### STATE OF MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN



# LIBBY ANNUAL PM2
.5 

# CONTROL PLAN

POLLUTANT: Particulate Matter (PM2.5)

STANDARD: PrimaryAnnual NAAQS EPA SUBMITTAL DATE: April 1, 2008

### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 27.1 INTRODUCTION 27.1 .1 Table of Contents 27.1.2 List of Figures 27.1.3 List ofTables

27.2 LEGALAUTHORITY 27.2.1 October 1991 Stipulation between the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, the Lincoln County Commission, and the Libby City Council. 27.2.2 November 1991 Board of Health and Environmental Sciences Findings of Fact, Conclusions, and Order. 27.2.3 Assistant Attorney General's Opinion: Local Air Pollution Control Programs. 27.2.4 March 1991 Stipulation between the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, the Lincoln County Commission, and the Libby City Council. 27.2.5 March 1993 Board of Health and Environmental Sciences Findings of Fact, Conclusions, and Order. 27.2.6 December 16, 1994 Board of Health and Environmental Sciences Findings of Fact, Conclusions, and OrderAdopting Libby Contingency Measures.

Dated: March 23, 2006 Replaces Page: 27.1.1 (1) April 1, 2008 Page: 1 of 5 Page 27.1.1 (1)Volume III Cha ter27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 27.2.6.1 December 16,1994 Board of Health and Environmental Sciences Findings of Fact, Conclusions, and OrderAdopting a Stipulation Betweenthe Department of Health and Environmental Sciences and the Stimson Lumber Company. 27.2.6.2 December 16, 1994 Stipulation between the Department of Health and Environmental Sciences and the Stimson Lumber Company. 27.2.7 February 1, 1996 Board of Environmental Review Findings of Fact, Conclusions, and OrderAdopting an Amendmentto the CountyAir Pollution Control Program to Include the State Open Burning RegUlations. 27.2.8 March 23, 2006 Board of Environmental Review Findings of Fact, Conclusions, and OrderAdopting an Amendmentto the CountyAir Pollution Control Program to restructure existing rules and to include new PM2.5 emission control strategies.
- 

### 27.3 RESOURCES 27.4 PROCEDURES FOR ADOPTING LOCAL REGULATIONS AND SIP CHANGES 27.5 REPORTING AND TRACKING 27.6 AREA DESIGNATION 27.6.1 Designations 

### 27.7 AMBIENT MONITORING 27.8 EMISSION MONITORING 27.9 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROVISIONS

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### 2 of 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 27.9.1 Local Regulations 27.10 LIBBYAND VICINITY PM-10 CONTROL PLAN 27.10.1 Area Description 27.10.2 Air Quality Monitoring 27.10.3 Chemical Mass Balance Study (CMB) 27.10.4 Optical Microscopy Study 27.10.5 Libby Base Year PM-10 Emission Inventory 27.10.6 Dispersion Modeling 27.10.7 Comparison ofSourceApportionment Studies for Libby 27.10.8 Design Concentration 27.10.9 Historical Controls 27.10.10 Control Strategies 27.10.10.1 Residential Wood Combustion Detailed Control Efficiency Demonstration 27.10.10.2 Re-entrained Road Dust Detailed Control Efficiency Demonstration 27.10.10.3 Prescribed Burning Control EfficiencyAnnual Demonstration 27.10.10.4 Champion International Control Efficiency Demonstration

Dated: March 23, 2006 Replaces Page: 27.1.1 (3) April 1, 2008 Page: 3 of 5 Page 27.1.1 (3)

### Volume III Cha ter 27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Program 27.10.10.5 Federal Tailpipe Standards Control Efficiency Demonstration 27.10.11 Reasonably Available Control Technology/Measures Analysis (RACT/RACM) 27.10.12 Enforceability 27.10.13 Alternatives Considered 27.10.14 Contingency Plans and Control Effectiveness Evaluation 27.10.15 Demonstration ofAttainment and Maintenance 27.10.15.1 Background 27.10.15.2 24-Hour Demonstration ofAttainment and Maintenance 27.10.15.3 Annual Demonstration ofAttainment and Maintenance 27.10.16 Reasonable Fwther Progress 27.11 PM-10 MAINTENANCE PLAN 27.12 LIBBYAND VICINITY PM2.5 

### CONTROL PLAN 27.12.1 Area Description 27.12.2 Air Quality Monitoring 27.12.3 Chemical Mass Balance Study (CMB) 27.12.4 Carbon 14 Study Results 27.12.5 Libby Base Year PM2.5 

### Emission Inventory
Dated: March 23,2006 Replaces Page: 27.1.1 (4) April 1, 2008 Page: 4 of 5 

### -. Page 27.1.1 (4)Volume III Cha ter

### 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram


### 27.12.6 Historical PM1Q Controls 

### 27.12.7 PM2.5 Control Strategies 

### 27.12.7.1 Space Heating Wood Combustion Control Program 

### 27.12.7.2 Prescribed Burning Control Program 

### 27.12.7.3 Federal Tailpipe Standards Control Program 

### 27.12.8 ReasonablyAvailable Control Technologyl ReasonablyAvailable Control Measures (RACT/RACM) Analysis 

### 27.12.9 Enforceability 

### 27.12.10 Contingency Plans and Control Effectiveness Evaluation 

### 27.12.11 Annual Demonstration ofAttainment and Maintenance 

### 27.12.11.1 PM2
.5Design Value Calculation 

### 27.12.11.2 Calculation of PM2
.5Annual Background Concentration 

### 27.12.11.3 PM2
.5Annual Demonstration ofCompliance 

### 27.12.11.4 PM2
.5

### 2010 Demonstration ofCompliance 

### 27.12.12 Reasonable Further Progress

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### 1, 2008 Page: 

### 5 of 

### 5 Page 

### 27.1.1 (5)

### Volume III Cha ter27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 27.1.2 List of Figures FIGURE 27.3A LINCOLN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT ORGANIZATIONAL CHART FIGURE 27.10.1A LIBBY PM-10 NONATTAINMENTAREA FIGURE 27.10.2A LIBBY AREA AIR MONITORING SITES FIGURE 27.10.3A LIBBY PM-10 SOURCEAPPORTIONMENT (October 31, 1987

- December 30, 1988) FIGURE 27.10.3B UBBY PM-10 SOURCEAPPORTIONMENT (Days Exceeding NMQS) FIGURE 27.10.4A OPTICAL STUDY RESULTS FIGURE 27.10.5A LIBBY PM-10 EMISSION INVENTORYANNUAL EMISSIONS 

# - BY SOURCE CATEGORY FIGURE 27.10.7A CMB STUDY RESULTS FOR 26-DAYS COINCIDING WITH OPTICAL STUDY FIGURE 27.10.7B OPTICAL STUDY RESULTS FIGURE 27.10.7C LIBBY CMB SOURCE APPORTIONMENT (October 31,1987­ December 30, 1988) FIGURE 27.10.70 EMISSION INVENTORY SOURCE APPORTIONMENT FIGURE 27.12.1 LIBBY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL BOUNDARIES FIGURE 27.12.3 LIBBY PM2
. 5CMB MODEL RESULTS (11/11/03 -2/27/04) FIGURE 27.12.11.1 PM2.5 DESIGN VALUE CALCULATION
Dated: November 15,1991 Replaces Page: 27.1.2 (1) April 1, 2008 Page: 1 of 2 

# - Page 27.1.2 (1)

### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram FIGURE 27.12.11.2 IMPROVE CAB1 AND LIBBY COURTHOUSE ANNEX SITE LOCATIONS

Replaces Page: Dated:

. April 1, 2008 Page: 2 of 2 Page 27.1 .2 (2)

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 

### 27.1.3 List of Tables Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram

TABLE 27.10.2A

TABLE 27.10.2B

TABLE 27.10.2C TABLE 27.10.2D

TABLE 27.10.2E

TABLE 27.10.5A TABLE 27.10.5B TABLE 27.10.7A TABLE 27.10.7B

TABLE 27.10.7C

TABLE 27.10.7D

TABLE 27.10.7E LIBBYTOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE DATAANNUAL ARITHMETIC AVERAGE

### (~g/m3) LIBBYTOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE DATA MAXIMUM 24-HOUR CONCENTRATION**(~g/m3)** 

### DESCRIPTION OF LINCOLN COUNTY COURTHOUSE SITE SUMMARY OF PM-10 CONCENTRATIONSATTHE LINCOLN COUNTY COURTHOUSE SITE EXPECTED PM-10 EXCEEDANCES ATTHE LINCOLN COUNTY COURTHOUSE SITE BREAKDOWN OF 20 HIGHEST PM-10 EMISSION GRIDS



# - PM-10 EMISSIONS BY QUARTER (TONS BYACTIVITY) COMPARISON WITH ALL CATEGORIES IDENTIFIED STUDY PERIOD COMPARISON OF OPTICALAND CMB STUDIES SEASONAL COMPARISON BETWEEN THE OPTICALAND CMB STUDIES DAILY COMPARISON FOR THE OPTICALAND CMB STUDIES EMISSION INVENTORY I CMB COMPARISONS FOR STUDY PERIOD

Dated: November 15, 1991 Replaces Page: 27.1.3 (1) April 1, 2008 Page: 1 of 3 

# - Page 27.1.3 (1)

### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram TABLE 27.10.7F SEASONAL COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CHEMICAL MASS BALANCE STUDYAND THE EMISSION INVENTORY TABLE 27.10.7G SEASONAL COMPARISON BETWEEN CMB STUDYAND EMISSION INVENTORY FOR MAJOR CATEGORIES TABLE 27.10.7H COMPARISON OF SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AS DETERMINED BY THE OPTICAL STUDY, CMB STUDYAND EMISSION INVENTORY FOR LIBBY TABLE 27.10.71 SEASONAL COMPARISON BETWEEN THE OPTICAL STUDY, CMB STUDY, AND EMISSION INVENTORY FOR LIBBY TABLE 27.10.8A PM-10 DATA (\-Ig/m3) 

### USED IN ANNUAL DESIGN CONCENTRATION DETERMINATION TABLE 27.10.8B PM-10 CONCENTRATIONS (\-Ig/m3) 

### USED IN 24-HOUR DESIGN CONCENTRATION DETERMINATION TABLE 27.10.10.1A CHANGE IN TYPE OF WOOD BURNING DEVICE 1988 TO 1998 TABLE 27.10.15A CONTROL STRATEGY CREDITS TABLE 27.10.15.1A 24-HOUR BACKGROUND SOURCEAPPORTIONMENT TABLE 27.10.15.1B ANNUAL BACKGROUND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT TABLE 27.10.15.2A LIBBY 24-HOUR DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE TABLE 27.10.15.3A LIBBYANNUAL DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE TABLE 27.12.4 AVERAGE LIBBY 14

### C RESULTS (11/11/03

­ 2/27104)



### Dated: November 15, 1991 Replaces Page: 27.1.3 (2) April 1, 2008 Page: 2 of 3 Page 27.1.3 (2)

### Volume III Cha ter 27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram TABLE 27.12.11.2 WESTERN MONTANA IMPROVE SITES' ANNUAL AVERAGES TABLE 27.12.11.3A CALCULATED SEASONAL PM2
.5DESIGN VALUES TABLE 27.12.11.3B CALCULATED SEASONAL PM2
.5BACKGROUND VALUES TABLE 27.12.11.3C WINTER SEASON ROLLBACK DATA TABLE 27.12.11.4A LINCOLN COUNTY POPULATION AND HOUSING UNITS 2000
- 2010 TABLE 27.12.11.4B PM2.5 ANNUAL DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE

Replaces Page: Dated: April 1, 2008 Page: 3 of 3 Page 27.1.3 (3) 

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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.9.1 Local Regulations The implementation, administration, and enforcement of the following local regulations constitute the Lincoln CountyAir Pollution Control Program.

