[Cite as In re K.A., 2021-Ohio-1772.]

COURT OF APPEALS 

FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO 

FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT 

IN RE: K.A. 

 

 

JUDGES: 

: Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, P.J. 

: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. 

: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. 

: 

: 

: Case No. 2021 CA 00002 

: 

: 

: OPINION 

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Fairfield County Court 

of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case 

No. 2019 AB 0059 

JUDGMENT: Affirmed 

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: May 24, 2021 

APPEARANCES: 

For: Appellee For: Father 

R. KYLE WITT AMANDA GALLANT 

Prosecuting Attorney 165 E. Livingston Avenue 

By: GENYLYNN COSGROVE Columbus, OH 43215 

Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 

239 West Main Street, Ste 101 

Lancaster, OH 43130 

 
[Cite as In re K.A., 2021-Ohio-1772.]

Gwin, J. 

{¶1} Appellant J.A. appeals the December 17, 2020 judgment entry of the 

Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, terminating his parental rights 

and granting permanent custody of K.A. to the Fairfield County Child Protective Services 

(“FCCPS”). 

Facts & Procedural History 

{¶2} J.A. is the father (“Father”) of K.A., born on May 9, 2019. A.C. is the mother 

(“Mother”) of the child. 

{¶3} On May 16, 2019, FCCPS filed a complaint for abuse and/or dependency 

with regards to K.A. The complaint alleged, in part: Mother and K.A. tested positive for 

heroin at the time of K.A.’s birth; Mother has a significant history of using both 

methamphetamines and opiates; Father has a significant history of substance abuse of 

both heroin and methamphetamines; Father refused to submit to a random drug screen 

on May 14, 2019; and Father admitted to the use of methamphetamine and heroin “a 

couple days ago.” K.A. was placed in the temporary custody of FCCPS on May 16, 2019. 

{¶4} The trial court found K.A. dependent on August 7, 2019. Neither parent 

contested the finding of dependency. The trial court granted the agency’s motion to 

extend temporary custody in May of 2020. 

{¶5} The trial court originally appointed Natalie Noyes as guardian ad litem in the 

case in May of 2019. On June 4, 2020, Noyes filed a motion to withdraw as GAL. The 

trial court granted the motion, and appointed Amanda Morris as the guardian ad litem on 

June 9, 2020. Noyes filed a report in July of 2019, stating that she attempted to contact 

both Mother and Father via phone calls and letters, but the phone numbers of both 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 3 

parents were disconnected and, despite the letters not being returned, neither Mother or 

Father contacted her. 

{¶6} FCCPS filed a motion for permanent custody on August 11, 2020. Paternal 

grandparents filed a motion for legal custody on August 17, 2020. The trial court set a 

hearing for December 9, 2020. The GAL filed a report on December 2, 2020, opining that 

it is in the best interest of K.A. for permanent custody to be granted to FCCPS. The GAL 

stated she spoke with the foster parents, the paternal grandparents, and caseworkers, 

but “did not make contact with Father or Mother due to their continued incarceration during 

my involvement in this matter. However, I have had contact with Mother through my 

involvement with an older sibling.” 

{¶7} Father filed a motion to continue the hearing on December 7, 2020 because 

the GAL did not meet with Father as required by Rule of Superintendence 48. The trial 

court denied the motion on December 7, 2020, stating “whether or not the Guardian ad 

Litem fulfilled her duties under Superintendence Rule 48 is not a proper basis for a 

continuance of a permanent custody hearing. Counsel for Father may cross-examine the 

Guardian ad Litem as to her investigation into this matter at the hearing. The Court will 

then give the report the weight it deserves in making the determination as to what is in 

the best interest of the child.” 

{¶8} The parties submitted written stipulations prior to the hearing. Both Mother 

and Father stipulated that K.A. has been in the temporary custody of FCCPS for twelve 

or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period. 

{¶9} At the hearing, counsel for Mother indicated he would be taking no position 

on the motion for permanent custody, as he had not had contact with Mother for an 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 4 

extended period of time. During the virtual hearing, Mother called in. She was permitted 

to speak with her attorney. Mother directed her attorney to tell the trial court that she was 

aware of the hearing and that she did not want to participate in the hearing. 

