Opinion issued October 30, 2018

In The

Court of Appeals 

For The 

First District of Texas 

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NO. 01-18-00457-CV

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IN THE INTEREST OF A.F.S. AND E.L.S., Children

On Appeal from the 300th District Court

Brazoria County, Texas

Trial Court Case No. 87712-F

MEMORANDUM OPINION

This is an appeal from a decree terminating a mother’s parental rights and 

appointing the Department of Family and Protective Services as sole managing 

conservator of her children. The mother contends that the evidence was legally and 

factually insufficient to support the trial court’s finding that termination of her 

parental rights was in her children’s best interest. She also contends that the trial 
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court abused its discretion by appointing the Department as sole managing 

conservator. Because the evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s decree 

and because the mother consequently lacks standing to challenge the trial court’s 

conservatorship decision, we affirm.

Background

Sean Speers and Jessica Perez’s two female children, A.F.S. and E.L.S., are 

the subjects of this parental-termination proceeding. The Department of Family 

and Protective Services received allegations of neglectful supervision and 

methamphetamine use by the mother. A Department caseworker began an 

investigation and discovered that the children were staying with their paternal 

grandfather and his wife, Maynard and Stephani Speers. After concluding the 

children were safe with them, the caseworker left. The caseworker later met with 

the girls’ father, who expressed his concern that the mother was using

methamphetamine. 

The caseworker later followed up with the Speers and learned that they 

returned the children to the mother. The caseworker was concerned and discovered 

that the mother left the girls with her friend Arleene Quiroz. The caseworker then 

met the girls and the mother at a nearby police station. 
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At the police station, the mother stated that she was not using illegal drugs.

The mother took a drug test and tested positive for methamphetamine. The 

caseworker told the mother that she could not leave with the girls because she 

tested positive. The caseworker then tried to find a friend or family member of the 

mother who could take the children. The caseworker called the Speers, the father’s 

mother, a family friend, and Quiroz, but all were unable to take the children. The 

Department then placed the children in foster care.

Later that month, the Department filed a petition in the Brazoria County 

district court seeking temporary managing conservatorship of the girls and 

termination of the mother’s parental rights if reunification with her was found to be 

unsuitable. The trial court held an emergency hearing the same day and appointed 

the Department as temporary managing conservator pending a full adversary 

hearing.

The Department developed a family service plan for the mother. The trial 

court ordered the mother to comply with the plan, which listed several tasks and 

services the mother needed to complete before she could be reunified with her 

daughters. The plan stated that it was intended to help the mother provide a safe 

environment for the girls within a specified time and that, if she was unwilling or 

unable to provide that safe environment, parental and custodial duties and rights 

could be restricted or terminated and the children may not be returned. About a 
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year after the mother was given her family services plan, the Department submitted 

a permanency report to the trial court that detailed both parents’ inadequate 

progress towards completing the required services. The girls’ father relinquished 

his parental rights after the Department submitted its permanency report. 

The Department’s petition to terminate the mother’s parental rights was tried 

to the bench. At the trial, the Department called a number of witnesses, including

the caseworker who initially investigated the case as well as two other 

caseworkers, the children’s psychotherapist, the mother, and the children’s foster 

mother. The mother called no witnesses.

The initial caseworker described the reasons for his involvement with the 

case and for the Department’s decision to file its original petition. Another 

caseworker testified that although the mother completed a drug assessment, some 

parenting classes, and a psychological evaluation, she failed to satisfy other aspects 

of her service plan. The mother failed to appear for thirty-one scheduled drug tests, 

follow the recommendation of her psychological evaluation by initiating intensiveoutpatient therapy, show up for individual therapy, provide any proof that she was 

attending her narcotics-anonymous meetings, and follow any of the 

recommendations made by the girls’ therapist. The caseworker also stated that 

after the girls were placed in foster care, the mother would occasionally miss visits 

with her children and, when she did appear, she was often late. The caseworker did 
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acknowledge on cross-examination, however, that the mother told her that it was 

difficult to find transportation to and from therapy, other services required by the 

family services plan, and visits with the children. 

The mother then took the stand. On direct-examination, she testified that she 

was trying to find a job during the week that she left her girls with Quiroz. She

claimed that she attended narcotics-anonymous meetings three times a week. The 

mother also stated that she works for an apartment complex and has a permanent 

residence in Crosby, where she pays $600 in monthly rent. When asked by the 

court why she did not take the court-ordered drug tests, she responded, “I don’t 

know. Those times I had somebody bring me up here. They didn’t want to wait 

around, I guess. Other times because of work.” Trial concluded for the day before 

the mother’s examination was finished. The parties planned to finish her 

examination the following day, but she failed to appear. 

The Department then called the girls’ foster mother. The foster mother

testified that she had both girls evaluated and discovered that they were 

academically behind. She also explained that E.L.S. told her that once her mother 

left her with someone who sexually abused her. She stated that both girls told her 

that they want to be with their “mommy and daddy,” but would just as often ask “if 

their mommy and daddy can come live” with them so she “can take care of them, 

too.” The foster mother also reported that while the girls said they fear not having a 
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safe bed and everything they need for school if they go home with their parents, 

“in the very next breath they will express how they want to go home.” 