Dated: February 1, 1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (1) March 23, 2006 Page: 1 of 18 Page 27.9.1 (1)

### Volume III Cha ter 27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT REGULATIONS CHAPTER 1: Control ofAir Pollution (Revised 27 February 2006)

SUBCHAPTER 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS 75.1.101 INTENT: The purpose ofthis chapter is to achieve and maintain such levels ofair quality as will protect human health and safety and, to the greatest degree practicable, prevent injury to plant and animal life and property, and facilitate the enjoyment ofthe natural attractions of Lincoln County. 75.1.102: SCOPE: Unless otherwise indicated, the rules ofChapter 1apply to activities and sources within the Air Pollution Control District. 75.1.103 DEFINITIONS: As used in this chapter, unless indicated otherwise, the following definitions apply: (1) "Air Contaminant" means dust. ash, fumes, gas, mist, smoke, vapor or any particulate matterora combination thereof present in the outdoor atmosphere. (2) "Air Pollution Control District" means the geographical area designated on the attached map and as defined by the following Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates: Begin, 600000mE, 5370000mN; eastto 620000mE, 5370000mN; south to 620000mE, 5340000mN; west to 600000mE, 5340000mN; north to 600000mE, 5370000mN. (3) "Department" means the Lincoln County Environmental Health Department. (4) "DEQ" means the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. (5) "Emission" means a release into the outdooratmosphere ofan aircontaminant. (6) "EPA" means the US Environmental Protection Agency. (7) "MAAQS" means Montana AmbientAir Quality Standards. (8) "NAAQS" means National AmbientAirQuality Standards. (9) "Person" means an individual, a partnership, a firm, an association, a municipality, a public or private corporation, the state ora subdivision oragency ofthe state, atrust, an estate, an interstate body, the federal governmentoran agency ofthe federal government, orany other legal entity and includes persons resident in Canada. (10) "PM10" means particulate matterwith an aerodynamic diameterof less than orequal to a nominal 10 micrometers. (11) "PM2.5" means particulate matterwith an aerodynamic diameterofless than orequal to a nominal 2.5 micrometers.



### Dated: February 1, 1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (2) March 23, 2006 Page: 2 of 18 

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### Volume III

,•...,.. 

### Cha ter 27 STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 75.1.104 SELECTION & IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTINGENCY MEASURE PROGRAMS: (1) Upon notification by DEQ or EPA that the Air Pollution Control District has failed to attain NAAQS/MAAQS or make reasonable further progress in reducing emissions, the Departmentshall determine the source(s) contributing to the violation and designate the associated contingency measure(s) to be implemented. The Departmentshall identify sources ofcontribution based upon documented observations ofemission sources and corresponding EPA reference method monitoring data. (2) Unless otherwise prohibited by Section 75.1.104(2)(d), and within 60 days of notification from DEQ or EPA, the Department shall implementthe following contingency measure(s) to reduce emissions from a source(s) identified as a contributor. (a) If residential wood burning is determined to be a contributing source, the Departmentshall implement Section 75.1.208. (b) If re-entrained dust is determined to be a contributing source, the Department shall implement Section 75.1.307. (c) Ifindustrial facility emissions are determined to be a contributing source, DEQ shall initiate contingency measures to reduce emissions. (d) The Departmentshall address failure to attain NAAQS orto make reasonable further progress in reducing emissions attributable to natural events or impacts generating activities occurring outside state or localjurisdictional control according to EPA policy while initiating interim contingency measures atthe local level. (e) Ifno emission source(s) can be identified as a contributor, the Departmentshall conduct a comprehensive review, including chemical and microscopicfilter analysis. Until such time as the review and analyses have been completed, the Department shall implementat least one of the above contingency measures on an interim basis. Any selected interim contingency measure(s) shall remain in effect until the Department completes a comprehensive review and determineswhether a permanent contingency measure is necessary. (3) Early voluntary implementation ofa contingency measure shall not result in a requirement to develop additional moderate area contingency measures ifthe area laterfails to attain the NAAQS/MAAQS or make reasonable further progress in reducing emissions. However, redesignation could necessitate additional control measures including BestAvailable Control Measures (BACM), BestAvailable Control Technology (BACT) and/oradditional contingency measures. 75.1.105 ENFORCEABILITY: The provisions ofthe regulations in this ordinance are enforceable by the Lincoln County Environmental Health Department authorities and/or appropriate lawenforcementofficials.



### Dated: February 1, 1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (3) March 23, 2006 Page: 3 of 18 Page 27.9.1 (3)

### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram
75.1.106 CONFLICT OF ORDINANCES: (1) In any case where a provision ofthese regulations is found to be in conflictwith a provision ofany zoning, building, fire, safety or health ordinance orcode ofany City of, Town of, orofthe Countyof Lincoln, the provision which, in the judgment ofthe Health Officer, established the higherstandard forthe promotion and protection ofthe health and safety ofthe people shall prevail. (2) Ifany portion ofthese regulations should be declared invalid for any reason whatsoever, such decision shall notaffect thevalidity ofthe remaining portion(s) ofthe ordinance and such portions shall remain in full force and effect.

SUBCHAPTER2: SOLID FUEL BURNING DEVICE REGULATIONS 75.1.201 INTENT: (1) A regulation reducing the levels of particulate air pollutants to or below levels ofthe NAAQS/MAAQS. (2) This regulation is necessaryto preserve, protect, improve, achieve and maintain such levels ofair quality aswill protectthe health and welfare ofthe citizens of Lincoln County. 75.1.202 SCOPE AND EFFECTIVE DATE: (1) This regulation appliesto all persons, agencies, institutions, businesses, industriesorgovernment entities living in or located within the Air Pollution Control Districtexcept for sources exemptfrom local regulation under 75-2-301(5), MCA. (2) The effective date ofthis sub-chapter is January 1, 2007. 75.1.203 DEFINITIONS: As used in this subchapter, unless indicated otherwise, the following definitions apply: (1) "Opacity" means a measurementofvisible emissions defined asthe degree expressed in percent towhich emissions reduce the transmission of light and obscure theview ofan object in the background. (2) "Operating Permit" means a permit issued bythe Departmentthatallowsthe useofa solid fuel burning devicewithin the boundaries ofthe Air Pollution Control District. (3) "Pellet Fuel Burning Device" means a solid fuel burning devicethat burns only automaticallyfed biomass, pelletized fuels. (4) "Solid Fuel Burning Device" meansany fireplace, fireplace insert, wood stove, pellet stove, pellet furnace, wood burning heater, wood-fired boiler, wood orcoal-fired furnace, coal stove, orsimilardevice burning any solid fuel used for aesthetic, cooking or heating purposes which has a rated capacity of less than 1,000,000 BTU's per hour. (5) "Standard Catalytic Device" means a solid fuel burning devicewith a catalytic emissions control system that has been certified by EPA test method as having emissions <4.1 grams/hour.



### Dated: February 1,1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (4) March 23, 2006 Page: 4 of 18 Page 27.9.1 (4)

### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (6) "Standard Non-Catalytic Device" means a solid fuel burning devicewith a non-catalytic emissions control system that has been certified by EPAtest method as having emissions <7.5 grams/hour. 75.1.204 OPERATING & EMISSION LIMITS: (1) No person may install oroperate any type ofsolid fuel burning device without a valid Operating Permit issued by the Department. (2) No person may burn any material in a solid fuel burning device except uncolored newspaper, untreated wood and lumber, and products manufactured forthe sole purpose ofuse as a solid fuel. Products manufactured or processed for use as solid fuels mustconform to any otherapplicable provisions ofthis subchapter. (3) In the absence ofan Air Pollution Alert, no person operating a solid fuel burning device may cause orallowthe discharge ofvisible emissions greaterthan twenty percent opacity. The provisions ofthis section do not applyto visible emissions during the building ofa newfire, for a period or periods aggregating no more than twenty minutes in any four-hour period. (4) During an Air Pollution Alert, no person operating a solid fuel burning device that is permitted for use during an Alert may cause or allowthe discharge ofvisible emissions greaterthan ten percent opacity. The provisions ofthis subsection shall notapply during the building ofa newfire, for a period or periods aggregating no more than twenty minutes in any four-hour period. No person may operate a standard catalytic or non-catalytic solid fuel burning device during an Air Pollution Alert. 75.1.205 SOLID FUEL BURNING DEVICE PERMITS: (1) Priorto installing oroperating a solid fuel burning device in any residential orcommercial property, 

# - a person shall apply to the Departmentfor a permit and provide the following information: the owner/operatorofthe device; contact information for the device owner/operator; location ofthe device; device manufacturer & model; type ofdevice (rating); and any other relevant information for the Departmentto determinewhether itsatisfies the reqUirements ofthis regulation. (2) The Department may issue Operating Permits forthefollowing types ofsolid fuel burning devices: (a) Standard catalytic devices. The Department may issue an Operating Permit fora catalytic solid fuel burning device. Standard catalytic devices may not be operated during an Air Pollution Alert. Implementation ofthe contingency measure in 75.1.208 would automatically invalidate the operating permitfor this type ofdevice.

.



