e aircraf t at Denve r International Airport , Only on e o f thos e bag s wa s documente do n th e CLRfor th e flight, contrar

y t o th e requirement s o f

th e Respondent' s W& B Manual , a s incorporate dinto Respondent' s operation s specification s b y reference , an dth e requirement s o f 1 4 C,F.R
. § 121.693
. A s aconsequence , th e aircraf t was operate di n violatio n o f

Respondent' s operation s specification s with a n inaccurat e loa dmanifes t an datotal weigh t

tha t wa s iijaccurate becaus e i t

wa s no t calculate dusin g approve dprocedures

. Th e only substantiv e fac t

denie di s whether

a n FA A inspecto r

observe dthre e bag s bein g unloade dfromFligh t

657 3 followin g it s arriva

l at Yamp aValle y Airport

. Complain t 11.13
. A s Responden t

admit s Paragrap h n. l 1 o f th e Complaint

— allegin g th e loadin g o f

thre e "heavy " bag s bu t documentin g only on e o f

the m—th e allegatio n founda i Paragrap h 11.1 3 o f th e Complain t

i s no t require dt o establis h that

Respondent

in^roperl y loade dan doperate dftie aircraf t i n violatio n o f

th e Federal Aviatio n Regulation s (FAR ) an dit s operation s specifications

. a . 1 4 C.F.R
. § 119.5(g ) Ilii s FA Rprohibit s aperso n fromoperatin g a s a n ai r carrier i n violatio n o f

it s operation s specifications

. Respondent admit s that

i t operate s a s an ai r

carrier

. Answe r

11.1
. It admit s tha t

it s W& B Manua

l i s incorporate db y referenc e int o it s operation s specifications

. Answe r II.3
. Th e W& B Manual , i n turn , require s th e number o f standardchecke dan dheav y checke dbag s b e entere do n th e CLF

- Answer IL 6 an dII.8
. Fligh t

657 3 too k

plac e on Novembe r

1 7 with tht« e heav y bag s on . board

- onl y on e of-wdiic h wa s entere do n th e CLR
. A s Responden t

operate da s a

n air carrier i n violatio n o f

it s operation s specificatio n requirin g th e nianbe r o f "heavy " bag s t o b e note do n th e CLR , aviolatio n o f sectio n 119.5(g ) i s established , b

. 1 4 C.F.R § 119.5(1 ) Sectio n 119.5(1 ) prohibit s aperso n fromoperatin g an aircraf t unde r Part 12 1 i n violatio n o f

operation s specifications

. A s discusse di n paragrap h aabove

. Responden t operate di n violatio n o f

it s operation s specifications

. The aircraf t i n questio n was operate dunde r Par t 12 1 a s Fligh t 6573

. Answer

11.1 0 an d12
. On aplai n readin g o f Sectio n 119.5(1) , Respondent' s operation s specifications , an dth e admitte dfacts , Respondent violate dSectio n 119.5(1)

.

Motio n fo r

Decisio A SJeyWes i Airline s - FA A Cas e No
. Z010NM060010 , DMS-Mo
. FA\.20n-OA M Plage4o f

1 4 JEFTRE Y M HAKPER , FA > ATTCHiK£ V TEL : (425)227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-J00 711/01/201 1 16:0 9 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 d 425227100 7 FA A + DM S ANM 7 @|006/03 7 PAG E 06/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 I B 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 a 3 d 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 B 4 9 5 0 5 1 & 2 5 3 c . 1 4 C.F.R
. §121.69 3

Sectio n 121.69 3 require s that th e loa dmanifes t

contai n th e weight

o f th e aircraft , ftiel an doil , carg o an dbaggage , passenger s an dcrewmembers , a s compute dunde r approve d procedures , 1 4 C.F,R
. § § 121-693(a ) an d(c)
. Additionally , aproperl y calculate dweigh t i s require dt o sho w th e aircraf t i s loade dsuc h tha t

th e center

o f gravit y i s withi n approve dlimits

. 1 4 C.F.R § 121.693(d) ,

Approve dprocedure s wer e not use dt o complete th e CLR
. Answ w II. 6 an dE.8
. Th e dat afromth e incorrectl y complete dCLRwa s use dt o generate th e loadmanifes L Exhibi t 2
. A s aresult , th e loa dmanifes t di dnot reflec t th e tota l weight

o f th e aircraft , a s compute d accordin g t o approve dprocedures , an dth e loadmanifes t coul dnot ensure th e tdir^rall' ' s center o f gravity wa s wjthj n approve dlimits , d

- Merit s - Conclusio n Respondent

ha s admitte dal l o f

th e material facts ; ther e i s n o dispute regardin g them , an dth e Admimstrato r i s entitle dt o adecisio n a s amatter o f law

. 5

. Sanctio n Contrar y t o respondent' s asserte daffirmativ e defense , th e sanctio n sough t i n thi s cas e i s neithe r "excessive " no r

doe s i t violate FAA policy , a . Standard Under 4 9 U.S.C
. § 46301(a)(1) , " aperso n i s Habl e t o th e Unite dState s Governmen t

fo r acivi l penalt

y o f not mor e tha n $25,00 0 for

violating..

. (B ) aregulatio n prescribe dor

order issue dunder

an y provisio n to whic h claus e (A ) o f thi s paragrap h applies, " Th e authorit

y for issuin g Part s .11 9 an d12 1 o f Titl e 14 , Cod e o f

Federal Regulatio n include s 4 9 U.S.C
. Chapter s 401 , 441 , an d447 , all o f whic h ar e covere db y claus e (A)
. 4 9 U.S.C
. § 46301(a)(1)(A) , 1 4 C.F.R
. Part s 11 9 and12 1 (Preamble) ,

I n determinin g a

n appropriate civi l penalty , th e Administrato r consider s avariet

y o f factors : 1 ) Th e nature an dcircumstance s o f th e violation , 2 ) Th e extent

an dgravit

y o f th e violation , 3 ) Th e person's degre e o f culpability , 4 ) Th e person' s history o f prio r violations , Motio n fo r

Decisio n SfcyWes l Airlines-FA A CaieNo

. 2010NM060010 , DM S No
. FAA'20 t

1-04S 6 P»ge5Dfl 4 JBKEKEyM
. HARPER , .FAAAnORNE

y TEL ; (425 ) 227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 1 6

il/kJi/l^Ul l

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 A S 4 6 4 7 •4 a 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 1 0 FA

X 13 : 5 4 202493514 2

425227100 7 FA A * DM S ANM 7 21007/03 7 PAG E 07/3 6

5 ) Th e person' s abilit y t o pay th e civi l penalty , 6 ) Th e effect

o n th e person' s abilit

y t o sta y i n business , an d 7 ) Otiie

r matter s a s justic e ma

y require

. I n th e Matte r

ofWarhela w ' s Air

Ventures , Inc. , FA A Order No
. 2000- 3 a t

16-1 7 n . 2 2 an d2 1 (Februar y 3,2000)
. Th e Administrato r

ha s th e burdea

i o f justiiyin g th e amount

o f civ U penalt y sought

. 1 4 CF.R
. § 13,224(a) ; In th e Matte r o f Luxemburg^ FA A Order

1994-1 8 (Jun e 22,1994 ) a t 4
. T o guid e th e FAA' s prosecutorial discretion , th e FA A ha s promulgate dpenalty guidelines , whic h ar e foun di

n FA A Order

2150.3 B Chapter

7 ai\dAppendi x B date dOctober 1,200 7 (Sanctio n Guidance)

. Th e Sanctio n Guidanc e contain s table s tha t establis h specifi c penalt

y range s for different type s o f violations. * Th e startin g poin t for asanctio n determinatio n i s th e tniddl e o f th e sanctio n range . Sanctio n Guidance , Appendi x B , Paragrap h 3.c
. Th e Complainaut' s sanctio n determinatio n doe s not , however , reflec t afixedmathematical computation ; in

. additio n to th e publishe dpenalty ranges , i t take s int o account

thirtee n factor s se t

fort h i n Chapter

7 , paragrap h 4 o f th e sanctio n guidance , whic h addres s th e issue s se t fort h i n Warhzloyi ? Thes e factor s are use dt o adjus t th e sat>ction upwardo r

downwardfix>mtl\ e middl e o f th e recommende drange . Th e FA A Order reflect s th e Administrator' s general view s abou t appropriate civi l penalties ; civi l penaltie s mus t reflec t th e totality o f

th e circumstance s surroundixi g th e violations

. FoJso m' s Ai r

Service

. Inc. , FA A Order

No
. 2008-1 1 (November

6,200S) , Th e weight

t o b e give n to eac h o f

thes e factor s i s withi n th e discretio n o f th e Complainant ; "th e Complainant maintain s relativ e prosecutorial discretio n i n determinin g th e case' s final aggregate weight i n proposin g th e leve l o f

civi l petwlty. " I n the Matte r o f Willia mA
. Luier , Jr. , FAA Docket No
.

' Sanctio n Guidance , Appendi x B
. ' ' Thos e &6tOT

S are ; a . Natur e o f

tihc violation ; b

. Wtethe r

th e violatio n wa s inadvertcu t an dno t delJbcrau ; c . Th e cMtifkat e holder' s leve l o f experience ; d

. Th e attitud e o f

th e violator ; e . Th e degre e o f

hazard ; f

. Whethe r

ther e wa s actio n take n 1^ ' th e emplo^fe r o r othe r ooifaority agalUj t

tb e employe e tha t

coiomitco dth e violadon(s) ;

Motio n for

Decisio n SJcyWesi Airtipe s - FA A Cas e No
. 2010NW060010
. DM S No , FAA-20 1 )-04 M Pag e 6 o f 1 4 g . Us e o f th e certificate ; h

. Violatio n history ; i

. Dccisioma l )x» ; j

. Abilit y t o absor b th e sanction ; k

. Consistenc y o f

Sanction ; L whethe r

th e violatio n wa s reporw d'voluntarily ; an d m . Correctiv e Action

.

iKfFHEvM

. HAMa«,FAAATroRME r TEt, : (425 ) 227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:1 0 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A * DM S ANM 7 21008/03 7 PAG E 08/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 I S 1 6 1 7 I B 1 3 2 0 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 y.' i 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 34 3 5 3 C 3 7 3 B 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 6 4 5 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 CP09SW000g , 201 0 W L 198943 0 (Ma

y 13 , 2010 ) (Orde

r o f Chie f Judg e Yode

r Grantin g Complainant' s Motio n for Summar y Judgment)

. Althoug h aDepartmen t o f Transportatio n Administrativ e La w Judg e i s no t statutoril y boun dt o follo w th e Administrator' s guidance , "[a] n administrativ e agenc y i s entitle dt o substantia l deferenc e i n assessin g th e civi l penalt y appropriate fo r aviolatio n o f

it s regulations

. Th e Administrator' s choic e o f asanctio n i s no t

t o b e overturne d unles s i t \ s unwarrante di n la w o r

withou t justificatio n i n feet." N

L Industries , Inc
. v . Dept
. o f Transportation , 90 1 F.2 d141,14 4 (D.C
. Cir

. 1990)
. Further , th e Administrato r ha s th e ability t o impos e th e FAA' s sanctio n polic y o n appea l i f th e assesse dcivi l penalty i s no t consisten t

with th e policy

. I n th e matte r ofWarbeloyv ' s Ai r Ventures , Inc. , FA A Order No
. 2000- 3 (Februar

y 3,2000 ) a

t 20 ; I n th e matte r

o f Northwes t Airlin&s , FAA Orde r

No
. 1990-3 7 CMovembe

r 7,1990 ) at

8-9
. b

. AiJirmativ e Defense s Responden t

raise s seve n affiimativ e defenses : 1
. Th e sanctio n sought

i s unwarranted

. 2
. Th e cas e i s unwaxrartted , 3
. Aircraf

t performanc e wa s no t

actuall y affectedb y th e errant

weight and balanc e informatio n 4
. Responden t

ha s take n subsequent remedial measures . 5

. Th e averag e weigh t program , b y it s nature , permit s us e o f

weight an d balanc e intbmiatio n a

t odd s with th e actua l weight o f th e aircraft

. 6
. Respondent' s action s were a n hones t mistake

. 7
. Respondent

ha s take n al l actio n require dt o preven t

fijtnre weight

and balanc e issues

. Th e first tw o defense s are virithou

t meri t A s discusse dabove , th e cas e i s warranted ; eve n Responden t admit s th e violation s occurred

. A s discusse dbelo w th e sanctio n i s appropriate , a s i t

comport s wi^Th c Administrator' s polic y o n sanctio n —an dan y deviation s hav e been , t o Respondent' s benefil

.