The Department called as its last witness a third caseworker who

corroborated the previous caseworker’s statement regarding the mother’s failure to 

provide any proof that she attended narcotics-anonymous meetings. She also stated 

that every time she asked the mother why she does not take the drug tests, she 

would say she did not have a ride. After the mother’s counsel finished cross 

examining the caseworker, both parties rested.

The trial court terminated the mother’s parental rights, finding that she 

engaged in conduct that endangered the girls’ physical or emotional well-being, 

that she knowingly placed the girls in conditions that endangered their physical or 

emotional well-being, and that termination was in the girls’ best interests. The trial 

court appointed the Department as permanent managing conservator and continued 

the girls’ placement with their foster mother. Finally, the judge noted that he 

believed the Department’s reasons for denying a home study of the maternal 

grandmother as a potential placement for the children were “weak, at best.” The 

judge did not expressly foreclose the possibility that the girls could be later placed 

with the grandmother, but he did state that he could not currently place the girls 

with the grandmother, who was not present in the court, without being able to ask 

her questions. 
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The mother appeals.

Analysis

On appeal, the mother challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the 

evidence supporting termination of her parental rights. She also contends that the 

trial court abused its discretion by appointing the Department as managing 

conservator of the children. 

I. Sufficiency of the evidence to support best-interest finding

Before a trial court may terminate parental rights, the Department must 

prove by clear and convincing evidence that both a predicate statutory ground 

under section 161.001(b)(1) exists and that termination of parental rights is in the 

children’s best interests. TEX. FAM. CODE § 161.001(b); In re B.L.D., 113 S.W.3d 

340, 353–54 (Tex. 2003). Clear and convincing evidence is “the measure or degree 

of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction 

as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established.” TEX. FAM. CODE

§ 101.007. The mother does not challenge the trial court’s predicate statutory 

findings. Instead she challenges only the trial court’s finding that termination of 

her parental rights was in A.F.S.’s and E.L.S.’s best interests, arguing that the 

evidence underlying the finding is both legally and factually insufficient. 

To assess the evidence’s legal sufficiency, we consider all evidence in the 

light most favorable to the trial court’s finding and decide “whether a reasonable 
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trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true.” 

In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002). We assume that any disputed facts 

were resolved in favor of the finding as long as a reasonable factfinder could have 

done so. Id. If “no reasonable factfinder could form a firm belief or conviction” 

that the matter on which the Department bears the burden of proof is true, then we 

“must conclude that the evidence is legally insufficient.” Id. In reviewing the 

factual sufficiency of the evidence, we consider the entire record, including 

disputed evidence. Id. (citing In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002)). The 

evidence is factually insufficient if, in light of the entire record, the disputed 

evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have resolved in favor of the 

finding is so significant that the factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm 

belief or conviction. Id.

To assist us in our analysis of the legal and factual sufficiency of the 

evidence underlying the trial court’s finding that termination was in the children’s 

best interests, we evaluate the entire record in light of the factors set out in Holley 

v. Adams: (1) the children’s desires; (2) the children’s current and future physical 

needs; (3) the emotional and physical danger to the children now and in the future; 

(4) the parental abilities of the individuals seeking custody; (5) the programs 

available to assist these individuals to promote the children’s best interests; (6) the 

plans for the children by these individuals or by the agency seeking custody; 
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(7) the stability of the home or proposed placement; (8) the acts or omissions of the 

parent which may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper 

one; and (9) any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent. 544 S.W.2d 367, 

371–72 (Tex. 1976). The list of Holley factors is not exhaustive, and evidence of 

all nine factors is not required to support a termination judgment. Id. at 372. 

Evidence that establishes the predicate acts under section 161.001(b)(1) may be 

relevant to determining the best interest of the child. C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27–28.

The mother admitted that she used to have a methamphetamine addiction, 

and throughout the course of this suit, caseworkers and the trial court asked her at 

least thirty-one times to take a drug test, but she took none of those tests. The trial 

court reasonably could have concluded that the mother was refusing to take drug 

tests because she was still using illegal drugs during the suit. See In re D.J.W., 394 

S.W.3d 210, 221 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. denied). This 

evidence could have been weighed in favor of termination under the third and 

eighth Holley factors focusing on physical danger to the child and any actions 

indicating an improper parent-child relationship. 