### Dated: February 1,1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (5) March 23, 2006 Page: 5 of 18 Page 27.9.1 (5)

### Volume III Cha ter 27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (b) Standard non-catalyticdevices. The Department may issue an Operating Permit for a non-catalytic solid fuel burning device. Standard non-catalytic devices may not be operated during an Air Pollution Alert. Implementation ofthe contingency measure in 75.1.208would automatically invalidate the operating permit for this type ofdevice. (c) Pelletfuel burning devices. The Department may issue an operating permit for a biomass pellet fuel burning device. Pellet fuel burning devices may be operated during an Air Pollution Alert. Implementation ofthe contingency measure in 75.1.208 would not invalidate the operating permitfor this type ofdevice. (3) Unless otherwise invalidated by implementation ofa contingency measure orfuture changes in solid fuel burning device regulations, Operating Permits are valid until the named owner/operator changes orthe device is removed or modified in any way. Permits may not be transferred from person to person or from place to place. (4) An Operating Permit for a solid fuel burning device may be revoked by the Department for noncompliance with these regulations orOperating Permit conditions. 75.1.206 AIR POLLUTION ALERTS: (1) The Department may declare an Air Pollution Alert to be in effectwhenever ambient PM concentrations, as averaged over a four hour period, exceed a level 20 percent below any state orfederal ambient24-hourstandard established for particulate matter; and when scientific and meteorological data indicate the average concentrations will remain at orabove these levels overthe next24 hours. (2) The Department may also declare an Air Pollution Alert to be in effectwhenever scientific and meteorological data indicate thatthe ambient PM concentrations over any four-hour period within the next 

# - twenty-four hours may reasonably be expected to exceed a level 20 percent below any state orfederal ambient 24-hourstandard established for particUlate matter. (3) No person shall be subjectto any violation of75.1.204(4) for three hours afterthe Department declares an Air Pollution Alert and makes that information reasonably available to the**publi~.** 75.1.207 PENALTVASSESSMENTS: (1) The Departmentshall issue a "Notice ofViolation" for any documented violation. Thefirst notice ofviolation issued is a warning to the violator and will include educational and compliance information on air pollution regUlations. (2) Fora second and any subsequentviolations, the Department shall process each notice of violation for a Civil PenaltyAssessment of$25.00 per violation. (3) No person orentity may be cited for aviolation more than once in any calendar day. However, the Department may issue a notice ofviolation for each calendardayofviolation and each such notice is considered as a separateviolation.



### Dated: February 1, 1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (6) March 23, 2006 Page: 6 of 18 -. 

### Page 27.9.1 (6)

### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 75.1.208 CONTINGENCY MEASURES: (1) Ifcompliance with NAAQS/MAAQS are not achieved orcompliance levels are not maintained, and the Department determinesthat solid fuel burning device emissions are a contributor to non-compliance, the Department shall implementthe following control measure: (a). No person may operate a solid fuel burning device except a biomass pelletfuel burning devicewith a valid operating permit issued by the Department.
SUBCHAPTER 3: DUST CONTROL REGULATIONS: Control Measures For Roads, Parking Lots And Commercial Lots 75.1.301 INTENT: Regulations enacting an emission control plan within the Air Pollution Control District to meet NAAQS for particulate matter by requiring dust abatementand control. 75.1.302 SCOPE & EFFECTIVE DATE: (1) This regUlation applies to all persons, agencies, institutions, businesses, industries or government entities living in or locatedwithin the "Regulated Road Sanding and Sweeping District." (2) The effective date ofthis subchapter is January 1, 2007. 75.1.303 DEFINITIONS: As used in this subchapter, unless indicated otherwise, the following definitions apply: (1) "Areas of Public Safety Concern" means specific areas that may include, but are not necessarily limited to: roadways with steep grade hills; roadways around public school facilities; and parking areasfor medical, senior or public school facilities. (2) "CommercialYard/Lot" means a parcel of land located offthe public right-of-waywith uses that may include, butare not necessarily limited to, logging yards, bus lots, store and shopping parking areas, construction firms, trucking/transportation firms, and industrial facility sites. (3) "Emergency Situation" meansa situation when: (a) Liquid de-icing agents and/or de-icing salts become unavailable dueto circumstances beyond the control ofthe person, governmentorprivate entity maintaining a roadway, alley, parking lot orcommercial yardllotor; (b) dueto extremeweatherconditions, or hazardous roadways, liquid de-icing agents and/or de-icing salts do not provide adequate traction for public safety.



### Dated: February 1, 1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (7) March 23, 2006 Page: 7 of 18 Page 27.9.1 (7)

### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (4) "Parking Lot" means a parcel of land located offofthe public right-of-way which is not less than 5,000 square feet in size and which is primarily used forthe temporary storage of motorvehicles. A parking lot as used in this regulation does not include lots forthe storage ofspecial mobile equipmentas defined in 61-1-101(59), MCA. (5) "Prioritized Street Sweeping and Flushing" means a schedule ofstreet sweeping and/orflushing which cleans streetswith the highesttraffic volumes first and proceeds in descending order oftraffic volume to streetswith the lowesttraffic volume. When all ice-free streets have been cleaned the cycle is immediately repeated. (6) "ReasonablyAvailable Control Technology" means (a) During winter, prioritized streetsweeping and flushing ofstreetswith accumulated carry-on or applied materials shall commence on the firstworking day afterthe roadbed becomes ice-free and temperatures remain above freezing. (b) During summer, street sweeping and/orflushing which is accomplished on an as-needed basis to remove any accumulated carry-on orapplied materials, with priority given to streets with the highesttraffic volumes. (7) "Regulated Road Sanding and Sweeping District" means the geographical area designated by the attached map, wherein the regulations ofthis sub-chapter apply, and defined asfollows: Pointof beginning: intersection of Pipe Creek Road and Highway 37 North, follow Highway 37 south to Thomas Road then west-northwestalong the Kootenai Riverto the westend ofJay-Effar Road; then westsouthwest across Highway 2 to Parsnix Way; then south-southeast along the base ofthe foothills, crossing Flower Creek Road and Main Avenue, to Reese court; then south along Cabinet Heights Road and Westgate to Snowshoe Road; then North-northeaston Shaughnessy Road to Highway 2; then eastto 

# - Libby Creek; then north following the streambank of Libby Creekto the Kootenai River; then westnorthwestalong the Kootenai River to Highway 37; then north on Highway 37 to the point of beginning. (8) "Road" means any road oralleywhich is greaterthan 50-feet in length and which has or is projected to have an average trafficvolume greaterthan 50 vehicles perday. (9) "Summer" means the months ofMay, June, July, August, Septemberand October. (10) "Winter" means the months of November, December, January, February, March and April. 75.1.304 LIMITATION ON USE AND ON APPLICATION OF MATERIALS: (1) No person may allowvehicularoperation on any road, parking lot orcommercial yard/lotthat is not paved orotherwise surfaced ortreated to preventvehicularcarry-on and wind-borne entrainment of dust.



### Dated: February 1, 1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (8)

.March 23, 2006 Page: 8 of 18 Page 27.9.1 (8)

### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (a) Ifan emergency situation arises that requires vehicular operation in/on an untreated area, the Department may authorize utilization ofthe area during the course ofthe emergency provided alternative methods are implemented to minimize carry-on or entrainment. (2) With the exception of"Emergency Situations" and "Areas of Public Safety Concern", sanding materials may not be applied. Only liqUid de-icing agents and/or de-icing salts may be used on roads, parking lots and commercial yards/lots. (3) No person may place any sanding orchip seal material on any road, parking lot orcommercial yardllotwhich has a durability, as defined by the Montana Modified LAAbrasion Test, ofgreaterthan 7, and a fines content ofmaterial smallerthan 200 mesh, as determined by standard wet sieving methods, thatexceeds 3 percent oven dryweight. (4) A person, priorto application, shall test materials proposed for use as sanding or chip seal material and providethe Department laboratorytest data demonstrating thatthe material meets the specified requirements for durability and fines content. 75.1.305 STREET SWEEPING & FLUSHING: (1) Any person responsible for the maintenance ofa road shall implementand maintain a schedule of prioritized streetsweeping and flushing. (2) Reasonably available control technology shall be utilized to assure timely removal ofcarry-on or applied accumulations from all roads. 75.1.306 SPECIFIC MEASURES FOR COMMERCIALYARDS/LOTS:

- (1) Operators ofall commercial yards/lots shall implement measures to prevent the collection and deposition ofdustfrom eqUipmentwheels and chassis. (2) Operators ofall commercial yardsllots shall implementdustsuppression measures (chemical dust suppressants, dustoiling, watering, etc.) in bare, undeveloped areas ofthe property(ies) to eliminate fugitive air-born dust. (3) Operators ofall commercial yards/lots shall clean carry-on material generated from theirfacility from adjoining roadways in a timely manner. 75.1.307 CON·r1NGENCY MEASURES: (1) Ifcompliance with NAAQS is notachieved orcompliance levels are not maintained, and the Departmentdetermines that re-entrained dust emissions contribute to non-compliance, the Department shall implementthe following control measure: (a) The Regulated Road Sanding and Sweeping District shall be extended to the boundaries ofthe Air Pollution Control District. (b) Control measures in place for the RegUlated Road Sanding and Sweeping District shall applythroughout the entire Air Pollution Control District. 75.1.308 MATERIALSAPPLICATION OUTSIDE THE DISTRICT: (1) For all areas ofthe Air Pollution Control Districtthat lie outside ofthe Regulated Sanding and Sweeping District, each person orgovernmentor private entity is strongly



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### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA Subject: Lincoln County 

# -. AIR QUALITY CONTROL Air Pollution IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Control Pro ram encouraged to reduce the amount ofsanding materials applied, taking into consideration public safety and air quality. (2) Outlying areas and lowtrafficvolume roads should have a low priority. (3) Residential areas may receive less sanding material because of lower speeds. (4) Adding salt compounds to conventional sanding materials reduces the total amount ofsand applied. (5) Vehicles used for winter driving should be equipped with winter tires ortraction devices.
SUBCHAPTER 4: OUTDOOR BURNING REGULATIONS 75.1.401 INTENT: (1) Local geographic features and concentrations of populations in Libby and the immediate surrounding area necessitate rules and regulations concerning the outdoor burning ofwaste materials. (2) Experience has demonstrated that air quality degradation and public health problems are often associated with the improper burning ofwaste materials in both urban and suburban areas. (3) The purpose ofthis regulation is to improve air quality and meet NAAQS/MAAQS for particulate matter by restricting non-essential outdoor burning, promoting alternative disposal methods and recycling, and setting standards to minimize emissions when outdoor burning is required. 75.1.402: SCOPE AND EFFECTIVE DATE: (1) This regulation applies to all persons, agencies, institutions, businesses, industries orgovernment
- entities living in or located within the boundaries ofthe Air Pollution Control District and ImpactZone Land to all licensed landfills within the boundaries of Lincoln County. (2) The effective date ofthis sub-chapter is April 15, 2006. 75.1.403 DEFINITIONS: (1) "BestAvailable Control Technology" (BACT) means those techniques and methods ofcontrolling emissions of pollutants from an existing or proposed outdoor burning source which limitthose emissions to the maximum degree which the Department determines, on a case-by-case basis, is achievable forthat source, taking into account impacts on energy use, the environment, and the economy, and any other costs, including costto the source. Such techniques and methods may include the following: scheduling of burning during periods and seasons ofgood ventilation; applying dispersion forecasts; utilizing predictive modeling results performed by and available from DEQ to minimize smoke impacts; limiting the amountof burning to be performed during anyonetime; using ignition and