Th e thir dan dfift

h defense s amount

t o a''n o harm , n o foul " exculpator y theory

. Thes e defense s ar e als o meiitiess

. Th e Administrato r doe s no t alleg e tha t

som e actua l har

m occurre da s aresul t

o f Respondent' s actions , o r

that th e operatin g limitation s o f th e aircraf

t wer e actuall y exceeded

. Th e absenc e o f an actua l impac t o f safet y i s merel y "fortuitous, " hadactua l har moccurred , that

woul dhav e bee n a

n aggravatin g factor

- FA A Order

2150.3B , Chi5>te

r 7 ,
Motio n fo r

Decisio n SkyWes t Airlines-FA A CwcNo
. 2010NMO60O1O , DM S No
. FAA-20 1 l-04g 6 P«BB7ofl 4 JEFFRE Y M
. ?1AHPEK, FA A ATTORJUE Y TEL ; (425 ) 227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-IO0 711/01/201 1 16:1 0 FA X 202493514 2

11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + QM S

ANM 7 0009/03 7 PAG E 09/3 6

1 2 3 4 5
7 a 9 l a 1 1 1 2 1 3 14 1 5 I S 1 7 I B I S 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 B 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 •4 1 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 S 4 6 4 7 4 6 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 Paragrap h 4.e.l;' ° /n th e Matte r ofStebbinsAviationr

Inc. , FA A Order

No
. 2006- 3 a t

5 , 200 6 W

L 465373 ; I n th e Matte r

o f Aer o National , Inc. , FA A Order No
. 2000-2 6 a

t 4 , 200 0 W

L 1874245 ; C f FA A v . Tea s Arm

y Nationa l Guard , 201 1 W L 2001S2 9 a t 4 ; FA A v . Federa l Expr&ss , Inc. , 201 1 WL 120609 0 at

7 (absenc e o f

actual har mi n HAZMA T proceeding s i s fortuitous , no t exculpatory)

. Advisor

y Circula r 120-27 E provide s awa

y fo r a n air carrier' s t o us e averag e weight s i n th e air

carrier' s W& B program . However , i n order to us e averag e weights , an "operato r mus t b e vigilan t

t o ensure tha t

th e weigh t

andbalanc e contro l programreflect s th e reality o f aircraf t loading."' ' Applyin g that requiremen t

t o thi s case , a

n operato r mus t make sure th e weigh t

an dbalanc e o f

th e aircraf

t i s calculate dusin g th e actua l numbe r o f bag s loade dont o th e aircraft

. Additionally , for medium-cabi n aircraft , a s here , th e AC120-27 E consider s weigh t variation s a s smal l a s five pound s a s bein g significant enoug h t o b e documcnted,^^ T o us e averag e weights , a n operato r mus t develo p aloadin g schedul e tha t i s typicall y more restrictiv e tha n th e manufacturer s limit s —becaus e i t mus t account for variation s i n weight

an dbalance.^^ Th e loadin g schedul e i s th e "metho dfor,

- documentin g aircraf t weigh t an dbalance.. , t o ensur e tiie aircraf t wil l remai n withi n al l require dweigh t an dbalanc e limitations.

. ."' ^ Withou t a n accurat e baggag e count , thi s insuranc e i s lost

. I n sum , whil e AC120-27 E may allo w th e us e o f averag e weights , i t

assume s tha

t th e baggag e coun t

i s accurate —whic h simpl y di dno t occur in thi s case . Th e fourth , sixth , an dsevent h defense s asserte dar e irrelevan t Respondent

doe s no t "ge t apass " simply becaus e th e regulation s prov e difiSailt t o compl y wit

h o r Respondent believe s i t

ha s don e everythin g possibl e t o ensure compliance

. Complianc e wit h th e FAR s i s mandatory , no t

precatory
. FA R119.5(g ) doe s no t rea d"Al l person s shoul dtr y tiieir bes t t o operat e a s adirec t

ai r earne r o r commercia

l operato r i n complianc e with appropriat e operation s specifications. " I t

strain s credulit

y tha t Responden t

appear s t o believ e th e inability o f thei r persoTuje ) t o accuratel y count , askil l mastere db y mos t i n Kindergarten , i s s o difficult tha t they can d o n o more t o ensure complianc e wid i thei r approved , weight

an dbalanc e program . Responden t

asserte thei r

action s hav e show n "adequat e complianc e levels " an dthat all step s hav e

1 0 "An di t ano t midgaiin g -vi^he n ariolation doc

s no t resul t i n actua l hann ; tha t i s simpl y fomiiious.' ^ ^' AC120-27E

, Piragrap h 4.b

. '*AC120-27E

, Paragrap h 10 1 (Tabl e M ) " AC120-27B , Paragrap

h 10 5

. b '*AC120-27E

, Appendi x I , Paragrap

h 12
. Motio n fo r Decisio n SkyWes t Airline s - FA A Cas e No , 2010NM060010 , DM S No
. FAA-2011^048 6 Pose ? o f M JEFFRE Y M
. HARPER , FA A ArtasaJB Y TEL : (425 ) 227-21^1 ; FAX ; («5 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:1 0 FA X 202493514 2 ll/Bl/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A • > DM S ANM 7 iaOIO/03 7 PAG E 10/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 € 7 8 S 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 I S 1 6 1 7 1 0 1 3 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 S 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 bee n take n t o "avoi drepeate dmishaps. " Th e onl y acceptabl e adequate complianc e leve l i s 100 %

—Responden t

fel l shor t o f that standardhere

. c . Multiplicit

y Complainant

ha s charge dresponden t

with violatin g 1 4 C.F.R
. § § 119.5(g) , 119.5(1) , 121.693(a) , 121,693(c) , an d121.693(d)

. Complainant concedes , however , tha

t th e concep t o f multiplicit

y limit s th e number

o f thos e violation s whic h ma y b e considere di n determinin g a

n appiopriato sanction

. Thi s cas e involve s at leas t tw o separat e violations

. Th e tes t i s "whethe r

eac h [violation ] require s proo f o f afact whic h th e other

doe s not. " Bal l v . U.S. , 47 0 U.S
. 856,86 1 (1985) ; Blockbvrger v . C/.^. , 28 4 U.S
. 299 , 30 4 (1932) ; I n th e Matte r o f Jame s Walsh , 200 8 W

L 92662 0 at

9 (Marc h 31,2008) ; In th e Matte r ofFolso m' s Ai r

Service , Inc. , 200 6 W L 1 3 ] 697 0 a

t 1 1 (Ma y 3,2006 ) (statin g tha

t on e violatio n tha t

incorporate s th e other s may no t b e considere da s aseparate violatio n for determinin g th e amount

o f th e sanction)

. Section s 119.5(g ) an d119.5(1 ) ar e separate violations , a s eac h require s proo f o f a fac t th e other doe s not
. Sectio n 119.5(g ) provide s that "[n] o perso n ma

y operat e a s adirec t

air carrie r or a s acommercia

l operato r without , o r

i n violatio n of

, a n appropriate certificate and appropriat e operation s specifications

- •. " Sectio n 119.5(1 ) state s "[n] o perso n ma y operate a

n aircraf t unde r thi s part
. Par

t 12 1 ofthi s chapter , or

Par t 13 5 o f thi s chapter

i n violatio n o f

a n ai r carrie r operatin g certi.ficate , operatin g certificate , o r appropriate operation s specifications... "
Element s N o Perso n ma

y Operate a s adirec t

ai r earne r / commercial operato r Operate a n aircraf t unde r 119,121 , o r

13 5 Withou t o r i n violatio n o f

acertificate an doperation s specification s In violatio n of

air carrier operatin g certificate , operatin g certificate , o r

appropriate op s spec s 

### n 9.5(g ) X X
X il9.5G ) 

### X X

X Th e critical distinctio n i s tiiat 119.5(g ) regulate s opeiHtion s a s a n COT

- carrier ; 119.5(1 ) regulate s th e operatio n o f

a n aircraft. Thus , unde r

th e Blockburger

test , ] 4 C.F.R
. § § 119.5(g ) an d119.5(1 ) arc considere dseparate violation s for sanctio n purposes . Thi s cas e therefore , fo r sanctio n purposes .
I^ilotio n fo r Decisio n SVyWes t Airlines-FA A Cas e Ho
. 2010MMl)60O10

. DM S No
. PAA-2 0 J X -048 6 Pag e 9 o f 1 4 JEFFRE Y M
. HARTER , FA A ATT0R>re Y TBL ; (425)227-2161 ; FAX

- (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:1 0 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A * DM S

ANM 7 21011/03 7 PAG E 11/3 6

1 2 . 3 4 5 6 7 a
1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 I S 1 5 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 S 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6
« 7 4 8 4 9 S O 5 1 S 2 5 3 involve s a t

leas t tw o violations , eac h o f

wiiich i s subjec t

t o th e maximu mS25,00 0 civi l penalty

. Th e Administrato r

seek s atotal penalty o f

$33,00 0 —th e equivalen t of $16,50 0 pe r

violation

. d

. Abilit

y t o Absor

b Sanctio n Th e siz e o f

an ai r carrier i s arelevan t

consideratio n i n determinin g th e carrier' s ability t o absor

b asanction ; th e siz e o f

th e carrier

goe s t o tha t

ability

. Sanctio n Guidance , Chapter 7 , Paragrap h 4.j.^ ^ Th e Sanctio n Guidanc e tabi c account s fo r th e si x o f

th e ai r carrier b y establishin g general sanctio n range s fo r differen t size dair carriers

. Sanctio n Guidance , Appendi x B , Par^raip h 3.c.(l)

. Respondent advertise s itsel f

a s "th e world' s larges t

independentiy-owne d regional airline , providin g servic e throughou t Nort h America.^^ Respondent , a s aPart 12 1 ai r carrie r with armua

l operatin g revenu e i n exces s o f S I 0 0 million , i s classifie da s aGrou p 1 air carrier

. I dFo r

(jrou p I ai r

carriers , publishe dsanctio n range s are : Minimu mSanctio n $2,00 0 - $9,99 9 Moderate Sanctio n $10,00 0 - $18,74 9 Maximu mSanctio n SI8,75 0 - $25,00 0 Id

. e . Degre e of

Hazard Th e Sanctio n Guidanc e Tabl e B- 1 i n Appendi x B o f th e sanctio n guidanc e provide s guidelin e civi l penaltie s fo r U.S
. Ai r Carriers , Fo r

"opetBdio n contrar y t o op s specs, " tw o guideline s ar

e given, , on e fo

r violation s amountin g t o "technical noncompliance, " asecond for "likel y potentia l o r

actua l advers e effect

o n saf e operation

. There i s adifferenc e becaus e Chapter 7 , Paragrap h 4. e o f

th e Sanctio n Guidanc e state s tha i th e degre e o f hazardpresente db y a violatio n i s afactor

i n selectin g a

n appropriate sanction

. A discussio n o f

th e aircraf

t performanc e implication s o f imprope r loadin g can b e foun di n th e FAA Weight

&.Balanc e Handbook , FAA-H-8038-1A , Chapter 1 (Exhibi t

6).^ ' Amon g th e potentia l hazard s liste dther e are :

• Excessiv e Structura

l Load s • Degrade dClim b Performanc e

' * Paragrap h 4.j

. reads , i n par t "Tberefore , th e FA A use s tu r canie r siz e a s on e mean s o f

enimin g arelativel y equivalen t

deteiren t

effec t o n eac h ai i canie r

tlia t violate s th e sxm e FA A regulation. "
' * Slo'Wcs t

Airline s Fac t

Shee t a t http://www.9kvwest.coin;me(jjq/SkvWe5t^Airlines-Fact-Sheet.DbD

. las t visite d Augus t 2,2011
. Th e complet e manua l i s publieall y availabl e athttpi/Ayw w fi^a.grtv/Tibtnrv/inannflJfif'flircraft/niedia/ faa-h.S083-laLPdf. laa t

visite dAugus t

3.2011
. Motio n fo r

Decisio n Sk y Wes t Airlines

- FA A Cts e No
. 201ONM060010 , DM S No
. FAA-20 1 1-048 6 PagelOof U JEFTRE Y M
. HACTBR
. FAAATTOKNE Y TEL : (425 ) 227-2161 ; FAX : (423 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:1 1 FA X 202493514 2

11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + DM S

ANM 7 1012/03 7 PAG E 12/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 If i 1 7 I S 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 3 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 6 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 3 4 S 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 Reduce dRang e Highe r takeof f speed s Longe r takeof f distance s Reduce dservic e ceilin g Exceedin g center-of-gravit y limit s Higher landin g speed s Longe r landin g distance s

Th e safet y implication s where aircraf t p^ormanc e i s wors e than expecte dare clear

. Responden t

i s awar e o f th e potential o r

actual advers e effec t

inaccurate aircraf

t loadin g ca

n hav e o n saf

e operation , a s show n b y th e paragrap h fromth e W& B Manual whic h warn s o f th e possibility o f

"th e endangerment

o f human life^* " a s aresul t

o f "issue s with aircraf

t performanc e an dhandling. " Unquestionably , thes e type s o f violation s hav e th e potentia l fo r a n advei^j e effec t on saf e operation , makin g th e secondguidelin e th e appropriate guideline

. Th e sanctio n rang e provide dfor "Operatio n contrary t o op s spec s — likel y potentia l o r

actual advers e effect

o n saf e operation " i s liste da s "Moderat e t o Maximum

. Sanctio n Guidance , Appendi x B , Figur e B-l-c(3)

. Th e middl e ofthi s range , whic h provide s th e startin g poin t for determinin g an appropriate sanction , i s $17,50 0 pe r violation.* ^ Sanctio n Guidance , Appendi x B , Paragrap h 3.c
. f

. Violatio n Histor

y A s describe dabove , Respondent ha s asubstantial violatio n histor y fo r violation s lelatin g t o improperl y loade daircraft

. A histor y o f violation s i s amon g th e fectors examine db y th e Agenc y i n detenninin g whether agive n violatio n shoul db e aggravate do r mitigate dfo

r sanctio n purpose s i s th e Respondent' s violatio n histoiy

. Sanctio n Gmdanoc , Chapter 7 , Paragrap h 4,h , A violatio n histoi y i s considere dt o b e aggravating , partictilarl y where , a s here , th e violation s involv e th e same or simila r regulation s an dar

e factuall y similar

. I da

t Paragrs^ h 4,h.(a) , A shor

t perio do f time betwee n th e violation s i s als o aggravating

. Id

.