The factfinder could have found that the eighth Holley factor, considering 

the parent’s acts and omissions that indicate an improper parent-child relationship,

further weighs in favor of terminating the mother’s parental rights. Despite the 

affirmative efforts of caseworkers to help the mother meet the requirements of the 
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family services plan, she repeatedly demonstrated her unwillingness to take the 

necessary steps to ensure that she promotes the best interests of her children. For 

example, one caseworker sat down with her, printed the family services plan, and 

explained the entire plan to her. That same caseworker kept in monthly contact 

with the mother to keep her on track. Nonetheless, the mother failed to sign up for 

outpatient drug therapy, failed to provide proof that she was attending narcoticsanonymous meetings, and failed to follow the recommendations of the children’s 

psychologist. These failures, in conjunction with the thirty-one untaken drug tests, 

supports a conclusion that the mother was unwilling to complete available 

programs and services that were designed to ensure that parents act in a manner 

that promotes the best interests of their children. The mother’s unexplained failure 

to appear in court to finish her testimony also could have supported an inference 

that the mother’s commitment to take care of her children was inadequate. 

There was also evidence that the mother failed to meet the children’s 

emotional needs. For example, the children’s psychologist concluded that A.F.S. 

felt the need to parent her mother, stating, “she felt it was her responsibility to 

make sure certain things were done as far as like make sure they ate or they got up, 

got dressed for school,” things usually “attributed to the parent.” The psychologist 

noted that A.F.S. “felt she was responsible for” the mother and her sister. Further, 

before scheduled visits with the mother, the children would become anxious 
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because they were unsure if she would show up. The mother often would show up 

late to her scheduled visits with the children, and occasionally she would not show 

up at all. A factfinder could have determined that this evidence weighs in favor of 

termination under the second and fourth Holley factors focusing on the children’s 

emotional needs and the parent’s ability to meet those needs.

The evidence also supported a conclusion that the mother experienced 

difficulties in providing the children with a safe environment, disfavoring her 

under the third and seventh Holley factors, which consider the stability of the home

and the emotional and physical danger to the children. When this case began, the 

mother was homeless. She would often leave the children with friends and family 

for days and even weeks without providing a change of clothes or other necessities. 

In contrast, the evidence presented about the foster mother supported a 

conclusion that they provided a stable and nurturing environment to the children. 

Testimony established that when A.F.S. first arrived at the foster mother’s home, 

she was academically behind in reading and math. The foster mother had her

evaluated and sat down with A.F.S. and helped her do her homework every night. 

At the time of trial, A.F.S. was a straight-A student and in the top reading level in 

her class. When E.L.S. first arrived at the foster home, she could not count to ten or 

recite the alphabet. By trial, she was reading in pre-K receiving excellent marks. 

Also, when E.L.S. arrived she had trouble balancing and moving properly, so the 
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foster mother enrolled her in a dance class and engaged in constructive play on a 

weekly basis. She now has no trouble balancing and moving around. Further, the 

foster mother set up weekly in-house therapeutic visits for the children. And since 

then, both children have seen improvements in their mood and confidence. 

The trial court also could have viewed the ninth Holley factor, which 

considers any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent, as favoring 

termination. The mother often blamed her failure to complete services or take drug 

tests on her inability to find reliable transportation. The trial court reasonably could 

have concluded that this excuse may have justified her missing a few drug tests 

and few days of progress towards completing the services, but not her failure to 

take even one drug test nor her failure to complete a number of required services. 

Considering all the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s 

finding, we conclude that a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief 

or conviction that termination of the mother’s parental rights would be in the

children’s best interests. The Department presented evidence that the mother’s 

conduct placed the children in physical and emotional danger, undermined her own 

ability to complete the services required by the family services plan, and indicated 

an improper parent-child relationship. The only Holley factor that weighs against 

termination was the children’s desire to live with the mother, but no one factor is 

determinative. See Holley, 544 S.W.2d at 372. The trial court reasonably could 
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have concluded that this factor was greatly outweighed by the others and the 

evidence demonstrating that the foster mother was satisfying the children’s needs 

and providing stability. Furthermore, there was no disputed evidence that a 

reasonable factfinder could not have resolved in favor of finding that termination 

was in the children’s best interests, so as to prevent the trial court from forming a 

firm belief or conviction in that regard. Accordingly, we overrule the mother’s

challenge to the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support 

termination.

II. Appointment of the Department as permanent managing conservator

The mother argues that the trial court abused its discretion by appointing the 

Department as the girls’ permanent managing conservator. She contends that the 

trial court should have appointed her mother, the children’s maternal grandmother, 

as the permanent managing conservator.

Because we have overruled the mother’s challenge to the portion of the trial 

court’s order terminating her parental rights, she now lacks standing to challenge 

the trial court’s conservatorship decision. An order that terminates a parent-child 

relationship divests that parent of all legal rights and duties respecting that child. 

See TEX. FAM. CODE. § 161.206(b). And an appealing party cannot complain of 

errors that do not harm her or that affect only the rights of others. Torrington Co. v. 

Stutzman, 46 S.W.3d 829, 843 (Tex. 2000). Accordingly, we hold that the mother 
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now lacks standing to challenge the trial court’s conservatorship decision. See, e.g.,

In re D.K.W., No. 01-17-00622-CV, 2017 WL 6520439, at *5 (Tex. App.—

Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 21, 2017, pet. denied) (mem. op.). We therefore overrule 

the mother’s second issue.

Conclusion

We affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Michael Massengale

Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Higley, and Massengale.