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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram burning techniques which minimize smoke production; selecting fuel preparation methods thatwill minimize dirt and moisture content; promoting fuel configurations which create an adequate airto fuel ratio; prioritizing burns as to air quality impactand assigning control techniques accordingly; promoting alternative treatments and uses ofmaterials to be burned; and selecting sitesthatwill minimize smoke impacts. BACTfor all residential and managementoutdoor burning includes burning only as authorized by and during the time periods specified by the Department. (2) "Bonfire" means a ceremonial fire orsmall recreational fire, in which the materials burned are cordwood or clean untreated dimensionalwood and which is conducted by an educational, fraternal or religious organization forthe purpose ofcelebrating a particularorganization-related event orfora social gathering, picnic, campout, fireside singalong, etc. (3) "Christmas Tree Waste" meanswood waste from commercially grown Christmas trees left in the field where the trees were grown, after harvesting and on-site processing. (4) "Conditional Open Burning Permit" means a permit issued to conduct outdoor burning ata licensed landfill. (5) "Emergency outdoor burning" means an event beyond individual control that necessitates the use ofoutdoor burning in orderto dispose ofa substance that poses an immediatethreatto public health and safety, or plant oranimal life, and forwhich no alternative method ofdisposal is reasonably available. (6) "ImpactZone L" means all ofthe land within the following boundaries: Beginning at Kootenai Falls, going southeastto Scenery Mountain, then south to Indian Head, then south to Treasure Mountain, then south to Mount Snowy, then eastto Double N Lake, then across Highway 2 going northeastto McMillan Mountain, then north to Swede Mountain, then northeastacross Highway 37 to the Vermiculite

- Mine, then westto Sheldon Mountain, then west-northwestto Flagstaff Mountain, then southwestto Kootenai Falls, the pointof beginning. (7) "Libby Outdoor Burning Control Area" means all ofthe land included with the boundaries ofthe Air Pollution Control District and ImpactZone L, including the City of Libby. (8) "Licensed Landfill" means a solid waste disposal site that is licensed for operation by DEQ. (9) "Licensed Landfill Outdoor Burning" means burning ata licensed landfill pursuantto a conditional outdoor burning permit. (10) "Major Open Burning Source" meansany person, agency, institution, business or industry conducting any outdoor burning that, on a statewide basis, will emit more than 500 tons percalendaryear ofcarbon monoxide or 50 tons percalendaryear ofany other pollutant regUlated underARM 17.8.101 et seq., except hydrocarbons.



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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 

# -, Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (11) "Management Burning" means any person, agency, institution, business or industry conducting any outdoor burning forany purpose except residential burning, including forestry/wildlife management, licensed landfill management, firefighter training exercises, commercial film productions, orfuel hazard reduction which is designated as necessary by a fire protection agency. (12) "Outdoor Burning" meansthe combustion ofany material directly in the open airwithout a receptacle, or in a receptacle otherthan a furnace, multiple chambered incinerator, orwood waste burner, with the exception of unexploded ordnance, small recreational fires (inclUding bonfires), construction site heating devices used to warm workers, orsafetyflares used to combust ordispose of hazardous ortoxic gases at industrial facilities, such as refineries, gas sweetening plants, oil and gaswells, sulfur recovery plants orelemental phosphorus plants. (13) "Residential Burning" means any outdoor burning conducted on a residential, farm or ranch property to dispose ofvegetative wastes. (14) "Salvage operation" means any operation conducted in whole or in partto salvage or reclaim any product or material, exceptthe silvicultural practice commonly referred to as a salvage cut. (15) "Tradewastes" means solid, liquid orgaseous material resulting from construction oroperation of any business, trade, industry ordemolition project. Wood product industrywastes such as sawdust, bark, peelings, chips, shavings, branches, limbs and cull wood are considered tradewastes. Trade wastes do not include Christmas tree waste orwastes generallydisposed ofby residential outdoor burning or managementoutdoor burning, as defined in these regulations. 75.1.404 OUTDOOR BURNING CONTROL AREAS: (1) Outdoor burning regulations shall applyto all outdoor burning activitieswithin the boundaries of 

# - the Air Pollution Control Districtand/or ImpactZone L. The Department may issue restrictions and prohibit outdoor burning activitieswithin these boundaries. (2) Restrictions and permitting regulations for Licensed landfills shall apply throughoutthe boundaries of Lincoln County. 75.1.405 PROHIBITED MATERIALS & ACTIVITIES: (1) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 261, which identifies and defines hazardous wastes, is hereby incorporated by reference. (2) Exceptas specifically prOVided underARM 17.8.604for firefighter training, commercial film production and licensed landfills; the following materials may not be disposed of by outdoor burning: (a) anywaste moved from the premiseswhere itwas generated; (b) food wastes; (c) styrofoam and other plastics; (d) wastes generating noxious odors;



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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (e) wood and wood by-products that have been treated, coated, painted, stained, or contaminated by aforeign material, such as papers, cardboard, or painted or stained wood; (f) poultry litter; (g) animal droppings; (h) dead animals or dead animal parts; (i) tires;

. 0) rubber materials; (k) asphalt shingles; (I) tar paper; (m) automobile or aircraft bodies and interiors; (n) insulated wire; (0) oil or petroleum products; (p) treated lumber and timbers; (q) pathogenic wastes; (r) hazardous wastes as defined by 40 CFR Part 261; (s) trade wastes; (t) any materials resulting from asalvage operation; (u) chemicals; (v) Christmastree waste; (w) asbestos or asbestos-containing materials; (x) standing or demolished structures; and (y) paint. (3) The burning ofstumps, the burning ofgrass clippings and leaves, and overnight smoldering of burns is prohibited. (4) Burning on any city or county street, road or alley is prohibited. (5) The use ofburn barrels, orother unapproved devices, is prohibited. 75.1.406 OUTDOOR BURNING PERIODS: Various types ofoutdoor burning activities are limited to the following time periods: (1) Residential burning
- April 1 throughApril 30: (a) Residential Outdoor Burning may be conducted during the month ofApril. (b) In the event ofunduly wet orWintry weather conditions during the month ofApril, the Department may extend the residential burning season into the month of May. (c) No person may conduct residential outdoor burning atany othertime during the year. (2) Management Burning
- April 1through October31: (a) Management burns may be conducted throughoutthe management burning season of April 1through October 31.



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### Volume "' Cha ter 27 

# -

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (3) Closed Burning Periods
- November 1through March 31: (a) No person may conduct outdoor burning during the months of November, December, January, February and March. (b) The Department may authorize exceptions for emergency outdoor burning after receiving the following information: (i) facts establishing that alternative methods ofdisposing ofthe substance are not reasonably available; (ii) facts establishing that the substance to be burned poses an immediate threat to human health and safety or plant or animal life; (iii) the legal description or address ofthe site where the burn will occur; (iv) the amount ofmaterial to be burned; (v) the date and time ofthe proposed burn; and (vi) the date and time that the spill or incident giving rise to the emergency was first noticed. (c) Management burning in closed burning periods may be conducted based on a written demonstration ofneed from afire protection agency and approval from the Department prior to each ignition. 75.1.407 GENERAL COMPLIANCE & PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS: (1) Outdoor burning is allowed only on days with good ventilation/dispersion forecasts. The Departmentwill make this determination based on available interagency meteorological information and local ambient particulate concentrations.
­ (2) All residential burners shall apply for and receive an Air Quality Permit from the Department prior

. to initiating any outdoor burn. (3) All burners shall apply for and receive any necessaryfire permit(s) from thejurisdictional fire protection agency prior to initiating any burn. (4) All burners shall use alternative disposal methodswhen reasonably available. (5) All burners shall utilize BACT. (6) All residential burners shall call the Air Quality Hotline at 293-5644 prior to ignition and comply with established burning hours and any burning bans or other announced restrictions. (7) All management burners shall contactthe Department and receive approval prior to ignition ofa planned burn. The Department may authorize, restrict, or prohibit proposed burns after reviewing meteorological dispersion forecasts and local conditions. (8) Prior to conducting any outdoor burning, all major open burning sources shall apply for and receive an air quality major open burning permitpursuant to ARM 17.8.610.



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### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 75.1.408 SPECIAL COMPLIANCE &PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS: (1) FirefighterTraining: (a) Prior to conducting outdoor burning sessions as part oftheir training program, Fire Departments shall apply for and receive a FirefighterTraining Permit issued by DEQ. (b) Any person planning FirefighterTraining outdoor burning shall contactthe Department and receive approval priorto conducting the training burn. The Department may authorize, restrict, or prohibit proposed burns after reviewing meteorological dispersion forecasts and local conditions. (c) Any person planning Firefightertraining outdoor burning shall provide atleastthree weeks advance noticeto all residents within a 1/4-mileorfour-block radius ofthe proposed training site. The Department and County Health Officer shall evaluate any concerns aboutenvironmental or health impacts presented by surrounding residents priorto authorization ordenial ofthe outdoor burning. (2) Commercial Film Production Burns: (a) Anyone planning to conductCommercial Film Production outdoor burning shall apply for and receive a Commercial Film Production Permit issued by DEQ. (b) Anyone planning Commercial Film Production outdoor burning shall contactthe Department and receive approval prior to conducting outdoor burning. The Department may authorize, restrict, or prohibit proposed burns after reviewing meteorological dispersion forecasts and local conditions. (3) Fuel Hazard Reduction: (a) Any proposed burn for fuel hazard reduction must be designated as necessary by a fire protection agency. (b) Anyone planning Fuel Hazard Reduction outdoor burning shall contactthe Department and receive approval priorto conducting outdoor burning. The Department may authorize, restrict, or prohibit proposed burns after reviewing meteorological dispersion forecasts and local conditions. (4) Licensed Landfill Burns: (a) All licensed landfillswithin the boundaries of Lincoln County must: (i) Have an approved burn site, as designated in the solid Waste Management System License issued by the DEQ, pursuantto ARM Title 17, chapter 50, subchapter5, before a Conditional Air Quality Open Burning permit may be issued. (ii) Obtain a Conditional AirQuality Outdoor Burning Permitfrom the Department before burning. A new permit mustbe obtained for each burn. (iii) Comply with all conditions ofthe permit. (b) No licensed landfill within the boundaries of Lincoln County shall cause orallowthe burning ofuntreated wood waste unless they have first applied forand received a permitfor such outdoor burning from the Department.



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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (c) The Department may issue a conditional air quality open burning permit ifthe Department determines that: (i) alternative methods ofdisposal would result in extreme economic hardship to the applicant; and (ii) emissions from open burning will not endanger public health orwelfare orcause orcontribute to aviolation ofany NAAQS/MAAQS. (d) The Department must be reasonable when determining whether alternative methods of disposal would result in extreme economic hardship to the applicant. (e) Conditional outdoor burning mustconform with BACT. (f) The Department may issue a conditional air quality outdoor permitto dispose of untreated wood waste ata licensed landfill site, ifthe Department determines that: (i) the proposed open burning will occur atan approved burn site as designated in the solid waste management system license issued by DEQ pursuantto ARM title 17, chapter 50, subchapter 5; and (ii) priorto the issuance ofthe air quality open burning permit, the wood waste pile is inspected by the Departmentor its designated representative and no prohibited materials listed in 75.1.405(2), otherthan wood waste, are present. (g) A permit issued underthis rule is valid fora single burn of untreated wood waste at licensed landfill sites. A new permit must be obtained for each burn. (h) The Department may place any reasonable requirements in a conditional air quality open burning permit that it determineswill reduce emissions ofair pollutants or minimize the impact of emissions and the recipient ofa permit mustadhereto those conditions. 