{¶10} Father testified at the hearing. Father recalled the case plan somewhat, but 

testified he did “very little of what was required” of him because he was in “full-blown 

addiction.” He agreed that while he now is trying to take steps on his case plan, for the 

first year of K.A.’s life, he did not really work the case plan services. 

{¶11} Father started using meth in 2015 and then progressed to heroin. In 2017, 

he was convicted of a misdemeanor related to drugs. He was initially in a treatment 

facility, but his probation was revoked, and he served time in jail. When K.A. was born, 

Father lived at his parents’ house, but rarely stayed there. He stayed at random places. 

Father testified he did have stable housing at his parents’ house, but he “chose not to 

stay there.” In June of 2020, Father went to jail for possession of heroin. He was in jail 

for two-and-a-half months, and then was released to a treatment facility. He went from 

the treatment facility to a sober living house in Columbus, where he currently resides. He 

is able to stay there for up to a year. Father testified he is trying to “get on his feet.” 

{¶12} Father is not currently working, but worked as a plumber from January 2020 

to June of 2020. Prior to that, he did odd jobs for the last several years. 

{¶13} Father admitted he did not do counseling or assessments outside of his 

court-ordered treatment program. Father also admitted his level of participation in the 

call-in, random drug screening program required by his case plan was “slim to none.” At 

the time of the hearing, Father testified he had been clean and sober for five months and 

twelve days. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 5 

{¶14} Father had supervised visitation with K.A. From June 30, 2020 to 

September 10, 2020, he was not able to see K.A. because he was in jail. 

{¶15} Father was aware he was not supposed to have contact with Mother 

because of her probation requirements, but he still had contact with her. Father once 

went to Mother’s location to visit K.A. because FCCPS cut his visit with K.A. short. Father 

disputed FCCPS’ account that he was hiding under clothes in Mother’s closet and stated 

he was just standing in the closet behind some clothes. 

{¶16} When asked if he was in a position to have custody of K.A., Father stated, 

“it’s going to take me a month or two to get on my feet,” and admitted he is currently not 

in a position to parent K.A. However, Father believes he will be able to obtain a job and 

housing and be ready to parent K.A. within six months. 

{¶17} Father testified he never had any communication with the GAL. Father did 

not ask FCCPS to contact the GAL on his behalf, and he stated he didn’t “know * * * what 

my purpose for talking to her would be.” Father testified FCCPS always knew how to get 

ahold of him during the pendency of the case. Father stated K.A. identifies him as “Da.” 

{¶18} Caitlin Huffstutler (“Huffstutler”) was the intake worker for K.A. FCCPS 

initially became involved with the family because Mother tested positive for heroin and 

opiates upon her admission to the hospital, and K.A. tested positive for opiates when he 

was born. Mother initially gave Father’s name as a placement for K.A., but Father refused 

to drug test when he met with Huffstutler and admitted he used heroin and meth several 

days prior. When Huffstutler picked up K.A. from the hospital, there was a security 

concern that paternal grandmother may try to pick up the child herself. After K.A. was 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 6 

released from the hospital, Huffstutler attempted to contact Father, but could not get in 

touch with him. The case was then transferred to the ongoing case unit. 

{¶19} Heather Stoneburner (“Stoneburner”) of FCCPS was assigned to do an 

assessment for a potential kinship placement for K.A. She first did an assessment of 

K.A.’s paternal grandparents. Stoneburner had concerns that the paternal grandmother 

was not taking the drug use concerns seriously. Stoneburner was concerned about the 

potential drug use of paternal grandmother. Paternal grandmother initially agreed to drug 

test that day, but never showed up to test until six days later. Stoneburner ultimately 

denied the kinship assessment. 

{¶20} Jessica Caldwell (“Caldwell”) is the parenting time monitor in this case. 

Father was doing weekly supervised visits. He was attentive, loving, and patient with K.A. 

Father did not move up to the next level of visitation because he was not actively engaging 

in case plan services. FCCPS generally does not do visits with parents when they are 

incarcerated when the children are as young as K.A. is. After he was released from jail, 

Father was able to do frequent video visits beginning in October of 2020. Caldwell has 

not seen anything that caused her concern about the way Father interacts with K.A. during 

the visits. 

{¶21} Rachel Weygandt (“Weygandt”) has been the ongoing caseworker for K.A. 

since June of 2019. 