" A t leas t on e aircnf t

operate di n Par t

12 1 servic e ha s crashe dresultin g i n los s o f huma n lif

e wher e axrcraf

t loadin g wa s acausa l factor—Ai r Midwes t

Fligh t 5481 , departin g Chrloae/Dottglii s TntcmatioTis l Airpor t o n Januar y 8 , 2003
. NTS B repo n availabl e at : h^tp://\^^ww•nt!^b•^^yy/aviationque^v/^pdex•a5p;lta s NTS B No , DCA03MA022 , las t visite dAugus t

3 , 2011
. ' * Th e boRon i o f

th e moderat e range for aGrou p 1 ai r carrie r i s S i 0,000 , tt e to p o f

th e maximu mrange fo r aGrou p I ai r carrie r i s $25,000 , tti e .middl e o f th e rang e i s foun db y (510,00 0 + S25,000)/ 2 - S17,S00
. Sanctio n Guidance , AppendixB , Parjgrap h 3.c.(l)

. Motio n fo r

Decisio n sk y Wa n Airlines:-FA A Caa e No
. 201CJNMOW010, DM S Ko
. FAA-2011.04« 6 Pag e 1 1 o f

1 4 JfiFFRE v M
. HAWSH , FA

A ATTCWNE

Y TEL : (425)227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:1 1 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + DM S ANM 7 i013/03 7 PAS E 13/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 e 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2fl 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 7 3 3 34 3 5 3 S 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 a 4 9 5 0 5 1 S 2 S 3 Eac h o f th e previoti s Order s addres s violation s stemmin g fromimproperl y documentin g th e carg o an dbaggag e actuall y loade dinto th e aircraf t Althoug h ther e are slight variance s i n th e specifi c regulation s cite di n th e orders , th e gis t wer e violation s o f

1 4 CF.R
. § § 119. 5 an d121.693
. Th e tw o Order s addresse dfou r flights whic h too k

plac e betwee n December 5,200 8 an dMarc h 17.200 9 —on average , on e flight evei y 3 4 days.^ ° Th e repeate d an dongoii ^ natur e o f

th e violation s i s evidenc e that th e sanction s historicall y impose dhav e no t ha dth e desire ddeterren t

effect

. Subsequent

sanction s shoul db e adeterren t t o futur e violations ; a penalty shoul drepresen t

asanctio n greater

than simpl y acos t

o f doin g business

. g . Consistenc y o f

Sanctio n Perversely , th e histoi y i

n thi s cas e ha s actuall y inure dt o respondent' s benefit , despit e it s aggravatin g nature
. Chapter 7 , Paragrap h 4 ± o f

th e Sanctio n Guidanc e state s that consistenc y o f

sanctio n i s on e o f

th e Agency' s goal s i n deierminin g asanction

. Befor e th e event s addresse di n th e cas e occurred , responden t wa s serve dwith tw o Order s Assessin g Civi l Peivaltie s i n case s involvin g violation s o f Sectio n 121.69 3 an dassociate dSectio n 119. 5 violations

. Th e penaltie s actuall y assesse din

. thos e cases , o n ape r violation , pe r

flight basis , are a s follows : Dat e Civi l Penalty , Orde r pe r

Violatiou , Serve dpe r

Fligh t Cas e Numbe r 2009NM06002 3 2009NM06005 0 9/28/^200 9 9/28/200 9 $1666,6 6

S5.00 0 Th e averag e assesse dpenalt y acros s al l thes e case s i s S2>500/violation/fligb t —a scan t fiaction o f

th e lo w en do f

th e Sanctio n Guideline s rang e fo r thes e violations

. Consistenc y wit h thes e pas t

case s i s aprimar

y facto r drivin g th e propose dpenalt y i n thi s cas e belo w th e median o f th e Sanctio n Guidanc e range . h

. Sanction

- Conclusio n Th e Administrator' s requeste dsanctio n i n thi s cas e i s neithe r arbitrar y no r capricious

. I t

i s withi n th e rang e publishe db y th e Administrato r i n th e Sanctio n (juidance

. I n fact , i t I s les s tha n th e middl e o f

that range , whic h i s taken t o b e the startin g poin t o f an y

^ ' Sinc e Marc h 17,2009 , SkyWes t ha s conducte dothe r

flights i n violatio n o f

121.G93
. However , Ih c Order s i n thos e case s wer e no t

issue dunti l aAe

r Novemhe r

17,201 0 (when flic fli|rh

t mquestion ' in th i cas e too k place)

. Chapter

7 , Paragrap h 4Ji(2 ) o f

th e Sanctio n Guidanc e provide s liiai acas e mus t b e finalizedhefbre i t

ca n fe considere da s a violatio n Iiistory

. Thus , thos e flight s wer e no t considere dt o b e aggravatin g i n thi s particular case . Motio n fo r Decisio n SkyWcs t Airline s - FA

A Cas e No , 2010NM060010 , DM S No , FAA-20n-04« S Pag e 1 2 o f 1 4 JEFFRE Y M
. HARPER
. FA

A ATTORNE

V TEL-
. (425 ) 227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:1 1 FA X 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 202493514 2 425227100 7 FA A * DM S

ANM 7 21014/03 7 PAG E 14/3 6

1 2 3 4 5 S 7 S s 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 ^ 1 4 1 5 I S 1 7 l e I S 2 0 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 S 2 7 2 a 2 3 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 6 a s 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 S 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 0 5 1 5 2 S 3 determinatio n o f

sanction

. I t

i s neithe r unwarrante di n la w no r

withou t justificatio n i n fact

. Despit e ampl e aggravatin g evidence , any purporte d"deviation " ftomth e Sanctio n Guideline s inure dt o Respondent' s benefit , i n tide for mo f alower-than-median sanrtion.^ ^ Accordingly , th e Administrativ e La w Judg e shoul ddefe r t o th e Adjninistrator' s selectio n o f sanctio n under

N L Industries , Inc. , 90 1 F.2 da t 144 , an denter

a n Order assessin g th e fiiU $33,00 0 penalty sough t i n th e Complaint

. 

### Exhibit s 1
. Loa dManifes t

Procedures , fromSkyWes t W& B Manual 2
. CL Ran dLoa dManifes t for Fligh t 657 3 o f Novembe r

17,201 0 3
. Order s Assessin g Civi l Penalty 4
. Airlin e Quarterl y Financial Revie w (4ti i Quarter 2010) , pag e 2 7 5

. SkyWes t

AirHne s 201 0 Annual Report , page s 1 7 an d10 1 6
. FA A Weigh t

& Balanc e Handbook , FAA-H-8038-1A , Cliapter 1 , Page s 1 ^ 7
. Advisor

y Circula r 120-27E , Page s ii , 1,5 ; Appendi x 1 , Pag e 1 

### Conclusio n Fo r th e reason s state dabove , th e FA A rcspectftilly request s that thi s Cour t gran t thi s Motio n for

Decision

. There are n o genuin e issue s o f material fact ; tiie sanctio n sought i s appropriat e unde r

th e facts

. I n th e alternative , i f furthe r litigatio n i s warranted , th e pleading s establis h tha t

an y hearin g i n thi s cas e b e limite dto th e sanction , a s all th e substantiv e fact s ofthi s cas e hav e bee n established

.

tftilly submitte dthi s 1 s t

da y o f November , 2011
.
Je^eyM
. Harper F A A Attorne y

" Th e FA A ha s authorit y t o settl e case s belo w thos e propose di n th e Notic e o f Propose dQ"vil Penalty

. ?A A Orde r 2150.3B , Charte r

7 , Paragrap h 3.b , citin g Heckle r v . Cheney , 47 0 U.S
. 821 , 83 1 (1985)

. Motio n forDceisiio n Sk yWes t Airline s - FA A Cas

e N«

. 201ONM060010

. DM S No
. FAA.20 ] 1-048 6 Pag e 1 3 o f

I d JBFfKE Y M
. HARPER
. FA A ATTOHNE V TEL : (A25 ) 227-2261 ; FAX : (425 ) 227- ] 00 711/01/201 1 16:1 1 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7

1 2 i 4 5 S 7 e 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 I S 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 3 3 2 4 a s 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 5 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 e 3 7 3 8 3 d 4 0 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 S 4 £ 4 7 4 B 5 0 5 1 5 2 5 3 FA A + DM S

ANM 7 0015/03 7 FAS E 15/3 6

CERTIFICAT E O FSERVIC E I hereb y cerof

y tha t th e foregoin g Motio n fo r

Decisio n ha s bee n serve dvi afacsimil e an d Certifie dMai l —Retu mReceip t Requeste dthi s date , t o th e following : Th e Honorabl e Richar dC , Goodwi n OfSc e o f Hearings , M-2 0 120 0 New Jersey Avenue , S.E
. Eas t Buildin g Groun dFloor , R mE12-32 0 Washington , D.C
. 2059 0 TEL : (202)366-213 9 FAX : (202 ) 366-753 6 Attn : Hearin g Docke t

Clerk , AGC-43 0 Wilbu r Wright BuUding

- Suite 2W100 0 Federal Aviatio n Administratio n 80 0 Independenc e Ave
. SW , Washington , D C 2059 1 FAX : (202)493-514 2 Tod dEmerson , Esq
. SkyWes t Airline s A M S
. tUve r Road S t George , U T 8479 0 TCL: (435)634-353 0 FAX : (435 ) 634-350 5
Michae l Dworkin , Esq
. Michae l L
. Dworki n andAssociate s 46 5 Californi aStree t Sa n Francisco , C A 9410 4 TEL : (415)421-250 0 FAX : (435)421-256 0 DATE D thi s Is t

da y ofNovember , 2011
.

MOIFAI R(3fl N

Offic e o f Regional Counse l (ANM-7 ) Federal Aviatio n Administratio n 160 1 Lin dAve
. S W Renton , W

A 9805 7 (425)227-216 0

Motio n for

Decisio n SkyWes t AirUuc j - FAA Cas e No
. 2010NM060010 , DM S .No , FAA-201 1 -048 6 Po«el4of U jErraEVM

. HXRTCR , FA A ATTORNE

Y TEL : (425 ) 227-2161 ; FAX : (425 ) 227-100 711/01/201 1 16:1 1 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + DM S ANM 7 @l016/03 7 PAG E IS/3 6

1 f i LI ^

>« « TEMPORAR Y REVISIO N W& B 10- 4 WEIGH T & BALANC E OP S MANUA L S P 410 0 Page ; 1 o f 1 Date : 1 8 OC

T i O

, r^i \:> , ; • LOA D MANIFEST.PRO.CEpURE S

. , r•

• INSER T THI S T R FOLLOWIN G PAG E a- 8 I N CHAPTE R 3 o f th e Weigh t A Balanc e • ^ Operation s Manua l S P 410 0 an d retai n unfr i th e manua l i s revised

. •

• • - -3,.'•\-^' , • . • i •:'• ' ' • 3

. Lo^ d Manifes t (ManUsi l an d ACARS )

.'1 ,

» ..V;;,:
- 

### 1 r

1

' -y .

t'-'f.!^/-:;'•'•: • r:r - <'0": t V , • •;•& , Th e loa d manifes t I s th e doc,umen t tha t correctl yreflect s th e aircraf t loade d weigh t an d include s fuel , passengers , baggage , an d csarg o fo reac h flight. Th e loa d manifes t i s a tvwo-par t manua l for m orACARS-generated

. A ) AGARS-generate d loa d manifest s ar e create d o n CR J aircraf t an d use d whe n availible

. Whe n ACAR S i s no t availabl e (e.g. , EMB ' 12 0 aircraf t ^ o rINO P ACAR S o n CR J aircraft} , a manua l loa d manifes t mus t b e oompleted , ACARS-generate d loa d manifest s ar e input , transmitted , acceFpted

. an d
' acknowledged.b yth e PIC ; -, , . , •!- ' 1 ) Th e PI C mus t c^rr ya printe d cop yoflh e ACAR S Loa d Manifes t t o th e destinatjoh. ' ^^ ' '" ' J f : h i
a )


### 2 5 i f th e ACAR S printe ri s .inoperative , th e PI C mus t fransferth e

Ipformatio n o n t o a Marwa l LoiJ-i^flanifesi t an d can yt o th e •destination,'

. 1

C
. Th e fligh t dec k crewmembe ruse s ttj e informatiD n fro m th e CL R t o construct'th e ACAR S loa d manifes t y.! ; • , Manua l manifest s ar e complete d b yth ^ fligh t dec k

cre w an d signe d b yth e PIC

.

??, 

# s n
.s : , ,

V1 \ Th e origina l loa d manifes t i s retumed^tdth e C S groun d operation s agen t an d th e cop ycanne d t o th e destiT»at|oi i b yth e PIC

. Th e flight deck'Crewmembe ruse s the

. Informatio n fro m f] i CL R t o construc t th e manua l loa d manifest ' •.'..."'

. D.^^An ychang e t o th e aircraf t loa d configuration, , onc e th e load/manifes t ha s bee n '..- d completed , i s a t (h e discretio n an d approval^o f thePIC , Th e PI C I s responsibl e ,;;i ; forj-evlsin g th e loa d manifes t an d notifyin g Statio n Operajtion^.o f ^n ychange s •.'"•pffb rt o leavin g th e ram p area . t

. !' • ' E.;' ' Th e PI C mus t initializ e th e ACARS-generate d loa d manifestio rsig n Ih e ^ ~manua l loa d manifest.

. R Whe n a n erro ri s mad e o n an yfor m use d I n th e Weigh t an d Balanc e Program , • • ^ th e employe e completin g th e for m mus J dra w a singl e lin e throug h th e errxir. , an d writ e th e correctio n (legibly ) nex t t o th a erro ran d Initial

. Th e erro rmus t no t b e obliterated

. G

. Manua l loa d manifest s ar e locate d i n th e aircraf t librar yo ri n th e administratio n offic e o f an ycre w base

. Additiona l supplie s ca n b e ordere d throug h th e statio n ..- i suppl yvendor , ' ••' • - " ^ ^ H

. Loa d manifest s ar e electronicall ystore d fo r9 0 day s i n a databas e maintaine d

, b yth e Informatio n Technolog y(IT ) Department

. • V
.