# - (i) An application for a conditional air quality open burning permit must be made on a form provided by the Department. The applicant shall provide adequate information to enablethe Departmentto determinewhetherthe application satisfies the requirements for a conditional airquality open burning permit contained in this rule. Proofof publication of public notice, as required in section U) ofthis rule, must be submitted to the Department before an application will be considered complete. U) An applicantfor a conditional airquality open burning permit shall notifythe public ofthe application by legal publication, at least once, in a newspaper ofgeneral circulation in the area affected by the application. The notice must be published no soonerthan 10 days priorto submittal ofan application and no laterthan ten days aftersubmittal ofan application. Form of the notice must be provided by the Department and must include a statementthat public comments



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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram
may be submitted to the Department concerning the application within 20 days after publication of notice orfiling ofthe application, whichever is later. A single public notice may be published for multiple applications. (k) When the Departmentapproves ordenies the application for a permit under 75.1.408(4), a person who isjointly orseverally adversely affected by the decision may request a hearing before the Lincoln County Board of Health. The request for hearing must be filed within 15 days afterthe Department renders its decision and must include an affidavit setting forth the grounds for the request. The Department's decision on the application is notfinal unless 15 days have elapsed from the date ofthe decision and there is no requestfor a hearing under this section. The filing ofa requestfor a hearing postpones the effective date ofthe Department'sdecision until the conclusion ofthe hearing and issuance ofa final decision by the Lincoln County Board of Health. 75.1.409 PENALTY ASSESSMENTS: (1) Any person who violates any provision ofthese regulations orany provision ofany directive, action, permit, orapproval adopted pursuantto the authority granted by these regulations, except for intentional violations ofSection 75.1.405(2)(r), shall be, upon conviction, punished by a fine not less than $25 and not more than $200 for each offense. Violations ofSection 75.1.405(2)(r), burning hazardous wastes as defined by 40 CFR Part 261, shall be, upon conviction, punished by a fine notto exceed $10,000 per day per violation. (2) Each day ofviolation shall be considered a separate offense.



### Dated: February 1, 1996 Replaces Page: 27.9.1 (17)



# - March 23,2006 Page: 17 of 18 Page 27.9.1 (17)

### Volume III Cha ter 27 

# -

STATE OF MONTANA Subject: Lincoln County AIR QUALITY CONTROL Air Pollution IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Control Program



# -­ .._ *'1000 GClIlllO 12,.. -HilV'"'f**'''*~-'~AIWI-Z-L** o 2.800 5,000**PV'O~IAr-.CNtPla"'~OI;nIrI;Ill)~,",PV2~PU\CllllrmeI'Il""_ iPM1O~1'd'-** 



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### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12 LIBBY AND VICINITY PM2.5 

### CONTROL PLAN 

### 27.12.1 Area Description Libby is a small, rural community located in Lincoln County with a population of2,626 in 2000 (U.S. Census). The town is located in a narrow, triangularvalley created by the confluence ofLibby Creek and the Kootenai River. The Kootenai Valley runs eastand west in the vicinity of Libby with lesservalleys extending north and south along Pipe and Libby Creeks. Libby lies at an elevation of2,100 feetwith the surrounding mountains rising to over7,000 feet. Historically, agriculture and thetimber industry have been the economic basis forthe area. Libby is the county seat of Lincoln County - a large, rural county of3,613 square miles located in the northwestern corner ofMontana. The vast majority ofthe county is·forest land owned byeitherthe U.S. Forest Service or private timber companies. According to the 2000 U.S. census, the population of Lincoln County was 18,837.


# _. The population growth that is occurring is located mostlywithin the PM2.5 nonattainment

. area (NAA). Overthe ten-year period from 1990to 2000, the city of Libby's population

only grew 3.71%. Ifthat rate continued from 2000 to 2005, the city's population would be estimated at 2,674. Overthe ten-year period from 1990 to 2000, Lincoln County's population only grew7.76%. Ifthat rate continued from 2000 to 2005, the population of the 'LibbyValley' would be estimated at 9,484. Traffic and commuting patterns are localized, mostly concentrated within the Libby Valley itself. Those patterns are not expected to change. Climaticconditions and Libby's location in a deep mountain valley subjectthe communityto some ofthe poorest atmosphericdispersion in Montana. During the late fall, winter and early spring, winds are light or nonexistent. Temperature inversions are common and can lastfordays orweeks trapping particulate matter in the Libby Valley. Figure 27.12.1 illustrates the various LibbyAir Pollution Control Boundaries. Specifically, ImpactZone 

### "l"; PM 10 

### NAA; PM-10 control area; Air Pollution Control District; and the PM2.5 NAA.

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### Volume III Cha ter 27



# -

..

# - ..­**~_._---------------------** 

### Figure 27.12.1. Libby

### Air Pollution Control Boundaries PMl0CQrlTal

....



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April 1, 2008 Page: 2 of 2 Page 27.12.1 (2)Volume III 

# ,- Cha ter27 STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.2 Air Quality Monitoring In Lincoln County, ambient air monitoring is conducted using Federal Reference Method (FRM) PM2.5 samplers atthe CourthouseAnnex site in downtown Libby. The site is located at Latitude 48.3842, Longitude -115.5481, with an elevation of approximately 2,100feet. The monitoring began in January 1999 and the results have shown consistently high PM2
.5concentrations. This site has been assigned the identification number 30-053-0018 in EPA's national air quality database (AIRS). Data from the years 2001 to 2003 is illustrated in Figure 27.12.11.1 with the 3-year annual design value calculated to be 15.9 

### 1J9/m3. Thatvalue is a violation ofthe annual PM2.5 National AmbientAir Quality Standard (NMQS). The 3-year average ofthe 24-hour 98th percentile valuesforthe same time period is 44.7 

### IJg/m3, which was below the 1997 24-hr NMQS (65 

### IJg/m3 ) previously in existence at that time. In February 2002, DEQ initiated speciation monitoring at the Libby Courthouse Annex site to determine possible PM2.5 emission sources. The results identified organic carbon (OC) asthe main component ofthe wintertime PM2.5 samples. Potential OC emission sources in the area included industry, wood combustion and biogenic sources. Given the high OC percentage in the samples, the Stimson Lumber Mill (Libby's only major industrial source) was suspected ofbeing a major contributorto ambient PM2
.5.concentrations. However, ambient PM2.5 concentrations did notsignificantly decrease after Stimson ceased operations in December2002. Furtherambient monitoring was conducted from November2003 to February 2004 to determinethe geographic distribution of PM2
.5concentrations. Additional monitoring sites were established in various locations beyond Libby city limits for one month periods. These FRM monitors each collected samples on the same schedule asthe compliance FRM monitor atthe Libby CourthouseAnnex site. The sites were located within the two majorstream drainages ofthe Kootenai River and Libby Creek. The PM2.5 samples from these temporary sites were analyzed and compared to the PM2
.5 data collected atthe Libby CourthouseAnnex site in downtown Libby.

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..­ Page 27.12.2 (1)

### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram A meteorological station was also installed atthe Libby Courthouse Annex site to measure weather data parameters such as temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction. The results ofthe study indicated thatthe Libby Courthouse Annex site represented the worst-case ambient PM2.5 

### levels in the area and justified the selection ofthe Libby PM2.5 

### NAA boundary (70 FR 986 on January 5, 2005).



# -

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# ­Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.3 Chemical Mass Balance Study (CMB) During the winter of2003-2004, The University of Montana, Centerfor Environmental Health Sciences (UM-CEHS) conducted a PM2
.5CMS study in Libby. The goal ofthe CMS studywas to identifythose emission sources in the Libby area that contributed to elevated PM2
.5concentrations. Using chemical 'fingerprints' ofthe local and regional PM2.5 emission sources, and similar chemical analyses ofthe ambient samples as inputs to a computer program, a CMS model apportions the contributions of various emission sources back tothe measured PM2
.5concentrations in the ambient air. The PM2.5 chemical speciation sampler atthe Libby Courthouse Annex site measured the mass and chemical composition (including elements, ions and organic and elemental carbon) ofthe ambient aerosol every six days from November 11, 2003 through February 27,2004. A collocated FRM PM2
.5monitor used quartzfilters to collect particulate matterwhich was lateranalyzed for polar organic compounds, many ofwhich are signature chemical markers emitted by local sources in the Libby airshed. In addition, a high volume (hivol) polyurethane foam (PUF) monitorwas installed at the CourthouseAnnex site to collect samples that were lateranalyzed for polycyclic -"""­ aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. The majority ofthis information was used as data inputs to the CMS model. The average PM2.5 concentration measured during the CMS study was 28.2 1J9/m3, with the highest concentration (40.9 IJg/m3 ) sampled on January 16,2004. The CMS model runs indicated that emissions from residential wood combustion were the majorsource ofthe fine particles on the PM2
.5filters, averaging 82% during the CMS study period (Le., the winter months). This conclusion was also supported by the results ofthe polar organics and PAH sampling program, where many ofthe organic species with the highest measured concentrations were also signature chemical markers forwood combustion. Othercontributing PM2.5 sources identified bythe CMS model were automobile exhaust (7%), ammonium nitrate (5%), diesel exhaust (4%), and sulfate (2%). Figure 27.12.3 illustrates the CMS results.

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# - Page 27.12.3 (1)

### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN .-... 

### Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram

S04 I\JH4N03 5% Autos Street Sand 7% 0% Diesel**~---** 4%

Residential Wood Avg PM2.S: 28.2 ug/m3 Combustion 82% 2%



### Figure 

### 27.12.3 Libby PM2.5 eMS Model Results 

### (11/11/03

- 2/27/04) 

# -.

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### Volume III Cha ter 

### 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.4 Carbon 14 Study Results
4 

### Carbon 

### 14

# CC) 

### analyses conducted as part ofthe CMS study provided further evidence that wood combustion for space heating was the major source of PM2.5 emissions in Libby. The University ofArizona analyzed various Libby samples for 14

### C and the results indicatethat wood smoke emissions contributed an average of82% to the PM2
.5concentrations during the 2003-2004 CMS study.



### Table 27.12.4 Average Libby 14

### C Results (11/11/03

- 2/27/04) Sample 10 

### Modern Carbon Fraction Wood Smoke 

### (%) Wood Stove Source Profile 0.9825 

### 91 Oil-Fired Heater Profile 0.0984 9

Libby'''C Samples

- Avg. 0.8804 82

Source: Ward, Tony. The Libby, Montana PM25SourceApportionment Research Study, The University of Montana-Missoula, Centerfor Environmental Health Sciences, 2005, pg. 20.