{¶22} Father’s case plan required him to: meet monthly with Weygandt, maintain 

housing, maintain employment, participate in the call-in drug screening program with 

American Court Services, complete a mental health and substance abuse disorder 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 7 

assessment and follow all recommendations, and participate in consistent parenting time 

with K.A. 

{¶23} While Father reported he had consistent housing, Weygandt testified his 

housing throughout the case was with either his parents or his friends. Weygandt never 

met Father anywhere other than the agency because Father said his friends did not want 

her at their homes, and because paternal grandmother did not want Weygandt at her 

home because the agency “just lied about her.” Father was in prison and the rehab 

facility. When he is released from sober living, Father reported to Weygandt that he will 

live with his parents, unless that causes a problem with the agency, in which case he will 

live with his friends until he can find his own housing. 

{¶24} Father reported to Weygandt that he will not have any trouble obtaining a 

plumbing job once he is out of the sober living facility. However, Weygandt testified 

Father told her several times during the pendency of the case he was going to get a 

plumbing job, but never did. 

{¶25} Father completed a mental health assessment in October of 2019, but did 

not want to participate in the recommended program, so he was dismissed from The 

Recovery Center in October of 2019. Though Father would talk about getting another 

assessment at other places for many months to Weygandt, he never did so until he 

entered a program he was required to complete for his court-ordered treatment. Father 

did not participate in any substance abuse or mental health treatment until he entered the 

treatment in lieu of conviction program. Father would not sign a release for Weygandt to 

be able to speak with his counselor. The counselor did report that Father successfully 

completed his inpatient treatment. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 8 

{¶26} Weygandt testified that Father was not compliant with the call-in drug 

screening aspect of the case plan. Weygandt and Father would talk about it each month 

during their visits, but Father never completed a screen. When Father told Weygandt he 

could not produce a urine screen, she changed the order to an oral swab; however, he 

never went to screen. Father never completed a screen throughout the entirety of the 

case. Weygandt does not know if he screens while in treatment because Father would 

not sign a release to allow her to access those records. 

{¶27} At a January 2020 visitation with K.A., Father appeared under the influence 

and admitted to Weygandt he was using meth and heroin and he had been obtaining 

Suboxone off the street illegally. 

{¶28} Weygandt testified Father was very consistent with visitation. 

{¶29} Weygandt stated FCCPS made the following efforts to attempt reunification 

between K.A. and Father: monthly visits with her to discuss the case plan and any 

barriers; contacting service providers; encouraging him to engage in case plan services; 

and completing a kinship assessment for Father’s relatives. 

{¶30} While Father was consistent in meeting with Weygandt and with his 

parenting time, he was never consistent with the remainder of his case plan. Substance 

abuse continued to be an issue for Father throughout the case. Though Father is 

attempting to remedy the substance abuse issue, this is a fairly new development and he 

is not consistently there yet. Weygandt testified Father is not currently in a position to be 

able to care for or parent K.A. 

{¶31} K.A. has been placed in the same foster home since several days after his 

birth and lives with his half-sibling (Mother’s first child). Weygandt has observed K.A. in 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 9 

the foster home on a monthly basis. K.A. is very bonded with both foster parents and his 

sibling. K.A. is thriving in the foster home. K.A. has been in the temporary custody of the 

agency since May of 2019. 

{¶32} While FCCPS has tried to work to reunify K.A. with Mother and/or Father, 

that has not come to fruition. Weygandt testified that K.A. deserves to have a home where 

he can feel safe and allow him to thrive. Neither Mother or Father can currently provide 

K.A. with a legally secure permanent placement. Thus, Weygandt believes is in the best 

interest of K.A. to grant permanent custody to FCCPS. 

{¶33} When asked on cross-examination whether Father may be able to be 

compliant with his case plan in four to six months, Weygandt stated she did not know, but 

Father has told her at each monthly meeting he was going to do case plan services each 

month, but never did. Weygandt has only seen Father able to maintain his sobriety when 

he was incarcerated or completing inpatient treatment. Weygandt is very happy Father 

is completing a treatment program through the court system, but FCCPS encouraged him 

to participate in recovery services prior to him being incarcerated, and she never saw him 

do that on his own. 