,V''^' '

•r^^^.'-^- H 'y:'i l

Exhibi t 1n/01/201 1 18:1 1 FA X 202493514 2 li/m/:^ai l 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A - > DM S ANM 7 2)017/03 7 PAG E 17/3 6

Fflflht O 

# CARG O LOA D REPORT "ATCS T

Pat 0 statro n Dees L

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. -. ' /:•'
- • V r .:ii? 2 X I AgwTtLPl^

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### —1 LI.I-.JX-

. JJUI l W"EEIIES?:H* B 

### i«Kist7.T5ss:«B i [Siandar d Checke d Hwv yChecke d -^..,.,..,,,

. iPlarresjci e ValetrServic e (tern s 

### ^. 0 - ' ' ^ ' ' •



### CARGOtVP E :arg o (nfortnatio n Onl y Freigh t (lb. ) Mai l (lb. ) COMAr(fbr)'' ' Ballas t (lb. ) Other (lb. ) 

## "S^S i Tjg g jncwSQ-:.'!:„••: •

Tota l Car9oVifeiaMOi\l y (Buo w wrigh l petinduded L TOTAL ^

:. ^ Adlifts : /

Children^
- Infants: , Circl e A 5 Applicabl e aati y(Mcnenz u HoMlll yA» f >iyie » JwcNNffl d ' * ^ JNS7 > PH O W D FW O FW D FW D AF

T AF T w r AF T AFT

. Otne rIfiinrmdd m

,
/ ' • '

Exhibi t 2n/01/201 1 16:1 2 FA X 202493514 2 ±±/vL^.ivi i id:D 4 425227120 7 FA A • » DM S ANM 7 12018/03 7 PAG E 18/3 6

CRJ70 0 Fligh t Dat e Depar t Destinatio n N-702S K

6S7 3 11/17/1 0 KDE N KHD N

Weigh t an d Balanc e Reques t Downlink :

Additiona l Crew : Tota l Adults : 6 3 Tota l Children ; 0 Infants : 0 Zon»A : 2 0 Zon e B : 1 1 Zon e C : 1 1 2on « D : 1 2 Zon e E ; 1 2 Zon e F ; 7 Forwar d Cargo : 60 0 Af t Cargo : 168 0 Weirh t an d Balanc e Dat a Uplink r

NLinib« rAdults : 6 3 Numbe rChildren : 0 Numbe rInfants : 0 Carg o Weight : 22a 0 ACM: 0 ACAR S MESSAG E TRAFH C AUDIT :

2010-11-1 7 1S;20:28 Z N702Sf r657 3 DE N HD N D-M3 2 Takeof f Manifies t eB,R,6573^EN,25,17R,DRY,0OOO0„,0,^3,0,0,104 1

r AeroDat a Manifes t w& s Reques t Messag e version : B ACAR S Hardware s R11/01/201 1 1G:1 2 FA X 202493514 2 11/81/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A ANM 7 * DM S 21019/03 7

PAG E 19/3 6

Flight : 6S7 3 Origin ; KDE N Runwa y1 : 2 5 Runwa y2 : 17 R Runwa y1 Condition : DR Y win d String : OOOO

O Outsid e Ai rTemp : Altimete r(QNH) : Anti-ic e Code : 0 Additiona l crew : Tota l Adults : 6 3 Tota l Children : 0 infants : 0 Zon e A : 1 0 Zon e B : 1 1 Zon e c : 1 1 zon e D : 1 2 Zon e E : 1 1 zon e F : 7 Forwar dcargo ; 60 0 Af T cargo ; 168 0 Fue l O n Board : S&O

O C»ptAi n ID : 01204 7 *EN D Formatte d Data * 2010.11-1 7 18:20;33 Z N702S K M3 4 DE N HD N U-M3 4 Takeoff/Rer f Dat a 3 6573,1,1320,00000,-1,30.24,63,0,0,2280,0,5800,65 ;

H3S0,38,82.7,B,125A30,137,87,5A122,127,136,665 « H350,3a,a2.7,8,12S,130,137,e7,5,8,122,127,136,665 8
Aerooata
. raieeo f

f oai a Fligh t Mumber : 6S7 3 F i t Releas e Number : 1 Repor t Tini« : 182 0 Win d string : OOOO

O Outsid e A1 rTemp ; - 1 Altinete rCQNH) : 30.2 4 Numbe rAdults ; 6 3 Numbe rChildren : 0 Numbe rinfants : 0 carg o weight : 228 0 ACM ; 0 FXie l O n Board : SftO

O Gros s Takeof f weight : 6527 8 Gros s Takeof f wg t c<5 : 21. 5 Zer o Fue l weight : 5947 8 zer o Fue l weigh t CG : 7,2. 911/01/201 1 18:1 2 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A ANM 7 + DM S 21020/03 7 PAG E 26/3 6 

# o U.S
. Department O f Transportatio n Federa l Avlatioi i Adminlstratio a Offic e o f Regiona l Counse l Northwes t Mountai n Regio n 160 1 Lin dAvenu e S.W
. Colorado

. Idaho , Montana

, Renton , Washingto n 9805 7 Oregon, Utah , Washington, Tel : (425)227-141 7 Wyomin g Fax ; (425 ) 227-100 7

SC0TT,M0KRIS@FAA.<3OV September 28 , 200 9 FA A Cas e No
. 2009NM06002 3 SERVED : REGULA

RandCERTIFffi

D MAI L - RETUR

N RECEIP

T REOXJESTE

D

TO : Mr
. Russel l Child s President SlcyWes t Airline s 444 Sout h Rive r Roa d St
. George , Uta

h 8479 0


### ORDE RASSESSIN G CIVI L PENALT Y O n July 17,2009 , SkyWes

t was advisedthrough aFina l Notic e o f Propose dCivil Penalt

y tha t th e FA A propose dt o asses s acivi l penalt y i n th e amoun

t o f $17,500

. Afte r consideratio n o f

al l th e availabl e information , includin g th e information SkyWest presente d at th e Augus t

19 , 2009 , informa

l conference , i t

ha s been determraedthat : 1 - SkyWes t

Airlines , Inc. , (hereinafte

r SkyWest) , i s no w an dwa s a t al l time s materia

l hereto th e holder o f ScheduledAi r

Canie r Certificat e No
. SWIAOllA , an

dconduct s it s operation s pe

r FA RPar t 121
. 2
. SkyWes t

OperationaSpecificatio n A098 , require s tha t loading b e accomplishe dpe r SkyWest' s Weigji

t & Balanc e Operation s Manua l (W& B Manual) , 3
. SkyWcst' s W«&

B Manua l Par t X H SP4100 , contain s th e loadin g schedtJe s an d instruction s fo

r SkyWest' s Bombardie

r model CL-600-2B1 9 aircraft

. 4
. SkyWes t

W& B Manual , Par

t XII , SP4100 , rev . 5 , chap

. 1 , para . 8.B.2 2 identifie s Heavy Check Bag s a s tha t baggag e tha

t weigh s mor

e tha n 5 0 pound s bu t

les s tha n 10 0 pounds

. 5

. SkyWes t

W& B Manua l Par t XII , SP4100 , rev . 5 , chap

. 2 , para , 2.C
. require s th e loadin g agen t t o mar k on th e CL Rth e weighi o f

standar dchecke dbag s andih e weight o f checke d heavy bags , an

dtha t an y checkedba g tha

t meet s tibe heavy ba g criteri ai s accounte dfo r o n th e Carg o Loa

dRepor t (CLR) a s aheav y bag

.



### Exhibi t 311/01/201 1 1G:1 2 FAX 202493514 2 FA A + DM S

ANM 7 12021/03 7 PAG E 21/3 6

SkyWes t Airlinci

. lao

. 20O9>JMO6O023 Sqptembc r 23,200 9 Page 2 6
. O n December

5 , 2008 , SkyWes t

conducte dflight

665 7 usin s civi l aircraf

t N912SW , a Bombardier , mode

l CL-^00-2B19 , fromChicago , Illinoi s t o Winnipeg , Canada , 7
. Thi s flight

carrie dfive heav y bag s that wer e no t accountedfo r

o n th e CLR, 8
. O n Decembe

r 8 , 2008 , SkyWest

conductedfli^ 665 3 usin g civil aircraf t N958SW , a Bombardie

r mode l CI^600-2B l 9 , fromSal

t Lak e City , Uta

h t o Denver , Colorado

. 9
. Th e flight

referencedin paragraph 8 abov e wa s carrying on e (1 ) heavy bag tha t wa s no t accounte dfo

r o n it s CLR
. 10
.
I L On Decembe

r 9,2008 , SkyWes t

conducte dfligjh

t 587 3 visin

g civi l aircraf

t N713SK , a Bombardie

r model CL-600-2B19 , fromLittl e Rock , Arkansa s t o Denver , Colorado

. Th e fli^ t reference din paxagr^ h 1 0 abov e wa s carrying thre e (3 ) heavy bag s tha t wer e not accounte dfo

r o n it s CLR
. B y reaso n o f

th e foregoing circumstances , SkyWes t violated , on thre e occasions , viol.aledSectio n 119,5(g ) o f

th e Federa

l Aviatio n Regulation s (1 4 CFR) i n that , a s adirec t air caitier , i t operate d i n violatio n o f

a n appropriat

e operation s specification

NOW
. THEREFORE , I T I S ORDERED , pursuant t o 4 9 U.S-C
. Sectio n 46301(a ) an d(d) , tha t SkyWes t b e an dhereb y i s assesse dacivi l penalt y in th e amoun

t o f $10,000

. SkyWes t i s hereb y ordere dt

o pay , immediately , th e assessedamoun t b y mailin g or

deliverin g a certifie dchec k

or mone y orde r i n th e amoun

t o f $10,000 , payabl e t o 'Th e Fedata l Aviatio n Administration, " FAA/MMAC , AMZ-35 0 Wp/NM , P-0
. Bo x 25082 , OklahomaCity , OK 73125

. t n th e alternative , SkyWest ma y pay it s civi l penalt

y wit h acredi t car do r abank accoun t debi t ove r th e Internet
. To pa

y electronically , visi t

th e we b site a t https://www.pav.eov

. Unde r th e Searc h Publi c Form s optio n typ e i n "FNM-FINEl. " Click o n *TA A Civi l Penalt

y Payment s - Northwes t Mountai n Region, " SkyWes t mus t the n complet

e th e requeste dinformatio n an dclic k "Continue. " SkyWes t

wil l then b e directe dt o enter it s credit car do r bank accoun t debi t information

. T o us e th e ban k accoun t debi t SkyWes t will nee dit s bank

routin g number , accotm

t number , an dchec k

number

. Th e amount

o f civi l penalt

y assesse din tiiis Orde

r oonstitute aadeb t

owe dt o th e Unite dStates
. SkyWes t no w exhauste dit s right

to seek revie w o f th e validityo r

amount o f thi s deb t I f thi s deb t i s no t ^ai di n ful l withi n 3 0 day s o f

your receip t ofthi s Order , th e deb t

i s considered delinquent

. Fo r

delinquen t debts

. Federa

l Regulation s [4 9 CF

RSectio n 89.23 ) require s u s to charg e interest , fromth e date of delinquency , at

afixedannua

l rat e o f 6 % along wit

h an adm^strativ e charg e o f

$12.00/month , rq>re5entin g th e cost s o f

administrativ e coUection , Furthermore , i f

th e ful l amoun t assesse di s no t

pai din )[ul l withi n 9 0 day s o f

delinquency , w c ar

c11/01/201 1 16:1 2 FA X 202493514 2 FAA * DM S 0022/03 7

11/01/201 1 13:5 d 425227100 7 ANM 7 PAG E 22/3 6
SkyWes t Airlines , Inc
. 20O9NMO6002 3 Septembe r 28 , 200 9 Pag e 3 require dt o asses s a

n additiona

l penalt y a t a n annua l rate o f 6% , accrum

g fromthe dat

e o f delinquency

. Delinquen

t dsbt s ma y b e reporte dt

o consume r reportin g agencie s o

r commercia

l credi t bureaus , whic h coul dadversely affec t SkyWest' s credi t

rating. Nonpaymen

t ofthi s deb t ma y ultimately resul t

i n referra l to acollectio n agency , th e Jhtcma l Revenu e Service , o r

t o th e Unite dState s Departmen

t o f Justic e fo r enforcedcollection

. Regards , DWIGHT S
. WILLIAMS Regional Counse l

SttE-Moiri s FA A Attorney Enclosure : Signe dSetriemen t Agreemen

t
cc : ToddC
. Emerso n MC/mc11/01/201 1 16:1 2 FA X 202493514 2 n/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227180 7 FA A ANM 7 + DM S 21023/03 7

PAG E 23/3 6 

# t ^ U.S
. Depaitment O f Transportatio n Federa l Aviatio n Adtniaistratto n OCBc e of Regiona l Counse l Northwes t Mountai n Regio n Colorado. , Idaho , Montana

, Oregon, Utah , Washjngtojx

, Wyomin g 160 1 Lan dAvenu e S.W
. Renton , Washington 9805 7 Tel : (425)227-141 7 Fax:(425)227-100 7 SCOrr.MORRlS@FAAGO V September

28 , 200 9 FA A Cas e No
. 2009NM06005 0 SERVED : CERTITE D MAI L - RETUR

N RECEIP

T KBOUESIED TO : Mr
. Russel l Child s President & CO O SkyWes t Airline s 444 Soufl i Rive r Roa d' St
. George , U T 8479 0



### ORDE RASSESSIN G CIVI L PENALT Y On Jun e 29 , 2009 , SkyWest wa s advise dthrough aNotic e o f ProposedCivi l Penalt

y thai th e FA A propose dt

o asses s acivi l penalt

y in th e amoun

t o f $12,000

. Afte r consideratio n of

all th e availabl e information , includin g th e information SkyWes t presente d a t th e Jun e 30 , 2009 , informa l conference , i t

ha s been determine dthat : 1
. SkyWes t

Airlines , Inc
. ("SkyWesf

) i s no w andwa s a

t al l time s materia

l heret o th e holde

r o f Schedule dAir

Carrie r Certifrcat c No , SWIAO

I lA , an dconduct s it s operation s per FA R Par t 121
. 2
. SkyWes t

Operation s Specification D08 5 authorize s SkyWest t o us e civi l aircrai t

N7'i5SK , aBombardie

r CL-600-2C10 , i

n the conduct

of it s Par t 12 1 operations

. 3
. SkyWes t

Operation s Specification A09 8 require s tha t loading be accomplishe dper SkyWes f s Weigh t & Balanc e Operation s Manua l ("W& B Manual")

. 4
. SkyWest' s W& B Manual , S P 4100 , Part Xtl , contain s th e loadin g schedule s an d instruction s for

SlyWest' s Bombardie

r CL-600-2C1 0 aircraft

. 5

. SkyWest' 5 W&B Manual , SP4100 , Par t XTL , Chapte r 1 , para . 8.B.22 , Revisio n 05 , define s Heavy Checke dBag s a s an y ba g weighin g more tha

n 5 0 pounds , but

les s than 10

0 pounds.