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### 27.12.4 (1)Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.5 Libby 

### Base Year 

### PM2.5 Emission Inventory As part ofdeveloping the Libby PM2
. 5control plan, an emission inventory (EI) and technical supportdocuments were developed to quantifythefine particulate emissions from all sources in the Libby airshed. The EI objectives were:

• Accurately quantifythe actual PM2.5 emissions within the Libby NAA. • Apportion the actual PM2.5 emissions on a seasonal and annual basis. • Apportion the actual PM2
.5emissions on a point and area sources basis. Normally, the primary reason for inventorying emissions is to develop a database that can serve as inputs to an air pollution dispersion model. However, since dispersion modeling will not be utilized forthe Libby annual demonstration ofcompliance, the EI will support a "roll back" calculation for an emission control plan thatwill demonstrate attainment in Libbywith the annual PM2
.5NAAQS. DEQ used 2005 as the base yearforthe EI. Critical information such as activity levels for residential wood combustion, as well as other home and commercial fuel use in the
­ Libby NAAwas not available for2002; thus the EI was developed for2005. Thatyear was also when the State of Montana surveyed residents in the Libby NAA abouttheir wood burning usage as part ofthe Libby, MTWoodstove Changeout Program. Additionally, DEQ obtained otherfuel use data for home heating, and a CMS studywas conducted to determine the contribution ofvarious emission sources to the ambient PM2
.5concentrations.

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.6 Historical PM 10 

### Controls Libby was designated as nonattainmentfor PM 10 

### by operation of law on November 15, 1990 underauthority ofthe 1990 Clean AirAct (CAA) Amendments, Section 107 (d)(4)(B). Libby was classified as 'Moderate' on November6, 1991. The Libby PM 10 

### control plan was approved by EPA on August 30, 1994,59 FR 44627. The control plan focuses upon re-entrained road dust, outdoor burning, and residential wood stove emissions. The Lincoln County Environmental Health Department administers the local air pollution control regulations. These regulations are incorporated into the federally-approved PM 10 

### control plan (59 FR 44627 on August 30, 1994). PM 10 

### emissions were reduced through aggressive street sweeping and flushing, traction sand durability requirements, and implementation ofsolid fuel burning device (residential wood stove) regulations. Additional controls include federal programs designed to reduce tailpipe emissions from motorvehicle through engine controls and fuel specifications.

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SUbject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.7 PM2.5 

### Control Strategies The speciation monitoring data indicated that a large portion ofthe PM2
.5samples, especially in the wintertime, was organic carbon. Potential local sources oforganic carbon included biogenic emissions, condensable Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. Stimson Lumberwas the only large industrial source in Libby (hog fuel boilers & veneer dryers) butwhen they ceased operation in 2002 there was no appreciable effect on the ambient PM2.5 monitoring data. The ambient monitoring continued to indicate that PM2.5 concentrations were much higher in the winter months. That information, combined with the results ofthe 1987-1988 PM 10 CMS Source Apportionment study strongly suggested thatthe current wintertime PM2
.5problem stems from the combustion ofbiomass orfossil fuels for space heating. DEQ funded a follow-up CMS study in 2003-2004 and the results revealed the majority of PM2
. 5emissions came from wood combustion for space heating followed by motor vehicletailpipe emissions. Therefore, the PM2
.5control plan focuses on reducing emissions from wood burning from space heating (both residential and commercial) and

_ open burning, and the federal programs designed to reduce tailpipe emissions from motorvehicle through engine controls and fuel specifications.

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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.7.1 Space Heating Wood Combustion Control Program As part ofthe earlier PM 10 

### SIP, Lincoln County developed regulations to control emissions from wood burning devices used for space heating purposes. The regulations applied to wood burning in both residential and light commercial buildings but both types are commonly lumped together and referred to as residential wood combustion or RWC. Forthe PM2
.5 

### SIP, those original RWC regulations were enhanced and strengthened (see section 27.9.1). Some highlights ofthe revised regulations included:

• An episodic control (a.k.a. air pollution alert) program operated during the winter months. • No solid fuel burning devices (a.k.a. 'wood stoves') are allowed to be installed or operated within the Air Pollution Control District unless an operating permitfor each individual wood stove has been issued by the local air program. • Wood stove operating permits are only issued for EPA-certified wood stoves or pelletfuel burning devices

. .- • During air pollution alerts, only pellet fuel burning devices are allowed to operate. In addition to the RWC control regulations, Lincoln County, in conjunction with other government agencies and private business entitres, completed awood stove changeout program. From 2005 through 2007, the program swapped out approximately 1,130 uncertified wood burning devices for new, EPA-certified, low emissions wood stoves or pelletfuel burning devices. The uncertified wood burning devices were permanently removed from use by being recycled as scrap metal. The result ofthe changeout program was a reduction in PM2
.5 

### emissionsfrom approximately 138.78tons/yearto 57.21 tons/year, a decrease ofapproximately 59%. See section 27.12.11.3, PM2.5



### .Annual Demonstration ofCompliance.
Source: Cain, Cyra and James Carlin. libbyAnnual PM2.5 Standard Technical Support Document. Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena, 2007.



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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.7.2 Prescribed Burning Control Program Originally, any prescribed burning conducted within the Libby ImpactZone had to be approved by the Lincoln County Environmental Health Department. That requirement and the review process for prescribed burning controls have now been expanded to include both the original impact zone and the PM2.5 

### NAA. Since it is difficultto quantify emission reductions due to heightened scrutiny on every proposed prescribed burn, no control credits will be taken forthis program.



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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.7.3 Federal Tailpipe Standards Control Program As part ofthe Libby PM2
.5 control plan, DEQ could claim a small control credit for reductions resulting from existing federal tailpipe standards (not including those mandated bythe 1990 CAA) and projected fleetturnover rates. Emission reductions from existing federal tailpipe standards will continue overthe next several years dueto fleet turnover, which will result in lower PM2
.5emission rates. However, the 2004 Libby CMS study identified tailpipe emissions as only representing approximately 7% ofthe total PM2.5 emissions during the wintermonths. Therefore, no creditwill betaken from reductions from federal tailpipe standards becausethe effortto implementthese credits would only result in a minor reduction in PM2
.5emissions

.



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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.8 Reasonably Available Control Technology I Reasonably Available Control Measures (RACT/RACM) Analysis RACT Unlikethe PM 10 SIP requirements in section 190 ofthe CAA, there is nothing in Section 172 that requires identification ofthe sources, either by type orsize, for which a RACT analysis must be conducted. There are no major stationary sources located within the Libby PM2
.5NAA, so RACT analyses are not needed. Minorstationary sources in Montanawith potential emissions above 15 tons/year for portables or25 tons/yearfor others are permitted underthe requirements of DEQ's minorsource program, and those rules reqlJire a BestAvailable Control Technology (BACT) review. Since BACT is more stringent than RACT, any minor air pollution source permitted within the Libby PM2
.5NAAcomplies with RACT. 

### RACMEPA's RACM guidance as it applies to PM2
.5NAAs is contained in 79 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007) beginning on page 20609. EPA's RACM guidance covers three general source categories: stationary, mobile and area. The Libby PM2 .5 CMB study did not identify any emissions from local stationary sources, only a minor amountfrom mobile sources and a significant amountfrom an area source category
- RWC. RACM forstationary sources is covered underthe RACT section above. Mobile source PM emissions can be divided into two general groups: reentrained road dust and tailpipe emissions. Re-entrained road dustwas not identified in the latest CMB study as a contributorto ambient PM2.5 levels in Libby (referto Figure 27.12.3). However, the road dust control regulations in the existing Libby PM 10 SIP remain in effect, and as such, constitute RACM forthe road dust source category. The CMB study identified motorvehicle tailpipe emissions as contributing approximately 7% with possibly an additional 4% if all

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### _--_._-----------­Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram ofthe diesel emissions were attributed to motorvehicles. As discussed in Section 27.12.7.3, motorvehicle emissions will decrease overthe next several years from existing and newfederal tailpipe standards for motorvehicles and projected fleetturnover rates. Given the very minor contribution from mobile sources to the ambient PM2
.5 concentrations in Libby, DEQ believes the federal tailpipe standards and natural turnover rates in the local vehicle fleet constitute RACM for mobile sources. EPA's area source RACM guidance (79FR20586, 20621) covers four categories:

• Reduced solvent usage or solvent substitution. • Controls on charbroiling orother commercial cooking operations. • Controls on woodstoves and fireplaces. • New or improved regulations on open biomass burning. DEQ reviewed the solvent and cooking categories, and quickly dismissed them because Libby's small size (a fewthousand people) onlysupports a few



# - commercial businesses in those two categories. In 2005, there were approximatelyfour auto body repair & painting shops and one drycleaner
- all very small operations, and no other commercial solvent users in the Libby area. There are approximately 20 eating establishments in Libby, only a few ofthem use char-broiling grills and there are no commercial cooking operations. The State of Montana has operated a smoke management program for decades that regulates the open burning of biomass. All RACM regulationsfor open burning are incorporated into the Montana-Idaho Smoke Management Plan contained in Appendix G-3 ofthe Montana SIP at 59 FR 2988 dated January 20, 1994. Additionally, the state open burning rules (ARM 17.8.601 etseq.) setforth regulations bywhich regulated open burning mayoccur. Furthermore, Lincoln County has adopted local open burning regulations that are more stringentthan the state rules (see section 27.9.1). The local regulations applywithin theAir Pollution Control District and ImpactZone L (see Figure 27.12.1). Taken together, this suite of regulations constitutes RACM for open burning.

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### Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram Forthe Libby PM 10 

### SIP, RACM measures were adopted to control emissions from RWC. Those PM 10 

### RACM requirements were strengthened and expanded forthe PM2.5 

### SIP. The RWC control measures now include:

• Public education measures. • Episodic control program including a ban on the operation ofany solid fuel burning device(exceptfor pellet stoves) during an Air Pollution Alert. • Operating permits are required forthe installation and operation ofany solid fuel burning device within the Air Pollution Control District. In addition tothe RWC control regulations, Lincoln County, in conjunction with othergovernment agencies and private business entities, completed awood stove changeout program. From 2005 through 2007, the program swapped out approximately 1,130 dirty, uncertified wood burning devicesfor new, EPAcertified, low emissions wood stoves. The result was an annual decrease in PM2.5 

### emissions from approximately 138.78tons to 57.21 tons, a decrease of approximately 59% (see Section 27.12.11.3). Taken together, the new RWC regulations and the stove changeout program constitute RACM for RWC -. emissions.
Source: Cain, Cyra and James Carlin. Libby Annual PM2.5 Standard Technical Support Document. Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena, 2007.