{¶34} Counsel for Father cross-examined the GAL about her report. The GAL 

was not provided with Father’s contact information upon her appointment in June of 2020, 

so she did not attempt to contact him prior to him being arrested on June 30, 2020. She 

did not contact Father’s attorney to ask for his contact information. The GAL was not 

aware of Father’s actual incarceration dates. The foster parents reported that K.A. does 

not identify Father or Mother as his parents, but the GAL was unable to independently 

confirm this. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 10 

{¶35} Based on everything she heard at the hearing, the GAL’s opinion has not 

changed from her report recommending that granting permanent custody to FCCPS is in 

the best interest of K.A. 

{¶36} The trial court issued a judgment entry on December 17, 2020 granting 

FCCPS’s motion for permanent custody, terminating parental rights of Father, and placing 

K.A. in the permanent custody of FCCPS. 

{¶37} The trial court found Father was successful in case management 

participation in portions of his case plan. However, Father did not successfully obtain and 

maintain stable housing. Though he claimed his parents’ home as a permanent address, 

he has chosen to stay with friends. The trial court noted, “FCCPS was not able to visit 

Father in his parents’ home as Paternal Grandparents would not allow FCCPS into their 

home, due to the denial of a previous kinship application that was denied for Mother’s 

previous biological child that FCCPS was granted permanent custody of.” Additionally, 

Father was incarcerated from June to September of 2020, in rehab from September 2020 

to December 1, 2020, and entered a sober living housing situation on December 1, 2020 

in order to comply with a treatment in lieu of conviction program. 

{¶38} The court determined Father did not successfully maintain employment, 

and has not successfully completed the treatment for mental health/alcohol/drug 

concerns, as he demonstrated a pattern of utilizing treatment and remaining sober when 

incarcerated or in rehab, but did not remain sober when he was not incarcerated or in 

treatment. The trial court noted his repeated failures to drug screen for FCCPS. 

{¶39} The trial court found that Father was consistent with his visits, except when 

he was incarcerated. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 11 

{¶40} The trial court found FCCPS exerted diligent and reasonable efforts to 

assist Father in remedying the problems that caused K.A. to be removed from the home, 

but these services have not prevented the need for removal of the child or enable the 

child to return safely home. Further, that Father has failed continuously and repeatedly 

to substantially remedy the conditions causing the child to be placed outside the home. 

{¶41} The trial court determined K.A. is bonded with his foster family and his 

needs are being met in their home. The child has lived with the foster family since he 

was seven days old, and has continuously resided with them, except for March 20, 2020 

through April 15, 2020, when the child was on visit status with Mother. 

{¶42} When discussing the GAL report, the trial court specifically stated in its 

judgment entry, “the Court has taken into consideration the concerns of parties as to the 

investigation of the GAL and gives the GAL report the weight it deserves.” 

{¶43} As to the first prong of permanent custody, the trial court found the parties 

stipulated K.A. was in the temporary custody of FCCPS for twelve or more months of a 

consecutive twenty-two-month period, beginning on May 16, 2019 through the filing of the 

motion for permanent custody on August 11, 2020. Further, that Mother abandoned the 

child by failing to have contact from July 22, 2020 through October 29, 2020 while she 

was incarcerated and Father abandoned the child by failing to have contact from June 

30, 2020, through October 13, 2020 because he was incarcerated. The court found, by 

clear and convincing evidence, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(b) and (d) applies to both Mother 

and Father. 

{¶44} The trial court then went through each of the applicable best interest factors 

detailed in R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) and found as follows: (a) Father has shown a parental 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 12 

bond with the child and is appropriate in visits; however, the child has not resided with 

Father and Father has not been able to demonstrate an ongoing relationship due to his 

addiction and incarceration; the child is bonded with his foster parents; K.A. resides with 

his half-sibling; (b) the child is too young to express his wishes; (c) the child has been 

with the foster parents since May 16, 2019, and was only at Mother’s for 25 days during 

that period; (d) K.A. needs a safe and stable environment where K.A.’s needs are met on 

a consistent basis; K.A. cannot find a legally secure placement with Father because he 

does not have stable housing, employment, or a demonstrated capacity to care for the 

child; though Father believes the child should wait in foster care while he attempts to get 

back on his feet, the child has already been in the custody of FCCPS for most of his life 

and there is no guarantee Father will be “on his feet” in a reasonable amount of time, as 

he has failed to demonstrate stability in the last 18 months; the child has already waited 

all of his 18 months for Father to be able to care for him and is in need of permanency at 

this time; no kinship placements were approved, despite being explored by FCCPS; and 

(e) Father abandoned the child due to his incarceration from June 30, 2020 to October 

13, 2020. 