. 6
. SkyWest' s W&B Manual , S P 4100 , PartXn , Chapter 5 , para , 9-F,10 , Revisio n 05 , require s th e tota l number o f heav y checke dbag s t

o b e enteredo

n th e Carg o Loa

dRepor t C*CLR")
. 7
. SkyWest' s W&B Manual , S P 4100
. Par t XH , Chapte

r 2 , para . 2.C
. 1 , Revisio n 05 , require s th e loadin g agent

t o mar k on th e CL Rth e weigh

t o f standar dchecke dbag s andth e weigh t o f checke dheav y bags , an

dt o accoun t o n th e CL Ra s aheav y ba g any checke dba g tha t meet s th e heav y bag criteria

.11/01/201 1 16:1 2 FA X 202493514 2 FA A + DM S 21024/03 7 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 ANM 7 PAG E 24/3 6

SkyWes t Airlines , Lie

. Septetnber

28 , 2009 Pag e 2 8
. SkyWest' s W&

B Manual , S P 4100 , Par

t XH , Chapte

r 5

. para . 12.A.2 , Revisio n 05 , require s the loadin g agen

t to ensur e tha t the assignedweight s recorde do n th e CL Raccurately reflect wha t ha s bee n loade don th e aircraft , 9
. On Marc h 17,2009 , a t Chicago O'Hare Internationa l Airpor t (Xhicago") , SkyWes t

loade d passenger s andcheckedbag s onto Fli^ t 637 1 boun dfo

r Aspen-Pitkin County , Sard y Field , Colorado ("Aspen")
. 10
. SkyWest' s personnel i n Chicafi o identifie don e (1 ) heav y checke dbag an dmarke dth e bag wit h aheav y ba g tag , bu t

di dno t accoun t fo r th e heavy ba g o

n th e CL Rfo r Flight 6371
. 11
. SkyWesttKereafte

r operate dFligh

t 637 1 to Aspen , Colorado

. 12
. Upon th e arrival o f

Fligh t 637 1 i u Aspen , Colorado , a

n FA A Aviation Safet

y Inspector conducte da

n inspection

. Th e Inspector sa w th e heavy ba g ta g o n flie heavy bag , but discovere dSkyWest

failedt o accoun t fo r th e heavy ba

g o n ftie CL

Rfo r Fligh t 6371 , B y reaso n o f

th e foregoing circumstances , SkyWest violatedth e following Federa l Aviatio n Regulation s (1 4 CFR) :
a. Sectio n 119.5(g) , in that , as adirec t air carrier , i t operate di n violatio n of

a n appropriat e operation s specification

. b

. Sectio n 119.50) , i n that , i t operateda

n aircraf t under Par t 12 1 in violatio n o f

a n appropriat e oporation s specification

. c . Sectio n 121.693(a

) an d(c) , i n that , it

operate dafliglh

t withou t aloa dmanifes t

tha t accuratel y reflectedth e weight o f th e baggage , an

dwhos e tota l wcigjh

t wa s no t compute dunde r

approvedprocedures

. NOW , THEREFORE , IT I S ORDERED , pursuan t to 49 U.S.C
. Sectio n 46301(a ) an d(d) , tha t SkyWes t b e andhereb y i s assessedacivi l penalt y i n th e amoun

t o f $10,000

. SkyWes t i s hereb y ord«e dto pay , immediately , th e assesse damoun t b y maiUn g o r deliverin g a certifie dchoc k

or money orde

r i n th e amoun

t o f JIO.OOO , payabl e t o "Th e Federa

l Aviatio n Administration, " FAA/MMAC , AMZ-35 0 WP/NM , P.O
. Bo x 25082 , OklahomaCity , OK 73125

. In th e alternative , SkyWes t ma y pa y it s civi l penalt

y wit h acredi t car do r abank account debi t ove r th e Internet
. To pa

y electronically , visi t

th e we b site a t httDS://www.pav.gov

. Unde r th e Searc h Publi c Form s option typ e i n 'TNM-FINEl. " Clic k

o n *TA A Civi l Penalty Payment s - Northwes t Mountai n Region. " SkyWes t mus t then complet

e th e requeste dinfoimatio n andclic k "Continue. " SkyWes t

wil l the n b e directe dt

o ente r it s credi t car do r bank accoun t debit information

. T o us e th e bank accoun t debit SkyWes t will nee dit s ban

k routin g nmnber , accoun

t number , an

dcheck number

.•r* A + DM S @1025/03 T 11/01/201 1 16:1 2 FA X 202493514 2 FA A "'^ ^ .^.-- , ^^^j

. j.o.j ^ u.^o^j!.fivy3

/ ANM 7 PAG E 25/3 6
SkyWes t Airlines , Inc
. September

28 , 200 9 Pag e 3 Th e amoun

t o f civi l penalt

y asses ^ i n thi s Order

constitute s adeb t

owe dt o th e Unite dStales

. SkyWes t now exhaustedit s right

to see k revie w o f th e validit y o r amoun t ofthi s deb t

I f thi s deb t i s no t pai di n M l withi n 3 0 day s o f you r receip t ofthi s Order , th e dd>

t i s considere d delinquent

. Fo r

delinquent

debts

. Federa

l Regulation s [4 9 CF

RSectio n 8923 ) require s u s t o charg e interest , fromth e dat e o f delinquency , at

afixedannua

l rate o f 6 % alon g with a

n administrativ e charg e o f

512.00/monfh , repiresenting th e cost s o f administrativ e collection

. Purthermote , i f

th e ful l amoun t assesse di s no t

pai din ftill withi n 9 0 day s o f delinquency , w c ar

c require dto asses s a

n additiona

l p^alt y a t a n annua l rate of 6% , accruin g fromth e date o f delinquency

. Delinquent

debt s ma y b e reporte dt o consume

r reportin g agencie s o r

commercia

l credi t bureaus , which ooul dadversely affec t SkyWest' s credit

rating

. Nonpaymen

t o f thi s deb t ma y ultimately resul t

i n referra l t o acollectio n agency , th e Ihtema l Rev^u e Service , or

t o th e Unite dState s Departmen

t o f Jtwtice fo r cnjbrcedcollection

. Regards , DWIGH T S
. WILLIAM S Regional Counsel
B y ^-_

_ ((Scott RMorri s FAA Attorne y Enclosure ; Settlement

Asreement

- Signed
cc : ToddC
. Emerso n MC/mc11/01/201 1 1 6 11/01/201 1 1 3 FA

X 13:5 4 202493514 2

425227100 7 FA A + DM S ANM 7 2)026/03 7 PAG E 2&/3 &



### QUARTERL Y FINANCIA L & TRAFFI C REVIE W

SYSTTE M OPERATION S SkyWes t Airline s

. . , .

FTEM S
1 2 3
• 4
5 6 7 8
9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3
1 4 1 5 1 8 1 7
1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1
2 2 2 3
2 4 2 5 FINANCIA L RESULTS : «Mlinons ) Operatin g RBvenue s Operatin g Expensa s Operatin g Profi t (Loss ) N« t Incom e (Loss ) TRAFFIC ; ffiWons) RPM s - Schedule d Svc

. ASM S - Schedule d Svc

. Overal l RTM a (Al l Svc ) Overal l ATM s (Al l Svc. ) YIEL D S UNI T COS T & PROFITS : fCents ) Operatrn g Revenu e pe rRT M Operatin g Expens e pe rRT M Operatin g Profi t (Loss ) pe rRT M Operatin g Expens e pe rAT M Passenge rRevenu e pe rRP M RNAh^ClA L RATIOS : Operatin g Revenue s t o Tota l Investmen t Time s Interes t Earne d Curren t Asset s t o Cuffen t Uabilitle s No

. o f Day s Cas h Coverag e o f Cas h Exp

. FINANCIA L ppRC^NTftgES : Operatin g Profi t (Lo^ ) t o Operatin g Reven u Ne t Incom e t o Stockholder s Equity Corporat e Retur n o n Investmen l Deb t t o Tota l Investmen t PASSENGE R LOA D FACTOR : fSch

. Svc , 7 Actua l Breakeve n EmoloYmen t & Productjvitv ; Employment , Tota l Weighte d Av g C Y Overal l RTM' s pe rEmploye e (000 ) QUAKtf i 2D10/1 2
479. 0 441. 1 37. 9 15. 4
3. 3 4. 1 0. 3 0. 6
146. 5 134, 9 11. 6 79. 3 14.4 5

• * p
7. 9 *
79. 2 75. 1
9.05 2 36, 1 KEkDt O 2668/^ 2
426. 5 394. 0 3 ? 5 13. 1
3. 0 3. S 0, 3 O. S
143. 2 132. 3 10. 9 76. 9 14.0 8

« V

« •

• • 76, 2 73. 9 8,84 6 34. 5 1 2 MONTH S ENDE D I 2010/1 2 1,904. 5 1,759, 8 144. 7 57. 7
13. 3 16, 7 1. 3 2. 3
143. 6 132. 7 10. 8 78. 0 14,1 4
o.e s 2,7 3 2.1 7 112. 6
7. 6 5.0 2

, 5. 0 47. 6
79. 2 74. 3 8,97 8 147. 7 2010/W

1,852, 0 1,712. 7 139. 3 55, 4
13. 0 16. 4 1, 3 2. 2
142. 8 132. 0 10. 7 77, 4 14.0 5
0.8 5 2.6 8 2.2 4 114. 5
7. 5 4.6 5 4, e 48. 1 79. 0 74. 0 8,87 7 146, 1 2010/0 6

1,792, 5 1,S53, 6 133. 0 52. 8
12. 6 16. 0 1, 3 2. 2
141. 8 131. 3 10. 5 77. 0 13.9 5
0.8 4 2.6 8 2,3 0 92. 7
7. 4 4.6 8 4. 9 48. 6
79. 0 74. 5 8,7S 4 144. 2 2010n> 3

1.756. 1 1,618. 9 137. 1 59. 4 12, 2 15. 6 1. 2 2. 1
144. 0 132. 7 11. 2 77. 6 14.1 5
0.8 5 2.9 8 2.2 6 67. 5
7. 8 5.3 2 5, 2 49. 4 78, 7 74. 3 8,70 0 140. 2 2009/1 2

1.731. 3 1,591. 3 140. 0 60. 4
11. 7 15. 0 1. 2 2. 0
147. 7 135. 3 11. 9 78. 8 14.5 3
0.0 7 3.0 6 7? 5 88, 4
8. 1 5.4 6 5. 3 47. 8
78. 1 73. 2 8,71 6 134. 5
2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 Operatin g Revenue s (% ) Operatin g Expanse s (%) Operatin g Profi t (Loss ) (\t \ Million s $ ) Ne t Incom e (Loss)(i n Million s $ ) RPM s (Sch

. Svc ) (%) ASM S (Sch

. Svc. ) (%

) Operatin g Revenue s pe rRT M (%) Operatin g Expens e pe rRT M (% ) Passenge rRevenu e pe rRP M fSch

. 5vc,)( % CHANG E OVE R ObMh-A R 12. 3 11. 9 5, 4 2. 3 9. 7 8. 3 2. 3 2. 0 2. 6 -1, 6

-5. 8 3, 4 -0. 8 13. 2 12. 0 -15. 7 -16, 7 -16, 1 10, 0

10. 6 4, 7 .2. 5 13. 1 11. 6 -2. 8 -2. 3 -2. 7 ABL E PER I

5. 7 6. 0 2. 7 -5. 8 14. 0 12. 5 -7. 3 -7. 0 -7. 4 OOlSMd N

-:i. r -4, 0 1. 3 -7. 2 14. 4 11. 6 -15. 8 -16. 1 -16. 0 Th S EARLIE R

-io. 7 -11. 7 5. 0 -3. 8 10. 9 7. 6 -19. 5 -20. 4 •19. 8 -16. 1

-17. 2 -0. 6 -13. 0 5. 1 2. 6 -20. 1 -21. 2 -20. 4 2 7


### Exhibi t 411/01/201 1 16:1 3 FA X 202493514 2 FA A* DM S 1027/03 7 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227106 7 ANM 7 PAG E 27/3 6

EzprcssJe f

s employe e group s an do n njaJDTajnin g productiv e employe e relations

. Th e integratio n o f BxpfessJe i an dAtlanti c Soiitfaeas t worlcforcc s wil l b e chailcnging

. Completin g th e integrano n o f tli « workforce s o f

th e tw o aiiiine s wil l requir e th e tcaohxdo n o f poteotiall y difficul t

isstie s relatin g t o representatio n o f

variou s work

group s au dth e relativ e seniorit y of Th e work group s a t

eac h canier

. Uneq>ecie ddelay s o r

expense s o r

othe r challenge s t o integratin g th e workforce s coul dimpac t th e anticipate dsynergie s fio mth e eon)bjioa.tion o f Atlanti c Southeas t

an dEzpressJe i an daffec t otu ^ SnaDcda l performance

. A s o f Decembe r

31 , 2010 , SkyWes t

an dSlcyWest

Airline s collecdvcj y cniploye d9,06 7 full-tim e eqiiiwalen t

employee s consistin g o f 4,47 5 pilot s an dflight

attendants , 2,95 6 custome r sexvic t personnel , 1,14 6 mechanic s an dothe r matntcaanc e persoimel , an d49 0 administratio n an dsuppor t personnel

. Non e o f thes e employee s ar c currentl y rcpreseote db y aunion

. W e ar e awjire , however , tha t coHectrv c bargainin g grou p organizatio n efiort s ainon g SkyWes t Airlise$ ' employee s occu r fro mtim e t o tim e an d w e antidpai e tha t

suc h effort s wil l continu e i n th e future

. X f unionizatio n effort s ar e successful , w e may b e subjecte dt o risk s o f

work interruptio n o r

stoppag e and^o r

incu r additiona l expense s associate dwith increase dunio n representatio n o f ou r employees