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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.9 Enforceability 

### The air pollution control ordinances are legally enforceable by Lincoln County. Violation ofany section ofthe local regulations, except those regulating hazardous materials, can result in a civil penalty notto exceed $200 per offense. Violation ofthe local regulations regulating combustion of hazardous materials can result in a civil penalty notto exceed $10,000 per day perviolation. The Lincoln County air pollution control ordinances are also enforceable by DEQ if Lincoln Countyfails to administerthe local program. Since the program has been approved bythe Montana Board of Environmental Review in accordance with Section 75-2-301 of MCA, DEQ has backup enforcement powers. Sections 27.2 and 27.9.1 ofthis plan provides additional documentation ofthese regulations. DEQ also has the authorityto enforce all other statewide air pollution control regulations which assist in controlling PM2.5 

### emissions. These regulations are contained in Title 17, Chapter 8, ARM. Violations ofthese rules are punishable by civil penalties in an amount up to $10,000 per dayand criminal penalties in an amount of up to $1,000 per day.

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.10 Contingency Plans and Control Effectiveness Evaluation In the eventthe NAAQS standards are exceeded after implementing these control strategies, it is necessaryto have an additional control measure or measures identified that can be used in conjunction with the existing control measures. These additional control measures are called 'contingency measures'. They are, in a sense, control measures used only in an extreme situation in which the existing control measuresfail to clean the air. Once a contingency measure is initiated, it must remain active until the Libby PM2
.5control plan demonstration is revised and resubmitted to EPAfor approval. The Libby PM2.5 control plan contains one contingency measureforwood burning for space heating purposes. If it is determined thatwood burning emissions contributed to an exceedance ofthe PM2.5 NAAQS, then only biomass pellet fuel burners (a.k.a., wood pellet stoves) may operate within theAir Pollution Control District. Referto Section 27.9.1 forfurther details ofthese enforceable contingency measures.



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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.11 Annual Demonstration of Attainment and Maintenance The rollback method was determined to be the besttool fordemonstrating compliance and maintenance with the annual PM2.5 standard. Thefollowing sections outline the methodology used to calculate the design value and background concentration.

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 27.12.11.1 PM2.5 Design Value Calculation Using EPA's calculation method and the monitoring data from the required years of 2001, 2002 and 2003, the annual average design value for Libby was calculated at 15.9 

### 1J9/m3. This value is 10% over the annual standard of 15.0 

### 1J9/m3. Figure 27.12.11.1 illustrates the design value calculation method.

2001 2001 Qt,2 Qt,3 Qtrl Qtr3 Qtr4 Qt,2 Qtr4 Qtrl 37.1 13.1 7.0 7. 3.3 48.0 12. 11. 47.4 13.6 5.9 11.3 42.3 13.7 7.5 16. 30.6 130 7.2 9. 42.2 7.5 5.9 13. 41.6 6.6 10.0 1\.3 12.9 9.4 6. 9. 13.3 87 7.4 7( 29.4 13.5 9.8 22 35.7 14. 4.5 261 21.7 5.3 9.5 21. 49.1 9.5 4.8 21 168 15./ 12.( 32. 16.3 8.8 14.1 5.9 10. 22.7 14 20.1 15.7 27 7.3 20. 16.6 6.7 15A 27. 38.4 5.5 5.0 9. 31.0 131 6.4 6. 29.3 28 7.9 9.1 18A 10. 3.5 30. 5.6 13.8 7. 5.1 24.3 3.3 4 46. 28.0 10.7 6.3 33.5 18A 9. 7.4 64.1 33.2 9.3 12.8 45. 10.2 4.5 7.2 21. 17.0 9.3 23.9 16. 17.4 9.5 4. 32.5 37.9 3. 24.6 27.1 14.6 4.8 4.8 27. 43.0 8 4.8 29.5 13.9 3.7 6.8 34.7 31.6 6. 5.7 24. 25.6 9.5 6. 13.3 27.3 9. 7.0 31. 10.8 5. 8.3 21.8 323 5 4.6 18. 8. 5. 11. 43.3 5.7 48 25 7. 6.5 39.1 27.7 62 4.0 28. 24.( 4. 11. 17.6 33 10.0 21.5 10.7 6.3 251 9.2 5.7 6.9 4.1 6.5 16.1 24.6 2.3 11.3 7. 21. 16.5 38 48 11.1 88 36.( 25.2 4. 11.8 17.1 6.0 28. 3.5 9.0 37.0 12.7 28 6.5 14.8 5.6 12.8 1003 Qtrl Qtr2 Qt,3 Qtr4 287 81 lOA 18.1 27.6 12.3 78 14.7 47.C 10. 3.8 8.2 27.0 21. 5.2 8.6 358 8 6.7 II 35A 4.3 9.2 16.6 23.4 7. 9.8 21.9 13.8 5.8 15.8 127 28.8 7.0 24.5 294 16.1 5.6 5.5 SA 11.9 6.5 6.2 19.3 8.0 82 5.4 25.8 17.7 6.3 9.1 26.0 5./ 7.8 23. 8.5 30.9 18. 3. 6.3 23.2 31.5 36.8 9.0 30. 4.5 38.6 3.9 20.8 5.9 21.4 7.0 37.3 9.7 42.5 21.4 16. 23.9 33.6

flagged momtonng datadue to natural events (wildfire) Theaveragebelow wascalculatedwithorJ'theflaggeddala. 2001 ArmuaJ Average Quarter 1 28.0 2002 Annual A ve'age Quarter I 21.9 2003 Annual Average Quarter 1 247 Quarter2 8.1 Quarter 2 8.9 Quarter2 8.1 Quarter 3 8.1 Quarter3 7.8 Quarter 3 7.0 Quarter4 20.5 Quarter 4 24.9 Quarter4 22.5 Average: 16.1 Awrage: 15.9 Average: 15.6 2001·2003AVERAGE 15.9 Figure 27.12.11.1 PM2.5 Design Value Calculation

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### Volume III Cha ter 27 

# .--­ STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 27.12.11.2 Calculation of PM2.5 Annual Background Concentration The background PM2
. 5concentration was determined by reviewing data collected atthe U.S. Forest Service's Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) Cabinet Mountains (CAB1) monitoring site. The IMPROVE monitoring program is a cooperative monitoring effort amongst several agencies to collect air quality data used in the development ofcontrol plans forvisibility protection in Federal Class I areas. As such, these sites are generally sited in remote locationswell away from populated areas. IMPROVE monitoring seeks to establish current visibility and aerosol conditions and to identify chemical species and emission sources responsible for existing man-madevisibility impairment, and these goals mesh well with the needs ofthe state and local ambient air monitoring networks. Table 27.12.11.2 compares the 3-year annual average PM2.5 concentrations between the Cabinet Mountains site and other IMPROVE sites in western Montana. The average PM2 .5 concentration at CAB1 is consistentwith the data from the other IMPROVE stations in western Montana.

Table 27.12.11.2 Western Montana IMPROVE Sites Annual Averages1

.,......... 

### Western Montana IMPROVE Site 3-YEAR AVERAGE" (ug/m3) 

### Cabinet Mountains (CAB1) 3.69 Sula Peak (SULA1) 3.16 Monture (MONT1) 3.98 Gates ofthe Mountains (GOM1) 2.64

1These averages reflect all data, including samples affected bywildland fire smoke. 2 Calculated by averaging all quarters from 2001 to 2003, not annual averages.


### The Cabinet Mountains IMPROVE site is located at Latitude 47.9549, Longitude 115.6709, at an elevation ofapproximately 4,728 feet. The CAB1 site is located approximately 30 air miles south ofthe Libby and monitoring began in July 2000. Figure 27.12.11.2 illustrates the location ofthe CAB1 and Libby monitoring sites.

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### Volume III Cha ter 27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram
TOPO: map p·inted Oll 09/20/07 from "libby improve.tpo" 115.73333° W 115.53333° W WGS84 115.16667° W z o o o o

z

z o o o o Lfl .-<

z

z o o o o o 00 r..: v z o o o o Lfl v ro v

z o o o *_Ilnr-lg M cO v

. z ,Stt't 0 o o o Lfl .-< cO v

z o o o o o o cO v

Figure 27.12.11.2 IMPROVE CAB1 and Libby Courthouse Annex Site Locations



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### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram Forthe 3-year period of 2001-2003, the average PM2.5 

### concentration from CAB1 was determined to be 3.7 ug/m3

. 

### However, during thattime, some ofthe CAB1 samples were adversely affected (i.e., concentrations increased) by smoke from local and regional wildland fires. DEQ excluded the data affected by smoke from wildland fires and recalculated a value of3.0 

### ug/m3 

### forthe 2001-2003 period, and selected thatvalue (3.0 

### ug/m3) 

### as the appropriate annual background PM2.5 

### concentration for Libby.

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### Volume III Cha ter 27 

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 27.12.11.3 PM2.5 

### Annual Demonstration of Compliance I. Assumptions (1) Forthe purposes ofthis compliance demonstration:

• "WINTER" is defined as the first and fourth calendar quarters; i.e., January, February, March, October, November, & December.

• "SUMMER" is defined as the second and third calendar quarters; i.e., April, May, June, July, August, & September. (2) The ambient data used to calculatethe Libby PM2.5 

### annual design value for NAAQS compliancewas reapportioned into WINTER and SUMMER seasons and separate, 3-yr averages were calculated for both seasons. (see Table 27.12.11.3A).


# _. Table 27.12.11.3A Calculated Seasonal PM2.5 

### Design Values (J.lg/m3)


### SEASON 2001 2002 2003 3-Year Average WINTER 24.3 23.4 23.6 23.8 SUMMER 8.1 8.4 7.6 8.0
Note: See Section 27.12.11.1 Calculation of PM2.5 Design Value (15.9IJg/m3). Monitoring data from Lincoln County Courthouse Annex site (AIRS #30-053-0018) with wildfire affected data excluded. 

### (3) The ambient data used to calculate the annual PM2.5 

### background value was reapportioned into WINTER and SUMMER seasons and separate, 3-yr averages were calculated for both seasons. (see Table 27.12.11.38).

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### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA Subject: Lincoln County AIR QUALITY CONTROL Air Pollution IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Control Pro ram Table 27.12.11.3B Calculated Seasonal PM2.5 Background Values (J,lg/m3)


### SEASON 2001 2002 2003 3-Year Average WINTER 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.9 SUMMER 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1
Note: See Section 27.12.11.2 Calculation of PM25 Background Value (3.0 IJg/m\ Monitoring data from IMPROVE-Cabinet Mountains (CAB1) site with wildfire affected data excluded. 

### (4) During the winter of2004-2005, Global Engineering and Technology, PPLC surveyed Libby residents abouttheirwood burning practices. This telephone survey (2004 Survey) queried Libby residents abouttheirwood burning practices in the Libby PM2.5 

### nonattainment area (NAA). Information gathered from the 2004 Survey is considered to bethe best information available on thewood burning practices priorto the wood stove changeout program. The 2004 Survey gathered information aboutthe amount ofwood burned during the 2004-2005 wood burning season. Source: Ganesan, Dr. Kumar, Cyra Cain, and James Carlin.**PM~** Emissions from Residential Wood Burning In Libbv. Montana, DEQ Contract#505029, Montana Departmentof Environmental Quality, 2006. 