{¶45} Utilizing these factors, the trial court found, by clear and convincing 

evidence, it is in the best interest of K.A. to be committed to the permanent custody of 

FCCPS. The trial court granted the motion of FCCPS for permanent custody and 

terminated the parental rights of Father. 

{¶46} Father appeals the December 17, 2020 judgment entry of the Fairfield 

County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, and assigns the following as error: 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 13 

{¶47} “I. THE GUARDIAN AD LITEM FAILED TO COMPETENTLY PERFORM 

HER DUTIES PURSUANT TO SUPERINTENDENCE RULE 48. THUS, THE COURT 

ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN TAKING HER REPORT INTO EVIDENCE AND 

ALLOWING HER TO SUBMIT TESTIMONY AND A BEST INTEREST 

RECOMMENDATION. 

{¶48} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT IT IS IN THE CHILD’S

BEST INTEREST THAT HE BE PLACED IN THE PERMANENT CUSTODY OF 

FAIRFIELD COUNTY CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES, AS THE PROSECUTION 

FAILED TO MEET ITS BURDEN OF PROOF AND THE TRIAL COURT’S DECISION 

WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.” 

Permanent Custody

{¶49} “[T]he right to raise a child is an ‘essential’ and ‘basic’ civil right.” In re 

Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990), quoting Stanley v. Illinois, 405 

U.S. 645, 92 S.Ct. 1208, 31 L.Ed.2d 551 (1972). An award of permanent custody must 

be based on clear and convincing evidence. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1). 

{¶50} Clear and convincing evidence is that evidence “which will provide in the 

mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.” 

Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954). “Where the degree of proof 

required to sustain an issue must be clear and convincing, a reviewing court will examine 

the record to determine whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy 

the requisite degree of proof.” Id. at 477. If some competent, credible evidence going to 

all the essential elements of the case supports the trial court’s judgment, an appellate 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 14 

court must affirm the judgment and not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. 

C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). 

{¶51} Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the weight to be given to 

the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. Seasons Coal v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 

77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984). Deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is 

“crucial in a child custody case, where there may be much evidence in the parties’ 

demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger, 77 

Ohio St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997). 

{¶52} R.C. 2151.414 sets forth the guidelines a trial court must follow when 

deciding a motion for permanent custody. R.C. 2151.414(A)(1) mandates the trial court 

schedule a hearing and provide notice upon the filing of a motion for permanent custody 

of a child by a public children services agency. 

{¶53} Following the hearing, R.C. 2151.414(B) authorizes the juvenile court to 

grant permanent custody of the child to the public or private agency if the court 

determines, by clear and convincing evidence, it is in the best interest of the child to grant 

permanent custody to the agency, and that any of the following apply: (a) the child is not 

abandoned or orphaned, and the child cannot be placed with either of the child’s parents 

within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the child’s parents; (b) the child is 

abandoned; (c) the child is orphaned and there are no relatives of the child who are able 

to take permanent custody; or (d) the child has been in the temporary custody of one or 

more public children services agencies or private child placement agencies for twelve or 

more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period ending on or after March 18, 

1999. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 15 

{¶54} Therefore, R.C. 2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the trial 

court must apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice, a trial court 

will usually determine whether one of the four circumstances delineated in R.C. 

2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d) is present before proceeding to a determination regarding 

the best interest of the child. In this case, the parties stipulated that K.A. has been in the 

temporary custody of FCCPS for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-twomonth period. Additionally, the trial court found Father abandoned K.A. by failing to have 

contact from June 30, 2020 through October 13, 2020 because he was incarcerated. 

I. 