. Neiibc r

SkyWes t no r StyWes t Airline s ha e eve r experience dawor

k stoppag e du e t o astrik e o r othe r labo r dispute , an dw e conside r SlgfWes t Airlines ' rclailonshtp s wit h it s employee s t o b e good

. GoTOTiinent

Itegnlatio n Al l interstat e ai r

carriers , includin g SkyWes t Airlines , Atlanti c Southeas t an dExpressJet , ar e subjec t t o regulatio n b y th e U.S
. Departmen t o f "^ansportatio n (th e "DOT") , th e U.S
. Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n (th e "FAA" ) an dothe r governmenta l ageodes

. Regulation s promulgate db y th e DO T primaril y relat e t o economi c aspect s o f ai r service

. Th e FA A require s operating , ai r worthineis s an dothe r certificates ; approva l of persotme l wh o may engag e i n flight, maintenanc e o r operatin g activities ; record-keepin g procedure s i n accordanc e with FAA requirements ; an dFAA approva l o f flight trainin g an dretrainin g programs . Generally , governmenta l agencie s enforc e thei r regalation s through , amon g othe r

ways , certifications , whic h ar e necessary fo r th e continue doperation ao f SkyWes t Airlines , Atlanti c Southeas t

an dExprctsJet , an dproceedings , whic h ca n resul t i n dvf l o r crimina l penaltie s o r revocatio n o f

operatin g authority

. Th e FA A ca n als o issu e maintenanc e directive s an dothe r mandatoi y order s relatin g to , amon g othe r things , groundin g o f

aircraft , inspectio n of

aircraft , installatio n o f

ne w safety-relate ditem s an dth e mandatoi y remova l an dreplacemen t o f aircraf t parts
. W e believ e SkyWes t

Airlines , Atlanti c Southeas t an dE^ipreBsJa

t ar c operatin g i n complianc e wit h FA A regulation s an dhol dal l operatin g an dairworthines s certificate s an dlicense s whic h ar e necessary t o conduc t

thei r respectiv e operations

. W e incu r substantia l cwt s i n maintainin g cmien i certification s an dotherwis e complyin g wit h th e lows , rul.e $ au dregulation s t o whic h Slq'Wes t Airiincs , Atlanti c Southeas t an dExpressJe t

ar e subjec t

SkyWes t Airlines' , Atlanti c Southeast' s an dEXprcssJct' s fligh t operations , maintenanc e programs , recor dkeepin g an dtrainin g program s ar e conducte dunde r FAA approve dprocedures

. SkyWes t Airlines , Atlanti c Southeas t an dExpressJe t

d o no t currentl y operat e a t an y airport s wher e landin g slot s ar e restricted

. Al l ai t cazrier s ar e require dt o compl y with federa ] law s an dregulation s pertainin g t o nois e abatemen t

an dengin e emissions

. A H ai r carrier s ar e als o subjec t t o certai n provision s o f

th e Federa l Communication s Ac t

o f 1934 , a s amended , becaus e o f thci i epcteusjv

e us e o f radi o an dothe r communicatio n facilities

. SkyWes t Airlines , Atlanti c Southeas t an dExpressJe t

ar e als o subjec t

t o certai n othe r fedeia i an dstat e law s relatin g t o protectio n of th e environment , labo r

relation s an dequa l employmen t

opportunity

. W e beb'ev e SkyWes t Airiincs , Atlanti c Southeas t an dExpressJe t

ar e i n complianc e i n al l materia l respect s with thes e law s aij dregulations

.

1 7


### Exhibi t 511/01/201 1 16:1 3 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + DM S ANM 7 2)028/03 7 PAG E 28/3 6

SKYWEST , IN C AN

D SUBSIDIARIE S NOTE S T O CONSOUDATE D FINANCIA L STATEMENT S (ConHnvcd ) DECEMBE R31 , 201 0 (13 ) Qnanferi y Fioancia l Dat a(Unandited ) Unaudite dsummarize dfinancial dat ab y quarte r fo r 201 0 an d200 9 i s a s follow s (i n thousands , excep t pe r shar e data) : V» r Ende dD«c«inb« r

3L , »>1 0 Fln i Quarte r Operatin g revenue s (000 ) $632,24 3 Operatin g incom e (000 ) 42,42 1 Ne t iDCoro e (000 ) 15,01 4 Ne t incom e pe r

commo n share : Basi c $ 0,2 7 DUute d0.2 6 Weighte daverag e commo n shares : Basic : 55,85 5 Diluted : 56,86 4
Vfry i Qunt r Operatb g revenue s (000 ) ' $672,64 2 Operatin g incom e (000 ) 40,82 4 Ne t incom e (000 ) 9^372 Ne t incom e pe r

commo n share : Basi c S 0.1 7 Dilute d0,1 6 Weighte daverag e commo n shares : Basic : 56,54 6 Dflured : 57,42 7 DBOMl d Q«*lt« r $649,75 9 49,28 8 18,65 5 0,3 3 0.3 3 55,93 6 56,71 $ Thir d

Quitc r $686,85 8 SR,?3 2 25,47 4 0.4 6 0,4 5 55,90 1 56,80 4 Foart h

Qurte r $796,28 5 51,83 5 37,20 7 0.6 8 0.6 7 54,74 7 55,71 9 Veat Eadc dI>ce«nib« r

31,11X1 9 Secon d Qwrtc r S69S,S2 3 59,76 9 26;21 9 $ 0.4 7 0.4 6 55,65 7 56^5 8 Thir d

Qwrtti : $637,74 8 63,25 3 28,56 6 $ 03. 1 0.5 0 55,60 5 56,65 2 F»wll i

<iwut a 5604,40 1 4«,34 9 19^0 1 $ 0:3 5 0.3 4 55,60 6 56,62 1 •9ta i $2,765,14 5 201,82 6 96,35 0 1.7 3 1.7 0 55,61 0 56,52 6

Vn r $2,613,61 4 212,19 5 83,65 8 $ 1.5 0 1.4 7 55,85 4 56,81 4

10 111/01/201 1 1B;1 3 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A • > DM S ANM 7 §1029/03 7 PAG E 29/3 & 

# Weigh t an d Balanc e Contro l Chapte r 

# O

Ther e ar e man y factor s th& t lea dt o effidcn t

an d&af c operatio n o f

airoaft

. Amon g thes e vita l factor s i s prope r weigh t an dbalanc e cowrol

. Th e weigh t an dbalanc e syste mcommonl y employe damon g aircraf t consist s o f thre e equall y importan t

elements ; Th

e veighin g o f

th e aircraft , th e maintainin g o f th e weigh t

an dbalanc e records , an d(h e piT>pe

r loading ; o f

th e aiiciaf

L A n inaccurac y i n an y on e o f thes e clemcni s nolMe j ih e purpos e o f di e whol e syaiem

. Th e final loadin g calculaUon s wi.ll b e meaningles s i f eithe r th e aircraf

t ha s bee n improperi y weighe do r th e record s concai n an error . Imprope r loadin g cu u daw n th e cffidcnc y o f a n aircraf

t Iroa i th e standpoin t

e f altitude , nuneaverability , rat e o f climb , an dspeed

. I t

ma y eve n b e th e caus e o f failur e t o complet e tibe flight, o r fo r tha t mattet , failur e t o star t th e flight Becaus e o f

abnorma l stresse s place dupo n che stradui e o f

a n improperl y loade daircraft , o r becaus e o f change dflying characteristic s o f th e aircraft , los s o f

lif e an ddestiucuo n o f

valuabl e equipmen t

ma y result

. Th e responsibilit y fo r

prope r vdgh t an dbalanc e contro l begin s wit h th e engineer s an ddesigners , ^ dextend s t o th e aircraf t mechanic s tha i maintai n th e aircraf t an ddi e pilot s wh o operat e them

. Mode maircraf

t ar c engineere dutI1i7.ing .statE-of-the-^rt technolog y «» dmaterial s t o acTiicv e maximu mreliabilit y an dperibnnanc e fo r

th e intende dcategory
. A s muc h car e an de^tpotis e mus t

b e exercise di n operatin g an d mainiainin g thes e efficien t aircraf t a s wa s take n i n thei r desig n an dmaaufacttning

. Th e de-signet s o f

a n aircraf

t hav e se t fee maximu mwdght , base do n th e amoun t

o f lif t th e wit^ s o r

rotor s ca n provid e unde r th e operatio n oo&dilioB s fo r whic h th e aircraf

t i s designe dTh e shuctura l strengt h o f th e aircraf

t als o limit s th e manmu mweigh t th e ajicraf

t ca n »fel y e3.try
. Th e idea l locatJo n o f

th e cente r

o f gravit y (CG ) wa s vo y corcfiill y determine db y th e designers , an dth e maximu m deviatio n allowe dfro mthi s specifi c locatio n ha s bee n CBleulAted

. Th e manufaeoire r provide s (h e aircraf

t operato r wit h ih c empt y weigh t

o f th e aiictBf

t an dth e locaiiO Q o f

it s empty
weigji t cente r o f gna^vit y (EWCG ) a t

ih e tim e th e certifie d aircraf t leave s th e factoiv

- AmaTeur-bni h aiicraf t mus t hav e thi s jjiforraatio n dereinni:<e dan davailabl e a t tli e tim e o f ccrtificailon

. Th e airfram e an dpoweiplan t (A&P ) mechani c o r Tcpainna n whomaLatalit s th e aiicraf t keep s th e weigh t

an d balanc e record s correac , recordin g an y change s Tlia t hav e bee n mad e becaus e o f

repair s o r

alterations

. Th e pOo t i n comman do f

th e aircraf

t ha s th e tesponsthilJi y o c ever y flight

t o kno w th e maxitnun i allawabl e weigh t o f th e aiicraf

t an dit s C G limits

. Thi s allow s th e pilo t t o determin e o n th e prefligh t inspectio n iha t

th e aircraf

t i s loade di n suc h awa y tha t th e C O i s withi n di e allowabl e linuts

. Weigh t Contro l Weigh t i s amajo r

facto r i n (liiplan e constructio n an d operation , an dj t

demand s tvspcc t

fromal l pilot s an d particula r

diligenc e b y al l A& P mechanic s an drepairmen

Excessiv e weigh t

reduce ? th e efficient ^ o f S Q aircraf t an dth e .safety marp n availabl e i f a n emergenco r conditio n shoul darise

. Whe n a n aircraf

t i s designed , i t

i s mad e a s ligh t

a s th e require dstructura l strengt h wil l allow , an dth e wing s o r rotor s ar e designe dt o suppor t th e maximu mallowabl e weight

. Whe n th e weigh t o f a n aircraf t i s increased , th e wing s o r

rotors mus t

produc e additiona l lif

t an dth e stractut c mus t

nippoi t no t onl y th e additiona l stati c loads , bu t als o th e dynami c load s impose db y flight maneuvers . Fo r exaisple , th e wijvg s o f

a3,000>poa& dairplan e mus t suppor t 3,00 0 pound s i n kve l flight, bu t whe n th e airplan e i s turne dsmoothl y an dsharpl y nsi: ^ a . ban k angl e o f 60"
. th e dynami c loa dxequiie s th e wing s t o suppor t twic e this , o r 6,00 0 pounds

. Sever e uncoordinate dmaneuver s o r flight int o turbulenc e ca n impos e dynami c load s o u th e structnr e grea t enoug h

1- 1 

### Exhibi t 611/01/201 1 16;1 3 FA X 202493514 2 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A + DM S

ANM 7 0030/03 7 PAG E 30/3 6

t o caui M failure

. X

n accordanc e wit h Titl e 1 4 o f th e Cod e o f Fulcra ] Regulatioii s (1 4 CFR ) pa n 23 , di e structur e o f a norma l categor y aiipUn c mus t b e strtxn g enoug h t o sustai n aloa dfacto r

o f 3. 8 time s it s w«ght

. Tha t is

. ever y poun d o f weigh t adde dt o a n aircraf

t require s tha t

th e structur e b e i^on g enoug h t o suppor t a n additiona l 3, 8 poimds

. A n aircraf

t operate di n & e utilit y categor y mus t sustai n a loa dfacto r

o f 4,4 , an daerebari e eategoi y aircraf t mus t b e stron g enoug h t o withstan d6, 0 dme s (hei r weight

. Th e lif e produce db y awin g i s dctomine db y it s airfoi l shape , angl e o f

attack , spee dthroug h th e air , an dth e ai r density

. Whe n a n aircraf t cake s of f &off l a n airpor t

wit h a hig h densit y altitude , i t

mus t accelerat e t o aspee dfaste r tha n woul db o require da t se aleve l t o produc e enoug h lif t t o allo w takeoff ; therefore , alonge r takeof f ru n i $ necessary . Th e distanc e neede dma y b e longe r tha n th e availabl e runway . Whe n operatin g fromahigh-densit y ahimd e airport , th e Pilot' s Operatin g Uandboo k (POH ) o r Aitplao e Fligh t

Manua l (AE4 ) mus t

b e consulte dt o determin e th e maxifflD mweigh t allowe dfo r

th e aircraf

t unde r th e condition ao f

altimde , tttmperamre , wind , an d runwa y conditions

. Effect s o f Weigh t Mos t moder n airocat^ ar e s o designe dtha i j f K U scat s ar c occupied , al l baggag e allowe db y th e baggag e coo^artmea t

i s carried , an dal l o f

d) e fue l tack s ar c fiill , th e aircraf

t wil l b e grossl y overloaded

. Thi s typ e o f desig n require s tb « pilo t t o giv e grea t

consideratio n t o th e rcqcdicxncDt s o f

th e trip

. I f

maxifflu mrang e i s rcquirsd , occupant s o r

baggag e mus t

b e lef t behind , o r

i f tb. e maximu mloa dmus t

b e carried , th e range , dictate db y th e amoun t o f fiJel o n board , mus t

b e reduced

. Som e o f th e problem s cause db y overloadin g an aircraf t ore :

* th e aircraf

t wil l nee dahigbc r

takeof f speed , whie h rcsvlt s i n alonge r

takeof f run . * bot h th e rat e an dangl e o f clim b wHl b e reduced

. * th e servic e ceilin g wil l b e lowered , * th e cruisin g spee dwil l b e reduced

. * fte cruisin g rang e wil l b e shortened

. * maneuverabilit y wil l b e decreased ,

' alonge r

landin g rol l wil l b e requtre dbecaus e th e landin g itpce dwil l b e higher

.