### (5) During July, 2007, atelephone survey (2007 Survey) was conducted in Libby by the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), Air Resources Management Bureau (ARMB). This survey queried Libby residents abouttheir wood burning practices afterthewood stove changeout program. Information gathered from the 2007 Survey is the best available information on the wood burning practices afterthe wood stove changeout in Libby.
Source: Cain, Cyra and James Carlin. LibbyAnnual PM2.5 Standard Technical Support Document. Montana Departmentof Environmental Quality, Helena, 2007.



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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (6) The Libby PM2.5 base yearfor regulatory purposes is 2005. Information regarding wood burning priorto the wood stove changeoutwas obtained during the winter of2004-2005. DEQ assumed thatthe 2004-2005 wood burning data can be applied directlyto 2005 base year in a 1:1 ratio as conservative estimates. (7) Approximately 82% ofthe WINTER PM2.5 emissions within the Libby PM2.5 NAA, with the exception ofbackground emissions, result from the operation ofsolid fuel biomass burning devices (a.k.a. wood stoves).
Source: Ward, Tony. The Libby, Montana PM? 5 SourceApportionment Research Study, The University of Montana-Missoula, Centerfor Environmental Health Sciences, 2005, page 5. (8) All ofthe particulate matter emissions from wood burning for space heating in Libby is assumed to be equal to orsmallerthan 2.5 microns.
Source: STAPPAIALAPCO/EPA. Emission Inventory Improvement Program, Vol. III, Chapter2, Residential Wood Combustion, Jan. 2001, pg. 2.4-4. (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiip/techreport/volume03/iii02_apr2001.pdf) 

# - (9) In this compliance demonstration, all ofthe PM2.5 emissions, excluding background, originatefrom within the Libby PM2.5 NAAwhere the PM2.5 ambient monitor is located. All PM2.5 emissions from sources located outside the NAA are considered part ofbackground PM2
.5emissions.

II. Summary ofWood Stove Emission Data Before and AfterThe Wood Stove Changeout Program (1) DEQ determined that before the wood stove changeout program, on the average, 138.78tons/year of PM2
.5were generated during the winterseason by wood stoves in the Libby PM2
.5NAA.

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (2) DEQ ARMB determined that afterthe wood stove changeout program, on the average, 57.21 tons/year of PM2
.5were generated during the winter season by wood stoves in the Libby PM2.5 NAA.
Source: Cain, Cyra and James Carlin. Libby Annual PM2.5 Standard Technical Support Document. Montana Departmentof Environmental Quality, Helena, 2007.

III. Rollback Calculation forthe Annual PM2.5 Mean (1) The reduction in ambient PM2.5 concentrations was calculated using a proportional rollback technique. Since 82% ofthe PM2.5 emissions in Libby are from wood stoves, the rollback only useswood stove PM2.5 emission data calculated from the results ofthe wood stove changeout program (pre and post, see Table 27.12.11.1C). The remaining 18% ofthe PM2
.5emissions in Libby are assumed to remain practically constant dueto very low annual population growth rates in Libby and Lincoln County. (2) Using seasonally adjusted data from the 2001-2003 time period and priorto the stove changeout, the WINTER Design Averagewas 23.8 IJg/m3. This includes the seasonally calculated WINTER background value of 1.9 IJg/m3. WINTER season PM2.5 emissions are projected to permanently decrease as a result ofthe wood stove change-out program. Referto Table 27.12.11.3A and Table 27.12.11.3B. (3) During the SUMMER season, the PM2.5 emissions remain the same as theywere before the stove changeout program. Using seasonally adjusted data from the 2001
- 2003 time period, the SUMMER Design Average = 8.0 IJg/m3. This includes the seasonally calculated SUMMER background of4.1 IJg/m3. Therefore, assume thatthe SUMMER deslgn average remains unchanged at8.0 IJg/m3. Referto Table 27.12.11.3A and Table 27.12.11.3B.

.

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### Volume III Cha ter 27 

# -

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (4) The 'target' for demonstrating compliancewith the annual PM2.5 

### NAAQS is 14.9 1J9/m3, and this value includesthe annual PM2.5 

### background of3.0 1J9/m3. The annual PM2.5 

### background of3.0 1J9/m3 is assumed to not change, and therefore, the seasonally-calculated background values for WINTER and SUMMER also remain unchanged.

Table 27.12.11.3C Winter Season Rollback Data Relationship

Time Period WINTER PM2
.5 Stove Emissions WINTER PM2.5 AmbientAverage (without background) 

### Pre-changeout 138.78tons 21.9**IJg/m~** 

### Post-changeout 57.21 tons X? IJg/m;'
(5) Calculate the average PM2.5 

### concentration forthe WINTER season resulting from the 'rolled back' emissions dueto the wood stove changeout program, as follows: 

# ­ Pre-changeoutWINTER Stove Emissions divided by Pre-changeoutWINTER Ambient PM2.5 

### Average 

### = Post-changeout WINTER Stove Emissions divided by Post-changeoutWINTER PM2.5 

### AmbientAverage 138.78tons/21.9 1J9/m3 

### = 57.21 tons/Post-changeoutWINTER PM2.5 

### Ambient Avg. IJg/m3 Post-changeout WINTER PM2.5 

### AmbientAverage

# =9.0 1J9/m3 (withoutwinter background) (6) Post-changeoutWINTER PM2.5 

### Background Concentration 

### = 1.9 1J9/m3 (same as pre-changeout)

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# ­Volume III Cha ter 27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram (7) Post-changeout WINTER Design Average 

### = 9.0 + 1.9 

### = 10.9 

### 1J9/m3 (reflects PM2.5 emission reductions from wood stove changeout) (8) SUMMER Design Average 

### =8.0 

### 1J9/m3 (pre & post-changeout assumed to be the same due to minorwood stove emissions in SUMMER) (9) Post-changeout PM2.5Annual Mean 

### = (WINTER + SUMMER)/2 

### = (10.9 + 

### 8.0)1 2

# =9.5 

### 1J9/m3 Therefore, given zero orvery little growth in the minor source categories, the Libb¥ area is projected to be in compliancewith the annual PM2.5 NAAQS (of 15.0 

### IJg/m ).

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### Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 

# -. Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.11.4 PM2.5 

### 2010 Demonstration of Compliance Compliance with the annual standard in the future is demonstrated using a 'roll-forward' technique. The projected increases in human population and housing units for the Libby area are used as the basis to 'roll forward' orgrowthe emissions in the various area and source categories identified by the CMB model (e.g., RWC, motorvehicle and diesel emissions). Table 27.12.11.4A contains the latest data and growth projections on human population and housing units for Lincoln County obtained from the Census and Economic Information Center (CEIC) ofthe Montana Department ofCommerce. Due to the small size of Libby, there is no data currently available projecting growth

. forward to 2010. 

### TABLE 27.12.11.4A Lincoln County Population 

### &Housing Units, 2000 to 2010 Source/Data Type 2000 Census 2005 Estimate 2000 to 

### 200511% 2010 Projected 2005 to 

### 201011% NPA-Pop' 18,837 19,193 1.89 19,590 2.07 CEIC

- Pop': 18,837 19,182 1.83 No data No data CEIC

- UnitsJ 

### 9,319 9,389 0.75 No data No data

1 NPA Data Services, Inc., 2006 Regional Economic Projections Series, MT Population Projections. 2 Montana Dept. ofCommerce, Census &Economic Information Center, Table 4. Annual Estimates of Housing Units for Counties in Montana: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (HU-EST2006-04-30). 3 Montana Dept. ofCommerce, Census & Economic Information Center, Table 1. Annual Estimates of Population forCounties in Montana: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (CO-EST2006-01-30). 

### The highest projected Lincoln County growth rate was approximately 2.1 % for human population. DEQ used that rate as a conservative estimate for increases in emissions from area and mobile sources in Libby during the 2005 to 2010 time period. Since secondary particles in Libby are predominantly from long range transport, they were assumed notto increase significantly during the 2005 to 2010 time period. Emissions from gasoline-powered motorvehicles and diesel-powered sourceswere assumed to increase at the same rate as population. In addition, DEQ conservatively did notclaim any reduction credits forfederal control emission controls on motorvehicles and clean diesel regulations. As discussed in section 27.12.11.3, the greatestchange in PM
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### -.Volume III Cha ter27

STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram emissions comes from the wood stove changeout program with emissions from that source category decreasing approximately 59% on an annual basis.
Source: Cain, Cyra and James Carlin. Libby Annual PM2.5 Standard Technical Support Document. Montana Departmentof Environmental Quality, Helena, 2007. Therefore, based on those assumptions, the data in Table 27.12.11.48 illustrates future compliance in Libbywith the annual PM2.5 NAAQS. TABLE 27.12.11.4B PM2.5 ANNUAL DEMONSTRATION OF COMPLIANCE

Source Cateaorv1 2003
- 2004 CMS Source

Percents2 Design Concentration3 (lJa/m3) Percent Reduction in Emissions Due

toControl Strateaies Estimated percentgrowth

in emissions overthe 2005
­ 2010 time

period 2010 Compliance Year Contributions with Control Strategies4

(IJQ/m3) Residential Wood Stoves 82 13.0 -59% +2.1% 5.44 MotorVehicle Tailpipe 7 1.1 No credit taken +2.1% 1.12 Ammonium Nitrate 5 0.8 None assumed None assumed 0.8 Diesel Exhaust 4 0.7 No credit taken +2.1% 0.71

Secondary

Sulfate 2 0.3 None assumed None assumed 0.3 TOTALS 100 15.9 Not applicable Not applicable 8.37

1 Source categories as determined by the 2003-2004 CMS study. 2 Percent contribution assigned to source categories by 2003-2004 CMS study. 3 Design concentration mUltiplied by CMS contribution percent. 4 2010 is the designated compliance yearforthe initial PM2.5 SIPs.

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STATE OF MONTANA AIR QUALITY CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Subject: Lincoln County Air Pollution Control Pro ram 

### 27.12.12. Reasonable Further Progress EPA's Reasonable Further Progress (RFP) guidance as it applies to PM2.5 NAAs is contained in 79 FR 20586 (April 25, 2007) beginning on page 20633. The guidance states: [a]n area that demonstrates attainment by 2010 will be considered to have satisfied the RFP requirement and need not submit any additional material to satisfythe RFP requirement. The EPAwill viewthe attainment demonstration as also demonstrating that the area is making reasonable further progress toward attainment. The Libby control plan demonstrates attainment by 2010, thus no further RFP submittal is required. Progress will be tracked bythe ambient air monitoring datawhich DEQ submits annually into EPA's national airdatabase (Le., AIRS-AQS).



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