{¶55} In his first assignment of error, Father contends the trial court abused its 

discretion by taking the GAL’s report into evidence and allowing her to submit testimony 

and a best interest determination because the GAL failed to perform her duties under 

Superintendence Rule 48. Father argues the GAL did not “observe the child with each 

parent” and failed to view Father’s interactions with K.A. Father filed a motion to continue 

the hearing so that the GAL could observe him with K.A. The trial court denied the motion. 

Father continues to assert the GAL failed to make adequate contact. 

{¶56} Rule 48(D) of the Ohio Rules of Superintendence is a lengthy statement of 

the basic responsibilities of a GAL serving in an Ohio court, which are to be performed 

“unless impracticable or inadvisable to do so.” These responsibilities include representing 

the best interest of the child for whom the GAL is appointed, maintaining independence, 

objectivity, and fairness, acting as an officer of the court, participating in pertinent 

hearings, resolving any conflicts of interest that may arise, meeting qualifications and 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 16 

training requirements, making reasonable efforts to become informed about the case, 

contacting the parties, maintaining confidentiality, and numerous other considerations. 

{¶57} We have recognized that Superintendence Rule 48 is a general guideline 

that does not have the force of statutory law, and therefore an appellant does not have 

any substantive right to enforce it. In the Matter of D.S., 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 15 CA 30, 

2016-Ohio-79; Rice v. Rice, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 10 CAF 11 0091, 2011-Ohio-3099. 

In general, the Ohio Rules of Superintendence are “purely internal housekeeping rules 

which do not create substantive rights in individuals or procedural law.” Elson v. 

Plokhooy, 3rd Dist. Shelby No. 17-10-24, 2011-Ohio-3009. 

{¶58} Moreover, the GAL was present at the evidentiary hearing. K.A. was 

represented by counsel separate from the GAL. Counsel for Mother, counsel for Father, 

and counsel for K.A. all had the opportunity to cross-examine the GAL. 

{¶59} Additionally, the trial court, as the trier of fact, is permitted to assign weight 

to the GAL’s testimony and recommendation and to consider it in the context of all the 

evidence before the court. In the Matter of D.S., 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 15 CA 30, 2016-

Ohio-79, In re T.C., 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-15-1106, 2015-Ohio-3665, In re M.Z., 9th Dist. 

Lorain No. 11CA010104, 2012-Ohio-3194. The decision of whether to consider a GAL 

report, even when the guardian did not fully comply with Superintendence Rule 48, is 

within a trial court’s discretion. See Corey v. Corey, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 2013-CA-73, 

2014-Ohio-3258. 

{¶60} In this case, the trial court specifically addressed the objections made to the 

GAL report by the parties and stated it “has taken into consideration the concerns of the 

parties as to the investigation of the GAL and gives the GAL report the weight it deserves.” 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 17 

Additionally, from the trial court’s detailed judgment entry, it is clear the decision was not 

based upon the lack of the GAL’s viewing of the interactions between K.A. and Father, 

as several other witnesses testified Father had positive visits with K.A. The trial court 

listed numerous other factors taken into consideration for its determination. 

{¶61} Upon our review of the record, we find the trial court did not abuse its 

discretion in its treatment of the testimony and report of the GAL. We have held 

Superintendence Rule 48 does not create substantive rights and is used for guidance. 

The trial court specifically addressed the issue and we can find no reversible error, 

particularly where the trial court has the discretion to follow or reject any recommendation 

of a GAL. Wine v. Wine, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 04 CA F 10, 068, 2005-Ohio-975. 

Father’s first assignment of error is overruled. 

II. 

{¶62} In his second assignment of error, Father contends the trial court’s 

determination that the best interest of the child would be served by the granting of 

permanent custody to FCCPS was against the manifest weight and sufficiency of the 

evidence. 

{¶63} Father argues the testimony at trial showed his relationship with K.A. was 

positive and a bond exists between him and K.A. Further, that his testimony 

demonstrates he is working on his case plan, and is willing to be a parent. 

{¶64} We have frequently noted, “[t]he discretion which the juvenile court enjoys 

in determining whether an order of permanent custody is in the best interest of a child 

should be accorded the utmost respect, given the nature of the proceeding and the impact 

the court’s determination will have on the lives of the parties concerned.” In re Mauzy 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 18 

Children, 5th Dist. No. 2000CA00244, 2000 WL 1700073 (Nov. 13, 2000), citing In re 

Awkal, 85 Ohio App.3d 309, 316, 642 N.E.2d 424 (8th Dist. 1994). 