- ej^cessiv e load s wil l b e impose do n th e soncmre , especiall y xh

c landin g gear . Th e PO H o r AF M include s table s o r chart s tha t

giv e ih a pilo t a n indicatio n o f

th e performanc e expecte dfo r an y weigh t A n importan t

par t o f carefu l prefii^ t

plannin g include s achec k

o f thes e chart s t o detennin e th e aircraf t i s loade ds o th e propose dflight ca n b e safel y made

. Weigh t Change s Tlt e ma^^imu mallowabl e weigh t fo r i maircraf t i s determine db y desig n consideradoos

. However , th e maximu moperationa l wei^ t ma y b e les s tha n th e maximim i allowabl e weigh t du e t o snc h consideration s a s high-densit y altimd e o c high-dra g fieldcondition s cause d b y we t gras s o r wate r o n th e runway , Tli c maximu m operationa l weigh t

ma y als o b e limite db y th e departur e o r arriva l airport' s runwa y ki^gih

. On e iffipotian i prcfli^h t

consideiatioij i i s th e dism'butio n o f th e loa di n th e alrcrsf

L Loadin g th e aircraf

t s o th e gros s weigh t it : les s tha n th e manmu mallowabl e i s no t enoug h Thi s weigh t

mus t b e distribute dt o kee p th e C G withi n th e hmit s specifie di n th e PO H o r AFM
. I f th e C G i s to o Ea

r forward , aheav y passenge r ca n b e move dl o on e o f

th e rea r seat s o r baggag e ca n b e shifte dfro maforwar dbaggag e coinpanmentt o area r compartmen t

I f ih e C G ijj to o fa r

aft , passeogo r

weigh t o r baggag e ca n b e shifte dforward

. TTie fue l loa dshoul db e balance dlaterally : th e pilo t shoul dpa y specia l attentio n t o th e PO H o r

AF M regardin g ib e operatio n o f th e fue l system , i n orde r

t o kee p th e aircraf

t balance di n fljgbt, Wdgh t an dbalanc e o f

ahelicopte r

i s fs c mor e critica l tha n fo r a n airplan e Wit h som e helicopters , the y ma y b e propcd y loade dfo r

takeoff , bu t nea r th e en do f

alon g ffight whc o th e fiic l tank s u c almos t empty , th e C G tna y hav e shifte denoug h fo r th e helicopte r

t o b e ou t

o f balanc e laterall y o r

longiiudinally

. Befor e makin g an y lon g flight, th e C G wit h th e fijel availabl e fo r landin g mos t

b e checke d t o ensur e i t

wi D b e withi n th e allowabl e fans'!

. Airplane s wit h tande mseatin g normall y hav e aUmit^o n re<]uirin g sol o flight

t o b e mad e &o mth e ffont sea t i n som e airplane s o r

th e rea r sca t i n others

. Som e o f

th e smalle r helicopter s als o requir e sol o flight b e mad e fro ma specifi c seat , eithe r

th e nght , left , o r

center
. Thes e seatin g limitation s wiD b e note db y aplacard , usuall y o n th e instrumen t

panel , ao dthe y shoul dbesitrictl y adhere dto
. A s a n aircraf

t ages , it s weigh t

usuall y increase s dn e t o tra^ h an ddir t

coUeetiii g i n bard-to-reac b locations , an d moistvi e absorbe di s th e cabi n iiuul^tian

. Thi s grotvt h i n weigtr t i s normall y small , bu t

i t ca n onl y b e detecroine db y accuratel y weighin g th e aircraf t

1- 211/01/201 1 1G:1 4 FA X 202493514 2 11/81/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 FA A * DM S ANM 7 21031/03 7 PAG E 31/3 6

Change s o f

flxedequipmen t

ma y hav e amajo r

effec t upo n th e weigh t

o f th e aircraft

. Man y aiinaf t ar c overloade db y th e installatio n o f

excr aradio s o r

instnwieDts , Fbimnately , th e replacemen t

o f older

. he«v y eleetreni e equipmen t wit h newe ^ hghie r

type s result s i n aweigh t reduction

. Thi s weigh t change , howeve r

helpiial , wil

j probabl y caus e th e C G t o shif

t an dthi s mus t

b e compute dan dannotate di n th e weigh t

an dbalanc e record. Repair s an dalteratio n ar e th e majo r source s o f

weigh t changes , an di t

i s th e responinbilit y o f

th e A& P mechani c o r repairma n makin g an y repai r o r alteratio n t o kno w tb c weigh t an dlocatio n o f

thes e changes , an dt o comput e th e C G an drecor dth e ne w empt y weigh t an dEWC G i n th e aircraf t weigh t an dbalanc e reeord

. UHi c newl y calculate dEWC G Shoul dhappe n t o fal l outsid e th e EWC G range , i t wil l b e necessar y t o perfor m advers e loadin g check

. Thi s wil l lequir e aforwar dan d rearwar dadverse-loadin g check , an damaximu mweigh t check

. Thes e weigh t

an dbalanc s extrem e condition s rcpitscn t di e maximu mforwar dan drearwar dC G positio n fo r th e aircraft

Advers e loadin g check t ai e adeliberat e attemp t t o loa da n aircraf

t i n amanne r

tha t wil l creat e th e mos t critica l balanc e conditio n an dstil l remai n withi n th e desJEn C G limit s o f

th e ainnf t

I f an y o f th e dicck s fal l outsid e th e loade dC G range , th e aiiaaf t mus t b e recoBfigmc do r

placarde dt o preven t

th e pilo t £ro mloadin g th e aircraf

t improperly

. Iri s sometime s possibl e t o instal l fi^edballas t

i n orde r fo r th e aircraf

t t o agai n operat e withi n th e norma l C G range . Th e A& P mechani c o r

repairma n conductin g a n annua l o r conditio n inspectio n mus t ensur e ih e weigh t

an dbalanc e dat ai n th e aiicraf

t lecotd s i s curren t

ati daccurate
. I t 1 $ th e lecponnbilit y o f

di e pilo t i n cenman dt o us e th e Tpo.s t curren t weigh t an dbalanc e dat awhe n operatin g th e aircraft

. Stabilit y an d Balanc e Contro l Balanc e contro l refer s t o th e localioi i o f th e C G o f

a n aircraf L Thi; : i s o f

primar y ic^tortanc e l o aircraf t stability , whic h determine s safet y i n flight Th e C G i s th e poin t

a t whic h th e tota l weigh t

o f th e aircraf

t i s assume dt o b e concentrated , an dtiic C G mus t b e locate d widri n specifi c limit s fo r saf e flight Bot h laiera l an d loBgiludina ] balaoc e aj « importint , bu t th e prim e concer n i s loQgitudina l balance ; tha t is , th e locatio n o f

th e C G alon g th e longitudina l o r lengthwis e axis

. A n ^rplan e i s designe dt o hav e stabilit y tha t allow s i t t o b e trimme ds o i t

wil l maintai n straigh t

an dleve l flight

wit h hand s of

f th e controls , Longitodina l scabillc y i s maintaine d b y ensurin g ih e C G i s slightl y ahea do f th e cente r

o f lif t Thi s produce s afixednose-dow n forc e independen t o f di e airspeed

. Thi s i s balance db y avariabl e nose-u p force

. Which i s produee db y adownwar daerodynami c forc e o n th e horizonta l tail , surface s tha t varie s directl y wit h th e Bir.<9eed

. [Figur e l-I ]

Fixe d noee^ew n farc e Independen t o f sifsoee d Variatii e noaa-u p farc « depertdan t upo n airspee d Figure 1- L Longitudina

l force ! 'txiing o

n a n airplane infllihi

. I f arisin g ai r

cunen i shoul dcaus e th e nos e t o pitc h up , th e airplan e wi H slo w dow n an dth e downwar dforc e o n th e tai l wil l decrease

. Th e weigh t concentrate da t

Ch e C G wil l pul l th e nos e bac k

dowr

. I f th e nos e shoul ddro p i n flight , th e airspee dwil l increas e an dth e increase ddownwar dtai l loa dwji l bit1,ci

g th e wos e bac k

u p t o leve l fligh t A s lon g a s th e C G i s maintaine dwithi n di e allowabl e hmit s fo r it s weight , th e airplan e wil l hav e adequat e longitudina l stabilit y an dcontrol

. I f th e C G i s to o far

aft , i t wil l b e to o nea r

di e cente r

o f Hi t an dth e airplan e wil l b e unstable , an ddifficul t t o recove r

fro ma.stall

. [Figur e 1-2 ] I f th e unstabl e airplan e shoul deve r ente r aspii L th e spi n coul dbecom e flat

an drecovei y woul db e difficul t o r impossible

.

C Q to o fa raf t Nose-dow n force Pigar c I'XIjfif

u C O i f to o fa r afrtaih c ki

w pa D airspeed , ther

e migh t ee l b e ettoug h tltvat ^ nose-dffn/

n auihorit y t o ge t the nos e d^tmjb r itcavery

. i r th e C G i s lo o fa r

Corvcard , th e downwar dtai l loa dwiU hav e t o b e increase dt o maintai n leve l flight Thi s increase d tai l loa dha s th e sam e effec t a s carryin g additi.ona l weight ;

1- 311/01/201 1 16:1 4 FA X 202493514 2 FA A ANM

7 + DM

S @l032/03 7

PAG E 32/3 G

tb c aircraf

t wil l havr

. t o fly a t

ahighe r angl e o f attack , an d dra g wil l increase

. A mor e seriou s problo n cause db y th e C G bein g coo fa r forwar di s th e lac k

o f sufficien t

elevato r authority

. A t

slo w takeof f speeds , th e elevato r

migh t no t produc e enoug h nose-u p forc e t o rotat e an do n landin g ther e ma y no t b e enoug h elevato r

forc e t o flar e th e airplane

. [Rgur e 1-3 ) Bot h takeoi Fan dlandin g run s wil l b e lengthene di f th e C G i s to o fa r forward

.

iiir i rgir^^r " > •^C

Gto o f« r forwaf d SBSS: " — Insuffleiitn t elavfita r n03»-vj p forc e

• 11 1 mij n 1 k l •»,irllHi n m i 33 S Fignr v .1-3
. t/A e C C i i to o far

forward , t/tev

t wil l v t be enoug h elevato r lose-u p forc e to flare th

e airplan e fo r

landing

. Th e ba.<!i c airoaf t desig n assume s tha t

latera l symmetr y exists

. Fo r

eac h ite mo f

weigh t adde dt o th e lef

t o f th e centertin e o f

th e aircraf

t (als o know n a s buttoc k lin e zero , o r BL-0) , thcr r

i s generall y a n equa l weigh t a t a cotrcspoadis g locatio n o n th e righ t Th e latera l balanc e ca n b e upse t b y uneve n fue l loadin g o r bumoff

. Th e positio n o f th e latera l C G i s no t

ncrroall y compute dfq r

a n airplane , bu t

th e pilo t mus t b e awar e o f th e advers e effect s tha t wil l resul t

ftom alaterall y unbalance deonditioi L [Flgnr t I-4 ] Thi s i s correcte db y usin g th e ailero n trii n ta b unti l enoug h fue l haii bee n use d fro mth e tan k

o n th e heav y sid e t o balanc e th e airplane

. Th e deflecte dtri mta b deflect s th e ailero n t o produc e additiona l lif

t o n th e heav y side , bu t

i t als o produce s additiona l drag , an dth e airplan e flie< inefficiently

. Additiona l iif i an ddra g

Additiona l vMlsh t FiCUTf t 1-4
. Laieral irnbalanc t

eausi t win ; heaviness , vhic h ma

y b e correcte db

y ductin g ih t

oiUnm

. Th

e addixforui

l lif t eause f additional dn t

an dth e ^rptaii e flie s bu^eieaf

y Helicopte r

ar e affecte db y latera l imbalanc e .mor e tha n airplanes

. I f

ahelicopte r

i s loade dwit h heav y occupant s an dfu do n th e sam e side , U coul db e ou t o f balano e enoug h t o mak e i t

unsaf e t o fly. I t

i s als o possibl e tha t

i f cKtcma l load s ac e carrie di n suc h apositio n t o requir e larg e latera l displacemen t

o f th e cycli c contro l t o maintai n leve l fligjit , th e fore-and-af

t cycli c contro l effectivenes s wil l b e limited

. Sweptwin g airplane s ar e mor e critica l du e t o fue l imbalanc e becaos e a s th e fue l i s use dfro mth e outboar d tanks , di e C G shift s forward , an da s i t i s use dftvimth e inboar dtanks

. Hie C G shift s af L (Figur e 1-S l Fo r

thi s reason , fncl-ur e schedulin g i n sweptwin g airplane s operatio n i s critical

. t>utbear d fuel : taiih«» y

Flfu w 1-5 , F'ur

l in ift c unk t of e sweprnrin

g oirplar u affec B hot h lateral an dlofigiiudtna

l baSanee

. A s fuel i s latdfro man otaboard ranf c (A f C G ihift t fomanl

.