{¶65} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing, 

R.C. 2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including, 

but not limited to, the following: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with 

the child’s parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any 

other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the child as 

expressed directly by the child or through the child’s guardian ad litem, with due regard 

for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child and (4) the child’s need 

for a legally secure placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved 

without a grant of permanent custody; and (e) whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) 

to (11) of this section apply in relation to the parents and child. No one element is given 

greater weight or heightened significance. In re C.F., 113 Ohio St.3d 73, 2007-Ohio1104, 862 N.E.2d 816. 

{¶66} A child’s best interests are served by the child being placed in a permanent 

situation that fosters growth, stability, and security. The willingness of a relative to care 

for the child does not alter what a court considers in determining permanent custody. In 

re Patterson, 134 Ohio App.3d 119, 730 N.E.2d 439 (9th Dist. 1999); In re Adoption of 

Ridenour, 61 Ohio St.3d 319, 574 N.E.2d 1055 (1991). Accordingly, a court is not 

required to favor a relative if, after considering all the factors, it is in the child’s best interest 

for the agency to be granted permanent custody. In re R.P. and I.S., 5th Dist. Tuscarawas 

No. 2011AP050024, 2011-Ohio-5378. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 19 

{¶67} The court must consider all of the elements in R.C. 2151.414(D) as well as 

other relevant factors. There is not one element that is given greater weight than the 

others pursuant to the statute. In re Schafer, 11 Ohio St.3d 498, 2006-Ohio-5513, 857 

N.E.2d 532. In re Schafer made it clear that a trial court’s statutory duty, when 

determining whether it is in the best interest of a child to grant permanent custody to an 

agency, does not include finding by clear and convincing evidence that no suitable relative 

was available for placement. Id. R.C. 2151.414 “requires the court to find the best option 

for the child once a determination has been made pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) 

through (d). The statute does not make the availability of a placement that would not 

require a termination of parental rights an all-controlling factor. The statute does not even 

require the court to weigh that factor more heavily than other factors.” Id. at 111. 

{¶68} The focus of the “best interest” determination is upon the child, not the 

parent, as R.C. 2151.414(C) specifically prohibits the court from considering the effect a 

grant of permanent custody would have upon the parents. In re: Awkal, 95 Ohio App.3d 

309, 315. 

{¶69} We find the trial court did not commit error in finding that granting permanent 

custody to FCCPS was in the best interest of K.A. Weygandt testified it is in the best 

interest of K.A. for permanent custody to be granted to FCCPS. She believes that 

permanency needs to be established for K.A. and he deserves to have a home where he 

can thrive and feel safe. As noted by Weygandt, even though Father has been consistent 

in meeting with her and with his parenting time, he has not been consistent with the 

remainder of his case plan, and there are still substance abuse issues with Father. His 

attempt to remedy the substance abuse issue is a new development and Father lacks 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 20 

consistency. K.A. has never lived with Father. Weygandt testified Father cannot provide 

a safe and legally secure placement for K.A. 

{¶70} K.A. has been in the same foster home since birth. It is the same foster 

home as Mother’s first child. Weygandt testified K.A. is very bonded with both foster 

parents and his sibling. K.A. is thriving in the foster home. 

{¶71} Though Father believes he could be compliant with his case plan in several 

months, Weygandt stated that, throughout the case, Father told her at each monthly 

meeting he was going to do case plan services, and it never came to fruition. Weygandt 

testified that Father has only been able to maintain his sobriety when he was incarcerated 

or completing inpatient treatment, and not on his own. 

{¶72} We find the trial court properly considered and weighed the factors in R.C. 

2151.414(D) and the trial court’s conclusion that the granting of permanent custody to 

FCCPS is in the best interest of the children is supported by competent and credible 

evidence. Father’s second assignment of error is overruled. 

{¶73} Based on the foregoing, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in 

granting permanent custody of K.A. to FCCPS. 
Fairfield County, Case No. 2021 CA 00002 21 

{¶74} Father’s assignments of error are overruled and the December 17, 2020 

judgment entry of the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is 

affirmed. 

By Gwin, J., 

Baldwin, P.J., and 

Delaney, J., concur