1- 411/01/201 1 16:1 4 FA X 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 202493514 2 425227100 7 FA A * DM S At*17 @l033/03 7 PAG E 33/3 6

A C 120-27 E 6/10/0 5
3
. Wha t doctament s doe s thi s A C cancel ? I Thi s A C cancel s A C 120-27D , Aircraf t Weighi an dBalanc e Control , date dAugus t 11,2004
. 4
. Wha t shoul da n operato r

conside r whil e readin g th b AC ?
a - Accuratel y calculatin g a n aircraft' s weigh t aiu l C G befor e flight

i s essentia l t o compl y wit h th e certificatio n linoit s establishe dfo r th e aircraft

. Thes e limit s inclvide bot h weigh t an dC G limits

. B y complyin g wit h thes e limii s an doperatin g unde r fte procedure s establishe db y th e manufecturer , a n operato r i s abl e t o mee t

th e weigh t

an dbalanc e requirement s specifie di n th e aircraf t fligh t manua l (AFlvf)

. Typically , a n operato r

calctJaie s takeof

f weigh t b y addm g th e I operationa l empty weigh t (OEW ) o f

th e aircraft , th e weigh t

o f th e passenger , carg o payload , an d th e weigh t

o f fbel

. Th e objectiv e i s t o calculat e th e takeof f weigh t an dC G o f

a n aircraf t a s accuratel y a s possible

. b

. Whe n usin g averag e weight s fo r passenger s an dbags , th e operato r mus t b e vigilan t

t o ensur e tha t

th e weigh t

an dbalanc e contro l progra mreflect s th e realit y o f aircraf t loading

. Th e FA A wil l periodicall y revie w th e guidanc e i n thi s A C an dupdat e thi s A C i f averag e weight s o f th e travelin g publi c shoul dchang e o r i f regulator y reqtiirement s fo r carry-o n bag s o r

persona l item s shoul dchange

. Ultjinately , A e operator i s responsibl e fo r

determinin g i f

th e procedure s describe di n thi s A C ar e appropriat e fo r us e i n it s typ e o f

operation

. 5

. Wh o shoul dus e thi s AC ?
a . Thi s documen t

provide s guidanc e t o both passenge r an dcarg o operator s tha t ar e eithe r require dt o hav e a n approve dweigh t an dbalanc e contro l progra mimde r part s J 2 1 an d125 , o r choos e t o us e actual o r

averag e aircrafc , passenger , o r baggag e weight s whe n operatin g imde r I par t 91 , subpar t

K o f par t 91 , o r par t 135

. Th e guidanc e i n thi s A C i s usefu l fo r anyon e involve d in developin g o r

implementin g aweigh t

an dbalanc e contro l program . b

. A s show n in Tabl e 1 , th e FA A ha s divide daircraf t int o thre e categorie s for

thi s A C t o provid e guidanc e appropriat e t o th e siz e o f th e aircraf

t TABL E 1
. AIRCRAF T CABI N SIZ E f o r thi s AC , a n aircraft

originatt y type-certificate dwith — 7 1 o r mor e passenge r

seat s 3 0 t o 7 0 passenge r

seat s I s considered — A large-cabi n aircraft

. A meditmi'-cabi n aixcraflt

. 5 t o 2 9 passenge r

seat s A small-cabi n aircraf t NOTE : Aircraft

wit h fewe r

tha n fiv e passenge r

seat s mus t

ns e actua l passenge r an dbaggag e weights

. 6
. Wh o ca n us e standar daverag e o r segmente dweights ?
a . Standar dAverag e Weights

. Us e o f 5tandar daverag e weight s i s limite dt o Operator s o f multlengin e turbine-powere daircraf t originall y type-certificate dfo r five o r mor e passenge r

seat s
Pag e i i 

### Exhibi t 711/01/201 1 16:1 4 FA X 202493514 2 FA A * DM S 21034/03 7
6/10/0 5 A C 120-27 B CHAPTE R1

- AIRCRAF T WEIGHT S AN D LOADIN G SCHEDULE S Sectio n 1
. Establtfhin g Aircraf t Weigh t 100
. Ho w doc s a n operato r establis h th e initia l weight o f a n aircraft ? Prio r to bein g place dint

o service , eac h aircraf

t shoul db e weire dan dth e empt y weight an dC G location established

. Ne w aircraf t ar e normally weighe da t

th e factor y an dar e eUgibl e t o b e place dint o operatio n without

reweighir g i

f th e weigh t an dbalanc e record s wer

e adjuste dfo

r alteration s an dmodification s to th e aircraf t unles s som

e otha r modification to th e aircraf

t warrant s tha

t th e aircraf t b e weighe d(e.g. , paragrap h 103c)
. Aircraf t transfeire dfromone operator that ha s a n approve dweight

an dbalanc e program , to anothe r operator wit h a n approved program , doe s no t

needto b e weighe dprio r

t o tis e by th e receivin g operator unles s more tha

n 3 6 calendar-month s hav e elapse dsmc e las t individua l or fleet weighing , o

r unles s som

e othe r modificalion t o th e aircraf

t warrant s that

fh e aircraf t b e weighe d(e.g. , paragraph 103c)
. Aircraf t transferred , purchased , o r

lease dftoma

n operator without a n approvedweigh

t an dbalanc e program , an

dtha t hav e bee n unmodifiedo

r only minimally modified , ca n b e pjacedint

o servic e without bein g reweighe di f

th e las t weighin g wa s accomplishe db y a n acireptable metho d(fo

r example , manufacturer' s instruction s o r A C 43.13-1 , Acceptabl e Methods , TeikhnJques , an d Practices—Aircraf

t Inspectio n an

dRepair , current

edition ) withi n th e las t

1 2 calendar-month s andaweight

an dbalanc e chang e recor

dwa s maintaine db y th e operator
. Se e paragraph 103 c fo r adiscussio n o f

whe n i t ma y b e potentially unsaf

e t o &i l to reweigh a

n aircraf t afte r it ha s been modified

. 101
. Ho w doe s an operato r documen t

change s t o an aircraft^ s weigh t an d'balance ? Th e weight

an dbalanc e systemshoul dmclude methods , suc h a s alog , ledger , or

othe r equivalen t electroni c means , b y whic h th e operator will maintain acomplete , current , andtontinuou s recor d o f th e weight

an dC G o f each aircraft

. Alteration s an dchange s affectin

g eitberithe weight

and/o r balanc e o f th e aircraf t shoul db e recorde din thi s log

. Change s i n th e amoim t o f weight o r i n tb e locatio n o f weight i n or on th e aiicraf

t shoul db e recorde dwheneve r th e weight

l chang e i s a

t or exceed s th e weight s liste din Tabl e 1 -I
. TABL E 1-1
. INCREMENTA L WEIGH T CHANGE S THA T SHOULD B E RECORDE D

I N A WEIGH T AN

D BALANC E CHANGE RECOR D I n th e weigh t

chang e recor do f a — Large-cabi n aircraf

t Medium-cabin aircraf

t [ Small-cabin aircraf

t Af

t operato r shoul drecor dan y weigh t change s of — +/-1 0 l b o r greater
. +/

- 5 l b o r greater
. +/

- 1 l b o r preater
. 102
. Ho w doe s th e operato r maintai n th e OEW? The loadin g schedule ina

y utiliz e tiie individua

l weight o f th e aircraf t i n computing operationa

l weigh t an dbalance , or

th e operator

ma y choos e t o establis h fleet

empt y weight s fo

r afleet o r grou p o f aircraft

. Pa r 10 0 Page 111/01/201 1 16:1 4 FA X 202493514 2 FA A• > DM S 12035/03 7 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 ANM 7 PAG E 34/3 611/01/201 1 16:1 4 FA X 202493514 2 FA A * DM S §1036/03 7 11/01/201 1 13:5 4 425227100 7 ANM 7 PAG E 35/3 6

6/10/0 5 A C 12Q-27 E Sectio D 2 , Aircraf

t Loadin g Schedule s 105

. Wha t

i s aloadin g schedule ?
a . Th e loading schedul e i s use dt o documen t complianc e wi & th e certificatedweight an d balanc e limitation s containe di n th e manufacturer' s AP

M an dweight

an dbalanc e manual

. b

. The loadin g schedule i s develope db y th e operator basedo n it s specifi c loadin g calculatio n procedure s an

dprovide s th e operationa

l limit s fo r us e wit h tiie operator' s weigh

t an d balanc e progra

mapprovedunder

thi s A C Thes e approve doperationa l limit s ar e typically mor

e restrictiv e but

ma y not exceedth e manufacturer' s certificate dlimits

. Thi s i s becaus e th e loadin g schedul e i s generally designe dto chec k only specifi c condition s (e.g. , takeof f an dzer o fuel) know n prio r

t o takeoff , andnnis t account fo r variation s i

n weigh t andbalanc e in flight

I t mus t als o accoun

t for factor s selectedt o b e excluded , fo r eas e o f tise , fromftie calculatio n process . Loadin g th e aircraf

t s o tiiat th e calculate dweigh

t an dbalanc e i s withi n l^ c approve dlimit s wil l maintai n th e acma

l weight an dbalanc e withi n th e certificatedlimit s throughout th e flight.
c . Developmen

t o f aloading schedul e represent s a . trade-of f betwee n eas e o f us e andloading flexibility, A schedule ca

n provide mor

e loadin g flexibility b

y requirin g more detaile dinputs , o r i t can b e mad

e easie r t o us e b y fiirthe

r limitin g the operationa

l limit s t o account

fo r the uncertaint y cause db y th e les s detaile dinputs

. d

. Severa l type s of loading schedule s are commonlyused , including computer program s a s wel l a s ''paper* ' schedules , which ca n b e either

graphical , such a s a

n alismnen t

("chas e around chart" ) system , sb'd

e rule , o r numerical , suc h a s a

n adjuste dweight o r inde x system
. e . I t i s ofte n mor e convenient

t o comput

e th e balanc e effects o f

combine dload s at»

dt o displa y th e result s b

y usin g "balanc e units " o r

"inde x units. " Thi s i s don e by addin g th e respectiv e moment s (weight time s arm) o f

each item

. Graphing th e momentsi result s ma"fa n grid " wher

e lineS of constant balanc e aim s (BA ) o r

percent MA C are close

r togethe r a t lowe r weight s an

dfijslhe r apar t a t higher weights

. Direc t

graphica l o r numerica l additio n o f

th e balanc e effects ar

e possibl e usin g thes e .momen t values

. f

. T o mak e the magnitude o f

th e number s mere msDageable , moment s ca n b e converte dto a n index unit

. .Fo

r example :

, , weigh t xiSA-datum ) , , mde x uni t = ^

- ^

^ '

- -t
- K M NOTE : Wher e datu mi s th e referenc e B A tha t wil l plo t a s avertldt l lin e o

n th e fa n grid > jli'an dJTar e constant s tha t ar e selecte db y th e operator.3/ b use dt o scal e th e inde x values ^ an dK i s use dt o se t

tb e inde x valu e o f

th e referenc e B A 106
. Ho w shoul da

n operato r

detennin e th e weigh t

of eac h flui duse dabbar dth e aircraft ? A n operator

shouldus e on e o f

th e following : Par 10 5 ~ "~~~ " Pag e 511/01/201 1 16:1 5 FA X 202493514 2 FA A ^ DM S @l037/03 7 11/01/201 1 13:5 1 425227100 7 ANM 7 PAG E 36/3 6

6/10/0 5 A C 120-27 B Appendi x 1 APPENDI X 1
. DEFINITION S 1
. Baai c empty weight

. Th e aircraf t empt y weight , adjustedfo

r variation s in standarditems

. 2
. Carg aA s use

di n thi s advisor

y circula r (AC) , carg o refers to everything ; carrie di n th e carg o compartment s o f

th e aircraft

. Thi s include s bags , mail , freight, express , an dcompan y material

. I t als o include s liv e animals , dangerou s goods , an dhazardoti s material s a s stibcategorie s o f th e above

. 3
. Carry-o n bag

. A ba g tha t th e operato r

allow s th e passenge

r t o can y onboard

. I t

shoul db e of asiz e andshap e tha

t wil l allo w i t

t o b e stowe dunde

r the passenge

r sea t o r i n astorag e compartmen t

The operator

establishe s tb e exac t

dimensiona

l limit s base do n th e particula r aircraf t stowag e limits

. 4
. Certificate dweight

an dC G limits

. Weigh

t an dcente r o f gravit y (CG ) limit s ar e establishe d a t th e tim e o f

aircraf t certification

. The y ar e specifie din th e Applicabl e aircraf t flight rtuinual (AFM)
. 5

. Checke dbags

. Checkedbag s ar e thos e bag s place dmth e carg o companxnen t o f th e aircraf

t Thi s include s bag s tha

t are to o larg e t

o b e place di

n th e cabin o f

th e aircraf t or duosc bag s that

arc require dt o b e carrie di

n th e carg o compartmen

t b y regulation , securit

y progrHm, o r

compan y policy

. Fo r

bag s checkedplane-side , se e di e definition fo r plane-side loaded ! bags

. 6
. Cnrtaihnen t

Creatin g a

n operationa

l loadin g envelop e that

i s more restrictiv e tha

n th e manufecturers" ' C G envelope , t o issur ath e aircfaf t will b e operate dwithi n liinit s durin g all phase s o f fligh t Curtailmen

t typicall y accoimt s for , bu t i s no t limite dto , in-fligh

t movement , gea r andflap movement

carg o variation , ftie] density , fiie l bum-off , an dsealin g variation

. I 7
. Flee t

operatiooa l empty weigh t (POEW)
. Averag e operationa l empt y weigh t (OEW ) use d for afleet or grotj p of aircraf t o f th e sam e mode l andconfiguration

. 8
. Freigh t

Carg o carrie dfo

r hire in tlx e carg o compartmen

t tha t i s no t naailio r passenge r bags

. 9
. Heav y b^s

. Heavy bag s are considere dan y bag tha t weigh s mor

e than 5 0 pound s bu t

les s tha n 10 0 pounds

. Bag s tha

t are 10 0 pound s o r

mor e ar e considere dfreight. I 10
. Larg e cabi n aircraf t Aircraf t originally type-certifleate dwit h amaxirau

mseatin g capacit

y o f 7 1 o r mor e passenge r scats
. 11
. Loadin g envelope

. Weigh t andC G envelop e usedi

n aloadin g schedule

. Loadin g th e aircraf t withi n the loadin g envelop e wil l maintai n th e aircraf t weight andCG ' withi n th e manufacturer' s type-certificate dlimit s throughout th e flight. 12
. Ix>ading schedul e Metho dfo r calculatin g an ddocumenting aircraf t weigh t an dbalanc e prio r t o taxiing , t o ensur

e th e aircraf

t wil l remai n withi n al l require dweight andbalanc e runitation s throughout

th e flight.

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